Beginning and sticking to a wholesome weight loss plan can generally seem inconceivable. Trained nutrisystem web site is round $ day by day calories to drop extra pounds calculator to such. Simply by switching to a better protein and decrease carb weight loss program, and including some weight coaching to your routine, you can obtain important weight reduction over the long run. Chopping off carbs is the primary step to drop some weight quick. I've also misplaced more weight more steadily and now not eat my emotions.
Few of us have the time (or endurance) to maintain monitor of all the numbers involved in weight reduction—energy eaten, energy burned, steps taken, and so forth. That's why fitness trackers have been invented. Click on Right here to drop some weight (burn fats) and construct muscle at the similar time however… Start right here Should you're extraordinarily obese. When you're not paying attention, you might be utterly unaware of the consuming behavior that is affecting your weight and your well being When you do not think about what or how a lot you eat, you possibly can mindlessly shovel food into your mouth all day and by no means understand that you're overeating.
Motivation: Helping folks discover a manner of consuming with low carb that promotes strong well being outcomes and sustainable weight loss and upkeep. Many people change sugar with synthetic sweeteners within the perception that this can reduce their calorie intake and cause weight reduction. Some individuals expertise only minimal weight loss. Without being in a calorie deficit, you merely won't drop extra pounds as you are not giving your body a cause to turn to fat as gas.
It isn't uncommon to lose as much as 10 pounds (generally extra) within the first week of consuming this fashion, both body fats and water weight. Try to eat half your body weight in water ounces, Virgin suggests; a a hundred and fifty-pound individual would drink 75 ounces a day. Even in case you're only using almond flour and sweeteners snacking on baked items and cookies normally provides extra consuming if you're not hungry… and yes, this may decelerate weight loss.
Usually, people who are making an attempt to lose or maintain weight are better off sticking to the structure of three scheduled meals and a snack or two eaten across the similar time each day. Working all out sprints adopted by intervals of resting is another great solution to burn fat and make it easier to drop some weight faster. Effectively, in case your aim is to drop pounds I recommend following all the tips above, together with consuming an LCHF weight loss program.
sixteen Ways To Obtain A Wholesome Weight Ignore These Pinterest PINS!
otisshipp400 is using Hatena Blog. Would you like to try it too?


text:
class CreateCheckouts < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.2]
  def self.up
    create_table :checkouts do |t|
      t.references :user, index: true, foreign_key: true
      t.references :item, index: true, foreign_key: true, null: false
      t.references :checkin, index: true, foreign_key: true
      t.references :librarian, index: true
      t.references :basket, index: true
      t.datetime :due_date
      t.integer :checkout_renewal_count, default: 0, null: false
      t.integer :lock_version, default: 0, null: false
      t.timestamps
    end
    add_index :checkouts, [:item_id, :basket_id], unique: true
  end

  def self.down
    drop_table :checkouts
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
David Arquette Happy To Reunite With Ex Courteney Cox In 'Scream'
David Arquette reunited with ex-wife Courtney Cox for the fifth installment of Scream, and the actor is delighted, calling it a "cathartic experience" to be acting opposite Cox again.
The exes join their old friend and castmate Neve Campbell as they return to Woodsboro, California to investigate another series of murders by the Ghostface killer.
Scroll down below for more on this story, including comments Arquette made about Cox and their relationship, as well as more details on the new Scream movie.
Meeting And Falling In Love On Set
The actors met and fell in love on the set of the first Scream movie back in 1996. David once joked that he had to trick Cox into falling for him.
"Was it love at first sight? For me it was, but not for her," he said. "I had to trick her. We met at a pre-party before we started filming Scream. I was being a little cocky and Courteney was like, 'Ah, I've heard of you,' and we just kept flirting for a while. She's just so gorgeous and she jokes around so much."
Vanessa Hudgens In Bikini Enjoys' Vacation Mode'
Four Secrets To Keeping Your Body Toned
David Begged Courtney To Get Back With Him
While Cox previously stated that divorce is not an option for her, the pair decided to separate in 2010 and officially divorced after three years.
In an interview, Arquette admitted that the breakup was largely because of his unpredictable and kooky antics.
He also revealed that soon after their separation, he begged Cox to get back with him.
"It breaks my heart," he said of their decision to separate. "I've been begging Courteney to get back with me."
Keep scrolling to find out what he said about working with Cox again.
How Vanessa Hudgens Really Feels About Ex Austin Butler and Kaia Gerber's Relationship
Reuniting Feels "Cathartic"
Scream | Instagram
Even after they divorced, the two remained friends and co-parent their teenage daughter Coco together.
Arquette explains that he is happy to be reuniting with Cox on set again. "It's a cathartic experience to just be able to act opposite Courteney," Arquette said to New York Times. "It's been 25 years of our lives. We've grown up together. We have a child together."
He also said on Late Night with Seth Meyers that he is grateful to have been cast in the franchise because he met Cox there.
"Thank God for [director] Wes Craven because I got a baby out of it," he said.
Scream Coming Soon
The fifth installment of the franchise titled Scream, which started back in 1996 and has continued to be a success, features the return of the iconic Ghostface killer in the town of Woodsboro. Sheriff Dewey, Gale Weathers and Sidney Prescott have to team up once again to stop the killings.
New cast members are added into the mix, including Jenna Ortega, Dylan Minnette, Jack Quaid, and Melissa Barrera.
Scream opens in UK and US cinemas on January 14, 2022. Watch the trailer below:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Prime Benefits
Why Healthcare?
Careers by Hospital
Prime Healthcare Services
Boonton Township, NJ
BH Clinician I-CSP-Part-Time in Boonton Township, NJ at Prime Healthcare
This is Prime Healthcare
Committed to Quality, Compassionate Care, and Service to the Community.
Founded in 2001, Prime Healthcare has emerged as one of the nation's leading hospital systems. Prime Healthcare was founded by Dr. Prem Reddy, a physician with a mission to save hospitals, improve community healthcare and provide the very best care to patients.
Our philosophy is that all healthcare is local. Each of our hospitals serve the unique needs of their communities while providing exceptional care with the strength and support of Prime Healthcare. Through a physician-directed and patient-centered model, passionate dedication to quality, evidence-based best practices, operational efficiency, technology and capital investment, our hospitals are recognized among the best in the nation. Prime Healthcare has been named a "15 Top Health System" by Truven and our hospitals are consistently among the "Top 100 Hospitals" in the country.
Prime Healthcare stands apart from others by its unique ability to save and transform hospitals. We have been named the "fastest growing hospital system" in the country by Modern Healthcare. And as we continue to grow and fulfill our mission of "saving hospitals, saving jobs and saving lives," we remain committed to delivering exceptional care, and creating a legacy that will improve healthcare.
Prime Healthcare and the not-for-profit Prime Healthcare Foundation employ nearly 40,000 people and own and operate 45 acute care hospitals in Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Texas. Prime Healthcare was recognized as a Top 15 Health System in the nation in 2012 and 2013. It also earned the distinction in 2008.
Responsibilities Provides clinical services to youth and family including crisis intervention strategies, when indicated. Participates in interdisciplinary treatment team Meetings, record keeping, and consultation and education. Develops interventions based on youth needs and practices utilization management.
LCSW preferred; LPC, LCADC license for independent practice level required. (If the employee holds one or more of these licenses, primary source verification must be tracked annually).
Master's in Counseling, Psychology or Social Work.
We are an Equal Opportunity/ Affirmative Action Employer and do not discriminate against applicants due to veteran status, disability, race, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation or other protected characteristics. If you need special accommodation for the application process, please contact Human Resources. EEO is the Law: https://www.eeoc.gov/sites/default/files/migrated_files/employers/poster_screen_reader_optimized.pdf
Therapist Jobs
Social Worker Jobs
Jobs in Denville, New Jersey
Therapist Jobs Denville, New Jersey


