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His Famous Family, Faith and a Film Adaptation
He is the youngest of the "Baldwin Brothers." From growing up as sports-playing kids from New York to all being actors, Alec, Daniel, William, and Stephen continue to garner much attention as brothers.
Each of their careers have followed different paths and Stephen's work has mirrored his personal life. Early on he starred in films like Bio-Dome and The Usual Suspects. He was on television shows like The Young Riders and Celebrity Apprentice. As he got married and had kids, coupled with the tragic events of September 11, 2001, in his native state, Baldwin decided to follow the Lord and commit his life. He turned down mainstream roles and stepped out in faith to be a part of, and create projects, that could reach others for Christ – including Loving the Bad Man and I'm in Love with a Church Girl. His current movie began as a sermon, evolved into a one-man stage production and now Heaven, How I Got Here: A Night with the Thief on the Cross has become a film produced by his own faith-based production company LIGHTBEAMedia.
Risen talked with 51-year-old about his famous family, his faith and film adaptation, plus his experiences with Donald Trump behind the scenes in Celebrity Apprentice and then later supporting him in the presidential election.
Interviewed exclusively for Risen Magazine
Risen Magazine: You grew up in what has become quite a famous family. What stands out most about the four of you boys growing up together?
Stephen Baldwin: The one pretty cool thing is that for me and my brothers I think we're all still pinching ourselves every day saying, "Really? Are we really so fortunate to be involved in this industry and have this kind of success?" I think the coolest thing is that we have always been able to keep it real even though we've had this success in this industry that I guess people think allows you to think more of yourself than you should, which is kind of stupid. We don't forget who we are or where we're from. I think that is one of the greatest blessings. Looking at my brother, Billy, and he coaches his sons' baseball team. We grew up in the same situation with my dad [coaching us]. And my brother Dan is an actor, but on the side he does a lot of work in rehabilitation to help people who struggle with addictions.
RM: Did you always think that you all would end up actors? How did that passion develop amongst everyone?
SB: My dad was a school teacher and my mom was a homemaker. My brothers and I getting into the film business is really much more of a fluke than anything else. We were just a blue-collar family of a bunch of dumb jocks pretty much. We played sports, chased girls and did all the stuff you're normally supposed to do. Alec went to the Lee Strasberg Theatre & Film Institute, New York University [NYU] and also worked as a waiter at Studio 54. A producer said, "Oh, hey my friend's casting this film and you should go see him." It was kind of the luck of that that started it. But once my brother Alec started to succeed, the rest of us were kind of like, "Well, wait a second if he could then we might as well give it a try." Alec Baldwin when we were growing up wasn't such a fancy guy to the rest of us, he was just our brother. [Laughter]
[For me] from elementary school to high school I had been doing community theater and I was a singer. I was the one that had always been demonstrating that potential. Then my brother in his first year of college decided that he wanted to pursue this professionally. Even though my brothers and I had been playing around with this thing we never took it seriously, like for a career, until my brother Alec broke into the business. In a healthy way, there was this sibling competition about it. But it was very positive.
Stephen Baldwin stars in the one-man performance, Heaven, How I Got Here: A Night with the Thief on the Cross.
RM: What has been one of the biggest blessings to having all your brothers in the spotlight in a shared field of industry, and what has been one of the biggest challenges?
SB: Because of the age difference there hasn't been much competition between us brothers. We all have been able to individually carve out our own little niche of our own careers. The weirdest thing over thirty years in the industry has been that sometimes someone will call Alec's agent and ask, "Hey, is Alec available for this opportunity?" And if he's not available they say, "Okay, great is Daniel available? No, is Billy available?" It doesn't happen much anymore but the number of times producers who are trying to cast a film would run down the line [of us brothers] has been one of the weirder things in the past. "Stephen's not available? What's his Pomeranian doing? Yeah!" [Laughter]
It was an event that I could no longer seek the answer to in the natural. This was an event where the only place to remotely comprehend what was happening meant I had to go to God.
RM: Your personal testimony is powerful. Can you share about how you became a Christian? I understand it was a combination of the nanny you hired to watch your daughter, your wife, and the events of 9/11.
SB: Around the time of the birth of my first daughter Alaia (1993) was when my wife and I decided to hire a nanny through her family in Brazil. My wife, Kennya, was born in Brazil but at the age of four moved to New York City and was raised there. At the point and time when we had our first child, through her family, she was able to locate someone who would consider moving to America to work for us as a housekeeper and a nanny. We did that and that woman's name was Augusta. The circumstances were unique because when Augusta came to work for us, within the first few weeks, she would be singing in Portuguese about Jesus while she worked. I didn't speak the language, but my wife did. So my wife would occasionally notice what she was singing, but she didn't really think anything of it.
After a while my wife came to me and asked, "Did you hear Augusta singing? She's singing about God and that is kind of weird. What do you think of that?" I said, "Well, honey you know that I don't speak Portuguese, that's exactly why you and your mother talk about me when you're standing right in front of me. I think that's sweet and nice, whatever gets her through the day. As long as she keeps the house clean everything will be fine." After a few more days of this my wife casually asked Augusta, "Hey, I noticed you're singing and I was just wondering why do you only sing about God?" And Augusta had this very unusual reaction. She was a pretty soft spoken person, but when my wife asked that she literally burst out laughing. After a few minutes, she composed herself and said, "Oh, Mrs. Baldwin please forgive my reaction. I don't mean to be rude or disrespectful, but I'm just glad you noticed my singing and I'm happy you've asked me this question. I think it's funny that you think the reason that I'm here is to clean your house."
In the natural of that moment, you can only imagine it's like you're talking crazy. What are you talking about? What do you mean? And Augusta explained that back in Brazil in her home church when she got the opportunity, she spoke with her pastor and prayed with her intercessory prayer group at church. And one of the persons in that prayer group was prophetic. They had received a word about the situation and told Augusta, "God has spoken and if you go to work for this man and this woman as a result of that, they are both going to become Christians and at some point after that they will be involved in ministry." So my wife comes back to me and says, "Oh, honey guess what Augusta just told me?! The real reason she's here, in addition to helping us with the baby and keeping the house clean, is that you and I are supposed to become born-again Christians and be involved in Christian ministry." Which at the time I must tell you this was utterly ridiculous!
I was working for a television show for ABC, a western about the Pony Express and I was making more money each week than I had ever made in my life; things were good. The short story of the rest of that is that my wife and Augusta became really good friends. Augusta only worked with us for one year and then went on to work with another family as God led her, but in that one year my wife and Augusta became very close, they studied the Bible together and they prayed together. But Augusta was smart. She knew better than to try and force my wife to rush into the understanding. She trusted in the Holy Spirit and seeds were planted in the heart and mind of my wife. And then Augusta left. And two or three years later my wife was still reading the Bible, she just hadn't officially taken the step of publicly professing her faith. Then my second daughter, Hailey, was born and we moved back to New York. My wife began attending a very charismatic Brazilian church and it was around then that she said the prayer of salvation and accepted Jesus to become her Lord and Savior. She came home and explained it all to me. To be honest with you, I thought it was wonderful. For me this was the perfect scenario, my wife can love Jesus, I'll go make movies and bring the money home, she'll take care of the kids… everything is perfect!
What I never could have known – this is one of the more critical parts of my testimony – in the following year, I got to witness firsthand my wife's commitment to Jesus. That was the thing that got my attention more than anything. From when she got saved around 1999/2000, up to September 11, 2001, slowly God began to burden me with this situation. Why was this happening? I had already been married to my wife for ten years, now she's becoming this Jesus freak. What's happening here? Right at the height of that curiosity is when 9/11 [terrorist attacks] happened. If you would have asked me the day before 9/11, "Stephen do you think it's possible that tomorrow two commercial airlines can hit the twin towers and they are going to fall down?" I would have said to you, "No, not in 2001 in the United States of America. That is a complete impossibility; that could never happen." But it did. For me personally, it was an event that I could no longer seek the answer to in the natural. This was an event where the only place to remotely comprehend what was happening meant I had to go to God. I said, "Okay God, now I really want to know you because all of the things that are happening. Obviously if you're real, you're allowing this to happen for a reason and I want to get into this experience with you, and this understanding with you, so that I can have some sense of understanding." That was the beginning of my journey. I did all of the things you're supposed to do. I said the prayer of salvation, I sent out invitations to my water baptism, and had a big party.
RM: Now you've been married for 27 years and both your daughters are models. Navigating marriage and raising kids while in Hollywood, what have been your most effective tools when it comes to building a strong family?
SB: Having grown up outside the industry, I knew that once I got involved in Hollywood, I was going to want to raise my family outside that dynamic. So, I lived for eight years in Tucson, Arizona. At the time Augusta came to work for us, I was doing a television show, so for eight years I commuted to Los Angeles just to keep my kids from having to live there. It was just a one hour flight, so it wasn't so bad. I was able to continue to pursue my career, but by design I could keep my wife and kids out of the Hollywood lifestyle. I did that on purpose. I really think it allowed my children to be raised with a greater sense of normalcy, so to speak. I knew in 1995, when the television show was over, I could have moved from Tucson to Los Angeles and been in the heart of opportunities for my career. But I didn't want my kids to be in that environment so the decision was more about quality of life than anything else.
Stephen Baldwin was on Season 7 of Celebrity Apprentice but shown here attending the "Celebrity Apprentice All Stars" Season 13 Press Conference in New York City in 2012
RM: You had the unique opportunity to get to know Donald Trump as a contestant on his Celebrity Apprentice, Season 7 before he ever ran, and became President. What were your thoughts of him then and now?
SB: When I did Celebrity Apprentice I got to see President Trump behind the scenes so to speak, you can imagine how surreal it was. Here I am on the set of Celebrity Apprentice and rapper Lil' John is sitting there having this really cool kind of chill conversation with the billionaire Donald Trump. It was weird. But in that experience, I also got to see Trump behind the scenes with Ivanka and Don Jr. What I experienced back then was that Donald is way more of a family man, a regular joe guy, than most people understand, because in my career, as a celebrity myself, I've met many famous people. You would think to yourself, "Okay I'm going to meet this billionaire." But when you meet him he's more normal than you think. Every time I've explain that to people they kind of don't believe it because they see what they see on television. Don't get me wrong, I believe that Donald Trump has exuded this personality of being brass, very tough and confident. But that is part of the success of his brand. I think that over the last thirty years once he got his brand to a certain place he could kind of relax a little bit when it came to having to demonstrate that toughness. But I have to be honest with you, early on in this presidential election, I always had a feeling that he was going to be the next President of the United States.
Back in July of last year I was invited to do an interview with Don Lemon on CNN before the primaries. At that time already some people were indicating that they were going to support Donald Trump. I get this call from Don Lemon saying, "Come on the show. I want to talk to you about what's happening with Trump." I said, "Well, I really don't want to do that because if I do that then I'm endorsing him and I don't know that I want to do that right now." And Don Lemon basically said, "Oh, don't be silly you don't care about those things, just come on the show and we'll just have a fun conversation."
Here I was doing something unique as an artist, with a message that I knew was going to bless people, but I never could have imagined that I was going to be deeply impacted as well.
RM: With your brother, Alec, portraying President Trump on SNL, both of your names have been in the news quite a bit… how can we shift the conversation from always focusing on the differing views, to shining light on ways to come together to create a better America? Is it achievable?
SB: Ohhh, you're asking me to open a can of worms now! [Laughter] But, here's my answer: If I am truly a follower of Christ, then I should be facing opposition in my existence. The Bible says if you pick up your cross and follow Him then you will be persecuted. [Matthew 16:24-26] I'm going to flip my answer to your question. What's more important to me than my relationship with my brother is my relationship with Jesus. There's an amazing scripture in Matthew 10:34 which states, "Do not think that I have come to bring peace to earth. I have not come to bring peace, but a sword." And that's the words of Jesus. What's fascinating about that scripture is that it goes on to say that if you choose other people in your life, even your family members, if you choose to love them more than me [Jesus]than you are not worthy of me. [Matthew 10:37, paraphrased] That's powerful! And that's precisely what I'm experiencing with my brother Alec right now. And the truth is wherever I'm at in my relationship with my brother, for the most part it's directly as a result of choices he has made, not so much in the choices I have made. Meaning, my brother loves me, knows me and we're friends, but in this particular moment and/or season of our existence we have differences.
But what I love to convey to people in my experience, and my hope, and this journey with Christ is simply this, it's not about how I alter my walk with Christ so that I work it all out and get along with my brother. I try to discern from the Holy Spirit what God's will is. Unequivocally I know God called me to support Mr. Trump. I also know that Mr. Trump is now the president as a result of God's will. Because we know in our faith that God puts these different leaders in their positions according to His will. I supported Donald Trump much more as an expression of my faith than anything else.
But your question is an excellent question, I want to answer it as accurately as I can. Which is this, what's more important for me is that I stay true to what I believe in regardless of whatever potential judgement or persecution may come. And with that in mind you said, "How could you work it out so that you and your brother could agree upon certain things, because in that agreement, that could make American great again?" Well here's my response, I believe that Christians need to have the boldness and the confidence to stand up for what they believe in in a greater way. I believe taking that stand is what will make America great again. That's a dicey answer because I'm not necessarily saying, how do we kumbaya and figure out how we can get along with those who oppose us. I'm saying, if we can trust in the Lord, and love on those people according to what God's will is, and try to get them to share and understand in our motivation, then I think that has much greater potential than compromising potentially who we are and what we believe.
RM: Your current project, "Heaven, How I Got Here: A Night with the Thief on the Cross," is a one-man performance that you initially did as a play to sold-out crowds. After spending so much time with the material, what impacted you most about the story? And, why share it now, in this format, through a 60-minute filmed stage adaptation?
SB: When you're an actor and you are developing a character you have a certain process that you go through. In this instance because I am a born-again Christian my sensibility about it is very different than that of a normal actor. I wouldn't just go through my normal process, this was supernatural. This is about a guy hanging on a cross next to the Savior. You kind of have to think about a few more things as you develop this character, you know what I mean? [Laughter] I kept praying, asking, "What is the one thing that I need to understand most about this character, at the core of who this man is?" And what I felt the Holy Spirit say to me was, humility. At first that didn't make sense. But as I continued in the process I realized that there was a radical arc of humility that this thief must have gone through to come to the place of revelation where he says, "Jesus, remember me in Your kingdom." [Luke 23:42, paraphrased]
For the thief, there was a supernatural transformation that occurs on the cross. Because again, this was a guy who had no experience or understanding of who Jesus was really. And yet still the thief on the cross gets the opportunity to receive salvation. Humility was the one thing I really felt I needed to connect with. As an audience member you may not even realize that the process the thief is going through is humility, you may just think he's just crying and upset. But he's having this revelation of humility which inevitably leads to salvation. I think that's powerful!
RM: You said, "I have done many performances throughout my career but perhaps none has so personally impacted me as my role as the thief." What did you mean by this, how have you seen it affect your life?
SB: For each one of us, within our personal lives, we go through events that change the way we think about things. The events of 9/11 ignited my decision to became a born-again Christian as I shared earlier. For me, the opportunity to play the thief on the cross was another 9/11 event so to speak. I agreed to do something, but never could have imagined what God was doing.
Here I was doing something unique as an artist, with a message that I knew was going to bless people, but I never could have imagined that I was going to be deeply impacted as well. I never could have imagined that I would have had the revelation personally of what the meaning of true humility is. I went into this opportunity with my arms open saying, "Okay God show me. Use me however you want in this reality because I want to be a blessing to all those people." And what God was saying to me was, "Great I want to use you in this opportunity because I want it to be a blessing for you too, Stephen. Not just for those people, but for you too."
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Reports that have been made open to us have it that Governor Rotimi Akeredolu of Ondo State is sick and the illness is a terminal one.
This comes as reports of his illness has been severally debunked. The governor was earlier reported to be hospitalized in Germany in April of 2022 and later was said to be out of sight or communication for a while. This and more similar reports were our rightly refuted. They called the report wicked and some others called it fake.
But according to the report that was recently made available to us briefly, we understand that the governor is 66 years old and recently lost his mother, is sick.
Exclusive: Gov Akeredolu Of Ondo Terminally Sick
Rotimi Akeredolu
Christoph Freund Confirms He Has Rejected Chelsea


