Ribbon bar. Select the Data tab. In the Transformations group, click Standardize to display the Standardization of Values dialog box, which is used to standardize variables in the active spreadsheet.
Classic menus. From the Data menu, select Standardize to display the Standardization of Values dialog box, which is used to standardize variables in the active spreadsheet.
Click the Variables button to display the Select Variables dialog box, which is used to select the variables to be standardized.
By default, all cases are used in computing means and standard deviations for each variable. However, you can use case selection conditions to compute the mean and standard deviation for a subset of the cases in the active spreadsheet. As an example of this type of subset standardization, you can standardize values once for Males and then for Females in order to obtain standardized scores according to their respective (different) group means and standard deviations. To do so, click the Cases button to display the Spreadsheet Case Selection Conditions dialog box. Here, you specify new case selection conditions or open existing conditions. For more information about case selection conditions, see Case Selection Conditions - Overview.
By default, each selected case contributes equally to the computation of the variable means and standard deviations. To change this, click the Weight button to display the Spreadsheet Case Weights dialog box, where you select a weighting variable. By specifying one variable as containing weights, the influence of each case can be varied by an amount proportional to the value of the weight variable for the case.


text:
Tuesday, April 22, 2003, Chandigarh, India
H A R Y A N A
Fatehabad poll: INLD, CPM declare nominees
Fatehabad, April 21
Ms Swatantra Chowdhary is the Indian National Lok Dal candidate for the byelection to the Fatehabad Assembly seat scheduled for May 21.
The INLD candidate for the Fatehabad byelection, Ms Swatantra Chowdhary, with her supporters at Fatehabad on Monday.
Haryana Cong delays announcing nominee
Chandigarh, April 21
The Haryana Congress has further delayed the announcement of its candidate for the Fatehabad Assembly byelection, though the major parties, the ruling Indian National Lok Dal and the Haryana Vikas Party have already nominated their candidates.
Confederation not to field candidate
Haryana to have sports varsity at Jind
Jind, April 21
Mr Om Prakash Chautala, Chief Minister, announced here yesterday that a sports university, the first of its kind in India, would be established at Jind and it would be named after Deenbandhu Sir Chhotu Ram.
27 get life imprisonment
Kaithal, April 21
In the murder case of lovers Des Raj and Nirmala of Simla village of this district which took place in March, 1999, the Additional District and Sessions Judge Manjit Singh here today sentenced 27 persons of both sides to life imprisonment and fined them Rs 10,000 after convicting them under Section 302, IPC.
Stories from Haryana towns falling in the National Capital Region are put in NCR Tribune.
CM may announce INLD nominee today
Kalam calls for another green revolution
CM keeps opponents guessing on nominee
Four Haryana Bills await Governor's nod
Chautala woos Punjabis, seeks vote on performance
Fatehabad byelection: Chautala dares Bhajan to field son
Cong leaders in a quandary
VC promises action on question paper leakage
Cong rally now on
BKU warms up to Congress
Elderly woman found murdered
Ambala, April 21
An elderly woman was found murdered at a house in Sharda Nagar, Ambala city, today. The victim, Koushal Rani Sharma, around 70 years old, who was staying with her elder son Rakesh Sharma was murdered under mysterious circumstances around noon, when her son and daughter-in-law had gone out for work and her grandchildren had gone to school. Her daughter Anita Rani, who had come to attend a relative's wedding in the city from Bhopal, could not see her mother alive this time.
Policeman inspects the crime scene in Ambala city on Monday. (Inset) Koushal Rani Sharma. — Photo Neeraj Chopra
F.C. College staff seek action against teacher
Hisar, April 21
Teachers and members of the non-teaching staff of the local Fateh Chand College for Women has asked Kurukshetra University and the Commissioner of Higher Education, Haryana, to take action against a Sirsa-based college teacher, who has been booked by the police for allegedly misbehaving and assaulting the college staff on Saturday
DC, CMO 'harassing' doctor couple
The case of the recent transfer of a doctor couple from the Civil Hospital here to Gurgaon district took a new turn when the doctor, Mr B.B. Ghakkar, in a press note here alleged that he and his wife Neelam Ghakkar were facing danger to their lives from the Deputy Commissioner, Mr Anurag Agarwal, and the CMO, Dr N.K. Dhawan.
Four of family die in mishap
Yamunanagar, April 21
Four persons of a family died in an accident yesterday. According to information, 49-year-old Sukhdev Raj Bawa, who was running Bawa Hospital on the Workshop road, along with his family was coming Kurukshetra after attending a marriage when their car dashed against a stationary tractor-trailer loaded with sugarcane near Rattangarh village, about 10 km from here.
Suicide by woman
Our Correspondent
The Haryana Chief Minister, Mr Om Prakash Chautala, today announced his party's decision to field Ms Chowdhary. He also inaugurated the election office of his nominee.
Ms Chowdhary (48) is the wife of Mr Narinder Chowdhary, eldest son of former legislator Leela Krishan, whose death on March 24 this year has necessitated the byelection. The INLD nominee is at present working as Principal at the local Government Girls Senior Secondary School. Her husband is a senior manager with the Punjab and Sind Bank and is posted at Hisar. She will file her nomination papers on May 2.
Addressing mediapersons after announcing the party nominee, Mr Chautala said his party had always been in favour of encouraging women in politics.
The Chief Minister said though he would be present at the time of the filing of the nomination papers of his candidate, he would not come for campaigning unless party workers felt it necessary to call him.
Mr Chautala criticised the statement of the HVP leader, Mr Surender Singh, that he would ask the Election Commission to stop the Chief Minister and his sons from entering the constituency during polling. He wondered how the commission could impose curbs on their movement.
The CPM has decided to field Mr Krishan Swaroop as its candidate for the seat.
Mr Krishan Swaroop (54) has already contested twice from this constituency on the CPM ticket. He is a former sarpanch of Gorakhpur village, one of the biggest villages of the constituency.
Mr Ram Kumar Bahbalpuria, secretary of the district unit of the party, said the party would fight against the money power of other parties with the "power of the masses". It would expose the "misdeeds" of the Chautala government.
The HVP continued its campaigning. Party secretary-general Surender Singh toured Bothan Kalan, Bothan Khurd and several other villages and sought votes for his candidate, Mr Prahlad Singh Gillankhera.
Addressing public meetings Mr Surender Singh said the Haryana Chief Minister had been seeking votes on the basis of his performance during the past three years. He said that he too, was asking people to give the INLD government what it deserved on the basis of its "misdeeds" during that period.
Meanwhile, the Bharatiya Janata Party suffered a setback on Sunday when a senior leader, Dr Atam Parkash Mehta, announced his decision to leave the party and join the Congress. Dr Mehta had contested the 1991 poll for the Fatehabad seat unsuccessfully.
YAMUNANAGAR: Mr Bishan Lal Saini, BSP legislator, said here on Monday that his party would contest the Fatehabad byelection on its own.
The Haryana Congress has further delayed the announcement of its candidate for the Fatehabad Assembly byelection, though the major parties, the ruling Indian National Lok Dal (INLD) and the Haryana Vikas Party (HVP) have already nominated their candidates.
According to informed sources, a meeting of senior Haryana Congress leaders, including the party President, Mr Bhajan Lal; the Leader of the Opposition, Mr Bhupinder Singh Hooda, and Mr Birender Singh and Mr Shamsher Singh Surjewala, both former party Presidents, was held in Delhi this afternoon to finalise the party nominee for the Fatehabad byelection.
The sources say the overwhelming view at the meeting was that since Fatehabad was an area of influence of Mr Bhajan Lal, he should have a free hand in the selection of the candidate. The leaders were also of the view that the party candidate must be a "heavy weight", who could put up a meaningful fight. They felt that a new entrant to the politics may not be able to stand upto the ruling party.
The sources say when the leaders talked about a "heavy weight" candidate, their obvious reference was to a member of Mr Bhajan Lal's family, who could be either his younger son, Mr Kuldip Singh Bishnoi, or his nephew, Mr Dura Ram, who stays in Fatehabad.
It is believed that Mr Bhajan Lal also met Mrs Mohsina Kidwai, the AICC General Secretary in charge of Haryana, in connection with the selection.
The All-India Confederation of SC/ST Organisations, which is in the news because of its drive to convert Dalits to Buddhism, is gearing up to play a role in the bypoll at Fatehabad on May 21.
Mr Karamveer Singh, President of the confederation's Haryana unit, said that though they would not put up any candidate at Fatehabad, they would like to extend their support to one of the parties contesting the bypoll.
He claimed that the confederation was having a decent number of followers among the Dalits in that area, and added that on November 4, around 450 people belonging to the Scheduled Castes got converted to Buddhism at a function at Fatehabad.
Mr Chautala was speaking at a public function organised at the local Government College in honour of Dr A.K. Chawla, new Vice-Chancellor of Kurukshetra University, Mr Chautala said as per the decision of the state government, educational institutions of Haryana were being named after great personalities of India. The fifth university of Haryana being established at Sirsa had been named after former Deputy Prime Minister Devi Lal. He said able academicians were being appointed Vice-Chancellors to raise the standards of the universities of Haryana.
The Chief Minister said statues of important personalities were being installed at various places in the state so that people would get inspiration from them. But certain politicians were against this move of the government.
Talking about the new educational policy of the government, Mr Chautala said the teaching of English had been introduced from first standard and computer education from VI standard. He said that even the President of India, Mr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam had praised this step of the Haryana Government.
