text:
World Gold Map
Biggest Gold Treasures
Privacy Policies & Cookies
When you use gold-info.net website, you trust us with your information. This privacy policy is meant to help you understand what data we collect, why we collect it, and what we do with it. This is important and we hope you will take time to read it carefully.
What sorts of information do we collect and how we use it?
In general, you can visit gold-info.net on the World Wide Web without telling us who you are or revealing any information about yourself.
Our Web servers collect IP addresses of gold-info.net visitors only. This information is aggregated to measure the number of visits, average time spent on the site, pages viewed, etc. and is used by gold-info.net to measure the use of our site and to improve the content of our site.
You cannot be identified from this information only and it is only for the sole purpose to assist us in providing an effective service on our web site.
Companies handling the tracking and measurement for gold-info.net also have access to this information. We share some information with third party partners who use this to analyze our website's performance and generate site analytics. If you use our website our advertising partners may use your information to show you related (relevant to your web searches) adverts on our website.
HTTP Cookies - Wikipedia
In addition to our privacy notice, we may use external references (links) to provide you more detailed information about how to use our website full capacity.
Your rights attached to your personal data are regulated by EU General Data Protection Regulation - More info
For a full version of our Privacy Policy, please click here
Cortez gold mine
Gold South America
Gold Australia
Gold Europe
Gold Asia
Gold dredging
Electronic detection
Extraction Methods
Gold Dredge
Oldest golden treasure
Treasure of Villena
Malagana Treasure
What is gold?
Gold, chemical symbol Au (from the Latin aurum meaning "shining dawn") and atomic number 79, is a precious metal. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, and malleable metal, highly valued for its extreme ductility, strong resistance to corrosion, lustrous beauty. Gold often occurs in free elemental (native) form, as nuggets or grains, in rocks, in veins, and as dust in the beds of rivers. Gold has been used since antiquity in the production of jewellery, coinage, sculpture, vessels and as a decoration for buildings, monuments and statues. Some gold artefacts discovered by archaeologists in the Eastern Mediterranean and Balkan peninsula are dated to around the 4th millennium BC. Varna Necropolis also is known as Varna Cemetery is a burial site, widely regarded as the location of the oldest known gold object artefacts have been discovered, dating back to between 4600-4200 BCE. In more recent times, gold has been also used in engineering, electronics, medicine and other fields.
Photo credit: www.gold-service.ch - jpg source page: www.gold-service.ch
Key Phrases
Lode Deposits
In nature, gold in the most occasions occurs in its native state, as a metal. These deposits, for the most part, comprised of little grains or minuscule particles of metallic gold embedded in solid rock. The encompassing rocks are often quartz or sulfide minerals, for example, pyrite. The natural gold itself is generally a combination containing around 10% silver.
Placer Deposits
A placer is any deposit of sand, rock, or other characteristic material that has amassed in a streambed, on a shoreline, or in residual alluvial deposits. Due to its high density, gold tends to gather and concentrate in placer deposits.
Learn about "Gold Mining Methods" HERE
– The use of gold as a payment instrument originated in ancient Greece. In fact, the oldest gold coins found so far circulated in Lydia in the 6th century BC.
– The Roman Empire was responsible for the introduction of massive exploitation techniques in gold mining.
Under Julius Caesar, gold became the centre of the Roman monetary system.
– The Inca civilization found in Peru (South America) believed that gold was the sweat of Inti (the Sun God) and as a result of this belief gold is used for producing of all types of religious items like sun disks and masks. – Gold is used in dentistry because it is chemically inert, non-allergenic, and easy for the dentist to work. Gold is known to have been used in dentistry as early as 700 B.C.
– During the 19th Century, gold rushes across various parts of the globe triggered mass miner migration, such as the famous California Gold Rush between 1848-1855.
– The top five gold producers in the world, as of 2017, are China (426 tonnes), Australia (295.1 tonnes), Russia (270.7 tonnes), the United States (230 tonnes), and Canada (175.8 tonnes).
– Canadian giant "Barrick Gold Corporation" is on of the top gold mining companies in the world, with an impressive range of global operations including Canada, Australia, Argentina, Zambia, The Dominican Republic and Saudi Arabia.
Map of the World Gold
"World Gold Map" - Overview of the world's gold deposits, based on the overall size of gold resources in different parts of the world.
Gold in North America
Gold have been mining in the
since 1799, when it was discovered in North Carolina. California, Nevada and Alaska are famous for their gold discoveries, but many people don't realize that gold can be found in almost all 50 states.
U.S. Gold Mining Locations. Photo credit: treasurenet.com/forums-jpeg source: aahealthcare.info
is the Number 1 gold producing state and at the same time the most mineral rich state in the U.S. The state accounts for 75% of total U.S. output, and it's even estimated to be responsible for producing 3 percent of all gold ever mined in human history.
Largest gold mines:
The Cortez gold mine
located 100km south-west of Elko (Lander County, Nevada) is currently the 9th largest gold mine in the world. The mine contains a gold reserve of nearly 15Moz (425 tonnes) including 2Moz of proven and 13Moz of probable gold reserves. Gold production from Cortez started in 1969. The mine employs both open-pit and underground mining methods. Cortez gold mine is owned and operated by Barrick Gold. As one of Barrick's most promising ore bodies, the site is scheduled to receive $153 million from the company through 2020. This will help expand its underground mining capacity, allowing it to produce an additional 300,000 ounces per year.
Carlin Trend gold mine
(operated by Newmont) in Nevada is the 8th largest in terms of contained gold reserve.
is most famous for its Yukon Territory and the part it played in the Klondike Gold Rush of 1896. Gold was first discovered in Canada in 1823 along the Riviere Chaudiere in eastern Quebec.
Canadian gold deposits are located along the Canadian Shield, in British Columbia and Nunavut, and on the island of Newfoundland. The Canadian Shield covers half of the land area of the country. Most of Canada's gold mines are located on the Shield, especially in Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia.
Canada - Gold Mining Areas
Canada - Gold Mining Areas. Photo credit: www.steelguru.com - jpg source page: www.steelguru.com
Gold is mined in nine Canadian provinces and territories. There are several mines in operation. They include Eskay Creek Mine and Myra Falls Operation in British Columbia; Garson Mine and Stobie Mine in Ontario; Brunswick Mining Division in New Brunswick; Thompson Mill and Rice Lake Gold Mine in Manitoba; Mouska Mine and Sleeping Giant in Quebec; Canadian Malartic (Agnico Eagle and Yamana Gold), Quebec; and Meadowbank Gold Mine and Meliadine Agnico Eagle Gold Mine in Nunavut.
Placer gold deposits
in Canada are usually extracted from streams, creeks and rivers in Canada by amateur prospectors by panning and sluicing. Metal detecting for gold nuggets isn't as common in Canada as it is in Australia and the USA, although some gold hunters have had success with it. Like Alaska, many of the best places to find gold in Canada are deep in wilderness areas.
Gold in Central and South America
Gold has been mined all throughout whole region of
, from small-scale miners up to large commercial mining companies. From northern Mexico all the way to the southern tip of Chile, this is truly one of the richest gold-bearing areas on Earth. Some of the largest gold mines are placed on the continent, and there is still potential for future discoveries. Undoubtedly, there are millions of ounces of gold still yet to be found here.
Whenever someone thinks about gold mining in South America they usually start of by thinking about prospecting in Peru, Chile and Brazil. Looking deeper in the subject we start to see that there is a lot of gold in Ecuador and Columbia. However very few people tend to look beyond that group of countries and because of that narrower view, many people miss out on great prospecting opportunities that take place in some of the other smaller less known countries as Guyana.
Guyana Shield Is Host to Multiple Gold Deposits
Gyana - Exploration Map. Photo credit: www.streetwisereports.com - jpg source page: www.streetwisereports.com
Guyana is a one of the smaller South American countries that borders between Venezuela to the west, Suriname to the east and Brazil to the south. Guyana is very often called the "Land of Eldorado" because of the vast amounts of quanties of bauxite, manganeese, diamonds and gold along with other precious stones that are buried within the ground of this country. With gold prices now hitting record highs, many people from its coastal towns are heading into the country's interior to seek their fortune, either using artisanal methods or, if they can afford it, bringing in heavy dredging equipment. While most gold mining operations in the country are smaller alluvial/placer mines, there are larger operations that are open pit and underground also.
Aurora Gold Project
(Guyana Goldfields Inc.) - The Aurora mine is one of the largest gold mines in Guyana and in the world. The mine is located in the north-west of the country in Mazaruni. Total recovered gold production over a 16 year mine life is estimated to be 3.8 Moz, averaging 270,000 ounces per year for the first five years (2018 – 2022). Of the total 3.8 Moz ounces recovered over the life of the mine, 1.7 Moz are sourced from the open pit operations and 2.1 Moz are sourced from the underground operations.
Toroparu Gold Project
(Sandspring Resources SSP) - The Toroparu Gold Deposit is situated in an under-explored portion of the highly prospective Upper Puruni River Region of western Guyana. A pre-feasibility study completed for the Toroparu Project outlined the design of an open-pit mine producing 228,000 ounces of gold per year The mine's reserves is estimated between 5-10 Moz of gold.
Marudi Gold
(Guyana Goldstrike) - The complex is comprised of two areas, one being Mazoa Hill and the other Marudi North. A combined potential resource sits around 880,000 oz. gold.
Largest south american gold mining complexes
Pascua-Lama Chile (Barrick Gold)
- Pascua-Lama gold mine is located in the Frontera district (Central Andes), in the southern reaches of Atacama Desert, straddling the border between Chile and Argentina at an altitude of over 4,500 metres. The project was temporarily suspended in April 2013 due to an objection from a Chilean court on environmental grounds. The estimated gold reserves at Pascua-Lama as of December 2017 stood at 14 Moz, including 1.8 Moz of proven and 12.2 Moz of probable gold reserves.
Pueblo Viejo Dominican Republic (Barrick Gold)
- Pueblo Viejo mine located around 100km(60ml) north-west of Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic is one of the largest gold mine in the world.
Recently the level of gold exploration in
has increased because the region is not well explored and one might say it is under exploration. The region's small but diverse mining operations produced a variety of metals, industrial minerals, and mineral fuels including Gold. Gold mining activity is centered primarily in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.
Gold in Australia and Oceania
is the second largest producer of gold in the world. The great majority of the gold that is produced in Australia comes from large commercial gold mining operations. Most of the commercial gold mines in Australia are open-pit mine type, but some mining is also done underground. Western Australia has the largest number of commercial gold operations, with the rest scattered around the Northern Territory and the other states in Australia.
