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Q: Populate ComboBox from code behind to display in MyComboBox I have following in Silverlight xaml:
<UserControl........
<ScrollViewer Grid.Row="2">
        <ListBox x:Name="lbList">
            <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <Grid HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" >
                        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                            <ColumnDefinition Width="auto"/>
                            <ColumnDefinition Width="auto"/>
                        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                        <Image Source="images/Bild1.png" Grid.Column="0"/>
                        <ComboBox Name="MyComboBox" Grid.Column="1"></ComboBox>
                    </Grid>
                </DataTemplate>
            </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
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    </ScrollViewer>
    .............
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And in code behind:
  static Dictionary<string, string> dictDocTypes

which I populate with some Data.
How to show that Data inside the MyComboBox?

A: Way 1
Put loaded event on your combo. In that typecast sender to ComboBox and populate your data in it.
Way 2 (Pure MVVM)
Attach command to event. Read here. Pass self (Combo) in it. In VM command, typecast parameter object to Combo and populate it.

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text:
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Cursus honorum
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The cursus honorum (Latin: "course of offices") was the sequential order of public offices held by aspiring politicians in both the Roman Republic and the early Empire. It was designed for men of senatorial rank. The cursus honorum comprised a mixture of military and political administration posts. Each office had a minimum age for election. There were minimum intervals between holding successive offices and laws forbade repeating an office. These rules were altered and flagrantly ignored in the course of the last century of the Republic. For example, Gaius Marius held consulships for five years in a row between 104 BC and 100 BC. Officially presented as opportunities for public service, the offices often became mere opportunities for self-aggrandizement. The reforms of Lucius Cornelius Sulla required a ten year period between holding another term in the same office.
To have held each office at the youngest possible age (suo anno, "in his year") was considered a great political success, since to miss out on a praetorship at 39 meant that one could not become consul at 42. Cicero expressed extreme pride both in being a novus homo ("new man") who became consul though none of his ancestors had ever served as a consul, and in having become consul "in his year".
1 Military Tribune
2 Quaestor
3 Aediles
4 Praetor
5 Consul
6 Governor
7 Censor
8 Tribune of the Plebs
9 Princeps senatus
10 Dictator and Magister Equitum
Military Tribune
Main article: Military tribune
The cursus honorum began with ten years of military duty in the Roman cavalry (the equites) or in the staff of a general who was a relative or a friend of the family. The ten years of service were intended to be mandatory in order to qualify for political office, but in practice, the rule was not always rigidly applied.
A more prestigious position was that of a military tribune. In the early Roman Republic, 24 men at the age of around 20 were elected by the Tribal Assembly to serve as a commander in the legions, with six tribunes to each and command rotating among them. Tribunes could also be appointed by the consuls or by military commanders in the field as necessary. After the reforms of Gaius Marius in 107 BC, the six tribunes acted as staff officers for the legionary Legatus and were appointed tasks and command of units of troops whenever the need arose.
The following steps of the cursus honorum were achieved by direct election every year.
Main article: quaestor
The first official post was that of quaestor. Candidates had to be at least 30 years old. However, men of patrician rank could subtract two years from this and other minimum age requirements. Such exemptions, however, either were rarely permitted or removed after the reforms of Sulla, since Julius Caesar had been elected a quaestor after turning 30. It was rare that a Roman was elected quaestor in his first year of eligibility; such an election would usually boost the official's standing in Rome.
Twenty quaestors served in the financial administration at Rome or as second-in-command to a governor in the provinces. They could also serve as the paymaster for a legion. A young man who obtained this job was expected to become a very important official. An additional task of all quaestors was the supervision of public games. Also, after the reforms of Sulla in the early 80s BC, election to quaestor brought automatic membership in the Senate, which previously was decided by the censors. As a quaestor, an official was allowed to wear the toga praetexta, but was not escorted by lictors, nor did he possess imperium.
Aediles
Main article: Aedile
At 36 years of age, former quaestors could stand for election to one of the aedile positions. Of these aediles, two were plebeian and two were patrician, with the patrician aediles called Curule Aediles. The plebeian aediles were elected by the Plebeian Council and the curule aediles were either elected by the Tribal Assembly or appointed by the reigning consul. The aediles had administrative responsibilities in Rome. They had to take care of the temples (whence their title, from the Latin aedes, "temple") they organized games and were responsible for the maintenance of the public buildings in Rome. Moreover, they took charge of Rome's water and food supplies; in their capacity as market superintendents, they served sometimes as judges in mercantile affairs.
The Aedile was the supervisor of public works; the words "edifice" and "edification" stem from the title. He oversaw the public works, temples and markets. Therefore the Aediles would have been in some cooperation with the current Censors, who had similar or related duties. Also they oversaw the organization of festivals and games (ludi), which made this a very sought after office for a career minded politician of the late republic, as it was a good means of gaining popularity by staging spectacles.
Curule Aediles were added at a later date in the 4th century BCE, and their duties do not differ substantially from plebeian aediles. However, unlike plebeian aediles, curule aediles were allowed certain symbols of rank—the sella curulis or 'curule chair,' for example—and only patricians could stand for election to curule aedile. This later changed, and both Plebeians and Patricians could stand for Curule Aedileship.
The elections for Curule Aedile were at first alternated between Patricians and Plebeians, until late in the 2nd century BC the practice was abandoned and both classes became free to run during all years.
While part of the cursus honorum, this step was optional and not required to hold future offices. Though the office was usually held after the quaestorship and before the praetorship, there are some cases with former praetors serving as aediles.
Main article: Praetor
After holding either the office of quaestor or aedile, a man of 39 years could run for praetor. The number of Praetors elected varied through history, generally increasing with time. During the republic, six or eight were generally elected each year to serve judicial functions throughout Rome and other governmental responsibilities. In the absence of the Consuls, a Praetor would be given command of the garrison in Rome or in Italy. Also, a Praetor could exercise the functions of the Consuls throughout Rome, but their main function was that of a judge. They would preside over trials involving criminal acts as well as grant court orders or validate "illegal" acts as acts of administering justice. As a Praetor, a magistrate was escorted by six lictors, and owned imperium. After a term as Praetor, the magistrate would serve as a provincial governor in the office of Propraetor, owning Propraetor imperium, commanding the province's legions, and possessing ultimate authority within his province(s).[citation needed] [1]
Of all the Praetors, two were more prestigious than the others. The first was the Praetor Peregrinus, who was the chief judge in trials involving one or more foreigners. The other was the Praetor Urbanus, the chief judicial office in Rome. He had the power to overturn any verdict by any other courts, and served as judge in cases involving criminal charges against provincial governors. The Praetor Urbanus was not allowed to leave the city for more than ten days. If one of these two Praetors was absent from Rome, the other would perform the duties of both.
Main article: Consul
The office of consul was the most prestigious of all, and represented the summit of a successful career. The minimum age was 42 for plebeians and 40 for patricians. Years were identified by the names of the two consuls elected[2] for a particular year; for instance, M. Messalla et M. Pisone consulibus, "in the consulship of Messalla and Piso,"[3] dates an event to 61 BC. Consuls were responsible for the city's political agenda, commanded large-scale armies and controlled important provinces. The consuls served for only a year (a restriction intended to limit the amassing of power by individuals) and could only rule when they agreed, because each consul could veto the other's decision.
