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Автомобильные и авиационные роты Сахары () — подразделения моторизованной пехоты Королевской армии Италии специализированные на дальнем военном патрулировании в пустыне Сахара в Северной Африке. Эти роты существовали с конца 1930-х до мая 1943 года и принимали участие в Североафриканской кампании Второй мировой войны.

История
Первые прообразы Сахарских рот были созданы после 1923 года, целью военного патрулирования территории Итальянской Северной Африки (большая часть которой является пустыня Сахара), для разведки и борьбы с ливийскими повстанцами национально-освободительного движения Омара Мухтара. В 1937 году пять таких рот были объединены губернатором Итальянской Ливии Итало Бальбо и преобразованы в моторизованные группы, в том числе и с воздушной поддержкой, в частности, для охраны границ колонии.

Во время Североафриканской кампании (с 1940 по 1943 год) Сахарские роты занимались разведывательными, диверсионными и боевыми операциями в том числе против британской группы дальней разведки пустыни, имевшей схожие функции.

В состав рот входили так называемые «arditi camionettisti» или «смелые водители» — опытные солдаты, члены экипажей бронеавтомобилей Autoblinda 41, грузовиков FIAT, SPA, Lancia, специально адаптированных для действий в условиях пустынной местности и оснащенных крупнокалиберными пулеметами, противотанковыми ружьями, противотанковыми и зенитными орудиями.

В 1940 году в начале боевых действий, четыре автоавиароты были объединены в Сахарскую группировку «Maletti» и были уничтожены вместе с ним в битве при Нибеива в ходе Ливийской операции 9 декабря 1940 года. Они были заменены пятью вновь созданными ротами по приказу подполковника Della Valle, назначенным командовать сахарнской группировкой «Маннерини». 1-я рота дислоцировалась в городе Джалу, 2-я в Куфре, 3-я в Хуне, 4-я в Гадамесе и 5-я в Гате.

В этом пустынном районе итальянской Ливии произошло столкновение между 2-й ротой и англичанами в конце января 1941 года в долине Джебель-Шариф:
Противник, насчитывавший сорок четыре человека в двух боевых бронированных машинах и пяти грузовиках, имел преимущество в тесном сотрудничестве с авиацией и был вооружен пушками Breda, в засаде в Джебель-Шариф

В этом столкновении в долине Джебель-Шариф англичане из LRDG (Группа дальней разведки пустыни) потеряли одного человека, двое были взяты итальнцами в плен, в том числе майор Клейтон. Итальянцы уничтожили три британские машины. У итальянцев было трое погибших и трое раненых. Четыре оставшихся в живых британца бежали пешком через Ливийскую пустыню до Нила. Майор Клейтон впоследствии был награжден орденом «За выдающиеся заслуги».

Сахарские автоавиароты продолжали сталкиваться с LRDG в 1941 и 1942 годах.

В 1943 году, в конце Североафриканской кампании, уцелевшие силы рот последовали за итальянской армией, участвуя в кампании в Тунисе, где они участвовали в столкновениях в районе Марет, вплоть до окончательной капитуляции сил Оси в Североафриканском военном театре 13 мая 1943 года.

Структура

Каждая рота состояла из итальянских и ливийских (туземных) солдат и включала:

 отделение управления;
 отделение связи;
 взвод «мехаристи» (ливийская кавалерия на верблюдах) в составе:
 2 булука (подразделение в колониальных войсках);
 моторизованный взвод в составе:
 отделение управления;
 пулеметная секция (2 пулемета);
 2 булука;
 авиационное отделение (3 разведывательных самолёта Caproni Ca.309, приданных из состава ВВС);
 ливийский пехотный взвод.

Во время войны количество активных автоавиарот варьировалось от 3 до 5, каждая имела около 20-30 вооруженных грузовиков.

В 1940 году организационная структура была пересмотрена и модернизирована. Штат был установлен в количестве: 4 офицера, 7 унтер-офицеров, 32 итальянских солдата и 77 ливийских аскари, 16 грузовиков Fiat-SPA AS37 и 3 тяжелых грузовика Fiat 634. Рота состояла из:
 взвода управления;
 двух взводов моторизованной пехоты;
 моторизованного пулеметного взвода.

Взвод управления был оснащен автомобилями Fiat-SPA AS37 с радиостанциями для связи с самолётами ВВС.

Структура снова была пересмотрена в 1942 году. Каждая рота теперь состояла из 5 офицеров, 3 унтер-офицеров, 2 итальянских солдат и 133 ливийцев. Оснащение составляло: 7 пустынных грузовых автомобилей AS37 и Fiat-SPA AS42 «Sahariana» и 10 грузовых автомобилей Lancia 3Ro. Новая организационная структура включала:
 взвод моторизованной пехоты;
 моторизованный пулеметный взвод;
 моторизованный артиллерийский взвод (пушки тип 20/65);
 моторизованный противотанковый артиллерийский взвод (пушки тип 47/32).

Вооружение и оснащение

У автоавиарот Сахары было то же стрелковое и артиллерийское вооружение, что и у обычной итальянской пехоты, с той существенной разницей, что пулеметы и орудия были установлены на поворотных установках на грузовых автомобилях. Таким вооружением было, в частности, автоматическое зенитное орудие Breda 20/65 Mod. 35, которое оказалось также отличным противотанковым средством. Основным средствами ПТО была пушка 47/32 Mod. 1935 и противотанковое ружье Solothurn S-18/1000.

Полная моторизация отличала автоавиароты от прочих подразделений итальянской армии, которым крайне не хватало автомобилей и грузовиков. В дополнение к легким полноприводным грузовикам Fiat-SPA AS37 и тяжелым Fiat 634 и Lancia 3Ro, которые использовались для перевозки грузов и личного состава, или как самоходные орудия, также имелись автомобили, специально предназначенные для пустыни, в частности, Fiat-SPA AS42 «Сахариана», вооруженные пулеметом или пушкой 47/32, противотанковыми ружьями и тремя пулеметами Breda Mod. 37.

Совершенно исключительным и революционным было то, что каждой роте придавались двухмоторные самолеты Caproni Ca.309 «Ghibli». Разведчик и легкий бомбардировщик Ca.309 был вооружен двумя 12,7-мм и одним 7,7-мм пулеметом. Ca.309 из состава сахарской группировки ВВС действовали в Ливии до февраля 1942 года, когда последние 27 самолетов вернулись в Италию. В Африке осталась только одна машина этого типа, участвовавшая в Тунисской кампании.

Подчиненность по годам
1937
 Командование войск Ливийской Сахары
 Сахарский батальон
 отделение управления
 Сахарская рота «Куфра»
 Сахарская рота «Джалу»
 Сахарская рота «Хун»
 Сахарская рота «Себа»
 Сахарская рота «Гариан»

1940
 Сахарская группа «Малетти» (командующий генерал Пьетро Малетти)
 Сахарский батальон
 Автоавиарота Сахары «Хун»
 Автоавиарота Сахары «Джалу»
 Автоавиарота Сахары «Марзук»
 Автоавиарота Сахары «Аль-Куфе»

1941
 Сахарская группа «Маннерини» (командующий генерал Альберто Маннерини)
 1-я автоавиарота Сахары (Джалу)
 2-я автоавиарота рота Сахары (Куфра)
 3-я автоавиарота Сахары (Хун)
 4-я автоавиарота Сахары (Гадамес)
 5-я автоавиарота Сахары (Гат)

См. также
 Североафриканская кампания
 Long Range Desert Group
 Итальянская Ливия
 Итальянская Северная Африка
 Королевский корпус колониальных войск (Италия)

Литература
 Giulio Bedeschi (1979). Fronte d'Africa: c'ero anch'io. Mursia, Milano.
 Kuno Gross, Brendan O'Carroll, Roberto Chiarvetto. Incident at Jebel Sherif. Editore Kuno Gross. Berlino, 2009 ISBN 0620420103
 Andrea Molinari, Desert raiders: Axis and Allied Special Forces 1940-43, Oxford, Osprey Publishing, 2007, ISBN 978-1-84603-006-2.
 Filippo Cappellano, Le artiglierie del Regio Esercito nella seconda guerra mondiale, Parma, Albertelli, 1998, ISBN 88-87372-03-9.
 Nicola Pignato, Cappellano, Filippo, Gli autoveicoli tattici e logistici del Regio Esercito italiano fino al 1943, Roma, Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito — Ufficio Storico, 2005.

Вооружённые силы Италии во Второй мировой войне


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Supervisor Hahn Appoints Cerritos' Ricardo Mota to the Policy Roundtable for Child Care and Development
April 15, 2022~Los Angeles, CA — Today LA County Supervisor Janice Hahn appointed Cerritos resident Ricardo Mota to serve on the County's Policy Roundtable for Child Care and Development, the 24-member body tasked with advising the Board of Supervisors on policy, systems, and infrastructure improvements for early care and education.
"As a leader and advocate for our communities, I am honored to be given the opportunity to improve access to quality childcare to families in Los Angeles County," said Ricardo.
In 1994, Ricardo began his career with the Human Services Association, a non-profit care provider. He was appointed its Chief Executive Officer last summer. During his time with HSA, Ricardo has worked to strengthen the overall financial health of an organization that provides critical services to families across the County. He holds degrees from University of California, Los Angeles and California State University, Long Beach.
"Robust networks of care for LA County's children are a top priority for me and for my colleagues on the Board," said Supervisor Hahn. "Ricardo's commitment to the wellbeing of families and children has been clear throughout his long career in the field. I'm glad to have him share his expertise with us."
The Policy Roundtable for Child Care and Development brings together community leaders in the fields of early childhood, education, business, economics and research and County departments representing child welfare, mental health, probation, public health, and parks and recreation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The board is in the process of a thorough review, revision and update of all school policies. As policies are considered and ultimately adopted, this section will continue to be updated. Board bylaws are available here.
532: Use of Peace Officers for Removal of Students with IEPs.


