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Asia & the Orient
History in-depth
Pre-guaranteed
Tour of Turkey, cradle of civilization
Escorted small group tour exploring Turkey
From $6,707 USD
May 08 2020 to May 29 2020
Incl/Excl
Level 2 - Moderate
Istanbul – Ankara
Ankara - Cappadocia
Cappadocia - Konya
Konya – Antalya
Antalya – Pamukkale
Pamukkale – Kusadasi
Kusadasi - Izmir
Izmir - Çanakkale
Canakkale – Istanbul
Small group tours Turkey | Ancient Turkey
Odyssey Traveller's Ancient Turkey escorted small group history tour visits some of the most spectacular, varied, and historically important sites in the ancient world. This Turkey tour begins and ends in Istanbul, Turkey's largest city and seaport, and the place where east meets the west on the Bosporus. Visit Turkey with Odyssey on this amazing history tour. Our tour packages are especially designed to be suitable for mature-aged and senior travellers, whether joining as a couple or as a solo traveller.
Over 21 days we will travel from Istanbul to Cappadocia. On our Cappadocia tour we visit its 'fairy chimneys', large rock spires that rise from the earth like mushrooms, formed over millions of years by the erosion of volcanic rock. We go on a Pamukkale tour, see the ancient ruins of Ephesus and the mosques in Turkey, and view the Aegean Sea, with our terrific local guides sharing with you both the ancient and contemporary history and scenery of this incredibly diverse nation. The tour stops in nine key places that have played pivotal roles in the development of Turkey. Typically our Turkey travel group stop for more than one night in our destinations--1 to 4 nights of hotel stay or other type of accommodation before travelling to our next point of interest. A combination of day trip, city tour, shore excursions, and overnight trips, this Turkey tour promises to be a memorable trip and an amazing travel experience.
Small group tours Turkey Itinerary
The program takes in many of the most famous sites and sights of the ancient world. Istanbul is one of the world's oldest cities and has been at the centre of civilisation for centuries. We visit a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Blue Mosque, a beautiful structure built between 1609 and 1616 by Sultan Ahmed during the age of the Ottoman Empire to house his tomb. The Mosque features six spectacular minarets, the culmination of two centuries of Ottoman mosque development. You will see the Greek theatres in Pergamon, the legendary Greco-Roman cities of Troy and Ephesus, and discover the cultural centres of Ankara and Izmir.
We enjoy a Bosphorus cruise, viewing both the European and Asian shores of Istanbul. The Bosphorus is a beautiful and important waterway that has a long history, beginning at least as early as the 5th century BC, when the city-state of Athens depended on it for grain imports from Scythia.
In Antalya we take time to relax and visit its ruins and archaeological museum, which is bound to be filled with treasures from ancient times as Antalya is the major city of the Anatolian Mediterranean. In Saralti, we visit its underground city. In Konya, we learn about the mystic Whirling Dervishes. Our Turkey small group tour also includes a visit to the extraordinary limestone formations of Pamukkale, as well as the underground cities and cave churches in Cappadocia. We also have the opportunity to interact with the locals, and experience first-hand their culture, cuisine, and traditions.
A large part of our Turkey small group tour program is spent in Anatolia, in eastern Turkey. This tour also spends time on the Gallipoli Peninsula and in Istanbul, the European part of the country known as Thrace. During the entire program, a local English speaking guide will accompany the group alongside your Odyssey Traveller Program Leader. Accommodation during the program is be in quality 4 star hotels with private facilities.
For more details of our small group tours, click the 'Top 5' or 'Itinerary' buttons above! You may also want to read our article on Istanbul and the places to visit in Turkey.
If you're keen to experience this tour, please call or send an email. Or, to book, simply fill in the form on the right hand side of this page.
Frequently Asked Questions About Turkey
Is Turkey safe to visit?
Whenever you're travelling it's always worth checking Australia's smarttraveller.gov.au website for any relevant travel advice. Current travel advice for Turkey (as of September 2019) is to "exercise a high degree of caution". Our links to local guides and suppliers give us regular updates on what's happening on the ground. Rest assured that the safety of our travellers, local guides, and Odyssey Program Leader is our paramount concern. We receive advice from our local supplier, and prudent conservative action is taken at all times to ensure the safety of any of our groups.
When should I visit Turkey?
Odyssey's Turkey tours depart in spring (May) and autumn (September), ensuring we have pleasant weather but encounter relatively fewer crowds. The peak season for travel in Turkey is summer, June to August, which is also when the temperature is at its hottest.
What should I wear in Turkey?
As our departures are in spring and autumn, it can still get chilly at times, so remember to pack outerwear to keep you warm. Turkey is a Muslim country, but there is no dress code as such. You can wear whatever feels comfortable, but remember to dress modestly when visiting mosques or more conservative rural areas in order to show respect and not draw too much attention.
Tour Notes
Itineraries may change if flight schedules, site availability, and other inclusions have to be amended prior to departure.
Group size limited to 16.
PDF of Tour PDF of Reading List
Day 1: Istanbul
Overview: We will come to the hotel individually and have a welcome briefing and dinner.
Accommodation: 4 nights at Dosso Dossi Hotel or similar.
Overview: Today we will take a field trip to discover the ancient treasures of Istanbul, the sprawling metropolis where Europe and Asia collide. The city has a rich and textured history that dates back over 3000 years. Originally named Lygos, it was colonised by the Greeks in the 7th century BC, and was known as Byzantium until AD 330, when it was made the new capital of the Roman Empire and renamed Constantinople. The city grew to be the largest in the western world during late antiquity. After the Muslim conquest in 1453, Constantinople became the capital of the Ottoman Empire. It was finally renamed Istanbul when the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923.
Today we visit the Hippodrome Square, built by the Romans in the 2nd century AD as the site of horse racing and chariot racing. It was the centre of the city's social life during the Byzantine period. We then visit the Hagia St Sophia Church, constructed by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in 1532 and considered the pinnacle of Byzantine architecture. It was the world's largest cathedral for over a thousand years. Over the centuries it has served as a Greek Orthodox Church, a Roman Catholic cathedral and an imperial mosque. Finally we visit the Blue Mosque, a beautiful structure built between 1609 and 1616 by Sultan Ahmed during the Ottoman reign to house his tomb. The Mosque features six spectacular minarets, the culmination of two centuries of Ottoman mosque development. We return to our hotel in time for dinner.
Accommodation: Dosso Dossi hotel or similar.
Overview: After breakfast, we will visit Topkapi Palace, a 15th century structure built not long after the Muslim conquest to house the Ottoman sultans. Next we head to the Grand Bazaar, one of the largest and oldest markets in the world. Another relic of the Ottoman conquest, the Bazaar was originally constructed as part of an initiative to stimulate economic activity in Constantinople. Its earliest trade was in textiles and jewels. Finally, before returning to our hotel, we visit the Underground Cistern Basilica, the largest of the several hundred cisterns that lie beneath the city. Originally built in the 6th century AD, the cistern was repeatedly renovated and eventually provided water to many of the city's grand buildings, including the Great Palace of Constantinople and the Topkapi Palace.
Overview: This morning we will take a cruise along the Bosporus, the narrow stretch of water that connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara. Along the coast there are many beautiful waterfront houses, most of which were built during the Ottoman period. The Bosporus and the Dardanelles form the Turkish Straits, separating Asian Turkey from European Turkey. As part of the only sea route between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, the Straits have been commercially and militarily important for millennia. Their significance was one of the main reasons the Romans chose to build their new capital there in 330 AD. On this cruise we will view both the European and Asian shores of modern day Istanbul.
Accommodation: Dosso Dossi hotel or similar
Day 5: Istanbul – Ankara
Overview: This morning we leave Istanbul and we head to the capital of Turkey and visit the Anatolian Civilization Museum. On arrival in Ankara you will have some free time to explore the city on our own or join the local guide for a short walk. Our local guide will give you information regarding restaurant options in the area for dinner tonight.
Ankara was the headquarters of Kemal Ataturk's Turkish nationalist movement, who sought to wrest control of Anatolia from the victorious Allies after the First World War. After the Turkish War of Independence, Ankara replaced Constantinople as the capital of the new Republic of Turkey. The city is divided between old and new sections. The old section features many Byzantine, Roman and Ottoman buildings.
Accommodation: 2 nights at Holiday Inn Ankara or similar.
Day 6: Ankara
Overview: Today we have a full day excursion to Boğazkale, ancient civilization capital of Hittite Empire and named Hattusas. The settlement dates back over 6000 years. The Hittites established their empire in Anatolia around 1600 BC. They constructed huge fortifications around Hattusa, and our first stop is at the Lion's Gate, one of only six passages into the ancient city. The gate gets its name from the two lions on either side of it, carved out of huge blocks of stone, and intended to scare away evil spirits from the city. Our next stop is at the Tunnel King's Gate, or 'gate in the ground', a 70 metre long passageway underneath the city walls. We then visit the Citadel, which served as the seat of the Hittite kings. Situated at the highest point of the ancient city, it offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape. Finally, we visit the Grand Temple. Built in the 14th century BC, the temple stood as a dedication to the Hittite gods, and only rulers and priests were granted entry. We drive back late afternoon, arriving back at the hotel in time for dinner.
Accommodation: Holiday Inn Ankara or similar
Day 7: Ankara - Cappadocia
Overview: This morning we depart for Cappadocia, a beautiful, otherworldly region of central Turkey. Before leaving Ankara we visit the Mausoleum of Kemal Ataturk.
Cappadocia was once the homeland of the Bronze Age Hittites, who knew it as Hatti. Later it was ruled by Persian kings, Romans and Ottomans. The area contains several underground cities, once used as refuges by persecuted Christians and ancient cave dwellers. However, Cappadocia's most arresting attractions are its 'fairy chimneys', large rock spires that rise from the earth like mushrooms, formed over millions of years by the erosion of volcanic rock. We arrive at our hotel in time for dinner.
Accommodation: 3 nights at Alfina Cave Hotel or similar
Day 8: Cappadocia
Overview: For those who wish, there is an optional hot air balloon excursion early this morning (Additional cost. This activity is weather dependant and may not be possible at the time). Today we visit Goreme Open Air Museum, a vast complex of ancient monasteries carved into the rocky landscape. Once a Byzantine monastic settlement, by the 17th century it had become an important pilgrimage site. We then head to Love Valley, euphemistically named for its distinctive rock structures. Finally we visit Uchisar, a natural citadel full of stairs, tunnels and passages, located at the highest point in Cappadocia. The top of Uchisar Castle provides a fantastic view of the surrounding region.
Accommodation: Alfina Cave Hotel or similar.
Overview: Today we visit more breathtaking Cappadocian landscapes. After breakfast we head to the Kiliclar Valley, which features some of the most beautiful rock structures in all of Cappadocia. We then move on the Pasabag, where giant pillar-like fairy chimneys rise from the earth. Sometimes known as Monks Valley, its chimneys once housed hermits who sought to distance themselves from the world. On our way back to the hotel we visit Pigeon Valley, named for the many pigeon houses carved into the rocks. Pigeons were once used in the region as message carriers, though few remain today.
Day 10: Cappadocia - Konya
Overview: This morning we depart for the Ilara Gorge, a 100m deep canyon formed over thousands of years by the Melendiz River. It is estimated that around 80 000 people once lived in the Ilhara Valley. These days it is one of the best hiking spots in Turkey. We enjoy a pleasant morning walk along the valley floor next to a fast-flowing stream. We'll have a mid-morning stop for morning tea of gozleme and fresh orange juice. We get back on bus and make way to Saralti to visit the underground city, with 3 levels that can be visited (there are 7 in total). We continue on to Konya where we visit the Sultanhani Carevanserai. We also visit Mevlana Museum which is better visited in the late afternoon as there are fewer people and less hostility from the locals who view it as a shrine, not a museum. The museum is the mausoleum of Rumi, a 13th century Persian Sufi mystic, poet and Islamic scholar. His 'Masnavi', written in the city of Konya, is thought to be one the greatest poems in the Persian language.