Earlier, Mr Chautala was the chief guest at a mass marriage function organised under the auspices of the Arya Pradeshik Pratinidhi Sabha, New Delhi and the Arya Yuvak Samaj on the occasion of Mahatma Hansraj's birth anniversary at the local DAV School. Marriages of 125 poor girls were solemnised at the function. Mr Sahib Singh Verma, Union Labour Minister and Mr Gyan Prakash Chopra, president, All India DAV College Managing Committee, were the guests of honour.
Speaking at the function, Mr Chautala said the Arya Samaj had taught people the lesson of loving mankind. Praising the role of the Arya Samaj, Mr Chautala said it had played a great role in India's freedom struggle by teaching people the lesson of unity. He praised the Vedic system of education.
Mr Sahib Singh Verma blessed the newly wedded couples. He praised the DAV institutions and the Arya Samaj for arranging marriages of poor girls. Mr Surender Singh Barwala, MP, Hisar, Mr Suraj Bhan Kajal, Chairman, Haryana Finance Commission, Mr Ram Phal Kundu, MLA and Mr Bhag Singh Chhatar, MLA, were also present at the function.
The court also sentenced and fined them separately under Sections 148 and 201. However the court acquitted six women of both sides after holding them not guilty. Those sentenced include Dharam Pal, Jagdish, Suresh, Rajesh, Sushil, Ram Niwas, Chander Bhan, Krishan, Bhim Singh, Prem Singh, Ram Chander, Dalip, Ramchander, Inder, Chander, Zile Singh, Ziya, Khushi Ram, Jag Pal , Miyan Singh, Mohinder, Tilku, Bhajna, Romesh, Ajmer, Bhartu and Pappu. Those acquitted include Matri, Beermati, Reshma, Rajpati, Kelo, wife of Pappu and Kelo, wife of Chander Bhan.
The case of the prosecution was that Des Raj and Nirmala of Simla village, both Dalits, eloped from the village on March 27, 1999. They were of the same gotra . However, they were brought back by the village panchayat the next day and a community panchayat was held at Kalayat in which the boy was ordered to leave the village and not to return for five years. The boy agreed to verdict, but he returned the next day. Following this, the community panchayat was held at Simla to decide the next course of action.
In the meanwhile, Des Raj was murdered in Harijan mohalla of the village and soon thereafter the girl was also murdered with sharp-edged weapons. Both were cremated by the villagers in the adjoining pyres.
On a complaint lodged by Inder Singh, brother of Des Raj, the police arrested 15 persons and put up their challans in the court.
Later, the mother of the girl filed a separate criminal complaint under Sections 148, 149, 302 and 201, IPC. She alleged that 18 persons, including four women, had murdered her daughter with sharp-edged weapons and later cremated her. The court summoned all 18 persons named in the complaint. After going through the witnesses , evidence produced in this case and arguments put up by the defence, the court sentenced 27 persons. The court also punished them under Sections 148 and 201, IPC, and sentenced them accordingly. The court ordered that all sentences shall run concurrently and the period already undergone by the accused in custody during the investigation and trial shall be set off against the awarded sentence.
An elderly woman was found murdered at a house in Sharda Nagar, Ambala city, today. The victim, Koushal Rani Sharma, around 70 years old, who was staying with her elder son Rakesh Sharma was murdered under mysterious circumstances around noon, when her son and daughter-in-law had gone out for work and her grandchildren had gone to school.
Her daughter Anita Rani, who had come to attend a relative's wedding in the city from Bhopal, could not see her mother alive this time. After getting no response on the telephone, she went to her mother's house around 1.30 pm but found her lying outside the kitchen with blood oozing out of her nose and head. She informed her younger brother staying in the neighbourhood. He thereupon informed the police, which soon reached the crime scene. The assaulter(s), reportedly took away the bangles and earrings that she was wearing after hitting her with a heavy object.
According to information available, the deceased, wife of Mr Bhup Chand Bhatt, was staying with her younger son Rajesh Sharma in the same colony. The murder took place when Rakesh and his wife Parveen, both government teachers, had gone to their workplace in Punjab, around 15 km from here. While two of their children, Parul (13) and Rahul (8), had gone to PKR Jain Public School, their other daughter Aneesha was studying in Chandigarh.
While the younger son of the deceased, Rajesh Sharma, is a surveyor in an insurance company, his wife is a housewife.
The SP, Mr Hardeep Singh Doon, who visited the spot said investigations had been initiated and a case under Section 302 of the IPC registered. He said though the exact cause of the murder would be ascertained only after the post-mortem examination, it was apparently committed by someone known to her.
The SP informed that there were no signs of outside injuries on the body even as her earrings and bangles, which were not of gold, had been removed.
The body has been taken to the local Civil Hospital for a post-mortem examination, which will be done tomorrow.
It may be recalled an 82-year-old woman was murdered in the Model town area under similar circumstances around two months back. Her grandson was later arrested for committing the murder.
Teachers and members of the non-teaching staff of the local Fateh Chand College for Women has asked Kurukshetra University and the Commissioner of Higher Education, Haryana, to take action against a Sirsa-based college teacher, who has been booked by the police for allegedly misbehaving and assaulting the college staff on Saturday.
In separate resolutions passed at a meeting today the college staff pointed out that the teacher concerned had been deputed by the university as observer for the examination centre but his actions had maligned the reputation of the teaching community and the university. The other resolution asked the Commissioner to take departmental action against the teacher.
Meanwhile, the president of the governing body of the college, Mr Jagat Saroop, denied the allegations. Talking to mediapersons he said the teacher concerned had misbehaved with the college staff even after the police was called in.
The case of the recent transfer of a doctor couple from the Civil Hospital here to Gurgaon district took a new turn when the doctor, Mr B.B. Ghakkar, in a press note here alleged that he and his wife Neelam Ghakkar were facing danger to their lives from the Deputy Commissioner, Mr Anurag Agarwal, and the CMO, Dr N.K. Dhawan. He further alleged that he and his wife were being mentally harassed by two officials.
Dr Ghakkar, while talking to mediapersons here yesterday, alleged that the Deputy Commissioner was behind their transfer as he had filed a defamation suit against the Deputy Commissioner in March which was pending in a local court. The DC has said their is no question of his being prejudiced against the doctor couple and he had never issued threats to them.
The CMO rebutted all charges against him by Dr Ghakkar.
Dr Bawa, his 47-year-old younger brother Jagdish Raj Bawa, his 20-year-old son Mandeep, and 19-year-old Dheeraj, son of Dr Jagdish Bawa, died.
Five per cent reservation in allotment of plots in the urban estate of HUDA will be made for those police personnel who died in encounters with anti-social elements. This was stated by the DGP of Haryana, Mr M.S. Malik, here today. TNS
A woman of a village close to Naraingarh allegedly committed suicide by hanging herself from a fan in her room. According to information, the deceased, Mamta, was married around two years back. On Monday morning when she did not get up, members of her family went to her room where she was found hanging from a ceiling fan. OC
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We all dream, don't we? Imagine your dream would become true one day! My dreams are mostly day dreams, especially when I am in my study room. One of my dreams was to become the education minister. If I become the Education Minister of this country, I think the first thing I would do will be to stop home works in schools. There would be no private schools and all schools would be under the government. There would be free education for all students. There would be only one system of education followed all over India. The textbooks followed will be the same, except for the regional language. This will help those parents who get transfers; it will be easy for them to do the follow up. Thus all Indians will have equal education, irrespective of their circumstances. I think our system of education is more theoretical than practical. So, I will encourage application level education. We students look like load carriers with our school bags. The number of books carried by students will be made less. There would be one big textbook for all the subjects. The notebooks would be different. Each academic year will have three semesters. So the students need to carry only one textbook for each semester. More co-curricular and extracurricular activities would be included in the curriculum. Martial arts would be made a compulsory subject in the syllabus. Admissions to schools would be through merit or entrance. There would be no compulsory interview or tests for kids in the preschool levels. Giving and taking of donations would be considered a crime and they would be strictly punished. We students often just mug up for the sake of marks, so there would be a limited syllabus and the things that are taught would be taught thoroughly well. Hence, children will have more time for themselves and can study by themselves without relying on tuitions or private coaching. Let's see what we can do for the teachers. Teachers would be sent for workshops and renewal classes to keep them updated and to learn new methods of teaching, thus avoiding the monotony. The class strength would be just thirty students in each class and two teachers would cater to these students, so when one teacher goes for the training the other teacher can manage the class without any hindrance. Classrooms would be facilitated with modern equipments. Group work would be introduced which will include projects that should be done in the class under the supervision of a trained teacher, no projects would be allowed to be taken home. This is to ensure that things are done strictly by the students and not by the parents or outsourced. Now after writing this I think I should really become the education minister! So I've decided to pursue my dream and become a politician first!
Essay is good but after the beginning of the essay it is written that there would be no homeworks for students, therefore, in my view, (I m also a student) a student is nothing without a self-study and mainly most of the students will not study if homeworks are stopped.


