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Spain sees record rise in employment
By Euro Weekly News Media • 26 July 2018 • 8:38
THE number of new jobs created in Spain in the second quarter of the year was 469,900 – the highest figure ever seen since records began 10 years ago.
It helped reduce unemployment by 306,000, with the jobless rate now standing at 15.28%, which is the lowest for nearly a decade, according to data from the Active Population Survey (EPA). There are still 3.49 million out of work.
The total number of people now employed stands at 19.34 million and if current trends continue the number of jobs in Spain is likely to reach 20 million sometime next year.
Most new jobs were created in the service sector (+371,000), while the rebound in construction (+63,400) was reflected in the figures.
Nearly all the extra jobs came in the private sector (+457,800 to 16.22 million) with the public sector only adding 12,100 to its 3.12 million total.
By region, the biggest falls in unemployment were in Andalusia (-65,400), Madrid (-45,900) and Valencia (-32,600). In terms of jobs created, the Balearic Islands led the way (+85,400), followed by Andalusia (+64,700) and Catalonia (+57,200).
Although good figures, there is a worry that many of the new jobs may be rather precarious. The number of temporary contracts increased 5.6%, compared to the 2% rise in indefinite contracts.
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Centre for Youth Substance Abuse ResearchCentre for Youth Substance Abuse Research
Technical Reports and Monographs
Adjunct and Honorary
Dr Gary Chan
c.chan4@uq.edu.au
Dr Gary Chan is a UQ Research Fellow at the Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research. His principal research interest lies in the field of substance misuse prevention and the application of cutting-edge statistical methods for longitudinal analysis. His recent publications have been focused on polysubstance use (including alcohol, tobacco and cannabis) profiles in adolescent populations, examinations of urban-rural differences in substance use, and the epidemiology of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use. He collaborates extensively with leading researchers in major national and international institutes, including the University of Washington, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the University of Melbourne, and University College London. He has also served as a consultant at the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to improve existing methods for monitoring global trends in illicit substance production, trafficking and use. This work has had significant impact on how global data will be collected, and these new data will be used by the United Nations and many national governments to inform drug policy decision making.
Dr Chan is also a statistical advisor at the School of Psychology, providing statistical advice to academic staff and RHD students. Since 2016, he has also delivered several advanced statistcal workshops at the School on R and multilevel modelling.
Conference Papers 6 Journal Articles 44 Theses 1
Campbell, Gabrielle, Nielsen, Suzanne, Lintzeris, Nicholas, Bruno, Raimondo, Peacock, Amy, Chan, Gary C. K., Larance, Briony, Cohen, Milton, Farrell, Michael, Hall, Wayne D. and Degenhardt, Louisa (2017). Cannabis use among people prescribed opioids for chronic non-cancer pain: observations from the point cohort. In: APSAD 2017 Conference, Melbourne, Australia, (24-25). 12-15 November 2017.
Dingle, Genevieve, Haslam, Catherine, Best, David, Chan, Gary C. K., Staiger, Petra K., Savic, Michael, Beckwith, Melinda, Mackenzie, Jock, Bathish, Ramez and Lubman, Dan I. (2017). Social factors predict addiction treatment commitment and retention better than substance related and other individual factors. In: APSAD 2017 Conference, Melbourne, Australia, (29-29). 12–15 November 2017.
Leung, Janni, Santomauro, Damian, Galasyuk, Nataliya, Kelly, Adrian, Connor, Jason, Hall, Wayne and Chan, Gary (2016). Gender differences in binge drinking in 278 countries - a meta-analysis by global regions. In: Drug and Alcohol Review. Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Conference 2016, Sydney, NSW, Australia, (50-50). 30 October –2 November 2016. doi:10.1111/dar.12484
Chan, Gary, Kelly, Adrian, Connor, Jason, Hall, Wayne and Leung, Janni (2016). Prevalence of parental alcohol supply and adolescent alcohol use in 45 low and middle income countries. In: Drug and Alcohol Review. Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Conference 2016, Sydney, NSW, Australia, (30-31). 30 October -2 November 2016. doi:10.1111/dar.12484
Chan, Gary, Connor, Jason P., Gullo, Matthew J., Young, Ross M. C. D., Hall, Wayne and Feeney, Gerald F. X. (2013). A latent class analysis of polydrug use in treatment-seeking cannabis users: the role of social cognitive mechanisms. In: Special Issue: Abstracts of the Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Conference. Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Conference, Brisbane, QLD Australia, (30-30). 24-27 November 2013. doi:10.1111/dar.12077
Chan, Gary Chung Kai, Kelly, Adrian, Toumbourou, John W., Young, Ross, Haynes, Michele, Hemphill, Sheryl and Catalano, Richard (2012). Predicting steep trajectories of alcohol use in young adolescents: evidence of age-related variation in key risk factors. In: Abstracts of the Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Conference 2012. Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Conference 2012, Melbourne, Australia, (71-71). 18-21 November 2012. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00514.x
Chan, Gary, Leung, Janni, Gartner, Coral, Yong, Hua-Hie, Borland, Ron and Hall, Wayne (2019) Correlates of electronic cigarette use in the general population and among smokers in Australia – findings from a nationally representative survey. Addictive Behaviors, 95 6-10. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.02.012
Chan, Gary Chung Kai, Leung, Janni and Hall, Wayne (2019) Non-medical use of pharmaceutical opioids with and without other illicit substances in Australia: prevalence and correlates. Drug and Alcohol Review, 38 2: 151-158. doi:10.1111/dar.12893
Plenty, Stephanie M., Evans-Whipp, Tracy J., Chan, Gary C. K., Kelly, Adrian B., Toumbourou, John W., Patton, George C., Hemphill, Sheryl A. and Smith, Rachel (2019) Predicting alcohol misuse among Australian 19-year-olds from adolescent drinking trajectories. Substance Use and Misuse, 54 2: . doi:10.1080/10826084.2018.1517172
Chan, Gary C.K., Butterworth, Peter, Becker, Denise, Degenhardt, Louisa, Stockings, Emily, Hall, Wayne and Patton, George (2019) Longitudinal patterns of amphetamine use from adolescence to adulthood: a latent class analysis of a 20-year prospective study of Australians. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 194 121-127. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.042
Chan, Gary, Morphett, Kylie, Gartner, Coral, Leung, Janni, Yong, Hua-Hie, Hall, Wayne and Borland, Ron (2019) Predicting vaping uptake, vaping frequency and ongoing vaping among daily smokers using longitudinal data from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Surveys. Addiction, . doi:10.1111/add.14537
Lucke, Jayne, Jensen, Charmaine, Dunn, Matthew, Chan, Gary, Forlini, Cynthia, Kaye, Sharlene, Partridge, Bradley, Farrell, Michael, Racine, Eric and Hall, Wayne (2018) Non-medical prescription stimulant use to improve academic performance among Australian university students: prevalence and correlates of use. BMC Public Health, 18 1: 1270. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6212-0
Mehus, Christopher J., Forster, Myriam, Chan, Gary, Hemphill, Sheryl A., Toumbourou, John W. and McMorris, Barbara J. (2018) Longitudinal, reciprocal relationships between family management and antisocial peer associations. Journal of Adolescence, 68 146-151. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.015
Patton, Kiri A., Gullo, Matthew J., Connor, Jason P., Chan, Gary C. K., Kelly, Adrian B., Catalano, Richard F. and Toumbourou, John W. (2018) Social cognitive mediators of the relationship between impulsivity traits and adolescent alcohol use: identifying unique targets for prevention. Addictive Behaviors, 84 79-85. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.031
Chan, Gary C. K., Leung, Janni, Kelly, Adrian B., Connor, Jason, Edward, Stephanie, Hall, Wayne, Degenhardt, Louisa, Chiu, Vivian and Patton, George (2018) Familial alcohol supply, adolescent drinking and early alcohol onset in 45 low and middle income countries. Addictive Behaviors, 84 178-185. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.04.014
Campbell, Gabrielle, Hall, Wayne D., Peacock, Amy, Lintzeris, Nicholas, Bruno, Raimondo, Larance, Briony, Nielsen, Suzanne, Cohen, Milton, Chan, Gary, Mattick, Richard P., Blyth, Fiona, Shanahan, Marian, Dobbins, Timothy, Farrell, Michael and Degenhardt, Louisa (2018) Effect of cannabis use in people with chronic non-cancer pain prescribed opioids: findings from a 4-year prospective cohort study. The Lancet Public Health, 3 7: e341-e350. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30110-5
Thomas, Rebekah L., Kelly, Adrian B., Chan, Gary C. K., Hides, Leanne M., Quinn, Catherine A., Kavanagh, David J. and Williams, Joanne W. (2018) An examination of gender differences in the association of adolescent substance use with eating and weight loss attitudes. Substance Use and Misuse, 53 13: 1-7. doi:10.1080/10826084.2018.1455703
Mehus, Christopher J., Doty, Jennifer, Chan, Gary, Kelly, Adrian B., Hemphill, Sheryl, Toumbourou, John and McMorris, Barbara J. (2018) Testing the social interaction learning model's applicability to adolescent substance misuse in an Australian context. Substance Use and Misuse, 53 11: 1-10. doi:10.1080/10826084.2018.1441307
Chan, Gary C. K., Quinn, Catherine, Leung, Janni, Weier, Megan and Hall, Wayne (2017) Socio-economic differentials in cannabis use trends in Australia. Addiction, 113 3: 454-461. doi:10.1111/add.14010
Chan, Gary, Hall, Wayne, Freeman, Tom, Ferris, Jason, Kelly, Adrian and Winstock, Adam R. (2017) User characteristics and effect profile of Butane Hash Oil: an extremely high-potency cannabis concentrate. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 178 32-38. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.04.014
Thomas, Rebekah L., Kelly, Adrian B., Chan, Gary C. K. and Williams, Joanne W. (2017) Linking eating and weight control attitudes to relationship experiences: a large-scale survey of adolescent females. Journal of Adolescence, 58 67-73. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.04.008
Chan, Gary C. K., Leung, Janni, Connor, Jason, Hall, Wayne and Kelly, Adrian B. (2017) Parental supply of alcohol and adolescent drinking: a multilevel analysis of nationally representative data. BMC Public Health, 17 560: 560. doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4472-8
