Who Are You Not to Forgive Yourself?
Mary Poplin is a former radical feminist, new age spiritualist, liberal professor who became a Christian and spent some time working with Mother Teresa. Hers is an unusual and intriguing story.
Among other things, she talks about Mother Teresa's radical forgiveness. For instance, Richard Dawkins wrote an entire book about Mother Teresa in which he criticized her vilely for taking money from other people, among other things. The brief glimpse Mary Poplin gives us into the life of Mother Teresa reveals a woman who, perhaps as much as anyone in modern history, lived the sacrificial example of Jesus. This stands in contrast to the stark, cold criticism of the atheist, Dawkins.
The point here, is that though Dawkins had reviled Mother Teresa, she forgave him unconditionally. Mary Poplin, summarized Mother Teresa and her followers, "They didn't have any hooks left in them." They didn't hold on to any ill will whatsoever.
I don't know about Mother Teresa's theology, but the example of living out the forgiveness that Jesus demonstrated and called us to live out is the key. It is radical, and it's rooted in our acknowledgment that God is God, and we are not. You might as well call it radical obedience because it matters not what we think or feel about the subject.
This headline reads, Fiorina Was right. The article, then, goes into details regarding how Carly Fiorina, the rising GOP star, was right about the Planned Parenthood videos. The sanguine point is not that Carly Fiorina is right about those videos, but that so many people can be so wrong.
Yes, I said it, wrong! I know it is not poplar to believe in right and wrong, but morality never won a popularity contest. Morality often goes against the popular culture.
I heard some pundit say that the Planned Parenthood videos are "heavily edited" and that Planned Parenthood does none of the things they are accused of doing in those videos. Seriously?


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Fisher vs Gordon
Result Report News Replay Discuss
Wembley Arena, London, United Kingdom
4 rounds contest @ Heavyweight
Southpaw (L)
Johnny Fisher vs Matt Gordon report
Who won Fisher vs Gordon?
Johnny Fisher beat Matt Gordon by technical knockout in the 1st round on Saturday 20th February 2021 at Wembley Arena in London.
The fight was scheduled to take place over 4 rounds in the Heavyweight division, which meant there was no weight limit.
Fisher vs Gordon stats
Johnny Fisher stepped into the ring with an undefeated record of 0 wins, zero loses and 0 draws.
Matt Gordon made his way to the ring with a record of 2 wins, 5 loses and 1 draw.
Johnny Fisher was the older man by 23 years, at 23 years old.
Fisher had a height advantage of 1 inch over Gordon.
Johnny Fisher fought out of the orthodox stance, while Matt Gordon was a southpaw.
Fisher was the less experienced professional fighter, having had 8 less fights, and made his debut in 2021, 1 year and 11 months later than Gordon, whose first professional fight was in . He had fought 9 less professional rounds, 14 to Gordon's 23.
What time did Fisher vs Gordon start?
The fighters were expected to ringwalk at around 10:00 PM GMT at Wembley Arena, London, United Kingdom, which was 5:00 PM EST or 2:00 PM PST on the West Coast of America.
What were the odds on Fisher vs Gordon?
Sorry, we couldn't find any historical odds for Fisher vs Gordon.
Johnny Fisher vs Matt Gordon news
Sorry, we couldn't find any news for Fisher vs Gordon.
Fisher vs Gordon Full Fight Video
Sorry, we couldn't find any replay videos for Fisher vs Gordon yet. Please check back later.
Johnny Fisher
Matt Gordon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Hope Landfill project scope in general consisted of offloading and shaping 215,000MT of non-toxic waste to final 3H/1V slope contours throughout the site. Upon completing fill placement, gas collection systems and final landfill closure systems were installed. In addition, drainage infrastructure throughout the site was constructed to promote water collection at the landfill's newly constructed Leachate Treatment System, the final design of which included a 1,300m² lined settlement pond, a 1,000m² lined wetland, an aeration system, and lock block retaining walls up to 6 blocks high.
To complete the works expeditiously, the work was coordinated such that offloading waste, constructing final gas and closure systems, and constructing wetlands were completed concurrently where possible.
The nature of the works were heavy civil intensive and involved preparing and maintaining temporary access routes throughout the site for trucks and heavy machinery. In addition, rock quarry works were completed in order to generate 10,000m³ of blasted rock used to establish final roads and rip rap lined ditching; the completed quarry also provided an additional air space volume necessary to receive the 215,000MT waste quantity.


Midtown Manor was reviewed by Medicare to have a rating of 3 out of 5 stars.
E Some Potential for Harm Health Inspection Encode each resident�s assessment data and transmit these data to the State within 7 days of assessment.
D Few Potential for Harm Complaint+Inspection Assure that each resident�s assessment is updated at least once every 3 months.
D Few Potential for Harm Complaint+Inspection Completely assess the resident at least every twelve months.
Medicare determines the expected staffing time per resident per day depending on level of care the residents of Midtown Manor require. It is important to compare the reported time to expected time for a single facility instead of comparing the amount of time per resident of two facilities. Learn why.


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This is a quality article!
You are looking at one detailed and comprehensive article. To propose changes, submit edits for review.
The Leaderboard is a feature of Geometry Dash. Introduced in Update 1.3, player collectibles can be viewed in a ranked list alongside those of other players, sorted into categories.
Leaderboard categories
Top 100: Shows the top 100 players, ordered by number of stars.
Friends: Shows the player alongside their friends, ordered by number of stars.
Global: Shows the player alongside other players based on their global ranking, ordered by number of stars.
Creators: Shows the top 100 creators, ordered by creator points. 1 creator point is rewarded for a created level that receives a star rating, with 1 additional point being rewarded for a created level being featured. If a created level is rated epic, 1 additional point is also added.
Players of a high enough ranking on the global leaderboard receive a coloured trophy alongside their rank in the upper left corner of their profile page.
Position #1
Positions #2 to #10
Positions #11 to #50
Positions #51 to #100
Positions #101 to #200
Positions #501 to #1,000
Positions held by players possessing 500 or more stars
All players with the same number of stars as the logged in player will be positioned below them with the exception of one randomly selected player who will be positioned above. This results in slightly different rankings being presented to each player.
Prior to Update 2.0, there used to be a Weekly category that was ordered based on the number of stars obtained in one week, updated weekly. It was replaced by the Friends category.
The player Michigun had been ranked 1st on the global leaderboard for a very long time. On April 21, 2017 during Update 2.1, player Shaggy23 claimed 1st position, resulting in the first change of top ranking where Michigun remained unchallenged across many game updates with a total span extending over several years.
Though, player NoctaFly surpassed Shaggy23 and proceeded to reach the star limit of 65535.
Recently the star limit of 65535 was raised to 16777215 and stars now count normally.
Retrieved from "https://geometry-dash.fandom.com/wiki/Leaderboard?oldid=456016"


Walkie & Rider Electric Pallet Jack Material Handling Equipment Selections pt. 2 - MOBILE INDUSTRIES INC. :: Material Handling Tranport, Lift and Warehouse Equipment.
Mobile Industries' material handling solutions include both walkie and rider electric pallet jack and stacker choices for you as a current and potential material handling dealer partner. Our line of semi and full electric pallet jacks and stackers are built to ensure that your customers maximize performance, improve operational efficiencies and reduce worker fatigue and injury.
These units offer the standard manual hand pump operations of lifting and lowering loads while combining the features of a self-propelled electric pallet jack allowing for the operators to transport loads easily and efficiently. The ESET33N provides you and your customers an economical alternative to other, more expensive electric pallet truck models while being suitable for a number of light-duty warehouse or similar applications. For increased operational range and mobility, this model comes with a built-in charger.
For more information on Mobile Industries' solution for your customers, visit our product page for our Powered, Manual Hand Pump Pallet Truck option.
Designed to be used on small delivery trucks that operate within cities, the EFET26N is an economical full electric pallet jack that incorporates a manual lowering mechanism to improve precision and careful fork descent. The full powered, self propelled movement adds an ease of transport of your customers' material handling needs. This compact unit has exceptional performance with its light-design in the back of trucks that are equipped with tailgates and lift-gates with its tight turning radius and high maneuverability. The EFET26N comes with an external charger with the option of being purchased with the recommended, additional battery to ensure that the operator has one battery that is always on charge while the unit is operating.
For more information on Mobile Industries' solution for your customers, visit our product page for our Affordable Electric Pallet Jack option.
These fully powered pallet jacks are affordable alternatives to the higher priced fully electric pallet truck models. This line features the powered operation of raising and lowering material handling loads while including a self propelled drive to improve the ease of transporting goods. With its built-in charger, the EFET33N has an increased mobility and operational range. As a battery saver, these units come with a battery discharge indicator that has an automatic cut off of the lift function when not in use. Its light-design and compact build makes it a perfect choice for a number of light-duty warehouse applications in addition to similar environments.
For more information on Mobile Industries' solution for your customers, visit our product page for our Affordable Walkie Powered Pallet Jack option.
The EFET33SC offers your customers a material handling equipment solution that keeps their efficiency in mind and will allow them to determine pallet load weights quickly and economically. Your commercial and industrial customers will benefit from their functionality and efficiency.
With a built-in weigh scale, our electric pallet jack scale is manufactured to include gross weighing, net weighing, total weight and zero correction. Rather than transferring loads to a platform scale, they can be weighed in transit. With easy-to-read, high-contrast LCD displays, shipping and receiving loads can be verified right on the pallet truck allowing for immediate and easy loading and transport. This is maximum efficiency for your customers.
For more information on Mobile Industries' solution for your customers, visit our product page for our Weight Scale Pallet Trucks option.
When it comes to all-around transportation and warehousing applications, the ESPT44WLH line is a top choice. With it's 4,400lb load capacity and small turning radius of 58.6", it is particularly exceptional in material handling applications where space is limited. Its long handle design makes it stand out in allowing for better operational control. Operators can safely lift and transport loads from an ergonomically and safe distances and heights. As a fully powered walkie pallet truck, operators can safely transport loads at its laden/unladen travel speed of 3.72mph. This unit has a powerful battery that also includes a sideways battery exchange option.
For more information on Mobile Industries' solution for your customers, visit our product page for our Powered Electric Long Handle Walkie Pallet Truck option.
The ESPT44N gives operators the choice between using it as a walkie or a rider pallet truck. This line of powered pallet jacks is specifically designed for material handling, lifting and transporting of heavy-duty loads. The main highlights of the pallet trucks are they are fully electric, self-propelled and high weight capacity. These features benefit the operators in allowing for efficient and safe, long-distance, long handling.
For more information on Mobile Industries' solution for your customers, visit our product page for our Powered Pallet Truck option.
As one of our highest capacity pallet jacks, the HESPT60N is able to handle your heavy-load material applications in lifting and transporting loads of up to 6,000lb. These units are fully powered pallet trucks with full electric lifting abilities and fully self-propelled movement. The operator platform allows for maximized efficiency and safe load-handling principally, but not limited to, warehouse applications requiring long-distance transport.
For more information on Mobile Industries' solution for your customers, visit our product page for our Heavy Duty Powered Pallet Truck option.


