We've been nourishing communities for ten wonderful years, and over our time we've been utterly inspired by the people who make FoodCycle happen – from our guests and volunteers, to our fundraisers and partners. So to celebrate our ripe old age, here are ten things that make us say 'WOW'.
Mathew Hales is a Project Leader at FoodCycle Birmingham Sutton, one of our newest projects! Here he explains how he came to be involved as a volunteer, what he enjoys about it and how it has helped to build his confidence.
Are you looking to get more involved in your community? To make a difference and meet new people, consider getting involved at FoodCycle! Here are five ways to help us nourish communities and create a society where no-one is hungry on lonely.
Are you looking to volunteer in 2019? If you want to meet new people, learn some super skills and have a positive impact in your community, then look no further than FoodCycle! Here are 10 reasons to volunteer with FoodCycle in 2019.
Are you a student thinking of getting stuck into some volunteering in 2019? Meet Brad Corrigan, a 20 year-old student volunteer who is a Project Leader at FoodCycle Dalston.
We've collected delicious vegetarian recipes from top chefs and our brilliant volunteers, which are all hearty dishes that are made for sharing. We can't wait to share them with you.
Andy is a Project Leader at FoodCycle Cricklewood and has been a volunteer for over 10 months. We asked him why he joined FoodCycle as a volunteer, what being a Project Leader entails and what he has gained from his volunteering role. Read on to learn more!
Every year we invite our Project Leaders to our Annual Conference, where we share ideas, develop new skills and get a chance to celebrate all the amazing things they achieve as volunteers. Joana Costa is one of these volunteer leaders, who has been volunteering with FoodCycle Birmingham Aston for a few months. We asked her to tell us more about her experience at the conference and what inspires her to give her time to FoodCycle!
Every year at the FoodCycle Conference we recognise the work of our amazing Project Leaders. This year we added some awards for individual volunteers who have made a big impact in their region. Here are the winners!
Project Leader, Chris, has given over 155 hours to FoodCycle Finsbury Park, a project renowned for it's high-quality food and attention to detail. We asked him about what his role involves, what he has learned and why he thinks presentation is so important!
Project Leader, Calum, has given over 192 hours to FoodCycle Liverpool, helping it to become a project full of heart. We asked him how it feels to have given so much time, what his most memorable moment has been and what he gets up to when he isn't being a fantastic FoodCycler?
We are pleased to announce that Stephen Catling, currently a Trustee at FoodCycle, will succeed Penny Daly as Chair of the Trustee Board in September 2018.
I have made it to the end of the challenge, for many people this will be an ongoing weekly challenge to feed themselves and their families. I have just enough food to make meals and eat for my last day.
I had a quiet day today, starting off with a trip to the dentist, which cost £21.60 for a check up. If you lose your teeth it makes it harder to eat a healthy diet, but the dentist cost more than my food budget for the week!
Day 5 went well, I think I am getting used to eating less food. It was Bran flakes for breakfast with banana again. I never realised how sweet bran flakes were before, but it must be because they are the only food with sugar in that I have to eat. The bran flakes were a bargain and have added a welcome crunch to my meals.
I am having to spend more time organising my eating, I am finding that I think more about food, I am looking at the food in the fridge and am wondering if it will last me the week, I am lucky enough to know that I can go back to my usual food budget next week.
Tuesday was a bit easier, though I had chicken for tea again, I still woke early, but no headache today. Still not had any coffee, so I am getting used to tea.
Monday and the second day of the challenge, I woke up at 6 am hungry, I waited till 8 am to eat my breakfast as it would be a long time till lunch. I had toast and baked beans for breakfast which filled me up, but I am still missing coffee to wake me up.
FoodCycle East Acton is running in partnership with Bubble & Squeak, a group of entrepreneurial children from West London who are fighting food waste by selling surplus food in the school playground and to the local community.
Project Leader, Vib, has given over 250 hours to making FoodCycle Cambridge the thriving project it is. We asked her how it feels to have given so much time, what her most memorable moment has been and what she gets up to when she isn't being a fantastic FoodCycler?
It's volunteering week and what better way to celebrate than to showcase the amazing people that keep FoodCycle running. We spoke to Karen from FoodCycle Exeter, who has given over 250 hours and has no plans of slowing down. Karen, we applaud you!
Could you live off £2.50 a day?
We've launched our Holiday Hunger Challenge to raise awareness what it's like to be hungry in Britain today and to fundraise for FoodCycle's work.
Every week our volunteers are challenged with turning the surplus food into delicious and nutritious meals. They've gotten pretty creative to make a mismatch of food work together. We've asked them to share some of their recipes with you so you can make a three course meal the FoodCycle way!
If it wasn't for our food collection heroes, none of our tasty, community meals could happen. This week we spoke to Anne, an amazing Project Leader who joins the team collecting food on foot, rain or shine, at FoodCycle Islington.
If it wasn't for our food collection heroes, none of our tasty, community meals could happen. This week we spoke to Ellen, an amazing Project Leader who joins the team collecting food on bike, rain or shine, in hilly Bristol.
If it wasn't for our food collection heroes, none of our tasty, community meals could happen. This week we spoke to Gordon, an amazing Project Leader who joins the team collecting lots of lovely food by car, in wonderful Cambridge.
What's going on in your community this spring?
Spring into action and get stuck involved in your community this season. There is an abundance of activities taking place in your community as the weather warms up and the outdoors begins to flourish.
We know that winter months can be hard for everyone, but those who are more vulnerable are often hit the hardest. Some of our guests have kindly shared how FoodCycle helps them out in the colder months.
The more food wasted, the worse problems such as hunger and food poverty become. There are also economic and environmental impacts to consider. So, what can we, as ordinary citizens, do to help reduce this unnecessary waste? Here are five practical steps you can take to do your part.
If you already plan on giving back to your communities this year by volunteering, then great! But if you're still on the fence about it, allow us to convince you with these five pretty great reasons to go for it.
It's been a year of growth for FoodCycle in 2017, in more ways than one. We opened 6 more projects this year - Salford Langworthy and Prestwich in Manchester, as well as Bow Road, Cricklewood, Finsbury Park, and Dalston in London - widening our reach and spreading our advocacy across the UK. That brings the total number of FoodCycle projects to 34, the most we've had to date.
Practical Peter from FoodCycle Finsbury Park loves a good hack. Whether it is making delicious meals using food surplus, using simple methods to clean difficult stains or thinking up non-traditional cooking methods, Peter is your man. In this monthly blog, he will be sharing all his favourite FoodCycley knowledge with you, so you can get a bit of the Peter magic each month.
Although I already knew that FoodCycle does more than just feed people, experiencing for myself the intangible effect of the community-like gathering – and how it directly addressed the issues brought about by food poverty – was something else entirely.
In October, myself and a few other Bristol project leaders headed to London for the conference. The conference is great because it gives the Project Leaders a chance to meet up with projects from around the country – I ended up making friends with some of the Peterborough team, and I'm going to have to visit the Birmingham and Sheffield projects at some point soon.
I attended a conference on a weekend and I loved every minute of it.
As a fledgling Project Leader I had no idea what to expect when Matt invited me to attend the two day FoodCycle Annual Conference at a legal headquarters. Sounded heavy. And in some ways, it was. After a lectern thumping introduction from our leaders we found ourselves pacing between boardrooms having serious chats against a stunning city skyline backdrop. Like a UK version of Suits, minus the withering one liners. In casual purple T-shirts.
At this year's FoodCycle Annual Conference we have been delighted to recognise the brilliant efforts of our Project Leaders at our awards ceremony. Our Project Leaders give so much time, energy and creativity each week to their projects, and really do help to reduce food poverty, loneliness and food waste in their communities.
The Annual Conference… from the Project Leaders' Mouth!
It's that time of year again where we invite our fantastic project leaders to London for a two-day, action packed conference.
We sat down with the lovely guests at FoodCycle Islington to ask them about why they come along and what they enjoy about a FoodCycle meal.
FoodCycle Bloomsbury has a new home - in Finsbury Park! Project Leader, Jenny Dickson talks about why they have moved location and their hopes for the future.
"After I attended my first session, the first question I asked myself was 'Why did I not know about this sooner?'" - interested in getting involved in FoodCycle? Find out more from Project Leader, Hibi Racs.
We're so happy to announce FoodCycle's third impact report which we launched at the beginning of 2016! It's a celebration of everything our volunteers do to build communities, support vulnerable people and make a difference to the lives of our guests.
As FoodCyclers, food fanatics and fans of the open air, both Sarah and Clare at FoodCycle HQ have been keen to go gleaning for a long time.
On a sunny Monday in August, we headed down to a farm in Sussex to save surplus sweetcorn.
Organising a fundraising event – top tips!
In this guest post, Tess Timothy, one half of FoodCycle's dynamic fundraising duo, reflects on the lessons she has learnt from masterminding the charity's 2016 gala dinner. Tess gives some pearls of wisdom for the budding events organiser, and gives some key insights into what its like to put on a high profile event.
