text:
Der Mokele-Mbembe-Flösselhecht (Polypterus mokelembembe) ist ein Süßwasserfisch aus der Familie der Flösselhechte (Polypteridae), der im mittleren Kongobecken vorkommt. Die Art wurde erst 2006 beschrieben und nach Mokele-Mbembe benannt, einem mythischen, sauropodenähnlichen Wesen, das in den Urwäldern Zentralafrikas leben soll.

Merkmale
Polypterus mokelembembe wird maximal 23,5 cm Zentimeter lang und ist damit die kleinste Flösselhechtart. Der mit Ganoidschuppen bedeckte, langgestreckte Körper ist in den vorderen zwei Dritteln im Querschnitt annähernd rund. Das letzte Körperdrittel ist seitlich abgeflacht. Die Schuppen auf den Körperseiten sind annähernd quadratisch, auf dem Schwanzstiel rhombisch. Der Kopf ist leicht abgeflacht, die Schnauze vergleichsweise spitz, das Maul endständig, die Lippen sind fleischig. Der Abstand zwischen den Nasenöffnungen liegt bei 11,6 bis 13,7 % der Kopflänge. Die Anzahl der Rückenflössel liegt bei 6 bis 8. Jeder wird von 6 bis 8 Flossenstrahlen gestützt. Der erste Rückenflossenstrahl ist breit und erreicht 6,4 bis 8,1 & der Kopflänge. Polypterus mokelembembe hat 57 bis 60 Schuppen in einer Reihe entlang der Seitenlinie, 32 bis 38 Schuppen in einer Reihe rund um den Körper, 32 bis 37 Schuppen vor dem ersten Flössel und 42 bis 47 Schuppen vor den Bauchflossen. Die Brustflossen sind fast rund und reichen nicht bis zum ersten Flössel. An ihrer Basis liegt ein großer schwarzer Fleck. Der Rücken und die oberen zwei Drittel der Körperseiten sind dunkelgrau und zeigen ein Muster dunklerer Bänder und Flecken. Die Bauchseite ist hell, der Übergang zwischen den Farbzonen ist verschwommen.

Polypterus mokelembembe unterscheidet sich von allen anderen Flösselhechten mit Ausnahme von P. retropinnis, P. teugelsi und P. palmas palmas durch die hohe Anzahl von Schuppen vor dem ersten Flössel (32 bis 37 Prädorsalschuppen versus 11 bis 28), von P. teugelsi durch den schwarzen Fleck an der Basis der Brustflossen (zahlreiche kleine Punkte bei P. teugelsi) und von P. retropinnis durch einen breiteren ersten Rückenflossenstrahl, einen kleineren Abstand zwischen den Nasenöffnungen und weniger Brustflossenstrahlen (23 bis 29 versus 30 bis 34).

Lebensweise
Der Mokele-Mbembe-Flösselhecht bewohnt kleine, beschattete Regenwaldflüsse. Wie alle Flösselhechte ernährt er sich räuberisch von einer Vielzahl von Beutetieren.

Literatur
 Schliewen, U. K. & F. Schäfer, 2006. Polypterus mokelembembe, a new species of bichir from the central Congo River basin (Actinopterygii: Cladistia: Polypteridae). Zootaxa 1129:23–36.

Weblinks

Flösselhechtartige


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LOS ANGELES — Long before he was president of the United States or even governor of California, Ronald Reagan had an army of star-struck movie fans who wrote him letters — and who, to their surprise, often got a personal reply.
For one writer in particular, the replies added up to well over 100 as Zelda Multz evolved from teenage president of the Ronald Reagan International Fan Club to a lifelong literary friend of the man who, 40 years after she first wrote to him, became the nation's 40th president.
His letters to her range from brief thank-yous for birthday cards Multz sent him to expressions of frustration at being relegated to roles in movies he knew weren't very good to expressions of heartbreak at the dissolution of his first marriage and to anguish over the failing health of his elderly mother.
"I wish she didn't need to suffer so much all the time, but you don't hear her complain, always smiling and saying, 'I'm fine.' That's my Mom Nelle," Reagan says in one handwritten letter.
As the years pass, the letters come to include the future president's thoughts on politics, his concern for the health of Multz's own elderly mother and his joking responses about his mortality, noting in one missive that he prefers to think of his 81st birthday as the 42nd anniversary of his 39th.
They are variously signed "Ron," "Ronnie" and "Dutch," the latter a nickname reserved for close friends.
The collection also includes more than 350 photos, among them candid shots of Reagan performing such mundane chores as working in his yard.
So she wrote him a letter, not really expecting a reply.
Four years later, she was in charge of Reagan's international fan club and the two would maintain a steady correspondence for decades. Multz and another longtime pen pal, Lorraine Wagner, would also meet Reagan several times, in California, New York and even in his hometown of Dixon, Ill., where he and his mother invited them to join him in a parade in his honor.
Wagner's own collection of letters is at the Reagan Ranch Center in Santa Barbara, donated by a buyer who acquired them through a previous Profiles in History auction.
The pair's correspondence slowed during Reagan's White House years, and letters during that time appear robo-signed.
But it picked up again after Reagan left the White House in 1989 and continued until he was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 1996.


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Max. Intermediate Min. Max. Intermediate Min. Max. Intermediate Min. Max. Intermediate Min. Max. Intermediate Min.
*Calculate C1 and C2 indicated by * by reference to Items Checked for Design Purposes.


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In the United States, food waste is the second most abundant item in landfills. Food waste is also the largest source of methane emissions.
One person wastes about 20 pounds of food a month. Thais equals 30-40% of the food supply in the United States.
According to Save The Food, a 4-person family loses $1500 a year on wasted food.
Did you know that programs around the United States offer food recovery? This allows you to donate any fresh food that is still fit for consumption. This includes unserved foods, produce, day-old baked goods, prepared foods and leftovers from catered events.
This food waste process can occur in two ways. One way is by collecting food scraps for local farms. The farm will then process the food to eliminate bacteria and is then fed to livestock. You can also donats food to Animal Feed Manufacturers. Some items that are accepted are uneaten food items, food prep waste, plate waste, and unpackaged spoiled or outdated foods.
You can eliminate food waste before it happens. Waste is often a subconscious act, so think about what you're buying. Be a smart shopper. Plan out meals ahead of time and only purchase what you need.
At College Hunks, we know the importance of keeping the world around us clean. That's why we donate and recycle as many items we haul as possible. It is our goal to Move The World.


text:
A invasão gaulesa de Roma foi uma invasão dos sênones, uma das tribos gaulesas, ao território da Itália central e ao território da República Romana. Foi marcada pela derrota romana na Batalha do Ália, que se desenrolou na confluência dos rios Tibre e Ália, a onze milhas romanas ao norte de Roma (cerca de 15,5 quilômetros). As forças romanas foram parcialmente destruídas, o que levou ao subsequente saque de Roma. A data tradicional para esta batalha é "quinze dias antes das calendas de agosto de , ou seja, o dia 18 de julho.

Contexto
Os sênones eram uma das várias tribos gaulesas que haviam invadido o norte da Itália e que se assentou na costa do Adriático perto de onde está atualmente a cidade de Arímino (atual Rimini). Segundo Lívio, eles foram chamados até a cidade etrusca de Clúsio por Aruns, um influente jovem da cidade que queria se vingar de Lucumo, que havia "zombado de sua esposa". Quando eles apareceram, os clúsios se sentiram ameaçados (Cerco de Clúsio) e pediram ajuda aos romanos. Foram enviados os três filhos de Marco Fábio Ambusto, um dos mais poderosos aristocratas da cidade, como embaixadores: Cesão, Numério e Quinto Fábio Ambusto. Os três exigiram que os gauleses não atacassem Clúsio e avisaram que os romanos defenderiam a cidade se eles o fizessem. Em seguida, pediram para negociar uma paz. Os sênones aceitaram a paz se os clúsios lhes dessem terras. Houve uma discussão e uma briga começou, da qual os embaixadores participaram. Um deles matou um chefe sênones, uma violação da proteção aos embaixadores, que deveriam ser neutros. Os gauleses então se retiraram para discutir os próximos passos.