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#ILikeBernie, and the Cluelessness of Hillary Clinton
We are all nobodies in Hillary Clinton's eyes
Keith Baldwin
In the 2016 Presidential Election, Hillary Clinton dominated the endorsement race.
She had the backing of every prominent Democratic figure within moments of declaring her candidacy, while Bernie Sanders and Martin O'Malley made do with the scraps. For the campaign of a politician like Martin O'Malley, that was a death sentence. His term as Mayor of Baltimore was famously dramatized on HBO's The Wire in the figure of Tommy Carcetti—an idealistic politician who sacrifices his values in service of his ambitions and the political machine. A politician like that needs the support of as many establishment backers as he can get, and the fact that Hillary Clinton was taking up all the air in that exclusive room left O'Malley with about 0.5% of the Iowa Caucuses. A politician like Bernie Sanders is another story.
NO, HILLARY CLINTON, NO. I have diligently avoided attacking @HillaryClinton as I embraced #NotMeUs. But this bro… https://t.co/J26S43Sv8D
For Bernie Sanders, grassroots support from ordinary voters matters far more than the support of powerful elites. That was his strength in 2016 with #FeelTheBern, and it remains his strength in 2020 with #ILikeBernie, and his army of volunteers and small dollar donors. Just as in 2016, Hillary Clinton doesn't seem to know how that works, and the citizens of Twitter desperately want to teach her with a flood of scathing responses to her recent quote that "nobody likes" Bernie—including at least one from a former Clinton advisor.
Do endorsements even matter next to this kind of enthusiasm from supporters? Despite scant endorsements from traditional kingmakers and power players, Sanders' 2016 campaign won in 21 states, garnered 46% of pledged delegates, and took the race all the way to the convention. Meanwhile, in the Republican primaries, Donald Trump collected very few high-profile endorsements—and almost no newspaper endorsements—while easily besting his opponents in state after state.
This is inexcusable. If Bernie wins the nomination, we all need to work our asses off to help him win. If someone e… https://t.co/kviFDX2ml3
— Tommy Vietor (@Tommy Vietor) 1579616947.0
Comparisons of Sanders to Trump are never far from the lips of many mainstream pundits, and while much of that tendency is built on a faulty "horseshoe" theory of politics (that the "far-left" and the far-right of the political spectrum bend toward each other), there is a kernel of truth hidden in there. Both Sanders and Trump built their political successes on a perception of authenticity. That's what made their fans so passionate, despite the lack of institutional support. But while Donald Trump is an erratic, unprincipled con-man who built that perception primarily on the basis of his shameless embrace of racist and sexist rhetoric—"he tells it like it is"—Bernie Sanders is seen as authentic because he's been consistently fighting for the same causes, with the same uncompromising vigor, for four decades.
Since he entered politics in the early 1980s, if not long before—the image of him as a young activist being arrested during a civil rights protest in Chicago speaks volumes—Bernie Sanders has been fighting for a vision of justice that most Americans have only recently come around to. A vision that embraces issues of race, gender, and sexuality, but also of class, and of the ways that those concepts interact. And it is precisely because of that commitment that voters love him while, within the political machine, "nobody likes him."
That's what Clinton said in an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, going on to claim of Sanders that "nobody wants to work with him, he got nothing done. He was a career politician." She was referring specifically to Sanders' role in Congress, but what she revealed is that she is still deep in denial about her 2016 loss.
While it's always important to point out that Clinton received nearly three million more votes than Donald Trump—and would have won the presidency if our electoral system wasn't holding onto a useless relic of our nation's worst historic crimes—it's still worth noting that her primary flaw as a candidate played a role in her poor performance in key states.
Bernie's base is primarily women, young people, low-income, & POC. We've been called "Residue", "Russian trolls",… https://t.co/FSPtRg0sGg
— Dynasty🌹🌺✊🏿 (@Dynasty🌹🌺✊🏿) 1579627942.0
She was and is perceived by many voters as inauthentic. She plays the political games too well and too willingly, adjusting her public and private stances to her audience. Someone who doesn't play at all, who—in Sanders' own words—doesn't "tolerate bullsh*t terribly well," must seem like a strange creature. Her issue with him is not that he is a "career politician," but that he built that career on a foundation of grass-roots support, rather than mutual political aid within the institutions of power. Why doesn't he just play ball?
In other contexts Clinton has made it clear that she still blames Sanders for Donald Trump's victory. The fact that Bernie's firm principles threw her pliability into such stark relief may have made her flaws more visible and played a role in her failed candidacy, but her latest comments make it clear that she doesn't believe in another way for politics to work. The backroom deals and the focus-tested positions are politics to her. The idea of actually trying to build a better system—one that works for justice for all people—is "all just baloney" to her, and she feels "so bad that people got sucked into it."
Bernie has the temperament to be President of the United States. He doesn't get angry when his "friends" backstab… https://t.co/rhAaAC6cG5
— Veronica Corrales (@Veronica Corrales) 1579637230.0
We feel bad for you too, Hillary. You were a career politician too, and you may have gotten your name on more bills than Bernie Sanders—and I'm sure your fellow senators were impressed with your work—but none of us can name one. Your lack of vision, and the political strategies cemented in the 90s prevented you from pushing for the kind of change that might have been your legacy. People will remember Bernie Sanders' Medicare for All, whether or not the bill ever receives a floor vote.
Visionary change must seem like baloney to someone who had fully adapted to political stagnation. Bernie was no more responsible for you being branded "Crooked Hillary" than you were responsible for Barack Obama being labeled a Muslim. In both cases the slander was an exaggeration of the real story. And while political weaknesses are fair game, the fact that your staffers chose to distribute the image of Obama in a turban in 2008 points to the flaw in your character—in the character of the people with whom you surround yourself and in your entire approach to politics—that Sanders' biggest fans rejected in you. The flaw that Trump capitalized on with that nickname.
So yes, by the standards you built your career on, Bernie Sanders is a failure, and "nobody" likes him. His authenticity and his principles are incompatible with the kind of glad-handing and ass-kissing that could have won him some more endorsements. Luckily for him, there are a lot of us nobodies in the world, and we don't just exist on Twitter behind the explosion of #ILikeBernie posts that emerged in response to your interview. We vote.
So when you're asked if you would endorse in the case that he wins the nomination—that you're "not going to go there yet," it's tempting to point to your hypocrisy, but the more important point is: We don't care. We've moved on from politicians like you.
Could a Sanders/Warren Ticket Be the Progressive Dream Team ... ›
Bernie Sanders ›
Bernie Sanders's Hard Fight for Hillary Clinton | The New Yorker ›
'Nobody likes' Bernie Sanders: Hillary Clinton comments on former ... ›
The anti-Bernie Sanders campaign being pushed by former Clinton ... ›
'Inexcusable': Hillary Clinton, Who Lost to Trump in 2016, Won't ... ›
Bernie Sanders on Clinton saying nobody likes him: 'My wife likes ... ›
Hillary Clinton on Sen. Bernie Sanders: 'Nobody likes him' - ABC News ›
Hillary Clinton Says 'Nobody Likes' Bernie Sanders and Declines to ... ›
#notmeus@hillaryclinton#bernietwitter.com#ilikebernie#nobodylikeshim#ilikeberniepicbernie sandershillary clintonbarack obamamartin o'malleythe wirehbotommy veitorpeter daouthe hollywood reporter2020 election