Chan, Gary C. K., Kelly, Adrian B., Carroll, Annemaree and Williams, Joanne W. (2017) Peer drug use and adolescent polysubstance use: do parenting and school factors moderate this association?. Addictive Behaviors, 64 78-81. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.004
Chan, Gary C. K., Kelly, Adrian B., Connor, Jason P., Hall, Wayne D., Young, Ross McD. and Williams, Joanne W. (2016) Does parental monitoring and disapproval explain variations in alcohol use among adolescents from different countries of birth?. Drug and Alcohol Review, 35 6: 741-749. doi:10.1111/dar.12413
Quinn, Catherine A., Fitzpatrick, Sally, Bussey, Kay, Hides, Leanne and Chan, Gary C. K. (2016) Associations between the group processes of bullying and adolescent substance use. Addictive Behaviors, 62 6-13. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.06.007
Chan, Gary C. K., Kelly, Adrian B., Hides, Leanne, Quinn, Catherine and Williams, Joanne W. (2016) Does gender moderate the relationship between polydrug use and sexual risk-taking among Australian secondary school students under 16years of age?. Drug and Alcohol Review, 35 6: 750-754. doi:10.1111/dar.12394
Chan, Gary C. K., Leung, Janni K., Quinn, Catherine, Connor, Jason P., Hides, Leanne, Gullo, Matthew J., Alati, Rosa, Weier, Megan, Kelly, Adrian B. and Hall, Wayne D. (2016) Trend in alcohol use in Australia over 13 years: has there been a trend reversal?. BMC Public Health, 16 1: 1-9. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3732-3
Erskine, Holly E., Norman, Rosana E., Ferrari, Alize J., Chan, Gary C.K., Copeland, William E., Whiteford, Harvey A. and Scott, James G. (2016) Long-term outcomes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 55 10: 841-850. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.016
Hinchliff, Gemma L.M., Kelly, A. B., Chan, Gary C.K., Patton, George C. and Williams, Joanne (2016) Risky dieting behaviors amongst adolescent girls: associations with family relationship problems and depressed mood. Eating Behaviors, 22 222-224. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.06.001
Betts, Kim S., Chan, Gary, Mcilwraith, Fairlie, Dietze, Paul, Whittaker, Elizabeth, Burns, Lucy and Alati, Rosa (2016) Differences in polysubstance use patterns and drug-related outcomes between people who inject drugs receiving and not receiving opioid substitution therapies. Addiction, 111 7: 1214-1223. doi:10.1111/add.13339
Lai, Foon Yin, O'Brien, Jake W., Thai, Phong K., Hall, Wayne, Chan, Gary, Bruno, Raimondo, Ort, Christoph, Prichard, Jeremy, Carter, Steve, Anuj, Shalona, Kirkbride, K. Paul, Gartner, Coral, Humphries, Melissa and Mueller, Jochen F. (2016) Cocaine, MDMA and methamphetamine residues in wastewater: consumption trends (2009-2015) in South East Queensland, Australia. Science of The Total Environment, 568 803-809. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.181
Chan, Gary C.K., Leung, Janni, Quinn, Catherine, Kelly, Adrian B., Connor, Jason P., Weier, Megan Weier and Hall, Wayne D. (2016) Rural and urban differences in adolescent alcohol use, alcohol supply, and parental drinking. Journal of Rural Health, 32 3: 280-286. doi:10.1111/jrh.12151
Kelly, Adrian B., Chan, Gary C. K., Weier, Megan, Quinn, Catherine, Gullo, Matthew J., Connor, Jason P. and Hall, Wayne D. (2016) Parental supply of alcohol to Australian minors: An analysis of six nationally representative surveys spanning 15 years. BMC Public Health, 16 1: . doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3004-2
Hall, Wayne D. and Chan, Gary (2016) Commentary on Ogeil et al. (2016): explaining increased alcohol-related harm and stable per capita consumption in Australia. Addiction, 111 4: 635-636. doi:10.1111/add.13246
Degenhardt, Louisa, Larney, Sarah, Chan, Gary, Dobbins, Timothy, Weier, Megan, Roxburgh, Amanda, Hall, Wayne D. and McKetin, Rebecca (2016) Estimating the number of regular and dependent methamphetamine users in Australia, 2002-2014. Medical Journal of Australia, 204 4: 1.e1-1.e6. doi:10.5694/mja15.00671
Chan, Gary C. K., Kelly, Adrian, Connor, Jason P., Hall, Wayne, Young, Ross McD., Toumbourou, John W. and Williams, Joanne (2016) Regional versus urban differences in teenage alcohol use: Does parental disapproval account for these differences?. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 24 1: 3-8. doi:10.1111/ajr.12177
Thomas, Hannah J., Chan, Gary C. K., Scott, James G., Connor, Jason P., Kelly, A.B. and Williams, Joanne (2016) Association of different forms of bullying victimisation with adolescents' psychological distress and reduced emotional wellbeing. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 50 4: 371-379. doi:10.1177/0004867415600076
Kelly, Adrian B., Chan, Gary C. K., Mason, Alex W. and Williams, Joanne W. (2015) The relationship between psychological distress and adolescent polydrug use. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 29 3: 787-793. doi:10.1037/adb0000068
Kelly, Adrian B., Evans-Whipp, Tracy J., Smith, Rachel, Chan, Gary C. K., Toumbourou, John, Patton, George C., Hemphill, Sheryl A., Hall, Wayne D. and Catalano, Richard R. (2015) A longitudinal study of the association of adolescent polydrug use, alcohol use and high school non-completion. Addiction, 110 4: 627-635. doi:10.1111/add.12829
Li, H. Karen, Kelly, Adrian B., Chan, Gary C. K., Toumbourou, John W., Patton, George C. and Williams, Joanne W. (2014) The association of puberty and young adolescent alcohol use: do parents have a moderating role?. Addictive Behaviors, 39 10: 1389-1393. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.05.006
Kelly, Adrian B., Chan, Gary C. K., White, Angela, Saunders, John B., Baker, Peter J. and Connor, Jason P. (2014) Is there any evidence of changes in patterns of concurrent drug use among young Australians 18-29 years between 2007 and 2010?. Addictive Behaviors, 39 8: 1249-1252. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.04.009
Wright, Boyd R., Zuur, Alain F. and Chan, Gary C. K. (2014) Proximate causes and possible adaptive functions of mast seeding and barren flower shows in spinifex grasses (Triodia spp.) in arid regions of Australia. Rangeland Journal, 36 3: 297-308. doi:10.1071/RJ13104
Quek, Lake-Hui, Chan, Gary C. K., White, Angela, Connor, Jason P., Baker, Peter J., Saunders, John B. and Kelly, Adrian B. (2013) Concurrent and simultaneous polydrug use: latent class analysis of an Australian nationally representative sample of young adults. Frontiers in Public Health, 1 61: 1-9. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2013.00061
Chan, Gary C. K, Kelly, Adrian B., Toumbourou, John W., Hemphill, Sheryl A., Young, Ross McD., Haynes, Michele A. and Catalano, Richard F. (2013) Predicting steep escalations in alcohol use over the teenage years: age-related variations in key social influences. Addiction, 108 11: 1924-1932. doi:10.1111/add.12295
Smith, Dayna T., Kelly, Adrian B., Chan, Gary C. K., Toumbourou, John W., Patton, George C. and Williams, Joanne W. (2013) Beyond the primary influences of parents and peers on very young adolescent alcohol use: evidence of independent community effects. Journal of Early Adolescence, OnlineFirst 5: 1-16. doi:10.1177/0272431613498647
Chan, Gary C. K., Kelly, Adrian B. and Toumbourou, John W. (2013) Accounting for the association of family conflict and heavy alcohol use among adolescent girls: the role of depressed mood. Journal of Studies On Alcohol and Drugs, 74 3: 396-405. doi:10.15288/jsad.2013.74.396
White, Angela, Chan, Gary C. K., Quek, Lake-Hui, Connor, Jason P., Saunders, John B., Baker, Peter, Brackenridge, Charlotte and Kelly, Adrian B. (2013) The topography of multiple drug use among adolescent Australians: findings from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey. Addictive Behaviors, 38 4: 2068-2073. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.01.001
Connor, Jason P., Gullo, Matthew J., Chan, Gary, Young, Ross McD., Hall, Wayne D. and Feeney, Gerald F. X. (2013) Polysubstance use in cannabis users referred for treatment: Drug use profiles, psychiatric comorbidity and cannabis-related beliefs. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 4 AUG: 79.1-79.6. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00079
Kelly, Adrian B., Chan, Gary C. K., Toumbourou, John W., O'Flaherty, Martin, Homel, Ross, Patton, George C. and Williams, Joanne (2012) Very young adolescents and alcohol: Evidence of a unique susceptibility to peer alcohol use.. Addictive Behaviors, 37 4: 414-419. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.11.038
Kelly, Adrian, Chan, Gary C. K. and O'Flaherty, Martin (2012) How important is the context of an adolescent's first alcoholic drink? Evidence that parental provision may reduce later heavy episodic drinking. European Addiction Research, 18 3: 140-148. doi:10.1159/000335059
Chan, Chung Kai (2013). Understanding steep escalations in alcohol use over the teenage years PhD Thesis, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland. doi:10.14264/uql.2014.88
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Inproceedings669
The Specification Language KARL and Its Declarative Semantics
Dieter Fensel, Jürgen Angele, Rudi Studer
Published: 1994 September
Buchtitel: Proceedings of the IS-CORE94 Workshop, Amsterdam, September 27-30, 1994, research report, Free University of Amsterdam
The Knowledge Acquisition and Representation Language (KARL) combines a description of a knowledge-based system (kbs) at the conceptual level (a so-called model of expertise) with a description at a formal and executable level. It is a specification language which allows the precise and unique description of a kbs independently from implementational details. In the paper, KARL is mainly discussed as a formal language. That is, the paper introduces a formal semantics for KARL. Because KARL allows the representation of static and dynamic (i.e., procedural) knowledge, its semantics must integrate both types of knowledge. First, an object-oriented logic L-KARL was developed which can be used to specify static knowledge. Second, dynamic logic was used to de velop P-KARL for specifying knowledge about dynamics. Third, both languages had to be combined to represent a complete model of expertise. As a result, the integrated description of static and dynamic knowledge based on a well-defined declarative framework becomes possible.
Download: Media:1994_669_Fensel_The_Specificati_1.ps.gz
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Bad weather apparently played as much of a role as the bad economy in pushing Pennsylvania Lottery sales down slightly in the last fiscal year.
KYW's Tony Romeo reports from Harrisburg that the lottery, like other businesses, is affected by the economy, according to spokeswoman Kirsten Alvanitakis.
Actually, Pennsylvania Lottery sales were off $22.4 million, or less than one percent, in the 2009-10 fiscal year. Sales totaled $3.065 billion.
And despite the slight drop in sales, the nearly $916 million in profit represents an increase of more than $5 million achieved through savings in operating costs.
Alvanitakis says there's still no evidence that casinos are having an impact on the Pennsylvania Lottery.