The consuls would alternate monthly as the chairman of the Senate. They also were the supreme commanders in the Roman army, with each being granted two legions during their consular year. Consuls also exercised the highest juridical power in the Republic, being the only office with the power to override the decisions of the Praetor Urbanus. Only laws and the decrees of the Senate or the People's assembly limited their powers, and only the veto of a fellow consul or a tribune of the plebs could supersede their decisions.
A consul was escorted by twelve lictors, owned imperium and wore the toga praetexta. Because the consul was the highest executive office within the Republic, they had the power to veto any action or proposal by any other magistrate, save that of the Tribune of the Plebs. After a consulship, a consul was assigned one of the more important provinces and acted as the governor in the same way that a Propraetor did, only owning Proconsular imperium. A second consulship could only be attempted after an interval of 10 years to prevent one man holding too much power.
Main article: Roman Governor
Though not part of the Cursus Honorum, upon completing a term as either Praetor or Consul, an officer was required to serve a term as Propraetor and Proconsul, respectively, in one of Rome's many provinces. These Propraetors and Proconsuls held near autocratic authority within their selected province or provinces. Because each governor held equal imperium to the equivalent magistrate, they were escorted by the same number of lictors (12) and could only be vetoed by a reigning Consul or Praetor. Their abilities to govern were only limited by the decrees of the Senate or the people's assemblies, and the Tribune of the Plebs was unable to veto their acts as long as the governor remained at least a mile outside of Rome.
Main article: Censor (ancient Rome)
After a term as consul, the final step in the Cursus Honorum was the office of censor. This was the only office in the Roman Republic whose term was a period of eighteen months instead of the usual twelve. Censors were elected every five years and although the office held no military imperium, it was considered a great honour. The censors took a regular census of the people and then apportioned the citizens into voting classes on the basis of income and tribal affiliation. The censors enrolled new citizens in tribes and voting classes as well. The censors were also in charge of the membership roll of the Senate, every five years adding new senators who had been elected to the requisite offices. Censors could also remove unworthy members from the Senate. This ability was lost during the dictatorship of Sulla. Censors were also responsible for construction of public buildings and the moral status of the city.
Censors also had financial duties, in that they had to put out to tender projects that were to be financed by the state. Also, the censors were in charge of the leasing out of conquered land for public use and auction. Though this office owned no imperium, meaning no lictors for protection, they were allowed to wear the toga praetexta.
Tribune of the Plebs
Main article: Tribune of the Plebs
The office of Tribune of the Plebs was an important step in the political career of plebeians. The Tribune was an office first created to protect the right of the common man in Roman politics and served as the head of the Plebeian Council. In the mid to late Republic, however, plebeians were often just as, and sometimes more, wealthy and powerful than patricians. Those who held the office were granted sacrosanctity (the right to be legally protected from any physical harm), the power to rescue any plebeian from the hands of a patrician magistrate, and the right to veto any act or proposal of any magistrate, including another tribune of the people and the consuls. The tribune also had the power to exercise capital punishment against any person who interfered in the performance of his duties. The tribunes could even convene a Senate meeting and lay legislation before it and arrest magistrates. Their houses had to remain open for visitors even during the night, and they were not allowed to be more than a day's journey from Rome. Due to their unique power of sacrosanctity, the Tribune had no need for lictors for protection and owned no imperium, nor could they wear the toga praetexta.
Main article: Princeps senatus
Another office not officially a step in the cursus honorum was the princeps senatus, an extremely prestigious office for a patrician. The princeps senatus served as the leader of the Senate and was chosen to serve a five year term by each pair of Censors every five years. Censors could, however, confirm a princeps senatus for a period of another five years. The princeps senatus was chosen from all Patricians who had served as a Consul, with former Censors usually holding the office. The office originally granted the holder the ability to speak first at session on the topic presented by the presiding magistrate, but eventually gained the power to open and close the senate sessions, decide the agenda, decide where the session should take place, impose order and other rules of the session, meet in the name of the senate with embassies of foreign countries, and write in the name of the senate letters and dispatches. This office, like the Tribune, did not own imperium, was not escorted by lictors, and could not wear the toga praetexta.
Dictator and Magister Equitum
Main articles: Roman Dictator and Magister Equitum
Of all the offices within the Roman Republic, none granted as much power and authority as the position of dictator, known as the Master of the People. In times of emergencies, the Senate would declare that a dictator was required, and the current consuls would appoint a dictator. This was the only decision that could not be vetoed by the Tribune of the Plebs. The dictator was the sole exception to the Roman legal principles of having multiple magistrates in the same office and being legally able to be held to answer for actions in office. There could never be more than one dictator at any one time for any reason, and no dictator could ever be held legally responsible for any action during his time in office for any reason.
The dictator was the highest magistrate in degree of imperium and was attended by twenty-four lictors (like the Kings of Rome). Though his term lasted only six months instead of twelve (except for the Dictatorships of Sulla and Caesar), all other magistrates reported to the dictator (except for the tribunes of the plebs - although they could not veto any of the dictator's acts), granting the dictator absolute authority in both civil and military matters throughout the Republic. The Dictator was free from the control of the Senate in all that he did, could execute anyone without a trial for any reason, and could ignore any law in the performance of his duties. The Dictator was the sole magistrate under the Republic that was truly independent in discharging his duties. All of the other offices were extensions of the Senate's executive authority and thus answerable to the Senate. Since the Dictator exercised his own authority, he did not suffer this limitation, which was the cornerstone of the office's power.
When a Dictator entered office, he appointed to serve as his second-in-command a magister equitum, the Master of the Horse, whose office ceased to exist once the Dictator left office. The magister equitum held Praetorian imperium, was attended by six lictors, and was charged with assisting the Dictator in managing the State. When the Dictator was away from Rome, the magister equitum usually remained behind to administer the city. The magister equitum, like the Dictator, had unchallengeable authority in all civil and military affairs, with his decisions only being overturned by the Dictator himself.
The Dictatorship was definitively abolished in 44BC after the assassination of Gaius Julius Caesar.
List of topics related to ancient Rome
Political institutions of Rome
Constitution of the Roman Republic
Roman Senate
^ Jo-Ann Shelton, As the Romans did: a sourcebook in Roman Social History. Second edition. pages 207-215
^ That is, a suffect consul did not give his name to the year.
^ Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.2.1. On the translation of the ablative absolute to define time or circumstances, specifically in designating consular years, see Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar (New York, 1975 revision), section 419a, p. 263, and Hale and Buck, A Latin Grammar (University of Alabama Press, 1903, 1988 printing), section 421, p. 220.
Diagram of the cursus honorum
Livius.org: Cursus honorum
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Cursus Honorum — Monarchie romaine 753 – 509 av. J. C. République romaine 509 – 27 av. J. C. Empire romain 27 av. J. C. – 476 Empire byzantin 395 – 1453 … Wikipédia en Français
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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It is red, with white spots and can grow to be about 5 feet wide.
If it gets scared, it's reds and whites will get very bright to try and scare off predators.
This octopus hunts its prey by wrapping its body around a big piece of coral, and then feeling around with its arms to try and find small fish or other animals that hide out in the coral.
Some other fish like groupers will follow this octopus around to try and catch fish that try to run away when the octopus comes to the coral to hunt.


