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Сэр Майкл Виктор Бе́рри (; род. 14 марта 1941, графство Суррей, Англия) — английский учёный, специалист в области математической физики. Член Лондонского (1982) и Эдинбургского (2005) королевских обществ, иностранный член Национальной академии наук США (1995) и Американского философского общества (2021). Посвящён в рыцари (1996).

Биография
В 1959—1962 годах учился в университете Эксетера, получил степень бакалавра. В 1962—1965 годах учился в Сент-Эндрюсском университете и закончил его со степенью доктора философии (PhD) в области теоретической физики. С 1965 года работает в Бристольском университете на различных должностях, начиная от исследователя-постдока и заканчивая профессором (с 1988 года по настоящее время — Royal Society Research Professor).

Научные интересы Майкла Берри лежат, по его собственным словам, на границах физических теорий — между классическим и квантовым описанием; особенно он выделяет геометрические аспекты волн (в частности, фазу) и теорию хаоса.

Широкую известность получили его работы по геометрическим фазам в квантовой и классической физике (фазы Берри), а также по объяснению возможности левитации диамагнитных объектов в сильном магнитном поле (совместно с А. К. Геймом).

Член Лондонского математического общества (1995).

Награды и признание
 Медаль и премия Максвелла от Института физики (Великобритания) (1978)
 Бейкеровская лекция (1987)
 Премия Лилиенфельда от Американского физического общества (1990)
 Медаль Дирака от Института физики (Великобритания) (1990)
 Королевская медаль (1990)
 Шрёдингеровская лекция (Имперский колледж Лондона) (1993)
 Медаль Дирака от Международного центра теоретической физики в Триесте (1995)
 Премия «Хьюллетт-Пакард» (1995)
 Премия Вольфа по физике (1998)
 Шнобелевская премия по физике (2000) (совместно с Андре Геймом, за демонстрацию левитации лягушки с использованием магнитов)
 Гиббсовская лекция (2002)
  Лондонского математического общества (2005)
 Медаль Лоренца (2014)
 Премия памяти Рихтмайера (2014)
  (2019)

Почётный доктор многих университетов и других научных учреждений.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Домашняя страница сэра Майкла Берри на сайте Бристольского университета

Члены Лондонского королевского общества
Члены Эдинбургского королевского общества
Иностранные члены Национальной академии наук США
Иностранные члены Американского философского общества
Награждённые медалью Дирака
Профессора Бристольского университета
Лауреаты Шнобелевской премии
Награждённые Королевской медалью
Лауреаты премии Юлия Эдгара Лилиенфельда
Лауреаты премии «Еврофизика»
Награждённые медалью и премией Джеймса Клерка Максвелла
Лауреаты премии Пойи (Лондонское математическое общество)
Почётные члены Института физики
Почётные доктора Университета Глазго


This Sunday morning Lt-Colonel Lytle, XO under the Base's General of the 116th Brigade, came to present us with an award of recognition. We were surprised and honored! Bringing with him the S-4 (don't know what that means either) Major Etcheverry, Sergeant-Major Boren, and a small entourage.
…you guys did that for us which was something we never really thought we could accomplish--what ended up happening was we were able to accomplish that; we were able to keep vehicle fleets in this brigade on the road, and a large part of that has been through your efforts.
Sergeant-Major Boren, who is directly in charge of the Brigade's vehicle fleets worked directly with us and was responsible for tracking down all the armor, equipment, and parts that we needed to do our job for them. Cutting through typical military red-tape, he procured the hard-to-get supplies needed to protect his troops. In front of us, he was also presented with an award, a "Meritorious Unit Certificate" for bringing the fleets up to speed for the benefit of the troops and their operations.
We, again, have been honored to work for, with, and be honored by, the 116th Calvary Brigade of Idaho. The awards were a formal and unexpected surprise, but the accomplishments and friendships and we forged with these good gentlemen in achieving our common goals in Iraq is to me of equal or greater importance. Combined with election successes: It is a good day in Iraq.