Mahwah, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Add tags for "Peabody journal of education.". Be the first.
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text:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug-resistance in previously treated patients in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
L Sangare1, S Diande2, S Kouanda3, BI Dingtoumda4, A Mourfou4, F Ouedraogo4, I Sawadogo4, B Nebie4, A Gueye4, LT Sawadogo5, AS Traore4
1 University Hospital Centre Yalgado Ouedraogo, 03 BP 7022 Ouagadougou 03; and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
2 Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03; and National Centre against Tuberculosis, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
3 Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
4 Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
5 National Centre against Tuberculosis, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
L Sangare
Department of Bacteriology and Virology, University Hospital Centre Yalgado Ouedraogo, 03 BP 7022 Ouagadougou 03,
Source of Support: "Secure The Future" from BMS Foundation,, Conflict of Interest: None
Background: Tuberculosis drug-resistance becomes common in sub-Saharan Africa; however, very few data are available in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study is to assess the acquired resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains identified in TB patients to four first-line drugs in Ouagadougou. Methods: One hundred and ten (110) pulmonary tuberculosis patients with acid-fast bacilli-positive sputum and in situation of failure, relapse, or treatment abandonment were included in the study. Ninety six strains, including 92 (95.8%) M. tuberculosis and 4 (4.2%) M. africanum, were isolated from the sputum samples of these patients. Their drug susceptibility testing was performed using the proportion method. The first-line drugs tested were isoniazid (INH), streptomycin (STR), ethambutol (EMB), and rifampicin (RIF). Results: The overall drug-resistance rate of M. tuberculosis was 67.4% (n=60), including 3.4% to one drug, 18% to two, 10.1% to three, and 35.9% to four drugs. The resistance to INH, RIF, EMB, and STR were 67.4%, 51.7%, 50.6%, and 44.9%, respectively. Two strains of M. africanum were resistant to all drugs. Forty-six (51.7%) strains were multidrug-resistant (resistant to at least INH and RIF). Conclusions: In previously treated patients, the level of resistance of M. tuberculosis complex to commonly used anti-tuberculosis drugs is very high in Ouagadougou. Our results showed that multidrug-resistant tuberculosis could be a public health problem in Burkina Faso.
Sangare L
Diande S
Kouanda S
Dingtoumda B I
Mourfou A
Ouedraogo F
Sawadogo I
Nebie B
Gueye A
Sawadogo L T
Traore A S


text:
Home > Volume 79 Number 3 >	Brown
Identification and distribution of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) haplotypes in Jamaica. (140)
Sherline Brown, Wayne McLaughlin, Ivone Torres Jerez, Judith K. Brown
Collections of Jamaican whiteflies were identified using morphological characters. Those identified as Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) were further identified to esterase type using diagnostic general esterase patterns using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Over 216 B. tabaci adults from 22 Jamaican collections were identical to the B type esterase banding patterns identified first for the B biotype from Arizona, U.S.A. Of the plant species sampled in Jamaica, 86% were hosts of the B biotype of B. tabaci. Non-B esterase patterns were identified for two B. tabaci colonizing cassava and milkweed, respectively. Maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses of the mitochondrial (mt) 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequences for Jamaican B. tabaci and reference sequences for well-studied B. tabaci haplotypes indicated that the non-B B. tabaci from Jamaica were of New World origin, whereas individuals identified as the B biotype were indistinguishable from those for other B biotype collections, worldwide. Bemisia tabaci collected from cassava in Jamaica was most closely related to the monophagous Jatropha biotype described in Puerto Rico, U.S.A., at 98.2% nucleotide identity. The collection from milkweed shared 98.4-99.6% nucleotide identity with several polyphagous haplotypes in the Americas and Caribbean region. The mt 16S rRNA sequence for the B biotype from tomato and muskmelon in Jamaica shared 99.1-99.3% nucleotide identity with the B biotype reference from Arizona. The presence of two New World haplotypes of B. tabaci in Jamaica are being reported for the first time, which may be analogous to the Jatropha and Sida biotypes (races), respectively, previously known only from Puerto Rico, and confirm that the exotic B biotype of B. tabaci is widespread in Jamaica.
Biotype; Esterases; Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene; Whitefly; Jamaica


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Crowdsource: Plumbers For Flint
By Katie Bascuas / Jun 1, 2016 (Handout photo)
The plumbing industry tackles the Flint water crisis.
In the midst of the recent water crisis in Flint, Michigan, a group of plumbing organizations stepped in to help ensure that residents had access to safe drinking water.
Members of Plumbing Manufacturers International donated faucets, water filters, and other plumbing supplies and installed them in local homes with help from the United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe Fitting Industry.
"The breach in Flint really demonstrates exactly how important plumbing is and how much people take the safety of plumbing for granted," says Barbara Higgens, CEO and executive director of PMI, which represents the manufacturers of plumbing products. The crisis in Flint was also an opportunity for PMI to live out its vision that plumbing should always be safe and responsible.
"Flint gave us an opportunity to practice what we preach," Higgens says.
The water crisis, which began in 2014 after the city switched its water supply from Detroit to the Flint River, came to a head last fall when it was confirmed that the city's water tested for high levels of lead, and a state of emergency was declared.
For PMI and its members, the crisis provided an opportunity to give back, live out its vision, and stay relevant—something Higgens advises other associations to consider when looking at causes where they may be able to lend a hand.
"Just stay tuned to current events, and where there's an opportunity to engage in current events, I think it's a win-win," she says.
Great Productivity Tools: Work Smarter, Not HarderKatie Bascuas
Executive Summary: Ian Santo DomingoAssociations Now Staff
Ask the CEO: Conor McNultyAssociations Now Staff
Executive Director American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, Inc. (ASLMS) Vice President, Industry Relations International Foodservice Distributors Association, Inc. Executive Director International Public Managers Association - Human Resources (IPMA-HR) More at Association CareerHQ