Question: Which nation does this prophecy speak about?There are certain prophecies in Old Jewish religious books which are totally incompatible with the theory that the Final Prophet, The Chosen One is a descendant of David.
These prophecies point to a non-Israelite prophet, someone from a different nation.
Muslims have always maintained that Muhammed [pbuh], the descendant of Ishmail and Abraham was the prophet mentioned in the Torah who God promised, will spread His words in the nations, and show the His light to the Gentiles.
#235 Your houses will I give to a people that shall come; which not having heard of me yet shall believe me; to whom I have shewed no signs, yet they shall do that I have commanded them.
I am a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, otherwise known as "Mormons". I was doing some personal study on how the Lord's covenant to Abraham would be fulfilled as described in Jacob 5 in the Book of Mormon. This chapter is an allegory attibuted to the writings of an ancient Israelite prophet named Zenos. This allegory was described by the Nephite prophet, Jacob, to his people who had settled in Ancient America. Jacob says its source is from plates of brass that his family brought from Jeruselem around 600 BC. Jacob's father Lehi, an Israelite prophet in Jeruselem, was instructed to flee Jeruselem's destruction and were led to America at that time. Shortly after their flight, Jeruselem was destroyed by the Babylonians.
"17 And now, my beloved, how is it possible that these, after having rejected the sure foundation, can ever build upon it, that it may become the head of their corner?
In other words, How can the House of Israel ever become as great in the last days as is prophesied if they will reject and crucify Christ? He then answers it with Zenos' Allegory.
I admit, that the veracity of the Book of Mormon is a question of personal acceptance, faith and testimony, unlike the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls. However, it does provide some unique insight into some of these questions. I believe it to be true and that it restores many of the plain and precious truths that were once available to ancient believers.
I have to admit that I am not well versed in the teachings of the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), so it might take me some time to better educate myself. I am, however, very much interested to know more about your scriptures, and how it relates to other Christian denominations, how it was transmitted, etc.
I have just visited the LDS website which is very resourceful. Can you please point me to other useful resources on the subjects above.
Thank you and welcome to my Hard Questions Blog.
Thank you for your kindness and for your invitation to provide more references. There is a more basic website for the neophyte wanting to educate themselves regarding our religion and its scripture.
I would also encourage you to read the books 1st and 2nd Nephi, as well as Jacob in the Book of Mormon (found on lds.org) These books will give you some terrific insight into God's purposes for the seed of Abraham and how He will fulfill His covenant with him.
You should read these books in the context of God the Father and Jesus Christ being two distinct personages. The Father being our Creator and father of our spirits, and Jesus being the Creator of the Earth and the heavens, the Only Begotten of the Father, the Savior of our souls (from sin as well as from death), and our God.
We see Jesus as our god and our father because of his grace in saving us from sin and temporal death. However, he is distinct from God the Father, to whom we pray. We believe Christ to be the head of our church who communicates to our modern day prophet and apostles via continuing revelation as he directs his church. Hence the name, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.
While reading the early books in the Book of Mormon, Jesus had yet to be born, and so therefore as of that time had no body. He is the one who visits the Nephite prophets Lehi, Nephi, and Jacob. It is he who visited the ancient prophets of the Old Testament. He later obtained his body as a result of a virgin birth which was begotten by the Father (who has an immortal and glorified body of flesh and bone). Christ visited the Nephites after his death as a resurrected being, having an immortal and glorified body like unto the Father's.
This is a very unique view we have of the nature of God that is not found in other Christian religions.
I hope this is helpful. I look forward to learning more of Islam and its relationship to Christianity and Judaism. I believe that tolerance and understanding of one another's beliefs is essential if we are to ever experience peace in our lifetimes.
Thank you for your comment and for the information.
I agree with you wholly about the need for mutual understanding and for tolerance of differences of opinions and beliefs.
I have a feeling that we will have a lively discussion that will enhance our knowledge of each other's faith.
"Question: Which nation does this prophecy speak about? There are certain prophecies in Old Jewish religious books which are totally incompatible with the theory that the Final Prophet, The Chosen One is a descendant of David.
My apology for the delay in moderating your comment. I am on a work trip and my access to the internet is limited.
Critics question whether even the main body of the book, not counting the chapters that exist only in the Latin version and in Greek fragments, has a single author. Kalisch, De Faye, and Charles hold that no fewer than five people worked on the text. However, Gunkel points to the unity in character and holds that the book is written by a single author; it's even possible that the so-called "Christian" chapters were originally in the work.
Even if the text is definitely of Christian origin, this – in itself – does not necessarily disqualify it from being a prophecy about Muhammed [pbuh]. Islamic traditions tells us that many Christians in the pre- Islamic era were expecting the appearance of Muhammed [pbuh], and the Quran clearly says that Jesus announced to his disciples that The Praised prophet will appear after him.
Thanks for your kind comment. I will read the verses you mentioned and see what I can write about my understanding of them, I promise.John 16: 7-13 are indeed a reference to prophet Muhammed (pbuh). Many Muslim scholars have disputed the translation and interpretation of the word "Paraclete" found in the verse.
thanks for your interesting response.
Gunkel appears to be the only scholar to asert a single author of the text, he may be right, but all(?) other scholars detect multiple authorship.
I agree that this 'does not necessarily disqualify it from being a prophecy about Muhammed [pbuh]'.
If you interpret the phrase "He is the son of God" in a way that Jews would have understood it, you would arrive at a different conclusion. Still there is the interesting notion in the prophecy that the new revelation will not be to the people of Israel but to ones who have seen "no prophets". This is what makes this prophecy interesting.
4 Ezra (the "apocalypse", i.e. chapters 3-14) was written some 30 years after the destruction of the 2nd Temple. Qumran (the site of the Dead Sea Scrolls) was destroyed by the Romans ca. 68 CE. There is no way that 4 Ezra was found among the scrolls. Here it starts and so it goes.


text:
Nijni Novgorod (en , ville nouvelle en contrebas) ou Nijni-Novgorod, à l'époque soviétique Gorki, est une des principales villes de Russie. Elle est située dans la partie centrale de la Russie européenne au confluent de la Volga et de l'Oka, à  à l'est-nord-est de la capitale du pays Moscou. Sa population s'élève à  en 2016, ce qui en fait la cinquième agglomération de Russie. La ville est la capitale de l'oblast de Nijni Novgorod, du district fédéral de la Volga et le centre économique de la région économique de Volga-Viatka.

Nijni Novgorod est fondée en  par le prince Iouri II de Vladimir. En , Kouzma Minine et le prince Dmitri Pojarski organisent une grande armée pour libérer Moscou et toute la Russie des Polonais. En , Nijni Novgorod est le plus grand centre commercial de l'Empire russe. En 1896 s'y déroule l'exposition russe de l'industrie et du commerce. Durant la période soviétique, la ville devient un important centre industriel. Elle est rebaptisée « Gorki ». On y construit l'usine d'automobiles de Gorki. Au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, hors de portée des troupes terrestres allemandes, Gorki devient le plus grand fournisseur d'équipements militaires pour le front. Pour cette raison, la Luftwaffe bombarde constamment la ville. La majorité des bombes allemandes explosent sur le territoire de l'usine d'automobiles. La plupart des sites de l'usine de production sont détruits mais les habitants reconstruisent l'usine en une centaine de jours. Après la guerre, Gorki devient une « ville fermée » à cause de ses usines d'armement. En 1985, la première ligne du métro est inaugurée. Au moment de la dislocation de l'Union soviétique, en 1990, la ville reprend son nom de l'époque tsariste, Nijni Novgorod.

Nijni Novgorod est aujourd'hui un centre politique, économique, scientifique et culturel important de la Russie. Elle est le plus grand carrefour routier et ferroviaire du district fédéral de la Volga et l'un des principaux centres du tourisme fluvial en Russie. Dans le centre-ville, il y a des universités, des églises, des musées et des théâtres. Le Kremlin est le principal monument de la ville.

Toponymie
Littéralement, Ниже Nijni signifie « (en contre-) bas » et Novgorod, contraction de Новый город, la « nouvelle ville ».

Historiquement, l'ensemble pourrait traduire la notion de « nouvelle ville sur les terres de la basse Volga », puisqu'à l'époque de sa fondation, elle était la dernière ville russe aux abords du fleuve.

Elle prend le nom de Gorki (en ) de 1932 à 1991 d'après le nom de l'écrivain Maxime Gorki, lequel est toujours en usage dans les gares russes.

Le gentilé pour un résident de Nijni Novgorod est  (nijegorodets) pour les hommes ou  (nijegorodka) pour les femmes, rendu en français comme Nijégorodien et Nijégorodienne, et non Novgorodien (gentilé pour les habitants de Novgorod).

Géographie

Nijni Novgorod se trouve au confluent de deux grands cours d'eau de la Russie européenne le fleuve Volga et son affluent la rivière Oka. La ville s'est entièrement construite sur la rive droite de la Volga, qui est plus élevée, donnant un meilleur abri contre les inondations. La ville s'étend par contre sur les deux rives de l'Oka opposant une ville haute et une ville basse. La partie historique édifiée à l'époque médiévale est située sur la rive droite de cette rivière au niveau du confluent. La première construction, un ouvrage défensif retranché, le Kremlin, a été édifié sur un plateau situé exactement au confluent des deux fleuves qui fournissaient des défenses naturelles contre les attaques du khanat de Kazan. Après la conquête de Kazan, les limites de la ville se sont étendues au-delà du Kremlin. Les premiers bâtiments d'un faubourg industrieux ont commencé à apparaître sur la colline de Saint-Elias puis sur la rive opposée de l'Oka où les bâtiments de la foire de Nijni Novgorod ont été construits. Dans le passé, cette partie était appelée le village de Kounavino (maintenant il s'agit de l'arrondissement de Kanavinski). La ville s'est développée en contrebas du plateau, sur les trois terrasses alluviales accumulées par l'action des deux cours d'eau : alors que leur lit se trouve à une altitude de 70 mètres, une première terrasse constituée de sables fins argileux se trouve à 76 mètres ; la deuxième terrasse composée de sables quartzeux est à 80 mètres, c'est la plus étendue ; la troisième terrasse située au nord-ouest de la ville et formant de petites éminences culmine à 85 mètres. Au  a eu lieu l'exposition panrusse, ce qui a donné lieu au développement de la zone de la foire et qui a été complétée par de nouveaux bâtiments pour de nouveaux projets de ville. Au , les villages de Kunavino et Sormovo sont incorporés dans la ville. La ville commence à s'étendre le long des deux rives de l'Oka. Cette expansion lui donne son aspect actuel. Elle divise la ville en deux parties : la ville haute (sur les hauteurs) et la ville basse (sur la rive opposée de l'Oka).