Os sênones então enviaram seus próprios embaixadores a Roma e exigiram que os três irmãos lhes fossem entregues. Os senado foi pressionado a não opinar contra a poderosa gente Fábia. Para evitar serem depois responsabilizados por um eventual ataque gaulês, os senadores então deferiram a decisão para a assembleia do povo. Segundo Lívio, "justamente aqueles cuja punição estava sob consulta acabaram eleitos tribunos consulares para o ano seguinte". Os gauleses ficaram furiosos com a afronta depois que justamente os três que haviam violado a "lei das nações" estavam sendo homenageados em Roma, a apenas 130 quilômetros de Clúsio, voltaram para o acampamento gaulês. Lívio conta que "em resposta ao tumulto causado por seu avanço, cidades aterrorizadas se armavam rapidamente e a população rural fugia, mas os gauleses gritavam por onde passavam que estavam indo para Roma".

Tamanho dos dois exércitos

Não se sabe ao certo a quantidade de soldados envolvidos na batalha. Plutarco afirma que os romanos não estavam em minoria e tinham  homens, mas a maioria não tinha treino suficiente e não estava acostumada a empunhar armas. Dionísio de Halicarnasso afirma que os romanos tinham quatro legiões bem treinadas e uma quantidade de cidadãos alistados em número maior, o que também levaria a uma quantidade próxima de . Diodoro Sículo afirma que os romanos tinham  homens. Lívio não apresenta números. Os historiadores modernos Cary & Scullard estimam que os romanos tinham  e os gauleses, 30- homens. Berresford Ellis apresenta uma estimativa de um mínimo de  com base na assunção de que "os romanos tinha...quatro legiões – pois cada cônsul tinha duas legiões sob seu comando — e dado que cada legião tinha  homens". Ele também acreditava que poderia haver um contingente de tropas aliadas. Por outro lado, Ellis afirma que o exército tribal sênone dificilmente poderia contar com mais do que .

Todas estas estimativas para o tamanho do exército romano participando desta batalha são improváveis, especialmente as dos historiadores antigos, que tinham a tendência de exagerar. Em contraste à afirmativa de Berresford Ellis, na época os romanos dispunham de apenas duas legiões e não quatro, um número que só seria alcançado mais tarde, durante a Segunda Guerra Samnita (326–), e o primeiro registro de quatro legiões é de . Naquela época, os romanos não contavam com comandantes militares adicionais aos cônsules: o pretor (instituído em ) e procônsul (prática passou a ser comum em ), que era um cônsul cujo mandato, para fins militares, era estendido até o final da campanha. A primeira menção explícita de um cônsul comandando duas legiões é de . No ano seguinte, os romanos colocaram em campanha seis legiões, quatro, lideradas pelos dois cônsules, lutaram contra uma coalizão de quatro povos (samnitas, etruscos, úmbrios e gauleses sênones) na gigantesca Batalha de Sentino e as outras duas seguiram para outro front comandadas por um pretor. A Batalha do Ália, por outro lado, aconteceu nos primeiros dias de Roma, uma época na qual o exército romano era muito menor e sua estrutura de comando, muito mais simples: os dois cônsules eram os únicos comandantes militares e cada um deles comandava sua legião. Além disso, esta foi também a época na qual o consulado foi substituído por tribunos militares com poderes consulares (geralmente chamados de tribunos consulares). Por causa disto, não havia cônsules para o ano da batalha do Ália, o que torna a afirmação de Ellis, de que cada cônsul teria duas legiões, duplamente anacrônica. Finalmente, o tamanho da legião romana jamais foi . Nos primeiros dias, tinha provavelmente  e, depois,  em capacidade plena (as legiões raramente lutavam nesta condição).

O tamanho da cidade de Roma na época também precisa ser considerado. Na época, Roma ainda era uma cidade-estado de importância regional e cujo território não ia muito além de cinquenta quilômetros da cidade. Cornell nota que as estimativas da população de Roma no final do  baseadas no tamanho de seu território variam entre  e  e acredita que a estimativa mais provável seja 25-. A obra de Fraccaro sugere que existia uma mão-de-obra disponível em idade militar (entre 17 e 47 anos) de , o que já requeria uma população de . Evidências arqueológicas revelam que, no , foi de depressão econômica, o que impediu um crescimento populacional importante. O território romano, por outro lado, havia crescido em 75% no final do , mas o grosso deste aumento era consequência da recente conquista de Veios e da anexação de seu território; seus habitantes, porém, não receberam a cidadania romana, que era um pré-requisito para o serviço militar. Estas considerações tornam extremamente improvável a tese de que Roma teria conseguido colocar em campanha um exército de  homens na época da Batalha do Ália.

Além disto, é preciso notar que os romanos não tiveram tempo suficiente para se preparar adequadamente para a batalha, pois, depois que os embaixadores gauleses foram expulsos pelos romanos, os gauleses imediatamente marcharam para Roma, que ficava a apenas alguns dias de marcha de distância. O exército romano da época era pouco mais do que uma milícia em tempo parcial de fazendeiros camponeses que eram alistados para o período de campanhas anual e retornavam depois para suas terras. Nem todos os homens em idade militar eram alistados todos os anos e, além disto, alguns destes soldados certamente viviam a alguma distância de Roma e precisariam de tempo para se mobilizar.

O tamanho da força dos sênones também não deve ser superdimensionada. A estimativa dada por Cary & Scullard de 30- é bastante improvável. Berresford Ellis nota corretamente que esta estimativa de  já era bastante alta para uma única tribo.

Batalha do Ália

Há apenas dois relatos antigos com detalhes sobre a batalha, o de Lívio e o Diodoro Sículo.

Segundo Lívio, nenhuma medida especial foi tomada em Roma e o alistamento "não foi maior do que o usual em campanhas ordinárias". Os gauleses marcharam para lá tão rápido que "Roma ficou estupefata pela rapidez com que eles se moveram, o que é revelado tanto pela pressa em acertar o exército, como se ele estivesse se organizando por uma emergência inesperada, e pela dificuldade em se distanciar mais do que a décima-primeira pedra miliária". Segundo ele, os romanos estavam em grande desvantagem numérica, não tiveram tempo de construir uma paliçada defensiva e não realizaram os rituais religiosos costumeiros. As duas alas foram rapidamente perfiladas e foram estendidas para que o exército todo não fosse flanqueado, mas este movimento fez com que a linha de combate ficasse estreita demais no centro, que quase não conseguia mais se manter. As reservas estavam numa colina à direita. Breno, o chefe senone, suspeitou de que este movimento era uma armadilha e que os reservistas tinham ordens de atacá-lo pela retaguarda enquanto suas forças lutavam na planície e, por isso, resolveu atacar a colina.

Os romanos entraram em pânico. A ala esquerda largou suas armas e correu para o Tibre. Os gauleses mataram os soldados, que estavam tropeçando uns nos outros na fuga desordenada. Os que não conseguiam nadar ou estavam pesados demais por causa de armaduras se afogaram. Ainda assim, a maior parte destes homens conseguiu chegar em Veios, a cidade etrusca recém-conquistada por Roma que ficava na outra margem, mas não enviaram mensageiros para alertar a cidade de Roma. A ala direita, que estava longe do rio e perto da colina, tentou fugir para Roma. Os gauleses ficaram muito surpresos pela facilidade com que haviam vencido os romanos.