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People, Places, and Events
Celebrating Astronomer Margaret Burbidge, 1919–2020
By: Ben Skuse April 6, 2020 5
The astronomer who taught us we are all made of stardust has passed away after celebrating her 100th birthday on August 12, 2019.
In the July 2019 issue of Sky & Telescope, we ran this article celebrating the 100th birthday of renowned astronomer Margaret Burbidge. Now that we have learned of her passing, we are rerunning this article online in a celebration of her life and work.
Margaret Burbidge, who celebrates her 100th birthday in August, had a long and stellar career in multiple fields of astrophysics. One of her most significant achievements was formulating our understanding of nucleosynthesis in stars. Among positions she held in her lifetime were director of the Royal Greenwich Observatory and president of the American Astronomical Society, both the first time that a woman filled the post. The photograph shows Burbidge in Dallas, Texas, in February 1964.
Sky & Telescope archive
"You can't give telescope time for this junk science! Who does she think she is?" blustered a young upstart upon hearing that an elderly astronomer wanted half a night with one of the brand-new Keck telescopes to observe objects that might disprove the Big Bang theory.
Observatory Director Joe Miller was quick to put the youngster in his place: "You just look up Margaret Burbidge, the Margaret Burbidge, and you'll know who she is," he said. "If Margaret Burbidge wants half a night to draw up pictures of Mars, I'll give it to her — whether we think it's crazy or not, we're going to show respect to one of the greatest astronomers of the 20th century."
Though the night turned out to be cloudy and she wouldn't have found evidence to support an alternative to the Big Bang anyway, this mid-1990s episode — when Burbidge was already in her 70s — is but one of many in a career spanning more than 60 years that highlight a determination to push the frontiers of human knowledge.
Margaret and Geoff teamed up with Willy Fowler (third from left) and Fred Hoyle (at right) to write one of the seminal papers in all of astrophysics. They not only worked together, they also played together — here they're celebrating Fowler's 60th birthday in July 1971, admiring his model train engine.
Master and Fellows of St John's College / Cambridge / Donald Clayton
Born Eleanor Margaret Peachey in Davenport, UK, to chemist parents, Burbidge caught the astronomy bug early. "She became interested in the stars when she was three or four years old," explains her daughter, Sarah Burbidge. "Her family took a night ferry crossing to France for a holiday, and for the first time the stars were clearly visible to her, and she was smitten."
This fascination, combined with a talent for mathematics, developed to the point where she was reading the books of astronomer and mathematician Sir James Jeans, a distant relative on her mother's side, by the age of 12. She went on to study astronomy at University College London, graduating in the summer of 1939 with little ceremony due to the looming cloud of war.
Over the next few years, the fresh graduate split her time between maintaining the University of London Observatory at Mill Hill in the absence of the many scientists and technicians sucked into the war effort, fabricating optical instruments for the armed forces, and graduate studies.
For her PhD thesis, she analyzed spectra of the variable star Gamma Cassiopeiae. She observed in the harshest of conditions, often alone at night in a cramped space under a cold open dome, sometimes with the fear-inducing sounds of flying bombs going off around her. Yet she never complained, offering the first hint of the steely determination and thirst for knowledge that would later define her: "Those nights, standing or sitting on a ladder in the dome of the Wilson reflector . . . fulfilled my early dreams," Burbidge later recalled in a 1994 memoir.
Burbidge conducted her PhD research during the World War II years. Between wartime duties, she observed Gamma Cassiopeiae at the University of London Observatory in Mill Hill Park. The telescope was donated by J. G. Wilson, and it's not to be confused with the Mount Wilson Observatory in California. While observing on the night of August 3rd, Burbidge was twice interrupted by bombs exploding nearby, but neither incident rattled her, as is clear from her notes.
University College London Observatory
The years immediately following World War II would turn out to be career-defining for the young astronomer. Alongside giving classes on practical astronomy on the observatory roof — to students that included an enthusiastic undergraduate named Arthur C. Clarke — she also attended graduate lectures in physics. There, she immediately hit it off with "an interesting person" called Geoffrey (Geoff) Burbidge who she would go on to marry just six months later.
From the outside, the pair made an unlikely couple. Geoff was a large man with a truculent, impatient character, while Margaret was so demure and quiet that Miller claims, "My wife always used to say 'If Queen Elizabeth ever needed a stand-in, Margaret could do it'."
But appearances can be deceiving. Though Geoff had strong scientific views and a penchant for a heated argument, he was honest, loyal, and carried on friendships with colleagues with whom he disagreed, and even promoted them. And as for Margaret, "It was the classic iron fist under her velvet glove," says Miller. "She knew what she knew and believed strongly, and she would stick to her principles."
Fruitful Collaboration
In fact, it was Margaret's passion for and knowledge of astronomy and spectroscopy — the analysis of starlight by wavelength — that prompted Geoff to switch from physics soon after they married, spawning a winning collaboration that led to numerous new insights into chemically peculiar stars. In one study, they performed the first detailed spectral analysis of Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum, now considered the prototype of a class of variable stars that harbor strong magnetic fields. Among numerous seminal results in the paper, published in 1955, they also showed that the star had, on average, an overabundance of rare earth metals of about 800 times that of the Sun. This finding piqued the interest of distinguished experimental nuclear physicist William (Willy) Fowler. At the time, Fowler was spending a year in Cambridge, UK, working with Fred Hoyle. In 1946 and 1954, Hoyle published the first-ever papers in which he theorized how stars might forge hydrogen and helium into the heavier elements found throughout the universe, a concept now known as stellar nucleosynthesis. This went against the established notion that the elements were all derived from the Big Bang.
The seminal "B2FH" paper on stellar nucleosynthesis, headed by Margaret Burbidge, was cited so often that the authors were referred to as "B2FH." Above is a schematic diagram of the nuclear processes by which the synthesis of elements in stars takes place. This tour de force is 108 pages long.
E. M. Burbidge et al. / Reviews of Modern Physics Vol. 29, No. 4, P. 547 (1957) / American Physical Society
Seeing how the Burbidges' research and expertise could help in proving Hoyle's stellar nucleosynthesis idea, Fowler invited Geoff and a pregnant Margaret to join them in Cambridge. They immediately clicked: "You can't imagine how much fun they all had working together," says Sarah Burbidge. The next year and a half was a flurry of intense activity.
Though Margaret was so far along in her pregnancy that "Willy said he was worried she would 'pop'," says Sarah, it didn't deter her from making key observations that helped identify all the processes within stars that form the elements populating the periodic table (except for the very lightest). This included expanding on Hoyle's earlier work to show how elements up to iron could be created by the successive stages of nuclear fusion as a star evolves. They also illuminated how fast and slow neutron capture, the r- and s-processes, could explain the observed abundances of elements heavier than iron.
The result of all these efforts was a 108-page paper written by Margaret and Geoff along with Fowler and Hoyle, and published in Reviews of Modern Physics in October 1957. It showed how elements are formed at various stages of the stellar life cycle, and perhaps most importantly how most of the elements that make up everything around us — and ourselves — originate from stars. "This one paper just completely laid the foundation for what is going on in terms of the formation of the chemical elements," summarizes Miller.
"Synthesis of the Elements in Stars," as it was titled, quickly popularized the idea of stellar nucleosynthesis in the scientific community. The article was referenced so often that it was later simply referred to as B2FH (after the first letter of each author's surname) for short. It became and remains a landmark contribution to nuclear astrophysics.
Yet the paper was not without controversy. Hoyle and Geoff were key proponents of the Steady State theory of the universe. Unlike the Big Bang theory, in which the observable universe had a definite beginning, the Steady State concept maintained that the universe has and always will exist. Importantly, it claimed that the universe could generate new matter, which B2FH demonstrated. However, this victory for the Steady State community would soon be drowned by a tsunami of evidence in favor of the Big Bang picture, in particular the discovery of a faint glow coming from all directions. It soon became clear that this glow was relic radiation left over from the early universe that today we know as the cosmic microwave background.
From a historical perspective, that Hoyle and Geoff remained stubborn adherents to Steady State cosmology — long after the consensus deemed it had been disproved — somewhat overshadowed the light they both illuminated on numerous scientific mysteries throughout their careers. The memory of Burbidge's contributions to astronomy, in contrast, remains unfettered by the controversy.
Cleverly, she rarely offered her opinion publicly on theoretical matters, either leaving Geoff to slug it out or, if he were absent, astutely contributing to the debate by starting her argument with: "If Geoff were here, he would say . . . " Sarah feels the reason for this was simple: She was never a theoretician. "I don't think Mum ever worried about where Fred's theories might lead," she says. "Remember that she was an observational astronomer, focused on her observations and reducing spectra."
A New Astronomical Mystery
An overhead photo taken around 1970 shows Burbidge sitting in the "cage" of the Shane 3-meter (120-inch) telescope at Lick Observatory owned and operated by the University of California. Nowadays, observers operate telescopes from comfortably heated control rooms, sometimes miles away from the actual dome.
Sarah Burbidge
Having wielded these formidable observational skills in B2FH, Burbidge needed a new scientific mystery to get her teeth into. After 10 years working with Geoff measuring the rotation of stars and gas in disk galaxies and studying peculiar galaxies and galaxy clusters, she eventually found it in the newly discovered puzzling objects we now call quasars — or, as they were termed at the time, quasi-stellar objects.
The first positively identified quasar to be observed and identified as such, 3C 273, caused a tremendous commotion in the astronomical community in 1963. Barring any new physics, it was shining 40 times more brightly than the brightest known galaxies. Plus it had a redshift — meaning its light is shifted toward the red end of the spectrum because of its motion away from the viewer — that placed it far beyond our own galaxy, around 2.5 billion light-years away.
With only a few telescopes around the world that could obtain spectra of quasars, Burbidge was ideally placed to join the race to find more quasars with even bigger redshifts, given her access to the Shane 3-meter (120-inch) telescope at Lick Observatory. This she did — with a reputation as "a rather formidable driver," she would quite literally speed to the observatory in their Jaguar. She discovered tens of examples, including OQ 172 at redshift 3.53 in 1973, a quasar that remained the farthest known for nearly a decade.
Though fascinating, quasars presented a problem for Hoyle, Geoff, and their dwindling band of fellow Steady State universe supporters. Unless some new physics peculiar to quasars could be mustered or observations of blueshifted quasars made, these redshifts were cosmological, indicating that the universe is expanding everywhere and that this expansion had to come from the Big Bang. As it became clear that neither of these would be forthcoming, Burbidge's quasar observations turned out to be yet another nail in the coffin of the Steady State universe. However, Burbidge herself never saw it that way, keeping "an open mind always."
Margaret still owns the 1961 Jaguar Mark II, shown here behind the Burbidges. Although she doesn't drive it anymore, she loves being driven around by Sarah and her grandson, Connor.
The latter years of Burbidge's scientific career were spent probing the spectra of galaxies, determining galaxies' rotations, masses, and chemical composition, and, of course, investigating quasars. She also played a major role in moving observational spectroscopy into the heavens, helping to develop the Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. The FOS was one of the original Hubble instruments, designed to detect the physical state and chemical composition of very faint objects such as quasars. Her last major scientific contribution was leading the FOS data analysis team. Among other findings, this team provided evidence for the presence of a massive black hole at the center of nearby elliptical galaxy M87 (see page 10 for more on M87).
As Hubble's FOS was churning out new astronomical insights in 1995, Fowler died. Hoyle followed in 2001, with Geoff sadly passing away in 2010 at the age of 84. As a result, for almost a decade Margaret has remained the sole living member of B2FH. On the eve of her 100th birthday, it's a good time to reflect on and applaud what she and the other members of B2FH achieved, as well as all the triumphs she can rightly claim are hers alone.
"You've made me look back over her 100 years — starting with observations from that little telescope in Mill Hill in the 1940s all the way to the development of the Faint Object Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope — and it is really quite remarkable," reflects Sarah. "She simply wanted to be very good at her work as an observational astronomer, and I would say she was probably the best of her generation."
Triumph Over Obstacles
In her largely quiet and undemonstrative way, Burbidge's handling of the many moments of discrimination she encountered during her career inspired other female astronomers to pursue and achieve their own ambitions.
With World War II ending, Burbidge saw an opportunity to gain "access to larger telescopes, better instruments and clearer skies" in the U.S. through an advertisement for a Carnegie Fellowship at Mount Wilson Observatory. However, her hopes were immediately dashed when her application was denied — simply on account of her gender. "A guiding operational principle in my life was activated," she said in her 1994 memoir. "If frustrated in one's endeavors by a stone wall . . . one must find a way around." Ten years later, Geoff submitted another application, which was accepted. The couple stayed in a separate summer cottage on the mountain away from the exclusively male dormitory, and Margaret was officially only there as Geoff's assistant. In reality, Geoff conducted the dark room work and smoked cigars, while Margaret finally got to observe the heavens from Mount Wilson.
The Annie Jump Cannon Award was the American Astronomical Society's (AAS) oldest prize and the only one exclusively for women. It had been awarded to luminaries such as Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin and Helen Sawyer Hogg, so it wasn't at all surprising when the AAS wanted to award Burbidge with the accolade. What was surprising, instead, was the rejection letter Burbidge wrote in response. In it, she said "it is high time that discrimination in favor of, as well as against, women in professional life be removed, and a prize restricted to women is in this category." Her refusal led to the creation of the first working group on the status of women in astronomy, and increased awareness of discrimination against women and other minority groups in astronomy.
Just a year later, Burbidge became the first female astronomer to become a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and the first female director of the Royal Greenwich Observatory — but wasn't elected Astronomer Royal, the first and only time in the organization's history this occurred. Instead, Martin Ryle was given the position. Whether this was pure gender discrimination or a symptom of political shenanigans in the British astronomical community remains unclear. What was clear was that Burbidge didn't want to be involved in the turmoil within British astronomy at the time, and she tendered her resignation just a year and a half later.
Despite, or perhaps because of, the Annie Jump Cannon Award rejection, Burbidge was elected the first woman president of the AAS. At the time, the U.S. Equal Rights Amendment — guaranteeing the same rights for all American citizens regardless of gender — had been ratified by all but four states of the 38 required. (A 35th state, Indiana, ratified in January the following year.) Burbidge put forward to the membership the idea of banning annual AAS meetings from being held in the three dissenting states. She received highly polarized responses, but it narrowly passed, offering a signal of support from the AAS for women in science.
B2FH was a transformative paper deserving of the highest accolades. And in 1983 this was recognized when Fowler was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. Yet even Fowler was shocked by the omission of his colleagues. Hoyle could have been left out for various reasons: his stance on the Big Bang theory, the various outlandish ideas he put forward in later life, or for heavy criticism of the committee in 1974 for awarding Antony Hewish and failing to recognize Jocelyn Bell Burnell's contributions in discovering the first pulsar. Various commentators have since posited that Bell Burnell's and Burbidge's Nobel omissions were but two of many examples of sexism in astronomy. Burbidge remains characteristically reserved on the subject.
This article first appeared in the July 2019 issue of Sky & Telescope.
women in astronomy
astropunkin
The AAS Committee on the Status of Women in Astronomy (CSWA) recently solicited memories of Dr. Burbidge from the astronomy community and cross-posted this excellent article! You can read more at the following link https://womeninastronomy.blogspot.com/2019/08/happy-100th-birthday-margaret-burbidge.html
Great article! And an amazing woman!
Dobsonite
Yes, indeed, Happy B-Day!
Now, if we could just get the same amount of respect, retention, fair pay and participation in commercial STEM circles for all women, not just those in Academe!
Women are currently only 17% of the commercial IT workforce, are paid less, and are thrown away at a much earlier age than men.
John Kierein
I'm sure Margaret does not believe that quasars are at their Hubble red shift distance. She has long held, as I do, that the quasar red shift is intrinsic and not an indication of distance.
http://www.angelfire.com/az/BIGBANGisWRONG/
Anthony Barreiro
Dr. Burbidge's New York Times obituary:
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/science/space/e-margaret-burbidge-dead.html
This Week's Sky At a Glance