Plenty of gold is found in Australia every year by smaller, non-commercial gold operations, individual prospectors and amateur nugget hunters. Australia become a much sought-after destination for prospectors during the gold rush of the 1800's. Since then, significant amounts of gold are discovered in New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Tasmania and Western Australia.
Biggest gold mines
- The Newmont-operated Boddington gold mine located near Boddington, 75 miles southeast of Perth, Western Australia is the country's largest gold mine. The mine contained a gold reserve of 11,6 Moz (328 tonnes) as of December 2017.
The open-pit gold mine first commenced operations in 1987 by extracting the shallow oxide ores up to 70m deep below surface. It was brought under care and maintenance in 2001. Commercial production from the Boddington gold mine was restarted in 2009, with an expected mine life of up to 20 years. A project is being implemented to extend the mine life up to 2041 by exploiting additional gold resources identified in the low-grade hard rock ores below the previously mined pits.
Australian Gold Deposits. Photo credit: www.ga.gov.au - jpg source page: www.ga.gov.au
The Kalgoorlie mine
(Newmont mining), commonly referred to as "the Super Pit," has produced more than 50 million ounces of gold in 30 years. The mine's total proven and probable reserves amount nearly 4,14 Moz (117 tonnes) of gold.
Tanami golden mine
- The complex is situated in the remote Tanami Desert in The Northern Territory of Australia. The mine and plant are located on Aboriginal freehold land that is owned by the Warlpiri people and managed on their behalf by the Central Desert Aboriginal Lands Trust. Tanami contains a gold reserve of nearly 4,48 Moz (127 tonnes).
St Ives Gold Mine
represents a solid base for Gold Fields growth in Australia and is an important contributor to the Gold Fields vision, To be the global leader in sustainable gold mining, with a target contribution from the Australasia Region of ~1 Moz per annum.
Agnew Gold Mine
- Agnew is located some 375 km north of Kalgoorlie, in the same geological region as the St Ives Gold Mine. Gold was first discovered in the region in 1895 and Agnew currently holds tenements covering an area of approximately 59,398 ha. The existing operations exploit shear hosted auriferous zones from underground at the Waroonga Complex.
Lihir Gold Mine
, Aniolam Island, Papua New Guinea is located 900km north-east of Port Moresby in the New Ireland Province of New Ireland Province of Papua New Guinea. It is owned and operated by Lihir Gold Limited (LGL), which was merged with Newcrest Mining in August 2010. Newcrest Mining currently owns and operates the Lihir gold mine. Since production commenced in 1997, the complex has produced more than 10 million ounces of gold. Lihir has estimated reserves of 31 million oz of gold.
Gold in Europe
Europe has many locations where gold can be found. This ranges all the way from the far west of the continent in Ireland, to the far east in Russia and most of the countries in between have gold in varying amounts.
Europe - Gold Distribution Map. Photo credit: www.britishmuseum.org - jpg source page: www.britishmuseum.org
Where is gold produced in Europe?
Principally in Scandinavia (Finland and Sweden), Balkans (Turkey, Bulgaria and Romania) and Spain. Finland and Sweden are the main producing countries, followed by Bulgaria and Spain. Turkey, which began to extract gold at the beginning of the 21st century, produces today more gold than all the countries of the EU put together. In many countries of the EU, such as the United Kingdom, Romania, Greece, Slovakia, and Portugal, some gold mining projects are at the licensing stage. Geological exploration for gold deposits is ongoing also in other countries, such as France, Italy, Slovakia and Austria.
Gold in Russia
Russian Federation is a mining giant, accounting for just under 15% of total global mineral production and placing within the top 10 world producers of mineral resources.
Gold in Africa
Gold in Southern Africa
During the 1970s, South Africa was the world's most prolific exporter of gold.
Over the years, industrial decline has seen widespread closures of the mines across the country. However, Johannesburg (Johannesburg's other name, "Egoli" means City of Gold) sits on the biggest gold basin ever discovered (Witwatersrand area) and in 2018, South Africa is still one of the world leaders in gold mining.
South Deep gold mine
(Mpumalanga region) located 45km south-west of Johannesburg in the Witwatersrand Basin is the second largest gold mine in the world. It is the also the seventh deepest mine in the world with a depth of 2,995m below surface. The South Deep deposit has approximately 39.1Moz of gold reserves.
South Africa and the Witwatersrand Basin. Photo credit: superiormining.com - jpg source page: superiormining.com / creator:Bob Vidoni
Mponeng gold mine
near the town of Carletonville (Gauteng province) is currently the deepest mine in the world with a depth of more than 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) below the surface. The mine is one of the three Western Deep Levels mines of the West Wits gold field west of Johannesburg. Mponeng is the tenth largest gold mine, contains over 13Moz of gold reserves and is considered to be one of the most substantial gold mines in the industry.
Western Deep No.1 and 2 mines
The TauTona Mine or Western Deep No.3 Shaft
- The mine exploited the gold contained reefs at a depth of more than 3.9km.
TauTona was placed into orderly closure in 2017 due to severe production challenges and operational inefficiencies and low productivity, in addition to a nearly depleted ore reserve.
Savuka gold mine
, also located in the West Wits region and was the third deepest mine in the world. The mine exploited the gold contained reefs at a depth of more than 3.7km.
The mine was placed into orderly closure in 2017
The Kloof gold mine
lies approximately 60km south west of Johannesburg and 20km from Carletonville, on the border of Gauteng and Northwest Provinces, South Africa. The mine operates at depths of 1,000m to 3,500m and employs 14,800 people. Since 1939, when the Venterspost mine came in stream, the Kloof complex has treated nearly 250Mt of ore at an average yield of 9g/t to produce over 71Moz of gold.
The mine's total proven and probable reserves amount nearly 10.5 Moz of gold.
The Beatrix Gold Mine
consists of four surface operating shafts that mine various gold bearing reefs from open ground and pillars at depths between 600 and 2,155 m below surface. Ore is processed at two metallurgical plants with mill throughput of approximately 3.0 Mtpa to produce approximately 391 koz of gold. The mine has a workforce of approximately 10,500 employees.
The Driefontein mine
is a large mine located in West Wits Line goldfield, about 60km south west of Johannesburg (Gauteng province).
Gold mineralisation occurs at depths between 1,000m and 4,000m below surface. The mine's total proven and probable reserves amount to 94.6Mt grading an average 7.4g/t, and containing 21.6Moz of gold.
is known for its copper, but it is also a great gold producer with a number of active mines. It is a good country for anyone interested in mining in Africa, particularly because a lot of potential gold deposits are yet to be explored
has good gold occurrences in the country which have led to the establishment of several large mines. Much of the mining in the country occurs near Francistown, the second largest city in Botswana.
Gold in West Africa
Gold is Ghana's major mineral exports contributing about 35% of the country's total exports.
Ghana has become Africa's second largest gold producer behind South Africa, which is exceptional considering the relative small size of the country. The country's mining sector is centered around its gold production.
Read the full version HERE
Gold in East Africa
has one of the largest unexplored gold resources in Africa.Currently the country is the 4th biggest gold producers in Africa. The country produces about 40 tons of gold annually. This is a huge fraction of the 2.8% that the mining sector contributes to the country's GDP.
– Geita Gold Mine
– Golden Pride Gold Mine
– North Mara Gold Mine
Gold in North Africa
Algeria, Libya and Egypt are some of many gold-richest countries in Africa
Sukari mine Egypt
- Sukari tenement area is located in the south-easterly region of the Eastern Desert of Egypt, approximately 700km from Cairo and 25km from the Red Sea. The total measured and indicated resource, at 30 June 2015, is 13 Moz (million ounces)
Gold in Asia
As well as being the largest importer of gold in the world, and the world's largest consumer of gold, the Chinese gold mining sector is the world's largest national gold producer.
annual gold mining output is far ahead of both Australia and Russia, the world's second and third largest gold producers.
China has estimated reserves of 1840 tonnes of gold
Distribution of gold is not found evenly across the country of China. Most gold mines are located in Shandong Province, on midway between Beijing and Shanghai. Gold is mined and in provinces Fujian, Henan, Hebei, and Liaoning
Most large scale mining operations in China are mining gold ores from hard rock deposits
Roughly one fifth of chinese output is controlled by the China National Gold Group
is home to the world's biggest gold mine in terms of contained gold - Freeport Gold Mine (Grasberg gold and copper mining complex) in the Papua province. Roughly 18,000 people work at the Grasberg mine, for which a village, called Tembagapura, was constructed, containing roads, housing, schools, a hospital and an airport. Nearly a mile wide, the project consists of both an open pit and underground operation. The estimated gold reserves at Grasberg as of December 2016 stood at 25.8 million ounces (Moz).
has the fourth largest known gold reserves and is the ninth largest gold-producing country. It should be noted that most of the information regarding gold production and reserves is classified as "gold mining along with uranium mining." During the next decade, Uzbekistan intends to initiate mining operations at many new gold deposits with a record level of capital investment, according to the development programs of the country's largest companies.
Muruntau gold project
- Muruntau is the world's largest open pit mine and producing more than twice as much as its nearest rival. Discovered in arid Kyzyl Kum Desert in 1958, the Muruntau gold deposit began operations in 1967. Today, at 1,900 feet deep, is the world's fifth deepest. The project, which also contains huge deposits of turquoise and arsenic, sits atop what many geologists believe could be the world's biggest gold reserve, with various estimates placing the amount at between 3 and 5,300 tonnes of gold (170 Moz).
Muruntau Gold Mine (Uzbekistan). Photo credit: www.mining.com - jpg source page: www.mining.com / original source: Mining Atlas
The Oyu Tolgoi
(Mongolia) mine is a combined open pit and underground mining project situated in the southern Gobi desert of Mongolia, approximately 550 kilometres south of the capital, Ulaanbaatar and 80 kilometres north of the Mongolia-China border, Oyu Tolgoi is jointly owned by the Government of Mongolia (34 per cent) and Turquoise Hill Resources (66 per cent, of which Rio Tinto owns 51 per cent). Since 2010, Rio Tinto has also been the manager of the Oyu Tolgoi project. In addition to its 46Moz+ of gold, it also contains over 2 milion tonnes of copper. It is really a copper mine masquerading as a gold mine.
Boroo Gold
(Mongolia) is a combined, gold and silver open-pit mine, located 110 kilometers west-northwest of Ulaanbaatar. The Ulaanbaatar - Irkutsk highway passes within three kilometers of the mine site. The complex is opened since 2004.
Kumtor gold mine
(Kyrgyzstan) Kumtor is located in the Kyrgyz Republic, about 350 kilometres southeast of the capital Bishkek and about 60 kilometres north of the border with the Peoples Republic of China. It is the largest gold mine operated in Central Asia by a Western-based company, having produced more than 10.4 million ounces of gold between 1997 and the end of 2015.
The Hishikari Mine
(Opened 1985) is situated in the northern part of Kagoshima Prefecture. Hishikari is the only gold mine in Japan in operation today. It has produced 236.2 tons (as of the end of March, 2018) of gold since production started. All of the gold produced from gold mines in Japan throughout history comes to around 1,300 tons.
gold-info.net 2018
About Us Privacy Policy Terms of Use Contact Us


