text:
require 'spec_helper'

describe Messenger do
  let!(:postman)  { mock(Postman) }
  let(:messenger) { Messenger.new postman, tenant }
  let(:active_project) { tenant.active_project }
  let(:tenant) { Tenant.current }

  describe "used as class" do
    it "creates an instance with a postman and the current tenant and fires the message" do
      Messenger.any_instance.should_receive(:new_organizer).with('organizer')
      Messenger.new_organizer('organizer')
    end
  end

  describe "notify_new_organizer" do
    prepare_scope :tenant
    let!(:person) { FactoryGirl.build :person }
    let(:notification_emails) { tenant.notification_emails }

    it "delivers notification emails " do
      postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:organizer_confirmation, person, tenant.active_project)
      postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:notify_new_registration, tenant.notification_emails, person, tenant.active_project, :organizer)
      messenger.new_organizer(person)
    end

    context "without email notification list" do
      before do
        postman.stub(:deliver)
        tenant.notification_emails = ''
      end
      it "does not send a notification to the empty mailing list" do
        postman.should_not_receive(:deliver).with(:notify_new_registration, tenant.notification_emails, person, tenant.active_project, :organizer)
        messenger.new_organizer(person)
      end
    end
  end

  describe "notify new tenant" do
    prepare_scope :tenant
    let(:new_tenant) { FactoryGirl.create :tenant }

    it "first coordinator account is not nil" do
      new_tenant.coordinator_accounts.first.should_not be_nil
    end

    it "delivers an account confirmation and a tenant_creation confirmation to the first coordinator" do
      postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:tenant_creation, new_tenant)
      postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:coordinator_confirmation, new_tenant.coordinator_accounts.first)
      messenger.new_tenant(new_tenant)
    end

    describe "notify completed migration" do
      attr_reader :organizers, :coordinators
      before do
        for_tenant new_tenant do
          @organizers = [FactoryGirl.create(:organizer), FactoryGirl.create(:organizer)]
          @coordinators = new_tenant.coordinator_accounts + [FactoryGirl.create(:coordinator_account)]
        end
      end
      it "delivers a nofification to the coordinators and organizers" do
        for_tenant new_tenant do
          postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:migration_completed_for_organizer, @organizers[0].person)
          postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:migration_completed_for_organizer, @organizers[1].person)
          postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:migration_completed_for_coordinator, @coordinators[0])
          postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:migration_completed_for_coordinator, @coordinators[1])
        end
        messenger.migration_completed(new_tenant)
      end
    end

  end

  describe "conversation registration messages" do
    let!(:organizer) { FactoryGirl.create :organizer }
    let!(:location) { FactoryGirl.create :location, organizer: organizer }
    let!(:conversation) { FactoryGirl.create :conversation, location: location }
    let(:person) { FactoryGirl.create :person }

    describe "notify new participant" do
      prepare_scope :tenant

      it "has notification emails" do
        tenant.notification_emails.should_not be_empty
      end
      it "confirms participant and notifies organizer" do
        postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:new_participant, organizer, person, conversation)
        postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:participant_confirmation, person, active_project)
        postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:notify_new_registration, tenant.notification_emails, person, tenant.active_project, :participant)
        messenger.new_participant(person, conversation)
      end

      context "without email notification list" do
        before do
          tenant.notification_emails = ''
        end
        it "does not send a notification to the empty mailing list" do
          postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:new_participant, organizer, person, conversation)
          postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:participant_confirmation, person, active_project)
          messenger.new_participant(person, conversation)
        end
      end
    end

    describe "notify new participant ambition" do
      prepare_scope :tenant

      it "confirms participant " do
        postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:participant_confirmation, person, active_project)
        postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:notify_new_registration, tenant.notification_emails, person, tenant.active_project, :participant_ambition)
        messenger.new_participant_ambition(person)
      end

      context "without email notification list" do
        before do
          tenant.notification_emails = ''
        end
        it "does not send a notification to the empty mailing list" do
          postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:participant_confirmation, person, active_project)
          messenger.new_participant_ambition(person)
        end
      end

    end

    describe "notify new conversation leader" do
      prepare_scope :tenant

      it "confirms conversation_leader and notifies organizer" do
        postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:new_conversation_leader, organizer, person, conversation)
        postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:conversation_leader_confirmation, person, active_project)
        postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:notify_new_registration, tenant.notification_emails, person, tenant.active_project, :conversation_leader)
        messenger.new_conversation_leader(person, conversation)
      end

      context "without email notification list" do
        before do
          tenant.notification_emails = ''
        end
        it "does not send a notification to the empty mailing list" do
          postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:new_conversation_leader, organizer, person, conversation)
          postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:conversation_leader_confirmation, person, active_project)
          messenger.new_conversation_leader(person, conversation)
        end
      end
    end

    describe "notify new conversation leader ambition" do
      prepare_scope :tenant

      it "confirms conversation_leader" do
        postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:conversation_leader_confirmation, person, active_project)
        postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:notify_new_registration, tenant.notification_emails, person, tenant.active_project, :conversation_leader_ambition)
        messenger.new_conversation_leader_ambition(person)
      end

      context "without email notification list" do
        before do
          tenant.notification_emails = ''
        end
        it "does not send a notification to the empty mailing list" do
          postman.should_receive(:deliver).with(:conversation_leader_confirmation, person, active_project)
          messenger.new_conversation_leader_ambition(person)
        end
      end
    end
  end

end

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Lucy Hale on "Pretty Little Liars": "It Is Ending"
NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO.
Lucy Hale appeared on The Late Late Show With James Corden, where James wrestled her into repeating some sad news. Lucy revealed that the show is coming to an end.
"It is ending," she confirmed. "I know, it's crazy. Well, we've been doing it for six years. I've literally spent my twenties on the show and I think all good things must come to an end. Who knows what could happen? I love that show, I love the people I work with, it's really fun, it's the best job in the world, I count my blessings every day. I can't believe I get to wake up and do that."
Avid PLL fans will remember that this isn't the first time Lucy said the show would end. Back in 2014, she said, "Seven seasons will definitely end the show." Then in December, show creator I. Marlene King said she'd like the series to end with season 7.
Lucy also talked to James about her vision for the series finale.
"I used to say I wanted the show to end walking away into the sunset, living an A-free life, no drama, right? But I don't. I want it to end really tragically," she said.
It's really starting to look like season 7 is the end. Our tears are approximately as deep as Ali's old grave.
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A Part of Hearst Digital Media Seventeen participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites.