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HomeTURKEYMediterranean Region01 AdanaTCDD on Railways Warning
TCDD on Railways Warning
17/05/2019 Levent Elmastaş 01 Adana, 31 Hatay, 33 Mersin, 80 Osmaniye, Mediterranean Region, Intercity Railways, RAILWAYS, GENERAL, HEADLINE, TURKEY 0
tcddden stimulation alert
General Directorate of State Railways of the Republic of Turkey, reported the Mersin-Adana-Osmaniye and Hatay provinces within the borders of railway lines and stations in the context of the fight 20-24 2019 dates between May grazing spraying will be done.
Due to the pesticides that pose a danger to human and animal health, citizens should be careful around the railway lines and the stations.
In Mersin-Adana-Osmaniye-Hatay provincial boundary lines and stations, 20-24 May 2019 will be applied in the scope of anti-weed control.
The drugs used in the fight have an impressive effect on human and animal health; It is important that the citizens do not approach the area where they are sprayed and be careful, and do not graze their animals and do not harvest grass.
Disinfection Program:
20-21 Railway lines and station areas between Mersin and Adana Stations within the borders of Mersin and Adana on May 2019.
22-24 May 2019, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay within the province of Adana, Toprakkale and Iskenderun stations between the railway line and station sites.
TCDD on the railway line spraying warning 12/04/2017 Spraying the rail line from the Railway Warning: Turkey State Railways (TCDD) 2. Regional Directorate of Railway Maintenance Service Directorate in a written statement, Ankara, Eskisehir, Konya, Nigde, Kayseri, Zonguldak, Karabuk, Kirikkale, Cankiri, Bilecik and Sakarya within the boundaries of the railway line 17 as of April in the fight against fumigation was specified. In the statement emphasized that the drugs to be used affect human and animal health, chemical spraying will be done against the railway line by self-growing grass trains under the supervision of special train and expert personnel. In order to ensure that the suspension is not harmful to human and animal health in the surrounding area süspansiyon
TCDD's Sakarya Bilecik Eskişehir Railway Line Spraying Warning 30/03/2018 In the railway lines and stations within the boundaries of Sakarya, Bilecik, Eskişehir and the provinces, spraying will be carried out in the scope of anti-fouling between 02-12 April 2018 dates. Due to the drugs that pose a danger to human and animal health, it is necessary to take care of the citizens around the stations with the line of spraying in Sakarya Bilecik Eskişehir Railway Line. The drugs used in the fight have an impressive effect on human and animal health; It is important that the citizens do not approach the area where they are sprayed and be careful, and do not graze their animals and do not harvest grass. Application: 02-03 April 2018 Sakarya province lama
TCDD, Spraying Alert 18/04/2017 TCDD, Pest Control Warning: TCDD 2 Regional Directorate of Turkish State Railways (TCDD) is the General Manager of TCDD, which will be sprayed on grass in the railway lines. Therefore, 10 for a period of one week after the spraying warned citizens about grazing and grass harvesting. In a statement from TCDD, Ankara (YHT and Conventional), Eskisehir (YHT and Conventional), Konya (YHT), Nigde, Kayseri, Zonguldak, Karabuk, Kirikkale, Cankiri, Bilecik (YHT), Sakarya (YHT) and maintenance of ballast cleaning under the supervision of expert staff, negative impact on pulling and towing railway vehicles ve
TCDD warns Afyonkarahisar on spraying 03/05/2017 TCDD Afyonkarahısar Drench Alert: Turkey State Railways (TCDD), Afyonkarahisar province borders the inside rail lines and stations will be made under 2-5 weed control between May and warned citizens due to drugs. In a written statement from the General Directorate of Turkish State Railways (TCDD), he announced the start of spraying in the field of anti-weed grates on the railway lines in the Afyonkarahisar province. According to the statement, the spraying studies will continue until May 5, "Human and animal health hazards due to the application of drugs, the railway line between the segments of the citizens around the station should be careful," the statement said. In the statement, from yesterday on the railway line between Afyonkarahisar-Karakuyu and at Ekinova Station site ada
Spraying Warning from TCDD 10/05/2017 Spraying from the Railway Warning: Turkey State Railways (TCDD) 7. Regional Directorate, the fight against weeds on the specified lines announced the announcement of the citizens to be made. 16 May 2017 6 38 10 and XNUMX on the line between the railway line between the kilometers (route) and this line part of the Porsuk, Gökçekısık and Kızılinler station in the scope of the fight with weeds in the scope of chemical pest control said. "Medicines used in the fight against weeds can affect human and animal health adversely, so that people and animals on the railway land on the specified routes should not approach at least XNUMX days after the date of application,
TCDD Pesticide Warning for Eight Provinces 12/05/2017 For eight provincial spraying from the Railway Warning: Turkey State Railways (TCDD) General Directorate of Property, as for the drugs to be made under the railway line in weed control alarms for eight provinces. The Republic of Turkey State Railways (TCDD) General Directorate of Property, as for the drugs to be made under grazing warned struggle for the eight provinces. The said spraying will be done on May 16. TCDD warned for the application of spraying to be made within the scope of tackle. In the statement made by TCDD 16 May 2017 on Adana, Mersin, Osmaniye, Gaziantep, Hatay, Kahramanmaras, Nigde and Konya within the boundaries of the railway lines in the application of the said stating, "People"
Spraying Warning from TCDD 29/05/2017 TCDD spraying warning: General Directorate of TCDD Kocaeli, Sakarya, Bilecik, Istanbul, Tekirdag, Kırklareli and Edirne provinces within the boundaries of the railway lines and stations 1-15 in June to be made within the scope of the fight against herbicide warned citizens. TCDD'dan statement, Kocaeli, Sakarya, Bilecik, Istanbul, Tekirdag, Kirklareli, Edirne province within the boundaries of the railway lines and stations 1-15 June in the fight against fumigation in the scope of herbicide was expressed. Since the drugs used in the fight have an impressive effect on human and animal health, 10 has not been close to the sprayed area during the day since the dates of spraying on the railway route and nearby areas.
TCDD Citizens Spray Warning 23/03/2018 The Republic of Turkey State Railways (TCDD), Konya, Karaman, Nigde, Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye, Gaziantep, Kahramanmaras, Hatay covered by provincial boundaries within the railway lines and stations in 26 March 03 weed control between April 2018 date reported spraying will be done. Due to the pesticides that pose a danger to human and animal health, citizens should be careful around the railway lines and the stations. The drugs used in the fight have an impressive effect on human and animal health; For ten days after the application date of the railway route and nearby areas, the citizens should not approach the area where they are sprayed and be careful, not to graze their animals in the mentioned places,
TCDD warns of spraying in Edirne and Kirklareli 17/04/2018 In the railway lines and stations within the boundaries of Edirne and Kırklareli, 16-25 2018 will be applied in the scope of anti-weed control. Due to the pesticides that pose a danger to human and animal health, citizens should be careful around the railway lines and the stations. The drugs used in the fight have an impressive effect on human and animal health; It is important that the citizens do not approach the area where they are sprayed and be careful, and do not graze their animals and do not harvest grass. Application: 16 April 2018 Edirne-Kapıkule Stations within the boundaries of Edirne Program
TCDD warns of spraying to Sivas, Kayseri, Erzincan, Erzurum and Kars 19/04/2018 We will apply anti-fouling in 24 April-09 May 2018 at railway lines and stations within the boundaries of Sivas, Kayseri, Erzincan, Erzurum and Kars. Due to the pesticides that pose a danger to human and animal health, citizens should be careful around the railway lines and the stations. The drugs used in the fight have an impressive effect on human and animal health; It is important that the citizens do not approach the area where they are sprayed and be careful, and do not graze their animals and do not harvest grass. Spraying Program: 24 April 2018 Sivas province borders Program
Adana Railways Disinfection
spraying on railways
Disinfection in Hatay Railways
Disinfection in Mersin Railways
Osmaniye Railways Disinfection
Weed Fighting
TCDDden spraying warning
YHT Alert from the Ombudsman's Office to TCDD
TÜVASAŞ employees met at Iftar
TCDD on the railway line spraying warning
TCDD's Sakarya Bilecik Eskişehir Railway Line Spraying Warning
TCDD, Spraying Alert
TCDD warns Afyonkarahisar on spraying
Spraying Warning from TCDD
TCDD Pesticide Warning for Eight Provinces
TCDD Citizens Spray Warning
TCDD warns of spraying in Edirne and Kirklareli
TCDD warns of spraying to Sivas, Kayseri, Erzincan, Erzurum and Kars
High-Speed Train Times Change


