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Season 1: The Reformation
Season 2: The Movement
Season 3: The Beginning
Constantine — Compromise and Controversy
Scotland's Braveheart — Iona
Holy Island — Lindisfarne
The Tide Turns — Whitby Council
Mayflower and the birth of a Nation
William Miller - Background and conversion
William Miller - study and call to ministry
Creation, Noah's Ark & The Flood
Abraham: The Faithful Father
Lot: Sodom & Gomorrah
Joseph & Jacob: The Birth of a Nation
Creation to Moses
Joshua to David
Solomon to Josiah
Daniel to Esther
Jesus' Birth to Feeding 5,000
Lazarus to Jesus' Ascension
AD 31 – 60
AD 60 – 100
AD 100 – 500
AD 500 – 1200
AD 1200 – 1500
AD 1900 – Onwards
Celtic Church
Edson White
Frederick Wheeler
Hiram Edson
JH Kellogg
JN Andrews
JN Loughborough
John Huss
John Wycliffe
Joseph Bates
SN Haskell
Waldenses
Women of Adventism
Women of the Reformation
All Saints' Church, Wittenberg, 360
Arc de Triomphe, 360
Bangor-On-Dee, 360
Beziers, 360
Chanforan, Waldesnse Valley, 360
City & Parish Church, Wittenberg, Martin Luther Preached, 360
College of the Barbs, Waldenses, 360
Columba Bay, Iona 360
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Martin Luther T-Shirt Promo
John Wesley T-Shirt Promo
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Season I – Trailer
Season II – Trailer
Season III – Trailer
The 7 Churches of Revelation – Trailer
CONSTANTINE : COMPROMISE & CONTROVERSY
IONA: SCOTLAND'S BRAVEHEART
LINDISFARNE: THE HOLY ISLAND
WHITBY: THE TIDE TURNS
DINOOTH AND COLUMBANUS
WALDENSIANS: PEOPLE OF THE VALLEYS
MISSION MOVEMENT: THE WALDENSIAN TRAINING SCHOOLS
WALDENSIANS' MOTTO: LUX LUCET IN TENEBRIS
THE REFORMATION WALL
THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
THE BRITISH ISLES AND THE CELTIC CHURCH (400-600 AD)
FRANCE DURING THE REFORMATION
EUROPE IN THE LATE MIDDLE AGES (1300-1500)
EUROPE IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES
THE ROMAN EMPIRE FROM 313-538 AD
ENGLAND: FROM THE AGE OF ELIZABETH TO THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
THE WALDENSES
A GLOBAL MISSIONARY MOVEMENT
THE SWISS REFORMATION
THE REFORM OF SCOTLAND
THE REFORMATION IN SWEDEN AND DENMARK
THE GERMAN REFORMATION
THE FRENCH REFORMATION (1510-1598)
THE ENGLISH REFORMATION
AIDEN: MISSIONARY TO ENGLAND
SCOTLAND'S FIRST MISSIONARY: COLUMBA
COLUMBANUS: CELTIC MISSIONARY TO EUROPE
DINOOTH AND THE CELTIC CHURCH IN WALES
JOHN CALVIN: VANGUARD OF THE FRENCH REFORMATION
JOHN KNOX: THE MAN WHO SHAPED SCOTLAND
MARTIN LUTHER: POINT-MAN OF THE REFORMATION
WHO WERE THE PURITANS?
Pioneer stories
Historical Milestones
THE MAYFLOWER AND THE BIRTH OF AMERICA
WILLIAM MILLER: EARLY LIFE AND CONVERSION
WILLIAM MILLER: STUDY AND CALL TO MINISTRY
THE GREAT DISAPPOINTMENT
THE POTATO PATCH PREACHERS
ELLEN WHITE: EARLY YEARS
ELLEN WHITE: FIRST VISION AND CALL TO MINISTRY
ANNIE SMITH – THE JOYFUL PILGRIM
WILLIAM MILLER: HERE I MEAN TO STAND
S.N. Haskell: Missionary Trailblazer
M.B. Czechowski: First Contact With Europe
URIAH SMITH: YOURS IN THE BLESSED HOPE
John Andrews: The Ablest Man In Our Ranks
JAMES AND ELLEN WHITE: UNITED IN SERVICE
J.N. LOUGHBOROUGH: WHAT DOEST THOU HERE ELIJAH?
ANNIE SMITH BEGINS AGAIN
ELLEN WHITE'S FIRST ENCOUNTER WITH JOSEPH TURNER
FRANCES HOWLAND RISES
PEACE AMIDST THE STORM: ELLEN HARMON AND HEMAN GURNEY IN A SAILBOAT
STORIES OF ELLEN WHITE'S EARLY YEARS
STRUCK BY FIRE
THE AWKWARD INTRODUCTION OF WILLIAM MILLER AND TIMOTHY COLE
"I'M A PILGRIM AND I'M A STRANGER" | HEMAN GURNEY AND JOSEPH BATES STORM THE SOUTH
A SNAPSHOT OF THE MILLERITE MOVEMENT (1839-1844)
THE ADVENT MOVEMENT BEYOND THE GREAT DISAPPOINTMENT
EDUCATION FOR ETERNITY: THE BIRTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ADVENTIST EDUCATION
EUROPE AND AMERICA AT THE TIPPING POINT OF THE MILLERITE MOVEMENT
GETTING ORGANISED: DEVELOPMENT OF ADVENTIST ORGANISATION
STREAMS OF LIGHT: THE BIRTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ADVENTIST PUBLISHING
HEALTH REFORMERS: THE BIRTH OF ADVENTIST HEALTH REFORM
THE GREAT ADVENT AWAKENING
Creation, Noah's Ark and the Flood
Lot: Sodom and Gomorrah
Joseph and Jacob: The Birth of a Nation
Moses: Let My People Go
Moses: The Passover and The Exodus
Joshua and Caleb: The 12 Spies and 40 Years in the Wilderness
Aaron: Mount Hor and the Anointing of Eleazar
Egypt: Kingdom of the Nile
The Mesopotamians
Shamshi Adad and the Assyrians
Sargon and the Akkadians
Hammurabi and the Babylonians
A True And Faithful Witness: The Story of Julia Steed
Bleak City: The Story Of John Corliss
Trailblazer: The Story of Anna Knight
Stepping Out: The Story Of J.N. Loughborough
Ellen's Secret Stash
Social Justice And The Three Angels Message
Miles To Go Before I Sleep: James White On Tour
Everyone Needs A Visit To The Phrenologist: A Vignette
Total products -
THE NEED FOR ORGANISATION
As Sabbatarian Adventists began to gather momentum and come together with a common vision and shared doctrinal beliefs formal organization was the last thing on their minds. This was largely due to their Millerite heritage. Millerites had been uncomfortable with the idea of forming a denomination, believing that their movement existed to herald the second advent of Christ and not to put down roots and solidify its position as an organization. Early on George Storr's had ominously warned against the dangers of organization with the words "no church can be organized by man's invention but that it will become Babylon the moment it is organized." Many of the early Sabbatarian Adventist leaders firmly believed in this but as the movement grew and expanded it also became unwieldy to manage without the help of some kind of established structure.
Following the great disappointment, none of the Adventists were in a position to organize anything. They were heartbroken by the disappointment and soon their grief began to teeter between discouragement and confusion. Added to this mix was the flood of new doctrines that began to waft on every wind around them. Everyone was trying to make sense of what had happened at the same time and it seemed that a dozen voices began to preach and teach a dozen different things. Adventists needed time to settle after the disappointment. To work through the heartbreak and discouragement. To pick through the different ideas floating around and to decide which ones were biblical and safe to embrace. To decide how to live at the intersection of believing in Christ's soon return and not knowing when that event would take place.
In 1854 based on visions she had received Ellen White started encouraging the fledgling movement to consider organization based upon the idea of gospel order. James White was in agreement and had already published his views on organization in a series of articles published in the Review just prior to Ellen White's counsel. His opinion has been influenced by his travels among the scattered flock of Sabbatarian Adventists. As he spent time with them and understood their needs he realized that there was an overarching need to organize the small pockets of believers into a single cohesive unit.
By the mid-1850s Sabbatarian Adventists were united in their doctrinal views but they had started to slip into spiritual lethargy. Many of them found it increasingly difficult to sustain their early Millerite experience with the same level of fervor and commitment. Life seemed to creep up on them and threaten to swallow them whole. Many of them had decided to join the wagon trains heading westward in search of more fertile land and a shot at improved living conditions. During this time a few Adventist families, in particular, decided to band together and form an Adventist colony of sorts in the little township of Waukon, Iowa. Among this group was the E.P Butler family from Vermont, the Edward Andrews family and the Cyprian Stevens family from Maine. It wasn't long before John Loughborough and his wife Mary joined the burgeoning group of Adventist is Waukon.
This was a perilous period for Sabbatarian Adventists. Being so scattered with limited means of communication made it hard for interaction among the scattered flock. It also meant that many of them did not have access to Ellen White and the words of warning and counsel that God provided for them through her. This was one of the main factors for much of the spiritual decline in their ranks. In addition to distance, James White had also deliberately decided against publishing Ellen White's visions in the Review and Herald, because of the criticisms of those who were prejudiced against her visions. He was determined to demonstrate that Sabbatarian Adventist doctrines were based solely upon the Word of God and were not influenced by Ellen White's visions in any way. Interestingly during this period, Ellen White's visions became less frequent and Sabbatarian Adventists started to become less certain of their role and importance. Ellen White herself believed that her special work as a messenger of the Lord was almost coming to an end.
ORGANISATION AND THE MINISTRY
In addition to this, it was extremely hard for preachers to juggle a hectic preaching schedule and make a living for their families. Men like Andrews, Cottrell and J.H. Waggoner travelled extensively ministering to the scattered groups of believers but it was sometimes months before a congregation heard a sermon from a Sabbatarian Adventist minister. The vast swath of land from Maine to Minnesota was just too large for the scant few Adventist preachers to cover consistently and regularly. When they added the fact that they had to work a day job into the mix the work became too strenuous to bear. After a few months of working at this kind of pace, John Andrews' health buckled and he was forced to retire to Waukon and take up a job with his Uncle.
John Loughborough decided to move to Waukon for similar reasons. He had spent the summer of 1856 running tent meetings in New York. Since there was not much money available to pay him a salary he was forced to spend four and a half days a week in the field during haying and harvest engaged in backbreaking manual labour in addition to spending almost as many nights a week preaching. For all this work he managed to earn $1 a day. When the tent meetings ended, the brethren in New York collected enough money to pay him what averaged to about $4 week if he added in the money he earned working in the fields. Discouraged and exhausted he set his sights on Iowa, deciding that he would preach in the area as time and finances permitted.
James and Ellen White saw this as a troubling pattern. Many young gifted ministers like Andrews and Loughborough were retiring to work day jobs when they needed to be out working for the cause of God but the Whites did not have any answers. Then during a visit to Northern Illinois Ellen White was given a vision showing her the spiritual declension and apathy of those who had moved to Waukon. She and her husband immediately felt a burden to visit the brethren in Waukon and they decided to make the 200 mile trip in the dead of winter in an open sleigh. It was a long, arduous and dangerous journey but they finally reached Waukon in one piece.
When they got there Ellen White met John Loughborough and challenged him with the confronting words "What doest thou here Elijah?" A question she posed to the stuttering Loughborough three consecutive times. Needless to say, the Waukon Adventists were less than enthusiastic about the visit but they grudgingly agreed to call for a meeting the night after the Whites arrived. During the meeting, Ellen White was given a vision in which she was given the message "Return unto me saith the Lord and I will return to thee and heal all thy backslidings" The message touched a chord in the hearts of those present and Mary Loughborough was the first to respond to Ellen White's appeal. Others followed in quick succession and over the next week there was a deep spiritual revival in Waukon.
When the Whites and their companions returned East, John Loughborough went with them and preached over the rest of the winter in Northern Illinois while Mary stayed alone in Waukon. As soon as John Andrews was strong enough to get back in the saddle he too began to travel and preach once more. But their renewed commitment to full time ministry didn't magically solve their financial troubles. For the first three months after returning to full time ministry during the winter, John Loughborough's salary was made up of room and board, a buffalo skin overcoat and $10 in cash. To save money Loughborough walked the last 26 miles back home to Waukon after his preaching tour had ended. The following year is salary was more colourful. For a Winter's work in Michigan, he was paid in maple sugar, wheat, apples, potatoes, beans, ham and half a pig. He also made $4 in cash.
But John Loughborough was one of the lucky ones. He had access to James White's team of horses while he travelled. Others, like J.H. Waggoner, were not so fortunate and he had to walk from place to place as he preached. The lack of funds and the incessant travel in less than optimal conditions made the preachers look shabby, travel worn and a little sickly. Not the best look when you're looking to convert people to the three angels' messages.
ORGANISATION AND SISTER BETSY
Finally, in 1858 the Battle Creek church formed a study group under the leadership of John Andrews to search the Scriptures for God's plans regarding the financial support of ministers. In Early 1859 this group submitted a proposed plan of systematic giving for the purpose of supporting workers. The plan was approved by the Battle Creek church and was soon promoted in the pages of the Review. Later that year at a General Conference of Sabbatarian Adventists the plan was recommended to all the delegates.
The plan was based on Paul's instructions in 1 Corinthians 16:2 and suggested that every believer set aside a specified amount each Sunday. Men were encouraged to pledge between five and twenty cents a week and women between two and ten cents. In addition to this, it was suggested that an amount of up to five cents a week be put aside for every $100 worth of property owned. The scheme was christened Systematic Benevolence or Sister Betsy for short. The problem then arose with regards to where the money should be sent.
Most people liked Sister Betsy but posed the question of who would take responsibility for the collection and distribution of the funds. Each company of believers was encouraged to appoint a treasurer to manage the funds and to keep a minimum of $5 cash in hand to help out a preacher who was visiting. The rest could be sent to the State's evangelistic tent meetings to cover expenses there. It was a shaky start but at least it was something.
Two years later in 1861, John Loughborough suggested the introduction of tithing based on the Bible and James White strongly endorsed the idea but it turned out to be too premature and the idea didn't gain traction among members.
So far the need for spiritual growth and financial stability had pointed towards a need for organization but it was soon seen that organization could help with evangelism as well. Though tent meetings worked well in each state there was a need for coordination and structure. Then there was the fact that evangelism meant a growth in membership and not just growth but diversity in membership as well. All this kept pointing to the need for organization.
EVANGELISM, GROWTH AND ORGANISATION
In 1856 the Bourdeau brothers, French-speaking Canadians began to work among the French-speaking population of Quebec. In Wisconsin, the Olsens, a Norwegian family who had heard about the Sabbath even before migrating to America were converted and began to share the gospel. In 1863 John G. Matteson who was a Danish Baptist preacher accepted the three angels' message and began to work among Scandinavians in Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, and Minnesota. Then there was Michael Czechowski who, after being converted in Ohio in 1857 went to Europe to preach the three angels' message independently
During the period of 1857-58, the work began to grow rapidly in the east and many of the itinerant Adventist Evangelists like Bates, Loughborough, Merritt Cornell, and J.H. Waggoner began to work extensively in Michigan and Ohio. Moses Hull, who was converted to Sabbatarian Adventism around this time began to help Cornell preach in Iowa. Angeline Lyon Cornell, who accompanied her husband Merritt was a Bible worker and would help with the follow-up efforts after the evangelistic meetings had come to an end. Not only did Angeline travel with her husband but she bravely endured the strain of constant travel and financial hardship without complaint.
As James White surveyed the growth, diversity and the financial and spiritual needs of the church he realized that the movement had come to a crossroads. They needed to become organized in order to continue effectively. The idea of a formal organization was met with resistance but the reality was that despite this resistance the Sabbatarian Adventism was organically developing its own nerve-center. Battle Creek, Michigan was turning out to be the unofficial headquarters of the unofficial Sabbatarian Adventist denomination which had no official name.
This was due to a few factors. Adventism was introduced to Battle Creek by Joseph Bates when he came searching for the most honest man living there. By the Spring of 1853, there were 8 Adventists meeting in Dave Hewitt's parlor. Frisbie worked extensively in the area in collaboration with men like Loughborough and Cornell and soon the group of Adventists felt they needed to have a church building of their own. They raised the funds to erect a building which could seat 40 people. Before long there was an influx of Adventists streaming into the little town. The Kelloggs, the Cornells and the Lyons came in from Eastern Michigan. Then in the fall of 1855, the publishing office moved to Battle Creek and brought with it the Whites, Steven and Sarah Belden, Uriah Smith and George Amadon. By 1857 Battle Creek had built its second Adventist church and was coming to look upon itself as the center of Sabbatarian Adventism. All it needed was for the title to be made official.
DISCIPLINE AND CHURCH ORGANISATION
During this time there were also several splinter groups that broke away from the main body of Sabbatarian Adventism due to doctrinal differences. One of the most prominent cases was that of the Messenger Party. H.S. Case and C.P. Russell split from Sabbatarian Adventism in 1853 due to a minor episode that took place in Jackson, Michigan. The incident involved an Adventist sister who had lost her temper while dealing with a difficult neighbor. Case and Russell were not happy with the way she had behaved and were quick to tell her as much. They also alleged that she had used a swear word while dealing with the neighbor and demanded that she apologize publicly and confess her error. The woman denied any wrongdoing and the brouhaha led the church to take sides.
Around this time the Whites visited Jackson and Ellen White was given a vision regarding the entire episode. She was shown that the sister in question had been wrong to lose her temper. Case and Russell were present when she had her vision and declared it to be genuine. Added to this was the fact that her vision seemed to vindicate their position regarding the sister as well. Soon after this Ellen White was given a second vision in which she was shown that the woman had not used the swear word that Case and Russell had accused her of using but one that sounded like it. She was also shown that Case and Russell had exhibited a harsh and unchristian manner in the way they dealt with the sister and they were reproved.
When she heard both visions the sister in question humbled herself and publicly acknowledged that the facts were as Ellen White had stated them. Case and Russell, however, were stung by Ellen White's rebuke and they immediately began to challenge the validity of her visions and also James White's financial management of the printing office. To promote their accusations and views they began to publish their own paper titled "The Messenger of Truth." However, after a brief run, the paper shut down after the messenger party began to fight amongst themselves.
This and other groups like it highlighted the need to an organization with authority which could deal with doctrinal differences and defections.
THE ISSUE COMES TO A HEAD
Despite all of these factors, what finally brought the debate regarding formal organization to a head was the question of legal ownership of property. The question was raised "Who would own church buildings and the publishing office?" Even though each local congregation had a measure of organisation in place they could not operate as legal corporations. This meant that they could not hold the title to the meeting houses which had been built through their contributions. Rather the building was the legal property of the church member who had provided the land. In the event that the owner died the church could potentially be thrown into confusion depending on what provisions had been made in the will of the deceased with regards to the church building.
For example in Cincinnati, Ohio, the owner of the parcel of land that held the little Adventist meeting house left Sabbatarian Adventism. The congregation was evicted from the building that they had contributed to erecting and the owner turned the church into a vinegar factory. In the face of such difficulties, some of the local congregations began to take steps towards legally incorporating themselves but each gave themselves a different name which proved to be confusing and not very conducive to unity or the forward momentum of the work.
With all of these issues swirling the debate surrounding organization intensified during the first half of 1860. James White pointed out that as the General Agent of the Review and Herald office he was considered his legal owner, this was despite the fact that scores of believers across the eastern seaboard and the Midwest had donated money towards setting up and upgrading the plant and its equipment. The leadership of the church was divided over how to proceed. R.F. Cottrell wrote, "those investing in the work lend it to the Lord and they must trust the Lord for it, if he sees fit to let them lose it here, if they are faithful he will repay them in the hereafter". James White disagreed writing "we regard it dangerous to leave with the Lord what he has left with us, and thus sit down upon the stool of do little or nothing…if God calls upon us to act the part of faithful stewards of his goods we had better attend to these matters in a legal manner, the only way we can handle real estate in this world"
In September 1860, James White convened a conference to discuss the legal future of the publishing office. Delegates from five states attended and it was one of the most important Sabbatarian Adventist conferences that had been held up to that point. Joseph Bates acted as chairman and Uriah Smith as secretary. The conference plunged into a full-scale discussion regarding organization. The one thing that everyone could agree on was that whatever was done had to be based upon Scripture but there was a diversity of opinion with regards to the application of biblical principle.
Some staunchly argued that they could not agree to anything that was not specifically outlined in scripture to which James White wryly commented: "I have not yet been able to find in the good book any suggestion in regard to a power press, running tents or how Sabbath keepers should hold their office of publication". After a long processing of arguing back and forth, everyone finally agreed that organization as a legal association for the purpose of holding property and transacting business was in harmony with scripture. However, the jury was still out when it came to the organization as a church.
As chairman Bates appointed a committee of three to bring in recommendations regarding a name for the publishing office and the church. The committee was made up on J.N. Andrews, J.H Waggoner (both of whom were in favor of organization) and T.J. Butler (who was one of the most outspoken opponents of organization). It was an interesting move because it placed the responsibility of suggesting an alternate course of action on Butler who was hesitant to move forward with organization. Though the committee didn't come up with a name for the church they did recommend that the conference elect seven men to apply to the state legislature for an act enabling them to organize the publishing house as the Advent Review Publishing Association.
The expectation was that organization would allow for broader participation in the ownership and control of the publishing office and once this was clarified the proposal to appoint the seven-member committee was unanimously passed. The committee was made up of James White, J.H. Waggoner, J.N Loughborough, G.W. Amadon, Uriah Smith, George Lay, and Dan Palmer. The Seventh-Day Adventist Publishing Association was formally incorporated and until his death in 1881 James White served as president and general manager of the Association.
By the first of October 1860, the delegates at the conference were ready to decide on a name for the denomination. Some argued that taking a name would make them just another denomination but James White disagreed, arguing that they were already classed as a denomination adding "I do not know how we can prevent it unless we disband and scatter and give up the thing altogether." The general feeling among the delegates was that the name they adopted should quickly and efficiently identify the major doctrines that Sabbatarian Adventists held. The name Seventh-Day Adventist was tossed around for a while before Dave Hewitt formally moved that the conference adopt the name. T.J. Butler was the only one who opposed it to the bitter end while a few others abstained from voting altogether.
During the conference, Ellen White had deliberately kept a low profile but once the name was chosen and voted on she gave it her heartiest endorsement. Commenting on it she wrote "the name Seventh-Day Adventist carries the true features of our faith in front and will convict the inquiring mind…like an arrow from the Lord's quiver it will wound the transgressors of God's law and will lead towards repentance towards God and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ"
ORGANISING THE GENERAL CONFERENCE
In 1861 the nine ministers of the church recommended that the local churches act as the foundational building blocks for the church structure. They suggested grouping local churches into state and district conferences and finally that a general conference should be organized to oversee and represent all the churches. In October 1861 the Michigan Conference of Seventh-Day Adventists was formed. Conference officials were limited to a president, a clerk, and a three-man executive committee. Joseph Bates and Uriah Smith were appointed as president and clerk and Loughborough, Cornell and Hull were appointed as the first executive committee. Within a year six other conferences were organized.
In 1862 the Michigan Conference invited delegates from other conferences to meet with them during their annual conference in 1863 so that a General Conference could be organized. The first General Conference of Seventh-Day Adventists ran from the 20-23 of May 1863. Items on the agenda included adopting a constitution and electing officers for the General Conference. The constitution provided for a three-man executive committee to have oversight of all the ministers. The delegates invited James White to be the first president of the General Conference of Seventh-Day Adventists but he declined. He feared that since he had so vocally championed organization there was room for some to accuse him of being power hungry. Subsequently, John Byington was appointed as president and Uriah Smith became the first secretary of the General Conference. E.L Walker from Iowa was appointed as treasurer and James White and J.N. Loughborough were named to serve alongside Byington on the executive committee. Soon after that, the committee was expanded to include J.N. Andrews and George Amadon.
And so it was after a long and difficult struggle the new movement finally had a name and finally had the structure it needed to move forward in concert. The best days of the Seventh-Day Adventist church lay just over the horizon.
The Education Department of the General Conference (1956) – The Story of Our Church
Maxwell, C.M. (1976) – Tell It To The World – The Story of Seventh-Day Adventists
Schawrz, R.W. and Greenleaf, F. (1979) – Light Bearers: A History of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church (Revised Edition)
Knight, G.R. (2006) – Organizing For Mission And Growth: The Development Of Adventist Church Structure
Knight, G.R. (2013) – A Brief History Of Seventh-Day Adventists
Pathways Of The Pioneers (1998) – Volume 12 – The Babies Need A Name
Pathways Of The Pioneers (1998) – Volume 12 – Pains Of Organizational Growth
A multi-faceted educational tool designed to help you understand your spiritual heritage and explore the links between the past, present and future.
© 2020 - Present Lineage Journey