text:
Westerbroek (Duitsland), een dorp (Ortschaft) in de gemeente Straelen in de Duitse deelstaat Noordrijn-Westfalen.
Westerbroek (Nederland), een dorp in de gemeente Midden-Groningen in de Nederlandse provincie Groningen.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Check out some of the Chesapeake Christian singles on ChristianCafe.com. You can connect with these Christian singles from Chesapeake by starting your free trial membership. Our free trial allows you to try ChristianCafe.com free for 10 days which includes performing detailed searches, viewing profiles and connecting with Chesapeake Christian singles using email, winks and forum discussions. Experience Chesapeake Christian dating today!


Late last year and early this year, I wrote a series of blogs about the new tax law changes and what their potential impact could be on a wide spectrum of taxpayers. Those blogs generated quite a bit of interest but naturally, as time passed, people moved on to other interests and topics.
However, as the end of tax season draws near, we are seeing some issues emerge from the new Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) which were unanticipated at the time of its passage, and also because this is the first full year of its implementation.
Of course, there was much in the new tax law to commend but for some taxpayers, there have been unexpected and negative consequences related to the issue of under-withholding payment of their taxes.
As most people know, the U.S. tax system operates on a "pay-as-you-go" basis, meaning employers are required to withhold taxes from their employees' paychecks throughout the year, based on IRS calculations. However, an employee can reduce the amount that is being withheld by claiming personal allowances. But if, at the end of the year, the taxpayer didn't pay at least 90% of their owed taxes throughout the year – if their taxes have been underwithheld due to unwarranted personal exemptions – then the IRS has historically levied penalties against those taxpayers.
In years past, as many as 27 million Americans a year underwithheld their taxes. But according to the government's own General Accounting Office, it is estimated that in tax year 2018, 30 million Americans could be affected.
The reason for this increase? It mainly has to do with changes in the TCJA. First, all personal exemptions have been eliminated in the new tax law, and replaced with an increase in the standard deduction. Second, the TCJA also initiated changes to the previous IRS withholding tables. Finally, taxpayers were not required to update their W-4 form.
The consequence of all these changes is that millions of people are discovering that they unknowingly underwithheld their taxes and, as a result, they are receiving smaller than expected tax refunds, and there is a possibility they could be penalized as well.
As I mentioned above, the usual threshold for avoiding a tax penalty is 90%, but when the underwithholding issue first came to light, The Treasury Department immediately agreed to lower that number to 85%. However, for many lawmakers, that was insufficient. They demanded that the Treasury and the IRS either rescind the tax penalty for underwithholding entirely for 2018 or reduce the rate to 80%, and that's what has been done. The underwithholding payment threshold for 2018 is 80%.
This new rate applies to taxpayers whose estimated tax payments and total withholding for 2018 are, equal to or greater than, 80% of what they owe in taxes. Hopefully, for millions of Americans, this reduced guideline will help them to avoid any tax penalties due to underwithholding.
Last year, the IRS urged taxpayers to employ an online calculator to help them determine the correct amount to withhold from their paychecks, but the online calculator was confusing and complicated, and relied too heavily on assumptions, so very few taxpayers actually used it. It also encouraged taxpayers to update their W-4 form but since it wasn't mandatory, most tax payers simply ignored that advice.
Going forward, the IRS is still advising taxpayers to assess their withholding at IRS.gov/withholding to make sure that next year, they are withholding the correct amount. They also advise taxpayers to update their W-4 form and if they are in need of help, to seek assistance from their employer's Human Resource department.
Whenever new tax legislation is enacted, it is common for the IRS and the Treasury Department to provide additional clarification, guidance, and announcements to tax professionals and the public as the legislation is being implemented.
For example, we just received further clarification from the IRS surrounding Section 199-A, which describes and cements the final rules regarding business deductions. As a result, we will continue to generate blogs that address these kinds of topics to keep you informed, and to help you to measure the impact on your personal financial life and business.
United Capital does not provide personalized tax advice. Please consult your tax advisor regarding your individual situation.


Category of use grade 3 according to EN 1906. 5-year warranty. With adapter ring between lever handle and rose or backplate. Pure fittings are exclusively supplied in matt stainless steel or F1 aluminium. The range available meets standard market requirements. The quality of the surface corresponds to the standard applicable in this market segment. Pure door fittings are supplied as complete sets with return springs already fitted.
Attractive design and functional quality are the hallmarks of the DORMA Pure range. The fittings are characterised by their technical quality and operational reliability. The fittings are manufactured from high-quality materials and exude careful workmanship. DORMA Pure meets high demands with respect to reliability, security and corrosion resistance. The Pure range encompasses the most common lever handle models. All models are fitted with a right-hand or left-hand spring in order to return the lever handle to the horizontal position.
Hardware sets in the Pure range offer good quality door furniture at an attractive price. They are available as complete sets for timber doors and as half sets for narrow stile doors. The Pure range is suitable for national and international standard applications, from private homes to interior doors in office buildings.