FoodCycle Birmingham relaunched at the end of April 2016. In this guest post, the Birmingham Aston Hub Leader team reflect on the first couple of weeks of setting up and running the Hub.
This post is written by Roisin Kay, Hub Leader at FoodCycle Portsmouth and Recipe Development Chef (what a great title!) at Kenwood, one of FoodCycle's charity partners. Last week, an enthusiastic team from Kenwood took part in a 'kitchen takeover' at Portsmouth Hub.
Can you help out at FoodCycle Clacton?
FoodCycle Clacton-on-Sea is looking to recruit a volunteer Support Officer to help out at the project's weekly cooking sessions on Monday lunchtimes.
In this guest post, Peckham Hub Leader Sam Oxley reflects on his time as a volunteer. As well as looking at what he has got out of volunteering with FoodCycle, Sam looks at the importance of community and the power food has to bring people together.
FoodCycle Connects launches in Bristol!
In this big old city, squashed like a sardine on the commuter journey, it can sometime feel like random acts of kindness are a million miles away. For many, the capital can be an isolating place and positive interactions with strangers can sometimes feel few and far between.
The days of the plastic bag are numbered: from October 5th 2015, a new law will mean that supermarkets will charge 5p for every plastic bag we use when we go shopping.
Saddle up for the iconic London to Brighton cycle this September and raise money for FoodCycle!
Mid Year Conference 2016: What a Day!
Last Saturday we hosted our Mid-year conference and 40 wonderful Hub Leaders from across the country came along.
FoodCycle's Green & Pleasant Land!
It's been months in the planning but our big fundraising dinner 'Green & Pleasant Land' is almost upon us: seven star chefs will each cook a course that celebrates British produce, our landscape and the communities we work to support across the country.
After months of monitoring and evaluation, we're so happy to announce our second social impact report! It's the culmination of lots of hard work in our Hubs and a celebration of all that our projects have achieved.
Great news – FoodCycle opens five new Hubs!
Wow, what a start to 2016: as well as our plans for two new projects with Outward, we are so happy to announce that we're opening another five Hubs.
Feelin' festive at FoodCycle Bloomsbury!
Last weekend, FoodCycle Bloomsbury kicked off the Christmas season with a festive fundraiser – they raised over £570 and had a fantastic night. But you don't need us to tell you that – just read their Christmassy poem for a flavour of the night!
FoodCycle LSE is partnered with the HIV charity The Food Chain, and in this post Anna Ellis explains what that partnerships means for their guests, and how FoodCycle LSE are supporting people living with HIV.
It's only the 1st of December and if you're already sick of the Christmas hype, you're not the only one.
With a small discovery similar to Bingham's uncovering of Machu Picchu in 1911, the St Bart's hub in Sheffield has discovered a gem of their own.
On Thursday 29th November, FoodCycle Liverpool celebrated its first birthday in Toxteth.
Wow, FoodCycle 2015, what a weekend!
Last weekend, 70 brilliant individuals from across the country came together for the highlight of the FoodCycle calendar: the annual Hub Leader conference!
On Saturday 24th October, around 80 Hub Leaders, of all ages from all over the UK will be sacrificing their weekend lie-ins and rising early with one thing in common - they will all be heading to the annual FoodCycle Conference 2015!
This September, FoodCycle Bristol Hub Leaders Alice, Cat and Hattie will be cycling from London to Paris and back (over 300 miles!) to raise money for FoodCycle.
London to Brighton – Thank you!
A massive congratulation to our team of cyclists that took on the London to Brighton cycle ride last weekend! They've raised over £1,500 so far – and donations are still rolling in!


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New Dorm-Size Dwellings Provide Rental Housing Close to Jobs, Bus Lines and Much of Urban Honolulu
New Dorm-Size Dwellings Provide Rental Housing Close to Jobs, Bus Lines and Much of Urban Honolulu »
By Robbie Dingeman | December 28, 2020
Photo: Jonathan Lee, WCIT Architecture
In a renovation of micro-unit proportions, developers transformed a small parking lot into Kaka'ako's newest stylish apartments. Early this year, individuals, couples and families moved into the 111 affordable rental units.
"Nohona Hale began as a very tall order for a very tiny site," says Marian Gushiken, director of real estate development in Hawai'i for nonprofit EAH Housing. The $52.7 million project rises up from Cooke Street, near historic Kewalo Theater and popular plate lunch restaurant Karen's Kitchen. Each unit measures 285 square feet plus a 70-foot lānai. The units are just 14 feet across but feel larger because of 9-foot-high ceilings and floor-to-ceiling windows that lead to the lānai, featuring partial views of the ocean.
From the street, the first thing you notice about the new tower is the bright yellow second-floor balcony that resembles a chic café and shows off some of the shared space where residents can gather, meet and cook. There's storage for bicycles, mopeds and surfboards but no residential parking.
Gushiken notes that each unit can have no more than two residents. Rents are calculated based on federal income limits that set monthly rates at $559 to $999 for people earning between $25,000 and $60,000 a year. She says 750 applied and the 16-story building was full by the end of March.
"We hope this serves as a case study to pursue a variety of affordable housing options in Hawai'i." — Jonathan Lee Project architect, WCIT Architecture
The tower is built on 4,400 square feet of the 9,600-square-foot lot. How big is that? Two basketball courts at nearby Mother Waldron Park measure 9,400 square feet and the typical lot size for a single-family home in the new Ho'opili subdivision in 'Ewa Beach measures 4,000 square feet.
The project came together with the state Hawai'i Community Development Authority looking to foster an affordable rental project that provides smart growth and sustainability by using micro units, which had been talked about but not tried, Gushiken says. Other partners included the Hawai'i Housing Finance and Development Corp. and Bronx Pro Group. She credits the success of Nohona Hale to the willingness of public and private groups to work together "to redefine and reimagine what affordable housing is."
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Last Update: 23.10.20 at 16:25
Project Ocean
Pilots criticise Lufthansa for its push against Condor and Tui
With Project Ocean, Lufthansa wants to expand its tourism business and compete with Condor and Tui. Germany's pilot union criticised the plans.
18.09.20 - 13:54 | Timo Nowack 0 Comments
Lufthansa is entering the leisure market.
On Wednesday (September 16), Lufthansa announced new holiday destinations from Frankfurt for the coming summer season. Board member Harry Hohmeister said: «We already have a great and long-standing competence in tourism offers and we are now determined to expand this as part of our strategy.» The corresponding project is named 'Ocean'.
Lufthansa has been driving it forward for months. In July, the Group revealed that Ocean is no longer just about long-haul but also about short-haul flights. Now the pilots' union Vereinigung Cockpit (VC) is commenting: «Job advertisements have been posted, an AOC (Air Operator Certificate) is being applied for and the company has internally announced that it intends to operate three long-haul aircraft in spring 2021.»
Union expects losses for years to come
The internal blueprint for the project is Swiss' sister airline Edelweiss. Frankfurt and Munich are planned as Ocean bases. From there, the new subsidiary wants to offer holiday flights to and from Germany. Vereinigung Cockpit is critical of the launch date next spring in the current market environment.
«The question is there as to why Lufthansa has to invest so much money in the middle of the biggest crisis since September 11 to compete with already troubled Condor and Tui in the tourism business», says Cockpit President Markus Wahl. He does not specify how much money is at stake.
Holiday trips recover faster than business trips
However, Wahl warns: «We expect start-up losses for years to come.» The pilots also complain that although Ocean routes are managed by the Group, Lufthansa is still asking employees to re-apply for the positions. «The employees are not considered to be set, but have to re-apply for new jobs on their own at significantly worse conditions and can only expect a temporary position», Wahl states. He calls for recruitment on collective bargaining terms.
While Vereinigung Cockpit speaks of an «unfortunate and questionable timing of the project», Lufthansa apparently considers the promotion of tourism plans to be particularly appropriate and necessary at the moment. Announcing the new Frankfurt routes, Executive Board member Hohmeister said: «This is our response to the wishes of our customers.» Regarding the Coronavirus crisis, he added: «The demand for holiday travel is recovering much faster than that for business travel.»
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Whatsapp, Viber, Tango, ChatOn, etc. The list goes on and on. Messengers are a great way to keep in touch with friends and family. It manages all your chat threads and, depending on different messengers, they also throw in some extras. Today you get to learn how to download Hike Messenger and run it on your PC. Hike Messenger, the brainchild of the CEO of one of India's cellular companies, was designed for both online as well as offline use. We're all familiar with online use; you connect via Wi-Fi or a data package and start chatting. However, in offline mode, you can only use SMS. This app does just that.
It sends texts via SMS while providing the accessibility and features of a proper messenger rather than having you use your phone's messaging options. This way your chat threads remain intact and you can make use of the additional features as well without feeling the lack of internet connectivity.