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Alex Haley's Malcolm X: "The Malcolm X I Knew" and Notecards from The Autobiography of Malcolm X
by Amy E. Earhart
"The Malcolm X. I Knew"
Handwritten Notes
Typewritten Notes
Alex Haley's "The Malcolm X I Knew" and Notecards from The Autobiography of Malcolm X
As a subject specialist in African American literature and a digital humanist, I am dismayed by the dearth of scholarly edited, digitized contemporary African American literary texts. Even extremely visible figures are not well represented by digital scholarly materials, a fact not fully excused by the difficulties of digitizing post-1923 authors due to copyright restrictions. For example, Alex Haley, who brought African American history to the larger American public through Roots, has no scholarly digital site dedicated to his work, with his main digital representation resting with the Kunta Kinte-Alex Haley Foundation website, which focuses on African American genealogy, and the Alex Haley Tribute Site, a fan site that compiles portions of Haley's works.[1] Of course, Haley's case might be exacerbated due to accusations of plagiarism leveled against Roots; both Margaret Walker and Harold Courlander brought lawsuits against Haley claiming that he had plagiarized their work. Courlander's 1978 suit was successful and proved that eighty-one passages from Roots were copied from Courlander's 1967 book, The African, which subsequently led to decreased scholarly interest in Haley.[2] Malcolm X's work is also largely undocumented, though notable exceptions include Abdul Alkalimat's Malcolm website, the most comprehensive digital scholarly resource to date. Online since 1999, the site provides videos, timeline, selected texts, and a comprehensive bibliography.[3] Additional materials related to Malcolm X appeared online when Manning Marable began to write Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention and launched a support website. Now titled The Malcolm X Project at Columbia University, the site shares a varied group of historical and contemporary materials. The site developers also plan to launch a multimedia edition of The Autobiography of Malcolm X, a much needed project.
Because Haley and Malcolm X are critical figures in twentieth-century literature and history, scholars should be invested in the digitization of their primary texts. This edition represents my attempt to intervene in the African American digital canon and to provide a broader set of open-source, scholarly edited, primary materials than previously available. Focused on Haley's Malcolm X work, this set of materials includes an unexamined essay that Haley published shortly after X's death, titled "The Malcolm X I Knew," and notes, forty-one handwritten and thirty-two typed, that were compiled by Haley as he wrote The Autobiography. The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, houses the primary repositories of Haley work related to The Autobiography: the Alex Haley Papers and the Anne Romaine Papers. Anne Romaine was appointed by Haley to be his biographer, and her papers include substantial information that documents the interaction between X and Haley according to Manning Marable, who used the Romaine Papers extensively for his recent biography of Malcolm X.[4] While the Romaine Papers offer some insight into Haley's work and are accessible to scholars, the Haley Papers held at the University of Tennessee are notoriously difficult to access, requiring researchers to gain permission from the trustee governing Haley's work for each item of interest. Therefore, the open access release of even some of the materials that Haley used while writing his important work on X, such as the attached notes, adds substantially to scholarly knowledge.
Manuscript and Publication Information
The typed manuscript of the essay and the handwritten and typed notecards from which these materials are transcribed are housed in the Alex Haley Papers held by Cushing Library, Special Collections, at Texas A&M University. During the year and a half of interviews conducted by Haley to gain information for the book, both Haley and Malcolm X would jot down notes on scrap paper, Haley in green ink and X in red.[5] Haley collected the scribbles, transcribed them into typed and written notes, and eventually pieced together the notes to write The Autobiography of Malcolm X, published in November 1965, nine months after X's death. A portion of Haley's typed and handwritten notes are included in this edition. From the contents listed on this set of notecards, and the telltale green ink, it appears that the notes were written by Haley during interviews conducted during the last six to twelve months of X's life. The related essay that is included was originally published by Saga magazine in November 1965, the same month The Autobiography was published. Saga was a pulp men's magazine published by New York's Gambi Publications from 1950 until 1981, and in 1963 it had a circulation of 280,647. A men's adventure magazine similar to other pulps of the same period, including Adventure, Real, and True, Saga focused on lurid tales of sex and adventure targeted at working-class men. For example, Saga's submission call in the July 1964 Writer's Digest described the magazine as "principally interested in strong-action picture-stories on non-war adventure themes; man against nature, man against beast, man against man. We try to stress the 'man triumphant' idea whenever possible."[6] Articles such as "Confessions of an Auto Spy," "How Sex Can Take You to the Top," and "Love Among the Beach Boys" are contained in the same volume as Haley's essay along with drawings of scantily clad women and ads promising to remedy baldness. The larger pulp fiction context in which Saga resides is a rich area of study but beyond the purview of this essay. There is no indication that scholars are aware of the essay or the small holding of notecards at Texas A&M University, as even Manning's carefully researched recent biography, Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention, does not reference these materials. It is not clear when Haley contracted with Saga to publish the essay "The Malcolm X I Knew," but we do know that Haley was in severe financial distress prior to the publication of The Autobiography and was looking to quickly publish materials to increase his cash flow.[7] According to Marable, Haley was slow to produce a finished draft of The Autobiography and failed to meet his publisher's deadline of the 1964 presidential election. X's break from the Nation of Islam further delayed completion of the volume.[8] In constant contact with Doubleday, Haley reassured the publisher that the book would not only be complete but would sell. Marable believes that Doubleday, careful to protect their financial investment in the book, was heavily involved with Haley's decision to remove certain controversial statements from the text. Lawyers for Doubleday vetted the materials that Haley submitted, striking and reworking sections deemed problematic, concerned about the potential for libel lawsuits.[9] Regardless of Haley's attempts to shape the text in a way that Doubleday would approve, the publisher dropped the contract after Malcolm X's death. As David Remnick notes, "The publisher, Nelson Doubleday, fearing for the lives of his staff, cancelled his deal with Haley," leaving Haley in an even more precarious financial situation.[10] During this same period Haley mined the text for the Saturday Evening Post story on Malcolm X entitled "I'm Talking to You White Man." Given his Post story and his financial distress, it wouldn't be surprising if Haley mined the volume for another one-off publication in Saga, a publication that suggests a quick turnaround as the quality of editing in the magazine is poor, with misspellings of Malcolm X's name common ("Malcom"). The published version in Saga is dissimilar to the longer manuscript reproduced in this edition. The final print version of the essay has been heavily cut and is about half the size of the original, with the first seven pages of the manuscript almost entirely missing from the published version. Some stories are included in both documents, including X's boxing match and the encounter with a train porter. Left out of the final document are the more controversial Malcolm X statements, including his take on education, Jews, and race, surprising given Saga's propensity to use the lurid to spur sales. What is of question, though, is why Haley dropped the controversial segments. One would hope to find records of such discussions with the editor of Saga, Al Silverman. However, the Silverman Archive, housed at the New York Public Library, has revealed no correspondence between Haley and Silverman. While I have not been able to reproduce the published version of the Saga text due to copyright restrictions, the manuscript version should provide new information for scholars interested in Malcolm X and Haley's impact on his legacy.
Cover of November 1965 Saga magazine.
Malcolm X and Alex Haley
It is my hope that the materials here published will prove useful to the interpretation of the complicated relationship between Haley and Malcolm X. Critics from Arnold Rampersad to William Andrews have questioned Haley's political agenda and the shaping of X's representation in The Autobiography.[11] Marable has cautioned that The Autobiography was "more Haley's than its author's: because Malcolm died in February 1965, he had no opportunity to revise major elements of what would become known as his political testament." As a "liberal Republican, Haley held the Nation of Islam's racial separatism and religious extremism in contempt, but he was fascinated by the tortured tale of Malcolm's personal life."[12] Haley was not alone in attempting to control the representation of X. Malcolm X himself was invested in reinvention. He "continuously and astutely refashioned his outward image, artfully redesigning his public style and even language, to facilitate overtures to different people in varied contexts."[13]
Alex Haley first met Malcolm X when he was interviewing him for a March 1960 Reader's Digest article, "Mr. Muhammad Speaks." The first meeting of the two men would presage the gulf in understanding that would define their relationship. Haley reported that when he initially met Malcolm X, X noted, "You're another one of the white man's tools sent to spy!"[14] Haley, recently retired after twenty years in the U.S. Coast Guard, was an aspiring writer. X was the increasingly popular and visible New York minister of the Lost-Found Nation of Islam, a black militant pseudo-Islamic religious group. The two men could not have held more divergent political views. Regardless, Haley continued to focus on X in articles published in the Saturday Evening Post and Playboy, eventually approaching Malcolm X about a coauthored autobiography. With Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad's permission, X met with Haley for multiple interviews, developing a working relationship that lasted until X's death. In addition to The Autobiography, Haley would publish several essays on Malcolm X over the course of his literary career, including "The Malcolm X I Knew" and a 1983 Essence magazine article titled "Alex Haley Remembers Malcolm." Haley's interest in X seems to have been as a promising research subject that would generate popular interest and, by extension, publishing contracts for Haley. From X's critique of the pacifist Civil Rights Movement to his infamous "chickens coming home to roost" comment after John F. Kennedy's assassination, Malcolm X proved a visible, controversial, and popular subject. Regardless of the way in which their relationship began, they would share much during the two years that they worked together. In part, their relationship seems to be spurred by X's difficult break from the Nation of Islam in 1964 and subsequent encounter with Islam during his Hajj, his life-changing pilgrimage to Mecca. Even if the two men didn't see eye to eye, Malcolm X shared his experiences with Haley during this crucial period, sending postcards and letters to Haley when X was on his trip to Mecca. In fact, almost every night of X's trip abroad, Betty Shabazz, X's wife, would call Alex Haley to learn of her husband's travels.[15] While Haley would call Malcolm X a friend in the essay here published, it is not clear if X ever felt the same about Haley. The best indication we have of his feelings toward Haley is a late-night call when X declared that he trusted Haley 70 percent.[16] The essay and notes provide additional textual evidence that should aid scholars in their examination of the complicated relationship between the men.
