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Taking Statins To The Next Level
Matthew Herper Former Staff
I cover science and medicine, and believe this is biology's century.
AstraZeneca wants to get millions more people taking cholesterol-lowering drugs. Will it be enough to revive the drugmaker?
You might think that everyone who should be on cholesterol-lowering drugs already is. At the moment 20 million Americans swallow the likes of Lipitor, Zocor and Crestor. But a forthcoming study, funded by Crestor maker AstraZeneca, suggests that these drugs, known as statins, can work against heart disease in some people with low cholesterol levels. If so, another 12 million people should be taking the drugs. If they do sign up, Crestor might double its sales to $6.8 billion by 2012.
The original purpose of statin drugs was to keep gunky cholesterol from building up. But some scientists argue they also lower artery inflammation, which can cause cholesterol plaque to burst into heart-attack-causing clots. The Astra study, called Jupiter, tested the theory that Crestor combats this swelling in 18,000 people whose blood tests showed low levels of bad cholesterol (average: 104 milligrams per deciliter) but high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), which could indicate that the arteries are inflamed.
In March the study was stopped early because of "unequivocal" benefit. Now some scientists are hoping for blowout results when the full data are presented on Nov. 9. Bonus: Because Jupiter's test population is 40% women, it is likely to be the first study to prove statins prevent first heart attacks in both genders.
"It is a major study," says Deepak Bhatt, head of cardiology for the Boston VA Healthcare Systems. Cardiologist Steven Nissen of the Cleveland Clinic says: "It's potentially a game-changer. There could be a much larger population of patients that may benefit than are currently treated."
Astra paid for the study after Pfizer passed on it and will likely be the biggest beneficiary. Only Astra will be able to use Jupiter in plugging its drug, and Crestor is the most potent statin for lowering both cholesterol and CRP. Right now the cholesterol drug class, $34 billion (sales) last year, is stalling because of the tough economy and cheap generics. Pfizer's Lipitor sales are down 2% from last year. But sales of Crestor, the third-most-popular statin, are up 30% as it benefits from growing confidence in its safety (and from disappointments with the competing drug Vytorin from Merck and Schering-Plough). Now Jupiter "gives physicians a new way of thinking," says Tony P. Zook, president of AstraZeneca for North America.
Astra could use a boost. It is facing expiration of patents for several drugs, including, in 2012, the one for Seroquel, the leading antipsychotic in the U.S. Profits could shrink every year between 2010 and 2015, according to Sanford C. Bernstein. AstraZeneca's attempts at innovation, including a blood thinner, all failed. That left me-too drugs, slight improvements on what's already out there. But the case of Crestor shows that a small improvement can mean a lot.
"It will be another plank in the bridge we have built for this product," says AstraZeneca Chief Executive David Brennan.
The inflammation theory first arose in the mid-1990s at Harvard after some doctors wondered why cholesterol drugs reduced strokes more than could be explained by cholesterol alone. One, Paul Ridker, thought to test archived blood samples from completed clinical trials for CRP, the only easy way to measure inflammation. By 2001 he'd published convincing papers in places like the New England Journal of Medicine, but many researchers scoffed that it was just data dredging.
Ridker was turned down by the government and then Pfizer to do a clinical trial of statins in people with high CRP. Bayer was about to say yes when its statin, Baycol, was pulled from the market for causing dangerous liver and muscle side effects. But two AstraZeneca cardiologists persuaded their employer to pay for a study.
Crestor started to look like another Baycol. The top dose didn't make it through the Food & Drug Administration, and Public Citizen called for it to be pulled from the market. Ridker says two FDA officials, Mary Parks and David Orloff, who backed Crestor's safety, saved the study.
Crestor's sales could be tempered by other factors. A less expensive generic version of Lipitor, the bestselling statin now, is coming in three years and could eat into Crestor's growth. Allen Taylor, a Washington, D.C. cardiologist, says people with CRPoften have other risk factors, like being overweight, and might be on statins anyway. Plus, widespread screening for high CRPwould be expensive, says James Stein of the University of Wisconsin. But if Crestor clearly saves the lives of people with high CRP counts, patients will probably find a way to get the test and the drug.
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Matthew Herper
I believe this is biology's century. I've covered science and medicine for Forbes from the Human Genome Project through Vioxx to the blossoming DNA technology changing ...