Accommodation: 1 night at Hilton Garden Inn Hotel or similar.
Day 11: Konya – Antalya
Overview: Today we have an early morning departure to Çatalhöyük, was a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic proto-city settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 B.C. to 5700 B.C. It is the largest and best-preserved Neolithic site found to date. In July 2012, it was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. If time permits, we'll also stop to visit Eflatun Pinar (Plato's Spring), an idylkic stone pool monument build by the Bronze Age Hittites.
Accommodation: 3 nights at Dogan Hotel or similar.
Day 12: Antalya
Overview: Today we have a full-day field trip to two ancient Anatolian cities. The first, Perge, was one of the most important cities in the premodern civilisation of Pamphylia. The earliest traces of continuous settlement in the city date back three millennia. After initially coming under Persian influence, the city fell to the armies of Alexander the Great in 334 BC. Its most famous resident was the Greek mathematician and astronomer Apollonius. In 188 BC Perge came under Roman rule, and rose to become one of the greatest cities in Asia Minor. The city's ruins include a theatre, a temple and a palaestra. Perge's acropolis dates back to the Bronze Age.
The second city we visit is Aspendos, another Greco-Roman stronghold in ancient Pamphylia. Aspendos is famous for having one of the best preserved theatres of antiquity. Built in 155 AD by the Greek architect Zenon, it provided seating for up to 12,000 spectators. The city boasts a basilica, and 15km of a Roman aqueduct. It was one also one of the first cities to issue coins, a practice that began around 500 BC. After Aspendos we return to our hotel for dinner.
Accommodation: Dogan Hotel or similar.
Overview: Today we take a morning visit to the award-winning open air Antalya Archaeological Museum. The museum is one of the largest in Turkey, displaying over 5000 pieces of art and archaeological objects. Antalya is one of the most fertile archaeological regions in the world, will many sites boasting evidence of uninterrupted occupation from earliest man to modern times. After we finish at the museum we will take a leisurely half-day cruise around the local bays. There will be an opportunity to go for a swim in the beautiful blue waters of the Mediterranean. We then return to our hotel for dinner.
Day 14: Antalya – Pamukkale
Overview: This morning we depart Antalya for the world heritage site of Hierapolis-Pamukkale. Pamukkale, meaning 'cotton castle' in English, is a remarkable natural site famous for its dazzling thermal pools. Thick white layers of travertine and limestone cascade down the hillside, the result of the mineral-laden underground hot water springs in the area. Calcium deposits from the springs' water created these white waterfalls over thousands of years. We visit the thermal spa of Hierapolis, established by the kings of Pergamon in the 2nd century BC.
Accommodation: 1 night at Colossae Thermal Hotel or similar.
Day 15: Pamukkale – Kusadasi
Overview: This morning we drive to Aphrodisias, named after Aphrodite (or Venus), the Greek goddess of love. In Roman times, Aphrodisias was famous for its sculptures and the sculptors who made them. White and blue grey marble was quarried in large quantities from the slopes around the city. The city was destroyed by a large earthquake in the 7th century.
A highlight of the visit is the stadium, which once seated over 35,000 people and is the best-preserved of its period in the world. We will also see the Hadrian Baths, erected in honour of the Roman Emperor Hadrian, who visited the city while travelling through Anatolia. Other attractions include the theatre, the Agora (Greek for 'gathering place' or 'assembly') and the Archaeological Museum – where many Aphrodite statues are on display. We arrive back at our hotel with plenty of time for dinner.
Accommodation: 3 nights at Carina Hotel or similar.
Day 16: Kusadasi
Overview: We head this morning to visit the ruins of ancient Ephesus, the cradle of early Christianity. There we visit ancient Ephesus with its terrace houses, the Archaeological Museum and the Temple of Diana/Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. We also visit the Virgin Mary's house.
Accommodation: Carina Hotel or similar.
Overview: Today we visit the picturesque rural Turkish village of Sirince, nested at the top of a mountain and surrounded by peach trees and vineyards. We will visit some local houses to gain an understanding of life in a typical Turkish village. We will watch the local women cooking their traditional cheese pastry and stroll through the small open-air bazaar. We then return to to our hotel in Kusadasi, a beach town on Turkey's Aegean coast. The remainder of the afternoon is at leisure.
Accommodation: Carina Hotel or similar
Day 18: Kusadasi - Izmir
Overview: After breakfast we will depart to visit St John's Basilica. Next we will proceed to Izmir (Smyrna) city; here we will visit the ruins of ancient Agora. Next we will head to our hotel which is located in the heart of Izmir, a lovely seaside area with many attractions along the coast all within walking distance. Izmir also known as Smyrna in ancient times, it boasts 4000 years of recorded human history, and has since been occupied by the Greeks, the Romans and the Ottomans. Today it is the third most populous city in Turkey, after Istanbul and Ankara.
Accommodation: 2 nights at Double Tree Hotel or similar.
Day 19: Izmir
Overview: Today we will drive to Sardis, the capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia and one of the most important cities of the Persian and Roman empires. We start the day with a visit to the Artemis Temple and the oldest synagogue of the ancient world, which became a gymnasium during the Roman era. In the afternoon we visit the local museum and the Agora. Dinner tonight is at individual arrangements, with many delightful restaurants within easy walking distance of our hotel.
Accommodation: Double Tree Hotel or similar.
Day 20: Izmir - Çanakkale
Overview: This morning we drive to Pergamon, a city built by one of the generals of Alexander the Great. We will view the Acropolis, the steepest theatre of the ancient world. We carry on to visit Asclepion, the ancient healing centre. Today, it is possible to see the ruins of the ancient healing centre and view the sites used for techniques such as Sacred Water, Herbs and Ointments, the Sun Bath, the Theatre for Music, and those used for social events. We carry on to ancient Troy where we will take in its legendary sights and view the replica of the wooden horse. Troy was the setting for the Trojan War, described in Homer's Iliad. We arrive at our Çanakkale hotel in time for dinner.
Accommodation: 1 night at Assos Dove Hotel or similar.
Day 21: Canakkale – Istanbul
Overview: From our hotel in Canakkale we board a ferryboat to cross the Dardanelles Straits. From here we head to the Gallipoli (Gelibolu) Peninsula and ANZAC Cove, the site of the epic eight-month military confrontation during the First World War. Following the shoreline of the Sea of Marmara, we arrive back in cosmopolitan Istanbul. Tonight we come together for our farewell dinner.
Accommodation: 1 night at Dosso Dossi Hotel or similar
Day 22: Istanbul
Overview: The tour ends after breakfast.
Experience the revered Gallipoli Peninsula.
Visit the legendary city of Troy, famous from the Trojan War to the Illiad.
Explore Istanbul, one of the world's oldest and most intriguing cities.
See the cascading, calcium-coated mineral baths of Pamukkale.
Take a trip to the seat of Turkish culture in Ankara, which is renowned for Angora wool.
What's included in our Tour
21 of nights hotel accommodation.
21 breakfasts, 8 lunches, and 16 dinners.
All sightseeing and field trips as indicated.
Applicable entry fees and services of local guides.
Touring by comfortable and modern coach.
Service charges and gratuities.
Services of a Tour Leader for the duration of the tour.
Detailed tour information booklet.
What's not included in our Tour
International airfares and departure taxes.
Comprehensive travel insurance.
Optional excursions such (i.e. Hot air balloon ride)
Items of a personal nature such as telephone calls and laundry.
Visa fees and visa assistance service.
Suggested Reading List VIEW 10 BOOKSCLOSE
Rebel Land
by Christopher de Bellaigue
In 2001, Christopher de Bellaigue wrote a story for The New York Review of Books, in which he briefly discussed the killing and deportation of half a million Armenians from Turkey in 1915. These massacres, he suggested, were best understood as part of the struggles that attended the end of the Ottoman Empire. Upon publication, the Review was besieged with letters asserting that this was not war but genocide. How had he gotten it so wrong? De Bellaigue set out for Turkey's troubled southeast to discover what really happened. What emerged is both an intellectual detective story and a reckoning with memory and identity. Rebel Land unravels the enigma of the Turkish twentieth century―a time that contains the death of an empire, the founding of a nation, and the near extinction of a people.Turkish author and Nobel laureate Orhan Pamuk calls it "A finely written, brave, and very personal book"
My Name is Red
by Orhan Pamuk (trans. Erdag M. Goknar)
At once a fiendishly devious mystery, a beguiling love story, and a brilliant symposium on the power of art, My Name Is Red is a transporting tale set amid the splendor and religious intrigue of sixteenth-century Istanbul, from one of the most prominent contemporary Turkish writers. (Pamuk was awarded the Novel Prize in Literature in 2006).The Sultan has commissioned a cadre of the most acclaimed artists in the land to create a great book celebrating the glories of his realm. Their task: to illuminate the work in the European style. But because figurative art can be deemed an affront to Islam, this commission is a dangerous proposition indeed. The ruling elite therefore mustn't know the full scope or nature of the project, and panic erupts when one of the chosen miniaturists disappears. The only clue to the mystery–or crime? –lies in the half-finished illuminations themselves. Part fantasy and part philosophical puzzle, My Name is Red is a kaleidoscopic journey to the intersection of art, religion, love, sex and power.
A New York Times review notes how the book "brush[es] up against our own tradition's questioning of the place of art". Read Richard Eder's review here.
Istanbul: A Poetry of Place
by Ates Orga (ed.)
This is a pocket-sized collection of poetry of Istanbul, one of the world's most remarkable cities. Istanbul, capital of two great empires, confluence of Asia and Europe, has called forth poetry throughout her long history, from paupers and sultans, natives and visitors alike. When Mehmed the Conqueror first wandered through the ruins of the Byzantine palace, it was with the words of the Persian poet Ferdowsi on his lips: "The spider spins his web in the Palace of the Caesars/An owl hoots in the towers of Afrasiyab". Since then the silhouette of thousand-year-old domes and tapering minarets, the sunsets reflected nightly in a thousand palace windows and the bustle of her markets have inspired Sultan Suleyman, W B Yeats and Nazim Hikmet, amongst others, to salute one of the world's most remarkable cities.
From Jason and the Argonauts to the fans of Galatasaray in their stadium, both visitors to and residents of Istanbul are immortalised in this collection. The exquisite love poetry of the Ottomans, the epic sagas of the Turkish nationalists, the epigrams of sultans, and the romantic couplets of visiting diplomats are contrasted in thematic chapters. A cosmopolitan city from its earliest history, this collection includes poetry by and about Turks, Jews, Kurds, gypsies, Armenians, Greeks, and Russians. Featuring: W B Yeats, Sergei Esenin, Nazim Hikmet, Charles Kingsley, Lord Byron, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Bedri Rahmi Eyuboglu, Orhan Veli, Vita Sackville-West and Suleyman the Magnificent.
The Silk Road in World History
by Xinru Liu
The Silk Road was the contemporary name for a complex of ancient trade routes linking East Asia with Central Asia, South Asia, and the Mediterranean world. This network of exchange emerged along the borders between agricultural China and the steppe nomads during the Han Dynasty (206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.), in consequence of the inter-dependence and the conflicts of these two distinctive societies. In their quest for horses, fragrances, spices, gems, glassware, and other exotics from the lands to their west, the Han Empire extended its dominion over the oases around the Takla Makan Desert and sent silk all the way to the Mediterranean, either through the land routes leading to the caravan city of Palmyra in Syria desert, or by way of northwest India, the Arabian Sea and the Red Sea, landing at Alexandria. The Silk Road survived the turmoil of the demise of the Han and Roman Empires, reached its golden age during the early middle age, when the Byzantine Empire and the Tang Empire became centres of silk culture and established the models for high culture of the Eurasian world. The coming of Islam extended silk culture to an even larger area and paved the way for an expanded market for textiles and other commodities. By the 11th century, however, the Silk Road was in decline because of intense competition from the sea routes of the Indian Ocean. Using supply and demand as the framework for analysing the formation and development of the Silk Road, the book examines the dynamics of the interactions of the nomadic pastoralists with sedentary agriculturalists, and the spread of new ideas, religions, and values into the world of commerce, thus illustrating the cultural forces underlying material transactions. This effort at tracing the interconnections of the diverse participants in the transcontinental Silk Road exchange will demonstrate that the world had been linked through economic and ideological forces long before the modern era.
