Millions of students across India and abroad, require JEE Mains Sample Paper 2018 to get through the Joint Entrance Examination or JEE Mains, a national level engineering entrance examination conducted by the Central Board of Secondary Education every year, in the month of April. Being the first phase of JEE, JEE Mains 2018 Paper is a gateway to B.E, B. Tech and B. Arch courses for students aiming for admissions into India's most prestigious engineering colleges like IITs, NITs, ISM and IIIT and many more. JEE Mains is also the qualifying examinations for students aspiring for JEE Advanced.
If your aim is to get admission into India's top engineering college, like other millions of students, you need to add something unique to your JEE Mains 2018 Preparation.
So, what would make your JEE Mains Exam Preparation different from these millions of students?
These JEE Mains Sample Paper for 2018 to practice for JEE Mains 2018 has been designed by our faculty of esteemed ex-IITians, keeping in mind the level of preparation essential for JEE Mains 2018 Examination.
Why do you need to practice JEE Mains Sample Papers 2018 provided by Vidyakul?
Designed exclusively by ex-IITians, while following the JEE Mains Exam Pattern 2018, our Sample Papers for JEE Mains 2018 will give you a feel of the actual JEE Mains exam.
While solving Vidyakul's JEE Mains Sample Question Papers, you will get comfortable with the types of questions, exam pattern, and division of marks thus, reducing your stress level.
After practicing from our JEE Mains Sample Papers, you will gain an in-depth understanding on how to divide time between sections—Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics—in the JEE Mains Exam, thus learning time management.
Our JEE Mains Sample Papers 2018 will help you to identify the areas of your strength and weaknesses thus, helping you to formulate your preparation strategy accordingly.
Vidyakul provides JEE Mains Sample paper 2018 in Pdf format which can be easily downloaded and practiced to score high marks.
The JEE Mains sample paper 2018 brought to the students aspiring for Join Entrance Examination, follows a similar pattern as that of Previous Year JEE Question Papers. These Sample Question Papers for JEE Mains objective type multiple choice questions and the time duration of the exam is 3 hours.
Candidates seeking admission to B. Tech/B.E. courses will appear for JEE Mains 2018. They require an in-depth knowledge of the syllabus covered in Vidyakul's JEE Mains 2018 Sample Question Papers. Click on the links below to get an idea of the syllabus covered by our Sample papers.


1) Why do PLWHAS need love?
TO feel socially accepted in the family .
It helps in reducing stress and hence healthy leaving.
This where the family, friends, mates (pear group) start to ignore intimidate the HIVpositive person. Serious stigma can cause sudden death due to high pressure.
It helps one feel relieved.
4) How do we disclosure?
One should firs disclosure to ones self is when you tell the next closest friend. This will help the PLWHWAS to deal with the reaction of the people ahead.
5) How is stigma related to CD4?
Whenever one is exposed to stress she is at risk of having high blood pressure (ARV PATIENTS) thus heart failure.
Stigma still exposes one to self grieve hence cannot eat, Do his/her activity normally therefore this person get his immunity lowered hence chance of maungonjwa tegemezi.
CD4 is directly related to what one eat, kind of lifestyle, and health standard.


Hi everyone ! I need some urgent help! I have had many problems with math lately. I mostly have issues with pre algebra software. I can't solve it at all, no matter how much I try. I would be very relieved if someone would give me some advice on this matter .
Hello Friend How are you? . Well I've been looking at your post and believe me : I had the same problem . Some time ago I was in the same problem, but before you get a teacher , I will like to recommend you one program that's really cool : Algebrator. I really tried a lot of other programs but that one it's definitely the best one ! The best luck with that! Tell me what you think!.
I too have had problems in algebra formulas, side-side-side similarity and reducing fractions. I was told that there are a number of programs that I could try out. I tried out many but then the best that I found was Algebrator. Merely typed in the problem and hit the 'solve'. I got the answer instantly . In addition, I was steered through to the answer by an effortlessly comprehensible step-by-step procedure. I have relied on this program for my difficulties with Algebra 2, Intermediate algebra and Algebra 2. If I were you, I would certainly go for this Algebrator.
Yeah! That's a great substitute to the pricey private coaching and expensive online coaching. The one page formula list provided there has helped me in every Basic Math test that I have taken up in the past. Even if you are an intermediate in Intermediate algebra, the Algebrator is very useful since it offers both easy and tough exercises and drills for practice.
I remember having often faced problems with radicals, angle-angle similarity and linear equations. A really great piece of math program is Algebrator software. By simply typing in a problem from workbook a step by step solution would appear by a click on Solve. I have used it through many algebra classes – Pre Algebra, Algebra 2 and Algebra 1. I greatly recommend the program.


Dean Sutton knows the consequences of not taking safety seriously. He spent six years working in emergency medicine and another 10 as a firefighter before joining Lowe's of Lake Wales, Florida. It's important to him to work at a safe place and return home each day to his family. And providing a safe place for customers to shop is just as important.
Sutton found both of those things at Lowe's. The Lake Wales store recently celebrated 1,000 days without an incident, and the streak carried into 2017. This is the first store in company history to reach the milestone. A second store in West Plano, Texas, also recently reached 1,000 days.
"Safety is really about nothing happening here at work so that everything can happen in the community," said Kenneth Farrington, a department manager at the store.
Check out the video above to see the Lakes Wales employees describe why safety is important to them and their customers, in their own words.


Here's a preview of the great classes and programs we offer at Thurston Academy!
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu training will get you in great shape by improving your cardiovascular health and reducing your stress and teaching you how to successfully defeat an opponent by using leverage and body positioning. You will learn life saving ground -fighting techniques, which include: sweeps from the standing position, arm bars, knee bars, wrist locks, ankle locks and chokes.We offer separate classes for men, women, and children.


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Bharat Jodo Yatra's usefulness for Congress and Rahul Gandhi cannot be denied: Sharad Pawar
PUNE: NCP chief Sharad Pawar on Monday acknowledged the "usefulness" of the Bharat Jodo Yatra led by Rahul Gandhi for the Congress leader and his party.
He also hinted that he was not against the inclusion of Congress if the Opposition unity takes shape for the 2024 elections.
Speaking to reporters in Solapur district of Maharashtra, Pawar said big padyatras or foot marches like 'Bharat Jodo Yatra' have a political impact and people welcome such programs with sincere intent.
Replying to a question on whether the Bharat Jodo Yatra will have an impact on politics in the coming days, Pawar said when such big yatras are taken out, they turn out to be useful. "When Chandrashekhar (former Prime Minister) had taken out a similar padayatra it had received a tremendous response. I had also taken out a march from Jalgaon to Nagpur (in 1980) for farmers," the former chief minister recalled.
He said about 5,000 people had joined his yatra when it started from Jalgaon in north Maharashtra and the number swelled to 50,000 in Buldhana and more than one lakh when it reached Akola and Amaravati in east Maharashtra.
"The march proved useful to change politics of the entire state," Pawar said.
Speaking on the Bharat Jodo Yatra, launched on September 7 from Kanyakumari for Kashmir, Pawar said, "One cannot deny the usefulness of this padayatra, undertaken by (Congress) from the perspective of the party and the person (Rahul Gandhi)".
He said people welcome such programs if they are organised with a lot of effort. Asked whether there will be a joint face of the Opposition against Prime Minister Narendra Modi in the 2024 elections and whether opposition parties will contest together, Pawar said nothing can be said as of now regarding any future arrangement.
"Everyone wishes that something should be done. But we have not come to any conclusion. Discussions are happening. Recently, Nitish Kumar (JD-U chief) came to me. The same topic was discussed. The other day (TMC supremo) Mamata Banerjee met me and she also put forth the same stand. Similar thoughts were echoed by leaders from Kerala and Tamil Nadu. These are opinions but that have not yet come to any conclusion," said Pawar.
When asked if Congress is turning out to be a hurdle in the Opposition unity, the NCP chief said some people feel the Grand Old Party should not be included (in the Opposition bloc).
"But my opinion is that one should not take the stand of opposing the other's inclusion," he added.
Queried about the allegations by Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) that he and Uddhav Thackeray have "neglected" Shiv Sena MP Sanjay Raut, currently in jail in a money laundering case, Pawar said Raut's arrest by the ED shows the "misuse of power".
"He (Raut) was put in jail for no reason. Who put him in jail? Those who put him in jail are saying that we are neglecting him. This is nothing but a misuse of power. Be it Anil Deshmukh or Nawab Malik (both NCP leaders) or Raut, they were put in jail for no reason," Pawar alleged.
He said Thackeray-led Shiv Sena's stand to hold the annual Dussehra rally at Shivaji Park in Mumbai is justified.
Asked about the Thackeray faction still awaiting permission to hold the rally, Pawar said he has been seeing for the last 30-40 years that Shiv Sena, earlier led by Bal Thackeray, has been holding the Dussehra rally at Shivaji Park, which is like a tradition.
"To continue this tradition, if they are seeking permission to hold the rally at Shivaji Park, I think there is nothing wrong in it," he said.
Pawar also said the Shiv Sena faction led by Maharashtra Chief Minister Eknath Shinde also has the right to hold a Dussehra rally and has been granted permission to organise the event in the MMRDA ground at the Bandra Kurla Complex in Mumbai.
"As their issue is resolved, why oppose others? I am saying that they (the Shinde faction) cannot oppose granting of permission (to the Uddhav faction to hold the rally at Shivaji Park," he said.
Tags: Bharat Jodo Yatra, Congress, Rahul Gandhi, Sharad Pawar
Previous EC holds meetings in Gujarat to review preparedness for Assembly polls
Next Will lend my car if anybody wants to leave Congress for BJP: Kamal Nath

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home > AGB Consulting > Barbara Gitenstein
Barbara Gitenstein, Senior Vice President for AGB Consulting
Contact Barbara Gitenstein
Dr. R. Barbara Gitenstein, is president emerita of the College of New Jersey, and has over 40 years of experience as a college professor and administrator in both the public and private institutions. She came to the College of New Jersey from Drake University where she served as provost and executive vice president. She is the first woman to serve as president of the College of New Jersey in its 160-year history. Upon her arrival at TCNJ in 1999, Dr. Gitenstein enhanced academic rigor and faculty-student engagement, which led to a transformation of the undergraduate program. The high number who graduate on time, for example, has led to TCNJ being ranked 5th in the nation among all public colleges and universities for having the highest four-year graduation rate. Alumni giving has nearly doubled, the college's endowment has tripled, and TCNJ received its largest ever single gift: $5 million. Utilizing the public-private partnership provision contained in the New Jersey Economic Stimulus Act of 2009, Dr. Gitenstein completed a contract for Campus Town, the college's first public-private partnership with a developer. Under Dr. Gitenstein's leadership, the college has invested more than $380 million in its physical plant. Improvements include six academic buildings, housing for an additional 400 students, and the acquisition of 103 acres of property to add to the central campus of 289
acres.
Dr. Gitenstein earned her BA degree from Duke University and her PhD from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
View the list of AGB Consulting team members→