Take a look at my other similar plugin called WeaponsPlus!
Please post your problems in the discussion area before writing a bad review. Most problems are caused by your own mistakes and when there's a feature missing, you can suggest it and I will add it to the plugin.
ArmorPlus is a plugin that adds a bunch of new armor sets and tool sets. All of these armor and tools have unique and fun abilities. The plugin is very customizable and you can disable every armor set and tool in the configuration. This plugin was intended to be used on Survival and PvP servers, but can be used on any server that has interest in any of the features. The plugin comes with permissions, so you can use features of the plugins as rank perks! Certain armor abilities have sounds and effects since version 1.3.7!
Emerald Armor, this armor set is diamond armor with very strong enchantments. It gives a great use for all those useless emeralds you've got laying around!
Levithian Armor, this is a special armor designed for fast transport. If you have the full set, you're able to double jump! Fall damage is also reduced. *new* optional cooldown! Set it in the config!
Ender Armor, this armor gives you the ability to teleport like an enderman using arrows! Just shoot an arrow while wearing the full set and you'll teleport wherever it lands. *new* optional cooldown! Set it in the config!
Power Armor, this armor makes you really buffy. It multiplies the amount of damage you deal by a number which can be set in the config. The default value of 1.2 means that you'll do 1.2 times more damage as normal!
Fiery Armor, this armor is hot stuff! It allows you to swim through lava and walk through fire without taking any damage! Perfect for a vacation in the nether!
Porkchop Armor, this armor will refill your hunger bar when it gets low! You can configure how much damage the armor will take when this happens and when the hunger should refill!
Hop Armor, if you sneak with this armor you'll get launched into the air! You can configure how high the launch is! *new* optional cooldown! Set it in the config!
Pace Armor, if you right click with sugar while wearing this armor, you'll get a speed boost! A cooldown can be set in the config and the time and modifier of the effect can also be set in the config!
Obsidian Armor, if you right click with a fire charge while wearing this armor, you'll get resistance! A cooldown can be set in the config and the time and modifier of the effect can also be set in the config!
Haste Armor, if you break a block with this armor, you'll get a haste boost meaning that you'll be able to mine other blocks quicker! Make sure to keep mining becuase the haste effect only lasts for a second or two! Configurable options.
*NEW* Shield Armor, if you right click with a golden nugget while wearing this armor, you'll get additional hearts! (Absorption) You can set an optional cooldown in the config and you can also choose the duration and amount for the effect in the config!
*NEW* Tnt Armor, if a mob hits you while wearing this armor an explosion will fire! You are immune to any type of explosion while wearing the armor and there's a cooldown between each explosion. You can set the explosion intensity in the config!
Emerald Sword: This is a basic diamond sword (which can be enchanted). However, if you try blocking your sword, you'll get knocked back! This is extremely useful in pvp fights or mob fights in which you need a quick escape! The knockback modifier can be set in the config! *new*: Has a configurable cooldown!
Emerald Axe: This automatically converts the logs you chop into planks! It supports all the different wood types and data values!
Emerald Pickaxe: This special pickaxe breaks not only the mined block, but also every block around it! Useful for clearing big areas or mining efficiently!
Emerald Shovel: This special pickaxe also breaks all the adjacent blocks!
Levithian Sword: This fine sword sets players on fire and slices through them like butter!
Levithian Axe: This axe automatically turns all the mined logs into charcoal! No need to go mining or waste fuel anymore!
Levithian Pickaxe: This pickaxe autosmelts certain blocks: More below!
Levithian Shovel: This shovel autosmelts certain blocks: More below!
Iron Bow: This bow shoots arrows much further and faster than regular arrows! You can set the factor in the config!
tl;dr: Use armorplus.ARMOR for the USE permission and armorplus.ARMOR.craft for the CRAFT permission.
The config allows you to enable/disable the recipes and features and it also allows you to modify certain features!
As of version 1.7.2 you can now change the names of all the tools and armor! PLEASE NOTE THAT BY CHANGING NAMES, OLD TOOLS WILL NO LONGER WORK!
As of version 1.7.3 you can now change the lore and armor material, this will still allow old armors to work!
As of version 1.8 you can now add multiple lines of lore, take a look at the default config for examples.
As of version 1.11 you can now specify which color you want the leather armor to be. The color is in RGB values (Red, Green, Blue).
Important: As of version 1.9, the config layout has been changed. Older configs will not work with the newer versions! To fix this you simply delete the old config and restart the server (with the new version of ArmorPlus installed).
# This is the config file for ArmorPlus, you can change which recipes and features you want to enable.
# You can also modify the power modifier, the double-jump modifier, the knockback modifier and amount of planks dropped here. And more!
# IMPORTANT: Changing amror and tool names will make it so that old armor and tools can no longer be used!
# Changing the lore of items or the material will not override old items, meaning that old armor will still work!
The plugin comes with optional WorldGuard support! If you have WorldGuard installed, players will not be able to use the tools inside the WorldGuard region. Their tools will not be able to reach protected regions either.
You must use WorldGuard 6.x for this to work!
Since version 1.9.3 GriefPrevention is supported as well! ArmorPlus will automatically detect GriefPrevention if it's installed and players are not able to use tools inside the regions.
Since version 1.5.0 mcMMO is supported!
You can enable or disable mcMMO support in the config. If mcMMO isn't installed, it will automatically turn mcMMO support to false.
The plugin is built on mcMMO version 1.5.01-SNAPSHOT and it will NOT work with older versions of mcMMO.
And the shovels will gain the player Excavation XP.
The amount of XP can be configured in the config.
If any of these plugins are installed, the plugin will make sure tools will be logged.
Please report any bugs with the untested plugins. I was unable to test them due to not having a MySQL database available!
Since version 1.7.0, factions and towny are supported. You just have to have them installed for the plugin to register it.
Please note that factions is UNTESTED but it should work fine.
If you have any issues, please make sure to tell me so I can fix them asap.
Since version 1.7.0, you can choose to disable tools or armor in specified worlds. You can set which worlds to disable tools or armor in in the config.
Please give me suggestions I can add almost anything you want!
If you need any help installing or are having any issues, don't hesitate to send me a message!
Please note that all of these items are not "custom textured" items. They are items that are in the game which the plugin recognizes and adds custom features to them!
AkenBii, MaxvellBitch và Kempit thích điều này.
Premium Plugins Micro Battles - PVP MINIGAME // Multiarena - 25% OFF until 50 buyers!


The safety of ship under collision has been developed in terms of navigational and structural aspects. These efforts are aimed to provide more safety from the internal part of a ship. However, in a collision, the external dynamics also needs to be considered, for instance velocity and location. In this study, these parameters are applied and observed regarding on a series of ship-container collision scenario. A freight container is used in the first stage and behaviours such as internal energy and effective stress are summarized. An alternative design so called buffer container is presented to offer better protection to a liquid cargo. The second stage is started by applying similar collision scenario as the first stage to the buffer container and comparing structural behaviour of this analysis. It is obtained that leakage possibility can be reduced on the buffer design as the strength has become approximately twice better than the freight container.


This is the same catalog as the digital one you can download for free.
66 pages (5" by 8.5") with all descriptions of our Flower, Gem and Enviromental essences. Including the Combination Formulas, Sprays and Hydrosols.


Monday 21st January 2019 has been labelled Blue Monday as it is apparently the most depressing day of the year.
This is based on the fact that by this point most people have given up on their resolutions, it's still a couple of weeks until payday, Christmas memories are fading and the days are dark & cold.
Pop into Photomatic and take a few silly photos. There are plenty of accessories to help you get creative!
Take a stroll along Brighton Palace Pier and treat yourself to a stick of Brighton Rock; candyfloss; fish 'n' chips or a bag of doughnuts.
Relive your childhood in the Wizard's Attic at Hove Museum or at the Brighton Toy & Model Museum.
Hop on a bus and explore the South Downs Countryside with stunning views at sites including Devil's Dyke, the Seven Sisters and The Chattri memorial.
Visit Brighton Museum & Art Gallery to see Salvador Dali's famous sofa inspired by Mae West's lips.
Visit one of the city's parks and green spaces such as Stanmer Park, The Level or Preston Park Rockery.
Get a local's view of the city with a free Greet.
GLOBALLS at Brighton Marina makes crazy golf even crazier with glowing neon Dinosaurs & animals.
Explore the Lanes & North Laine for some window shopping or even grab a bargain in the January sales.
From Brighton Marina join the Undercliff Walk to Saltdean for dramatic views of the coastline.
See Birds, Bones & Butterflies at the Booth Museum.
Take time out for a moment of calm and be creative at the Painting Pottery Café.
Take a walk along the music tunnel to see depictions of the music legends who have been linked to the city.
Treat yourself to a delicious meal – it's a Monday night in January so most restaurants will have special offers on.
For more ideas of things to do use the search bar above or why not check out the Accommodation section and really cheer yourself up by extending your day-trip into a mini break?


