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Journal of Nonverbal Behavior
The Vertical Dimension of Social Relations and Accurate Interpersonal Perception: A Meta-Analysis
Judith A. Hall
Marianne Schmid Mast
Ioana-Maria Latu
Review Paper
There is little consensus regarding how verticality (social power, dominance, and status) is related to accurate interpersonal perception. The relation could be either positive or negative, and there could be many causal processes at play. The present article discusses the theoretical possibilities and presents a meta-analysis of this question. In studies using a standard test of interpersonal accuracy, higher socioeconomic status (SES) predicted higher accuracy defined as accurate inference about the meanings of cues; also, higher experimentally manipulated vertical position predicted higher accuracy defined as accurate recall of others' words. In addition, although personality dominance did not predict accurate inference overall, the type of personality dominance did, such that empathic/responsible dominance had a positive relation and egoistic/aggressive dominance had a negative relation to accuracy. In studies involving live interaction, higher experimentally manipulated vertical position produced lower accuracy defined as accurate inference about cues; however, methodological problems place this result in doubt.
Verticality Power Dominance SES Accuracy of interpersonal perception Emotion recognition Recall
The authors thank Magali Ecabert for her assistance in coding, and the authors who provided their unpublished results.
Appendix: Coded Study Attributes
Gender of first author
Sample type (college/university students, hereafter referred to as college students, employees in organization, community people, or mix of groups)
Sample age (mean or median) and sample age group (13–17, 18–22, 23–27, 28–32, 33–37, 38–42, 43 and older, or mixed ages)
Percentage of participants who were male
Type of design/analysis (experimental manipulation, known groups comparison, or continuous correlation)
Type of comparison (within-dyads comparison between higher and lower vertical partners or between-groups comparison of groups that differed in verticality)
Location (laboratory or field)
Verticality definition (role-played/assigned high and low vertical roles/imagined vertical position, measured hierarchical position in organization, measured hierarchical position in group, self-reported dominant personality, other-reported dominant personality, behavioral measurement, SES, psychological induction other than assigned roles and if yes, was it concept priming or autobiographical writing, self-reported feelings of verticality in or after a situation, being minority or majority within a group, or self-reported power vis-à-vis other family members)
If personality dominance was measured, a moderator was coded to capture the type of dominance scale (egoistic/aggressive or empathic/responsible).
Accuracy paradigm (testing paradigm or in vivo)
Accuracy method (test, recall, correlation between perceiver and target ratings, or difference between perceiver and target ratings)
If a test was used, which one: PONS (Rosenthal et al. 1979), DANVA (Nowicki and Duke 1994), or other
If a test was given, content of accuracy inference (affect/emotion, personality, other's thoughts/feelings about self and partner, or other)
If recall was measured, content of recall (words, nonverbal cues or appearance, or other).
Additional coding was done to estimate, from an observer's perspective, the psychological states that the higher and lower vertical people in each study might have been experiencing. Two coders who were blind to the studies' results (IML and a research assistant) performed ratings of psychological states based on the studies' methodologies, using two items for each of four constructs that were rated on nine-point unipolar scales: (1) prosocial: helpful/cooperative, attentive to others' feelings or thoughts, (2) self-centered: egocentric/concerned with own needs, wanting to promote self/self-aggrandizing, (3) angry affect: angry/irritated, cheerful/pleasant (reversed), and (4) anxious affect: uncomfortable/awkward, fearful/worried. The two coders' ratings were averaged, and the two items belonging to each construct were averaged. These combined ratings were then correlated with the effect sizes separately for the higher and lower vertical participants and also after subtracting the ratings of the lower participants from the ratings of the higher participants on each moderator, thus creating difference scores reflecting the disparity in psychological states. Finally, given the predictions made by the social distance theory of power (Magee and Smith 2013), namely that high power results in less interpersonal accuracy (because high power results in feeling more distant and less similar to social interaction partners and empathic accuracy is reduced between dissimilar interaction partners), the two coders also directly rated the verticality gap (social distance) between the higher and lower individuals on a 9-point scale that went from only a small gap to a very big gap. Correlations between these variables and effect sizes were few and inconsistent. Therefore, these moderator ratings are not discussed further.
Works marked with * contributed effect sizes to the reported analyses. T = testing paradigm, I = in vivo paradigm
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1.Department of PsychologyNortheastern UniversityBostonUSA
2.Department of Organizational BehaviorUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
3.Department of PsychologyRutgers UniversityCamdenUSA
Hall, J.A., Schmid Mast, M. & Latu, IM. J Nonverbal Behav (2015) 39: 131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-014-0205-1


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Im very passionate about children and supporting them, and I love philosophy and art so I have combined all three with Ebie Jeebie.
All my inspiration has come from being a mum and from my own mum decorating my room when I was a little girl with bright, primary colours.
Thats why I use toys, butterflies and rainbows in my work.
I can still remember the colours and pictures that surrounded me as a child so the philosophy behind my business is to create inspirational images that will also become part of a childs thoughts as they grow. Each design has a message which promotes spiritual growth and adventurous discovery.
There are 11 designs to choose from and they are also proving popular with adults, as wall hangings for kitchens. I like to promote a positive message and that also appeals to adults who are wanting them to hang in their kitchens, added Katy.
All the designs are created by Katy and can be seen online at www.ebiejeebie.com or via Facebook under Ebie Jeebie. Prices range from 9.95-39.95.


As you can add more BBcodes, you can even add more fonts for your text in your forumotion editor!
Extra infos: To add new fonts to the list simply write addFont(); between the parenthesis you'll write the font you want in quotes.
I wanna check this out!
checking this one out .
thank you for posting this! I am going to try to put this on my forum. I was hoping to see something like this. Thank you so much!!!!


