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FROM THE RECTOR: A BIBLICAL FAMILY
A snowstorm on Thursday, February 9, has postponed the removal of the last of the scaffolding on West 47th Street until next week.
Abram, later Abraham, makes his first appearance in Genesis in a list of the descendants of Noah's oldest son, Shem (Genesis 11:26). We've been hearing Abraham's story at Evening Prayer since the second Friday after the Epiphany, this year, January 20. A few years ago I discovered that the Daily Office Lectionary omitted the passage where Abraham's two sons, half-brothers Ishmael and Isaac, come together to bury him (Genesis 25:9). I also discovered that the only other time they are found together is after Isaac is born. Isaac's mother Sarah sees them playing together. She reacts by insisting that Abraham send Ishmael and his enslaved mother Hagar away. Neither Sarah nor Abraham come off very well in this story. Yet sending Hagar and Ishmael away opens the door for God to rescue them when they are near death in the wilderness.
Last week I did something I have never done before. While officiating at Morning Prayer, I felt moved to make a comment after the second lesson. I said something like, "That's so wrong. Paul totally misuses the story from Genesis." The passage we had heard is known as "The Allegory of Hagar and Sarah" (Galatians 4:21-31). I'll get to the allegory in a moment, but first, let me deal with the most annoying verse in the story, "But as at that time he [Ishmael] who was born according to the flesh persecuted him [Isaac] who was born according to the Spirit, so it is now" (Galatians 4:29). There is no passage in the Hebrew Scriptures where Ishmael is said to have persecuted Isaac. Again, they played together as boys; they came together to bury their father.
During Sunday Evensong & Benediction on Super Bowl Sunday night.
Allegory is a story in which the characters or objects stand for something else. I think the first time I heard the word was when we were asked to read George Orwell's Animal Farm. (Was I in the eighth grade?) The farm stood for Tsarist Russia. The animals who were more equal than others were the Communist victors of the revolution.
In Galatians Paul writes, "Now this is an allegory: these women are two covenants. One is from Mount Sinai, bearing children for slavery; she is Hagar. Now Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia; she corresponds to the present Jerusalem, for she is in slavery with her children. But the Jerusalem above is free, and she is our mother" (Galatians 4:24-26). Circumcision was a significant issue for Gentile converts, and for Paul. The apostle was clear about how he understood the work of the Spirit, "For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision is of any avail, but faith working through love" (Galatians 5:6). Paul reduces Hagar and Sarah to two-dimensional symbols in order to make an important argument about circumcision and the admission of Gentiles into the Christian community. However, in doing that he pays a hefty price. He drains the original story of its drama, and he asks his readers to ignore the story's sad and tragic elements, and its moral impact. I'm not sure Hagar and Sarah would have approved.
Ric Miranda, Grace Bruni, and John Delves setting up for the Super Bowl Party
Our readings this week have continued with the story of Isaac and Rebekah and their twin sons, Esau and Jacob. On Monday, we learned that Isaac loved Esau more than Jacob and that Rebekah loved Jacob more than Esau. That lesson ended with Esau begging his brother Jacob for food-and Jacob refusing to feed his starving brother unless he is compensated (Genesis 25:29-34). On Wednesday we heard Rebekah helping her favored son to deceive Isaac so that Jacob could receive the blessing that by right belonged to Esau, her first born (Genesis 27:1-29). On Thursday we heard the painful account of the moment in which Isaac and Esau realize that Rebekah and Jacob have stolen Esau's blessing (Genesis 27:30-45).
Genesis is a record of God's covenant and promise to humankind. It moves in the direction God intends, not the ones we humans might prefer. A spiritual director once suggested to me that I should trust that my life was unfolding according to God's purposes. I accept that as a foundation, but not as the whole story. There are too many free radicals, as it were, in our human lives, sickness and evil, to name two. I understand that God's ways are mysterious and that sometimes God uses flawed human beings to achieve his purposes. But, still, I cannot help but ask, When does humankind break through to right relationships among sisters and brothers, between spouses, between parents and children, between friends and strangers, between God and humankind? Paul didn't have to bring up Hagar and Sarah. He already knew what the Spirit was doing in the lives of those who turned to Christ. He wrote, "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus" (Galatians 3:28). -Stephen Gerth
OUR PRAYERS ARE ASKED FOR Kevin, Eloise, Dennis, Matthew, Geneva, Jimmy, Elsa, Paula, Christopher, John, Alexander, Shawna, Rocco, Krystal, May, Robert, Nicole, Heidi, Barbara, Jean, Sam, Sharon, Donald, Takeem, Linda, Abraham; Horace, Hamilton, Peter, Gaylord, Harry, Louis, Edgar, and Carl, priests; all victims of war, poverty, famine, and disaster; the members of our Armed Forces on active duty, especially Mark; and the repose of the souls of Photios Lyras and Eileen Doring . . . GRANT THEM PEACE . . . February 12: 1894 Sarah J. McEvans; 1898 Anna R. Middlemis; 1911 Frank Brooks Blanchard; 1940 John Metzger; 1993 Winston Davis.
Jose Vidal and John Delves
THIS WEEK AT SAINT MARY'S . . . Saturday, February 11, 8:00 PM, New York Repertory Orchestra. Program includes music by Pfitzner, Ravel, and Bruch. Admission is free. A donation at the door is encouraged. More information is available online . . . Sunday, February 12, Sixth Sunday after the Epiphany, Sung Matins 8:30 AM, Mass 9:00 & 10:00 AM, Adult Education 10:00 AM, Solemn Mass 11:00 AM, Solemn Evensong and Benediction 5:00 PM . . . Adult Forum: Seminarian Matthew Jacobson will begin his three-part series on the lives of the saints ("hagiography") on Sunday, February 12, at 10:00 AM, in the Mission House . . . The Wednesday Night Bible Study Class will not meet on Wednesday, February 15.
AROUND THE PARISH . . . Parishioner Dennis Smith was admitted this week to the Hudsonview Care Facility, 9020 Wall Street, North Bergen, New Jersey, for treatment and physical therapy. Hudsonview is near Dennis's home in West New York and can be reached via a New Jersey Transit bus. Parishioner Linda Bridges continues to receive treatment at the Sarah Neuman Campus of the New Jewish Home, 845 Palmer Avenue, Mamaroneck, New York. Please keep Dennis and Linda in your prayers . . . A Word of Thanks: Thank you to all those who worked so hard last Sunday to make our annual Super Bowl party a great success. We are grateful to all those who provided leadership and oversight, and to those who arrived early to set up tables, chairs, sound and video equipment, as well as stations for food and beverages. The sexton on duty was assisted by a number of willing volunteers. Those attending the party were a wonderful mix of parishioners, friends, neighbors, visitors, and our homeless guests. The game itself provided a good deal of excitement, even for those who know little about football. Super Bowl 52 will take place on Sunday, February 4, 2018, in Minneapolis . . . Altar Flowers are needed for the following Sundays: February 19, 26, and March 26 (Rose Sunday). Donations for Easter flowers and decorations are also gratefully accepted. If you would like to make a donation, please contact the parish office . . . Father Jay Smith will be away from the parish on vacation from Monday, February 13, until Monday, February 20. He returns to the office on Tuesday, February 21 . . . Attendance: Last Sunday 168.
Parishioners Hardy Geer and Julie Gillis, and a guest
LENTEN QUIET DAY . . . On Saturday, March 18, from 9:30 AM to 3:00 PM, Sister Monica Clare, C.S.J.B., will lead a Quiet Day here at the parish. The day's theme is "Keeping our faith and hope in the midst of fear and despair." Sister Monica will deliver her meditations in the Wedding Chapel. Saint Joseph's Hall, the chapels, and the church will be available for quiet, prayer, reading, and meditation. A light breakfast will be provided at 9:30 AM. The first meditation will begin at 10:00 AM. Noonday Prayer is at 12:00 PM and Mass will be celebrated at 12:10 PM. Lunch follows in Saint Joseph's Hall. Please RSVP to Father Jay Smith if you plan to attend. A freewill offering of $10.00 is suggested.
A GUEST CHOIR . . . At Evensong on Sunday, February 12, at 5:00 PM, we will be joined by the Choir of Christ's Church, Rye, New York. The choir is directed by Ruaraidh Sutherland. Mr. Sutherland and his choir have been with us several times in recent years, and we are looking forward to welcoming them back to Saint Mary's. The choir and Mr. Sutherland will be accompanied by the Reverend Deacon Dorothée Caulfield. A reception follows the service. All are welcome.
OUR SEMINARIAN . . . Dr. Matthew Daniel Jacobson is to be ordained deacon on Saturday, March 4, at 10:30 AM, at the Cathedral Church of Saint John the Divine. The members of the parish community are invited to attend. Please keep Matt in your prayers.
Lights on in the organ loft means that Larry Trupiano, our organ curator, is at work.
MUSIC NOTES. . . The setting at the Solemn Mass on Sunday is the Missa Ave Maris Stella of Tomás Luís de Victoria (1548-1611). Victoria is considered the most important Spanish composer of Renaissance polyphony. Born in Avila, the seventh of eleven children, he began his musical education as a choirboy at Avila Cathedral and began his classical education at San Gil, a Jesuit school for boys founded in 1554. By 1565 Victoria had entered the Jesuit Collegio Germanico in Rome, where he was later engaged to teach music and eventually named maestro di cappella. Victoria knew and may have been instructed by Palestrina (1525-1594) who was maestro di cappella of the nearby Seminario Romano at that time. During his years in Rome, Victoria held several positions as singer, organist, and choral master and published many of his compositions. He was ordained priest in 1575 after a three-day diaconate. There are twenty authenticated Mass settings of Victoria in addition to two Requiems. The four-voice Missa Ave Maris Stella, dating from 1576, is one of Victoria's many parody Masses, systematically incorporating melodic material drawn from pre-existing sources. In this case, Victoria's theme is the Marian hymn Ave Maris Stella. Elements of the chant melody are used imitatively throughout the polyphonic texture as well as in long notes in the manner of a cantus firmus.
Before the lights go down to watch the game.
The motet sung during the administration of Communion on Sunday is a setting of a prayer for God's guidance first noted in a Sarum Primer published in London in 1514. This prayer has been reprinted in countless devotional collections. It was found in The Hymnal 1940 (466) and at 694 in The Hymnal 1982. Many choral settings of this prayer exist as well. The present setting was composed by David Hurd in 1992 in honor of the Reverend William Dearnaley (1946-1999), and first sung at All Saints Church, East Sixtieth Street, Manhattan. At the time, Father Dearnaley was interim priest-in-charge and Dr. Hurd was music director at that parish. This choral setting is a dialogue between a tenor soloist (Christopher Howatt) and choir in eight voices.
The organ voluntaries today are the opening and closing Allegro sections of the F Major Concerto by Tomaso Albinoni (1671-1751) transcribed for the organ by Johann Gottfried Walther (1684-1748). Walther was born in Erfurt, Germany, where his early studies were with Johann Bernhard Bach. A cousin and friend of J. S. Bach, Walther was town organist in Weimar when J. S. Bach was court organist there. He is credited with introducing the slightly younger Bach to the newer and fashionable Italian instrumental music. Both men made several transcriptions of Italian instrumental pieces for organ and harpsichord. -David Hurd
Snow on the Lady Chapel roof
ADULT EDUCATION . . . Thank you to Dr. Charles Morgan for leading the Adult Forum in the series on anger. We are grateful to him for sharing his knowledge and expertise with the parish community . . . On February 12, 19, and 26, seminarian Matthew Jacobson will lead the series Hagiography in the Early Church. Matt writes, "In some ways, hagiographies are similar to biographies, but in many ways they are very different. Hagios is a Greek word used often in the Bible that can be translated as 'holy' or 'set apart,' and it is also used to describe the saints. Christian hagiographies therefore are writings that tell the stories of the lives of the saints. This three-part series will explore the genre of hagiography, focusing on texts from the first five centuries, both as a means to learn more about some early saints as well as the genre itself, in order to better understand the early Church." On Sundays in Lent, March 5, 12, 19, 26, and April 2 and 9, Father Pete Powell will continue his class on the Acts of the Apostles; and, during Eastertide, Deacon Rebecca Weiner Tompkins will present a series of classes entitled "Rising / Rose / Risen: Readings on Resurrection from Scripture into Poetry" . . . Wednesday Night Bible Study Class:. The class will not meet on February 15, when Father Smith is away from the parish. The class will meet on February 22 at 6:30 PM.
HOSPITALITY MINISTRY. . . The response to our recent call for donations to support the parish's ministry of hospitality has been very gratifying. The Budget Committee and the Board of Trustees had predicted that we would need to raise around $4,000.00 in 2017 in order to supplement the funds allotted in the budget for hospitality. We have received several donations, including two larger gifts from members of the parish, about $3,200.00 in all, that are intended to reduce the predicted deficit in this area of the budget. These generous gifts have brought us closer to erasing our predicted deficit, and we are very grateful to all those who continue to support this important ministry. Our hospitality efforts include Sunday Coffee Hours and Evensong receptions, holy-day receptions, and special events such as Quiet Days, Oktoberfest, the Super Bowl Party, and birthday and anniversary celebrations. Since we welcome so many visitors to the parish, the hospitality ministry is crucial to what we do and who we are. If all our members and friends were to make a regular donation to this ministry, we would easily cover our shortfall each year. No donation is too small! If you make a donation by check, please include the words "Hospitality Ministry" in the memo line.
ORGAN RECITALS AT SAINT MARY'S . . . Friday, March 24, 5:30 PM, Richard Robertson, Church of the Holy Ghost, Denver, Colorado; Sunday, April 16, 4:30 PM, Timothy Pyper, Williamstown, Massachusetts; Thursday, May 25, 5:30 PM, David Hurd, organist and music director.
LOOKING AHEAD . . . March 1, Ash Wednesday . . . Sunday, March 12, Daylight Saving Time begins . . . Fridays in Lent, Stations of the Cross 6:30 PM (except on March 24) . . . Monday, March 20, Saint Joseph (transferred), Mass 12:10 PM and 6:20 PM . . . Friday, March 24, Eve of the Annunciation, Organ Recital 5:30 PM, Solemn Mass 6:00 PM . . . Saturday, March 25, The Annunciation, Noonday Prayer 12:00 PM and Mass 12:10 PM.
AWAY FROM THE PARISH . . . From the website of the Wall Street Journal, "Back in 1517, when it was founded, Oxford's Corpus Christi College was the hot new thing on campus. Unlike the university's other colleges, where the religious concerns of the medieval world usually reigned, the new college fancied itself a Renaissance institution-humanist and enlightened. Its library lay at the heart of that mission." The Corpus Christi library will be sending some of its treasures to the United States this spring, first to the Folger Library in Washington, DC, beginning on February 4, and then to the Yeshiva University Museum at the Center for Jewish History on Sixteenth Street here in New York, beginning on May 14. It looks like the exhibition will help trace the beginnings of modern critical Biblical scholarship in England, an important subject for all Anglicans. We will keep you posted.
Click here for this week's schedule.