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Florida Tech Featured in 2018 World University Ranking
The Melbourne campus of Florida Institute of Technology, which was among 783 global universities featured in the 2018 RUR World University Ranking.
One of Just Six Florida Schools on New List
MELBOURNE, FLA. — Florida Institute of Technology is among the top universities in the world, joining Harvard, Imperial College in London, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne in Switzerland and fewer than 800 other institutions of higher education in the 2018 RUR World University Ranking.
Released this month, the ranking features 783 universities from 74 countries evaluated via 20 separate indicators grouped into Teaching, Research, International Diversity, and Financial Sustainability.
The rankings also used an examination of six subject areas to develop the list: humanities, life sciences, natural sciences, technical sciences, social sciences, medical sciences.
Florida Tech was one of just 135 U.S.-based universities on the list, and one of just six in Florida.
Harvard was the top university for the second year in a row, followed in the top five by University of Chicago, Caltech, Imperial College, Stanford University and MIT.
Data for the 2018 World University Ranking was compiled by Clarivate Analytics.
Find the full list at http://roundranking.com/.
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'This is our country. Ours,' sang people at the celebratory event in New York as they ran out into the street.
NEW YORK – As one of the greatest political upsets of our times was announced, at 2:43 A.M. early Wednesday morning, the crowds at Republican candidate turned President-elect Donald Trump's official victory party in New York went crazy.
"This is a historic night – the American people have spoken and the American people have elected their new champion," Vice President-elect Mike Pence said to wild "U.S.A., U.S.A." cheers as he introduced Trump.
"Amazing, incredible. God Bless America," called out the crowds as the president-elect took the stage, surrounded by his family.
"Sorry to keep you waiting. Complicated business, complicated business," Trump said, though it was unclear what businesses he was referring to.
The crowd stopped cheering as the president-elect, flanked by Pence and Trump's youngest son, Barron, began to speak about Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton.
"Ours was not a campaign but rather an incredible and great movement, made up of millions of hard-working men and women who love their country and want a better, brighter future for themselves and for their family," Trump continued, addressing a very well-heeled and carefully coiffed crowd, many dressed in expensive designer clothes that did not, at least on the surface, necessarily mesh with any such image.
"It is going to be a beautiful thing." he promised, adding that not only were things going to be "great" for America, but that this country would also "get along" with other nations.
"We will," he promised, have "great, great relationships" with the world, offering no details whatsoever. America, he added, "will no longer settle for anything less than the best."
The evening had begun over 10 hours earlier when long lines of exuberant Trump supporters flooded the New York Hilton in Midtown, cramming into the third-floor ballroom for the official victory party and overflowing into the bars and public spaces downstairs to drink, eat pizzas and mixed nuts, and cheer as their candidate began to take the lead in the election.
"Make America great again!" went one classic cheer. "Hillary for jail!" went another. Women, almost all of them in high heels and tight party dresses – red being the color of the night – hugged each other as one state after another went their way. "Call it already!" they yelled at the TV screens. "Screw you, CNN," shouted others.
At 2 A.M., Trump himself had yet to make it to the party from Trump Tower around the corner. A big cake of his likeness – furrowed brows, snarl on his face – was wheeled out. The stage had been set and ready for hours, and perky volunteers had already handed out all the red baseball caps emblazoned with the letters MAGA (an acronym of "Make America Great Again").
"She is so corrupt! No one can stand her. Down with the Clintons," one man in blue loafers toasted, raising his glass of vodka on the rocks. As Texas was called for Trump, people stood up and started clapping. When Ohio went to Trump, they began high-fiving. The result for North Carolina had people throwing their baseball caps in the air.
"What I want to see now is [comedian and well-known Trump detractor] Rosie O'Donnell and all the rest of those left-wing lesbians make right on their promise and leave the country," yelled one bald man. "U.S.A., U.S.A.," chanted the crowds. "Lock her up," called out a group of supporters wearing Mardi Gras beads.
As Clinton campaign chief John Podesta got on stage at the nearby Jacob K. Javits Convention Center to say the elections were still too close to call and that the Democratic candidate would make no further comment tonight, those watching on TVs in Trumpland jeered. Dozens gave the screen the finger. One person threw a handful of a slice of goat cheese pizza.
Three women snapped selfies by the TV monitors and with anyone who wanted to get in the frame. An Orthodox Jewish family with three young boys in tow, all in velvet kippot, rushed in late, excited and with handmade Trump signs.
A Hispanic bartender whistled. "Are you for Trump?" the man in the loafers quizzed him. The man shrugged.
Shouts of "Go Florida," "Go Trump," and "It's O-V-E-R," rang out as Florida went to Trump.
Actor Stephen Baldwin, one of the few celebrities at the party, and who broke with the rest of the Baldwin brothers to support Trump [older brother Alec Baldwin famously played – and mocked – Trump on Saturday Night Live], leaned against a wall outside the main ballroom, a smile playing on his face. "Hellooooooo POTUS," he said, laughing as he used the acronym for President of the United States.
"It's a private party" and "Space is very limited" were the stock replies received by the hundreds of supporters and journalists, especially those writing for foreign publications, who asked to enter the ballroom. Le Monde was turned away, as was Der Spiegel, while Al Arabiya news channel was barred from even coming into the hotel lobby and was forced to report from down the block.
"Your Prime Minister Netanyahu loves Trump because he is strong, and he understands that that is what is needed in this world today," a jeweler from Florida offered, upon seeing the flag.
As the night turned into early morning, supporters bonded, helped along not only by the unexpected Trump victory but also by the flowing alcohol. "This is our country. Ours," they sang, running out into nearby 53rd Street as the event wrapped up.
"U.S.A., U.S.A.," they called out into the street. "Lock her up, Lock her up," they chanted.


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Pulse Survivors Scheduled To Headline 'Ex-Gay' Rally
August 20, 2019 by Randy Slovacek
Luis Javier Ruiz (screen capture)
Two survivors of the Pulse Nightclub mass shooting who say they are no longer gay have been announced to headline an "ex-gay" rally in Orlando, Florida.
Luis Javier Ruiz and Angel Colon will take part in the so-called "Freedom March" scheduled to take place September 14 at Orlando's Lake Eloa Park, located just minutes from the site of Pulse Nightclub.
As Newsweek reports, organizers of the event say the point of the rally is to celebrate "freedom from homosexual/transgender lifestyles by the grace and power of Jesus Christ."
The Freedom March organization has held similar events across the U.S. The most recent rally was held in St. Paul, Minnesota, in June 2019.
Both Ruiz and Colon say they no longer identify as gay.
At the Freedom March in Washington, D.C. in May, Ruiz told NBC News, "I don't want to tell everyone it's a 'gay-to-straight' thing because God is not calling me to that."
"I feel that I want to live in a life of purity," he added. "I feel that through loving Christ, he will walk me out of any situation. I love the LGBTQ community, I love my family. There's no hate here—there's love."
During the Pulse massacre, Colon was reportedly shot six times and was trampled by club goers trying to escape the shooter. It would be two months before he would be able to walk again.
Colon recently appeared on a Christian podcast, The Roys Report, where he told the host the shooting was the impetus for him to renounce homosexuality.
"A couple months before June, I started praying to God and I told him, 'Lord, You know my situation, You know my heart, You know I want to worship you. But I cannot do it on my own will," he told host Julie Roys. "Please help me come back to you."
And according to Colon, on June 12, at 2:02 a.m., "everything just changed in an instant."
The two men have also founded an organization called 'Fearless Identity,' which encourages people to "reject their LGBT identities." According to Newsweek, forming the group was the mens' response to backlash for identifying as ex-gay.
Ruiz posted this video to YouTube where he explains being diagnosed as HIV-positive was what pushed him to 'reject' being gay.
(source: Newsweek)
Tags #ex-gay, #LGBTQ, #PulseNightclub, Orlando
What Are They Free From? Freedom Marchers Denounce Past Gay Lives and Gay Marriage In Pulse Shadow.
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13 users answered questions and rated the product on a scale of 0 to 10. The rating is 10/10 if you think that the WHIRLPOOL FWF81283W2FR is a sturdy product, which will last a long time before breaking down.
Is the FWF81283W2FR good value for money?
13 users answered questions and rated the product on a scale of 0 to 10. The rating is 10/10 if you think that the WHIRLPOOL FWF81283W2FR is really not expensive considering its features.


text:
Q: Python requests analogue for -X UNLINK curl request I have an example of curl request:
curl -X UNLINK
-H "Authorization: OAuth <>" -H 'Link: <https://some/my/url>; rel="relates"' "https://some/my/url"

I have already converted curl request with parameter -X LINK to SESSION.patch(...):
headers = {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    'Authorization': 'OAuth %s' % some_token
}
params = (
    ('notify', 'False'),
)

data = '{"links":[{"relationship":"relates", "key":"some_key", "origin":"some_url"}]}'
r = SESSION.patch('https://some/url, params=params, data=data)

But I how to implement -X UNLINK using requests?
As far as I know there is no method in requests.Session() like unlink()and .delete() is not allowed by API.

A: You can pass in custom verbs with the request() method:
SESSION.request('UNLINK', url, ...)

