text:
"""Enaml objects used to declare sequences in a plugin manifest.

"""
from inspect import cleandoc

from atom.api import Str, Dict, Property, List
from enaml.core.api import d_, d_func

from exopy.utils.traceback import format_exc
from exopy.utils.declarator import (Declarator, GroupDeclarator,
                                    import_and_get)
from .infos import (SequenceInfos, ConfigInfos, ContextInfos, ShapeInfos)

class Sequences(GroupDeclarator):
    """ GroupDeclarator for Sequences.

    Sequences will be stored according to the group of their parent.

    """
    pass

class Sequence(Declarator):
    """Declarator used to contribute a Sequence

    """
    #: path of the sequence object. Paths should be dot separed and the class
    #: name preceded by ':'.
    #: The path to any parent GroupDeclarator will be prepended to it.
    sequence = d_(Str())

    #: Path to the view object associated to the sequence.
    #: The path of any parent GroupDeclarator will be prepended.
    view = d_(Str())

    #: Metadata associated to the sequence.
    metadata = d_(Dict())

    #: Id of the sequence computed from the top-level package and the sequence
    #: name
    id = Property(cached=True)

    def register(self, collector, traceback):
        """Collect sequence and view and add infos to the DeclaratorCollector
        contributions member.

        The group declared by a parent if any is taken into account. All
        Interface children are also registered.

        """
        # Build the sequence id by assembling the package name and the class
        # name.
        sequence_id = self.id

        # If the sequence only specifies a name update the matching infos.
        if ':' not in self.sequence:
            if self.sequence not in collector.contributions:
                collector._delayed.append(self)
                return

            infos = collector.contributions[sequence_id]
            infos.metadata.update(self.metadata)
            self.is_registered = True
            return

        # Determine the path of sequence and view
        path = self.get_path()
        try:
            s_path, sequence = (path + '.' + self.sequence
                                if path else self.sequence).split(':')
            v_path, view = (path + '.' + self.view
                            if path else self.view).split(':')
        except ValueError:
            msg = 'Incorrect %s (%s), path must be of the form a.b.c:Class'
            err_id = s_path.split('.', 1)[0] + '.' + sequence
            msg = msg % ('view', self.view)

            traceback[err_id] = msg
            return

        # Check that the sequence does not already exist.
        if sequence_id in collector.contributions or sequence_id in traceback:
            i = 1
            while True:
                err_id = '%s_duplicate%d' % (sequence_id, i)
                if err_id not in traceback:
                    break

            msg = 'Duplicate definition of {}, found in {}'
            traceback[err_id] = msg.format(sequence, s_path)
            return

        infos = SequenceInfos(metadata=self.metadata)

        # Get the sequence class.
        s_cls = import_and_get(s_path, sequence, traceback, sequence_id)
        if s_cls is None:
            return

        try:
            infos.cls = s_cls
        except TypeError:
            msg = '{} should be a subclass of AbstractSequence. \n{}'
            traceback[sequence_id] = msg.format(s_cls, format_exc())
            return

        # Get the sequence view.
        s_view = import_and_get(v_path, view, traceback, sequence_id)
        if s_view is None:
            return

        try:
            infos.view = s_view
        except TypeError:
            msg = '{} should be a subclass of AbstractSequenceView,.\n{}'
            traceback[sequence_id] = msg.format(s_view, format_exc())
            return

        # Add group and add to collector
        infos.metadata['group'] = self.get_group()
        collector.contributions[sequence_id] = infos

        self.is_registered = True

    def unregister(self, collector):
        """Remove contributed infos from the collector.

        """
        if self.is_registered:
            # If we were just extending the sequence, clean the metadata.
            if ':' not in self.sequence:
                if self.id in collector.contributions:
                    infos = collector.contributions[self.id]
                    for k in self.metadata:
                        del infos.metadata[k]
                return

            # Remove infos.
            try:
                del collector.contributions[self.id]
            except KeyError:
                pass

            self.is_registered = False

    def __str__(self):
        """Nice string representation giving attributes values.

        """
        msg = cleandoc('''{} with:
                       sequence: {}, view : {} and metadata: {} declaring :
                       {}''')
        return msg.format(type(self).__name__, self.sequence, self.view,
                          self.metadata,
                          '\n'.join(' - {}'.format(c) for c in self.children))

    def _get_id(self):
        """Create the unique identifier of the sequence using the top level
        package and the class name.

        """
        if ':' in self.sequence:
            path = self.get_path()
            s_path, sequence = (path + '.' + self.sequence
                                if path else self.sequence).split(':')

            # Build the sequence id by assembling the package name and the
            # class name
            return s_path.split('.', 1)[0] + '.' + sequence

        else:
            return self.sequence

class SequenceConfigs(GroupDeclarator):
    """GroupDeclarator for sequences configs.

    """
    pass

class SequenceConfig(Declarator):
    """Declarator used to contribute a Sequence configurator

    """

    #: path of the config object. Paths should be dot separed and the class
    #: name preceded by ':'.
    #: The path to any parent GroupDeclarator will be prepended to it.
    config = d_(Str())

    #: Path to the view object associated to the sequence.
    #: The path of any parent GroupDeclarator will be prepended.
    view = d_(Str())

    #: Id of the sequence computed from the top-level package and the sequence
    #: name
    id = Property(cached=True)

    @d_func
    def get_sequence_class(self):
        """Return the base sequence class this config is used for.

        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def register(self, collector, traceback):
        """Collect config and view and add infos to the DeclaratorCollector
        contributions member under the supported task name.

        """
        # Determine the path to the config and view.
        path = self.get_path()
        try:
            c_path, config = (path + '.' + self.config
                              if path else self.config).split(':')
            v_path, view = (path + '.' + self.view
                            if path else self.view).split(':')
        except ValueError:
            msg = 'Incorrect %s (%s), path must be of the form a.b.c:Class'
            if ':' in self.config:
                msg = msg % ('view', self.view)
            else:
                msg = msg % ('config', self.config)

            traceback[self.id] = msg
            return

        try:
            s_cls = self.get_sequence_class()
        except Exception:
            msg = 'Failed to get supported sequence : %s'
            traceback[self.id] = msg % format_exc()
            return

        # Check that the configurer does not already exist.
        if self.id in traceback:
            i = 1
            while True:
                err_id = '%s_duplicate%d' % (self.id, i)
                if err_id not in traceback:
                    break

            msg = 'Duplicate definition of {}, found in {}'
            traceback[err_id] = msg.format(s_cls, c_path)
            return

        if s_cls in collector.contributions:
            msg = 'Duplicate definition for {}, found in {}'
            traceback[self.id] = msg.format(s_cls, c_path)
            return

        infos = ConfigInfos()

        # Get the config class.
        c_cls = import_and_get(c_path, config, traceback, self.id)
        if c_cls is None:
            return

        try:
            infos.cls = c_cls
        except TypeError:
            msg = '{} should a subclass of AbstractConfig.\n{}'
            traceback[self.id] = msg.format(c_cls, format_exc())
            return

        # Get the config view.
        view = import_and_get(v_path, view, traceback, self.id)
        if view is None:
            return

        try:
            infos.view = view
        except TypeError:
            msg = '{} should a subclass of AbstractConfigView.\n{}'
            traceback[self.id] = msg.format(c_cls, format_exc())
            return

        collector.contributions[s_cls] = infos

        self.is_registered = True

    def unregister(self, collector):
        """Remove contributed infos from the collector.

        """
        if self.is_registered:
            try:
                del collector.contributions[self.get_sequence_class()]
            except KeyError:
                pass

            self.is_registered = False

    def __str__(self):
        """Nice string representation giving attributes values.

        """
        msg = cleandoc('''{} with:
                       config: {}, view : {}''')
        return msg.format(type(self).__name__, self.config, self.view)

    def _get_id(self):
        """Create the unique identifier of the config using the top level
        package and the class name.

        """
        if ':' in self.config:
            path = self.get_path()
            c_path, config = (path + '.' + self.config
                              if path else self.config).split(':')

            # Build the task id by assembling the package name and the class
            # name
            return c_path.split('.', 1)[0] + '.' + config

        else:
            return self.config

class Contexts(GroupDeclarator):
    """ GroupDeclarator for Contexts.

    Contexts will be stored according to the group of their parent.

    """
    pass

class Context(Declarator):
    """Declarator used to contribute a Context

    """
    #: Path of the context object. Paths should be dot separed and the class
    #: name preceded by ':'.
    #: The path to any parent GroupDeclarator will be prepended to it.
    context = d_(Str())

    #: Path to the view object associated to the context.
    #: The path of any parent GroupDeclarator will be prepended.
    view = d_(Str())

    #: List of supported driver ids.
    instruments = d_(List())

    #: Metadata associated to the context.
    metadata = d_(Dict())

    #: Id of the context computed from the top-level package and the context
    #: name
    id = Property(cached=True)

    def register(self, collector, traceback):
        """Collect context and view and add infos to the DeclaratorCollector
        contributions member.

        The group declared by a parent if any is taken into account. All
        Interface children are also registered.