text:
Home » App » How to create an app like Instagram – Step by Step Guide
How to create an app like Instagram – Step by Step Guide
By: Debora John 09 Jul 2019 0 comments
How to create an app like Instagram? Well, that's one questions that lots of people asked us every day. Understandably, the massive popularity and billions of users using Instagram daily make it an attractive avenue for young entrepreneurs to venture into. However, before we look into details of how to build an app like Instagram, let's briefly catch up with the history of photography and how it has become modern-day cult…
Photography From Royalty to Everyday Cult!
The history of Instagram!
How to create an app like Instagram?
A step wise approach to create an app like Instagram successfully!
The Financial aspects of developing an app like Instagram:
Photography has come a long way in the past few centuries. From being a luxury only royals could afford, today photography has become one of the most important parts of our lives, which dictates how we interact and communicate with other humans. In fact, today a pet cat is photographed more often than kings and queen a few centuries back.
Today, the photographic culture (or better to call it a cult) has become an important part of our daily lives. Today, access to the highest quality cameras right in our palm (cellphones) enables us to capture each and every moment of our lives. The number of photographs clicked through mobile phones reached over 2 billion in 2016 and that number is only growing ever since.
In fact, smartphones have played the biggest part in making our lives centered on photographs. Apart from offering brilliant cameras, smartphone apps like Instagram have simply converted photography into an everyday cult, a cult no one is immune against.
Instagram made its debut back in 2010 when Mike Krieger and Kevin Systrom decided to leverage smartphone cameras to build an app centered on images. The resulting app "Instagram" proved to be a huge success among users of all mobile platforms (iOS, Android) as the app continued to gather millions of new users.
Today, Instagram is an undisputed leader in terms of image sharing apps across the globe. This is well reflected by the fact that over 80million images are shared on the platform every day, while 3.5 billion images are liked every day; giving a very clear picture of the Instagram following. In fact, today Instagram isn't only about users sharing their life moments or photography expertise, in fact, the platform attracts millions of businesses that use the platform to reach massive users across the world.
With such a massive market waiting to be tapped into, understandably there are hundreds of young entrepreneurs looking for ways to create an app like Instagram. Now, if you are among one of the hundreds of entrepreneurs looking to venture into an app like Instagram, there are few factors that should be kept in mind including; unique features that can help it stand out on its own and not seems like an "Instagram Clone". You need to focus on the individuality and uniqueness of the app and watch-out for opportunities to seize in various niches.
Now, before we look into a step wise approach to create a mobile app like Instagram, just remember that you need a strategic planning and well-defined approach to build a successful app.
Below we list some strategic steps to follow when looking to develop an app like Instagram:
Carry out detailed market research – make sure you know your market and target audience well, this will help you seize new opportunities as well as identify current gaps in the market
Critically evaluate existing apps – Instagram is certainly the market leader in every respect, however, various other photo-sharing apps are trying to make their way in different markets and niches.
List down the key metrics including goals to achieve, budget available for development and marketing, deadlines and technologies to be utilized
Finalize a unique concept of your image sharing app
Create a strong early-stage marketing and PR strategy for the app – remember as a startup you can't just put everything at stake, rather follow a strategic and calculated strategy
Follow an agile model, ready to evolve and change as per the market needs – keep close track of competitors and users' preferences
Now, creating an app like Instagram is certainly an expensive venture and you would need to secure large investment beforehand to get through the custom Mobile App development and marketing phase successfully With such a large investment, you certainly would like to have an understanding of the monetizing model of Instagram, so as to calculate the payback time.
As for Instagram, the leading image-sharing app have multiple monetizing channels including in-app advertising, online shopping platform as well as sponsorships. So, if you are looking to create an app like Instagram, here are some most assured ways to monetize your app:
Advertisement and Sponsorship: Millions of businesses are looking for popular image-sharing platforms to advertise their offerings and gain global users' reach
In-app purchases: Once you have sufficient following of your app, you can put various in-app purchases on offerings including filters, effects, taking a commission out of online businesses, etc.)
Special deals: you can offer different special deals to active users as a way to monetize
Final Thought:
Image sharing mobile-apps are in high demand not just by users by businesses who are looking for popular and interactive platforms to market their products/services. However, just like with all other entrepreneurial ventures, make sure you have done extensive market research as well as analysis of competitors' business model to be able to identify gaps and seize on to opportunities where others are lacking.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It has been suggested that right-sided and left-sided colorectal cancer may arise by different mechanisms. However, there have been few studies of mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA) in relation to location. Therefore, we analyzed clinicopathological characteristics, microsatellite instability (MSI), and expression of MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC mucin core proteins, and p53 by immunohistochemistry in relation to tumor location. Ninety-six consecutive colorectal MAs and ninety-eight nonmucinous adenocarcinomas (nMAs) were investigated. Right-sided MAs, by comparison with those on the left side, were characterized by older age, larger tumor size, lower stage at presentation, peritumoral lymphocytic response, background of serrated adenoma, MSI-H phenotype, higher MUC2 and MUC5AC expression, and lower p53 protein overexpression. Right-sided nMAs, relative to those on the left side, were associated with MSI-H phenotype, higher MUC2 and MUC5AC expression, and lower p53 protein overexpression. Thus, MSI-H phenotype, expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC, and infrequent p53 protein overexpression are associated with right-sided location as well as mucinous histology. In univariate analysis, right-sided location had a favorable effect on disease specific survival of the patients with MA, although it is not an independent predictor of survival. Our results indicate that MA is a distinctive form of colorectal cancer and has different phenotypes depending on tumor location.
This work is supported by a grant from the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Research Fund, Seongnam, Korea. So Yeon Park and Hye Seung Lee contributed equally to this work.


Alphanumeric Sender ID allows you to send Twilio Programmable SMS messages from a personalized sender name (rather than using your Twilio phone number) in supported countries. Instead of using an E.164 formatted Twilio Phone number for the "From" value, you can use a custom text string like your company's name.
Alphanumeric Sender ID works on single text messages, as well as with a Twilio Messaging Service.
Alphanumeric Sender ID is automatically supported on all new upgraded (paid) Twilio accounts. It is not supported for Free Trial accounts.
From the left side navigation bar, click Programmable SMS .
Verify that "Alphanumeric Sender ID" is set to Enabled.
If you continue to experience issues after validating that you are attempting to send messages to a supported country, your account is upgraded, and Alphanumeric Sender ID is enabled, please contact Twilio Support.
To send SMS messages using an Alphanumeric Sender ID, use the desired ID for the From parameter in your API requests. For examples how this looks in code, please see Changing the sender ID for sending SMS messages.
You can also enable an Alphanumeric Sender ID on a Twilio Messaging Service. The Alphanumeric Sender ID will be selected automatically when sending to a supported country (unless you have SMS-capable numbers from that country in your Messaging Service pool, in which case Twilio will use those).
This feature is only available for upgraded (paid) Twilio accounts sending messages to supported countries. Some supported countries may have additional requirements, including pre-registration for alpha sender IDs, or limiting these messages to be only sent as transactional messages.
For the full list of supported countries, and pre-registration requirements, please see our article on International Support for Alphanumeric Sender ID. Please note that this feature is currently unsupported in the North American mainland countries of Canada, the US, and Mexico.
Alphanumeric Sender ID messages sent to an unsupported country will fail with an HTTP 400 error response from Twilio. In this case, we recommend that you fallback to a Twilio international mobile number.
Additionally, messages sent out using an Alphanumeric Sender ID can not be replied to directly.
What characters can I use in my Alphanumeric Sender ID?
Your ID must include at least one letter; It cannot be comprised of only numbers. Non-ASCII special characters and punctuation are not allowed.
How much does Alphanumeric Sender ID cost?
Some countries have pre-registration or business license requirements that may have an associated cost. Please see our article on International Support for Alphanumeric Sender ID for additional details.
For sending messages from Twilio, there is no price difference for using an Alphanumeric Sender ID vs. a standard Twilio phone number. Please see our Programmable SMS Pricing site for complete pricing information.
Can users respond to my messages that use Alphanumeric Sender ID?
No. Alphanumeric Sender ID is only used for one way communication. Recipients of messages with an Alphanumeric Sender ID will not be able to respond to you directly. Because of this limitation, we recommend only using Alphanumeric Sender IDs for one-way outbound messages. You may also include a contact number, email, or website address in your outgoing messages if you wish to receive responses.
Since Alphanumeric Sender ID can only be used for one way messaging, inbound messages sent to your Alphanumeric Sender ID will not be received on your Twilio project.
Customers receiving text messages with your Alphanumeric Sender ID should have opted in to your service and been informed on how to opt out. We recommend that you provide your users with a clear description in your terms in services about how many messages they should expect to receive and how they can opt out. Spoofing of brands or companies with Alphanumeric Sender ID is not allowed.


text:
Jessica Palomo
Jessica.Palomo@asu.edu
School of Art, Staff
Grad Prg Student Svc Supp Cdr
University Staff, TEMPE Campus, Mailcode 1505
Jessica Palomo is the Graduate Coordinator at the School of Art. Jessica coordinates, manages and advises prospective and current graduate students in academic policies, procedures, and programs.
Jessica Palomo received her BFA in Sculpture from Southern Methodist University in Dallas, TX and her MFA in Drawing from Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. In addition to her 7 years of administrative experience, Palomo has art education experience at both the college and high school levels and held positions at prestigious art institutions like the Phoenix Art Museum. She was the artist in residence at the Palazzo Rinaldi in 2011 with a solo exhibition in Noepoli, Italy. She has been the recipient of multiple awards including the Nathan Cummings Travel Fellowship and the Martin Wong Foundation Scholarship. Her work has been exhibited internationally at the Contemporary Art Space in China, locally at Tucson Museum of Art in Arizona, and is represented by Bentley Gallery in Phoenix, AZ. Palomo works in drawing and sculpture to investigate uncomfortable situations. Currently, her work explores the effects of grief and trauma.
2017 Master of Fine Art, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
2007 Bachelor of Fine Art, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX
ART 214 Life Drawing I
ART 211 Drawing II


text:
DOER's Solar Incentive Straw Proposal: Optimism, Anxiety, Uncertainty.
On September 23, DOER presented a straw proposal for the next phase of Massachusetts solar incentives. DOER's ambitious proposal for a tariff-based program reflects a thoughtful development process and a laudable goal of crafting a program that is more efficient at promoting sustained solar deployment. There is plenty to like. But, DOER has bitten off quite a mouthful by proposing a structure that departs so dramatically from the SREC approach. … More
RGGI Is a Success Story. When Will It Be Obsolete?
When RGGI was first implemented, I heard Ian Bowles, then Secretary of Energy and Environmental Affairs in Massachusetts, say more than once that the purpose of RGGI wasn't really to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or jump start the clean energy economy. Instead, the goal was much more modest; it was simply to demonstrate that a trading regime could work. The RGGI states were to serve as a model,… More
Massachusetts Gears Up for Energy Storage Grant Program
The report on energy storage released by the Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources (DOER) and the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC) on September 16 put forward a bevy of policy proposals that have reinvigorated discussions of energy storage in the Commonwealth. A key policy initiative that seems certain to be implemented is the Advancing Commonwealth Energy storage (ACES) Program a $10 million, competitive grant program for energy storage projects to be administered by MassCEC and DOER. … More
Governor Baker's Executive Order on Change: Good News; Still Work To Be Done By MassDEP
Last Friday, Governor Baker issued Executive Order 569, "Establishing an Integrated Climate Change Strategy for the Commonwealth." EO 569 will advance climate policy in Massachusetts in a number of important ways. It also leaves much to be accomplished by MassDEP. Here are the highlights:
EOEEA and MassDOT are instructed to work with other New England and Northeastern states to develop regional policies to reduce GHG emissions from the transportation sector.…
DOER and MassCEC Release Report on Energy Storage
The Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources ("DOER") and the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center ("MassCEC") released their long-awaited report on energy storage, "State of Charge" (the "Storage Study") on Friday. The Storage Study is a central component of the Commonwealth's "Energy Storage Initiative" and is likely to serve as the basis for future policy initiatives. It recommends a suite of policies designed to promote the development of 600 MW of advanced energy storage (i.e.… More
DOE and DOI Release the New National Offshore Wind Strategy: Perhaps Prosperity Is Finally Just Around the Corner
Last Friday, DOE and DOI issued an update of their National Offshore Wind Strategy. It's a moderately aggressive strategy, seeking to deploy at least 86 gigawatts of offshore wind by 2050. The report highlights both the significant opportunities and potential for growth and also some of the remaining potential roadblocks.
The combination of fossil retirements and demand growth provide significant incentive for offshore wind development.…