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Career Consultation
Josselyne Herman-Saccio
Josselyne's Bio
Jenny Banes-Kievit is excited to be working at Josselyne Herman & Associates. Growing up in Bergen County, NJ, she was always involved in theater and music. After high school, Jenny bopped around colleges until she found her home in the Integrated Musical Theatre Program at The American Musical and Dramatic Academy (AMDA) in New York City. Halfway through her studies, she decided to pursue a career behind the scenes and had the opportunity to complete internships at places like Stewart Talent, Daryl Eisenberg Casting, and Aaron Grant Theatrical.
After her last internship in 2016, Jenny took a step back from the business to finish up her education and get a B.F.A in Musical Theatre from The New School. Jenny ended up working in Internet Sales at a car dealership and wondered if she would ever achieve her dream of working in the entertainment industry until one day she decided to start applying.
Less than 3 months later, Jenny found her place and is thrilled to be a part of the JHA TEAM!
Shorey Walker comes to the JHA Team with over 25 years of professional experience in the Industry as a working actor in Theater, Commercials, Hosting, Industrials, TV and Film. As the Program Coordinator at Actors Connection since 2009, her work as a career coach has led hundreds of actors to secure auditions, book work and freelance or sign with Talent Agents.
Helping actors grew their Business has been her life's work.
Shorey grew up performing with the Merrimack Junior Theatre in Andover, Massachusetts and then went on to graduate from the University of Miami with a BFA in Musical Theatre. Pursuing a career in NYC since 1992, Shorey performed in 8 National Tours, 13 years in a row of summer stock, 10+ Off-Broadway credits and can be heard as The Cat In the Hat on the revival recording of Seussical. TV appearances include White Collar, One Life To Live, The Eric Andrew Show, Redrum, Six Degrees of Murder and Deadly Sins.
JHA is thrilled to have Shorey on the TEAM!
Josselyne Herman & Associates
345 East 56th Street #3B
Ph. 212-355-3033 / Fax 212-937-5270
Management/Clients
The Team
© JHA Management, 2014-2017
Website by Attack Cat Creative LLC
www.attackcatcreative.com


Email Design Trends Archives – Litmus Software, Inc.
Each year, we see new design trends shaping digital marketing—from the use of color and imagery to typography trends, interactivity, and more. In our "Trending in Email Design" series, we look at the hottest digital design trends—and dive into how they translate into email marketing.
So far in 2019, we have seen a number of design trends hit our inboxes, and none more so than custom made illustrations.


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Vikings begin 50th summer in Mankato as NFL trends other way
Minnesota Vikings defensive end Brian Robison, raises his hands to the cheers of fans as he reports to an NFL football training camp on the campus of Minnesota State University Saturday, July 25, 2015, in Mankato, Minn. (AP Photo/Charles Rex Arbogast)
Charles Rex Arbogast
MANKATO, Minn. (AP) Terence Newman has started his 13th season in the NFL a little bit like a rookie.
This is the veteran cornerback's first year with the Minnesota Vikings and, thus, his first time attending professional training camp on a college campus.
''I'm showing my age, now. It's been about 14 years since I stayed in a dorm. Holy guacamole! It's going to be different for sure,'' Newman said at Minnesota State University, thinking back to his alma mater, Kansas State. ''I always used to say, `I wish I could go back to college,' and technically I'm going back to college.''
Newman spent nine seasons with the Dallas Cowboys, who take their training camp to Oxnard, California, but players there stay in hotels. Newman's last three years were with the Cincinnati Bengals, one of the many teams who've recently relocated out-of-town training camp operations to their usual in-season site.
The Vikings and Pittsburgh Steelers, who were the first teams in the league to report for camp this season due to their participation in the Aug. 9 exhibition game on Hall of Fame induction weekend, have each launched celebrations of their 50th consecutive year at the same site. The Steelers go to Saint Vincent College in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. The Green Bay Packers have trained at St. Norbert College in De Pere, Wisconsin, for 58 straight summers.
''I do think the situation we're in right now, this is the best for us to get ready as a football team,'' coach Mike Zimmer said. ''I think Mankato does a great job of helping us feel welcome, and the university here as well.''
The home-away-from-home setup has been fading like the role of the fullback and the prominence of the Tampa Two zone defense, with more teams building state-of-the-art practice facilities at their suburban headquarters for cost efficiency instead of taking the show on the road for a few weeks. This year, a record 20 of 32 teams are holding training camps at home. Fifteen years ago, only five teams stayed on site.
Vikings headquarters in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, have long been cramped and dated, making training camp impossible there with 90 players and many more fans who want to watch practice and fetch autographs. There's always the possibility of a newer, bigger facility in the southwest Minneapolis suburbs that could host training camp, but for now the Vikings have been in discussions with Minnesota State University about returning in the near future after the current contract expires at the end of the summer.
''Our entire organization has a deep appreciation for Minnesota State University and the city of Mankato,'' spokesman Jeff Anderson said. ''We have developed strong relationships within the community over 50 years and value the unique opportunity for Vikings fans to interact with our players and coaches.''
As a team with a regional fan base that stretches well into Iowa, North Dakota and South Dakota, going southwest to Mankato gives more fans the chance to watch. As the first full practice began on a steamy Sunday afternoon, a group of fans serenaded the stretching players with a verse of the team's ''Skol, Vikings'' fight song.
The support is welcomed, but especially for the veteran players with young children the choice, if given one, would always be easy.
''The biggest deal for me is sleep in your own bed, having your family at home, being able to see them,'' said defensive end Brian Robison, starting his ninth season with the team.
Backup quarterback Shaun Hill returned to the Vikings this year after nine seasons away, all of which were spent with teams that trained at home. The cinder-block, mid-1960s high-rise twin towers the team used to stay in here have since been torn down. The new building has central air conditioning.
''It's still a dorm,'' Hill said, ''but it is an upgraded dorm, for sure.''
So does the site make a difference for a team's preparation, putting aside the precious issue of sleeping in a player's own bed?
''In training camp, you're around guys so much you're going to team build anyway. I don't know. They say, `Be here,' so we're here,'' wide receiver Mike Wallace said. ''So that doesn't really matter. It's just like any other job. They want you somewhere, you've got to be there.''
AP NFL websites: http://www.pro32.ap.org and http://www.twitter.com/AP-NFL
terence newman
brian robison
Shaun Hill


There are just about half a million veterans living in the Volunteer State. Veteran unemployment in Tennessee comes in at almost a full point below the national unemployment average. In 2015, the state was ranked at the top of the country for advanced industry job growth. Nine of the world's largest companies are based in Tennessee.
If you move to the state, you should probably brush up on your Tennessee Whiskey knowledge. It was invented in 1866 by Jack Daniel. Jack was really just a nickname, his full name was Jasper Newton Daniel. (Somehow it just doesn't sound right - ordering a Jasper n' coke instead of a Jack n' coke!) His death can be blamed on his bad memory. The way the story goes, he couldn't remember the combination to his safe and one morning it made him so angry, he kicked the thing, hard. His toe became infected and he died from blood poisoning.
There are a few Tennessee laws you need to be aware of if you chose to retire in this state. You should be aware that there is only one animal that you can shoot out of your car window in Tennessee – whales. (The closest beach to this landlocked state is 445 miles away, good luck shooting those whales!) In Memphis, it's illegal for women to drive cars unless a man is either running or walking in front of it waving a red flag. Sticking with Memphis, you can't take unfinished pie home from a restaurant and it's very illegal for frogs to croak after 11 p.m. In Lexington, anyone who has been drinking is considered sober until they can't hold onto the ground anymore. If you fall down drunk, technically you're holding onto the ground, right?
There isn't personal income tax in Tennessee. The state taxes dividend and interest income only.
Property Tax Relief for Disabled Veterans. Veterans with an honorable discharge may receive a tax break of up to $100,000. The veteran must own and use the property as a primary resident. Apply for this at your nearest State Veterans Service Offices. This may be passed along to surviving spouses as long as they do not remarry.
Eligible veterans classified as out-of-state students pay in-state tuition and fees at all Tennessee public higher education institutions. The state's education checklist is a good place to start.
Helping Heroes Grant. This is a first come, first served grant for up to $1,000 per semester. You must have an honorable discharge and be a state resident for one year prior to the application date. The grant is paid after the completion of the semester. Here's a list of eligible schools.
Dependents of veterans: children (under 23 years old) and spouses of veterans may receive tree tuition and have a waiver for maintenance fees, student activity fees and registration fees. The veteran must have been killed or died as a result of injuries received while being a POW or MIA. Contact your local State Veterans Service Office for more info.
Veterans receive preference points when testing for open and open non-promotional examinations for state jobs. Tennessee only accepts online applications. To qualify you must have an honorable discharge.
5 points: honorable discharge, served during a period of war, state resident for two years. Spouses of veterans who died in a time when there was not a war qualify for five points as well.
Information on starting a veteran owned business.
Hope Now is for those who might be in trouble with their mortgage lenders.
Day and Child Care for low income and working poor families.
Home or Cell Phone discounts available to some low income families.
Temporary and Transition Housing. You can also access job training, self-sufficiency, education, food and other support.
Assistance for Seniors in Tennessee. Adults over 55 years old who need financial/medical bill assistance, food and home delivered meals.
Energy, Cooling and Utility Bill assistance.
TN Department of the Military Youth Programs. Available to school age dependents, ages 6 to 18 years, of National Guard Soldiers and Airmen, regardless of deployment status (including traditional drilling Guardsmen), survivors, and Airmen geographically-separated from installation-based program support.
Fishing/Hunting licenses. Veterans with at least a 30 percent VA rated disability may receive a license for a one-time $10 fee.
Camping. During the off season veterans receive the same discounts offered to senior citizens.
Certificate of Eligibility. Eligible veterans may obtain a certificate of eligibility when purchasing a home. Contact a state veteran field office for more info.
There are four state veterans' homes in Tennessee. Admission eligibility includes state residency and born and entered the military in Tennessee. Spouses, widow/widowers and Gold Star Parents are eligible for admission on a space available basis.Costs are based on income.