At Ancora, we act as fiduciary investment advisors for employer-sponsored retirement plans, such as 401(k)s. We often meet with the employees of these retirement plan clients to discuss the benefits of contributing to their plan and encourage them to save for retirement and other life events. In these discussions, we hear a lot of concern from young professionals about the financial burden of paying back student loans. In some cases, these burdens are so great that the employee simply cannot afford to contribute to the retirement plan, possibly missing out on the employer matching contribution that is often a provision of the plan. A recent ruling from the IRS provides some interesting perspective on this problem and one employer's creative way to deal with it.
In this ruling, an employer (later publicly acknowledged to be Abbott Laboratories), asked the IRS for a ruling to approve a new matching contribution structure for their retirement plan. Under this structure, an employee who contributes at least 2% of his or her compensation to the plan would receive a matching contribution equal to 5% of compensation. In addition, and here's what's interesting, an employee who voluntarily participates in a student loan repayment program, and remits 2% or more of compensation toward loan repayment, would also receive the 5% match in the retirement plan. An employee would receive only one company match, even if he or she made contributions to both the 401(k) plan and participated in the student loan repayment program. The IRS approved this structure under very technical rules.
The ruling is called a "Private Letter Ruling," and it applies only to this employer. Another company cannot rely on this letter in adopting a similar structure and would have to seek its own ruling; a time consuming and costly process.
Abbott's simple matching structure made this program easy to comply with the very technical discrimination testing and other rules. Other more complex company matching structures might run afoul of these rules.
The key takeaway is that there may be new ways for employers to encourage their employees to repay student loans and to still reap a benefit through the employer's retirement plan. A number of retirement plan advisor trade groups have contacted the IRS urging them to issue a broader ruling, applicable to all retirement plans, that provides guidance on how a program like this can be implemented.
Stay tuned for more information. Of course, please let us know if you would like more information about Ancora's retirement plan advisory services.