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text:
<?php

/**
 * SampiCMS query file
 *
 *

 * Save a setup step and echo the response as a JSON encoded string.
 * In this JSON string 'code' is the result code and 'msg' the returned message.
 *

 * Result codes:
 *

 * 1 - Incorrect data
 * 0 - Good
 * -1 - Missing data
 *

 *
 * @author Sven Dubbeld <sven.dubbeld1@gmail.com>
 */
/**
 * Namespace
 */
namespace SampiCMS\Admin;

use SampiCMS;

// Use gzip for improved speeds, if available
if (substr_count ( $_SERVER ['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING'], 'gzip' )) {
	ob_start ( "ob_gzhandler" );
} else {
	ob_start ();
}

/**
 * Absolute path to the root of SampiCMS.
 * @ignore
 */
define ( 'SampiCMS\ROOT', substr ( dirname ( __FILE__ ), 0, - 12 ) );
/**
 * Relative (web) path to the root of SampiCMS.
 * @ignore
*/
define ( 'SampiCMS\REL_ROOT', substr ( $_SERVER ['SCRIPT_NAME'], 0, - 38 ) );
/**
 * Absolute path to the admin root.
 * @ignore
*/
define ( 'SampiCMS\ADMIN_ROOT', SampiCMS\ROOT . '/sampi/admin' );
/**
 * Relative (web) path to the root of SampiCMS.
 * @ignore
*/
define ( 'SampiCMS\ADMIN_REL_ROOT', SampiCMS\REL_ROOT . '/sampi/admin' );

require_once SampiCMS\ROOT . '/sampi/functions.php';
require_once SampiCMS\ADMIN_ROOT . '/functions.php';

$step = (isset ( $_GET ["step"] )) ? $step = $_GET ["step"] : $step = false;

$db_host = (isset ( $_GET ["db_host"] )) ? $db_host = $_GET ["db_host"] : $db_host = false;
$db = (isset ( $_GET ["db"] )) ? $db = $_GET ["db"] : $db = false;
$db_user = (isset ( $_GET ["db_user"] )) ? $db_user = $_GET ["db_user"] : $db_user = false;
$db_pass = (isset ( $_GET ["db_pass"] )) ? $db_pass = $_GET ["db_pass"] : $db_pass = false;

$site_title = (isset ( $_GET ["site_title"] )) ? $site_title = $_GET ["site_title"] : $site_title = false;
$site_description = (isset ( $_GET ["site_description"] )) ? $site_description = $_GET ["site_description"] : $site_description = false;
$date_format = (isset ( $_GET ["date_format"] )) ? $date_format = $_GET ["date_format"] : $date_format = false;

$username = (isset ( $_GET ["username"] )) ? $username = $_GET ["username"] : $username = false;
$password = (isset ( $_GET ["password"] )) ? $password = $_GET ["password"] : $password = false;
$full_name = (isset ( $_GET ["full_name"] )) ? $full_name = $_GET ["full_name"] : $full_name = false;
$twitter_user = (isset ( $_GET ["twitter_user"] )) ? $twitter_user = $_GET ["twitter_user"] : $twitter_user = false;
$facebook_user = (isset ( $_GET ["facebook_user"] )) ? $facebook_user = $_GET ["facebook_user"] : $facebook_user = false;
$google_plus_user = (isset ( $_GET ["google_plus_user"] )) ? $google_plus_user = $_GET ["google_plus_user"] : $google_plus_user = false;

$response = array();

switch ($step) {
	case 2:
		if ($db_host && $db && $db_user && $db_pass) {
			$response ['msg'] = 'Saving settings...';
			if (is_writeable(SampiCMS\ROOT.'/sampi/settings.php')) {
				// Modify settings.php
				$content = file(SampiCMS\ROOT.'/sampi/settings.php');

				$db_host_line = SampiCMS\searchInFile('SampiCMS\db_host', $content);
				$content[$db_host_line] = "define ( 'SampiCMS\db_host', '".$db_host."' );\n";

				$db_line = SampiCMS\searchInFile('SampiCMS\db', $content);
				$content[$db_line] = "define ( 'SampiCMS\db', '".$db."' );\n";

				$db_user_line = SampiCMS\searchInFile('SampiCMS\db_user', $content);
				$content[$db_user_line] = "define ( 'SampiCMS\db_user', '".$db_user."' );\n";

				$db_pass_line = SampiCMS\searchInFile('SampiCMS\db_pass', $content);
				$content[$db_pass_line] = "define ( 'SampiCMS\db_pass', '".$db_pass."' );\n";

				file_put_contents(SampiCMS\ROOT.'/sampi/settings.php', implode('', $content));

				$response ['code'] = 0;
				$response ['msg'] .= 'OK!
';

				$response ['msg'] .= 'Creating tables...';

				$query = file_get_contents(SampiCMS\ADMIN_ROOT.'/resources/sql/db.sql');

				// Create tables
				$con = new \mysqli($db_host, $db_user, $db_pass, $db);
				$con->multi_query($query);
				while ($con->next_result()) {;}

				// Check tables
				$check = array();

				$con = new \mysqli($db_host, $db_user, $db_pass, $db);
				$stmt = $con->stmt_init();
				$stmt->prepare("SELECT * FROM sampi_comments");
				$stmt->execute();
				if ($stmt->errno !== 0) {
					$check ['sampi_comments'] = $stmt->error;
				}
				$stmt->close();

				$stmt = $con->stmt_init();
				$stmt->prepare("SELECT * FROM sampi_menu");
				$stmt->execute();
				if ($stmt->errno !== 0) {
					$check ['sampi_menu'] = $stmt->error;
				}
				$stmt->close();

				$stmt = $con->stmt_init();
				$stmt->prepare("SELECT * FROM sampi_panels");
				$stmt->execute();
				if ($stmt->errno !== 0) {
					$check ['sampi_panels'] = $stmt->error;
				}
				$stmt->close();

				$stmt = $con->stmt_init();
				$stmt->prepare("SELECT * FROM sampi_posts");
				$stmt->execute();
				if ($stmt->errno !== 0) {
					$check ['sampi_posts'] = $stmt->error;
				}
				$stmt->close();

				$stmt = $con->stmt_init();
				$stmt->prepare("SELECT * FROM sampi_settings");
				$stmt->execute();
				if ($stmt->errno !== 0) {
					$check ['sampi_settings'] = $stmt->error;
				}
				$stmt->close();