Birds Without Wings
by Louis de Bernieres
In his first novel since Captain Corelli's Mandolin, Louis de Bernieres recreates a world, populates it with characters as real as our best friends, and launches it into the maelstrom of twentieth-century history. The setting is a small village in southwestern Anatolia in the waning years of the Ottoman Empire. Everyone there speaks Turkish, though they write it in Greek letters. It is a place that has room for a professional blasphemer; where a brokenhearted aga finds solace in the arms of a Circassian courtesan who isn't Circassian at all; where a beautiful Christian girl named Philothei is engaged to a Muslim boy named Ibrahim. But all of this will change when Turkey enters the modern world. Epic in sweep, intoxicating in its sensual detail, Birds Without Wings is an enchantment. de Bernieres insists it exceeds its better-known predecessor. Discover for yourself.The Guardian called it "a Turkish take on War and Peace". Read their interview with Bernieres here.
A Traveller's History of Turkey
by Richard Stoneman
Throughout the millennia Turkey formed the core of several Empires--Persia, Rome, Byzantium--before becoming the center of the Ottoman Empire. All these civilizations have left their marks on the landscape, architecture and art of Turkey--a place of fascinating overlapping cultures. A Traveller's History of Turkey offers a concise and readable account of the region from prehistory right up to the present day. It covers everything from the legendary Flood of Noah, the early civilization of Catal Huyuk seven thousand years before Christ, through the treasures of Troy, Alexander the Great, the Romans, Seljuks, Byzantines and the Golden Age of the Sultans, to the twentieth century's great changes wrought by Kemal Ataturk and the strong position Turkey now holds in the world community.
Turkey: A Short History
by Norman Stone
In Turkey: A Short History the celebrated historian Norman Stone deftly conducts the reader through the fascinating and complex story of Turkey's past, from the arrival of the Seljuks in Anatolia in the eleventh century to the modern republic applying for EU membership in the twenty-first. It is an account of epic proportions, featuring rapacious leaders such as Genghis Khan and Tamerlane, the glories of Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent, and Kemal Atatürk, the reforming genius and founder of modern Turkey.For six hundred years Turkey was at the heart of the Ottoman Empire, a superpower that brought Islam to the gates of Vienna and stretched to North Africa, the Persian Gulf, and the river Volga. Stone examines the reasons for the astonishing rise and the long decline of this world empire and how for its last hundred years it became the center of the Eastern Question, as the Great Powers argued over a regime in its death throes. Then, as now, the position of Turkey—a country balanced between two continents—provoked passionate debate. Stone concludes the book with a trenchant examination of the Turkish republic created in the aftermath of the First World War, where East and West, religion and secularism, and tradition and modernization are vibrant and sometimes conflicting elements of national identity. 11 illustrations
The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East
by Eugene Rogan
By 1914 the powers of Europe were sliding inexorably toward war, and they pulled the Middle East along with them into one of the most destructive conflicts in human history. In The Fall of the Ottomans, award-winning historian Eugene Rogan brings the First World War and its immediate aftermath in the Middle East to vivid life, uncovering the often ignored story of the region's crucial role in the conflict. Unlike the static killing fields of the Western Front, the war in the Middle East was fast-moving and unpredictable, with the Turks inflicting decisive defeats on the Entente in Gallipoli, Mesopotamia, and Gaza before the tide of battle turned in the Allies' favor. The postwar settlement led to the partition of Ottoman lands, laying the groundwork for the ongoing conflicts that continue to plague the modern Arab world. A sweeping narrative of battles and political intrigue from Gallipoli to Arabia, The Fall of the Ottomans is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the Great War and the making of the modern Middle East.
Turkey Unveiled: A History of Modern Turkey
by Nicole and Hugh Pope
In this "deeply revealing guide to modern Turkish culture and politics"(The New York Times Book Review), Hugh and Nicole Pope provide a glimpse into a culture that has long been misunderstood. Turkey Unveiled is the only book in many years to attempt to fill a gap in perception with regard to this extremely complex country, and this paperback edition includes an epilogue that brings the book totally up to date, with coverage of the most recent developments in Turkey. Throughout the last generation Turkey has opened up to the outside world, increasingly revealing a pluralistic and dynamic society. The authors, who speak fluent Turkish and have reported from Turkey for over a decade, provide a rich mosaic of contemporary Turkey and its formative past. The strengths and weaknesses of the Ottoman Empire, the Armenian tragedy, the ongoing Kurdish struggle, and the controversial legacy of the brilliant but autocratic founder of modern Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, are all here. They also provide portraits of new leaders who have broken taboos and ushered in new freedoms at a time when other forces attempt to pull Turkey back into the Middle Eastern vortex. Hugh and Nicole Pope, combining analysis with understanding, make recent developments in Turkey intelligible for both the general reader and the millions of visitors welcomed by a burgeoning tourist industry.
A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East
by David Fromkin
The Middle East has long been a region of rival religions, ideologies, nationalisms, and ambitions. All of these conflicts―including the hostilities between Arabs and Israelis, and the violent challenges posed by Iraq's competing sects―are rooted in the region's political inheritance: the arrangements, unities, and divisions imposed by the Allies after the First World War.In A Peace to End All Peace, David Fromkin reveals how and why the Allies drew lines on an empty map that remade the geography and politics of the Middle East. Focusing on the formative years of 1914 to 1922, when all seemed possible, he delivers in this sweeping and magisterial book the definitive account of this defining time, showing how the choices narrowed and the Middle East began along a road that led to the conflicts and confusion that continue to this day.A new afterword from Fromkin, written for this edition of the book, includes his invaluable, updated assessment of this region of the world today, and on what this history has to teach us.
Participant 2017
Our guide Filiz was wonderful, very well informed, historical insights very helpful, her care for our well being exceptional. Could not have wished for a better tour leader.
The country was apparently calm and safe. People were friendly and helpful. Such a pity there has been such a down turn in tourism.
Ros & Tony S. Sep '17
We felt safe in Turkey and found the people friendly and helpful. Prices were excellent and the food almost universally magnificent. There is so much to see in the natural and built environment and the wonderful archaeological sites. It is sad to see the ordinary people and businesses suffering from the lack of tourists.
Mary B. Sep '17
Odyssey Info
Cradle of Civilisations was a fairly fast-paced tour which covered many of the must-see places in north western part of the country. I felt awed by the places themselves, the depth of history on view at some of the places we visited. This was complimented hugely by the knowledge of our Local Guide, Filiz, and the Program Leader, Michael Bendon. To stand in places where thousands of years of human habitation had taken place was phenomenal. As well, the evidence of Turkey as a crucial part of the growth of western civilisation as seen in the Hittite, Roman and Christian sites and the evidence of a vast, centuries old, trading network was just awe inspiring.
Agnes H. Sep '18
My previous knowledge of Turkey was minimal and influenced by Western media and attitudes. My eyes have been opened to see a country of rich culture and warm and generous people.
Christie B. Sep '18
Travelling in Turkey with Odyssey was such a good experience although I had never joined a group before. This was very small – only 6 – so I felt very fortunate that Odyssey guaranteed our departure and arranged for an archaeologist from Australia and a wonderful Turkish guide. i could happily do it all again!
Ruth B. Sep '18
Excellent & varied itinerary – a great introduction to a wonderfully interesting country.
Heather M. May '19
Very comprehensive tour of the historical sites of Turkey with a great guide and tour leader, the minibus made it easy to get to quite remote sights and we were well-fed, hotels comfortable and ultimately it was a lot of fun.
Sally C. Sep '19
May 08 2020 Pre-guaranteed
Room TypeSingle BookingTwin Booking
$7,739 USD Twin Room
Prices are per person and valid until 30th December 2020
Pay a deposit of $500 USD per person
Have any questions? Give us a call!
Meet The Program Leader
Dr Michael Bendon
Dr Michael James Bendon holds post-graduate qualifications in Archaeology, History, Education, Linguistics, Maritime Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Management. He has worked for a great number of years as an archaeologist on numerous sites around the Mediterranean and Europe including Israel, Portugal, Germany and Greece, with extended survey in Turkey, Syria and Jordan.
Dr Bendon first started as a field archaeologist in Israel before moving briefly onto Portugal and then on to directing a Medieaval church and cemetery excavation in Northern Germany for four years. More recently, he has been assisting a colleague in investigations on Phalasarna, a large Classical/Hellenistic maritime city in Western Crete, while also working on the excavation of the first Minoan shipwreck to be discovered. His most recent research has revolved around two British WWII wrecks he located off shore from the ancient Phalasarna site. This particular avenue of investigation resulted in the publication of a book entitled, The Forgotten Flotilla: Craft of Heroes. Greece, Crete & North Africa.
Michael's research interests are varied but, at present, as well as continuing to work at Phalasarna, he is looking into the Mediterranean campaigns of WWII, the connections between the islands of Imbros, Limnos & Tenedos with the Gallipoli campaign of 1915 and, for something a little different, Chinese-Australian heritage and history.
Michael has travelled extensively having visited over 60 countries. As well as having lived in Japan for many years, he has also had extended stays in Israel, Turkey, the UK, Germany, the USA, Greece and France.
Bach Classical European Music Festival small group tours
Enjoy the best of Bach, not just the music but to explore his and his immediate families influences as a composer on his life. The program spends 16 days visiting the locations that where influences on his life as well as attending the Bach Music festival in Leipzig.
Departing Jun
From $10,834 USD
Mediterranean Islands Small Group Tour | Malta, Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica
For centuries Malta, Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica held the key to the Mediterranean. Malta secured the Mediterranean for Britain and made it the world's major maritime power. Possession of Sicily brought similar benefits to Rome, as did Corsica for France. However today the inhabitants retain their way of life for us to explore. Our program compares and contrasts the geography, history, culture and peoples of these 4 islands.
Departing Sep, Mar, Apr
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Riga Cathedral, Latvia
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Kansas City, Mo. (Oct. 3, 2012) – As part of the company's year-long 75th anniversary celebration and its commitment to the future of scholastic journalism, Walsworth Publishing announced that it will be sponsoring 75 scholarships for local students to attend the upcoming JEA/NSPA Fall National High School Journalism Convention in San Antonio, Nov. 15-18.
Walsworth will be paying the registration fees for the 75 scholarship recipients, who will be from the San Antonio area and will chosen by the JEA/NSPA convention's local organizing committee.
In addition to having their registration fees paid, the 75 students will receive a pizza party and T-shirts at the convention. The group will also be recognized at the convention's opening night keynote address on Nov. 15.
San Antonio-area students can apply for the scholarships by filling out the application form located on page 12 of the convention registration book, which can be downloaded from the NSPA website at studentpress.org/nspa. In addition, applicants must provide a one-page typed letter explaining why they want to attend the convention and a letter of recommendation from a school media adviser. Applications must be received no later than Oct. 10.
In the weeks prior to and following the convention, Walsworth will be documenting the convention experience of the 75 scholarship winners on its YouTube page, Facebook page and Yearbooks Blog.