The Link Building Is Good. Promote His hearing Is Better.
For those of you not knowing what the Link Building, there is a strategy to influence the ranking of your blog or site on search engines by getting on other blogs or websites that you, links back to your own website. These links are called "inbound links" or Back links. The number and quality of back links provide a level of importance to your page, which will be taken into account in the allocation of your ranking on search engines.
So we can say that Link Building is one of the basic principles on which is based the SEO because unrelated it is very difficult to show your blog or site on a search engine ... for now.
Other criteria are also taken into account in the ranking of your site. This article covers one of them will, I invite you to do a little research on Google if you want more details.
The Link Building is to get links back to your own blog. To do so, there are various techniques such as link exchange, directory entry, the publication of a press release, the purchase of bonds, "the guest section" or guest post, the placement of a commentary, ... The list is long, each technique has its pros and cons, and a detailed explanation of each of Input-they may be the subject of another article.
The current concern in the world of Link Building is a lot of people or companies focus on the quantity of back links. Whether you're an SEO agency trying to place 300 links per month on blogs for clients or a blogger registering on 30 directories and commenting on 50 blogs per week, the error here is to try to get a Maximum number of back links, and to forget the quality or rather the relevance, which is what Google is focusing more and more.
This article is therefore to clarify the impact generated by a choice is oriented to the number of links, or to the quality of a link.
When one wishes to begin a campaign of Link Building, identify objectives at short, medium and long term. To find out what techniques to use to fulfill its objectives, it begs a question that many of us too often focused on the "robotic" our own website Search Engine Optimisation, avoid.
In other words, is it better to get links simply to inflate its number of back links and focus on the impact of "robotics", or is it better to get natural links by sharing human?
I hope that the second option jumps out at you! "It is self-evident" looks like another, but the first option is so popular that Google is starting to seriously penalize small troublemakers trying to place links around at all costs.
The added up-to-date, honest and absolute advice you put on your accommodation application, the added acceptable you are to be approved. For instance, entering a corpuscle buzz cardinal instead of a home buzz cardinal makes it added difficult to verify your advice and abounding lenders will not acquire applications that cannot be verified.


Size Options 16" x 16" 16" x 18" 17" x 17" 18" x 16" 18" x 18" 20" x 18"
The re-engineered, cost-effective Roho Mosaic Cushion from IndeMedical.com in now even better. With a more comfortable fit, you'll enjoy more sitting time while protecting your skin. By always matching your shape and following your movements throughout the day, the Mosaic is designed with you in mind, it features increased airflow and sit time with a more anatomically designed cell height.
Q: How thick is this cushion?
The Roho Mosaic Cushion has a height of 2.75". You can order online 24/7 or give us a call at 480-704-3807 M-F.


Angiolella Versaci is a dynamic and young jewelry store, present on many marketplaces. We want to satisfy the customer 100%, with shipping within 24 hours, ensuring security in web payments and customer service always prepared and available. We are resellers of all our brands for this we guarantee only original products, with warranty valid internationally. With us you will always receive the free gift box.


Senior Living Q & A: What about long-term-care insurance?
Q. I've been hearing a lot about "long-term-care insurance." Won't Medicare cover my needs?
The short answer is, no, probably not.
Unlike other types of medical procedures and treatments, long-term care is not primarily intended to cure a medical condition. It focuses, instead, on helping a person cope with a reduced level of function over an extended period of time — sometimes indefinitely.
Generally, an individual in such circumstances needs assistance with what are called "activities of daily living," i.e., bathing, dressing, feeding, toileting and transferring.
Years ago, "long-term care" was virtually synonymous with "nursing-home care." However, today most long-term care is actually provided in the patient's own home — either by family or friends (called "informal caregivers") pressed into duty by the circumstances, or by paid healthcare professionals who visit to provide the needed services.
Long-term care also is delivered in other settings, including "assisted living" or community-based facilities such as adult daycare centers. Only the most intensive care is still delivered in skilled nursing homes.
Most healthcare insurance policies do not cover long-term-care costs. Neither does Medicare, except under very specific circumstances, and following a qualifying hospital stay. You must be hospitalized for at least three days before being transferred to a skilled nursing facility. Medicare will pay for the first 20 days, days 21-99 have a co-payment of up to $141.50 (in 2011) and after day 100 you pay 100% (in each benefit period.) In order to qualify for skilled nursing care you must need services that can only be administered by a registered nurse, MD, or physical or occupational therapist on a daily basis. You also must be "making progress," or improving each day.
Consult with your financial planner.
Meet with an insurance agent who specializes in long-term care insurance.
Meet with an elder-law attorney.
Educate yourself through independent research.
But however you choose to proceed, you really owe it to yourself and your family to become long-term-care aware. Take the time now to explore your options. As with all insurance, the time to look is before you need it.


Incredible Oceanfront Opportunity. Located in the tranquil Punto Cerritos R.V. Park, this 1997 34 foot Alpenlite 5th Wheel is on one half of a double lot. The other half contains a beautiful Bedroom/Bathroom suite complete with tub. Centered between the two is an exquisite outdoor gourmet kitchen. A very spacious stand alone living room offering ocean views under a Palapa roof make this property truly a piece of Paradise. Two spacious patios make this a perfect spot to entertain friends and family. In fact, this is a perfect opportunity for 2 owners to purchase together. Your individual cost would be less than many on offer with no spectacular view. Comes completely furnished, absolutely turnkey. Dont miss this one, it is a must see!
Local comercial en venta ubicado Marina Mazatlán. Ideal para negocio. Gran plusvalía. 189 Metros Cuadrados de superficie, 2 baños, estacionamiento y seguridad 24/7.