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Why Did People Become White?
A host of evolutionary pressures at work that contributed to the development of lighter skin, but for now, scientists aren't sure exactly what produced white people. Image (Image credit: stockxpert)
Humans come in a rainbow of hues, from dark chocolate browns to nearly translucent whites.
This full kaleidoscope of skin colors was a relatively recent evolutionary development, according to biologists, occuring alongside the migration of modern humans out of Africa between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago.
The consensus among scientists has always been that lower levels of vitamin D at higher latitudes — where the sun is less intense — caused the lightening effect when modern humans, who began darker-skinned, first migrated north.
But other factors might be at work, a new study suggests. From the varying effects of frostbite to the sexual preferences of early men, a host of theories have been reviewed.
Vitamin iDea
Vitamin D plays an important role in bone growth and the body's natural protection against certain diseases, and the inability to absorb enough in areas of less-powerful sunlight would have decreased life expectancies in our African ancestors. The further north they trekked, the more vitamin D they needed and the lighter they got over the generations, due to natural selection.
This explanation accounts for the world's gradients of skin color traveling south to north, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among African immigrants to higher latitudes, as well as the relatively darker skin of Canada's Inuit peoples, who have good levels of vitamin D despite living in the Arctic, due to their diet rich in oily fish.
Sounds about right ... right?
In fact, there might have been a number of concurrent evolutionary pressures at work that contributed to the development of lighter skin, according to a new study published in the August issue of the Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology.
"In our opinion the vitamin D hypothesis is one of the most likely hypotheses responsible for skin lightening, although there still is no consensus about it," said study author Asta Juzeniene of the Oslo University Hospital in Oslo, Norway.
A number of competing theories were explained and evaluated by Juzeniene and her team, reopening a debate that remains one of the most interesting and controversial in biology.
Paling in comparison
Sexual selection may have played a role, for one, with males preferring paler skin in northern latitudes, the researchers surmised.
"One of the hypotheses is that men seem to prefer women with a light skin color, which can be regarded as a sign of youth and fertility," Juzeniene told LiveScience. "Because light skin characterizes the early infant stage of primates, it may have become a visual cue that triggers appropriate adult behavior toward infants, i.e. decreased aggressiveness and increased desire to provide care and protection," she said.
As lighter skin became associated with increased health in northerly latitudes, men may have preferred mates with lighter skin and produced ever-paler generations. Fertility and health statistics at different latitudes from a few thousand years ago aren't available, Juzeniene cautioned, however, so the theory is difficult to test.
Frostbite was another causal effect investigated by the researchers.
Some reports from American soldiers serving in the Korean War and elsewhere have indicated that dark skin is more prone to frostbite than white because it emits more heat. In colder climates, evolution could have negatively selected for paler skin if frostbite was significant enough to perhaps kill darker-skinned children.
Despite the anecdotal evidence, there is not enough scientific data to support frostbite as a strong enough single factor to lighten skin in places such as Europe, the researchers said.
Another possibility noted was the switch from subsistence-based economies to agriculture approximately 10,000 years ago, which eliminated vitamin D-rich food sources from the diet. This would have had an especially potent effect in northern Europe, according to Juzeniene and her team.
"Development of agriculture has occurred in several places, and did not necessarily lead to skin lightening if the ambient UVB [ultraviolet light from the sun] level was sufficiently high to allow adequate vitamin D synthesis. Cold climates and high latitudes would speed up the need for skin lightening," however, if people were relying mainly on grains as a food source, the researchers wrote.
The main problem with this agriculture theory is that the switch from gathering to farming occurred relatively recently, and scientists question whether all of the evolutionary changes associated with skin color could have happened so quickly.
Skin lightening could also have been accelerated by something as simple as genetic drift, making it "easier" for a pale skin mutations to succeed in northern latitudes.
Though other elements may have come into play and need to be examined further, vitamin D remains the most likely explanation, Juzeniene stressed, especially given its role in overall health.
"If we assume that vitamin D does not play any role in the development of human skin color, neither white nor dark, many people in the world would suffer from vitamin D deficiency," she said.
While people of all skin types have the ability to produce the same amount of vitamin D in their systems, "highly pigmented people will need to stay in the sun around 6 times longer than light people in order to synthesize the same amount of vitamin D," Juzeniene said, and a lack of the vitamin — something occurring among many American children right now, partly because they don't get out much — can make humans more susceptible to everything from heart disease to internal cancers.
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I received this costume in the mail and was a little disappointed. The "fur" is falling off everywhere (the floor, on myself and on my 8 month old) and it is not as fluffy as it appears in the picture. I was expecting more for the price I paid!


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE TS>
<TS version="2.0">
<context>
    <name>QObject</name>
    <message>
        <source>Keep these display settings?</source>
        <translation>Żomm dawn is-settings wiri?</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>The previous attempt failed, please check your settings and try again.</source>
        <translation>L-attentat preċedenti naqset, jekk jogħġbok iċċekkja settings tiegħek u erġa 'pprova.</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Your display has been configured.
Keep these settings?</source>
        <translation>Display tiegħek ġie konfigurati.
Żomm dawn is-settings?</translation>
    </message>
</context>
<context>
    <name>XGUI</name>
    <message>
        <source>Display Settings</source>
        <translation>Settings tal display</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Apply</source>
        <translation>Applika</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Skip</source>
        <translation>Aqbeż</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>General</source>
        <translation>Ġenerali</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Screen Resolution:</source>
        <translation>Riżoluzzjoni Screen:</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>1024x768</source>
        <translation>1024x768</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Color Depth:</source>
        <translation>Fond Kulur:</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>24bits</source>
        <translation>24bits</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Video Driver</source>
        <translation>Video Driver</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Advanced</source>
        <translation>Avanzat</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Monitor Settings</source>
        <translation>Settings tal monitor</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Horizontal Sync:</source>
        <translation>Sync orizzontali:</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>28.0-78.0</source>
        <translation>28.0-78.0</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Vertical Refresh:</source>
        <translation>Vertikali Riffriskar:</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>50.0-76.0</source>
        <translation>50.0-76.0</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>The settings you have specified will now be tested.
If your screen does not appear, please wait and you will be returned to this screen.</source>
        <translation>Is-settings għandek speċifikati issa se jiġu ttestjati.
Jekk l-iskrin tiegħek ma jidhirx, jekk jogħġbok stenna u int se jiġu rritornati lill dan l-iskrin.</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Video Card:</source>
        <translation>Video Card:</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Monitor:</source>
        <translation>Monitor:</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Enable Dual-Head support</source>
        <translation>Jippermettu Dual-Kap appoġġ</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Monitor Resolution:</source>
        <translation>Monitor Riżoluzzjoni:</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Unknown Monitor</source>
        <translation>Monitor mhux magħruf</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Warning!</source>
        <translation>Warning!</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>PC-BSD was unable to autodetect your monitor. You may need to specify this monitor's Horizontal and Vertical refresh rates in the 'Advanced' tab.</source>
        <translation>PC-BSD ma setgħetx autodetect monitor tiegħek. Jista 'jkollok bżonn li jispeċifikaw orizzontali u vertikali rati jġedded din monitor fil-tab "Advanced".</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Dual-Head support is designed for systems with one video card and two monitors. Other setups may be achieved by editing /etc/X11/xorg.conf</source>
        <translation>Appoġġ Doppju Kap hija mfassla għal sistemi bil-kard tal-video u żewġ monitors. Setups oħra tista 'tinkiseb permezz editjar / etc/X11/xorg.conf.</translation>
    </message>
</context>
<context>
    <name>dialogConfirm</name>
    <message>
        <source>Confirm Resolution</source>
        <translation>Ikkonferma Riżoluzzjoni</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Do you wish to use this resolution?</source>
        <translation>Do inti tixtieq li tuża din ir-riżoluzzjoni?</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Yes</source>
        <translation>Iva</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>No</source>
        <translation>No</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Auto-close in 10 seconds...</source>
        <translation>Auto-qrib fil-10 sekondi...</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Auto-close in </source>
        <translation>Auto-qrib fil</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source> seconds...</source>
        <translation>Sekondi...</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>&Ok</source>
        <translation>&Ok</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Resolution:</source>
        <translation>Riżoluzzjoni:</translation>
    </message>
    <message>
        <source>Driver:</source>
        <translation>Driver:    </translation>
    </message>
</context>
</TS>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Participant module allows you to handle and manage all aspects of individuals participating in your Event or Games (Athletes, Coaches, Technical Officials etc.).
Use GEMS.pro to ensure a smooth participant registration process while confidently securing all participants' personal and games related data in one place.
Host Administrators typically pre-register principle Participant administrators by going into the specific Participant type registration page (e.g., mission staff, coach etc.) and entering the basic mandatory fields. An email is automatically sent to the individual with information containing login ID and password, thus enabling the individual to go back into the system and complete the remaining fields on the registration page.
Athletes, coaches, and delegation staff typically register their own information on a secure (SSL) web page. After completing the registration, A Participant administrator will then approve the registration, at which point the individual can no longer change their registered data.
The Participant administrator produces a data file (e.g., .csv) containing all the information of the participants registering for the Games. This process is identified as performing a batch upload.
Administrators with the appropriate access can use the system to search the database for specific individuals or groups of participants. The system filters and statistics tables simplify the process of managing large groups of participants using a consistent layout and familiar system structure.
GEMS.pro is equipped with a module component designed to assist your with your participant communication needs. Participant Send Messages allows you to search the database for all or a selected group e.g., athletes, coaches, mission staff and then send out a text message, an email message or both a text/email message directly to them – providing an easy and effective communication tool – at any stage in the hosting process – pre-games – games time – post games wrap-up.
The accreditation module is used to assign access rights and print accreditation badges for all registration types – including participants. This tool provides the various components of assigning access rights (Locations, Zones, and Privileges), being involved in the design or "look" of the accreditation badge as well as relating to the security functions, the printing process, and the registration / ID verification process of individuals coming to pick up badges.
The accommodations module of GEMS.pro allows the Host Society to define and the different locations of residence, the rooms allocated in each residence, and the number of beds in each room. These rooms can be set up to restrict access based on a number of criteria. The delegations can have the ability to actually assign their participants to a bed within a room.
Delegations typically have access to rooms that have been assigned to them by the Host Society. The delegation will not be able to see participants from other delegations that are staying in other rooms.
Participants cannot be assigned to a room / bed until they have been approved in the system. Before assigning accommodations, please ensure that your approved list of athletes in the system matches your final team rosters.
Medical incidents happen at games and events of all size. GEMS.pro Medical provides all the necessary registration tools to keep track of games-time medical incident data for any registered individual. With a secure and easy to use platform ready to handle primary incident registration along with any follow-up treatments, GEMS.pro's Medical module delivers reliable reporting options and medical statistics features.
The participant module has an administrative lookup page where double registrations are monitored and tracked. Using a number of system filters you can easily find any individual who has registered in your system more than once.
Teams in GEMS.pro consist of two or more Participants competing together. Host administration or participant administrators can build their teams, complete with a team name, team members, and athlete numbers (e.g., Bib #), along with rosters for each team participating in a set of games or event.
Participants registering in GEMS.pro can be asked to select a sport, a category and/or event. Depending on the participant type, this can further be limited e.g., coach only needs to register that he/she is the coach of Athletics, whereas an athlete will need to indicate their sport – Athletics, 100 m – Male.
Edit results page is where all the live data results from the sport venues is collected in GEMS.pro. This module enables administrators to enter primary results, upload secondary results, adjust game statuses and award final placing. The collection of results serves as an archive for parent organizations overseeing the games and for future events looking back at the games to see the progress of each sport along with the biographical/media information of participating individuals.
GEMS.pro comes equipped with a number of participant related reports designed to produce Microsoft Excel or web ready to print extracts. The system can produce sport roster reports, participant extracts or accommodation related reports. GEMS.pro system can be used to produce consistent reporting outputs that meet the demands of mission staff and a busy host organization.