        """
        # Build the context id by assembling the package name and the class
        # name.
        context_id = self.id

        # If the context only specifies a name update the matching infos.
        if ':' not in self.context:
            if self.context not in collector.contributions:
                collector._delayed.append(self)
                return

            infos = collector.contributions[context_id]
            infos.metadata.update(self.metadata)
            infos.instruments.update(self.instruments)
            self.is_registered = True
            return

        # Determine the path of context and view
        path = self.get_path()
        try:
            c_path, context = (path + '.' + self.context
                               if path else self.context).split(':')
            v_path, view = (path + '.' + self.view
                            if path else self.view).split(':')
        except ValueError:
            msg = 'Incorrect %s (%s), path must be of the form a.b.c:Class'
            err_id = c_path.split('.', 1)[0] + '.' + context
            msg = msg % ('view', self.view)

            traceback[err_id] = msg
            return

        # Check that the context does not already exist.
        if context_id in collector.contributions or context_id in traceback:
            i = 1
            while True:
                err_id = '%s_duplicate%d' % (context_id, i)
                if err_id not in traceback:
                    break

            msg = 'Duplicate definition of {}, found in {}'
            traceback[err_id] = msg.format(context, c_path)
            return

        infos = ContextInfos(metadata=self.metadata,
                             instruments=self.instruments)

        # Get the sequence class.
        c_cls = import_and_get(c_path, context, traceback, context_id)
        if c_cls is None:
            return

        try:
            infos.cls = c_cls
        except TypeError:
            msg = '{} should be a subclass of BaseContext. \n{}'
            traceback[context_id] = msg.format(c_cls, format_exc())
            return

        # Get the context view.
        c_view = import_and_get(v_path, view, traceback, context_id)
        if c_view is None:
            return

        try:
            infos.view = c_view
        except TypeError:
            msg = '{} should be a subclass of BaseContextView,.\n{}'
            traceback[context_id] = msg.format(c_view, format_exc())
            return

        # Add group and add to collector
        infos.metadata['group'] = self.get_group()
        collector.contributions[context_id] = infos

        self.is_registered = True

    def unregister(self, collector):
        """Remove contributed infos from the collector.

        """
        if self.is_registered:
            # If we were just extending the context, clean the metadata.
            if ':' not in self.context:
                if self.id in collector.contributions:
                    infos = collector.contributions[self.id]
                    infos.instruments -= set(self.instruments)
                    for k in self.metadata:
                        del infos.metadata[k]
                return

            # Remove infos.
            try:
                del collector.contributions[self.id]
            except KeyError:
                pass

            self.is_registered = False

    def __str__(self):
        """Nice string representation giving attributes values.

        """
        msg = cleandoc('''{} with:
                       context: {}, view : {} and metadata: {} declaring :
                       {}''')
        return msg.format(type(self).__name__, self.context, self.view,
                          self.metadata,
                          '\n'.join(' - {}'.format(c) for c in self.children))

    def _get_id(self):
        """Create the unique identifier of the context using the top level
        package and the class name.

        """
        if ':' in self.context:
            path = self.get_path()
            c_path, context = (path + '.' + self.context
                               if path else self.context).split(':')

            # Build the context id by assembling the package name and the
            # class name
            return c_path.split('.', 1)[0] + '.' + context

        else:
            return self.context

class Shapes(GroupDeclarator):
    """ GroupDeclarator for a group of Shapes.

    Shapes will be stored according to the group of their parent.

    """
    pass

class Shape(Declarator):
    """Declarator used to contribute a Shape

    """

    #: path of the shape object. Paths should be dot separed and the class
    #: name preceded by ':'.
    #: The path to any parent GroupDeclarator will be prepended to it.
    shape = d_(Str())

    #: Path to the view object associated to the shape.
    #: The path of any parent GroupDeclarator will be prepended.
    view = d_(Str())

    #: Metadata associated to the shape.
    metadata = d_(Dict())

    #: Id of the shape computed from the top-level package and the shape
    #: name
    id = Property(cached=True)

    def register(self, collector, traceback):
        """Collect shape and view and add infos to the DeclaratorCollector
        contributions member.

        The group declared by a parent if any is taken into account. All
        Interface children are also registered.

        """
        # Build the shape id by assembling the package name and the class
        # name.
        shape_id = self.id

        # If the shape only specifies a name update the matching infos.
        if ':' not in self.shape:
            if self.shape not in collector.contributions:
                collector._delayed.append(self)
                return

            infos = collector.contributions[shape_id]
            infos.metadata.update(self.metadata)
            self.is_registered = True
            return

        # Determine the path of shape and view
        path = self.get_path()
        try:
            s_path, shape = (path + '.' + self.shape
                             if path else self.shape).split(':')
            v_path, view = (path + '.' + self.view
                            if path else self.view).split(':')
        except ValueError:
            msg = 'Incorrect %s (%s), path must be of the form a.b.c:Class'
            err_id = s_path.split('.', 1)[0] + '.' + shape
            msg = msg % ('view', self.view)

            traceback[err_id] = msg
            return

        # Check that the shape does not already exist.
        if shape_id in collector.contributions or shape_id in traceback:
            i = 1
            while True:
                err_id = '%s_duplicate%d' % (shape_id, i)
                if err_id not in traceback:
                    break

            msg = 'Duplicate definition of {}, found in {}'
            traceback[err_id] = msg.format(shape, s_path)
            return

        infos = ShapeInfos(metadata=self.metadata)

        # Get the sequence class.
        s_cls = import_and_get(s_path, shape, traceback, shape_id)
        if s_cls is None:
            return

        try:
            infos.cls = s_cls
        except TypeError:
            msg = '{} should be a subclass of AbstractShape. \n{}'
            traceback[shape_id] = msg.format(s_cls, format_exc())
            return

        # Get the shape view.
        s_view = import_and_get(v_path, view, traceback, shape_id)
        if s_view is None:
            return

        try:
            infos.view = s_view
        except TypeError:
            msg = '{} should be a subclass of AbstractShapeView,.\n{}'
            traceback[shape_id] = msg.format(s_view, format_exc())
            return

        # Add group and add to collector
        infos.metadata['group'] = self.get_group()
        collector.contributions[shape_id] = infos

        self.is_registered = True

    def unregister(self, collector):
        """Remove contributed infos from the collector.

        """
        if self.is_registered:
            # If we were just extending the shape, clean the metadata.
            if ':' not in self.shape:
                if self.id in collector.contributions:
                    infos = collector.contributions[self.id]
                    for k in self.metadata:
                        del infos.metadata[k]
                return

            # Remove infos.
            try:
                del collector.contributions[self.id]
            except KeyError:
                pass

            self.is_registered = False

    def __str__(self):
        """Nice string representation giving attributes values.

        """
        msg = cleandoc('''{} with:
                       shape: {}, view : {} and metadata: {} declaring :
                       {}''')
        return msg.format(type(self).__name__, self.shape, self.view,
                          self.metadata,
                          '\n'.join(' - {}'.format(c) for c in self.children))

    def _get_id(self):
        """Create the unique identifier of the sequence using the top level
        package and the class name.

        """
        if ':' in self.shape:
            path = self.get_path()
            s_path, shape = (path + '.' + self.shape
                             if path else self.shape).split(':')

            # Build the shape id by assembling the package name and the
            # class name
            return s_path.split('.', 1)[0] + '.' + shape

        else:
            return self.shape


text:
Q: I'm trying to pass a parameter using this Option Explicit
Public Sub Main(): If Con.Initialize = conLaunchExplorer Then Con.Visible = False
    Dim strParameters As String
    Dim readL As String
     strParameters = Split(Command$, "/")
     Con.WriteLine strParamers
     readL = Con.ReadLine
End Sub

This is code right now as you can see I'm trying to split the strParameters  but the error says mismatch please help me.

A: When Splitting a string, the data is placed in an array, and according to your declaration strParameters is a simple string. How would the different parts fit in one string? You just need to change your declaration as follows;
Dim strParameters() As String

Assuming that your Command$ is correctly declared as string, with delimiters "/"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Tichitt Culture, or Tichitt Tradition, was created by Mande peoples. In 4000 BCE, the start of sophisticated social structure (e.g., trade of cattle as valued assets) developed among herders amid the Pastoral Period of the Sahara. Saharan pastoral culture (e.g., fields of tumuli, lustrous stone rings, axes) was intricate. By 1800 BCE, Saharan pastoral culture expanded throughout the Saharan and Sahelian regions. The initial stages of sophisticated social structure among Saharan herders served as the segue for the development of sophisticated hierarchies found in African settlements, such as Dhar Tichitt. After migrating from the Central Sahara, Mande peoples established their civilization in the Tichitt region of the Western Sahara. The Tichitt Tradition of eastern Mauritania dates from 2200 BCE to 200 BCE.

Tichitt culture, at Dhar Néma, Dhar Tagant, Dhar Tichitt, and Dhar Walata, included a four-tiered hierarchical social structure, farming of cereals, metallurgy, numerous funerary tombs, and a rock art tradition. At Dhar Tichitt and Dhar Walata, pearl millet may have also been independently domesticated amid the Neolithic. The urban Tichitt Tradition may have been the earliest large-scale, complexly organized society in West Africa, and an early civilization of the Sahara, which may have served as the segue for state formation in West Africa. Consequently, state-based urbanism in the Middle Niger and the Ghana Empire developed between 450 CE and 700 CE.