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Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Chicago Steel at Buccaneer Arena
Next Week, Feb 11, 2023 (Saturday) Sports event in Urbandale, IA USA
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Chicago Steel February 11, 2023 at Buccaneer Arena in Urbandale, IA 6:00PM
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Waterloo Black Hawks
Presidents' Day Weekend, Feb 17, 2023 (Friday) Sports event in Urbandale, IA USA
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Waterloo Black Hawks February 17, 2023 at Buccaneer Arena in Urbandale, IA 7:00PM
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Sioux Falls Stampede
Presidents' Day Weekend, Feb 18, 2023 (Saturday) Sports event in Urbandale, IA USA
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Sioux Falls Stampede February 18, 2023 at Buccaneer Arena in Urbandale, IA 6:00PM
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Omaha Lancers at Buccaneer Arena
Next Month, Feb 24, 2023 (Friday) Sports event in Urbandale, IA USA
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Omaha Lancers February 24, 2023 at Buccaneer Arena in Urbandale, IA 7:00PM
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Fargo Force at Buccaneer Arena
Next Month, Feb 25, 2023 (Saturday) Sports event in Urbandale, IA USA
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Fargo Force February 25, 2023 at Buccaneer Arena in Urbandale, IA 6:00PM
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Dubuque Fighting Saints
Mar 03, 2023 (Friday) Sports event in Urbandale, IA USA
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Dubuque Fighting Saints March 03, 2023 at Buccaneer Arena in Urbandale, IA 7:00PM
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Lincoln Stars at Buccaneer Arena
St. Patrick's Day, Mar 17, 2023 (Friday) Sports event in Urbandale, IA USA
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Lincoln Stars March 17, 2023 at Buccaneer Arena in Urbandale, IA 7:00PM
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Cedar Rapids Roughriders
Mar 19, 2023 (Sunday) Sports event in Urbandale, IA USA
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Cedar Rapids Roughriders March 19, 2023 at Buccaneer Arena in Urbandale, IA 3:00PM
Apr 01, 2023 (Saturday) Sports event in Urbandale, IA USA
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Omaha Lancers April 01, 2023 at Buccaneer Arena in Urbandale, IA 6:00PM
Easter Weekend, Apr 07, 2023 (Friday) Sports event in Urbandale, IA USA
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Fargo Force April 07, 2023 at Buccaneer Arena in Urbandale, IA 7:00PM
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Sioux City Musketeers
Easter Weekend, Apr 08, 2023 (Saturday) Sports event in Urbandale, IA USA
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Sioux City Musketeers April 08, 2023 at Buccaneer Arena in Urbandale, IA 6:00PM
Des Moines Buccaneers vs. Cedar Rapids Roughriders April 22, 2023 at Buccaneer Arena in Urbandale, IA 6:00PM