				$stmt = $con->stmt_init();
				$stmt->prepare("SELECT * FROM sampi_statics");
				$stmt->execute();
				if ($stmt->errno !== 0) {
					$check ['sampi_statics'] = $stmt->error;
				}
				$stmt->close();

				$stmt = $con->stmt_init();
				$stmt->prepare("SELECT * FROM sampi_users");
				$stmt->execute();
				if ($stmt->errno !== 0) {
					$check ['sampi_users'] = $stmt->error;
				}
				$stmt->close();

				if (count($check) == 0) {
					$response ['code'] = 0;
					$response ['msg'] .= 'OK!';
				} else {
					$response ['code'] = 2;
					$response ['msg'] .= 'Error
Do you have the required permissions? The following are required: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, ALTER, INDEX.
';
					foreach ($check as $table=>$error) {
						$response ['msg'] .= ''.$error.'
';
					}
				}
			} else {
				$response ['code'] = 1;
				$response ['msg'] .= 'Error
Settings file not writable. Are the file permissions correctly set up?
';
			}
		} else {
			$response ['code'] = -1;
			$response ['msg'] = 'Waiting for form to be completed...
';
		}
		break;
	case 3:
		if ($site_title && $site_description && $date_format) {
			$response ['code'] = 0;
			$response ['msg'] = 'Saving settings...';

			$db = new SampiCMS\Admin\DbFunctions();

			$settings = array(
					'theme' => 'default',
					'site_title' => $site_title,
					'site_description' => $site_description,
					'date_format' => $date_format,
					'window_title' => '%site_title%',
					'per_page_values' => '5,10,20,50',
					'admin_theme' => 'default',
					'admin_window_title' => '%site_title% - Admin panel - SampiCMS'
			);

			$check = array();

			foreach ($settings as $name => $value) {
				$errno = $db->saveSetting($name, $value);
				if ($errno !== 0) {
					$check [$name] = $errno;
				}
			}

			if (count ( $check ) == 0) {
				$response ['code'] = 0;
				$response ['msg'] .= 'OK!';
			} else {
				$response ['code'] = 2;
				$response ['msg'] .= 'Error
Do you have the required permissions for the database? The following are required: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, ALTER, INDEX.
';
				foreach ( $check as $setting => $error ) {
					$response ['msg'] .= '' . $error . '
';
				}
			}
		} else {
			$response ['code'] = -1;
			$response ['msg'] = 'Waiting for form to be completed...
';
		}
		break;
	case 4:
		if ($username && $password && $full_name) {
			$response ['msg'] = 'Saving user...';
			$db = new SampiCMS\Admin\DbFunctions();
			if (strlen($password) < 4) {
				$response ['code'] = 1;
				$response ['msg'] .= 'Error
';
				$response ['msg'] .= 'Minimal password length is 4 characters.
';
			} else {
				if ($twitter_user || $facebook_user || $google_plus_user) {
					if ($twitter_user) {
						if (preg_match ( '/^([A-Za-z0-9_]+)$/', $twitter_user )) {
							$twitter = true;
						} else {
							$twitter = false;
						}
					}
					if ($facebook_user) {
						if (preg_match ( '/^[a-z\d.]{5,}$/i', $facebook_user )) {
							$facebook = true;
						} else {
							$facebook = false;
						}
					}
					if ($google_plus_user) {
						if (preg_match ( '/^([0-9]{21,21})$/', $google_plus_user )) {
							$google_plus = true;
						} else {
							$google_plus = false;
						}
					}
					if ((isset ( $twitter ) && ! $twitter) || (isset ( $facebook ) && ! $facebook) || (isset ( $google_plus ) && ! $google_plus)) {
						$response ['code'] = 1;
						$response ['msg'] .= 'Error
';
						if (isset ( $twitter ) && ! $twitter) {
							$response ['msg'] .= 'Invalid Twitter username.
';
						}
						if (isset ( $facebook ) && ! $facebook) {
							$response ['msg'] .= 'Invalid Facebook username.
';
						}
						if (isset ( $google_plus ) && ! $google_plus) {
							$response ['msg'] .= 'Invalid Google+ ID.
';
						}
					} else {
						if ($db->newAuthor($username, $password, $full_name, '', $twitter_user, $facebook_user, $google_plus_user)) {
							$db->saveSetting('global_user', $username);
							$response ['code'] = 0;
							$response ['msg'] .= 'OK!
';
						} else {
							$response ['code'] = 2;
							$response ['msg'] .= 'Error
Do you have the required permissions for the database? The following are required: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, ALTER, INDEX.
';
						}
					}
				} else {
					if ($db->newAuthor($username, $password, $full_name, '')) {
						$db->saveSetting('global_user', $username);
						$response ['code'] = 0;
						$response ['msg'] .= 'OK!
';
					} else {
						$response ['code'] = 2;
						$response ['msg'] .= 'Error
Do you have the required permissions for the database? The following are required: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, ALTER, INDEX.
';
					}
				}
			}
		} else {
			$response ['code'] = -1;
			$response ['msg'] = 'Waiting for form to be completed...
';
		}
		break;
	case 5:
		$response ['msg'] = 'Saving settings...';
		if (is_writeable(SampiCMS\ROOT.'/sampi/settings.php')) {
			// Modify settings.php
			$content = file(SampiCMS\ROOT.'/sampi/settings.php');

			$db_host_line = SampiCMS\searchInFile('SampiCMS\set_up', $content);
			$content[$db_host_line] = "define ( 'SampiCMS\set_up', true );\n";

			file_put_contents(SampiCMS\ROOT.'/sampi/settings.php', implode('', $content));