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Effect of Deposition Parameters on Kinematics Growth and Optical Properties of PbS Nano Films Deposited by Chemical Bath Deposition
Authors: Ali M. Mousa, Slma M. Hassen, S. Mohmoed
Citation: A. M. Mousa et al., "Effect of Deposition Parameters on Kinematics Growth and Optical Properties of PbS Nano Films Deposited by Chemical Bath Deposition", International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Vol. 34, pp. 1-10, 2014
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Study on Preferential Selectivity of Nuclear Grade Resin Indion-223 towards some Bivalent Ions
Authors: Pravin U. Singare, Akmal L. Khan Mohammed, N.N. Dixit
Citation: P. U. Singare et al., "Study on Preferential Selectivity of Nuclear Grade Resin Indion-223 towards some Bivalent Ions", International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Vol. 34, pp. 11-21, 2014
Thermodynamic Study to Evaluate the Selectivity Behaviour of Nuclear Grade Resin Indion-223 towards some Univalent Ions
Citation: P. U. Singare et al., "Thermodynamic Study to Evaluate the Selectivity Behaviour of Nuclear Grade Resin Indion-223 towards some Univalent Ions", International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Vol. 34, pp. 22-29, 2014
The Mechanism of Signal Processing of Solar Radio Burst Data in E-CALLISTO Network (Malaysia)
Authors: Zety Sharizat Hamidi, N.N.M. Shariff
Citation: Z. S. Hamidi and N.N.M. Shariff, "The Mechanism of Signal Processing of Solar Radio Burst Data in E-CALLISTO Network (Malaysia)", International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Vol. 34, pp. 30-38, 2014
Nonlinear Behavior of the Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) Sources at Faculty of Applied Sciences, MARA University of Technology
Citation: Z. S. Hamidi and N.N.M. Shariff, "Nonlinear Behavior of the Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) Sources at Faculty of Applied Sciences, MARA University of Technology", International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Vol. 34, pp. 39-47, 2014
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of 2,5-di-Substituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives
Authors: Hitesh Makwana, Yogesh T. Naliapara
Citation: H. Makwana and Y. T. Naliapara, "Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of 2,5-di-Substituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives", International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Vol. 34, pp. 48-54, 2014
Combination of Wavelet Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks Applied to Forecast of Daily Cosmic Ray Impulses
Authors: Joseph M. Caswell
Citation: J. M. Caswell, "Combination of Wavelet Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks Applied to Forecast of Daily Cosmic Ray Impulses", International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Vol. 34, pp. 55-63, 2014
Structural and Optical Properties of Nanostructured Bismuth Oxide
Authors: Reem Sami Ali
Citation: R. S. Ali, "Structural and Optical Properties of Nanostructured Bismuth Oxide", International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Vol. 34, pp. 64-72, 2014
The Asteroid Belt as the Consequence of Resonance Density Convergence from Solar Velocity around the Galaxy and Universal Dynamic Pressure
Authors: Michael A. Persinger, David A.E. Vares
Citation: M. A. Persinger and D. A.E. Vares, "The Asteroid Belt as the Consequence of Resonance Density Convergence from Solar Velocity around the Galaxy and Universal Dynamic Pressure", International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Vol. 34, pp. 73-79, 2014
Evidence for a Causal Relationship between Mach's Principle and the Quantitative Latency for Universal Entanglement
Authors: Michael A. Persinger, Stanley A. Koren
Citation: M. A. Persinger and S. A. Koren, "Evidence for a Causal Relationship between Mach's Principle and the Quantitative Latency for Universal Entanglement", International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Vol. 34, pp. 80-86, 2014


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text:
RIGHT Before Biden's Big Speech, Americans Send Joe a BRUTAL Message He Can't Ignore
In a prime-time speech on Thursday, President Joe Biden will address 'extremist threats to democracy' and 'the continued fight to restore the soul of our nation.'
Meanwhile, FOX News said 'not so fast'. Taking to the streets of New York just hours before Biden's big speech, the network went to the streets of NYC to ask Americans how they feel about the unity of the country.
As one may have expected, a majority of people believe that America is more divided than ever. You can watch FOX's video HERE.
This comes after Joe Biden called for unity in both his inaugural address and on the campaign trail. However, as we recently reported, Biden broke his promise of unity last week when he said "MAGA philosophy" is "like semi-fascism."
He went on to say that MAGA Republicans "threaten our personal rights and our economic security," and then took it a step further by saying, "they are a threat to our Democracy."
FOX News also asked New Yorkers about Biden's comments, and, also as we expected, the respondents resoundingly agreed that name-calling and divisive rhetoric will not help bring the country together.