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Final report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Behalal, Zobel; Sollazzo, Roberto; Vogel, Christoph; Zounmenou, David (2017). Final report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo. New York: United Nations.
The most significant event for the Group of Experts during the current mandate was the assassination of two of its members, Michael Sharp, Coordinator and armed groups expert, and Zaida Catalán, humanitarian expert. This unprecedented event constitutes a deliberate attack against the Security Council and impacted the Group's ability to fully implement its fieldwork agenda for the present report. More broadly, this also speaks to the concerning security situation prevailing in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: while the Kasais have witnessed a stark escalation of violence, other areas remain affected by chronic levels of insecurity.
Since its last report, the Group noted fewer cases of election-related violence across the country, notwithstanding several cases of interference by armed groups in voter registration.
Armed groups, such as the Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda (FDLR), the Conseil national pour le renouveau et la démocratie, the Allied Democratic Forces and the Forces républicaines du Burundi continue to represent threats to peace and security in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, there is a changing dynamic of conflict and armed mobilization in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, reflected by the previously reported shift towards a further fragmentation of armed groups operating in a more decentralized while heavily networked manner.
In this context, foreign and local armed groups are increasingly interconnected, which also impacts on the patterns of violence. These linkages can be partially explained by the fact that foreign armed groups have evolved over time and have begun to feature Congolese nationals in their ranks, sometimes even in leadership positions. The Group also documented instances of collaboration between elements of the Forces armées de la République démocratique du Congo (FARDC) and armed groups.
Concerning natural resources, the implementation of mineral traceability in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has considerably reduced instances of armed groups directly benefiting from the exploitation and trade of tin, tantalum and tungsten. In addition, opportunities for indirect benefits from such minerals are decreasing. The Group found that the ITRI Ltd Tin Supply Chain initiative traceability system — while well intentioned and designed — has shortcomings in its implementation, enabling different actors to intentionally or inadvertently facilitate smuggling. The Group also documented several breaches of the chain of custody for mineral trade in North Kivu Province as well as the ongoing sale of tags on the black market in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The gold sector continues to suffer from the lack of a traceability system. Consequently, artisanally sourced gold from conflict-affected areas can still be exported to international markets through smuggling, involving illicit financial flows. The Group also found that a senior FARDC officer is involved in gold exploitation. In addition, International Conference on the Great Lakes Region certificates are being used in a fraudulent manner to export gold to Dubai, the main recipient of artisanally sourced gold from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kampala remains the main transit hub for gold smuggled out of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Group found that rules and procedures could be improved to allow airlines and the Democratic Republic of the Congo as well as transit and recipient countries to more efficiently tackle smuggling by way of hand-carry gold.
The Group observed violations of the arms embargo, both within the Democratic Republic of the Congo as well as in the frame of cross-border dynamics. A network of Congolese and Burundian nationals, including elements of the Forces de défense nationale (FDN) of Burundi, was involved in arms trafficking in Uvira, South Kivu Province. The Group documented further violations of the arms embargo involving FDN and FDLR.
268 downloads since deposited on 17 Jan 2018
Published Research Report
Security Council S/2017/672
Official URL. An embargo period may apply.
http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2017_672.pdf
Content: Published Version
Behalal, Zobel Sollazzo, Roberto Vogel, Christoph Zounmenou, David


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DPIR Lecturer writes for Muslin News 'Conspiracies in Egypt? Not if the Daily Telegraph says so'
When the Daily Telegraph announces the unmasking of an "American conspiracy" to destabilise Egypt, then you can be sure a conspiracy is indeed in progress, the one of which the venerable paper is part.
Just as the Egyptian revolution was in full swing, the paper came up with a "revelation", based as it said on "leaked" State Department documents, suggesting that the US Administration (under Bush) was in league with the activists who wanted to overthrow the Mubarak regime. As the paper put it, "The American Embassy in Cairo helped a young dissident attend a US-sponsored summit for activists in New York, while working to keep his identity secret from Egyptian state police. On his return to Cairo in December 2008, the activist told US diplomats that an alliance of opposition groups had drawn up a plan to overthrow President Hosni Mubarak and install a democratic government in 2011."
For more information please visit: www.muslimnews.co.uk/paper/index.php?article=5099


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optical aids
Devesh Mistry
adjustable artificial lens
New eye lens may spell end of reading glasses
An Indian-origin researcher in the UK is developing an adjustable artificial lens, made from the same material found in smartphone and TV screens, which could improve vision in older people with presbyopia and cataracts.PTI | October 20, 2015, 09:30 IST
आंखों को स्कैन करके सवालों के जवाब समझ सकेगा कंप्यूटर।
London, Oct 19 : An Indian-origin researcher in the UK is developing an adjustable artificial lens, made from the same material found in smartphone and TV screens, which could improve vision in older people with presbyopia and cataracts.
As people age, their lenses lose flexibility and elasticity. This leads to a condition known as presbyopia, common in people over 45 years old, and can require optical aids, such as reading glasses.
Devesh Mistry, a postgraduate research student in the School of Physics and Astronomy, at the University of Leeds is working with liquid crystal to create a truly adjustable artificial lens.
"As we get older, the lens in our eye stiffens, when the muscles in the eye contract they can no longer shape the lens to bring close objects into focus," he said.
"Using liquid crystals, which we probably know better as the material used in the screens of TVs and smartphones, lenses would adjust and focus automatically, depending on the eye muscles' movement," he added.
Using these liquid crystal-based materials, Mistry's research is developing synthetic replacements for the diseased lens in the eye - a new generation of lenses and intra-ocular lens implants to rejuvenate sight.
Mistry is currently researching and developing the lens in the lab and aims to have a prototype ready by the end of his doctorate in 2018.
Within a decade, the research could see the new lens being implanted into eyes in a quick and straightforward surgical procedure under local anaesthetic.
Eye surgeons would make an incision in the cornea and use ultrasound to break down the old lens. The liquid crystal lens would then be inserted, restoring clear vision.
The lens could also have application in tackling cataracts - the clouding of natural lenses - which affect many people in later life and which can seriously affect vision. A common treatment is to remove and replace the natural lens.
"Liquid crystals are a very under-rated phase of matter," Mistry told 'The Times'.
"Everybody's happy with solids, liquids and gases and the phases of matter, but liquid crystals lie between crystalline solids and liquids. They have an ordered structure like a crystal, but they can also flow like a liquid and respond to stimuli," he said.
Mistry is working in collaboration with the Eurolens Research at the University of Manchester and with UltraVision CLPL, a specialist contact lenses manufacturer headed by two University of Leeds alumni.
His research builds upon previous work by the same collaborators, who developed a prototype contact lens with an electrically-controllable focus using liquid crystals.
The first commercially-available liquid crystal lenses could be on sale between six and ten years' time. RCL RCL
Tags : Industry, presbyopia, optical aids, Devesh Mistry, cataracts, adjustable artificial lens