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Charging station in Hamburg on the final straight!
The 1.2 MW megastatation from Ekoenergetyka-Polska has been delivered to Hamburg and the work on the commissioning of the entire infrastructure is in progress. The depot area is being gradually modernised so that soon the electricity from the powerful station will flow through the wires and power the first electric buses!
Megacontract – Megastation
Last year, Ekoenergetyka-Polska signed a contract with Verkehrsbetriebe Hamburg-Holstein, one of the largest public transport operators in Germany. The 8-year framework agreement provides for the delivery of a charging station for electric buses with a total capacity of more than 7 MW. The implementation of the charging infrastructure is one of the stages of an ambitious plan for the total electrification of the rolling stock in Hamburg by 2030.
Station transport
The first step in the implementation of this agreement was the production of 1.2 MW station. At the end of March we informed about the successful completion of internal tests of the charger. Then the station, which was enclosed in concrete casing and weighed almost 30 tons, was loaded with cranes and delivered by a special oversized transport to Hamburg.
Satellite connection
There, after it had been laid on foundations and assembly work, it was connected to the transformer station. Its power of 1.2 MW consists of 4 blocks with a power of 300 kW, each of which can charge 4 buses at the same time. In order to be able to load 16 buses at the same time, it was necessary to install and connect specially designed satellites. This stage has already been completed – 8 red distributors with the Ekoenergetyka-Posla logo already stand on the depot square in Hamburg.
Testing, acceptance and … next deliveries
When the construction works at the depot are completed, the first tests of the operator's electric bus chargers will be carried out. After passing the tests and technical acceptance, the station will be officially launched and the first buses powered by the infrastructure of the Polish manufacturer will go to the streets of Hamburg.
The delivery of further 1.2 MW megastations for Hamburg is planned for September 2019 and 2020.
Charging megastation 1,2 MW ready!
We have completed another exceptional project. This time it is unique mainly because of its power and size. Successfully passed the tests of a charging station with a power of 1.2 MW! This giant can charge up to 16 electric buses at the same time! This is the largest station produced in the history of the company.
Megastation for Hamburg
This charging station was built for one of the largest public transport operators in Germany, Verkehrsbetriebe Hamburg-Holstein. This is the first of two blocks to be delivered to Hamburg in 2019.
Mega-casing made of concrete
Not only is the power of this charger unique, but also its casing. The power of 1.2 MW was enclosed in a concrete container, which was specially ordered and weighs almost 25,000 kg. And when the heart of the charging station is topped up with cables, contactors and power modules, it weighs almost 30,000 kg. The transport of this weight will therefore be a major logistical challenge, and powerful cranes will be required to unload it.
Mega-power – 1.2 MW
The 1.2 MW unit is divided into 4 modules with a capacity of 300 kW. To each of them are connected 2 satellites, each of which has two charging outputs. This means that the power of 300 kW can be distributed between 4 charging points and can power 4 buses at the same time.
Intelligent power management system
The infrastructure has an intelligent management system that allows you to make the most of its power. If two electric buses are connected to the station, 150 kW is transferred from the 300 kW module to each of them. When three vehicles are charged, two of them are powered by 75 kW and one by 150 kW. If 4 electric buses are connected at the same time, each bus receives 75 kW each.


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Double Ties To The Rising
Above: Frances Bradshaw's grandfather James Pepper during the rising with Medal.
Given the patriotic surge that has encapsulated the nation regarding the 1916 Easter Rising, it comes as no surprise that family ties to the aforementioned events will come into focus.
Irishtown local Frances Bradshaw is no exception to this, although she might well be considered a rare case on this topic given the fact that she had not one, but two grandfathers who took part in the Easter Rising.
Frances was kind enough to invite NewsFour to her home to discuss her family's robust association to the moment that changed Ireland's destiny forever and gave us a fascinating look at their service records and the medals they were honoured with.
Her grandfather James Pepper was formerly of George Reynolds House, Irishtown. He was a mere 15 years old when the Rising broke out. Due to his youthful appearance and diminutive stature, people took very little notice of him when he took on his role as a messenger and as a runner under Éamon de Valera in the battle of Boland's Mill, as he relayed messages between the various garrisons.
James Pepper originally hailed from Mount Street, and lived on Seapoint Terrace, Irishtown after he had married his wife. He went on to become more heavily involved in the Irish Civil War and Frances says that, in the aftermath of an amnesty declared on the prohibition of firearms post-Civil War, he took the step of burying two of his own weapons in a lead box in the area where UCD now stands. Was this box containing two remarkable pieces of Irish history ever discovered? We simply do not know.
Daniel Canny was Frances's grandfather and her mother's father. Grandfather Canny was also present on the fateful day of the Croke Park massacre in 1920 and Frances recounted the moment when he saved the life of a young boy.
"I used to sit on his bed in his house on North George's Street," Frances told NewsFour. "And he would tell me how the British came in with their artillery and how he saved a young boy and that the only way he could save him was by jumping on him."
Frances also provided us with Dan Canny's biography from his Roll of Honour. Dan Canny was born in 1885 in Tulla, County Clare. He was employed as a barman in O'Meara's Public House, 70 North Strand Road in 1916, and after the Rising he also owned two pubs on Capel Street.
He was a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood and also of C. Company, 2nd Battalion, Dublin Brigade. On Easter Monday he joined the Volunteers and Irish Citizen Army men under the command of Tom Craven and Vincent Poole that occupied the Vitriol Works, located between Ballybough Bridge and Annesley Bridge.
Dan Canny arrived with his group at the GPO on Tuesday evening and he was assigned to the Metropole Hotel, subject to orders from Lieutenant Oscar Traynor. It was here that he was tasked with boring through the walls of adjacent buildings.
From Wednesday, his position became very precarious as the Hotel was then exposed to heavy artillery and sniper fire, while he spent his Thursday keeping rifles ready for marksman Harry Boland, while the roof was absolutely enveloped in flames. They were then forced to retreat to the GPO on Friday, and after that building's subsequent evacuation, he helped in boring through the walls of the houses of Moore Street.
While under the command of Sean McLoughlin, he was part of the faction that was ready to charge the British Army barricades at Parnell Street, shortly before surrendering. Dan Canny was then among the first to be deported to Knutsford Prison in Cheshire, England and was then interned in Frongoch until July 26th 1916.
"It was actually my grandfather's duty to blow up Nelson's Pillar!" Frances told NewsFour. "But he was in charge of guarding the explosives. He bombed his way through to Jervis Street Hospital to bring the injured there."
In 1917, Canny rejoined C. Company, 2nd Battalion and later transferred to D. Company, 2nd Battalion, Dublin Brigade. Like James Pepper, he also fought in the War of Independence and was indeed present in the crowd during the horrors of Bloody Sunday. He fought on the Republican side during the Civil War.
He was also something of a hurling fanatic and was even a founding member of the Young Irelands Hurling Club in 1923, where he upheld the position of club secretary for 26 years. He passed away on April 15th 1967 and was buried in Glasnevin Cemetery like so many other Irish heroes.
Dan Canny and his brother Joseph are also to be honoured in their native Clare with a commemorative plaque towards the end of April or beginning of May.
Above: The Certificate awarded for his services during the War of Independence.
The ties to the Rising have become entrenched in Frances's family throughout the years. She also said to NewsFour, "when my Mum and Dad married, they bought a house in Irishtown. After my Mum died, my Dad went to live in Spain, where my father had a great love of Spain and Spanish culture, and died in January 2016. He was so looking forward to the centennial anniversary of the 1916 Rising."
By Craig Kinsella
On April 8, 2016 / Culture, Memory Lane / Comments


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The experience of mesothelioma in Northern England
Clayson, Helen (2007) The experience of mesothelioma in Northern England. M.D. thesis, University of Sheffield.
Mesothelioma is a potentially preventable fatal disease causing almost 2000 deaths/year in the UK, increasing in incidence, and lacking effective treatments. 'The Experience of Mesothelioma in Northern England' is a community-based, mixed methods, case study in four parts, conducted in Barrow-in-Furness, Leeds and Doncaster. The study investigates the experience of pleural mesothelioma for patients and their families, and for healthcare professionals and service providers. Mesothelioma is experienced as a devastating disease that carries a severe burden in physical, psychological, and social domains. Breathlessness, usually due to recurrent pleural effusions, and/or pain occur in >90% cases and may be refractory. Psychosocial aspects relate to causation, latency, rapid decline in health, helplessness regarding severe symptoms, and impending death. The erratic trajectory is unusual in malignancy. Disease burden is high in terms of multiple invasive investigations and emergency admissions and is reflected in service usage: 2 or 3 hospital admissions, 5 outpatient appointments and 11 GP consultations, 4 of these at home, occurred on average in the last year of life. Median survival was 294 days and 45% died in hospital, 30% in hospice, and 14% at home. Patients tend to react with stoicism and patients (and relatives) adopt a 'coping narrative' which may prevent timely access to supportive services. Bereaved relatives' emotional accounts reflect witnessing severe suffering, express anger and blame around the potentially avoidable asbestos exposure, and present the deaths due to mesothelioma as 'mass murder'. State benefits and civil compensation procedures, and the Coroner's investigation, create additional distress. Severe bereavement reactions have features of 'tragic grief'. In spite of the severe symptom burden, less than half of the patients were referred to palliative care and there was no systematic approach to care and support of either patients or their relatives. The study has implications for research and service provision.
DR Helen Clayson
Filename: Clayson,_Helen.pdf
Description: thesis