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Mother Nature isn't always a baseball fan. After a "wintery mix" lead to the cancellation of Friday night's game, the Rattlers and Chiefs picked up Saturday afternoon where they left off on Opening Day.
The Chiefs struck first as Michael Schulze scored on an RBI triple from Carson Kelly. Any thoughts of celebration, however, were short lived.
The Rattlers would send up 8 batters in the 4th resulting in runs scored by Michael Ratterree, Taylor Brennan and Clint Coulter giving the Rattlers a 3-1 lead. The Chiefs would add another run in the 5th, only to again be shown up in the bottom of the inning by Ratterree, Brennan and Coulter who each scored their second runs of the game. Rattlers now lead 6-2.
"The whole middle of the lineup and (Jose) Pena, you know he's 2-3 with 2 RBIs, he had a big hit…there's 7 hits from the middle of the lineup today and we needed it because we didn't do much at the top where yesterday we set the table pretty good," Rattlers' skipper Matt Erickson said in his post game interview.
The Chiefs would fight back adding 2 more runs in the 8th, but it wouldn't be enough as the Rattlers would add a run of their own in the bottom of the inning to bring the final score to 8-4 and evening the 4 games series at 1-1. Rattlers' starter Barrett Astin (1-0) would pick up his first win of the season with his tandem partner, Tristan Archer picking up the save.
The series wraps up tomorrow with a double-header set to begin at 1:05 pm. Former Brewer (and current Hall of Famer) Rollie Fingers will be on hand to throw out the ceremonial 1st pitch.
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This is the only video that matters in 2016.
George Clooney's fake "Decision Strike" looks better than 90% of actual movies.
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"Tomorrowland" stars George Clooney and Britt Robertson are Disney royalty now.
Spaceships, murder robots and flying bathtubs galore feature in the new "Tomorrowland" trailer. Plus, see a sneak peek of the movie in IMAX.
Get your biggest look at "Tomorrowland" yet in this brand new trailer.
Anna Kendrick first walked the Oscars red carpet in 2010 for "Up In The Air." Here's what that was like.
The Super Bowl trailer for "Tomorrowland" has hit online, and now we're dying to see more. Watch it here!
Get ready to cry: here's every feel from the 2015 Golden Globes in one video.
George Clooney proved he's the dreamiest husband ever with his emotional Golden Globes speech to Amal Alamuddin.
Celebs showed inspiring solidarity for the victims of the Charlie Hebdo shooting on the red carpet of the 2015 Golden Globes.
Clooney denounces the choice to capitulate to terrorist demands and shelve "The Interview."
Anna Kendrick tells us why her "Into the Woods" costar Meryl Streep is cooler than George Clooney.
George Clooney makes a surprise cameo in this "Downton Abbey"-themed teaser.
5 Seconds of Summer tease 'Good Girls' music video, Super Bowl Halftime performer is revealed and everything that you #NeedToKnow.


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NEWS Limited's rugby league general manager Dennis Watt, standing amid the celebrations in the Melbourne Storm grand final dressing rooms, called it "one of the greatest turnarounds and comebacks in the history of Australian sport".
Around him, Melbourne Storm players are posing for photos, sipping beer, doing interviews and spending time with loved ones. Three years previously, the scene had been the same. Like last Sunday, the players had taken the trophy out to the centre of the field, formed a circle, sung the club song.
But we all know what happened after that.
In many ways, the Storm's 14-4 grand final triumph last Sunday did more than prove they in all likelihood would have won the 2009 titles without cheating. Because overcoming the stripping of two premierships to win again three years later is a bigger achievement, logically, than winning those titles in the first place.
It's a hurdle to be overcome that wasn't there before.
"We were all down about what happened a few years ago. It was a tough period, don't get me wrong," says captain Cameron Smith.
"It was an extremely tough period, to get through that. But I think you've got to look at the way we went about our business in 2011 and 2012 and you can see we didn't look back. We were looking forwards.
This year featured the well-documented late-season slump – five losses in a row and six from seven. Elsewhere in this magazine, you'll read how Cooper Cronk snapped coach Craig Bellamy out of a serious bout of self-doubt as the losses piled up.
Asked if he believed his team could win another grand final again so quickly, Bellamy said: ""I believe it now" While others can afford to have a broad-brush perspective on how far the Storm have come, the coach never allowed himself the luxury.
"They're the ones who have believed in the club and they're the ones who have worked just so hard to get us back to where we are now.
The coach has never been one to use the phrase "Big Three". He calls Billy Slater, Cooper Cronk and Smith "key position players".
But as he sifted through the match-winning plays on grand final day, Bellamy mused: "That's what those players do. They keep coming up with the big plays.
What greatest comeback in history in Aussie sport? What a joke? They still have the same "Big 3" now like they did when they cheated the cap in 2009 and you could say with Widdup they have the "Big 4". No other team in the NRL has or had that luxury in those key positions. Stop kidding yourselves Melbourne Storm; lose 2 or 3 of your "Big 4" and be on a level playing field with the rest of the comp and see what you win then.


Spiritual insight and practice add power to the recovering life. This workshop discusses the difference between spirituality and religion, introducing spiritual concepts into personal growth and living skills, and bridging the "spirituality gap" for people damaged by negative past experiences with religion. Provides a group session outline curriculum suitable for integrating a spirituality module into Matrix-model treatment.
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Colletotrichum acutatum is a plant pathogen and endophyte. It is the organism that causes the most destructive fungal disease, anthracnose, of lupin species worldwide.
It also causes the disease postbloom fruit drop on many varieties of citrus, especially Valencia and navel oranges in Florida.

Host and symptoms
Colletotrichum acutatum has a broad host range, but is most important in strawberries. C.  acutatum on strawberries. The pathogen causes black spot of fruit, but can also be seen attacking the plant at its crowns, roots and leaves. After planting, stunting and yellowing as well as wilting may occur. General symptoms of the disease in other plants can also be seen on flowers, petioles, and roots.  Stems are also a prominent place to see symptoms. Lesions on the stem can appear dark colored, oval shaped, and possibly have immersed spots located on petioles and runners.  Once C.acutatum infects these parts of the plant, it can cause other diseases to unfold such as crown root rot, defoliation, bloom blight and fruit rot. Unfortunately, the most significant loss can be seen once the fruit is attacked. If the fruit is infected it will develop small brown spots (green fruit) or black spots (red fruit) and can expand throughout the fruits' surface.

Environment
This pathogen has a wide geographical distribution. Strains of the pathogen are present throughout various climates worldwide. Temperature can affect how symptoms appear on the host. Optimal temperature for growth of C. acutatum is 25 degrees Celsius. For instance, in weather with high humidity, orange colored spores appear on the hosts' lesions. Specifically in strawberries, this disease appears to be more harmful in warm climates. Transference of disease occurs when conidia are spread by water, specifically rain or irrigation water. Another way of contamination is from infected equipment or wind.

Taxonomic history
Historically fungi that were pathogenic on different plants were often given different names, even though they often had near identical morphology. In 1957 Josef Adolf von Arx synonymized about 600 fungal species names as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.  In 1965 C. gloeosporioides strains that had acute conidia and slower growth were renamed as Colletotrichum acutatum. With the invention of easy and affordable DNA sequencing technologies, species identification switched from being based on morphology to being based on a combination of morphology and molecular phylogenetics. In 2012 the C. acutatum species was split up into more than two dozen new species, and is now referred to as the C. acutatum species complex. The C. acutatum species complex still includes a species called C. acutatum, but it is now defined more narrowly than it had been from 1965 to 2012.

Management

Cultural control
Sanitation is critical in controlling the disease. Thoroughly washing plants by removing all the dirt could reduce occurrence. This method has also been demonstrated to reduce pests such has anthracnose. Proper sanitation of equipment could reduce exposure of contracting the pathogen. This would be equipment used in transportation, packing, storage, etc. Crop rotation, as well as the removal of weeds is also helpful in reducing the pathogen in the soil. Removing weeds from the field is a critical step; the pathogen on the dead weeds could still produce spores.

Chemical control
A common method of control for this disease is the use of fungicides. Fungicides are soil fumigants that are used to decrease amount of inoculum in the soil. Chloropicin, a fungicide, has seen good results with regular application. Unfortunately, relying on just one fungicide heavily can increase the diseases' tolerance. Moreover, the timing of the application is very crucial. With poorly timed applications, there could be an increase of disease severity due to the disturbance of natural biocontrol mechanisms and increased crop susceptibility. Pest control is also crucial in the containment of the disease. After rainfall or irrigation, anthracnose symptoms may occur. Using foliar fungicide can help prevent spread of the disease and minimize anthracnose.

References

External links

acutatum
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Fungal citrus diseases
Fungi described in 1965

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Этимологи́ческий слова́рь — лингвистический словарь, содержащий информацию об истории отдельных слов, а иногда и морфем, то есть информацию о фонетических и семантических изменениях, которые они претерпели. Крупные толковые словари также могут содержать заметки об этимологии слов.