You're probably wondering how the company manages SMS through the app. Well, it's done through in-app credit. You can load up on credit which can be used to sending messages offline. Furthermore, you're also entitled to receive a free monthly text bundle. This bundle contains 100 messages which can be used for friends not using the app.
There are referrals rewards in which you get credit for every successful invite and so on. Apart from that, the app resembles features seen in Facebook's messenger and even some features from WhatsApp. It gives notifications when your texts have been read when they've reached the recipient's phone and when they're typing something. Basically, the app aims to establish itself as an all-in-one multipurpose messenger with its tons of features and accessibility.
Basically, Hike messenger is an Android app. Running it on your PC is not an impossibility but will incur several implications. First of all, you cannot run the app directly. You'll need to use a proxy service or third party application which will 'support' the app and provide optimum running conditions. Android emulation software can be really helpful here. It operates exactly as other emulators for Xbox, game boys, play stations and so on. You can Google different emulators but a good suggestion would be 'Blue Stacks'.
Blue stacks is a popular Android emulation software for PCs and support numerous apps. (Note that this link is for Windows-based PCs only. Mac users should Google "blue stacks, MAC version") The installer file takes a mere 12mb of space and downloads in less than a minute. Install it and run. You'll find a search bar in the program. Type in hike messenger and select it from the list. Choose the install option and wait for it to complete. Upon successful installation, go to the 'My apps' section. You'll see all your installed apps here. Run hike messenger. It'll prompt you for login details. Provide them and you are good to go!


Exquisite home on an unheard of 2.50 acres. Nestled in a culdesac and surrounded by mature trees, a brick and wrought iron fence give privacy and a feeling of solitude. The home features an attached 3 car and detached heated 2 bay RV garage w/13 ft doors and a 1/2 bath. The interior of the home features luxurious finishes throughout with a gourmet kitchen, multiple fireplaces, beautiful wood & marble floors, palladian windows, deep crown molding and a long list upgrades. List of upgrades available.


This Journal is Semi-Friends Only!
Not many of my entries will be friends-only, it just depends on how I feel when I post it!! XD If you do want to be friends, I'd appreciate it if in your comment, you'd tell me something about yourself!


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Science, Art, and the Sacred: Multiple Universes
August 27 - September 2
The legacy of Gentle Action
The Pari Center
David Peat's Vessel
War Yesterday and Today
Posted by Sebastian Suciu
Pari's dialogues on science and religion will be running at two levels – open monthly meetings for people in the immediate area and smaller, closed meetings involving professional scientists and theologians. Since advertising its program the Center has had a very strong response and from a much wider area than anticipated – stretching from Naples to Pisa, Florence and Modena. In particular an important contact has been made with a group of Dominicans in Naples who are engaged in science/religion dialogue, a monastic community of Siloe who have been carrying out interfaith dialogues and a group of scientists in Pisa who are engaged in a debate with religion.
The first of our open meetings for the 2003 season was on the topic of "War: Yesterday and Today". It took place on the 15th of January to a very full house. David Peat opened the meeting with an examination of two paradoxes regarding the role of religion and science in the business of war. Most scientists would argue that their work is truly international. It should transcend national and religious boundaries to present an objective vision of the world. Moreover, the products of science and its associated technologies should be beneficial for people of all nations and beliefs. Scientists including Joseph Rotblat and Albert Einstein have spoken out vigorously against the institution of war, as does Pugwash, the association of scientists against war and winner of the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize. On the other hand science and technology have also been responsible for creating the atomic bomb, biological weapons, rockets, mines and new generations of highly sophisticated antipersonnel weapons. One only has to remember Oppenheimer's words on the testing of the first atom bomb, "Now science knows original sin" and the fact that in retrospect some of the scientists involved in the Manhattan project found themselves motivated by the excitement of the scientific and technological challenge that transcended any ethical or social considerations.
A further paradox is that the world's religions preach peace yet, from the earliest recorded times, are so often associated with human conflict. As someone remarked, religion can so easily become a weapon in the hands of the poor and oppressed. The notion of Jihad or Holy War was mentioned and it was pointed out that Mohammed taught that the true Jihad is not against The Other but occurs within the hearts of each one of us, it is the war against good and evil within out hearts.
The meeting then heard from a number of speakers. Silvia Landi director of Amnesty International for Tuscany gave examples of wars in different countries, torture and the abuse of human rights. She also expressed concern that the term "terrorist" is being used to justify oppression by non-democratic governments and rules. Landi also read out the United Nations declaration of rights pointing out how many of these are being abused. On the more positive side she spoke of the laws and conventions that are being drawn up to limit arms exports, the use of land mines and the possibility of open inspections of places of detention to seek evidence of the use of torture.
Virginia del Re of La Casa della Donna in Pisa spoke of the Women in Black movement. This began in Israel when a group of women, dressed in black stood in the center of cities in silent protest against the institution of war. Similar silent protests now take place in many European cities.
Father Jose Adriano Ukwatchali, a priest from Angola, gave dramatic first hand testimony to the effects of civil war. He had risked his life on many occasions to save children, transport wounded civilians, re open a hospital and even battle with the authorities in order to bury rotting corpses. On one occasion he was sent to a remote area to say Mass. He found the people starving as a result of the civil war. He told the Bishop that he couldn't say Mass until the people were fed. The Mass is a celebration and he could not celebrate while people were starving.
Egidio Grande, director of Amnesty International for Siena spoke of the roots and origins of war and the need to develop alternative means to resolve conflicts and disputes. Dr Roy McWeeny, a physicist from the University of Pisa argued that poverty and lack of education lead to widespread corruption, create the fertile soil for conflict. He noted the amount of money spent on armaments in a single day and pointed out that such a sum could have a marked effect in the social structures of poor counties. Luciano Fiordoni, an economist from Siena argued for the need for more research into new economic models.
A lively discussion continued over dinner and on the following day the people of Pari continued to discuss the issues that had been raised. One said, "the meeting opened our minds and hearts" The president of Pari's village association argued that while the village, as with so many other groups, was too small to influence the decisions of politicians and those who push nations to war they could do something practical by giving support to priests like Father Adriano Ukwatchali and others who work in poor countries. This will be discussed at the next village association meeting.
For more on the discussion between religion and science see The Pari Dialogues
Origins and Creation
Prince Charles as "Defender of Faiths: A dialogue in India"
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Home Blog 'First Lady of Jazz' Shines a SPOTLIGHT in Vegas (VIDEO FLASHBACK!)
'First Lady of Jazz' Shines a SPOTLIGHT in Vegas (VIDEO FLASHBACK!)
In That's So Vegas! TV, Vegas VIP Scene-ery by Christine McKellar February 3, 2021
(Publisher's note: Enjoy a flashback from our That's So Vegas! TV archives in the pre-Covid 19 days)
***This event has come and gone***
but our star, Michelle Johnson, carries on!)
Michelle Johnson is no stranger to bright stage lights, thunderous applause and the accompaniment of a number of highly-trained musicians. She is also no stranger to performing with some of the music industry's most standout stars; Paul McCartney, Barbra Streisand, Elton John, Sheena Easton, Gladys Knight, David Cassidy, Rosalind Cash, Lesley Gore, Slash, Paul Rogers (Bad Company), and the Platters.
Enjoy a diva's journey of a thousand steps with a hundred stars
Dubbed by peers as, "Las Vegas' First Lady of Jazz", the musically gifted Yale graduate will be the focus of the spotlight at the Myron's Cabaret Jazz at the Smith Center on Friday, March 2, at 8 p.m. "Spotlight – The Music of Icons", promises to titillate audiences with snippets of Johnson's personal experiences with musical icons of today and yesterday, as well as move them emotionally with original renditions of all time favorite R&B, rock and pop tunes.
In the video interview below, Michelle shares some real moments and great insights from her childhood in Cairo, Egypt, to the Yale campus…and onward to the SPOTLIGHT.
Be sure to subscribe for FREE to our That's So Vegas! You Tube Channel


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Diamondbacks re-sign a hurt Dragon and claim TWO RPs
By Jake Oliver
The Dragon Chris Devenski is coming back to the Diamondbacks following Tommy John Surgery earlier this year. (Photo by Norm Hall/Getty Images) /
The Dragon comes back to the Desert along with two new Relief Pitchers
The injured dragon is back in the desert for another year to rehab from Tommy John Surgery and hopefully provide a boost to the club around the All-Star break. The Dragon I'm referring to is Chris Devenski. He's a former World Series-winning relief pitcher with the Astros before signing with the Diamondbacks before last season.
He ended up only pitching in 8 games, 7.1 innings, of a rather mediocre pitching before it was revealed that he was pitching through an elbow injury. That injury ended up leading to Tommy John which knocked him out for the rest of the season. Luckily, if there is any luck in an injury, it was early enough in the season that the team could get a full read on his rehab and how he was doing. This allowed Mike Hazen to decide to offer Chris a minor league contract to keep him in the organization.