O historiador grego Diodoro Sículo conta que os romanos,  homens, marcharam e atravessaram o Tibre, ou seja, ele localiza a batalha na margem etrusca (direita) do rio. Os romanos perfilaram seus melhores soldados na planície e as piores numa colina próxima. Os gauleses também se perfilaram e colocaram seus melhores homens na colina, vencendo rapidamente a batalha ali. O grosso dos soldados romanos na planície então começou a fugir para o rio de forma desordenada e acabaram tropeçando entre, permitindo que os gauleses massacrassem os que ficavam para trás. Alguns romanos tentaram cruzar de volta o rio vestindo suas armaduras, que, segundo Diodoro, eles valorizavam mais que suas próprias vidas. Alguns se afogaram e outros conseguiram chegar na outra margem rio abaixo com grande dificuldade. Conforme os gauleses continuavam a se aproximar para matar os romanos, os soldados jogaram fora suas armas e nadaram sob uma chuva de dardos. A maior parte dos sobreviventes fugiu para Veios e alguns conseguiram chegar em Roma levando consigo a notícia da destruição do exército.

Plutarco afirma que os romanos chegaram a acampar e que os gauleses os atacaram ali. Teria ocorrido uma "desordenada e vergonhosa batalha" na qual a ala esquerda teria sido empurrada até o rio e destruída, a direita se retirou diante do ataque gaulês e o centro escapou para Veios. que pode ser o mesmo Lúcio Albino que levou as virgens vestais até Cere, uma cidade cujo papel na história do saque de Roma é incerto e pode ter sido maior do que o que lhe é atribuído pela tradição romana.

Há ainda a questão do motivo pelo qual os sênones estariam na Itália central. Os escritores antigos afirmam que eles teriam sido atraídos pelas terras férteis. Porém, segundo Cornell, este argumento é pouco convincente. Por toda a história, os sênones aparentam ter sido um grupo de guerreiros e não há menção em nenhum dos relatos de mulheres e crianças, que estariam presentes se estes gauleses de fato fossem um povo migrante em busca de terras. Ele acredita que eram mercenários. Alguns meses depois do saque de Roma, Dionísio I de Siracusa, tirano da cidade de Siracusa, na Sicília, contratou mercenários para uma guerra no sul da Itália e é possível que os sênones estavam seguindo para lá por conta disto. A história de sua derrota na volta do sul da Itália também parece se encaixar com esta hipótese. É possível ainda que os sênones teriam ido a Clúsio por terem sido contratados por uma das duas facções políticas em conflito para interferir as disputas políticas da cidade, um motivo mais plausível que a romanceada versão de Aruns tentando vingar sua esposa.

Recuperação
O saque de Roma foi uma grande humilhação e um revés nos planos romanos de expansão, forçando-os à batalhas defensivas novamente, uma situação idêntica ao século anterior. Houve um conflito contra as cidades costeiras etruscas de Tarquínia e Vulsci, que Roma acabou vencendo; colônias foram fundadas em Sútrio e Nepete para garantir a ocupação do território conquistado no sul da Etrúria. Houve ainda ataques de volscos, em cujo território foram fundadas as colônias de Sátrico e Sétia, e équos.

Alguns historiadores modernos, como Beloch, descartam estas vitórias logo depois do saque. Uma razão é que elas não são mencionadas pelos historiadores gregos Diodoro Sículo e Políbio. A outra é que Roma estava danificada demais para ter sido tão vitoriosa militarmente. Lívio afirma que ela foi incendiada e que teria, depois disto, adquirido um leiaute caótico por causa da reconstrução apressada. Contudo, Cornell nota que Diodoro e Políbio fazem poucas referências a este período. Ele também discorda do tamanho do dano causado à cidade, lembrando que não há nenhum vestígio arqueológico dos danos provocados pelo saque. Sinais de incêndio que acreditava-se no passado terem sido da época deste saque foram depois datados para a época da revolução que acabou com a monarquia romana mais de um século antes. Cornell acredita que os sênones saquearam de fato a cidade, mas só queriam o saque e deixaram a maior parte dos edifícios em paz até serem subornados. Segundo ele, era bastante comum que o leiaute das cidades antigas fosse caótico e acrescenta que a recuperação de Roma teria sido ajudada pela consolidação da posse do território recém-conquistado de Veios ao conceder a seus habitantes a cidadania romana sem direito a voto e pelo estreitamento dos laços com Cere. Depois de um revés inicial e da defesa vitória contra os ataques oportunistas, Roma rapidamente teria tido condições de reiniciar sua expansão.

O saque incutiu nos romanos um profundo terror em relação aos gauleses. Em , gauleses de uma tribo não especificada atacaram o Lácio, nada mais do que bandos em busca de saque. Numa segunda ocasião, conta-se que Marco Valério Corvo teria travado um duelo contra um campeão entre os gauleses. Políbio conta que Roma negociou uma paz com os gauleses, que não retornaram por trinta anos. Apesar de ter derrotado os sênones na Batalha de Sentino, durante a Terceira Guerra Samnita (298-), o medo popular dos gauleses perdurou. Em 228, 216 e , o medo de ataques gauleses levou os romanos a realizarem sacrifícios humanos, queimando vivos um par de gauleses e um par de gregos, um costume estranho aos romanos, supostamente para evitar o perigo de um novo desastre.

Lendas sobre Breno
A "Historia Regum Britanniae", escrita por volta de 1136 por Godofredo de Monmouth sobre os lendários reis da Britânia, afirma que Breno teria liderado tanto gauleses quanto bretões. Ele teria cercado Roma por três dias até a chegada de seu irmão para ajudar na invasão. Os romanos defenderam a cidade por muitos dias e conseguiram repelir o ataque. Finalmente, os dois cônsules puseram suas armaduras e ajudaram seus homens na defesa da cidade. Eles forçaram o recuo dos invasores, mas Belino conseguiu reagrupar as fileiras e interromper o ataque. Breno e Belino continuaram avançando até a muralha ser ultrapassada, permitindo que bretões e gauleses invadissem a cidade. Segundo esta versão, Breno teria ficado em Roma e governado cruelmente pelo resto de sua vida.

Bibliografia

 Berresford Ellis, P., Celt and Roman, St. Martin's Press, 1998
 Cary, M. and Scullard, H.H., A History of Rome: Down to the Reign of Constantine, Bedford/St. Martin's, 1975
 Cornell T.J., The Beginnings of Rome Routledge, 1995,