text:
The Sachse Sentinel (Sachse, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 1, Ed. 1 Friday, January 1, 1982
Description: Monthly newspaper from Sachse, Texas that includes local news and advertising.
Creator: Stone, Joe J. & Stone, Pat
The Sachse Sentinel (Sachse, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 2, Ed. 1 Monday, February 1, 1982
The Sachse Sentinel (Sachse, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 3, Ed. 1 Monday, March 1, 1982
The Sachse Sentinel (Sachse, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 4, Ed. 1 Thursday, April 1, 1982
The Sachse Sentinel (Sachse, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 5, Ed. 1 Saturday, May 1, 1982
The Sachse Sentinel (Sachse, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 6, Ed. 1 Tuesday, June 1, 1982
The Sachse Sentinel (Sachse, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 7, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 1, 1982
The Sachse Sentinel (Sachse, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 8, Ed. 1 Sunday, August 1, 1982
The Sachse Sentinel (Sachse, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 9, Ed. 1 Wednesday, September 1, 1982
The Sachse Sentinel (Sachse, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 10, Ed. 1 Friday, October 1, 1982
The Sachse Sentinel (Sachse, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 11, Ed. 1 Monday, November 1, 1982
The Sachse Sentinel (Sachse, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 12, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 1, 1982
The Fort Hood Sentinel (Temple, Tex.), Vol. 40, No. 50, Ed. 1 Thursday, April 22, 1982
Description: Weekly newspaper from Temple, Texas, published for the military and civilian personnel of Fort Hood, that includes local, state and national news along with advertising.
Partner: Casey Memorial Library
The Fort Hood Sentinel (Temple, Tex.), Vol. 40, No. 48, Ed. 1 Thursday, April 8, 1982
The Land and Its People, 1876-1981: Deaf Smith County, Texas
Description: Book describing Deaf Smith County including local history, photographs, illustrations, and biographies.
Creator: Deaf Smith County Historical Society
Partner: Deaf Smith County Library
Casey Memorial Library 2 2 Deaf Smith County Library 1 1 Sachse Public Library 12 12
Fort Hood Sentinel Collection 2 2 Texas Digital Newspaper Program 14 14 Texas History Collection 1 1 Wylie-Sachse Newspaper Collection 12 12
The Sachse Sentinel 12 12 The Fort Hood Sentinel 2 2
Bell County, TX 2 2 Dallas County, TX 12 12 Deaf Smith County, TX 1 1
1st 12 12 8th 1 1 22nd 1 1


It is so important to spend quality time with your Dad don't you think? And of course not just on one day in the year.
Showing your Dad that you love and respect him and want to spend time with him is the best gift of all. Finding something to do with your Dad that you both enjoy may be an annual challenge or it may be really easy for you and your family.
Obviously we are biased, but we can't think of anything better to do with your Dad on Father's Day that go for a walk with a purpose!
If you are an organised sort of person, then you can look at the catalogue of Trails on the website by region and select one that appeals to you. Choosing is easy – decide how far from home you want to travel; whether you want to use one of the driving or cycling Trails or stick to walking; and which theme would appeal.
The choice is all yours but how much time you've got before Father's Day could dictate which option you go for.
This is the one to opt for when you are in rush (perhaps its Father's Day morning) and you can simply select to download, pay the purchase price and you will receive an email with a link to download from. Print the Trail on your home printer, fold it into a booklet and hey presto a gift for Father's Day that is certain to be a hit. Make sure you download within 48 hours of receiving the link though.
With a bit more planning, you can have the Trail booklet posted out to you first class. Whilst the content is the same as the downloaded version, this time it comes in a wrapper and is professionally printed and is stiff enough to gift wrap.
For the super organised, you can personalise your chosen Trail on line using the Treasure Trails' bespoke software. It makes the Treasure Trail experience even more special as you can change the wording of the title and back story, upload a picture on the front cover, and even add photos of your loved ones to the list of murder suspects. Your Trail will be posted first class and should be delivered to you within 3 working days. The Personalised Trail is only available as a printed version, not as a pdf download.
Make Father's Day a really special occasion and contact one of our Treasure Trails' writers who can create a challenge for your Dad based around a town or village in our catalogue. The challenge will include extra games to do along the route of the Trail and depending on Dad's interests might be a treasure collection, photo competition and quiz! If you pick this option, you need to make a quick decision as the challenges take a couple of weeks to design.
Let us know where you decide to explore on Father's Day – it is one of the most popular things to do in our family!


The structured settlement company purchases an annuity contract and sends payments from the annuity to the plaintiff. The payments are fixed in time and amount.
Plaintiffs receiving a structured settlement can benefit from the sale of their stream of payments by receiving a lump-sum of cash.


We were challenged to a friendly game of 5-a-side football last night against our sister company, the National Hyperbaric Centre at Strikers, Aberdeen. The match had been arranged for a couple of weeks, with preparations by both sides becoming more and more serious as the day of the match approached. Training sessions were held and tactics discussed as both sides tried to outdo each other in the run up to kick off.
The match itself was even with both sides trading early goals, and an even first half ended with C-Tecnics one goal up at half-time. However, four quick goals early in the second half extended our lead and it was a lead we weren't to relinquish. Both teams tired as the game went on, and the pace of play slowed down as a result but we remained in complete control with the final score finishing 13-10 in favour of C-Tecnics.


text:
"""Unit tests for SingletonScheduler class."""

import mock
import unittest

from ndscheduler.core import scheduler_manager

class SingletonSchedulerTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_is_okay_to_run(self):
        with mock.patch(('ndscheduler.core.scheduler.base.'
                         'SingletonScheduler.is_okay_to_run')) as mock_should_run:
            mock_should_run.return_value = True
            sched = scheduler_manager.SchedulerManager().sched
            self.assertNotEqual(sched._process_jobs(), sched.DEFAULT_WAIT_SECONDS)