See the Custom verbs section of the Advanced section of the requests documentation.
The default methods like .get(), .post() and .patch(), are all just wrappers for .request(), explicitly setting the verb.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


At Acme Society, we hire every employee with the long-term vision. Working for Acme Society means being committed to the future of the group and being a part of this ever growing family. Our recruitment process ensures that we have the talents we need to ensure our growth and our future. The process also enables you to define your motivation and what you can bring to the company to help it achieve its aims.


text:
Home / Companies / GMD Shipyard Asbestos Exposure Lawsuit
GMD Shipyard Asbestos Exposure Lawsuit
By Karst & von Oiste LLP - on February 17, 2020
Last Updated: April 2nd, 2020
Were you exposed to asbestos in your work with GMD Shipyard or its products? If you have been diagnosed with mesothelioma or another asbestos-related disease, you could be entitled to compensation for your injuries. Keep reading to learn more about filing an asbestos claim against GMD Shipyard.
The GMD Shipyard is located in the Brooklyn Navy Yard in New York City. It is the biggest dry dock facility in the city and it employs hundreds of workers today.
GMD Shipyard was instrumental in World War II for the US Navy. Hundreds of ships were built and repaired at GMD Shipyard. In 1966, the Navy decommissioned the shipyard as well as the Brooklyn Navy Yard and sold them to the city. New York City turned the Brooklyn Navy Yard into commercial and industrial properties but kept the GMD Shipyard operating.
The current shipyard has two 1090 by 150 feet graving docks and 1,100 feet of wet berth. The shipyard also has almost every type of crane from 15-ton mobiles to 200-ton gantries (overhead traveling cranes). (GMDShipyard.com)
Today, the GMD Shipyard offers routine maintenance and emergency dry-dock service for New Jersey and New York ports. All services that are provided today at the GMD Shipyard are done according to the American Bureau of Shipping and US Coast Guard standards. The shipyard services ships for many clients, such as cruise lines, oil companies, the NY Dept. of Transportation, and the United States Coast Guard.
Asbestos Exposure at GMD Shipyard
Unfortunately, like most shipyards, GMD Shipyard used asbestos-containing materials for decades at its facilities. Asbestos is a toxic, fibrous mineral that has excellent resistance to heat and fire. But when asbestos is disturbed, billions of invisible fibers are released in the air. They can become permanently stuck in the lungs and eventually cause serious health problems, including mesothelioma.
Asbestos was often used at the GMD Shipyard because it was the perfect material for building ships. Asbestos was used in many parts used at GMD Shipyard, including gaskets, turbines, pumps, and boilers. (Asbestos.net).
Asbestos also was used for fire protection in engine rooms, galleys, and hallways. It was used for thermal insulation around boiler rooms, engines, and sleeping quarters.
The shipyard's workers did not know about the dangers of asbestos for much of the 20th century. They often worked in areas with poor ventilation and no safety gear. Many GMD Shipyard workers inhaled asbestos fibers for years and became seriously ill.
Shipyard Occupations at GMD Shipyard
The GMD Shipyard is a large facility that still employs hundreds of workers. During the 1940s and 1950s, it employed thousands of workers to produce many types of ships for various purposes, but largely for the US Navy. Most of the shipyard's workers worked hands-on with asbestos-containing materials. Some of the shipyard workers who faced the most asbestos exposure risk were:
Boilermakers
Electricians and plumbers
Fabric technicians
Flor and ceiling tile installers
Insulators and painters
Janitorial and cleanup personnel
Welders and metal fabricators
Studies Show Shipyard Workers Have Higher Rates of Asbestos-Related Health Problems
Many clinical studies have shown that shipyard workers, such as at GMD Shipyard, have a greater risk of mesothelioma, asbestosis, lung cancer, and other health problems.
For instance, a study in 2007 by NIH found that US shipyard workers have much higher rates of diffuse malignant mesothelioma from asbestos exposure from 1950 to 1964. The study authors noted that this was not surprising, given how much asbestos was used in shipyards at that time.
A study of 4,700 men and women who built ships in that period showed they had high rates of death from respiratory cancer and mesothelioma. Those mesothelioma deaths were mostly because of the high amounts of asbestos used at US shipyards. (NIH.gov)
The study also found that occupational health experts in the US knew of asbestos health risks and warned about it as early as the 1940s. But the US government and society failed to understand how dangerous asbestos was and how it does not break down in the human body.
It was not until doctors and scientists found higher levels of asbestos-related diseases in shipyard employees in the UK, US, and Netherlands in the 1960s that GMD Shipyard and others began to take asbestos risks more to heart.
Another clinical study performed by the Ulster Medical Society in 2008 showed that shipyard workers have a higher death rate from asbestosis. The mortality rate is 16 times higher than any other occupation. Many asbestosis deaths found in the study were on the coasts of the US, which is where most shipbuilding and repair is performed. (NIH.gov)
Were you an employee of any type at GMD Shipyard and been diagnosed with mesothelioma or an asbestos-related condition? You may be eligible to file a personal injury lawsuit or wrongful death mesothelioma lawsuit against the shipyard or the companies that provided asbestos-containing products to the shipyard. Some plaintiffs are awarded funds for medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. Talk to a licensed mesothelioma attorney near you as soon as you get a diagnosis to find out about legal options.
Get Mesothelioma Legal Help
With over $30 billion available for victims through the Asbestos Trust Funds, you could be entitled to financial compensations without ever filing a lawsuit. Mesothelioma & Lung Cancer victims qualify immediately. Complete the form or call us toll free (800) 352-0871


text:
Blackmail allegations prompt St. Louis official to investigate Gov. Eric Greitens
"The serious allegations against Missouri Governor Eric Greitens are very troubling," said St. Louis Circuit Attorney Kimberly Gardner.
Blackmail allegations prompt St. Louis official to investigate Gov. Eric Greitens "The serious allegations against Missouri Governor Eric Greitens are very troubling," said St. Louis Circuit Attorney Kimberly Gardner. Check out this story on news-leader.com: http://sgfnow.co/2mllqJ3
Will Schmitt, WSCHMITT@NEWS-LEADER.COM Published 4:59 p.m. CT Jan. 11, 2018 | Updated 8:06 p.m. CT Jan. 11, 2018
Missouri Gov. Eric Greitens delivers the annual State of the State address to a joint session of the House and Senate, Wednesday, Jan. 10, 2018, in Jefferson City, Mo.(Photo: Jeff Roberson, AP)
JEFFERSON CITY — St. Louis Circuit Attorney Kimberly Gardner says she will investigate allegations of blackmail raised against Gov. Eric Greitens, who admitted Wednesday night to cheating on his wife but denied claims that he threatened another woman.
"The serious allegations against Missouri Governor Eric Greitens are very troubling. After further consideration, I have decided to launch a formal investigation into the alleged actions of Governor Greitens," Gardner said in a statement.
Greitens' attorney, James Bennett, expressed confidence that the governor would not be found guilty of any wrongdoing and reiterated that the affair took place almost three years ago.
"The Governor is very confident he will be cleared in any investigation," Bennett said. "This is a three-year-old personal matter that presents no matters of public or legal interest. The facts will prove that fully. As we learned today, these false allegations are being advanced by political adversaries."
KMOV, a St. Louis television station, first reported that Greitens was admitting to an affair Wednesday night, a report that almost completely overshadowed the second State of the State address the Republican governor delivered hours before.
KMOV's report describes allegations that not only did Greitens have a sexual relationship with a woman in 2015, but he allegedly blindfolded her and photographed her in a state of undress before allegedly telling her "you're never going to mention my name." The report, which is based on a conversation the ex-husband apparently recorded without the woman's knowledge, says that Greitens apologized and deleted the picture afterward.
Greitens, in statements made through Bennett, has admitted the affair but has denied the allegations of blackmail and the existence of the alleged photograph. Bennett released a statement Wednesday night saying in part that "the claim that this nearly three-year-old story has generated or should generate law enforcement interest is completely false."
In the statement, Gardner encouraged anyone with information to contact her office and described her inquiry as a way to "hold public officials accountable."
"It is essential for residents of the City of St. Louis and our state to have confidence in their leaders," Gardner's statement continued. "They must know that the Office of the Circuit Attorney will hold public officials accountable in the same manner as any other resident of our city. Both parties and the people of St. Louis deserve a thorough investigation of these allegations."
Through a spokeswoman, Attorney General Josh Hawley deferred to the local prosecuting authority. He had been asked by lawmakers to investigate.
"Under Missouri law, jurisdiction over alleged criminal conduct of this nature rests with the Prosecuting Attorney in the place where the conduct occurred," said Loree Anne Paradise, Hawley's official spokeswoman. "If the Prosecuting Attorney has a legal conflict or lacks the resources to pursue an investigation, he or she may seek assistance from the Missouri Association of Prosecuting Attorneys and the Attorney General's Office."
The allegations described in KMOV's report, if true, would have taken place when Greitens was living in the jurisdiction of the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department in March 2015. A St. Louis police spokesperson told the News-Leader that "no one has contacted the police department" regarding the alleged incident.
Reactions start to flow as Missouri governor admits affair, denies blackmail photo
Missouri Gov. Greitens admits to extramarital affair before taking office
'Many Missourians still struggle,' Greitens says while pledging to keep working
Read or Share this story: http://sgfnow.co/2mllqJ3
Best high schools in Springfield metro area? U.S. News released a list
Springfield man dies from gunshot injuries
Two people injured in shooting at Kum & Go
Moment-by-moment account of duck boat sinking
ZZ Top Springfield tickets go on sale Friday
4 injured when boat explodes at Table Rock Lake


I am not a designer, but I see an UI element communicate by its color, shape, position, contrast, focus and of course text. The new UI in 2013 definitely eliminated some of those attributes for some elements.
So far, the only big difference I see is the integration of SkyDrive so that documents can be readily saved in to the cloud and retrieved any where. At another level, going towards subscriptions could be a game changer for Microsoft.
But when it comes to the UI, I find it boring and am little disappointed.


text:
Mario José Molina Henríquez () a fost un chimist mexican, laureat al Premiului Nobel pentru Chimie (1995).