Nijni Novgorod est située à environ  à l'est-nord-est de la capitale du pays Moscou et à environ  à l'ouest-nord-ouest de Kazan.

Climat

Le climat à Nijni Novgorod est continental comme dans la majeure partie de la Russie centrale. L'hiver est nettement plus froid que dans la partie occidentale de l'Europe qui bénéficie de l'effet modérateur de l'océan Atlantique. La neige recouvre le sol en moyenne 152 jours par an. Le manteau neigeux atteint en moyenne une épaisseur de  en février (hauteur maximum : ). L'été est chaud et pluvieux.
 Température record la plus froide:  ()
 Température record la plus chaude:  ()
 Nombre moyen de jours avec de la neige dans l'année: 127
 Nombre moyen de jours de pluie dans l'année: 133
 Nombre moyen de jours avec de l'orage dans l'année: 27
 Nombre moyen de jours avec tempête de neige dans l'année: 20

Histoire

De 1221 à 1408

La ville de Nijni Novgorod est fondée en 1221 au confluent de la Volga avec son affluent l'Oka par le grand-duc Iouri Vsevolodovitch de la principauté de Vladimir-Souzdal pour assurer la défense des frontières russes contre les Mordves, Maris et Tatars.

La destruction des principales villes de la Russie kiévienne qui fait suite à l'invasion mongole (1223) épargne Nijni Novgorod car ce n'est encore qu'une agglomération de petite taille. Ce sursis permit à la ville de devenir l'un des grands centres de la vie politique russe sous le joug tatar.

Vers 1350, le grand duc Dimitri III transfère à Nijni Novgorod la capitale de la puissante principauté de Vladimir-Souzdal avec l'intention d'en faire une rivale de Moscou. Il fait construire une citadelle en pierre et plusieurs églises. À sa demande, la plus ancienne chronique de l'histoire russe appelée Chronique de Laurentius est écrite par le moine Laurentius en 1377. La principauté occupe alors un territoire très étendu : à l'est, les frontières de la principauté sont délimitées par la Soura (affluent de la Volga) et au sud-est et au sud par la Piana (affluent de la Soura) et la Serioja (affluent de la Tiocha) ; à l'ouest, le territoire s'étend jusqu'aux rives de l'Oka et aux affluents de la Kliazma, incluant ainsi les villes de Souzdal et Chouïa. La forteresse de Kourmich, fondée en 1372 était au cœur des fortifications bordant l'est du territoire. Tout au long des frontières sont édifiées de petites forteresses situées sur des îles, dans lesquelles vivaient des frontaliers. Des ruines de ces forteresses ont été découvertes le long de la rivière Piana dans les raïons Boutourlinski et Sergatchski.

En 1377, des hordes tatares et mongoles prennent Nijni Novgorod. Au cours de la bataille sur les rives de la rivière Piana, les troupes russes subissent de lourdes pertes face au fils du chef de la horde, Arapchi. Dimitri III se réfugie dans la ville de Souzdal tandis que les Nijnégorodiens fuient vers les villes voisines. Nijni Novgorod est incendiée.

Pendant la période du joug tatar, Vassili  unit en 1392 la principauté de Nijni Novgorod à la principauté plus puissante de Moscou. Par la suite, Vassili III, le successeur du prince de Moscou Dimitri Donskoï, rachète à la Horde d'or une partie des terres de la principauté nijnégorodienne.

De 1408 à 1917

Après avoir été détruite en 1408 par le chef tatar Edigueï, la ville est reconstruite et devient un point d'appui dans la guerre contre les Tatars de Kazan. Le Kremlin de Nijni Novgorod, énorme forteresse en briques rouges, est construit entre 1508 et 1511 : il s'agit d'une des plus anciennes et plus importantes forteresses préservées en Russie. Le Kremlin résistera aux sièges tatars de 1508 et 1531.

En 1612, c'est Kouzma Minine, un marchand de Nijni Novgorod, à la tête de la milice nationale, qui chasse les troupes polonaises de Moscou mettant fin à la période des troubles et permettant à la dynastie des Romanov de s'installer sur le trône de Russie. Au cours du siècle qui suit, la ville devient un centre commercial prospère dans lequel s'installe la famille Stroganov, la plus riche des maisons marchandes russes. Un style architectural et pictural (icône) spécifique, connu sous l'appellation de style Stroganov, se développe à la fin du  et au début du .

La foire de Saint-Macaire, le  du calendrier julien, qui se déroulait dans les semaines qui suivaient chaque année au monastère de Saint-Macaire, jusqu'à son incendie en 1816, est déplacée l'année suivante dans le village de Grivka, sur la berge de l'Oka à l'opposé de Nijni. Elle prend alors le nom de Nijni Novgorod et devient nijégorodienne. Grâce à celle-ci, qui atteint bientôt une renommée mondiale, la ville ainsi que les villages avoisinants connaissent un développement économique rapide. Au , on disait : Saint-Pétersbourg est la tête de la Russie, Moscou son cœur et Nijni Novgorod son porte-monnaie.

Les quartiers de la foire devient un grand centre d'échanges, et de nombreuses industries s'y installeront par la suite. Le premier réseau d'approvisionnement en eau est créé dans la ville en 1847. Un important centre industriel est construit dans les environs de Nijni Novgorod, à Sormovo en 1849. Plus tard, il sera plus connu sous le nom d'« usine de Sormovo », et pendant la période soviétique sous le nom de Krasnoïé Sormovo (Sormovo rouge). À partir de 1850, l'usine produit des bateaux, et jusqu'à la révolution de 1917 diversifie ses activités notamment avec la production de wagons, de locomotives, de tramways et de diverses autres machines. Grâce à son usine, Sormovo devint rapidement un grand centre industriel.

L'écrivain français Alexandre Dumas fait escale en 1858 à Nijni Novgorod au cours de son voyage en Russie, qu'il décrira dans son livre De Paris à Astrakhan. La ville est également visitée par le poète français Théophile Gautier. Astolphe de Custine en fait une description assez détaillée dans son livre La Russie en 1839, lettre 33, et Jules Verne dans Michel Strogoff (1876).

La construction de la ligne de chemin de fer Moscou - Nijni Novgorod est achevée en 1862 ; elle est prolongée en 1895 jusqu'à Sormovo.

La ville accueille l' en 1896. À l'occasion de cet événement, la première ligne de tramway de la ville est construite. C'est le second tramway construit dans tout l'Empire russe. Le premier radio-récepteur au monde y est également présenté par l'ingénieur Popov, ainsi que d'autres avancées technologiques. Les constructions innovatrices et exquises de Vladimir Choukhov honorent toujours beaucoup de villes à travers l'ancien Empire russe. Choukhov conçoit huit pavillons d'exposition recouverts d'un treillis de coquilles (application de technique de couvertures pré-tendues, sous forme de structures de coquille mince) pour la foire de Nijni Novgorod de 1896, couvrant une superficie de  et comportant une tour hyperboloïde.

De 1917 à 1991

Après la révolution russe d'octobre 1917, le pouvoir soviétique s'installe dans la ville dès l'automne 1917. En 1919, les agglomérations de Kounavino et de Sormovo reçoivent le statut de ville. Kounanivo prend peu après le nom de "Kananivo". Mais en 1929 les deux villes sont dissoutes et leur territoire est fusionné dans le grand Nijni Novgorod, qui forme aujourd'hui l'arrondissement (raïon) administratif de Nijni Novgorod. L'ancien découpage administratif du pays en gouvernements est aboli. Le gouvernement de Nijni Novgorod disparaît et est remplacée par le « kraï de Nijni Novgorod » (Nijégorodski kraï), dont Nijni Novgorod devient la capitale.

En 1932, Nijni Novgorod est rebaptisée Gorki, du nom de l'écrivain soviétique Maxime Gorki qui y était né. Le territoire éponyme est rebaptisé de la même manière. Les années 1930 sont une période d'intense développement de l'industrie : en 1932, l'Usine d'automobiles de Gorki (nom commercial Gaz, pour Gorkovski Avtomobilny Zavod) commence sa production ainsi que le constructeur d'avions Sokol. Devenue un important centre de production d'armements, l'agglomération est alors fermée aux étrangers et le resta jusqu'en 1991.

Le kraï de Gorki (Gorkovski kraï) est restructuré en 1933. Gorki devient le centre d'une région portant son nom (Gorkovskaïa oblast). Le premier pont permanent entre les deux rives de la rivière Oka est construit réunissant les principaux quartiers de la ville jusqu'alors séparée en deux par ce fleuve. Le premier pont ferroviaire est également construit sur la Volga. Celui-ci permet désormais la liaison de la ville avec l'Oural et la Sibérie.

Les bombardements de Gorki

Durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la ville devient le plus grand centre de production d'armement du pays. On y construit des tanks, des avions, ainsi que les fameuses roquettes katioucha. De 1941 à 1943, l'aviation allemande bombarde 47 fois la ville pour détruire les usines d'armements. La ville a été fortement endommagée. Plusieurs milliers de personnes sont mortes et de nombreux blessés sont restés handicapés.