Ligações externas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
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    }]);

    inject(function(_$compile_, $rootScope) {
      scope = $rootScope.$new();
      compileElement = function(html) {
        return _$compile_(html)(scope);
      };
    });
  });

  describe('Form Policy 5 - show errors on blur but once form submitted, show them immediately', function() {

    var $compile, scope;
    var PATTERN_ERROR = 'Pattern error', REQUIRED_ERROR = 'Required error',
      VALID_DATA = '1234', INVALID_DATA = '123';

    var elementText = '<form name="frm" form-submit="returnFalse()">' +
      '<input name="fld" type="text" ng-model="postcode" field-error-controller ng-required="true" ng-pattern="/^\\d{4}$/">' +
      '<error-container field-name="fld" ' +
      'field-errors="{required: \'' + REQUIRED_ERROR + '\', pattern: \'' + PATTERN_ERROR + '\'}" ' +
      'text-errors="[\'someData\']" ' +
      '></error-container>' +
      '</form>';
    var elem, errorDiv, inputElem = 'An error occurred';

    function compileFieldTemplate($c, $r, htmlStr) {
      $compile = $c;
      scope = $r.$new();

      scope.returnFalse = function() { return false; };

      elem = angular.element(htmlStr);
      $compile(elem)(scope);
      scope.$digest();

      errorDiv = elem.find('div').eq(0);
      inputElem = elem.find('input');
    }

    // beforeEach(angular.mock.module('form.controls.forminput.template'));
    beforeEach(function() {

      inject(function($compile, $rootScope) {
        compileFieldTemplate($compile, $rootScope, elementText);
      });
    });

    it('should show errors when the field loses focus, but after the form is submitted, it should show the errors immediately', function() {
      // Initially, there are no errors
      expect(errorDiv.find('div').length).toEqual(0);
      expect(errorDiv.find('div').find('span').text()).toEqual('');

      inputElem.val(INVALID_DATA).triggerHandler('change');

      expect(errorDiv.find('div').length).toEqual(0);
      expect(errorDiv.find('div').find('span').text()).toEqual('');  // Pattern error is not shown yet, not until blur

      // Trigger blur event, error appears
      inputElem.triggerHandler('blur');

      expect(errorDiv.find('div').length).toEqual(1);
      expect(errorDiv.find('div').find('span').text()).toEqual(PATTERN_ERROR);

      // Fix the error, the error appears fixed immediately (occurs because an error is already showing - see subsequent test)
      inputElem.val(VALID_DATA).triggerHandler('change');

      expect(errorDiv.find('div').length).toEqual(0);
      expect(errorDiv.find('div').find('span').text()).toEqual('');

      // Trigger a blur to finish our editing
      inputElem.triggerHandler('blur');

      // Now that no errors are showing, we can change the field again and nothing will appear until we BLUR or SUBMIT
      inputElem.val('').triggerHandler('change');

      expect(errorDiv.find('div').length).toEqual(0);
      expect(errorDiv.find('div').find('span').text()).toEqual('');

      // Now submit the form and see the error change to REQUIRED
      elem.triggerHandler('submit');

      expect(errorDiv.find('div').length).toEqual(1);
      expect(errorDiv.find('div').find('span').text()).toEqual(REQUIRED_ERROR);

      // Now, as soon as the field changes, the errors appear immediately...
      inputElem.val(INVALID_DATA).triggerHandler('change');

      expect(errorDiv.find('div').length).toEqual(1);
      expect(errorDiv.find('div').find('span').text()).toEqual(PATTERN_ERROR);
    });

    it('should show errors when the field loses focus, and when an error is showing, other errors can show on-change', function() {
      // Initially, there are no errors
      expect(errorDiv.find('div').length).toEqual(0);
      expect(errorDiv.find('div').find('span').text()).toEqual('');

      inputElem.val(INVALID_DATA).triggerHandler('change');

      expect(errorDiv.find('div').length).toEqual(0);
      expect(errorDiv.find('div').find('span').text()).toEqual('');  // Pattern error is not shown yet, not until blur

      // Trigger blur event
      inputElem.triggerHandler('blur');

      expect(errorDiv.find('div').length).toEqual(1);
      expect(errorDiv.find('div').find('span').text()).toEqual(PATTERN_ERROR);

      // Now change the value but don't change focus. Because there is already an error showing, this other error appears immediately.
      // Not terrible behaviour, but initially unexpected when designing this.
      inputElem.val('').triggerHandler('change');

      expect(errorDiv.find('div').length).toEqual(1);
      expect(errorDiv.find('div').find('span').text()).toEqual(REQUIRED_ERROR);
    });
  });

  describe('Form Field elements', function() {

    it('should not throw an error when the element does not have a FORM parent (with a form-controller)', function() {
      function shouldWork() {
        elem = compileElement('<input type="text">');
      }
      expect(shouldWork).not.toThrow();
    });

    // We should check what happens when: multiple form elements with the same name, destroying form element...
  });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Appeals court puts voter purge on hold, handing Democrats a win
VOTER ROLLS CASE
SCOTT BAUER Associated Press
A Wisconsin appeals court based in Madison on Tuesday put on hold an order to immediately remove up to 209,000 names from the state's voter registration rolls, handing Democrats who had fought the move a victory in the battleground state.
The appeals court sided with the bipartisan state Elections Commission in putting the brakes on removing any voters while the court fight continues. It also put on hold a ruling in which a judge on Monday found the commission and its three Democratic members in contempt for not proceeding with removing the voters.
The orders effectively hit the pause button on the fast-moving case and means there will be no immediate change to the state's voter registration rolls. There are a number of elections coming soon, including a February primary for a state Supreme Court seat, a primary in the special election to fill the 7th Congressional District seat and races for a host of local offices. Wisconsin's presidential primary is on April 7.
The issue is unlikely to be resolved in court before the presidential election. The League of Women Voters of Wisconsin also filed a federal lawsuit to stop deactivation of the targeted voters. The league describes itself as non-partisan, but it has been on the same side as Democrats on voter access issues.
A conservative law firm that brought the case — the Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty — had wanted the purge to happen immediately, even though the Elections Commission raised concerns about the accuracy of data used to identify voters whose registrations would have been deactivated.
The law firm's president, Rick Esenberg, didn't directly address the court's order in a statement.
"What is true yesterday is true today," he said. "The Wisconsin Elections Commission isn't following state law, and we look forward to making that case in the Court of Appeals."
The case is being watched closely, as Wisconsin is among a group of swing states being targeted by both Democrats and President Donald Trump this year. Trump narrowly won Wisconsin in 2016, by fewer than 23,000 votes, putting even more of a focus on every voter in the state.
Trump was back in the Wisconsin on Tuesday night for a rally in Milwaukee, kicking off what is expected to be an intense fight to win the state.
The voter purge lawsuit argued that the state Elections Commission broke the law when it did not remove voters from the rolls who did not respond within 30 days to a mailing in October indicating they may have moved.
The commission wanted to wait until after the November 2020 presidential election before removing anyone because of inaccuracies found while previously attempting to identify voters who may have moved. Even if voters have their registrations deactivated, they can register again later or on Election Day when they show up at the polls if they have proof of residency and a valid photo ID required for voting.
Republican commissioners at the Tuesday meeting voted to send another mailer to the targeted voters in May, telling them they would have their registrations deactivated if they didn't respond within 30 days. It failed on a deadlocked 3-3 vote, with all Democrats against.
"It's terrible and terribly disgusting the other commissioners won't do anything to clean up this list," said Republican commissioner Bob Spindell.
But Democratic member Mark Thomsen said no voter should be targeted for removal until next year, as the commission originally planned.
"We're making a mockery of ourselves," he said of the commission's renewed discussion of removing voters.
Because voters who moved were concentrated in more Democratic parts of the state, liberals argued that the lawsuit was meant to lower turnout on their side. Republicans countered that it was about reducing the likelihood of voter fraud and making sure that people who have moved are not able to vote from their previous addresses.
A judge last month sided with conservatives and ordered the removal of the voters. After the bipartisan Elections Commission deadlocked on proceeding with the purge, the judge on Monday found it and its three Democratic commissioners in contempt, and again ordered the voters' names removed.
Hours later, a divided Wisconsin Supreme Court declined to take the case. That shifted the fight back to the appeals court, which sided with the commission on Tuesday and put the judge's original ruling on hold.
A three-judge panel in the 4th District of the appeals court — Michael Fitzpatrick, JoAnne Kloppenburg and Jennifer Nashold — issued the ruling. They said they would have a follow-up order later that explains their reasoning, but that they wanted to act quickly, given the contempt order and the commission's meeting.
Nashold was elected to the court last year after running unopposed. Fitzpatrick also ran unopposed and was first elected in 2017. Kloppenburg has been on the appeals court since 2012 and also ran unsuccessfully twice for the state Supreme Court with Democratic support.
State-government
Politicsother
Voter Purge
State Elections Commission
Wisconsin Institute For Law And Liberty
League Of Women Voters Of Wisconsin
Wisconsin Supreme Court
Wisconsin Elections Commission
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Winter weather advisory Wednesday just a warm-up for big snowstorm for Wisconsin Friday into Saturday
The area will see light ice and snow Wednesday, but several inches of snow are expected for the weekend storm, with parts of the state possibly seeing a foot, according to forecasters.
Wisconsin voter purge ruling appealed to state Supreme Court
The three judges on the appeals court panel said they granted the stay because the Elections Commission was likely to succeed on appeal.
Wisconsin Elections
Check to see if the state Elections Commission thinks you may have moved
To see if you are among the 232,000 voters who were sent a mailing in October, search the database below.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Dramatic purple fronds frosted with shimmering silver. A perfect foliar color punch for container combos, edging; adaptable and more tolerant of heat, sun and clay than most ferns. Fern Burgundy lace is a real showstopper. Clump forming. Will probably need some winter protection if grown in zone 4. The Latin name for this Fern is Athyrium Niponicum pictum.