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Reviewed by Herb Levy
(Eggertspiele/Rio Grande Games, 2-6 players, ages 12 and up, about 2-3 hours; $59.99)
As the saying goes: "Borrow a dollar and the bank owns you, borrow a million dollars and you own the bank!" If you change "bank" to "nation", you'll have a pretty good idea of what is going on in Imperial, the newest design from Mac Gerdts.
Imperial charts the fortunes of the major European powers as they existed before World War I. Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, England, Germany and Russia are represented here. The game comes with lots of wooden pieces representing factories (used for all countries) and color-coded armies, fleets, tax chips and markers for each nation in the game, money, bonds for each Great Power, an Investor card and an historical booklet as well as a mounted mapboard, reminiscent of the old Diplomacy boards, as it depicts pre-1914 Europe. Also found on the board is the standard scoring track on the perimeter but more importantly, a "Counting chart", "Tax chart" and the rondel.
All powers place a marker on the starting positions on the Counting chart, Tax chart and rondel and all begin with two factories (placed in designated positions in their home territories). The bonds of each nation are placed by that nation's treasury. Players get some money to start (the amount differing based on the number of players) and a starting supply of bonds are distributed. (Distribution varies. In the standard game, the flags of the Great Powers are randomly distributed thus determining who has purchased the first bonds of the game. In a variant for experienced players, players begin with a bigger bankroll and, in turn, have a chance to purchase bonds in any or all of the Great Powers.) Money used to purchase bonds of a country go into that nation's treasury. Funds there are kept separate from a player's.
The player who has purchased the highest value of the bonds of a country is considered to control that government and will make the moves of that nation as long as he maintains control. Turn order is fixed with Austria-Hungary going first (followed by Italy, France, England, Germany and Russia). The Investor card is given to the player sitting to the left of the player holding the Austria-Hungary flag. (If play begins with the Austria-Hungary flag not in play, then the player left of the holder of the flag of Italy receives the Investor card.) Moves of a nation are chosen using the rondel.
As in Antike, Gerdts' previous design (and featured in the Winter 2006 GA REPORT), actions are determined by a rondel. The pawn of a country circles the rondel and, upon landing on a space (or passing it in the case of the Investor space), a nation performs specified actions. There are 8 spaces on the rondel presenting 6 possible actions which include Factory, Production (2 of these), Import, Maneuver (2 of these), Investor and Taxation. (A nation's token moves in a clockwise manner around the rondel and may move ahead up to three spaces for free. Up to three move spaces may be moved on the same turn for a fee of $2 million per space.) How a nation takes advantage of these actions, thereby benefiting their investors, is the crux of the game.
The six actions include:
Factory – For a cost of $5 million, a nation may build a factory (to produce fleets or armies on subsequent turns) on an available area in its home territory.
Production – Active factories of a nation produce one military unit (a fleet or army, depending on type of factory) at no cost.
Import – A nation may purchase up to three military units at a cost of $1 million each.
Maneuver – This action is done in three parts.
First, all fleets of a nation may move into an adjacent sea zone. If moving into a zone occupied by another nation's fleets, a battle may ensue (if at least one of the nations declares it). Battles are decided on a one to one basis, that is, equal numbers of fleets are removed until only one nation's fleets remain in the area.
Now, armies may move to an adjacent region. Armies may also be transported by ships (in a convoy) as in Diplomacy, "hopping" from ship to ship until reaching a land zone. (Armies also benefit from "railroad transport" which, in effect, allows any army to move for free anywhere within the home zones of a nation – as long as a zone is not blocked by an enemy force entering that zone – and THEN make its regular move.) Army battles are resolved on the same 1 to 1 basis as fleets. In addition, three armies in an enemy zone containing a factory can DESTROY the factory. Those armies and the factory are then removed from the board.
The final phase of Maneuver is placing tax chips. A tax chip is placed in any newly occupied land or sea region outside of the home areas of any of the Great Powers (and, of course, neutral Switzerland). More on these later.
Investor – This action enables you to flex some economic muscle and also consists of several phases. First, interest is paid. Each player owning bonds of that particular power gets paid the interest specified on the bond from that nation's treasury. (If not enough money is in the treasury, the player who currently controls that nation's government must pay out the shortfall!) Phase 2 activates the Investor card. The player with the Investor card gets $2 million from the bank and may now invest by buying or upgrading a bond in ANY nation. Phase 3 allows any player who does NOT control any nation to now purchase a bond in any nation. After phase 3, bond distribution is checked to see if control of a nation has changed (causing a shift in who determines a power's moves) and ownership of the Investor card shifts, clockwise, to the next player.
Taxation – Time to replenish the treasury. A nation receives $2 million for each factory (not occupied by an enemy power) plus $1 million for each tax chip they have placed on the board. The total is charted on the tax chart track. If the total rises, the player who controls the government can expect to receive a monetary bonus for his good work. But it's not all getting money, there are payouts too. Nations have to pay their "soldiers" to the tune of $1 million for each army and fleet in action (deducted from its tax revenue). Finally, power points are awarded to the nation (as shown on the Tax chart) and plotted on the Counting chart. Once any nation has reached 25 power points, the game ends and we score.
Victory Points are calculated based on a simple formula. As a nation accrues power points, its "credit factor" increases. Players multiply the interest paid to them by their bonds by the credit factor of the nation (a factor from 0 to 5). For example, a player having bonds paying interest of $5 million in a country with a credit factor of 3 would score 15 Victory Points for those holdings. To those totals is added a player's cash on hand with each million equivalent to 1 VP. The player with the highest total score is victorious!
The role of the investor in this game is an unusual one so it may take a little longer to wrap your brain around it but that's what makes Imperial so interesting and different. Players do not represent countries in the standard sense. They only control a country if, as INVESTORS, they have the greatest investment in it. Just as a smart investor on Wall Street will diversify his portfolio so, too, will the smart player in Imperial diversify, be flexible and invest in several countries so the vagaries of fortune as empires wax and wane will not decimate his interests. Here too, you need to evaluate carefully. If you spread your investments too thin, you will find that you will be unable to claim control of a Major Power, leaving you to the whims and mercies of other players as they direct a power's fortunes. It is true that no control of a nation can pay investment benefits and can be a path to victory but that path is like a tightrope. You might make it to the other side successfully but that takes a very good sense of balance as one false step can send you crashing down! (As a matter of fact, the problem of being without control of a nation and, because of that, being strapped for funds, has been addressed with a variant from the designer himself. He suggests that if a player has no flag, he may, each time the Investor card is triggered, either invest in a nation of his choice as usual OR take 1 million cash from the bank. This way, the power-less player is assured of at least some positive cash flow leaving him in a less vulnerable position. Yet another variant is offered in the game as well where the Investor card is simply not used at all!)
When directing a power, you find yourself searching for the best avenues to exploit your growth. Unlike standard wargames (or even Gerdt's own Antike which tends to slide into a wargame framework as players attempt to get that final Victory card for the win), a declaration of war against another power is only one of several possibilities to pursue and not, necessarily, the best or most advantageous. In fact, you have to resist the temptation to play this as a wargame since building armies and fleets impacts negatively on a power's tax revenue. For this reason, official and unofficial alliances tend to spring up as players poise to spread influence without incurring enmity which can hinder growth and progress for both antagonists (especially if players have significant investments in these particular powers), making a sense of "statesmanship" nearly as important as economic savvy in investments.
Turn of the 20th century politics is turned on its head as the powers behind the throne call the shots and maneuver empires, an unusual and fascinating perspective cleverly combining economic power with Imperial ambitions. While the game certainly works with the rules as written, suggested variants allow players to suit the game to their tastes, keeping the character of the game intact without losing the thrill of international power politics. Recommended. – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Herb Levy


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For all your holidays or vacations, above are some stakeholders that can primarily reserve travel and accommodation arrangements for you and your family. They can be in charge of your flight, journey from airport to hotel, and arrange mind blowing tours for you. We make your search for tour operators in Namibia easy and convinient.
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How can you help us financially?
We are a not for profit organization and we need both economic and "hands on" help to fulfill our goal and develop the platform.
In the coming months we will launch a crowd funding campaign on Kickstarter. Collective financing is a collaborative way to finance projects.
It is important to know that your contribution will not be debited from your account until our financial goal has been reached within the given time limit; meaning you will not lose your money if the goal is not reached.
and with a donation of 30 € or more, you will receive a gift for having helped us!