Так как происхождение многих слов не поддаётся точному однозначному определению, то этимологические словари фиксируют различные точки зрения и содержат ссылки на соответствующую литературу.

Некоторые этимологические словари включают информацию о группах языков и содержат реконструкцию словарного запаса праязыка и его контактов с другими реконструируемыми праязыками.

История
Традиция составления этимологий отдельных слов берёт начало в древности. Например, на древнем востоке это «Нирукта» () Яски (ок. VI—V века до н. э.) для санскрита; старейший этимологический словарь древнекитайского языка «» (, «Изъяснение письмен и толкование иероглифов»; 100 год н. э.), составленный Сюй Шэнем, а также важнейший этимологический словарь древнекитайского языка «» (, , «Объяснение имён»; нач. III века н. э.) авторства или филолога  (, ) по прозвищу Чэнго (), или историка  (); направление традиционной грамматики арабского языка «аль-иштикак» (), в частности двухтомная монография по тюркским языкам, объясняемым через арабский — «Собрание тюркских наречий» (1074 год) Махмуда аль-Кашгари.

В западной традиции такие зачатки этимологических изысканий в греческом языке приходятся на IV век до н. э. (диалог Платона «Кратил»), затем найдя своё продолжение в учении стоиков. Среди греческих лексикографов поздней античности можно выделить неоплатоника  (ум. ок. 450) — автора лексикона «Orionis Thebani Etymologicon » () (V век), частично сохранившегося в рукописи XII или начала XIII века, послужившего основой для средневековых компиляций. Однако большие этимологии греческого составленные в алфавитном порядке появляются не ранее лексикографических трудов Константинопольского патриарха Фотия I (ок. 820—896), послуживших основой для таких сводов греческих этимологий, как «» (2-я пол. IX века, Константинополь), «Etymologicum Parvum» (IX век), «Etymologicum Gudianum» (; XI век), «Etymologicum Symeonis» (; 1-я пол. XII века), «» (; ок. 1150 года, Константинополь).

Этимология в армянской лингвистике развивалась с раннего средневековья. Среди армянских учёных занимавшихся этим вопросом были Давид Грамматик (V—VI века), Степанос Сюнеци (VIII век), Григор Магистрос (XI век) и др.

Для латинского языка первые изыскания выпадают на I век до новой эры: Варрон, придерживавшийся учения грамматистов, в методологической части своего труда «De lingua Latina» (I века до н. э.) отмечает, что этимология — это часть грамматики, которая изучает «почему и откуда явились слова» (De lingua Latina V, 2); наследие античных исследователей латинской грамматики нашло своё отражение в энциклопедическом труде «Etymologiarvm sive Originvm» (VII век) Исидора, архиепископа Севильи в вестготской Испании.

Однако этимологические словари в современном смысле появились лишь в конце XVIII века. Их предшественниками в XVI—XVII веках были: выдержавший одиннадцать переизданий «Этимологикум нидерландского языка » ()  (Антверпен, 1599), «Этимологикон латинского языка » () Воссиуса (Амстердам, 1662 год), «Этимологикон английского языка» ()  (Лондон, 1671 год).

После установления в XIX веке законов регулярных звуковых и языковых изменений составление этимологических словарей стало одной из важных задач специалистов, работающих в области сравнительно-исторического языкознания.

В Западной Европе первым среди научных в современном понимании словарей был издан «Этимологический словарь романских языков» (; 1853) Фр. К. Дица, позднее славист Ф. Миклошич издал «Этимологический словарь славянских языков» (, 1886).

В России первые попытки приходятся на XIX век: свои этимологические разыскания попытались собрать воедино исследователи К. Ф. Рейф, Ф. С. Шимкевич, М. М. Изюмов, Н. В. Горяев, А. Н. Чудинов. Осталась в рукописи работа А. Х. Востокова «Этимологическое словорасписаніе» (1808—1809; выдержки опубликованы И. И. Срезневским и С. К. Буличем) — с громадным количеством слов, по подсчетам И. И. Срезневского, приблизительно на 40 листов мелкого набора. В начале XX века появился «Этимологический словарь русского языка»  (1910—1916, 1949).

Наиболее авторитетным этимологическим словарём русского языка до недавнего времени считался «Этимологический словарь русского языка» М. Фасмера (1953—1958). В 1993 году стал доступен массовому читателю и специалистам-языковедам «Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка» П. Я. Черных.

Этимологические словари как источник данных для статистических исследований
В квантитативной лингвистике выдвинуто предположение, что процессы роста в языке, следующие так называемому закону Пиотровского, соответствуют моделям роста в других научных дисциплинах. Систематическая оценка этимологических словарей, подсчёт количества вновь создаваемых слов, а также количества слов, заимствованных из других языков, дают возможность для проверки этой гипотезы. Такие исследования были проведены с успехом в различных этимологических словарях немецкого языка, особенно для заимствований.

Примечания

Ссылки

 Проект:Лингвистика/Списки/Этимологические словари
 Этимология и история слов русского языка
 Слово об этимологических словарях. Интервью с А. Аникиным . // «Наука в Сибири». — № 10 (2446). — 12 марта 2004 г. — С. 4
 Александр Грузберг, Этимологические словари . // «Филолог». Научно-методический, культурно-просветительский журнал ФГБОУ ВПО «Пермский государственный гуманитарно-педагогический университет». — Вып. № 23. — 2013. —
 Подборка ссылок на этимологические словари XIX—XX веков

Этимологические словари


text:
Те́стовская у́лица — улица в центре Москвы в Пресненском районе между 1-м Красногвардейским проездом и Пресненской набережной. Проходит вдоль делового центра Москва-сити. Здесь расположены станция метро «Международная» и станция МЦК «Деловой центр».

Происхождение названия
Названа в 2007 году по исторической местности Тестово (позже посёлок Тестовский), где во второй половине XIX века владелец трактира И. Я. Тестов поселил цыганский хор. Рядом также расположена железнодорожная платформа Тестовская Белорусского направления МЖД. Ранее в 1955—2007 годах называлась 4-й Красногвардейский проезд по расположению поблизости от Красногвардейских улиц.

Описание
Тестовская улица начинается от развилки 1-го Красногвардейского проезда и эстакады Третьего транспортного кольца, проходит на юг вдоль ТТК и западного края делового центра Москва-сити, постепенно поворачивая на восток, и переходит около берега Москвы-реки в Пресненскую набережную.

На Тестовской улице расположен ботанический сад Первого МГМУ имени И. М. Сеченова.

См. также
 Платформа «Тестовская»
 Москва-сити

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт управы Пресненского района
 Общемосковский классификатор улиц Москвы ОМК УМ

 Схема улицы.