You will be walking around campus, so we recommend comfortable shoes and casual clothes. Since you will be inside and outside, check the weather before you come.
Parking spaces are available at the Emily Parker Myers Admissions and Welcome Center, designated by a "Reserved for Future Bears" sign. For directions to campus, please see our website.


When he initially retired from the system in 2011, there were 173,000 inmates in the state's prisons, California Secretary of Corrections and Rehabilitation Scott Kernan told The Chronicle editorial board at a meeting in Sacramento on Thursday. While Kernan was running his consulting business, the number of inmates dropped dramatically.
With 40,000 fewer inmates, you would think that the state prison budget might be the rare area of government spending to go down. And you would be wrong. The Brown administration promised billions in savings, but those savings never materialized. The state prison and realignment budget was $9.5 billion in 2011-12. Last year, it was $11.8 billion — $2 billion more than what the state spent before the release of inmates, and $4 billion more than what the Brown administration predicted.
Like Wilson, Michael Rushford of the tough-on-crime Criminal Justice Legal Foundation sees Brown's plan as an evisceration of California's landmark Three Strikes Sentencing Law and the state's Victims' Bill of Rights — both successful ballot measures that enhanced penalties for repeat offenders. They believe that realignment and Prop. 47 have led to the release of too many bad guys.
Rushford's shop crunched the latest FBI crime statistics for California cities that filed them and found a 12.9 percent increase in violent crime and 9.3 percent jump in property crime in what were essentially the first six months that Prop. 47 was in effect.
Chuck DeVore, a sentencing reform advocate with the Texas Public Policy Foundation and a former California legislator, is aware of the uptick in California crime. "Of course the statistics are troubling," he told me. "No one wants to see violent crime go up." But: "One year does not make a trend. It's something you've got to look at." It's too early to tell.
Good point. Maybe the crime bump will recede, and 2015 was an anomaly. But maybe it won't. Kernan himself said it is too early to tell if Prop. 47 is behind the crime bump. Given that crime is up, now is this the absolute worst time to put forth a ballot measure to reduce the sentences of serious repeat offenders.
Once again, Brown promises big savings if his sentence-reduction measure passes. But as Kernan noted, the big savings are in shuttering prisons — and that hasn't happened yet.
It has been my experience that the public view on the criminal justice system often lags behind reality. Presidential hopeful Bernie Sanders, for example, has railed about governments incarcerating young people for smoking marijuana. According to the California Department of Corrections, .2 percent of state inmates are serving time for selling marijuana or possession for sale. I don't think marijuana should be an illegal substance, but I also know offenders have to do far more than smoke a joint to make it into a California penitentiary.
Protect and enhance public safety.
Save money by reducing wasteful spending on prisons.
Prevent federal courts from indiscriminately releasing prisoners.
Stop the revolving door of crime by emphasizing rehabilitation, especially for juveniles.
Require a judge, not a prosecutor, to decide whether juveniles should be tried in adult court.