Le raid aérien le plus destructeur a eu lieu en 1943. Pendant plusieurs jours de bombardement, l'usine automobile de Gorki a été complètement détruite. De nombreuses institutions sociales et étatiques ont été gravement endommagées. Il y avait des tentatives pour percer et détruire le Kremlin. L'attaque aérienne du 4 au  était inattendue tant pour les citoyens de Gorki que pour les pilotes allemands. Dans la matinée du , les Allemands ont étudié les cartes de Gorki. Des plans de vol et des tactiques de bombardement ont été développés. Initialement, les officiers de la Wehrmacht pensaient que Moscou serait la cible, mais plus tard il est devenu clair que l'attaque était sur le plus grand centre industriel. Les premiers avions allemands ont largué plusieurs bombes aériennes brillantes au-dessus de Gorki. Afin de désorienter la défense aérienne soviétique et de ne pas laisser savoir quel est l'objet principal du bombardement, des bombes sont larguées simulatanément sur les quatre arrondissements: Avtozavodski, Leninski, Stalinski et Kaganovitchski. En outre, .

Les bombardements de Gorki est l'action la plus destructrice sur l'arrière de l'Union soviétique pendant la guerre. Malgré cela, la ville n'a jamais reçu le titre de « Ville héros » ou « Ville de la gloire militaire ».

Après la guerre

Le , la ville est devenue fermée en raison du grand nombre d'entreprises de défense secrète sur son territoire.

Des années 1960 à 1980, la ville se développe considérablement comme toutes les villes soviétiques avec la construction des nouveaux quartiers populaires constitués d'immenses barres d'immeubles. Le métro de Gorki est inauguré en 1985.

À l'époque soviétique, le réseau de transport et l'infrastructure de la ville ont été créés. Sa mauvaise conception est une des causes des problèmes de transport et infrastructurels actuels. Des villes-dortoirs surpeuplées ont été construites dans la Ville basse, près des usines où travaillaient les citoyens. Cela limitait le besoin en transport vers les autres arrondissements de la ville ou vers l'autre rive de l'Oka. La ville basse de Gorki des années 1950 comprenait plusieurs usines, chacune entourée de communes urbaine et de quartiers. Des terrains vagues séparent ces ensembles centrés sur les usines. Si les quartiers étaient interconnectés par des routes, les transports en commun ne les reliaient que très partiellement. Il en va de même entre les arrondissements. Ils étaient principalement destinés à se déplacer à l'intérieur d'un quartier.

Au tournant des , les lacunes d'un tel système se manifestent : un nombre important de la population des micro-districts de la ville basse se mettant à travailler et à étudier dans la ville haute et vice versa. Ce système de transport urbain fonctionne jusqu'à présent, sans prendre en compte les réalités urbaines modernes et l'augmentation du trafic.

Le physicien nucléaire Andreï Sakharov, un des dissidents russes les plus connus, est assigné à résidence dans la ville entre 1980 et 1986 pour s'être élevé contre l'entrée des troupes soviétiques en Afghanistan.

Période contemporaine

En 1991, après la dislocation de l'Union soviétique, la ville reprend son nom initial : Nijni Novgorod.

De 1991 à 1997, Boris Nemtsov fut le premier gouverneur de l'oblast de Nijni Novgorod. Le , Nijni Novgorod fut l'une des trois villes, avec Moscou et Saint-Pétersbourg, où la manifestation du mouvement d'opposition à Vladimir Poutine (nommé une marche du désaccord) devait avoir lieu mais ne fut pas autorisée. Le centre-ville fut bloqué par les forces de l'ordre, certains participants furent interpellés avant de rejoindre le lieu prévu pour la manifestation. Une petite manifestation eut néanmoins lieu avant d'être réprimée par les miliciens.

Le centre d'affaires de la ville est formé dans sa partie historique. Cependant, il y a des rues trop étroites et des bâtiments historiques bas. Au début des années 2000, le centre de la ville a commencé à être construit avec des immeubles résidentiels et de bureaux à plusieurs étages. Les incendies de vieux bâtiments en bois sont également un problème du centre-ville.

À la fin du , les technologies de l'information ont commencé à se développer dans la ville, de nombreuses entreprises commerciales ont été ouvertes dans le domaine de la fourniture de services de communication mobile, l'Internet et le développement de logiciels. Nijni Novgorod est devenu l'un des plus grands centres informatiques russes, maintenant ce statut pendant plusieurs années. Au cours de l'expansion de la sphère de l'information, le technoparc Ankoudinovka a été établi dans la ville.

Depuis , en travaillant activement pour résoudre le problème des centres de transport dans le centre de Nijni Novgorod: les approches des ponts sont en expansion et en amélioration. En raison des embouteillages sur le pont de Borski, en , un télécabine a été construit. Elle a connecté Nijni Novgorod et Bor ensemble. Son trafic quotidien est d'environ . En 2013, la première ligne de la ligne de réseau express régional a été lancée, qui est une alternative à la ligne de métro du l'arrondissement de Sormovski et à la gare de Nijni Novgorod.

En 2018, la ville a accueilli la Coupe du monde de football. À la suite de cet événement, la ville a beaucoup changé. Un nouveau stade a été construit sur la pointé d'Oka et Volga. Le schéma de transport de la ville a été modifié. Le , la 15ème station de métro Strelka a été ouverte. Le centre historique et le quartier de la foire ont été rénovés. Un nouveau terminal aéroportuaire a également été construit et la gare principale a été reconstruite. De nouvelles routes et terminaux de bus sont apparus.

Le  anniversaire de Nijni Novgorod
Le  anniversaire de Nijni Novgorod est un évènement à grande échelle, qui a été célébré en 2021.
Le , le président de la Russie Vladimir Poutine a signé le décret célébrant 800 ans depuis de la fondation de Nijni Novgorod.

À propos de la date de célébration
Selon la version officielle, l'année de la fondation de Nijni est 1221. Les premières données sont apparues dans la chronique de Lavrenti du  :
Le Jour de la ville est célébré le troisième samedi d'août.
Le point culminant de la célébration du  anniversaire aura lieu du 19 au , les dates les plus approximatives de la date réelle de la fondation de la ville.

Programme de préparation à l'anniversaire
Les principaux domaines de préparation :
 Programme d'infrastructure : « Ville 800 »
 Programme d'attraction des résidents : « Équipe 800 »
 « Bénévoles 800 »
 « Multimédia 800 »
 Programme social : « 800 bonnes actions »
 Programme événementiel

Ville 800
Le programme d'infrastructure « Ville 800 » recharge l'espace urbain et crée de nouveaux lieux d'attraction. Le programme comprend trois zones : #Symboles800, #Réstoration800 et #Environnement800.

« Symboles 800 » : transformation et remplissage avec de nouvelles significations des lieux urbains clés. Ceci comprend sept objets :

 Kremlin de Nijni Novgorod,
 parc « La Suisse »,
 entrepôts sur la Strelka,
 ancienne usine « Maïak »,
 palais des Pionniers de Tchkalov,
 grand escalier de Tchkalov
 nouvel objet « École 800 ».

« Environnement 800 » contient 33 objets et tout le territoire, ainsi que la construction d'une intersection de circulation dans le quartier Sormovsky.
Dans le cadre de la direction Restauration 800 , 69 maisons sont en cours de restauration au centre historique situées sur toutes les rues clés de l'ancienne Nijni.

Équipe 800
Le projet Équipe 800 donne à chaque habitant de Nijni Novgorod l'opportunité de mettre en œuvre son projet. Depuis mai 2019, les résidents ont soumis plus de 350 offres sur le portail Nijni 800. 40 personnes ont reçu un soutien d'expert et peuvent compter sur des subventions de  de roubles.

800 bonnes actions
Le projet 800 bonnes actions forme une culture d'entraide et de bon voisinage, unit des habitants de Nijni Novgorod dans les domaines de la charité et du bénévolat. Le projet comprend une plateforme de financement participatif, une formation dans une école philanthropique en ligne pour des entreprises à but non lucratif et des citoyens.

Bénévoles 800
Jusqu'à 800 bénévoles sont impliqués dans l'organisation d'événements et de projets clés. Tout le monde peut être bénévole  à partir de l'âge de 16 ans, quelle que soit sa nationalité. Plus d'un an avant la fête, 547 personnes ont déposé des candidatures de bénévoles sur le portail Nijni 800.

Programme évènementiel
Le premier événement de masse dans la ville a eu lieu en mai 2019 : GorkyClassic Nijni 800, auquel ont participé plus d'une centaine de voitures rares et 250 participants de différents pays.
Le programme événementiel aborde différents domaines de la vie des citoyens:
 culture et art (festival de musique académique Opus 52, Mayak Jazz & Dvor , le Festival du cinéma urbain)
 sport (festival de moto ,  Championnat d'Europe de skateboard, soutien au match de qualification Championnat d'Europe 2020 Russie - Chypre, festivals d'aéronautique) ;
 écologie (festival Botanica) ;
 éducation et programme commercial (conférences Intervals talk, forum NHP : Transformation, sessions stratégiques sur le développement de la production cinématographique et vidéo).
Le thème du  anniversaire de Nijni résonne aussi lors d'événements internationaux. C'est ainsi que le pavillon du  anniversaire de Nijni Novgorod lors du forum « La Russie est une puissance sportive » a été visité par Vladimir Poutine. C'est alors que le gouverneur de la région de Nijni Novgorod, Gleb Nikitine, a présentéau président le concept de rechargement de l'espace urbain emblématique, Strelka.
Le point culminant de la fête sera un grand spectacle au stade Nijni Novgorod à la mi-août.