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text:
Silent Murders by Mary Miley
First Line: Turns out vaudeville doesn't prepare you for Hollywood.
Jessie Beckett has a new name, and she's working hard to make a new life for herself as an assistant script girl in Hollywood for the Pickford-Fairbanks Studio. Thrilled to get an invitation for herself and her friend, Myrna Loy, to movie studio bigwig Bruno Heilmann's swanky party, she's surprised to find an old family friend there. However, the next morning, she learns that both the family friend and Bruno Heilmann were brutally murdered sometime during the wee hours of the morning.
Jessie's talents and the fact that she doesn't have an easily recognizable face make her a perfect choice to help her boss, legendary actor Douglas Fairbanks. It seems that his wife Mary Pickford's sister may come under police scrutiny for Heilmann's murder, and that could have dire consequences for Pickford's reputation in headline-hungry Hollywood. Fairbanks will do anything to protect his beloved wife.
Yes, Jessie is perfectly positioned to dig into the circumstances behind the murders, but she may also be putting herself right in the path of a killer.
I enjoyed The Impersonator, the first book in Mary Miley's Roaring Twenties series so much that I knew I'd be coming back for more. Silent Murders does not disappoint. In the first book, Jessie was hired to impersonate an heiress. Growing up in vaudeville had given her all the tools for deception that she needed for this role. Now she's on the straight and narrow with a new name and a new life in Hollywood.
Jessie is just the sort of wise-cracking, thinks-on-her-feet, good-hearted sort of character that I enjoy, and there's something about the Roaring Twenties and the silent film industry that draws me like a magnet. I liked how Miley blended fact and fiction in the sort of story that would blend in seamlessly with the actual Hollywood history of the era. Her use of real-life people like Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, and Myrna Loy rang true, with Fairbanks and Pickford accustomed to their roles as silent film royalty and Loy as a young girl just beginning to break into the movies. A young Gary Cooper can even be seen on the sidelines from time to time.
The movie industry has had a part in shaping this country's history for good or ill, and I really enjoy seeing the Old Hollywood used as a backdrop for a mystery series. Combine this setting with a strong main character and that gives me just the perfect reading when I need an escape.
ISBN:  9781250051370
Minotaur Books © 2014
Historical Mystery, #2 Roaring Twenties mystery
Rating: B+
Source: Purchased from Book Outlet.
by Cathy at Wednesday, September 29, 2021
Labels: Book Reviews, California, Historical Mystery, Jessie Beckett, Los Angeles, Mary Miley, Silent Movies
Margot Kinberg September 30, 2021 at 4:11 AM
This sounds like a fun read, Cathy. That Hollywood era is so fascinating, and a great backdrop for a mystery. And Jessie sounds like a well-developed character I could enjoy getting to know. Glad you found a lot to like about this.
Cathy September 30, 2021 at 1:52 PM
You are so right, Margot. There's something about this era in Hollywood that is perfect for mysteries.
jenclair October 1, 2021 at 6:46 AM
Sounds like a good new series, Cathy. I'll have to see if I can find the first one.
Cathy October 1, 2021 at 12:31 PM


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text:
UN expresses concern over arrest of Kashmiri rights activist Khurram Parvez
Khurram Parvez. Photograph by Umer Asif for The Kashmir Walla
Geneva: United Nations Human Rights Council has today expressed deep concern over the arrest of Kashmiri rights activist Khurram Parvez under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA).
The UN Human Rights office spokesperson Rupert Colville in a statement said: "We are deeply concerned at the arrest of Kashmiri human rights defender Khurram Parvez under Indian counter-terrorism legislation, the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA)."
Parvez, who has now been in custody for more than a week, is accused of militancy-related offences.
"We are unaware of the factual basis of the charges. He is known as a tireless advocate for families of the disappeared and has been targeted before for his human rights work. In 2016, he was detained under another controversial law, the Public Safety Act, for two and a half months after being prevented from travelling to the Human Rights Council in Geneva. He was released after the Jammu and Kashmir High Court declared his detention illegal."
The spokespersons added, "The UAPA empowers the authorities to designate individuals and organizations as terrorists based on imprecise criteria, contains a vague and overly broad definition of 'terrorist act', allows people to be held in lengthy pre-trial detention and makes securing bail very difficult. It raises serious concerns relating to the right of presumption of innocence along with other due process and fair trial rights. The Act is also increasingly being used to stifle the work of human rights defenders, journalists and other critics in Jammu and Kashmir and other parts of India."
Rupert Colville stated: "In view of this context of previous reprisal for legitimate conduct, we call on the Indian authorities to fully safeguard his right to freedom of expression, association and personal liberty and to take the precautionary step of releasing him."
"We reiterate our calls for the UAPA to be amended to bring it into line with international human rights law and standards, and urge the authorities, pending the law's amendment, to refrain from using this or other laws unduly restricting freedom of expression in cases involving civil society, media, and human rights defenders," said Colville.
UN further stated that against this backdrop, the UN Human Rights Office is increasingly alarmed by the rise in killings of civilians, including members of religious minorities, by armed groups in Indian-administered Kashmir this year. At the same time, civilians have been killed by govt forces in the course of counter-terrorism operations, and their bodies on occasion disposed in secret. One of these incidents happened on 15 November when four people were killed in a reported gunfight in Srinagar's Hyderpora area, including two civilians.
"There should be prompt, thorough, transparent, independent and effective investigations into all killings of civilians, and families should be allowed to mourn their loved ones and seek justice."
The statement concluded: "We acknowledge the need to prevent violence, but we are concerned at signs of a wider crackdown on civil society actors in Jammu and Kashmir. The use of sweeping counter-terrorism measures risks leading to further human rights violations and deepening discontent. We call on the security forces and armed groups to exercise restraint, and to ensure that the rise in tensions in Jammu and Kashmir in recent weeks does not lead to further violence against the civilian population."
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text:
NYT Realizes Their Lies Caught Up with Them
New York Times Begs Court to Dismiss Project Veritas Defamation Lawsuit, Admits to Article Inaccuracies While Under Oath
New York Times Reporter Maggie Astor changes her tune, originally said Veritas videos have "solely" unnamed sources but now says they have "many" unnamed sources.
Astor said she labelled the videos "deceptive" because she was unable to corroborate the videos on her own.
Astor: "I know of Project Veritas and, before writing my articles about the Video, I knew that it had a reputation for publishing deceptively-edited videos and had been publicly criticized many times for doing so."
New York Times legal team cite Wikipedia to justify mischaracterizing Project Veritas.
New York Times legal team excused Astor's article as an opinion piece: "Unverifiable expressions of opinion are not actionable and cannot be defamatory."
[WESTCHESTER, N.Y. – Jan. 26, 2021] Project Veritas released a new video today updating the public on the lawsuit against The New York Times for their defamatory article attacking Veritas' September 2020 videos exposing illegal ballot harvesting in Minnesota.
The New York Times filed a "Motion to Dismiss" request in an attempt to toss out the lawsuit and evade their wrongdoing.
Maggie Astor, The New York Times reporter who wrote the defamatory article, affirmed in her piece that the Veritas videos have "solely" unnamed sources.
"The video then claims that Democratic operatives connected to Ms. [Ilhan] Omar's campaign paid voters to hand over blank mail-in ballots and filled them out. This would be illegal, but the allegations come solely from unnamed people who speak with Project Veritas operatives in the video and whose faces are not shown," she said.
In an affidavit, Astor said that the videos have "many" unnamed sources.
"Many of the individuals featured in the Video were unnamed, and there was no way for me to verify the claims that the unnamed sources purport to make in the Video," she said.
Astor said she relied on Project Veritas' "reputation" when making her unfounded claims.
"I know of Project Veritas and, before writing my articles about the Video, I knew that it had a reputation for publishing deceptively-edited videos and had been publicly criticized many times for doing so," she said.
While arguing to dismiss the case, The New York Times' legal team cited Wikipedia.
"Project Veritas bills itself as a 'prominent independent journalistic organization,' but it is described on its Wikipedia page (and just about everywhere else) as 'an American far-right activist group founded by James O'Keefe' that 'uses undercover techniques to reveal supposed liberal bias and corruption and is known for producing deceptively edited videos about media organizations, left-leaning groups, and debunked conspiracy theories,'" they said.
Wikipedia themselves admit that their website is not a reliable source of information.
New York Times' legal team also labelled Astor's article an opinion piece to avoid Project Veritas' charges of defamation.
"Unverifiable expressions of opinion are not actionable and cannot be defamatory," they said.
Project Veritas will continue pursuing the truth in this lawsuit by exposing The New York Times' unethical journalistic standards. Project Veritas is undefeated in litigation and will fight defamation to the fullest extent of the law.
About Project Veritas
James O'Keefe established Project Veritas in 2011 as a non-profit journalism enterprise to continue his undercover reporting work. Today, Project Veritas investigates and exposes corruption, dishonesty, self-dealing, waste, fraud, and other misconduct in both public and private institutions to achieve a more ethical and transparent society. O'Keefe serves as the CEO and Chairman of the Board so that he can continue to lead and teach his fellow journalists, as well as protect and nurture the Project Veritas culture.
Project Veritas is a registered 501(c)3 organization. Project Veritas does not advocate specific resolutions to the issues raised through its investigations. Donate now to support our mission.
How Andrew Jackson Killed the Central Bank
Elites Freak When Regular People Win
Why More Than 2 Genders is for Retards
Ugly Women = Lebian Socialist Activist