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Biggie Smalls and Casablanca: The Week in Pop-Culture Writing
Highlights from seven days of writing about arts and entertainment
Biggie Smalls at the Billboard Music Awards in New York in 1995. (Mark Lennihan / AP)
Heartthrob Never: On the Beauty of Biggie Smalls
Hanif Willis-Abdurraqib | MTV News
"I like that Biggie did not seem to imagine himself a thinner man. I like that he spoke of his bulk, made it a character in his articulation of himself. I like that he didn't always hide his weight underneath jokes, as the film and television tropes often go. Our bodies, as they are, aren't flaws. What made the persona that Biggie created so great was that he knew this. If he did think of himself as a sex symbol in the mold of [Mick] Jagger or [Frank] Sinatra, it was all mental work, and not projecting their physiques onto himself."
Ryan Murphy's Limited Depictions of Controversial White Women
Pier Dominguez | BuzzFeed
"While Crime Story used the theater of the [O.J.] Simpson trial to explore race and gender in America, Feud isn't interested in examining issues of gender through feuds. There are no insights into why such conflicts resonate so much, why the public likes to read about them, why people tend to think about women in opposition to each other, why feuds become symbols of larger questions."
Food Critics and the Oscars: The Week in Pop-Culture Writing
How a Guy From a Montana Trailer Park Overturned 150 Years of Biology
Nothing Says Midwest Like a Well-Dressed Porch Goose
Julie Beck
A Novel About Refugees That Feels Instantly Canonical
Jia Tolentino | The New Yorker
"Refugee stories often focus on transit, for obvious reasons. Children travel thousands of miles unaccompanied, hiding in train stations and surviving on wild fruit; men are beaten, jailed, and swindled just for the chance to make it on a boat that, if it doesn't capsize and kill them, will allow them to try their luck in other dangerous seas. But in his new novel, Exit West, Mohsin Hamid tells a story about migration in which the refugee's journey is compressed into an instant."
By Immigrants, for Immigrants: Why Casablanca Still Matters
Noah Gittell | The Los Angeles Review of Books
"What separates it from its cinematic peers—if it has any—is that it refuses to hide the immigrant experience. Instead, it creates a new American myth celebrating that experience as a core American value. In those early days of the United States's involvement in World War II, when compassion for the displaced was an urgent political priority, Casablanca served as both an instrument of empathy and a vital piece of anti-fascist propaganda."
25 Songs That Tell Us Where Music Is Going: "F.U.B.U" by Solange
Angela Flournoy | The New York Times Magazine
"In 'F.U.B.U.' [Solange] Knowles doesn't just eschew the white gaze for the sake of creating her art; she performs that rejection in song, to pull her black listeners close. It's a rhetorical invitation for black folks to grab a chair and settle in for real talk about lives like theirs. To her white listeners (who are listening, after all), she offers a tongue-in-cheek indictment as consolation: 'Don't feel bad if you can't sing along / Just be glad you got the whole wide world.'"
Simone de Beauvoir's Philosophy Resonates Today
Skye C Cleary | Aeon
"Today more than ever it's vital to recognize that freedom can't be assumed. Some of the freedoms that de Beauvoir fought so hard for in the mid-20th century have since come under threat. De Beauvoir warns that we should expect appeals to 'nature' and 'utility' to be used as justifications for restrictions on our freedom. And she has been proved correct."
How Buffy the Vampire Slayer Transformed TV as We Know It
Todd VanDerWerff and Caroline Framke | Vox
"Where Buffy cut its own path was in combining all of those influences to create a model that's still in use today, largely unchanged. Every season of the venerable monster-hunting show Supernatural, now in its 12th season, uses this model. Lost used it too, but broke its overarching story into smaller pieces and swapped primary objectives (getting off the Island, etc.) for a big villain in each season. And do we need to point out The Walking Dead's similarity to this storytelling format? Probably not."
Beauty and the Beast: The Dark History of a Literary Fairytale
Amanda Craig | The Guardian
"The Disney cartoon, perhaps surprisingly, is the best version yet. Disney's Beast begins as the incarnation of the spoilt rich kid but love turns him into a brave, generous and self-sacrificing hero. He steals the show even as the feminist, bookish (and rather prim) Belle reforms and loves him."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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16-й Донской казачий генерала Грекова 8-го полк — лёгкий кавалерийский полк Русской Императорской армии.

Первоочередной полк 16-го полкового звена, которое составляли: 16-й генерала Грекова 8-го, 33-й и 50-й Донские казачьи полки. Звено комплектовались казаками станиц Заплавской, Бессергеневской, Мелиховской, Старочеркасской, Манычской, Багаевской, Егорлыцкой, Елизаветинской, Новониколаевской Черкасского, Ростовского и Таганрогского округов. Сборный пункт в Новочеркасске; для 50-го полка — Ростов-на-Дону.

Ранние формирования полка
16-й Донской казачий полк являлся прямым наследником Донского казачьего № 31 Сергеева полка, который был сформирован в середине 1820-х годов XIX века и принимал участие в Кавказских кампаниях против персов в 1826—1828 годах и против турок в 1828—1829 годах.

Впервые Донской казачий полк под № 16 был сформирован 26 мая 1835 года на основании нового положения о Донском казачьем войске. Периодически этот полк созывался в строй и распускался на льготу, также менялся его текущий номер (в зависимости от свободного номера полка при созыве). Кроме номера в названии полка также положено было означать и имя его текущего командира.

Полк долгое время находился на Кавказе и принимал участие в походах против горцев.

Окончательное формирование полка
27 июля 1875 года с Дона на внешнюю службу был вызван очередной Донской казачий № 15 полк.

В 1877—1878 годах полк состоял в 1-й Донской казачьей дивизии генерала И. И. Шамшева и принимал участие в военных действиях против турок в Болгарии.

13 августа 1882 года полк был обращён во второочередной. 23 марта 1888 года снова был переведён в первоочередные полки и с больше на льготу не распускался.

С 24 мая 1894 года полк именовался как 16-й Донской казачий полк. 26 августа 1904 года вечным шефом полка был назван генерал Греков 8-й и его имя было присоединено к имени полка.

Принимал участие в Первой мировой войне.

Униформа
Шифровка на погонах — алая «16.» С 18 октября 1915 г. шифровка изменена на «16.Д.». При общей казачьей форме полк носил мундиры, чекмени, клапана шинелей и погоны — тёмно-синие, лампасы, верх папахи, околыши, выпушки на погонах и клапанах шинели — алые. Петлицы — См.: «Знаки отличия».