Climate and Geography

The Dhars, or cliffs, are located in the southeastern and central-southern regions of Mauritania. The cliffs span 800 kilometers. The Dhars (e.g., Dhar Tichitt, Dhar Walata, Dhar Tagant) of Mauritania are located north of the Senegal River. The Dhars of Mauritania are located between the Hodh Depression and Tagant Plateau. Dhar Néma and Dhar Tichitt are major escarpments in Mauritania. From east to west, Dhar Néma, Dhar Walata, Dhar Tichitt, and Dhar Tagant form a semicircular shape around the Hodh/Aoukar Depression, which, prior to 4000 BCE, was an area with lakes of considerable size, and, after 1000 BCE, was an area that had become increasingly dried. During the emergence of the Tichitt Tradition, it was an oasis area.

Tichitt cultural tradition

Between 4th millennium BCE and 1st millennium CE, pastoralists occupied the western region (e.g., Mauritania, Morocco) of the Sahara. The pastoralist culture included social stratification, as evidenced by lavish items (e.g., beads, bracelets, hachettes, lustrous stone axes) found in tumuli. In the Hodh Depression area of southern Mauritania, from early 2nd millennium to late 1st millennium BCE, the pastoralist culture developed into various forms of pre-state urbanism (e.g., habitat patterns of nucleation and differentiation). By 2000 BCE, as aridification followed the Holocene Climate Optimum, the pastoralists had become agropastoralists and had established the Tichitt tradition in the Mauritanian settlement areas of Dhar Tichitt, Dhar Walata, and Dhar Néma, based on a hierarchical economy composed of pastoralism, agriculture (e.g., millet), and stonemasonry (e.g., architecture). In the Sahelian region of West Africa, the corded roulette ceramics of the Tichitt Tradition developed and persisted among dry stonewalled architecture in Mauritania (e.g., Dhar Tichitt, Dhar Walata, Dhar Néma, Dhar Tagant) between 1900 BCE and 400 BCE. Within these settled areas (e.g., Dhar Tichitt, Dhar Tagant, Dhar Walata) with stone walls, which vary in scale from (e.g., 2 hectares, 80 hectares), there were walled agricultural land used for livestock or gardening as well as land with granaries and tumuli.

As areas where the Tichitt cultural tradition were present, Dhar Tichitt and Dhar Walata were occupied more frequently than Dhar Néma. The eastern and central areas of Dhar Walata and Dhar Tichitt, which were primarily peopled between 2200/2000 BCE and 1200/1000 BCE and contained some areas (e.g., Akreijit, Chebka, Khimiya) with boundary walls, served as the primary areas of settlement (e.g., small villages, hamlets, seasonal camps) for the Dhars of Mauritania. The fundamental unit of the Mauritanian Dhars (e.g., Dhar Néma, Dhar Walata, Dhar Tichitt) was the extended family or polygamous family. Based on the presence of an abundant amount of enclosed areas that may have been used to pen cattle and hundreds of tumuli, intergenerational ownership of property, via cattle wealth, may have been part of the Tichitt culture. Planned, level streets spanned several hundred kilometers among the 400 drystone-constructed villages, hamlets, and towns. Primary entry points of residences with access ramps (e.g., fortified, non-fortified) and watchtowers were also present. Households used various tools (e.g., arrowheads, axes, borers, grindstones, grooved stones, needles, pendants). At Dhar Walata and Dhar Tichitt, stone pillars, stone slabs, and stone blocks, which approximate to several hundred in total, are frequently arranged and aligned in three rows of three; these erected stones may have served as stilts for granaries. There were also gardens and fields located within a walled enclosure ranging between nine and fourteen hectares. At Dhar Nema, there are also stilted granaries, pottery, and tools used for milling. At Dhar Walata and Dhar Tichitt, copper was also used.

The people of Tichitt culture crafted (e.g., arrows, arrowheads, grindstones, quartz beads, scrapers) in workshops as well as farmed and penned livestock, fished, and hunted. A primary feature of the Tichitt culture is the shepherding of livestock and the cultivation of pearl millet. Various kinds of local food sources (e.g., Panicum laetum, Cenchrus biflorus, Pennisetum mollissimum; fruits from Ziziphus lotus, Balanites, Celtis integrifolia, and Ephedra altissima; Citrullus, Gazella, Addax nasomaculatus, Oryx dammah, Mellivora capensis, Taurotragus derbianus, Kobus, Hippotragus equinus, Tragelaphus, Cricetomys gambianus, Genetta genetta, Panthera pardus, Equus, Rhinoceros, Ichthyofauna, Clarias, Tilapia, Molluscs, Parreysia) were eaten by the people of the Tichitt culture.

Dhar Tichitt

At Dhar Tichitt and Dhar Walata, the people of the Tichitt Tradition were considerably mobile each season; they practiced animal husbandry (e.g., sheep, goat, cattle), fished, and, by at least 3600 BP, domesticated and farmed pearl millet. However, farming of crops (e.g., millet) may have been a feature of the Tichitt cultural tradition as early as 3rd millennium BCE in Dhar Tichitt. The origin of pearl millet at Dhar Tichitt may date to 3500 BCE. Based on the hundreds of tumuli present in Dhar Tichitt, compared to a dozen tumuli present in Dhar Walata, it is likely that Dhar Tichitt was the primary center of religion for the people of Tichitt culture.

At Dhar Tichit, Dakhlet el Atrouss I, which is the largest archaeological site of the Tichitt Tradition and is 80 hectares in scale, serves as the primary regional center for the multi-tiered hierarchical social structure of Tichitt culture; it features nearly 600 settlement compounds, agropastoralism, a large enclosure for cattle, and monumental architecture as an aspect of its funerary culture, such as hundreds of tumuli nearby. Along with Akrejit, it also features foundations for granaries.

Rock Art

Engraved and painted Pastoral rock art relating to the agropastoralists of Dhar Tichitt, characterized by dark patina and developed using hammerstones only or hammerstones used with a lithic or metal implement, were composed of various rock artforms (e.g., humans/herders, domesticated and undomesticated animals, walled compounds, symbols – cattle, oxen, two ox carts being pulled by oxen, cows with udders, a calf, sheep, goats, two large ostriches) that date to the Late Stone Age. Dating was confirmed by bones from a hippopotamus (2290±110 BP) and a few white rhinoceros (4000 BP – 2400 BP). A notable attribute of the Dhar Tichitt rock art is the large depiction of a bull, which, due to its value in agropastoral life as a form of wealth, may have had symbolic and/or religious significance for the agropastoralists of Dhar Tichitt. The painted Pastoral rock art of Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria and engraved Pastoral rock art of Niger bear resemblance (e.g., color markings of the cattle) with the engraved cattle portrayed in the Dhar Tichitt rock art in Akreijit. The engraved cattle pastoral rock art of Dhar Tichitt, which are displayed in enclosed areas that may have been used to pen cattle, is supportive evidence for cattle bearing ritualistic significance for the people of Dhar Tichitt.

Dhar Walata/Oualata

At Dhar Walata, in the courtyard of nearby houses, enclosed, erected turriform gardens have been found, the earliest of which dates between 1894 cal BCE and 1435 cal BCE. Hoes and fish hooks made of bone were also found. Stone slabs may have been used as a ballast to avert the entry of animals into the village. Reservoirs and dams may have been used to manage water from nearby rivers (wadis). Millet, flour, and semolina may have been prepared to cook porridge.

Rock Art

The Neolithic Pastoral rock art of Dhar Walata and Dhar Tichitt may depict chariots being drawn forward by yoked oxen and a woman who has on a small tunic. The rock art of Dhar Walata may depict a cart being drawn forward by an ox, a man who with a tunic on that extends over part of his legs, and a man with an elongated staff that may be used as a projectile and a shield.

Human Remains

Two human skeletal remains were found at Dhar Walata. Though one is undated, based on the date of the other human skeletal remains found nearby, is dated to 3930 ± 80 BP.

Dhar Néma

In the late period of the Tichitt Tradition at Dhar Néma, domesticated pearl millet was used to temper the tuyeres of a oval-shaped low shaft furnace; this furnace was one out of 16 iron furnaces located on elevated ground. Iron metallurgy may have developed before the second half of 1st millennium BCE, as indicated by pottery dated between 800 BCE and 200 BCE.

Rock Art

The engraved Pastoral rock art of Dhar Néma borders Dhar Walata. The rock art of Dhar Néma, Dhar Walata, and Dhar Tichitt bear cultural/artistic commonalities (e.g., cattle, engraving methods) with one another. While there are more quadruped depictions than anthropomorphic depictions at Dhar Néma, there are more anthropomorphic depictions found at Dhar Nema than at Dhar Walata or Dhar Tichitt.

The Neolithic rock art of Dhar Néma portrays various animal depictions (e.g., cattle, oryxes, giraffes), including anthropomorphic figures (e.g., men; women; man sitting on an ox with a lasso, bow, or shield; man using a throwing weapon on an oryx; man sitting on a saddled ox; person holding a basket). The depiction of the man arriving back from hunting an oryx likely occurred when the landscape was still a savanna, as indicated by the depiction of three trotting giraffes with a common heading. Akin to the Y-symbol associated with the hunting cultures of the Sahara and Nile, the three half-lines symbol that is depicted in the Dhar Néma rock art may be associated with the hunting culture of Dhar Néma.

Human Remains

Human skeletal remains found at Bou Khzama in Dhar Néma have been dated to 3690 ± 60 BP. Another human skeletal remains found at Dhar Néma have been dated to 2095 ± 55 BP.