En l'honneur de l'anniversaire, en 2021, seront émisdes pièces précieuses commémoratives de la Banque de Russie.

Population
La population de l'agglomération de Nijni Novgorod est estimée à  en 2007, ce qui en fait la troisième agglomération de Russie. Voir également Liste des agglomérations européennes. Comme dans beaucoup de villes russes, la situation démographique de Nijni Novgorod s'est dégradée au cours des années 1990 à la suite du changement de régime pour des raisons économiques. Le taux de natalité a légèrement diminué, passant de 10,7 pour mille en 1990 à 8,8 pour mille en 2005 alors que le taux de mortalité passait de 11,4 à 17,5 pour mille. Le solde naturel s'est fortement dégradé, passant de –0,7 pour mille en 1990 à –8,7 pour mille en 2005. Recensements (*) ou estimations de la population

Religion

Les habitants sont principalement de religion orthodoxe.
Il existe quelques mosquées, une paroisse catholique et une synagogue dans la ville.

Administration

La ville comprend deux sous-ensembles : la ville haute située sur la rive droite de l'Oka qui comprend le centre historique et est découpée en trois districts et la ville basse située sur la rive gauche de l'Oka qui comprend cinq districts.

Transports

La ville est un important carrefour du point de vue du transport fluvial, des chemins de fer et des routes. La ville est traversée par l'autoroute de la Volga. Plusieurs ponts traversent l'Oka, comme le pont de Myza ou le pont de Kanavino.

Le principal système de transport en commun est le métro de Nijni Novgorod qui comprend deux lignes d'une longueur totale de 21,3 km () et qui comporte 15 stations. La gare de Nijni Novgorod-Moscou, principale gare de la ville est importante sur le Transsibérien. La télécabine de Nijni-Novgorod, téléphérique passant au-dessus de la Volga et reliant Nijni Novgorod à Bor a été ouvert en 2012. Le  a été lancée la première ligne du Réseau express régional (RER). Elle a relie l'arrondissement de Sormovski et la gare de Nijni Novgorod. Cela en fait une alternative à la ligne de métro à Sormovo. A un correspondance à la station de métro Moskovskaïa. Une deuxième ligne a été ouverte, qui reliant les deux rives de l'Oka, a été ouverte par la suite. Des trains l'empruntent depuis la gare de Nijni Novgorod jusqu'à la gare de Myza (l'arrondissement de Priokski). Cependant, cela ne fonctionne que pendant l'été en raison de la demande accrue pour les voyages de banlieue.

L'aéroport international de Nijni Novgorod est l'unique aéroport de la ville et le principal de l'oblast, il est situé dans l'arrondissement d'Avtozavodski, à  au sud-ouest du centre-ville. Il est relié à la ville par le bus n°11, puis le métro. La ligne de chemin de fer Nijni Novgorod - Arzamas passe non loin de l'aéroport, mais n'est pas directement relié. Une gare est à l'étude.

Économie et industrie

Nijni-Novgorod est un grand centre de l'industrie automobile avec le constructeur GAZ qui est le principal acteur économique de la ville. Les activités de constructions de machines, métallurgiques et d'industrie légère (fabrication de bateaux, radios) jouent également un rôle important. Elle est également connue comme un des principaux centres russes du complexe militaro-industriel russe dont en particulier le constructeur d'avions MiG. Le troisième pôle d'emplois industriels est l'énergie, avec l'exploitation des produits dérivés du pétrole et du charbon, le raffinage et la production d'électricité. En 2016 Vladimir Poutine a inauguré une nouvelle usine de production de PVC qui est une coentreprise entre l'entreprise belge Solvay et la société russe Sibur.

Culture

Deux académies sont présentes à Nijni Novgorod : le théâtre académique d'opéra et de ballet Pouchkine, ainsi qu'un théâtre de marionnettes. Sont présents également des théâtres comiques, dramatiques, le principal étant le théâtre dramatique Gorki, des musées, des salles d'expositions, ainsi qu'une Alliance française.

Parmi les musées de la ville il faut noter le Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nijni Novgorod. Le  musée Dobrolioubov est consacré à l'homme de lettres Nikolaï Dobrolioubov et se trouve dans la maison natale de l'écrivain.

La ville est classée par l'UNESCO parmi les cent villes faisant partie du patrimoine mondial de l'humanité (Valeur culturelle et artistique).

Universités
 Université d'État Lobatchevski de Nijni Novgorod (fondée en 1916)
 Université technique d'État de Nijni Novgorod Rostislav Alekseïev (fondée en 1917)
 Université de médecine de la Volga (fondée en 1920)
 Université d'État d'agriculture de Nijni Novgorod
 Université d'État linguistique Dobrolioubov de Nijni Novgorod
 Université d'État d'architecture et de construction de Nijni Novgorod
 Université d'État des transports fluviaux de Nijni Novgorod
 Université pédagogique d'État de Nijni Novgorod
 Institut du FSB de Nijni Novgorod
 Conservatoire Glinka de Nijni Novgorod

Patrimoine architectural

Architecture civile

Les principaux monuments de Nijni Novgorod sont :
 Le Kremlin, ensemble architectural principal de la ville. Sa construction date du  (1515), son enceinte fait  de circonférence et comporte treize tours. Elle a été plusieurs fois assiégée par le khanat de Kazan, mais personne ne pouvait s'en emparer. Maintenant, c'est le principal foyer culturel et politique du district de la Volga. Les autorités régionales et municipales sont situées ici, ainsi que l'administration du représentant autorisé du président de la fédération de Russie. Plusieurs musées et monuments se trouvent à l'intérieur du kremlin. On peut également y voir la flamme du soldat inconnu de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et d'anciens chars utilisés pendant la guerre. Le kremlin abrite une cathédrale du .
 La foire. Autrefois, une des foires les plus importantes d'Europe et vitrine commerciale de l'Empire russe. Aujourd'hui les anciens pavillons centraux de la foire abritent une exposition permanente multimédia intitulée La Russie est mon histoire.
 Le théâtre dramatique
 Le grand escalier de Tchkalov
 La gare de Nijni Novgorod
 La rue Bolchaïa Pokrovskaïa, rue du centre-ville. Avant la Révolution, elle était considérée comme une rue élégante en raison du fait que les membres de la noblesse locale et des politiciens les plus respectés y habitaient et qu'il y avait l'Assemblée de la Noblesse de Nijni Novgorod. Maintenant, la rue est un ensemble de maisons anciennes du XIXe siècle.
 La rue Rojdestvenskaïa, avec l'église de la Nativité-de-la-Sainte-Vierge.
 Le monument de Minine et Pojarski
Entre Nijni Novgorod et Dzerjinsk, ville satellite de Nijni Novgorod, se trouve une tour hyperbolique de  de hauteur. Cette tour métallique fut construite en 1929 par le savant et ingénieur russe Choukhov. C'est une des deux dernières tours multi-étages en Russie, la seconde se trouvant à Moscou.

Édifices religieux

 La cathédrale Saint-Alexandre-Nevski. La cathédrale est située sur l'ancien territoire de la foire de Nijni Novgorod. C'est l'un des symboles non officiels de la ville, avec la tour Dmitrovskaïa du Kremlin, l'escalier Tchkalov et la foire.
 L'église de la Nativité-de-la-Sainte-Vierge est une église orthodoxe russe, située rue Rojdestvenskaïa (rue de la Nativité). Elle a été construite en 1696-1719 sur les fonds du marchand Grigori Stroganov. C'est l'un des meilleurs exemples du style Stroganov, elle a le statut de monument d'architecture d'importance fédérale.
 La cathédrale de la Transfiguration. La cathédrale est située sur le territoire de la foire de Nijni Novgorod. On l'appelle aussi la « cathédrale de l'Ancienne Foire » parce qu'elle a été construite plus tôt que la cathédrale Saint-Alexandre-Nevski sur la flèche (la Strelka).
 Le monastère de l'Annonciation. Le plus ancien monastère de Nijni Novgorod, fondé au début du XIIIe siècle. Situé dans l'arrondissement de Nijegorodski, sur la rive droite de l'Oka près de sa confluence dans la Volga.
 L'église Saint-Jean. L'une des plus anciennes églises orthodoxes de la ville, mentionnée au XVe siècle. L'église en pierre a été consacrée en 1683 et de nouveau le . Au temps des troubles (en 1612), c'est depuis le porche de cette église que Kouzma Minine a exhorté les citoyens de Nijni Novgorod à libérer Moscou de l'intervention polonaise.
 L'église de l'Ascension. Elle est située dans la rue Ilinskaïa (Saint-Élie). L'église en pierre a été construite sur les fonds des paroissiens et des bienfaiteurs au début du XVIIIe siècle. L'église a été fermée à la fin des années 1920, le bâtiment servait d'entrepôt et de logement. Jusqu'en 2004, il y avait un entrepôt de bibliothèque. En 2003, l'église a été rendue à l'Église orthodoxe russe.
 L'église Saint-Élie. Construite en mémoire de la libération de Nijni Novgorod des attaques des Tatars et des Nogaïs en 1505. Cette église a donné le nom à l'une des rues historiques de la ville - la rue Ilinskaïa.
 La grande mosquée. Il s'agit de la mosquée principale de Nijni Novgorod. La mosquée a été ouverte en 1915 et est située sur le quai de Kazan.
 L'église du Tout-Miséricordieux-Sauveur. Cette église orthodoxe a été construite en mémoire du sauvetage de la famille de l'empereur Alexandre III, le  lors d'un accident de train sur la ligne de chemin de fer Koursk-Kharkov. L'empereur Alexandre III avait en sa possession une copie de l'ancienne icône miraculeuse du Sauveur de Vologda.