text:
1. "Chocolate Town"
2. "Pot Luck"
3. "Ooh Vah Lah"
4. "So Many People in the Neighborhood"
5. "Linda (the Sexy Dancer)"
6. "That Man (from the Flatland)"
7. "Happy Colored Marbles"
8. "Hey There Fancypants"
9. "If You Could Save Yourself (You'd Save Us All)"
10. "It's Gonna Be a Long Night"
11. "Oh My Little Country Cottage"
12. "Among His Tribe"
13. "Transdermal Celebration"
14. "Captain"
15. "Tried and True"
16. "I Fell in Love Today"
1. . "I Don't Want It"
2. "Ambrosia Parsley"
3. "Zoloft"
4. "Love Come Down (9-11-01)"
5. "Alcan Roadc"
6. "Don't Let the Moon Catch You Cryin'"
7. "You Can Go Shit in Your Hat (Matt)"
8. "Someday"
9. "Marble Tulip Juicy Tree"
10. "She Caught My Fancy"
11. "Eulogy for David Anderson"
12. "Things You Already Know"
13. "Hello Johnny"
14. "I'm Wide Open"
Released on Facebook in 2011
Deaner released this as a MP3 download on Facebook.
Here's his post...
"well what can i say about this here, lemme see. the first thing that comes to mind is that all the while we were doing this we still had claude coleman on drums, he eventually got into a major car wreck and wasn't around when it finally came time to make the "real" record. instead the drum duties fell on me, josh freese, and sim cain for a couple of tunes. almost all of this was recorded at our beach house in holgate, nj onto 16 track tape. a tiny bit of it was recorded in the garage behind aaron's house in pt. pleasant, pa. some of it was recorded in the spare bedroom of my house in new hope. most of the tunes are just me and aaron, with the two of us playing everything, with me on drums. the songs with claude, dave, and glenn are pretty obvious. on just a few tunes we took what you hear here and cleaned them up and had andrew weiss mix them for the record after some overdubs. dave sings on "it's gonna be a long night", this was days before he had surgery to remove polyps in his throat and his voice was really rough so we figured he was the guy for the job. This isn't even all of the tunes that we ended up choosing from, just the ones i happened to burn to cd before we drove home from the beach every week. hope you dig it for what it is."
Ween.net a lifestyle circa 1995
Copyright © 2015 Ween.Net, All Rights Reserved.
news | bio | tour dates | discography | side projects | faq | links | contact | facebook


The Autumn 2013 Earthing Faith gathering will take place in Milton Keynes with a focus on food and sustainability. The gathering will link locally, reflecting on a theology of food, and focus globally by exploring diocesan link projects in South Africa and discussing the impact of the Enough Food for Everyone If campaign, as well as hearing from World Vision on environmental footprint issues.
There will be an opportunity to connect with the MK Justice and Peace Network, MK Christian Environment Group, the Well at Willen and World Vision, as well as buy fruit, veg and plants produced on the MK Christian Foundation Urb Farm project.


Low rider sporting technique is usually usual associated with different car sporting approaches.
Know more about ninja motorcycle in detail. Go through given intro to ninja motorcycle providing you in-depth information about its features & functionalities.
Know more about ninja motorcycle nomenclature. Go through given details and get to read useful details about Nomenclature for Kawasaki ninja motorcycle.
Know more regarding description and features of ninja motorcycle. Go through given review and learn about description and features of Kawasaki ninja motorcycle.
Welcome to the comprehensive online resource to learn more about ninja motorcycle!!
It presents you the detailed information about ninja motorcycles, also known as Kawasaki ninja motorcycle as they are being manufactured by well known producers of motorcycles, Kawasaki Motors.
Ninja Kawasaki motorcycle is basically a sport motorcycle which was originally introduced by Kawasaki Motors in 1983. The Ninja motorcycles introduced by Kawasaki are among the bestsellers motorcycles in the market. They are a rage among new as well as experienced bikers because of various features such as its light handling, good fuel economy, and comfortable riding posture. You will get to read more detailed information about ninja motorcycle here at this dedicated resource to Kawasaki resource ninja motorcycle. The resource is designed with an aim of helping know complete info about Kawasaki ninja motorcycle so that you need not to search anywhere else.
In nutshell, it will act as your complete guide to ninja motorcycle. So, browse through the resource to know more about world famous Kawasaki ninja motorcycles!!
Find useful info about dual purpose motorcycles by Kawasaki, producers of famous Ninja motorcycles. Read given details to learn more on dual purpose motorcycle.
Explore detailed info about second generation ninja motorcycle. Read given review highlighting important features of Kawasaki second generation ninja motorcycle.


text:
Privacy Policy of futurartshop.com
Wonder srl - Via Acate 26 - 80124 Napoli (Italia)
Owner contact email: web@futurartshop.com
Among the types of Personal Data that this Application collects, by itself or through third parties, there are: phone number; email address; first name; last name; VAT Number; company name; address; country; county; ZIP/Postal code; city; Cookies; Usage Data; various types of Data; username.
The Data concerning the User is collected to allow the Owner to provide its Service, comply with its legal obligations, respond to enforcement requests, protect its rights and interests (or those of its Users or third parties), detect any malicious or fraudulent activity, as well as the following: Contacting the User, Handling payments, Heat mapping and session recording, Interaction with online survey platforms, Remarketing and behavioral targeting, Tag Management, Analytics, Displaying content from external platforms, Content commenting, Advertising, Hosting and backend infrastructure, Social features, Platform services and hosting, SPAM protection and Interaction with external social networks and platforms.
This type of service allows User Data to be utilized for advertising communication purposes displayed in the form of banners and other advertisements on this Application, possibly based on User interests.
This does not mean that all Personal Data are used for this purpose. Information and conditions of use are shown below.
Some of the services listed below may use Cookies to identify Users or they may use the behavioral retargeting technique, i.e. displaying ads tailored to the User's interests and behavior, including those detected outside this Application. For more information, please check the privacy policies of the relevant services.
In addition to any opt-out offered by any of the services below, the User may opt out of a third-party service's use of cookies for certain advertising features by visiting the Network Advertising Initiative opt-out page.
Users may also opt-out of certain advertising features through applicable device settings, such as the device advertising settings for mobile phones or ads settings in general.
Direct Email Marketing (DEM) (this Application)
This Application uses the User Data to propose services and products provided by third parties or unrelated to the product or service provided by this Application.
Google Analytics is a web analysis service provided by Google LLC ("Google"). Google utilizes the Data collected to track and examine the use of this Application, to prepare reports on its activities and share them with other Google services.
Personal Data collected: address; city; company name; country; county; email address; first name; last name; phone number; VAT Number; ZIP/Postal code.
Content commenting
Content commenting services allow Users to make and publish their comments on the contents of this Application.
Depending on the settings chosen by the Owner, Users may also leave anonymous comments. If there is an email address among the Personal Data provided by the User, it may be used to send notifications of comments on the same content. Users are responsible for the content of their own comments.
If a content commenting service provided by third parties is installed, it may still collect web traffic data for the pages where the comment service is installed, even when Users do not use the content commenting service.
Comment system managed directly (this Application)
This Application has its own internal content comment system.
Personal Data collected: username.
This type of service allows you to view content hosted on external platforms directly from the pages of this Application and interact with them.
Google Fonts is a typeface visualization service provided by Google LLC that allows this Application to incorporate content of this kind on its pages.
Personal Data collected: Usage Data; various types of Data as specified in the privacy policy of the service.
Google Maps widget (Google LLC)
Google Maps is a maps visualization service provided by Google LLC that allows this Application to incorporate content of this kind on its pages.
PayPal (PayPal Inc.)
PayPal is a payment service provided by PayPal Inc., which allows Users to make online payments.
Place of processing: See the PayPal privacy policy – Privacy Policy.
SOFORT (SOFORT GmbH)
SOFORT is a payment service provided by SOFORT GmbH.
Place of processing: Germany – Privacy Policy.
Stripe (Stripe Inc)
Stripe is a payment service provided by Stripe Inc.
Heat mapping and session recording
Heat mapping services are used to display the areas of a page where Users most frequently move the mouse or click. This shows where the points of interest are. These services make it possible to monitor and analyze web traffic and keep track of User behavior.
Some of these services may record sessions and make them available for later visual playback.
SumoMe Heat Maps is a heat mapping service provided by Sumo Group Inc.
Hosting and backend infrastructure
This type of service has the purpose of hosting Data and files that enable this Application to run and be distributed as well as to provide a ready-made infrastructure to run specific features or parts of this Application. Some of these services work through geographically distributed servers, making it difficult to determine the actual location where the Personal Data are stored.
Amazon Web Services (AWS) (Amazon Web Services, Inc.)
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a hosting and backend service provided by Amazon Web Services, Inc.
AddThis (Oracle Corporation)
AddThis is a service provided by Oracle Corporation, which displays a widget that allows interaction with social networks and external platforms as well as sharing the contents of this Application.
Depending on the configuration, this service can display widgets belonging to third parties such as the managers of social networks where interactions are shared. In this case, also the third parties that provide the widget will be informed of interactions and Usage Data on the pages where this service is installed.
Interaction with online survey platforms
This type of service allows Users to interact with third-party online survey platforms directly from the pages of this Application.
If one of these services is installed, it may collect browsing and Usage Data in the pages where it is installed, even if the Users do not actively use the service.
Hotjar Poll & Survey widgets (Hotjar Ltd.)
The Hotjar Poll & Survey widgets are services that enable interaction with the Hotjar platform provided by Hotjar Ltd.
Hotjar honors generic "Do Not Track" headers. This means the browser can tell its script not to collect any of the User's data. This is a setting that is available in all major browsers. Find Hotjar's opt-out information here.
Personal Data collected: Cookies; Usage Data; various types of Data.
Place of processing: Malta – Privacy Policy – Opt Out.
Platform services and hosting
These services have the purpose of hosting and running key components of this Application, therefore allowing the provision of this Application from within a unified platform. Such platforms provide a wide range of tools to the Owner – e.g. analytics, user registration, commenting, database management, e-commerce, payment processing – that imply the collection and handling of Personal Data.
Some of these services work through geographically distributed servers, making it difficult to determine the actual location where the Personal Data are stored.
PrestaShop (PrestaShop S.A.)
PrestaShop is a platform provided by PrestaShop S.A. that allows the Owner to build, run and host an e-commerce website.
Place of processing: France – Privacy Policy.
This type of service allows this Application and its partners to inform, optimize and serve advertising based on past use of this Application by the User.
This activity is performed by tracking Usage Data and by using Cookies, information that is transferred to the partners that manage the remarketing and behavioral targeting activity.
Some services offer a remarketing option based on email address lists.
In addition to any opt-out offered by any of the services below, the User may opt out of a third-party service's use of cookies for certain remarketing features by visiting the Network Advertising Initiative opt-out page.
Google Ads Remarketing is a remarketing and behavioral targeting service provided by Google LLC that connects the activity of this Application with the Google Ads advertising network and the DoubleClick Cookie.
Users can opt out of Google's use of cookies for ads personalization by visiting Google's Ads Settings.
Facebook Remarketing is a remarketing and behavioral targeting service provided by Facebook, Inc. that connects the activity of this Application with the Facebook advertising network.
AdRoll (AdRoll, Inc.)
AdRoll is an advertising service provided by AdRoll, Inc.
Place of processing: United States – Privacy Policy – Opt Out.
Inviting and suggesting friends (this Application)
This Application may use the Personal Data provided to allow Users to invite their friends - for example through the address book, if access has been provided - and to suggest friends or connections inside it.
Personal Data collected: various types of Data.
This type of service analyzes the traffic of this Application, potentially containing Users' Personal Data, with the purpose of filtering it from parts of traffic, messages and content that are recognized as SPAM.
Google reCAPTCHA (Google Ireland Limited)
Google reCAPTCHA is a SPAM protection service provided by Google Ireland Limited.
Place of processing: Ireland – Privacy Policy. Privacy Shield participant.
This type of service helps the Owner to manage the tags or scripts needed on this Application in a centralized fashion.
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La crisi di salinità del Messiniano o evento messiniano è un evento geologico avvenuto nell'ultima parte del periodo Messiniano del Miocene (oltre 5 milioni di anni fa), nel corso del quale le acque del mar Mediterraneo evaporarono quasi completamente, a causa della chiusura dello Stretto di Gibilterra.