Interpretive Gaps
Ever in debate with The Autobiography is the control that Haley asserted on the narrative. For example, Garrett A. Felber argues that much of the final shape of the book is contrary to Malcolm X's wishes, particularly the introduction and epilogue.[17] William Andrews's "Editing 'Minority' Texts" reveals a complicated evolution of the text, noting that the "epilogue more than hinted at interesting tensions, and perhaps even pivotal struggles for control of the text, between the writer and the subject of Malcolm's memoir."[18] Andrews goes on to situate the "as told to" approach of The Autobiography within the context of "a well-established tradition in African American autobiography."[19] Other scholars including Manning Marable and John Edgar Wideman are very critical of Haley's role in the text creation, viewing the final document as presenting a sanitized version of X's radicalism. The notes provide valuable clues to the construction of The Autobiography, crucially important because we now know that three chapters penned by Malcolm X titled "The Negro," "The End of Christianity," and "Twenty Million Black Muslims" were removed prior to publication. Selections of the missing materials have been read in public and portions of the manuscripts have been briefly viewed by a handful of scholars, but no scholar has read the chapters in their entirety. It is unclear if the chapters will ever be released due to copyright and ownership issues. One of the great mysteries of the missing chapters is X's political agenda post-Mecca. Marable notes: "It seemed rather odd that there's only a fleeting reference to the OAAU (The Organization of Afro-American Unity) inside of the book that's supposed to be his political testament. And I wondered about this. And it seemed like something was missing. Well, as a matter of fact, there is: three chapters. And those three chapters really represent a kind of political testament that are outlined by Malcolm X."[20] Yet the OAAU is not absent from the notes that Haley took during his interviews. Other notes are equally revealing. While there is only one documented case of Malcolm X supporting labor unions—a 1962 hospital worker strike—one note indicates that X thought unions had the potential to create change. Note 54 records that Malcolm X thought that if Martin Luther King "could have had the attitude of the labor leaders, what changes he could have wrought. Now they sit down at bargain as equals. Back in the 30s, before Roosevelt, looked upon as scum, radicals, anarchists. Now they are respectable. Labor Building today in Washington overlooks the White House." Notecard 80 mentions the M1 carbine that Malcolm X was famously pictured with in a 1964 issue of Ebony magazine. Interpreted as a sign of X's militancy, the note reveals that X had "instructed (his) wife to use" the gun to defend their home from possible attack. The notes also reference passages in The Autobiography. For example, Haley recounts one interview session during which X "was gesturing with his passport in his hand; he saw that I was trying to read its perforated number and suddenly he thrust the passport toward me, his neck flushed reddish: 'Get the number straight, but it won't be anything the white devil doesn't already know. He issued me the passport.'"[21] The passport number is recorded in Haley's hand on notecard 37. As scholars work with the notes, other such gems will emerge, and we will have a better sense of the creation of the final text.
This project grew out of an English/Africana Studies undergraduate course in which I was interested in embedding a hands-on digital project. I am interested in developing new models of student participation in digital humanities research and textual recovery and this project is my first experiment in so doing. The course examined the digitization of a wide set of Africana cultural materials and considered crucial issues of representation, ownership, and access. As the students engaged with the materials, they recognized that Africana materials are underrepresented in the digital literary canon. The Malcolm X project represented one way that they would be able to alter such a discrepancy. Working in small, collaborative groups, students transcribed, edited, researched, applied structural TEI/XML markup, and composed simple notes. For undergraduates, mastering the concept of basic TEI encoding included the understanding of how to represent paragraphs, page breaks, people, and places. I did not ask them to think critically about applying TEI to editorial decisions. Undergraduate student evaluations revealed that students thought the digital project was the highlight of the course and the experience invaluable. Most pointed to the activist nature of the project, of making a difference in the literary field and representing important cultural materials to a larger public. The project was so successful that I decided to ask my graduate students to return to the materials. While the undergraduates had made a first pass through the documents, there was additional proofing, standardization of annotations, and extended TEI markup of editorial items—such as strikethroughs, additions, and unclear sections—to complete. As part of a graduate-level class titled "Introduction to Digital Humanities," I teach my students how to encode materials with TEI/XML. Instead of completing exercises, graduate student worked with the Haley materials to add more robust TEI. Stairstepping a project across multiple semesters, classes, and levels of students has allowed a large group of students to participate in an important published project and has also convinced me that applied digital humanities work should be central to the classroom. As project leader, I have rechecked materials for accuracy and consistency, regularized the markup, and added the introduction. Texts have been imaged, transcribed and marked with TEI P5.[22] We have indicated changes made to the base text and, where possible, identified deletions and strikethroughs.
The essay and notes are treated with diplomatic transcriptions. We have not altered mistakes or corrected spellings. Undecipherable passages are marked as such with the TEI gap tag and marked as illegible, and strikethroughs, additions, and deletions are noted. While it would have been useful to include the published version of "The Malcolm X I Knew," we could not secure copyright to do so. Therefore, only the typed manuscript version is included. Students provided initial transcriptions, some annotations, and basic TEI. I have added robust annotations and standardized TEI markup. Annotations are included for historical events, people, and places. When possible I have included annotations that connect Haley's notes to the Autobiography.
As I indicated at the start of this essay, contemporary texts are much more difficult to digitize because of copyright and ownership issues than those materials produced before 1923. When this project began, I had doubts that the Haley materials could be published. My search for ownership of Haley's literary rights revealed that his estate had gone bankrupt, and all interests and royalty rights were sold to John Palumbo, a Jacksonville investor, for $10,400.[23] Palumbo graciously agreed to the publication of the manuscript transcriptions and images of the materials. I thank him for his generosity. I would also like to thank Texas A&M University librarian Rebecca Hankins for her help and support throughout this process. Without her, this edition would not have been brought public.
Finally, and most importantly, the following participated in the transcription, editing, and markup of the primary source materials:
Librarian:
Sarah Potvin.
Karen Davis, Amber Dunai, Jessica Durgan, Elizabeth Grumbach, Tess Habbestad, Bailey Kelsey, Glynnis Lagarde, Shawn Moore, Laura Perrings, Noah Peterson, and Sarah Potvin.
Undergraduate students:
Maria Acosta, Britany Bennett, Clayton Armstrong, Karen Boyd, Lorena Cardenas, Stephanie Cue, Cedric Dadaille, Manuel De la Llata, Ashlee Guerra, Scott Hamilton, Cassandra Hanks, Kendall Hardgrove, William Hoferer, Nicole Janssen, Tia McKinney, Cooper Mclendon, Charles McWhinney, Anju Mohan, Kevin Monsees, Joshua Montemayor, Parysa Oskouipour, Eric Park, Kerri Prather, Caitlin Red, Lauren Reynolds, Megan Rhodes, Crystal Riles, Maranda Spinn, Stephanie Straight, Jose Torres, John Turner, Yiechia Warren, Alexandra Wentz, and Ryan Williams.
1. Alex Haley, Roots (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1976); "Kunta Kinte–Alex Haley Foundation: The Genealogy Experience," http://www.kintehaley.org; "The Alex Haley Tribute Site," http://www.alex-haley.com.
2. Herb Boyd, "Plagiarism and the Roots Suits," First World 2, no. 3 (1979): 31–33, 31–32. David Chioni Moore, in his review of the Alex Haley Roots Papers, notes that the plagiarism controversy seems to have contributed to the novel being ignored by literary critics. See Moore, "Revisiting a Silenced Giant: Alex Haley's Roots," Resources for American Literary Study 22, no. 2 (1996): 195–249.
3. "The Malcolm X I Knew" essay does not appear on nor is it referenced by the site.
4. Manning Marable, "Interview with Democracy Now!," February 21, 2005, http://www.democracynow.org/2005/2/21/the_undiscovered_malcolm_x_stunning_new.
5. Manning Marable, Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention (New York: Penguin, 2011), 248.
6. Adam Parfrey, It's a Man's World: Men's Adventure Magazines, The Postwar Pulps (Los Angeles: Feral House, 2003), 286, 287.
7. Marable writes of the increasingly difficult financial situation of Haley during the completion of The Autobiography primarily due to the lack of progress that Haley made on the manuscript. Haley was looking for various sources of income and found one such revenue stream in a "one-shot sale" of a piece of The Autobiography for the Saturday Evening Post. Marable, Malcolm X, 351. It is possible that the Saga piece was also a quick way for Haley to earn some income.
8. Marable, Malcolm X, 259.
9. See Marable, Black Routes to Islam, ed. Aidi Hishaam (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), 312, and Garrett A. Felber, "'A Writer Is What I Want, Not an Interpreter': Alex Haley and Malcolm X—Conceiving the Autobiographical Self and the Struggle for Authorship," Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society 12 no. 1 (2010): 33–53, 46.
10. David Remnick, "This American Life: The Making and Remaking of Malcolm X," New Yorker, April 25, 2011, http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2011/04/25/110425crbo_books_remnick. For correspondence between Haley and Doubleday's Ken McCormick, see Garret A. Felber, "Alex Haley Correspondence (1965)," Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society 12, no. 2 (2010): 182–85.
11. See the following: William L. Andrews, "Editing 'Minority' Texts," in The Margins of the Text, ed. David C. Greetham (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997), 45–56; Felber, "'A Writer Is What I Want, Not an Interpreter'"; Arnold Rampersad, "The Color of His Eyes: Bruce Perry's Malcolm and Malcolm's Malcolm" in Malcolm X: In our Own Image, ed. Joe Wood (New York: St. Martin's, 1992), 177–234; John Edgar Wideman, "Malcolm X: The Art of Autobiography," in Wood, Malcolm X, 101–16.
12. Marable, Malcolm X, 9.
13. Manning Marable, "Rediscovering Malcolm's Life: A Historian's Adventures in Living History," in Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society 7, no. 1 (2005): 20–35, 27.
14. Alex Haley, The Autobiography of Malcolm X (Chicago: Ballantine, 1987), 383.
15. Marable, Malcolm X, 327.
16. Haley, The Autobiography, 400.
17. Felber, "'A Writer Is What I Want, Not an Interpreter.'"
18. Andrews, "Editing 'Minority' Texts," 45–46.
19. Andrews, "Editing 'Minority' Texts," 47.
20. The OAAU is the Organization of Afro-American Unity, the organization that X founded in 1964 after his trip to Mecca as an international Africanist organization. "African American Historian Manning Marable Dies Days Before Publication of His Biography of Malcolm X," Democracy Now!, http://www.democracynow.org/2011/4/4/african_american_historian_manning_marable_dies
22. TEI P5 guidelines are located at http://www.tei-c.org/Guidelines/P5/.
23. "Haley's Literary Rights Sold to Duval Investor," Florida Times-Union, http://jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/091002/met_10407259.html.