Note

Nașteri în 1943
Decese în 2020
Chimiști mexicani
Laureați ai Premiului Nobel pentru Chimie
Laureați mexicani ai Premiului Nobel

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
USC Upstate Professor Accepted into Summer NASA Program
Dr. Edward Donovan, adjunct professor of biology and physical science at the University of South Carolina Upstate, has been accepted into NASA's "Lunar Workshop for Educators" program being held June 27-July 1, 2016, at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
This workshop will focus on lunar science, exploration and how new data from current and recent lunar missions is growing and changing our understanding of the Moon. Participants will learn about the latest discoveries in lunar science from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) which has allowed scientists to measure the coldest known place in the Solar System, map the surface of the Moon in unprecedented detail and accuracy, find evidence of recent lunar geologic activity, as well as characterize the radiation environment around the Moon and its potential effect on future lunar explorers.
Donovan, a retired fifth- and sixth-grade science teacher from Spartanburg County School District Five, was trained in 1998 as a NASA Educator Workshop (NEW) educator at the NASA Langley Research Center in Langley, Va. Since then, he has been actively involved with NASA, the Mars Exploration Program, and now Earth's moon studies and research, presenting science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM) workshops and in-service programs at the district, state, regional and national levels.
In 2015, Donovan became an official NASA MAVEN Ambassador upon his completion of the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) program at the Goddard Space Flight Center. MAVEN is the space probe that arrived at Mars in 2014 to explore the planet's upper atmosphere, ionosphere and interactions with the sun and solar wind. Data from MAVEN will provide insight into the planet's atmospheric history, climate and planetary habitability.


text:
UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES)
Language Short Courses
SSEES Alumni
SSEES Library
SSEES on Ukraine
T&C's and Cancellations
UCL SSEES Short Course fees must be paid in full in advance.
If a student informs UCL SSEES, in writing, that s/he wishes to withdraw from a Short Course two or more weeks before the start of term, their course fees will be refunded in accordance with our cancellation policy below.
If a student informs UCL SSEES, in writing, that they wish to withdraw from a Short Course less than two weeks before the start of term, their course fees will not be refunded.
No partial refund will be given for any classes not attended.
If a class is postponed for any reason (including, but not limited to Bank Holidays, teacher illness, personal circumstances and transport issues), the teacher will reschedule the date. They will attempt to reschedule the class for a date which is most convenient for the majority of students, however, if a student is unable to attend the rescheduled class, a partial refund will not be will offered.
Once a student has enrolled, it is not possible for them to defer.
UCL SSEES cannot accept responsibility for any unforeseen changes in a student's circumstance that may prevent them from attending a Short Course.
UCL SSEES reserves the right to cancel a course if the number of enrolments fails to reach the minimum number required to run a class. In the event of course cancellation all fees paid in advance will be refunded in full.
Should a student enrol on a course which is oversubscribed and we are unable to run additional classes, we reserve the right to cancel their place on the course. In the event of this happening, a full refund of all fees paid in advance will be given.
UCL SSEES reserves the right to replace a Short Course tutor if unavoidable.
UCL SSEES Short Course students must be over 18 years of age.
UCL/ University of London (UoL) Associates - UCL and UoL students, alumni and staff (including UCLH), as well as UCL staff relatives, are eligible for a discount on fees when enrolling for 2 terms (20 lessons) or 3 terms (30 lessons) in advance. Please note, if you enroll for 2 terms at the discounted rate and then decide you would like to enroll for term 3, the full fee for one term will become payable. To qualify, you will need to bring in to the office or email proof of entitlement at the time of enrolment, for example a photocopy, scan or clear photo of a valid student or staff card, an alumni card, or a degree certificate. We are not able to offer payment in instalments.
In accordance with our cancellation policy, course fees will only be processed if a student informs UCL SSEES in writing that they wish to withdraw from a Short Course two or more weeks before the start of term.
Any cancellations made less than two weeks before the start of term will NOT receive a refund.
Because of the substantial subsidy offered to UCL students, we are unable to refund any of their course fees unless they have enrolled for a minimum of 3 terms in advance.
Refunds for students registered for ONE TERM.doc
cancellation1.doc
Refund for students enrolled for TWO TERMS.doc
Refunds for students registered for THREE TERMS.doc
Course Structure & Term Dates
T&Cs and Cancellations
UCL facilities
About UCL
UCL Bloomsbury Theatre
UCL Shop
UCL locations
UCL and London
UCL Global
Connect with UCL
Copyright © 2023 UCL


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text:
Hillsdale Forum
an independent, student-run magazine at Hillsdale College
Lady Bird simply sings. It is a triumph—an era-defining coming of age story in the same vein as The Graduate, The Breakfast Club, and The Garden State—that is sure to have a similar impact on those who grew up in the early 2000s. While being wholly novel and refreshing in its approach, Greta Gerwig's coming-of-age debut seems so well-known, so personal, and so honest that it has reached the status of an instant classic overnight and won the hearts of audiences everywhere.
Lady Bird follows the bold Christine "Lady Bird" McPherson, a bright young woman who is determined to break free of the confines of suburban Sacramento and plunge into the metropolitan by going to college out East "where writers live in the woods." She feels restricted by her hometown and her Catholic high school she jokingly dubs "Sacred Fart." Yet, as she comes to comes to terms with her environment, Lady Bird explores the complex relationship she has with her family and hometown with a realism and vulnerability rarely seen on film.
Like most young adults who think they know it all, Lady Bird knows what she wants out of life, but still has a lot of life to learn. As she navigates through her senior year, she deals with first loves, losses, and her oh-so-complicated relationship with her mother. Lady Bird moves at the pace of life. All at once it seems as if nothing is happening, yet things are whirling by—each moment is entertaining and captivating and seems to blur into the next.
What makes Lady Bird so special is how it treats its characters. Even the smallest of characters have a rich story to offer. They all add depth, personality, and purpose to the story. Life is examined so eloquently and tenderly in this film that Lady Bird hits nearly every emotion one can feel. Lady Bird will make you laugh, cry, wax nostalgic, and pine for home. It's an incredibly original and realistic film that poignantly paints what being 17 feels like.
Kayla Stetzel graduated in 2017 with a degree in Marketing Management.
Hillsdale Forum March 13, 2018
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text:
ACCEPTED

#### According to
Index Fungorum

#### Published in
null

#### Original name
Gonohymenia mesopotamica J. Steiner

### Remarks
null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


For international payments, Blyth Academy has partnered with PayMyTuition by MTFX. PayMyTuition is simple and easy to use. With PayMyTuition international students can pay their tuition and fees in their local currency from any bank, in any country, in any currency at better than bank exchange rates.
Enter the amount you want to pay and select your preferred payment method. Payment options include bank transfers, debit/cards in your home currency, electronic and eWallet payments and other local options.


We all have travel horror stories. We obviously try our best to avoid them. But sometimes, we run towards them without even realising.
Our time to visit Bangkok arrived and we were excited to visit the Thai capital. We flew late at night from Phuket and arrived at our destination at about 2.30am.
We booked a cheap hotel in Bangkok around Khaosan Road. The area is famous for its bars and nightlife. It's a busy area of the Thai capital and quite turist-y too with lots of accommodation options. We just picked one that we thought was a good deal.
What we didn't know was how badly maintained the hotel was! As soon as we set foot at the reception we knew something was wrong, like really wrong.
As we approached the reception desk to announce our arrival, the men behind the counter simply kept his earplugs on and asked for our passports in a rather annoyed mood. We did as requested and were abruptly asked for 500 Baht which we had to find out was for the key deposit. Soon after we made the deposit, our very polite receptionist threw the keys on the counter and proceeded to ignore us again.
As if that wasn't welcoming enough, we found ourselves looking for our room with our bags on our back on a set of gloomy corridors with filthy walls around us. We finally figured that we had to go upstairs, which didn't seem to look any better.
Once we found the right floor we made our way to the narrow aisle that led to our room. As we opened the door, an unsurprising host was patiently waiting for us, le cockroach. As if we weren't even expecting for anything different, we killed our inconvenient roommate and made our way into the room.
Our eyes started inspecting every inch of the room and with horror with noticed way too many stains of body fluids, dust and a toilet that was without doubt dirtier than any public restroom we've been too in the whole of Asia.
We confabulated about the possibility of trying to find a new place to sleep but soon gave up the idea, questioning our ability to get a new (and better) room at 3:30 in the morning.
Our hopes weren't too high but we decided to go back to the reception and try to save ourselves from sleeping with a dead roach and a moth (that was also sharing the room with us).
It was already 4am. We finally decided on spending the few hours left of the night in our nightmare room and find a new room as soon as we would wake up.
Without even taking off our clothes, we covered the bed with our sarongs and beach towels and felt asleep.
After 5 hours of sleep, the warmth of our room woke us up and we promptly grabbed our stuff to run away as fast as possible. We made our way downstairs and found a smiley lady looking slightly dazzled by our desperation.
We explained the situation and she promised to file a refund with our booking agency. As we had booked through agoda.com our money couldn't be refunded straight away.
We left feeling a little defeated but still hopeful to find a better room for our 3 night-stay in Bangkok. After walking literally 2 blocks, we found a clean (and cockroach free!) room for the same price. Win, win!
Also, after exchanging a few emails with Agoda.com they offered us a full refund for our booking gone sour. Phew! Thanks agoda.com.
What are some of your travel fails? Have you ever slept in similar conditions? Where? Share your experiences with us. We'd love to hear from you.