Lea wolf has been studying and practicing western astrology, tarot and metaphysics for thirteen years. She specializes in natal chart readings, predictive astrology, synodic cycles and synastry readings. She also offers tarot readings, psychometry, palmistry and photo readings. Lea learned palmistry from her father and grandmother. Lea completed two undergraduate degrees in psychology and medicinal herbalism. She also holds a master's degree in Counseling Psychology and has studied Jungian Psychology and Dream Analysis as well. Having an education in counseling and psychology influences her style as a reader to be that of not just a reader but a counselor as well. Having this education helps her have a better understanding of the psyche and how it relates to a person's life, their psychology, their archetypes and how it relates to their astrological chart. Her educational training has provided Lea with experience and understanding of other people, how to really listen and hold space for them, and help them through life changes and challenges. This gives her a special holistic approach to how she completes her readings.
Astrology is a tool to help a person understand oneself better a natal chart is a blue print of a person's life, it can be used a tool to understand oneself and other people and how one relates to themselves, other's and the world. A natal chart is created based on the birthdate, time of birth and place of birth. It is preferred an exact birth time, if one does not have an exact birth time, Lea uses a technique called chart rectification to narrow down the potential window period. Having a birth time is important as it defines what a person's rising sign is and the ruler ships of the various twelve houses in the chart.