text:
Q: HTML element appears out of the pages edge I createed the following HTML element:
<div classname='PopUp> </div>

and I gave it the following CSS properties:
.PopUp{
padding: 8px 7px 6px;
          position: absolute;
          z-index: 1;
          top: -10000px;
          left: -10000px;
          margin-top: -6px;
          opacity: 0;
          background-color: gray;
          border-radius: 4px;
          transition: opacity 0.75s;
}

Now I make it to pop up relative to the mouse-curser piston and I gave it the following rules:
import {
  Range,
  Editor,
  Transforms,
  createEditor,
  Node,
  Element as SlateElement,
} from "slate";

React.useEffect(() => {
    const el = ref.current;
    const { selection } = editor;

    if (!el) {
      return;
    }

    if (
      !selection ||
      !ReactEditor.isFocused(editor) ||
      Range.isCollapsed(selection) ||
      Editor.string(editor, selection) === ""
    ) {
      el.removeAttribute("style");
      return;
    }

    const domSelection = window.getSelection()!;
    const domRange = domSelection.getRangeAt(0);
    const rect = domRange.getBoundingClientRect();
    el.style.opacity = "1";
    el.style.top = `${rect.top + window.pageYOffset - el.offsetHeight}px`;
    el.style.left = `${
      rect.left + window.pageXOffset - el.offsetWidth / 2 + rect.width / 2
    }px`;
  });

But when it appears, part of it appears behind the website page... How to fix that?

A: you need to set the el.style.left to 0px when the curser is close the pages's edge. So, replace el.style.left = ${rect.left + window.pageXOffset - el.offsetWidth / 2 + rect.width / 2}px with
const position = rect.left + window.pageXOffset - el.offsetWidth / 2 + rect.width / 2;
el.style.left = `${position < 0 ? 0 :position}px`;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hangs 13" long from 12" long chain. 9" diameter, 3 layers of color. Matches our Mini Multi Blues beaded curtain and Standing Mini Pop Swirly Lamp.
I bought this for my daughters room. It is perfect and makes a statement hanging in her room. She loves it and it was easy to put together and hang.
What a cute chandelier perfect for a teenagers room. This product came right out of box(just had to attach light) ready to install. Really great quality and so pretty all lit up!


The hospitality industry is one of the more obvious touch screen markets. When the end goal is the comfort and ease of guests and visitors, touch-integrated monitors and displays are the perfection solution. They both impress and add value to the customer's experience.
A touch monitor could allow guests to check in or out of the hotel, to reserve a future stay, or to print boarding passes. A monitor or display might feature flight information, possibly information specific to the person using the device. The hotel might employ a touch-integrated kiosk so that guests can find their way around the hotel or neighboring area. An interactive digital display could allow guests to preview upcoming hotel specials or to search for nearby restaurants or entertainment venues.
Employees can use the touch monitors and displays to engage with customers. Incorporating a touch-integrated solution into the employees' workflow has another value add; a streamlined work process frees employees to focus on their real work, which is ensuring the happiness of guests and customers. Such focus is essential in the hospitality environment; customer service makes or breaks it. A smoother work process also tends to create a much more productive and contented workplace.


text:
Но́вые Атаги́ (, от «тогӏе» — долина у реки) — село в Шалинском районе Чеченской Республики. Административный центр Ново-Атагинского сельского поселения.

География

Село расположено на правом берегу реки Аргун, в 7 км к юго-западу от районного центра — Шали и в 22 км к юго-востоку от города Грозный.

Ближайшие населённые пункты: на севере — село Чечен-Аул, на северо-востоке — село Белгатой, на востоке — Шали, на юго-западе — село Чири-Юрт и на западе за рекой Аргун — село Старые Атаги.

История
На территории села выявлены курганы скифского времени в которых найдены бронзовые артефакты. Памятники исследованы в 1958 году Р. М. Мунчаевым. Также на берегу реки Аргун в 1959 году был найден большой клиновидный каменный топор со сверлиной, который датируется бронзовым веком.

По преданиям, селение основали представители двух тайпов — беной и гендарганой.

12 февраля 1822 года во время восстания в Чечне в результате ожесточённого штурма, предпринятого русскими войсками под командованием генерала Грекова, село было полностью уничтожено.

Согласно архивным данным, в 1856 году село насчитывало 111 дворов. Новые Атаги быстро разрастались — всего через три года в селе насчитывалось уже 285 дворов. В 1886 году в Чечне прошла первая перепись. Согласно её данным, в Атагах насчитывалось 473 двора, в селе проживало 2202 человека (1084 мужчины и 1084 женщины).

В 1912 году в селе была построена существующая до сих пор главная мечеть. В 1937 году она была закрыта под лозунгами борьбы с религией. Но затем, под давлением протестов населения, она была открыта вновь. После Великой Отечественной войны в мечети был оборудован склад зерна. Мечеть была вновь открыта для посещения в октябре 1979 года.

С 1944 по 1958 года, в период депортации чеченцев и ингушей и упразднения Чечено-Ингушской АССР, село носило название Майское.

Во время войн село было разрушено и после боевых действий восстановлено жителями.

В 2012 году в селе был установлен мемориал погибшим и пропавшим без вести участникам Великой Отечественной войны. На обелиске высечены 143 фамилии.

Население

 Национальный состав
По данным Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года:

Образование
 Новоатагинская муниципальная основная общеобразовательная школа.
 Новоатагинская муниципальная средняя общеобразовательная школа — интернат 10.
 Новоатагинская муниципальная средняя общеобразовательная школа № 1.
 Новоатагинская муниципальная средняя общеобразовательная школа № 2.

Примечания

Литература

Новые Атаги

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


At Father Joe's Villages, we believe in the potential of our clients. Our sector-based vocational training programs, including our long-standing Culinary Arts Program, open the door to a new, hopeful future for individuals like Alejandro.
Alejandro poses in the kitchen of the Culinary Arts Program.
During a rainstorm, Alejandro sought warmth at Father Joe's Villages which had opened the shelter for those in need due to inclement weather. There, Alejandro shared his story with a Father Joe's Villages staff member who then directed him on how he could get a permanent bed in the shelter. After completing an evaluation, Alejandro was relieved to be admitted into Father Joe's Villages.
During his stay at Father Joe's Villages, Alejandro's chore was to clean the kitchen. He would stay extra hours after his shift.
That's when Alejandro decided to enroll in the Father Joe's Villages Culinary Arts Program (CAP), an extensive 14- week culinary training program. CAP not only teaches students the skills needed to work as cooks in the sought-after hospitality industry, but also the expertise required to apply for jobs and succeed in today's competitive job market.
Alejandro helps serve the food he prepared with his fellow CAP students at Father Joe's Villages' Taste of the Village 2019.
In the CAP program, Alejandro found a passion for cooking and a new course for his future. During Thanksgiving, Alejandro made most of the 250 apple pies sold at Father Joe's Villages' Annual Thanksgiving Day 5k himself. It took him a week, mixing all the ingredients from scratch and creating each pie by hand one-by-one.
Alejandro considers his biggest accomplishment during his stay at Father Joe's Villages to be graduating from the CAP program. He credits Father Joe's Villages with showing him a way out of homelessness, and with helping him gain back his indepence.
Currently, Alejandro is participating in a 6-month paid internship that Father Joe's Villages offers through CAP, working in the kitchens at the East Village.
Alejandro plans to keep cooking and hopes to someday make a cereer as a chef. He is optimistic about where his new skill could take him.