text:
Department Ropers
High Harmonic Generation
High Harmonic Generation (HHG)
High harmonic generation (HHG) is a laser-driven process which allows for creating extreme-UV and X-ray radiation while preserving the high quality of the laser beam. In our lab, we employ HHG as a source for lensless microscopy, where nanoscale images of investigated samples are retrieved from scattering diffraction signals via a computer algorithm, without the need for optical elements.
We employ a two-color generation scheme to control the polarization state of the emitted harmonics [Kfir et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 (2016) ] and thus can investigate chiral systems or magnetic materials via x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD).
Recently, we demonstrated the first magnetic imaging using high-harmonic radiation [Kfir et al., 2017]. By employing an advanced detection scheme for weak scattering signals, we are currently reaching sub-20 nm spatial resolution, below the illuminating wavelength. Our combination of dichroic imaging with holographically-enhanced diffractive imaging allows us to extract the small dichroic signals independently from waveguiding effects in the sample [Zayko et al., 2016; Kfir et al., 2017]. With this approach, we reach spatial resolutions and image qualities competitive to those obtained at large-scale facilities such as synchrotrons, free-electron lasers for much shorter wavelengths.
This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 752533
"Ultrafast high-harmonic nanoscopy of magnetization dynamics" openaccess
S. Zayko, O. Kfir, M. Heigl, M. Lohmann, M. Sivis, M. Albrecht, C. Ropers
Nat. Commun. 12, 6337 (2021) [arXiv]
"Observation of fluctuation-mediated picosecond nucleation of a topological phase"
F. Büttner,, B. Pfau, M. Böttcher, M. Schneider, G. Mercurio, C. M. Günther, P. Hessing, C. Klose, A. Wittmann, K. Gerlinger, L.-M. Kern, C. Strüber, C. von Korff Schmising, J. Fuchs, D. Engel, A. Churikova, S. Hu
Nat. Mater. 20, 30-37 (2021)
"Chiral high-harmonic generation and spectroscopy on solid surfaces using polarization-tailored strong fields" openaccess
T. Heinrich, M. Taucer, O. Kfir, P. B. Corkum, A. Staudte, C. Ropers and M. Sivis
"Strong-field nano-optics"
P. Dombi, Z. Pápa, J. Vogelsang, S. V. Yalunin, M. Sivis, G. Herink, S. Schäfer, P. Groß, C. Ropers, and C. Lienau
Rev. Mod. Phys. 92, 025003-1 (2020)
"A dynamical symmetry triad in high-harmonic generation revealed by attosecond recollision control" openaccess
S. Zayko, O. Kfir, E. Bordo, A. Fleischer, O. Cohen, C. Ropers
New J. Phys. 22, 053017 (2020)
"Interlocked attosecond pulse trains in slightly bi-elliptical high harmonic generation" openaccess
E. Bordo, O. Kfir, S. Zayko, O. Neufeld, A. Fleischer, C. Ropers, O. Cohen
J. Phys. Photonics 2, 034005 (2020)
"Tailored semiconductors for high-harmonic optoelectronics"
M. Sivis, M. Taucer, G. Vampa, K. Johnston, A. Staudte, A. Y. Naumov, D. M. Villeneuve, C. Ropers, P. B. Corkum
Science 357, 303-306 (2017)
"Nanoscale magnetic imaging using circularly polarized high-harmonic radiation"
O. Kfir, S. Zayko, C. Nolte, M. Sivis, M. Moeller, B. Hebler, S. S. P. K. Arekapudi, D. Steil, S. Schaefer, M. Albrecht, O. Cohen, S. Mathias, C. Ropers
Sci. Adv. 3, eaao4641 (2017) [arXiv]
"Polarization contrast of nanoscale waveguides in high harmonic imaging" openaccess
S. Zayko, M. Sivis, S. Schaefer, C. Ropers
Optica 3, 239-242 (2016)


text:
New World RealtyPhone: (508) 699-0608
The Major Benefits & Drawbacks to VA Loans
by New World Realty 11/25/2022
If you're a veteran, a VA loan might seem like the perfect option for financing a home. However, there are some important differences between VA and conventional loans which could affect your decision. Here are some of the major pros and cons of VA loans to help you make the best financial choice:
VA Loan Pros
VA loans do not require a down payment, which could potentially save you thousands of dollars on your home purchase. Conventional loans require down payments of a minimum of 3% of the home's purchase price, and higher down payments are often encouraged in tough markets. However, with a VA loan you can skip the down payment step.
No PMI
Private Mortgage Insurance is required by lenders if you fail to meet a specific financial criteria. Examples could be a lower than normal down payment, low credit score or a high debt-to-income ratio. The policy protects the lender in case you default on the loan. VA loans don't require you to buy a PMI policy, saving you time and money.
No Prepayment Penalty
Some loan options on the market charge a penalty for paying off your mortgage before the end of its established term. VA loans don't have any penalties for prepayment, so you're free to spend your money however you choose.
VA Loan Cons
VA Funding Fee
VA loans do come with a specific upfront cost called a funding fee. Funding fees go toward keeping VA loans available to future veterans. There are some ways to be exempt from paying the fee, but it's a mandatory expense in most cases.
Primary Residences Only
Another major drawback to VA loans is that they are restricted based on property use. You can only use a VA loan to finance a primary residence. Therefore, you couldn't use it to buy a vacation home, rental property or other type of investment.
Is a VA loan the right choice for you? Consider these pros and cons when making your decision to determine whether it's the best solution for your homebuying needs.
Funding Fee
Homebuyer
Primary Residences
New World Realty
The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site comes in part from the Internet Data Exchange/Broker Reciprocity Program of Property Information Network, Inc. . Real estate listings held by brokerage firms other than New World Realty are marked with the Internet Data Exchange/Broker Reciprocity logo and detailed information about them includes the name of the listing brokers. The broker providing this data believes it to be correct, but advises interested parties to confirm them before relying on them in a purchase decision. Information is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed. © 2023 Property Information Network, Inc.. All rights reserved. Updated: 01/30/2023 03:43 AM
The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site comes in part from the Internet Data Exchange/Broker Reciprocity Program of Rhode Island Association of REALTORS® & State-Wide MLS . Real estate listings held by brokerage firms other than New World Realty are marked with the Internet Data Exchange/Broker Reciprocity logo and detailed information about them includes the name of the listing brokers. The broker providing this data believes it to be correct, but advises interested parties to confirm them before relying on them in a purchase decision. Information is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed. © 2023 Rhode Island Association of REALTORS® & State-Wide MLS. All rights reserved. Updated: 01/30/2023 03:43 AM


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Ptolémée (en grec ancien ), né en 270 et mort vers 234 av. J.-C., est un roi d'Épire de la dynastie des Éacides. Il est un petit-fils de Pyrrhus.

Biographie
Ptolémée est le second fils d'Alexandre II, roi d'Épire, et d'Olympias II. Il règne conjointement avec son frère Pyrrhus II, d'abord sous la régence de leur mère.
Son règne effectif est bref puisque selon Justin, il perd la vie peu de temps après lors d'une expédition militaire contre les Etoliens. Il aurait succombé à une maladie. Cependant, selon Polyen, il aurait été assassiné. La nièce de Ptolémée, Deidamie, à la tête des forces épirotes, se serait emparée d'Ambracie en représailles.

Notes et références

Bibliographie
 Pierre Cabanes L'Épire de la mort de Pyrrhos à la conquête romaine (271-167 av. J.-C.), Faculté de lettres de Clermont-Ferrand, 1976.
 .

Roi d'Épire du IIIe siècle av. J.-C.
Date de naissance incertaine (IIIe siècle av. J.-C.)


text:
Modestia ist:
 lateinisch für Bescheidenheit
 (370) Modestia, ein Asteroid des Hauptgürtels
 ein Synonym für Roxita, eine Schmetterlingsgattung in der Familie der Crambidae (Rüsselzünsler)

Siehe auch: Modest, Modestas, Modesto (Begriffsklärung), Modestus, Pluralis modestiae