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Articles with Czech-language external links, All articles with unsourced statements, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014,
Anti-tank missiles of the United States
Weapons of the United States
Raytheon products
FGM-148 Javelin
Two United States Army soldiers fire an FGM-148 Javelin
Anti-tank missile
See Users
Operation Enduring Freedom (2001–present)
Operation Iraqi Freedom / Operation New Dawn (20 March 2003 – 15 December 2011)
Texas Instruments and Martin Marietta
(now Raytheon and Lockheed Martin)
Raytheon and Lockheed Martin
$78,000 (missile); $126,000 (reusable Command Launch Unit) (2002)[1]
22.3 kg (49.2 lb) (carry weight)
Detachable CLU: 6.4 kg (14.1 lb)[2][3]
Missile: 1.1 m (43 in)
Launch tube: 1.2 m (47 in)
Missile: 127 mm (5.0 in)
Launch tube: 142 mm (5.6 in)
Effective range
75 to 2500 m
4,750 m[4]
Tandem shaped charge HEAT
Warhead weight
8.4 kg (18.5 lb)[5]
Impact force
Solid fuel rocket
Imaging infrared (IIR)
The FGM-148 Javelin is a United States-made man-portable fire-and-forget anti-tank missile fielded to replace the Dragon antitank missile in US service.[6]
Overview Edit
Javelin is a fire-and-forget missile with lock-on before launch and automatic self-guidance. The system takes a top-attack flight profile against armored vehicles (attacking the top armor, which is generally thinner), but can also take a direct-attack mode for use against buildings. This missile also has the ability to engage helicopters in the direct attack mode.[6] It can reach a peak altitude of 150 m (500 ft) in top-attack mode and 60 m in direct-fire mode. It is equipped with an imaging infrared seeker. The tandem warhead is fitted with two shaped charges: a precursor warhead to detonate any explosive reactive armor and a primary warhead to penetrate base armor.
The missile is ejected from the launcher so that it reaches a safe distance from the operator before the main rocket motors ignite; a "soft launch arrangement".[7] This makes it harder to identify the launcher; however, back-blast from the launch tube still poses a hazard to nearby personnel. Thanks to this "fire and forget" system, the firing team may move on as soon as the missile has been launched.[5]
The missile system is most often carried by a two man team consisting of a gunner and an ammo bearer, although it can be fired with just one person if necessary. While the gunner aims and fires the missile, the ammo bearer scans for prospective targets, watches for threats such as enemy vehicles and troops, and ensures personnel and obstacles are clear of the missile's back blast.
In 1983, the United States Army introduced its AAWS-M (Advanced Anti-Tank Weapon System—Medium) requirement and, in 1985, the AAWS-M was approved for development. In August 1986, the Proof-of-Principle (POP) phase of the development began, with a $30 million contract awarded for technical proof demonstrators: Ford Aerospace (laser-beam riding), Hughes Aircraft Missile System Group (imaging infra-red combined with a fiber-optic cable link) and Texas Instruments (imaging infra-red).[8] In late 1988, the POP phase ended and, in June 1989, the full-scale development contract was awarded to a joint venture of Texas Instruments and Martin Marietta (now Raytheon and Lockheed-Martin). The AAWS-M received the designation of FGM-148.
External images
AAWS-M Candidates Fact Sheets
Hughes Aircraft
Ford Aerospace
In April 1991, the first test-flight of the Javelin succeeded, and in March 1993, the first test-firing from the launcher succeeded. In 1994, low levels of production were authorized,[6] and the first Javelins were deployed with US Army units in 1996.[6]
Test and evaluation Edit
Development test and evaluation (DT&E) is conducted to demonstrate that the engineering design and development process is complete. It is used to reduce risk, validate and qualify the design, and ensure that the product is ready for government acceptance. The DT&E results are evaluated to ensure that design risks have been minimized and the system will meet specifications. The results are also used to estimate the system's military utility when it is introduced into service. DT&E serves a critical purpose in reducing the risks of development by testing selected high-risk components or subsystems. DT&E is the government developing agency tool used to confirm that the system performs as technically specified and that the system is ready for field testing.
DT&E is an iterative process of designing, building, testing, identifying deficiencies, fixing, retesting, and repeating. It is performed in the factory, laboratory, and on the proving ground by the contractors and the government. Contractor and government testing is combined into one integrated test program and conducted to determine if the performance requirements have been met and to provide data to the decision authority.
The General Accounting Office (GAO) published a report questioning the adequacy of Javelin testing. The report, called "Army Acquisition—Javelin Is Not Ready for Multiyear Procurement",[9] opposed entering into full-rate production in 1997 and expressed the need for further operational testing due to the many redesigns undergone.
In 1995, Secretary of Defense William Perry had set forth five new operational test initiatives. These included: 1) getting operational testers involved early in development; 2) use of modeling and simulation; 3) integrating development and operational testing; 4) combining testing and training; and 5) applying concepts to demos and acquisitions.
The late-phase development of the Javelin retroactively benefited from the then new operational test initiatives set forth by the Secretary of Defense, as well as a further test conducted as a consequence of the Army's response to the GAO report. Before the Milestone III decision, and before fielding to 3rd Battalion 75th Ranger Regiment at Fort Benning (also Army Rangers, Special Forces, airborne, air assault, and light infantry), the Javelin was subjected to limited parts of the five operational test and evaluation initiatives, as well as a portability operational test program (an additional test phase of the so-called Product Verification Test),[10] which included live firings with the full-rate configuration weapon.
Per initiatives and as a DT&E function, the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) [11] and the Defense Department's Director of Operational Test and Evaluation (DOT&E) [12] became involved in three development test activities, including: 1) reviewing initial operational test and evaluation plans; 2) monitoring initial operational test and evaluation; and 3) structuring follow-on test and evaluation activities. The results of these efforts detected problems (training included) and corrected significant problems which led to modified test plans, savings in test costs, and GAO satisfaction.
Qualification testing Edit
The Javelin Environmental Test System (JETS) is a mobile test set for Javelin All-Up-Round (AUR) and the Command Launch Unit (CLU). It can be configured to functionally test the AUR or the CLU individually or both units in a mated tactical mode. This mobile unit may be repositioned at the various environmental testing facilities. The mobile system is used for all phases of Javelin qualification testing. There is also a non-mobile JETS used for stand-alone CLU testing. This system is equipped with an environmental chamber and is primarily used for Product Verification Testing (PRVT). Capabilities include: Javelin CLU testing; Javelin AUR testing; Javelin Mated Mode testing; Javelin testing in various environmental conditions; and CLU PRVT.[13]
The All-up-Round Test Sets includes: Extreme temperature testing; Missile tracker testing (Track rate error, Tracking sensitivity); Seeker/focal plane array testing (Cool-down time, Dead/defective pixels, Seeker identification); Pneumatic leakage; Continuity measurements; Ready time; and Guidance sections (Guidance commands, Fin movement).
Components Edit
Missile Edit
Warhead Edit
Missile components.
US Marine carrying a Javelin missile during Operation Moshtarak in Marjeh, Afghanistan 2010
The Javelin missile's tandem warhead is a HEAT type.[6] This round utilizes an explosive shaped charge to create a stream of superplastically deformed metal formed from trumpet-shaped metallic liners. The result is a narrow high velocity particle stream that can penetrate armor.
The Javelin counters the advent of explosive reactive armor (ERA). ERA boxes or tiles lie over a vehicle's main armor and explode when struck by a warhead. This explosion does not harm the vehicle's main armor, but causes steel panels to fly across the path of the HEAT round's particle stream, so that the warhead expends much of its energy cutting through the panels instead of the main armor. The Javelin uses two shaped-charge warheads in tandem. The weak, smaller diameter HEAT precursor charge pushes through the ERA without setting it off, and punches a channel through it for the much larger diameter HEAT warhead, which then penetrates the target's primary armor.
A two-layered molybdenum liner is used for the precursor and a copper liner for the main warhead.
To protect the main charge from the explosive blast, shock, and debris caused by the impact of the missile's nose and the detonation of the precursor charge, a blast shield is used between the main and precursor charge. This was the first composite material blast shield and the first that had a hole through the middle to provide a jet that is less spread out.
A newer main charge liner produces a higher velocity jet. While making the warhead smaller, this change makes it more effective leaving more room for propellant for the main rocket motor, thus increasing the missile's range.
Electronic arming and fusing, called Electronic Safe Arming and Fire (ESAF), is used. The ESAF system enables the firing and arming process to proceed, while imposing a series of safety checks on the missile. ESAF cues the launch motor after the trigger is pulled. When the missile reaches a key acceleration point (indicating that it has cleared the launch tube), the ESAF initiates a second arming signal to fire the flight motor. After another check on missile conditions (target lock check), ESAF initiates final arming to enable the warheads for detonation upon target impact. When the missile strikes the target, ESAF enables the tandem warhead function (provide appropriate time between the detonation of the precursor charge and the detonation of the main charge).
U.S. soldier firing Javelin.
Most rocket launchers require a large clear area behind the gunner to prevent injury from backblast. To address this shortcoming, without increasing recoil to an unacceptable level, the Javelin system uses a soft launch mechanism. A launch motor using conventional rocket propellant ejects the missile from the launcher, but stops burning before the missile clears the tube. The flight motor is ignited only after a delay to allow for sufficient clearance from the operator. To save weight, the two motors are integrated with a burst disc between them; it is designed to tolerate the pressure of the launch motor from one side, but to easily rupture from the other when the flight motor ignites. Both motors use a common nozzle, with the flight motor's exhaust flowing through the expended launch motor. Because the launch motor casing remains in place, an unusual annular (ring-shaped) igniter is used to start it; a normal igniter would be blown out the back of the missile when the flight motor ignited and could injure the operator. Since the launch motor uses a standard NATO propellant, the presence of lead beta-resorcinol as a burn rate modifier causes an amount of lead and lead oxide to be present in the exhaust; for this reason, gunners are asked to hold their breath after firing.
In the event that the launch motor malfunctions and the launch tube is overpressurized—for example, if the rocket gets stuck—the Javelin missile includes a pressure release system to prevent the launcher from exploding. The launch motor is held in place by a set of shear pins, which fracture if the pressure rises too high and allow the motor to be pushed out the back of the tube.
Seeker Edit
As a fire-and-forget missile, after launch the missile has to be able to track and destroy its target without the gunner. This is done by coupling an on-board imaging IR system (different from CLU imaging system) with an on-board tracking system.
The gunner uses the CLU's IR system to find and identify the target then switches to the missile's independent IR system to set a track box around the target and establish a lock. The gunner places brackets around the image for locking.
The seeker stays focused on the target's image continuing to track it as the target moves or the missile's flight path alters or as attack angles change. The seeker has three main components: focal plane array (FPA), cooling and calibration and stabilization.
Focal plane array (FPA) Edit
Main article: Staring array
The seeker assembly is encased in a dome which is transparent to long-wave infrared radiation. The IR radiation passes through the dome and then through lenses that focus the energy. The IR energy is reflected by mirrors on to the FPA. The seeker is a two-dimensional staring FPA of 64x64 MerCad (HgCdTe) detector elements.[14] The FPA processes the signals from the detectors and relays a signal to the missile's tracker.
The staring array is a photo-capacitive device where the incident photons stimulate electrons and are stored in the detector as an accumulated charge. The electrons are discharged, pixel by pixel, as currents to a readout integrated circuits attached at the rear of the detector.
Cooling/Calibration Edit
The FPA must be cooled and calibrated. The CLU's IR detectors are cooled using a Dewar flask and a closed-cycle Stirling engine. But there is insufficient space in the missile for a similar solution. So, prior to launch, a cooler mounted on the outside of the launch tube activates the electrical systems in the missile and supplies cold gas from a Joule-Thomson expander to the missile detector assembly while the missile is still in the launch tube. When the missile is fired, this external connection is broken and coolant gas is supplied internally by an onboard argon gas bottle. The gas is held in a small bottle at high pressure and contains enough coolant for the duration of the flight of approximately 19 seconds.
The seeker is calibrated using a chopper wheel. This device is a fan of 6 blades: 5 black blades with very low IR emissivity and one semi-reflective blade. These blades spin in front of the seeker optics in a synchronized fashion such that the FPA is continually provided with points of reference in addition to viewing the scene. These reference points allow the FPA to reduce noise introduced by response variations in the detector elements.
Stabilization Edit
The platform on which the seeker is mounted must be stabilized with respect to the motion of the missile body and the seeker must be moved to stay aligned with the target. The stabilization system must cope with rapid acceleration, up/down and lateral movements. This is done by a gimbal system, accelerometers, spinning-mass gyros (or MEMS), and motors to drive changes in position of the platform. The system is basically an autopilot. Information from the gyros is fed to the guidance electronics which drive a torque motor attached to the seeker platform to keep the seeker aligned with the target. The wires that connect the seeker with the rest of the missile are carefully designed to avoid inducing motion or drag on the seeker platform.
Tracker Edit
Top attack flight profile.
Direct attack flight path.
The tracker is key to guidance/control for an eventual hit. The signals from each of the 4,096 detector elements (64x64 pixel array) in the seeker are passed to the FPA readout integrated circuits which reads then creates a video frame that is sent to the tracker system for processing. By comparing the individual frames the tracker determines the need to correct so as to keep the missile on target. The tracker must be able to determine which portion of the image represents the target. The target is initially defined by the gunner who places a configurable frame around it. The tracker then uses algorithms to compare that region of the frame based on image, geometric, and movement data to the new image frames being sent from the seeker, similar to pattern recognition algorithms. At the end of each frame the reference is updated. The tracker is able to keep track of the target even though the seeker's point of view can change radically in the course of flight.
To guide the missile, the tracker locates the target in the current frame and compares this position with the aim point. If this position is off center, the tracker computes a correction and passes it to the guidance system, which makes the appropriate adjustments to the four movable tail fins, as well as six fixed wings at mid-body. This is an autopilot. To guide the missile, the system has sensors that check that the fins are positioned as requested. If not, the deviation is sent back to the controller for further adjustment. This is a closed-loop controller.
There are three stages in the flight managed by the tracker: 1) an initial phase just after launch; 2) a mid-flight phase that lasts for most of the flight; and 3) a terminal phase in which the tracker selects the sweet spot for the point of impact. With guidance algorithms, the autopilot uses data from the seeker and tracker to determine when to transition the missile from one phase of flight to another. Depending on whether the missile is in top attack or direct attack mode, the profile of the flight can change significantly. The top attack mode requires the missile to climb sharply after launch and cruise at high altitude then dive on the top of the target (curveball). In direct attack mode (fastball), the missile cruises at a lower altitude directly at target. The exact flight path which takes into account the range to the target is calculated by the guidance unit.
Launch Tube Assembly Edit
Both men carry a disposable tube called the Launch Tube Assembly which houses the missile and protects the missile from harsh environments. The tube also has built in electronics and a locking hinge system that makes attachment and detachment of the missile to and from the Command Launch Unit a very quick and simple process.
Command Launch Unit Edit
Command Launch Unit.
CLU after action.
The gunner carries a reusable Command Launch Unit (in addition to the Launch Tube Assembly) more commonly referred to as a CLU (pronounced "clue"). The CLU is the targeting component of the two part system. The CLU has three views which are used to find, target, and fire the missile. The CLU may also be used separately from the missile as a portable thermal sight. Infantry are no longer required to stay in constant contact with armored personnel carriers and tanks with thermal sights. This makes infantry personnel more flexible and able to perceive threats they would not otherwise be able to detect. In 2006, a contract was awarded to Toyon Research Corporation to begin development of an upgrade to the CLU enabling the transmission of target image and GPS location data to other units.[15]
Day Field of View Edit
The first view is a 4× magnification day view. It is mainly used to scan areas for light during night operation, because light is not visible in the thermal views. It is also used to scan following sunrise and sunset, when the thermal image is hard to focus due to the natural rapid heating and/or cooling of the Earth.
WFOV (Wide Field of View) Edit
The second view is the 4x magnification night view, and shows the gunner a thermal representation of the area viewed. This is also the primary view used due to its ability to detect infrared radiation and find both troops and vehicles otherwise too well hidden to detect. The screen shows a "green scale" view which can be adjusted in both contrast and brightness. The inside of the CLU is cooled by a small refrigeration unit attached to the sight. This greatly increases the sensitivity of the thermal imaging capability since the temperature inside the sight is much lower than that of the objects it detects. Due to the sensitivity this causes, the gunner is able to "focus" the CLU to show a very detailed image of the area being viewed by showing temperature differences of only a few degrees. The gunner operates this view with the use of two hand stations similar to the control stick found in modern cockpits. It is from this view that the gunner focuses the image and determines the area that gives the best heat signature on which to lock the missile.
NFOV (Narrow Field of View) Edit
The third field of view is a 12x thermal sight used to better identify the target vehicle. Once the CLU has been focused in WFOV, the gunner may switch to NFOV for target recognition before activating Seeker FOV.
Seeker Field of View Edit
Once the best target area is chosen, the gunner presses one of the two triggers and is automatically switched to the fourth view; the Seeker FOV, which is a 9x magnification thermal view. This process is similar to the automatic zoom feature on most modern cameras. This view is also available along with the previously mentioned views, all of which may be accessed with press of a button. However, it is not as popular as a high magnification view takes longer to scan a wide area. This view allows the gunner to further aim the missile and set the guidance system housed inside the actual missile. It is when in this view that information is passed from the CLU, through the connection electronics of the Launch Tube Assembly, and into the missile's guidance system. If the gunner feels uncomfortable with firing the missile, he can still cycle back to the other views without having to fire the missile. When the gunner is comfortable with the target picture, he pulls the second trigger and establishes a "lock". The missile launches after a short delay.
Training Edit
A great familiarity of each control and swift operation needs to be achieved before the unit can be deployed efficiently. American troops are trained on the system at the Infantry School in Fort Benning, Georgia, for two weeks. The soldiers are taught basic care and maintenance, operation and abilities, assembly and disassembly, and the positions it can be fired from. Soldiers are also taught to distinguish between a variety of vehicle types even when only a rough outline is visible. The soldiers must accomplish several timed drills with set standards before being qualified to operate the system in both training and wartime situations. There are also smaller training programs set up on most Army bases that instruct soldiers on the proper use of the system. At these courses, the training program might be changed in small ways. This is most commonly only minor requirements left out due to budget, the amount of soldiers vs. simulation equipment, and available time and resources. Both types of training courses have required proficiency levels that must be met before the soldier can operate the system in training exercises or wartime missions.
Advantages and disadvantages Edit
Advantages Edit
Javelin's backblast
The portable system is easy to separate into main components and easy to set up when needed. Compared to more cumbersome anti-tank weapon systems, the difference is noticeable. For example, a TOW requires a heavy tripod stand, a bulky protective case for the thermal sight, a larger, longer launch tube, and requires much more time to assemble and prepare. The Javelin (although still very heavy) is lighter than the other missiles and their necessary parts.
Although the CLU's thermal imaging may hinder aiming, its thermal targeting allows the Javelin to be a fire-and-forget system. This gives the firer an opportunity to be out of sight and possibly moving to a new angle of fire, or out of the area, by the time the enemy realizes they are under attack. This is much safer than using a wire-guided system where the firer must stay stationary to guide the missile into the target.
Another advantage is the Javelin's power at impact. The missile's tandem shaped charge warhead is made to penetrate reactive armor. With the top attack mode, it has an even greater ability to destroy the tank because it can attack where most tanks are weakest.[6]
The soft launch capability of the Javelin allows it to have only a minimal backblast area. In addition to reducing the visible launch signature from the enemy, this enables the Javelin to be fired from inside structures with minimal preparation, which gives the Javelin advantages in urban fighting over the widely used AT4 (which has a very large backblast area, although this is lessened in the AT4 CS). A large backblast area would seriously injure personnel if fired from inside an unprepared structure, and may betray the location of the launch to enemy observers.
The missile also has a greater range than the system it replaces, the M47 Dragon.[6]
Disadvantages Edit
The main drawback of the complete system (missile, tube, and CLU) is its 49.2 lb (22.3 kg) total weight. The system is designed to be portable by infantry on foot and weighs more than the original weight specified by the army.[16]
Another drawback of the system is the reliance on a thermal view to acquire targets. The thermal views are not able to operate until the refrigeration component has cooled the system. The manufacturer estimates 30 seconds until this is complete, but depending on the ambient temperature, this process may take much longer.
Also, Javelin launchers and missiles are rather expensive. A single Javelin command launch unit costs around $125,000, and each missile costs around $80,000.
The operator of the complex has no opportunity to correct the flight of the rocket after launch (when the target heat contrasts poorly with the terrain, the missile can miss).
Combat history Edit
The Javelin was used in the 2003 Invasion of Iraq [6] on Iraqi Type 69 and Lion of Babylon tanks. In one short engagement, a platoon of special forces troops equipped with Javelins destroyed two T-55 tanks, eight armored personnel carriers and four troop trucks.[17]
Users Edit
A Norwegian soldier with the FGM-148 Javelin.
Australia: 92 launchers.[18]
Bahrain: 13 launchers.[19]
Czech Republic: Purchased 3 launchers and 12 missiles for its special forces (intended for use in Afghanistan).[20]
France: 76 launchers and 260 missiles for use in Afghanistan.[21] Replacing MILAN anti-tank missile.[22]
Georgia[23]
Indonesia[24]
Ireland[25]
Israel[citation needed]
Jordan: 30 launchers and 116 missiles were received in 2004, and another 162 JAVELIN Command Launch Units (CLUs), 18 Fly-to-Buy Missiles, 1,808 JAVELIN Anti-Tank Guided Missiles and other support equipment was ordered in 2009. The estimated cost is $388 million.[26]
Lithuania: 40 launchers.[27]
New Zealand: 24 launchers and 120 missiles.[28]
Norway: 100 launchers and 526 missiles. Delivered from 2006, in use from 2009.[29]
Oman: 30 launchers.[30]
Saudi Arabia[citation needed]
Taiwan: In 2002, Taiwan bought 360 Javelin missiles and 40 launcher units for $39 million. The contract also included training devices, logistics support, associated equipment and training.[31] In 2008, the United States issued a congressional notification for the sale of a further 20 launchers and 182 more missiles.[32]
United Arab Emirates[33]
United Kingdom: In January 2003, the UK Ministry of Defence announced that it had decided to procure Javelin for the Light Forces Anti-Tank Guided Weapon System (LFATGWS) requirement. It entered UK service in 2005 replacing the MILAN and Swingfire systems.[6][34][35]
United States: In 2003, the United States General Accounting Office (GAO) reported that the Army could not account for 36 Javelin command launch units totaling approximately $2.8 million.[36] The New York Times later reported supply chain problems at military armories and warehouses in 2004 and expressed concerns of weapons falling into enemy hands.[37]
Potential users Edit
India: India had planned to buy some of the systems off-the-shelf and a much larger number was to be indigenously manufactured under licensed production.[38] But, the plan to go in for the American FGM-148 Javelin ATGMs had "virtually been shelved" because of Washington's reluctance to provide full military knowhow - licensed "transfer of technology (ToT)" - to allow India to indigenously manufacture the "tank killers" in large numbers after an initial off-the-shelf purchase.[39] In September 2013, the U.S. proposed co-development of the next version of the Javelin with India as a way to deepen defense ties between the two countries.[40]
Qatar: In March 2013, Qatar requested the sale of 500 Javelin missiles and 50 command launch units.[41]
Spike (missile)
Type 01 LMAT
9K115-2 Metis-M
Shershen
List of missiles
↑ http://www.inetres.com/gp/military/infantry/antiarmor/Javelin.html
↑ http://www.army-technology.com/projects/javelin/
↑ Javelin Man-Portable Anti-Tank Missile Demonstrates Extended Range Capability - Deagel.com, February 6, 2013
↑ 5.0 5.1 Javelin Antitank Missile
↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 Javelin Anti-Armour Missile – Army Technology
↑ Javelin Antitank Missile
↑ Jane's Weapon Systems 1988–1989 page 153
↑ U.S. Government Accountability Office (U.S. GAO)
↑ JAVELIN, Redstone Arsenal (archived from http://www.redstone.army.mil/history/systems/JAVELIN.html the original on 2001-02-15)
↑ Institute for Defense Analyses.
↑ Office of the Director, Operational Test & Evaluation, Office of the Secretary of Defense. (archived from the original on 2011-07-23)
↑ Javelin Environmental Test System (JETS), Redstone Technical Test Center (RTTC) (archived from the original on 2008-01-26)
↑ 64 × 64 LWIR Focal Plane Assembly (FPA) Highly Linear, Rapid Operation Staring Array, Raytheon. (archived from the original on 2009-02-27)
↑ "262 Phase I Selections from the 06.2 Solicitation". Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927063748/http://www.dodsbir.net/selections/abs062/armyabs062.htm.
↑ Raytheon/Lockheed Martin FGM-148 Javelin
↑ THE STRUGGLE FOR IRAQ: COMBAT; How Green Berets Beat the Odds at an Iraq Alamo By THOM SHANKER Published: September 22, 2003, New York Times
↑ The World Defence Almanac 2010 page 418 ISSN 0722-3226 Monch Publishing Group. Australia was one of the first countries that the US government gave "unrestricted" permission for the export of the Javelin.
↑ Bahrain Requests 160 Javelins & 60 CLUs
↑ A-report (Czech) (archived from the original on 2009-02-27)
↑ The World Defence Almanac 2010 page 136 ISSN 0722-3226 Monch Publishing Group
↑ France replacing Milan – Strategypage.com
↑ Georgia to buy weapons from US: Voice of Russia
↑ Indonesia & Jordan; Javelin missile order - Dmilt.com, May 26, 2013
↑ Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009). ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
↑ Jordan to buy Javelin anti-tank missiles from USA of worth $388 million : Defense news
↑ Lockheed Martin press release (archived from the original on 2007-03-27)
↑ "Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States – JAVELIN Guided Missile Systems". DSCA. 2008-10-03. http://www.dsca.mil/PressReleases/36-b/2008/Taiwan_08-70.pdf. Retrieved 2008-10-05.
↑ MOD press release
↑ Javelin Medium Range Anti-tank Guided Weapon
↑ Abate, Tom (2003-05-18). "Military waste under fire / trillion missing – Bush plan targets Pentagon accounting". The San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2003/05/18/MN251738.DTL.
↑ Schmitt, Eric; Thompson, Ginger (2007-11-11). "Broken Supply Channel Sent Arms for Iraq Astray". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/11/world/middleeast/11weapons.html?_r=1. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
↑ Pandit, Rajat (2010-08-17). "India to order large number of Javelin anti-tank missiles from US". The Times Of India. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-17/india/28273102_1_nag-missile-konkurs-atgms-anti-tank.
↑ Pandit, Rajat (2012-11-29). "Israel pips US in anti-tank guided missile supply to India". The Times Of India. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-29/india/35434262_1_namicas-konkurs-nag-missile.
↑ United States and India could start the co-development of new version of Javelin anti-tank missile - Armyrecognition.com, 22 September 2013
↑ Qatar Requests Sales of 500 Javelin Anti-Tank Missile Rounds and 50 Launch Units - Deagel.com, March 28, 2013
Wikimedia Commons has media related to FGM-148 Javelin.
Javelin, Lockheed Martin (archived from the original on 2008-01-20)
FAS article on Javelin
Javelin tank killer
AAWS-M: from the DRAGON to today's JAVELIN Story
1963 United States Tri-Service missile and drone designation system
MGM-1
RIM-2
MIM-3
AIM-4
RGM-6
AIM-7/RIM-7
CIM-10
PGM-11
AGM-12
CGM-13/MGM-13
MIM-14
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CGM-16
MGM-18
ADM-20
RIM-24
HGM-25A/LGM-25C
AIM-26
UGM-27
LGM-30
MQM-33
AQM-34
FIM-43
UUM-44
XLIM-49
LIM-49
PQM-56
LEM-70
BGM-71
BQM-74
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AGM-84E
AGM-84E/H/K
FIM-92/AIM-92
XQM-93
YQM-94
LIM-100
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PQM-102
AQM-103
MIM-104
MQM-105
BQM-106
BGM-109/AGM-109/RGM-109/UGM-109
BGM-110
AGM-112
FQM-117
LGM-118
AIM-120
CQM-121/CGM-121
RUM-125/UUM-125
UGM-133
MGM-134
ASM-135
CEM-138
RUM-139
ADM-141
FGM-148
AGM-158A/B/AGM-158C
GQM-163
RGM-165
Undesignated
ASALM
Common Missile
Ground-Based Interceptor
Have Dash
Kinetic Energy Interceptor
NCADE
NLOS
Pershing II
United States tri-service rocket designations post-1963
Drones designated in UAV sequence
Current UK individual weapons and cartridges
L106A1
carbines
Designated marksman rifles
L85A2 IW
L86A2 LSW
L22A2
Arctic Warfare Covert
L96A1, L118A1
L115A1, L115A3
L80A1 (MP5K), L90A1 (MP5K A1)
L91A1 (MP5 A2/A3), L92A1 (MP5 SD2/SD3)
L2A1 (M2HB), L111A1 (M2HB-QCB)
non-lethal launchers
L17A1/A2
LASM
M3 Carl Gustav
L2A1 (ILAW)
L142A1 (AT4CS HP)
Starstreak SAM (shoulder launched or 3-shot multiple launcher)
Modern cartridges used
12.7x99mm NATO
.338 Lapua
9x19mm Parabellum
Current U.S. infantry service weapons and cartridges
P229 DAK
MEU(SOC)
Assault and Battle
Carbine and PDW
HK416
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SAM-R
SDM-R
SEAL Recon Rifle
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MP5N
M2HB
XM25
BGM-71 TOW
FGM-172 SRAW
AFV Guns
12-gauge
9×19mm NATO
5.56×45mm NATO
40×46mm & 40×53mm
Retrieved from "https://military.wikia.org/wiki/FGM-148_Javelin?oldid=4412157"
Articles with Czech-language external links