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Great Yarmouth Mercury > News > Crime
Woman verbally abused driver and kicked car
Church Road in Gorleston close to the junction with East Anglian Way where police say a female driver was verbally abused by another woman. - Credit: Google Maps
A driver was verbally abused by another woman while driving in Gorleston with her young son in the car.
The incident happened between 7.30pm and 7.40pm on Wednesday, December 16, in Church Road, near to the junction with East Anglian Way, while she had her young son in the car.
The female suspect was with a man who, as the victim passed the couple a second time, ran out in to the road forcing the victim to stop, and kicked her vehicle, a statement from Norfolk Police said.
Nobody was injured in the incident.
The victim and suspects are believed to know each other.
Any witnesses or anyone with dash cam footage is asked to contact PC Tyler Smith at Norfolk Police on 101 quoting investigation number 36/88735/20.
Witnesses can also call Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111.
10 Town centre post office closed as staff self-isolate
'Too many holiday homes' - Residents object to conversion bid
Have you seen this man who is wanted by police?
'An absolute privilege' - Barber reflects on 60 years beyond the fringe

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


DC in August with teens - hotel suggestions?
ocean city md - where to stay and what part of the boardwalk for 32 year old guys.
How likes the Flamingo Hotel?
Road Trip from Sante Fe to Taos.
How good is Taos for skiing?
Holiday Rates for Strip Hotels!!
One night in Manhattan- where to eat?


1.Arriving at Bangkok International Airport (Don Muang/Suvannaphum), meet your guide and transfer to your hotel.
3.Enjoy your night at ASIATIQUE The Riverfront.
2.Enjoy you day at Safari World & Marine Park.
3.Buffet lunch at Safari world.
4.Free style shopping at MBK, Bangkok Art and Culture Centre, Siam Paragon, Siam Square with variety activities by your own.
5.Dinner at restaurant (Halal Thai food).
3.Visit Gems factory, Leather shop, Honey bee (compulsory shop).
4.Check out from hotel and transfer to the airport.