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What Is VC?
Understanding VC
VC vs. Angel Investors
A Day in the VC Life
Venture Capital FAQs
Private Equity & VC
Venture Capital: What Is VC and How Does It Work?
What you need to know to unlock long-term growth potential
Cierra Murry
Reviewed by Cierra Murry
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Investopedia / Michela Buttignol
What Is Venture Capital (VC)?
Venture capital (VC) is a form of private equity and a type of financing that investors provide to startup companies and small businesses that are believed to have long-term growth potential. Venture capital generally comes from well-off investors, investment banks, and any other financial institutions.
However, it does not always take a monetary form; it can also be provided in the form of technical or managerial expertise. Venture capital is typically allocated to small companies with exceptional growth potential, or to companies that have grown quickly and appear poised to continue to expand.
Though it can be risky for investors who put up funds, the potential for above-average returns is an attractive payoff. For new companies or ventures that have a limited operating history (under two years), venture capital is increasingly becoming a popular—even essential—source for raising money, especially if they lack access to capital markets, bank loans, or other debt instruments. The main downside is that the investors usually get equity in the company, and, thus, a say in company decisions.
Venture capital financing is funding provided to companies and entrepreneurs. It can be provided at different stages of their evolution, although it often involves early and seed round funding.
Venture capital funds manage pooled investments in high-growth opportunities in startups and other early-stage firms and are typically only open to accredited investors.
Venture capital has evolved from a niche activity at the end of the Second World War into a sophisticated industry with multiple players that play an important role in spurring innovation.
Understanding Venture Capital
In a venture capital deal, large ownership chunks of a company are created and sold to a few investors through independent limited partnerships that are established by venture capital firms. Sometimes these partnerships consist of a pool of several similar enterprises.
One important difference between venture capital and other private equity deals, however, is that venture capital tends to focus on emerging companies seeking substantial funds for the first time, while private equity tends to fund larger, more established companies that are seeking an equity infusion or a chance for company founders to transfer some of their ownership stakes.
History of Venture Capital
Venture capital is a subset of private equity (PE). While the roots of PE can be traced back to the 19th century, venture capital only developed as an industry after the Second World War.
Harvard Business School professor Georges Doriot is generally considered the "Father of Venture Capital." He started the American Research and Development Corporation (ARD) in 1946 and raised a $3.5 million fund to invest in companies that commercialized technologies developed during WWII. ARDC's first investment was in a company that had ambitions to use x-ray technology for cancer treatment. The $200,000 that Doriot invested turned into $1.8 million when the company went public in 1955.
Hit From the 2008 Financial Crisis
The 2008 financial crisis was a hit to the venture capital industry because institutional investors, who had become an important source of funds, tightened their purse strings. The emergence of unicorns, or startups that are valued at more than a billion dollars, has attracted a diverse set of players to the industry. Sovereign funds and notable private equity firms have joined the hordes of investors seeking return multiples in a low-interest-rate environment and participated in large ticket deals. Their entry has resulted in changes to the venture capital ecosystem.
Westward Expansion
Although it was mainly funded by banks located in the Northeast, venture capital became concentrated on the West Coast after the growth of the tech ecosystem. Fairchild Semiconductor, which was started by eight engineers (the "traitorous eight") from William Shockley's Semiconductor Laboratory, is generally considered the first technology company to receive VC funding. It was funded by east coast industrialist Sherman Fairchild of Fairchild Camera & Instrument Corp.
Arthur Rock, an investment banker at Hayden, Stone & Co. in New York City, helped facilitate that deal and subsequently started one of the first VC firms in Silicon Valley. Davis & Rock funded some of the most influential technology companies, including Intel and Apple. By 1992, 48% of all investment dollars went into West Coast companies; Northeast Coast industries accounted for just 20%.
According to Pitchbook and National Venture Capital Association (NVCA), the situation has not changed much. During the fourth quarter of 2021, West Coast companies accounted for more than one-third of all deals (but more than 60% of deal value) while the Mid-Atlantic region saw just around one-fifth of all deals (and approximately 20% of all deal value).
In the fourth quarter of 2021, though, much of the action shifted to the Midwest: The value of deals rose 265% in Denver and 331% in Chicago. While the number of West Coast deals is waning, the San Francisco Bay Area still dominates the VC world with 630 deals worth $25 billion.
American VC-backed companies raised nearly $330 billion in 2021–roughly double the previous record of $166.6 billion set in 2020.
Help From Regulations
A series of regulatory innovations further helped popularize venture capital as a funding avenue.
The first one was a change in the Small Business Investment Act (SBIC) in 1958. It boosted the venture capital industry by providing tax breaks to investors. In 1978, the Revenue Act was amended to reduce the capital gains tax from 49% to 28%.
Then, in 1979, a change in the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) allowed pension funds to invest up to 10% of their assets in small or new businesses. This move led to a flood of investments from rich pension funds.
The capital gains tax was further reduced to 20% in 1981.
These three developments catalyzed growth in venture capital and the 1980s turned into a boom period for venture capital, with funding levels reaching $4.9 billion in 1987. The dot-com boom also brought the industry into sharp focus as venture capitalists chased quick returns from highly-valued Internet companies. According to some estimates, funding levels during that period went as high as $30 billion. But the promised returns did not materialize as several publicly-listed Internet companies with high valuations crashed and burned their way to bankruptcy.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Venture Capital
Venture capital provides funding to new businesses that do not have access to stock markets and do not have enough cash flow to take debts. This arrangement can be mutually beneficial: businesses get the capital they need to bootstrap their operations, and investors gain equity in promising companies.
There are also other benefits to a VC investment. In addition to investment capital, VCs often provide mentoring services to help new companies establish themselves, and provide networking services to help them find talent and advisors. A strong VC backing can be leveraged into further investments.
On the other hand, a business that accepts VC support can lose creative control control over its future direction. VC investors are likely to demand a large share of company equity, and they may start making demands of the company's management as well. Many VCs are only seeking to make a fast, high-return payoff and may pressure the company for a quick exit.
Pros & Cons of Venture Capital
Provides early-stage companies with the capital needed to bootstrap operations.
Unlike bank loans, companies do not need cash flow or assets to secure VC funding.
VCs can also provide mentoring and networking services to help a new company secure talent and growth.
VCs tend to demand a large share of company equity.
Companies that accept VC investments may find themselves losing creative control as their investors demand immediate returns.
VCs may also pressure a company to exit their investment rather than pursue long-term growth.
Types of Venture Capital
Venture capital can be broadly divided according to the growth stage of the company receiving the investment. Generally speaking, the younger a company is, the greater the risk for investors.
The stages of VC investment are:
Pre-Seed: This is the earliest stage of business development when the founders try to turn an idea into a concrete business plan. They may enroll in a business accelerator to secure early funding and mentorship.
Seed Funding: This is the point where a new business seeks to launch its first product. Since there are no revenue streams yet, the company will need VCs to fund all of its operations.
Early-Stage funding: Once a business has developed a product, it will need additional capital to ramp up production and sales before it can become self-funding. The business will then need one or more funding rounds, typically denoted incrementally as Series A, Series B, etc.
Venture Capital vs. Angel Investors
For small businesses, or for up-and-coming businesses in emerging industries, venture capital is generally provided by high net worth individuals (HNWIs)—also often known as "angel investors"—and venture capital firms. The National Venture Capital Association (NVCA) is an organization composed of hundreds of venture capital firms that offer to fund innovative enterprises.
Angel investors are typically a diverse group of individuals who have amassed their wealth through a variety of sources. However, they tend to be entrepreneurs themselves, or executives recently retired from the business empires they've built.
Self-made investors providing venture capital typically share several key characteristics. The majority look to invest in well-managed companies, that have a fully-developed business plan and are poised for substantial growth. These investors are also likely to offer to fund ventures that are involved in the same or similar industries or business sectors with which they are familiar. If they haven't worked in that field, they might have had academic training in it. Another common occurrence among angel investors is co-investing, in which one angel investor funds a venture alongside a trusted friend or associate, often another angel investor.
The Venture Capital Process
The first step for any business looking for venture capital is to submit a business plan, either to a venture capital firm or to an angel investor. If interested in the proposal, the firm or the investor must then perform due diligence, which includes a thorough investigation of the company's business model, products, management, and operating history, among other things.
Since venture capital tends to invest larger dollar amounts in fewer companies, this background research is very important. Many venture capital professionals have had prior investment experience, often as equity research analysts; others have a Master in Business Administration (MBA) degree. Venture capital professionals also tend to concentrate on a particular industry. A venture capitalist that specializes in healthcare, for example, may have had prior experience as a healthcare industry analyst.
Once due diligence has been completed, the firm or the investor will pledge an investment of capital in exchange for equity in the company. These funds may be provided all at once, but more typically the capital is provided in rounds. The firm or investor then takes an active role in the funded company, advising and monitoring its progress before releasing additional funds.