Знаки отличия
 Полковое Георгиевское знамя, пожалованное 29 апреля 1869 года (отличие унаследованно от Донского казачьего Карпова (Сергеева) полка, которому знамя с этой надписью было пожаловано 21 сентября 1831 года). Рисунок неизвестен. Навершие образца 1867 (Г.Арм.) высеребренное. Древко чёрное. «За отличіе / въ Персидскую и Турецкую / войны 1827 / и 1828 годовъ». К Первой мировой состояние знамени плохое. Судьба знамени неизвестна.
 На воротниках и обшлагах мундира одиночные белевые петлицы на воротнике и обшлагах нижних чинов, пожалованные 6 декабря 1908 года.

Командиры полка
 в 1877—1878 — полковник Слюсарев (Николай Александрович?)
 23.03.1889 - 06.05.1894 полковник А.А.Каюнчин
 02.06.1894 — 02.04.1899 — полковник Филенков, Василий Иванович
 20.08.1899 — 01.05.1902 — полковник Жиров, Михаил Семёнович
 15.02.1903 — 09.09.1904 полковник Чеботарев Степан Степанович
 07.09.1904 - 05.02.1907 полковник В.И.Лапин
 05.02.1907 — 14.01.1912 — полковник Кунаков, Ефим Фёдорович
 10.03.1912 — 02.02.1915 - полковник Володин Степан Петрович
 02.02.1915 - полковник Д.И.Юдин

Офицеры полка
 Карасёв, Дмитрий Фёдорович — выпущен в полк хорунжим из Новочеркасского казачьего училища 6 августа 1911. Сотником с 5 октября 1914 г. За отличие в делах награждён орденами: Святого Станислава 3-й степени с мечами и бантом, Святой Анны 3-й степени с мечами и бантом (оба 21 марта 1916 г.).

Источники

Казачьи полки Российской империи
Кавалерия России во время Первой мировой войны
Донские казачьи полки

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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28 October 2016 at 12:25pm
Shadow Brexit Secretary Keir Starmer calls for government openness over Nissan 'deal'
Shadow Brexit Secretary Keir Starmer QC. Credit: Reuters
Shadow Brexit Secretary Keir Starmer QC has called on the Government to be more open following a report that it promised businesses such as Nissan a post-Brexit "sweetheart deal".
The Labour MP welcomed the Government's move to protect jobs and support local economies, but said ministers need to fully explain any deal it may have made with Nissan.
"That deal needs to be accompanied by transparency and accountability," Mr Starmer said.
Brexit: Nissan boss confident in UK business
Nissan announced plans this week to build new car models at its Sunderland plant. Credit: PA Wire
"We can't have the government doing deals that affect jobs and the future of our economy without telling the public or parliament what the basic terms are."
Mr Starmer added: "They now need to spell that out and strike a wider deal that gives certainty to businesses, workers and communities across the country."
Downing Street has suggested that written assurances were given to Nissan, and told a Westminster briefing that the Government communicated with the car maker in "all forms".
NIssan's UK plant in Sunderland. Credit: PA Wire
A No 10 spokesman said: "The dialogue between Nissan and the government has obviously been going on for some period of time.
"We've made it perfectly clear, Nissan have made it perfectly clear, there was no deal, there was no compensation package, there was nothing about tariffs."
The spokesman added that the Government and Nissan merely engaged in "open and honest dialogue" about the government's vision for the future of the UK's automotive industry as Britain leaves the EU.
Nissan to build new car models at Sunderland plant
Last updated Thu 1 Jun 2017
Keir Starmer
Labour should automatically expel anti-Semites, says Sir Keir Starmer
Sir Keir Starmer: Cross-party Brexit deal needs to include second referendum
Starmer: Tory leadership contest 'most important' thing for many in Cabinet