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He began his career in The Netherlands as a Management Consultant with KPMG, later moving to work for Shell and Univar, where he held Financial Controller, Strategy, Marketing and Project Leader roles.
Phil began his career in ceramics at Wedgwood, where he gained 17 years ceramic manufacturing and technical experience. In 1989, he joined kiln furniture company Acme Marls in an export sales role and when Acme Marls became part of Dyson Group in 2000, Phil was appointed Commercial Business Manager of the new set-up.
In addition to his broad technical knowledge of high temperature ceramics, Phil has travelled all over the world and has strong ties with the major international and UK ceramic product manufacturers.
Ian joined kiln furniture company Hewitt Refractories in 1977, with technical, lab and QC roles and subsequently moved up to senior production management level. When Hewitt Refractories became part of Dyson Group, Ian was appointed as Manufacturing Manager for what, at that time, was a business spread over three sites in the UK.
Ever since the business was consolidated onto one site, Ian has been responsible for managing operations at a senior level. Ian is also now Operations Director at IPS-Trend in Beijing.


UBC is committed to building mentally healthy workplaces where all employees can thrive. Since 2015, we have been an active participant of the Canadian Mental Health Association's Not Myself Today® (NMT) initiative.
NMT is an evidence-informed, practical solution to help employers like UBC transform mental health at work. This workplace mental health initiative helps to build greater awareness, reduce stigma, and foster safe and supportive cultures. NMT provides physical and digital toolkits and resources that workplaces can use to break down barriers and make mental health literacy accessible to all employees.
Each year, NMT kicks off during UBC's Thrive Week, but NMT can be integrated into your department, unit or faculty's mental health initiatives any time of the year. There are also many other resources available to support your own mental health and wellbeing.
This year, Thrive Week takes place Oct. 29 to Nov. 2. The Not Myself Today initiative is an excellent way for UBC faculty and staff to get involved with Thrive Week. You can use NMT to inspire positive mental health in your workplace, or integrate NMT with your existing plans during Thrive Week. Review this Not Myself Today guide for some suggested activities and ideas.
Whether you are new to Not Myself Today, or a previous NMT partner ready to expand your level of engagement, please refer to the menu below and submit your NMT toolkit request by Sep. 26, 2018. Toolkits will be distributed the week of Oct. 15, 2018.
Note: We have a limited number of physical NMT toolkits and they will be distributed on a first-come, first-serve basis. All registered NMT partners can also access a digital toolkit provided through www.notmyselftoday.ca. For more information and login details, please email melissa.lafrance@ubc.ca.
Interested in participating after Thrive?
If you have any questions about Not Myself Today, or would like to access online resources for ongoing mental health promotion within your unit, please contact Miranda Massie at miranda.massie@ubc.ca.


text:
Kalabovité (Calophyllaceae) je čeleď vyšších dvouděložných rostlin z řádu malpígiotvaré (Malpighiales). Jsou to dřeviny s jednoduchými, vstřícnými nebo střídavými listy se zpeřenou žilnatinou. Květy jsou čtyř nebo pětičetné, s mnoha tyčinkami. Čeleď zahrnuje asi 460 druhů ve 14 rodech a je rozšířena v tropech celého světa. Některé druhy poskytují jedlé plody nebo jsou těženy pro dřevo.

Kalabovité jsou nová čeleď, který byla v roce 2009 na základě výsledků molekulárních výzkumů vyčleněna z čeledi klusiovité.

Popis
Keře a stromy se vstřícnými nebo střídavými jednoduchými listy bez palistů. Listy jsou celokrajné, se zpeřenou žilnatinou, často s prosvítavými tečkami nebo kanálky. Kmeny při poranění obvykle roní latex. Květy jsou většinou pravidelné, čtyř nebo pětičetné. Tyčinek je mnoho, nejsou uspořádány ve svazečcích. Semeník je svrchní, srostlý nejčastěji ze 2 až 5 plodolistů (1 plodolist u rodu Calophyllum). Plodem je jedno až mnohosemenná bobule nebo peckovice.

Rozšíření
Čeleď zahrnuje asi 460 druhů ve 14 rodech a je rozšířena v tropech celého světa. Největším rodem je pantropický rod kalaba (Calophyllum), zahrnující
asi 190 druhů.

Taxonomie
Čeleď Calophyllaceae se poprvé objevuje v systému APG III z roku 2009. V předchozích systémech byly rody této čeledi součástí čeledi klusiovité (Clusiaceae), některé rody se střídavými listy byly nezřídka řazeny do čeledi čajovníkovité (Theaceae).

Taxonomické poměry kolem čeledi klusiovité (Clusiaceae) a příbuzných čeledí prošly s nástupem molekulárních metod celou sérií změn.
V roce 2009 bylo zjištěno, že čeleď klusiovité (Clusiaceae), od níž byla již v systému APG I oddělena čeleď třezalkovité (Hypericaceae), je stále parafyletická. Část rodů byla proto přesunuta do nově ustanovené čeledi Calophyllaceae.

Podle kladogramů APG je sesterskou větví Calophyllaceae dvojice čeledí třezalkovité (Hypericaceae) a nohonitcovité (Podostemaceae).

Zástupci
 kalaba (Calophyllum)
 mamej (Mammea)
 mesua (Mesua)
 nahoulek (Kielmeyera)

Význam
Lehké a pevné dřevo jihoamerického stromu Calophyllum brasiliense je ceněno a používáno např. na stěžně lodí, výrobu dlabaných kánoí, stavbu domů a pod. Dřevo asijského druhu Calophyllum kajewskii, vyvážené především z Malajsie, je obchodováno pod názvem bintangor.

Listy, olej ze semen a latex některých druhů rodu Calophyllum  jsou používány v etnomedicíně. Látka zvaná kalanolid A, izolovaná ze stromu Calophyllum lanigerum, je používána proti viru HIV.

Plody karibského stromu Mammea americana poskytují méně známé tropické ovoce.

Seznam rodů
Agasthiyamalaia,
Astrotheca,
Calophyllum,
Caraipa,
Clusiella,
Endodesmia,
Haploclathra,
Kielmeyera,
Lebrunia,
Mahurea,
Mammea,
Marila,
Mesua,
Neotatea,
Nouhuysia,
Poeciloneuron