text:
VN war-inspired art on show in Penang
Brave: A painting on dó (poonah) paper in the Resistance series by George Burchett.
HÀ NỘI — Artworks inspired by conflicting fragments of lives, people and turmoil during wartime in Việt Nam are on display at an exhibition of paintings and sculptures in Malaysia.
Entitled Fractured, the exhibition explores the fragility of beauty inspired by conflict in Việt Nam and Southeast Asia.
Monaco-based artist Blake Ward showcases sculptures in which he aims to draw attention to the suffering of landmine victims in Việt Nam.
He has exhibited across the world including Europe, Southeast Asia, Canada, the US and Hong Kong, and has galleries in the US, Canada and Italy.
"My language is the figure and I feel the need to comment on the human condition, sometimes distorted by demons, and other times enchanted by all that is pure within us," he said.
Painter George Burchett, who was born in Hà Nội, introduces The Resistence series depicting the narratives of heroic resistance. He was influenced strongly by his father, Australian journalist Wilfred Burchett, who worked as a war correspondent in Việt Nam.
Senseless: A painting by Phan Kế An, Hà Nội Christmas Bombing of 1972.
The exhibition also displays paintings by soldier-artist Phạm Văn Lực, young talent Phan Đình Khánh and veteran painter Phan Kế An.
The exhibition will run until September 3 at the end of the George Town Festival, Penang, Malaysia.
It's a part of the George Town Festival, an annual celebration of arts, culture, heritage, and community.
Inaugurated in 2010 in honour of George Town's designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the festival transforms the city into a global stage, showcasing world-class performances, installations and collaborations from international and local artists.
"The festival seeks to create new and vibrant connections between the traditional and the contemporary, the past and the future," said festival director Joe Sidek.
With more than 100 showcases, the month-long programmes vary from art, design, photography, film, workshops, music, dance to drama as well as site-specific installations. The festival draws thousands of visitors each year. — VNS