Provided mediation of a complex multiparty public policy dispute between the State of Washington's "Division of Developmental Disabilities of the Department of Social and Health Services" (DDD/DSHS) and the diverse twenty-two organizational member Stakeholder's Workgroup. On January 7, 1998 all parties signed the 'Stakeholder Workgroup Agreements in Principle'. New state legislation was based upon this agreement which also resulted in an additional $128 million dollar budget increase plus matching federal funds for the Division over a five year period with a significant anticipated and accepted monetary bow wave. The agreement also institutionalized as policy the principles of 'informed choice and self-determination of persons with developmental disabilities', and additional years were devoted to addressing operational policies regarding optional institutional residential placements or community based living.
Provided federally-mandated mediation of a lawsuit case filed October 1st, 1999 between (i) a Eastern Washington grassroots organization, Save Our Summers (SOS), primarily comprised of parents of children with pulmonary disorders and (ii) the State of Washington's Department of Ecology (DOE). SOS alleged DOE discriminated against a family and other plaintiffs under the 'Americans with Disabilities Act' [ADA] by allowing virtually unrestricted post-harvest wheat stubble burning in Eastern Washington. Although only SOS and DOE were parties to the lawsuit DOE insisted that the Washington Association of Wheat Growers (WAWG) be included in the mediation process and as a signatory to any mediated resolution. The US Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] was a participant–observer as a steward of the Clean Air Act.
In August 2000 a settlement agreement was reached by all parties — SOS, DOE, WAWG, EPA — and a formal signing of the agreement was scheduled for August 17th. Late in that afternoon WAWG notified the other two waiting parties that it decided not to sign the agreement. Since SOS and DOE were the only parties to the law suit in federal court they decided that they would continue mediated negotiations in order to make minor modifications that would eliminate WAWG provisions. On August 23rd authorized representatives of both SOS, DOE and a representative of the State Attorney General Office signed the revised agreement — but 48 hours later on August 25th the Director of the State of Washington's Department of Ecology [DOE] terminated the agreement which it signed on August 23, 2000 because WAWG — again, a non party to the lawsuit — was not a signatory. Additionally. The federal district judge presiding over the 'American's with Disabilities Act lawsuit then denied WAWG's motion to intervene in the lawsuit thus WAWG could not be a proper party to any settlement negotiations or agreement.
In 2001 SOS and DOE signed an agreement which is all but identical to the modifications agreed on August 23rd, 2000 which it had later breeched on August 25th, 2000.
Facilitated/mediated parties within Federal Commission 2000 North Puget Sound Area Long Term Oil Spill Risk Management Panel for the Washington State Department of Ecology and the US Coast Guard by building consensus for a comprehensive oil spill risk management plan. Twenty organizational stakeholders were included in the process, among them the US Coast Guard, Makah Indian Tribe, the Western States Petroleum Association, local officials, ecological groups, and various maritime industries.
Despite the (i)-(v) dynamics mentioned above 24 of 27 issues were resolved.
Provided mediation between (i) RIDGE, a Rosyln, Washington citizen economic development and environmental protection citizens group, and (ii) Trendwest's MountainStar Resort Development of 7000-acre resort. Accomplished a comprehensive agreement involving multiple issues including size of project footprint, density and umber of building units, water rights, amount of land to be kept and designated as forever wild, open space, "dark skies," elk connectivity runs, public access, etc. This destination resort has since been sold, and is now known as Suncadia.
Provided mediation at the Richland (Hanford) Nuclear Facility between the US Department of Ecology and the State of Washington's Department of Ecology regarding the redesign of the cleanup of low-level nuclear waste in the reservation's central core.
Provided mediation between Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad and the City of Skykomish, Washington regarding payments and clean-up projects of city-owned properties (buildings, streets, open spaces, etc.) to remove decades of pollution [petroleum in the form of fuel oil, hydrocarbons, PCBs, PAHs, lead and arsenic] caused by the railway's former operations of its maintenance and fueling facility.
Facilitated/mediated negotiations for the UN's Food and Agricultural Organization-World Health Organization [FAO-WHO] Codex Alimentarius in the "adopt / not adopt ractopamine"* dispute" — involving authorized governmental negotiators of 11 nations plus representatives from industry and animal welfare groups participating in the Friends of the Chair [FOTC} process. Codex, comprised of the vast majority of the world's nations, has as its primary principle to achieve international consensus regarding food safety standards that do not interfere with fair trade — and deals with food labeling, food hygiene, food additives, and pesticide residues. The key to Codex decisions rests on the credibility of the science conducted by the independent 'Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives' (JECFA) and which all Codex members are not suppose to dispute — but occasionally a nation will do so because they have 'other legitimate factors' [OLFs] which means non-scientific factors that are nonetheless fair game for consideration when carrying out risk management but do not have nearly as much weight as JECFA's findings and recommendations.
* a veterinary drug that is used as a feed additive to promote leanness in pigs and cattle.
At the time of this FOTC process the matter of ractopamine was an 8+ year old dispute, and almost evenly divides Codex. It was perhaps unrealistic to think that convening and conducting three 1/2 day mediation sessions [spread over nine months in three nations — Mexico, Brussels, and China] would result in a consensus to recommend to the entire CAC body in July 2011 in Geneva.
In China and other Asian countries, animal internal organs including mussel, liver. kidneys and lungs are regularly consumed. China has some concerns regarding studies that indicate residual levels in lungs — thus a cultural consideration as well; as a result of the FOTC mediation sessions this matter is now being reexamined by 'Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives' (JECFA). The European Union [EU] delegation placed emphasis on 'consumer preference'. Norway representatives advocated animal welfare. We do not fault any delegate for trying to advance their own respective 'OLF' interests – even while temporarily neglecting Codex' fundamental principle, i.e., food safety for the protection of consumers while also facilitating fair trade.