Warren R. Dawson FSA was a local antiquarian who lived in Simpson. His interest in the locality led him to spend hours transcribing the church records of a number of the parishes now in the city of Milton Keynes. We have found his work invaluable when doing our own transcriptions, especially when the writing of our copies was difficult to decipher. He had the advantage of working directly from the originals. There was only one aspect of his transcriptions which was slightly unsatisfactory. He listed the partners in marriages separately using maiden names, so it is not easy to determine who married who!


text:
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings, StandaloneDeriving #-}
module Web.Neo.Internal where

import Web.Rest (
    RestT,rest,
    runRestT,Hostname,Port,RestError,
    Request(Request),Method(POST,PUT,GET),Location,ContentType,Body,
    Response(code,responseType,responseBody),
    ResponseCode)

import Control.Error (EitherT,runEitherT,left,readErr)

import Data.Aeson (
    Value,
    ToJSON,object,(.=),encode,
    FromJSON(parseJSON),
    withObject,withText,
    (.:),eitherDecode)
import Data.Aeson.Types (Parser)

import Control.Monad (when,(>=>))
import Control.Monad.Trans (lift)
import Control.Monad.IO.Class (MonadIO)
import Data.Function (on)

import Data.Text (Text,append,pack,unpack,isPrefixOf)
import qualified  Data.Text as Text (takeWhile,reverse)
import Data.ByteString (ByteString)
import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as BL (toStrict,fromStrict)
import Data.HashMap.Strict (HashMap)

-- | Run the given neo commands against the given hostname and port.
runNeoT :: (MonadIO m) => Hostname -> Port -> NeoT m a -> m (Either RestError (Either NeoError a))
runNeoT hostname port = runRestT hostname port . runEitherT

-- | Run the given neo commands against hostname "localhost" and port 7474.
defaultRunNeoT :: (MonadIO m) => NeoT m a -> m (Either RestError (Either NeoError a))
defaultRunNeoT = runNeoT "localhost" 7474

-- | The neo monad transformer. Catches errors and uses REST calls.
type NeoT m = EitherT NeoError (RestT m)

-- | Type of things that can go wrong when talking to neo4j via the REST API.
data NeoError = ResponseCodeError ResponseCode Body
              | ResponseTypeError (Maybe ContentType) Body
              | ResponseParseError String
              | ExtractIdError Text

deriving instance Show NeoError

-- | A neo4j node.
data Node = Node {
    nodeId :: Integer,
    nodeData :: Properties}

deriving instance Show Node

instance Eq Node where
    (==) = (==) `on` nodeId

instance Ord Node where
    (<=) = (<=) `on` nodeId

instance FromJSON Node where
    parseJSON = withObject "NodeObject" (\o -> do
        selfid   <- o .: "self" >>= parseSelfId
        nodedata <- o .: "data"
        return (Node selfid nodedata))

-- | A neo4j edge.
data Edge = Edge {
    edgeId :: Integer,
    edgeStart :: Integer,
    edgeEnd :: Integer,
    edgeType :: Label,
    edgeData :: Properties}

deriving instance Show Edge

instance Eq Edge where
    (==) = (==) `on` edgeId

instance Ord Edge where
    (<=) = (<=) `on` edgeId

instance FromJSON Edge where
    parseJSON = withObject "EdgeObject" (\o -> do
        selfid   <- o .: "self"  >>= parseSelfId
        startid  <- o .: "start" >>= parseSelfId
        endid    <- o .: "end"   >>= parseSelfId
        label    <- o .: "type"
        edgedata <- o .: "data"
        return (Edge selfid startid endid label edgedata))

-- | The properties of either a node or an edge. A map from 'Text' keys to
--   json values.
type Properties = HashMap Text Value

-- | A label of either a node or an edge.
type Label = Text

-- | Create a new node.
newNode :: (Monad m) => NeoT m Node
newNode = call (jsonRequest POST "/db/data/node" "") (2,0,1)

-- | Set the property of the given node with the given key to the given value.
setNodeProperty :: (Monad m,ToJSON value) => Text -> value -> Node -> NeoT m ()
setNodeProperty key value node = setProperty key value (nodeURI node)

-- | Add a label to a node.
addNodeLabel :: (Monad m) => Label -> Node -> NeoT m ()
addNodeLabel label node = emptyCall addNodeLabelRequest where
    addNodeLabelRequest = jsonRequest POST (nodeURI node `append` "/labels") (strictEncode label)

-- | Create a new edge.
newEdge :: (Monad m) => Label -> Node -> Node -> NeoT m Edge
newEdge label sourcenode targetnode = call newEdgeRequest (2,0,1) where
    newEdgeRequest = jsonRequest POST sourceuri (strictEncode payload)
    sourceuri      = (nodeURI sourcenode `append` "/relationships")
    payload        = object [
        "to"   .= nodeURI targetnode,
        "type" .= label]

-- | Set the property of the given edge with the given key to the given value.
setEdgeProperty :: (Monad m,ToJSON value) => Text -> value -> Edge -> NeoT m ()
setEdgeProperty key value edge = setProperty key value (edgeURI edge)

-- | Get the node with the given neo4j internal ID.
nodeById :: (Monad m) => Integer -> NeoT m Node
nodeById nodeid = call (jsonGetRequest ("/db/data/node/" `append` (pack (show nodeid)))) (2,0,0)

-- | Get all nodes with the given label.
nodesByLabel :: (Monad m) => Label -> NeoT m [Node]
nodesByLabel label = call (jsonGetRequest ("/db/data/label/" `append` label `append` "/nodes")) (2,0,0)

-- | Get the edge with the given neo4j internal ID.
edgeById :: (Monad m) => Integer -> NeoT m Edge
edgeById edgeid = call (jsonGetRequest ("/db/data/relationship/" `append` (pack (show edgeid)))) (2,0,0)

-- | Get all edges (outgoing as well as incoming) of the given node.
allEdges :: (Monad m) => Node -> NeoT m [Edge]
allEdges node = call (jsonGetRequest (nodeURI node `append` "/relationships/all")) (2,0,0)