Please enter gallon uk (gal UK) value of volume unit to convert gallon uk to tablespoon.
How Many Tablespoon in a Gallon UK?
There are 307.44318091247 tablespoon in a gallon uk.
1 Gallon UK is equal to 307.44318091247 Tablespoon.
This is a very easy to use gallon uk to tablespoon converter. First of all just type the gallon uk (gal UK) value in the text field of the conversion form to start converting gal UK to tbsp, then select the decimals value and finally hit convert button if auto calculation didn't work. Tablespoon value will be converted automatically as you type.
The decimals value is the number of digits to be calculated or rounded of the result of gallon uk to tablespoon conversion.
You can also check the gallon uk to tablespoon conversion chart below, or go back to gallon uk to tablespoon converter to top.


Sorry, you missed Mandarin Level 1 (Express) ... at San Jose McEnery Convention Center.
You missed Mandarin Level 1 (Express) ... at San Jose McEnery Convention Center.
We're generating custom event recommendations for you based on Mandarin Level 1 (Express) ... right now!


text:
Q: React, Nothing was returned from render I have this Home component:
import Items from './Items';
class Home extends Component{
  render(){
    const { items } = this.props;

    return(

          <Items items={items}/>

    )
  }
}

And Items is this one:
import React from 'react';
const Items = (props) => {
    const { items } = props;
    items.map(item=>{
      return(

{item.value}

      )
    });
};

export default Items;

I'm getting this error:
×
Error: Items(...): Nothing was returned from render. This usually means a return statement is missing. Or, to render nothing, return null.
Why? How can I return something if I need to map those items array.

A: When you do return inside a map() (or any function that uses a callback), you need to add the extra return for the React component:
const Items = (props) => {

    const { items } = props;

    return items.map(item=>{
    ^^^^^^
      return(

{item.value}

      )
    });
};

You can simplify the inner callback inside the map() by using regular parenthesis:
return items.map(item=> (

{item.value}

));

This is called implicit return which works when there is no block scope { ... } inside of arrow functions. So:
// These are all equivalent: return value is: [2,4]

[1,2].map(n => n * 2);
[1,2].map(n => (n * 2));
[1,2].map(n => { return (n * 2) });

// This, howover, will return [ undefined, undefined ] because
// there is no return inside the block-scope of the arrow function:

[1,2].map(n => { n * 2 });

Same with any kind of arrow function (such as the way you defined the <Items> component:
// This will work:

const Items = () => (
  items.map(item => ...)
);

// This will return undefined, and React won't like it:

const Items = () => {
  items.map(item => ...)
}

Hope the explanation makes sense and add any comment if something is unclear!
Finally, if you ever wished to not return anything from a render() or functional component, returning null will suffice:
  if (!props.items) {
    return null; // <-- this works
  }

  ...
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Here is where to find great deals for Michot's Melody Makers tickets. As you browse Ticketexecutive, you are putting a hand on cheap tickets for Michot's Melody Makers events including those appearing in New Orleans. Purchase Michot's Melody Makers tickets here at very low prices.
Go & Get your Michot's Melody Makers Tickets Now!