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Does Your State Protect Your Privacy in the Digital Age?
New technologies make it possible for state and local law enforcement agencies to engage in surveillance that used to be prohibitively expensive and/or effectively impossible. The ACLU has been working with legislators across the country to put in place rules to ensure that we can take advantage of these new technologies without becoming a surveillance society in which our every movements are tracked, monitored, and scrutinized by the authorities. Much of our work to that end focuses on: law enforcement access to electronic communications content, location tracking, automatic license plate readers, and domestic surveillance drones.
If we can address these four issue areas, we will go a long way toward protecting privacy in the digital age. This map provides a snapshot of the states that have already provided privacy protections for some or all of them. Of course, the devil is in the details of these laws, and we encourage you to review the bill text or to check out the ACLU's blog for more information on just how much protection there is in your state.
Click any highlighted state to learn more
Map Data:
Show map data
Scroll for details on each state
No additional state-level privacy
Privacy protections for license plate reader data
Legislation enacted in 2013 imposing a 150-day data retention limit for Automatic License Plate Reader data.
Legislation enacted in 2013 to ban Automatic License Plate Readers.
Legislation enacted in 2013 imposing an 18-month data retention limit for Automatic License Plate Reader data (sunsets in July 2015).
Privacy protections for location information
The Federal Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit ruled in 2014 that police need a warrant to obtain historical cell phone location information from a cell service provider.
Legislation enacted in 2014 to require law enforcement to get a probable cause warrant before obtaining location information in a criminal investigation.
The Massachussetts Supreme Court ruled in 2014 that a warrant will often be required when local or state police attempt to track cell phones.
Legislation enacted in 2014 to require law enforcement to get a warrant before obtaining location information in a criminal investigation
The New Jersey Supreme Court ruled in 2013 that law enforcement must obtain a warrant before obtaining cell phone location information in a criminal investigation.
Privacy protections from drone surveillance
Legislation enacted in 2014 to require law enforcement to get a probable cause warrant before using a drone in a criminal investigation.
Privacy protections in two issue areas
Legislation enacted in 2014 to require law enforcement to get a probable cause warrant before tracking real-time location information.
Two-year moratorium on domestic drone use by law enforcement enacted in 2013.
Legislation enacted in 2014 to require law enforcement to obtain a probable cause warrant before tracking real-time location in a criminal investigation or conducting drone surveillance in a criminal investigation.
Legislation enacted in 2014 to require law enforcement to obtain a probable cause warrant before tracking real-time location in a criminal investigation.
Legislation enacted in 2014 to require law enforcement to get a probable casue warrant before access electronic communications content regardless of its age or where it is stored.
Legislation enacted in 2013 to require law enforcement to obtain a probable cause warrant before accessing electronic communications content regardless of its age or where it is stored
Legislation enacted in 2013 that provides insufficient privacy protections against unfettered law enforcement use of surveillance drones.
Legislation enacted in 2014 to provide some privacy protections for location information.
Privacy protections in three or more issue areas
Legislation enacted in 2013 to require law enforcement to get a probable cause warrant before accessing electronic communications content created on an portable electronic device.
Legislation enacted in 2009 imposing a 21-day data retention limit for Automatic License Plate Reader data.
Legislation enacted in 2014 to require law enforcement to get a probable cause warrant before obtaining a narrow class of location information.
Legislation enacted in 2014 to require law enforcement to get a probable cause warrant before obtaining location information in a criminal investigation and before accessing electronic communications and data regardless of age or where they are stored.
Legislation enacted in 2013 imposing a 9-month data retention limit for Automatic License Plate Reader data.


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Marsala – głównie słodkie, białe wzmacniane wino włoskie, produkowane w prowincji Trapani w zachodniej części Sycylii. Nazwa pochodzi od miasta Marsala. Istnieją też wersje wytrawne (secco), półwytrawne (semisecco) oraz czerwone (rubino).

Wino marsala zyskało rozgłos pod koniec XVIII wieku na fali popularności podobnych win porto i sherry, a pionierem jego eksportu był Anglik John Woodhouse. W międzyczasie jakość się pogorszyła, a ilość produkowanego wina zmalała, ale od lat 80. XX wieku ponownie pojawiły się dobrej jakości marsale, do czego przyczyniły się zmiany prawne w roku 1984 i inicjatywa producentów.

Białe marsale produkowane są przede wszystkim z winogron odmian grillo, catarratto bianco, a także inzolia, damaschino i innych. Czerwone marsale mogą zawierać do 30% winogron o jasnej skórce. Wino jest wzmacniane przez dodatek spirytusu winnego, a w razie potrzeby dosładzane koncentratem winogronowym.

Wino objęte apelacją Marsala DOC musi cechować się zawartością alkoholu minimum 17%, a od kategorii superiore wzwyż – 18%.

Wyróżnia się następujące rodzaje marsali:
 fine starzona do roku
 superiore, starzona co najmniej dwa lata
 superiore riserva, starzona co najmniej cztery lata
 vergine albo soleras, starzona co najmniej pięć lat
 vergine stravecchio albo vergine riserva, starzona co najmniej dziesięć lat
Wina leżakują w systemie solera (w którym miesza się wino starsze z młodszym).
Marsale vergine bywają porównywane z najlepszymi przykładami podobnych win portugalskich (porto) i hiszpańskich (oloroso, odmianie sherry) i mogą być starzone nawet do 70 lat.

Słodka marsala (dolce) zawiera przynajmniej 100 gram cukru resztkowego na litr. Marsala do 40 g cukru na litr jest określana jako secco (wytrawna). Półwytrawne marsale mieszczą się w przedziale 40-100 g/l.

Pod względem koloru wyróżnia się wersje oro (złota), ambra (bursztynowa) i rubino (rubinowa), zależne od wykorzystanych szczepów i dodawanego koncentratu.

Marsala jest podawana jako aperitif, jako wino deserowe oraz z suszonymi owocami, ciastkami, deserami z kremem oraz z dojrzałymi serami. W sprzedaży są dostępne nieobjęte apelacją wina na bazie marsali z dodatkiem żółtek lub innych dodatków smakowych.

W Stanach Zjednoczonych pod nazwą marsala wolno sprzedawać dowolne wzmacniane wina o bursztynowym kolorze i zawartości alkoholu 17-24%.