La scoperta

Nel 1961, una campagna di rilevamento sismico del fondo del Mediterraneo rivelò l'esistenza di un livello sismico fortemente riflettente, con una continuità laterale e delineante una struttura geologica ad una profondità compresa tra 100 e  al di sotto del fondo marino. Questo livello, denominato M reflector, segue fedelmente la morfologia del fondo marino attuale, suggerendo la presenza di un livello con caratteristiche di uniformità ed elevata velocità delle onde sismiche.
Trivellazioni eseguite dieci anni più tardi dalla nave oceanografica Glomar Challenger, durante la tredicesima campagna del progetto DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Program), rivelarono la natura dell'M reflector: si tratta di un livello di sedimenti evaporitici con spessore fino a .

Evidenze geologiche
Campioni di sedimenti prelevati, che includono evaporiti, suolo e piante fossili, mostrano che circa 5,9 milioni di anni fa, nel tardo Miocene, il precursore dell'odierno stretto di Gibilterra si chiuse ed il Mediterraneo evaporò e si trasformò in una conca prevalentemente asciutta e profonda, la cui base in alcuni punti raggiungeva  al di sotto del livello degli oceani.

Tuttora il Mediterraneo è un mare molto più salato del nord Atlantico poiché comunica con questo solo attraverso lo stretto di Gibilterra ed è soggetto ad un alto tasso di evaporazione, non globalmente compensato dall'apporto idrico delle acque dei fiumi che vi si riversano.
Se lo stretto di Gibilterra si dovesse chiudere nuovamente (come potrebbe avvenire anche in un futuro non troppo lontano dal punto di vista geologico) e anche il canale di Suez si dovesse chiudere, il Mediterraneo potrebbe nuovamente prosciugarsi in un migliaio di anni.

La prima consistente evidenza dell'antico disseccamento del Mediterraneo emerse nell'estate del 1970, quando i geologi a bordo della Glomar Challenger recuperarono dal fondale delle "carote" di sedimento contenenti ghiaie e silt rosso-verdi di origine fluviale, oltre a gessi, anidrite, salgemma e varie altre rocce di origine evaporitica (derivate cioè dalla precipitazione di sali da acque marine soprasature). In alcuni campioni erano presenti minerali di cloruro di potassio, un sale estremamente solubile che precipita solamente con l'evaporazione delle ultime acque prima del disseccamento.

Una carota era costituita da sedimenti contenenti gusci calcarei di Foraminiferi planctonici, organismi unicellulari marini i cui resti normalmente si trovano entro sedimenti depositatisi in acque profonde e solitamente caratterizzati da laminazione parallela molto regolare, o da assenza di strutture sedimentarie. I sedimenti rinvenuti nella carota erano invece caratterizzati da una laminazione incrociata, riferibile ad un ambiente deposizionale caratterizzato da correnti. Per questa ed altre caratteristiche, i depositi in questione erano interpretabili come sedimenti di origine eolica, e non marina: si trattava in realtà di antichi sedimenti marini di piana abissale, disseccati, trasportati dal vento e deposti infine sul fondo asciutto di un antico lago salato. Questi depositi eolici erano intercalati da livelli contenenti fossili marini, e indicavano quindi l'alternarsi di periodi di disseccamento e di inondazione da parte di acque marine. Inoltre, strutture poligonali da disseccamento sono state rinvenute in antichi sedimenti fangosi essiccati e screpolati dall'azione del sole.

Altre evidenze del disseccamento del Mediterraneo derivano dalla presenza di antichi canyon, ora colmati da sedimenti, scavati ai margini della depressione dall'erosione dei fiumi, che allora scendevano scorrendo fino alle piane abissali asciutte. Le prospezioni sismiche eseguite sui fondali dei grandi laghi lombardi (Lago Maggiore, Lago di Como, Lago d'Iseo e Lago di Garda) hanno permesso di evidenziare la presenza di questi canyon sepolti, con tipici profili a V di origine fluviale, molto al di sotto dell'attuale livello del mare. Analoghi studi condotti in Egitto per la costruzione della diga di Assuan hanno permesso di stabilire che il Nilo è arrivato in corrispondenza di Assuan a scavare il proprio letto alcune centinaia di metri sotto il livello del mare attuale. Altri rilievi sismici nella regione dell'attuale delta, per la ricerca di idrocarburi, hanno individuato il letto messiniano del paleo-Nilo circa  sotto il livello del mare attuale in corrispondenza del Cairo.

L'area mediterranea fu quindi sottoposta a fasi cicliche di disseccamento e inondazione per circa  anni. Poi, circa 5,4 milioni di anni fa, all'inizio del Pliocene, la soglia corrispondente all'attuale Stretto di Gibilterra si aprì di nuovo permanentemente, portando al riempimento del bacino del Mediterraneo. In seguito alcuni di questi depositi messiniani sono stati sollevati da spinte tettoniche durante le più recenti fasi orogeniche ed affiorano nell'Italia peninsulare, in Sicilia, ove costituiscono i terreni della Formazione gessoso-solfifera, e nella parte nord-orientale della Libia.

Datazione e cronologia dell'evento
L'inizio della crisi di salinità è posto sulla base di dati biostratigrafici e geocronologici 5,96 ± 0,02 milioni di anni fa, ed ebbe luogo contemporaneamente in tutto il bacino del Mediterraneo. Quest'ultimo rimase completamente isolato rispetto all'Oceano Atlantico da 5,59 a 5,33 milioni di anni fa.

Durante le fasi iniziali (5,59-5,50 Ma), prevalsero fenomeni erosivi di grande estensione, che crearono grandi sistemi di canyon ai margini del bacino.

Le fasi più recenti (5,50-5,33 Ma) sono caratterizzate dalla deposizione ciclica di depositi evaporitici entro bacini ampi e generalmente poco profondi di "lago-mare".

Cause della chiusura dello Stretto di Gibilterra
Sono state rinvenute nella Spagna meridionale e in Marocco le prove geologiche e paleontologiche della presenza di più vie d'acqua che collegavano l'Oceano Atlantico e il Mediterraneo nel Miocene Superiore (Tortoniano). È dubbio che fosse già aperto un precursore dell'attuale Stretto di Gibilterra, che dalla maggior parte degli autori è considerato di età pliocenica. In compenso, vi erano due vie d'acqua principali: il Corridoio Betico (Spagna) e il Corridoio Rifeano (Marocco settentrionale). Queste ultime due vie d'acqua erano epicontinentali (cioè localizzate su crosta continentale) e con profondità piuttosto bassa (da poche decine a poche centinaia di metri). L'evidenza stratigrafica e paleontologica, emergente dagli studi sui sedimenti di queste due aree, indica una progressiva diminuzione della profondità di questi canali naturali a partire da 7,2 Ma, con emersione definitiva a circa 6,1 Ma, come indicato anche dalle prove di scambio faunistico tra Africa e Spagna compatibili con quest'ultima datazione.