This site is for all mushroom and fungus lovers. I am a member of the British Mycological Society, the London Fungus Group and the North American Mycological Society. I welcome input and photos of fungi from all over the world. The extraordinary thing about our hobby is that the same fungus can be found in almost every similar climatic region all of the world (e.g. Chlorophyllum molybdites, the Green-spored Shaggycap) or be specific to a particular region such as Jackson's Amanita (Amanita Jacksonii) a fungus that resembles the delicious Caesar's Mushroom (A. Caesarea) but tastes nothing like as good. I've written my first field guide to fungi "Mushrooms and Fungi of Britain and Northern Europe" which was published last year and my next book "Mushrooms of Quebec and Eastern Canada" is coming out soon (in French first). I may also be writing another "Mushrooms of Northern Europe" but for some reason it is on hold. There is so much to say and write about fungi and I am looking for photographs to post, especially of my favourite fungus, the Porcelain Mushroom (Armillaria mucida) which is translucent and glistening and looks particularly lovely when the light shines through it. It grows mainly on beech trees (Fagus spp.).


text:
"So there was hail, and fire mingled with the hail, very grievous, such as there was none like it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation."
Exodus 9:24 Context
21And he that regarded not the word of the LORD left his servants and his cattle in the field. 22And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch forth thine hand toward heaven, that there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, upon man, and upon beast, and upon every herb of the field, throughout the land of Egypt. 23And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven: and the LORD sent thunder and hail, and the fire ran along upon the ground; and the LORD rained hail upon the land of Egypt. 24So there was hail, and fire mingled with the hail, very grievous, such as there was none like it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation. 25And the hail smote throughout all the land of Egypt all that was in the field, both man and beast; and the hail smote every herb of the field, and brake every tree of the field. 26Only in the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel were, was there no hail. 27And Pharaoh sent, and called for Moses and Aaron, and said unto them, I have sinned this time: the LORD is righteous, and I and my people are wicked.
Bible Verses like Exodus 9:24
So there was haile, and fire mingled with the haile, very grieuous, such as there was none like it in all the land of Egypt, since it became a nation.
So there was hail, and fire flashing continually in the midst of the hail, very severe, such as had not been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.
So there was hail, and fire mingled with the hail, very grievous, such as had not been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.
So there was an ice-storm with fire running through it, coming down with great force, such as never was in all the land of Egypt from the time when it became a nation.
And there was hail, and fire mingled with the hail, very grievous, such as there had been none like it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.
So there was hail, and fire mingled with the hail, very grievous, such as there had been none like it in all the land of Egypt, since it became a nation.
So there was very severe hail, and lightning mixed with the hail, such as had not been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.
and there is hail, and fire catching itself in the midst of the hail, very grievous, such as hath not been in all the land of Egypt since it hath become a nation.
So there was hail, and fire flashing up amidst the hail, very grievous, such as had not been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.
Discussion for Exodus 9:24


Used to dogs that are, almost always, angling for a pat on the head, even from strangers, we approach to greet the four "Chinese emperors"—Pu Yi, Kuya or Ming Yi, Ping Yi and Pong Yi. Each one skitters away.
One manages to scratch the photographer's hand and draws blood when he steps too close to take a photo.
Fores and her Araneta cousins grew up around dogs. Her maternal ancestral home, Bahay na Puti in Cubao, to this day, is filled with much-loved canines.
Until the last couple of years, she had never taken care of felines, which are often aloof and mistrustful, the complete polar opposites of the affectionate dogs nurtured by her family. She took them off the streets, near her restaurants, by her home's doorstep.
"My family freaks out [around my cats]. My son doesn't get it," she adds with a laugh, cuddling Ming Yi, in the process covering her black tee in cat fur.
Asia's Best Female Chef of 2016 is used to it. Like other cat and dog lovers, she considers pet hair on her clothes a badge of pride and honor. Her home décor has also given way to kitschy cat knickknacks, gifts from friends.
Another chef and longtime dog lover, Sau del Rosario, is under the spell of cats, all six of them. The way he gushes about his felines now, even he would never have foreseen a few years back.
He took in his first kitten, a Himalayan, with much reluctance and incredulity. "I'm the sporty type. What would I do with a cat? I won't be like a 'cat lady!'" he told his manager, who gifted him Magnet, the alpha in his litter, about five years ago.
Pretty soon, he was rescuing kittens off the streets, bringing them into his home to join his lone dog, Mojita, a Shih Tzu, who, he says, thinks she's also a cat since she grew up with Magnet.
He even adopted one in Boracay, who followed him to his resort-hotel while he was on birthday holiday last year; the hotel owner thoughtfully shipped Bory to him to Manila.
"They're like my children. Of course, like any parent, you have a favorite, but I try not to show them," he says with a laugh.
And like a doting parent, he describes each of his cats' special and distinct qualities: Magnet flushes the toilet; Snowy "talks"; Missy the Persian is "minsan malambing, minsan masungit"; Fely is "grouchy"; Chiquito is "super malambing"; Bory, being a stray, has "no manners" and is his home's wrecking ball who bullies the others.
In 2003, he bought a female Persian and a male Siamese in the naïve thought that they'd breed a Himalayan. They've since multiplied, their spawn Ao has gifted to designer friends Ivarluski Aseron, Joey Samson and Jojie Lloren.
Catwalk goddess Marina Benipayo, meanwhile, found Kitiket at her doorstep two and a half years ago, dirty and so skinny she thought the kitten would die. She brought the stray to the vet, where it was nursed back to health.
The veteran model decided to keep her, and has since made it her personal advocacy to have stray cats or puspin adopted.
Benipayo thinks Kitiket's arrival was good timing, since she and actor-husband Ricardo Cepeda are now empty nesters. They take in strays, nurse them to health, then have them adopted.
Media and communication consultant Anjie Ureta gravitated toward cats while growing up, even as there were also dogs in her grandfather's house.
However, "I didn't really have one that was truly mine until I moved out to my own place and was gifted with a lovely Siamese whom I named Ananda, meaning 'bliss,'" Ureta says.
Ureta would rather not be classified under cat-loving stereotypes—independent and intelligent, but also introverted and standoffish, neurotic, and prone to worrying—"but I guess there is a logical reason you are attracted to certain kinds of pets more than others," she says.


10% OFF TODAY! Special Bulk Buy Offer!
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Natracare award-winning maternity pads are specially designed for new mothers using only totally chlorine-free and 100% plastic free organic and natural ingredients.
Many products available to nursing mothers contain synthetics and super absorbents derived from the petroleum industry, which can have a negative impact, both on women's health and our environment.
During pregnancy, women are naturally more aware of and concerned about the health and care of their bodies.
The pureness of Natracare products can provide women with the necessary reassurance that is so important at this time of their lives.
The Natracare maternity pads are totally chlorine-free and plastic-free, being made from materials that are derived from natural, renewable and sustainable resources.
Because the Natracare maternity pads are over 95% biodegradable and compostable, you are also taking care of your child's future environment too.
Very fast delivery even the standard Royal Mail was with us within 2 days of ordering. Great I could order more than one box for a discounted rate as well.


SHADOWBOXING is great for a number of reasons. It's the perfect way to warm-up your specific muscles before you do your boxing session. You will be moving around. Use your legs, move your head, relax the shoulders, throw some punches. Shake your limbs out. Repeat! Breathe and put some purpose into your movements. You should be breaking a sweat.
It's great to work on technique – it's great to work on certain offensive or defensive moves, you can take your time, and check out your form in your mirror. Instead of working on the entire movement, maybe you can pick out one or two key points to focus on. Once that part feels right, you can move on to another detail or try the movement in its entirety. Repetition is important but only after you know for sure that you're practising the right thing. Practice makes permanent so make sure you're doing it right or you will quickly pick up bad habits. This is where having a coach helps.
Most pro fighters use shadow for gameplans. Shadowboxing is perfect for working on key strategic moments before a fight. Maybe you're boxing an opponent who always drops his lead hand after throwing a punch, if you know this you can work on a gameplan of countering the jab with an overhand right. Or if you're fighting a southpaw you can visualise the southpaw stance infront of you while you're moving around shadowboxing.
Every now and then after a hard session, we can use shadowboxing to warm-down. Move slowly, relax, breathe. Reflect on the session that you just have just done. Think about different techniques or movement strategies that could have helped you and work on them. You've already done the hard work for the day. Help remove all the lactic acid out of your body, while you shaking it out, burning them last few calories, keeping the sweat coming out of your body before you shower and get weighed.