Om man vill höra en inspelning av LANDSVÄGSTRALL från 1919, går det bra att lyssna här. Inspelningen är gjord i New Jersey 1919.
Det finns massor med intresant material på the NATIONAL JUKEBOX, mest på engelska förståss.
Eftersom det är gamla inspelningar som kanske inte alltid är politiskt korrekta, har man gjor en reservation: "These selections are presented as part of the record of the past. They are historical documents which reflect the attitudes, perspectives, and beliefs of different times. The Library of Congress does not endorse the views expressed in these recordings, which may contain content offensive to users."
"The Internet Archive is a 501(c)(3) non-profit that was founded to build an Internet library. Its purposes include offering permanent access for researchers, historians, scholars, people with disabilities, and the general public to historical collections that exist in digital format. Founded in 1996 and located in San Francisco, the Archive has been receiving data donations from Alexa Internet and others. In late 1999, the organization started to grow to include more well-rounded collections. Now the Internet Archive includes texts, audio, moving images, and software as well as archived web pages in our collections, and provides specialized services for adaptive reading and information access for the blind and other persons with disabilities."
MÅSTE MAN VARA KONSEKVENT OM MAN ÄR MILJARDÄR?
ÄR DET FARLIGT ATT GÅ PÅ UNIVERSITET?
SKALL INTE ALLA HA RÄTT TILL P-PILLER ?
VAD SJUTTON HÄNDER I VIRGINIA?
EN SOM VILL BLI VICEPRESIDENT - se upp!
VAD HÄNDE EGENTLIGEN I MAINE?
WHY IS RON PAUL SMILING?
ÄR DET DAGS FÖR BANKERNA ?