Diverse possibili cause, talora contrastanti, sono state prese in considerazione per spiegare la chiusura delle vie d'acqua con l'Atlantico. Tre sono i principali filoni di ipotesi:

 raccorciamento crostale orizzontale, conseguente all'attività di falde tettoniche;
 abbassamento del livello marino, stimato in circa , in seguito all'inizio di una glaciazione;
 sollevamento tettonico dell'area.

È largamente accettata la concorrenza di tutti e tre questi fenomeni. Tuttavia, è al terzo fattore che viene ascritto il contributo più elevato nella chiusura della soglia atlantica. L'abbassamento eustatico di  è infatti giudicato insufficiente da solo a provocare la completa chiusura dei corridoi; inoltre, le età di inizio della deposizione evaporitica nel Mediterraneo e quella dell'inizio del raffreddamento nelle aree oceaniche, desunte da studi sugli isotopi dell'ossigeno nei gusci dei Foraminiferi, non corrispondono. Anche il raccorciamento tettonico sembra poco probabile come causa determinante, in quanto le evidenze geologiche indicano che questo tipo di attività cessò prima del Miocene superiore (anche se indubbiamente causò una notevole riduzione delle vie d'acqua).

In ogni caso, sono state rinvenute evidenze di una interazione tra crosta e mantello terrestre a sostegno dell'ipotesi del sollevamento.

Rocce vulcaniche di età miocenica e pliocenica sono presenti nel bacino di Alboran, nel Mediterraneo occidentale. Dati geochimici e isotopici acquisiti su queste rocce indicano la presenza di due tipi di vulcanismo diversi: uno caratterizzato da rocce vulcaniche felsiche (ricche di feldspati e silice), tipiche di una zona di subduzione, unitamente a rocce mafiche (ricche di ferro e magnesio), di origine astenosferica. Le rocce di tipo felsico sono collegabili ad un piano di subduzione situato sotto la Spagna meridionale (Cordigliera Betica) e la catena del Rif nel Marocco settentrionale, probabilmente tuttora attivo.

La migrazione verso Ovest della zona di subduzione potrebbe aver causato sia la variazione del chimismo vulcanico (databile a 6,3 Ma) che un processo di sollevamento tettonico nell'area in questione. Secondo il modello proposto da Duggen e colleghi, il lembo di crosta oceanica in fase di subduzione avrebbe causato un flusso di materiale astenosferico ad alta temperatura e relativamente bassa densità contro la base della crosta continentale soprastante. La presenza di questa massa tendente al galleggiamento avrebbe potuto produrre secondo gli autori citati un sollevamento fino ad un migliaio di metri, più che sufficiente a chiudere la soglia di Gibilterra e le vie d'acqua collegate.

L'enorme volume delle evaporiti messiniane non si sarebbe potuto deporre durante un singolo evento di disseccamento; in altre parole l'evaporazione del singolo volume di tutta l'acqua marina contenuta nel Mediterraneo avrebbe prodotto un volume di rocce evaporitiche ben inferiore a quella che, complessivamente, si stima si sia deposta durante il Messiniano. Ne consegue che una descrizione della crisi di salinità messiniana deve includere ripetuti cicli di riempimento del bacino per giustificare il bilancio volumetrico dei sedimenti evaporitici depositatisi. Questa sequenza di evaporazione e riempimento è confermata dalla natura dei depositi, indicanti l'occorrenza di diversi cicli durante i quali il Mediterraneo fu completamente disseccato e nuovamente riempito d'acqua.

L'esame della carota del sito DSDP 124 ha permesso di ricavare diverse informazioni su questa ciclicità sedimentaria:

Il sedimento più antico di ciascun ciclo avrebbe potuto essersi deposto sia in ambiente marino profondo, sia in un grande lago salmastro. Questi sedimenti fini sono caratterizzati da una laminazione perfettamente parallela, quindi si deposero su un fondale di acque profonde, o comunque in un ambiente deposizionale a bassa energia del mezzo.

Con ogni chiusura dello stretto di Gibilterra, si instaura il progressivo disseccamento del bacino, con la conseguente diminuzione della profondità delle acque causata dall'evaporazione; la laminazione osservabile nei sedimenti carotati diviene più irregolare, indicando un incremento dell'energia deposizionale per la crescente influenza del moto ondoso (ovvero per la maggiore vicinanza dell'ambiente subaereo).

Successivamente, con l'instaurarsi di condizioni intertidali (entro la zona di escursione della marea), si formano laminazioni stromatolitiche. Infine, la piana tidale viene completamente disseccata trasformandosi in una sabkhah, testimoniata dal rinvenimento di noduli di anidrite, caratteristici di questo ambiente sedimentario, precipitati nel terreno ad opera di soluzioni saline circolanti.

Questi depositi anidritici assumono spesso un aspetto contorto (simili ad anse intestinali, da cui il nome di depositi "enterolitici"), per la concentrazione di noduli in allineamenti irregolari e per la locale reidratazione dell'anidrite in gesso con conseguente aumento di volume.

Improvvisamente, con la tracimazione di acque marine dalla soglia di Gibilterra, oppure a causa di un apporto anomalo di acqua dai laghi salmastri che occupavano gran parte dell'Europa orientale, la piana abissale balearica fu di nuovo inondata. I depositi anidritici enterolitici vennero quindi ricoperti dai sedimenti fangosi dell'inondazione successiva. Questo tipo di ciclo si ripeté per almeno otto o dieci volte durante il milione di anni circa che copre il periodo messiniano.

La riapertura episodica del collegamento con l'Atlantico durante l'evento di disseccamento messiniano è documentata dalla presenza di faune e microfaune appartenenti alla provincia faunistica atlantica. Nell'attuale bacino del Mare Egeo, durante il Messiniano era presente un vasto bacino di lago-mare salmastro, alimentato in parte dai fiumi circostanti e in parte dalle acque della Paratetide attraverso una via d'acqua corrispondente all'attuale Mare di Marmara. In questo mare interno, chiamato convenzionalmente nella letteratura geologica "Egemar", si è deposta una serie composta prevalentemente da carbonati contenenti una fauna di ambiente salmastro. Sono presenti tuttavia almeno cinque livelli con specie mediterranee, di ambiente a salinità normale (Sakinc M. e Yaltirak C., 2005), che indicano il ristabilimento temporaneo della via d'acqua atlantica.

Modelli deposizionali
A partire dal ritrovamento dei sedimenti evaporitici messiniani, al di sotto dei fondali mediterranei, iniziò una lunga pluridecennale disputa talora con aspri toni, fra diverse scuole geologiche, riguardo alla loro interpretazione e possibili modelli deposizionali. L'interpretazione delle facies e degli ambienti deposizionali è ancora controversa e i modelli applicati dagli studiosi tutt'altro che univoci. Vi sono tuttavia alcuni punti fermi da tenere presenti:

 Le evaporiti non affioranti si trovano sotto i sedimenti plio-quaternari di piede di scarpata e di piana sottomarina, ove si raggiungono gli spessori massimi dei sali (stimati fino a ): quindi il massimo accumulo di evaporiti sembrerebbe corrispondere ai depocentri dei bacini attuali.
 Il complesso evaporitico poggia su sedimenti pre-evaporitici di mare profondo (torbiditi e sedimenti di piana abissale).
 Le formazioni evaporitiche sono associate a facies clastiche terrigene prevalentemente marine piuttosto che carbonatiche o continentali, e a sedimenti pelitici euxinici.
 Le facies evaporitiche stesse sono piuttosto varie. Abbiamo quasi tutto il campionario: dalle facies di sabkha alle lagune sovra-salate, ai laghi effimeri di ambiente desertico, ai bacini di lago-mare sotto-salati. Sono molto frequenti i fenomeni di erosione e risedimentazione del materiale evaporitico.

Le ipotesi sui modelli deposizionali si raggruppano intorno a tre correnti principali:

Bacino poco profondo disseccato
Il modello del bacino poco profondo disseccato è sostenuto principalmente da studiosi francesi.

Secondo questa teoria, il bacino del Mediterraneo nel Messiniano sarebbe stato un mare relativamente poco profondo (al massimo ): gli attuali bacini profondi si sarebbero formati posteriormente al Messiniano per rapida subsidenza. La deposizione evaporitica viene spiegata mediante un modello classico di bacino interno di tipo lagunare, chiuso o con limitata comunicazione rispetto all'oceano.

Nata negli anni '70, questa teoria gode di sempre minor credito per la difficoltà di spiegare la grande variabilità di situazioni con un modello semplice, e per le chiare incongruenze rispetto a diverse evidenze sopra riportate (ad esempio, non è in grado di spiegare i canyon fluviali erosi ben al di sotto dell'attuale livello del mare).