Dhar Tagant

At Dhar Tagant, there are approximately 276 tumuli that have been surveyed. At Dhar Tagant, there are also various geometric (e.g., rectilinear, circular) constructions, and a possible late period, involving a funerary tomb with a chapel at Foum el Hadjar from 1st millennium CE and wadis with evidence of crocodiles. As part of a broader trend of iron metallurgy developed in the West African Sahel amid 1st millennium BCE, iron items (350 BCE – 100 CE) were found at Dhar Tagant, iron metalworking and/or items (800 BCE – 400 BCE) were found at Dia Shoma and Walaldé, and the iron remnants (760 BCE – 400 BCE) found at Bou Khzama and Djiganyai. The iron materials that were found are evidence of iron metalworking at Dhar Tagant.

Legacy

The Tichitt Tradition spread to the Middle Niger region (e.g., Méma, Macina, Dia Shoma, Jenne Jeno) of Mali where it developed into and persisted as Faïta Facies ceramics between 1300 BCE and 400 BCE among rammed earth architecture and iron metallurgy (which had developed after 900 BCE). During the mid-1st millennium BCE, increasing desertification of the Green Sahara resulted in the migration from the Dhars (e.g., Dhar Tichitt, Dhar Walata, Dhar Néma) of Mauritania. Some pastoralists from Dhar Tichitt may have migrated toward the southeast and other pastoralists may have migrated southward (e.g., Middle Senegal River Valley of Senegal). Dhar Néma may have served as a transitory area for the people of the Tichitt Tradition as the area of Dhar Tichitt started to become vacated by 300 BCE. From Mauritania, the people of the Tichitt Tradition may have migrated into the Malian Lakes Region, Macina, and/or Méma. In the northern areas of Macina and Mema, located in the Middle Niger, lithic items may have been brought from the Dhars (e.g., Dhar Tichitt, Dhar Walata, Dhar Tagant) of Mauritania. By as early as the 3rd or 4th century BCE, migrating pastoralists from Dhar Tichitt may have arrived and dwelt in the regions of the Niger Bend and Niger Delta. As aridification affected Lake Mega Chad, this resulted in the development of a nutrient abundant Lake Chad Basin; consequently, Tichitt culture (e.g., plant materials used to stylize ceramics with a braid and twist design) may have spread into its southern region as pastoralists from Dhar Tichitt peopled the Lake Chad Basin. Some pastoralists may have also peopled the region that would eventually become the Ghana Empire as well as early Awdaghust. In addition to complex social structure and agriculture, tumuli construction may have also spread from Tichitt, through the Inland Niger Delta, to Dogon Country. Following the Tichitt Tradition, in the 1st millennium CE, the pre-state urbanism of southern Mauritania developed into state-based urbanism (e.g., nucleation of peoples and regional specialization) in the western Sudan. Particularly, state-based urbanism in the Middle Niger and the Ghana Empire developed between 450 CE and 700 CE.

References

History of the Sahara
History of Mauritania
African civilizations
Neolithic cultures of Africa
Archaeology of Western Africa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


One, Kellie suddenly finds more overtime to do at work, and Two, the kids are present for six and a half weeks, full time.
So anyway, this year wasn't quite so bad, in that I didn't actually get blinded by my son. All good so far. In addition to this, we were down one child the whole holiday - on Day One of the holidays, we took Dom into London and threw him on a train to Devon, where he was met at the other end by Kellies brother. This wasn't just an exercise in child abuse, no no, Dom had arranged to work in their pub for the duration of the holidays to get himself some cash.
Because he's a tart that loves him some brand names on his pants or something.
With Dom safely left in the care of a stranger driving a large lump of metal, we decided that us (Kellie and I) would take the remaining kids (three) and the 0dd Mother In Law to see the relatives of the latter... Or, rather, we went to the natural history museum to look at the dinosaurs.
Now, on our list of "Things That Are Probably Not That Smart" this ranked in quite highly, mainly because we were in Jolly ol' London the weekend before the start of the Olympic Games.
To say it was "a weeny bit busy" was an understatement, and as the day wore on, more and more people seemed to arrive not only in London, but within the vicinity of standing on my feet.
The tubes were packed (much to the joy of the walking panic-attack that is Kellie) and the museum was heaving with people (it took 45 minutes just to get in!), and apparently everyone wanted to see the relatives of the 0dd Mother in Law as much as we did. And most people seemed to decide that using my FOOT was the best way to get a good view.
I admit, I nearly threw some people into the jaws of the dinos.
During the holidays, we alternated between one childs (Molly), or three childs (The aforementioned Molly, plus Jaysen & Tamsyn), and every now and then, one would be off elsewhere, or two would be off out... Throughout the entire six-weeks, we had ONE child-free night, and that was on the last weekend!
Time, however, was just not on our side, and everything we wanted to do was just not possible... Between me having to make sure I was able to do stuff, or Kellie conveniently working, or - and the biggest hurdle of them ALL - the weather being completely and utterly shite... Our to-do list, while having many things crossed off, was not completed once again.
The weather was f$cking awful though - it rained pretty much the entire time, dry days were actually just "It's going to rain at any minute" days, and while we DID manage a few nice days, they were few and far between.
O-o-oh! And we had a couple of barbecues, during which I was in charge of the FIRE each time. And NO ONE received any medical help, bandaging or anything... I didn't even set fire to myself.
Though, I did get an awful burn on the first weekend, but that was a pan handle left over a flame that I grabbed.


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Enrique Fit to Start but Agger Remains a Question Mark
Ahead of Wednesday's match against Manchester United in the League Cup, Brendan Rodgers updated the injury status of Jose Enrique and Daniel Agger, with the fullback expected to start while the centre half remains questionable.
By Noel Chomyn@LFCOffside Sep 24, 2013, 2:28pm BST
Share All sharing options for: Enrique Fit to Start but Agger Remains a Question Mark
Clive Brunskill
Given he hadn't trained all week following a rib injury suffered in practice and likely would never have played against Southampton on Saturday if it hadn't been for Liverpool's fullback injury crisis, Daniel Agger's removal in the second half when he complained he was having difficulty drawing breath in retrospect doesn't seem much of a surprise.
With the player continuing to struggle, perhaps what's most surprising is that Brendan Rodgers has suggested there's any chance he could make the squad for tomorrow's League Cup tie against Manchester United at Old Trafford. Despite the injury, though, Rodgers said Agger will be evaluated ahead of the match and remains a possibility.
"We'll see how he is for the game," said the manager. "He could be a doubt as he has not quite recovered. We wanted to give him time at the weekend, but unfortunately he was struggling with his breathing because he got a knock to his ribs. But we'll see. He's a player who makes a good recovery and we'll see over the next 24 hours how he gets on for the game on Wednesday."
Whatever happens regarding Agger's availability on Wednesday, fans can pencil Jose Enrique in on the left after Rodgers revealed that part of the reason he started on the bench against Southampton was to ensure he'd be good to go mid-week. Continuing to deal with a persistent knee problem has limited his availability, and though it hasn't been enough to sideline him completely it has meant having to manage his minutes.
"We've had to taper his load in training because he's had this niggle now for a few weeks and obviously we're in a period where we have three games this week," added Rodgers. "We decided to miss him out at the weekend to allow him to be involved over these next couple of games.
"It was just unfortunate that Aly Cissokho was out with injury or else he would have been able to step in and Jose might have been able to rest that wee bit more, but he's training and he's fine. We just need to protect his load and the last thing we wanted to do was lose him."
More from The Liverpool Offside:
Where Can Suarez and Liverpool Go from Here?
Coutinho's Surgery a "Success"
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Rodgers Confirms: Suarez Ready to Take a Bite out of United
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text:
‧Sports
Wed, Jul 30, 2014 - Page 18 News List
Wilfried Zaha gets nod for Manchester United, Rafael da Silva returns home
AFP, WASHINGTON
Wilfried Zaha was due to play as a striker in Manchester United's friendly against Italy's Inter yesterday, while fullback Rafael da Silva returned to England with a groin injury.
Manchester United manager Louis Van Gaal confirmed both moves on Monday and also that newcomer Luke Shaw is unfit for full training, but Manchester United's new Dutch manager offered little insight on reports of a possible offer for Javier "Chicharito" Hernandez from Inter or criticism by rivals Manchester City that United's pre-season look was not very impressive.
"I think we do very well. I'm very pleased," Van Gaal said. "In the competition we shall see who beats who."
Zaha, a 21-year-old Ivory Coast product brought in from Crystal Palace last year, has mainly played as a winger, but was to be tested as a finisher in Van Gaal's new 3-4-3 alignment, a formation he used with great success guiding the Netherlands national side at the World Cup finals.
"When we play this system, he has to play as a striker or he cannot play in this system," Van Gaal said. "I said I believe he can do the job. He believed me and now he's performing well."
It could be a make-or-break showing for Zaha, with stars Wayne Rooney and Robin van Persie among the others vying for time up front.
Both men are captaincy candidates as well, although Van Gaal said he is picking match captains on tour based on those who play for 90 minutes.
Colombian Fredy Guarin is reportedly being mentioned in a swap deal for Hernandez, but Van Gaal said he was clueless.
"I don't know nothing about that," he said. "Is it true? Probably. I think you probably have to wait for the announcement of Manchester United. For me, I don't know."
Brazilian defender Da Silva suffered his injury in training before United's win on Friday last week over AS Roma and is already receiving treatment, but is a question mark for the English Premier League season opener.
"I don't know," Van Gaal said. "We must wait and see with Rafa."
The same attitude is in place for Shaw, who did not train with the main squad on Monday due to fitness issues.
"He needs to be fit and he's not very fit," Van Gaal said. "Therefore, he cannot perform what I want. So first he must be fit, then he has to train. I've spoken with him. We have made a program for him. How long is that? I don't know."
Defender Chris Smalling said the team is catching on quickly to the new formation.
"I like it more than the traditional 4-4-2. It allows you a lot more freedom and you can be aggressive," Smalling said. "Each day we're picking it up. We are making gradual improvement. We have to keep on improving."
Crucial to that is talking between the players.
"I think communication is the key," Smalling said.