Leesa bed mattress is made in the United States. The mattress is well designed. The engineering involves three layers of superior quality foams. The topmost layer is Avena foam. It is two inches thick and is mostly accountable for two qualities of the mattress. Avena foam contributes to the cooling impact to guarantee the mattress does not retain any temperature, hence permitting a great night's sleep. The foam also adds to the bounce that the majority of people like. The upper layer is firm enough to ensure steadiness however the bouncy feel makes one conveniently lay on the bed mattress without sinking in. The second layer is the two inches of memory foam. This layer primarily relieves all the pressure of the bodyweight. This is quintessential to ensure even circulation of bodyweight so the sleeper does not feel any pressure point. Pressure relief as well as weight distribution naturally contribute to body contouring. It is this layer that ensures the sleeper is oversleeping a comfy posture and has no discomfort whatsoever. The 3rd or the bottom layer is six inches base foam. This is for strength, stability, core support and toughness.
Every Leesa bed mattress has what the business calls Universal Adaptive Feel. It is a trademarked innovation that guarantees individuals of all sizes and with different sleeping choices will discover equivalent comfort while utilizing the mattress. The top two layers have the capability to conform to the weight, size and sleeping preference of an individual or of a couple. The base layer is thick and strong enough to supply the core support required for the two top layers to deliver this level of personalization or flexibility. Nevertheless, the Leesa mattress can not be corresponded with the Helix bed mattress which is actually customized based on inputs from the specific or couple through a Sleep Quiz.
Leesa bed mattress includes hundred nights of threat free trial. There is complimentary shipping and returns. The business contributes one mattress for every ten sold in the country. As you explore Leesa evaluations, you would observe that the mattress is one the more expensive side but it is also a soft and supportive mattress compared with a lot of its competitors. Leesa mattress doesn't have the sinking in problem. It doesn't have the getting too hot issue. It is proper for those who lay on their back, side or stomach. Leesa bed mattress is available in the 6 standard sizes including Twin that weighs 45 lbs, Twin XL which weighs 48 lbs, Full weighing 56 pounds, Queen weighing 71 pounds, King weighing 90 lbs and California King weighing 92 pounds. The ten inches thick Leesa bed mattress is on the lighter end of the spectrum when you compare it with the closest competitors. Leesa bed mattress is CertiPUR-US ® accredited. It is made without any product or process that triggers ozone exhaustion, there is no PBDE flame retardant or lead, mercury or other heavy metal, there is no formaldehyde, phthalates and it complies with the low volatile organic substance emissions standard, which is less than 0.5 parts per million for the acceptable quality of indoor air. There is a 10 year minimal service warranty.
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Home / Murdo Coyote / Legalization Votes Bring Worries of Increased Youth Marijuana Use, But Evidence Remains Murky
Legalization Votes Bring Worries of Increased Youth Marijuana Use, But Evidence Remains Murky
By Nick Lowrey, South Dakota News Watch
One major concern of South Dakotans who opposed legalization of medical and recreational marijuana was that it could lead to an epidemic of youth use of the drug.
Drug-abuse prevention advocates and law enforcement officials said greater availability of marijuana would almost certainly lead to an increase of use among children and teens whose brains are still developing.
Despite their concerns, however, research conducted by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health has not found an increase in the regular use of marijuana among youths in Oregon, Washington or Colorado, the states where marijuana legalization has been most extensively studied.
Colorado, for example, has a lower overall youth marijuana use rate than the U.S. as a whole. And in all three states, as in the rest of the U.S., there has been a long-term decline in the regular use of marijuana among youths.
Those statistics provide little comfort, however, for those in South Dakota who are on the front lines of the battle to prevent drug abuse by youth.
Marijuana use is associated with poorer performance in school, increased risk for mental health disorders and other negative behavior outcomes for youth, said Maureen Murray, director of mental health and prevention services at Youth and Family Services in Rapid City.
"It is concerning because legalization makes people think that using marijuana is safe and doesn't have consequences, and teens don't need to to hear that," Murray said. "We have very significant concerns with teens."
South Dakota voters approved statewide ballots measures on Nov. 3 that have set the stage for legalization of both medicinal and recreational marijuana in July. Marijuana would be legal only for those 21 and over. South Dakota was one of four new states to legalize recreational marijuana on Nov. 3, bringing the total to 15. Medical marijuana will soon be legal in 36 states.
Regular marijuana use is defined in surveys as respondents having used the drug at least once during the 30 days before they took the survey. Research has shown that regular and heavy use of marijuana among teens carries the most risk for long-term negative effects.
National surveys such as the biennial Youth Risk Behavior Survey have shown small declines in the number of youths regularly using both marijuana and alcohol over the past decade. South Dakota has generally followed the national trend, with surveys showing a decline in regular youth marijuana use from 17.8% of youths surveyed in 2011 compared to only 16.5% in 2019.
Colorado, where recreational marijuana has been legal since 2014, also has seen declines in youth marijuana use. From 2011 to 2019, the youth use rate dropped from 22% in 2011 to 20.1% in 2019. Prevention experts say national and state education programs and prevention efforts have played a big role in declines in youth marijuana use.
Concerns over marijuana legalization among the South Dakota drug-abuse prevention community range from worries over use by motorists to the potential for women to harm children by using marijuana while pregnant or breastfeeding, said Darcy Jensen, executive director of Prairie View Prevention Services. Jensen is a licensed addiction counselor and a leader of the Coalition for a Drug Free South Dakota.
Members of the coalition met Nov. 12 to begin planning a response to marijuana legalization, Jensen said. Though reform was badly needed in how marijuana and other drug use has been treated by the criminal justice system, full legalization of marijuana was not the best way to fix those problems and may lead to new issues, Jensen said.
"I don't know that this was a place that I would want South Dakota to be in, but we are, so we need to find ways to counter it, and continue to provide positive prevention education," Jensen said.
Legalizing marijuana causes causes new social and health problems, Jensen said, citing reports from Colorado showing that the number of traffic fatalities in which a driver tested positive for marijuana increased from 18% in 2013 to 32% in 2017.
Meanwhile, the rate of marijuana-related hospitalizations has risen sharply from an average of 1,440 per 100,000 hospitalizations annually from 2010 to 2013 to 3,517 last year. But perhaps most concerning, Jensen said, was that the number of suicide victims found to have marijuana in their bloodstreams increased.
A closer look at Colorado data reveals a nuanced, inconclusive picture of marijuana legalization. In 2018 the state Department of Public Safety published a comprehensive report on impacts of marijuana legalization. The report shows that while Colorado has seen an increase in its number of traffic fatalities, eight states with similar populations and traffic patterns that had not legalized marijuana also saw similar increases in traffic deaths. Pinning the rise in Colorado traffic deaths solely on marijuana legalization was not possible, the report said.
Furthermore, Colorado's rising number of marijuana-related hospitalizations might have been influenced by changes in how hospitals track diagnoses. The healthcare industry in 2015 updated the diagnosis codes used for billing, creating many new coding categories. More codes meant doctors had more options to indicate whether they believe a patient had been using marijuana prior to being hospitalized, the 2018 Colorado public safety report said.
Suicide rates in Colorado have increased less only slightly, from 19.7% in 2012 to 20.5% in 2016. The rate of Colorado suicide victims testing positive for marijuana has nearly doubled from 11.8% in 2012 to 22.3% in 2016. Nationally, about 22.4% of suicide victims tested positive for marijuana in 2016, data that includes states where marijuana is not legal, according to a 2018 CDC report.
Still, experts studying youth marijuana use and the effects of marijuana on brain development say that South Dakota's drug-abuse prevention advocates are right to be concerned about legalization. While there does not appear to have been sharp increases in the number of children and teens using marijuana in states that have legalized, legalization remains a relatively new concept and longitudinal studies are few.
Data show increase in
adult pot use
Little evidence exists to show that legalizing marijuana for medical purposes causes an increase in youth use of the drug. There also is little evidence, so far, that legalizing marijuana for recreational use leads to an increase in the overall number of children smoking or otherwise ingesting the drug. Instead, research shows adult use typically rises with legalization.
"Once medical cannabis laws or medical marijuana laws are enacted, we usually see increases in use in adults ages 26 and older. But we don't see any increases in use among adolescents, which is good," said Dr. Silvia Martins, director of the Substance Use Epidemiology Unit at Columbia University. "Regarding recreational legalization of cannabis, most of the research has shown that increases in use is mainly among adults."
A September 2019 report from the National Institutes of Health found that Colorado has seen no increase in the number of adolescents using marijuana since legalization for adults 21 and over in 2014. The biennial Youth Risk Behavior Survey found that in 2019, Colorado's estimated rate of youth marijuana use of 20.1% was lower than the national rate of 21.7%.
An October 2019 report from the CDC found that marijuana use among students in 10th and 12th grades in Washington state did not significantly change from the year 2000 to 2016. For students in 8th grade, the regular marijuana use rate fell by half, from 12% in 2000 to 6% in 2016. In Washington, legal sales of recreational marijuana began in 2014.
Still, researchers such as Martins caution that there has not been enough research into how legalizing recreational use of marijuana affects youth drug use to draw major conclusions.
At most, researchers have only had a few years of data to study, Martins said. Most of the data on population-wide youth marijuana use come from anonymous surveys of students administered in schools such as the Youth Risk Behaviors Survey. States conduct the survey in schools during odd-numbered years, and its results are reported to the CDC. Public health officials use the survey to monitor such things as drug and alcohol abuse among adolescents.
In Colorado, there have only been two Youth Risk Behavior Surveys conducted since legal sales of recreational marijuana began, one in 2017 and one in 2019.
Another potential factor in youth marijuana use is how children growing up watching their parents and other adults use marijuana will view the drug. Parents can have a strong influence on their childrens' choices, said Magdalena Cerda, director of the Center for Opioid Epidemiology and Policy at New York University's Grossman School of Medicine.
"Previous studies have found that if your parents use drugs, then the likelihood of you using drugs is going to be higher," Cerda said. "Whether that is because you think it is more acceptable, or it is because drugs are more available to you, or because of something else entirely, is relatively unclear. But I would say that is a concern."
Another 10 years could pass before the normalizing effect of legalizing marijuana shows up in surveys of high school students, she said.
Researchers have identified some troubling trends among youths who regularly use marijuana. A few studies have found increases in Cannabis Use Disorder among youths who regularly use marijuana in states that have legalized recreational sales of the drug, Cerda said. Cannabis Use Disorder is generally diagnosed when someone can't quit using despite trying, starts having trouble at work or school due to marijuana use, or gives up doing social activities due to use of marijuana.
"That is obviously a concern because dependence on cannabis actually has an effect on your life, on your interactions with others and on your work," Cerda said. "Essentially, a cannabis addiction, particularly for adolescents, can have long-term effects."
Concerns remain over
long-range impacts
Marijuana use has been associated with an increase in a person's risk for developing a mental health disorder, said J. Cobb Scott, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. There also is evidence that using marijuana can lead to psychotic episodes in people who already have schizophrenia. Psychotic episodes can lead to involuntary hospitalization, homelessness or suicide, Scott said.
One significant risk of marijuana use is in youths and young adults who potentially are at risk of schizophrenia or depression, said Scott, who has spent years researching how marijuana use affects brain function and mental health.
But just because someone who has mental illness has a history of marijuana use doesn't mean the drug caused the illness, Scott said. Researchers have attempted to prove marijuana use causes mental illness but have had mixed results.
A 2019 study of how marijuana use contributed to the prevalence of psychosis in adults in Europe, published in the medical journal The Lancet, found that people using high potency marijuana every day were five times more likely to develop psychosis than people who didn't use the drug. But a 2016 study of data collected by the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions found no link between marijuana use and mental health disorders.
"There's evidence both ways right now," Scott said. "And what we don't have is a lot of epidemiological evidence. We have seen increased use of cannabis over the last 15 years or so, but we don't have the hugely increased rates of psychosis that you might expect if that relationship were really strongly causal."
Part of the difficulty in pinning down whether or not marijuana can cause psychosis is that most of the research into how marijuana affects people has been observational. Researchers have essentially had to wait for people to start using the drug on their own before marijuana's effect on them can be studied. Because researchers are not controlling who uses the drug or how much they're using, and are often not recording their subjects' medical histories or IQ levels before they start using marijuana, it can be hard to know for sure the significance of the drug's impacts.
Drawing conclusions from observational research requires large sample sizes being studied over several years, Scott said.
Some of the best evidence of marijuana's effect on brain development and mental health comes from a study conducted in New Zealand. In the study, researchers followed more than 1,000 people from the age of eight until they turned 38.
The New Zealand researchers found that subjects who developed an addiction to marijuana and began using it heavily before turning 18 and remained addicted to the drug for many years lost an average of six Intelligence Quotient points. People who started using marijuana as adults did not lose any IQ points, the study found.
An ongoing study being conducted by the U.S. National Institutes of Health, called the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, should give scientists a much better understanding of how marijuana affects young brains. The study will follow more 10,000 children aged 9 and 10 for a decade. Researchers will collect information on the children using brain scans, genetic and psychological tests, academic records and surveys. The study began in 2015.
One area where there is strong evidence of marijuana's effects on people is cognitive function, or how well a person's brain works. Many studies have shown that frequent cannabis use can impact cognitive functioning in specific areas, including memory and behavior, Scott said. Marijuana's cognitive effects, though, tend to wear off fairly quickly after someone quits using the drug.
"A couple of larger studies have shown that heavy use starting before the age of 18, and going on pretty consistently for a number of years, may cause long term changes in cognitive functioning. But that is a very small group of people," Scott said.
Still, South Dakotans should be concerned about marijuana use among teenagers, Scott said. There are too many unknowns about the drug's effect on brain development. Studies of rats, for example, have shown that marijuana can affect the development of important parts of the brain such as the hippocampus which plays a significant role in learning and memory.
"We know that the brain continues to develop through the teenage years and into the mid-20s," Scott said. "And we know that any psychoactive substance like cannabis can potentially affect brain development."