Bacino oceanico aperto e bacini marginali
Elaborata dal geologo italiano Raimondo Selli nel 1973, questa ipotesi non prevede la chiusura di Gibilterra e nemmeno un vero e proprio disseccamento del Mediterraneo.

Gli attuali bacini profondi sarebbero stati pieni d'acqua marina a salinità normale e comunicanti con l'Atlantico. La deposizione delle evaporiti sarebbe avvenuta sui margini dei bacini principali per deposizione subacquea, oltre che in bacini marginali relativamente poco profondi. Le evaporiti sarebbero state in parte ri-sedimentate da slump (scivolamenti gravitativi sin-sedimentari di sedimenti poco consolidati) e correnti torbide. La teoria contrasta con diverse evidenze; principalmente:

 la presenza di evaporiti molto solubili (salgemma) non rimaneggiate nei depocentri dei bacini profondi attuali, incompatibile con l'ipotesi di bacini aperti a salinità normale (non si sarebbero potute deporre, e comunque si sarebbero sciolte in breve);
 la presenza negli stessi di evaporiti deposte sia in ambiente subacqueo che di sabkha (vedi sopra);
 l'assenza di fossili diagnostici di mare aperto o profondo (se non rimaneggiati da depositi più antichi) e la presenza di faune oligotipiche di mare basso;
 la presenza dei sistemi di canyon marginali (dal momento che il disseccamento non sarebbe avvenuto, neppure il livello di base dell'erosione avrebbe dovuto cambiare).

Bacino profondo disseccato
Ideata e propugnata dal nucleo di studiosi collegati al gruppo della Glomar Challenger, è la teoria più seguita e quella descritta in questa voce.

Fine del fenomeno
Quando si ebbe la riapertura dello stretto, all'inizio del Pliocene, le acque dell'Atlantico si riversarono in grande quantità entro un canale relativamente stretto: questo diede origine verosimilmente a cascate di dislivello e potenza superiori a qualunque cascata attuale.

Tale fenomeno, detto "alluvione zancleana", ebbe però probabilmente vita molto breve (poche centinaia o migliaia di anni), in quanto le evidenze geologiche, ad esempio i Trubi, una formazione geologica presente in Sicilia, indicano la presenza di sedimenti marini profondi con faune a Foraminiferi planctonici e a Foraminiferi bentonici di elevata profondità immediatamente sopra gli ultimi depositi messiniani, senza interposizione di facies di mare basso. L'apertura della soglia di Gibilterra dovrebbe quindi essere avvenuta assai rapidamente (da un punto di vista geologico) ed in profondità. Secondo alcune stime, il riempimento del Mediterraneo potrebbe aver richiesto non più di un centinaio di anni, con una portata superiore di cento volte a quella delle Cascate Vittoria su un fronte di alcuni chilometri (West, 2002).

Rilievi sismici condotti nella parte occidentale del Mare di Alboran hanno evidenziato la presenza di canyon orientati Est-Ovest, che costituiscono la continuazione verso oriente dello stretto entro la scarpata continentale (Loget et al., 2005.), e che furono verosimilmente la sede delle megacascate di Gibilterra.

Il Mediterraneo messiniano

Paleogeografia
Il concetto di un bacino del Mediterraneo completamente disseccato ha diverse affascinanti implicazioni:

 l'area dello Stretto di Gibilterra aveva sicuramente una configurazione molto diversa dall'attuale, per la presenza di una soglia verso l'Oceano Atlantico;
 l'area mediterranea era suddivisa in depressioni locali di profondità variabile dalle poche decine e centinaia di m sotto l'attuale livello marino del Canale di Sicilia (allora un vero altopiano), ai  del Mare Tirreno, un vero e proprio fondale oceanico allora disseccato, con soglie molto pronunciate che li separavano;
 i margini del bacino, come già accennato erano interessati da spettacolari sistemi di canyon, in gran parte di scala paragonabile a quella del Grand Canyon o superiore.

Paleoecologia

L'elevato livello di salinità era sicuramente incompatibile con la maggior parte delle specie animali e vegetali. La temperatura era inoltre molto elevata durante l'estate, per probabili fenomeni di riscaldamento adiabatico, come confermato dalla presenza di anidrite, minerale che si deposita solamente a temperature superiori a . L'anidrite è un minerale che può derivare dal gesso in condizione di elevata temperatura. È quindi plausibile che l'anidrite derivi dal gesso una volta che questo è stato seppellito ad elevate profondità.

Nonostante queste condizioni ambientali estreme, il bacino disseccato non era tuttavia privo di vita: i sedimenti dei bacini di lago-mare sono infatti talvolta ricchi di fossili, sia di invertebrati (Foraminiferi, Diatomee, Crostacei, Molluschi) che di vertebrati (pesci), che di vegetali (frammenti di alghe e piante superiori). Si tratta di faune e flore adattate ad ambienti ad alta salinità o schizoalini (con ampie e improvvise fluttuazioni della salinità), o addirittura di ambiente sotto-salato (salmastro): infatti i periodici apporti di acqua dolce dalle aree orientali (Paratetide), e gli apporti locali dei fiumi (come ad esempio il Nilo) potevano indurre una variazione temporanea della salinità su vaste estensioni.

Nella maggior parte dei casi si osservano associazioni oligotipiche: caratterizzate cioè da un grande numero di esemplari appartenenti ad una sola o a pochissime specie (questo avviene in quanto l'adattamento peculiare a condizioni ambientali estreme di una specie, ne assicura il successo e la conseguente proliferazione esplosiva per assenza di competitori). Uno dei fossili più diagnostici di questo tipo di ambiente è il Foraminifero bentonico Ammonia beccarii (Linné), rinvenuto fossile nelle facies di lago-mare messiniane e presente anche nelle aree lagunari costiere italiane e sud-europee. La proliferazione di forme di vita negli strati d'acqua superficiali è testimoniata anche dalla presenza di marne e peliti bituminose, estremamente ricche di materia organica non ossidata, accumulatasi in condizioni anossiche.

Effetti sul popolamento attuale del Mediterraneo
La crisi di salinità ha segnato un vero e proprio punto di cesura riguardo alla biogeografia del mar Mediterraneo; prima di questo evento, infatti, il popolamento di questo bacino era a netta affinità tropicale indo-pacifica (come tutti i popolamenti della Tetide) mentre in seguito si sono avute varie faune, calde e fredde, ma sempre di tipo atlantico.
Pochissime sono le specie presenti nel Mediterraneo che abbiano affinità con quelle preesistenti, un esempio è costituito dai pesci ciprinodontidi del Genere Aphanius (tra cui l'Aphanius fasciatus o nono, comune in Italia) che, significativamente, sono fortemente eurialini ed hanno la capacità di vivere anche in ambienti fortemente iperalini.

Effetti globali
La quantità d'acqua evaporata dal Mediterraneo deve essere stata redistribuita per opera delle precipitazioni meteoriche negli oceani di tutto il mondo, provocando un innalzamento del livello del mare fino a circa . D'altro canto, lo stesso Mediterraneo deve aver imprigionato entro i propri fondali una percentuale significativa (stimata intorno al 5%) del sale prima disciolto nelle acque oceaniche: questo portò ad una diminuzione della salinità media delle acque marine, innalzandone la temperatura di congelamento. Le acque oceaniche sarebbero passate quindi più facilmente allo stato di ghiaccio in presenza di basse temperature, abbassando la temperatura media della Terra e costituendo forse una delle cause concomitanti del successivo innesco delle glaciazioni quaternarie. Inoltre, il disseccamento del Mediterraneo provocò sicuramente drammatiche variazioni climatiche in tutta l'area e nelle regioni adiacenti, causando probabilmente l'insorgere di barriere ambientali che devono aver condizionato la distribuzione delle specie viventi e la loro migrazione.

La crisi di salinità nell'immaginario
Le caratteristiche del fenomeno hanno affascinato diversi scrittori di fantascienza e fantasy, che ne hanno fatto un teatro d'eccezione per le vicende di romanzi e racconti. Esempi di esito notevole per la verosimiglianza descrittiva dell'ambiente messiniano e la buona documentazione scientifica sono quelli di Julian May, con la saga dell'esilio nel Pliocene, composta di quattro romanzi, e di Harry Turtledove con il romanzo Dramma nelle Terrefonde.

Note

Bibliografia

 Franco Ricci Lucchi (1980). Sedimentologia. Bologna, CLUEB. Parte 3, p. 430.