			$response ['code'] = 0;
			$response ['msg'] .= 'OK!
';
		} else {
			$response ['code'] = 1;
			$response ['msg'] .= 'Error
Settings file not writable. Are the file permissions correctly set up?
';
		}
		break;
}

echo json_encode($response);
?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Had never done a "sales" hub before so decided to try. Have tweaked and tweaked this hub but it still keeps on being not featured due to quality. Getting a little T'd . . .
- Have every single one of the "goal" (attributes) boxes ticked off . . .
- I like using graphic dividers and have a "Style Tip" warning about this but it is my understanding that ignoring Style Tip warnings will not prevent a hub from being featured . . .
- Have 2247 words – which means, if I'm understanding it correctly, that I could have a possible 42 (2247/50) amazon capsules in the hub. . . only have 32 . . . this max is calculated by the TOTAL word count, right? Having a feeling the whole issue is with this but not sure how . . .
- Have a couple of places where amazon capsules have been grouped in a pair but have seen many hubs that do this (sometimes 3-5 amazon capsules) so can't see where this would be a problem . . . have no "Style Tip" warning about this any longer (did when I first started the hub) . . .
Sooooo . . . anyone have an idea? Thanks so much in advance!
Also, is there any reason you can't have a picture of an Amazon product that you're not selling specifically but to show alternatives to the one you are selling (ie. showing different colors of the same glass ball Christmas ornament, different sock lengths)?
I would strongly suggest reducing the product capsules to a few that are directly related to the topic.
32 is way too many for one Hub.
Having that many products in a Hub make it appear very spammy.
I agree with Matthew. 32 ebay sales capsules may be the reason it's not featured. In past, I know they limited us to one amazon capsule and since then I don't add hardly any. I would try to add more unique content to the hub about the items, more images without the ebay capsules, and see if that improves the score. I have some older hubs that aren't featured and they don't have too many sales capsules. I think they look at how unique your hub is, how many pictures the hub has, how interesting/popular the hub is and of course the traffic and activity.
It just doesn't make sense to me that HP states that you must have 50 words per Amazon capsule and I put in 12(!) less capsules than the max allowed and I still can't get it published (sorry, "featured")! It's a long hub - and I thought that was good! How is anyone supposed to figure out how they're not getting a hub featured if they're following the guidelines and it's still not working?!
What makes it even more frustrating is that there is another hubber who wrote a sales hub (nice looking hub) that includes 29 capsules (+ additional links), updated the hub on 12/04/14 and appears not to have been slapped for this!
Anyway, was already thinking that if this is the problem than I can break the hub up into a separate hub for each of the sections . . .
Any thoughts on my question about the Amazon photos? Feel like doing this could actually be a real selling point as it shows people options if they don't like the product in the Amazon capsule you're showing.
"Selling Point?' HP does not want hubs that look like free sales adverts.
yes, this is fine. Just don't overdo it.
HubPages used to allow several products in one capsule. The rule has changed to one product per capsule, but not everyone has edited their hubs yet. You can put different capsules next to each other if you want, but usually, that's not necessary. I would recommend limiting the number of capsules, not only because of the rules, but also because fewer products will result in more sales. I read a lot of psychology studies, and they have shown that people get confused with too many choices and tend to not buy anything when they have too many choices. You can say, this item is also available in blue and green in the text for those who would prefer a different color. They can go to Amazon directly to see all the different products. They need you to tell them which one is the best one and why.
I don't know what the rule is in terms of the exact product. I know you have to be selling the product to use the photo, but I don't know how strict the rule is. I would recommend not showing the different colors or lengths though, for the reason mentioned above.
Unfortunately I couldn't see your hub (unpublished?), but I've been having the same problems.
This ex-squidoo hub now has only a couple of sale capsules with also act as illustrations, lots of my own pictures, my own experients ..... I even ran it through a key work density checker (I took out some of the egg words, hence the stars) Perhaps too many egg-boiling hubs?
Not sure if you can see this hub but if so have a look at How to soft-boil an egg (under the name of Blouw) - please tell me what is wrong!
Yes, I unpublished the hub - decided to split it up into several different hubs.
I did look at your hub about egg-boiling - you're saying it is also not featured due to quality? Word count to number of links/Amazon capsules perhaps? * in your subtitles maybe? Afraid I'm not the right person to ask about this! It is frustrating sometimes not to understand why this happens!
Perhaps start a new post asking that question?
galleryofgrace: I think that there are very tacky sales hubs and then there are much more attractive ones – depends on the writer and their understanding of graphic layouts. I worked hard to make sure my hub did not look like a "free sales adverts" and don't think it does – although it's obviously about selling products.
Problem is that many of the older hubbers who have been here for awhile (which I see you have been so not sure how you feel about this) say that the only hubs that really make money are the ones actually for and selling a product, NOT informational hubs. So if HP IS suggesting hubbers cut down to only one or two of these capsules per hub (even though they themselves aren't and their help section says otherwise) those of us who would like to make some money are in trouble.
Also, I agree, HP doesn't want hubs that "look like free sales adverts" - yet I have to put up with the tacky banners and trashy adds littering the sides of my hub - some of them a complete contradiction to what the hub is about . . . somewhat amusing.
easylearningweb + peachpurple: this is where the confusion sets in. On the forums everyone is talking about cutting down on the number of Amazon/Ebay capsules. However, in HP's instructions, it's a different story. And, no, it's not true that you can use only 1-2 Amazon/Ebay capsules – Paul Edmondson, himself, has 10 Amazon capsules in his hub 'Highest-voted Gift Ideas for Eight-Year-Old Girls (2014)'!
Millionaire Tips: thank you – you've probably given the best reason for not giving too many options – people get confused and don't' buy anything. With my background in interior design I should have probably already known that . . .
OK . . . back to the drawing board . . .
I have been around for a while and regularly read the forums. I have not heard this and can tell you it is absolutely not true. It depends on the hub. It is nice to have supplemental income from Amazon, and some people have made more from the sales than the article, but it depends on what you write.
There is definitely not a 1-2 sales capsule limit. I also have hubs that have up to 10 items.
I agree that the 50 word per Amazon capsule rule is misleading. We have asked it to be made higher, but I am sure it would cause an uproar if it was raised, and people are already having trouble meeting the guidelines. I think 10 items in a hub is a reasonable maximum. Any more than that is pushing it. We do have to apply common sense to the rules and make our hubs the best they can be, instead of trying to squeak by the minimum requirements. That way, if the rules do change, we are still in the clear.
Mostly it is product reviews or product comparisons that make money with sales capsules. However, info hubs can sell *if* your hub is about a problem that can be solved with a product. Titles like How Can I get Rid of Black Mould? Or How to Ease Backache in Pregnancy, are likely to do well with a few sales capsules.
The problem is that many people write their hub and then put on some sales capsules with a kind of "fingers crossed someone might buy something" approach. That doesn't tend to work and is the crux of the problem with Google.
Fortunately there's a really easy way to find out if your informational hub is a seller - see if it's sold any of the items promoted in the last month/last 200 views.
If it has, great. Keep the products on the hub. If not, then it's time to ditch the products. Very simple.
Ok, not to get too hung up on this but . . .
So HP's requirements are confusing and contradictory . . . but I'm still not understanding something.
If HP does not want us to use too many Amazon/Ebay capsules because the Google god thinks this is "spammy" than why is it that if I google "eco gifts" the first website to show up on the first page (after the paid ads) is a website called Uncommon Goods chock-full of things for sale . . . ?
Because the website has been around for awhile?
Because the website was set up to be a sales site? And that's somehow different programming-wise than simply adding an Amazon capsule to a hub?
It's not just Google that thinks that too many ads are spammy. People - our readers - also find them spammy. It is true that sometimes Google's filters don't catch something, and they have to keep tweaking the algorithm to find the quality articles, but that again doesn't mean we should aim for what we can get away with. We should try to make our articles the best that they can be.
That's a different kind of site, and search engines hold them to a different standard. On their site you are buying stuff from them. We are affiliate marketers. We send people elsewhere, like Amazon and eBay.
So, the question you must ponder is: "Why should someone come to my Hub instead of going straight to Amazon or eBay?"
If all we are doing is showing them a couple of dozen products there may be no good answer to that question. Search engines don't like that, and you can't blame them. In that case we are providing no value to the reader, just positioning ourselves to make a profit should they stumble their way to Amazon through our page.
On the other hand, we can help people make a decision by comparing products we shopped for ourselves. Or we can share personal experiences with a product we have knowledge of, or we can draw on our expertise in a subject to compare products so people get a better idea of what might be best for them. In those cases we are helping people (hopefully).
It is my experience that those kinds of "sales pages" can do very well. A lot of people who buy from you may have already been to Amazon, or a site like the one you mentioned, and left confused. Instead of confusing them further by showing them 30 products, help them decide between 3-5 really awesome ones.
Thank you for your reply, Eric! Makes sense.
Another explanation is that HubPages definition of "a spammy hub" is actually not the same as that defined by Google in their algorithm. It's an interpretation.
Which accounts for why people can remove their content, place it on another independent site/URL and it should do very well in terms of generating both traffic and income.
The simple fact is people do like curated sites which help them make sense of the uncurated lists of products on places like Amazon. The key is whether the site is authoritative in its recommendations in terms of both author expertise and the content.
Really understand this after doing this "sales" hub! Never used Amazon much before but in finding products for the hub it became very apparent that Amazon is not organized very well! You can find products that don't come up in your search but are there if you look at products by company name! I was actually shocked because I never realized this about Amazon!
HP was my first venture into being active on the internet. Have started learning Wordpress and was pleasantly surprised that I understood it much better than I thought I would - thanks to HP! So, yes, will be attempting a website in the near future.
There could be a number of reasons for this. HP just may be mad at you for some reason. I have noticed that often my hubs get marked for "needs improvement" when they were previously featured hubs and got and get a good number of views. Even a couple of hubs where I did not put a single link or ad, I got a notice saying I had too many Amazon ads. Im noticing a disturbing trend.
Can understand your suspicions! Especially when HP doesn't even have to give an explanation as to why it's happening and as far as you can tell you're following their written requirements in the Help section - which differ from what is said in the forums!