The investor exits the company after a period of time, typically four to six years after the initial investment, by initiating a merger, acquisition, or initial public offering (IPO).
Like most professionals in the financial industry, the venture capitalist tends to start his or her day with a copy of The Wall Street Journal, the Financial Times, and other respected business publications. Venture capitalists that specialize in an industry tend to also subscribe to the trade journals and papers that are specific to that industry. All of this information is often digested each day along with breakfast.
For the venture capital professional, most of the rest of the day is filled with meetings. These meetings have a wide variety of participants, including other partners and/or members of his or her venture capital firm, executives in an existing portfolio company, contacts within the field of specialty, and budding entrepreneurs seeking venture capital.
At an early morning meeting, for example, there may be a firm-wide discussion of potential portfolio investments. The due diligence team will present the pros and cons of investing in the company. An "around the table" vote may be scheduled for the next day as to whether or not to add the company to the portfolio.
An afternoon meeting may be held with a current portfolio company. These visits are maintained regularly in order to determine how smoothly the company is running and whether the investment made by the venture capital firm is being utilized wisely. The venture capitalist is responsible for taking evaluative notes during and after the meeting and circulating the conclusions among the rest of the firm.
After spending much of the afternoon writing up that report and reviewing other market news, there may be an early dinner meeting with a group of budding entrepreneurs who are seeking funding for their venture. The venture capital professional gets a sense of what type of potential the emerging company has, and determines whether further meetings with the venture capital firm are warranted.
After that dinner meeting, when the venture capitalist finally heads home for the night, they may take along the due diligence report on the company that will be voted on the next day, taking one more chance to review all the essential facts and figures before the morning meeting.
Trends in Venture Capital
The first venture capital funding was an attempt to kickstart an industry. To that end, Georges Doriot adhered to a philosophy of actively participating in the startup's progress. He provided funding, counsel, and connections to entrepreneurs.
An amendment to the SBIC Act in 1958 led to the entry of more novice investing in small businesses and startups. The increase in funding levels for the industry was accompanied by a corresponding increase in the number of failed small businesses. Over time, VC industry participants have coalesced around Doriot's original philosophy of providing counsel and support to entrepreneurs building businesses.
Growth of Silicon Valley
Due to the industry's proximity to Silicon Valley, the overwhelming majority of deals financed by venture capitalists are in the technology industry—the internet, healthcare, computer hardware and services, and mobile and telecommunications. But other industries have also benefited from VC funding. Notable examples are Staples and Starbucks, which both received venture money.
Venture capital is also no longer the preserve of elite firms. Institutional investors and established companies have also entered the fray. For example, tech behemoths Google and Intel have separate venture funds to invest in emerging technology. In 2019, Starbucks also announced a $100 million venture fund to invest in food startups.
With an increase in average deal sizes and the presence of more institutional players in the mix, venture capital has matured over time. The industry now comprises an assortment of players and investor types who invest in different stages of a startup's evolution, depending on their appetite for risk.
Data from the NVCA and PitchBook indicate that venture-backed companies have attracted a record $330 billion in 2021, compared to the total of $166 billion seen in 2020—which was already a record. Large and late-stage investments remain the main drivers behind the strong performance: Mega-deals of $100 million or more have already hit a new high-water mark.
Another noteworthy trend is the increasing number of deals with non-traditional VC investors, such as mutual funds, hedge funds, corporate investors, and crossover investors. Meanwhile, the share of angel investors has gotten more robust, hitting record highs, as well.
Late-stage financing has become more popular because institutional investors prefer to invest in less-risky ventures (as opposed to early-stage companies where the risk of failure is high).
But the increase in funding does not translate into a bigger ecosystem as deal count or the number of deals financed by VC money. NVCA projects the number of deals in 2022 to be 8,406—compared to 12,362 in 2020.
Why Is Venture Capital Important?
Innovation and entrepreneurship are the kernels of a capitalist economy. New businesses, however, are often highly-risky and cost-intensive ventures. As a result, external capital is often sought to spread the risk of failure. In return for taking on this risk through investment, investors in new companies are able to obtain equity and voting rights for cents on the potential dollar. Venture capital, therefore, allows startups to get off the ground and founders to fulfill their vision.
How Risky Is Making a Venture Capital Investment?
New companies often don't make it, and that means early investors can lose all of the money that they put into it. A common rule of thumb is that for every 10 startups, three or four will fail completely. Another three or four either lose some money or just return the original investment, and one or two produce substantial returns.
What Percentage of a Company Do Venture Capitalists Take?
Depending on the stage of the company, its prospects, how much is being invested, and the relationship between the investors and the founders, VCs will typically take between 25 and 50% of a new company's ownership.
What Is the Difference Between Venture Capital and Private Equity?
Venture capital is a subset of private equity. In addition to VC, private equity also includes leveraged buyouts, mezzanine financing, and private placements.
How Does a VC Differ From an Angel Investor?
While both provide money to startup companies, venture capitalists are typically professional investors who invest in a broad portfolio of new companies and provide hands-on guidance and leverage their professional networks to help the new firm. Angel investors, on the other hand, tend to be wealthy individuals who like to invest in new companies more as a hobby or side-project and may not provide the same expert guidance. Angel investors also tend to invest first and are later followed by VCs.
Venture capital represents an central part of the lifecycle of a new business. Before a company can start earning revenue, it needs enough start-up capital to hire employees, rent facilities, and begin designing a product. This funding is provided by VCs in exchange for a share of the new company's equity.
The Business History Conference. "The Rise and Fall of Venture Capital," Pages 6-8.
Harvard Business School. "Arthur Rock."
The Business History Conference. "The Rise and Fall of Venture Capital," Page 8
National Venture Capital Association. "Venture Monitor Q4 2021."
United States Department of Treasury. "Report to Congress on the Capital Gains Tax Reductions of 1978."
U. S. Congress. "S. 209, The ERISA Improvements Act of 1979: Summary and Analysis of Consideration," Page 69.
The Business History Conference. "The Rise and Fall of Venture Capital," Page 10.
United States Congress. "H.R.4242 - Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981."
Wall Street Mojo. "Dotcom Bubble."
Intel Capital. "Intel Capital Invests $132 Million in 11 Disruptive Technology Startups."
Google Ventures. "Home."
Starbucks. "Starbucks Commits $100 Million as Cornerstone Investor in Valor Siren Ventures I."
NVAC. "Venture Monitor Q2 2021," Page 3.
Business Basics Guide
Business Ethics: Definition, Principles, Why They're Important
Business Plan: What It Is, What's Included, and How To Write One
Organizational Structure for Companies With Examples and Benefits
Which Type of Organization Is Best For Your Business?
What Are the Major Types of Businesses in the Private Sector?
Corporate Culture Definition, Characteristics, and Importance
What Is an S Corp?
LLC vs. Incorporation: Which Should I Choose?
Private Company: What It Is, Types, and Pros and Cons
Sole Proprietorship: What It Is, Pros & Cons, Examples, Differences From an LLC
What Is Bootstrapping? What It Means and How It's Used in Investing
Crowdfunding: What It Is, How It Works, Popular Websites
Seed Capital: What It Is, How It Works, Example
Startup Capital Definition, Types, and Risks
Capital Funding: Definition, How It Works, and 2 Primary Methods
Series Funding: A, B, and C
Small Business Administration (SBA): Definition and What It Does
Upper Management
What is the C Suite?: Meaning and Positions Defined
Chief Executive Officer (CEO): What They Do vs. Other Chief Roles
Operations Management: Understanding and Using It
Human Resource Planning (HRP) Meaning, Process, and Examples
Brand: Types of Brands and How to Create a Successful Brand Identity
What Is Brand Personality? How It Works and Examples
What Is Brand Management? Requirements, How It Works, and Example
What Is Brand Awareness? Definition, How It Works, and Strategies
Brand Loyalty: What It Is, and How to Build It
Brand Extension: Definition, How It Works, Example, and Criticism
What Is Social Networking?
Affiliate Marketer: Definition, Examples, and How to Get Started
What Is Commercialization, Plus the Product Roll-Out Process
Digital Marketing Overview: Types, Challenges, and Required Skills
Direct Marketing: What It Is and How It Works
Marketing in Business: Strategies and Types Explained
What Are Marketing Campaigns? Definition, Types, and Examples
Researching the Market: How to Conduct Market Research, Types, and Example
Micromarketing Explained: Definition, Uses, and Examples
Network Marketing Meaning and How It Works
Product Differentiation: What It Is, How Businesses Do It, and the 3 Main Types
Target Market: Definition, Purpose, Examples, Market Segments
What Is a Sales Lead? How It Works and Factors Affecting Quality
Indirect Sales
What Is Inside Sales? Definition, How It Works, and Advantages
Equity Financing: What It Is, How It Works, Pros and Cons
Companies seek equity financing from investors to finance short or long-term needs by selling an ownership stake in the form of shares.
Venture Capital-Backed IPO Definition
A venture capital-backed IPO refers to selling to the public shares in a company that has previously been funded primarily by private investors.
Venture Capitalists Definition: Who Are They and What Do They Do?
A venture capitalist (VC) is an investor who provides capital to firms with high growth potential in exchange for an equity stake.
What Does an Investor Do? What Are the Different Types?
Any person who commits capital with the expectation of financial returns is an investor. Common investment vehicles include stocks, bonds, commodities, and mutual funds.
Venture Capital Funds: Definition for Investors and How It Works
Venture capital funds invest in early-stage companies and help get them off the ground through funding and guidance, aiming to exit at a profit.
Seed capital is the money raised to begin developing a business or a new product. It might cover only the essentials such as a business plan and operating expenses.
Private Equity vs. Venture Capital: What's the Difference?
How to Raise Seed Capital and Grow Your Startup
Being a Venture Capitalist: A How-to Guide
How to Become a Venture Capital Associate
The Risks and Rewards of Investing in Startups
The Basics of Financing a Business