text:
Snippets = window.Snippets || {};

(function(S, $) {

  var TagCompletion = function(options) {
    this.options = options || {};
    this.default_url = '/snippets/tag-hint/';
  };

  function clean_and_split(text, delimiter) {
    var cleaned = [],
        pieces = text.split(delimiter || ',');

    for (var i = 0; i < pieces.length; i++) {
      if (pieces[i].match(/\w+/)) {
        cleaned.push(pieces[i].replace(/^\s+|\s+$/, ''));
      }
    }
    return cleaned;
  }

  function get_last_piece(text) {
    var cleaned = clean_and_split(text, ',');
    if (cleaned.length > 0) {
      var last = cleaned[cleaned.length - 1];
      if (last.match(/\w+/))
        return last;
    }
  };

  TagCompletion.prototype.fetch_results = function(request, response) {
    var url = this.options.url || this.default_url,
        term = request.term,
        last_piece = get_last_piece(term);

    if (!last_piece)
      response([]);

    var pieces = clean_and_split(term),
        all_but_last = '';
    pieces.pop();

    if (pieces.length > 0)
      all_but_last = pieces.join(', ') + ', ';

    $.getJSON(url, {'q': last_piece}, function(data) {
      var results = [];
      $.each(data, function(k, v) {
        v.label = v.tag + ' (' + v.count + ')';
        v.value = all_but_last + v.tag + ', ';
        results.push(v);
      });
      response(results);
    });
  };

  TagCompletion.prototype.bind_listener = function(input_sel) {
    var self = this;

    this.input_element = $(input_sel);

    this.input_element.autocomplete({
      minLength: self.options.min_length || 3,
      source: function(request, response) {self.fetch_results(request, response);},
    });
  };

  var SnippetCompletion = function(options) {
    this.options = options || {};
    this.default_url = '/search/autocomplete/';
  };

  SnippetCompletion.prototype.render_item = function(ul, item) {
    var html = ''+item.label+'';

    return $('

')
      .data('item.autocomplete', item)
      .append(html)
      .appendTo(ul);
  }

  SnippetCompletion.prototype.fetch_results = function(request, response) {
    var term = request.term,
        url = this.options.url || this.default_url;

    $.getJSON(url, {'q': term}, function(data) {
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  S.TagCompletion = TagCompletion;
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})(Snippets, jQuery);


text:
Q: Vertical list with horizontal overflow Is it possible using a standard unordered list with a fixed height, to have overflowing elements flow into the next column.
Essentially I'm trying to achieve a magazine style layout where each article is stacked vertically.
Example code at http://jsfiddle.net/uDAJy/1/
I would expect the list items numbered 2, to be in the next column.
Thanks
Ben
Solution
I'm going to go down the CSS3 route that @Sime posted where possible.
For IE:
As the articles on the page are variable widths I couldn't find a clean solution without doing some server side programming.
This involved first calculating the number of items per column (forgive the c#):
int itemsPerColumn = Model.Posts.Count / 5; // 5 columns on our page

if (Model.Posts.Count % 5 > 0) {
    itemsPerColumn++; // so 8 articles would yield 2 per column
}

We then loop through each article and increment a counter.
If i % itemsPerColumn == 0 we create an opening column div.
After rendering the item we check if (i + 1) % itemsPerColumn == 0 and if so render a closing column div.
Then we increment the counter.
Not quite as nice as the CSS3 solution but it works :)

A: This article on A List Apart demonstrates some of the most acceptable ways of acheiving what you're after.
As far as I know, at the moment, there's no native way to create a multi-column list using a single CSS property etc.

A: Here you go:
HTML:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

CSS:
.wrapper {
    border:2px solid red;
    height:604px;
    width:464px;
    padding:16px;
    -webkit-column-width:144px;
    -webkit-column-gap:16px;
    -moz-column-width:144px;
    -moz-column-gap:16px;
    column-width:144px;
    column-gap:16px;
}

.wrapper li {
    width:144px;
    height:108px;
    background:#ccc;
    margin:16px 0;
}

Live demo: http://jsfiddle.net/uDAJy/5/show/
This should work in all browsers except IE. (I only have Chrome on my notebook, so I can't test this in the other browsers.)