text:
NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON IMMUNIZATION (NACI) GIVES PREVNAR® 13 GRADE A RECOMMENDATION
ADULTS 65+ SHOULD CONSIDER THIS VACCINE TO HELP PREVENT AGAINST PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA
KIRKLAND (Quebec) – November 16, 2016 – The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) concludes that there is good evidence to recommend, on an individual basis, the Prevnar® 13 vaccine followed by Pneumovax® 23 for immunocompetent adults aged 65 years and older not previously immunized against pneumococcal disease for the prevention of community-acquired pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F and 23F.[1],[2]
The National Advisory Committee on Immunization provides the Public Health Agency of Canada with ongoing and timely medical, scientific, and public health advice relating to immunization.
"Immunization with Prevnar® 13 can play an important role in helping to reduce the incidence and burden of vaccine-type pneumococcal pneumonia in adults," says Jelena Vojicic, Vaccines Medical Lead, at Pfizer Canada. "This recommendation further supports the importance of Prevnar® 13 for this high risk population."
Burden of Pneumonia in Canada
Pneumococcal pneumonia is one of the leading causes of hospitalization and can pose a serious health risk – particularly to older adults and those who are vulnerable to this infection[3],[4],[5]
Elderly individuals with pneumococcal pneumonia have a longer length of hospitalization and higher case-fatality rates than younger groups[6]
If pneumonia is severe, the average cost of a 13-day hospital stay is approximately $23,000[7]
72 per cent of adult patients who survive pneumonia will be re-hospitalized within three to five years[8]
About Prevnar® 13
Prevnar® 13 was first introduced for use in infants and young children in December 2009 in Europe and is now approved for such use in more than 120 countries worldwide, including Canada. It is the most widely used pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in the world, and more than 750 million doses of Prevnar® 7-valent/Prevnar® 13 have been distributed worldwide. In addition, Prevnar® 13 is approved for use in adults in more than 100 countries, and is also approved in Canada, the US, European Union and other countries, for use in older children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years. To learn more about Prevnar® 13, visit prevnar.ca.
About Pfizer Canada Inc.
Pfizer Canada Inc. is the Canadian operation of Pfizer Inc., one of the world's leading biopharmaceutical companies. Our diversified health care portfolio includes some of the world's best known and most prescribed medicines and vaccines. Historically, Pfizer Inc. has invested more than US$7 billion toward developing safe and effective medicines. At Pfizer, we're working together for a healthier world. To learn more about Pfizer Canada, visit pfizer.ca or you can follow us on Twitter (twitter.com/PfizerCA) or Facebook (facebook.com/PfizerCanada).
Corporate Affairs Pfizer Canada
Pfizer Canada Media Line: 1-866-9Pfizer (1 866 973-4937)
[1] Public Health Agency of Canada. An Advisory Committee Statement (ACS). National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI). Update on the use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PNEU-C-13) in addition to 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PNEU-P-23) in immunocompetent adults 65 years of age and older – Interim Recommendation. June 2016.
[2] Prevnar® 13 Product Monograph. December 2015.
[3] Ontario Burden of Infectious Disease Study. Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion. 2010. https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/eRepository/ONBoID_ICES_Report_ma18.pdf.
[4] Jackson et al. The Burden of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Seniors: Results of a Population-Based Study. CID 2004:39. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/39/11/1642.full.pdf.
[5] Statistics Canada. Leading Causes of Deaths in Canada, 2009, CANSIM Tables 102-0561.
[6] McNeil et al. A Retrospective Study of the Clinical Burden of Hospitalized All-Cause and Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Canada. Canadian Respiratory Journal. 2016.
[7] Quality-Based Procedures: Clinical Handbook for Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Health Quality Ontario. November 2013.
[8] Johnstone et al. Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality After Hospitalization With Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Medicine. 2008.


London's ultimate winter destination for stylish skating, contemporary music, festive shopping and gourmet food and drink returns to Somerset House.
For telephone bookings call 0333 320 2836 lines are opening Monday- Sunday 09.00 -21.00.
Our stunning Edmond J. Safra Fountain courtyard is the backdrop to London's most beautiful ice rink, where you can skate day or night with family and friends. Skate Lates features an extra special series of music nights throughout the season - the perfect start to your weekend. Après-skate, treat yourself at Fortnum's Lodge with one of our Skate Extras – all designed for two to share; relax and take in the spectacle rink-side with a drink or warming snack in the Skate Lounge.


Some of Scrutiny's coolest tricks may not be terribly well documented, so I thought I'd start a series of articles here.
Previous versions of Scrutiny had an 'Autosave' checkbox. With the feature turned on, any data that was in memory would still be there after quitting (deliberately or unintentionally) and re-starting the app.
In Version 7, the same option is there but the app goes much further. With the feature switched on, Scrutiny will save the data from the most recent crawl of each site. This means all data; link check results, sitemap, SEO data, spell check, everything.
If crawl data exists for a site, then you'll see the database icon with the site's configuration. This takes you straight to the Results selection screen.
Since version 7.3 this feature is on by default for new users. So if you are scanning very large sites and short of disc space, you may want to switch the feature off (note that you can still save and load data manually using File > Save data and File > Open). But you may not want to switch Autosave off, because this window (below) shows the data that Scrutiny is keeping (with dates and sizes) and you can use this 'data manager' to selectively trash the data that you don't need. The table can be sorted by size, scan date or website name.


text:
All The Beautiful Moments From Priyanka-Nick's Reception!
Pictures of Priyanka Chopra and Nick Jonas' wedding are out, first exclusively published by PEOPLE magazine. The newlyweds appear on the magazine's cover, where every detail of their recent nuptial is written about.
PC, for the Indian wedding at Jodhpur, wore a red lehenga designed by Sabyasachi Mukherjee who incidentally also designed Deepika's wedding outfits.
The whole look was designed by the designer and took more than 100 craftsmen to work for over 3700 hours on the magnificent outfit that Priyanka Chopra wore on her Hindu wedding.
As for the Christian wedding, PC wore a gorgeous gown with a massive train at the back that had six people holding it upright.
The Chopra-Jonas families booked the Taj Umaid Bhawan Palace for the wedding from November 29, 2018, to December 3, 2018. The couple has booked the fort from November 29 to December 1. It will be closed for tourists on these three days. It is said that the cost of the wedding is coming up to Rs 3.2 crores!
Meanwhile, for the reception, PC and Nick had India's PM Narendra Modi in attendance and their families looking glamorous, as usual. The couple indulged in cute PDAs too post their wedding for pictures.
Nick Jonas' brother Joe Jonas with fiane Sophie Turner of Game of Thrones fame
ALSO SEE: Priyanka Chopra & Nick Jonas' Wedding Celebrations Looks Like A Dream!!