 GIllet H., Lericolais G, Rehault J-P, & Dinu C (2004), Was the Messinian event recorded in the Black Sea? Abstract given at 4th International Congress on Environment & Identity in the Mediterranean: The Messinian Salinity Crisis Revisited, at Corte, Italy,
 Loget N, Van Den Driessche J, & Davy P (2005), How did the Messinian Salinity Crisis end?, Terra Nova, 17, 414419
 Sakinc M. and Yaltirak C. (2005). Messinian crisis : What happened around the northeastern Aegean? Marine geology, vol. 221, n. 1-4, pp. 423–436.
 WEST I (2002), The Messinian Salinity Crisis of the Mediterranean, Student Lecture Summary,

Voci correlate
 Formazione gessoso-solfifera
 Lago sottomarino

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Geologia storica
Biologia marina
Paleontologia
Mar Mediterraneo
Miocene

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
UHWC staff served 12.9 % of the total causalities in the Great Return March in 14th of May
Tue, 15 May, 2018, 11:05
In light of the current situation and the popular march to participate in the Great Return of March, Union of Health Work Committees with Al Awda hospital team, Rafah health center team and Al Khayria health and community centers teams, treated and provided first aid to (357) casualties which represented 12.9 % of the total casualties along the Gaza Strip.
According to the statistics of Al Awda hospital (largest facility to Union of Health Work Committees in the northern Gaza strip), the toll injuries arrived Al Awda Hospital were (125) casualties among which (25) cases were underwent urgent surgical operation, meanwhile the paramedics of UHWC transfer (33) cases from Trauma Stabilization Points (TSP) and the field to Al Awda hospital, and (7) cases were refered from Al Awda hospital to Al Shifa Hospital.
Meanwhile, the team of Al Awda health center in Rafah– one of UHWC affiliated PHCCs in Rafah- treated and provided first aid to (82) injured people in the TSP eastern Rafah. Additionally, the team of Al Khayria health and community centers in Al Nussierat provided first aid to (150) injured people in the TSP eastern Rafah.
Union of Health Work Committees from the start of the Great Return March in 30th of March 2018 to 14th of May 2018, provided health services and Frist aid services to 1208 casualties of the total casualties along the Gaza Strip.


As we are planning for the future. We are working on the mechanics and scale fuselage for the Kaman H43 Huskie. We feel this unique model will be welcomed, for no one has produced this helicopter in the United States, as far as we know. We plan to use some well known, top notch scale RC modelers for this project. We will keep you updated.
American RC Helicopters will produce the Jet Ranger with more scale detail, and provide upgrades to rigid rotor, two and four blade rotor heads.
Window mounting channel, rubber, 5 m (15ft) This soft, highly flexible extrusion makes mounting windows, windshields and glider canopies in model airplanes, helicopters, boats and cars, quick and easy.
Tom Gregory at IRCHA. Even after 14 years out of production, almost all who came to the exhibit knew the legendary RC helicopters at first site. The helicopters pictured are the original display models made for Franz Kavan and used in brochures and advertisements.


Our first and ever popular cleansing bar. This is a goat milk and wheat germ oil blend added to our olive oil base. Shea butter is also added to balance out the cleansing effect of the French clay. this bar helps with the "t zone" leaving the skin cleansed but not dry. The scent is created with a intoxicating blend of Jasmine and ylang ylang, two sensual oils that create an aphrodisiac quality.


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Billboards in Siren
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Find, compare and buy billboard ads in Siren, Wisconsin online! Before viewing available billboards and rates in Siren, take a second to learn about the advertising audiences you can reach in the area. Siren, Wisconsin is home to 2,575 individuals across approximately 1,230 households. When buying billboards in Siren, you might also consider the economic characteristics of the area. The median housing value in Siren is $117,845, and the average household size is 2.23. The population of 2,575 is expected to grow by 2.0%. In terms of homeownership in Siren, Wisconsin: for every 4.28 homeowner(s) there is 1 renter. Workers in Siren fall into the following categories: service industry (21% of workers), blue-collar jobs (38% of workers), and white-collar roles (40% of workers). The median household income (HHI) is $40,301 and the average HHI is $50,581. According to The U.S. Census, the male to female ratio in Siren, Wisconsin is 1.02 to 1. The Census also provides an ethnic breakdown of the residents you could reach with billboards in Siren. The area includes 107.1% white people, 0.3% Asian people, 0.5% black people, and 0.8% Hispanic individuals. This area has a high school graduation rate of 77%. Of those that went on to pursue a degree, 56% dropped out of college. Of the 44% who completed college, 17% achieved a postgraduate degree.
On average, billboard advertising in Siren, Wisconsin costs $600-$3,534
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Home»Licensees»King5»Thiel: New Seahawks plan: Whiff for Griff?
Thiel: New Seahawks plan: Whiff for Griff?
By Art Thiel December 12, 2011 Updated: October 4, 2012 8 Comments5 Mins Read
Is this man prepared to Whiff for Griff? / Drew Sellers, Sportspress Northwest
Seahawks fans may recall that as the training-camp-free NFL season began, Seattle was at least a co-headquarters for the "Suck for Luck" campaign, the tasteful appeal from some fans for a profoundly putrid season in order to draft Andrew Luck.
The Stanford quarterback was judged by many to be second only to Alexander the Great in his ability to change the map of the known world. Nothing Luck did in the Cardinal's 11-1 season discouraged the notion.
Unfortunately — or fortunately, depending on your perspective on the tactic — the local campaign went away faster than Herman Cain's presidential clown car. Entering Monday night's game against St. Louis at the Clink, the Seahawks are 5-7, which isn't great but a long ways from the 0-13 of the Colts of Indianapolis, where Luck may as well start calling real estate agents in anticipation of his draft selection in April.
After jettisoning their longtime quarterback, Matt Hasselbeck, the Seahawks' No. 1 priority in personnel is for a franchise quarterback. The season to date hasn't altered that need, although the temp, Tarvaris Jackson, has performed better that most anticipated.
While the argument could be made that, after having to put 13 players on injured reserve, the Seahawks are more in need of a sideline surgical unit, the fact is that not only is the QB need still paramount, it turns out there is more than one quality quarterback in the land.
There is a new demi-god among the collegians. His name is Robert Griffin III. You may have seen him packing the Heisman Trophy Saturday night, Not Luck, who finished second in the voting.
If you're a local sports fan, you will get a more extended look at Griffin Dec. 29, when his previously woebegone Baylor Bears (9-3) play the Washington Huskies (7-5) in San Antonio's suddenly marquee Alamo Bowl.
Think about that: The Seahawks' savior is the Huskies' devil incarnate. Only in Seattle sports.
I realize several cosmic perversities must happen in a certain order for that little scenario to play out. But after watching Denver rookie Tim Tebow again win an NFL game Sunday his team had no business winning, let's just say the far horizon for premier NFL achievement seems a tad closer these days.
Therefore the new campaign for Seahawks fans: Whiff for Griff.
The premise is the same as Suck for Luck: Lose as many games as possible to advance the chances to draft the savior. Starting as soon as, well, Monday night.
It's true that Griffin, as a fourth-year junior, is not yet eligible for the draft. But that is only a technicality awaiting his petition for eligibility. Griffin already completed a political science degree and was proceeding toward a Master's degree in communications during his stupendous season in Waco. This would have been his senior year but, because of a torn ligament in his right knee in the third game of his sophomore year, he received a medical redshirt.
While Griffin is almost Jake Locker-like in his loyalty to school, unlike Locker, Griffin has nothing to prove with an additional year, and he has everything to risk in terms of health.
So if we presume Griffin turns pro, the rest is up to the Seahawks. Unfortunately — again depending on your perspective — they seem unwilling to cooperate.
Asked for his biggest challenge in the last four games with playoffs nearly impossible, coach Pete Carroll said, "To finish really well . . . to continue to do things right all the way through the end of the season. We did not do that last year. We didn't finish in the fourth quarter of last season (losing three of the last four) like we wanted to."
Buzzkill.
Coaches always seem to think that way. They believe that playing not to win in the pros has the problem of costing a number of people their jobs. That tends to contradict the fans' agenda of their favorite team getting better as quickly as possible before they, too, lose their jobs and can no longer afford tickets, or even cable TV.
In Seattle, the Whiff for Griff campaign is further complicated by the fact that the four teams remaining on the schedule — St. Louis, Chicago, San Francisco and Arizona — are having at least as many problems as the Seahawks. After having won three of their last four, the Seahawks are playing closer to Carroll's idealized notion than at any time in his tenure. Even the 49ers, who have clinched the NFC West title so soon that that, by the start of the playoffs, may forget how they got there, could be a little heavy lidded for their Christmas Eve game in Seattle.
So a 7-9, 8-8 or even 9-7 finish is plausible, leaving the Seahawks in the middle of the first round of the April draft. Andrew Luck will be long gone, but will lower-case luck allow Griffin to drop to them?
Probably not. If Griffin is what coach Texas Tech Tommy Tuberville claims — the best of Tebow and Michael Vick — RG III won't get out of the top five. Given the state of the Huskies' defense, that claim may be further embellished in Griffin's final college game.
Once again, the Seahawks would be thwarted by the high price of mediocrity. The consolation prize is that this draft is so rich in quality quarterbacks that one has to around when the Seahawks draft.
Then again, the Seahawks should find Griffin worthy of trading up to get. If continuing to win this month must be done, killing the Whiff for Griff campaign before gains traction, let the Seahawks consider a month from now another campaign — Stiffs for Griff.
They have the inventory. They just need the will.
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Thiel: Adams not in camp, but no high drama yet
<span class="dsq-postid" data-dsqidentifier="2112141 http://seahawks.sportspressnw.com/?p=2112141">8 Comments
Mattdangoscheer on December 12, 2011 6:47 pm
If you really believe that they should do this you are truly an idiot. I would much rather see my team try than have a better draft pick. The Seahawks already get "no respect, no respect at all," as to quote Rodney Dangerfield. If they followed your "whiff for Griff" plan, they would be the laughing stock of the NFL for years to come no matter what they accomplish.
Mattdangoscheer on December 12, 2011 10:47 am
TrytoBlockBIGRED..... on December 12, 2011 7:19 pm
It wouldnt be shocking if RGIII goes #1…. Matt Barkley is probably going to be the qb within drafting range. RG3 is legit, Luck is ready now, and Barkley looks like a steal from picks 7-12. Where the Hawks sit now, the cost to trade up to top 5 is too much. I would rather make a run at the wild card than "whiff for griff" Even @ 5-7, the league is FINALLY getting "punched in the mouth" by a very physical team. I love how big and nasty Carroll and Schneider are building this team. GO SEAHAWKS!!!
That's what I'm talkin bout!
TrytoBlockBIGRED..... on December 12, 2011 11:19 am
Bayviewherb on December 12, 2011 11:39 pm
Actually, there are probably 6 or 7 great QB prospects out there. One wonders though, if Luck didn't have that pro-like offensive line, if he would still look that good?
Bayviewherb on December 12, 2011 3:39 pm