Zobacz też
 Kuchnia włoska

Przypisy

Włoskie wina deserowe
Sycylia
Marsala


text:
package org.onosproject.ne;

import static com.google.common.base.MoreObjects.toStringHelper;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * VpnInstance vpn instance.
 */
public class VpnInstance {
    private final String neId;
    private final List<VrfEntity> vrfList;

    /**
     * VrfEntity constructor.
     *
     * @param neId ne identifier
     * @param vrfList list of vrf
     * @param routeDistinguisher route distinguisher
     * @param importTargets list of importTarget
     * @param exportTargets list of exportTarget
     * @param bgp bgp
     */
    public VpnInstance(String neId, List<VrfEntity> vrfList) {
        checkNotNull(neId, "neId cannot be null");
        checkNotNull(vrfList, "vrfList cannot be null");
        this.neId = neId;
        this.vrfList = vrfList;
    }

    /**
     * Returns neId.
     *
     * @return neId
     */
    public String neId() {
        return neId;
    }

    /**
     * Returns vrfList.
     *
     * @return vrfList
     */
    public List<VrfEntity> vrfList() {
        return vrfList;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash(neId, vrfList);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj) {
            return true;
        }
        if (obj instanceof VpnInstance) {
            final VpnInstance other = (VpnInstance) obj;
            return Objects.equals(this.neId, other.neId)
                    && Objects.equals(this.vrfList, other.vrfList);
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return toStringHelper(this).add("neId", neId).add("vrfList", vrfList)
                .toString();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Google Street View Barletta.Google Maps Italy.
Google Maps Street View of Barletta, Province of Barletta-Andria-Trani, Apulia, Italy.
Find where is Barletta located. Zoom in and zoom out the satellite map. Search for street addresses and locations. Find latitude,longitude and elevation for each position of the Google Street View Marker. Get accommodation in Barletta or nearby Barletta.