text:
Q: What does pronoun "it" refer to? "A container had a line with a number beside it for every hour."

A: When determining the antecedent of a pronoun, the most recent noun should be examined first, and then you work your way backwards.
In the sentence above, there are three nouns.  Working backwards, they should be analyzed as follows:

*

*number.  That noun is at the end of a prepositional phrase that logically says "I'm not actually the antecedent."

*line.  This is the most likely contender - a number beside the line makes sense, but it's not iron clad.

*Container.  I can't rule it out, but a number beside a container makes a lot less sense than a number next to a line. I'd go with #2.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Fontaines D.C.: "At the end of the day, we're a rock and roll band"
They're off on tour with Shame and ripping up the alternative airwaves - meet Ireland's latest, greatest export.
Published: 1:37 pm, October 22, 2018Words: Jake Hawkes.
The South London scene has got pretty bloody big lately, what with Shame releasing one of the best albums of the year and all that. It's actually got so big that now it includes Dublin. Don't believe us? How else do you explain Fontaines D.C., residing in Ireland's capital but playing regular shows In London and supporting Shame on tour?
Jokes about the relentless expansion of greater London aside, when we catch up with the band in Camden, they're thoughtful about why exactly they are doing so well in the UK at the moment.
"I think a lot of it comes from Steve Lamacq," starts guitarist Carlos O'Connell. "He's been a great champion of the band from the beginning, and we've done all sorts with him. We recorded a session for his show, did a takeover of a show in the summer… loads of stuff.
"I think it also comes from us as well, we wanted to get out of Ireland with our music because a lot of bands do get stuck there, so we put a lot of energy into the English crowd right from the start. We were playing shows in London very early on, and that's where we got involved with bands like Shame and IDLES. We definitely aimed to give England a lot of attention, because Ireland's music scene can start to feel quite small after a while."
"I think there was a fear that by focussing on England so much we might lose the support back home, that maybe the Irish crowd would stop caring so much," bassist Conor Deegan interjects, "but it doesn't seem to have happened at all. We played a couple of festivals there in the summer, and the crowd was amazing, just incredible. It's beautiful playing in Ireland, and we love that people are still engaged with us even though we're away all the time."
"It can be inconvenient in a sense, but we just really love living in Dublin," says Carlos. "We're close to our family and friends, and the city is such a massive inspiration for us. We take so much from the literary heritage we have in Ireland. I think we'd all say we were poets and we all love Yeats and Joyce especially. We even reference James Joyce in 'Boys in the Better Land', because there's such cryptic beauty in his novels."
"We're all poets, we love Yeats and Joyce especially"
Carlos O'Connell
The music that the band have put out so far is undeniably influenced by Irish culture, history and heritage, and this is something that they're keen to place front and centre going forward. "Dublin is probably the biggest theme on our upcoming album," Conor says, without hesitation. "It's a very personal and vulnerable record, but those feelings are tied up with storytelling based around our experiences in Dublin. Representing our home is something that's very important to us."
Not that they're the only band in Dublin making good music though, something they're quick to point out. "There is definitely a scene back home," Carlos starts, clearly enthusiastic. "There are still so many people that could break out of Ireland, and they're all making unique music that deserves to be heard. One of our favourite bands collectively is Girl Band, who have influenced the whole scene so much, really making it so that people aren't afraid to make very different kinds of music.
"We've been really lucky because our manager Trev has helped us navigate through the pitfalls of the scene in a way that a lot of bands don't manage to do. For example, there's a massive EP culture in Ireland, and a lot of groups just get bogged down in releasing them, but they never have as much impact as when you release an actual full-length album."
"That's another reason why we came over to England so early on," he adds. "Trev said we had to do it early and make sure we didn't get stuck in Ireland, and he was right, it's really helped."
While conversations about the band's scope may revolve around Ireland and England, their musical influences come from much further afield and aren't as straightforward as they first appear.
"A lot of people don't realise that we're massively into the Beach Boys," laughs Carlos. "There's a huge surf element to our tunes, especially in the way we approach things. We try to keep things unpredictable, but not too experimental. I guess at the end of the day we're a rock and roll band; we've been tagged as post-punk and all that kind of stuff, which I get because a lot of the songs are quite dark and bass driven. But we started with rock and roll, and while it's harder as an arrangement when it comes to songwriting, I think that's where we're gonna stay. Straight up rock and roll."
Taken from the November issue of Dork. Fontaines D.C. support Shame on tour from 15th November.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
In Latin amare means "to love." What given name means "she who is worthy of love" in Latin?
Etymology, Etymology, and more Etymology
as well as grammar, usage, euphemism, slang, jargon, semantics, linguistics, neologism, idiom, cant, and argot.
The critically-acclaimed board game MooT
consists of tough questions about the nuances of the English language.
To join our mailing list and get
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enter your email address and then press submit.
Answer: Amanda
Similarly, in Latin the name Festus means "festive" and Octavius means "the eighth."
Note: according to mre-@-xtra.co.nz, a better translation of the name would be "she who must be loved" - the gerundive, along the same lines as agenda, what ought to be done, and propaganda, what ought to be disseminated.
http://www.behindthename.com/nm/a3.php says the name Amanda was "Created in the 17th century by the playwright Colley Cibber, who based it on Latin amanda meaning "lovable"."
foo at fire.com
H'm, my Latin is pretty basic, but as far as I know, the gerundive is not a case but a grammatical form: future passive participle. And by itself "amanda" (feminine gerundive of "amare," to love) literally means simply "is about to be loved." But in an extended sense it does mean what the question said: "she who is worthy of love."
If the gerundive is used with the verb to be, the result has the sense of obligatory action. So "amanda est" would mean not simply "she is about to be loved," but "she must be loved." Without the "est," however, I don't think it necessarily means "she who must be loved."
psurajit at netscape.net
Copyright 1998-2009 Blair Arts Ltd. All rights reserved.