Sports

Équipements sportifs

Dans le centre de la ville tout près du confluent de deux grandes rivières l'Oka et la Volga (Strelka), le stade de classe internationale NIJNI NOVGOROD est situé. Cette arène a accueilli six matchs de la Coupe du Monde de football 2018. Après ce tournoi, le stade deviendra un complexe multifonctionnel.

Équipes
Basket-ball
 BK Nijni Novgorod (depuis 2000)

Football
 Lokomotiv Nijni Novgorod (1916-2006)
 Volga Nijni Novgorod (1998-2016)
 Spartak Nijni Novgorod (2001-2007)
 FK Nijni Novgorod (2007-2012)
 FK Nijni Novgorod (depuis 2015)

Hockey sur glace
 Torpedo Nijni Novgorod (depuis 1947)
 HK SKIF (depuis 2000)

Volley-ball
 Goubernia Nijni Novgorod (depuis 2008)

Événements sportifs

Nijni Novgorod est une des villes russes qui accueille la Coupe du monde de 2018. À cet égard, la ville subit de sérieux changements. Surtout, la flèche (la Strelka) est en train de se transformer. À ce stade, la construction d'un nouveau stade est en cours, a été enlevé l'ancien port fluvial de la cargaison, un nouveau parc sera créé et un nouveau remblai est en cours de construction. De nouvelles routes, des centres de transport et un nouveau pont sont en cours de construction ici. En outre, les routes sont réparées dans toute la ville. Le centre historique est également transformé. Il y a une restauration à grande échelle des vieilles rues et des bâtiments, de nouveaux musées ouvrent, des hôtels sont construits et des parcs sont en cours de reconstruction. En 2016, le contournement sud de la ville a été ouvert (le même que la MKAD). En 2017, le plus grand projet a été construit - le deuxième pont de Borski et de nouveaux échangeurs de transport à l'entrée d'autres villes.

Espaces verts
Jardin Alexandre, 35 hectares ;
Parc Avtozavodski (de l'Usine automobile), 69,6 hectares ;
Jardin botanique ;
Parc Doubki, 23 hectares ;
Jardin du Gouverneur ;
Parc Koulibine, 12 hectares ;
Parc Pouchkine, 9,8 hectares ;
Parc de la Victoire, au bord de la Volga.

Personnalités

 Vladimir Achkenazi (né en 1937), pianiste et chef d'orchestre.
 Mili Balakirev (1837-1910), compositeur, membre du Groupe des Cinq.
 Nikolai Nikolaevich Bogoliubov (1909-1992), mathématicien.
 Ivan Boubnov (1872-1919), ingénieur militaire, concepteur des premiers sous-marins russes
 Catherine de Hueck Doherty (1896-1985), fondatrice de la Maison de la Madone.
 Maxime Gorki (1868-1936), écrivain. La ville fut nommée Gorki en son honneur entre 1932 et 1990.
 Constantin Kousnetzoff (1863-1936), peintre.
 Pavel Lednev (1943-2010), pentathlonien, septuple médaillé olympique.
 Igor Levit (né en 1987), pianiste.
 Nikolaï Lobatchevski (1792-1856), mathématicien, père de la géométrie non euclidienne.
 Marina Orlova (née en 1980), philologue et célébrité du web.
 Sergei Petrovich Novikov (né en 1938), mathématicien.
 Serhii Plokhy (né en 1957), historien.
 Valeri Rozov (1964-2017), Base jumper.
 Irina Slavina (1973-2020), nom de plume d'Irina Mourakhtaïeva, est une journaliste russe.
 Daniil Trifonov (né en 1991), pianiste.
 Natalia Vodianova (née en 1982), mannequin et actrice.
 Anne Vyalitsyna (née en 1986), mannequin.

Divers
Un fait curieux - depuis la parution du livre d'Alexandre Griboïedov L'Ennui de l'esprit (Горе от ума), en 1831, il existe une expression tirée de cette pièce de théâtre : « mélange des langues française et nijégorodienne » (смешенье языков: французского с нижегородским), appliquée à quelqu'un qui parle mal une langue étrangère mais se croit très fort.

Jumelages

Galerie
La Ville Haute (rive droite de l'Oka)

La Ville Basse (rive gauche de l'Oka)

La banlieue

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 District fédéral de la Volga

Liens externes
  Site officiel de l'administration de Nijni Novgorod
  Site officiel de l'assemblée municipale (douma) de Nijni Novgorod
  Site officiel 800e anniversaire de Nijni Novgorod

Capitale de sujet fédéral en Russie
Ville universitaire en Russie
Ville récipiendaire de l'ordre de Lénine
Division administrative fondée en 1221
Maxime Gorki

Changement de nom de ville dans l'Histoire

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
LPG crisis forces closure of eateries
Published: 12:00 am Aug 06, 2008
Kathmandu, August 5:
The shortage of Liquefied Petroleum Gas in the market has made it difficult for fast food cafés and restaurants to run their businesses. Many of them have shut shop.
With the crisis persisting for several months and the supply of the LPG cut to 20 per cent of the demand, restaurants have been hit hard. Kathmandu Food Mart, Maitidevi, could not run the restaurant for the full day today and was closed in the afternoon due to the gas shortage.
According to Niranjan Karki, a staffer, the restaurant had been struggling with the shortage for the past few weeks. "If we can't get the gas supply by tomorrow, we will be forced to close down," he said.
Alina's Bakery Café in New Baneshwor is going through the same crisis. Ramesh KC, in-charge of the café, said they were relying on electronic devices like heaters and microwave ovens to prepare food. They have stopped serving food items that consume time and more fuel.
He said the number of customers has also dwindled of late, as the cafe was forced to offer limited services due to fuel crisis. "We cannot manage it for long like this," he said.
Some restaurants are using charcoal, while others have cut down the menu. Still others are running the business only for half a day. Even many college canteens in the Valley have already been closed.
Ultimately, general people remain at the centre of the problem. Bibek Subedi of Kathford College, who was searching for a restaurant to eat something, said, "I finally found one, but they said they could only serve Bhatmas-Chiura or any cooked items."
Gyaneshwor Aryal, the general secretary of Nepal Gas Dealers' Association, said the situation was really grim as the import was merely 20 per cent of the total demand.
There are around 7,000 gas depots in the valley and they are getting a supply of only 15 to 20 cylinders in every two to three days, according to him.
In most of the depots, about 300 cylinders were in queue, Aryal said, adding that there were no signs of improvement in cooking gas supply for many days to come.


text:
Australians will have medals stripped if they protest against Russians
Drugs in sport
By Andrew Webster
Australian athletes who stage podium protests against Russian competitors at the Tokyo Olympics will have their medals stripped.
In other words, they will have to bite their medal and their tongues.
Given the simmering anger over the World Anti-Doping Agency's decision to allow some Russian athletes to compete at the Games - and the tendency of Australian athletes to speak louder than the rest of the world when it comes to doping - it's a point the Australian Olympic Committee will likely need to reinforce.
All eyes will surely be on Australian swimmer Mack Horton when the Australian team arrives in Japan after he refused to share a podium with controversial Chinese swimmer Sun Yang following the men's 400 metres at the world championships earlier this year.
WADA's executive committee has banned Russian national teams competing at major world championships for the next four years after an exhaustive forensic investigation revealed anti-doping authorities in Moscow had manipulated and hid laboratory data.
It might be the strongest sanction WADA has ever handed down, but in essence it's a ban on a tracksuit and a national anthem.
You cannot make this stuff up.
It might be the strongest sanction WADA has ever handed down, but in essence it's a ban on a tracksuit and a national anthem. Russian athletes will be allowed to compete in Tokyo under a neutral banner, just as they did at last year's Winter Olympics in PyeongChang.
Will the sight of another bunch of athletes wearing bland grey tracksuits be enough to appease a suspicious public about the cleanliness of the Olympic sport?
WADA insists "clean" Russian athletes will only be allowed to compete in Tokyo on the strictest of conditions.
They must show they've regularly returned negative results in and out of competition before arriving in Tokyo; they cannot have been named in the McLaren Report, which exposed a gobsmacking level of state-sponsored doping at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi; and they cannot have been implicated in the suspicious data that Moscow worked so clandestinely to cover up.
Australia's Mack Horton refuses to share the podium with Yang Sun at this year's swimming world championships in South Korea. Credit:AP
"While being tough on the authorities, this recommendation avoids punishing the innocent and instead stands up for the rights of clean athletes everywhere," said Jonathan Taylor, the chair of WADA's Compliance Review Committee. "If an athlete from Russia can prove that they were not involved in the institutionalised doping program, that their data were not part of the manipulation, that they were subject to adequate testing prior to the event in question, and that they fulfil any other strict conditions to be determined, they will be allowed to compete."
We understand the importance of fair play. We appreciate that it is too simplistic to smear every athlete from one country because of the actions of others. We don't want to hysterically point the finger at every Russian athlete, just as others have at Chinese swimmers in recent years because of that country's putrid history of systemic doping.
But if there was ever a case to enforce a blanket ban, from the top to the bottom, from athlete, coach, administrator, surely this was it.
Four years ago, the former head of Russia's anti-doping laboratory Grigory Rodchenkov revealed to WADA he had been the mastermind behind the decision to place a hole in the wall and swap dirty urine samples for clean ones during the Sochi Olympics.
The resulting McLaren Report prompted WADA to ban Russia for three years, including the Rio Olympics. The IOC in its infinite wisdom rejected WADA's recommendation a few weeks before the opening ceremony, instead handballing the decision onto the respective international federations.
Lilly King, left, eventually prevailed over Yulia Efimova but had some strong words for her Russian rival after being beaten in the Rio 100m breaststroke semis. Credit:AP
Some, like the IAAF, upheld the ban on Russian athletes. FINA did not and the atmosphere at the pool during those Olympics was palpable.
Russia's Yulia Efimova shook her finger in celebration after winning the semi-final in the 100m breaststroke, prompting American rival Lilly King to tell American journalists: "You're shaking your finger, number one, and you've been caught for drug cheating — I'm just not a fan".
The following night, after Efimova finished second to King, the crowd erupted in boos when Efimova took the podium to collect the medal.
Efimova burst into tears. It was hard not feel for her, as unpopular as that belief was that evening.
Sure, Efimova had tested positive in 2014 to steroids and banned for 16 months. But here was a 23-year-old athlete, who had been raised competing for a country responsible for the biggest state-sanctioned doping regime since East Germany in the 1960s and 1970s, wearing the world's frustrations.
And then Russia went and did it all again, and this time trying to cover it up in scenes you might read in a Tom Clancy novel.
"Russia was afforded every opportunity to get its house in order and rejoin the global anti-doping community for the good of its athletes and of the integrity of sport," WADA president Craig Reedie said. "But it chose instead to continue in its stance of deception and denial."
So why are their athletes competing? Russia will still win medals in Tokyo. A lot of them. They'll just be wearing a different tracksuit.
2020 Tokyo Olympics
Andrew Webster
Andrew Webster is Chief Sports Writer of The Sydney Morning Herald.