text:
Ready, Set, Hike | Weekly Market Commentary | March 14, 2022
The Federal Reserve (Fed) meets this week and in all likelihood will raise short-term interest rates for the first time since emergency levels of monetary accommodation were provided to markets after the COVID-19 shutdowns. Inflationary pressures are running higher than the central bankers are comfortable with, but the conflict in Eastern Europe adds to the uncertain path of policy normalization. Prospects of yield curve inversion make the Fed's job trickier.
Interest Rate Hikes Are (Likely) Coming
The Federal Reserve is widely expected to increase short-term interest rates this week for the first time since emergency levels of monetary support were enacted in the aftermath of the COVID-19 shutdowns. With its asset purchase programs fully winding down last week (the Fed was buying $120 billion a month of U.S. Treasury and mortgage securities), the Fed has signaled that it is ready to take the next step towards policy normalization and is set to start a series of interest rate hikes over the coming years. How many rate hikes and how quickly the Fed gets back to a neutral policy rate—the interest rate that neither stimulates nor restrains economic growth—is still uncertain. As seen in Figure 1, markets expect the Fed to raise interest rates at least six times this year, which would bring the policy rate to between 1.50% and 1.75%. It should be noted that these market-implied expectations are volatile and expectations can and do change over time.
Our view remains that Fed interest rate hikes will likely begin this week with a 25 basis point (0.25%) increase and then three to four more rate hikes at subsequent meetings in 2022. Moreover, we think the Fed will start to reduce its nearly $9 trillion balance sheet in the second half of 2022. There is a risk to the upside (in hikes) depending on the trajectory of inflationary pressures. If consumer price pressures moderate over the course of the year as we and the Fed expect, then we think the Fed can take a more gradual approach to interest rate hikes. However, if inflationary pressures remain stubbornly high and we start to see longer-term inflation expectations become unanchored (more on this below), the Fed may be forced to move more aggressively than what is even already priced in.
The Committee will also release individual meeting participants' projections for real gross domestic product (GDP) growth, the unemployment rate, and inflation for the next several years, as well as its longer-term forecasts. It's largely expected that the Fed will confirm that we are near/at full employment and that the strong labor market can handle a series of interest rate hikes. The Fed will also likely adjust its forecast for GDP growth down (from December's forecast of 4.0% GDP growth in 2022) and its forecasts for inflation up (with PCE headline and core metrics, their preferred inflation measures, at 2.6% and 2.7% back in December). However, the Committee will likely maintain its stance that inflation will fall back to its longer-term trend in 2023.
Has The Fed Lost Control Of The Inflation Narrative?
Inflation expectations are informative about how the current inflation experience has shaped the public's views regarding future inflation. And the Fed pays close attention to how these expectations change over time. De-anchored inflation expectations tend to make further inflationary pressures self-fulfilling. So, it's notable that the Fed's January Survey of Consumer Expectations (the most recent one available) showed a decrease in short and medium-term inflation expectations. While still elevated, falling consumer expectations about future consumer price increases is encouraging. Moreover, longer-term market-implied inflation expectations are in line with historical averages. It seems that, despite the elevated inflation readings we've seen over the past few months, markets and consumers still expect price pressures to abate, which could allow the Fed to take a more moderate approach to interest rate hikes.
Geopolitics Add Uncertainty To Policy Normalization
Complicating the expected path of policy normalization, however, is the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. As sanctions and boycotts continue against Russia, which is the world's third largest oil producer, we may see continued upward pressure on commodity prices, on top of the inflation effects already in place from COVID-19-related supply chain disruptions. Additionally, Ukraine and Russia together account for more than a quarter of global trade of wheat. The conflict has closed major ports in Ukraine and severed logistics and transport links. As such, the negative impact to global trade, both energy and ex-energy, are likely to weigh on the prospects for global economic growth, at least in the near term. This heightened uncertainty and potential shock to financial and economic growth trajectories further complicate the Fed's ability to aggressively raise short-term interest rates.
That said, while we think the Fed will be less hawkish than it otherwise would be due to the ongoing conflict in Eastern Europe, price stability is one of its primary mandates. So, as long as inflation pressures remain above the Fed's inflation target, we think the Fed will continue along the path of policy normalization.
Will Fed Rate Hikes invert the Yield Curve?
One of the big risks associated with Fed rate hikes, though, is when the Fed funds rate is pushed higher than longer-term Treasury yields. In this instance, the yield curve becomes inverted, which means shorter maturity securities out-yield longer maturity securities. Generally, the opposite is true and the yield curve is upward sloping. The slope of the yield curve is an important economic gauge, as an inverted yield curve has presaged every recession since the 1970s (though not all inverted yield curves have been followed shortly by recessions).
The Fed's ability to substantially raise interest rates before yield curve inversion has been trending lower over the last few decades. Because the 10-year Treasury yield has been in a secular decline since the mid-80s, the Fed's ability to raise short-term has been constrained. That said, we're likely to hear more in the coming months about yield curve inversion and, thus, increased recessionary risks. And while it's true that the Fed has never started a rate hiking campaign when the yield curve has been this flat (as seen in Figure 2 as measured by the difference in yields between 10-year and 2-year U.S. Treasury), the more important tenors on the yield curve, at least in terms of presaging recessions, are the three-month and 10-year yields, which are still far from inversion. As such, we believe the Fed has room to raise interest rates before true inversion takes place.
Help Wanted?
As if the Fed's job wasn't challenging enough in the current environment, it will be meeting this week with candidates for three vacant Governor seats. Congress has yet to confirm the five Fed nominations, including Chair Pro Tempore Jerome Powell and Vice Chair Lael Brainard. Powell and Brainard will still be able to vote (while their respective terms have ended, they are able to stay on the Board until the positions are replaced) and the exclusion of three regular voting members shouldn't be disruptive. Nonetheless, three fewer voters (and thus fewer opinions on the Committee) likely couldn't come at a worse time as the Fed is dealing with stubbornly elevated consumer price pressures.
The job of a central banker is never an easy one but given all the uncertainty in the world, their jobs have become much more challenging. The situation in Eastern Europe is certainly adding to the uncertain inflation dynamics and global growth prospects, but one of the main mandates of the Federal Reserve is also price stability. As such, we think the Fed is going to have to scale back monetary accommodation to try and arrest stubbornly high price pressures. We expect the Fed will kick off a series of interest rate hikes this week with a 25 basis point increase in the fed funds rate. But the path of policy normalization will be "data dependent" and much more measured than the pace of inflation would suggest.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
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A Feisty Bull-Bear Debate: Weighing the Pros and Cons | Weekly Market Commentary | January 23, 2023