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Crankshaft Balancing Act
Steve Morris of Steve Morris Engines gives a master class on crankshaft balancing, why it's balanced and what you're actually accomplishing for a performance engine.
Zeroing on Performance
When it comes to balancing a rotating assembly, engine builders have varying takes on what is acceptable and not in terms of reaching a zero balance – that is within 1 gram plus or minus. We recently got the run down on crankshaft balancing from Steve Morris of Steve Morris Engines in Muskegon, MI. He gave us a master class that covered all the steps of how a crankshaft is balanced, why it's balanced and what you're actually accomplishing when balancing a crankshaft for a performance engine.
Balancing a crankshaft, in theory, may sound simple. However, there's a decent amount involved in getting the balance set right, so sometimes it can be a quick process and sometimes it's not. For those same reasons, crankshaft balancing can sometimes be expensive and sometimes less so, depending on the job.
To begin a balance job, you cannot simply throw your crankshaft on the balancer and spin it without have some form of simulation of what the pistons, rods and everything weighs.
"You have to figure out your bobweights," Morris says. "The bobweight consists of what is connected to the crankshaft – what is spinning around (on the crank journal) and what is going up and down in the cylinder (rods and pistons). Anything rotating around is called rotating weight, and anything going up and down is called reciprocating weight. You'll need to weigh these components, but note that you'll only need to weigh one rod, one piston, two bearings, one set of rings, etc., rather than all of your components. The machine does that math for you."
Starting with the big end of your connecting rod, you'll use your scale and a special fixture to suspend the other end to get that weight. Note – make sure your scale is zeroed out before you weigh these components. On the fixture, the rod needs to be parallel, and the small end of the rod suspended.
In Steve's example, his connecting rod weight was 424.6 grams. On your balancer's input screen, you'll go to your bobweight numbers to enter in this weight in the appropriate spot on the rotating weight side.
The next thing your balancer will want to know is your bearing insert weight. Steve's bearing's – the upper and lower crankshaft bearings – weighed 40.9 grams. Next, you'll need to enter how many rods per throw are on your crankshaft. Obviously, on a V8, we're going to have two connecting rods per throw. On a 4-cylinder you'd only have one rod per throw. Something like a straight six will have a different rod throw configuration. Steve's example follows a standard V8 engine design.
"At this point in the balancing process, you've got your connecting rod big end weight, your bearing weight and the number of rods per throw," Morris says. "The machine will also want to know your oil weight, because yes, there is oil weight involved. Typically, you're between 3-5 grams, and I typically use 5 grams for that number."
Those numbers combined give you your rotating weight. Now, you'll move on to figure out your reciprocating weight. The first item up is the connecting rod's small end or pin end. Again, zero out your scale and reverse what you did when measuring your rod's big end. Make sure your connecting rod is level, square and parallel to the scale so you don't get any bogus readings.
Steve's small end of the rod weighed in at 177.5 grams. You'll want to enter this into the balancer's reciprocating weight entry point. And, you can check that you weighed both rod ends correctly by weighing the total weight of the rod, which in Steve's case came to 602.3 grams. His big and small-end weights of 424.6 plus 177.5 came to 602.1, which demonstrates he was weighing the rod correctly.
"If you don't have your rod angle parallel when measuring each end on the scale, it can skew those numbers, so measuring the entire rod is a good idea to check you did it correctly," he says. "It should weigh what both halves weigh together."
Next, you'll need the piston weight, which you'll want to weigh by itself – no rings or wrist pins. In Steve's example, his piston weight came to 520.4 grams. This weight is entered into the reciprocating weight data. Next, you'll weigh the pin, which for Steve came to 184.2 grams. And, his particular piston has pin buttons, which hold the pin in from going anywhere and provides support for the oil ring. Those get weighed as well.
"I like pin buttons better than a support rail, but they do add a little bit of weight," he says. "When we use the pin button, that means we don't use any kind of spiral lock or clip. The two commonly seen pin supports are a spiral lock with an oil support rail or a pin button. Those are two methods of holding that piston pin from moving back and forth."
Next, you'll weigh your piston rings, which in Steve's case came to 51 grams. All those weights factor into your reciprocating weight, which came to 950.7 grams for Steve. His total reciprocating weight, when you factor in the other rod and piston per throw, came to 1,901.4 grams.
"With the way a crankshaft operates, rods and pistons are opposed from one another," Morris says. "One is going up in the cylinder as the other is going down. For that reason, you use the original total reciprocating weight you got, which again was 950.7 grams."
Adding that reciprocating weight (950.7) to the rotating weight (936), gave Steve a total of 1,886.7 grams to use for his bobweight. That's what's getting simulated.
"If we change our balance factor from 50% to 51%, which is an overbalance, or 49%, which is an under balance, it changes how heavy the bobweight will be," Morris says. "At 49%, the bobweight would be 1867.7 grams and at 51% it would be 1905.7 grams. Performance engines will run anywhere from 48%-52% very easily and you'll never know it.
"There is some math involved, but for racing classes such as Comp Eliminator, Pro Stock and NASCAR Cup series, they'll underbalance or overbalance, because in an underbalance situation, they tend to accelerate better. In an overbalance situation, they tend to maintain high rpm better. You're actually not balancing it "correctly" because 50% is the generally accepted ASE method. As racers, we can change and manipulate those bobweights to achieve better acceleration or better high rpm performance."
In general, 50% is what Morris says he'll use for everything his shop does, from big rpm to big horsepower, and it works great with no problems. Now that you have your bobweight number, you'll want to add that weight to your actual bobweight. You can do this in halves or do the whole thing at once. Steve says he prefers doing the whole thing at one time.
Start by zeroing your scale and weighing the bobweight itself, and from there you add weights until you get your desired number. As you add weight, be sure that you're doing it equally for each side of your bobweight. If you happen to be off by one or two tenths of a gram, it's not a huge deal.
"We're not going to worry about that because something as light as a single post-it note weighs nearly a gram, so being off a tenth or two is insignificant," he says. "Once you have your bobweight together, you'll need to locate it on the crankshaft. What we're trying to do is get the number one rod throw straight up and down. Use a level to ensure the bobweight is on the crank properly. It's a little bit more art than science here.
"Each bobweight goes on the crankshaft 90-degrees from each other. Once you have your bobweights placed on the crank, the machine needs to know how far away the bearing is from the other bearing and what the tolerance is. You'll also want to make sure your balancing in a plane versus a force, because your bobweights are on two different sides."
Steve suggests balancing at 500 rpm, which is a typical, standard balancing rpm. You can balance at other rpms, but that doesn't seem to have any bearing. As long as the machine is operating correctly, it should pick up the balance as much as it does at 700 rpm or 1,000 rpm.
"When you see how fast this thing is turning, you'll see that 500 rpm is a lot, so imagine what's going on when it's at 1,000 rpm – not even idle speed," he says. "Imagine how fast stuff is moving at 10,000 rpm!"
Once the balancer begins spinning the crankshaft, each column of the balancer, which holds the crankshaft in place, has sensors on it to pick up vibrations and movement outside the range you've set. The balancer also tells you what position the balance is off at – front or rear on the crank. All positions are either straight up or straight down. That's where the calculations are factored.
When Steve did his initial balance, the crankshaft, which he got used, was out of balance by 41 grams in the front and 24.5 grams in the rear.
"It's asking us to add weight," he says. "If it was asking us to remove weight, we'd use the drill and machine a whole in the counterweight to sneak up on the right balance, moving back and forth between the front and rear counterweights.
"Your other option is to put the crankshaft up in a lathe and balance the counterweight by machining the whole counterweight. Either route you go, you have three planes to choose from in terms of the counterweights to correct. The outer-most counterweight does the most to change the balance and the inner-most counterweight does the least."
One thing to keep in mind as you do your balance job is that very few things today are externally balanced anymore. All good race engine stuff is internally balanced, so you don't have to have the crankshaft balancer or the flywheel or flex plate on the crank.
"Those things are neutral balanced," Morris says. "You can if you want to, but you don't have to. You also never remove or add weight to the balancer or the flex plate. You only do it on the crankshaft because you want to be able to change the balancer and change the flex plate without having to go in and rebalance everything. That's why you always do all your balancing within the crankshaft only.
"If we have to add weight, we don't simply add on metal or weld pieces on – that's a lower-end way of doing things. What we always do is we simulate what weight needs to be added to the crank using a bolt at first."
When adding weight to the crankshaft, you use what is called mallory metal, which is quite a bit heavier than the steel of the counterweights. When adding mallory, you should always press it into the side of the crankshaft counterweight rather than the top.
"Pressing it into the side makes it impossible for any weight to come out as the crankshaft is rotating around," Morris says. "If someone were to weld mallory into a hole on the top of the counterweight, a lot times what can happen is it can fly off the crank and shoot through your oil pan, causing oil to drain onto the track and likely sending you into the wall. That's why if you need to add weight, we always add mallory metal into the side. We even add a little bit of weld to ensure that it will never slide back and forth."
In Steve's example, he added a bolt to the rear of the crank that weighed 40 grams and a bolt to the front that weighed 24 grams, both positioned at 12 o'clock. That's what the balancer was asking for.
"The machine is giving us a reference number," he says. "I have never had the machine tell me to put 25 grams right here and I put 25 grams right there and it was exactly right. It never does that, so always sneak up on the correct balance. You want to measure twice and cut once."
After Steve added his simulated weight and re-spun the crank, the balance was still out by 8 grams in the rear and 6 grams in the front.
"I know now that we're going to add a little bit more material there," he says. "Once you have your final weight simulated, then you'll drill your holes and press in the correct mallory metal and ensure the balance is where you want it.
"One thing to keep in mind – an overbalance or underbalance can be off by 20 grams. Do you really think 6-8 grams really matters? I'm here to tell you it doesn't. When the crank is spinning inside the crankcase and oil is coming through and getting shed off and there's windage, everything changes. This is the pragmatic way of doing things. This is not just theory of what's supposed to be done. This stuff works because we do it every day and I prove it out all the time."
Next time you're looking to get a balance job done or doing one yourself, consider that a simple balance job could take 1-2 hours, and a big balance job could take several hours to get right. Don't take any shortcuts and you'll be happy with your engine's performance. EB
In this article:balancing, crankshafts


A screenshot of the original Washington Post job advertisement for social media editor, posted 6/20/14 and the revised version.
The original Washington Post job description created ripples among those who follow media industry developments.
Zak referred follow-up questions on her tweet to a spokeswoman at Dow Jones & Company, who declined to comment.
Norm Matloff, a professor of computer science at University of California, Davis, who has spoken out against age discrimination in the tech industry, said his main observation was how obvious the ad was.
Journalist Mike Lange, 71, was among those who saw the original job description.
Lange, from St. Albans, Maine, said he covers five towns and three school districts as part of his job as a staff reporter at The Piscataquis Observer, a weekly paper. He said he manages several Facebook pages for various organizations, including the Maine Press Association.
"There are many people my age who have embraced technology simply because it's very easy to learn," he added.