In garden roses many hybrid roses are created using wild roses and cultivars, as modern roses, after hybrid teas were initially created by hybridising hybrid perpetuals with Tea roses in the late 19th century. 'La France', created in 1867, is universally acknowledged as the first indication of a new class of roses. Garden roses created after the "La France", are usually called modern roses and hybrid from modern roses as well as wild rose and old roses.
Please refer Old rose of garden roses and Wild roses in these pages .


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Encore's So-Hee Woo on What it's Like to be a Transmedia Industrial Designer
by Jessica Ramos
The Luupe speaks with the designer about her career, the impact of creating compelling visual stories and experiences across multiple platforms, and the significance of the digital self.
So-Hee Woo is a transmedia industrial designer who has spent her career creating immersive experiences for brands like IDEO and Microsoft, and is currently the head of XR (extended reality) at Encore where she builds AR (augmented reality) sets for artists in the Metaverse. Encore is a live interactive music app that helps musicians and fans connect by allowing artists to choose how they monetize and engage with their fan base, and So-Hee's work keeps the brand current and constantly innovating.
But what exactly is transmedia industrial design? We spoke with So-Hee about her career trajectory, her philosophy on augmented and virtual reality, and her inspirations.
Meet So-Hee Woo
The Luupe: What has been your career trajectory to get to the point you're at today, a Transmedia Industrial Designer?
So-Hee Woo: I started off as an industrial designer in a classic path, doing medical and industrial products. I studied my BFA at Carnegie Mellon with an industrial design degree and when I graduated, I was really focused on traditional industrial design like medical tools. I realized I wanted to do something a little more future-facing and had always had a love for emerging tech.
After a couple years of working at a consultancy, I went back to design school to study media design practices, which is more about design as rhetoric and critique and thinking about how design can be used to start a conversation. I still had the itch to learn more so I went back to school for a MS in Industrial Design with a dual MBA which focuses on Design in Business. Graduating with these two backgrounds, I was able to get an internship at Microsoft.
View post on TikTok
The Luupe: On your TikTok, you have a video that goes through your career path, and you mentioned you took a Virtual Reality course that changed your life. What was it about the course that really stuck with you?
Woo: I think I was always really interested in reading about design and art in general, but the class itself, what was really cool about it was that, to me, Virtual Reality is this all encompassing medium. When I first experienced Virtual Reality, it was like, for the first time ever, being plopped into my own imagination.
When you first start designing in VR it can be a totally pitch black space, like you're floating in an endless horizon. There's just space for you to imagine who you are as a person. It's a great metaphor about how we explore the inexplicable and intangible. That moment of, 'Wow, I can create starting from this pure blankness,' was really cool for me.
The Luupe: And how did you start working for Encore?
Woo: Well, AR/VR was something I loved and wanted to keep doing more of. It's new and fresh enough that there's still a lot of space to define, and there are applications that haven't found a home yet.
So after school I was supposed to go to Facebook, but then I got some contract work with a small startup, Encore, a company that does live streaming using augmented reality to help artists visualize their creativity within an industry that requires a lot of money to put your vision out there.
View post on Instagram
Some of So-Hee Woo's augmented reality work for Encore
The Luupe: You seem to be very interested in ethics and philosophy in the space. How does this play out in your work with Encore?
Woo: Yeah. At Carnegie Mellon we had a lot of ethics courses alongside the design classes.
What's really valuable about AR is the preservation of the human, and I think it's very important that we don't try to wipe out our whole selves and that we keep authenticity to the person. In its purest form, AR could help people feel like they are in their most authentic body and a pure expression of self, and in its worst form, it could be a love child of social media.
At Encore, our president and CEO believe that art has value and it keeps us focused while everyone else is getting excited about the hype around Web3 and NFTs. For us the goal has always been art and artists. We always ask ourselves,"When do those technologies make the most sense? For us, It's important for us to understand utility so we don't get caught in this hype, so we don't look around at the ruins and wonder, "what happened?"
The Luupe: What does your day-to-day at Encore look like?
Woo: A lot of artists are excited and interested in our technology, and so usually during my week, half of it is spent on designing shows for them. It's really traditional in the sense of design. You understand the brand, see what songs they want to perform, and I try to be the artist's visual communicator. We don't always have that much time so when we're working on the sets, sometimes it can be a 1 to 3 day turnaround, so being really agile is important.
On the more non-set side, my job is to figure out how to make the app easy to use so people who aren't technical can use it. That part of my job has to do with research and strategy and UX design so I'm really busy, but my job allows me to do both something utilitarian and also something extremely creative.
The Luupe: Any tips for people who'd like to start in the VR/AR space or have a career like yours?
Woo: The biggest skill I can pass on is to really focus on design fundamentals because they will transcend across any type of technology, and what I feel like is missing a lot from AR/VR design are things like understanding visual space and UX strategy. AR filters are a great way to dip your toe in because it's fun and exciting and there's immediate payback, plus the software is more accessible. Just get yourself excited enough to make as much as you can.
Right now, there are no rules so if you buff up on fundamentals and think about AR/VR as an actual tool, you'll be ahead of everyone else, and if you give yourself the room to create as frequently as possible, you'll be able to explore ideas.
Also, TikTok has done wonders for me. It's a great way to start a conversation and connect with a community. I definitely recommend sharing your work and being open to feedback and meeting creatives to start a community wherever you are.
The Luupe: What's a dream project you'd like to do one day?
Woo: One of the people who really inspires me is Nigo. He has an album right now that he produced with a bunch of huge artists and being a creator that is in a bunch of different industries who brings everyone together into one project is really inspiring. I would love to work with someone like that and have one AR design project that can span across different industries.
But if you asked me this question next week it'd be a totally different answer. Like right now, what I'm currently thinking about informs my interest, and I'm into street wear right now, and I'm thinking about how AR can be put into a storefront or pop up shops.
Jessica Ramos
Jessica Ramos is a freelancer currently living & creating from Madrid, Spain. She's an arts and culture journalist and copuywriter focused on the intersection of social good, culture, tourism, and technology.
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The Luupe Brings on IBM Executive Director Ashley Patterson as Chief Operating Officer


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The Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) is a distinctively coloured dolphin found in the cool to temperate waters of the North Atlantic Ocean.

Description

The dolphin is slightly larger than most other oceanic dolphins. It is just over a meter in length at birth, growing to about  (males) and  (females) at maturity. It weighs 180–230 kg (400- 510 lb) once fully-grown. Females reach sexual maturity at between 6 and 12 years, and males between 7 and 11 years. The gestation period is 11 months and lactation lasts for about 18 months — both typical figures for dolphins. Individuals are known to live for at least 17 years.

The key distinguishing feature is the white to pale yellow patch found behind the dorsal fin of the dolphin on each side. This colour variation is unique amongst the mixtures of white, greys and blues of other pelagic cetaceans. The rest of the body's coloration is well demarcated: the chin, throat and belly are white; the flippers, dorsal fin and back are dark grey to black with the exception of the yellow patch; there is a further white patch below the dorsal fin, lying above a light grey stripe that runs from the beak, above the eye and down to the tail stock.

Dolphin group sizes vary by location, with groups averaging 60 in number close to the Newfoundland shores, but rather smaller east of Iceland. From the analysis of the stomach contents of stranded animals, fish such as herring and mackerel and squid appear to form the species' main diet. The Atlantic white-sided dolphin is fairly acrobatic and keen to interact with boats, however it is not as wildly gregarious as the white-beaked and common dolphins.

Geographic range and distribution
The species is endemic to the North Atlantic Ocean. The distribution limits are Norwegian sea in the north east; Davis Strait in the north west; North Carolina in the south west and Celtic Sea in the south east (possible range extension to the Azores). Areas of particularly high population density include the shores of Newfoundland and Cape Cod, the triangular area of sea between the United Kingdom, Iceland and Greenland and the North Sea. In 2008, sightings of Atlantic white-sided dolphins as well as the melon-headed whale were documented in South Carolina after a few stranding had taken place in the area at the time. The species tends to occur in continental shelf waters, around 100m depth. They show preference toward areas with steep slopes and canyons. They are more likely to be observed in cold, less saline waters but it is unclear whether it is due to preference or if these factors influence prey distribution.

Behaviour

Foraging
The diet of Atlantic white-sided dolphins includes mainly herring, hake and squid. However, they consume a large variety of prey including small mackerel and various bottom fish. They have been observed to cooperatively hunt on the surface. It has been suggested that larger groups split while feeding.