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About Eckhart Tolle
Eckhart Tolle was born in Germany. When he was 29, a profound spiritual transformation virtually dissolved his old identity and radically changed the course of his life. He is now a counsellor and spiritual teacher, and the author of The Power of Now, Practising the Power of Now and Stillness Speaks. He lives in Vancouver.
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The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment 6 Oct, 2010
by Eckhart Tolle
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To make the journey into the Now we will need to leave our analytical mind and its false created self, the ego, behind. From the very first page of Eckhart Tolle's extraordinary book, we move rapidly into a significantly higher altitude where we breathe a lighter air. We become connected to the indestructible essence of our Being, "The eternal, ever present One Life beyond the myriad forms of life that are subject to birth and death." Although the journey is challenging, Eckhart Tolle uses simple language and an easy question and answer format to guide us.
A word of mouth phenomenon since its first publication, The Power of Now is one of those rare books with the power to create an experience in readers, one that can radically change their lives for the better.
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'A wake up call for the entire planet. A New Earth helps us to stop creating our own suffering and obsessing over the past and what the future might be and to put ourselves in the now' Oprah Winfrey
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Shaktiman Vartaman: The Power Of Now In Hindi (Hindi Edition) 15 Sep, 2014
The No. 1 New York Times bestseller, The Power of Now is a guide to spiritual enlightenment from a man who is emerging as one of this generation`s clearest, most inspiring teachers. Eckhart Tolle is not aligned with any particular religion but does what all the great masters have done: shows that the way, the truth, and the light already exist within each human being. There is no need to look elsewhere.
During February-March 2002, Eckhart traveled to India to enlighten people on the spiritual path through a series of talks in Chennai and Mumbai, and an eight-day Spiritual Retreat held in Rishikesh. The Indian edition of The Power of Now, already in its forty-second reprint, has sold thousands of copies. The Hindi translation of this book will spread his teaching to an even wider audience.
At the heart of this book, which has already been translated into almost all the major languages of the world, is Eckhart's own story of early despair that culminated in a life-transforming experience of enlightenment at the age of twenty-nine. He emerged to share insights on the perils of the mind, the power of the present, and the accessibility of one's true nature.
Practicing the Power of Now: Essential Teachings, Meditations, and Exercises from the Power of Now 22 Jul, 2001
New York Times bestselling author Eckhart Tolle — A key to happiness is living in the now
Practice The Power of Now: If you, like many others, have benefited from the transformative experience of reading The Power of Now, you will want to own and read Practicing the Power of Now.
Eckhart Tolle: Eckhart Tolle, a spiritual teacher and author who was born in Germany and educated at the Universities of London and Cambridge, is rapidly emerging as one of the world's most inspiring spiritual teachers. His views go beyond any particular religion, doctrine, or guru. In The Power of Now and his subsequent book Practicing the Power of Now, Eckhart shares the enlightenment he himself experienced after a profound inner transformation radically changed the course of his life.
Your path to enlightenment: Practicing the Power of Now extracts the essence from Eckhart's teachings in his New York Times bestseller, The Power of Now (translated into 33 languages). Practicing the Power of Now shows us how to free ourselves from "enslavement to the mind." The aim is to be able to enter into and sustain an awakened state of consciousness throughout everyday life. Through meditations and simple techniques, Eckhart shows us how to quiet our thoughts, see the world in the present moment, and find a path to "a life of grace, ease, and lightness."
The next step in human evolution: Eckhart's profound yet simple teachings have already helped countless people throughout the world find inner peace and greater fulfillment in their lives. At the core of the teachings lies the transformation of consciousness, a spiritual awakening that he sees as the next step in human evolution. An essential aspect of this awakening involves transcending our ego-based state of consciousness. This is a prerequisite not only for personal happiness but also for the ending of violence on our planet.
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"All you really need to do is accept this moment fully. You are then at ease in the here and now and at ease with yourself."
The Power of Now has in a short time already proven to be one of the greatest spiritual books written in recent times. It contains a power that goes beyond words, and it can lead us to a much quieter place beyond our thoughts, a place where our thought-created problems dissolve, and we discover what it means to create a liberated life.
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Khamoshi Bolti Hai - Stillness Speaks In Hindi (Hindi Edition) 30 Sep, 2020