text:
Updated on: 11 February 2015
Guidance on grammar, language and spelling.
Words to watch
Words not to use
Addresses and telephone numbers
Statistical language
Using capital letters
Using spellcheckers
UK, Great Britain and Ireland
References and sources
Sex is biological (male or female) while gender has connotations of upbringing and choice (feminine or masculine). People can choose which gender to be, irrespective of their biological sex.
Always use the word "sex" except for the following:
specifically discussing people's gender (social construct) as opposed to their sex (biological)
you are reporting on a survey that specifically asked about "gender" rather than "sex"
commonly used and recognised terms, such as "gender pay gap"
There are two sexes that children can be born into: male and female.
The "gender pay gap" has decreased over the last 5 years.
Man or men and woman or women
A population made up of only adult males should be described as "men". If it includes children, use "males". If it is only children, use "boys".
The over-18 football team was a group of men.
The football team was a group of males.
The under-10s football team was a group of boys.
A population that is made up of adult women only should be described as "women". If it includes children, use "females". If it is children only, use "girls".
The over-18 football team was a group of women.
The football team was a group of females.
The under-10s football team was a group of girls.


text:
By Derrick Broze @dbrozelivefree
On Friday July 22, U.S. District Judge Phyllis Hamilton issued a 17-page ruling which found the practice of placing recording devices on the steps of courthouses in Oakland and Martinez, California to be "unsettling," but not in violation of the Fourth Amendment. The four defendants in the federal criminal fraud case are accused of rigging real estate bids throughout Alameda and Contra Costa Counties.
In an attempt to eavesdrop on the conversations of the defendants, the Federal Bureau of Investigations placed microphones in a light fixture on the steps of the Almeda County Courthouse and just outside the Contra Costa County Courthouse, among other locations. The information gathered from the conversations was then used as evidence in grand jury proceedings.
The defense called the secret recordings a violation of Fourth Amendment protections against illegal search and seizure and asked for the evidence to be suppressed. Judge Hamilton ruled that the four defendants did not have a reasonable expectation of privacy when speaking in public about the alleged fraud.
"While the court agrees with defendants that it is at the very least unsettling that the government would plant listening devices on the courthouse steps given the personal nature of many of the conversations in which people exiting the courthouse might be engaged, it is equally unrealistic for anyone to believe that open public behavior including conversations can be private given that there are video cameras on many street corners, storefronts and front porches, and in the hand of nearly every person who owns a smartphone," Hamilton wrote in her ruling.
The four defendants, Michael Marr, Gregory Casorso, Javier Sanchez and Victor Marr, are accused of conspiring to restrain competition by agreeing not to compete with one another during auctions for foreclosed properties and then splitting the proceeds or taking place in private secondary auctions known as "rounds."
The defense team attempted to argue that the men were huddled together speaking in hushed tones, indicating a significant effort to keep their conversations private. Judge Hamilton disagreed, noting that the recording devices did not amplify the sound and that all four men can be heard discussing their plan in normal voices and even shouting over a jackhammer at one point.
"Privacy advocates are concerned the ruling could establish a precedent allowing law enforcement to eavesdrop on attorneys and clients discussing aspects of their cases outside the courtroom," Courthouse News writes. Despite the privacy worries, Judge Hamilton assured the court that, "It is unlikely, and certainly unreasonable, for attorneys to risk breaching their confidential communications with clients by discussing sensitive matters out in the open, in conversational tones, in front of a public forum such as a courthouse."
Still, there is reason to be concerned about the government installing hidden recording devices in public. As with other surveillance tools like the Stingray cellphone surveillance, once the feds are caught they drop the evidence so they do not have to offer an explanation. If law enforcement is not even willing to legally use these tools and provide valid reasoning to justify the use of invasive tools, what is the point of spending millions of dollars on surveillance equipment?
This article may be freely reposted in part or in full with author attribution and source link.
Federal Bureau of Investigations
hidden recording devices
Phyllis Hamilton
Kidnapping Dissent: The Whitmer Plot and the End of Freedom
Guaido Representative Threatens FBI Investigation Into Journalists Exposing Her Dealings
FBI Documents Hint at Israeli Collusion with 2016 Trump Campaign


text:
Casual Dining Group (CDG), formerly Tragus Group, operated 250 restaurants in the United Kingdom. CDG operated restaurants primarily under the Bella Italia, Café Rouge, and Las Iguanas names. It also operates sites under the Belgo, Huxleys, Oriel Grande Brasserie and La Salle brands. The company was backed by investors including KKR and Pemberton Capital Advisors.

In mid-May 2020, CDG warned its chains were at risk of going into administration but was later in talks with "multiple parties" about a sale of the business. On 2 July 2020, it was announced that the company had been placed into administration, with 91 outlets set to close with the loss of 1,900 jobs.

History

Tragus Group
Tragus Holdings was formed in 2002 when Whitbread sold-off 153 failing restaurants from its Pelican and BrightReasons divisions, shortly after writing their value down by £147m. At the time, the two restaurant divisions comprised the Café Rouge, Bella Pasta, Mamma Amalfi, Abbaye, Leadenhall Wine Bar and Oriel brands.

A £25m management buy-in by Tragus Holdings was funded by £11m from venture capitalist speculators ECI Partners. Tragus Holdings was led by chief executive Finlay Scott, formerly head of the Aroma Café chain and Whitecross Dental Care. The team included Gavin Williams, managing director of Bella Pasta, and Harry Morley, former finance director of Whitecross Dental Care.

In January 2005, Tragus' directors sold the company to Legal & General for £90m-£95m. The sale made them around £18m profit. The chairman, discredited former LSE CEO Gavin Casey, received £2m. Legal & General installed a new management team which included appointing new chief executive Graham Turner (formerly managing director of the Unique Pub Company).

In December 2006, Tragus was bought by Blackstone Group for £267m. By that time, the business had grown to 163 restaurants. In September 2006 it had also announced plans for a new restaurant concept - Huxley's Bar & Kitchen – to open in the new Heathrow Terminal 5 in March 2008.

The group expanded rapidly in 2007 with the purchase of Ma Potters restaurant company in February for £14.15m, and the Strada chain - which included five Belgo and Bierodrome restaurants - in May for £140m. In July, Tragus signed a deal with Center Parcs to operate several Bella Italia and Café Rouge restaurants in the leisure village operator's UK sites.

In April 2012 it was announced that Graham Turner would step down as Tragus chief executive. John Derkach, formerly managing director of the Costa Coffee chain took up the position in August 2012.

In early 2014, Blackstone's stake in Tragus was acquired by US investor Apollo Global Management, and, in June 2014, Apollo sought to shed or restructure some of Tragus Group's rent obligations at Cafe Rouge and Bella Italia, and to sell its Strada chain. In September 2014, Tragus sold Strada to Sun Capital Partners.

Casual Dining Group

In March 2015, Tragus Holdings rebranded as Casual Dining Group (CDG). In July 2015, CDG acquired Las Iguanas and later went on to purchase La Tasca. CDG also opened concessions including Bella Italia, Café Rouge and Las Iguanas restaurants at Centre Parcs villages, and in UK airports, including Gatwick, Heathrow, Jersey and Inverness.

However, efforts to close loss-making outlets and stem group losses continued through to 2018. Also in 2018, Apollo sold its stake in the group to KKR and Pemberton Capital Advisors (the two had provided loan finance since 2015). Some La Tasca restaurants were converted to other brands, and the remaining four La Tasca restaurants were sold in February 2020.

On 18 May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, CDG announced that it was working with advisors on next steps for the business as a prudent measure to protect the company whilst planning for the future. Media reports suggested the group was preparing to place one of its three core brands into administration as part of a financial restructuring of the business. On 29 May, CDG was reportedly in talks with "multiple parties", including other restaurant groups and private equity firms, over a sale of the business, potentially saving 6,000 jobs.

On 2 July 2020, it was announced that the company had been placed into administration, with 91 outlets set to close, with the loss of 1,900 jobs, leaving the group with 159 operational restaurants. They appointed AlixPartners to deal with the administration and said that the 91 outlets would be permanently shut as no buyers were offering to acquire them.

The Big Table
On 3 August 2020, it was announced that Casual Dining Group, including the Las Iguanas, Bella Italia and Café Rouge restaurants, had been acquired out of administration by private equity firm Epiris and rebranded as The Big Table, led by the existing management team under CEO James Spragg.

Brands

CDG operates restaurants under the Bella Italia (100+ restaurants in the UK), Café Rouge (60+) and Las Iguanas names.  It also operated sites under the Belgo, Huxleys (1, airport), Oriel Grande Brasserie (3, airports), DUBL (1, airport) and La Salle brands.

Social responsibility
CDG claimed to emphasise corporate social responsibility practices. It reduced its energy consumption by 17% from 2012 to 2016, and had a partnership with The Prince's Trust charity.

Some CDG brands ranked highly for seafood sustainability (within their class). All whole eggs sourced by the company for its kitchens were free-range together with eggs used as ingredients for sauces and pasta. In 2016, in partnership with Compassion in World Farming, CDG said it aimed to use solely free-range eggs as ingredients by 2025. In 2019, CDG signed up to the European Chicken Commitment to improve chicken welfare.

CDG had a partnership with UK charity FareShare to redistribute food that would go to waste to people in need instead.

Controversy
In 2009 Tragus was the subject of newspaper reports highlighting the practice of several UK restaurant chains using customer tips to meet minimum wage laws for waiters/waitresses. The company's business model was said to depend on paying servers as little as £2.50 an hour, with the rest coming as tips.  The company reportedly instructed restaurant managers to pressure servers to avoid encouraging customers to give tips in cash, which would not count as part of wages, and was threatening to sack employees who failed to produce a sufficient volume of card-based gratuities. They were discovered (via "mystery diners") informing customers of the company's policy. When the practice became unlawful on 1 October 2009, Tragus reviewed and updated its policies to ensure that all tips, after a 10% deduction for administrative and other costs paid by credit or debit card, were distributed through the payroll system to restaurant staff via a Tronc system.

In 2020, Casual Dining Group policy was that all customer cash tips and service charges were kept by restaurant employees in full.