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy

Botanické čeledi
Malpígiotvaré

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Football History | What We Have to be Thankful For
Posted on 15th January 2019 by Jack
The game as we now know it is unrecognisable from the game adored by our grandads and grandmothers; choreographed dance routines have replaced more conservative celebrations while the once sacred pre-match pint is no more. Gone are the days of local painter and decorator companies adorning the sides of stadiums, replaced now by Qatari airlines and Chinese banks.
It is undeniable that the era of bursting balconies and sodden stadiums paved the way for the game we recognise today and so, we thought we'd wax nostalgic about football history and what it once looked like "as it is no longer what it used to be," according to your grandad.
1930-1949 | The Interwar Years
Prior to the interwar years, the game bared no resemblance whatsoever to what we now know and so, we've decided to begin with two of perhaps the most turbulent decades in football history: the 1930s and 40s.
The 1930s saw the emergence of notable players including Mathews, Lawton and Shankly yet it was Herbert Chapman, a manager, who revolutionised the game beyond recognition. Tantamount to Shankly who managed Huddersfield Town in 1956-1959, Chapman managed the team from 1921-1925 and although he would go on to win the same amount of trophies with Arsenal as he would with Huddersfield, it was his groundbreaking ideas that earnt him the nickname the 'moderniser' and a place in football history.
Formations, numbered shirts, both teams walking out together in the cup final: these were just some of the ideas Chapman implemented during his career, while his iconic 'WM' formation paved the way for what we now know to be 3-4-3, the formation that won Antonio Conte the Premier League in 2017.
Like Shankly to follow and Bernabeu before him, Chapman's workings can be seen in the planning of Pep Guardiola; his value of what would become sports science is evident in Marco Silva; his aura pervaded every action of Sir Alex Ferguson and thus, he set the standard for the modern game back in 1934.
1950-1974 | A Bastion of Invincibility
Chapman was an innovator, a panoramic mind in an era of inward thinking. However, in 1959, Shankly re-reconsidered the role of manager when he nabbed control of one of the bastions of the beautiful game: Liverpool.
The way in which Shankly managed Liverpool can not only be seen in the manner in which Sir Alex Ferguson and Arsene Wenger managed their clubs in an omnipotent fashion, but it can also be seen in how we lambaste the short-termism in the modern game as we are culpable of expecting every manager to build a dynasty just like Shankly did.
This is not to say however, that Shankly was the only manager ever to "circle the wagons" as Ferguson would say, around his club, yet he was pioneering in the sense that he combined his teams underdog status with that of a population who knew nothing else but to fight for what it had.
This is something some modern managers have imitated, be it David Moyes who proclaimed that Everton were "the people's club" or Fergusons nurturing of The Class of '92 while some, on the other hand, have failed spectacularly.
Nevertheless, Shankly paved the way for the modern bastions, the all-encompassing juggernauts who manage teams today.
2009-2019 | The Modern Modernisers
And so, what of todays 'modernisers' who those over a certain age say aren't deserving of comparison to Shankly or Chapman?
One man who has captured the essence of the city in which he works is Jurgen Klopp. The German gets Liverpool, while his innovative gegenpressing approach is sure to be copied by those managing in the future. Meanwhile, Pep Guardiola's tiki-taka tactic is as groundbreaking as Chapman's 'WM' formation was.
What we can conclude from looking back is that while football continues to change those who adore it don't, as what draws you in is a sense of wonderment that never seems to dwindle.
Celebrate football history by staying in the stunning Shankly Hotel while also basking in the memorabilia covered walls of the spectacular Bastion Bar & Restaurant.
The beautiful hotel is perfect for overnight stays or just watching the Liverpool match. Sound exciting? Get in touch with our friendly team today by calling 0151 236 0166 or email reservations@shankly.com
Keep up to date with everything going on at the hotel by following The Shankly Hotel Facebook or test your knowledge of football history by attempting our Liverpool quiz.
Posted in Bill Shankly, Uncategorised	Tagged Bill Shankly, football, football history, The Shankly Hotel	Leave a comment
Bill Shankly as Remembered by the People of Liverpool
Posted on 31st August 2017 by Hannah Rogers
Bill Shankly was a true hero of Merseyside. Not only for his raging success in turning Liverpool football Club into the undeniable force it is today, but for his demeanour and connection with the people of the city he came to call home.
If he wasn't driving down the street with Nessie's knickers stuck to his car roof, he was touching the lives of many, many people in Liverpool
To help celebrate The Shankly Hotel's second birthday, we invited our Facebook followers to share some of their stories of the great man himself, offering an endearing insight into how Liverpool's greatest football manager was a down to earth and well-loved man.
"Sometimes you have to lose to know how to win" – Bill Shankly Remembered
"When I was 11 my Dad used to run the local Boxing club when I had my first fight I was so excited partly because it was my first fight but mainly because Bill Shankly was giving the trophies out.
Well, I got beat and instead of picking up my runners up trophy I ran out of the ring and into the changing room. I was really upset because in my eyes I had let my Dad down and I had done it in front of the great man. My Dad was trying to console me saying it would be ok.i wasn't having any of it. Then in came Shanks which reduced me to a blubbering jelly.
You forgot this and gave me the runners up trophy. He put his hand on my shoulder and said: 'Don't worry son sometimes you have to lose to know how to win.'
With that he went out to watch the next bout. There was me with a smile as wide as the Mersey I've never ever forgot that day and told the story many times over the years. The word legend is used too often these days but in my eyes, there couldn't be a more appropriate word to describe Shanks"
Barry Robinson
The Letter to a Fellow Footballer
"This is the letter Bill Shankly sent to Jeff Twentyman the father of my friend Will Twentyman congratulating him on his move to Liverpool and his step up from the third division to the first which is now the premier league and top tier of English football.
This letter which also features in his book the secret diary of a Liverpool scout all about the scouting work Jeff did as he continued to be a great servant to the club for many years after he finished playing for them.
The reason the story is also amusing is because the reason behind the move was a floodlight fire causing part of the ground at the club he was at before was the reason he was sold as the most valuable player at the club at that time to raise funds!"
Joanne Noone
Mobbed at a Charity Football Match
"In the early 1970's, when I was about ten, the local football team Poulton Victoria had a football pitch at the back of our house in Wallasey and they hosted a charity match with some big celebrities such as Rod Stewart and Jimmy Hill and it was even filmed by the BBC!
Towards the end of the game Bill Shankly turned up and was absolutely mobbed by fans, I was so overwhelmed I touched his coat and he looked down at me and smiled.
I can still feel that coat, it was a brown raincoat and the memory is as fresh as yesterday over 40 years later."
Pamela Quinn
Bill Shankly's Toilet
"We used to play football on Barnfield Playing fields now known as the Shankly playing fields when I was about 10. We had our jackets as posts and he lived opposite and used to come across and ref.
One day I needed the loo and was about to leave early but instead, he took me home to his to use his toilet so I didn't miss the footy. Couldn't believe I was sat on his loo. He also told me that if I wanted to play for Liverpool I should play for a team instead of watching them.
I did just that on his say so. Never played for Liverpool but love playing and love Mr Shankly as we used to call him. An absolute legend who always looked out for us kids."
Keith Duckworth
Always the Life of the Party
"It was either the 1971 or 1973 FA Cup Final when I would have been 10 or 12 years old. We were having a street party for the cup final in Handel Street (which was off Lodge Lane but sadly no longer there).
The road was partially blocked off due to the party and a car came down the street, stopped and out got Bill Shankly. He was made up we were having a street party for Liverpool. He stayed for a while and chatted to all the adults and children. I said "Hello Mr Shankly" and he shook my hand.
I couldn't believe how friendly and down to earth he was and the memory will last forever."
Jackie Curry
The Man Who Could Walk on Water
"When my husband and I were walking down Muirhead Avenue one afternoon Bill was waiting in his car for his wife Nessie to come out of the hairdressers.
My hubby asked him if it was true that he could walk on water. Bill looked him straight in the eye and said 'Aye laddie aye.'"
Jeff Campbell
One thing is for sure, the people of Liverpool loved Bill Shankly and Bill Shankly loved Liverpool. Although he was raised in Scotland, the people and the city of Liverpool will always have space in their heart for the man that changed football forever.
Posted in The Family, The Hotel	Tagged Bill Shankly, football, football history, Liverpool hotel, The Shankly Hotel	1 Comment
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text:
Siedlisko – zespół czynników abiotycznych (klimatyczno-glebowych), niezależnych od biocenozy, które panują w określonym miejscu, działających na rozwój poszczególnych organizmów, ich populacje lub całą biocenozę. Siedlisko określa warunki istnienia zajmujących je typów zbiorowisk roślinnych i związanych z nimi zgrupowań zwierzęcych. Siedlisko danego gatunku to przestrzeń, w której ten gatunek występuje.

W szerokim rozumieniu równoważnym terminem jest habitat (od  "zamieszkały").

Wśród siedlisk wyróżnia się:
 siedliska naturalne, czyli pierwotne – siedliska nie zmienione wskutek działalności człowieka,
 siedliska synantropijne, które powstały w wyniku działalności człowieka. Należą do nich m.in.:
 siedliska ruderalne,
 siedliska segetalne,
 siedliska półnaturalne.

Zobacz też
 stanowisko
 siedlisko przyrodnicze
 środowisko
 typ siedliskowy lasu
 biotop

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Janina Skrzyczyńska, Barbara Gąsiorowska. 2020. Nauka o siedlisku.  W: Uprawa roślin. Red. A. Kotecki. Wyd. UP Wroc., Wrocław, t. 1, 49-210.

Ekologia


The leaves, stems, buds, and flowers of lavender are valuable for a variety of uses. This revised and updated edition of the best-selling guidebook gives instructions for growing and harvesting the popular aromatic herb, with ideas for using it in the garden landscape, in crafts, and in recipes. Projects are included for making potpourris, wreaths, garlands, arrangements, and even lavender-spiced chicken, halibut, potato salad, madeleines, and bread. An added section on festivals and farms offers travel opportunities for those who want to experience lavender culture. A full list of sources completes this definitive book. 114pp.
Stackpole, 1999, Paperback, Book Condition: New, Jacket Condition: No d/j as Published. First Edition. . 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall.
Warwick Gallery, 1980, Paperback, Book Condition: Very Good, Jacket Condition: No d/j as Published. . Catalogue. 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall.
Not only a thorough exploration of autistic gifts,also a book which reaches radical conclusions on the very nature of talent and its relationship to intelligence.Slight dent to right hand edge of front board,and to right hand edge of spine,d/j similarly slightly dented.188pp.
Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2001, Cloth, Book Condition: Very Good, Jacket Condition: Very Good. First Edition. D/J In Protective Wrapper. 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall.
N.B. Previous owners inscription to ffep. Reading crease and slight fading to spine. Corners and edges of covers srubbed. 303pp.
Princeton University Press, 1972, Paperback, Book Condition: Very Good, Jacket Condition: No d/j as Published. Second Paperbound Printing. . 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall.
Compiled and Edited By Rice, Joe D.
Wildwood Publications, 1985, Cloth, Book Condition: Fine, Jacket Condition: No Jacket. . . 4to - over 9¾" - 12" tall.


Performance poplin pants fit comfortably, and are made from 80/20 poly/cotton (white is 65/35 poly/cotton). Pre-cure durable press, straight leg, two set-in side pockets and full elastic waist. Comes in 34" unfinished length.
Coordinates with Women's Loose Fit Short Sleeve Button Smock, and Women's Loose Fit Button Smock - 3/4 Sleeve.


The exhibition showed the effects of water pollution worldwide and the process called the "Green Liver" with which bodies of water can be treated sustainably.
Worldwide pollution, poverty, dwindling water supply and modern wastewater disposal as well as the privatization of resources have catastrophic effects for waterways, aquifers and thus the entire water supply, above all in developing countries.
The "Green Liver" is a process for cleaning water ecologically; it's a local approach to the problem, which protects this precious resource. This process has been developed by the Department of Environmental Effects Research and Ecotoxicology at the TU. It functions on a basic ecological principle: Certain plants have the ability to uptake pollutants from water, then either break them down or deposit them in the plant's own cells. These plants are used to free bodies of water from toxic substances sustainably.
In cooperation with the Berlin Technical University, the Berlin Waterworks Museum and has dedicated an exhibition to this topic. In addition to presenting the ecosystem's vitally important functions and the causes of water pollution, the exhibition showed concrete examples of the Green Liver system in China, South Korea, Brazil and Bolivia and their encouraging results.
The exhibition presented this topic for the general public, thus contributed to environmental education and understanding applied science. Special children's workshops addressed young visitors as well.
Partner contact and public relations.