It's a solid minor league signing for a former All-Star pitcher who's only 30. He's nicknamed the Dragon for his curve/slider. Last season, in those 7.1 innings, he allowed 11 hits, 2 walks, 5 K's, and had an 8.59/6.58 ERA/FIP. Not great numbers, but when you factor in that he had a lifetime 3.21 ERA/3.49 FIP in 305 innings with 327 K's, and only 80 walks before 2020 (missed season due to injury/covid), then it's reasonable to expect him to hopefully bounce back.
Plus, this signing is cheap enough that it's a solid re-pickup to help the Diamondbacks' horrendous bullpen at some point next year.
New Pitchers come to help the Diamondbacks' Bullpen
Speaking of helping the team's bullpen, Mike Hazen has claimed two other pitchers over the past few weeks. Those two pitchers are Edwin Uceta and Zack Burdi. Edwin Uceta comes from the Hollywood Dodgers after he was placed on waivers during the playoffs when LA needed to replace Justin Turner after his injury. I foresee Edwin being a bullpen pitcher in the long run.
Edwin's only 23 and made his MLB debut in 2021. He got pounded hard by hitters but pounded them right back. Over his 20.1 innings pitched, he gave up a massive 15 runs on 19 hits and an alarming 12 walks. However, he struck out 25 batters as well. Take the good with the bad, especially for a team that's in desperate need of pitchers who can strike out batters.
Plus, Edwin's only 23 and was returning from a lumbar strain. With a new coaching staff, healthy off-season, and a fresh start, it's quite easy to see him reaching new heights. He's a great strikeout artist having struck out over 29% of opposing batters in Triple-AAA and was the Dodgers' 18th ranked prospect. To steal him away for free from a rival team makes the pickup so much sweeter. Welcome to the team, Edwin!
Another low-key claim by Hazen and the Diamondbacks was that of Zack Burdi. He was last with the Orioles who put him on outright waivers when the team claimed him. He's a power-right-handed pitcher who throws absolute gas. He averages close to 98 MPH. That's a huge part of the bullpen that the team has been missing. We had no one that could throw hard.
Next. Is Josh Rojas' Surgery serious?. dark
Unfortunately, Burdi has struggled with his control as he's given up 7 HRs but struck out 18 in 17+ innings since the beginning of the 2020 season. Despite that, for a "free" pickup of a younger pitcher that can throw hard is well worth it. The former first-round pick from the White Sox has multiple option years remaining which will allow the team to send him to Reno after Spring Training if they deem so. Welcome to the team, Zack!
With these moves, it's hopefully looking like an off-season where Mike Hazen will be targeting the bullpen to improve the Diamondbacks a ton. Please. Hopefully, this is only just the beginning!
A look at the team's Arbitration class for this off-season. light. Related Story


Japan's Suzuki Motor Corporation said on Thursday that it is considering re-entering the Iranian market after the recent removal of the economic sanctions on the country.
"We signed a licensing deal with Iran Khodro Industrial Group for local production in 2005. With the recent easing of sanctions, we'd like to consider restarting our business there," Suzuki President Toshihiro Suzuki told reporters, as reported by Reuters.
Under its agreement with Iran Khodro, the company which specializes in compact cars, sent parts for 6,200 cars to Iran in 2011, its peak year of operations in the country, Reuters added.
Suzuki has now joined other global auto leaders including Daimler, Peugeot, Renault and Fiat that have voiced interest in returning to the Iranian market in a post-sanctions era.
The economic sanctions against Iran were lifted over the weekend after a nuclear deal that the country had sealed last year with the P5+1 group of countries – the five permanent members of the Security Council plus Germany – was implemented.
A central theme of the sanctions concerned restrictions over investments in Iran's auto industry as well as any form of cooperation with the Iranian automakers.
Iran is the Middle East's largest auto market with a population of 80 million who bought 1.1 million cars in 2014.The automobile industry is seen as Iran's biggest non-oil sector, accounting for nearly 10% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). Iran Khodro and Saipa companies account for more than 90 percent of the total domestic production in Iran.
Latest data shows that Iran ranks 18th on the list of the world's top auto manufacturers. The 2014 production statistics by the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA) indicate Iran's auto production increased by 46.7 percent in the 12-month period.


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Effect of Calcium and Other Divalent Cations on Intracellular pH Regulation of Frog Skeletal Muscle
Albert Roos
1. We examined, in frog semitendinosus muscle, the effect of calcium release, induced by depolarization or caffeine, on intracellular pH (pHi) recovery from an acid load applied at least 40 min later. We also studied the effect of external Ca and other divalent cations on recovery. We used pH-sensitive micro-electrodes; the external pH (pH0) was always 7·35.
2. In fibres depolarized by 50 mM-K, constant [K] x [Cl] in the presence of 1 mM-tetracaine (which blocks Ca release), the rate of pHi recovery from 5% C02-induced acidification was 0·15±0·02 ΔpHi h-1 (n = 7), whereas in depolarized fibres that had never been exposed to the drug, the rate of recovery was 0·27±0·01 ΔpHi h-1 (n = 5). Yet, when Ca release was not blocked and the depolarized fibres were exposed to tetracaine shortly before C02 exposure, a similar slow rate of 0·14±0·03 ΔpHi h-1 (n = 7) was observed. When Ca release was blocked by tetracaine, but the drug washed out before recovery, the rate was again 0·27 ±0·02 ΔpHi h-1 (n = 6).
3. In fibres first depolarized to about —23 mV in 50 mM-K, constant [K] x [Cl] (recovery of 0·23±0·034 ΔpHi h-1, n = 6), and then repolarized to —79 mV in 2·5 mM-K, the slow rate of recovery was the same (0·03 ± 0·02 ΔpHi h-1) as that in fibres without a history of depolarization and thus of Ca release.
4. In fibres depolarized to —50 mV (15 mM-K, constant Cl) and then exposed to caffeine (4 mM) which releases Ca from intracellular stores, the recovery was the same (0·07 ±0·03 ΔpHi h-1, n = 5) as in depolarized fibres not exposed to caffeine (0·09±0·01 ΔpHi h-1, n = 5).
5. We conclude that in frog muscle transient Ca release induced by either depolarization or caffeine does not affect the rate of subsequent pHi recovery. Tetracaine reversibly inhibits pHi recovery, but this inhibition is not due to its blocking of Ca release.
6. Recovery from C02-induced acidification of fibres depolarized to —21 mV in 50 mM-K, constant Cl was halved, from 0·31 ±0·04 ΔpHi h-1 (n = 10) to 0·15±0·01 ΔpHi h-1 (n = 13), when external Ca was raised from 4 to 10 mM. There was no further reduction in recovery at 14 mM-Ca (0·15±0·044 ΔpHi h-1, n = 4). Lowering Ca from 4 to 1 mM did not affect recovery (0·32±0·04 ΔpHi h-1, n = 8). The removal of both Ca and Mg (either with or without 2 mM-EDTA) also did not affect recovery (0·31 ±0·03 ΔpHi h-1, n = 7).
7. Ba at 4, 10 or 20 mM reduced recovery from C02 acidification to 0·19±0·01 (n = 5), 0·16±0·01 (n = 6) and 0·13±0·03 ΔpHi h-1 (n = 5), respectively. Mg at 8 mM or Sr at 6 mM had no effect on recovery, but 20 mM-Mg or Sr reduced recovery to 0·23±0·02 ΔpHi h-1 (n = 6), respectively. Ni or Cd, each at 1 mM, reduced recovery to 0·21 ±0·01 ΔpHi h-1 (n = 6) and 0·12±0·02 ΔpHi h-1 (n = 7), respectively.
8. The reduced recovery from C02-induced acidification in 10 mM-Ca was not affected by 1 mM-amiloride (0·15±0·01 ΔpHi h-1, n = 8), even though we previously found that amiloride reduced the higher recovery rate observed in 4 mM-Ca by about 50%. 4-acetamido-4' -isothiocyanostilbene-2,2' -disulphonic acid (SITS) (0·1 mM) nearly abolished the recovery in 10 mM-Ca (0·05±0·02 ΔpHi h-1, n = 11). We conclude that elevated external Ca preferentially inhibits Na-H exchange.
9. In agreement with this conclusion, 10 mM-Ca abolished recovery in fibres acidified by pre-pulsing with NH4Cl, where recovery was shown to be due almost entirely to Na-H exchange. Cd had a similar effect. The Ca and Cd inhibitions could be partially reversed. Raising Mg to 8 mM was ineffective. La (1 mM) reduced recovery to 0·04±0·02 ΔpHi h-1 (n = 5); this effect also was partially reversible.