Notes and references

Companies that have entered administration in the United Kingdom
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts companies
Privately held companies of the United Kingdom
Restaurant groups in the United Kingdom
2014 establishments in England

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
ŠKODA KAROQ SCOUT
ŠKODA KAROQ SCOUT comes with four-wheel drive as standard in addition to sporting a powerful off-road look.
Fully equipped for off-road driving
The ŠKODA KAROQ feels just as much at home in the big city as it does off the beaten track. In numerous variants, the model can meet the needs of every customer – from the young family to lovers of the great outdoors. Just as the OCTAVIA SCOUT and the KODIAQ SCOUT, the latest addition to the SCOUT family offers four-wheel drive as standard. In addition, the powerful off-road design emphasizes the model's optimized off-road potential. With its rough terrain package, the ŠKODA KAROQ SCOUT is fully prepared for demanding trips where tarmac roads end.
Robust elements highlight the off-road character
With its chrome and silver-coloured bodywork elements, striking wheel arch linings and anthracite, polished 18-inch 'Braga' alloy wheels, the ŠKODA KAROQ SCOUT sports a robust appearance. As an option, ŠKODA also offers anthracite 19-inch 'Crater' alloy wheels. Tinted windows and SCOUT logos on the front mudguards round off the powerful look. In the interior, the seats feature newly designed covers with black-brown contrasting seams. All seats are embroidered with SCOUT lettering. The multifunction leather steering wheel, pedals with stainless steel elements and an LED package that includes ambient lighting complete the extensive range of standard equipment.
Efficient, high-performance engines and all-wheel drive
As the only variant of the compact SUV available exclusively with all-wheel drive, ŠKODA offers three efficient and environmentally friendly engines for the KAROQ SCOUT. In addition to a 1.5 TSI petrol engine with 110 kW (150 hp) in combination with a 7-speed DSG, two diesel engines are also available: The 2.0 TDI with 110 kW (150 hp) comes with a manual 6-speed gearbox as standard; a 7-speed DSG is available as an option. In the most powerful ŠKODA KAROQ SCOUT, the 2.0 TDI delivers 140 kW (190 hp) and is coupled with a 7-speed DSG as standard.
Virtual Cockpit and other smart features
Drivers can individually configure the ŠKODA KAROQ SCOUT's Virtual Cockpit according to their needs. The driving mode selection offers an off-road setting. Thanks to an LTE module and Wi-Fi hotspot, passengers in the ŠKODA KAROQ are 'always online'.
A true ŠKODA, the KAROQ SCOUT boasts numerous 'Simply Clever' ideas and storage options. The optional electric boot lid with tip-to-close function opens and closes at the push of a button or by pulling gently on the open lid; on request, the virtual pedal under the rear bumper allows the fifth door to be opened with a simple foot motion. ŠKODA offers a variable floor for the boot. Storage nets on the front seats and centre console make everyday driving easier, as does the compartment for small change and carpark tokens on the driver's side, as well as a holder for multimedia devices.
ŠKODA is expanding the ŠKODA KAROQ series: With the new ŠKODA KAROQ SCOUT, the Czech car manufacturer will be presenting an even more robust variant of the popular compact SUV series in October at the Paris Motor Show 2018.


Machine presses glass bowl . With lovely flower deco . More designs are available .
1. Best quality glass fish bowl. 2. We have more than hundreds of different models.
Qingdao Kred Corp. Ltd./Kred Light Industrial Products Co., Ltd.
Hebei Gaoding Technology Co., Ltd.


Charles Linglet leads the Falcons in scoring this season.
General Manager Steve Tambellini announced today the Edmonton Oilers have agreed to terms with forward Charles Linglet on a one-year contract.
Linglet, 27, will join the team on their current road trip in Dallas, Texas and is expected to play in his first career NHL game Friday night when the Oilers take on the Stars.
The 6'2, 210-pound Montreal, Quebec native is leading the Springfield Falcons in scoring this season with 74 points (19G, 55A) in 75 games and is 5th overall in AHL scoring.
Edmonton Oilers hockey is presented in part by the Rexall Family of Pharmacies, Molson Canadian, ATB Financial, TELUS, Cenovus Energy and Ford.


text:
Q: apply border image around a large image how can I apply a border-image around a large image?
HTML

CSS
.demo img{      border-image: url("http://i.imgur.com/SpwDTIy.png") 6 6 6 6;
border-image-width: 5px;
border-style: solid;
}

I am trying this but not working.
Fiddle here.
EDIT:
If you check this , the lower part of my border-image is not showing up. With padding:15px It isn't working either.

A: I've added some of the images from google and it worked for me.
.demo img{
    border: 10px solid transparent;
    border-image: url("https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRoorWzCXfyuLKQ8cUOMPZE9Jh9sxqxv9U1bt8y0AlaQet-7dei") 6 6 6 6;
}

jsfiddle here.

A: .demo img{
border: 10px solid transparent;
padding: 15px;
-webkit-border-image: url("http://www.clipartbest.com/cliparts/LTK/pdM/LTKpdMnAc.png") 30 round; /* Safari 3.1-5 */
-o-border-image: url("http://www.clipartbest.com/cliparts/LTK/pdM/LTKpdMnAc.png") 30 round; /* Opera 11-12.1 */
border-image: url("http://www.clipartbest.com/cliparts/LTK/pdM/LTKpdMnAc.png") 30 round;

}
JSfiddle updated for you
Also bear in mind IE10 downawards has no support to this rule whatsoever. CanIuse

A: The correct syntax is as belows
#borderimg {
    border: 10px solid transparent;
    padding: 15px;
    -webkit-border-image: url(border.png) 30 round; /* Safari */
    -o-border-image: url(border.png) 30 round; /* Chrome */
    border-image: url(border.png) 30 round;
}

Reference: http://www.w3schools.com/css/css3_border_images.asp

A: With your border image:
body {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #4776E6 10%, #8E54E9 90%);
}
.demo img {
    border-image: url('http://i.imgur.com/SpwDTIy.png') 6 6 6 6;
    margin: 100px;
    border-width: 10px;
    border-image-slice: 1;
}

FIDDLE


text:
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When it comes to making big decisions in life, all of us want to know God's direction. But what happens when we pray and don't hear an answer or the path seems confusing and overwhelming? Help! How Do I Know God's Will? is a portable, practical book that offers creative, real-life suggestions for discerning God's will and remaining open when his answers are different from what we might expect.
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Go from reading the Bible because you should…
…to reading it because you want to.
Help! How Do I Read the Bible? strips away complicated study lessons and theological lingo common in Bible-reading guides and reveals a simpler truth: Reading the Bible is about discovering God's heart. When we know why we're reading and who we're reading about, the how falls naturally into place.
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A good prayer life isn't about how you pray.
It's about who you're praying to.
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College & Young Adult (3)
Mikal Keefer (3)


text:
Q: R - SQLDF issue with special characters I'm having an issue running sqldf in R and special characters.
Here is a small detail of the code I'm running to give you an idea of what's going on:
First I read my data from an excel sheet (using R's xlsx package), the method xlsx2 seems to get the data correctly and characters seem to be showing special characters such as 'Ñ'
verif_oblig <- try(read.xlsx2("My computer/Filename.xlsx", sheetName = 'VERIF_OBLIG'))
if("try-error" %in% class(verif_oblig))
  verif_oblig <- Empty()

Then I start running my sql query using sqldf and the resulting table seems to replace Ñ characters for Ñ. Here's the query:
verif_oblig_v2 <- sqldf("
  select
  a.*,
  case when b.Estado is null then 'NO GENERADO'
  else b.Estado end as ESTADO,
  case when resultado_operacion in ('EXITO','CORRECTO')
  then 'EXITO'
  else 'SIN EXITO'
  end as RESULTADO_ACTUAL
  from
  verif_oblig a left join fin2016 b
  on
  a.CUPS = b.CUPS_Largo and a.DIVISION = b.DIVISION")

Can anyone help me find a solution for this?
Thank you very much

A: I ended up solving it by simply replacing the characters that were bugging after the sql query using gsub like this:
clear_errors <- function(table, campo){
table <- as.data.frame(table)
table[,campo] <- c(gsub("Ã'","Ñ",c(tabla_entrada[,campo])))
table[,campo]<- c(gsub("é","é",c(tabla_entrada[,campo])))
table[,campo]<- c(gsub("ó", "ó",c(tabla_entrada[,campo])))
table[,campo] <- c(gsub("ú","ú",c(tabla_entrada[,campo])))
table[,campo] <- c(gsub("ñ","ñ",c(tabla_entrada[,campo])))
table[,campo] <- c(gsub("Ã","í",c(tabla_entrada[,campo])))
table[,campo] <- c(gsub("O","A",c(tabla_entrada[,campo])))
return(table)

}
It isn't the most elegant solution but it works.
I think the issue happens because xlsx formats characters as factors and probably uses a different encoding than sqldf does for them. If someone can find out exactly what's going on I'd very much appreciate it (just out of curiosity)