text:
Philippines to Introduce National Mobile ID Program
The Philippines will be launching a new mobile ID to supplement the rollout of its new Philippine Identification (PhilID) card. The mobile version will allow registered citizens to realize the benefits of the national ID while still waiting for their physical card to arrive in the mail.
As it stands, the Philippine Postal Corporation has delivered 1,048,255 PhilID cards throughout the country. However, millions more have already completed the registration process, and the government has indicated that people may have to wait as long as sixth months for their card once step two of that process is complete.
The government is hoping that the national ID program will help boost the Philippine economy and bring the country into the digital age. To that end, the Philippine Identification card can be presented as proof of identity to build trust during public and private interactions.
The mobile version of the ID will serve a similar purpose, and can be used to complete in-person and online transactions. Each ID will be linked to a unique PhilSys (Philippine Identification System) number, and holders will be able to share their number to verify their identity while doing business.
The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) has indicated that it will begin issuing mobile IDs sometime this year. The PSA is the agency tasked with implementing the PhilSys program, which will also make it easier for Filipino citizens to open bank accounts and gain access to various government services. In that regard, the PhilID will be accepted as sufficient proof of identity for all interactions with public agencies.
The Philippines formally embarked on its national ID program with the passage of the Philippine Identification System Act back in 2018, though the country had already started laying the groundwork for a biometric national ID program. The country has conducted biometric voter registration, and has linked people's facial biometrics to their PhilID card. FICO has also reported that there is a broader support for biometric tech amongst the general population.
Source: Philippine News Agency
Filed Under: Industry News Tagged With: Biometric, biometrics, face biometrics, Fingerprint biometrics, Mobile ID, mobile identity, national ID, national ID programs, PhilID, PhilID card, Philippine Identification card, Philippines, PhilSys
Former FPC CEO Jörgen Lantto is Now the Head of Zwipe's Board of Directors
Melissa Launches Selfie-Based Onboarding Solution
Computer Vision System Helps Suzuki Drivers See and Avoid Pedestrians