10. These observations on the effect of multivalent cations in the bathing solution are compatible with an external inhibitory cation binding site on the Na-H exchanger of frog skeletal muscle, with binding order La = Cd > Ni > Ba > Ca > Sr ≥ Mg. This sequence suggests an anionic site of weak field strength.
Putnam, R. W., & Roos, A. (1986). Effect of Calcium and Other Divalent Cations on Intracellular pH Regulation of Frog Skeletal Muscle. The Journal of Physiology, 381, 221-239.


One of the many memories I have as a kid growing up is one of my mom and I going Christmas shopping. We always took some candy canes with us to eat as we shopped for gifts. To this day I love candy canes and when they are not around during the year the regular starlight peppermints give the same calming effect.
Merry Christmas!!! Throwback, yep that is my mom and me!!


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Posted on June 5, 2011 March 23, 2017 in haha!, me.
My tires were slashed and I almost crashed but the Lord had mercy.
My machine she's a dud, I'm stuck in the mud, somewhere in the swamps of Jersey.
So, last week I was cycling to work. It's a 15 mile trek with some pretty chunky hills, but not too bad in general. However, as I was rolling down the off-ramp off the A61, just a mile from work, I went over a pebble.
I saw it ahead of the front wheel, maybe 30 centimetres away, too near to avoid. I saw it coming, and had time to think just one thing: I hate that pebble.
Moments later, there was the double bump, as both wheels went over it. Then seconds passed. Maybe 3. Just enough to give me the tiniest of hope… and then the vibration started, handlebars shaking whilst I pulled over to the side of the road. I stopped, just as both wheels went flat, as skinny wheels became useless rims with rubber hanging off them.
Posted in haha!, me.Tagged bikes, cycling, five things I hate about cycling, flat tyre, pebble.


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Since 1960, Gold-N-Gallery has been a popular source for thoughtful gifts, cherished collectibles and stylish chemotherapy patient wigs for folks all over the greater Canton, OH area, which includes the following places: Stark County, East Canton, Louisville, North Canton, Massillon, Navarre, Brewster, Wilmot, Bolivar, East Sparta, Magnolia, Waynesburg, Malvern, Minerva, Paris, Louisville, Alliance, Hartville, Greentown and Green, OH. We are a proud local, family-owned and operated small business, and we invite you to visit us anytime, just three miles south of the Belden Village Mall. You can also get in touch by calling 330-477-3459, or by filling out the form below.


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'All the Indian people' in town cost me re-election, George Washington impersonator says
Updated: Feb. 06, 2019, 1:18 p.m. | Published: Feb. 06, 2019, 10:06 a.m.
Still image from Star-Ledger documentary - BEING GEORGE - George Washington contestant Sam Davis. (Best resolution from video) SL
By Bill Duhart | For NJ.com
American history teaches we should expect more from George Washington, the father of a country of immigrants from around the world.
So when Sam Davis, a well-known George Washington impersonator, blamed "all the Indian people" in his town for denying him a second term on the Chesterfield township committee, and then called for a criminal investigation alleging a 117-vote margin was tallied because illegal immigrants voted, many were disappointed.
Balvir Singh, the first Indian-American elected to the county freeholder board, said Tuesday he thought Davis's claims were racist.
"If you want to be prejudice against a group of people based on their ethnicity that's the text book definition of a racist," Singh said.
Singh said Tuesday the Burlington County Prosecutor's Office told him Davis had requested an investigation but they determined it had no merit. Joel Bewley, a spokesman for the prosecutor, said in an email he "cannot discuss the potential existence of an investigation into election results."
Davis — who was featured in 2013 Star Ledger documentary about George Washington impersonators — was defeated by political newcomer Shreekant Dhopte in the general election in November. Dhopte won in a three candidate race this township of just under 8,000 south of Trenton. Davis allegedly demanded the investigation and rattled off a rant on a recent social media post alleging the election was swung by mail-in ballots from people of Indian descent who were not citizens.
"I know for a fact all the Indian people in Chesterfield voted for him and I also know that they are not United States citizens," Davis wrote on a Facebook post last week that registered more than 400 comments after a restaurant owner posted a note left by a customer that said 'Don't tip immigrants!!!' "It's the law that you must be a citizen to vote. If you are not a citizen and voted in an election it is a $15,000 fine...I can't wait until those people [are] slap with that big fine. That'll teach them a lesson."
Efforts to reach Davis for comment Tuesday by phone and through social media were not successful. The comments appeared to have been since deleted.
"He knows these accusations are baseless," Dhopte said Tuesday. "I think he has lost his mind."
Dhopte, 45, an IT manager for a pharmaceutical company, said Davis had invited him into his home before the election and they both vowed to not run a negative campaign.
"I did not expect him to say anything like this," Dhopte said. "I don't know what happened to him."
Dhopte was born in India and came to America when he was 27 in 2000. He became a citizen in 2012.
He said Davis showed him his George Washington costumes when he invited him in.
"He took me to a room of memorabilia for when he plays George Washington — all the costumes, how proud he was," Dhopte said. "I thought the guy was a patriot, a nice person."
Davis is a Republican and Dhopte is a Democrat. Singh, a Democrat and the first Indian-American to serve on the freeholder board, said some people in the Indian community spoke to him about their concerns after Davis posted his comments in a Facebook community group last week.
Singh said he believes the election of Donald Trump, a Republican, as president in 2016 brought a return to bigoted behavior and believes the election in Burlington County — in which Democrats took nearly 60 percent of the vote and swung control of county government from the GOP for the first time since 1975 — signaled a clear message from voters.
Newcomer Andy Kim defeated two-term incumbent GOP U.S. Rep. Tom MacArthur, who was one of the president's biggest supporters in the Congress, in a race that topped the ticket in Burlington County.
"In 2016, expressing hatred of groups of people has become normalized," Singh said. "I'm astonished we are here in 2019 and this is still happening."
Chesterfield has a population of just under 8,000. There are about 300 Asian Indians in the township, Dhopte said. Recent census data shows there are more than 1,000 Asian residents.
Three candidates ran for one open seat in November including two Indian candidates. Dhopte won with 1,174 votes, to 1,057 for Davis and 211 for Independent candidate Jignesh Shah.
Bill Duhart may be reached at bduhart@njadvancemedia.com. Follow him on Twitter@bduhart. Find NJ.com on Facebook. Have a tip? Tell us. nj.com/tips. Get the latest updates right in your inbox. Subscribe to NJ.com's newsletters. 'Ask Alexa for New Jersey news'


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Director, New Growth Corporate Development
Cox Communications, Atlanta, GA 30328
Cox Communications is committed to creating meaningful moments of human connection through broadband applications and services.
Duration: Full-Time
Primary Location: 6205-B Peachtree Dunwoody Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA
Division: Cox Communications
Job Level: Director/Senior Director
VACCINE POLICY: WHERE PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, YOU MUST BE FULLY VACCINATED AGAINST COVID-19 TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THIS U.S.-BASED JOB (REASONABLE ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MEDICAL AND RELIGIOUS OBJECTIONS WILL BE CONSIDERED).
Role Summary
At Cox, we connect people to the things they love. Here in New Growth and Development, connection is just the beginning. The NG&D organization is focused on identifying and exploring areas of future, sustained growth across the entire enterprise. In other words, we work to answer "whats next" to solve real problems for Cox and our customers.
This job is Innovation, Technology, Strategic Planning, Corporate Development, and Partnerships all wrapped into one. As the Corporate Development Director focused on our Digital Marketing portfolio, youll have a hand in shaping what "connectivity" means to local businesses and their customers - ultimately re-inventing and enriching the way small businesses can leverage breakthroughs in technology, marketing, and culture to achieve more. You will have the chance to explore highly complex problems within the Marketing and Advertising technology and services space, develop theses based on whats trending, and identify high-potential companies and opportunities for Cox to engage. In addition, you will contribute to the diligence and decision-making process, collaborate with the rest of the New Growth and Mergers & Acquisitions team, and interact with our portfolio companies to ensure the success of our partnerships and investments.