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Sunday, June 13, 2021 from 10:00 AM to 3:00 PM PDT
Irwindale Speedway
500 Speedway Drive
Event Registrar
Ford Car Club Council
info@fabulousfordsforever.com
Fabulous Fords Forever! - June 13, 2021
THIS IS THE WEST COAST'S LARGEST ALL-FORD CAR SHOW!
Presented by the Ford Car Club Council and Ford Motor Company, the show celebrates ALL Ford, Lincoln, and Mercury vehicles, from 1903 to current models.
The 35th Annual Fabulous Fords Forever car show will take place on Sunday, June 13, 2021 and will be held at Irwindale Speedway. Yes, we have a new home at a great venue! Show times will be from 10:00am to 3:00pm.
Spector fee will be: Adults (13+) - $15 - Children (12-under) - FREE
Come celebrate 118 years of the Ford Motor Company and 35 years of Fabulous Fords Forever! Our special display this year will honor 65 years of Thunderbird, 80 years of Continental, 60 years of Econoline, 50 years of Pantera, 60 years of Falcon, 50 years of Capri, 55 years of Bronco, and 60 years of Pinto.
There will be 57 show classes, music, stage interviews, a FABULOUS Ford display, displays from show sponsors, celebrities & more!
To register for the show, please click the button below!
Q: Will masks be required at the show?
A: Yes. In order to remain in complaince with local, county, and state regulations regarding COVID-19, masks will be required while at the show. There will also be sanitation stations throughout the show so you're able to keep your hands sanitized.
Q: When do the gates open for show cars to enter?
A: The gates will open at 7:00am for vehicles entered in the show and will close promptly at 10:00am
Q: Will there be day-of-show registration?
A: Unfortunately, no. The show usually sells out well in advance of the deadline, so please register early!
Q: How much does it cost to register?
A: Registration is $45 per vehicle.
Q: Is there any charge for spectators?
A: Yes. Adults 13 and over will be $15 to enter, Children 12 and under are FREE.
Q: Why the change for spectators?
A: That's a tough one. Due to the change in venue, this was something completely unavoidable, not to mention that other shows of this size also charge for spectator entry. It was an extremely difficult choice for us to make.
Q: Do all of the cars have to stay in place until 3:00?
A: Yes. This is both for the safety of the general public and for the vehicle entered. There are NO LINEUPS to leave early. We also strongly discourage people from revving their engines during the show.
Q: Will the show vehicles be allowed to put up any pop-up tents, canopies, or umbrellas?
A: Unfortunatey, no they may not. This is due to safety and liability issues that may arise. There have been many instances in the past where one of these items have toppled and caused damage to a display vehicle. We do, however, allow hand-held umbrellas. If the weather is sunny and hot, we advise anyone attending to plan accordingly.
Q: Can I bring my dog to the show?
A: While we love our four-legged friends, Irwindale Speedway has a very strict policy prohibiting pets on the premises, however they do allow service animals (note: service animals are not the same as "comfort" animals). Please be mindful of the weather on the day of the show. Remember, their paws burn quickly on hot pavement. Please be considerate of your pets.
Q: Can we film the show using a drone?
A: Unfortunately, no. Irwindale Speedway has a very strict policy regarding the use of drones on their property. You can take as many pictures and video as you like with your traditional cameras.
Q: Why are there so many car marques being honored this year?
A: Since we were unable to have our show in 2020, the Council decided that we would honor the marques having anniversaries in both 2020 and 2021.
Q: Will I be able to park together with my car club, if we're in the same class?
A: If you wish to park with your friends or car club, we recommend that you get in line as a group and enter the show together. There are NO reserved spaces.
Q: Can I tow my car into the show?
A: No. We will not have any additional space available to accommodate a tow vehicle.
Q: Where can spectators park?
A: Spectators can park at Irwindale Speedway, in the parking lots available. The attendants will direct you to the spectator parking area.
Q: Will you have parking for vehicle tow trailers?
Q: How soon can registered show vehicles get in line?
A: Many of our volunteers arrive before dawn on show day and have noticed cars beginning to line up. We recommend arriving as early as you are able to, in order to enter and be parked in your class quickly.
Q: If I have a question regarding my entry, prior to the day of the show, who would I contact?
A: You can call our hotline at (626) 209-9138 or send an email to info@fabulousfordsforever.com. We will do our best to respond to you as quickly as possible.
Q: We plan on bringing the family and staying near the venue. Is there a hotel discount available?
A: Yes, we have secured a discount with the Courtyard by Marriott in nearby Monrovia. Details can be found on our website in the hotel discount page.
Q: I have a really cool display sign that I want to show next to my car. Will I be able to?
A: While we think these signs are cool, we do not allow any display signs, mirrors, carpeting, or "For Sale" signs in the show area. This is to protect your vehicle from damage and prevent any accidents with spectators.
2021-06-13T10:00:00-0700 2021-06-13T15:00:00-0700 Fabulous Fords Forever - June 13, 2021 500 Speedway Drive, Irwindale, CA, 91706, US http://events.r20.constantcontact.com/register/event?llr=hfdulvlab&oeidk=a07ehpqqe9l7dfe944c


Cathedrals of England and Wales.
Many Illus. Sq. 4to, cloth. London, 1935.	More about Cathedrals of England and Wales.
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Le Sculture del Duomo di Orvieto.
Bergamo: Instituto Italiano d'Arti Grafiche, 1947. 70 black & white plates. Slim folio, original printed wrappers (spine neatly repaired). Bergamo: Instituto Italiano d'Arti Grafiche, (1947). Very good (+).	More about Le Sculture del Duomo di Orvieto.
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illus., a few in color. 4to, cloth, torn d.w. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, (1979). Washington Cathedral.	More about The Last Cathedral.
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Handbook to the Cathedrals of England (and Wales).
London: John Murray, 1862. 8 volumes, rubricated title, numerous woodcut illus. mainly by Orlando Jewitt, 8vos, handsomely rebound in 3/4 black morocco, marbled boards, top edges gilt. London: John Murray, 1862 - 1887. A near fine set. Previous owner's bookplates on front attached endpapers.	More about Handbook to the Cathedrals of England (and Wales).
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The Glories of Norwich Cathedral.
Profusely Illus., color frontis. Thin 4to, cloth, torn d.w. London: Winchester, (1948).	More about The Glories of Norwich Cathedral.
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Substance, Form and Color through Concrete.
New York: Atlas Portland Cement Co., 1924. A discussion of the problem confronting the architects for the Shrine of the Sacred Heart at Washington, D.C.; how that problem was met; and what this solution means in terms of modern building. Color frontis., many full-page plates, 3 in color. Slim folio, decorative boards, d.w.; (chipped). New York: The Atlas Portland Cement Co., (1924). Near Fine.	More about Substance, Form and Color through Concrete.
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Konigstein im Taunus, 1955. Filled with black & white photographs. 112pp., tall 8vo, decorative wrappers, d.w. Konigstein im Taunus, (1955). A very good copy in a very good dust wrapper.	More about Deutsche Dome des Mittelalters.
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Cathedrals and Cloisters of Midland France.
New York: Putnam, 1907. 2 vols., Illustrations from original photographs by Vida Hunt Francis. 8vo, green pictorial cloth, a bit rubbed. N.Y. and London: Putnam, 1907. First Edition. Very good.	More about Cathedrals and Cloisters of Midland France.
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Sehen und Verstehen Stilkunde: der Deutschen Kunst bis zur Gegenwart.
Berlin: Konrad Lemmer, 1950. 8 color and 230 b/w Illus. 4to, green cloth. Berlin: Konrad Lemmer, (1950). Very good.	More about Sehen und Verstehen Stilkunde: der Deutschen Kunst bis zur Gegenwart.
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text:
{{Infobox song
| name       = Like I Can
| cover      = Sam Smith Like I Can.png
| alt        =
| type       = single
| artist     = Sam Smith
| album      = In the Lonely Hour
| released   = 5 December 2014
| recorded   = 2013
| studio     =
| venue      =
| genre      = Power pop<ref name="NPR Review">{{cite web |url= https://www.npr.org/2014/06/08/319254479/first-listen-sam-smith-in-the-lonely-hour/ |title= First Listen: Sam Smith, 'In The Lonely Hour |work=NPR |last= Fitzgerald |first=Kiana |date=8 June 2014 |accessdate=24 November 2021}} </ref>
| length     = 2:47
| label      =
 Capitol
 Method
| writer     =
 Sam Smith
 Matt Prime
| producer   =
 Steve Fitzmaurice
 Jimmy Napes
 Mojam
| prev_title = I'm Not the Only One
| prev_year  = 2014
| next_title = Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas
| next_year  = 2014
}}

"Like I Can" is a song by English singer Sam Smith. It was released as a digital download on 5 December 2014 as the fifth single from their debut studio album, In the Lonely Hour (2014). The song was written by Smith and Matt Prime and produced by Steve Fitzmaurice, Jimmy Napes and Mojam. It debuted and peaked at number 9 in the United Kingdom, becoming Smith's fifth UK top 10 single.

Background and inspiration
On 24 October 2014, Smith announced via Twitter that they would be releasing "Like I Can" as the fifth single from their debut album In the Lonely Hour. They posted, "Incredibly happy to announce that my next single will be LIKE I CAN!!".

The song was used to describe painful, loneliness that love back to a man's unavoidable desire for love and minimise the painful emotion was throughout this song.

Commercial performance
"Like I Can" peaked at number 9 on the UK Singles Chart, giving Smith their fifth UK top 10 single. It was the 100th biggest-selling song of 2014 in the United Kingdom, as well as the 58th biggest in 2015. It has also charted at number 19 in New Zealand, number 20 in Australia, and number 99 in the United States.

Music video
The music video is in black and white and features Smith and several men on what appears to be a stag party.

Live performances
Smith performed the song on 9 November 2014, on the fifth live results show of series 11 of The X Factor.

Track listing

Covers
On October 12, 2015, Jordan Smith and Regina Love covered as a duet battle through song choice selection in The Voice.

On February 25, 2016, Trent Harmon covered the song during the Top 10 round on the fifteenth season of American Idol.

On October 24, 2016, Dave Moisan sang this song during the knockout rounds in The Voice''.

Appearances in media
In mid-August 2021, the song went viral on TikTok, appearing in more than 2.4M videos as of September 25, 2021 at 6:59 PM EDT. This song also previously went viral over there back in May 2020.