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Singapore has contracted three companies with an order for 60 electric buses to be delivered in 2019/ 2020. The contracts went to BYD, ST Engineering and Yutong-NARI. At the same time, Singapore Power announced their plan to build 1,000 charging points in the city-state.
The order for the electric buses came from the Singapore Land Transport Authority (LTA), and has a total value of 50 million dollars. While ST Engineering and BYD will each be providing 20 electric buses valued at 17, and 15 million dollars, respectively. The order for Yutong-NARI comprises ten single-floor e-buses and ten electric double deckers for a total of 18 million dollars.
In addition, the LTA is planning to acquire another 50 hybrid buses. These will be purchased for 30 million dollars from Volvo.
Meanwhile, the SP Group has publicly announced their plan to install 1,000 charging points in Singapore by 2020. That is twice the originally announced number. The network will consist of 50 kW stations, with several 350 kW stations planned as well. The first 30 charging points will take up operation before the end of this year. The cost was not announced so far.
Singapore is somewhat lagging behind in terms of electric mobility. LTA statistics show that the current total of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles in the nation were at 443 and 323 vehicles. The total amount of vehicles in the nation is around 615,000. For taxis, the number of EVs is 97 of the 21,000 in the country. For buses and trucks, the number of EVs is 42 of the 160,000 operating currently, while the number of electric motorcycles is only 2, with 136,588 running in the country.
The country has been catching up however, and recently made headlines in connection with electric mobility, as the vacuum specialist Dyson announced plans to build their first EV factory in the city-state. The construction will begin this year, and the production of the first Dyson EV will take place in 2021.