Identify and assess relevant success/performance metrics, develop predictions about how specific markets are evolving, and track activity in the industry ecosystem
Ad hoc research: Perform business and technology research on markets, companies, and trends
Support the process to analyze emerging and adjacent market, product, competitive, and technology trends to identify new growth opportunities
Partnership evaluation
Lead the development effort to identify new growth initiatives and innovative partners with which to develop new business initiatives for the company
Find interesting companies and projects: Build and continuously update based on market signals, your own theses and market map, and a network of key relationships
Evaluate prospective investments: Assist in diligence efforts for specific companies we are considering investing in, or an entire category of startups we are evaluating
Structure and negotiate deals to support robust and meaningful Mar-Tech / Ad-Tech partnerships
Develop and maintain the portfolio(s) of adjacent growth opportunities driving towards revenue opportunities
Leadership, process management & other
Provide leadership to team of supporting resources and boundary partners
Cultivate a network of subject matter experts: Nurture and maintain relationships with influential people to both source deals and gather market intelligence
Provide leadership in developing Coxs alliances, partnerships, and industry relationships to maintain Coxs position as a respected thought leader in the industry
Manage board responsibilities for relevant investment portfolio companies
6-8+ years related experience in business development, venture capital, private equity, investment banking or consulting/strategy disciplines
Genuine intellectual curiosity, ability to learn new facts and concepts quickly and comprehensively, and to synthesize and communicate effectively to others in both verbal and written forms, up to and including influencing senior internal and external stakeholders
Team player mindset and ability to collaborate with colleagues, navigate relationships in the broader technology ecosystem, and ensure that entrepreneurs have an excellent experience engaging with Cox
Ability to operate independently to navigate tight deadlines, juggle a long list of competing priorities, and operate in a dynamic environment without compromising sharp attention to detail
Intellectual horsepower, desire and proven ability to learn new domains and technologies quickly, energetic "can-do" attitude and commitment to excellence
Strong analytical and problem-solving skills, in addition to excellent verbal and written communication skills
Strong and demonstrable project/process management experience and large team facilitation skills
MBA or equivalent
Experience in and working knowledge of Marketing and Advertising technologies and markets
Experience in start-up businesses and/or end-to-end new product development experience, with entrepreneurial spirit
Proven ability to structure and negotiate complex business agreements addressing technology, operational, intellectual property, and policy matters
Business understanding and working knowledge of the cable /communication industry, systems, and networks, as well as current and emerging technologies and standards is very beneficial
Willingness to travel
About Cox Communications
Cox Communications is committed to creating meaningful moments of human connection through broadband applications and services. The largest private telecom company in America, we proudly serve six million homes and businesses across 18 states. Were dedicated to empowering others to build a better future and celebrate diverse products, people, suppliers, communities and the characteristics that makes each one unique.
About Cox
We are the Cox family of businesses. Weve been making our mark since 1898 by building and evolving world-class businesses, staying true to our values, and encouraging top talent to always look for growth and impact while building a career with us. Our primary divisions - Cox Communications and Cox Automotive - are driving a new wave of innovation, powering smart cities with powerhouse broadband communications and pioneering greener, more progressive transportation alternatives for individuals and fleet operators. Were also expanding into new spaces like cleantech and healthcare to rev up our momentum toward building a better future for the next generation. Were looking for the talent today who will be our leaders tomorrow. Sound intriguing? Learn more about where we are today, where we hope youll be going with us, and the common purpose that unites us at coxenterprises.com.
Benefits of working at Cox may include health care insurance (medical, dental, vision), retirement planning (401(k)), and paid days off (sick leave, parental leave, flexible vacation/wellness days, and/or PTO). For more details on what benefits you may be offered, visit our benefits page.
Cox is an Equal Employment Opportunity employer - All qualified applicants/employees will receive consideration for employment without regard to that individuals age, race, color, religion or creed, national origin or ancestry, sex (including pregnancy), sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, physical or mental disability, veteran status, genetic information, ethnicity, citizenship, or any other characteristic protected by law.
Statement to ALL Third-Party Agencies and Similar Organizations: Cox accepts resumes only from agencies with which we formally engage their services. Please do not forward resumes to our applicant tracking system, Cox employees, Cox hiring manager, or send to any Cox facility. Cox is not responsible for any fees or charges associated with unsolicited resumes.
Cox Communications is a broadband communications and entertainment company, providing advanced digital video, Internet, telephone and home security and automation services over its own nationwide IP network. The third-largest U.S. cable company, Cox serves approximately 6 million residences and businesses. Cox Business is a facilities-based provider of voice, video and data solutions for commercial customers, and Cox Media is a full-service provider of national and local cable spot and digital media advertising.
Cox is known for its pioneering efforts in broadband, voice and commercial services, industry-leading customer care and its outstanding workplaces. For nine years, Cox has been recognized as the top operator for women by Women in Cable Telecommunications; Cox has ranked among DiversityInc's Top 50 Companies for Diversity 11 times. More information about Cox Communications, a wholly owned subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, is available at www.cox.com and www.coxmedia.com.
Want to learn more about Cox Communications? Visit Cox Communications's website.
Fox Corporation
We produce and distribute content through some of the world's leading and most valued brands
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In a large saucepan, melt the butter and saute the onion until translucent, 3 to 4 minutes. Add the soups, milk, and half-and-half. Add the crabmeat and bring just to a boil. Add the sherry and salt and pepper, to taste. Serve immediately. Or allow to cool to room temperature, then refrigerate or freeze immediately in plastic microwavable reusable containers with lids.


Abbasian, G., Ehsanian, S. (2012). Explicit vs. Contrastive-based Instruction of Formulaic Expressions in Developing EFL Learners' Reading Ability. Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, 5(10), 1-35.
Gholam-Reza Abbasian; Seyeed Jalil Ehsanian. "Explicit vs. Contrastive-based Instruction of Formulaic Expressions in Developing EFL Learners' Reading Ability". Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, 5, 10, 2012, 1-35.
Abbasian, G., Ehsanian, S. (2012). 'Explicit vs. Contrastive-based Instruction of Formulaic Expressions in Developing EFL Learners' Reading Ability', Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, 5(10), pp. 1-35.
Abbasian, G., Ehsanian, S. Explicit vs. Contrastive-based Instruction of Formulaic Expressions in Developing EFL Learners' Reading Ability. Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, 2012; 5(10): 1-35.
As an integrative component of textual structure, formulaic expressions (FEs) play a key role in communicating the message and comprehending the text. Furthermore, interlingually contrastive features of FEs add to their both significance and complexity of their instruction. Given these facts, this study was an attempt to explore a sound mechanism on how to teach FEs; whether an explicit or CA-based approach to FEs instruction could entail various achievements among EFL learners' reading ability. To this end, three groups of Iranian EFL learners, identified as homogeneous based on Nelson Proficiency Test, were classified into one control and two experimental (i.e. explicit and CA-based instruction) ones. They were exposed to conventional, explicit and CA-based instructions of a set of selected FEs developed into and presented in the form of an instructional handout. Their Knowledge of reading was also tested based on a researcher-made diagnostic test prior to the experiment. Both quantitative and qualitative paradigms were employed to measure both the achievements and the extent of contrast between Persian and English languages in terms of FEs. The former analysis revealed significance difference among the groups in terms of instruction type effectiveness; both explicit and CA-based instruction groups outperformed the control group; on the contrary, no statistically significant difference was revealed between the experimental groups. Additionally, the latter paradigm revealed differences and mismatches between Persian and English FEs in terms of semantic, syntactic and pragmatic parameters. The findings could be insightful for EFL instructors, learners, textbook writers, and syllabus designers to take into account issues like these in their pedagogical programs.
Different approaches, strategies, and skills have been suggested as to mastering reading skill. Lying on a continuum of instructions, they range from rendering a large portion of vocabulary, exploiting, "previewing and reading for main idea", (Sharpe, 1989, p. 262), intensive and extensive reading skills (Chastain, 1988; Richards and Renandya, 2002), provision of pre-reading, schema-building tasks to predicting, skimming, and scanning strategies (Nunan, 2001). Besides, readers themselves may rely on various personal approaches such as bottom-up, text dependence, top-down approach, or schema dependence one to perceive and comprehend written passages (Nunan, 2001). From all these explicit-type instructions, it is inferred that teachers can help learners improve their reading comprehension ability and, consequently, develop themselves in learning a second or foreign language (SL/FL) (Richards & Platt, 1992). Researches adopt the effectiveness of explicit instruction in TESL/ TEFL. In this respect, Karen, et al. (2007) suggest that "the explicit instruction is significantly better than the implicit (instruction) for the complex rule" (p.1), and it may lead to a long term effect for learners (Tode, 2007). It helps learners to perceive new items consciously and this conscious awareness, consequently, assists and notifies learners to take the square and produce accurate pieces of language (Richard and Schmidt, 2010).
Explicit type of instruction may take variety of forms. Among them Contrastive Analysis (CA) oriented approach, though may be charged for being traditional in essence, has proved pedagogically significant in certain areas. CA aims at juxtaposing two language systems to compare and contrast the extent of similarities and differences between them , claiming that it can predict the problematic issues the learner encounters while learning a SL/FL, and thereby most appropriate materials for teaching SL/FL can be developed (Keshavarz, 2008; Ziahosseiny, 2008).
Further to the mechanism of developing reading, subject of instruction being either language skills or components is of crucial importance. For example, formulaic language as an innovative domain in TEFL and TESL has been subject to research in the last decade. Wray (2002) emphasizes the importance of the formulaic language and the lexicon in speakers' production and mentions that some formulaic sequences of language are present in normal conversations. Wood (2010) asserts a large portion of communicative acts deals with prefabricated chunks. These items are acquired and stored in long term memories. In addition, learners can retrieve these packages of chunks autonomously. Some others (Bulter, 2006; Charles, et al., 2009; Mey, 2009; Wray, 2008) discuss different advantages of formulaic language in a variety of perspectives. They assert that formulaic language helps learners reduce the processing load.