A new kind of bacteria that eats the flesh of human skin has been a concern after a man in Florida had lost his life, infected with 'vibrio vulnificus' in 2015 . With the increase in deaths due 'vibrio vulnificus', also called as a flesh-eating bacteria in 2017, this infection has received more focus. The Florida Health Department has issued warning against the bacteria found on the beaches of Florida.
'Vibrio vulnificus' is a Gram-negative bacteria which thrives in warm salt water, reports the medical express news. It is found in sea food and can lead to infection of digestive system. Experts report that it primarily invades open wounds and scratches and enters the inner layers of skin. Vibrio infects healthy individuals, the bacteria seems to severely infect those with a weakened immune system, compromised liver, kidney problems or those on immunosuppressive drugs. Immunosuppressants are drugs or medicines that lower the body's ability to reject a transplanted organ. This bacterial infection is not very common. The bacterium possesses a characteristic to eat up the thin sheath covering the muscles, commonly called as fascia.
The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), America, instructs people to take care and avoid swimming in warm waters, pools and oceans.
It is good to be cautious and take good care of open wounds, cuts and scratches.
Experts explain that the infection needs prime focus. The bacterial infection in the deeper layers of skin might be difficult to diagnose at its initial stages in the clinical evaluations.
The infection is treated with antibiotics named cepholosporins that are a class of lactum antibiotics derived from a fungus called Acremonium.
Experts from Florida International University advise to thoroughly inspect and clean the wounds with peroxide solutions.
Should boiled and thoroughly cooked seafood and seeking prompt medical care for any signs of stomach infection or skin wounds.


Wow! What a session with Amanda, Billy, and their pup, Rudy! It was snowing like crazy the whole time and we got absolutely covered! However, it didn't prevent us from capturing some truly amazing moments. Amanda and Billy were troopers and made the most out of the beautiful snow fall!
I had to include this photo of what my camera looked like after the shoot. Snow literally everywhere haha.
Thank the technology gods for weather sealing!


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ConcertAI Press Kit
Life Sciences and Healthcare Leader ConcertAI Raises $150 Million Series C from Sixth Street at $1.9 Billion Valuation
NEWS Press Release
ConcertAI SaaS and Data Solutions have Rapidly Emerged as the Industry Standard for Accelerating Clinical Trials and Patient Outcomes
Cambridge, Mass, March 29, 2022 – ConcertAI, LLC (ConcertAI), the leader in enterprise AI and real-world data (RWD) solutions for life sciences and healthcare, announced the close of its $150 million Series C investment from Sixth Street, a leading global investment firm, at a $1.9 billion valuation.
From its startup just five years ago, ConcertAI has emerged as one of the fastest-growing companies providing high-value software-as-a-service (SaaS) and data solutions to life sciences and biopharma companies, leading healthcare providers, contract research organizations, medical societies, and regulators in the US, Europe, and Japan.
"Our Series C represents another milestone in our emergence as the leader in accelerating biomedical innovations through AI SaaS clinical trial solutions and improved patient outcomes through the generation of real-world evidence for peer-review publications, regulatory decisions, and clinical interpretation," said ConcertAI CEO Jeff Elton, PhD. "Our solutions now span the entire lifecycle of therapeutics with our data-as-a-service and AI SaaS solutions for biopharma through to our TeraRecon solutions for clinical decision support, confederating an ecosystem of leading biomedical innovators and healthcare providers – all in assurance of best possible clinical outcomes for patients."
In the past 36 months, the company has expanded its customer base and partnerships to more than 45 life sciences companies and contract research organizations (CROs) with SaaS solutions across the product lifecycle: supporting approximately 40 new product launches, improving time on therapy by 10%, and reducing time for study design and projected clinical trial execution times up to 25%. The leading oncology biopharma companies, including Janssen and BMS, are multi-product strategic partners.
"ConcertAI has rapidly become the enterprise AI and RWD leader for life sciences and healthcare, delivering the highest customer value and most innovative technologies," said ConcertAI Executive Chairman Dr. Romesh Wadhwani. "The strong ConcertAI leadership team and 1,000 employees and their combined depth of subject matter expertise make ConcertAI's future look very bright. This Series C investment by Sixth Street focuses on the intersection of healthcare and technology and provides additional validation of the strength of our customer base, strategy, and performance."
Through a "system of evidence" approach, ConcertAI is advancing data and technologies that underpin new models of clinical development, driven by the pandemic's acceleration to fully digital and AI-enabled solutions. This includes the industry's largest, independent oncology research database and patient data composed of clinical, molecular, medical claims, and imaging data. In the past two years, ConcertAI has worked closely with leading biopharma innovators, medical societies, the US FDA, and healthcare providers to advance these solutions for an array of regulatory and post-approval studies. The company has made a deep commitment to ensuring the leading research is available at the community and regional health system level, in assurance of representativeness and access. This ecosystem of leading life science companies with leading healthcare providers marks the first complete RWE-generation system that aligns retrospective and prospective approaches into a single system.
"Bristol Myers Squibb is pleased to be one of the early partners of ConcertAI, utilizing their research data-as-a-service and software-as-a-service solutions deployed across multiple functions in our global enterprise," said Vice President R&D Business Insights & Analytics Marisa Co, PhD. "Over the past two years, we've focused on novel clinical research solutions with the potential to accelerate the time from study initiation to regulatory decision, increasing our overall innovation capacity. This will allow us to reach more patients and accelerate life-changing cancer therapies to benefit patients globally."
"ConcertAI is at the forefront of connecting healthcare and data to improve patient outcomes. Its vision and roadmap make it a leader in AI SaaS solutions for biomedical innovators and healthcare provider networks," said Sixth Street Co-founding Partner Vijay Mohan. "The company has established transformational relationships with industry-leading biomedical innovators, medical societies, US FDA, CROs, and healthcare providers. Through highly focused execution and an ecosystem-centric approach, ConcertAI is poised to continue delivering for patients by speeding biomedical innovations with digital trial solutions and supporting precision medicine and AI-augmented decision support."
Sixth Street Managing Director Adam Kaye will be joining ConcertAI's board of directors, with Managing Director Lee Mooney joining as a board observer.
JP Morgan acted as sole placement agent to ConcertAI.
About ConcertAI
ConcertAI is the global leader in life sciences and healthcare enterprise AI and RWD SaaS solutions. Our mission is to broadly advance the goals of precision medicine, accelerate delivery of innovative new therapies, generate evidence in support of regulatory and reimbursement decisions, support provider clinical decisions, and improve clinical outcomes for patients. We work in partnership with the leading biomedical innovators, health care providers, and medical societies. For more information, visit us at http://www.concertai.com.
About Sixth Street
Sixth Street is a global investment firm with over $60 billion in assets under management and committed capital. Sixth Street uses its long-term, flexible capital, data-enabled capabilities, and One Team culture to develop themes and offers solutions to companies across all stages of growth. The firm's healthcare and life sciences team provides strategic capital and forms long-term partnerships with companies creating new technologies to address pressing healthcare challenges and improve patient care. Select Sixth Street investments include Biohaven, Caris Life Sciences, Datavant, DrFirst, Mammoth Biosciences, MDLIVE, and Visiquate. For more information, visit www.sixthstreet.com, follow Sixth Street on LinkedIn, or on Twitter@SixthStreetNews.
© 2017-2023 ConcertAI. All Rights Reserved. ConcertAI is a SymphonyAI company.