    def test_is_not_okay_to_run(self):
        with mock.patch(('ndscheduler.core.scheduler.base.'
                         'SingletonScheduler.is_okay_to_run')) as mock_should_run:
            mock_should_run.return_value = False
            sched = scheduler_manager.SchedulerManager().sched
            self.assertEqual(sched._process_jobs(), sched.DEFAULT_WAIT_SECONDS)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Hospital costs of older people in New South Wales in the last year of life
Katina Kardamanidis, Kim Lim, Cristalyn Da Cunha, Lee K Taylor and Louisa R Jorm
Med J Aust 2007; 187 (7): 383-386. || doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01306.x
Objective: To estimate hospital inpatient costs by age, time to death and cause of death among older people in the last year of life.
Design and setting: Cross-sectional analytical study of deaths and hospitalisations in New South Wales from linked population databases.
Participants: 70 384 people aged 65 years and over who died in 2002 and 2003.
Main outcome measures: Hospital costs in the year before death.
Results: Care of people aged 65 years and over in their last year of life accounted for 8.9% of all hospital inpatient costs. Hospital costs fell with age, with people aged 95 years or over incurring less than half the average costs per person of those who died aged 65–74 years ($7028 versus $17 927). Average inpatient costs increased greatly in the 6 months before death, from $646 per person in the sixth month to $5545 in the last month before death. Cardiovascular diseases (43.1% of deaths) were associated with an average of $11 069 in inpatient costs, while cancer (25.0% of deaths) accounted for $16 853. The highest average costs in the last year of life were for people who died of genitourinary system diseases ($18 948), and the highest average costs in the last month of life were for people who died of injuries ($8913).
Conclusion: Population ageing is likely to result in a shift of the economic burden of end-of-life care from the hospital sector to the long-term care sector, with consequences for the supply, organisation and funding of both sectors.
As life expectancy increases, the proportion of people in the population who are aged 65 years and older grows. By 2021, 19% of the Australian population is expected to be aged over 65 years, and 2.5% aged over 85 years.1 Health care costs for older people at the end of life change with increasing age and over time, and the way in which they are distributed across sectors of care have important implications for health financing and policy.2
Recent literature on end-of-life health care costs has focused on the relative roles of age at death and imminence of death. Studies in the United Kingdom,3 Switzerland4 and Western Australia5 concluded that proximity to death is a more important determinant of health care costs than age per se.
Also in question is the state of health in which older people will spend their added years of life, with consequent implications for health care costs. The "compression of morbidity" hypothesis suggests that better lifestyle and health care will delay the onset of chronic illness, extending the period of healthy life. Alternatively, older people could spend their added years of life sick and disabled ("expansion of morbidity").6 Available evidence tends to support compression of morbidity in developed countries, although this may be threatened by current increases in the prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes.6-8
Two studies in Western Australia have examined hospital care at the end of life, based on data for 1985–19949 and 2002.5 Despite the increasing attention being paid to the potential impact of population ageing on the costs and sustainability of health care in New South Wales, exemplified by current "Future directions" planning,10 no local information is available on health care costs at the end of life. Our primary aim in this study was to estimate inpatient hospital costs by age, proximity to death and underlying cause of death in the last year of life for NSW residents aged 65 years and over. A secondary aim was to estimate the proportion of total annual inpatient costs expended on end-of-life care for older people, for which no Australian information currently exists.
The NSW Admitted Patient Data Collection (APDC) contains records of all discharges, transfers and deaths from all NSW public and private sector hospitals and day-procedure centres. The NSW Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages (RBDM) compiles death registrations for NSW. This information is forwarded to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), where codes for cause of death are assigned according to the International statistical classification of diseases (ICD-10-AM).11
Using probabilistic record linkage techniques (Autostan, version 4.1 and Automatch, version 4.01 [MatchWare Technologies, Burtonsville, Md, USA]), we created a persons file by linking records for episodes of care from the APDC for the period 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2003. This file was then linked with RBDM data for deaths registered in the same period. Finally, the linked APDC–RBDM data were linked with ABS mortality data for deaths registered in the same period.
A file containing records of all people aged 65 years or older who died in the period 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2003 was extracted from the linked APDC, RBDM and ABS data. The 1434 linked records that contained inconsistent dates were excluded, leaving 357 605 hospitalisation records for 70 384 people for analysis.
Australian refined diagnosis related group (AR-DRG) costs12 were assigned to the hospital records. Average AR-DRG costs for acute-care public hospitals were obtained from the NSW Hospital Cost Data Collection (HCDC). These costs were calculated by NSW standard costing methods, which comprise a combination of patient-level costing and cost-modelling techniques.13 The data were then combined to produce average AR-DRG costs. Hospitals contributed costs for about 1.2 million separations per year — about 43% of all hospital separations in NSW public hospitals. Costs included the following components: imaging; allied health; pharmacy; operating rooms; emergency departments; supplies and ward overheads; specialists' procedure suites; prostheses; pathology tests; on-costs (superannuation, leave entitlements and other employment-related costs); medical, nursing and non-clinical salaries; and non-clinical services.
Average AR-DRG costs for acute-care public hospitals were obtained from the HCDC. National public sector costs14 were used for AR-DRGs without attached costs in the HCDC. Private hospital costs were obtained from national private sector cost data for the financial years 2000–01 to 2002–03.14 Private hospital costs for the 2003–04 financial year were projected from the average annual increase over the period 2000–03.
SAS software (version 8.2, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) was used for analysis. Hospital inpatient days and costs were allocated to 30-day periods for people admitted to hospital in the 12-months before death. Day-only separations were assigned a stay length of 1 day. Costs for 30-day periods were apportioned at the unit record level: period cost = (number of days patient stayed during the 30-day period divided by total length of stay) multiplied by total diagnosis-related group (DRG) cost. Underlying causes of death were grouped according to ICD-10-AM codes.11
Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the NSW Department of Health Ethics Committee. The study was funded by the NSW Department of Health.
In the years 2002 and 2003, 70 384 NSW residents aged 65 years and over died — 4.0% of the total population in this age group in this period. Mean age at death was 80 years for men and 84 years for women. Just over half (51.8%) of those who died were women; this proportion increased from 37.8% among people aged 65–74 years at death to 78.6% among those aged ≥ 95 years.
Most people (87.2%) were hospitalised at least once in their last year of life (mean number of hospitalisations, 3.74; median, 2), but this proportion decreased with age, from 93.2% in the 65–74 year age group to 78.9% in the ≥ 95 years age group.
Half of the deaths (50.5%) occurred in hospital. This proportion declined steeply with age at death, from 61.1% at age 65–74 years to 27.3% at age ≥ 95 years. Specific information on the location of deaths that occurred outside hospital was not available.
Cardiovascular diseases accounted for most deaths (43.1%), followed by cancer (25.0%) and respiratory diseases (10.1%). Cancer was the most frequent cause of death (41.2%) among decedents aged 65–74 years, while cardiovascular diseases dominated in all older age groups.
Average number of days in hospital and hospital inpatient costs dropped sharply with age in each 30-day period in the last year of life (Box 1). People who died at age 65–74 years had a mean of 8.8 inpatient days and $7525 in inpatient costs in their last 30 days of life, while those dying at age ≥ 95 years had a mean of 3.8 inpatient days costing $2595. For all age groups, the number of days spent in hospital and inpatient costs increased dramatically in the 3 months before death. People aged 65 years or older in their last year of life spent an average of 22.5 days in hospital and incurred $13 513 in inpatient costs (Box 1). Almost a third (32.4%) of beds (7.3/22.5) and two-fifths (41.0%) of inpatient costs ($5545/$13 513) were incurred in the last month of life.
Number of days in hospital and hospital inpatient costs varied according to cause of death. The highest averages for bed days (32.8) and inpatient costs ($18 948) in the last year of life were recorded for people who died from diseases of the genitourinary system, while the lowest averages (13.5 days and $6194) were recorded for those who died from mental or behavioural disorders. People who died from cardiovascular diseases spent an average of 18.2 days in hospital and incurred $11 069 in inpatient costs in the last year of life, compared with 29.1 days and $16 853 for people who died from cancer.
Cause of death influenced the distribution of days in hospital and inpatient costs over the period before death (Box 2). The number of days in hospital and, especially, costs for people who died from injury were heavily weighted towards the last month of life. For such people, the last 30 days of life accounted for 39.8% of the days in hospital (7.8/19.6) and 57.2% of total inpatient costs ($8913/$15 582) incurred in the last year of life. By contrast, the hospital costs incurred by people who died of cancer were spread over a longer period before death. In terms of costs at the very end of life, people who died from injury incurred an average of $8913 in inpatient costs in their last 30 days, compared with $6073 for people who died from cancer, $4573 for those who died from cardiovascular diseases, and $2113 for those who died from mental or behavioural disorders.
Days in hospital and inpatient costs in the last year of life decreased with age for all major causes of death except for injuries (data not shown). The hospital costs incurred by people who died at age 95 years or older from either cardiovascular diseases or cancer ($6478 and $9461, respectively) were less than half those for people who died at age 65–74 years ($13 831 and $19 567, respectively). By contrast, hospital costs for injury deaths were similar for people who died at 95 years or older ($14 486) and at 65–74 years ($13 777).
The available data allowed us to estimate the proportion of total annual hospital bed days and inpatient costs incurred by older people in their last 12 months of life for the calendar year 2002 only. In that year, 801 437 hospital bed days in NSW (10.3% of total bed days or 21.6% of bed days for people aged ≥ 65 years) were used by people aged ≥ 65 years in their last year of life. These accounted for $470.6 million in inpatient costs (8.9% of total costs or 20.1% of costs for people aged ≥ 65 years) in that year.
In NSW in 2002, people aged 65 years and over who were in their last year of life used an estimated 10.3% of all hospital days and 8.9% of total hospital inpatient costs. Their hospital care was estimated to cost an average of $13 513, of which more than 40% was spent in the last month of life. No comparable estimates exist for other Australian states, although in Western Australia, people of all ages in their last year of life were estimated to incur an average of $22 271 in hospital costs in 2002.5
Important findings of our study include skewing of inpatient costs towards the very end of life; progressive reduction in end-of-life costs with increasing age at death; and major variation in the quantum and distribution of costs according to the underlying cause of death. Consistent with other studies,15-20 we found an increase in hospital inpatient costs with decreasing time to death; the average number of days spent in hospital and average costs increased exponentially in the 3 months before death, across all age groups.
Our study — of deaths over a 2-year period only— could not provide direct evidence for compression of morbidity. However, it did confirm that a major part of the end-of-life morbidity burden (at least in terms of severe morbidity requiring hospitalisation) is borne shortly before death. Also, costing at a DRG level does not take into account within-DRG variations that may occur, for example, with age or disease severity. While patient-level cost information from a substantial proportion of separations in NSW was used to calculate costs for all hospitalisations in NSW, the resulting costs are nevertheless estimates.
Also consistent with other overseas18,21,22 and Australian5 studies, we found that end-of-life hospital bed days and costs declined rapidly with increasing age at death. On average, people who died aged 95 years or older used less than half the bed days and incurred less than half the inpatient costs of those whose who died aged 65–74 years. This difference relates at least in part to place of death. Almost three-quarters of people who died aged 95 or more years died outside of hospital, and one-fifth had not used any inpatient hospital services in their last year of life. By contrast, most decedents aged 65–84 years died in hospital, and almost all were hospitalised at least once in the year before death.
Another likely contributor to this difference in hospital costs by age is reduced aggressiveness of medical care in the last year of life of older patients. A study in the United States found that hospital costs in the last year of life decreased with increasing age for each of the major causes of death,17 a finding that was confirmed in our study, with the notable exception of deaths from injury. Substitution of care may also contribute; the likelihood of living in residential aged care increases with age, and the threshold for admission to hospital is likely to be higher for these residents than for older people living in the community.
Because we estimated hospital costs only, our study did not shed light on the likely impact of population ageing on total health care costs at the end of life. The "cost of dying", comprising hospital and long-term care costs, has been reported to remain stable (US study)18 or increase (Canadian studies)21,22 with age, the decline in hospital costs being offset by an increase in the costs of social and nursing care.
Hospital costs in the last year of life are not necessarily related to the final cause of death. Nevertheless, of the causes of death that we examined, cardiovascular diseases and cancer (which, together, accounted for more than two-thirds of all deaths) were associated with the highest total inpatient costs in the 12-months before death. This is consistent with findings from Western Australia.5,9 The patterns we observed in end-of-life inpatient costs according to cause of death are likely to reflect disease-related variations in place of care in the last year of life and place of death (hospital versus elsewhere) as well as the nature and intent of medical care. For example, the high average inpatient costs at the very end of life incurred by people who died from injury reflect the sudden nature of injury events, the high probability of hospitalisation after serious injuries, and the high costs associated with surgical interventions such as joint replacements.
Our study provides a baseline from which to assess the impacts of demographic change and of health system reforms — including the current Council of Australian Governments' initiatives to improve care for older people in hospitals23 — on hospital costs in NSW. It suggests that population ageing is likely to result in a shift of the economic burden of end-of-life care from the hospital sector to the long-term care sector, with consequent implications for the supply, organisation and funding of both these sectors. The establishment of the new collaborative Centre for Health Record Linkage24 in Sydney will facilitate the inclusion of data from aged care services in future iterations of this study, thereby allowing a more complete assessment of the "cost of dying" in NSW.
1 Number of days in hospital and hospital inpatient costs by age at death and time before death for the 70 384 people aged 65 years or older who died in New South Wales in 2002 and 2003*
Time before death (days)
65–74 years
Hospital days
Total number
Hospital costs
Total (million $)
Per person ($)
≥ 95 years
* Includes people who died and were not admitted to hospital during their last year of life.
2 Average hospital costs per person by cause of death and time before death for the 70 384 people aged 65 years or older who died in New South Wales in 2002 and 2003
Received 27 January 2007, accepted 8 July 2007
Katina Kardamanidis1
Kim Lim1
Cristalyn Da Cunha1
Lee K Taylor1
Louisa R Jorm2
1 New South Wales Department of Health, Sydney, NSW.
2 University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW.
Correspondence: LTAYL@doh.health.nsw.gov.au
We thank Professor Stephen Leeder for helpful comments on a late draft of this article.
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2. Scitovsky A. "The high cost of dying": what do the data show? Milbank Q 2005; 83: 825-841.
3. Seshamani M, Gray A. Time to death and health expenditure: an improved model for the impact of demographic change in health care costs. Age Ageing 2004; 33: 556-561.
4. Felder S. Health care expenditure towards the end of life. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2001; 15: 345-347.
5. Calver J, Bulsara M, Boldy D. In-patient hospital use in the last years of life: a Western Australian population-based study. Aust N Z J Public Health 2006; 30: 143-146.
6. Fries JF. Measuring and monitoring success in compressing morbidity. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139: 455-459.
7. Mor V. The compression of morbidity hypothesis: a review of research and prospects for the future. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53 (9 Suppl): S308-S309.
8. Rice DP, Fineman N. Economic implications of increased longevity in the United States. Annu Rev Public Health 2004; 25: 457-473.
9. Brameld KJ, Holman CD, Bass AJ, et al. Hospitalisation of the elderly during the last year of life: an application of record linkage in Western Australia 1985–1994. J Epidemiol Community Health 1998; 52: 740-744.
10. NSW Health. Publications & reports. Future directions for health in NSW: towards 2025. http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/pubs/2007/future_directions.html (accessed Aug 2007).
11. National Centre for Classification in Health. International statistical classification of diseases and related problems, 10th revision, Australian modification (ICD-10-AM). 2nd ed. Sydney: NCCH, 2000.
12. Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. Casemix. Classifications. Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups (AR-DRGs), definitions manual. http://www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/Content/health-casemix-defman1.htm (accessed Aug 2007).
13. Fetter RB, Thompson JD, Mills RE. A system for cost and reimbursement control in hospitals. Yale J Biol Med 1976; 49: 123-136.
14. Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. National hospital cost data collection reports. Rounds 5, 6, 7 and 8. http://www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/content/health-casemix-data-collections-nhcdcreports (accessed Aug 2007).
15. Lubitz J, Prihoda R. The use and costs of Medicare services in the last 2 years of life. Health Care Financ Rev 1984; 5: 117-131.
16. Lubitz J, Riley G. Trends in Medicare payments in the last year of life. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 1092-1096.
17. Mukamel D, Bajorska A, Temkin-Greener H. Health care services utilization at the end of life in a managed care program integrating acute and long-term care. Med Care 2002; 40: 1136-1148.
18. Hoover D, Crystal S, Kumar R, et al. Medical expenditures during the last year of life: findings from the 1992–1996 Medicare Current Beneficiary survey. Health Serv Res 2002; 37: 1625-1641.
19. Levinsky N, Yu W, Ash A, et al. Influence of age on Medicare expenditures and medical care in the last year of life. JAMA 2001; 286: 1349-1355.
20. Himsworth R, Goldacre M. Does time spent in hospital in the final 15 years of life increase with age at death? A population based study. BMJ 1999; 319: 1338-1339.
21. McGrail K, Green B, Barer M, et al. Age, costs of acute and long-term care and proximity to death: evidence for 1987–88 and 1994–95 in British Columbia. Age Ageing 2000; 29: 249-253.
22. Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. Patterns of health care use and cost at the end of life. Manitoba: Manitoba Health, 2004.
23. Council of Australian Governments. Council Of Australian Governments' Meeting 10 February 2006. Communique. http://www.coag.gov.au/meetings/100206/coag100206.pdf (accessed Aug 2007).
24. Centre for Health Record Linkage. Linking health data for NSW and the ACT. http://www.cherel.org.au/CHeReL_flyer.pdf (accessed Aug 2007).