text:
I'm Not Dead
Click image to see track listing, lyrics, album information and Pink's Thank-You note
I'm Not Dead was Pink's fourth studio album. It was released on 4th April 2006 in the United States, to coincide the same release date of Pink's first album, Can't Take Me Home.
Originally title Long Way To Happy, it was scheduled for release in September 2005, however the album was delayed and its title changed to I'm Not Dead in order to match the comeback nature of the album, and its heavy tone in terms of lyrical content, strong language and edgy sound. I'm Not Dead is majorly a pop rock album, but includes country, alternative rock and R&B influences.
The release of I'm Not Dead was preceded by its controversial lead single, "Stupid Girls", a top 20 hit on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 the video of which earned Pink an MTV Video Music Award. The album's second and third singles, "Who Knew" and "U + Ur Hand", reached the top ten and revived the album's sales fortunes in the U.S., leading to a platinum certification from the RIAA for sales of one million. The two songs are also Pink's first two singles to achieve Platinum certifications. Subsequent regional singles include "Nobody Knows", "Leave Me Alone (I'm Lonely)" and "Dear Mr. President". A Platinum Edition of the album was issued with bonus tracks, remixes and a DVD.
Pink said she titled the album I'm Not Dead because "It's about being alive and feisty and not sitting down and shutting up even though people would like you to." She said it came from "the awakening" and how "it felt good to feel again … I turned twenty-five and I just kind of woke up and realized I have so much to learn, whereas before I thought I knew everything. That's definitely a huge part of that title." According to Pink, she did not expect to be very emotionally involved in the making of the album because the experience of making her last, Try This (2003), was "draining", but that she was "forced to be almost emotionally involved" by her collaborators, such as Billy Mann. "I guess I was just kind of at that place where I felt like I kind of had something to add to the world", she said. "I feel like there's a hole and I know how to fill it, people aren't talking trash anymore. I was just feeling really creative and really emotionally available again, and it came out great." According to her, she wrote more than forty songs for the album on "everything I could possibly think of." On December 4, 2007, an edition of the album titled I'm Not Dead: Platinum Edition was released.
Pink was inspired to write opening track "Stupid Girls", in which she deplores the lack of good role models for young girls while encouraging them to cultivate independence, after she noticed many such girls aspire to be like female pop icons, particularly those near her Los Angeles home. "There's a certain thing the world is being fed, and my point is there should be a choice", Pink said. She stated that "Who Knew" is about "the death of friendship", as well as friends of hers who died as a result of drug overdoses. The song is about several people. The third song, "Long Way to Happy", is based on a poem about sexual abuse Pink wrote when she was thirteen years old. "I know a lot of people that have been abused and/or molested and/or fucked over by someone close to them. And I'm no exception. And that's that song", she said. The ballad "Nobody Knows" describes feelings that one can have but not show to the outside world, and Pink has named it the most vulnerable track on the album. "Dear Mr. President" is an open letter to then president of the United States, George W. Bush; the song's format is a series of rhetorical questions for the President, specifically pertaining to how he really feels about issues such as war, homosexuality, homelessness and drug abuse.
According to Pink, the sixth and title track, "I'm Not Dead", is her first "subtle" and "poetic" self-written song: "Usually it's very much more cartoon-y and blunt, the way I write songs. I don't really know diplomacy or subtlety." The song was inspired by how Pink and producer Billy Mann felt about the end of their working relationship: "We were scared to move on from each other, after seeing how much that little bit of time together changed us, and how scary change is." In "'Cuz I Can", Pink says she plays by her own rules boasts about her "bling", a contrast to the anti-consumerist content of "Stupid Girls". Referring to the song, she called herself "a walking contradiction" and "a hypocrite sometimes." This theme is echoed in "Leave Me Alone (I'm Lonely)", which deals with contradictory feelings about a relationship; Pink said "That's how I live my life. I'm a walking conflict." She called the song "a funny take on 'I love you' … I get really cramped … But, every girl needs her space". "U + Ur Hand", the ninth track, is a kiss-off song addressed to a man who is trying to seduce Pink; it became a fan favorite before the release of the album, when it was leaked to the internet. Pink said of song such as "Runaway" that "It's been especially hard for [my parents] hearing me write about things they never knew about … My mom's like, 'Were you really that angry? Was I really that in denial? Was I really that bad a parent?' 'No, Mom – you were great. You didn't try to run me over with your car. I made it up.' But by writing all of it down and sharing it with the world, I've broken with most of it." "The One That Got Away" is, as Pink puts it, "the classic 'Is this the one? Or is the grass really greener?'" Pink described track thirteen, "Conversations with My 13 Year Old Self", as a "huge therapy session" that addresses her "pissed-off, complicated" younger self. She said of writing the song, "I needed a hug, and I get it … now. If I tried to hug my 13-year-old self, she'd try to kick my ass, and then she'd collapse and cry." "Fingers" is about her videotaping herself masturbating. She said she probably didn't need to add to the number of songs about masturbation, but she couldn't help herself. The final song on the album, the hidden track "I Have Seen the Rain" was written by and features Pink's father, James T. Moore. He wrote it when he was a soldier in the Vietnam War, but according to Pink "it's still relevant today. It's a soldier's cry." She had always wanted to record it with him and learnt to harmonize with it. She said of its recording, "He was so nervous, it was the most adorable experience for a father and daughter to share."
The album sold 126,000 copies in its first week in the U.S. and debuted at number six, a higher debut position than those of Pink's last two albums, Missundaztood (2001) and Try This (2003); however, first-week sales for I'm Not Dead were lower. I'm Not Dead spent a total of 88 non-consecutive weeks on the chart, its last being in December 2009. I'm Not Dead debuted at number three in the United Kingdom selling 39,892 copies and was the ninth best-selling album of 2006 in the UK, with over 848,000 copies sold in the year. In October 2007, it re-entered the UK top 100 album chart at 99.
In Australia, after 26 weeks of release, I'm Not Dead ascended to number one to become Pink's first number-one album; it returned to number one in its 61st week on the Australian ARIA chart. The album spent a record 62 consecutive weeks in the top ten. Pink's most successful album in Australia, it was the second best selling album of both 2006 and 2007, and the number-one selling album by an American or a female artist in each year. It also became one of two Pink albums on the ARIA Chart's top 100 selling albums of the 2000 to 2009 decade, positioned at number 3 behind her 11x Platinum album Funhouse. In Canada, the album debuted at number two with 13,000 copies sold in its first week, and the CRIA certified it platinum for shipments of more than 100,000 copies. In Germany, it became Pink's first number-one album.
U + Ur Hand
Dear Mr President
Leave Me Alone (I'm Lonely)
Long Way To Happy
Dear Mr President (feat. Indigo Girls)
Cuz I Can
I Got Money Now
Conversations With My 13 Year Old Self
I Have Seen The Rain (with James T. Moore)


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Home › all records › The Wedding Present - Marc Riley Sessions Vol 4
The Wedding Present - Marc Riley Sessions Vol 4
CD - £11.00 GBP Quantity
The fourth instalment in The Wedding Present's popular 'Marc Riley Sessions' series. The Wedding Present are a band with a history that's inextricably intertwined with the BBC and, in particular, the late DJ John Peel, an early champion of the band. An avid Wedding Present fan himself, Riley, with his team of producers, has formed a close bond with David Gedge and the band. He says: "The release of these Wedding Present sessions recorded for our 6 Music programme over the years is something of an honour. In the great tradition of the Peel / Selwood releases on the Strange Fruit label, this record proves that, even without John, the BBC can still be a place where great bands can continue to grow and be creative... amongst friends." Having received critical acclaim for releases 1 - 3, Marc Riley Sessions Volume 4 goes on to feature nine songs recorded for the award-winning BBC 6 Music show in 2017 and 2018.