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications and sales

Release history

References

2014 songs
2014 singles
Sam Smith (singer) songs
Songs written by Matt Prime
Capitol Records singles
Songs written by Sam Smith (singer)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
News | September 4, 2007
Cassini Prepares to Fly By Walnut-shaped Moon
(Source: Jet Propulsion Laboratory)
Images taken with Cassini's ultraviolet imaging spectrograph shed some light on the dark side of Saturn's moon Iapetus. Scientists are trying to figure out what painted Iapetus' dark side.
PASADENA, Calif. - Cassini will make its only close flyby of Saturn's odd, two-toned, walnut-shaped moon Iapetus on Sept. 10, 2007, at about 1,640 kilometers (1,000 miles) from the surface.
This flyby will be 100 times closer than Cassini's 2004 encounter, and will be the last time the spacecraft will aim its instruments at this moon.
Iapetus (pronounced eye-APP-eh-tuss) has a ridge of surprisingly large mountains -- the so-called "belly-band" -- that lies directly on top of the equator. The moon also has a distinct difference in the brightness of its leading and trailing hemispheres, one as bright as snow and the other dark as tar. The irregular shape, the mountain ridge and Iapetus' brightness contrast are among the key mysteries scientists are trying to solve.
There are several different ideas on the origin of the dark material. Is it from inside or outside of Iapetus? Is it residue from some other moon or moons? Is it due to impacts by meteoroids or comet debris?
"We are on the search for the brush that may have painted Iapetus's dark side," said Dennis Matson, Cassini project scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
This map of the surface of Iapetus, generated from images taken by NASA's Cassini and Voyager spacecraft, illustrates the imaging coverage planned for Cassini's very close flyby of the two-toned moon on Sept. 10, 2007.
"This dark stuff appears in several places in the Saturn system and might be present not just on Iapetus but many other moons," said JPL scientist Amanda Hendrix of Cassini's ultraviolet imaging spectrograph team and lead author of a paper soon to be published in the journal Icarus that explores the possible sources of the Iapetus dark material.
There's a reddish tint to the Iapetus dark stuff, an important clue in tracing its origin, she said. Saturn's moon Hyperion, which shows evidence of a violent disruption in its past, has a reddish tint, too. "It may be that the event that disrupted Hyperion deposited reddish material onto Iapetus," she said. "Hyperion may be the artist that's painting Iapetus dark."
Yet another Icarus paper on Iapetus by Dale Cruikshank at NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif., and colleagues, reports that the dark material on Iapetus and Saturn's small moon Phoebe may be composed of the same complex, prebiotic hydrocarbons that appear to play a fundamental role in the origin of life. These chemicals, called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, exist on objects ranging from backyard barbeques to comets, meteorites and the stardust that forms planets and flows between stars. They are important markers in studies of the origin of life in the universe.
An array of Cassini instruments will home in on Iapetus during the flyby. The full menu of objectives includes plans to: characterize the chemical composition of the surface; look for evidence of a faint atmosphere or erupting gas plumes; and map the nighttime temperature of the surface. This will be the first Cassini flyby of an icy moon, other than Titan, that's close enough and slow enough to perform radar imaging with Cassini's Synthetic Aperture Radar. A large swath of terrain will be covered, including the equatorial ridge and regions of craters and basins. These measurements may provide the height of some of the features.
"What is really neat is that we are doing radar of an icy object for which we actually have pictures," said Steve Ostro, a radar scientist at JPL. Until now, he said, the radar had been used to reveal the surface of cloud-covered Titan. Iapetus' surface is easily visible. "This will be a lesson on how to interpret radar images on an icy body. With Titan, because of the cloud cover, we don't know what we are looking at much of the time, but for Iapetus we will know very well," he said.
In coming weeks, scientists will be analyzing data from multiple instruments. Some results of that analysis will be presented at a planetary science conference in Orlando, Fla., in mid-October.
More information on the Cassini-Huygens mission is available at: http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov and http://www.nasa.gov/cassini .
The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. JPL designed, developed and assembled the Cassini orbiter.
Carolina Martinez 818-354-9382
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
carolina.martinez@jpl.nasa.gov
NEWS RELEASE: 2007-096
MarCO-B (Wall-E) Mars Approach
Saturn's Streaming Hexagon Storm
How Sunlight Pushes Asteroids
more resources ›


text:
JORDAN WIMPENNY NAMED TOWN WOMEN MANAGER
@HTAFCWomen
27-year-old has a number of experiences in coaching
- Jordan Wimpenny appointed as Huddersfield Town Women Manager
- Wimpenny was previously First Team Coach at Town Women
- Comments from Chairman David Mallin
Huddersfield Town Women are delighted to announce Jordan Wimpenny as their new Manager.
The 27-year-old, who originally joined the Club's Women's Team in July 2019 as First Team Coach, will now take over from Ashley Vickers as First Team Manager.
Jordan has had a plethora of experiences in coaching having worked at Stevenage FC and MK Dons as an Academy Coach, as well as working with the ECFA (English College's National Team) Men's Team.
The new Town Women's Manager also works in the local community for the Huddersfield Town Foundation. He leads on their Tomorrow's Terriers programme, which aims to develop youngsters in and around Huddersfield.
Huddersfield Town Women's Chairman, David Mallin, commented:
"We are absolutely thrilled that Jordan will be taking over as the new Manager of Huddersfield Town's Women.
"Since joining us last July, he has impressed and showed real leadership and motivational qualities, which will help him as he makes the step up with us.
"I think a lot of people can see that this team has a lot of potential and I believe that Jordan, with his knowledge of the team, is the perfect person to help take us to the next level.
"I look forward to continuing my working relationship with him and I'm excited for the future of Huddersfield Town Women."
You can follow his progress with the Town Women via @HTAFCWomen on Twitter!
Huddersfield Town Women
TOWN WOMEN MOVE UP TO FOURTH IN LEAGUE TABLE
Huddersfield Town Women jump to fourth in the League after win against Stoke City
REPORT: AFC FYLDE 2-0 TOWN WOMEN
Town Women defeated away from home
PREVIEW: AFC FLYDE vs TOWN WOMEN
HTAFC Women face AFC Flyde in their next league fixture
TOWN WOMEN KICK OFF 2022/23 SEASON ON SUNDAY
Huddersfield Town Women on the road for season opener


text:
[Chicago Slices raw: Women's Action Coalition]
Raw footage for "Chicago Slices," a television series about life in Chicagoland. This video focuses on the Women's Action Coalition (WAC), an organization focused around women's issues. Videomaker Skip Blumberg tapes a WAC gathering at Carpenter and Huron in the West Loop where participants with homemade instruments play in a drum circle, and also interviews many of them about their beliefs and their cause.
00:00Copy video clip URL The tape opens with footage driving down Lake Shore Drive.
01:49Copy video clip URL A member of the organization describes the mission of Women's Action Coalition (WAC), saying that it is about taking action rather than sitting at home and being angry about issues that affect women's rights.
02:42Copy video clip URL Kathleen MacNamara explains that the instruments used in the WAC band are homemade, and demonstrates how to play them. The women gather on the sidewalk, many of them warming up on the drums.
05:09Copy video clip URL MacNamara explains that they're practicing outside because of a theater group using the space inside. They begin to circle up and drum together. Blumberg speaks with another member, who describes the motives behind the event.
07:40Copy video clip URL The women create a procession over to an open muddy and grassy area across the street. MacNamara calls herself a "political performer" and says that she works at Facets Multimedia. They start performing another drum circle which continues for several minutes.
23:45Copy video clip URL They start a chant, "Women's Action Coalition, Patriarchal Demolition" and then switch to "Women's Action Coalition, Matriarchal Revolution."
25:08Copy video clip URL MacNamara does a quick plug for WAC and invites women to join in on meetings and the drum circle. Blumberg asks her if things are slowing down now that the convention and march is over. She says that they've only been in existence since September 1992, and that some meetings are better attended than others, but they have a solid base of about 75 people. She says that they'll be at the Gay Pride Parade with a sign saying "Feminist Radicals for a Homosexual Agenda." She and Blumberg discuss the term "radical" and how it does and does not fit with the organization.
29:18Copy video clip URL Blumberg walks with Liz from Facets, who expresses her hope that the Children's Film Festival not be associated with the radical movement.
30:25Copy video clip URL Blumberg takes shots of the signs outside the Randolph Street Gallery, then makes some notes to the editor.
32:20Copy video clip URL A StreetWise vendor on Michigan Avenue explains how the StreetWise organization works. He tells about how he became homeless, and then introduces his friend, who is wearing a red turban and carrying a staff. He explains that he is Muslim, and that he is a security guard.
36:00Copy video clip URL Teenagers dance in front of the camera, dressed up for their 8th grade graduation. A few of the girls list their aspirations for the future, including going to high school, practicing law, business, professional basketball, and art.
38:46Copy video clip URL End of tape.
camcorder correspondent, Skip Blumberg; executive producer, Tom Weinberg; producer, Joel Cohen; associate producers, Andrea Be and Nathan Goldstein
Kathleen MacNamara
Hi 8 mm
Chicago, Chicago Slices, Outside Agitators, Skip Blumberg
Joel Cohen, Skip Blumberg, Tom Weinberg
Activist, Documentary, Feminist, Social Problem, Women
activism Chicago Collection Chicago Slices documentary feminism interview politics Social Issues WAC women Women's Action Coalition Women's Issues


This offer had been expired.
Offer applicable on a pair of mattresses upto of 1067 mm for each mattress or a single mattress of width 1068 mm and above.
Free gift shall be dependent on size and models of Sleepwell mattresses.
Fre gifts cannot be encashed, exchanged or returned.