Studies on formulaic language (Birkenstein, et al., 2008; Hackson and Fernandez, 2008; Hall, 2009; Van Lancker & Rallon, 2004; Sadeghi,2009; Wray, 2008) confirm the importance of teaching formulaic expressions and show that a great extent of any language consists of fixed or semi-fixed chunks and language packages. These chunks need to be fully taken into account since these pre-fabricated items let learners store language economically and develop autonomy in production.
The remaining controversial issue is the way formulaic expressions could be effectively rendered in pedagogical situations. Variety of solutions including form-focused, meaning focused, explicit, implicit, contrastive analysis (CA-based) and the like has been experienced in the literature. Among many, CA-based and explicit instructions seem worthwhile to be investigated.
The main task of CA is to compare and contrast two languages to explore the rate of similarities and differences in terms of phoneme, morpheme, syntax, semantics, etc. Consequently, after studying the corpus, the findings are employed in pedagogical materials. The product of these processes shows that CA, in spite of its limitations in some cases, appears to be a significant tool for EFL learners to improve their learning career (Keshavaz, 2008; Yang, 1986; Ziahosseiny, 2008). Proponents of CAH state: "The main purpose of CA is to give a description of differences between languages to establish a linguistically motivated hierarchy of differences" (Ziahosseiny, 2008, p. 2). The modified version of CA, that is, Error Analysis (EA), still seems popular and dominant in pedagogy and serves as "the primary means of conducting research into L2 acquisition" (Ellis & Barkhuizen, 2009, p. 52).
Yang (1986) states that in spite of some drawbacks of the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH), it can be an effective tool for "teachers to gain useful insight to find out their students' problems and students to better realize that their native language habits can be transferred to the new language system" (p.3).
CA claimed that learners transferred forms and meanings of their L1 while learning a foreign or second language. Lado (1957, p. 2 cited in Keshavarz, 2008, p. 5) states: "Individuals tend to transfer the forms and meanings, and distribution of the forms and meanings of their native language and culture to the foreign language and culture, both productively when attempting to grasp and understand the language … as practiced by natives." He maintains that "based on this assumption ( as mentioned above), Structural linguists set out to identify areas of difficulty for second language learners and produce appropriate teaching materials to overcome these difficulties." (ibid). Citing from Fries (1947, p. 9), Keshavarz (2008, p.6) suggests that "the most effective materials (for foreign language teaching) are those that are (designed) based upon a scientific description of the language to be learned, carefully compared with parallel description of the native language of the learner." CA can help material developers to design appropriate materials, aids the learners to understand and learn how L1 differs from L2, assists the teacher to better understand weaknesses and strengths the learner may have while learning a second or foreign language (Corder, 1986; Ellis, 2009).
Obviously, instructional mechanism should be compatible with the content or target of the instruction. So, necessity of awareness of the nature of formulaic expressions and respective research trend would be illuminating in the process of conducting this study.
Sequences of words, phrases, or sentences such as 'on time', 'make a mistake', 'look up', 'how do you do', see you later', etc. are called FEs (Wray,2002). As an umbrella term, "FE includes these terms: idioms, collocations, preferred ways of saying things, routines, set phrases, rhymes and songs, prayers and proverbs" (Gardiff University, 2011, p.1), which cover a large portion of any language in the form of fabricated chunks.
"Conserving processing resources, enhancing both fluency and idiomatically" (Richards and Schmidt, 2010, p. 229).
"Providing learners with connotational meaning besides dictionary meaning" (Lee, 2008).
"Reminding the teacher and the learner to look up equivalent or semi-equivalent items in his or her own native language rather than to rely on the loan translation" ( Hackson and Fernandez, 2008, p. 57).
"Helping the learner to store the string of lexical and chunk items in the mental lexicon as a single unit and retrieve them as a whole, too (Wray, 2002; cited in Hackson and Fernandez, 2008, p.2).
"Helping the learner to develop productivity" (Hall, 2007, p.1).
"Being the heart and soul of native-like use" (Wray, 2002, p.5).
Teaching FEs develop fluent speakers, writers or learners. The inclusion of formulaic language provides learners with an opportunity to improve their own language skills such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing (Birkenstein, 2008; Hackson and Fernandez, 2008; Hall, 2007; Layboutt,2009; Sefidvand and Vahdani, 2011; Wray, 2008).
In addition to the targeted mechanisms (i.e., CA- and FE-based instructions), reading skill as the target skill being developed in light of these mechanisms, has been subject to extensive research as well. Nunan (2001) found that "background knowledge was a more important factor than grammatical complexity in the ability of readers to comprehend cohesive relationships in the text" (p.260). His finding is compatible with the schema theory as well. Richards and Renandya (2002) have focussed on incorporation of extensive reading as a developmental tool.
Favouring the role of culture in developing reading skill, Chastain (1988) suggests that "a significant factor affecting comprehensibility in language classes is the lack of familiarity students may have with the foreign culture" (p. 233). Furthermore, lots of studies have been done on how to teach reading skill; all emanating from the significance of reading ability.
Contrary to the significance of the formulaic expressions in language skill acquisition, what seems rather crucial is the way they can be rendered explicitly or contrastively. Since this area has not been thoroughly investigated in the literature and almost all EFL learners find formulae expressions difficult to internalize, the present paper sets out to investigate the impact of such expressions on EFL learners' reading comprehension ability.
1. Does explicit instruction of FEs have any significant effect on EFL learners' reading comprehension?
2. Does contrastive instruction of FEs have any significant effect on EFL learners' reading comprehension?
3. Are there any significant differences between explicit and contrastive instructions of FEs in developing EFL learners' reading comprehension ability?
4. To what extent are English and Persian different in terms of FEs?
Seventy four Iranian senior high school male EFL learners participated in the study. They were divided into one control group (n=22) and two experimental groups (i.e. Explicit Instruction Group (n=27) and CA Instruction Group (n=25).
Researcher-made Handouts of Explicit and Contrastive Types: Explicit and contrastive handouts had been planned before the experiment started. Whereas the explicit type handout was a collection of formulaic expressions extracted from the participants' textbooks without any Persian equivalence, the CA-based type included the Persian equivalence of the FEs.
Nelson Reading Proficiency Test was administered to select three homogenous groups of participants.
Researcher-made pre-test of reading ability was developed and administered to measure the reading achievement of the participants prior to the treatment.
Researcher-made post-test of reading ability, parallel to the pre-test, was designed and administered to probe the extent of effectiveness of the instructions.
Teacher: When you get completely confused, it means you get mixed …..
Meanwhile, every session, the errors were used to be recorded and collected for further analysis in an answer to research question No. 4.
-The pre-planned handout of contrastive instruction of formulaic expressions was distributed and taught among the group of contrastive instruction of FEs for five weeks, twice a week.
Finally, Researcher-made post-test was administered following a five-week instruction carried out in 10 sessions to probe the extent of the effectiveness of the instructions.
The statistical analyses took the advantages of both quantitative and qualitative research methods depending on the variable and research question types. Correlation coefficients estimation, ANOVA, Shefee test, and frequency analysis were the main procedures of data analysis.
In order to run any parametric test, four assumptions of independence, interval data, normality and homogeneity of variances should be met (Field, 2009). The first two assumptions of independence and interval data do not have any statistical test. The researcher should confirm that none of the subjects participates in more than one group and the dependent variables are measured on an interval scale. However, the latter two assumptions – normality and homogeneity of variances - require statistical test.
To investigate the normality of the data, the ratio of the skewedness over their respective standard errors should be within the ranges of +/- 1.96. As displayed in Table 1, the ratios of the skewedness and kurtosis over their respective standard errors are all within the above mentioned range (i.e. the present data enjoy normal distribution on all tests).
The assumption of homogeneity of variances is discussed when reporting one-way ANOVA results, although in case this assumption is violated, one can reduce the significance level to .01 to compensate for the violation.
A one-way ANOVA was run to compare the mean scores of the three groups (i.e. control, explicit instruction of FEs and contrastive instruction of FEs) on the NELSON test in order to find out whether the groups were homogeneous. As displayed in Table 2, the mean scores for the control, EIFEs and CIFEs are 37.68, 43.28 and 41.19, respectively.
As displayed in Table 3, the assumption of homogeneity of variances is not met (Levene's F = 6.68, P = .002 < .05). To compensate for the violation of the assumption of homogeneity of variances, as suggested by Pallant (2005, pp. 234-259), the level of significance was reduced to .01.
The results of the one-way ANOVA indicate that there are not any significant differences between the mean scores of the three groups on the NELSON test (F = 1.75 (2, 71), P = .181 > .01). Based on these results, it can be concluded that three groups enjoyed the same level of general proficiency knowledge prior to the administration of the treatments.