text:
Open Invention Network / About OIN / Team
Keith Bergelt
Keith Bergelt is the chief executive officer of Open Invention Network (OIN), the collaborative enterprise that enables innovation in open source and an increasingly vibrant ecosystem around Linux. In this capacity he is directly responsible for enabling, influencing and defending the integrity of the Linux ecosystem. Central to the achievement of his goals is the acquisition and transfer of patent rights designed to permit members of the Linux ecosystem to operate free of the threat of assertion and litigation from those whose business models are antithetical to innovation and global economic growth in information technology and computing.
Prior to joining the Open Invention Network, Mr. Bergelt served as president and CEO of two Hedge Funds – Paradox Capital and IPI – formed to unlock the considerable asset value of patents, trademarks and copyrights in middle market companies. Paradox and IPI were the first Funds of their kind to offer specialty lending products supported exclusively by intellectual property. Driven by Mr. Bergelt's creativity and entrepreneurial approach, these funds enabled the emergence of patents, trademarks and copyrights as a viable source of collateral in asset-based loans, forever reshaping the emerging IP Finance landscape.
During Mr. Bergelt's stewardship of these IP-based lending activities, he raised more than $300 million dollars and financed portfolio companies of private equity firms including Texas Pacific Group, Kelso & Co., JH Whitney, Weston Presidio, Goode Partners, Palladium Capital and Castanea Partners, among others.
Previously, Mr. Bergelt served as a senior advisor to the technology investment division at Texas Pacific Group. He also headed business development, intellectual property and licensing for the Kelso & Company portfolio company Cambridge Display Technology in the United Kingdom. Additionally, he established and served as General Manager of the Strategic Intellectual Asset Management business unit at Motorola Corporation and served as Motorola's director of Technology Strategy.
Mr. Bergelt was a co-founder of the Intellectual Property Advisory Practice within the Electronics and Telecommunications Industry group at SRI Consulting in Menlo Park, California.
Prior to his extensive private sector experience, Mr. Bergelt served for twelve years as a diplomat with postings at the United Nations in NY and the American Embassy in Tokyo, Japan where he was involved in the negotiation of IP rights protection in Asia.
Mr. Bergelt holds an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Duke University, a Jurist Doctorate degree from Southern Methodist University School of Law and a Masters of Business Administration degree from Theseus Institute in France. He is a frequent speaker on corporate strategy, finance and intellectual property management.
Jaime Siegel
Global Director of Licensing
Jaime has more than 25 years of experience as an Intellectual Property attorney and business leader. Jaime spent over 15 years at Sony, ultimately as the Vice President and Senior IP Counsel, where he was responsible for defending Sony entities around the world and leading Sony's outward licensing activities in various technologies, including digital television and standards licensing programs. The licensing program Jaime was responsible for at Sony enabled the extensive commercialization of Sony technology, and was a direct contributor to shareholder value.
Jaime is an expert in patent pools, having sat on the Board of MPEG LA for many years, including as the Chairman of the Board for two years during an important transitional period. After Sony, Jaime briefly joined Acacia Research, a patent aggregation company which seeks to license technologies broadly across industry, including partnering with small to medium sized patent holders in support of their mutual interests.
In addition to his work in support of the expansion of the OIN community of licensees, Jaime is also the CEO of Cerebral Assets, LLC, a full service intellectual property advisory firm based in Newport Beach, California. Cerebral Assets works with its international clients on diverse projects related to intellectual property matters, including strategic guidance, deal facilitation, buy/sell brokerage services, and executive leadership and execution on licensing programs.
Jaime began his career in New York City at the prestigious patent law firms, Fish & Neave and Kenyon & Kenyon.
In addition to his OIN role and his activities at Cerebral Assets, Jaime is an Adjunct Professor at the University of California, Irvine, where he teaches Patent Licensing. He is also Managing Director of Golden Seeds, which is the world's largest Angel investing group focused solely on female-led enterprises. He is a National Trustee of the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, in Cleveland, Ohio. Jaime is a frequent speaker on intellectual property including both business and legal issues.
Jaime has a degree in Mechanical Engineering from Clarkson University and a J.D. from Brooklyn Law School. Prior to attending law school, Jaime was an engineer in the aerospace industry, spending time with Grumman Aerospace and General Dynamics.
Jaime lives in Newport Coast, California with his wife, Amy, a Board Certified Obstetrician/Gynecologist, and their two daughters.
Ed Meintzer
CFO & Director of Communications
Edward Meintzer is Chief Financial Officer and Director of Communications at Open Invention Network, the collaborative enterprise that enables innovation in open source and an increasingly vibrant ecosystem around Linux. Prior to joining Open Invention Network, Mr. Meintzer served as Executive Managing Director and head of business development for two award winning investment funds that were formed to offer asset based loans and credit enhancements collateralized primarily by intellectual property. These firms were the first of their kind to offer debt capital supported by patents, trademarks, and copyrights.
In addition to raising over $300 million in investment capital, Mr. Meintzer has been responsible for the origination, underwriting, and structuring of a number of transactions, including loans to Rachel Ashwell, Wise Foods, Cranium, and BCBG Max Azria. Mr. Meintzer has financed portfolio companies of private equity firms such as Texas Pacific Group, Kelso & Co., JH Whitney, Weston Presidio, Goode Partners, and Palladium Equity Partners.
Mr. Meintzer previously served as a loan syndications and corporate and investment banking professional with Wachovia Securities. He has expertise in structuring debt capital of all types, including senior debt, IP-based loans, and junior secured and mezzanine investments. Mr. Meintzer has been involved in bank and bond transactions that have totaled over $12 billion in capital raised. His transaction experience includes deals across a diverse set of industries, and his clients have ranged in size from middle market to large corporate entities.
Prior to joining Wachovia, Mr. Meintzer spent eight years with the United States Navy as a submarine officer. During that time, he served as the Main Propulsion Assistant on board the nuclear attack submarine U.S.S. Birmingham (SSN695), and later as an export licensing officer in the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Mr. Meintzer holds a Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering from Northwestern University and a Masters in Business Administration from the University of Maryland.
Mirko Boehm
Director, Linux System Definition
Mirko Boehm is the Director of the Linux System Definition for Open Invention Network. Mirko Boehm has been involved with KDE since 1997 and was a board member of KDE e.V. from 1999 to 2006. He joined KDAB in 2005 as a Qt software developer, becoming managing director there before he left in June 2011. He is a researcher at the Technical University of Berlin, on the subject of Free Software and intellectual property. He is also an executive for Endocode, a consultancy that gives advice to businesses on how to collaborate with Free Software communities, and make the transition to it.
Regional Director, Licensing
Kevin Huang is a Regional Director of Licensing for Open Invention Network. Prior to Open Invention Network, Kevin was the Canonical Taiwan representative and Business Director for Canonical, and he managed Canonical's APAC business in large scale from Ubuntu Openstack Cloud, Ubuntu ARM server and Ubuntu Desktop. Kevin has extensive knowledge of the Linux open source ecosystem and maintains a broad industry network of contacts.
Valer Mischenko
Valer Mischenko graduated as spacecraft engineer with a specialization in control systems, algorithms, and software. He later obtained a degree in business administration. Valer participated in several international space projects before he switched over to information and communication technology. Previously he was general director of NLnet Foundation, a charity which stimulates network research and development in the domain of Internet technology. Prior to NLnet he worked as COO within several ICT companies.


Our Annual Fall Scotch Tasting is scheduled for Thursday, November 24th at 7pm, that will steer the cold away and warm the cockles of your heart. Experience a wide variety of Single Malts from numerous producing regions including Islay, Campbeltown, Speyside and Highlands with a focus on the peatier side of whisky.
With five drams at $100 or more, this is an opportunity to sample some high quality bottlings and perhaps add a few to your Christmas wishlist. This is a very popular stand-up event sure to sell quickly so grab your spot early to avoid disappointment.


text:
Home Uncategorized	Kansas voters face bureaucratic hurdle with birth certificates
Kansas voters face bureaucratic hurdle with birth certificates
written by Sarah Pitts August 17, 2016
WICHITA, Kan. – Advocates for gender equality say the proof of citizenship requirement to vote in Kansas can create additional barriers for women and transgender voters.
The National Organization for Women released a statement June 23 claiming women are still fighting for voting rights because of how voter identification laws can negatively affect them. The statement cites a Brennan Center report that indicated one-third of eligible women voters only has access to proof of citizenship that does not match their current name.
In 2011, Kansas Secretary of State Kris Kobach implemented the Secure and Fair Elections Act, which requires registrants to show both a photo ID and proof of citizenship. Proof of citizenship documents include a passport or birth certificate, and plaintiffs have challenged this provision in court.
Since many women and transgender voters legally change their names as adults, their current photo ID may not match their birth certificate.
For example, workers asked Sedgwick County resident Barbara Moore to produce her marriage and divorce papers when she registered to vote at her local Department of Motor Vehicles in Sedgwick County, Kansas, then again at the county election office when her registration didn't go through. She said her name on her birth certificate did not match her current identification.
"I'm just lucky I'm halfway organized with all that stuff," Moore told News21. She said the easiest thing would be to just not change your name at all when you get married.
Kobach said the new requirements aren't a burden, and women do not need to produce a paper trail to vote.
"Kansas law is very clear: All you have to do is sign a piece of paper when you register or when you present the documents," Kobach said.
The act states that if "evidence of citizenship is deemed unsatisfactory" because an inconsistency of name or gender, the applicant can sign an affidavit.
However, affidavits are almost impossible to find online, said Thomas Witt, executive director for Equality Kansas, a coalition that fights to end discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity.
News21 found the document through the specific URL, but it is not on the Secretary of State's website. The affidavits also are exploitive of one's gender identification, he said, which shouldn't have to do with voting.
The proof of citizenship requirement concerns Witt because transgender voters cannot change the gender marker on their birth certificate through the Kansas Department of Health and Environment. This could cause problems with election workers if the photo ID and proof of citizenship requirements do not match.
"You shouldn't have to out yourself to vote," Witt told News21.
In 2012, Witt said he started hearing about problems, and he wanted an immediate amendment to the birth certificate provision of the state's voter ID law.
Equality Kansas, Witt's organization, is a plaintiff in Belenky v. Kobach, a case that accuses Kobach of creating a two-tier voting system. This means those who register with the federal form without the proof of citizenship requirement can't vote in state and local elections.
They will have to vote with a provisional ballot, and officials will only count their votes for federal elections. On July 29, State Judge Larry Hendricks issued a temporary injunction to require officials to count all votes cast in the Aug. 2 primary, regardless of proof of citizenship.
Hendricks will have a hearing Sept. 12 to decide what will happen in the November presidential election.
Come back Aug. 20 to see the full News21 report on "Voting Wars."
What's a 'ghost voter' and why do people keep searching for them?
Critics blast Kansas' online voter registration system, one candidate seeks investigation
California undocumented immigrant can't vote, but serves on city board
Pine Ridge reservation youth counselor: 'I can't wait until they're 18'