text:
TV Ratings Thursday: 'Bones,' 'American Idol,' 'The Office,' 'Vampire Diaries,' 'Paul Reiser' All Down; 'Community' Inches Up
TV By The Numbers April 22, 2011
[TABLE=2376]
On the eve of Good Friday (and Earth Day) ABC and CBS were in repeats. Of course Fox would've easily won the night regardless with an hour of American Idol that scored a 5.6/18 adults 18-49 rating and an hour of Bones that featured a backdoor pilot for "The Finder," that garnered a 3.2 adults 18-49 rating. I speculate whether "The Finder" is a keeper probably doesn't have a lot to do with the ratings. American Idol was down 13% from last week and Bones was down 9%, but look for Idol to be adjusted up a couple of tenths in the final numbers and Bones to be adjusted down due to the overrun.
Like Fox, NBC ran a night of originals. Community averaged a 1.5 adults 18-49 up a tenth versus lastversus last week. The Paul Reiser Show scored an even more miserable than its premiere 0.9 rating with a adults 18-49. More Will Ferrell on The Office but it was down hard, dropping 0.7 from last week's 4.0 adults 18-49 rating all the way down to a 3.3 rating. Parks and Recreation was even with last week with a 2.5 adults 18-49 rating. The two-part 100th episode of 30 Rock averaged a 2.2 adults 18-49 rating for the hour, even last week's 30 minute episodes
CW also ran originals. Vampire Diaries was down 0.2 versus last week with a 1.1 adults 18-49 rating. Nikita was even with another 0.8 adults 18-49 rating.
Late-night results are below the primetime data.
Overnight ratings for Thursday, April 21, 2011:
Time Net Show 18-49 Rating/Sh Viewers (Millions)
8:00 FOX American Idol 5.6/18 19.62
CBS The Big Bang Theory (R) 1.8/9 7.04
NBC Community 1.5/5 3.30
ABC Wipeout (R) 1.3/4 4.74
CW Vampire Diaries 1.1/4 2.65
8:30 CBS Rules of Engagement (R) 1.5/5 5.51
NBC The Paul Reiser Show 0.9/3 2.54
9:00 NBC The Office 3.3/9 6.80
FOX Bones 3.2/9 11.10
CBS CSI (R) 1.6/5 8.40
ABC Grey's Anatomy (R) 1.2/3 3.86
CW Nikita 0.8/2 1.94
9:30 NBC Parks & Recreation 2.5/7 5.09
10:00 NBC 30 Rock 2.3/6 4.80
CBS The Mentalist (R) 2.1/6 10.96
ABC Private Practice (R) 0.8/2 2.73
Via NBC press note:
In Late-Night Metered Markets Thursday night:
•	In Nielsen's 56 metered markets (the Nashville market is delayed), household results were: "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno," 2.0/5 with an encore telecast delayed by a preview of "The Voice"; CBS's "Late Show with David Letterman," 2.6/6 with an encore; and ABC's combo of "Nightline," 2.7/6; and "Jimmy Kimmel Live," 1.3/4.
•	In the 25 markets with Local People Meters, adult 18-49 results were: "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno," 0.9/4 with an encore delayed by "Voice" preview; "Late Show," 0.6/3 with an encore; "Nightline," 0.7/3; and "Jimmy Kimmel Live," 0.4/2.
•	At 12:35 a.m., "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon" (1.2/4 in metered-market households with an encore delayed by "Voice" preview) trailed CBS's on-time first-run "Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson" (1.5/5). In the 25 markets with Local People Meters, "Late Night" (0.5/2 in 18-49 with an encore delayed by "Voice" preview) topped "Late Late Show" (0.4/2).
•	At 1:35 a.m., Last Call with Carson Daly" averaged a 0.7/3 with an encore delayed by "Voice" preview in metered-market households and a 0.4/3 in adults 18-49 in the 25 markets with local people meters.
Nielsen TV Ratings: ©2011 The Nielsen Company. All Rights Reserved.
NOTE: All national ratings are "live plus same day DVR viewing" from Nielsen Media Research unless otherwise indicated.
You can see TV ratings from other recent Overnight ratings reports here.
Fast Affiliate Ratings: These first national ratings, including demographics, are available at approximately 11 AM (ET) the day after telecast, and are released to subscribing customers daily. These data, from the National People Meter sample, are strictly time-period information, based on the normal broadcast network feed, and include all programming on the affiliated stations, sometimes including network programming, sometimes not. The figures may include stations that did not air the entire network feed, as well as local news breaks or cutaways for local coverage or other programming. Fast Affiliate ratings are not as useful for live programs and are likely to differ significantly from the final results, because the data reflect normal broadcast feed patterns. For example, with a World Series game, Fast Affiliate Ratings would include whatever aired from 8-11PM on affiliates in the Pacific Time Zone, following the live baseball game, but not game coverage that begins at 5PM PT. The same would be true of Presidential debates as well as live award shows and breaking news reports.
Rating: Estimated percentage of the universe of TV households (or other specified group) tuned to a program in the average minute. Ratings are expressed as a percent.
Share (of Audience): The percent of households (or persons) using television who are tuned to a specific program, station or network in a specific area at a specific time. (See also, Rating, which represents tuning or viewing as a percent of the entire population being measured.)
Time Shifted Viewing – Program ratings for national sources are produced in three streams of data – Live, Live+Same Day (Live+SD) and Live+7 Day. Time shifted figures account for incremental viewing that takes place with DVRs which are currently in approximately 24.4% of all U.S. TV households. Live+Same Day (Live+SD) include viewing during the same broadcast day as the original telecast, with a cut-off of 3:00AM local time when meters transmit daily viewing to Nielsen for processing. Live+7 Day ratings include incremental viewing that takes place during the 7 days following a telecast.
For more information see Numbers 101.
Category: 'Tagged: 30 Rock Ratings American Idol Ratings Bones Ratings Community Ratings CSI Ratings Grey's Anatomy Ratings Nikita Ratings Outsourced Ratings Parks & Recreation Ratings Perfect Couples Ratings Private Practice Ratings Rules of Engagement Ratings The Big Bang Theory Ratings The Mentalist Ratings The Office Ratings Vampire Diaries Ratings Wipeout Ratings
Previous article1-FeaturedIs "Bones" Spin-Off "The Finder" a Keeper? The Ratings Probably Won't Tell the Tale
Next articleNetwork TV Press ReleasesHBO's "Game of Thrones" May Episode Summaries


text:
The Rise of Bangladesh: Asia's Next Frontier Market
Despite a promising economic outlook, foreign investors in Bangladesh must remain attentive to political and social developments in the country. With the COVID pandemic ongoing and 70% of the country's workers in the informal sector, shutting down the country post-April was not an option. The government is slowly allowing the country's factories and power plants to open in order to limit the economic fallout.
The human costs of reopening are are likely to be high. Companies must work with local enforcement to ensure that employees and assets are kept safe.
COVID-19's disruption
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Bangladesh was no stranger to environmental crises, such as recurrent floods and cyclones. But the pandemic revealed Prime Minister Sheik Hasina's vulnerabilities in terms of policy decisions. Healthcare and education sectors were ignored over the years as the government focused on roads and power plants.
The lack of investment in these two sectors has caused tremendous disruption during the current crisis. A prolonged lockdown would adversely impact 50 million workers in the informal sector, leading to massive scale protests and unrests.
Consequently, Bangladesh, like many other places in the world, is likely to experience intense economic impact as a result of the pandemic. The decline in global demand for manufactured goods, particularly in the garment sector, will increase unemployment among its six million textile workers.
Recovering from the lockdown
Despite the short-term outlook, the medium to long-term outlook is promising. Bangladesh is taking steps to attract foreign direct investment as it strives to achieve an annual 10% GDP growth rate for the upcoming years. The South Asian country has had strong and stable economic growth since the mid-1990s, with an average 5.8% GDP growth per annum. Increased investments in power generation, telecommunications, infrastructure, and greater export volumes have driven this growth.
Prime Minister Sheik Hasina's Awami League government has used growth in foreign direct investment (FDI), along with a steady liberalization of investment norms, to ensure economic development. Hasina has tactfully leveraged Bangladesh's position in the China-India regional competition to create economic and investment opportunities. Unlike other South-Asian countries that have fallen into debt traps, such as Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Bangladesh has successfully negotiated beneficial terms and interest rates on infrastructure contracts with China.
More transparency should improve investment conditions
At the same time, the country is implementing anti-corruption reforms as a means to attract foreign businesses and stimulate economic growth. A well-informed risk consultant told IMA Asia members that,
'Our clients have had significant challenges securing cashflow with factoring. It is supposed to be easy, but the process of receiving approval from the banks has been difficult. These restrictions are slowly starting to ease up.'
Companies often do well in sectors that the government favours. Bangladesh rolls out the red carpet for foreign investors when it suits the government. Information and communication technology (ICT), clean energy, and low-cost manufacturing hubs are the key areas for foreign investors, gaining from the supply chain shift away from China.
… but critical risks still need to be addressed
While opportunities may look promising, foreign investors need to be cautious and follow a few guidelines:
Seek investors who are looking at long-term vision opportunities in Bangladesh's key sectors.
Identify the key players for your sector within the country's ruling party ministries.
Build strong relationships with potential local partners in to lay the stones for possible investments and long-term opportunities.
Monitor Bangladesh's efforts to fund COVID-19 relief measures and to renegotiate agreements with multilateral institutions.
Click on 'Deep Read' at the top of the page to learn more about how to cautiously capitalise on Bangladesh's promising growth prospects.


The foundational role of modern Jewish thought in the making of modern Judaism has been a dominant and persuasive historical narrative. This panel adds another layer to this narrative by examining the dependencies and mutual influences between modern Jewish thought and Jewish social life based on three distinct case studies from nineteenth- and early twentieth-century German-Jewish history.
In the first paper, Kerstin von der Krone discusses the entanglements of modern Jewish thought, scholarship, and education in the nineteenth century based on educational literature—manuals, textbooks and devotional books—meant for religious instruction in school and at home. In the second paper, Alexandra Zirkle examines the theological interpretations of poverty in nineteenth-century German-Jewish sermons and aims to situate these Jewish theologies of poverty in their broader social, cultural, and intellectual context. Both papers highlight the richness of nineteenth-century Jewish religious literature, which served educational and communal purposes, helped to navigate new social realities, and became instrumental in promoting new conceptions of Judaism. In the third paper, Yaniv Feller discusses the notion of communal duty in Leo Baeck's philosophy. An accomplished scholar and thinker, Baeck embodied the ideal of German Doktor-Rabbiner and was a devoted communal leader in the darkest period of German-Jewish history. Taken as a whole, the papers highlight the personal ties and dependencies between Jewish thought and Jewish social and communal life represented by scholars, teachers, and rabbis, who were often involved in both scholarly debates and community politics. Further, the panel elaborates how these Jewish intellectuals translated Jewish thought—historical, philosophical, and theological perceptions of Judaism—into practical and social knowledge that could be used to navigate the social realities of Jewish communal life. Finally, we explore the underlying expectations and perceptions of everyday Judaism that informed the scholarly and communal activities of Jewish intellectuals. In other words, we highlight the impact of the social realities of Jewish life on Jewish thought and scholarship, thereby challenging the notion that Jewish thought became more and more detached from Jewish practice. Instead, we interrogate how Jewish thought and practice constituted each other.


text:
Leymah Roberta Gbowee is a Liberian peace activist responsible for leading a women's peace movement that helped bring an end to the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003. Her efforts to end the war, along with her collaborator Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, helped usher in a period of peace and enabled a free election in 2005 that Sirleaf won. This made Liberia the first African nation to have a female president. She, along with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Tawakkul Karman, were awarded the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work."
The Liberian civil war, which lasted from 1989 to 2003 with only brief interruptions, was the result of economic inequality, a struggle to control natural resources, and deep-rooted rivalries among various ethnic groups, including the descendants of the freed American slaves who founded the country in 1847.