A venture capitalist's job is to say "no" about 99 percent of the time. VCs even say no to ideas that we may find valuable or founders we think have a real chance of making it. At my accelerator, Techstars, we deny more than 98 percent of the startups who apply to our programs--but that shouldn't discourage them for reapplying the following year (or to a different program).
If you're a startup founder, you should expect to hear "no" more frequently than you hear yes. That doesn't mean that your company won't receive funding, or that your company doesn't have the capacity to do something great. It's a crowded market, and like you, many others are looking for funds, new hires, speaking slots and publicity for their ideas.
The best entrepreneurs never take "no" for an answer -- they take it as a challenge to show what they can do.
Where 90 percent of startups eventually fail, being discouraged by denial is a fast track to the startup graveyard. Where there once was a problem, find an appropriate solution to achieve your goal -- whatever that is.
Strengthen the positives, pivot the negatives.
You're walking out of a meeting where you just pitched your startup's business plan to an investor. The meeting seemed to be going well, but it ended with a "we like the idea, but it's not the right time for us to invest." You can walk away thinking your idea is no good, or you can look back on the meeting for insights to strengthen round two.
What questions were being asked? Were they asking for confirmation on info, or did they not understand the concept? For either situation, there is a solution that will allow your second go-around to have better results.
If clarification was the basis of a question, make this info more prominent in your messaging and description. Lean on it to show strength.
If they didn't understand the concept, revisit some of the follow up questions and reconfigure how you're presenting your ideas. Oftentimes founders skip over the more granular details because they're so close to the idea. Simplifying your language, and envisioning that you're pitching your idea to a younger sibling, might make it easier to explain.
Maybe you're reinventing an industry, or introducing a new experience that hasn't been altered in years. Or maybe you're just asking your IT manager to switch ISP providers. Complete disruption to even simple change is hard to grasp and even harder to bet on. Having an idea shot down should lead to a simple next step: asking why.
Some feel that a "no" is another form of "get out of my office," but in most cases you should take advantage of the time and ask for further insight into why your idea wasn't for them. By sticking around to ask additional questions, it shows your boss/a potential investor that you truly care about the idea, and also about their opinion. If you plan to go back after some revisions, this step goes a long way.
It's easy to follow denial with a bit of anger -- "I'll show them that this is possible." But don't let aggression seep into your solution. Bullying someone into a deal doesn't build a great relationship. And if you want to come back with a new idea, good luck getting another meeting.
A humble, confident presentation of ideas will make for a much more enjoyable conversation -- no matter the audience. Whether you're working with someone in your company, or an outsider, no one wants to work with an arrogant person.
"No" will help you grow.
Gaining confidence as a leader can be difficult in the startup world. There are many ways to get discouraged when starting your own business, but these discouragements need to fuel a fire of desire in order for you to grow in your position. If denial makes you want to throw in the towel, it may be too late to save your company from an early grave.
If you're a glass half-empty type of person, you're likely to forget to come back with your request after being denied. Being persistent, without being annoying, can often times can swap a "no" into a "yes."
If you really want something, don't give up on it when someone says it can't, or won't, happen. Steve Jobs never gave up on his dream to change personal computing, but imagine a world if he did.


text:
package com.fincatto.documentofiscal.cte300.classes.nota;

import com.fincatto.documentofiscal.DFBase;
import org.simpleframework.xml.Element;
import org.simpleframework.xml.ElementList;
import org.simpleframework.xml.Namespace;
import org.simpleframework.xml.Root;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author Caio
 * @info Dados da cobrança do CT-e
 */

@Root(name = "cobr")
@Namespace(reference = "http://www.portalfiscal.inf.br/cte")
public class CTeNotaInfoCTeNormalCobranca extends DFBase {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3613541664304195294L;

    @Element(name = "fat", required = false)
    private CTeNotaInfoCTeNormalCobrancaFatura fatura;

    @ElementList(entry = "dup", inline = true, required = false)
    private List<CTeNotaInfoCTeNormalCobrancaDuplicata> duplicata;

    public CTeNotaInfoCTeNormalCobranca() {
        this.fatura = null;
        this.duplicata = null;
    }

    public CTeNotaInfoCTeNormalCobrancaFatura getFatura() {
        return this.fatura;
    }

    /**
     * Dados da fatura
     */
    public void setFatura(final CTeNotaInfoCTeNormalCobrancaFatura fatura) {
        this.fatura = fatura;
    }

    public List<CTeNotaInfoCTeNormalCobrancaDuplicata> getDuplicata() {
        return this.duplicata;
    }

    /**
     * Dados das duplicatas
     */
    public void setDuplicata(final List<CTeNotaInfoCTeNormalCobrancaDuplicata> duplicata) {
        this.duplicata = duplicata;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Jacquelien Maria Aleida Scherpen is a Dutch applied mathematician specializing in nonlinear control theory. She is a professor in the faculty of science and engineering at the University of Groningen, director of the Groningen Engineering Center, and former scientific director of the Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG).

Education and career
Scherpen studied applied mathematics at the University of Twente, earning a master's degree in 1990 and completing her Ph.D. in 1994. Her doctoral dissertation,  Balancing for Nonlinear Systems, was jointly promoted by Huibert Kwakernaak and Arjan van der Schaft.

She was affiliated with the Delft University of Technology from 1994 until 2006, when she moved to her present position at the University of Groningen. She was scientific director of ENTEG from 2013 to 2019, and has directed the Groningen Engineering Center since 2016.

Recognition
Scherpen was named an IEEE Fellow in 2021 "for contributions to nonlinear model reduction and passivity-based control". She is also a knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion. In 2022, she was elected Chair of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Activity Group on Control and Systems Theory (SIAM SIAG/CST).

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Dutch mathematicians
Dutch women mathematicians
Control theorists
University of Twente alumni
Academic staff of the Delft University of Technology
Academic staff of the University of Groningen
Knights of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Fellow Members of the IEEE


Works for me on local, a scratch build in koji runs as http://koji.fedoraproject.org/koji/taskinfo?taskID=6220169 ... let's see how it goes.
Since I expect to break many applications, if you just upgrade, I urge you, to delay that update.
It's not the case, this update has been forgotten! I planned to warn users in about two weeks (or so) via mail to development list, and then later to update Django.
> to delay that update.
I think we have dealt with this on IRC. There was no real UPDATE happening.
python-django-1.6.2-1.fc20 has been submitted as an update for Fedora 20.
python-django-1.6.3-1.fc20 has been submitted as an update for Fedora 20.
Please remember that Fedora 19 needs to be updated as well.
python-django-1.5.6-1.fc19 has been submitted as an update for Fedora 19.
python-django-1.6.3-1.fc20 has been pushed to the Fedora 20 stable repository.  If problems still persist, please make note of it in this bug report.
python-django-1.5.6-1.fc19 has been pushed to the Fedora 19 stable repository.  If problems still persist, please make note of it in this bug report.


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P.O Box 01, Kwania| Tel: +256-2-612244 | E-mail: info@kwania.go.ug
Location & Size
Population & Culture
Service to People
Operation Wealth Creation
Home » Lake Kwania
Lake Kwania
Lake Kwania is in the districts of Lira, Apac and Amolatar in the Northern Region of Uganda.[2] It is part of a large wetland along the White Nile (Victoria Nile) between Lake Victoria and Lake Albert. The wetland, which includes Lake Kwania, the even larger Lake Kyoga, and other water bodies and swamps, consists of about 3,420 square kilometres (1,320 sq mi) of open water and about 2,180 square kilometres (840 sq mi) of permanent swamps. Of this total, Lake Kwania accounts for 540 square kilometres (210 sq mi), about 16 percent, of the open water.[1]
The lake is heavily fished for Nile tilapia and Nile perch, introduced species that caused declines in native fish populations after the mid-1950s. By the late 1960s, the introduced species made up about 80 percent of the commercial catch from Lake Kyoga, Kwania's near neighbor. Although civil unrest, overfishing, and infestations of water hyacinth (later brought under control) at times curtailed the fishing, by the mid-1990s Lake Kwania had 34 landing sites and a fleet of about 1,500 planked canoes operated by about 4,500 fishers.[3]
KWANIA DISTRICT NOTICEBOARD
Manual water hyacinth removal
Production of passion fruit
Agricultural Production
Improving learning in Schools
District at Glance
Political and Administrative Structure
Annual performance report FOR 2019-4 for Production and Marketing department
National Population and Housing Census 2014, Area Specific Profiles: Mukono District
Copyright © 2022, Kwania District LG
With Support from NITA-U


The Seattle Seahawks colors are College Navy, Action Green, and Wolf Gray. Here are the Seattle Seahawks color codes if you need them for any of your digital projects. Follow this link for the rest of the NFL hex color codes for all of your favorite football team color codes.
From 1976 until their re-design in 2001, the Seahawks colors were blue, green and silver.


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La Française Group is a global asset manager headquartered in Paris. It was created in 1975. In 2016, La Française Group was 168th out in IPE's annual asset management study of 400 firms. The main shareholder, Crédit Mutuel Nord Europe, is a leading banking and insurance group present in Northern France and Belgium with a credit rating of A/A-1 by S&P.

La Française Group has developed an investment platform, ranging from traditional asset classes to alternatives area. La Française Global Real Estate Group, in February 2019 officially announced its long-term partnership with Canadian Pension Plan Investment Board in the development of Grand Paris. The firm acquired Cushman & Wakefield Investors in 2014.

References

External links

Investment management companies of France


Some sites now use the rtmp protocol to stream videos, using primarily Flash in a web browser as a client.
rtmpdump is a utility created to save those videos on disk for later use. Since its usage is a bit obscure and the download could fail for various reasons (a missing option, a badly spelled parameter, etc.) and every site needs its own tweaks, I'm going to explain a bit how to deal with the simple cases.
tcpdump could be needed, unless you want to dig into disassembling a Flash application (but maybe a simple strings can be enough), since some variables are not shown in the html code of the web page.
…but since the code can correctly parse the url only if it's quite simple, sometimes it can make a wrong guess, and that's where the user should be explicit about every part of the path, and use the corresponding options (like --app or --playpath).
The first, −−pageUrl, is obvious. For the second, all is needed is a look at the html source. The third is sometimes written in the .html page too, or sometimes in an .xml configuration file called either by the web page or the flash code: that's where tcpdump or "live HTTP headers" become useful.
… with the one of rtmpsrv and change the command line parameters one by one. Maybe this won't get you much far, the download may stop before it reaches 100%, but can be useful anyway. Good luck.