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Made from two individual gourds that are carefully chosen and fitted together. Each drum has its own distinctive markings giving it individual uniqueness .
Will NOT stand alone. Includes a natural gourd ring you can use as a stand.


This was the first time that John Crane has worked with Block Electric. We are very pleased with the results of the job .It was a fairly large project with a number of challenges and some shifting deadlines. The work was completed in the timeline dictated by our business.
However, Ifeel it's important to let you know that the key to the success of this job was Kevin Neumann. Kevin was professional from beginning to end. He exhibited total respect to our employees and work rules at John Crane. Kevin was always willing to adjust his schedule to meet the job requirements. He did a terrific job handling the day to day details and communicated any special needs well in advance.
My job would not be complete without letting you know what a pleasure it was working with Kevin on this project and hopefully additional projects in the future.
I want to take a moment to thank Block Electric for another job well done. While we are not quite 100% complete yet, I know you all have gone out of your way to get this job done right and completed on time to the best of your abilities. I especially want to recognize and praise Eric's work and diligence. I am sure this job would not be where it is at today without his expertise and leadership.
There were many obstacles on this project he had to deal with and work through to keep us on time, many others may have thrown in the towel. Once again, as with all the many projects Block Electric has done for VVSD I am extremely satisfied with the final product, completed in a timely manner. It is because of the people on your staff like Eric that makes this happen.
I want to thank Gene DePilla for doing a great job and for his special efforts on the Macy's Old Orchard project.
I wanted you to know that Joe Weiszhar has been terrific this summer, very patient, professional, and going the extra mile. The furniture installers threw us a few curveballs but he dealt with them very smoothly. Thanks for all of your prompt assistance this summer.
On behalf of Power Construction Company, LLC and specifically our management team for St. Francis Hospital, I would like to extend our thanks and offer herewith a letter of appreciation in acknowledgement of the efforts by you and your team towards the successful completion of the O/B Renovation project and the associated HVAC Code Compliance and Wood Framing Resolution projects at St. Francis Hospital.
Our subcontractors and vendors are a key participant in every step of the process. The achievement of the successful completion of this project should also be shared with every member of the team, as it is based on the cooperative and dedicated effort by each team member. We hope you are proud to be a part of this success. Thank you to Bill McGing and his crew for a job well done.
La Grange Memorial Hospital's Central Plant Project required us to go through a series of power outages that affected the majority of our inpatient units. This work was accomplished in coordination with Walsh Construction and your company. This effort was completed without problem and any consequence to the hospital and its' ability to deliver quality healthcare.
As a result, we just wanted to communicate to you, our compliments for the quality work your team provided from research to planning and execution for which we commend you. Thank you to Keith Howen and his crew.
I thought it was necessary to formally compliment Gerald Martin's performance at the Marshall Field's State Street Exterior Lighting Project. His commitment to the project and tireless work ethic exemplifies Block's dedication to a higher level of service. It was a pleasure to work with Gerald's positive attitude and upbeat personality. The project's success would not have been achieved without Gerald and the Block trades personnel. Thank you to Gerald Martin and his crew for a job well done.
I would like to take a minute to express my appreciation to you and your people. As you are aware Block Electric was awarded the contract for our UPS Replacement Projectwhich started in 2003 and ended in 2004. My responsibility as Building Operations Manager was to oversee the project for Facility Maintenance. I worked each and every day with Block Electric personnel and their subcontractors. The project went without a hitch, and your foreman, Tom Sieck, did an excellent job coordinating and completing many different aspects of the project. As a matter of fact, every MOP (Method of Procedure), was not only accomplished without a problem, each was completed ahead of the schedule.
The real reason I felt compelled to write you was your willingness to help us with a crisis that occurred on Thursday, December 23, 2004. You came here to United immediately. I asked you if it were possible to have Tom Sieck on the job. Not only did you accommodate that request, you coordinated a team of your employees and subcontractors to accomplish the transformer switch in what I regard as an unbelievable short amount of time. We were back up and running in less that 24 hours from when our transformer blew. They worked together as a team not wasting any time or effort. My compliments to Greg Gorski, Jason Carline, Mike Kriesement, and especially Tom Sieck.
One of your company's mission statements is "We dedicate ourselves to create a higher level of service which will result in what we call: CUSTOMER DELIGHT." Well here at United Airlines World Headquarters Facility Maintenance we have certainly experienced that, "Customer Delight" working with Block Electric.
(Des Plaines, IL.) – Block Electric Co., Inc. of Niles, a firm specializing in electrical contracting and communications, will be presented with an award for its safety program when the Association of Subcontractors & Affiliates (ASA Chicago) holds its 9th Annual Safety Award Evening at the Beau Jolie in Schiller Park, Illinois on Tuesday, May 4, 2004. Awards are presented to companies who have demonstrated continuing efforts in the implementation of exemplary safety programs.
"Having a safe work site is paramount to these firms, and they have demonstrated that commitment to safety by having the safest work sites among our members," said Safety Committee Chairman Mr. Bob Smith of The Levy Company. "They set an example for all subcontractors to follow." The criterion for selection is from the OSHA 300 form. ASA Chicago is presenting awards to fifty-two (52) member firms for their impeccable safety records in 2003.
the torqueing of the bolts. Jim coordinated a simple diagram of the torque of each bolt. It's somewhat seemingly unimpressive, but Jim wasn't given any specific direction and it'sjust an example how he easily and without gripe handled each and every issue to Argonne 's satisfaction. Also, I owe Jim a great amount of gratitude on that particularly because that same SME was a lot more cooperative on my projects because of Jim's level demeanor and accommodating attitude, which is not typical of that particular SME.
The quality of work performed in the field by Block electric, namely Adam Mellen, was outstanding. Any inconsistencies in the field were promptly communicated to Argonne field personnel and dealt with in a professional manner. Personally, whenever I visited and inspected the site, Adam was approachable, informative and accommodating. I don't think you have a better field tech than Adam.
I hope your team's experience for this project was a positive one for your company as well, and you can be assured I will be reaching out to Jim for any future opportunities that I come across. Thank you for putting these outstanding professionals on the project.
The Paul H. Schwendener, Inc. firm congratulates your entire organization for being honored by the Association of Subcontractors & Affiliates for an exemplary safety record during 2003. There are plenty of awards to obtain for contractors during the course of a year, but none as important as a safety acknowledgement. We applaud your results and aspire to work in the company of subcontractors that place safety as a #1 priority.
I am sending you this letter in reference to the three projects you have and still are completing for us at the Northwestern University Chicago Campus. I would just like to tell you what a pleasure it has been working with you, your company and your field personnel on these three projects. I would especially like to acknowledge your field foreman – Jim Strege, and the exceptional job he has done on these three projects. His personal attention to the overall projects schedule, job coordination, quality material installation and personnel interaction with our RBI team has consistently been outstanding.
Jim, along with your other field crew personnel has done a great job and should be complimented on his efforts. It is needless to say that their work efforts are definitely an extension of your project management. I urge you and your entire field crew(s) to keep up the great work. Thank you to Jim Strege and his crew for a job well done.
Rebuilding together volunteers rehabilitate America's low-income homes and communities. Neighbors helping neighbors, like the barn-raising of old, is the American spirit in action. Rebuilding Together was born of that spirit as people came together to help their low-income neighbors fix their houses – first in Texas, then in Washington, D.C., and then California and beyond.
On behalf of Bulley & Andrews, LLC and The Meyne Company, we would like to thank Block Electric for its generous and enthusiastic support of our "Rebuilding Together" project at 4120 W. Jackson Blvd. As I think you may realize from your involvement, the event was a tremendous success. In the matter of just one day our team was able to provide the homeowner with over $50,000 worth of renovations all of which were made possible through big-hearted contributions of time and/or materials such as the electrical services and fixtures by your firm. Designed by Ross Barney and Jankowski, the Levy Senior Center was an innovative and challenging project. The Meyne Company is proud of these prestigious awards, which serves as testament to the quality work of our respective firms and industry as a whole.
Your contributions allowed our team to make major improvements to the living conditions of the homeowner resulting in a safer and cleaner environment for her and the grandchildren she cares for. Bulley & Andrews and the homeowner, who was so grateful for the renovations to her property, will long remember your philanthropy. Thank you again for you generosity and willingness to support such a worthwhile cause." Thank you to all the employees who volunteered their time and workmanship.e Meyne Company would like to thank your firm for its role in building the Levy Senior Center; such accomplishments are the result of much hard work and a strong spirit of cooperation. Your efforts as part of a dedicated team of subcontractors were integral to the successful delivery of such a noteworthy project. We look forward to additional opportunities to work together and wish your firm continued success on future endeavors.
Thank you very much for your efforts to complete the Rush University Medical Center Atrium Marketing Center job on time. We appreciate your staff's cooperation and attention to details throughout the project.
Thank you to Mike Haines and the crew for a job well done.
I want to take this opportunity to recognize Block Electric's efforts throughout the switchgear upgrade project. The project was completed with no disruption to guests and within the allotted timeframes for each outage. We appreciated your team's dedication, which happened according to plan.
I want to specifically recognize Keith Howen and the electricians who tirelessly worked to accomplish the work within the allowed timeframes. Their efforts were critical to the success of the project.
I would like to commend Block Electric Co. for the excellent performance on our DCS replacement project at Loders-Croklaan.
In particular I would commend your employee Bill Enz and Dan Ardaugh for an excellent job. It was a great pleasure working with them and Doug Henline your Project Manager.
Turner Construction Company would like to thank Block Electric for their cooperation on wiring all the major pieces of mechanical equipment on time for both the balancer and manufacture commissioning.


With the goal of decreasing and ultimately zeroing maternal deaths in the country, national and local health programs have been implemented for this vision to materialize. Despite of the numerous programs adapted, unanticipated incidence of maternal deaths are persistent and are most common among communities were home deliveries are still happening. In order to determine local data on factors associated with facility based deliveries, a case-control study was conducted in two barangays (Upper Salug Daku and poblacion) in the Municipality of Mahayag, Zamboanga del Sur. A total of 252 respondents were identified, 84 cases and 168 controls were recruited. The following variables were identified in the two groups: Demographic, Socio-economic, and Cultural factors. There were no factors pertaining to knowledge on pregnancy as well as health services related factors that came out to be significant. Adjusted odds ratios revealed five (5) significant factors associated with increased odds of exposure among mothers giving birth in health facilities and these were: 26 to 35 years old age group, those who are married, those who are college graduate as well as those who reach college level though not able to finish it, women with only one child, and finally with perception that medical staff in health facilities are respectful. On the other hand, there were 3 factors with decreased probability of exposure among mothers who gave birth in health facilities which include: 46 to 55 age group, with perception that home delivery means lesser expenses, and lastly with perception that home delivery is a good practice. It is recommended that future interventions should address factors that came out to be significant. Programs pertaining to the promotion of facility based delivery should focus more on populations exposed to factors which came out to have decreased odds of exposure among mothers who gave birth in health facilities. Moreover, the local health system has to come up with a strengthened and focused health education on the benefits of a facility based delivery on top of the dangers and risks of home deliveries. Women exposed to factors which were identified significant in terms of increased odds of exposure among mothers who opt for facility based delivery can be helpful advocators thus zero home based deliveries can be attained in both rural and urban barangays in the Municipality of Mahayag, Zamboanga del Sur.