Москва-Сити


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text:
Pitru Loka and Pitru Upasana
The word 'पितृ' is a Sanskrit word which basically means ancestors of one's lineage. In western civilization especially in Roman mythology, the word Pitru is translated as 'Manes' which basically interprets as the soul of the deceased ancestors who are considered to be the beneficial souls to the lineage.
Pitru holds much esteemed position in oriental civilization and in Kaula Siddha dharma too. It is believed that the Pitru never dies but only change their bodies. Their existence never ceases to exist. They are believed to be situated in the "Pitru Loka". Every year a special ceremony called "Pitru Paksha" is celebrated to respect and offer food to the Pitru's as in the form of gratitude and in return, the Pitru empowers the person who offers.
Rationale of Pitru
1 Rationale of Pitru
2 Pitru loka and classification
2.1 Satwa Pitru Loka
2.2 Rajas Pitru Loka
2.3 Tamas Pitru Loka
2.4 Pitru upashana
3 Matru Pujan and resemblance with Pritu Pujan
4 Pitru paksha
5 Shraddh
6 Classification of Shraddh
6.1 Untimely death shraddh
6.2 Missing person shraddh
6.3 Non-relative shraddh
6.4 Implied relationship shraddh
6.5 For strangers shraddh
7 Pitru tarpan and rites
8 Kaula Siddha Pitru Pujan
9 Pitru and the law of inheritance (Paitrik sampatti)
10 Reference
The Kaula Siddha lineage believes that nothing in the universe is ever created or destroyed. Only form changes but the existence and essence remains the same. A seed becomes a tree and the tree becomes a seed. A seed and a tree is different in terms of shape, form and size but the very essence that is the existence of that particular plant never ceases to exist. It exists both inside the tree and also inside the seeds. This concept of Kaula Siddha lineage is also explained by Geeta in following shlokas.
As Lord Krishna in Bhagawat Geeta says,
'नैनं छिन्दन्ति शस्त्राणि नैनं दहति पावकः
न चैनं क्लेदयन्त्यापो न शोषयति मारुतः"—- Geeta 2:23
"The soul cannot be slain by sword, nor can it be burnt down by fire, nor can it be decomposed by water and nor can it be dried by wind."
Based on Geeta we can infer that the soul never dries. The things like fire, sword, water and wind can only impact the material form. These can only impact the five basic elements but not the essence of all these. Therefore, we can very much say that the Pitru doesn't die but only changes their body. Their body is not as like that of human body. They have their own body.
The human body is basically made up of five basic elements i.e earth, air, fire, water and ether. The body of the Pitru is made up of three basic elements i.e air, fire and water. Since the elements like earth and water is absent from their body so the body of the Pitru is not materially tangible. Their body has the absence of matter and compactness. They have the body of the light as portrayed in movies.
After their death in this world, they either find another body or they remain stuck as a soul for various karmic deeds. The ancestor or manes who have not taken rebirth and is stuck due to some karmic deeds are basically known as Pitru.
Pitru loka and classification
The Kaula Siddha lineage believes that the Pitru do not die. They only change their body. After their death, they usually find a new body to be born within the 12th day of the death based on their karma. But in some instances, the Pitru for various reason and also based on their karmic deeds are unable to find another body. They remain stuck in the form of Pitru. The Pitrus have their own heavenly place to reside and it is called as Pitru Loka.
The Kaula Siddha lineage believes that this universe has 14 lokas i.e the 7 lokas above the earth and the 7 lokas below the earth. The Pitru loka is the loka just above the earth. It is also known as realm between heaven and earth. It is the place where the Pitrus go after the death.
As per Kaula Siddha lineage, the Pitru loka is considered as transit point between many lokas. Normally, when any person dies, the person immediately goes to Pitru loka and then based on their modes of nature they either make their journey to the higher lokas or reincarnate in this earth.
In popular culture, it is believed that the Pitru loka is ruled by Lord Yama but as per Kaula Siddha lineage, the Pitru loka is ruled and governed by the god name Aryaman. He is also believed one of the 12 Adityas. His connection with Pitru can be also verified from Bhagawad Geeta. Lord Krishna in Geeta says:
अनन्तश्र्चास्मि नागानां वरुणो यादसामहम्
पितृणामर्यमा चास्मि यमः संयमतामहम् || —- Geeta 10:29
"Amongst the snakes I am Anant; amongst aquatics I am Varun. Amongst the departed ancestors I am Aryama; amongst dispensers of law I am Yamraj, the lord of death."
Lord Krishna says to Arjuna that amongst the Pitru, he is Aryaman. Aryaman therefore is the best among Pitru and the ruler among them as he is also one of the 12 Adityas who themselves are kings. So, Aryaman is the deity who rules the Pitru loka and not Yama.
Pitru loka doesn't necessarily imply that only good souls or Pitru reside there. Both beneficial Pitru and maleficent Pitru reside in Pitru loka. Since, both souls stay there therefore the Pitru loka is basically classified into three sub divisons based on its modes of nature. They are as follows:
Satwa Pitru Loka
As per Kaula Siddha Dharma, the Satwa Pitru loka is where satwik Pitru resides. A person who is satwik in nature when becomes deceased goes to satwa Pitru loka because it is the loka closed to his or her nature. The environment there is also satwik and is closely related to heaven or resembles that of heaven.
Rajas Pitru Loka
As per Kaula Siddha Dharma, the rajas Pitru loka is where rajas Pitru reside. Mostly the rajas Pitru loka is inhibited by great souls and great kings. It is also resided by great rajasic person after their death. It is more of a luxurious place, full of life.
Tamas Pitru Loka
As per Kaula Siddha Dharma, the Tamas Pitru Loka is where the tamasic Pitru resides. The tamasic Pitru is believed to be the maleficent Pitru and is responsible for creating havoc in the life of its descendents. This loka closely resembles to hell. The Pitrus who have turned into a ghost resides in this loka. Those Pitrus find it very difficult to achieve another body because of their ill karmic deeds.
So, in a nutshell we can say that not all Pitrus are dangerous as portrayed by the society. The nature of Pitru is based on their own nature while they were in this planet. We have both good Pitrus and bad Pitrus.
Pitru upashana
The Pitru upasana means the worship module of Pitru so that once become near to Pitru. The word upashana means (upa+asana) means near and seat. It means to be situated near to the object of worship. The Kaula Siddha Dharma lays much emphasis on Pitru upasana because of many constraints. Following are the reasons.
Just like the law of energy which states, "Energy can never be created nor be destroyed but only form changes", similarly the Kaula Siddha lineage believes that nothing in this universe is ever destroyed. The only thing altered is the form of matter and five basic elements. The existence or the essence of the
Existence will never cease to exist.
The Bhagawad Geeta 2:12 says:
न त्वेवाहं जातु नासं न त्वं नेमे जनाधिपाः।
न चैव न भविष्यामः सर्वे वयमतः परम् ॥२- १२॥
"Never was there a time when I did not exist, nor you, nor all these kings; nor in the future shall any of us cease to be."- – Geeta 2:12
Even the sacred book of the Hindus, state that nothing in this universe is ever destroyed. Everything always existed, exists now and will never cease to exist in future. Therefore, Pitrus do not die because their existence will never perish or die. They shall never cease to exist and will exist in some corner of this universe.
Since, they exist in Pitru loka therefore their existence cannot be undermined because they are connected with us in one or other ways. We are nothing but their extensions in this world. We are bounded to them in terms of obligations and duties. We carry some certain responsibility towards them. When one doesn't perform the duties, then he/she incurs karma out of the breach of duty. The karma is not decided by Pitru but by the nature itself. Nature is pre-god. It is god before god. It is the nature or prakriti that decides the effect of one's karma so the sanction is inevitable. This very possibility of sanction is commonly known to the society as "Pitru Dosha"
As per Kaula Siddha lineage, there is no such thing as "Pitru Dosha" incurred by Pitru. It is a kind of karmic effect produced by an individual in the breach of one's own duty. When one does not perform their duty, the nature sanctions them with a maleficent effect called "Pitru Dosha".
So every year 16 days are separated for the worship of Pitru so as to fulfill one's obligation towards the Pitru. Those 16 days are exclusively dedicated for Pitru.
Matru Pujan and resemblance with Pritu Pujan
The word Matru (मातृ) translates as Mother. Matru is a parallel term of Pitru. Pitru often denotes the male aspect and Matru the female aspect. Just like Pitrus have their existence so does Matrus. Both have equal impact on their lineages. The only reason the Pitru is little popular is that the Pitru is more metaphysical then Matru.
As per Kaula Siddha Dharma, Matru and Pitru are the exact form of Shiv and Shakti. Just like Shiv and Shakti are one and the same but their nature varies, similar is with the Pitru. Pitru is like the Shiva and Matru is their Shakti. Kaula Siddha Dharma originally being a Shiva-Shakta peeth which follows both Shaiv and Shakta tradition so it approaches Shiva-Shakti as "Ardhanarishwara" i.e half male and half female. It is for the reason; Kaula Siddha Dharma approaches every sadhana procedure through mixed system of both Shaiva and Shakta tradition. Matru and Pitru's are no different.
The Kaula Siddha Dharma approaches Pitru pujan through 'mixed system' or mischrachar. So, the Pitru pujan is taken to be incomplete if the Matru shaktis is omitted and not worshipped with Pitru. Just like in Mahavidya, the worship of any Mahavidya is incomplete without Avaran puja and its corresponding Shiva puja, the Pitru pujan is therefore incomplete without Matru Pujan.
As discussed in the above sections, "Aryaman" is considered to be the king of Pitru loka. He is also the best among Pitrus. His shakti is the "Aryamai Goddess" (अर्यमै देवी). In the tantric tradition, the Shaiva worships Aryaman as the chief of Pitru, while as the Shakta worships his consort and Shakti Aryamai as the chief of the Pitru. Both leads to the same result i.e satisfaction of the Pitru. But the Kaula Siddha Dharma, being the amalgamation of both Shaiva and Shakta tradition, worships Aryaman and Aryamai jointly with the concept of 'Ardhanarishwara'.
The Kaula Siddha Dharma worships every deity with the help of yantra. So the Pitru Pujan is performed with the help of a joint yantra that encompasses both Aryaman and Aryamai. It can simple be understood that the Pitru yantra is the amalgamation of two yantras i.e Aryaman yantra and Aryamai yantra. So, a person who worships Pitru through the mixed module releases oneself from the negative impacts of both Matru and Pitru Dosha. Therefore, as per Siddha Dharma the best way to worship and satisfy the Pitru is through the mixed module worship of both Aryaman and his consort Aryamai.