text:
Saudi Arabia: A senior Saudi police officer has been killed in blast
RIYADH: A homemade explosive device has killed a senior Saudi police officer in a town where deadly violence has flared in recent weeks, the interior ministry said on Monday.
Major Tariq al-Alaqi was killed and two policemen were wounded in the blast late Sunday in Awamiya, the ministry said in a statement.
They were patrolling the town's old Almosara neighbourhood, where unrest has escalated in recent weeks around a redevelopment project.
Alaqi is at least the fourth person to have been killed in the violence.
The interior ministry has implicated criminals involved in the drug and arms trade in the violence in Awamiya.
Awamiya, in Eastern Province, has seen repeated security incidents in recent years.
Previous 35 people killed due to rain-related incidents in Bangladesh
Next One person injured due to shot fire at railway station near Munich, says police


text:
using base::TimeTicks;

namespace content {
namespace {

static int kBufferSize = 1024 * 512;
static int kMinAllocationSize = 1024 * 4;
static int kMaxAllocationSize = 1024 * 32;

void GetNumericArg(const std::string& name, int* result) {
  const std::string& value =
      CommandLine::ForCurrentProcess()->GetSwitchValueASCII(name);
  if (!value.empty())
    base::StringToInt(value, result);
}

void InitializeResourceBufferConstants() {
  static bool did_init = false;
  if (did_init)
    return;
  did_init = true;

  GetNumericArg("resource-buffer-size", &kBufferSize);
  GetNumericArg("resource-buffer-min-allocation-size", &kMinAllocationSize);
  GetNumericArg("resource-buffer-max-allocation-size", &kMaxAllocationSize);
}

int CalcUsedPercentage(int bytes_read, int buffer_size) {
  double ratio = static_cast<double>(bytes_read) / buffer_size;
  return static_cast<int>(ratio * 100.0 + 0.5);  // Round to nearest integer.
}

}  // namespace

class DependentIOBuffer : public net::WrappedIOBuffer {
 public:
  DependentIOBuffer(ResourceBuffer* backing, char* memory)
      : net::WrappedIOBuffer(memory),
        backing_(backing) {
  }
 private:
  virtual ~DependentIOBuffer() {}
  scoped_refptr<ResourceBuffer> backing_;
};

AsyncResourceHandler::AsyncResourceHandler(
    net::URLRequest* request,
    ResourceDispatcherHostImpl* rdh)
    : ResourceHandler(request),
      ResourceMessageDelegate(request),
      rdh_(rdh),
      pending_data_count_(0),
      allocation_size_(0),
      did_defer_(false),
      has_checked_for_sufficient_resources_(false),
      sent_received_response_msg_(false),
      sent_first_data_msg_(false),
      reported_transfer_size_(0) {
  InitializeResourceBufferConstants();
}

AsyncResourceHandler::~AsyncResourceHandler() {
  if (has_checked_for_sufficient_resources_)
    rdh_->FinishedWithResourcesForRequest(request());
}

bool AsyncResourceHandler::OnMessageReceived(const IPC::Message& message,
                                             bool* message_was_ok) {
  bool handled = true;
  IPC_BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP_EX(AsyncResourceHandler, message, *message_was_ok)
    IPC_MESSAGE_HANDLER(ResourceHostMsg_FollowRedirect, OnFollowRedirect)
    IPC_MESSAGE_HANDLER(ResourceHostMsg_DataReceived_ACK, OnDataReceivedACK)
    IPC_MESSAGE_UNHANDLED(handled = false)
  IPC_END_MESSAGE_MAP_EX()
  return handled;
}

void AsyncResourceHandler::OnFollowRedirect(
    int request_id,
    bool has_new_first_party_for_cookies,
    const GURL& new_first_party_for_cookies) {
  if (!request()->status().is_success()) {
    DVLOG(1) << "OnFollowRedirect for invalid request";
    return;
  }

  if (has_new_first_party_for_cookies)
    request()->set_first_party_for_cookies(new_first_party_for_cookies);

  ResumeIfDeferred();
}

void AsyncResourceHandler::OnDataReceivedACK(int request_id) {
  if (pending_data_count_) {
    --pending_data_count_;

    buffer_->RecycleLeastRecentlyAllocated();
    if (buffer_->CanAllocate())
      ResumeIfDeferred();
  }
}

bool AsyncResourceHandler::OnUploadProgress(int request_id,
                                            uint64 position,
                                            uint64 size) {
  ResourceMessageFilter* filter = GetFilter();
  if (!filter)
    return false;
  return filter->Send(
      new ResourceMsg_UploadProgress(request_id, position, size));
}

bool AsyncResourceHandler::OnRequestRedirected(int request_id,
                                               const GURL& new_url,
                                               ResourceResponse* response,
                                               bool* defer) {
  const ResourceRequestInfoImpl* info = GetRequestInfo();
  if (!info->filter())
    return false;

  *defer = did_defer_ = true;
  OnDefer();

  if (rdh_->delegate()) {
    rdh_->delegate()->OnRequestRedirected(
        new_url, request(), info->GetContext(), response);
  }

  DevToolsNetLogObserver::PopulateResponseInfo(request(), response);
  response->head.encoded_data_length = request()->GetTotalReceivedBytes();
  reported_transfer_size_ = 0;
  response->head.request_start = request()->creation_time();
  response->head.response_start = TimeTicks::Now();
  return info->filter()->Send(new ResourceMsg_ReceivedRedirect(
      request_id, new_url, response->head));
}

bool AsyncResourceHandler::OnResponseStarted(int request_id,
                                             ResourceResponse* response,
                                             bool* defer) {
  // For changes to the main frame, inform the renderer of the new URL's
  // per-host settings before the request actually commits.  This way the
  // renderer will be able to set these precisely at the time the
  // request commits, avoiding the possibility of e.g. zooming the old content
  // or of having to layout the new content twice.

  const ResourceRequestInfoImpl* info = GetRequestInfo();
  if (!info->filter())
    return false;

  if (rdh_->delegate()) {
    rdh_->delegate()->OnResponseStarted(
        request(), info->GetContext(), response, info->filter());
  }

  DevToolsNetLogObserver::PopulateResponseInfo(request(), response);

  HostZoomMap* host_zoom_map =
      GetHostZoomMapForResourceContext(info->GetContext());

  if (info->GetResourceType() == ResourceType::MAIN_FRAME && host_zoom_map) {
    const GURL& request_url = request()->url();
    info->filter()->Send(new ViewMsg_SetZoomLevelForLoadingURL(
        info->GetRouteID(),
        request_url, host_zoom_map->GetZoomLevelForHostAndScheme(
            request_url.scheme(),
            net::GetHostOrSpecFromURL(request_url))));
  }

  response->head.request_start = request()->creation_time();
  response->head.response_start = TimeTicks::Now();
  info->filter()->Send(new ResourceMsg_ReceivedResponse(request_id,
                                                        response->head));
  sent_received_response_msg_ = true;

  if (request()->response_info().metadata.get()) {
    std::vector<char> copy(request()->response_info().metadata->data(),
                           request()->response_info().metadata->data() +
                               request()->response_info().metadata->size());
    info->filter()->Send(new ResourceMsg_ReceivedCachedMetadata(request_id,
                                                                copy));
  }

  return true;
}

bool AsyncResourceHandler::OnWillStart(int request_id,
                                       const GURL& url,
                                       bool* defer) {
  return true;
}

bool AsyncResourceHandler::OnBeforeNetworkStart(int request_id,
                                                const GURL& url,
                                                bool* defer) {
  return true;
}

bool AsyncResourceHandler::OnWillRead(int request_id,
                                      scoped_refptr<net::IOBuffer>* buf,
                                      int* buf_size,
                                      int min_size) {
  DCHECK_EQ(-1, min_size);

  if (!EnsureResourceBufferIsInitialized())
    return false;

  DCHECK(buffer_->CanAllocate());
  char* memory = buffer_->Allocate(&allocation_size_);
  CHECK(memory);

  *buf = new DependentIOBuffer(buffer_.get(), memory);
  *buf_size = allocation_size_;

  UMA_HISTOGRAM_CUSTOM_COUNTS(
      "Net.AsyncResourceHandler_SharedIOBuffer_Alloc",
      *buf_size, 0, kMaxAllocationSize, 100);
  return true;
}

bool AsyncResourceHandler::OnReadCompleted(int request_id, int bytes_read,
                                           bool* defer) {
  DCHECK_GE(bytes_read, 0);

  if (!bytes_read)
    return true;

  ResourceMessageFilter* filter = GetFilter();
  if (!filter)
    return false;

  buffer_->ShrinkLastAllocation(bytes_read);