The old people's dreams of flying to the Moon came true. There are even flights to Mars and more distant stars. Nevertheless, "Journey to the Centre of the Earth" still remains fiction. And because of the high pressures and temperatures prevailing in the deepest earth's interior, it will probably remain a fiction for a long time.
Still, the Czech-Bavarian Geopark invites you to learn about the authentic Earth's interior, whether inside the underground ore mine, in the rock cellar, or in a cave. And even though your path does not lead to dangerous depths of the Earth, simple entering and looking into the underground will stay an unforgettable experience.
For centuries, mankind lives on Earth's gifts. On the earth's surface, soil essential for our nutrition is created from the rocks. We gain mineral wealth from the Earth's interior. Raw materials are the basis of our economic development and prosperity. Why have they been right here and not somewhere else? What has been the impact of their mining on history of our region? The Czech-Bavarian Geopark is here to help you to find the answers.
The geological history of the Czech-Bavarian Geopark is as old as the history of the whole Central Europe. For the past 600 million years, the mountain ranges appeared and disappeared, volcanoes spewed fire and stones, sea levels came and receded. Geopark is located in the central zone of the once mighty Variscan mountains and its rocks tell about the adventurous journey of our continent from the South Pole to the Equator to the current 50th parallel of latitude. Hardly any area in Europe bears the comparison to the Czech-Bavarian Geopark.
That was also the reason why one of the deepest holes on the globe - Continental deep borehole KTB, was drilled in Bavarian Windischeschenbach. Looking to the depth of 9,101 meters opened up a whole new dimension of exploring the planet at the turn of the 21st century. Whatsoever, already two hundred years ago, our region was discovered by the pioneers of Geological Sciences: Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Alexander Humboldt and Georgius Agricola. In many places they left their footsteps - follow them up to the beginnings of the Geological Science.
"Geology" does not mean just millions-years-old stones. It also stands for the ongoing processes in the Earth's interior that differentiate our planet from other astronomical objects: Eger Rift uplift, rising magma, sprains or gaseous CO2 to the volcanically active fields of typical earthquake swarms. All these processes endowed the Geopark with a charming diversity of the landscape, with extinct volcanoes and healing medicinal baths and mineral springs.
Discover the secrets and the beauty of our country and visit us in the Czech-Bavarian Geopark, the geological cross-border geopark in the geological centre of Europe!