-- | Get all incoming edges of the given node.
incomingEdges :: (Monad m) => Node -> NeoT m [Edge]
incomingEdges node = call (jsonGetRequest (nodeURI node `append` "/relationships/in")) (2,0,0)

-- | Get all outgoing edges of the given node.
outgoingEdges :: (Monad m) => Node -> NeoT m [Edge]
outgoingEdges node = call (jsonGetRequest (nodeURI node `append` "/relationships/out")) (2,0,0)

-- | Get all labels of the given node.
nodeLabels :: (Monad m) => Node -> NeoT m [Label]
nodeLabels node = call (jsonGetRequest (nodeURI node `append` "/labels")) (2,0,0)

-- | Get the properties of the given node.
nodeProperties :: (Monad m) => Node -> NeoT m Properties
nodeProperties = nodeById . nodeId >=> return . nodeData

-- | Get the source node of the given edge.
source :: (Monad m) => Edge -> NeoT m Node
source = nodeById . edgeStart

-- | Get the target node of the given edge.
target :: (Monad m) => Edge -> NeoT m Node
target = nodeById . edgeEnd

-- | Get the label of the given edge.
edgeLabel :: (Monad m) => Edge -> NeoT m Label
edgeLabel = edgeById . edgeId >=> return . edgeType

-- | Get the properties of the given edge.
edgeProperties :: (Monad m) => Edge -> NeoT m Properties
edgeProperties = edgeById . edgeId >=> return . edgeData

-- | Cypher query text.
type CypherQuery = Text

-- | Cypher query Parameters. Should be an object.
type CypherParameters = Value

-- | Result of a Cypher query. A list of column headers and a list of rows.
--   Each row is itself a list of json values, exactly one for each column
--   header. Each value in a row might have a very different shape.
data CypherResult = CypherResult {columnHeaders :: [Text], rowValues :: [[Value]]}

deriving instance Show CypherResult

instance FromJSON CypherResult where
    parseJSON = withObject "CypherResultObject" (\o -> do
        columnheaders <- o .: "columns"
        rowvalues <- o .: "data"
        return (CypherResult columnheaders rowvalues))

-- | Execute the given cypher query text with the given parameters. Returns
--   the result of the query.
cypher :: (Monad m) => CypherQuery -> CypherParameters -> NeoT m CypherResult
cypher cypherQuery cypherParameters = call cypherRequest (2,0,0) where
    cypherRequest = jsonRequest POST "/db/data/cypher" (strictEncode payload)
    payload = object [
        "query" .= cypherQuery,
        "params" .= cypherParameters]

-- | When the given expected 'ResponseCode' and the one of the given 'Response'
--   are not equal throw a 'ResponseCodeError'.
assertResponseCode :: (Monad m) => ResponseCode -> Response -> NeoT m ()
assertResponseCode expectedCode response = when
    (expectedCode /= code response)
    (left (ResponseCodeError (code response) (responseBody response)))

-- | When the 'ContentType' of the given 'Response' does not match the
--   given expected 'ContentType' or is not present at all throw a
--   'ResponseTypeError'.
assertResponseType :: (Monad m) => ContentType -> Response -> NeoT m ()
assertResponseType expectedType response = case responseType response of
    Nothing -> return ()
    Just givenType -> when (not (expectedType `isPrefixOf` givenType))
        (left (ResponseTypeError (responseType response) (responseBody response)))

-- | The content type of a json request or a json response.
jsoncontent :: ContentType
jsoncontent = "application/json"

-- | Encode the given value into a strict 'ByteString'
strictEncode :: (ToJSON a) => a -> ByteString
strictEncode = BL.toStrict . encode

-- | Decode the given strict 'ByteString'.
strictEitherDecode :: (FromJSON a) => ByteString -> Either String a
strictEitherDecode = eitherDecode . BL.fromStrict

-- | Make a REST call. Expect the given 'ResponseCode' and the response
--   to be json encoded.
call :: (FromJSON a,Monad m) => Request -> ResponseCode -> NeoT m a
call request expectedCode = do

    response <- lift (rest request)

    assertResponseCode expectedCode response
    assertResponseType jsoncontent response

    parseResponse response

-- | Make a REST call and expect an empty response.
emptyCall :: (Monad m) => Request -> NeoT m ()
emptyCall request =  lift (rest request) >>= assertResponseCode (2,0,4)

-- | Make a json request where the given request body as well as the expected response
--   body are both json encoded.
jsonRequest :: Method -> Location -> Body -> Request
jsonRequest method location body = Request method location jsoncontent jsoncontent body

-- | Make a get request to the given location. The expected response body should be
--   json encoded.
jsonGetRequest :: Location -> Request
jsonGetRequest location = jsonRequest GET location ""

-- | Find a node's URI.
nodeURI :: Node -> Location
nodeURI node = "/db/data/node/" `append` (pack (show (nodeId node)))

-- | Find an edge's URI.
edgeURI :: Edge -> Location
edgeURI edge = "/db/data/relationship/" `append` (pack (show (edgeId edge)))

-- | Set the property of either an edge or a node at the given location.
setProperty :: (Monad m,ToJSON value) => Text -> value -> Location -> NeoT m ()
setProperty key value uri = emptyCall setPropertyRequest where
    requestUri         = uri `append` "/properties/" `append` key
    setPropertyRequest = jsonRequest PUT requestUri (strictEncode value)

-- | Parse the body of a response but fail in the 'NeoT' monad instead of
--   returning an 'Either'.
parseResponse :: (FromJSON a,Monad m) => Response -> NeoT m a
parseResponse response = case strictEitherDecode (responseBody response) of
    Left errormessage -> left (ResponseParseError errormessage)
    Right result      -> return result

-- | Given a json value that should represent a URI parse the last part of
--   it as a number.
parseSelfId :: Value -> Parser Integer
parseSelfId = withText "URI" (\s -> case idSlug s of
    Left errormessage -> fail errormessage
    Right idslug      -> return idslug)

-- | Extract the last part of the given URI.
idSlug :: Text -> Either String Integer
idSlug uri = readErr ("Reading URI slug failed: " ++ uriSlug) uriSlug where
    uriSlug = unpack (Text.reverse (Text.takeWhile (/= '/') (Text.reverse uri)))


text:
Possible Breast Cancer Risk Factors
Materials for Parents and Caregivers
Early Puberty and Breast Cancer Risk
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
Motivating Change in Patients and Parents/Caregivers
Materials for Health Professionals
OUTREACH ORGANIZATIONS
Environmental Exposures & Breast Cancer Risk
Things You Can Do Now
Materials for Outreach Organizations
Puberty Study
Windows of Susceptibility
Consortium Membership
What Can and Cannot be Customized
Toolkits and Other Resources
Home Outreach Organizations Environmental Exposures & Breast Cancer Risk
According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American women today.
1 out of every 8 women will develop breast cancer during her lifetime.
About 40,000 women annually will die of breast cancer.
Risk factors for breast cancer include personal and family health history, genetics, menstrual and reproductive history, race, and lifestyle choices.
Certain things in the environment may change the way a girl's body develops as she grows, making her more vulnerable to developing breast cancer as an adult. In this context, the environmental includes the air we breathe, the food we eat, the water we drink, and things we touch and put on our skin.
Scientists in the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program (BCERP), supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), are exploring whether exposure to certain chemicals and foods may change how girls' bodies mature.
More for Outreach Organizations
Contact | Glossary | Accessibility | BCERP Member Login
Funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, DHHS
BCERP Coordinating Center, UW-Madison info@bcerp.org
Website by Mod9Multimedia Group of Madison, WI
© 2019 Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program


text:
Q: Laravel Auth: Return json instead of redirect I am new to Laravel and i wanted to know how to make it so that i can return a message in json instead of redirecting or using the flash messages.
The reason for this is because my forms are being processed with Vuejs so a redirect wont do it for me.
Edit: I'm working with the Laravel auth package

A: You can return json by using
return response()->json($data);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


What we really liked about the food was that once done you didn't feel bloated or full to the brim and definitely had space for dessert. With respect to flavors, our favorites were the Labneh with Zaatar dip and the three sandwiches. Their deliciousness lay in their simplicity.
Cinnabon needs no introduction and a visit to the vicinity of a Cinnabon means you have to have some of their goodies; at least that's how it is for us. We sampled the brand new Nutella bon and took home some classics. Needless to say, no disappointment there!
Touted 'America's freshest ice cream,' Carvel's Festival City branch features a simple selection of creamy ice cream and we opted for the chocolate and vanilla swirl with our choice of toppings. Loved it! The perfect treat to end the meal.
SBC and the other restaurants, need no introduction, but we'd like to end by saying that we give the new menu and the outlet's characteristic coziness a Yay!