My student, Aljiro did it again!
Taping onto the power of the largest online auction sites, he easily made over US$460 just by sending out ONE email.
Not Able To Make Another Sale? You Are Missing This.
sell a single thing. Sales is a BIG Fat Zero!
Hi. I"m Nicole Dean, and I was invited here by John to be a guest expert this week. All summer long, I"m doing a Blog World Tour where I hop from blog to blog, meeting new readers and sharing free information as well as recommendations for valuable resources.
So far, I"ve visited a variety of blogs, from work at home success blogs, to internet marketing blogs. It"s been quite an adventure to say the least.
So, keep an eye on your email account that you use when you leave comments. That"s how we send prize notifications. You can only win though, if you comment, so please do leave some thoughts. And, yes, that"s the only reason we"ll contact you.
Onward. At the moment, as you can see in the picture below, I"m sitting overlooking a golf course in Crossville, Tennessee, watching golfers go by. I"m on vacation, but I have my laptop so, while the kids rest a bit, I"m pounding out some of these blog posts. Freedom to travel where I want, when I want is one of the reasons why I"ve chosen to earn money with affiliate marketing. And, that is our topic today.
I'm Ryan Chua and I hail from the humid island of Singapore. My area of expertise is online marketing which includes traffic generation, list building and content websites.
My 2nd Joint Venture Contest and We are Ranked Number 2!
This is going to be a short post as I want to thank a personal friend and also a Joint Venture Broker Reed Floren, our team was able to participate in a FREE IM Giveaway.
I would also like to take this opportunity to thank my fellow team mate, Benrick for making this possible.


text:
California has its first open-LGBT governor... for one day only
The usual California's governor, Gov. Jerry Brown, is away on business for a trade mission to Mexico.
In his absence, the position moved to Lieutenant Governor Gavin Newsom but he was required to attend a Special Olympics event on the East Coast.
The next acting governor, Senate President pro tempore Darrell Steinberg, is scheduled to leave the state for Chicago today.
As Gov. Brown is not due to return from Mexico until this evening, Speaker Atkins is due to hold the office in the estimated eight or nine hours between Mr Steinberg's departure and Gov. Brown's return to the state.
In doing so, she becomes California's first lesbian governor.
In 2005, Ms Atkins became the first lesbian Mayor of San Diego, and in May 2014 succeeded John Pérez, the first gay Speaker of the California State Assembly, to become the first lesbian holder of the office.
Atkins kissing her spouse, Jennifer LeSar,
on the day she was sworn in as Assembly speaker
Publicat per Ben Aquila a 2:01 PM
Eddi Haskell July 31, 2014 at 6:35 AM
Are you sure this is true? Wasn't the past governor of California, Arnold "The Terminator" Schwarzenegger also a lesbian who made very effective use of turkey basters to breed attractive offspring, and excessive amounts of testosterone to lower her voice and put some muscle on her fleshy feminine featured frame? Rumor has it that Arnold and another famous strikingly-featured Austrian beauty, Marie Christine von Reibnitz- who is otherwise known as Princess Michael of Kent- are really sisters.
Mara Bruninini September 3, 2016 at 2:06 PM
Hunk of the Month July: Matthew Camp
California has its first open-LGBT governor... for...
US Senators urge Obama to push for Nigeria and Uga...
St Petersburg held LGBT Pride despite Russian Auth...
#JewsandArabsRefuseToBeEnemies
Warwick Rowers Calendar is Back
New York NewFest 2014
Circuit Festival Barcelona 2014
First overseas adoption in Denmark by Same-sex cou...
President Obama signs order protecting LGBT worker...
Turkey's Supreme Court Recognizes Hate Speech agai...
Federal Court Rules Oklahoma's ban on Marriage Equ...
Florida Judge Rules Same-Sex Marriage Ban Violates...
Croatia Approves Same-Sex Civil Union Law
LGBT Pride in Afghanistan's U.S. Camp
Ian Thorpe Comes Out
The Ideal Team of 2014 FIFA World Cup
The Circle: the Story of a Swiss Gay Group after W...
U.N. recognizes same-sex marriage for all its staf...
Madrid: The Largest European Gay Pride
Children Raised by Same-Sex parents are Healthier ...
Kyiv Pride Cancelled
FIFA Will Investigate Neymar Underwear
Swedish team will wear rainbow uniforms in support...


Myrth York was the Democratic candidate for Governor of Rhode Island in 1994. She was the first woman Democratic candidate for governor and the first person to defeat an incumbent governor in a primary in Rhode Island. Ms. York was a state senator from 1991 through 1994. She is an attorney, who is also an officer and director of York Resources, Inc., a family-owned investment company. She moved to Rhode Island in 1974 and joined Rhode Island Legal Services, working as a staff attorney and as Director of the Domestic Relations Unit. From 1978 to 1993, she was engaged in the private practice of estate and tax law. Ms. York is currently on the Board of Directors of Amos House, a soup kitchen and shelter for those most in need, the Nature Conservancy, and the national board of Clean Water Action.


text:
Q: How to make the space under footnotes disappear? How do I make the space under footnotes disappear? And to space over the footnote's bar?

Code:
\documentclass[12pt,french]{report}
\usepackage{mathptmx}
\usepackage{helvet}
\usepackage{courier}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[cp1250]{inputenc}
\usepackage[a4paper]{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,margin=1in,headheight=12pt,headsep=25pt}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\setlength{\parskip}{\medskipamount}
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\usepackage{babel}
\makeatletter
\addto\extrasfrench{%
   \providecommand{\og}{\leavevmode\flqq~}%
   \providecommand{\fg}{\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi~\frqq}%
}
\makeatother
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{pifont}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage[unicode=true,
 bookmarks=true,bookmarksnumbered=true,bookmarksopen=false,
 breaklinks=true,pdfborder={0 0 0},backref=false,colorlinks=false]
 {hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={tito},
 pdfauthor={abc},
 pdfkeywords={kiko}}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\makeatletter
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{longtable}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{4}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{4}
\usepackage{array}
\newcommand{\ts}{\textsuperscript}
\renewcommand\theparagraph{\alph{paragraph}.}
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
                                    {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus.2ex}%
                                    {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
                                    {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
\renewcommand*\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{10em}{2em}}

\def\thickhrulefill{\leavevmode \leaders
\hrule height 1ex \hfill \kern \z@}

\def\@makechapterhead#1{%
\vspace*{10\p@}%
{\parindent \z@
{\reset@font
\usefont{OT1}{phv}{m}{n}
\LARGE Chapitre \thechapter\par\nobreak}%
\par\nobreak
\vspace*{30\p@}
\interlinepenalty\@M
\usefont{OT1}{ptm}{b}{n}
{\raggedright \Huge #1}%
\par\nobreak
\vskip 20\p@
\hrule height 1pt
\par\nobreak
\vskip 45\p@
}}

\def\@makeschapterhead#1{%
\vspace*{10\p@}%
{\parindent \z@
{\raggedleft \reset@font
\scshape \vphantom{\@chapapp{} \thechapter}
\par\nobreak}%
\par\nobreak
\vspace*{30\p@}
\interlinepenalty\@M
\usefont{OT1}{ptm}{b}{n}
{\raggedright \Huge #1}%
\par\nobreak
\par\nobreak
\vskip 45\p@
}}

\lhead{\nouppercase\leftmark}
\chead{}
\rhead{}
\lfoot{}
\cfoot{\thepage}
\rfoot{}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.4pt}

\pretolerance=10000
\hyphenpenalty=10000
\exhyphenpenalty=10000

\AtBeginDocument{
  \def\labelitemi{\Pisymbol{psy}{183}}
  \def\labelitemii{\(\rhd\)}
  \def\labelitemiii{\(\rhd\)}
  \def\labelitemiv{\(\ast\)}
}
\makeatother

\begin{document}
\chapter{Chap}
\lipsum[1]\footnote{\lipsum[1]}
\lipsum[1-8]
\end{document}

A: To assure that the footnote block is placed at the very bottom of the text block, you could add the following instruction to the preamble:
\usepackage[bottom]{footmisc}

A separate issue is the vertical whitespace between the text block and the page number. Given that you're using the geometry package, simply provide a smaller value for footskip -- the current value is 30pt -- to reduce the amount of whitespace.