This long-awaited second book by renowned spiritual teacher Eckhart Tolle provides a "going deeper" into the teaching already so eloquently and clearly expressed in his first book The Power of Now. Although the teaching takes on new depth, added dimensions and specific focuses, it is even easier to grasp since Eckhart writes in short, clear entries ranging from one line to one page. Each entry is concise and complete in itself, even though they have been astutely organized into 10 topic clusters ranging from "Stillness & Silence" and "Beyond the Thinking Mind" to "Relationships" and "Suffering & the End of Suffering". Whether read individually, as a topic cluster, or in their totality, these entries take on a Tranformative power that can awaken the reader to Self-Realization, to their true nature. While spiritually profound, Stillness Speaks is also intensely practical. Eckhart tells us how to be with another in a relationship, which can contain and weather all things, how to "sit" with a dying person, where to find wisdom, how to free ourselves of guilt, and how to control the runaway-thinking mind. Underneath the words, between them, in the energy of presence conveyed by them, we find the power of Stillness. This vibrantly alive state found only in the here and Now, is one with our Being and the field out of which all "arises".
Shakti Vartaman Ni - The Power of Now in Gujarati (Gujarati Edition) 12 Mar, 2019
You Save: ₹ 26.00(11%)
The No. 1 New York Times bestseller, The Power of Now is a guide to spiritual enlightenment from a man who is emerging as one of this generation's clearest, most inspiring teachers. Eckhart Tolle is not aligned with any particular religion but does what all the great masters have done: shows that the way, the truth, and the light already exist within each human being. There is no need to look elsewhere.
During February-March 2002, Eckhart traveled to India to enlighten people on the spiritual path through a series of talks in Chennai and Mumbai, and an eight-day Spiritual Retreat held in Rishikesh. The Indian edition of The Power of Now, already in its twentieth reprint, has sold over two million copies. The Gujarati translation of this book will spread his teaching to an even wider audience.
Stillness Speaks 12 Sep, 2012
You Save: ₹ 1,155.36(83%)
New York Times bestselling author Eckhart Tolle — Learn the transformative power of living in the now
Attaining Eckhart Tolle's state of presence: In Stillness Speaks, Eckhart Tolle illuminates the fundamental elements of his teaching, addressing the needs of the modern seeker by drawing from all spiritual traditions. At the core of the book is what the author calls "the state of presence," a living in the 'now' that is both intensely inspirational and practical.
The power of now: When the pressures of future and past thinking disappear, fear and frustration also vanish, conquered by the moment. Stillness Speaks takes the form of 200 individual entries, organized into 10 topic clusters that range from "Beyond the Thinking Mind" to "Suffering and the End of Suffering." Each entry is concise and complete in itself, but, read together, take on a transformative power.
If you have read The Untethered Soul by Michael Singer, Buddha's Brain by Rick Hanson, or other Eckhart Tolle books such as The Power of Now, you will want to own and read Stillness Speaks.
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Guardians of Being: Spiritual Teachings from Our Dogs and Cats 15 May, 2013
by Eckhart Tolle, Patrick McDonnell
This wonderfully unique collaboration brings together two masters of their fields, joining original words by spiritual teacher Eckhart Tolle with delightful illustrations by Patrick McDonnell, the creator of the acclaimed comic strip MUTTS. Every heartwarming page provokes thought, insight, and smiling reverence for all beings and each moment.
More than a collection of witty and charming drawings, the marriage of Patrick McDonnell's art and Eckhart Tolle's words conveys a profound love of nature, of animals, of humans, of all life-forms. Guardians of Being celebrates and reminds us of not only the oneness of all life but also the wonder and joy to be found in the present moment, amid the beauty we sometimes forget to notice all around us.
Other Formats: Hardcover , Paperback
Milton's Secret: An Adventure of Discovery through Then, When, and the Power of Now 28 Nov, 2008
by Eckhart Tolle, Robert S. Friedman, Frank Riccio
For the first time ever, bestselling author Eckhart Tolle brings the core of his teachings to children, ages 7 to 100. Beautifully illustrated and artfully expressed, this charming story will bring joy to children and their parents for decades to come.
Milton, who is about eight years old, is experiencing bullying on the school playground at the hands of a boy named Carter.
Because he is being picked on, Milton no longer enjoys going to school. In fact, he dreads each morning because of his fear of Carter.
By discovering the difference between Then, When, and the Now, Milton is able to shed his fear of being bullied. Living in the Now, he no longer dreads encountering Carter--and this changes everything.
Milton's Secret will not only appeal to the millions of adult readers of Tolle's other books, but also to any parent who wants to introduce their children to the core of Tolle's teachings: Living in the Now is the quickest path to ending fear and suffering.
Avani Ek Navi (Marathi Edition) 1 Mar, 2018
by Eckhart Tolle, Nilima Joshi
Eckhart Tolle's A New Earth will be a cornerstone for personal spirituality and self-improvement for years to come, leading readers to a new levels of consciousness and inner peace. Taking off from the introspective work The Power of Now, which is a number one bestseller and has sold millions of copies worldwide, Tolle provides the spiritual framework for people to move beyond themselves in order to make this world a better, more spiritually evolved place to live. Shattering modern ideas of ego and entitlement, self and society, Tolle lifts the veil of fear that has hung over humanity during this new millennium, and shines an illuminating light that leads to happiness and health that every reader can follow. एकदा का मनुष्याला आपल्या स्वत:मधल्या अस्तित्वाची जाणीव झाली. त्याचं अवधान जागृत झालं की, स्वत:च्या ठिकाणचा दिव्यांश आणि प्रत्येक जीवाच्या ठिकाणी असलेली चेतना एक आहेत याची त्याला जाणीव होते. त्या जीवाविषयी त्याला प्रेम वाटू लागतं. जोवर हे घडत नाही तोवर बहुतेक लोक बाह्यरूपाकडे, मनोकायिक अस्तित्वाकडेच पाहतात. स्वत:च्या आणि आंतरिक चेतनेचं त्यांना भान नसतं. ज्यांना हे भान असतं त्यांना भौतिक अस्तित्वाच्या पलीकडे काहीतरी अधिक आहे, याची जाणीव असते. बुद्ध, जीझस आणि अन्य अनाम आत्मे मनुष्य चेतनेच्या बहराची उमलण्याची साक्ष आहेत.