text:
DIY GRAPHENE
http://blogs.nature.com/news/2014/04/how-to-make-graphene-in-a-kitchen-blender.html
by Richard Van Noorden / 20 Apr 2014
Buried in the supplementary information of a research paper published today is a domestic recipe for producing large quantities of clean flakes of graphene. The carbon sheets are the world's thinnest, strongest material; electrically conductive and flexible; and tipped to transform everything from touchscreen displays to water treatment. Many researchers — including Jonathan Coleman at Trinity College Dublin — have been chasing ways to make large amounts of good-quality graphene flakes.
In Nature Materials, a team led by Coleman (and funded by the UK-based firm Thomas Swan) describe how they took a high-power (400-watt) kitchen blender and added half a litre of water, 10–25 millilitres of detergent and 20–50 grams of graphite powder (found in pencil leads). They turned the machine on for 10–30 minutes. The result, the team reports: a large number of micrometre-sized flakes of graphene, suspended in the water. Coleman adds, hastily, that the recipe involves a delicate balance of surfactant and graphite, which he has not yet disclosed (this barrier dissuaded me from trying it out; he is preparing a detailed kitchen recipe for later publication). And in his laboratory, centrifuges, electron microscopes and spectrometers were also used to separate out the graphene and test the outcome. In fact, the kitchen-blender recipe was added late in the study as a bit of a gimmick — the main work was done first with an industrial blender.
Still, he says, the example shows just how simple his new method is for making graphene in industrial quantities. Thomas Swan has scaled the (patented) process up into a pilot plant and, says commercial director Andy Goodwin, hopes to be making a kilogram of graphene a day by the end of this year, sold as a dried powder and as a liquid dispersion from which it may be sprayed onto other materials. "It is a significant step forward towards cheap and scalable mass production," says Andrea Ferrari, an expert on graphene at the University of Cambridge, UK. "The material is of a quality close to the best in the literature, but with production rates apparently hundreds of times higher."
The quality of the flakes is not as high as that of the ones the winners of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov from Manchester University, famously isolated using Scotch Tape to peel off single sheets from graphite. Nor are they as large as the metre-scale graphene sheets that firms today grow atom by atom from a vapour. But outside of high-end electronics applications, smaller flakes suffice — the real question is how to make lots of them. Although hundreds of tons of graphene are already being produced each year — and you can easily buy some online — their quality is variable. Many of the flakes in store are full of defects or smothered with chemicals, affecting their conductivity and other properties, and are tens or hundreds of layers thick. "Most of the companies are selling stuff that I wouldn't even call graphene," says Coleman.
"After experimenting with the kitchen blender, the team used the more professional rotor-stator device which combines rotating blades and a stationary screen to filter the graphene flakes" (Photo: CRANN)
The blender technique produces small flakes some four or five layers thick on average, but apparently without defects — meaning high electrical conductivity. Coleman thinks the blender induces shear forces in the liquid sufficient to prise off sheets of carbon atoms from the graphite chunks ("as if sliding cards from a deck", he explains). Kitchen blenders aren't the only way to produce reasonably high-quality flakes of graphene. Ferrari still thinks that using ultrasound to rip graphite apart could give better materials in some cases. And Xinliang Feng, from the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research in Mainz, Germany, says that his recent publication, in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, reports a way to produce higher-quality, fewer-layer graphene at higher rates by electrochemical means. (Coleman points out that Thomas Swan have taken the technique far beyond what is reported in the paper.)
As for applications, "the graphene market isn't one size fits all", says Coleman, but the researchers report testing it as the electrode materials in solar cells and batteries. He suggests that the flakes could also be added as a filler into plastic drinks bottles — where their added strength reduces the amount of plastic needed, and their ability to block the passage of gas molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide maintains the drink's shelf life. In another application altogether, a small amount added to rubber produces a band whose conductivity changes as it stretches — in other words, a sensitive strain sensor. Thomas Swan's commercial manager, Andy Goodwin, mentions flexible, low-cost electronic displays; graphene flakes have also been suggested for use in desalination plants and even condoms. In each case, it has yet to be proven that the carbon flakes really outperform other options — but the new discoveries for mass-scale production mean that we should soon find out. At the moment, an array of firms is competing for different market niches, but Coleman predicts a thinning-out as a few production techniques dominate. "There are many companies making and selling graphene now: there will be many fewer in five years' time."
"Bottles filled with water, detergent and graphene flakes – the graphene absorbs a small amount of light, leading to the darkened appearance of the mixture" (Photo: CRANN)
STEP TWO: GROUND PENCIL GRAPHITE, DISH SOAP, WATER
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn25442-make-graphene-in-your-kitchen-with-soap-and-a-blender.html
Make graphene in your kitchen with soap and a blender
by Jacob Aron / 20 April 2014
First, pour some graphite powder into a blender. Add water and dishwashing liquid, and mix at high speed. Congratulations, you just made the wonder material graphene. This surprisingly simple recipe is now the easiest way to mass-produce pure graphene – sheets of carbon just one atom thick. The material has been predicted to revolutionise the electronics industry, based on its unusual electrical and thermal properties. But until now, manufacturing high-quality graphene in large quantities has proved difficult – the best lab techniques manage less than half a gram per hour. "There are companies producing graphene at much higher rates, but the quality is not exceptional," says Jonathan Coleman of Trinity College Dublin in Ireland. Coleman's team was contracted by Thomas Swan, a chemicals firm based in Consett, UK, to come up with something better. From previous work they knew that it is possible to shear graphene from graphite, the form of carbon found in pencil lead. Graphite is essentially made from sheets of graphene stacked together like a deck of cards, and sliding it in the right way can separate the layers.
Carbon smoothie
The team put graphite powder and a solvent fluid in a laboratory mixer and set it spinning. Analysis with an electron microscope confirmed that they had produced graphene at a rate of about 5 grams per hour. To find out how well the process could scale, they tried out different types of motors and solvents. They discovered that a kitchen blender and Fairy Liquid, a UK brand of dishwashing liquid, would also do the job. "If you are using a blender, why use a fancy expensive surfactant? Why not use the simplest surfactant there is, and I guess that is Fairy Liquid," says Coleman. Still, Coleman says you may not want to try this at home. The exact amount of dishwashing liquid required depends on the properties of the graphite powder, such as the size distribution of the grains and whether any materials other than carbon are contaminating the sample. These can only be determined using advanced lab equipment. The method also doesn't convert all the graphite to graphene, so the two materials have to be separated afterwards. "It is a fun experiment, but it wouldn't get you very far," says Colman. "You could make black liquid full of graphene, but what's the next step?" Instead, the team's calculations suggest the technique is scalable to industrial levels – a 10,000 litre vat with the right motor could produce 100 grams per hour. Thomas Swan has already started work on a pilot system.
Useful defects
Coleman is excited about the scientific potential of cheap, abundant graphene. For example, a previous lab experiment showed that adding a dash of graphene to a type of polyester boosted its strength by 50 per cent, since graphene is one of the strongest known materials. The new production method would yield enough graphene to scale this up for industrial processes, which normally involve kilograms of raw material. Andrea Ferrari at the University of Cambridge says the ability to produce large quantities of high-quality graphene is useful, but not essential for all applications. Graphene with defects binds more easily to other molecules, making it suitable for developing batteries or composite materials. Still, the simplicity of the method echoes the original isolation of graphene by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov at the University of Manchester. They used sticky tape and a pencil, a method that won them a Nobel Prize in 2010. "Our initial plans for scale up were in hindsight terribly complicated, which turned out to be unnecessary," says Coleman. "Perhaps we are bad at realising how simple things can be."
{Journal reference: Nature Materials, DOI: 10.1038/nmat3944}
"A piece of silicon carbide disk is covered with a layer of graphene (2012)."
http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/122763-graphene-supercapacitors-are-20-times-as-powerful-can-be-made-with-a-dvd-burner
Graphene supercapacitors are 20 times as powerful, can be made with a DVD burner
by Sebastian Anthony on March 19, 2012
A team of international researchers have created graphene supercapacitors using a LightScribe DVD burner. These capacitors are both highly flexible (pictured below) and have energy and power densities far beyond existing electrochemical capacitors, possibly within reach of conventional lithium-ion and nickel metal hydride batteries. The team, which was led by Richard Kaner of UCLA, started by smearing graphite oxide — a cheap and very easily produced material — films on blank DVDs. These discs are then placed in a LightScribe drive (a consumer-oriented piece of gear that costs less than $50), where a 780nm infrared laser reduces the graphite oxide to pure graphene. The laser-scribed graphene (LSG) is peeled off and placed on a flexible substrate, and then cut into slices to become the electrodes. Two electrodes are sandwiched together with a layer of electrolyte in the middle — and voila, a high-density electrochemical capacitor, orsupercapacitor as they're more popularly known.
Now, beyond the novel manufacturing process — the scientists are confident it can be scaled for commercial applications, incidentally — the main thing about LSG capacitors is that they have very desirable energy and power characteristics. Power-wise, LSG supercapacitors are capable of discharging at 20 watts per cm3, some 20 times higher than standard activated carbon capacitors, and three orders of magnitude higher than lithium-ion batteries. Energy-wise, we're talking about 1.36 milliwatt-hours per cm3, about twice the density of activated carbon, and comparable to a high-power lithium-ion battery.
These characteristics stem from the fact that graphene is the most conductive material known to man — the LSG produced by the scientists showed a conductivity of 1738 siemens per meter (yes, that's a real unit), compared to just 100 siemens for activated carbon. The performance of capacitors is almost entirely reliant on the surface area of the electrodes, so it's massively helpful that one gram of LSG has a surface area of 1520 square meters (a third of an acre). As previously mentioned, LSG capacitors are highly flexible, too, with no effect on its performance. These graphene supercapacitors could really change the technology landscape. While computing power roughly doubles every 18 months, battery technology is almost at a standstill. Supercapacitors, which suffer virtually zero degradation over 10,000 cycles or more, have been cited as a possible replacement for low-energy devices, such as smartphones. With their huge power density, supercapacitors could also revolutionize electric vehicles, where huge lithium-ion batteries really struggle to strike a balance between mileage, acceleration, and longevity. It's also worth noting, however, that lithium-ion batteries themselves have had their capacity increased by 10 times thanks to the addition of graphene. Either way, then, graphene seems like it will play a major role in the future of electronics. {Science}
KNOWN HEALTH RISKS
http://www.gizmag.com/graphene-bad-for-environment-toxic-for-humans/31851
Wonder-material graphene could be dangerous to humans and the environment
by Loz Blain / April 30, 2014
I've been waiting for some time now to write a headline along the lines of "scientists discover thing that graphene is not amazing at" … and here it is. Everybody's favorite nanomaterial may have a plethora of near-magical properties, but as it turns out, it could also be bad for the environment – and bad for you, too. It's easy to get carried away when you start talking about graphene. Comprised of single atom thick layers of carbon, graphene is incredibly light, incredibly strong, extremely flexible and highly conductive both of heat and electricity. Its properties hold the promise of outright technological revolution in so many fields that it has been called a wonder material. But it's only been 10 years since graphene was first isolated in the laboratory, and as researchers and industries scramble to bring graphene out of the lab and into a vast range of commercial applications, far less money is being spent examining its potential negative effects.
Two recent studies give us a less than rosy angle. In the first, a team of biologists, engineers and material scientists at Brown University examined graphene's potential toxicity in human cells. They found that the jagged edges of graphene nanoparticles, super sharp and super strong, easily pierced through cell membranes in human lung, skin and immune cells, suggesting the potential to do serious damage in humans and other animals. "These materials can be inhaled unintentionally, or they may be intentionally injected or implanted as components of new biomedical technologies," said Robert Hurt, professor of engineering and one of the study's authors. "So we want to understand how they interact with cells once inside the body."
Another study by a team from University of California, Riverside's Bourns College of Engineering examined how graphene oxide nanoparticles might interact with the environment if they found their way into surface or ground water sources. The team found that in groundwater sources, where there's little organic material and the water has a higher degree of hardness, graphene oxide nanoparticles tended to become less stable and would eventually settle out or be removed in sub-surface environments. But in surface water such as lakes or rivers, where there's more organic material and less hardness, the particles stayed much more stable and showed a tendency to travel further, particularly under the surface. So a spill of these kinds of nanoparticles would appear to have the potential to cause harm to organic matter, plants, fish, animals, and humans. The affected area could be quick to spread, and could take some time to become safe again. "The situation today is similar to where we were with chemicals and pharmaceuticals 30 years ago," said the paper's co-author Jacob D. Lanphere. "We just don't know much about what happens when these engineered nanomaterials get into the ground or water. So we have to be proactive so we have the data available to promote sustainable applications of this technology in the future."
At this stage, the Material Safety Data Sheet governing the industrial use of graphene is incomplete. It's listed as a potential irritant of skin and eyes, and potentially hazardous to breathe in or ingest. No information is available on whether it has carcinogenic effects or potential developmental toxicity. But researchers from the first study point out that this is a material in its infancy, and as a man-made material, there are opportunities at this early stage to examine and understand the potential harmful properties of graphene and try to engineer them out. We've got a few years yet before graphene really starts being a big presence in our lives, so the challenge is set to work out how to make it as safe as possible for ourselves and our planet.
The Brown University research was published online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The UC Riverside paper was published in a special issue of the journal Environmental Engineering Science. {Sources: Brown University, UC Riverside}
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text:
Q: Joining two tables using a third one I'm new in SQL and I'm struggling two join these two tables using the orders table.
The orders table has columns user_id, product_id as foreign keys.
I've tried to do inner joins with union but I cannot get it right.
create table users(
id int not null unique,
name varchar(25) not null,
age int not null check (age >= 18),
email varchar(50) not null unique,
password varchar(100) not null,
primary key(id, email)
);

create table products(
id int not null,
product_name varchar(25) not null,
price money not null,
stock int not null,
primary key(id)
);

create table orders(
user_id int not null,
product_id int not null,
amount int not null,
foreign key(user_id) references users(id),
foreign key(user_id) references products(id)
);

Any help ?