The Pearson correlation coefficients between the NELSON test and pretest and posttest of reading comprehension were employed as validity indices of the latter two tests. As displayed in Table 5, the pretest of reading comprehension (r = .47, P = .000 < .05) and posttest of reading comprehension (r = .46, P = .000 < .05) both show significant correlations with the NELSON test; in other words, the pretest and posttest of reading comprehension enjoy acceptable indices of criterion related validity.
As displayed in Table 6, the K-R21 reliability indices for the pretest, posttest and NELSON test are .89, .93 and .95, respectively.
A one-way ANOVA was run to compare the mean scores of the three groups (control, explicit instruction of FE's and contrastive instruction of FE's) on the pretest of Reading Comprehension test in order to ascertain whether they were homogeneous in terms of reading comprehension ability prior to administration of the treatments to the experimental groups. As displayed in Table 7, the mean scores for the control, contrastive instruction of FEs (CIFE), and explicit instruction of FEs (EIFE) are 47.59, 55.54 and 51.10, respectively.
As displayed in Table 8, the assumption of homogeneity of variances is not met (Levene's F = 12.47, P = .000 < .05). To compensate for the violation of the assumption of homogeneity of variances, as suggested by Pallant (2005, pp. 234-259), the level of significance is reduced to .01.
The results of the one-way ANOVA indicate that there are not any significant differences among the mean scores of the three groups on the pretest of Reading Comprehension test (F = 1.90 (2, 71), P = .156 > .01). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the three groups enjoyed the same level of reading comprehension ability, along with general language proficiency, prior to the administration of the treatments.
A one-way ANOVA was run to compare the mean scores of the three groups (control, EIFE and CIFE) on the posttest of Reading Comprehension test in order to investigate the effect of the explicit and contrastive instruction of FEs to develop reading ability. As displayed in Table 10, the mean scores for the control, CIFE, and EIFE groups are, 48.33, 66.25 and 63.66, respectively.
As displayed in Table 11, the assumption of homogeneity of variances is met (Levene's F = 3.05, P = .053 > .05).
The results of the one-way ANOVA indicate that there are significant differences among the mean scores of the three groups on the posttest of Reading Comprehension test (F = 8.59 (2, 71), P = .000 > .05).
A: There is a significant difference between the mean scores of the EIFE and control groups. The EIFE group with a mean score of 63.66 outperformed the control group on the posttest of reading comprehension (see table 10). Thus, the first null-hypothesis (i.e. explicit instruction of FEs does not have any significant effect on EFL learners' reading comprehension) is rejected.
B: There is a significant difference between the mean scores of the CIFE and control groups. The CIFE group with a mean score of 66.25 outperformed the control group on the posttest of reading comprehension (table 10). Thus, the second null-hypothesis (i.e. CIFE does not have any significant effect on EFL learners' reading comprehension) is rejected.
C: There is not any significant difference between the mean scores of the CIFE and EIFE groups. Thus, the third null-hypothesis (i.e. there are not any significant differences between EIFE and CIFE instructions in developing EFL learners' reading comprehension ability) could not be rejected (see table 10 and graph 2).
I Expressions may be structurally divergent. For example, 'make plans: برنامه چیدن [barname chidan] 'indicates that the English structure (Verb + Noun) does not match the Persian structure [ noun+verb] (اسم +فعل) or the formulaic expression 'be afraid of: ترسیدن از' [tarsidan az] is different from that of Persian in terms of structure (be + adjective+ preposition versus فعل+ حرف اضافه) [ verb+pp].
II. Expressions may be semantically divergent, for example, 'make a decision: تصمیم گرفتن' [tasmim gereftan] rather than * تصمیم ساختن یک [tasmim saakhtan]or 'take action: اقدام کردن'[eghdam kardan] rather than *اقدام برداشتن [eghdam bardashtan].
III. Expressions may be pragmatically divergent. For example, 'How do you do? : از دیدارشما خوشوقتم' [az didar-e shoma khosvagtam] may have different interpretations for English and Persian speakers.
The findings indicate that explicit instruction of FEs plays a significant role in developing learners' reading comprehension ability. They are in line with the studies supporting the effectiveness of explicit instruction (Andrew, 2007). In addition, the results revealed that formulaic instruction made the EFL participants outscore the control group, suggesting that teaching Formulaic expressions could be an effective pedagogical technique in enhancing reading comprehension competence.
Along the same line, some researchers (Butter, et al., 2006; Ellis, 2005; Mey, 2006; Wood, 2010; Wray, 2005) found that teaching and learning lexical chunks, collocations, idioms (i.e. FEs), had significant effects and functions on learners. But they did not investigate the effect of FEs instructions on EFL learners' reading ability. In fact, most of them have been concerned with the effect of FEs on EFL learners' fluency and productivity.
Additionally, CA-based instruction of FEs helps learners develop their reading comprehension ability significantly. CA-based instruction of FEs assists learners in perceiving L1 and L2 similarities and differences by comparing and contrasting the systems. Then, the achievements may be insightful for learners in enhancing and learning EFL reading materials. Therefore, the study confirms Ellis (2009) and Corder (1986) suggesting that teachers, learners, and researchers can take advantage of CA. However, the scope of this study (i.e. CA-based mechanism of FEs instruction) appears to be an innovative approach in teaching reading in the field of TEFL. Even though some researchers such as Ziahosseiny (2008) and Keshavarz (2008) have concerned themselves with contrastive analysis of English and Persian, they don't fully support the argument of the current research. Meanwhile, the findings are consistent with that of Manucheri (2005). She concludes that, for example, the Persian learner of English has problems while learning the verb forms such as 'teach: یاد دادن / yaad dadan/ rather than * give learning' or 'learn: یاد گرفتن yaad gereftan/ rather than *get learning'. She suggests that the teacher should provide ample opportunities for learners to realize the collocational nature of verb forms on CA-based study.
Meanwhile, this study reveals that the two mechanisms of explicit and CA-based instructions bring about roughly equal achievements. Even though the dual mechanism equality probably seems to be the unique achievement of this experiment, it supports the significance of explicit instruction of Richards and Schmidt (2002), confirming Ziahosseiny's (2008) claim that "Contrastive analysis is largely associated with language teaching" (p.6).
Both the explicit and CA-based experiments reported in the literature (Ghadessy, 1977; Jafarpur, 1979; Keyvani, 1977; Yarmohammadi, 1967) aimed at providing learners, teachers, researchers with new insights to develop in their pedagogical programs. Along the same line, this study was an attempt to teach the most frequent formulaic expressions extracted from the participants' textbook through two mechanisms of explicit and contrastive approaches. CA-based study on the extracted sample of FEs reveals that 34 percent of English and Persian formulae are different in terms of structures, semantics and pragmatics.
FEs are almost fixed or semi-fixed prefabricated chunks which play a significant role to develop learners' fluency. In addition, formulae assist language users to acquire language (Lucker, 2004). In fact, learners store and retrieve these chunks wholly within a set of ready-made packages (Gardiff University, 2011). However, almost all EFL learners in different levels find idioms and collocations problematic. They often find such formulae difficult to internalize since syllabus designers do not include enough proportion of formulaic expressions- collocations and idioms- in EFL course books. EFL teachers might sometimes overlook teaching formulaic expressions at the expense of teaching isolated items. In addition, the study of formulaic language is in its infancy.
Conclusively, the findings assert roughly equal effectiveness of both EIFE and CIFE instructions on the participants' reading comprehension ability and greater incompatibility between Persian and English in terms of FEs, which warrants the inclusion of CIFE instruction at the top of the priority list of candidate instructional mechanisms.
Gholam-Reza Abbasian, born in Ahar, East Azerbaijan, Iran, is an assistant professor of TEFL at Imam Ali University & IAU. He has presented at (inter) national conferences and is the author & translator of about 15 books, publisher of scholarly articles and offers psycholinguistics, language testing, & syllabus design courses. He has received awards as top scholar and has been nominated as the most successful teacher for seven years. He is the internal manager of JOMM, reviewer of Sage, FLA and GJER journals and a member of editorial board of JSSIR.
Sayeed Jalil Ehsanian, holds an MA in TEFL and is an English teacher at the Iranian Ministry of Education and has been teaching English for fifteen years. His research interests are syllabus design and materials preparation.
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What are they? What about you?
Here you are. How many……………..?
What time……..? Whose car …….?
How much …….? How many …….?
Turn on What's the matter?
A long time At the age of ….
Change into Could I …….?
Hometown How about this one?
May I borrow…..? Never mind.
Not at all Nice to meet you.
What size do you wear? Would you …….?
Who is it on the phone? What fun it was?
Hold one's breath How about this one?
Worry about What time is the film on?
Help yourself از خودتان پذیرایی کنید.
What fun it was! چقدر جالب بود!


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