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Tours / travel
Places to Visit in North East India
by Debasree Chakraborty · Published December 11, 2015 · Updated February 9, 2022
North East India is one of the unexplored splendors of the country. Comprising of eight states snuggled in the lap of Himalayas, North East India is truly blessed by nature. The region is also abundant in adventures. High mountain peaks, lush valleys carpeted with tea plantations, misty waterfalls, rainiest place on the Earth, wildlife sanctuaries and a medley of urban and tribal cultures are few of the allures of the region.
1. Places to Visit in Assam
Assam is the gateway to the North East. Home to the 'Tea Capital of the World', the beautiful environs of the state has attractions of lush mountains, wilderness, cultural exhibitions and thrilling experiences. Kaziranga National Park is a famous place to visit. Enjoy a cruise to the largest river island in the Brahmaputra River. Relish the sip of warm brewed tea, delicious local food, colorful dances and melodious folk music. The warm amiable people, lavish resorts and hotels create memorable holidays.
Lady Tea Pickers in Tea Garden, Assam
The lush tea gardens of Assam are world renowned. Jorhat city has been given the title of the "Tea capital of the World". Largest supplier of tea is one of the achievements of the state. There are almost 850 tea estates and 2500 tea gardens. Walk through the lush rows of shrubs. The smell of the fresh leaves also works magic on the senses.
Kaziranga National Park in Assam
The Kaziranga National Park in Assam is known for its population of one horned rhinoceros. Safari in the wilderness brings visitors' close to wild beasts, birds some local and other migrants from as far as Siberia. The wilderness of the national park is perfect for thrilling adventures. There are numerous forest lodges and resorts that offer the perfect mix of relaxation and adventures.
Wildlife Vacations in India
Best Places to go for Wildlife Safaris in India
Kamakhya Temple
Kamakhya Temple in Assam
The divine temple in Assam is dedicate to Kamakhya Devi. Kamrup-Kamakha as the place is popularly known is one of the 51 Shakti Peeths in India. According to legend Sati's yoni (reproductive organ) fell here after her immolation when Lord Shiva was performing Tandav (dance of destruction). There is no idol here but a yoni structure is worshipped which is moistened by a natural spring. The temple draws pilgrims' from all over the world.
Majuli River Island
An exotic view of Majuli,Assam
The largest River Island, Majuli is nestled in the waters of River Brahmaputra. 1100 kilometers from the mouth of the river, this unique landscape is home to scenic natural beauty and migratory birds. The islands are a good day trip accessible by ferries from the City of Jorhat. The island is inhabited by tribes who survive the harsh natural calamities. You can take home beautiful masks, pottery and other artifacts as souvenirs from the island. A 3 day spiritual music festival known as Raas Festival draws visitors to the island.
Manas National Park at the foothills of the Bhutan-Himalayas in the state of Assam has unique biodiversity and landscape. It is one of the first reserves of Project Tiger in 1973. A substantial population of Royal Bengal Tigers. In 1985, the Manas Wildlife Sanctuary was inscribed as World Heritage Site. The last species of Pygmy Hog survive in the wilderness of Manas and nowhere else in the world.
[Know more about things to do or browse through Assam tour packages]
2. Places to Visit in Sikkim
Sikkim is a small state in north east India, bordered by Bhutan, Tibet and Nepal. Part of the Himalayas, the area has a dramatic landscape including India's highest mountain, 8,586 meters high Mt. Kanchenjunga. The lofty mountains dominate the skyline. Its snow clad peaks, green emerald slopes, rushing streams, tall Rhododendrons and sparkling orchids allure tourists. Hilltop monasteries emerge from the rugged terrains while multi-colored prayer flags wave in the mountain breeze. Explore the untouched natural beauty ad relish the unique culture.
Considered one of Tibetan Buddhism's most important tourist centers, the magnificent Rumtek Monastery is surely to be explored. It provides as a residence for the 16th Gyalwa Karmapa. The Golden Stupa is the most significant segment of the monastery. Some of the extraordinary works of art are also housed here. The monastery is especially attractive during the Mahakala Dance in February, when giant figurines of protector deities stage a fight with evil demons.
Gangtok, the capital of Sikkim is a charming and picturesque town, straddling with striking houses spilling down the hillside. The city has a fusion of traditional customs and modern way of living which makes the place unique. It's a beautiful town with all modern amenities that one can ask for. The city is the base, to plan trips to Tsgomo Lake and treks. Even the city life is charming. Delicious food, cheap drinks, amazing shopping bargains and relaxing ambiance.
Best Hill Stations in India
Nathu La
At an altitude of 14200 feet, the pass is located on the Indo-China border. The journey itself is an exhilarating experience, with mist covered peaks, zigzag roads and roaring waterfalls, the passage is simply amazing. Visitors are required to get a permit to visit the place. It was the route of the legendary Silk Route.
Lachung
The picturesque mountain village of Lachung at a height of 8610 feet. Embraced my snowcapped mountain peaks, breathtaking waterfalls, sparkling streams and apple orchards is the perfect holiday destination. Visit the Shingba Rhododendron sanctuary, Gurudongmar Lake and Chopta Valley. The village is the centre of exquisite hand woven rugs and blankets.
Lachen and Yumthang Valley
Lachen is a small pass at an elevation of 2,750 metres in the North East Himalayas. It is the gateway to the holy Guru Dongmar and Tso Lhamu lakes. It is also the base for excursion to Yumthang Valley. The beautiful valley situated is located at a height of 3,500 metres. It is home to many beautiful Himalayan flowers. In the summer months the whole valley is seen carpeted in vibrant blooms.
Pelling
Pelling is rapidly becoming a popular tourist destination. At an altitude of 6800 ft, it's the most excellent place to get a closest view of the world's 3rd highest peak Mt. Kanchenjunga. Apart from the innate beauty of the place, other attractions are the Sanga Choeling Monastery, Pemayangtse Monastery and the Khecheopalri Lake. A visit will be cherished.
[Read more with Sikkim travel guide or explore packages]
3. Places to Visit in Meghalaya
Meghalaya means "The Abode of Clouds". The hills state is one third covered in forests. The lush environs is known for its biodiversity of mammals, birds, and plants. Home of the wettest place on earth, it is renowned for lush greenery, flora, fauna, living roots bridges, tribals, exciting waterfalls and thrilling adventures. It is a delight to explore and spend holidays in. breathe in the fresh air of mountains, the babble of gushing waters, calls of birds and witness the perfect setting of fairytales.
The beautiful capital city of Meghalaya, Shillong is a charming heaven. Known as the Scotland of the East, the city is blessed with breathtaking natural beauty. There are many allures to check out. Shillong Peak, Don Bosco Centre for Indigenous Culture, Umiam Water Sports complex, Lady Hydari Park, Ward's Lake, Elephant Falls, Spread Eagle Falls, Laitlum Canyons, David Scott Trail, India Orchidarium and Botanical Garden are few places to visit.
Cherrapunji
The second wettest place on earth, Cherrapunji is blessed with lush natural beauty. The picturesque beauty is a place to relax and enjoy the offerings of nature. Attractions you must not fail to visit are Nohkalikai Falls, Mawsmai Cave, Mawmluh Cave, Krem Phyllut Cave, Dain-Thlen Falls, Kynrem Falls, Nohsngithiang Falls, Cherrapunji Theological College at Nongsawlia Thangkharang Park and Khoh Ramhah or Basket of the Giant.
Dawki
Dawki is one of the most beautiful places of Meghalaya snuggled in the Jaintia Hills. Known for the Indo-Bangladesh border crossing, the place is much more than dat. It is blessed with surreal crystal clear blue green waters of Umngot Creek. Only a suspension bridge connects the two hills. A boat race is held every year on the month of February. The scenic beauty is a good place to relax in nature's lap.
Mawsynram
The wettest place on Earth, Mawsynram is a spectacle of nature. Nature baths with brutal and deafening rain showers Snuggled 1400 metres above sea level it is blessed with lush environs owing to heavy rains. There are numerous attractions to check out in the rainy town. Caves, waterfalls, living roots bridges made of rubber trees are some delights. It is a perfect location to relax.
Mawlynnong
Mawlynnong is named the "Cleanest Village in Asia" by a travel magazine. Also dubbed "God's Own Garden", the village is an outstanding example of community-based eco-tourism. The locals have constructed a remarkable Sky View platform from bamboo atop the highest tree in the forest, nearly 80 feet up. It offers a bird's eye view of the village and panoramic view across to Bangladesh.
[Read more with Meghalaya travel guide or explore packages]
4. Places to Visit in Arunachal Pradesh
Land of the Rising Sun, Arunachal Pradesh has many undiscovered places to attract tourists from many parts of the world. Tourist attractions of the North East state include Buddhist monasteries, beautiful natural lakes, bamboo bridges overhanging the river and undiscovered scenic beauties. Rafting and trekking are attractable sports. Explore wilderness in pure form in one of the unexplored national park of India which is home to unique Great Hornbills and Red Giant Flying Squirrel.
Tawang Monastery
Tawang Monastery also known as Galden Namgyal Lhatse dates back to the 17th century. The largest monastery in India is where monks are taught the essence of their religion. The manuscripts are rare and important. Impressive interiors, structure and ambiance is not the only thing of note. The pristine location is awe-inspiring. Situated at an elevation of 10,000 feet above sea level at a picturesque setting of Tawang Valley.
Sela Pass
Sela Pass is the connecting point of Arunachal Pradesh to the rest of the India. The snow covered mountain pass is one of the most beautiful places in India. This mystic motorable pass is nestled at an elevation of 2244 metres above sea level the waters of lakes and rivers are crystal blue, the roads twisting in dangerous angles yet the beauty is spectacular.
Any tour of Arunachal Pradesh is not complete without visiting the state capital Itanagar. The city is replete with attractions. Visit the Ita Fort, an ancient monument belonging to 14th and 15th century. Natural treasures of Ganga Lake, pleasant scenery of lush forests and orchid gardens. Itanagar wildlife sanctuary which is home to various species. The museum has alluring relics of the tribal heritage of the state. Pleasant resorts and hotels pampers guests with a comfortable stay.
Bomdila is an ideal holiday getaway offering views of snow clad Himalayan mountain range at 8000 feet above sea level. Ideal for family outing, quiet place to romance in solitude and self-exploration, here there are options to spend a cherished time. Enjoy the arts and crafts scene as it is centre of tribal culture. Take home some beautiful souvenirs.
The UNESCO World Heritage Site of Ziro is a blessed natural beauty. The Apatani Plateau offers the city blessed lush scenery. Trekking, camping are the most intriguing delights of the place. Ziro is also the gateway to a number of other attractive spots like Kardo Hills, Talley Valley, Talley Wildlife Sanctuary, etc. An international music event is organized every year. The rock music draws participants and audiences from all over the globe.
[Read more with Arunachal Pradesh travel guide or explore packages]
5. Places to Visit in Tripura
Tripura is one of the blessed state of North East India. Famous for its cultural treasures, there are numerous ancient temples, cultural centers and the pleasant natural beauty. Ranking as the third smallest state in the country it certainly does not lack in attractions. 19 indigenous tribes call it home with other population. The beautiful capital city, Agartala has various allures for a memorable holiday. Divine temples with roots in mythological tales, unique sculptures and remnants of a glorious empire are some thrilling attractions.
The capital city of Tripura, Agartala has the best allures of the state. The city is rich in natural beauty. The tribal and the state culture is well preserved in the museums. The wildlife sanctuaries are home to rare delights of the state. The glorious past and heritage of the state can be seen in their ancient temples, places and other monuments. Any tour of the state remains incomplete without a visit to the city.
Jampui Hills
Jampui hills is the highest hill range of the state. The eco-sphere of the region is blessed with rare species of flora, fauna and endemic species. Clouds creates a mystical and beautiful appearance. Trekking and safari of the hill range is incredible. The views of the panorama are blissful. In the month of November, during the Orange and Tourism Festival, crowds from all over the world reach the place.
The second largest city in Tripura, Dharmanagar has a rich past. The heritage treasures are evident from the historic monuments and palaces. The vast stretches of rugged terrains, lush green forests and amazing wildlife create a wonderful a backdrop. Check out the alluring ISKCON temple, Hari Mandir and Shiva Bari. Visit the city during any religious festival and enjoy festivities in regal splendor.
Udaipur had been a glorious capital of Tripura. The city has heritage and culture that any visitor will love to explore. There are numerous ruined buildings, palaces and holy lakes scattered all over the city. Tripura Sundari temples is a significant temple of the place. The revered site is a famous Kali Temple where devotees come from all over the world.
Kailashahar is another important site of the treasured heritage of Tripura. Unakoti is the biggest allure of the place. Hundreds of rock cut sculptures lie scattered here. The mystical and revered ruins are the site of many religious festivals. An 11 feet ruined carving of Lord Shiva is one prominent allure. Other attractions are Choudoo Devotar temple, Lakhi Narayan Bari and lush tea estates.
[ Browse through Tripura Tour Packages at IHPL ]
6. Places to Visit in Mizoram
The unexplored gem of North East, Mizoram is spectacular. A land of diverse landscapes, cultures, attractions; this state is blessed. 21 peaks of the Himalayan range of different altitudes are located in these lands. Sharing its boundaries with three states and two countries, it is one of the intriguing holiday destinations. Thrilling adventures, delectable food, rare arts and crafts, vibrant dance and music are other delights. Paddy fields, rolling hills, gurgling waterfalls, unique flora and fauna create the perfect backdrop.
The capital city of Mizoram, Aizawl is the largest city of the state. Located at an altitude of 1132 meters above sea level overlooking valleys and hill ranges. Called the "Home of Highlanders", it is blessed with cultural richness. The main attractions here are the Durtlang Hills, Bara Bazaar, Mizoram State Museum, and Solomon's Temple.
The second largest city in the beautiful state of Mizoram, Lunglei is a palette of natural beauty, attractions and delights. Visit the stone bridge Lung-lei after which the city has been named. Apart from this there is the Khawnglung Wildlife Sanctuary home to the species inhabitaning in the amiable forest cover. The Saikuti Hall is a good place to get a glimpse of the intriguing heritage of the state. Artists exhibit their paintings and also conducts concerts and celebrations.
Kolasib is a small town in Mizoram. Having its own share of natural beauty and attractions of the state, the allure is the people. The population inhabiting the locales are of Mongolian breed with roots in Myanmar. Their culture, lifestyle, practices are exceptional. Feel the warm hospitality as you cross this place or take a stop.
[ Explore Mizoram Tour Packages at IndianHoliday.com ]
7. Places to Visit in Manipur
Manipur is an untouched paradise of India. As the name goes it means 'A Jeweled Land'. The name is proven by its beauty, attractions and pleasures. The culture of the state is made special with its unique dance form of Manipuri and music. enjoy the glimpse of the tribal heritage as well. Some of the places worth visiting are the Shree Govindajee Temple, Kaina, Khwairamand Bazaar, Manipur Zoological Garden, Langthabal, Keibul Lamjao National Park, Sekta Archeological Living Museum, Loktak Lake and Sendra Island.
The capital city of Manipur, Imphal is blessed with scenic beauty and wildlife. The game Polo originated here. Mentioned in the records of Second World War the city has witnessed two wars. It is clustered with numerous tourist places like Shree Govindajee Temple, the Kangla Palace, War Cemeteries, Ima Keithel; a bazaar run by the women folk only, Imphal valley, gardens, ancient relics, temples and monuments.
Loktak Lake
Loktak Lake is the largest freshwater lake in northeast India, also called the only Floating lake in the world. Numerous phumdis float on its surface. Phumdis are heterogeneous mass of vegetation, soil, and organic matters at various stages of decomposition that have thickened into a solid form. They cover an extensive part of the lake area. These floating surfaces are sturdy ad are inhabited by rural fishermen.
Keibul Lamjao National Park
Keibul Lamjao National park is a unique treasure. Located on a floating island of Loktak Lake, it is home to a variety of animals and birds. It is home to the endangered Eld's Deer or the Brow-antlered Deer, locally known as Sangai. Visit the park for a day tour and enjoy a rare ecosphere. The national park lies in Bishnupur district of Manipur.
[Explore Manipur Tour Packages at IndianHoliday.com]
8. Places to Visit in Nagaland
The undulating landscape of Nagaland is shrouded in awe-inspiring mysteries. The north east state is blessed with majestic hills, lush valleys and population of 16 indigenous tribes. Tribal heritage is the biggest draw to the state. Relish the panorama of beautiful nature, warm hospitality of amiable people, intriguing culture & traditions, vibrant festivities, delicious food and memorable holidays. The Hornbill Festival held every year in the first week of December is the best time to visit.
The capital city, Kohima is undoubtedly the most charming place to visit in Nagaland. The blend of the ancient and the modern has painted this town in an interesting. Kohima offers an insight into the life of the Angami tribe who predominate this region. The Japfu Peak, Pulebadze Peak, Tseminyu, Kohima War Cemetery, Naga Bazaar, Kohima Zoo, Kohima State Museum and Deputy Commissioner's Bungalow are other places of interest for the tourists.
The entry to the mysterious Nagaland, Dimapur offers ample opportunities to nature and history lovers. It is a colorful land that reflects authentic treasures of the region. Witness the culture of various indigenous tribes of the state. Glimpse through the finest artefacts of the state. Check out ZoologicalPark, Ao Baptist Church, Diezephe Craft Village, Nagaland Science Centre, Green Park, Rangapahar Forest Reserve, Intaki Wildlife Sanctuary and Shiv Mandir.
The lively district in Nagaland, home of the Ao tribe is known for rich hospitality, rich traditions and festivals. It is considered the cultural and intellectual capital of Nagaland. The village is known for the vivacious celebrations of festivals. The attractions comprise of Changkikong Range, Langpangkong, Fusen Kei and Mongzu Ki Caves, Changtongya, Longkhum Village, Longritzu Lenden Valley, Tangkum Marok Spring, Mokokchung District Museum, Mokokchung Park, etc.
Dotted with colorful orchards, carpeted with multi-hued flowers and fringed by hills and rivers, Wokha is a nature lovers' paradise. The homeland of Lotha tribe, the rural life of Nagaland can be best enjoyed here. The land abounds in natural bounty of fruits like pineapples, plums and oranges. Mount Tiyi, Liphanyan Governor's Camp, Totsu Cliff, Tehurang Valley, Baghty Valley, etc interests travelers. Tokhu Emong Festival in the month of November is a good time to visit.
[Browse through our North East India Tour Packages]
Top Places to Visit in India
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Debasree Chakraborty
A travel writer by profession and self-professed addict to literature and travelling. Go through her penned down travel experiences on Indianluxurytrains.com
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Brock Jayleen says:
Actually, I have heard of North East India that is a very good place. I am also planning a North East India Trip and I wanted information about the locations of North East India That's why I searched Google and I found your blog. I got great information which is important for my trip. Thanks for helpful info shared with me.
Swatantra Chauhan says:
Northeast is so mesmerizing, beautifully written blog.
Saptarshi Bhattacharya says:
Nice post author. Thank you. Keep it up.