A: http://jsfiddle.net/uDAJy/2/
If you can target browsers that support CSS 3 column-count.
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-multicol/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
News from the Department of Archaeology at the University of Reading
You are currently browsing articles tagged discoveries.
Central Zagros Archaeological Project: Excavations at the Early Neolithic Site of Bestansur
May 11, 2016 in Research, Roger Matthews, Wendy Matthews by katberry
Professor Roger Matthews & Dr Wendy Matthews spent their Easter at the early Neolithic site of Bestansur, Iraqi Kurdistan. The excavations at Bestansur are significant as it is such an early settlement, dating to about 7700/7600 BC. At nearly 9000 years old, this provides us with some fantastic evidence for the very first steps of the transition from hunting to farming in the Neolithic period in this region.
The discoveries this season include the careful excavation of a very special building (Building 5) made of lumps of clay with plastered walls & floor, which had an unusual number of human remains interred beneath it. The team have identified a large number of human remains, mostly disarticulated, and often from very small children.
As seen in the video linked to below, one of the theories is that the building may be a special building for the burial of dead people – some of the remains seem to be coming from quite far distances, which is why the bones are disarticulated. With some of the bodies the team also found small offerings, such as beads of clay or stone, including a bead of carnelian which would have had to be imported from Iran or Afghanistan.
About the Excavation
Map to show location of Bestansur and other relevant Neolithic sites of the region.
A University of Reading and Sulaimaniyah Antiquities Directorate team recently conducted a sixth season of excavations at the Early Neolithic settlement site of Bestansur, Sulaimaniyah Province, Iraqi Kurdistan, between 26 March and 15 April 2016. The team comprised Roger Matthews, Wendy Matthews and Kamal Rasheed Raheem (Co-Directors), Kamal Rauf Aziz and Sami Jamil Hama Rashid (Sulaimaniyah Antiquities Directorate), Amy Richardson (University of Oxford), Sam Walsh (UCLAN), Adam Stone and Tom Moore (University of Reading) and local excavators. We are very grateful to Sulaimaniyah Directorate of Antiquities for all their support, in particular to the Director, Kamal Rasheed Raheem, the Director of the Museum, Hashim Hama, and our government representatives, Kamal Rauf Aziz and Sami Jamil Hama Rashid, who helped us in many ways and contributed greatly to the success of the season. We are grateful to them all for their hard work all season.
The excavations were financially supported by generous grants from the Gerald Averay Wainwright Fund of the University of Oxford and the British Institute for the Study of Iraq. We are very grateful to these bodies for their kind support.
Excavations at Bestansur, an Early Neolithic settlement
Dr Sam Walsh excavating human remains in Building 5.
Excavations at Bestansur focused on expansion of Trench 10 to investigate a neighbourhood of Neolithic architecture on the lower eastern slopes of the mound, in an area of 18 x 14m.
This season's excavations in Trench 10 aimed firstly to investigate and analyse of the human burials below the floors of Space 50 and the stratigraphic context of these, and secondly to define the extent of the building in which they were placed, Building 5, radiocarbon dated to c. 7700 BC.
We established that there are an exceptional number of human remains interred within Space 50. The excavations this season increased the number of individuals identified to more than 55 people, with more remains detected but left preserved in the ground for the next season. This number of individuals is higher than that found in many houses from other Neolithic sites of the Middle East, such as Tell Halula in Syria, for example, where 5-15 individuals were buried within single buildings. The high number within Building 5 at Bestansur is larger than expected for a single household and suggests that there were extensive and long-lived inter-relations between communities.
Four principal groups of human remains were investigated in the south and east of Space 50. All of these represent selective burial of particular skeletal parts,
Cluster of human skulls and other bones buried under room floor
predominantly of skulls, long bones and ribs. Two of these groups were of mixed age ranges. One group included red-pigmented material around clusters of bones and another group included traces of white mineral material on many bones and a skull as well as red pigment. A third group comprised predominantly juveniles and infants. The fourth assemblage was represented scattered remains of human bone and beads in the fill below the floors. One unusual bead of carnelian, imported from Iran or Afghanistan, was also found (Fig. 7).
As the walls of Space 50 slope inwards, c. 10 cm of deposits have been left against the base and lower sections of the walls. These microstratigraphic sequences were carefully cleaned with an artist's palette knife, photographed and drawn at 1:5 and 1:10 to investigate the history of the construction and use of Building 5 and the complex burial sequence throughout the foundation, occupation and infill of the Building.
Carnelian bead from burial deposits under room floor
The north of Building 5, the western narrow rooms and the northwest corner of Space 50 and adjacent buildings were defined by extending trench 10 to the northwest.
We will continue excavation of this extraordinary deposit and building in spring 2017 and beyond.
Recording of human remains was conducted in the field and the laboratory by osteoarchaeologist Dr Sam Walsh (Fig. 4). We are very grateful to the Sulaimaniyah Antiquities Directorate for permission to export human bones and teeth for analysis to study diet, health and mobility. We will be carrying out a full programme of analysis of this very special assemblage of human remains from the Early Neolithic period.
You can watch an interview with Roger on Rudaw TV here.
Tags: Bestansur, CZAP, discoveries, Excavations, Fieldwork, human remains, Iraq, Roger Matthews, Wendy Matthews
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PhD summer travels
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In this 30-minute "Solve It Session" webinar, learn how Belzona materials can repair damaged concrete from floors to ceilings.
Belzona Solve It Sessions are concise, fast-paced and focus on delivering varied quality content. This webinar provides practical guidance and case studies through a 20-minute presentation. There will also be an opportunity to ask questions to all of the session speakers in a Q&A session.


text:
Beware of the inflation hawks
Americans should be wary of inflation hawks and their tales about the dangers of inflation, such that have been recycled many times in American history. Their oft-repeated story is that government spending, rising wages and easy money are driving up prices. Their solution is to cut government spending, raise interest rates, and loosen the job market to make it harder for working people to get higher wages. The three "causes" of higher prices pushed by the hawks, however, have not been the drivers of today's inflation. Rather it has been energy prices — oil, natural gas, and related fuels — and still uncleared bottlenecks related to COVID-19 disruptions, and war in Ukraine.
Two years ago, in April and May 2020, gasoline was $1.95 a gallon. At $4.12, it is more than twice that now. It was so much cheaper in early 2020 because 21 million Americans, truck drivers, teachers, and others, were out of work, sick or quarantined, and tens of millions were skipping restaurants, movies and vacations. These disruptions meant people were driving less so gasoline prices were lower than they had been in years.
Political leaders of both parties, as Covid came on, had to choose between the pain of a severe recession and the risk of some inflation. Gas and other energy prices could have been kept down if President Trump, President Biden, and Congress had refused to spend money to prevent such a recession. Instead, they used government in 2020 and 2021 to replace incomes that COVID-19 was draining away. Money from the government in people's pockets allowed the US to weather the COVID-related economic storm, and gradually resume normal activities. The worst was avoided.
COVID-related job loses fell from 21 million in the second quarter of 2020 to 8 million by early 2021. People were driving again, so gasoline prices rose 30 percent to $2.95 a gallon by April 2021. This was the beginning of today's inflation, but also an important sign of economic recovery. There is still COVID-related inflation because higher energy prices are being passed through into the prices of farm products, transportation and much else. There also are still supply chain and chip bottlenecks, and Russia's attack on Ukraine has added another $1.25 a gallon to the problem. So far, however, a severe recession has been avoided because of government action. The hawks and commentators now wringing their hands about inflation do not tell their audiences how they would have been hurt if the government had not put money in their pockets.
The inflation hawks want Americans to believe that they would have been fine if the Trump administration with Democratic support had not pushed through the CARES Act in March 2020, pumping $2.2 trillion into the economy when COVID unemployment was nearing its peak. They want Americans to believe that they would have been fine if the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 passed after the November elections in December 2020 had not added $900 billion more COVID-related money to the pot. They want voters to believe that things would have been fine if the $1.9 trillion American Rescue Package and the $1 trillion infrastructure bill pushed by the Biden administration had not been passed in 2021. Talking heads on TV, fixed on the inflation hawk's story, probably don't understand, and certainly don't explain to TV-watchers what the political options were: severe recession or some risk of inflation.
American history has many examples of what happens when the inflation hawks get their way. Dozens of American economists in 1930, 1931, and 1932 repeatedly petitioned President Hoover and the Congress to spend money on more generous relief and public works so that the millions who had lost jobs at the beginning of the Great Depression could resume spending. Hoover, however, believed government spending would be counter-productive and inflationary. As unemployment and deflation worsened from 1929 to 1933, rounds of spending and wage cuts pushed prices down 7 percent a year. Instead of inflation, unemployment rose to 25 percent, a disastrous tradeoff.
The 1930s were not the first-time American politicians chose recession and unemployment when rising prices were seen as a danger. President Andrew Jackson in the 1830s was a fierce supporter of gold and wanted to reduce the use of paper money. Ordinary farmers and tradesmen, usually borrowers, liked plenty of paper money. It was issued haphazardly during that period by small local banks that like the financial sector today, certainly needed tougher supervision. Jackson, however, killed the Second Bank of the United States, an institution that might have supervised the banks, and compounded his mistake by him. requiring that land purchases be paid for in gold. This caused a decade of falling prices that hurt ordinary farmers and "mechanics" who had used paper money to buy land and better themselves.
JOBS Act of 2022 will help diversify American entrepreneurship
Protecting democracy in the Western Hemisphere and around the world
Huge governmental expenditures for the Civil War were financed with taxes, borrowing, and paper money printed by the federal government called Greenbacks. In 1873, however, "gold bugs," hard money advocates and the inflation hawks of that era, won their campaign to take Greenbacks out of circulation. Annual deflation of 1 or 2 percent over next 30 years again disadvantaged farmers and other debtors who had to repay loans with money that was worth more than when they borrowed it. William Jennings Bryan, the Democratic candidate for president in 1896, was still decrying the impact of deflation on farmers and labor when he famously said that ordinary Americans were being crucified on "a Cross of Gold."
Today's concerns about inflation are echoes from the past. During the Jackson Era in the 1830s, during the 30 years after 1873, and in the Great Depression of the 1930s ordinary Americans suffered far more from falling prices and unemployment engineered by inflation hawks than from inflation. Too little government spending over the last 200 years has caused much more pain than inflation. This is worrying because the inflation hawks are steering Americans in their direction again.
Paul A. London, Ph.D., was a senior policy adviser and deputy undersecretary of Commerce for Economics and Statistics in the 1990s, a deputy assistant administrator at the Federal Energy Administration and Energy Department, and a visiting fellow at the American Enterprise Institute . A legislative assistant to Sen. Walter Mondale (D-Minn.) in the 1970s, he was a foreign service officer in Paris and Vietnam and is the author of two books, including "The Competition Solution: The Bipartisan Secret Behind American Prosperity" (2005).
TaggedCOVID-19gas pricesgovernment spendinginflation hawks
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Farmer Ted's educational package delivers a fully timetabled visit to the farm where the children can learn outside the classroom about farming, food and animals in a safe, fun and hands on environment. We cover all topics within the national curriculum and pride ourselves on the cleanliness of the whole site and acres of fresh air.
Classrooms, theatre and large play areas.
We always email across the timetable for the trip so that on arrival all staff are aware of proceedings, the class and leaders are grouped accordingly so not a moment of their time on the farm is wasted.
School visits £6.75 per child with supervising adults free within ratio for year group. 4 hour fully timetabled trip with tractor ride and classroom for lunch provided.