A: select u.name, p.product_name, o.amount
from users u
left join orders o on  u.id = o.user_id
left join products p on o.product_id = p.id;

In this little DEMO you can see that User1 has orderd product "Apple" and he orderd 5 peaces. User2 ordered 1 PC. Hope it helps.
You can also use aliases soyour final result looks better :)
select u.name "User name"
       , p.product_name "Product"
       , o.amount "Number of products ordered"
from users u
left join orders o on  u.id = o.user_id
left join products p on o.product_id = p.id;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
UD A10
12/30 7pm
GEO MASON
1/2 4:30pm
1/5 6pm
1/8 TBD
1/13 TBD
GEO WASH
1/17 2:30pm
RHO ISLAND
ST. JOE'S
ST. BONA
E ILLINOIS
N KENTUCKY
LIT ROCK
SOUTH FLA
ST. JOSEPH'S
The Blackburn Review
Recon: UMass
As we mentioned when conference play began, it was going to be a bit of a bumpy ride through the A10 this year, but alas we find ourselves amid the ever-enjoyable two-day break with a win to satisfy the cravings. The Flyers are coming off easily their biggest win of the year against a talented St Bonaventure team, (that is now left with little room for error over their last 16 games) and in come the Minutemen of Amherst, Massachusetts for a familiar Saturday matinee. It's still hard to believe the newest version of the Dayton Flyers has yet to win back-to-back games, but Saturday will give them their juiciest opportunity yet, as UMass brings their bones in from the cold after a Wednesday night loss in OT to George Mason.
Also, we mentioned the A10 was going to be a fridge full of spoiled milk all season: We are two games into the conference season and TWO teams are undefeated, with one of them being Duquesne…We forgot to mention the ground beef that was left unwrapped and sitting in the back of the fridge since summertime. Sorry.
UMass comes in led by first year coach Matt McCall, who the Minutemen were able to scoop up from Chattanooga in the offseason after the Mocs went 29-6 in his second season and made The Big Dance. What you may or may not remember however is HOW UMass happened upon young Mr. McCall. In late March, UMass was conducting a similar coaching search to UD, after firing long-time head coach, and alum, Derek Kellogg. It was announced through every basketball channel imaginable that UMass had decided to offer the job to Pat Kelsey, the head coach of Winthrop.
You may remember Pat Kelsey as the assistant who left Xavier after a player slept with his wife. (Isn't College basketball just the darndest?) ANYWAYS, Pat Kelsey and UMass Athletic Director, Ryan Bamford, were set to have a press conference just like any other coaching signing: in the home arena with media and key boosters present to ask initial questions. 35 Minutes before the press conference, AD Bamford gets a call on his cell, it's Pat Kelsey, and he's not taking the job. Immediately media are stopped from being let in the Mullins Center, people around campus are told the press conference has been cancelled and bedlam ensues. Pat Kelsey pulled an "Urban Meyer" citing "personal reasons" which I would have to imagine is a short way of saying his wife wasn't too crazy about moving from the comfy Charlotte suburbs to Western Massachusetts. I linked another article about Kelsey's contract details here.
Two weeks later, enter Matt McCall stage left.
McCall has impressed me so far as a hire for UMass and seems like a guy who has immediately inherited the program as his own under a new AD and told to put the pace car out for the bandwagon to follow. We actually have UMass to thank for Jalen Crutcher, and I'm sure he will have a few friendly moments with McCall on Saturday, as Crutcher was committed to McCall and Chattanooga before he left for Amherst and Jalen eventually landed at the old U of D. McCall left Chattanooga after two seasons, going 48-18 and making the tournament last season, bowing out in the first round.
His UMass Minutemen have been sitting shotgun for the same bumpy ride thus far as your Dayton Flyers, starting 7-8, including being one of only two teams to start A10 play winless at 0-2. With the George Mason loss I mentioned above, the Minutemen also got thrashed on A10 opening night by the Bonnies, to the tune of 98-78. Their non-conference slate was highlighted by wins at home against Georgia as well as Providence, but also featured ugly, unforgivable losses to Harvard, Quinnipiac and Georgia State (UD was THIS close).
After recording my podcast with the UMass diehards earlier this week, they summed up the team like this:
UMass has a few guys who can single-handedly take over games for meaningful stretches, but struggles to do it consistently. They generally play pretty good team defense and are a surprisingly good 3pt shooting team overall, getting 37% of their points from beyond the arc, top 100 in the country. With that said, they have zero backcourt depth and only one legitimate ball handler, which leads to lots of turnovers and some frustrating sets in the half court. (hey! We know what that feels like!) The general lack of depth on the UMass roster means that if Pipkins or Holloway get in foul trouble early, the shit can get stinky, fast. Our bench guys are hit or miss, no one resembling a pure point guard on the roster, but McCall has the team playing the right way and expects these bruises throughout the season. They're young, they're learning, we just want to see improvement, which isn't really all that much to ask after finishing 12th in the conference last year at 4-14.
Luwane Pipkins is the straw that stirs the drink for the Minutemen. Currently the fifth leading scorer in the conference at 18 PPG, Pip is a guy who can get it done in a multitude of ways. In his 34 minutes/gm this season he has shot 41% from the field on 14 shots per game, 39% from 3 and usually will chip in a few rebounds and assists for a well-rounded, honest day's work. Speaking of honest day's work, it got around the conference last year during Pipkins freshman campaign that he was often "the smelliest dude on the court" who admittedly did not like to shower much, sometimes going 2-3 weeks at a time without a proper rinse. While this would totally account for the scoring Pipkins has been doing lately, let's hope our Flyers plug their noses and stay at work on defense. Guys will do anything to boost their draft status, and I guess not showering, hoping defenses gag while guarding you is certainly one way to do it, just not the route I would've chosen.
The man who endures that stench alongside Pipkins in the backcourt is CJ Anderson. Anderson is the closest thing UMass has to a real point guard, averaging 5.8 assists/gm, good enough for 2nd in the conference right now. In his senior season now, Anderson is averaging 8.6 pts/gm, but his 34% from the floor isn't really striking fear into the heart of defenses. He has one game over 12 points this year – a 23-point effort in a loss to Quinnipiac. He's more concerned with pushing the ball around than actually putting it in the hoop. These types of dudes are necessary on every hoops team.
Rashaan Holloway is starting to transcend into "He's been around forever" territory, and still has another year to go after this one in Amherst. The big hefty is still tipping the scales over 300-large, and still can be seen before most games, home or away, stealing food from the media room. When he's in the game, he's a force down low, as one would imagine from a fella who's 310lbs. However, as you could also imagine from a fella over 300lbs; he gets in foul trouble A LOT. Consequently, he averages 24 minutes a game, but still averages damn near double digits every night. He is currently second in the conference in FG % behind Dayton's very own, Josh Cunningham.
After those three, the contributions from Carl Pierre, Malik Hines, Ryshawn Miller and Unique (Unique?) McLean are basically interchangeable. All 4 averages between 20-25 minutes a game, they're all going to give you somewhere between 5-12 points each, and Hines is seemingly the only one with an interest in rebounding from night to night. Carl Pierre is a Freshman that Umass was able to swipe up after McCall got on campus late in April, he's been a threat from 3 but rarely from anywhere else. Hines rounds out the normal starting lineup for the Amherst Millitia. In his third year he's gotten more burn each season and making the most of his opportunities this year, averaging 7.9pts and 6.3reb per game.
I feel like I should do more talking about Unique McLean, for obvious reasons, but the recon is running long and I don't normally do these and there's more information to digest than I first thought. I left out Chris Baldwin, he comes in off the bench, he might do stuff, you won't remember him anyways so we're moving on!
I'd expect a low-scoring, sloppy effort. Got the Flyers in a close one, 67-62. UD gets over the schneid, moves to 8-7 on the season (2-1 in the league).
The Arena has been damn quiet all year, there's no excuse Saturday. Be LOWD or stay home.
The Legend of Clip Hair
The last time UMASS was relevant in the sport of Basketball was the day Markus Cambie had to take a pay-cut for going to the NBA
swampy's taint
Am I the only one concerned that a player mouthed Fuck Off at Anthony Grant today …and he left him in?
Mount McKinnely
Thank Umass for Crutch? I guess we can since he's an alternative to the walking cancer that is Crosby. But it's doubtfull he will ever be even an average guard. Not with that bullshit chest shot and his inability to penetrate ( on the court that is- can't comment on his social life). 33% fg% and 25% 3pt% puts him squarely in the I suck category. More likely we will blame them before four years are up, as we look back at a wasted scholarship. We "stole him from Chattanooga for Christ sakes.
Crutch is good and can be great !
More in Recon
Recon: Duquesne
Dayton takes on Duquesne's corpse
Recon: Davidson
The first sock hop of the season finds Dayton at Davidson
Recon: Fordham
A comforting trip to Fordham comes at a precipitous time for the Flyers
Recon: George Mason
The Flyers try to regroup, find their pride, with George Mason coming to town
The Storm That Never Came
Podcast: The Plight of the Spiders
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