There is a lot of research on student evaluations, perhaps two-thousand articles. One meta analysis indicates that student ratings are affected much more by expressiveness than by content, while student achievement is affected more by content than by expressiveness. See 'Educational Seduction', by Abrami, Leventhal, and Perry, in Review of Educational Research. That does not mean there is no correlation between ratings and effectiveness, but it does mean we need to be cautious in making conclusions about perhaps subtle effects on effectiveness when our data are from ratings. I am not criticizing Benjamin for using ratings; indeed, I admire and applaud his effort. I would just prefer that the conclusions be stated without the logical leap. What is wrong with saying, "I found no correlation between writing output and student ratings." That would let the reader decide how much to conclude about teaching effectiveness.
As for Bill's market point, I am not arguing that these educated consumers we call students do not know what they want or that they do not know it when they see it. But I have little faith that they want what we educators think they need, as opposed to entertainment or bar passage. They could rationally choose to give up some small bit of lawyering effectiveness in the future for some entertainment now. I have even less faith that they want to learn what society needs them to learn for the good of all. I'd bet big money that I could raise my student ratings and lower the quality of my Property instruction by replacing future interests with more on landlord-tenant law.
The more important point that I wanted to make is that Benjamin seems to be looking for a simple relationship when a complex one is more likely. To carry my optimization point further, suppose that most faculty members have experimented with more or less research time, or in some other way have found a mix of preparation and publication that maximizes the value of their own efforts, in their own eyes of course. It seems entirely possible that asking them to do more writing would result in substantially lower quality teaching, otherwise they would have made that trade themselves. On the other hand, asking them to do substantially more class preparation would result in less writing without substantially advancing their teaching effectiveness. We should not be surprised to find that each faculty member reaches his or her optimum at a different mix of teaching and writing. This sets up what might be viewed as a restriction-of-range problem. It is possible that the data would not reveal any correlation for the group even though a complex relationship would indeed exist for each faculty member.
In short, it seems likely that writing and teaching are complements at low levels of writing and substitutes at high levels of writing, and determining whether any particular faculty member has increased his or her writing to the point that further increases will reduce teaching quality is a very tricky business.


The researchers reached this conclusion after studying computer code believed to be for Ohio-based Diebold Election Systems' electronic voting equipment. The code, which included modifications made through 2002, was posted anonymously to a public Web site earlier this year. During 2002, approximately 33,000 Diebold voting stations, which allow ballots to be cast via a 15-inch touch-screen monitor, were used in elections in Georgia, California, Kansas and other locations, according to a company news release. On July 21, the company finalized an agreement with the state of Maryland to provide up to $55.6 million in touch-screen voting technology and related services.
But after analyzing tens of thousands of lines of programming code purportedly used to make this electronic voting system work, three researchers from the Information Security Institute at Johns Hopkins, aided by a computer scientist at Rice University in Houston, have expressed serious concerns about the voting system. The researchers said they uncovered vulnerabilities in the system that could be exploited by an individual or group intent on tampering with election results. In particular, they pointed to the use of a "smart card," containing a tiny computer chip, that each eligible voter receives. The card, inserted into the electronic voting machine, is designed to ensure that each person casts only one ballot. But the researchers believe a voter could hide a specially programmed counterfeit card in a pocket, withdraw it inside the booth and use it to cast multiple votes for a single candidate.
"A 15-year-old computer enthusiast could make these counterfeit cards in a garage and sell them," said Avi Rubin, technical director of the Information Security Institute at Johns Hopkins and one of the researchers involved in the study. "Then, even an ordinary voter, without knowing anything about computer code, could cast more than one vote for a candidate at a polling place that uses this electronic voting system."
The security flaws were discovered this summer after Rubin assigned Adam Stubblefield, 22, and Yoshi Kohno, 25, two computer science doctoral students at the institute, to review the voting software code found on the Web. The students analyzed only those files that were publicly accessible and did not attempt to breach others that were protected by passwords. "Many of the attacks are very simple," Kohno said. "It is unfortunate to find such flaws in a system potentially as important as this one." Stubblefield added, "When people vote in the United States, they have to believe the election is fair."
The researchers, joined by Dan Wallach, an assistant professor of computer science at Rice University, were able to reconstruct the electronic voting terminal in a Johns Hopkins computer lab and detected the security problems. "Even without access to the protected files, we've determined this system is fundamentally flawed," Rubin said. "There will be no easy fix for this."
The issue is important, Rubin said, because problems related to Florida's punch card ballots during the 2000 Presidential election have prompted many cities and states to consider computer screen voting systems as a better alternative. But Rubin, who has conducted extensive research into electronic voting and has been tapped to review the security of a federal electronic voting proposal, said the move to high-tech balloting should not be conducted in haste. "People are rushing too quickly to computerize our method of voting before we know how to do it securely," he said.
Although the researchers have not independently verified the current or past use of the code by Diebold or that the code they analyzed is actually Diebold code, they stated in their technical paper that "the copyright notices and code legacy information in the code itself are consistent with publicly available systems offered by Diebold and a company it acquired in 2001, Global Election Systems. Also, the code itself compiled and worked as an election system consistent with Diebold's public descriptions of its system."


text:
package org.apache.slide.projector.processor.form;

import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.slide.projector.Context;
import org.apache.slide.projector.Processor;
import org.apache.slide.projector.Result;
import org.apache.slide.projector.Store;
import org.apache.slide.projector.descriptor.ParameterDescriptor;
import org.apache.slide.projector.descriptor.ResultDescriptor;
import org.apache.slide.projector.descriptor.StateDescriptor;
import org.apache.slide.projector.store.FormStore;

public class ClearForm implements Processor {
	public Result process(Map parameter, Context context) throws Exception {
		Store formStore = context.getStore(Store.FORM);
		if ( formStore != null ) {
			((FormStore)formStore).clear();
		}
		return new Result(StateDescriptor.OK);
	}

	public ParameterDescriptor[] getParameterDescriptors() {
		return ParameterDescriptor.NO_PARAMETERS;
	}

	public ResultDescriptor getResultDescriptor() {
		return ResultDescriptor.OK;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


HomeNews Are You Ready for a Big Change?
After a series of tests and hearings, explorations, and even exhaustive fire testing, ICC-ES unanimously voted to implement AC456 and modify AC377, the code that establishes the requirements for spray-applied polyurethane foam plastic insulation. The new ICC-ES code, AC456, which will be effective in 2017, establishes a criteria for Coatings over SPF ensuring that the product tested is the same product that is used on the jobsite. As we move forward, all assembly testing that the SPF and the Coating, that has not been performed in accordance with AC85 Section 3.1 will be removed from ALL SPF evaluation reports and will leave you, the contractor, potentially liable for a "Bad Install that does not meet the codes".
There is only one way to know the coating you are using and the assembly you are protecting meets AC456. Ask your coating supplier to provide you with an evaluation report on their coating, clearly stating that the coating meets the requirements of AC377 and AC456. Having an Evaluation Report stating AC456 compliance is NOT AN OPTION it is a requirement. Do not be confused by Evaluation Reports of coating companies that DO NOT clearly state AC456 criteria has been met.
Insist that the coating companies Evaluation Report clearly list ALL SPF BRANDS OR ASSEMBLIES, and that at the time of testing met the AC377, AC456 Compliance Criteria.
NOTE: Another option is to supply your code official with an SPF Manufacture Evaluation Report or IAS certified full scale test, clearly listing your coating of choice as a tested Alternative Thermal Barrier solution. Make sure the coating company supplies you with a signed letter from the accredited testing facility where the assembledCOATING COMPANY SUPPLIES YOU WITH A SIGNED LETTER FROM THE ACCREDITED TESTING FACILITY WHERE THE ASSEMBLY WAS TESTED, STATING THAT AT THE TIME OF TESTING THE COATING MET AC456.
Read more: Are You Ready for a Big Change?


as julle op Route 62 ry kyk uit vir Elders.
Ja, looks like it .... either the younguns can't keep up or they're still out partying!
Good morning all, have a lekker day!
I've been having nerve spikes through my left leg the whole evening.
More ... werk al klaar minstens 'n uur.
Don't have time for pics when I'm working Niel!
Just finished for the day about an hour ago .... now trying to catch up on the forum.
Looks like everybody is having a early night after pearl harbour effect.
Awsome Chris. It looks wonderful! Enjoy the time off.
having some fun with the camera this morning.
wishing you all a stunning weekend.
Hallo daar werk niemand meer laat nie?
Nie werk nie - nou net terug gekom van 'n braai by vriende. Die mense weet nie waneer te gaan slaap nie!
Ja nee ..... went to bed too early and woke up a while ago. Watched some TV, - that often makes me feel sleepy, but hasn't really worked tonight. Nonetheless, I must go lie down again, cos I can't sleep late this morning.
Might try counting sheep with you Chris.
..... en warmer as in die Kaap.
No site inspection? ....... Why couldn't you have used video conferencing?