As per Kaula Siddha Dharma, every year, 16 special days just before the "Ashwin Navaratri", the 16 days that starts from the full moon to the no moon is considered to be Pitru paksha. The Pitru paksha is such period of the year where all the auspicious works are left aside so that the only work related to Pitru is carried out.
As per Kaula Siddha lineage, the Pitru paksha are the days where most paranormal activities take place. It is because of the influx and hyper activities of the Pitrus. Since not all Pitrus are satwik in nature and since these 16 days are the point of the year when the Pitrus are most powerful, the tamas Pitru causes or to be caused lot of havocs. Therefore, Pitru upasana is the most logical thing to do at this time of the year.
Just after the conclusion of the Pitru paksha, Navaratri starts and this period is where the reigns of Shakti starts. It is at this period, the powers of Pitru are subdued and weakened and then after shakti upasana is carried out.
Shraddh
The word Shraddh (श्राद्ध) is derived from the word "श्रद्धा" which literally translates to faith, belief etc. The main ingredients of any faith are ones own willingness to believe in it and also to be bound by it.
As per Kaula Siddha Dharma, the entire universe operates with the law of mutual obligations or duty. Just like a soil has the duty towards the plant to accept it as it because the nature has designed it that way, therefore a soil doesn't differentiate between a Cactus tree and a Bermuda grass. It is the survival of the fittest among the plants which explains why there are certain types of grass in one area while as the others in other area.
As far as Humans are considered, the Prakriti has designed humans in such a way that the human are the best among the creations and humans are endowed with intelligence for differentiating between right and wrong. Humans can use this intelligence to either stay in this creation or strive for liberation from this sansara. So, humans have been given intelligence but nevertheless humans are also designed in such a way that we have deontological responsibilities towards everything in this universe. Therefore, we are bounded to Pitru in terms of duties towards them. So, when an individual doesn't perform the duties as designed by the Prakriti itself, then there is a breach of duty and one incurs karma. Karma is not a sanction but a web of one's own action.
The spider spews lots of webs but one day it gets caught and trapped in its own web and ultimately dies. Humans are like the spiders, the karmas are the webs that human spew and ultimately in the webs of those karmas, human being ultimately has to suffer. Human being although being the most intelligent and developed species meets the fate of a spider when it comes to karma.
Therefore, Shraddh is wholly based on faith. The whole act of Shraddh is performed with the love of performing one's own duty perfectly and also acknowledging our past, present and future relationship with the Pitrus. Shraddh is human's fundamental spiritual duty which one has to obey to rid oneself of the karma. Therefore, Kaula Siddha Dharma thinks the Pitru worship is mandatory for one's own spiritual upliftment.
Classification of Shraddh
As per Kaula Siddha Dharma, there are five classifications of Shraddh. Shraddha can also be carried out for other person. It can also be carried out for relatives as well as non-relatives. The main ingredient of any shraddh is faith and belief so a person can also consider strangers as Pitru and perform the rituals accordingly.
Following are five types of shraddh besides relative's shraddh which has classified as per Kaula Siddha Dharma. These five classified shraddh are the major shraddh that is possible for any individual to perform.
Untimely death shraddh
The above shraddh is performed for those individuals who died untimely death in accidents like motor accident, road accident, falling from the trees, hills etc and under unforeseen circumstances like natural disasters. It also includes individuals who died in medical negligence and unintentional drug overdose.
Missing person shraddh
This shraddh is performed for those persons who have gone missing and whose death has not been confirmed for many years. It includes those type of persons who went out of their house in the morning but failed to return home and whose present whereabouts are not known to anyone plus they have not returned for a long period of time. This is a very special type of circumstance and there is also a special shraddh procedure for it which should be learned from a guru.
Non-relative shraddh
This shraddh is performed for people who are outside your blood relationship. This shraddh is basically based on 'bhava'(भाव) of any individuals. Since relationship is also based on bhava or feelings and therefore it is called "भावनात्मक संबन्ध" meaning the relationship based on feelings.
This shraddh can be performed for people whom one has feelings for like their friends, their contacts etc. It can also be performed for someone who one likes. For instance, it can also be performed for one's friends and also for one's neighbors. It is mostly performed out of deep respect and sense of duty towards the deceased.
Implied relationship shraddh
For those who are deceased and a person incurs implied relationship with them, the person can also partake the shraddh rituals of deceased. For instance, if A does not have any relationship with B, but A inherits the property of B then A can also perform the shraddh rituals based on the implied relationship between them. Normally, the properties of the deceased are specially given to them who carries out the shraddh because the property is used for fulfilling the shraddh expenses.
For strangers shraddh
Shraddh for strangers can also be performed. There are some circumstances when the whereabouts of the deceased person is unknown then if a person is willing to perform the shraddh for the unknown deceased person, he is free to do so. For instance, let us suppose a person is found dead in the middle of a jungle. A woodcutter discovers the body and informs the police. The police then search their database and they do not find the deceased identity. Now if the last rites are performed by the woodcutter then the woodcutter can also be eligible to perform the shraddh for the unidentified body. This type of shraddh is also validated by Kaula Siddha Dharma.
Pitru tarpan and rites
As per Kaula Siddha lineage, the best mode of Pitru upasana is Pitru tarpana. The Pitru tarpana is the most easy, convenient method for satisfying the Pitrus. Tarpana means "tript" i.e. to satisfy. The Pitru are most satisfied by our relentless faith to them and acknowledgement of them. Since, they have ethereal body and they do not have to be dependent upon foods for their anamaya kosha, a simple act of benevolence will do the wonders.
Tarpana is done through water. Just like the water satisfies the thirst inside similarly the feelings and faith of any person is dissolved into the water and then the water reaches to the Pitru and they become satisfied. The water is basically mixed with black sesame seeds, milk and is steered. The water is then taken into the enclosed area of the palm and then the water is slowly poured in the opposite direction of the hand such that the water passes through the thumb and pours down and with it, "ओम सर्व पितृभ्यो नम:" is chanted.
The above mantra is the most simplified and condensed mantra of the Pitrus. Just like "ओम सं सिद्धाय नम:" is the mantra for all the siddhas of this world similarly the above Pitru mantra encompasses all the Pitrus.
The other method of Pitru rites is by offering a pind to the ancestors. Pind are rice cakes with sesame seeds mixed with it. The rice makes are part of the rites where the pind is offered to the ancestors and then it is then offered to the Pitru. Just like the water, the pind is not directly edible to the Pitru. The Pitru doesn't accept the pind offered but accepts our gratitude offered through the medium of the pind. It is the sense of adhering to the ones own duty the Pitru rejoices upon.
Kaula Siddha Pitru Pujan
The Kaula Siddha Dharma is basically a tantric dharma. Although Siddha dharma doesn't practice the Brahmans method of Pind offering but it still respects the tradition. We do not have problem with any pind being offered to the ancestors but Kaula Siddha Dharma prescribes tantric means and methods for Pitru worship. The Pitru pujan through Kaula Siddha lineage is done by three ways. One is the pure tantric way which uses yantra, mantra and other additives. The second is the pure Yoga or samayachara where pure dharana or visualization is used. Thirdly the most prevalent method is the mishrachara which means mixed system. The Pitru is worshipped through Yoga marga but with the help of tantra i.e. utilizing yantra for visualization
As already stated above, Lord Krishna has mentioned in Geeta that he is Aryaman among ancestors. Therefore, Aryaman is the best among ancestors or Aryaman is the ruler of Pitru loka. Since, he is also one of the 12 Aditya, he is also portrayed as a great king of Pitru loka. So, one willing to access the Pitru loka needs his permission. It is for the reason; Kaula Siddha lineage does Pitru upasana through Aryama yantra.
The Aryama yantra is also known as the Pitru yantra. It is through the yantra one would be able to access the Pitru loka and the Pitru residing there. But the yantra is very secretive. It is not accessible. It is unlocked and one should always take the diksha and then receive the yantra through qualified guru. Only after the Pitru diksha, the person can be free to practice it.
This diksha empowerment is going to be conducted by His Holiness Mahayogi Satyendra Nath Ji Maharaj (Ishaputra). He is the crown of Siddha Dharma and through him the Siddha Dharma has taken its root. Through the blessings of gurumandala, Kaula Siddha Dharma has reached the present state that we are all familiar with.
Pitru and the law of inheritance (Paitrik sampatti)
In Eastern Jurisprudence, especially when it comes to property law or the question of inheritance, the law is governed through the law of Pitru. Since, religion, culture is also the major sources of law. Our whole inheritance and property law is based on Pitru.
As per Manusmriti 9:187 which states "Always to that (relative within three degrees) who is nearest to the (deceased) Sapinda the estate shall belong; afterwards a Sakulya shall be (the heir, then) the spiritual teacher or the pupil."
So based on Manusmriti, it clearly states that the estates shall go to the relative within the three degrees nearest to the deceased. It means the primary right goes to the relative nearest to the deceased within three degrees. It is because the nearest person is the person who offers the rice cake pind to the Pitru. The property thus inherited supports the person offering the pind financially and. It simply also means that one who incurs the duty of the Pitru is entitled to the inheritance of the Pitru.
Author: kaulantakpeeth on September 16, 2018
Categories: Devi Devta, English
Siddha Vastu «» Kaulantak Nath
An Image of Siddha Pitru Loka Nath Aaryama Devta
Painting - Siddha Tradition, Art By - Bhairav Manjunath, Maa Priya S. Nath & Ishaputra
Pitru Lok
Arayamayee Devi
Rakta Tiriyaka Brahmanda
Aaryama Devta
Book / Granth
Siddha Pitru Upasana Sar
|| Om Kshoum Hreem Saha Sarva Pitruvyo Namha ||
|| ॐ क्षौं ह्रीं सः सर्वपितृभ्यो नमः ||
Pitru Loka Swamini Aaryamayi Devi
An Image of Siddha Pitru Loka Swamini Aaryamayi Devi
Devi, Goddess