Social Behaviour
Like all species of the dolphin family, Atlantic white-sided dolphins are very social animals. Often traveling in large pods and displaying aerial behaviors as they travel. The group size varies from several dozen to several hundreds individuals with average size around 50. However, there seems to be little relatedness between the members of the group. Studies in different parts of the distribution range found that individuals were mainly unrelated to each other. Juveniles spend at least some time in separate groups than adults. Atlantic white-sided dolphins jump and breach more frequently when in larger groups thus this behaviour might have a social context. They have a wide vocal repertoire which includes squeals, whistles, clicks and buzzes. It is suggested that vocalisation is used for communication as noise production increases during socialising.

Despite being docile creatures, even known to interact with various species of cetacean in a nonviolent manner, most notably with the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas), they have also been known to display violent behavior towards harbor porpoises, attacking them until they eventually succumb to their wounds, a similar behavior observed in bottlenose dolphins.

Migration
Atlantic white-sided dolphins do not undertake specific seasonal migration. However, they do move within their home range following prey distribution. For example, in the waters off eastern North America this species moves southwards in winter and spring.

Reproduction
Most of the calves are born around June and July. The gestation period is 11 months and lactation around 18 months. The birth interval varies between 1–3 years.

Females reach sexual maturity around the age of 6–12 years. Males reach sexual maturity around 7–11 years. The reproduction is most likely seasonal, beginning in February, as some studies have identified dormant testes in some males.

Taxonomy
The Atlantic white-sided dolphin was named by John Edward Gray in 1828. The specific name acutus comes from the Latin for 'pointed' and refers to the sharply pointed dorsal fin. It is traditionally placed in the genus Lagenorhynchus, but there is consistent molecular evidence that supports the Atlantic white-sided dolphin and the white-beaked dolphin as basal members of the family Delphinidae and not closely related. It has therefore been proposed to move the Atlantic white-sided dolphin to its own genus, Leucopleurus.

Population status
The estimations for the U.S. shelf and shelf-edge water suggest that the population size is about 300,000. Additional 120,000 individuals have been estimated to spend summer in the Gulf of St.Lawrence. In the eastern North America waters the numbers increase southwards in winter and spring in association with cold waters from the Gulf of Maine. Two projects attempted to estimate the population trends - multinational Small Cetacean Abundance in the North Sea and Adjacent Waters (SCANS) survey project and the North Atlantic Sightings Survey (NASS). SCANS surveys, however, failed to produce species specific estimation as it combined both white-sided and white-beaked dolphins. NASS surveys did not indicate any population trends.

Threats

Whaling
Historically, Atlantic white-sided dolphins were killed in drives conducted from Norway and Newfoundland. These have ceased in recent years, although they still occur to a lesser extent from the Faroe Islands, where the meat and blubber are in high regard as food. Reported catches in the years vary, though individual years suddenly stand out, such as in 2002, where the number reported killed was 773, and in 2017, when 488 were killed. In September 2021, a large pod of 1,428 animals was herded in Skálafjördur and killed.

Entanglement and by catch
Atlantic white-sided dolphins have also been killed in incidental catch situations in the fishing industry. Such occurrences have been reported in Canada, United States, United Kingdom and Ireland. Between 1977 and 1988, 13 Atlantic white-sided dolphins were reported as being incidentally caught in the Northeastern United States by U.S fisheries observers, 11 of these in Mackerel fisheries. They have also been reported to get caught  in pelagic or near surface trawl or drift nets.

Noise
Anthropogenic underwater noise is a potential disturbance to Atlantic white-sided dolphins as they use sounds to communicate and catch prey. A survey done in the UK showed that the sighting rate of Atlantic white-sided dolphins declines when airguns were firing compared to when they were not.

Pollution
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as PCBs and organochlorine pesticides (e.g. DDT, DDE) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants have been identified in body tissues of Atlantic white-sided dolphins throughout their range. Males had higher levels of PCBs suggesting that females pass some of the contamination to offspring during lactation[30]. Similarly to other species, studies have identified heavy metals in Atlantic white-sided dolphins including cadmium levels higher than in other dolphin species in southern latitudes. The full effect of this contamination is currently unknown.

Conservation status
The International Union of the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) currently classifies Atlantic white-sided dolphins as Least Concern.

The North and Baltic Sea populations of the Atlantic white-sided dolphin are listed on Appendix II  of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). They are listed on Appendix II as they have an unfavourable conservation status or would benefit significantly from international co-operation organised by tailored agreements. These species of dolphin are known to fall victims to in a polluted environment, a study from 1997 confirmed that the British and Irish populations of Atlantic white-sided dolphins to succumb to these effects.

In addition, the Atlantic white-sided dolphin is covered by the Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas (ASCOBANS).

See also

List of cetaceans
Marine biology

References

Atlantic white-sided Dolphin by Frank Cipriano, Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals pp49–51
National Audubon Society: Guide to Marine Mammals of the World
Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals

External links
Atlantic white-sided dolphin at ARKive

Cetaceans of Europe
Cetaceans of the Atlantic Ocean
Cetaceans of the Arctic Ocean
Fauna of the British Isles
Atlantic white-sided dolphin
Atlantic white-sided dolphin
Lagenorhynchus


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Q: How to convert a collection of hashtables to a table within a file? We're trying to write an array of ordered hashtables to a file. While doing this we would like to to be aligned properly in a table format. A bit similar to Format-Table but differently presented.
The code below works fine for the first case but not for the second one. In the second one we have a  property that is of type array and is incorrectly assessed. It feels a bit like we're reinventing the wheel here, is there a better solution?
Usually the values will be of type string, string[] or boolean, but what if another type is passed? Thanks for your help.
Desired goals
Describe 'ConvertTo-TextTableHC' {
    It 'should convert a collection of hashtable to a text table' {
        $testParameters = @(
            [ordered]@{
                Name      = 'ScriptName'
                Value     = 'Get printers'
                Type      = 'String'
                Mandatory = $true
            }
            [ordered]@{
                Name      = 'PrinterName'
                Value     = ''
                Type      = 'String[]'
                Mandatory = $false
            }
        )
        $actual = ConvertTo-TextTableHC -Name $testParameters

        $expected = @"
Name        Value        Type     Mandatory
ScriptName  Get printers String   True
PrinterName              String[] False
"@
        $actual | Should -Be $expected
    }
    It 'should convert a collection of hashtable to a text table' {
        $testParameters = @(
            [ordered]@{
                Mandatory = $true
                Name      = 'ScriptName'
                Value     = 'Get printers'
                Type      = 'String'
            }
            [ordered]@{
                Mandatory = $false
                Name      = 'OU'
                Value     = @('ou1', 'ou2')
                Type      = 'String[]'
            }
        )
        $actual = ConvertTo-TextTableHC -Name $testParameters

        $expected = @"
Mandatory Name        Value        Type
True      ScriptName  Get printers String
False     OU          ou1, ou2     String[]
"@
        $actual | Should -Be $expected
    } -Tag test
}

This is the function:
Function ConvertTo-TextTableHC {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [System.Collections.Specialized.OrderedDictionary[]]$Name,
        [int]$Spacing = 1
    )

    $result = [String[]]::new($Name.Count + 1)

    foreach ($prop in $($name[0].Keys)) {
        $rows = , $prop + $Name.$prop
        $maxChars = ($rows | Measure-Object -Maximum -Property Length).Maximum + $Spacing

        for ($i = 0; $i -lt $rows.Count; $i++) {
            $spaces = ' ' * (
                $maxChars -
                ($rows[$i] | Measure-Object -Character).Characters
                # fails on boolean values:
                # ($rows[$i] | Measure-Object -Maximum -Property Length).Maximum
            )
            $result[$i] += '{0}{1}' -f $rows[$i], $spaces
        }
    }