text:
EXCLUSIVE: 'RHOD' Star D'Andra Simmons & Her Mama Big Supporters of Anti-Gay & Anti-Jew Pastor Robert Jeffress!
A Dallas pastor who hates gays, believes pedophilia and homosexuality are synonymous, declared Islam promotes pedophilia, and asserts that Jewish people are going to hell — is being backed by Real Housewives of Dallas star, D'Andra Simmons and her mother.
D'Andra Simmons and her mother, Dee Simmons, are both proud members of First Baptist Dallas — a Southern Baptist mega-church, in Dallas, Texas — led by controversial Pastor Robert Jeffress. The following excerpt is from promotional church paraphernalia.
Momma Dee and her late husband, Glenn Simmons, played an instrumental role in financially assisting the building of the church's $130 million mega building that seats 3,000 people. And includes a towering outdoor water fountain, among other things.
"It's fitting that the life of Dallas businessman Glenn Simmons, who died March 6 , was celebrated today in the sanctuary of First Baptist Dallas. Church pastor Dr. Robert Jeffress and others noted that Simmons, 85, was a committed church member and a leading figure in the $130 million First Baptist building project, which debuts officially on Easter Sunday." According to D Magazine.
The late Simmons and his wife, Dee, are so loved at First Baptist Dallas that pastor Jeffress named a prominent foyer in the church after the couple.
Pastor Robert Jeffress is known as one of President Trump's closest evangelical advisers — and the pastor has made a name for himself by attacking the LGBT community, Jews, various faiths and non-Americans.
https://allaboutthetea.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/George_Lamberis_youtube.com_Uk4c2uoOF3o.mp4
Below are just a few controversial statements made by the pastor.
In the following video, Jeffress refers to legalizing gay marriage as a "blunder" and the worst decision made in the Supreme Court's history.
https://allaboutthetea.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/George_Lamberis_youtu.be_BkfAsizVbdA.mp4
Jeffress thinks that abortion caused 9/11
Robert Jeffress thinks pedophilia and homosexuality are connected
"Amazingly, some gay activists don't even try to hide the link between homosexuality and pedophilia. There are some who are right now are actively involved in trying to legalize sex between adults and children by lowering the age of consent or removing it altogether. In all fairness, it would be wrong to suggest that all homosexuals to pedophiles. It would be wrong to even suggest that a majority of homosexuals are pedophiles, but the truth nevertheless is there." Jeffress said.
"There are a disproportionate amount of assaults against children by homosexuals than by heterosexuals, you can't deny that, and the reason is very clear: homosexuality is perverse, it represents a degradation of a person's mind and if a person will sink that low and there are no restraints from God's law, then there is no telling to whatever sins he will commit as well."
Jeffress compared homosexuals to people who rape animals, claiming: "God's plan for sexuality is one man with one woman in a lifetime commitment called marriage. Any deviation from that is sin. Of course, I'm always, the retort to that is 'oh! Are you pulling a Rick Santorum and saying that homosexuality is like bestiality, uh, incest, or pedophilia'? And I say 'Yes.'. It is just as immoral as those practices."
Mormonism is a 'cult'
Jews and Muslims going 'to Hell'
The Catholic Church is an instrument of Satan
President Obama paved the way for the Antichrist
Clinton supporters are going to hell
Fifty Shades of Grey movie might have been a signifier of the end times
https://allaboutthetea.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/George_Lamberis_youtube.com_D9bTkdGhXmo.mp4
D'Andra's husband, Jeremy Lock, is also a member of First Baptist Dallas and plays an active role in church programs. In April 2017, he was baptized at Pastor Jeffress controversial chapel.
Share your thoughts on D'Andra Simmons and her mother, Dee Simmons supporting anti-gay, anti-semantic Pastor Robert Jeffress.
Related Items:#RHOD, D'Andra Simmons, Dee Simmons, featured, Glenn Simmons, Jeremy Lock, Real Housewives of Dallas, Robert Jeffress
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'RHOD' RECAP: D'Andra Reveals Cocaine Addiction & Stint In Rehab!
EXCLUSIVE: 'Lashing Out' Milania Giudice Fighting At School Over Father's Deportation Back to Italy!
D'Andra Simmons Denies Supporting Anti-Gay & Anti-Jew Pastor Robert Jeffress Despite Being An Active Church Member!


I was interviewed yesterday on Prison Radio Guelph, at CFRU 93.3 fm, discussing the Justseeds: Migration Now! exhibit currently on view at OCAD University's Graduate Gallery at 205 Richmond St. W.
Check it out on their archive page HERE and tune in at 43:00 to catch me. You can also hear a bit of the so crucial A Tribe Called Red (pictured here, lifted from a great article in Now magazine), who I got to DJ with last night at the Art Galley of Toronto.