text:
Tuscaloosa station is an Amtrak intercity rail station located at 2105 Greensboro Avenue one mile south of downtown Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Currently served exclusively by the Crescent to New York or New Orleans, the station was originally operated by the  Southern Railway. Tuscaloosa was one of the last railroad-operated active passenger stations in the country, as the Southern Crescent, predecessor to the current Amtrak train, was still operated by the Southern well into the Amtrak era.

References

External links

Tuscaloosa Amtrak Station (USA Rail Guide -- Train Web)

Transportation in Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Amtrak stations in Alabama
Stations along Southern Railway lines in the United States
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1911
Transportation buildings and structures in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I took two of the dogs to their chiro today -- I've seen this chiro for 19 years now, he's been invaluable to all my dogs and I couldn't have kept Sander and Mikey alive without Dr H's help -- and told him about Rowley's heartworm positive. We went over the treatment and the nutritional support I've put into place, and he said 'the only thing I can suggest is spore biotics, a course of those might help him' and he went on to talk about gut health and how it's the foundation of all other health.
So I looked up spore biotics when I got home, and it seems to be a prebiotic? I really hate ordering anything from Mercola, and I'm not sure this supplement will add much to Rowley's benefit. He's getting a daily probiotic and also the saccharomyces boulardii that Sabine recommended. He takes 200 mg of doxy at breakfast, mid-day he gets the probiotics and s. boulardii, and at dinner another 200 mg of doxy. He's tolerating this very well, no loose stools or digestive disturbances so far. He also gets plain kefir 5 days a week on his breakfast kibble, and plain yogurt the other 2 days a week.
So, has anyone used spore biotics, have any thoughts pro or con?
It's a probiotic/medicinal mushroom combo product. Spores are the dormant stage of certain strains of bacteria, but can also refer to the spores of fungi. I'm not sure which he is playing on in his marketing here, but probably both.
The nice thing about probiotic strains in spore form (e.g. bacillus coagulans) is that they don't need refrigeration and they are very resistant to a hostile environment (e.g. stomach acid) until they get where they want to be and "wake up".
Keep in mind that "probiotics" is a catch-all term for beneficial microorganisms, most commonly bacteria, and different strains have very different properties and effects.
I think I'll give it a try. Rowley gut health can use improvement. His chiro, as I was leaving, said "And also, with Rowley, don't forget --" and we both said in unison "-- he had Lyme two years ago."
Rowley is more susceptible than some other dogs -- some of MY other dogs -- to pest-borne illnesses. Dr H said that without a healthy gut, robust good health is hard to establish and count on; and that reminds me that Rowley has also picked up intestinal parasites way more often than my other dogs, and most of his life it's been a struggle to keep weight on him. He has deceptively unremarkable poop, but his gut can use some help. And this is almost certainly something that goes back to his genetic inheritance, and possibly to his first 16 weeks. He didn't come into rescue until 7 months of age. I don't think he or his parents had the best of health or health support. And now, in middle age, this kind of thing underlines that fundamental weakness.


Stevenage midfielder Michael Tonge has expressed his delight having signed a new contract with the club.
Having joined initially on a short term deal in October, Tonge says that he was always hoping to extend his stay.
"Delighted. My old one came to an end yesterday so I was just keen to get it sorted and keep playing football really.
Tonge's deal will keep him at the club until the end of the 2016/2017 season and he says that having that stability was paramount to him.
Although Tonge admits that the season hasn't gone to plan so far, he says that everyone is still confident and determined to put things right.
"There have been ups and downs. We had a really good, positive run before Christmas and since we have faltered a little bit. We have got to try and pick ourselves up and start getting back to what we were doing then and start winning some football matches. Everybody is aware of that and trying to do their utmost to get the results on the pitch.
This Saturday's game against Barnet is set to be a fiery local derby and Tonge says that the team will need the fans who have been excellent all season.
"They have been behind the team every game we have had at home to be honest and the lads recognise that, definitely.
"We will need them again on Saturday, it is a big local derby and it will be a blood and thunder game if you like, probably quite direct so we will need them to push us on and when you are struggling, that is when you need the fans the most.