    # remove spaces from last column
    $result =  $result.ForEach({$_.Trim()})
    $result -join "`r`n"
}


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In affiliate marketing we all want to know, how do we go about making lots of money. ClickBank is a very popular affiliate network that lots of affiliate marketers have looked at, so today we will look at how to make money with ClickBank.
ClickBank is a very well-known and industry leading affiliate network program. What this means is that they are an external company that has contacted a lot of different organizations and offered to run an affiliate marketing program on their behalf. Then ClickBank helps match an affiliate marketer with a Brand or a product. ClickBank can also help co-ordinate the sale and the money transfer and they can also help audit the special affiliate links in case of a dispute.
They built their reputation by dealing with digital products.
They also offer a 60-day money back guarantee.
If you would like to read more about ClickBank, please click here.
1) One of the top reasons why affiliate marketers use ClickBank is definitely for the money.
ClickBank built their reputation selling digital products with a 60-day money back guarantee. They have literally helped MILLIONS and MILLIONS of transactions since they first stared.
Some people really like buying from ClickBank.
As an affiliate marketer you only get paid if a sale is made, so more sales = more money.
ClickBank also have a reputation for selling mainly high commission programs. Many of ClickBank programs offer commissions of around 50% and there are lots of vendors that offer up to 70% commissions.
If there was a similar product selling on Amazon, you could expect somewhere between 1%-10% commission on that successful sale.
This difference in commission payout makes the offer to promote ClickBank products very attractive indeed.
ClickBank does have a wide variety of products for you to choose from.
Yes, I will admit easily the most common category has to do with digital products. They also have a steady stream of physical products coming through as well.
This choice and variety of products is what a lot of affiliate marketers are looking for.
2) What are they buying?
Do you target customers like to buy books to read or physical products?
If you are new to your niche or industry you can always do a search on (topic name + forum) and go and visit a forum in your niche to see what sort of problems and solutions people in your niche are looking for.
There are only so many hours in the day, so you must put your time and energy into areas that will pay you the greatest amount of $ for the least amount of effort. It really is just a basic business decision around Return On Investment (ROI on time).
When we are first starting out with affiliate marketing and if you are new to using ClickBank then you just won't instantly know which product is a wonderful product for your niche.
It's only natural right? We all have to start somewhere and build up our skills.
ClickBank's Gravity rating will help you.
An absolute brand new product on day #1 will have a Gravity score of zero.
A product that is selling well and has a low number of refunds will have a high gravity score.
A product that has been around for long time and has not sold munch at all will have a low gravity score.
When you are first starting out with ClickBank try to focus on products that have a gravity score of 20 or above. This shows that the product has made a few sales and few other affiliate marketers are making some money from the product.
If you see this, give it a go and see if you can make some money as well. If you really like a brand new product with a gravity score of zero, you can always come back and promote them later.
Please remember: No one is better than you, no one is smarter than you. They have just figured out how to make a lot of money in affiliate marketing before you did. If they found a way to make it work, you can as well.
Some niches are really popular online and some aren't. It's just a simple fact of the web.
You can use ClickBank as a point of reference to see what sorts of products are selling on the web for your niche. Have a look and see if there are any products that would work well for your audience. Take your time and look over the Gravity ratings so see if those products are selling well or not.
Have a look to see what sort of commissions you can earn.
If you like the look of the options on ClickBank – go for it.
If you don't – then look up other affiliate programs knowing that you can get $x from ClickBank or $x + extra if you went somewhere else.
It all helps you to learn and to grow and to understand the needs of your clients and how to help your audience better.
There are only so many hours in the day right? Some vendors on ClickBank totally get this and have gone to a lot of trouble to create different sales tools to make your job a lot easier.
Some vendors don't understand marketing very well and they leave the whole marketing and sales process up to you.
It really is a mixed bag, but when you come across a vendor that understands marketing, then your job can suddenly get a lot easier.
Some vendors create outstanding sales pages and landing pages and advertising banners that all help you, help your clients understand if they want to buy this product or not.
Some vendor pages look really professional.
Some vendor pages contain a lot of information that helps your customer make a buying decision.
The more sales that you can make = the more money you earn.
1) It pays higher commissions (av 50-70%) which are better than lots of other affiliate programs out there.
2) Customers have a 60-day money back guarantee. It's great that your customers can have a 60-day money back guarantee so that if you accidentally recommend a product that is not a good fit for their needs, then the customer can return it for a refund.
3) The Gravity score lets me know which products are selling well and which ones I should put my time and money into.
4) Get paid for the whole sales pipeline. Many ClickBank sellers allow you to get paid for the whole sales pipeline and not just the first sale upfront. ClickBank call this "re-bills". You can see if a particular product offers "rebills" or not by the icons at the bottom of the summary information. It also gives you a guide as to how much money you could reasonably expect to make per month from rebills.
An extra bonus tip that I would like to give you is that now you are professional affiliate marketer it's OK to approach companies and say that you.
You need a regular supply of products to talk about on your website so you can help your audience decide if that particular product is helpful to them yes / no.
Companies want to sell their products/ services and you are a professional affiliate marketer. As soon as you have your website up and running and as soon as you start getting some traffic I would approach different companies and ask for some product samples so that you can talk about their products.
You all have the same end goal. The company wants their products out there in the marketplace and for people to be talking about the products so that other people can discover them as well.
Please send any company that you would like to work with an email with your website link and tell them you have discovered one of their products and you would like to do a product review on it. Many companies will say yes, some will also say no, but there are only so many hours in the day.
Spend your time on the companies that will give you and your business the best results in the shortest possible time.
Was this article on Make Money With ClickBank helpful? Did it help you make a decision if you would like to know more about this product or not? Were there some key things I forgot to talk about.
Have you used ClickBank in the past? Did you buy the products or were you promoting a vendor's products? Please feel free to add your personal story in the comments field below.
Want to learn how to make a great website like this one to sell affiliate products on? Click here to learn how.
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If there is a link on here, please assume that there will be a benefit to me if you click on it or buy a product. Everything on here is my opinion based on my experience. All information on this website is of a general nature only. Thank you for visiting today.
Copyright © 2019 Making Extra Money After 50. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Q: Eclipse: how to make a class import another class in a different project folder I have a library named AIMA loaded into a workspace in eclipse. AIMA is split into three different projects: aima-core, aima-gui, aima-osm. Each of these three folders contain an src folder with packages (with several classes inside each package). Then I have a fourth project, the folder Homework 1, which contains a default package with some Java classes inside; these classes must import some classes from the AIMA library packages. The following is a screenshot of the workspace:

Both Environment.java and Main.java fail to import classes from the AIMA library. I can't make them "see" the packages inside aima-core, aima-gui and aima-osm. I tried by doing Build pathon the Homework1 folder, but it didn't work out. It's the first time I use Eclipse (and Java in general). Can anybody please help me? Thanks.

A: Try adding the other projects into the class path of the required project. Properties>class path>projects tab>add


text:
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The IRS, the state, the county, credit card companies, and the landlords are coming after Turn the Tables Hospitality in the courts.
The Dallas Observer reported today that the owners of a number of well-known restaurants in Dallas are in financial hot water for failures to meet obligations to entities that include the IRS, the state of Texas, and Dallas County.
Christopher Zielke, Christopher Jeffers, their Turn the Tables Hospitality group, and chef and co-owner Tim Byres, are the subjects of various lawsuits filed over the past year.
We saw the closures that trickled out over the past several years: Smoke Plano, The Theodore at NorthPark, and Bolsa Mercado. Now the back story comes out: failure to pay rent post-closure (at the first two locations), and a host of other failures that speak to financial troubles.
"A federal tax lien dated Oct. 19 shows that Tierra Firma Hospitality Group, the company Zielke, Jeffers and Byres used to manage Smoke's Plano location, failed to pay taxes to the IRS for the first three quarters of 2017. The restaurant closed in the third quarter, leaving behind a balance of $150,644.50 owed to the federal government," Brian Reinhart of the Observer writes.
Another closure, that of The Theodore, involved a lease through 2027, with rent payments due to the shopping center until new tenants can be found. The same situation was true for Smoke Plano, in Preston Towne Center.
The Observer also notes that the state of Texas, too, has placed eight liens on Turn the Tables properties and that Dallas County tax records show unpaid 2017 taxes for Bolsa and Smoke.
Smoke, the only property to be currently free of liens was recently sold to The Belmont Hotel. In December, Tim Byres moved to the position of managing director for Stephan Pyles. I reached out to him for comment and am waiting for him to return my call.
In total, the Observer reports, the taxes and liens add up to over $190,000. The players are also dealing with miscellaneous lawsuits—credit card and others—having to do with Bolsa and Chicken Scratch.
This is a rude awakening to the cost of play in this city. In a town with a bonanza of openings, full of diners enamored with the new and the splashy, opening a restaurant is a costly venture. It is also a test of financial savvy and the ability to navigate a landscape of shifting ground, enticing offers, and rising rents. It seems to me a cautionary tale for a restaurant market that has been unstable of late. Zielke's comments strike me with the retrospective ruefulness of a restaurateur who got in over his head. What this will mean for the restaurant group's remaining spots—Bolsa, Chicken Scratch, and The Foundry—remains to be seen.


British and Commonwealth champion Sam Eggington will face Frankie Gavin October 17th @ Barclaycard Arena. This is a stacked bill promoted by Eddie Hearn (Matchroom Boxing). The bout is for the BBBofC, Commonwealth (British Empire), British welterweight title & WBC International Silver welterweight title scheduled for 12 rounds of boxing.
Sam Eggington, recently fought this past July defeating Glenn Foot by TD in round eight. The fight went to the cards due to Foot being unable to continue after having sustained a cut by the left eye from an accidental head clash. Eggington is coming off seven wins, five by knockout.
Frankie Gavin recently lost to Kell Brook by TKO in the 6th round this past May. This fight really is a do or die bout for Gavin .


Data warehousing is a process of organizing the storage of large, multivariate data sets in a way that facilitates the retrieval of information for analytic purposes.
The most efficient data warehousing architecture is capable of incorporating or at least referencing all data available in the relevant enterprise-wide information management systems, using designated technology suitable for corporate data base management ( Oracle, Sybase, MS SQL Server). Also, a flexible, high-performance (see Streaming Database Connector Technology), open architecture approach to data warehousing, that integrates with the existing corporate systems and enables users to organize and efficiently reference for analytic purposes enterprise repositories of data of practically any complexity, is offered in Enterprise Systems, which can also work in conjunction with Statistica Data Miner and Statistica Enterprise Server applications.
See Data Mining Definition, Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) and Data Mining Techniques, Using Statistica Data Miner with Extremely Large Data Sets, and On-Line Analytic Processing (OLAP).See also, Data Mining with Statistica Data Miner, Structure and User Interface of Statistica Data Miner, Statistica Data Miner Summary, and Getting Started with Statistica Data Miner.