In a report into baa's charging regime, the commission proposed tough action against the airport operator if its standards of service did not improve. The regime for penalising BAA for poor performance based on service quality rebates paid to the airlines must be 'extended and strengthened', it said.
At the same time, the commission allowed BAA to levy higher charges on airlines to fund £3.5bn of planned capital expenditure. It proposes that passenger charges should be capped at £10.96 at Heathrow, up from £9.26, and £5.48 at Gatwick, up from £4.91. The regulators' proposal implies a reduction in operating cashflows of about £150m a year.
This has blown a hole in plans by Ferrovial, BAA's new owner, to refinance £9.3bn of the airport operator's debts. The consortium controlled by the Spanish construction groupl, which paid £16.3bn, including debts, for BAA in June 2006 in a highly leveraged bid, was forced to tell the market that its refinancing programme was in trouble.
Stephen Nelson, the chief executive of BAA, said: 'We see little in the Competition Commission's report which delivers the incentives to transform the airports.


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I Am A Mainframer – Alex Kim
By Open Mainframe ProjectMarch 27, 2019April 5th, 2021Blog, I Am A Mainframer
In the latest episode of the "I Am A Mainframer" podcast, Steven chats with Alex Kim from Vicom. Alex tells Steven about his journey to the mainframe, how The Open Mainframe Project's Zowe framework is contributing to Vicom's innovative VIVA project, and where he thinks the mainframe is heading in the next few years.
https://www.openmainframeproject.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2019/03/I-Am-A-Mainframer-Alex-Kim.m4a
Steven Dickens: Hello, my name is Steven Dickens and you're here for the I Am A Mainframer podcast, brought to you by the Linux Foundation's collaborative project The Open Mainframe Project. I'm really glad today to have one of my good friends out there in the community. Joining us is Alex Kim who's really a rock star out there in the community really on the cutting edge doing some cool things. So Alex, welcome to the podcast.
Alex Kim: Thank you Steve, for the introduction. I'm honored
Steven: The honor's all mine. It's really good that we finally get you on to the podcast. It's been too long. So Alex, just get us orientated. Tell us a little bit about yourself. Give us an introduction. Let the listeners connect to who you are and really give us a perspective and get us started here, if you don't mind.
Alex: Hello everybody, my name is Alex Kim. I am a mainframe engineer and an architect. I started working as a chip designer in mainframe in IBM Poughkeepsie in 2001. I was in a team where we developed crypto express cards and I was a designer for the AES at the time. It was a new encryption algorithm standard. I moved to different development projects and then also moved to a sales organization as a pre-sale technical specialist covering the financial sector in Wall Street.
I've been with IBM premier vision partner Viacom Infinity for about five years now working with various clients. There are nice teams in here and we're still at IBM and working with IBM teams like Steve and working on a lot of fun projects.
Steven: You've been too humble there my friend. There's some really good stuff that I know you're doing and we'll come back to that later on in the podcast. But that's a very humble overview of your skills. I see you as one of the guys on the cutting edge there in the community, working on some interesting stuff. So, I think it's gonna be good. If I can get you to be a little bit less humble and tell us a little bit more about what you're doing out there and some of the cool projects.
One for me would be the crypto stuff. That's the cutting edge and are typically the best and the brightest. So, maybe just give us a little bit about how you got started. Where you were working first on that some of that crypto technology. I know that's getting a lot of press right now. And depending some of the cool stuff like Blockchain on the platform. So really keen to if I can get you to give a little bit of your perspective and how you got started on the platform.
Alex: Sure. So I was a graduate student at Polytech University in Brooklyn, which is now part of NYU. My advisor and professor in my research plan, I was part of the chip design lab. It was around 1999 and 2000. I think at the time the encryption standard was Triple DES, which is known as the Data Encryption Standard was fading out because computing power was at a point where you can break the code or in a day or so. So, there was a proposal out there from many different countries and candidates submitted. At the end, there was an aggregation selected called AES. That was the product that I worked on. One day I was walking by the library and there was IBM recruitment on campus, and they are giving a pizza away. So, I went there for pizza and I started talking to our recruiting manager. She was very interested in my research and asked me to bring the regimen the next day. So, I did and after like five months after I started working for IBM. So, I got really, really lucky.
Steven: So we have a free pizza to thank for us starting your career on the platform. It's amazing what you can get with free pizza.
Alex: Oh, yeah, yeah. College kids and pizza. You can never separate them.
Steven: That's one for me to remember. Next time I'm doing a hackathon with The Open Mainframe Project. So starting off in the crypto space on a really cool project got you into the platform. Then you no longer work for IBM, you work for Vicom. Tell me a little bit about that transition and how you made the move from IBM to one of our great community members who work on the platform and really support your fun side.
Alex: So, when I moved to the Wall Street clients set to support my sales team for IBM, one of my clients I was working with was supported by an IBM partner. I learned about the company, and how they assist on top of IBM Support and collaborate with it. I think IBM wanted to encourage a lot of partners to take more ownership. I saw the opportunity that I can contribute in that effort, and support my clients with some other skills that I had from the development experience. I was doing other things that maybe help customers to use mainframe more. So, I wanted to join the team and thankfully I was able to join. I still work with the same team from IBM, but I think I'm proud of extended team.
Steven: Fantastic. The podcast is called I Am A Mainframer. You know, I think a lot of our listeners are either established on the platform or a new and trying to understand it. I've been really keen to get your perspective about why you see yourself as a mainframer. What got you interested? So if you could maybe give us a perspective there that would be really interesting for the listeners, I think.
Alex: When I started working for IBM in 2001, the first year I learned a lot about things. The acronym was "RAS", reliability, availability and serviceability. It's almost engraved in my brain that anything I do, I always think about that. So, when I think about the mainframe it's those three letters: reliability and availability and so serviceability. I was working with at the time a distinguished engineer on a RAS feature. So he's basically with other team members the RAS theory and developed a lot of chips and mainframe architecture with that. So going to his office, looking at all this research documents that he created from the basic components into certain level to the architecture level was amazing. I think mainframe today still stands for those three letters and then it became an enterprise system or enterprise computing when I came to the field. Customers actually rely on those three things. Critical business should have those three things all the time.
Steven: I agree when you speak to clients and when we speak to people on this podcast those really sort of come through. As key foundations for how they use the workloads on top of the platform, and really some of the architectural choices, the development teams, making the hardware engineering teams and ultimate those clients are when they're architected for these workloads. I think it'd be really good to maybe share that with some of the listeners. One of the coolest things I've seen over the last sort of 12 months is somebody developing a voice assistant for the mainframe. I know that's your pet project. It literally blows me away every time you demo this. So, can you just share with the listeners what you've developed what Viva as a project is and really what we can expect from that technology coming out over the next few months.
Alex: Sure. VIVA stands for Vicom Infinity Voice Assistant. A lot of people, including myself, has a voice assistants at home. I have like six or seven Alexa ECHOs at my place. A lot of people might have Google Home and I use it daily. And I think it will be another major human interface to the computers.
The beginning of this fever project for the mainframe was starting with thinking "how cool it would be to ask a question to a device how the mainframe is doing?" Every morning I have two kids going to school, and I to clothe them properly I ask, "Alexa, how's the weather?" Then she answers me, then I can get the information right away so I don't have to look at my smartphone for the temperature for the weather. So, I thought it'd be cool to do that with the mainframe. I started with our summer intern in 2017. This was second year he's come for a summer internship at Vicom Infinity. His first year, he got a project for Hyperledger which is very high level and very conceptual. So the second year he wanted to do something fun and realistic and I picked three things together. Raspberry Pi, voice recognition and RESTful API for the mainframe. So, we meshed that together and came out with something that you can ask questions about the mainframe systems. So we showed our demo to our president at the time at the end of the internship testimonial. Our president really liked it and I think he saw the potential that it could be helpful to our clients at some point. So we started investing more time and effort and came up with a more secure and more reliable usable technology so that you know we can introduce it to our clients.
Steven: Fantastic. Anybody should look out for the demo of this. I think it's a really good user interface. Not only a fun project, but I can see the business applications. And the way you demo it getting those executives to query about the mainframe performance, peak usage, your month end process in or after a busy day being able to just query the mainframe and check performance. I think it's a really cool project. One of the other things that I know you're heavily involved in is Zowe. I see your name more frequently than I see anybody else is probably in the Zowe slack channels. Can you just give me your perspective of Zowe and maybe if there are any connections to VIVA, of how you see that?
Alex: I'm more of a user of Zowe the open source project. We really think it was a perfect moment for Viva because we ere using API connected to time to integrate many other system API's the mainframe, but we wanted to use something free so that you don't have to pay to start the project. When we were introduced to Zowe, I was like, "Wow, this is it. We should definitely dive in and use it". We got it working after two months. We got a lot of help from local development teams and from overseas in the U.S. and Canada. It was great working together and they still are working together. It was a perfect match.
Steven: So where do you see Zowe going? Have you see its impact on the rest of the open source community and on the mainframe community?
Alex: I think its more of a testing the water period, that a lot of people want to get some awareness, and how it's being used with the initial packages. For example, our use cases demonstrate how you can create an API and then integrate it with some other application in your enterprise. I think as for Zowe, if people continued to demonstrate their use cases, a lot of people will have their own ideas and their own way to contribute back to the community.
Steven: So it's interesting to talk about community. We're on the Open Mainframe Project podcast. What role do you see the OMP and the Linux Foundation playing in that mainframe community? How do you see that coming together?
Alex: I think the OMP has done a great job for the past three years. It's been great, especially for Zowe's side was the US Open Source projects. I think there are some mainstream audiences that may want to know about this. Also, working together in the open source community will have great potential to expand mainframe users and developers. For example, having some other Linux Foundation project like Hyperledger or Let's Encrypt, and have them integrate something with Zowe across platform development might be something good. I would love to see that happen as a personal user. And I think there will be a lot of development and collaboration on the non-mainframe side.
Steven: Where do you see the mainframe platform going over the next 12 to 36 months? Where do you see for the short term and maybe medium term future? What do you see ahead for the platform?
Alex: I think that the pervasive encryption topic that IBM is easy to broaden to the market really hit the hat. It couldn't be better timing or, I shouldn't say better because we see a lot of security breaches and I think he should, we talk about the encryption and security vulnerability, and how to how to exploit the features and how to prevent data breaches. Open Source traditionally address those areas very well. I think having OMP with the Linux Foundation focusing on the security topic over the next 36 months might be very good. I think has potential as that people will try to drive it that way.
Steven: Yeah, I think it's going to be an exciting time. I mean with what's coming down the pipeline from some of the security guys here. You know, it's the communities definitely digging in on this requirement. Every day you hear about a hack at there and some other companies being hacked. So, I think as we all look to engage with clients around the mainframe platform and security, that message just seems to resonate.
Alex: I see a lot of our customers finally getting to the ideas and started to implement those pervasive encryption features. There's a lot of open source out there and you can run it on any platform. So we just need to let people know that they can choose to run open source on the mainframe and then make it stronger and protect it.
Steven: Yeah. That's a foundation for me, the ability to protect that data and be able to provide a platform where you know you've got encrypted data. You've got that strong robust security at every level through the stack. That's just foundational for me whenever we talk to clients so I'm not surprised. You say that but it but it's reassuring to hear that. That's coming through in your conversations out there in the community. Alex, This has been absolutely fantastic. Always a pleasure to talk to you. You're such an innovator in the space. We talked about Viva and I recommend everybody check that out. Is there anything else you want to share with the group as we would look to wrap up? Are there any other sort of parting final comments?
Alex: I really wanted to thank you, the Linux Foundation, The Open Mainframe, and the other developers of Zowe and development community for their endless time and effort putting this together.
Steven: Oh it's always a pleasure Alex. Always great to talk. So you've been listening to the open mainframe project. I've been talking to Alex Kim from Vicom about some of the great work he's doing and how he's innovating on the bleeding edge of voice recognition and the mainframe. Please look to subscribe and join us again for future episodes. My name is Steven Dickens. It's been a pleasure talking to you today on The Open Mainframe Project, I Am A Mainframer podcast. Thanks for much for your time.