  UMA_HISTOGRAM_CUSTOM_COUNTS(
      "Net.AsyncResourceHandler_SharedIOBuffer_Used",
      bytes_read, 0, kMaxAllocationSize, 100);
  UMA_HISTOGRAM_PERCENTAGE(
      "Net.AsyncResourceHandler_SharedIOBuffer_UsedPercentage",
      CalcUsedPercentage(bytes_read, allocation_size_));

  if (!sent_first_data_msg_) {
    base::SharedMemoryHandle handle;
    int size;
    if (!buffer_->ShareToProcess(filter->PeerHandle(), &handle, &size))
      return false;
    filter->Send(new ResourceMsg_SetDataBuffer(
        request_id, handle, size, filter->peer_pid()));
    sent_first_data_msg_ = true;
  }

  int data_offset = buffer_->GetLastAllocationOffset();

  int64_t current_transfer_size = request()->GetTotalReceivedBytes();
  int encoded_data_length = current_transfer_size - reported_transfer_size_;
  reported_transfer_size_ = current_transfer_size;

  filter->Send(new ResourceMsg_DataReceived(
      request_id, data_offset, bytes_read, encoded_data_length));
  ++pending_data_count_;
  UMA_HISTOGRAM_CUSTOM_COUNTS(
      "Net.AsyncResourceHandler_PendingDataCount",
      pending_data_count_, 0, 100, 100);

  if (!buffer_->CanAllocate()) {
    UMA_HISTOGRAM_CUSTOM_COUNTS(
        "Net.AsyncResourceHandler_PendingDataCount_WhenFull",
        pending_data_count_, 0, 100, 100);
    *defer = did_defer_ = true;
    OnDefer();
  }

  return true;
}

void AsyncResourceHandler::OnDataDownloaded(
    int request_id, int bytes_downloaded) {
  int64_t current_transfer_size = request()->GetTotalReceivedBytes();
  int encoded_data_length = current_transfer_size - reported_transfer_size_;
  reported_transfer_size_ = current_transfer_size;

  ResourceMessageFilter* filter = GetFilter();
  if (filter) {
    filter->Send(new ResourceMsg_DataDownloaded(
        request_id, bytes_downloaded, encoded_data_length));
  }
}

void AsyncResourceHandler::OnResponseCompleted(
    int request_id,
    const net::URLRequestStatus& status,
    const std::string& security_info,
    bool* defer) {
  const ResourceRequestInfoImpl* info = GetRequestInfo();
  if (!info->filter())
    return;

  // If we crash here, figure out what URL the renderer was requesting.
  // http://crbug.com/107692
  char url_buf[128];
  base::strlcpy(url_buf, request()->url().spec().c_str(), arraysize(url_buf));
  base::debug::Alias(url_buf);

  // TODO(gavinp): Remove this CHECK when we figure out the cause of
  // http://crbug.com/124680 . This check mirrors closely check in
  // WebURLLoaderImpl::OnCompletedRequest that routes this message to a WebCore
  // ResourceHandleInternal which asserts on its state and crashes. By crashing
  // when the message is sent, we should get better crash reports.
  CHECK(status.status() != net::URLRequestStatus::SUCCESS ||
        sent_received_response_msg_);

  int error_code = status.error();
  bool was_ignored_by_handler = info->WasIgnoredByHandler();

  DCHECK(status.status() != net::URLRequestStatus::IO_PENDING);
  // If this check fails, then we're in an inconsistent state because all
  // requests ignored by the handler should be canceled (which should result in
  // the ERR_ABORTED error code).
  DCHECK(!was_ignored_by_handler || error_code == net::ERR_ABORTED);

  // TODO(mkosiba): Fix up cases where we create a URLRequestStatus
  // with a status() != SUCCESS and an error_code() == net::OK.
  if (status.status() == net::URLRequestStatus::CANCELED &&
      error_code == net::OK) {
    error_code = net::ERR_ABORTED;
  } else if (status.status() == net::URLRequestStatus::FAILED &&
             error_code == net::OK) {
    error_code = net::ERR_FAILED;
  }

  ResourceMsg_RequestCompleteData request_complete_data;
  request_complete_data.error_code = error_code;
  request_complete_data.was_ignored_by_handler = was_ignored_by_handler;
  request_complete_data.exists_in_cache = request()->response_info().was_cached;
  request_complete_data.security_info = security_info;
  request_complete_data.completion_time = TimeTicks::Now();
  request_complete_data.encoded_data_length =
      request()->GetTotalReceivedBytes();
  info->filter()->Send(
      new ResourceMsg_RequestComplete(request_id, request_complete_data));
}

bool AsyncResourceHandler::EnsureResourceBufferIsInitialized() {
  if (buffer_.get() && buffer_->IsInitialized())
    return true;

  if (!has_checked_for_sufficient_resources_) {
    has_checked_for_sufficient_resources_ = true;
    if (!rdh_->HasSufficientResourcesForRequest(request())) {
      controller()->CancelWithError(net::ERR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES);
      return false;
    }
  }

  buffer_ = new ResourceBuffer();
  return buffer_->Initialize(kBufferSize,
                             kMinAllocationSize,
                             kMaxAllocationSize);
}

void AsyncResourceHandler::ResumeIfDeferred() {
  if (did_defer_) {
    did_defer_ = false;
    request()->LogUnblocked();
    controller()->Resume();
  }
}

void AsyncResourceHandler::OnDefer() {
  request()->LogBlockedBy("AsyncResourceHandler");
}

}  // namespace content

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Last Edited: 7 May 2014 10:22 pm
Mgwtdlc4.png
Nintendo will have it's first season pass with Mario Golf: World Tour. For $5.99 a piece or $15 for a season pass, players can enjoy 108 new holes, new power-ups, and three new playable characters!
If players purchase the Season Pass, they will unlock Gold Mario instantly! Gold Mario will be available for individual purchase after all three DLC packs are released. In total, the Season Pass will grant the following Courses:
As well as four Characters:
It's Not a Console War, It's a Content War


text:
Brecksville firm hires six Alliance High students to construct district athletic fields
Benjamin Duer
ALLIANCE − It was cold and windy on the baseball field.
A small crew was laying fabric on a frozen dirt surface behind Alliance High School. They were getting it ready for a blanket of gravel.
SCG Fields LLC, a Brecksville company that specializes in athletic fields, is remodeling the Aviators' high school baseball and softball fields. The firm also will later build a football field and track at Alliance Middle School.
But they weren't the only ones getting dirty. On the first day of winter break, three high school seniors joined the SCG Fields crew with the construction work. Tyion Miles, Ke'sean Kilgore and Aiden Yacklin were getting real-world experience, as part-time paid interns.
"I like it," said Miles, 18. "I like getting dirty. I like being active."
SCG Fields recently hired Miles, Kilgore and Yacklin along with three other seniors who are involved in the high school's construction trades program − James Metzger, Alex Hinojosa and Tra'Sean Williams − to help with the ballfield projects. The six students will work part-time, mostly from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. three days a week and earn between $15 and $18 an hour.
"I like it," Miles, 18, said. "I like getting dirty. I like being active."
Hinojosa, 17, likes how they work as a group.
"I like the hard labor, but I'm a little sore," he said. "But it's fun."
How the SCG Fields internship started
SCG Fields project manager Nick Pappas said the firm approached the Alliance City School District with the idea after they had success with it at Akron's Buchtel High School.
"We recognize there are different types of learners," said Pappas, a former teacher. "We think it is beneficial to provide students an opportunity to learn in a nontraditional setting and get them as much exposure to the construction industry as we can."
Nine students applied for the internship; six were chosen. All the student interns will have the opportunity to be hired full-time by SCG Fields after graduation.
"It is a unique opportunity that is not available to many students," Pappas said.
Beth Starrett, the district's director of career programs, said the district, SCG Fields, the students and their parents entered into a work-based agreement before starting the program.
Stacey Rinehart, work-based learning coordinator, said district officials also gave the company learning objectives for the students.
"We will give them evaluations quarterly to make sure the students are learning," she said.
Construction trades teacher Thomas Barnes also receives feedback from site manager Damon Ervie regarding the students' performance.
Barnes said it is a good opportunity for the students and, "SCG Fields takes care of their employees well."
For example, Miles runs track, and SCG has pledged to work around his athletic schedule. Hinojosa wants to travel after graduation and he was told the company will allow him to do it and still keep his paid internship.
"They made it clear they really want us to be happy with them and happy with our lives," Hinojosa said.
Why the Alliance students applied
The students went into Alliance's construction trades program for different reasons but all of them see a potential future in it.
Miles, who plays football, said he needed a "backup plan," and the construction industry drew his attention. He wants to be either a carpenter or a laborer.
"I like the experience, being around the work environment and being around the tools," Miles said. "If they say, 'go get this,' I'm learning what tool it is because they use the name."
Hinojosa said he took construction trades because of a friend and because he used to work on houses.
"Yesterday, we were pulling tarp down, nailing it down and putting these little drains out and everyone else is bulldozing stones over it. That was kind of unique," he said.
Pappas said the internship will continue from the baseball and softball fields to the middle school football field projects, and it will last into the summer months. The firm hopes to do this program with other districts, when possible.
Reach Benjamin Duer at 330-580-8567 or ben.duer@cantonrep.com.
Follow on Twitter @bduerREP