Are we on my own within the Universe? was once there something ahead of the massive Bang? Are there different universes? What makes stars shine? the place does Earth's water come from? Why is the evening sky darkish? used to be there ever lifestyles on Mars? How do telescopes paintings? This attractive advisor ebook solutions these types of questions and enormous quantities extra, making it a pragmatic reference for somebody who has ever questioned what's out within the cosmos, the place all of it comes from, and the way all of it works. Richly illustrated in colour all through, it supplies basic but rigorous reasons in non-technical language, summarizing present astronomical wisdom, with out overlooking the $64000 underlying clinical rules. This moment variation contains mammoth new fabric all through, together with the newest findings from the hot Horizons, Rosetta, and sunrise house missions, and photographs from expert telescopes resembling the Hubble area Telescope and the Atacama huge Millimeter Array.
**"Mars - A Cosmic Stepping Stone" connects usual individuals with the relevance of area exploration in a manner no longer noticeable for the reason that Carl Sagan. **The ebook encapsulates, thoroughly and understandibly, the 'big photo' approximately humanity's route to uncovering its cosmic connections and the way Mars is important to that.
During this attention-grabbing trip to the sting of technology, Vidal takes on mammoth philosophical questions: Does our universe have a starting and an finish or is it cyclic? Are we on my own within the universe? what's the position of clever lifestyles, if any, in cosmic evolution? Grounded in technology and devoted to philosophical rigor, this booklet offers an evolutionary worldview the place the increase of clever lifestyles isn't an coincidence, yet might be the most important to unlocking the universe's inner most mysteries.
The quest for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) represents some of the most major crossroads at which the assumptions and techniques of clinical inquiry come into direct touch with—and in lots of situations clash with—those of faith. certainly, on the center of SETI is identical query that motivates many attracted to faith: what's the position of humanity within the universe?
Dr. Prof Anatoly Fomenko and staff dissect Almagest of historical Ptolemy compiled allegedly in a hundred and fifty a. d. and regarded to be the nook stone of classical historical past. Their document states: Almagest was once compiled in XVI-XVII cy from astronomical info of IX-XVI cy. because the King of astronomers Ptolemy is confirmed to be a medieval phantom, accordingly status acquitted of the crime he used to be accused by means of the overdue American astrophysicist Robert Newton.


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JAMB 2020 Cut-off Marks For Universities, Polytechnics and Colleges
The 2020 Policy Meeting on Admissions to Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria has approved 160 as the minimum cut-off mark for admission into universities. Polytechnics cut-off mark was put at 120 and above while that of the Colleges of Education stands at 100 and above.
Speaking at the meeting, Adamu Adamu, Minister of Education, directed JAMB and tertiary institutions to proceed with the conduct of 2020/2021 admissions. Admission processes are expected to commence in August based on the guidelines released by JAMB.
The Education Minister who was represented by the Minister of State for Education, Emeka Nwajiuba, urged JAMB and tertiary institutions to consider candidates with previous years' Senior School Certificate Examination and other qualifying results, to proceed with the admission process. He said the government will make an arrangement that will accommodate applicants who will be taking the examination when the opportunity to do so is worked out.
This means that schools will begin announcing their Post-UTME sales forms and screening dates soon. The time to start your preparation is now. Get the official 2020 Post-UTME Past Questions and Answers of the various schools. Click here to get yours now.
Concerning last year's admission exercise, it was also disclosed that out of the total number of candidates registered for last year's UTME, only 1,157,977 candidates had the required five credits with English and Mathematics. 612, 557 candidates were offered admission while about 510,957 admission spaces were unused by tertiary institutions in 2019.


Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, April 1983. Cover art by Marc Yankus.
In 1983 I was still attending a community college part time while working several part-time jobs, stuck in a weird financial situation too complicated and frankly boring to go into right now. The important points are that I was still very closeted and in a situation where I was dependent on conservative religious relatives and equally conservative institutions for my livelihood. I clung to science fiction and fantasy as a half-drowned person might clasp the last floating piece of wreckage after a boat disaster in the middle of the ocean. And while I couldn't always afford to buy new sf/f books and anthologies when they came out, the local public library subscribed to three science fiction magazines, one of which was Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, so a few times I month I would spend an afternoon at the library reading those magazines.
And it was in the pages of the April 1983 issue of Asimov's that I first met Connie Willis.
The novelette included in that issue, "The Sidon in the Mirror" is told from the point of view of person just arrived on a new planet. Except it isn't a planet. Paylay is a dead star, and somehow humans have figured out how to live on a solid crust of the outer layers of the dead star. It isn't a terribly nice place to live, but large pockets of various pure elements can be mined, so people have an incentive to come there. A side effect of the mining process has created a thin layer of mostly breathable air that is much higher in helium and hydrogen that ours is.
We learn that our viewpoint character is not human, but rather a Mirror: an alien species that has the ability to absorb personality traits, skills, and other things from other beings. They don't take on the shape of the copied person, and the process is totally involuntary. Mirrors don't even know they are copying, their personality being re-written as they go, unless someone else notices and tells them. There have been some instances in the past of Mirrors absorbing the murderous thoughts of others and acting on them, so they have been banned from various world.
He's been brought to this strange mining colony to play piano in the colony's only brothel. He had previously absorbed the piano playing skills of a now dead man who was known to both the other of the brothel and at least one of her employees, which is at least part of the reason he was brought to Paylay.
The rest of the plot is difficult to summarize, in part because Connie does a really good job of putting you inside the head of the person who doesn't know or trust his own thoughts and motives. He is afraid he is going to be compelled to do something horrible, and there are characters he is now living among who appear to be trying to manipulate who he copies for their own nefarious purposes.
But I should explain the title. The viewpoint character's species are called Mirrors, as explained. There is another alien creature mentioned, it's called a sidon. Sidon's are vicious predators, but some people have tried to tame them (because people will do that), and it has always gone badly. The miners have taken to naming their mining taps as sidons—while all the compressors and pipes and such are holding, everything seems under control. But ever miner knows it is only a matter of time before a tapped sight explodes. They're just all trying to make their money and leave before that happens.
By the end of the tale there are violent deaths, and it is left to the reader to decide which of the deaths were murder, which were self-defense, or whether they fall into another category all together.
On one level the story is about the meaning of free will. Willis herself has said, when introducing the story in collections of her work, that the story was inspired to seeing stories of twins who were adopted out separately, and then find each other as adults and learn how many things about their lives are spookily similar. Many things we think of as choices may not be at all.
If was a tough story to read, because there were points in the tale when I wanted the viewpoint character to do something different. I saw moments he could have escaped the trap. Except when I got to the end, I found myself questioning the definition of trap I had been using. Was the trap the manipulation coming from one of the two characters who were trying to turn the Mirror into a killer, or was the trap the Mirror's own belief that he himself would inevitably turn into a violent killer, or was the trap the fear of the other characters?
I've re-read the story many times over the years. And even though I know how it ends, I'm always at the edge of the seat throughout. As mentioned above, Willis really puts you in the mind of this character so that by the middle of the story, I'm just as afraid and uncertain as to what will happen as the character is.
The story made me think a lot about how we make decisions. How much of what we feel is the result of what people expect us to feel? How many decisions that we think are our own are being forced upon us? What, exactly, is the nature of our own identity?
They were questions I was wrestling with personally. While I didn't have an sudden epiphany at the end of the tale, it did nudge me further in the direction of coming to understand how the nature of the closet. The stifling social trap that many queers find themselves living in is constructed at least as much by our desire to win the approval of society, family, and even my closest friends. It isn't just fear that drives one into the closet, but also (ironically) the need for love.
And it took an alien playing piano on the surface of a dead star to show me that.


Sophie Uliano (writer of Gorgeously Green) teaches us all tips for a stylish eco-friendly lifestyle in this original series from eHow UK. In this video she talks about 10 foods that can help to add a glow to your skin.
Dark chocolate, avocado, figs, cucumber, almonds, dried apricots & more. These natural foods can help to add a glow to your skin. But how & why you ask?


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Joel Embiid returning to Cameroon to mourn brother
From staff and wire reports
Sixers rookie center Joel Embiid and his sister Muriel were together and on the way to their home in Cameroon on Friday, a day after learning of the death of their brother, Arthur, the Sixers announced. Arthur Embiid, 13, reportedly died in a car accident.
"Our thoughts and prayers are with Joel and the Embiid family," Sixers general manager Sam Hinkie said. "To learn that you have lost a sibling or a child is unfathomable. We are poorly designed for that kind of loss. To receive that news while 6,000 miles away from your family is more than any of us are equipped to handle alone. Joel is not alone. Joel's sister was able to travel to Philadelphia last night and the two of them are currently on their way to Cameroon."
Hinkie, Sixers coach Brett Brown and forward Luc Mbah a Moute, also a Cameroon native, skipped Thursday night's preseason loss against the Boston Celtics at the Wells Fargo Center to be with Embiid, who was selected out of Kansas with the third overall pick in this summer's draft.
Embiid, 20, may miss the entire season while recovering from surgery to repair a stress fracture in his right foot.
Embiid posted a photograph of his younger brother on Instagram on Friday afternoon, along with the caption:
"RIP for my brother who died at the age of 13. The bad thing is that I hadn't seen since I left Cameroon 4 years ago and all these days, I was just thinking about next summer so I have a chance to finally see him again..... GOD has a plan for all of us. We just gotta pray. HES GONNA BE MISSED #RIP #WHYHIM"
NBA partners with China to expand training
The NBA has agreed to a multiyear partnership with China's Ministry of Education to incorporate basketball curriculum in elementary, middle and high schools across the country.
The league says the initiative will provide enhanced basketball training to 3 million students by 2017.
Commissioner Adam Silver says the partnership will help "our long-standing commitment with the Chinese Basketball Association to grow the game in China."
The program will bring NBA players, former stars and coaches to Chinese schools for clinics and specialized instruction for Chinese physical education teachers and coaches.
The NBA will also help the Ministry of Education in operating the country's youth basketball leagues.
Celtics acquire Bynum from Pistons
The Boston Celtics have traded center Joel Anthony to the Detroit Pistons for guard Will Bynum.
Bynum averaged 8.7 points and 3.9 assists over 56 games last season, his seventh in the NBA.
Anthony has averaged 2.3 points and 3 rebounds in his seven years in the league. He spent the first six years with the Miami Heat before he was traded to the Celtics in January. He scored 22 points in 21 games after coming to Boston.
Bucks add 7 business leaders to franchise
The Milwaukee Bucks have added seven business leaders to its ownership group as it works to rebuild the team and makes plans for a new arena.
The Bucks said Friday the additional ownership team members include five prominent African-American business leaders who have been involved in major civic initiatives that are often focused on urban economic development. The five have formed a group called Partners for Community Impact.
Jason Wolf contributed to this article.


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Cultural Logic in Cyberspace: Web Art & Postmodernism - edoc https://googledrive.com/host/0B/75392725.Illuminations.pdf Barthes, Jacques Derrida and Walter Benjamin. Benjamin Buchloh, Craig Owens and Douglas Crimp http://www.kunsttexte.de/download/kume/davila.pdf . The Work of Art in the Age of Digital Reproduction - DMA Classes institut-kunst.ch/wp/05/Peter_Osborne_Distracted-Reception.pdf Oct 20, 2007 prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR In one sense, Walter. Benjamin's proclamation of doom for the aura of originality,. Imaginary Encounters: Walter Benjamin and the Aura of - CiteSeerX citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1pdf Abstract This article explores Walter Benjamin's famous concept of the aura in photography with the decline of the aura of the traditional artwork, his essay on. Project MUSE - Actuality of Walter Benjamin https://muse.jhu.edu/book/40580 Walter Benjamin, The intellectual. Zygmunt Bauman. pdf icon Download PDF pp. Memoirs and Micrologies: Walter Benjamin's Artwork Essay Reconsidered. Gesammelte Schriften Bd.7 : Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) : Free https://archive.org/details/GesammelteSchriftenBd.7 by Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) ABBYY GZ download PDF download SINGLE PAGE PROCESSED JP2 ZIP download TORRENT download. Download & Enjoy - Karen Eliot environmentalhumanities.dukejournals.org/content/5/1/55.full.pdf Download & Enjoy Eco: Towards a Semiological Guerilla Warfare.pdf (english); Walter Benjamin: The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.pdf . Download this PDF file - International Journal of Communication ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/1187/711 Seventy-five years ago, Walter Benjamin showed us that the line between 1 " The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction� was written in 1936, but . A Companion to the Works of Walter Benjamin on JSTOR www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt14brv7g Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) has emerged as one of the leading cultural critics of the Read Online � Download PDF; Add to My Lists; Cite this Item as well as of literature and art during the Weimar Republic until his suicide in 1940. The Orchid in the Land of Garbage - Environmental Humanities vyzaixyhbe.ru/mudizam.pdf Faculty of English, Media Studies and Art History, The University of In using Walter Benjamin's ontological position on the role of the filmic image (its mode of .