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StepChange is the UK's leading debt management charity. They offer a range of help, include resources and information on their website to services to directly help you manage problem debt.
Citizens Advice offers free, independent, confidential and impartial advice to everyone on their rights and responsibilities in relation to money and other issues.
Desperate or need to talk?


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Much of what determines a person's health occurs outside the doctor's office. Good health depends not just on access to quality medical care, but also the opportunity to live in an environment that is conducive to healthy living. Healthy children perform better in school, and healthy adults perform better in the workplace. The result is a thriving community where people are active and have access to healthy foods, and a local economy that benefits from millions of dollars saved on healthcare costs.
A new Mary's Center location in Fort Totten, D.C.


Traditionally speaking, an Estimate will act as the "precursor" to an Invoice. You would normally create an Estimate first for a client, containing all of the items and services that you intended to charge them. Once the client has viewed the Estimate and approved the price, you would then "convert" the Estimate into an Invoice. Once it is an Invoice, the client will be able to make payment through the system, and any payments will be recorded and reflected on the Invoice in question.


2019 Ford F-250 Review, Price, And Release Date – 2019 Ford F-250, coming shortly. A few months ago, several spy professional photographers, of your lengthy anticipated, Ford F-250 presented. In looks of opinion These images, there is no doubt that, the all-new Ford F-250, will undoubtedly be processed and redesigned which will help, allow it to be considerably more sellable.
The 2019 Ford F-250 logo sporting activities a block lettering "Super Duty" with the hood just above the grid. The leading bumper is stainless-plated with body color fixtures. In the same way, the truck features a significant component of chrome clip around the truck's tailgate.The grid has a limited grasp of the design type of 3 Ford nightclubs. All the 3 side to side pubs is composed of a small team of side cafes, creating another appear compared to other F-150s in the variety.
Furthermore, Brought headlights and fog lamps arrive usual, making it meaning the Constrained version is promoted being an array-topping type. Moreover, the truck sits on 22 inches custom made-made chrome wheel.Other enhancements monitor the ASSIST trajectory, the 360-degree digicam method, and any new file backup Trailer Pro Support Ford. Also, electric collapsible actions, remote control tailgate release, and exclusive rooftop class.The F-250 panorama window cut is available in a wide array of body variations and clip amounts, ranging from pickup trucks working through the standard cabin up-Of- series several-doorway team cab models with interiors filled with expensive goods.
Inside of the cab, the brand new F-250 comes with a dashboard covered with smooth resources to the touch. There is a new feature providing the truck – the brand new SYNC system infotainment 3 application, including far better presentation recognition, permitting the occupants to talk much more by natural means inside the process.
The Ford F-2019 250 will receive massive engine. There exist 6.2-L V-8 powertrains, roommates are likewise beneath the hood of the existing car. However, is to buy a rise in ability to 400 hp. The pair can also get a boost to the current stage. Strength passes through a 6-pace automatic transmission, with the non-obligatory manual gearbox. The F-250 truck employs the rear-wheel generate process. All push tires can provide steadiness, traction, and stability, and also increased payload ability. The powertrain is definitely an option diesel products of 6.7 l. From it, the ability goes down to 300 horsepower, although the torque reaches a fantastic worth. For 2019 versions, industry experts calculate Ford attain 950 lb-feet.
The Ford F-250 2019 can cost you $ 40,370 before alternatives.


*you can definitely modify this to your own preference. if there are any exercises that you are unfamiliar with, feel free to ask me and i'll try to explain them!
ok! here we go..let me know if you are going to workout (with this or your own plan) and we can be accountability partners! really helps!
Wow sounds like a great workout, I might have to try this.
The order arrived today, thanks so sweet and the pkging is extra special.


I haven't had a chance to go through WordPress 2.9 and figure out all the improvements just yet, but I am excited to do so. A few items they have been boasting about are a global undo/�trash� feature, a built-in image editor, a batch plugin update/compatibility checking and easier video embeds.
Here is a little video from WordPress.org that goes through a bunch of the new features in 2.9.


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Highway Framework
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The fastest and smoothest way to great architecture

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Package Highway.Data

Namespaces

package  	EntityFramework

package  	EventManagement

package  	Interceptors

package  	Interfaces

package  	QueryObjects

package  	Services

Classes

class  	EnumerableExtensions

 	Extensions to make dealing with enumerable collections easier

class  	DataContext

 	A base implementation of the Code First Data DataContext for Entity Framework  More...

class  	ObjectDataContext

 	The default implementation of a Object context for the database first approach to Entity Framework  More...

class  	DropCreateInitializer

 	**** FOR DEVELOPMENT USAGE ONLY **** **** DO NOT PUT THIS IN PRODUCTION CODE **** This class will clear the existing connections to the database and drop the database  More...

interface  	IContextConfiguration

 	Implement this interface to pass the context specific mapping to the constructor  More...

interface  	IMappingConfiguration

 	Implement this interface to pass the mappings in via constructor injection on the context.  More...

class  	AsyncRepository

 	A Repository that implements a default Task based Async Pattern  More...

class  	Repository

 	A Entity Framework Specific repository implementation that uses Specification pattern to execute Queries in a controlled fashion.  More...

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