text:
Q: Unable to connect to gRPC server when build as jar I am trying gRPC and I having some issues. I have build a gRPC server and a client. Did almost the same as the java example of gRPC (https://grpc.io/docs/languages/java/basics/) so nothing special. Now when I create a jar of the server it runs well but when I create a jar of my client it throws the following exception:
Exception in thread "main" io.grpc.StatusRuntimeException: UNAVAILABLE: io exception
at io.grpc.stub.ClientCalls.toStatusRuntimeException(ClientCalls.java:271)
at io.grpc.stub.ClientCalls.getUnchecked(ClientCalls.java:252)
at io.grpc.stub.ClientCalls.blockingUnaryCall(ClientCalls.java:165)
at com.example.grpc.server.classifier.classifierGrpc$classifierBlockingStub.classify(classifierGrpc.java:210)
at com.example.grpc.client.Main.sendMessage(Main.java:35)
at com.example.grpc.client.Main.main(Main.java:29)
Caused by: io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.AbstractChannel$AnnotatedConnectException: connect(..) failed: Invalid argument: /172.16.3.14:530
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: connect(..) failed: Invalid argument
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.unix.Errors.newConnectException0(Errors.java:155)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.unix.Errors.handleConnectErrno(Errors.java:128)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.unix.Socket.connect(Socket.java:313)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.epoll.AbstractEpollChannel.doConnect0(AbstractEpollChannel.java:773)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.epoll.EpollSocketChannel.doConnect0(EpollSocketChannel.java:144)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.epoll.AbstractEpollChannel.doConnect(AbstractEpollChannel.java:758)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.epoll.AbstractEpollChannel$AbstractEpollUnsafe.connect(AbstractEpollChannel.java:600)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadContext.connect(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1342)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeConnect(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:548)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.connect(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:533)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.ChannelDuplexHandler.connect(ChannelDuplexHandler.java:54)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.grpc.netty.WriteBufferingAndExceptionHandler.connect(WriteBufferingAndExceptionHandler.java:157)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeConnect(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:548)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.access$1000(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:61)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext$9.run(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:538)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.util.concurrent.AbstractEventExecutor.runTask(AbstractEventExecutor.java:174)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.util.concurrent.AbstractEventExecutor.safeExecute(AbstractEventExecutor.java:167)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor.runAllTasks(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:470)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.epoll.EpollEventLoop.run(EpollEventLoop.java:394)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$4.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:995)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74)
at io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:829)

This does not happen when I run the client in Intellij.
After searching for a while I found some posts that suggest using flag java.net.preferIPv4Stack=true to force ipv4 usage but that did not work.
Some versions of protobuf & gRPC
    implementation 'com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:3.21.5'
    implementation 'io.grpc:grpc-netty-shaded:1.49.0'
    implementation 'io.grpc:grpc-protobuf:1.49.0'
    implementation 'io.grpc:grpc-stub:1.49.0'

So to be clear, the client works when it is run in Intellij but not when build as a jar.

A: For those using maven shade plugin:
<configuration>
    <transformers>
        <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/>
    </transformers>
<configuration>

Reference to fix: https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/9387


text:
Gold hit a six-year high as nervous investors looked for alternatives to stock markets. The IMF cut global growth forecasts amid continuing trade tensions.
In any normal month these would have been perfectly normal introduction, but July was not a normal month. With Boris Johnson becoming UK Prime Minister and sweeping into 10 Downing Street on a wave of promises to deliver Brexit 'do or die' by 31st October – only a handful of months away.
How you feel about that commitment will almost certainly depend on how you voted in the 2016 Referendum. If you voted Leave then Boris is showing real leadership, we finally have a Prime Minister who is negotiating from a position of strength and he has achieved more in a week than Theresa May achieved in three years.
If you voted Remain then Johnson is threatening the union of the UK, driving the pound to dangerously low levels and risking – if not actively seeking – a catastrophic 'no deal' exit on 31st October.
The one thing we think you can now say is that the UK will leave the European Union on 31st October. The public commitments to that date have been so clear that any backtracking is unthinkable. But there remain any number of imponderables, as we discuss in the Brexit section below.
And so to the other world news that made the headlines in July. And yes, gold did hit a six year high of $1,450 (£1,160) an ounce as jittery investors looked for a safe haven. Gold is up by 6% over the last month and 12% in the last year as the US/China trade dispute, lower growth prospects for world trade and worries about inflation if the US Federal Reserve cut interest rates all added to investors' uncertainties.
Meanwhile, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has trimmed its growth forecasts for the global economy for both this year and next year. Growth for this year is now forecast to be 3.2% – down from the 3.3% forecast in April – with growth for 2020 forecast to be 3.5%. Growth "remains subdued" said the IMF, with an "urgent need" to reduce trade and technology tensions. However, the IMF did raise its forecast for UK growth, from 1.2% to 1.3%.
July was a generally uninspiring month for world stock markets. Of the major markets we cover in this Commentary only four made gains, and none of those gains were significant. Let's look at what happened in more detail.
June was a wet month and UK high street retailers duly reported a 'wash out.' Total sales decreased by 1.3% in the month, taking the yearly average down to a 20-year low according to research from the British Retail Consortium.
Bookmaker William Hill added to the gloom with plans to close 700 shops – putting 4,500 jobs at risk – and there are suggestions that up to 3,000 betting shops could close up and down the UK as gamblers increasingly move online and the reduction in stakes on fixed odds betting terminals starts to bite.
And it is not just betting shops. A report from Retail Economics predicted that internet shopping will overtake physical stores by 2028 as deliveries become faster, cheaper and more convenient. The trend will be driven by millennials and Generation Z, who will form 50% of the adult population in the next decade. Ten years from now our high streets will be very different places – if they exist at all.
Away from the high street there was good news in July though, as Amazon (who else?) announced plans to create up to 2,000 new jobs, taking its UK workforce up to nearly 30,000.
Japanese telecoms company NTT announced that it would be opening a global HQ in London for one of its subsidiaries and at the end of the month Hitachi Rail announced a £400m investment at its plant in Newton Aycliffe, County Durham.
Jaguar Land Rover also unveiled an investment of 'hundreds of millions' to build a range of electric vehicles as its Castle Bromwich plant, which will secure the jobs of 2,700 workers at the plant. But – as there was across Europe – there was also bad news for the UK car industry, with Nissan threatening to cut 10,000 jobs worldwide and the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders saying that overall investment in the industry has 'plummeted.'
From the roads to the rail. Boris Johnson has long been sceptical of HS2 and the chairman of the project has now written to the Department of Transport saying that it 'cannot be delivered within its £56bn budget' and the cost could rise by £30bn. There is bound to be a review of the project but meanwhile the Prime Minister used a speech in Manchester to commit to a faster trans-Pennine rail link – something the North of England has long needed.
Let's end the new Prime Minister's first UK section with some more good news. 'Fintech' (financial technology) investment is booming in the UK and 2019 is set to be a record year, as funding reached £2.3bn in the first six months of the year. And household finances are looking up – June saw consumers saying they were optimistic about their personal finances for the first time this year.
Also looking up was the FTSE 100 index of leading shares, which closed July up 2% at 7,587. But if the stock market was going up, the pound was definitely going in the other direction with the financial markets anticipating a 'no deal' Brexit. The pound closed the month down 4% against the dollar at $1.2218.
To no-one's surprise, it was Boris. The result was, perhaps, closer than many had predicted but Boris Johnson comfortably beat Jeremy Hunt in the vote by Conservative members, kissed the Queen's hand and took over from Theresa May as Prime Minister. He duly appointed Sajid Javid as Chancellor, and we can expect a radical Budget when the new man in 11 Downing Street presents it. Whether that will be before or after 31st October remains to be seen, but one suspects that the speech – and the measures proposed – will be in stark contrast to anything Philip Hammond might have had in mind.
Boris Johnson has had meetings in Northern Ireland, having already visited Scotland and Wales. He has demanded that the Irish backstop – the most contentious part of Theresa May's Withdrawal Agreement – be scrapped and he's been met with the predictable response from Europe.
Are we now headed for a 'no deal' Brexit? Boris Johnson says he doesn't want that, but has ramped up preparations just in case, with Sajid Javid committing an extra £2.1bn and meetings of the relevant Cabinet committee taking place every day.
There remains, however, a significant number of MPs vehemently opposed to 'no deal' and the Government's majority is wafer-thin. It's unlikely, but you cannot rule out a General Election before 31st October and there will certainly be further attempts in parliament to thwart a 'no deal' Brexit. Meanwhile the Brexit Party and the hard-line Eurosceptics will be holding the Prime Minister's feet to the fire.
'May you live in interesting times' is supposedly a Chinese curse. If nothing else the next 90 days in UK politics will certainly be interesting.
There was plenty of economic news in Europe in July, but we should perhaps start in the corridors of power where, after much talking, negotiating and deal-making, German Defence Minister Ursula von der Leyen emerged as the only name on the ballot paper to replace Jean-Claude Juncker as European Commission chief.
Von der Leyen makes no secret of her wish to move to closer European integration and – while the headlines were all about how her appointment will impact Brexit – she could, in the long run, be very bad news for a country like Ireland, which has benefitted from a lower corporation tax rate.
It was all change in the top jobs as Christine Lagarde left the IMF to take over as head of the European Central Bank.
Lower down the bankers' food chain it was very much all change at the beleaguered Deutsche Bank as it announced plans for 18,000 job losses. There are rumours that the bank's customers are pulling out $1bn (£800m) a day amid worries about the bank's continuing solvency.
There was also more gloom for the European car industry as car sales dropped by 7.8% in the European Union in June, the biggest fall since December and 130,000 registrations down on the same period last year.
More generally the German manufacturing recession worsened as the Purchasing Managers' Index for the sector dropped to 43.1 from 45.0, with any figure above 50 reflecting 'optimism.' This was the lowest level since 2012 as export orders showed their sharpest decline for a decade.
How did all this translate onto the European stock markets? The German DAX index was down 2% in July to 12,189 while the French stock market fell just 20 points – unchanged in percentage terms – to 5,519. In Greece the market rose 4% to 900 as the centre-right under Kyriakos Mitsotakis won the snap general election.
It was a good start to the month in the US, as figures for June confirmed that 224,000 jobs had been created against the expected 160,000. Normally this would have persuaded the Federal Reserve to keep interest rates on hold
However, revised figures at the end of the month showed that the US economy had grown by less than expected in 2018, increasing by 2.5% and missing the President's target of 3%.
With Donald Trump continuing to describe the Fed's decision to keep interest rates on hold as a 'faulty thought process' something clearly had to give and it duly gave on the last day of the month, as the Fed reduced US interest rates for the first time since 2008. The rate was cut by 0.25% to a target range of 2-2.25% but this wasn't enough for the President. He scorned Federal Reserve chairman Jerome Powell on Twitter: 'As usual, Powell let us down.'
In company news, there was the now seemingly-monthly bad news for Facebook, which faced a $5bn (£4.1bn) fine over privacy breaches, while US Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin criticised its plans for a crypto-currency, telling a press conference that it could be used by money launderers and terrorist financiers and was a national security issue.
Apple posted a small rise in sales for the third quarter of its year – although iPhone sales and profits both dipped. Alphabet (Google's parent company) and Amazon posted more impressive figures, with both firms reporting sales increases of close to 20% for the latest quarter.
Meanwhile Elon Musk – of Tesla, SpaceX, the Boring Company and other future fame – brought us what may be his most revolutionary project yet. His company Neuralink revealed a brown and white rat with thousands of tiny electrodes implanted in its brain. It is, apparently, the first step towards linking the human brain to artificial intelligence, with the company betting that millions of people will eventually pay to become cybernetically enhanced.
If Wall Street was cybernetically enhanced in July it wasn't by much. The Dow Jones Index rose by just 1% in the month, closing at 26,864.
There was plenty of news in the Far East in July, but one story dominated all the others. The month began with Hong Kong leader Carrie Lam condemning the extreme use of violence as pro-democracy protesters stormed the parliament building.
The protests continued throughout the month, and it seems inevitable that they will go on into August, quite possibly with ever increasing violence. Beijing – through the Hong Kong legislature – is determined to stamp down on any show of dissent and when then-Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt tried to intervene he was told in no uncertain terms to show some respect.
Away from the protests figures confirmed that China's economy had grown at just 6.2% in the second quarter of the year. Obviously 'just' is a relative term, but this is the slowest rate of growth in China since the 1990s.
Unsurprisingly the continuing trade tensions with the US meant that both China's exports and imports were down when figures for June were reported, with exports down by 1.3% and imports down by 7.3% as domestic demand slowed. With China's economy now driving so much growth around the world – not just in the Far East – it was hardly surprising that the IMF reduced its projection for global growth this year.
In South Korea, Samsung announced that it was finally ready to sell its long-awaited folding phone after the April launch was delayed due to problems with the screen. The phone will go on sale in September in selected markets but – with the phone costing nearly $2,000 (£1,630).
A week later, Samsung faced rather bigger problems than fixing the screen on a folding phone, as the world's biggest smartphone and memory chip manufacturer saw profits fall 56% in the three months to June. Samsung said results were in line with expectations as it blamed the continuing China/US trade war and a trade dispute between the South Korean and Japanese governments.
It was – perhaps unsurprisingly – a disappointing month on Far Eastern stock markets as three of the four major markets fell. China's Shanghai Composite Index was down 2% to 2,933 while the Hong Kong market was down by 3% to 27,778. South Korea suffered a sharper fall as the market dropped by 5% to end July at 2,025. The one bright spot was Japan's Nikkei Dow index, which was up 1% in the month to 21,522.
It was a relatively quiet month for our Emerging Markets section. Of the three markets we cover, Brazil was the only one to make any gains in the month with the stock market rising just 1% to 101,812. The Russian market slipped back by a similar amount, closing down 1% at 2,739. However, India suffered a sharper fall, sharing the month's wooden spoon with South Korea as it fell 5% to end July ay 37,481.
News from the French Civil Service: Auditors for the Provence-Alps-Riviera region published a report in July showing 30 'ghost' civil servants had been paid more than £22m to do nothing for the last three decades. Their jobs were phased out in 1989 but they continued to be paid, much to the embarrassment of the French President.
But, of course, we now know that the real way to riches is through your teenage son's bedroom. Worried that he's spending far too long in there playing video games? Nonsense, he's working on his future career. July saw 16 year old US teenager Kyle Giersdorf win $3m (£2.46m) as he became world champion of the computer game Fortnite.
With two British teenagers also picking up major prizes, it's becoming an even bigger challenge for parents trying to convince their kids to wash the dishes.