text:
2-Oxepanone, polymer with 1,4-butanediol
This study was carried out according to OECD guideline no. 201. This study was also carried out according to GLP standards with the exception of the analytical measurements of test concentrations.
OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
Analytical monitoring:
Details on sampling:
Samples for analysis were taken at test initiation (0 h) and test termination (72 h). Samples were only taken from the lowest and highest test concentrations (12.5 mg/L and 200 mg/L respectively).
Details on test solutions:
Test solutions were prepared on the day of test initiation by adding 400 mg of the test substance to 400 ml of aerated M7-media and stirring for 10 minutes. The solution was then membrane filtered (0.45 µm) and used as stock solution. The nominal concentration of the stock solution was 580 mg/L of test substance. Test concentrations were made by dilution of the stock solution with growth media.
Test organisms (species):
Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
Details on test organisms:
The test organism was a laboratory culture of the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The inoculum was taken from Toxicon's culture of P. subcapitata (NIVA CHL 1), which originates from NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
Water media type:
Total exposure duration:
Post exposure observation period:
21-24 ± 2°C
0 hours: 7.6-8.1
72 hours: 6.5-9
Dissolved oxygen:
Salinity:
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal concentrations: 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L
Measured concentrations were found to be within 20% of nominal concentrations.
Details on test conditions:
See methods below
Reference substance (positive control):
NOEC
Effect conc.:
25 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
Conc. based on:
Basis for effect:
165 mg/L
Details on results:
A 72-hour ErC50 of 165 mg/L was found for the response variable average specific growth rate when exposed to 2-oxepanone, polymer with 1,4-butanediol. The 72-hour NOEC was found to be 25 mg/L.
Results with reference substance (positive control):
Reported statistics and error estimates:
For control and treatment groups, a mean value for growth rate along with variance estimate was calculated. The specific growth rate for each test concentration is related to the growth rate of the controls:
%Ir = (µc-µr)/µc * 100
%Ir = percent inhibition in average specific growth rate
µc = mean value for average specific growth rate (µ) in the control group
µr = average specific growth rate (µ) for the treatment replicate
Table 1: nominal NOEC and ErC values in mg/l, determined after 72 hours exposure to the test substance 2-Oxepanone, polymer with 1,4-butanediol (Capa 2043).
72 h NOEC (mg/L) 72 h ErC10 (mg/L) 72 h ErC50 (mg/L)
Average specific growth rate, EC-values 25 76 165
Table 2: Calculated response variables for the treatment group and the control group (mean ± coefficient of variation) after 72 hours exposure to 2 -oxepanone, polymer with 1,4 -butanediol.
Concentration 72 h specific growth rate (µ) Mean ± CV (%)
Control 1.67 ± 2.4
12.5 mg/L 1.66 ± 1.2
25 mg/L 1.68 ± 1.8
50 mg/L 1.57 ±5.0
100 mg/L 1.46 ± 5.4
200 mg/L 0.59 ± 15
Table 3: Results of TOC determination of saturated 2-Oxepanone, polymer with 1,4-butanediol (Capa 2043) solutions and the measured concentrations in test solutions.
Nominal test concentration TOC (mg/L) Capa 2043 concentration (mg/L) Nominal value ± 20°C
12.5 mg/L (0 h) 7.7 12.6 10 -15
12.5 mg/L (72 h) 8.2 13.4 10 -15
200 mg/L (0 h) 120 197 160 -240
200 mg/L (72 h) 120 197 160 -240
A 72-hour ErC50 of 165 mg/L was found for the response variable average specific growth rate when exposed to 2-oxepanone, polymer with 1,4-butanediol. The 72-hour NOEC was found to be 25 mg/L. As the ErC50 was found to be greater than 100 mg/L, the test substance can be regarded as non-toxic to the green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata according to 67/548/EEC (KIFS 2005:7) and EC 1272/2008 (CLP).
A 72-hour toxicity test was carried out to determine growth inhibition effects of 2-Oxepanone, polymer with 1,4-butanediol on the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The study was carried aout according to OECD guideline no. 201. Test solutions were created by diluting a stock solution of the test substance in growth media. The duration of exposure was 72 hours and test solutions were kept on a shaking table at 21-24 ± 2°C throughout. Illumination was approximately 100 µE m-2 s-1.m. Six replicates were used for the control and three for the test solutions.
The pH was measured at test initiation and also at test termination. Samples for analytical determination of test concentration were also taken from the highest and lowest concentrations at this time. These samples were analysed separately at a non-GLP laboratory.
The 72-hour ErC50 of 165 mg/L was found for the response variable average specific growth rate when exposed to 2-oxepanone, polymer with 1,4-butanediol. The 72-hour NOEC was found to be 25 mg/L. As the ErC50 was found to be greater than 100 mg/L, the test substance can be regarded as non-toxic to the green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata according to 67/548/EEC (KIFS 2005:7) and EC 1272/2008 (CLP).
The 72-hour ErC50 was found to be 165 mg/L, while the NOEC was observed to be 25 mg/L.
EC50 for freshwater algae:
EC50 for marine water algae:
A 72-hour toxicity test was carried out to determine growth inhibition effects of 2-Oxepanone, polymer with 1,4-butanediol on the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The study was carried out according to OECD guideline no. 201. Test solutions were created by diluting a stock solution of the test substance in growth media. The duration of exposure was 72 hours and test solutions were kept on a shaking table at 21-24 ± 2°C throughout. Illumination was approximately 100µE m-2 s-1.m. Six replicates were used for the control and three for the test solutions.


I finally got back to my happy place and nothing was damaged. I am so so grateful that the hurricane didn't hit us as bad as we thought it was going to. This week has taken a turn for the better. This weekend I got reunited with a bunch of my friends. It was so great to see everyone again, and I have been feeling pretty good lately! I start up classes again tomorrow, and I am looking forward to getting back on a schedule. I know people love having off school and everything but it's so much better to be on a regular schedule. Also, I have been pretty vegan for 2 days. It has been EXTREMELY hard because for some reason I keep craving pizza and different things with cheese. I think it will get better as time goes on and I'm finding really cool foods to try which I will probably write an article on. I am going to start working out again this week as well! I have found that doing the bike in the gym has been very rewarding. Thank you to all of you who have checked in on me and offered help! I am super grateful for all of you!!
So glad you are safe!! Have you tried Daiya cheese?! So good !
No I haven't!! What's it like?
Glad your things at home were ok and you made it through the storm. So many struggled to even get anywhere with all the traffic jams.
Enjoy your new semester. They do make vegan cheeses. Sesame tahini tastes great if you can eat Sesame seeds. Nutritional yeast, which is flaky and yellow, has a great cheesy taste if you can eat yeast.
Thank you!! And thank you for the suggestions I will def write them down for the next time I go to the grocery store!
I AM so glad you are okay and nothing happened! Vegan can be pretty hard. Your body reacts to the changes by craving exactly what you are not eating. It takes 21 days to make a habit stick so you can do it!
Thank you!!! It is hard, I am not gonna lie I broke it a few times but I'll get there!


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Reactive.Streams;
using Reactive4.NET.subscribers;

namespace Reactive4.NET.operators
{
    sealed class FlowableDistinct<T> : AbstractFlowableOperator<T, T>
    {
        readonly IEqualityComparer<T> comparer;

        public FlowableDistinct(IFlowable<T> source, IEqualityComparer<T> comparer) : base(source)
        {
            this.comparer = comparer;
        }

        public override void Subscribe(IFlowableSubscriber<T> subscriber)
        {
            if (subscriber is IConditionalSubscriber<T> s)
            {
                source.Subscribe(new DistinctConditionalSubscriber(s, comparer));
            }
            else
            {
                source.Subscribe(new DistinctSubscriber(subscriber, comparer));
            }
        }

        sealed class DistinctSubscriber : AbstractFuseableConditionalSubscriber<T, T>
        {
            readonly IFlowableSubscriber<T> actual;

            readonly ISet<T> set;

            internal DistinctSubscriber(IFlowableSubscriber<T> actual, IEqualityComparer<T> comparer)
            {
                this.actual = actual;
                this.set = new HashSet<T>(comparer);
            }

            public override void OnComplete()
            {
                set.Clear();
                actual.OnComplete();
            }

            public override void OnError(Exception cause)
            {
                set.Clear();
                actual.OnError(cause);
            }

            public override bool Poll(out T item)
            {
                for (;;)
                {
                    if (qs.Poll(out T v))
                    {
                        if (set.Add(v))
                        {
                            item = v;
                            return true;
                        }
                        if (fusionMode == FusionSupport.ASYNC)
                        {
                            upstream.Request(1);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        item = default(T);
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }

            public override bool TryOnNext(T item)
            {
                if (fusionMode == FusionSupport.NONE)
                {
                    if (set.Add(item))
                    {
                        actual.OnNext(item);
                        return true;
                    }
                    return false;
                }
                actual.OnNext(default(T));
                return true;
            }

            protected override void OnStart(ISubscription subscription)
            {
                actual.OnSubscribe(this);
            }
        }

        sealed class DistinctConditionalSubscriber : AbstractFuseableConditionalSubscriber<T, T>
        {
            readonly IConditionalSubscriber<T> actual;

            readonly ISet<T> set;

            internal DistinctConditionalSubscriber(IConditionalSubscriber<T> actual, IEqualityComparer<T> comparer)
            {
                this.actual = actual;
                this.set = new HashSet<T>(comparer);
            }

            public override void OnComplete()
            {
                set.Clear();
                actual.OnComplete();
            }

            public override void OnError(Exception cause)
            {
                set.Clear();
                actual.OnComplete();
            }

            public override bool Poll(out T item)
            {
                for (;;)
                {
                    if (qs.Poll(out T v))
                    {
                        if (set.Add(v))
                        {
                            item = v;
                            return true;
                        }
                        if (fusionMode == FusionSupport.ASYNC)
                        {
                            upstream.Request(1);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        item = default(T);
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }

            public override bool TryOnNext(T item)
            {
                if (fusionMode == FusionSupport.NONE)
                {
                    if (set.Add(item))
                    {
                        return actual.TryOnNext(item);
                    }
                    return false;
                }
                actual.OnNext(default(T));
                return true;
            }

            protected override void OnStart(ISubscription subscription)
            {
                actual.OnSubscribe(this);
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Looking for a new home in Old Westbury? It is a great time to buy real estate in Old Westbury and our site is a great place to begin your search. Whether you are a first-time home buyer or you are already familiar with the home buying process, you can be assured that you have the best tools and the perfect agent available to help with your Old Westbury home search.