Pessimism May Be Overdone | Weekly Market Commentary | January 17, 2023
Market, Stocks, and Bonds Lessons Learned from 2022 | Weekly Market Commentary | January 9, 2023
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text:
Harry & David Just Released a Cats-Inspired Gourmet Gift Collection
BY Ellen Gutoskey
Year after year, Harry & David proves itself to be the undefeated champion of helping people gain the favor of tough-to-please recipients on their holiday gift lists. From baskets of cheese to buckets of popcorn, there's a gourmet food—or collection of foods—for pretty much everyone.
This Christmas, the company has partnered with Universal Pictures to release a line of deluxe gifts that all evoke the enchanting, sophisticated style of the upcoming film adaptation of Andrew Lloyd Webber's classic musical Cats.
The products don't come with cat ears, furry bodysuits, or pint-sized action figures of Taylor Swift, Jason Derulo, and the rest of the star-studded cast. Instead, in true Harry & David fashion, the gifts are decorated with tasteful Cats ribbons and subtle touches of black and gold.
We're excited to share this limited-edition holiday gift collection inspired by CATS—in movie theaters December 20. Shop the @CatsMovie collection: https://t.co/UtCOcj5WBo pic.twitter.com/VQpkR8ekwH
— Harry & David (@HarryandDavid) December 4, 2019
The simplest option for anyone with a sweet tooth is the $30 Classic Sweets Box, which includes dark chocolate-covered pretzels, raspberry galettes, dark chocolate truffles, and Harry & David's signature Moose Munch popcorn. For healthy eaters or fans of fruit in general, there's a box of Royal Riviera pears, hand-wrapped in gold foil, which you can purchase with (for $70) or without (for $50) a bottle of Pinot Gris. There are also a few larger dessert baskets with a broad assortment of truffles, caramels, popcorn, chocolate-covered cherries, and more mouthwatering confectioneries.
Though you'd be ill-advised to share most of those desserts with your actual cat, they might be able to enjoy the savory meats from the other boxes and baskets—after all, cats can have a little salami. Items include sausage, salami, smoked salmon, pepper jack cheese, sharp white cheddar cheese, garlic-stuffed olives, water crackers, and roasted almonds, among other things.
In summary, the Cats collection is ideal for these demographics: people who like Cats the musical, people who like Cats the movie, people who like gift baskets, people who like gifts, and people who eat food.
You can shop all the options here, and find out everything you need to know about Cats the movie here.
Mental Floss has affiliate relationships with certain retailers and may receive a small percentage of any sale. But we choose all products independently and only get commission on items you buy and don't return, so we're only happy if you're happy. Thanks for helping us pay the bills!
cats christmas entertainment Food Gift Guide holidays Movies News
Wayfair Is Offering Up to 75 Percent Off on Furniture, Rugs, and Pet Essentials Through Tuesday
BY Smart Shopping Team
If you're looking to upgrade your home furniture in the new year, turn to Wayfair. From orthopedic dog beds to convertible couches to luxuriously soft bedding, the online retailer has just about anything you can imagine to spice up your home décor. And through Tuesday, January 21 at 9:00 a.m. EST, shoppers can save up to 75 percent on hundreds of items. Check out some of our favorite deals below.
- Corwin Twin Convertible Sofa $134 (Save $16)
- Swiger Sleeper $481 (Save $57)
- Spraggins Armchair $195 (Save $135)
- Oday Wingback Chair $297 (Save $72)
- Luper Tufted Storage Ottoman $127 (Save $212)
- Tannis Futon Chair $183 (Save $11)
- Ginny Pet Crate $88 (Save $83)
- 72-Inch Mya Cat Tree $64 (Save $165)
- Bernice Quilted Orthopedic Dog Sofa $22 (Save $28)
- Cathey Wooden Litter Box Cabinet $142 (Save $9)
- Ian Double Bowl Elevated Feeder $82 (Save $50)
- Boris Ultra Plush Cooling Gel Foam Pillow $23 (Save $27)
- Marni Bar & Counter Stool $54 (Save $9)
- Boyes Dining Table $187 (Save $13)
- Chelsey Four-Piece Solid Wood Dining Set $256 (Save $256)
- Eaman Dining Table $215 (Save $45)
- Abbey Extendable Solid Wood Dining Table $847 (Save $910)
- Abbey Solid Wood Dining Table $727 (Save $744)
- Petrone Combo Laundry Center $42 (Save $51)
- Cubeicals Shoe Storage Bench $69 (Save $17)
- Caryl Overdoor Six-Shelf Cabinet Door Organizer $35 (Save $17)
- Arapahoe 24-Inch-By-32-Inch Cabinet $102 (Save $83)
- Wicker Oval Double Laundry Hamper $60 (Save $10)
-Geraldine 4 Drawer Chest $195 (Save $15)
-Fuente Upholstered Panel Headboard $75 (Save $64)
- Eichhorn Platform Bed $102 (Save $150)
- Kemmerer Vanity Set with Mirror $206 (Save $303)
- Rossford 6 Drawer Double Dresser $263 (Save $42)
- Amher Adjustable Bed Base $271 ( Save $129)
- Brandt Blue Area Rug $26 (Save $52)
- Abstract Multicolor Area Rug $25 (Save $73)
- Shiflett Flatweave Dark Gray Area Rug $31 (Save $29)
- Meador Hand-Braided Natural Area Rug $38 (Save $40)
- Geometric Gray/Ivory Area Rug $34 (Save $25)
- Adena Ultra Soft Down Alternative Reversible Comforter Set $33 (Save $97)
- Eldon Solid Color Sheet Set $25 (Save $35)
- Kiril Duvet Cover Set $25 (Save $75)
- Arrington Ruffle Skirt Bedspread Set $61 (Save $89)
- Marquis Vertical Hello Non-Slip Outdoor Door Mat $14 (Save $10)
- Arden Welcome Paw 36-Inch-By-24-Inch Non-Slip Outdoor Door Mat $33 (Save $10)
- Midori Planter Box $73 (Save $37)
News shopping Smart Shopping
These Grass Straws Are an Eco-Friendly Alternative to Plastic
BY Kristen Richard
We know plastic straws have created an incredibly serious environmental issue, and while many alternatives have been introduced, there are definitely some drawbacks to each of them. Paper straws, for example, tend to dissolve faster than you can finish your beverage. Some companies have tried to get around the issues paper and plastic straws present by introducing a special lid to sip cold beverages through. But they're still made out of, well, plastic.
A Kickstarter campaign is offering a solution by producing sturdy grass straws that work perfectly in hot or cold drinks and decompose in just 15 days. With $3606 raised, the startup La Couleur Monochrome is still working toward a $27,877 goal, but you can back this project until January 31. For as little as $6, you can receive 100 straws in a reusable, eco-friendly zip-up bag, and the more expensive tiers offer bigger rewards.
The straws are made from hollow-stemmed grass that is grown and hand-harvested in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. After the grass is harvested, it is cut into 20-centimeter pieces and disinfected through a boiling process, rather than with harsh chemicals. Buyers have the option of selecting either dried-out straws, which can last for up to one year when stored at room temperature, or fresh straws, which can remain in the fridge for up to six weeks. According to the startup, both straws are suited for hot and cold drinks, but when using the fresh straws, you'll get "a slight scent of fresh cut grass without changing the drink's taste."
If you're worried about the environmental impact of harvesting the field, there's no need. According to the campaign, the grass regenerates itself within a year. Currently, the startup is producing 1 million straws a month, but they hope to up it to 10 million by July 2020. Also beginning in July, the company plans to only send out orders once a month to create a more sustainable shipping program.
With so many large-scale changes that need to happen to help the environment, starting with a simple straw may seem inconsequential, but it's not. Estimates have put the number of straws littering the world's coastlines at anywhere from 437 million to 8.3 billion.
If you want to visualize how much plastic humans have produced, it's equivalent to 25,000 Empire State Buildings or 80 million blue whales. And of all that plastic, only 9 percent has been recycled. At this pace, some have predicted that the amount of plastic in the ocean may outweigh the ocean's fish by 2050.
Cutting out straws is a great way to start reducing single-use products in your everyday life, and you can head here to find out more about the Kickstarter.
environment News shopping Smart Shopping
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