Sam Abrams, a core team member of Indy Hall, discussed how to make sure that you get your moneys worth at the coworking conferences with Alex Hillman. Sam attended her first ever conference which was particularly successful.
Day one is typically the conference day. Alex expressed how he prefers the unconference day because it does not feel like he learns much on the first day.
People tend to use the stage a certain way which often feels like they are talking at you. However, this conference had no slumps in topics which made the first day better than usual. Although, it still had the usual presentations, each one was uniquely interesting and different. The speakers created a take away rather than just showcasing what they have achieved.
Angel Kwiatkowski, one of the speakers was so open about a failure she had in the past. A lot of times at conferences, people talk about how to be successful. This can create a high standard that is hard to hold yourself to. Being able to explain failures is important. In order to be able to discuss failure, you need to have a certain amount of self awareness. The willingness and humility to admit a failure does not come easy but is incredibly impactful.
Day two is preferred by Alex because you are actually able to talk to different people about what they are doing. Sam did not think she would get to have a lot of conversations on how individual spaces run. She thought it would be more focused on missions and goals. However, she found a lot of opportunities to actually talk about how spaces are run. She learned about how they grow while maintaining intimacy amongst members and much more.
Unconferences allow people to get ideas from places on how to implement things in their own space. Unconferences cover a wide range of topics from mental health to programming and events. Sam enjoyed getting to share personal conversations they had that made an impact on their space.


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Nick Brandon Jun 07, 2013
Top 10 Most Controversial iPhone Apps
From throwing a shoe at the president to propositioning Facebook friends for casual sex,
we run through the top 10 most controversial iPhone Apps.
"I Am Rich" Released in the App Store in August of 2009, this $1,000 dollar app, which merely displayed a picture of a diamond, created much controversy when two customers unintentionally bought the app thinking it was 'just a joke'. Both complained to Apple who quickly yanked the app from their store and refunded their money. Developer, Armin Heinrich hasn't seen a penny of the $6,000 that were spent by the other six customers who intentionally purchased the application, leaving us to suspect that Apple took much more than their 30% cut. The app has since been reposted and can now be purchased for $10.
"Sweatshop" As the picture above would suggest, this new controversial app is about exploiting child workers in a bid to create 'Le Shoe'. Apple ironically pulled the game from their App Store shortly after contacting the developer, saying "it was uncomfortable selling a game based around the theme of running a sweatshops." The quote is more laughable than its gameplay, where the user is asked to block fire exits and increase work hours in a bid to create as many shoes as you can to earn a gold medal. In the 'About' section in the flash version of the game, creator, Littleloud wrote that they and Channel 4 worked with experts on sweatshops to integrate some of these realities into the game design to spread awareness.
"Slasher" Released in the midst of a huge wave of stabbings in the UK back in 2008, this simple app, depicting a picture of a knife and playing a psychotic tune of knife slashes and screams when you wave your iDevice, caused controversy throughout Britain. After much outrage, Apple quickly took the application off their App Store. The app was reposted four years later in 2012.
"My Shoe" The application is just one out of a pool of political apps that Apple has rejected to avoid controversy and anger from their users. The game, like many online games and videos at the time, parodied the incident of when an Iranian journalist threw a shoe at American president, George W. Bush. The game is much like Backflip Studios' Paper Toss, where you would hold your iDevice in your hand and swing your harm, in an attempt to hit the cartoon president with a shoe overcoming wind and other obstacles.
"SnapChat" The following application allows users to send pictures to their friends that can only be viewed by their friend for 10 seconds before it is deleted stored on the developer's servers. Despite this, users are using the application to send nude photos of themselves to other people, these are the same people who are unaware that you're able to hold the home and power button together and take a screenshot. Don't get me wrong, I'm not stopping you from being a moron but if you're below the age of 18, you could technically face 15 years in prison.
"Bang With Friends" Created by Colin Hodge, the popular app promising to make it easier for people [especially women] to ask for casual sex to their Facebook friends was cut short after it was banished from the App store for being too 'vulgar' for Apple's liking. The service, which only notifies both parties when their is a match, has one million users, with users logging over 70,000 times a day. The app, although banned from the App store, is of course still available on the Google Play store.
"Boyfriend Trainer" Originating as a flash game developed by Games2win, the iOS app allowed users to abuse a virtual boyfriend in a bid to "train him to be the ideal man." In the game the user controls a virtual girlfriend, who must physically abuse a boyfriend character through various levels or "lessons," like slapping him when he looks at other women or strangling him when he drives too fast. While the game attempted to spread female empowerment with a comedic twist, it ended up becoming criticised for the comedic portrayal of domestic violence.
"iBoobs" Unfortunately, despite its name, Apple wasn't behind this saucy application, but was behind its death in 2008, branding it "objectionable content" for its 'kid-friendly' app store. The game, which allowed users to control the movement of set of tits through the iphone's accelerometer has since been reincarnated on the Google Play store with the addition of achievements like "monster shake," and is available for $2.44.
"Door of Hope" Created by the morons of "Setting Captives Free,"the mobile application is just one of a wave of 'gay cure' apps, allowing 'homosexuals to be cured 'on-the-go' in only 60 days'. Following waves of negative press and public outrage, Apple quickly yanked the app from the App store in just a few days. The app, however, is still available on the Play store for free, its page bombarded with negative reviews has been rated "one star" by 800 users.
"Lulu" Created by Luluvise, the mobile app allows women link their ex-boyfriend's Facebook account and categorise them through hash-tags like #bigfeet, #6foot or #opensdoors to inform or warn their fellow 'girlfriends' of the guy they are dating. The idea, which sounds innocent enough, has garned negative reviews from pissed off boyfriends, demanding their profile to be deleted from the site, stating the app is a "sexist double standard."
Posted under: Apple Top 10
Nick Brandon See profile
I have always been interested in technology, I remember waiting for the highly anticipated Playstation to come out! For all of these years I have watched technology evolve, slowly getting smarter and more popular every year.


Emirates took over the Yahoo! India Email Login Page in style on Monday, 16th March.
I particularly like the Video Wall takeover ad unit on Yahoo! India's Email login page because of the clean impact and high visibility it offers. You cannot miss the ad unit and there is no content clutter to distract you. The video plays out in full-screen as you sign-in to your email account with a user-initiated audio option and prominent pause and close buttons.
Emirates showcased their TV commercial on this ad-unit and did a great job with the landing page and the overall rendition.
Check out the video capture below and more such interesting rich media renditions on the Powering Brands YouTube Channel.


I swear by it. I have been using Vaseline everyday from last one month now.
I am not much into mascaras, so i use it in the day instead of mascara and it instantly makes my lashes shine and smooth. You could also do it at night before going to sleep. I would also recommend using Vaseline on your eyebrows. If you have eyebrows that you would like to grow thicker, just wipe Vaseline on it. Also, it is quite good for shaping your eyebrows.
How to : Just stick your index finger in the jar and take out a small bit. Massage it gently on your upper and lower lashes.
P.s : Pls do not apply eye makeup on Vaseline, your makeup will smudge terribly.
Just like we oil our hair to make them long and strong, the same goes to our lashes.
As i wear Vaseline in the morning, i oil my lashes before going to sleep.
I use Castor oil. You could also use Almond oil, Olive Oil or Vitamin E oil.
How to : Recycle your old mascara brush. Clean it well. Dip it in the oil of your choice and apply in to your lashes like you apply mascara.
Next Yummyyyy Hot Chocolate !!
This post was very nicely written, and it also contains a lot of useful facts. Thanks for sharing wonderful information.


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package net.avantica.xinef.dapp.data;

import net.avantica.xinef.dapp.domain.entity.PublicInvestmentProject;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import static org.hamcrest.core.Is.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;

/**
 * Example local unit test, which will execute on the development machine (host).
 *
 * @see Testing documentation
 */
public class ExampleUnitTest {

    private static final String FAKE_PROJECT_UNIQUE_CODE = "1";

    private PublicInvestmentProject publicInvestmentProject;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        publicInvestmentProject = new PublicInvestmentProject();
        publicInvestmentProject.setUniqueCode(FAKE_PROJECT_UNIQUE_CODE);
    }

    @Test
    public void testPublicInvestmentProject1() {
        String uniqueCode = publicInvestmentProject.getUniqueCode();
        assertThat(uniqueCode, is(FAKE_PROJECT_UNIQUE_CODE));
    }
}


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Region: England
Texture: semi-hard
Historically referred to as "The King of Cheeses" Stilton is a blue-mould cheese with a rich and mellow flavour and a piquant aftertaste. It has narrow, blue-green veins and a wrinkled rind which is not edible.
In England, Stilton is not just a cheese–it's an institution, displayed with pride on sideboards in pubs and restaurants throughout Britain. The history of Stilton can be traced back to the early 18th century and although it is clear that the recipe used has changed quite dramatically over the years it remains one of the world's best known and much loved cheeses. First made in the 1700s in Leicestershire, this cheese gained its fame (and its name) when it was served at a popular inn in the nearby town of Stilton.
Quintessentially English, Stilton has its own Certification Trade Mark and is an EU Protected Food Name. In 1936, The Stilton Cheese Makers' Association was formed to maintain the quality standards and protect the name and legacy of Stilton cheese. Stilton is a trademark and has been certified by the European Commission as a PDO or protected designation of origin cheese. This certification means that Stilton can only be made in the counties of Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire. Today, there are six creameries which are authorized to make Stilton.
To be called "The King of Cheeses" a Stilton must be made only in three counties from local milk which is pasteurized before use, be made only in the traditional cylindrical shape, be allowed to form its own crust or coat, be unpressed, have delicate blue veins radiating from the center and have a taste profile typical of Stilton.
Stilton is a creamy cheese marbled with rich blue veins, and it has a rich flavour which will mellow with additional aging. It has a strong flavour similar to that of other blue cheeses and yet has a velvety texture on the tongue. Cheese lovers know Stilton by the strong aroma it gives off which is a combination of aged cheese and a full dairy sensation. The white colour tends not to be quite as bright as other blue cheeses and has many more blue veins than Roquefort or Scandinavian blue cheeses. Stilton usually also has a sharp after taste, which complements many foods well. The traditionally wrinkled crust of the cheese is not edible and should be cut away before eating.
Because Stilton is not pressed, the cheese remains crumbly and flaky, ideal for salads, pastas, and pizza. Older Stiltons sometimes appear on dessert platters, lending a distinguished creamy flavour to the table.
Stilton is milder than Roquefort or Gorgonzola, and is equally excellent for crumbling over salads or as a dessert cheese, traditionally served at room temperature with walnuts and a good port.With its piquant taste and soft, crumbly texture, it's the perfect ending to a meal.