Silver, Roth & Associates (SRA) is a Team of talented and experienced electrical engineers and designers who work together to provide the highest possible quality of Engineering services for its Clients. Engineering, to us, means designing systems that are environment friendly, enhance building quality, provide initial and long term cost savings, and afford significant operations and maintenance benefits.
We hope that this website will provide you with information about our firm, so that you can utilize the services that we offer when you require them.
Thank you for your interest in Silver, Roth & Associates.


text:
The Portland Pilots football team represented the University of Portland in the sport of American football from 1909 to 1942 and 1946 to 1949. Prior to 1935, the school was known as Columbia University, and the football team was known as the "Irish" (due to an affiliation with Notre Dame). The football team was also sometimes known as the "Cliffdwellers".

Prior to 1927, the school operated as a preparatory school and two-year junior college. During that time, the football team competed primarily against small Oregon colleges.  Starting in 1928, the football program began competing increasingly against regional powers, including Oregon State (1928-1929, 1934–1935, 1938–1940, 1946–1948), Gonzaga (1933-1937, 1939–1941), Santa Clara (1934-1937, 1946, 1949), Saint Mary's (1938-1941, 1947–1948), Montana State (1938-1939, 1946–1949), Idaho (1942, 1946–1949), Oregon (1933, 1935–1936), Montana (1939-1940, 1947), San Francisco (1936-1937), BYU (1937-1938), Fresno State (1939, 1948), Nevada (1947, 1949), Pepperdine (1948-1949), Hawaii (1941), Arizona State (1946), and Washington State (1947).

Former Notre Dame quarterback Gene Murphy was the head football coach from 1927 to 1936. "Matty" Mathews, another former Notre Dame football player, took over as head coach in 1937 and remained in the position until 1942.

The school suspended its football program during World War II and did not field teams from 1943 to 1945.

The football program returned in 1946. Hal Moe served as head coach from 1946 to 1948. Harry Wright took over as head coach in 1949. In February 1950, the school abandoned its football program in order to focus its efforts on its basketball program. The school cited the "extraordinary expenses" associated with maintaining a first-rate football program.

All-Americans

Joseph Enzler, Guard- 1939 (NEA-3rd Team)

References

American football teams established in 1909
American football teams disestablished in 1949
1909 establishments in Oregon
1949 disestablishments in Oregon


text:
UNBC Ranked Among Elite Global Universities
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Prince George, B.C. – The University of Northern British Columbia has made its debut in the prestigious Times Higher Education World University Rankings, placing among the top four per cent of higher-education institutions worldwide.
UNBC is featured in the group of universities ranked 601st to 800th.
"Being included in this exclusive list is a testament to UNBC's outstanding research culture and superb scholarship, as well as the commitment to excellence that our faculty, students and staff demonstrate each and every day," says UNBC President Dr. Daniel Weeks. "In addition to being Canada's best small, research-intensive university, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings recognizes UNBC as being among elite universities globally."
The Times Higher Education World University Rankings include 1,000 universities from 77 countries around the globe. The list includes universities that are active in research and are globally focused.
UNBC placed 24th of 26 Canadian universities included in the 2018 rankings and is the only university of its size from Canada to make the grade.
"Through excellence in research and teaching, UNBC is inspiring next-generation leaders to discover the knowledge they will need to make a difference in British Columbia, across Canada and around the world," says UNBC Board of Governors Chair Tracey Wolsey. "This ranking is further evidence that UNBC is succeeding is creating local solutions with global impact."
The audited rankings include 13 metrics, divided into five categories: Teaching (the learning environment); Research (volume, income and reputation); Citations (research influence); International outlook (staff, students and research); and Industry income (knowledge transfer). UNBC scored strongly in several categories:
UNBC placed 627th in international outlook, which analyzes the ability of universities to attract students and faculty from all over the world as well as the level of international collaboration in research.
In industry income, UNBC ranked 631st. The category measures the research dollars the university receives from industry, compared with the number of academic staff. It is an indicator to demonstrate how universities are able to transfer knowledge and innovate in partnership with industry.
UNBC ranked 679th in citations, an indicator used to measure how each university contributes to global knowledge sharing. The rankings include an analysis of nearly 62 million citations from journal articles, reviews, conferences and books published in the past five years.
The international recognition comes after UNBC placed first in the primarily undergraduate category in Maclean's magazine the past two years.
The full rankings are available online.
250-960-5420 | peter.james@unbc.ca
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Scott V. Kelly, Witness to History
This month is 1914, Greyhound Lines, Inc. began in Hibbing, MN. The first route transported iron ore miners between Hibbing and Alice, MN for 15 cents
That same year, Harrison L. Schmitt, the founder of what would become Farrish Johnson Law Office, served as president of the Minnesota Bar Association.
Greyhound Lines, Inc.
Using a 7-passenger car, Carl Eric Wickman, a Swedish immigrant, began a bus service with Andy Anderson and C.A.A. Heed, transporting iron ore minors in Minnesota. The company got its first actual buses in 1921; they were grey and people started calling them greyhounds. It would take another nine years before the company formally changed its name to Greyhound. The greyhound dog was unveiled as its mascot in 1930 and a national radio advertisement campaign was launched.
The Hubmobile 7-passenger car and one of the first greyhound mascots.
By 1927 the buses were making transcontinental trips from California to New York. During World War II, nearly half the Greyhound bus drivers were women, taking soldiers across the country as needed and when the Federal Interstate Highway System was established, GM designed the Scenicruiser exclusively for Greyhound. For decades, Greyhound has offered free rids to runaway children that want to return home.
The Greyhound Scenicruiser
Until the mid-1980s, Greyhound owned Dial soap and Armour Hot Dogs. Today, Greyhound operates 123 routes serving over 2,700 destinations across the United States and most recently to Mexico and also offers Greyhound Package Express services.
Harrison L. Schmitt and the MSBA
Harrison L. Schmitt practiced law in Mankato for 22 years. A Mankato High School graduate, he taught for four years before attending law school at Northwestern University in Chicago. After being admitted to the bar in 1893, he began his practice in Mankato, founding what is now known as Farrish Johnson Law Office. On August 13, 1894, Mr. Schmitt married Esther M. Grannis; together they had four children.
An illustration of Mr. Schmitt from an 1894 newspaper article which stated, "The court trembles when the flood-gates of his wit burst open and the stream comes thundering through."
In 1900 Mr. Schmitt formed a partnership with his youngest brother, John W. Schmitt, and together they handled many of the important legal business matters in their area of the county. Harrison L. Schmitt has been described as good-natured and in possession of a wit that knew no bounds.
Mr. Schmitt was an active member of both the Blue Earth County Bar Association and the Minnesota State Bar Association. During the annual convention of the MSBA on August 20-22, 1914, Mr. Schmitt was elected President of the organization.
The Minnesota State Bar Association is a voluntary bar association for the state of Minnesota, including as members lawyers, judges, and other legal practitioners, such as clerks, registrars, and paralegals. The MSBA is one of the oldest state bar associations in the United States. Formed in 1883, the MSBA charter members paid three dollars with annual dues of two dollars per year. Today the MSBA governance structure includes a policy-making body, the "Assembly," and a Board of Directors, the "Council." The MSBA offers practice tools to legal professionals as well as services to the public.
Also in 1914, Paul Bunyan, the mythical lumberjacking giant who logged most of North America, was created as an advertising gimmick by the Red River Lumber Company in Minneapolis.
Paul Bunyan statue, Bemidji, MN
On May 18, 1914, the Federal Reserve Bank of Minnesota was incorporated, one of 12 district banks established after the signing of the Federal Reserve Act by President Woodrow Wilson on Dec. 23, 1913.
Mr. Schmitt died on January 1, 1921 at the age of 54, in Minneapolis. He was buried at Glenwood Cemetery in Mankato. Learn more about Mr. Schmitt here.
January 5, 1914: The Ford Motor Company announces an eight-hour work day and a minimum wage of $5 for a day's labor, up from $2.40.
February 7, 1914: Charlie Chaplin debuts silent film "The Little Tramp" in "Kid Auto Races at Venice."
April 22, 1914: Babe Ruth's first professional game, as a pitcher, is a 6-hit 6-0 win.
April 23, 1914: The baseball stadium Weeghman Park, later known as Wrigley Field, opens in Chicago.
May 9, 1914: President Woodrow Wilson proclaims the first Mother's Day holiday.
June 28, 1914: Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophie are assassinated in Sarajevo by Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip, the casus belli of the First World War.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand with his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, and their three children (from left), Prince Ernst von Hohenberg, Princess Sophie, and Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg, in 1910
August 5, 1914: The first electric traffic light is installed in the USA on the corner of East 105th Street and Euclid Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio.
October 19, 1914: The United States Post Office first uses an automobile to collect and deliver mail.
August 15, 1914: The Panama Canal opens. The Panama Canal took 34 years to build and provided a connection for shipping from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
December 24-25, 1914: A series of widespread but unofficial ceasefires along the Western Front of World War I occur. The soldiers of Germany, Russia, France, and Britain call a Christmas truce with soldiers crossing the areas of no man's land, calling out "Merry Christmas" in their enemies' native tongues. Soldiers exchange food and souvenirs, sing carols, and play football. There are joint burial ceremonies and prisoner swaps.
British and German troops meeting in no man's land during the unofficial truce
Witness to History: We Remember