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Q: Табы на CSS + JS, с возможностью действия яндекса Есть кусок меню из подвала сайта такого кода:

tabtext

      tab content

tabtext2

        tab content2

На сайте - джейквери есть.
Хочется сделать так, чтобы было как на яндексе, т.е. при клике на заголовок табы, он в dt - открывалось содержимое табы, оно в dd, при двойном клике - переход на страницу по ссылке.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


and most importantly, could run the classroom without me around. (This will be key for when I am working with small groups or one-on-one with kids). Below are some pictures of what I have done so far.
This is my writing area. It has supplies on the shelf and the crate next to the shelf is where the students will keep their final writing pieces. I am creating full portfolios for the kids, but this is specifically for their writing.
To the left is to keep track of where they are in the writing process. I got this great idea from www.creativechalkboard.com blog! It's cheap and effective!
To get the trays to hang on the wall, I used crazy glue on flat thumbtacks and glued to the tray and then stuck to the wall. The labels were oversized library card pockets that I found for 69 cents each. I just snipped off the top, laminated, and labeled them. The mini pencils are decals that I also found at the teacher store. I laminated and will label with each students' name once I get a class list. The pizza trays are from Dollar Tree. I placed a magnet on the back of the mini pencils and the kids can move their pencil as they finish each part of the writing process. This was a great idea that I stole! Thanks so much!
I plan to use Lucy Calkins' Writers Workshop in my classroom to teach writing. For the kids to keep track of their writing and the materials that go along with it, I came up with the idea for a writing binder that is divided into sections. Shown below.
I printed the page, and stuck it in the front of the binder (added the owls because that is the theme of my classroom. I got those from TpT.com for free. Just search owl labels). The labels are; draft, revision, edit, publish. The plan is to have the students complete their brainstorms in a composition book and work on loose-leaf paper for the remainder of the process. They can move the pages from section to section as they move through the writing process. The composition book fits nicely into the pocket of the binder. I am hoping that this will keep things from getting lost.
I kept the classroom library pretty simple. I organized books based only on genre and some are sorted by author. I am using Lucy Calkins' Readers Workshop to teach reading. Inside each book is the scholastic reading level (A-Z). The plan is to assess their reading level the first or second week of school so that they are able to choose a "just right" book. Some of the books I couldn't find levels for, so I put up the reminder of checking with the "5-finger Rule". I want to eventually add a small rug and some comfy seating, but my budget doesn't allow for the right now.
Perhaps one of my favorite parts of the classroom. Maybe because I love to meet with kids in small groups or maybe because I made the cute little "chairs" that are around the table. Actually, during my time in Philadelphia, my school couldn't afford to buy me a U-shaped table, and if I want something, I MUST HAVE IT. So, my genius and crafty aunt and I built the table and painted it green. So essentially, I made a set of table and chairs! I searched online at a bunch of different websites so credit can't be given to just one person. However, many teachers and parents are doing this and it is genius! Learn how to make your very own Crate Chair (as I like to call them :)) here. The 4 owls you see are taped to bathroom caddies from Big Lots. I plan to hold the Guided Reading books and materials in there for easy access.
This took me about a week. I only have one week left to get the math area and some other bulletin boards done. I hope it happens in time!!
Great job! I love all of the creativity and hard work. I think the students will really enjoy your classroom.
Thanks!! I hope they love it!!
Wow, this looks fantastic. I love the way you used the pizza trays. This will improve the idea I use and will help me utilise my space better.


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December 13, 2019, 4:49 PM ET
Retired Priest Allegedly Kills Teacher In Hit-And-Run, Blames Parkinson's Medication And 2 Drinks
Former Rev. Paul Burak was leaving a church Christmas party at a bar when he allegedly struck two women with his car.
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A parking lot of a local bar where a Catholic church Christmas party was winding down became a crime scene when two teachers were clipped by a hit-and-run driver, killing one of them.
Retired priest Paul Burak, 73, who served as Chicago's St. Michael Parish leader for years, stands accused of being drunk when he was behind the wheel of his gold 2016 Buick on Dec. 4 and subsequently killing the church's middle school teacher Margaret "Rone" Leja, 61, and injuring her 54-year-old faculty colleague Elizabeth Kosteck.
On Tuesday, December 11, Cook County State's Attorney's Office prosecutors charged Burak for aggravated driving under the influence of alcohol and leaving the scene of a fatal accident when he allegedly struck the women, according to The Chicago Tribune.
Each educator was rushed to Silver Cross Hospital in New Lenox, Illinois. Leja succumbed to her injuries and Kosteck was treated and is recovering since being released, according to The Chicago Sun-Times.
"I know that this news is disturbing and will surface many emotions," current Pastor of St. Michael Parish, Fr. Frank A. Kurucz, wrote to parishioners on the church's website not long after Burak was formally charged in the crash.
"Grief, anger and confusion are dominating our thoughts. This is a truly difficult time for our parish community as we continue to grieve the loss of Ms. Leja and injury to Mrs. Kosteck and to make sense of what has happened," he concluded.
Paul Burak Photo: Cook County Sheriff's Office
Burak served at St. Michael Parish, based in the Chicago suburb of Orland Park, from 2009 until he retired last year.
The late teacher, Leja, worked at St. Michael School starting in March of this year as a technology coach.
"If a teacher or student needed assistance with technology, she would help," an official with the Archdiocese of Chicago stated to Oxygen.com.
Kosteck currently teaches third grade at St. Michael School and has been with the school since 2005.
Ms. Margaret (Rone) Leja (R) and Mrs. Elizabeth Kosteck (L) Photo: Archdiocese of Chicago
At around 8 p.m. the night of the accident, Burak left the event, telling others he was OK to drive. Then, while pulling out of the parking lot, Burak allegedly steered his Buick into Leja and Kosteck as they were heading to their car in the parking lot, according to CBS 2 Chicago.
Burak allegedly then drove away from the scene, but a witness saw him and followed him, urging him to return to the victims when he caught up to him. Burak did drive back, but didn't leave his car or inform the police he was the man responsible, prosecutors say.
However, investigators pored over surveillance footage and say they matched Burak's Buick to the deadly collision in the parking lot. They subsequently performed a search of his Palos Heights home's garage and found his front license plate holder had been damaged, according to The Sun-Times.
Burak allegedly tried to explain away what happened by claiming the Parkinson's medication he took caused him to blackout after downing only a Manhattan cocktail and a glass of wine at the party, according to CBS 2 Chicago.
While the former priest's memory was allegedly joggled, he did say he recalled that the teachers were struck, but he couldn't be sure why. He also claimed he thought he struck a curb on his drive home, the television station reported.
"He remembers that he heard a noise, like someone's chassis out of the car, as if you went over a curb and hit the curb with the bottom of your car. He never thought it was a person. He said he did stop after he felt he hit something. He said he then gunned the car," Cook County Assistant State's Attorney James Murphy, said according to CBS 2 Chicago.
Responding to the accusations, Burak's attorney emphasized that Burak is "absolutely devastated" by the tragedy. She also noted that the man, who joined the seminary at 19, hasn't been in trouble with the law before and suffers from both Parkinson's disease and glaucoma.
"Our hearts go out to everyone affected by this, including the entire St. Michael's community," the attorney wrote in a statement to Oxygen.com.
Burak was taken into custody on Dec. 6 and released from Cook County Jail the following night after posting $10,000 bond, jail records show.
He is currently mandated to wear an electronic monitoring device.
His next court date is scheduled for Jan. 2.
Two Catholic Priests Accused Of Having Sex In Car
Former Priest Allegedly Molested, Raped Girl For Years


Weekend Update – Oslo, New York, … - Aurum Sports Group is an athlete-centered sports marketing and athlete management agency.
Christabel Nettey set a new Meet Record and captured her first Diamond League victory at the Adidas Grand Prix in New York on Saturday.
In the women's long jump, the leader changed at least five times throughout the competition with Nettey, British record-holder Shara Proctor and USA's Tianna Bartoletta all in the mix, but Nettey kept going farther with every attempt. She improved Janay DeLoach-Soukup's meeting record of 6.79m twice, posting 6.87m in the fourth round and 6.92m into a -1.3m/s headwind in the fifth.
In the men's 5k, Arne Gabius managed to produce his best result ever at a Diamond League meeting; finishing in 6th place, just 3sec behind the winner. He is set to compete at the B.A.A 10k next weekend.
Rutherford showed his class in the long jump to claim his second Diamond League victory of the week, just 4 days after winning at the Sainsbury's Birmingham Grand Prix. An 8.25m jump in the third round saw off the competition and the European champion extended his lead at the top of the Diamond Race standings.
Garrett Heath finished second in the 1500m in a time of 3:34.13min. It's the seventh-fastest time on the world level and Garrett's 2nd fastest race ever.


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Garden of Shadows by V.C. Andrews
3 stars - Gothic June 19, 2007
(The Dollanganger Series, #5)
Before terror flowered in the attic there was a young girl. An innocent, hopeful girl...
When young Olivia arrives at Foxworth Hall, she thinks her marriage to handsome Malcolm will bring the joy she has longed for. But in the gloomy mansion filled with festering desires and forbidden passions, a stain of jealous obsession begins to spread—an evil that will threaten her children, two charming boys and one very special, beautiful girl. For within the halls of this cursed house a shocking secret lives. A secret that will taint the Foxworth family for generations to come...
"My heart felt like a cold ember. Last night it flamed with hope. Today it was coated with ashes."
Garden of Shadows was the last novel written in the Dollanganger series, although it is actually the prequel to anything that came after. The book tells the story of Olivia Foxworth, the grandmother that would come to haunt the children in Flowers in the attic.
It tells the story of a young woman who comes to live at Foxworth Hall, and in her hands she holds the dreams for a bright future. One filled with love, romance, children, parties, and overall bliss. What she doesn't know is that she has married a man who is twisted and shriveled up, that the home she now resides in slowly ruins everyone who comes to live there.
The atmosphere is pure gothic in style and traditional Andrews. Her wording is a bit stuffier here, as I mentioned before, but it works with Olivia's personality.
Olivia Foxworth led a hellions existence. She lost both her mother and father at a young age and married into a loveless marriage. She never had any friends or boyfriends, and very little family. She was never accepted, loved, or befriended. Eventually, through life's tragedies, her heart turns to stone in order to survive. Garden of Shadows tells the story of a young, innocent, hopeful girl -- wanting more than anything to just be happy, held, and cared for -- being destroyed by the cruel aspects of life and slowly turned into a bitter old woman, always in turmoil and cut off from compassion.
Alicia is a sweet character you can't help but love. She has an innocent air about her, a true beauty and kindness; her type of personality is a lot rarer than the Olivia's of the world. Garland wasn't always the best husband and father but later in ! life sought to change that and make good for himself and his family. He was a happy man determined to stay that way; he wanted to keep going on bringing joy to those he loved and keep on living a life that was good, since much of his life was not always so carefree. It was hard for me not to sympathize with him.
Malcolm Foxworth is a multi-dimensional character, although for most of the book he comes off as overall cruel. His abandonment as a child, and absence from his father, ate away most of his soul long before Olivia's was taken. He was always searching for a way out, a semblance of peace, and whenever he found it sought to control it at all costs out of fear. His character does some pretty bad things, but at times that little lonely boy, vulnerable and lost, shows up from years past.
The pace, unfortunately, is on the choppy side. Andrews had to fit in everything in Olivia's life, but also provide some slow moments and enough foreshadowing to have it all make sense. So at times things are too rushed, and at other times they're a bit slow.
As is classic with Andrews style, the events are surprising, the ending bittersweet, the characters life rough (she once said in an interview she likes to put her characters through hell) and overall the story interesting. While it did have some flaws, these could be overlooked if you finish it to the end.
Because, there, it all makes sense.
Stepback:


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Floods and droughts – weather extremes beyond 1.5 Celsius
The latest research shows that exceeding the 1.5 Celsius limit that was the aim of the Paris Accord by even half a degree would have a massive, disastrous effect on vulnerable populations, especially in the developing world
The heatwave in India and Pakistan, which killed thousands in 2015, has been attributed to climate change [image by: Qaisar Khan / Anadolu Agency]
Quentin Lejeune, Fahad Saeed, Kai Kornhuber, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, September 17, 2018
As the Northern Hemisphere summer advances, reports of new heat records around the world, and especially of the now so-called "Summer 2018 European heatwave" bringing devastating wildfires, death and water shortages, carry a sense of déjà vu reminding us that climate change already affects the living conditions of billions. Early indications are that climate change increased the risk of this year's heatwave five times.
We already felt this at the end of 2017, a devastating year in terms of extreme weather events after which it became clear that these can already constitute an existential menace for vulnerable populations, threatening their capacity to cope and adapt.
Unfortunately this may well have just been "a sign of things to come", as the leading reinsurance firm MunichRe declared, after looking back at the very high losses it recorded from natural disasters last year.
The MunichRe statement is consistent with an ever-growing body of evidence showing that climate change has substantially contributed to an already long list of extreme events. It is a clear call to society to get prepared for the consequences of tomorrow's climatic changes. Indirectly, it is also a call to science to deliver information on what is the starting point when it comes to adaptation to extreme weather events and impacts: what to expect next?
In recent years, climate scientists have been working on refining the answers to this question. A big part of this effort started after the UNFCCC adopted the Paris Agreement that calls for limiting the global mean temperature increase to well-below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.
At this point, given the prominence of 1.5˚C in the Paris Agreement, and to lift some of the uncertainty around the impacts of climate change for the Paris Agreement's long term temperature goal, the UNFCCC invited the IPCC to prepare a special report on 1.5˚C.
Given the natural variability that characterises the climate system, distinguishing the consequences of climate change for two relatively close levels of warming is not an easy task, especially when one is interested in regional and sector-specific details. However, concerted effort by climate scientists in response to the IPCC report brought an impressive body of new results.
What past observations tell us about the near future
A Climate Analytics-led study based on the observational records from the 20thcentury shows that in the very recent past (since 1960), half a degree of warming has already resulted in significant increases in the intensity of hot extremes as well as heavy rainfall, providing a good indication to what an additional half a degree warming could result in the future.
Another study demonstrated that anthropogenic global warming has already increased the probability of record-setting heat extremes, heavy precipitation events and droughts over 50 to 90% of North America, Europe and East Asia. As we are now ~0.5°C away from the 1.5°C temperature limit, these results already provide sobering insights into what the world could look like even if we reach it.
What climate models project
But observations have their limitations in predicting the future, as some processes driving climate extreme events may not evolve in an orderly, linear fashion. As an alternative, scientists have used climate models, which have confirmed that the trends observed globally over recent decades will persist for each increment of global mean temperature.
The clearest examples are for severe heat waves, to which almost 37% of the global population will be exposed at least once every five years in a 2ºC warmer world – three times larger than for a 1.5ºC world (almost 14%).
Heatwaves can also occur in the ocean, where they manifest as prolonged periods of anomalously high sea surface temperatures, causing major threats to marine organisms and coral reefs. A newly released study shows that the number of marine heatwave days will be multiplied by 16 at 1.5°Ccompared to now, and by 23 at 2.0°C.
Although there are more geographical variations in the projections for heavy rain than for heatwaves, limiting global mean temperature increase to 1.5 °C compared to a 2 °C scenario could reduce the global risk for this kind of extreme events by one third.
And just as excess precipitation will become an increasingly frequent hazard, so will the lack of it. The projected drought signals indicate that limiting global warming to 1.5°C rather than 2°C would halve the share of the world population that will be exposed to exacerbated or new water scarcity
The developing world will be hardest hit
Science also tells us that some regions and population groups will be hit harder than others. While there will be no real winners in a warming climate, it is clear that the biggest losers will be the poorest and most vulnerable.
Exceeding the 1.5°C global warming limit would lead to the low-income nations experiencing the greatest local climate changes. Among developing countries, the bottom 40% of income earners are projected to suffer 70% higher income losses than the average population.
The tropical regions, where much of the developing countries are located, will be at the forefront of these changes. An additional half a degree increase in global mean temperature would mean that the tropics will undergo strongest increase in warming relative to natural variability, as shown in a study led by Climate Analytics scientists.
Even at 2ºC warming, the summers there could turn into one continuous heatwave. Two analyses led by Climate Analytics experts show that combining this extreme heat with the robust reduction of the rainy season as well as lower crop yield at 2ºC makes for an overall gloomy picture for these tropical regions which already host a high incidence of severe poverty.
Overall, Africa and Southeast Asia are expected to suffer the most severe impacts of climate change. Studies focusing on Africa have, for example, found robustly lower increases in both the intensity and frequency of heat extremes, and significantly less intense drought conditions in the northern, western and southern parts of the continent for a 1.5°C compared to a 2°C world.
Southeast Asia, the other hot spot region, is likely to face a higher rise in heavy intensity rainfall events in a 2ºC warmer world relative to 1.5 ºC. A half a degree increase would also mean an increase in extreme maximum temperature in China's urban agglomerations.
For coastal communities, the risk from extreme events is exacerbated by rising global sea levels, with crucial consequences especially for the small island states. Relative to 1.5ºC, 2ºC would mean 10 cm higher sea levels and a 30% higher rate of increase by 2100.
What might look like a small difference actually means the additional inundation of lands currently home to about five million inhabitants, including 60,000 who live on small islands. At the same time, warmer sea surface temperatures are also projected to bring more energy into tropical storms, leading to an increased frequency of the strongest of them. The perspective of more frequent megastorms acting in combination with sea level rise and heavier precipitation events raises extremely serious concerns about their future impacts on vulnerable coastal populations and infrastructures.
This would cripple even more regions, which often crucially depend for their food supply on coral reef ecosystems since the latter, already severely enfeebled by ocean acidification, may simply virtually disappear if global warming exceeds the 1.5°C limit.
A devastated street of Roseau, Dominica after Hurricane Irma (2017). The odds of such a megastorm are increased by warming sea surface temperatures and will be multiplied at 1.5°C, and even more at 2°C of global warming. Read the Climate Analytics briefing on tropical cyclones for more information..
Climate impacts on the developed world
Although low-income countries will bear the brunt of future climate change, this doesn't mean developed countries will be able to dodge the juggernaut that already represents reaching 2°C above pre-industrial.
In Europe, the events similar to the European record hot summer of 2003, which caused tens of thousands of deaths, would be at least 24% less frequent in a world at 1.5 °C global warming compared to 2 °C global warming.
Shifting from 1.5°C to 2.0°C would lead to an enormous increase in dryness and reduced water availability in the Mediterranean region.
And limiting warming to 1.5 ºC, relative to 2ºC, would perceptibly reduce the frequency of extreme heat events in Australia.
These new findings clearly show that limiting global warming increase to 1.5°C above preindustrial levels would greatly alleviate future impacts on societies across the world. The great scientific efforts that were undertaken to reach these conclusions will be synthesised in the IPCC special report due out this autumn, and should serve as a call to urgent action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions now.
Extreme events under 1.5 vs 2 degree warming: key facts and figures
References: (1) Dosio et al. 2018; (2) Zhang et al. 2017; (3) Gerten et al. 2013; (4) Roberts 2018; (5) Schleussner et al. 2016; (6) Lehner et al. 2017; (7) Schleussner et al. 2016; (8) Yu et al. 2017; (9) King et al. 2017a; (10) King et al. 2017b; (11) Lehner et al. 2017
This article was first published as a blogpost on Climate Analytics, and has bee reproduced with permission. This is an overview of the most important of the recent 1.5˚C studies on climate impacts and extreme events. Much of it will be synthesised in the IPCC special report, due out in October, which will be a key document for setting the course of climate policy at a global level.
Who should pay for damage associated with climate change – and who should be compensated?
How a reality TV show motivated Bangladeshis to respond to extreme weather
Rice and reason: Indus and the world affect each other
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