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YouTube Music Videos
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Evanescence – Lithium
Music videos and song lyrics for Lithium by Evanescence. You can sing while listening the song Lithium performed by Evanescence. If you like the music videos and song lyrics for Lithium remember to leave a comment and share this!.
Evanescence – Lithium Videos
Evanescence: Lithium Lyrics
Lithium – don't wana lock me up inside
lithium – don't wana forget how it feels without
lithium – I wana stay in love with my sorrow
oh but God I want to let it go
come to bed, don't make me sleep alone
couldn't hide the emptiness you let it show
never wanted it to be so cold
just didn't drink enough to say you love me
I can't hold on to me
wonder what's wrong with me
Don't want to let it lay me down this time
drown my will to fly
here in the darkness I know myself
can't break free until I let it go
Darling, I forgive you after all
anything is better than to be alone
and in the end I guess I had to fall
always find my place among the ashes
oh I'm gunna let it go
Shania Twain – I Ain't No Quitter
Evanescence – Everybody's fool
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More on Evanescence
Evanescence – Sweet Sacrifice
Evanescence – Thoughtless
Evanescence – The Only One
Evanescence – Before The Dawn
Evanescence – My Inmortal
Evanescence – Call me when you re sober
Shania Twain – When
Music videos and song lyrics for When by Shania Twain. You can sing while listening the song When performed by Shania Twain. If you like the music videos and song lyrics for...
Aaron Tippin – If That Ain't Country
Music videos and song lyrics for If That Ain't Country by Aaron Tippin. You can sing while listening the song If That Ain't Country performed by Aaron Tippin. If...
Adam Harvey – Easy
Music videos and song lyrics for Easy by Adam Harvey. You can sing while listening the song Easy performed by Adam Harvey. If you like the music videos and song lyrics for Easy...
Vince Gill – One More Last Chance
Music videos and song lyrics for One More Last Chance by Vince Gill. You can sing while listening the song One More Last Chance performed by Vince Gill. If you like the music...
Aaron Tippin – Warm And Fuzzy
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Linkin Park – Not Alone
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Sugarland – Want To
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Halftime observations from the Georgia Football vs. Georgia Tech rivalry game
Although the Georgia Bulldogs went into Saturday's game as heavy favorites, the Bulldogs found themselves in the middle of a battle against their state rival.
Georgia leads Georgia Tech 10-7 after two back-and-forth quarters between the two teams. The Yellow Jackets opened the game with an impressive 11-play-scoring drive, but the Bulldogs fought back with a field goal from Jack Podlesny and a touchdown catch from Marcus Rosemy-Jacksaint to hold a narrow lead at the break.
Let's get down to what caught the eye in the first half of the plot:
Bulldogs wake up
To say Georgia's start to Saturday's game was disappointing would be an understatement. To the Bulldogs' credit, a strong second quarter followed.
The Bulldogs allowed an 11-play, 75-yard drive on Georgia Tech's first possession — which included a big close on a fourth and nine and Georgia's first touchdown allowed in the first quarter of the season — and answered it on offense with a toothless three-and-out. Georgia appeared to be sleepwalking on both sides of the ball early on, although it didn't mean Georgia Tech was more than a seven-point lead.
Georgia managed a quick field goal from Jack Podlesny just before the end of the first quarter before going on in the second.
The Georgia defense forced a Georgia Tech punt from the Bulldogs' 45-yard line before Kenny McIntosh reignited the offense with a 45-yard run. McIntosh's game set the stage for Georgia's first touchdown drive of the game, which ended when Stetson Bennett hit Marcus Rosemy-Jacksaint with a 5-yard touchdown with 7:59 left before the break.
Georgia Tech was far from done at this point and showed promise just before halftime, thanks in large part to quarterback Zach Gibson's 41-yard pass to EJ Jenkins. That play wasn't much, however, as Georgia stopped the drive in its tracks and forced a punt just before the break.
Georgia still has work to do – and will likely get an earful in the dressing room – but the Dawgs looked more like themselves as the second quarter progressed.
Pass defense fights
Although Georgia seemed to settle down as the first half progressed, the Bulldogs' pass defense remains very suspect.
Georgia Tech started Saturday averaging just 190 passing yards per game and put on 132 in the first quarter alone. The Yellow Jackets also had no problem going down at the Bulldogs, as Georgia Tech's Zach Gibson had three plays for 15 yards or more.
Perhaps no Bulldog struggled more in the first half than cornerback Kelee Ringo, who missed a tackle on a 16-yard play and was later called out for a defensive pass glitch for an incompleteness that would have forced a Georgia Tech punt. To his credit, Ringo finished strongly with a pass breakup just before the break to keep the Yellow Jackets at bay.
Run game ignites Dawgs
Georgia's passing game had its moments in the first half, but it was clear the Bulldogs' running game was their secret to success.
Georgia averaged 7.8 yards per carry in the first half of the game, with big plays from McIntosh, Daijun Edwards and Stetson Bennett. The Bulldogs' only touchdown drive was fueled by big runs from McIntosh and Edwards, and their field goal drive late in the first quarter included two big runs from Bennett.
While Georgia will be looking to get its passing game going after the break, you can bet the Bulldogs will benefit from a suspect Georgia Tech Run defense.
Up and down in the red zone
After a poor performance in the red zone against Kentucky last week, Georgia's offense had its ups and downs in that aspect of Saturday's game.
On the afternoon's second drive, the Bulldogs got this close to Georgia Tech's 4-yard line before a 3-yard loss from Edwards, a false start and a third incompletion error forced Jack Podlesny to kick a 30-yard field goal . Their next trip to the red zone proved more successful, however, when Bennett hit Rosemy-Jacksaint for the Bulldogs' only first-half touchdown.
Given how close this game could get in the second half, Georgia needs to maximize every time they reach the Georgia Tech 20.
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President Vladimir Putin has said Russia will not extradite former US intelligence employee Edward Snowden back to the US as the two countries do not have an agreement on mutual extradition of criminals.
"The problem is not that we defended Snowden. We are not defending him in any way," Putin said in an interview with Channel 1 TV and the Associated Press ahead of a G20 summit in St. Petersburg, which was available on the Kremlin website Wednesday, Xinhua reported.
"The problem is that we and the United States do not have an agreement on mutual extradition of criminals," said the Russian president.
He asserted that Moscow had invited Washington on numerous occasions to conclude such an agreement "but have been denied".
"We cannot judge whether Snowden committed some crime in the United States or not … But we, as a sovereign country having no such agreements with the United States, cannot do anything but provide him with the opportunity to stay here," Putin said.
He added that Russia had not received and did not wish to obtain any secret information from Snowden.
#WimbledonFinal: Resilient Novak Djokovic Denie ..
When Craving For Home Cooked Food, Use The Best ..


Her fake husband is a Work In Progress… Work in Progress, an all-new romantic comedy from Staci Hart, is available now!
I never thought my first kiss would be on my wedding day. But here I stand, clutching a bouquet of pale pink roses behind the doors of a Las Vegas chapel, and at the end of the aisle is the absolute last man I imagined would be waiting for me. Thomas Bane. Bestselling author. Notorious bad boy. Savagely handsome, dark as sin, chiseled as stone. And somehow, my soon-to-be husband. Marry him, and I'll land my dream job. Save him, and I'll walk away with everything I've ever wanted. All I have to do is remember it's all for show. None of it is real, no matter how real it feels. But first, I have to survive the kiss. And with lips like his, my heart doesn't stand a chance.
She was supposed to be my forever. Instead, I became her worst enemy.
I fell for the one girl I could never have… And it destroyed us both. I did a bad, bad thing. But she isn't exactly innocent either. When I'm faced with the ultimate choice – Let her die or save her – I grab her and run. She calls me a monster. The devil himself. No one will take her from me. She's mine to punish. Mine to keep… forever.
Such sweet, catastrophe filled, slow burn goodness, with a good dose of snark added into the mix, of course. This book had it all for me from start to finish and I really wish there was no "The End" in the end.
Mallory is a walking catastrophe waiting to happen. No lie. This woman just falls into these situations on the daily, but, regardless of her klutziness she is sassy, snarky and somehow turns all of that into a charming woman with a good heart. Cameron is a really good man. Sweet, compassionate, not klutzy, charming and intelligent and has just enough alpha in him that makes him all kinds of smexy.
They're thieves. They're rogues. They're well-armed for adventure. The crew of the Restitution League fights injustice while wrestling with love and desire and the occasional throwing knife. One blazing romance at a time… DARING THE DETECTIVE by Riley ColePURCHASE DARING THE DETECTIVEAmazon | Apple Books | Nook | Kobo | Google Purchase in print on Amazon Synopsis:He's everything she disdains. She's nothing he admires.But love has its own delightful logic.


Dance India Dance coming back on zee tv with another season. DID is one of the most popular dance reality show India. After the huge success of last season makers of the show, decided to come back with Dance India Dance Battle Of The Champions. Check down below Dance India Dance 2019 Judges name.
This show provides an opportunity for aspiring dancers. DID (Dance India Dance) registration has started. If you have a unique dance style or you are passionate about dance then you should not miss this opportunity.
Bosco is a well-known Indian choreographer. He did choreograph lots of Bollywood songs like Senorita (Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara), De De Pyaar De, Veere Di Wedding, Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety. Bosco is all set to be on the Judge panel of Dance India Dance Battle of The Champions.
According to reports, Kareena Kapoor Khan has been approached to Judge this show. Kareena can make her TV debut from Dance India Dance. She is now busy in movies like Good News, Hindi Medium 2 and Takht.


This section is designed to be a hub that provides helpful resources for special education teachers and professionals alike. Here you will find informative and relevant articles, stories from special education teachers and students about why they decided to go into the field, and even an entire section dedicated to American Sign Language.
Explore to read articles detailing news in the field of special education.
Explore to read testimonials from current and aspiring special education teachers.
Explore to learn more about ASL and signs for everyday use.
Explore to learn parenting tips about navigating the field of special education!
Which states have the highest population of students receiving special education? The darker the state color, the more students with special needs. Explore this map in more detail!
Want to learn more about the careers these professionals mentioned? Head to the Careers page!
What do parents needs to know about Personalized Learning? Click here for three important things to understand.