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Alexander Roda Roda, né le  en Autriche-Hongrie à Drnowitz, dans le margraviat de Moravie (actuellement en République tchèque), et mort le  à New York (États-Unis), est un écrivain autrichien.

Biographie

Alexander Roda Roda a vécu et travaillé plus de trente ans en Slavonie (actuellement en Croatie), principalement à Osijek.

Filmographie

Acteur
 1926 : Der Feldherrnhügel : Korpskomandant
 1930 : Der falsche Feldmarschall : Der Feldmarschall
 1931 : Meet the Sister : Postminister
 1931 : The Theft of the Mona Lisa
 1932 : Der Feldherrnhügel : Korpskommandant

Scénariste

 1920 : Die Liebe vom Zigeuner stammt...
 1926 : Der Feldherrnhügel de Hans Otto et Erich Schönfelder
 1930 : Der falsche Feldmarschall
 1931 : L'amour commande (Liebeskommando) de Géza von Bolváry
 1931 : Meet the Sister
 1932 : Der Feldherrnhügel d'Eugen Thiele
 1953 : Der Feldherrnhügel de Ernst Marischka
 1964 : Der Feldherrnhügel (téléfilm) de Karl Farkas
 1970 : Der Feldherrnhügel (téléfilm) de Georg Wildhagen
 1976 : Der Knabe mit den 13 Vätern (série télévisée)

Récompenses et distinctions

Notes et références

Liens externes

Écrivain autrichien
Acteur autrichien
Librettiste autrichien d'opéra
Naissance en avril 1872
Naissance dans la région de Moravie-du-Sud
Naissance dans le margraviat de Moravie
Décès en août 1945
Décès à New York
Décès à 73 ans
Personnalité autrichienne incinérée
Correspondant de guerre de la Première Guerre mondiale


Have you ever tried cleaning your workplace on your own? If you ever have then, you may know how stressful it can be to keep each & every corner clean. It is like, a DIY process is troublesome that's why people look for Office cleaning Melbourne services. Before you hire any company in your area, it is important that you first do proper research.
This is the simplest way that you can differentiate between Office cleaning experts from other fake companies. Research can also be helpful to you for finding Office cleaning pros which will not guarantee appealing cleaning services but also take affordable service charges. If you have made up your mind to hire any Office cleaning service provider then here are a few tips that you should follow!
The internet is a good source when you look for any Office company. For the in-depth result, you should search for keywords like cleaning company that offer Office services and then you will come across different options. Ensure looking at google reviews because it can tell many things about the company's quality, skill, and services. I accept, many times, there are wrong reviews but at least you will get the idea about the company's services.
For quality services, you should always deal with licensed Office cleaners that can assure the pros to all your cleaning needs. Hire an insured Office cleaning company and on another hand, you should not worry about the damage caused by any mistakes which may occur by the company.
There are many experienced Office cleaning experts who will deliver the most desirable results than any less experienced cleaners. Make sure to look for a cleaning service company that is reliable, experienced, and competent.
Just try to eliminate a few Office cleaners with using different tricks and filter out to two and three of them. Then, you should finally hire a Office cleaner who can ensure satisfying cleaning services at affordable prices.
Ask your relatives, friends, or relatives who have hired cleaning pros before as they can help you in locating the right experts for your Office requirements. Although, referrals are a good source to help you with the pros and cons that have been experienced with the cleaning companies. Also, they can guide you better to the costs incurred with the services.
What have you thought? Will you go through the traditional way of cleaning or hiring a Office cleaning Melbourne company that can complete your cleaning job? Although, it is all up to you whether you will like to hire a company or going through a DIY job. But if you are hiring a company, don't forget considering above-given factors. Thanks!


text:
Car Rental » United States » Arizona » Nogales
Nogales Car Rental Comparison
Nogales is a beautiful city located in Santa Cruz County, Arizona, United States of America. According to a recent study, Nogales has a population of 21.017 residents and an area of 20.8 square miles. Nogales is also the county seat of Santa Cruz County and borders a Mexican city called Nogales, in the Sonora area. The name of the city - Nogales means in Spanish "black walnuts" and was given to the area after the walnut trees that used to grow in both cities of Nogales - in the United States and in Mexico. Notable locals of the city include actress Movita Castaneda, director Jack Hannah, artist Emilia Arana and editor Jack O'Conner.
Top Attractions within Nogales
Palo Duro Creek Golf Course is a great golf course located within Nogales where locals often gather to see competitions or to take lessons from professionals.
Kino Springs Country Club is a club where tourists can have a lot of activities and among them - golfing. The country club is also known in the area of Nogales for the great food it serves - mainly dishes of the local cuisine.
Nogales - Pimeria Alta Historical Society is a historical museum offering a lot of information regarding the history of Nogales and of the area surrounding it. Many details about the Mexican city bearing the same name are also available during a guided tour. Galleries and exhibitions of this attraction are great and include a lot of artifacts of the first settlers of the city.
Nogales - Hilltop Art Gallery is the best place where tourists can admire the beautiful works of the local artists. The gallery also has the right to sell a part of the exposed artworks.
Nogales Historic Area is an area downtown where a large part of the buildings have historical significance in the past of the city. This is why most of them were listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
United States, Arizona, United States
Top depots in Nogales
Enterprise Nogales - 871 W Mariposa Rd Unit C, Unit C, Nogales, .
Other locations near Nogales
Miles/km to Nogales
Directions to Nogales
Green Valley 36/57 Directions 31.85425 -110.9937
Fort Huachuca 38/60 Directions 31.555353 -110.349905
Sierra Vista 40/64 Directions 31.55454 -110.30369
Tucson 61/98 Directions 32.22174 -110.92648
Oro Valley 73/117 Directions 32.39091 -110.96649
Casa Grande 117/188 Directions 32.8795 -111.75735
Safford 126/202 Directions 32.83395 -109.70758
Queen Creek 138/222 Directions 33.24866 -111.6343
Globe 142/229 Directions 33.39422 -110.7865
Nogales Map


text:
PCB Exposure Attenuates Two Vaccines' Efficacy
ODENSE, Denmark -- Exposure to the pollutant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) can impair children's immune systems, making diphtheria and tetanus vaccinations less protective, according to researchers here.
ODENSE, Denmark, Aug. 24 -- The potency of diphtheria and tetanus vaccination can be attenuated by children's exposure to the pollutant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), according to researchers here.
Early PCB exposure was the major contributor to impaired antibody production in response to diphtheria and tetanus vaccinations, which may indicate a need for stepped up immunization in children at higher exposures, found a study sponsored by the U.S. and Danish Environmental Protection Agencies.
Every doubling in total PCB exposure reduced antibody response to the diphtheria vaccine by nearly a quarter in younger children and reduced tetanus vaccine response similarly in older children, Philippe Grandjean, M.D., of the University of Southern Denmark here and Harvard, and colleagues reported online on Aug. 22in the Public Library of Science Medicine.
Although most of the children made enough antibodies to both vaccines to provide protection, about a fifth of the older children had low levels of diphtheria antibodies, particularly those with the highest exposure, the investigators wrote.
The prospective study included two cohorts of children born in the Faroe Islands of Denmark, where PCB levels, but not dioxin, are known to be high, in part because whale blubber is a traditional food.
In one group of 129 children who received booster shots at age five, in addition to earlier vaccination, specific antibodies against tetanus were significantly lower in those whose mothers had above average serum PCB levels during pregnancy (4.61 versus 7.03, P=0.035). Immune response to the diphtheria vaccine was slightly lower for these children who were examined when they were 7 years old (0.60 versus 0.64, P=0.82).
Two years after the booster shots, a "surprisingly high" 21% (95% confidence interval 14% to 28%) of these children had diphtheria antibody concentrations below the 0.1 IU/mL limit necessary for long-term protection.
In the second group of 119 children who were tested at 18 months old, diphtheria vaccination was significantly less effective in those who had above average serum PCB levels during early childhood (1.37 versus 2.39, P=0.032).
The older children had no significantly differences in response based on early childhood PCB levels. The younger children had no significant differences in antibodies to either vaccine according to exposure before birth.
Though there were some differences between these cohorts, "the results are in overall agreement," Dr. Grandjean and colleagues wrote, and taken together suggest that the early postnatal period is most important in determining PCB's effects on the developing immune system.
The "crude picture of the exposure profile" painted by the few blood and milk samples taken for each child and mother pair may underestimate the true effect of the PCB exposure, the researchers said.
All results were controlled for gender, age, birth weight, whether the mother smoked during pregnancy, and time from last vaccination. None of the vaccines administered contained mercury-based preservatives, and mercury was not found to be associated with the immune response to vaccination.
The results may have implications for children around the world, the investigators said.
"Although the Faroese population has a substantially increased PCB exposure," the investigators wrote, "the results of the present study suggest that possible adverse influences on the immune function may well occur also at lower exposure ranges prevalent worldwide."
The study was supported by the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Danish Medical Research Council and the Danish Environmental Protection Agency.