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The Hudson's Bay Company
The story of The Hudson's Bay Company, which once claimed and traded on millions of acres in Canada and the United States, is fraught with intrigue and exploitation. It begins in October 1666, when King Charles II of England granted an audience to two men. Médard Chouart des Groseilliers and Pierre-Esprit Radisson were brothers-in-law and adventurers who were desperate to tell the king about the "great store of beaver" they'd discovered across the Atlantic, west of France's imperial claims.
Why hadn't they pitched the discovery to his cousin, King Louis XIV of France? Well, they initially presented their bounty of beaver fur to New France's governor, Pierre de Voyer D'Argenson a few years earlier, and rather than being rewarded for their entrepreneurial spirit, they were arrested for traveling without the government's permission as well as abandoning their post. After serving their sentences, they decided to take their vision of an imperial, today we'd call it a global, fur trading company to England instead.
In addition to fur, investors hoped they would discover other natural resources, such as gold or silver. Explorers and monarchs were also eager to find the much sought-after Northwest Passage. All this motivated Charles II when he granted the charter establishing the Hudson's Bay Company, officially "The Governor and Company of Adventurers of England, trading into Hudson's Bay," on May 2, 1670. Characteristic of British imperial ventures at the time, the charter established a legal monopoly aimed at preventing others from doing the same.
Crucially, the charter also claimed some 1.5 million square kilometers of land inhabited by Inuit and First Nations communities. This was land connected to all of the riverways — "Seas, Streights, Bays, Rivers, Lakes, Creeks, and South" — that fed into Hudson Bay. Charles understood that he couldn't take land that didn't belong to him all the while ignoring the territory's Indigenous inhabitants. Charles baked this belief into the HBC's charter by outlining whose land he would not claim: that of British subjects, or "the Subjects of any other Christian Prince or State." In other words, any other European power.
As part of Charles II's refusal to recognize Indigenous sovereignty, he granted a new name for the region: Rupert's Land, in honor of his cousin, Prince Rupert, who served as the HBC's first royal governor. By the mid-19th century, as the HBC's landholdings grew, the region encompassed some eight million square kilometers and large parts of modern-day Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Nunavut, Ontario, and Quebec, as well as the northwestern and midwestern United States.
From the perspective of English officials, this achievement was nothing short of extraordinary, a true marker of how British commerce could transform — or "civilize" — the globe.
The basics of the HBC's fur trade were relatively simple, even if the day-to-day operations were anything but. The company built posts, staffed by English officials and mostly Scottish traders, along rivers that connected to Hudson Bay. From there, traders waited for Indigenous trappers and their middlemen to bring them furs, which they exchanged for goods that were becoming increasingly important to the community's survival, such as guns and wool. The furs were then brought back to Europe.
Hudson's Bay Company History
To standardize the terms of the trade, the company established its own currency, known as "Made Beaver." This currency valued goods by placing them against the standard of one prime beaver pelt, which could buy you, for example, two pounds of sugar or a pound of black lead.
The men who worked for HBC were hungry for adventure, and in the process of discovering new territories, they helped spread British business and trade practices, as well as their culture and social values, across the region. They did the work of colonizing and nation-building, almost always with the help of Indigenous guides. They were probably the world's first traveling salesforce.
Changing fashion trends in the late 1800s contributed to the fur trade losing importance. But, western settlement and the Gold Rush brought a new type of client to HBC — one that shopped with cash. With the Deed of Surrender in 1870 between HBC and Canada, HBC relinquished its territories to the new country. The Company's focus began to shift to retail, as it concentrated on transforming its existing trading posts into shops, stocked with a wider variety of goods than ever before.
In 1912, HBC began an aggressive modernization program and retail expansion exploded across Canada. Strategic acquisitions enabled HBC to diversify into myriad commercial pursuits.
A thriving wholesale business featuring liquor, canned salmon, coffee, tea, and tobacco supplemented fur and retail pursuits.
Large holdings of land negotiated as part of the Deed of Surrender took the Company into real estate.
The sale of homesteads to newly arrived settlers would later evolve into a full-scale interest in commercial property holdings and development.
Shipping and natural resources, particularly oil and gas, were other important sidelines.
Oddly enough, it wasn't until 1970 during its 300th anniversary year that HBC became a Canadian corporation. But the economic downturn of the 1980s left the Company with major debt and caused HBC to return to its core business, retail, where it has remained.
The history of HBC is the history of global capitalism, North American colonialism, and the power of the British Empire. It is also a painful example of the exploitation indigenous people suffered at the hands of opportunistic settlers.
While abhorrent by any modern measure, there was something classically entrepreneurial about HBC's approach. It's that thing all of us have said at some point, "Let's give this a shot and see what happens."
Risk and innovation are a start-up's time-honored business model, whether you're dealing with furs or financial services. HBC as an entrepreneurial ideology is a Masterclass in changing course, finding opportunities where there weren't before, and deftly rolling with adversity.
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