When you encounter an avocado today, you meet a superfood at the apogee of its culinary fame. The toast it rests upon in the wildly popular menu item of avocado toast may be nothing less than a throne. The avocado's culinary status wasn't always lofty. Just like movie stars improve on their names (Judy Garland was once Frances Ethel Gumm) the avocado didn't always sound so great. It used to be called the Testicle Fruit.
Why that name? Because of the shape, and the texture of the skin, and the avocado's rumored qualities as an aphrodisiac, Testicle Fruit it was. But no matter how smooth an operator an avocado can be, making it in America's competitive culture with a name like Testicle Fruit was a non-starter.
Puebla, in South Central Mexico, is the motherland of the avocado where locals first enjoyed their buttery flesh nearly ten-thousand years ago. Mesoamerican tribes domesticated the avocado tree five-thousand years ago. That makes the domestication of the avocado older than the creation of the wheel, invented around 3500 B.C. Avocados were popular with the Incas. The Aztecs believed avocados bestowed strength. The Mayan calendar used an avocado as a glyph for the fourteenth month. The Mayans took that calendar seriously. They wouldn't raise a fruit to the level of an icon just because. Tomb inscriptions in Chiapas, written in 650 A.D., show sacred ancestral figures rising from the earth and behind each one is a tree with fruits, among them an avocado.
The avocado was famous in the ancient world, yet there remains the matter of the unappealing name. How did the avocado break free of it? Actually, we call them avocados because of a screwup. The fifteenth-century navigator Martin Fernandez de Enciso brought avocados back from the New World to his home port of Seville, Spain. He wrote of the "marvelous" flavor of the fruit which tastes "like butter" and is "so good and pleasing to the palate." He loved it but didn't give it a name. By 1521, the fruit was on a world tour, cultivated widely, spreading through Central America, South America, and brought to Europe by the Conquistadors. The Spanish historian Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo also praised the avocado's "good eating and good taste," but also failed to name it. He thought it looked like a pear and incorrectly wrote that they were relatives of the pear trees that grew in Spain.
In the nineteen-hundreds, American growers, perhaps in a hurry, just went with avocado.
Avocado farms popped up in California, Florida, and Hawaii, but popularity did not follow. The appealing new name wasn't enough, and avocados labored in obscurity as supporting players in "healthy" salads. It all may have ended there, with avocados served up among salad greens like a cover band borrowing fame, but it was worse than that because, in the Frozen Food Fifties, nothing could kill a food's popularity like being healthy — just like an avocado. And it got worse still when fat became an evil word.
In the health-conscious sixties and seventies, fat was bad and eating it was worse, particularly in the avocado-friendly beach-body areas of California, Florida, and Hawaii. It was a bad time to be considered a fat bomb. In the eighties, avocados had their near death experience. No salad would be seen with them. It would take decades for popular nutrition knowledge to catch up with what avocados always offered. They were filled with good fat, not bad fat. They had unsaturated fat. It turned out they were the good guys.
Avocados today have the reputation of being a nutritious superfood, high in fiber, more potassium than bananas, rich in Vitamin E, lots of protein. Avocado oil is good for the skin. Research has suggested that avocados have anti-aging properties. There are more than 400 types of avocado on the world market. Avocado toast might come in as many varieties. The irony around this story of a rise to fame is that the avocado had everything it needed for success all along — the buttery texture, the nutrition — but being named Testicle fruit just wasn't going to work.


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Towards a 'Constitution' for Behavioral Policy-making
Maastricht Faculty of Law Working Paper No. 2877826
34 Pages Posted: 1 Dec 2016 Last revised: 31 Mar 2019
See all articles by Marco Fabbri
Marco Fabbri
University Pompeu Fabra, Department of Business and Economics
Michael G. Faure
University of Maastricht - Faculty of Law, Metro; Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) - Erasmus School of Law
Behavioral policy interventions aimed at redirecting individuals' behavior toward optimal choices are characterized by an important issue which is often overlooked: the lack of an instrument to define what "optimal" means. If agents are subject to behavioral biases leading them to make "wrong" choices, the policymaker can no longer rely on the revealed preferences approach (e.g. what people choose is what people prefer) for defining a welfare criterion. In this article, we reiterate the argument put forward by some scholars that choosing a suitable welfare criterion once the link between observed choices and individuals' preferences is broken becomes a problematic task. We review the state of the art in the literature and the possible approaches proposed to overcome the problem, concluding that a solution has not yet been reached. Moreover, we argue that the lack of an established welfare criterion characterizing behavioral policymaking could pave the way to government wanting to restrict individual freedom. In the absence of any legislative constraint for the executive, stating that what individuals choose is not what they prefer in principle justifies any freedom-reducing government intervention, since choices can be arbitrarily labelled "sub-optimal" or "welfare-reducing". To avoid this risk without turning down the potential of behavioral policymaking, we propose that an independent committee establishes ex-ante procedural rules and domains where behavioral policymaking can be implemented. The article suggests some possible examples of normative provisions characterizing this constitution-type document, such as the selective identification of the only sectors where behavioral policies could be effectively applied, the periodic evaluation of policy effects, and the use of sunset clauses.
Keywords: Law and Economics, Nudging, Public Policy, Revealed Preferences
JEL Classification: K30, K40
Fabbri, Marco and Faure, Michael G., Towards a 'Constitution' for Behavioral Policy-making (November 30, 2016). Maastricht Faculty of Law Working Paper No. 2877826. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2877826 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2877826
Marco Fabbri (Contact Author)
University Pompeu Fabra, Department of Business and Economics ( email )
University of Maastricht - Faculty of Law, Metro ( email )
Maastricht, 6200 MD
+31 - 43 - 388 30 60 (Phone)
+31 - 43 - 325 90 91 (Fax)
HOME PAGE: http://www.michaelfaure.be
Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) - Erasmus School of Law ( email )
3000 DR Rotterdam


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Kedleston Hall Walk
Explore the 820 acres of parkland surrounding this country house near Derby in the Peak District. The landscape features grassy meadows, serpentine lakes, pleasure grounds, woodland and contoured hills with clumps of trees. There are also sculptures, a summer house and an orangery. The walk gives fantastic views of the gardens, the hall and the surrounding countryside.
The hall is a classical Palladian mansion built for the first Baron Scarsdale in the mid 18th century. Inside there are grand state rooms with fine collections of paintings and original furniture.
The Centenary Way walking route runs just to the north of the grounds. You could pick this up and head towards Duffield or Brailsford to continue your walk. The Bonnie Prince Charlie Walk runs just to the south of the hall. Pick this up to head into Derby.
DE22 5JH - Please note: Postcode may be approximate for some rural locations
Kedleston Hall Ordnance Survey Map - view and print off detailed OS map
Kedleston Hall Open Street Map - view and print off detailed map
Kedleston Hall OS Map - Mobile GPS OS Map with Location tracking
Kedleston Hall Open Street Map - Mobile GPS Map with Location tracking
The parkland and gardens are a lovely place for a dog walk. There are also some nice woodland trails around the perimeter of the park which are a nice place to take the dogs. They do need to be kept on leads though.
Just to the south you'll find Darley Abbey Park. There's some fine trails around this expansive park which forms part of the wider Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. Just to the south west if the hugely popular Markeaton Park.
To the easy you'll find Allestree Park. Here there's 320 acres of parkland surrounding the 19th century Allestree Hall.
For more walking ideas in the area see the Derbyshire Walks page.
Bonnie Prince Charlie Walk, Centenary Way, Darley Abbey Park, Allestree Park
Kedleston Hall Gardens
Boathouse bridge, Kedleston Hall
Boat House and Bridge - Kedleston Hall. A view from the road leading out of Kedleston Park. The sun was hot enough for the sheep to look for the shade of a tree even in the late afternoon of a September day
Taken from Kedleston Hall, this photograph shows the Richard Adam bridge over the lake.
The hall. Built in 1765 for the Curzon family Kedleston Hall sits to the west of Derby within an expanse of attractive parkland. It is looked after by the National Trust.
Siege Engine in the basement of the Hall. French built Siege Engine abandoned at Kedleston by Bonnie Prince Charlie's Jacobite army on the retreat from Derby in January 1746.
Medicean Lion Statue
All Saints church. The church is all that remains of the medieval village of Kedleston, razed in 1759 by Sir Nathaniel Curzon to make way for the magnificent hall we see today. The Curzon family has lived here for 700 years and their splendid memorials fill this worthy church.
Kedleston Hall.gpx (On Desktop:Right Click>'Save As. On Ipad/Iphone:Click and hold>Share>Save to Files')
Kedleston Hall.mmo (On Desktop:Right Click>'Save As. On Ipad/Iphone:Click and hold >Share>Save to Files)


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Career opportunities with Rajputana Websolution for: Web/Graphic Designer, Web Developer, Programmer,Content Writer, Flash Designer, SEO (Search Engine Optimizer), Business Development/Marketing specialist etc.
Rajputana Websolution Give's Opportunity To Build Your Career With Rajputana Websolution in Web/Graphic Designer, Web Developer, Programmer,Content Writer, Flash Designer, SEO (Search Engine Optimizer), Business Development/Marketing specialist etc.


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Meet Clayton. He's nice (bald, but nice!) He's the co-owner of Big Rush Marketing and is one of the few Facebook Blueprint Certified advertisers that works with small business owners. He began using social media professionally while working as a television anchor/reporter in California in 2012. Today, Clayton is the one building and managing all of Facebook advertising for our partners. As a small business owner himself, Clayton crafted this class so that instead of turning away business owners that couldn't afford an agency, he could provide a service that would walk DIY marketers through an easy to understand process for using Facebook's platform effectively on a budget.
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