U.S. worker deaths cost society more than $43 billion over a 10-year period, according to findings from a NIOSH report (.pdf file) released Dec. 17.
The study examined data gathered from all 50 states in the National Traumatic Occupational Fatality surveillance system from 1992 to 2001. The $43 billion in societal costs from the 51,684 deaths that occurred during that period was factored by combining indirect costs (such as the loss of future earnings of the deceased worker) with direct costs (such as the medical expenses).
Men made up the majority (93 percent) of all fatalities, and had slightly higher average societal costs ($835,000) than women ($815,000).
People 35-44 years old had the highest average societal costs of $1.07 million. Those 65 and older had the lowest average societal costs at $75,000.
The industry divisions with the greatest number of deaths and highest society costs during the 10 years were construction, transportation, communication and public utilities.


Top Fashion Photographer NINA LUBARDA is internationally recognized for her high-profile work in fashion, beauty, advertising & editorial photography. FUTURE FACES NYC concentrates on top campaigns bookings for a carefully selected, premium talent.
Meet TOP CHILD MODEL GIAVONNA represented by NINA LUBARDA MODEL MANAGEMENT and kids division FUTURE FACES NYC. Giavonna is very successful child model represented by Future Faces NYC. She has appeared in prestigious magazines, fashion campaigns, fashion shows and magazine covers.
1. Show up. You would be very surprised how many people don't show up for important agency's meetings, requested castings and bookings. Great agency will focus on your child's long term modeling career. You should be professional and responsive. Always call or inform your agency if you will be late. Try to be always on time but if you know you will be late call or text. It is always better to be honest. You don't want to risk a great relationship with your child's agent. When your child is booked for a job casting directors, photographers and producers made their decision. They confirmed your child. It is mostly a huge organization for photo shoots for kids campaigns as GAP. JOE FRESH, H&M, CARTER'S, HUGGIES, GERBER, LITTLE AKIABARA, J. CREW…so come on time. Bookings depend also on you if your child has been booked.
2. Be on time. You would be very surprised how many people show up late for important castings and bookings. Be on time for your booking. Prestigious brands work with professional agencies and expect professionalism from parents. Plan additional time as you cannot predict the traffic. Have some favorite items for your child. Sometimes there could be a waiting time during the shoot and your child should do something he/she likes but would not interrupt the shoot. Crayons and paper are a great idea.
3. Have a pleasant and cooperative attitude. You would be shocked how many promising careers never get off the ground because the parent(s) and/or the model likes to argue and complain. Be kind and nice. Never look as a stage parent asking too many questions or be too involved at the shoot. Be there to help if needed but casting directors and photographers work with your child. Your child should focus on their directions not yours. They will make all efforts to make your child happy for photos.
4. Always have up-to-date professional looking photographs and comp cards to show. Wishful thinkers often don't think up to date photographs and comp cards are important but in the very competitive world of kids modeling, how you present yourself is everything and if you don't present yourself professionally, real agents and clients simply WILL NOT take you seriously. If your child is a baby or very young you can take some sharp nice snapshots outdoor against the plain background. Do your best. Have in mind that casting directors would like to see your child's face not disturbing background elements. Keep your child's hair style simple, no glasses, accessories. Styling should be similar to GAP style. Plain colors and skinny jeans work best.
5. Real agencies "obtain, seek and procure" bookings for models. Always carefully review agency's website before you'll make any decision for your child. Do you see tear sheets? Do you see photos of any prestigious brands on children agency's website? Do you think majority of children agency represents look as models? Does kids agency represent hundreds of kids or only very carefully selected children? Would you want your child to be one of hundreds of kids? Do you prefer personal attention and special dedication for your child? If any agency request payment to submit your child it is most likely a scam. They take money from hundreds of hoping parents. Professional agencies do not charge for submissions.