A: Here is a (distorted) demonstration of the use of the different vertical parameters. It's \footskip that you have to modify. Adapt it to your needs:
        \documentclass[a4paper, twoside, 11pt]{book}
        \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
        \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
        \usepackage{kantlipsum}
        \pagestyle{plain}

        \skip\footins 2cm
        \setlength{\footnotesep}{1cm}
        \setlength{\footskip}{0pt}

        \begin{document}
        \kant{2}\footnote{This is a first footnote.}\footnote{This is a rather lengthy footnote. Just  above the page number. }
        \kant{3}
        \end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Displaying 26 - 50 of 2108 items.
Molecular Epigenetics and Development: Histone Conformations, DNA Methylation and Genomic Imprinting
Introduced by Conrad Hal Waddington in 1942, the concept of epigenetics gave scientists a new paradigm of thought concerning embryonic development, and since then has been widely applied, for instance to inheritable diseases, molecular technologies, and indeed the human genome as a whole. A genome contains an embedded intricate coding template that provides a means of genetic expression from the initial steps of embryonic development until the death of the organism. Within the genome there are two prominent components: coding (exons) and non-coding (introns) sequences.
"Sheep Cloned by Nuclear Transfer from a Cultured Cell Line" (1996), by Keith Campbell, Jim McWhir, William Ritchie, and Ian Wilmut
In 1995 and 1996, researchers at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, cloned mammals for the first time. Keith Campbell, Jim McWhir, William Ritchie, and Ian Wilmut cloned two sheep, Megan and Morag, using sheep embryo cells. The experiments indicated how to reprogram nuclei from differentiated cells to produce live offspring, and that a single population of differentiated cells could produce multiple offspring. They reported their results in the article 'Sheep Cloned by Nuclear Transfer from a Cultured Cell Line' in March 1996.
National Embryo Donation Center
The National Embryo Donation Center (NEDC) is a non-profit organization that was established in 2002 in Knoxville, Tennessee. The organization is endorsed and supported by several Christian-based associations such as the Christian Medical Association, Bethany Christian Services, and Baptist Health Systems. Its goal is to provide embryo donation and embryo adoption services in order to utilize the large number of embryos that are being cryopreserved as a result of infertility procedures and are no longer needed.
The Debate over DNA Replication Before the Meselson-Stahl Experiment (1953–1957)
Between 1953 and 1957, before the Meselson-Stahl experiment verified semi-conservative replication of DNA, scientists debated how DNA replicated. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick proposed that DNA was composed of two helical strands that wound together in a coil. Their model suggested a replication mechanism, later termed semi-conservative replication, in which parental DNA strands separated and served as templates for the replication of new daughter strands.
Sex-determining Region Y in Mammals
The Sex-determining Region Y (Sry in mammals but SRY in humans) is a gene found on Y chromosomes that leads to the development of male phenotypes, such as testes. The Sry gene, located on the short branch of the Y chromosome, initiates male embryonic development in the XY sex determination system. The Sry gene follows the central dogma of molecular biology; the DNA encoding the gene is transcribed into messenger RNA, which then produces a single Sry protein.
The Marine Biological Laboratory
The Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) was founded in 1888 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Woods Hole was already the site for the government 's US Fish Commission Laboratory directed by Spencer Fullerton Baird, and it seemed like the obvious place to add an independent research laboratory that would draw individual scientific investigators along with students and instructors for courses.
"Transplantation of Living Nuclei from Blastula Cells into Enucleated Frogs' Eggs" (1952), by Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King
In 1952 Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King published their article, "Transplantation of Living Nuclei from Blastula Cells into Enucleated Frogs' Eggs," in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the culmination of a series of experiments conducted at the Institute for Cancer Research and Lankenau Hospital Research Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In this paper Briggs and King examined whether nuclei of embryonic cells are differentiated, and by doing so, were the first to conduct a successful nuclear transplantation with amphibian embryos.
"National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement September 22–24, 1980" (1980), by the National Institutes of Health
In 1980 the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the US National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) released a report titled, "National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement September 22–24, 1980." The report lists recommendations for birth delivery through cesarean sections, a surgical procedure used to deliver the fetus via the pregnant woman's abdomen. The recommendations arose from the 1980 Consensus Development Conference on Cesarean Childbirth in Bethesda, Maryland.
"Human Factor IX Transgenic Sheep Produced by Transfer of Nuclei from Transfected Fetal Fibroblasts" (1997), by Angelika E. Schnieke, et al.
In the 1990s, researchers working at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, performed cloning experiments in collaboration with PPL Therapeutics in Roslin, Scotland, on human coagulation factor IX, a protein. The team of scientists used the methods identified during the Dolly experiments to produce transgenic livestock capable of producing milk containing human blood clotting factor IX, which helps to treat a type of hemophilia.
Curt Jacob Stern (1902-1981)
Curt Jacob Stern studied radiation and chromosomes in humans and fruit flies in the United States during the twentieth century. He researched the mechanisms of inheritance and of mitosis, or the process in which the chromosomes in the nucleus of a single cell, called the parent cell, split into identical sets and yield two cells, called daughter cells. Stern worked on the Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly, and he provided early evidence that chromosomes exchange genetic material during cellular reproduction.
Alfred Day Hershey (1908–1997)
During the twentieth century in the United States, Alfred Day Hershey studied phages, or viruses that infect bacteria, and experimentally verified that genes were made of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. Genes are molecular, heritable instructions for how an organism develops. When Hershey started to study phages, scientists did not know if phages contained genes, or whether genes were made of DNA or protein. In 1952, Hershey and his research assistant, Martha Chase, conducted phage experiments that convinced scientists that genes were made of DNA.
The Biological Bulletin
From 1886 to 1889 Charles Otis Whitman was director of the Allis Lake Laboratory in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The lab was established by Edward Phelps Allis, Jr. to provide a place for biological research separate from a university setting and a place where an independent scholar like Allis himself could work. Allis had hired Whitman as an instructor to establish the lab, direct it, and lead a research program there. The lab lasted for eight years, attracted several researchers, and the papers that came out of the lab included a focus on embryology.
An Atlas of Fertilization and Karyokinesis of the Ovum (1895), by Edmund Beecher Wilson
Edmund Beecher Wilson in the US published An Atlas of Fertilization and Karyokinesis of the Ovum (hereafter called An Atlas) in 1895. The book presents photographs by photographer Edward Leaming that capture stages of fertilization, the fusion of sperm and egg and early development of sea urchin (Toxopneustes variegatus) ova, or egg cell. Prior to An Atlas, no one photographed of eggcell division in clear detail. Wilson obtained high quality images of egg cells by cutting the cells into thin sections and preserving them throughout different stages of development.
Subject: Publications, Reproduction
In the Womb: Identical Twins (2009), by National Geographic
National Geographic's documentary In the Womb: Identical Twins focuses on the prenatal development of human identical twins. Director Lorne Townend uses three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound imaging and microscopy to depict twin development , genetic and epigenetic variations in the fetuses, and methods of fetal survival in the confines of the womb. Artist renditions of scientific data fill in areas of development inaccessible to the imaging tools.
Subject: Outreach, Reproduction
Nikolai Ivanovic Vavilov (1887-1943)
Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov proposed theories of plant genetic diversity and participated in the political debate about genetics in Soviet Russia in the early twentieth century. Vavilov collected plant species around the world, building one of the first and most comprehensive seed banks, and he spent much of his life researching plant breeding and genetics. Vavilov also developed a theory of the historical centers of origin of cultivated plants. Vavilov spent most of his scientific career in Russia, although he studied abroad and traveled extensively.
George Washington Corner (1889-1981)
As the third director of the Carnegie Institute of Washington s Department of Embryology, George Washington Corner made a number of contributions to the life sciences as well as to administration. Corner was born on 12 December 1889 in Baltimore, Maryland, near the newly established Johns Hopkins University. Although Corner was not exposed to science much in school at a young age, he developed an early appreciation for science through conversations with his father about geography and by looking through the family's National Geographic magazines.
John Tyler Bonner (1920- )
The establishment and growth of developmental-evolutionary biology owes a great debt to the work of John Tyler Bonner. Bonner's studies of cellular slime molds have shed light on some of the big questions of biology including the origins of multicellularity and the nature of morphogenesis. The second child of Lilly Marguerite Stehli and Paul Bonner, John Tyler was born 12 May 1920 in New York City and spent his early years in Locust Valley, Long Island (late 1920s), France (1930), and London (1932).
In the Womb (2005), by Toby Mcdonald and National Geographic Channel
Written, produced, and directed by Toby Mcdonald, the 2005 National Geographic Channel film In the Womb uses the most recent technology to provide an intricate glimpse into the prenatal world. The technologies used, which include advanced photography, computer graphics, and 4-D ultrasound imaging, help to realistically illustrate the process of development and to answer questions about the rarely seen development of a human being.
The Diversity of Animals: An Evolutionary Study (1962), by Edward Stuart Russell
In 1962 the journal Acta Biotheoretica published the final work of the biologist Edward Stuart Russell, a full eight years after his death. Entitled The Diversity of Animals: an Evolutionary Study, this short, unfinished manuscript on evolution received little recognition in the scientific presses despite both its technical discussion of adaptations in decapods (crabs, shrimp, etc.) and its different approach to evolutionary theory. The precise reason for this neglect is unclear.
John Bertrand Gurdon (1933- )
Sir John Bertrand Gurdon further developed nuclear transplantation, the technique used to clone organisms and to create stem cells, while working in Britain in the second half of the twentieth century. Gurdon's research built on the work of Thomas King and Robert Briggs in the United States, who in 1952 published findings that indicated that scientists could take a nucleus from an early embryonic cell and successfully transfer it into an unfertilized and enucleated egg cell.
Max Ludwig Henning Delbruck (1906–1981)
Max Ludwig Henning Delbrick applied his knowledge of theoretical physics to biological systems such as bacterial viruses called bacteriophages, or phages, and gene replication during the twentieth century in Germany and the US. Delbrück demonstrated that bacteria undergo random genetic mutations to resist phage infections. Those findings linked bacterial genetics to the genetics of higher organisms. In the mid-twentieth century, Delbrück helped start the Phage Group and Phage Course in the US, which further organized phage research.