text:
Is Stephen Strasburg a Marketer's Dream or Nightmare?
Let's face facts: Stephen Strasburg is bigger than the Washington Nationals. Right now more people are interested in seeing Strasburg pitch than they are in watching the National's win.
While it is great for an organization to have a face that will help sell tickets and generate excitement, this one may just prove to be more of a marketing challenge than a benefit…at least in the short term. Here's why:
There are a few professional athletes who immediately come to mind whose reputations were bigger than the franchises they represented: Michael Jordan, David Beckham, Babe Ruth, Pelé, Jackie Robinson. I'm sure you can come up with a few more.
However, the primary difference between these players and Stephen Strasburg is that they played every game. Strasburg pitches once every five games. How can you build a marketing campaign that will sell tickets to all your games when your best weapon is a player who only takes the field about once a week? Do you sell "the player" or do you sell "the franchise".
Additionally, these other players had quality teams around them that helped their franchises win, giving their respective marketing departments the ability to integrate two sellable messages: "see a great player, see a great team". I don't think that the National's can be put in that classification yet. As of today, they're still in the cellar of the National League East.
We're all familiar with the aphorism, "A rising tide lifts all boats". In this case it could be applied to the Nationals; as in all likelihood, they should see some residual financial benefits from the excitement surrounding Strasburg, even when he's not playing. But if you focus your marketing messages on one marquee player, what happens to the franchise if that player begins to play poorly or worse, gets injured and is out for the season? You can't rely on the residual benefits of a franchise player who is in rehab.
About a year ago, I saw a terrific panel discussion on sports marketing that was hosted by the DC Chapter of the American Marketing Association. One of the panelists was John Guagliano, the National's VP of Marketing. In his closing remarks he said that the Nationals were selling "hope". While the comment was made half in jest, I think it was somewhat prophetic.
The Nationals now have the hottest commodity in Major League Baseball in Strasburg; the next coming in 17 year old phenom Bryce Harper, who could reach the big leagues by the ripe old age of 20; an all star third baseman in Ryan Zimmerman who is only 26 years old; and by all accounts a strong list of prospects down in the minors.
For all intents and purposes, the future does look bright for the Nationals. But the team needs to sell tickets and sponsorships…today! You can only sell "hope" for so long. At some point you have to start selling results. And so far, the Nationals haven't done that.
There is no doubt that the team is better with Strasburg on the roster, but he isn't going to sell out 81 home games when he is only playing in 16 of them.


text:
Q: Persistant login during django selenium tests Here the snippet I'm using for my end-to-end tests using selenium (i'm totally new in selenium django testing) ;
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.staticfiles.testing import StaticLiveServerTestCase
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver import WebDriver

class MyTest(StaticLiveServerTestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        super(DashboardTest, cls).setUpClass()

        cls.selenium = WebDriver()
        cls.user = User.objects.create_superuser(username=...,
                                                 password=...,
                                                 email=...)
        time.sleep(1)
        cls._login()

    @classmethod
    def _login(cls):
        cls.selenium.get(
            '%s%s' % (cls.live_server_url, '/admin/login/?next=/'))
        ...

    def test_login(self):
        self.selenium.implicitly_wait(10)
        self.assertIn(self.username,
                      self.selenium.find_element_by_class_name("fixtop").text)

    def test_go_to_dashboard(self):
        query_json, saved_entry = self._create_entry()
        self.selenium.get(
            '%s%s' % (
                self.live_server_url, '/dashboard/%d/' % saved_entry.id))
        # assert on displayed values

    def self._create_entry():
        # create an entry using form  and returns it

    def test_create(self):
        self.maxDiff = None
        query_json, saved_entry = self._create_entry()
        ... assert on displayed values

I'm noticed that between each test the login is not persistant. So i can use _login in the setUp but make my tests slower.
So how to keep persistant login between test ? What are the best practices for testing those tests  (djnago selenium tests) ?

A: Through-the-browser tests with Selenium are slow, period. They are, however, very valuable as they're the best shot you have at automating the true user experience.
You shouldn't try to write true unit tests with Selenium. Instead, use it to write one or two large functional tests. Try to capture an entire user interaction from start to finish. Then structure your test suite so that you can run your fast, non-Selenium unit tests separately, and only have to run the slow functional tests on occasion.
Your code looks fine, but in this scenario you'd combine test_go_to_dashboard and test_create into one method.

A: kevinharvey pointed me to the solution! Finally found out a way to reduce time of testing and keeping track of all tests:
I have renamed all methods starting with test.. to _test_.. and added a main method that calls each _test_ method:
def test_main(self):
    for attr in dir(self):
        # call each test and avoid recursive call
        if attr.startswith('_test_') and attr != self.test_main.__name__:
            with self.subTest("subtest %s " % attr):
                self.selenium.get(self.live_server_url)
                getattr(self, attr)()

This way, I can test (debug) individually each method :)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Is there any shutdown event at Azure function app level? I would like to do some clean up of resources (e.g. remove of subscriptions) before entirely shutting down of the Azure function app.
Is there any provider to listen to shutdown events of the host of Azure function app? I can only find the startup file for dependency injection.

A: For C# Class Library functions, Cancellation Tokens are supported but the other languages don't have anything similar AFAIK.


text:
Connected Vehicle Reports
An Integrated Perspective on the Future of Mobility
McKinsey & Company (October 2016)
The mobility systems of the future are likely to be very different from what exists in most of the world today. The individual traveler is at the heart of this evolution, so consumers will need to be open to adopting new technologies and services. However, both the public and private sectors will have roles to play in paving the way.
Monetizing Car Data
McKinsey & Company, September 2016
Cars generate data about how they are used, where they are, and who is behind the wheel. With greater proliferation of shared mobility, progress in powertrain electrification, car autonomy, and vehicle connectivity, the amount of data from vehicles will grow exponentially, raising a key question: How might industry players in the evolving automotive ecosystem turn car-generated data into valuable products and services?
Creating a Unique and Secure Connected Vehicle Experience
A Platform for the Connected Vehicle
With more competition than ever before, automotive manufacturers are focused on creating a "best-in-class" ownership experience for consumers who purchase or lease their vehicles. The goal: greater customer satisfaction… which in turn leads to greater customer brand loyalty.
Shared Mobility: Innovation for Liveable Cities
International Transport Forum (2015)
This report investigates one particular scenario that evidence suggests could occur: the large-scale deployment of shared vehicle fleets that provide on-demand transport.
Automated and Autonomous Driving – Regulation Under Uncertainty
This report explores the strategic issues that will have to be considered by authorities as more fully automated and ultimately autonomous vehicles arrive on our streets and roads.
Performance and Disruption: A Perspective on the Automotive Supplier Landscape and Major Technology Trends
McKinsey Advanced Industries (March 2016)
McKinsey research into the performance of the global top 100 automotive suppliers reveals that automotive suppliers have reached the highest profitability level of the last decade with average profits of almost 7 percent in 2013 and 2014.
Automotive Revolution – Perspective Towards 2030
McKinsey Advanced Industries (January 2016)
Today's economies are dramatically changing, triggered by development in emerging markets, the accelerated rise of new technologies, sustainability policies, and changing consumer preferences around ownership. Digitization and new business models have revolutionized other industries, and automotive will be no exception.
Competing for the Connected Customer
Based on extensive consumer and executive surveys across three geographies (Asia, Europe, and North America), McKinsey outlines the impact of connectivity and automation on the automotive industry, and discuss potential strategies for automotive industry incumbents and newcomers alike.
Car Data: Paving the Way to Value-Creating Mobility
The expected growth of the value pool from car data and shared mobility could add up to more than USD 1.5 trillion by 2030. New players are entering this competitive arena, as these companies are familiar with collecting enormous amounts of data, processing them, combining them with different sources, and deploying features and services that customers are willing to pay for.
Mobility of the Future: Opportunities for Automotive OEMs
McKinsey Advanced Industries (February 2012)
With empirical support from new market research out of Germany, McKinsey both identified consumer behavior patterns, and based on the results, highlights demands which will be key for the automotive industry in the next decades.


Read why our patients love Dr. Rolfson and his team!
"I want to take out time to talk about how amazing Matt has been to our family. I have been with him for over a decade, and my daughter Gabi chipped her tooth this past July 4th. Gabi was in horrible pain and the ER could do nothing for her. I called Dr. Rolfson at 2am, and he promptly returned my call, and opened up his office on a national holiday to fix Gabi's tooth. Not only did she make it to her scheduled wedding, but the work he did was perfect, down to the color match! Thanks Dr. Rolfson!"
"We love going to Dr. Rolfson. We have been going since we moved to Castle Rock years ago and we bring our whole family! The staff is wonderful and the experience and expertise is priceless. Several years back, through an xray - they spotted a benign tumor in my jaw that could have caused severe nerve damage if not removed. I was so grateful for this discovery so I could have it removed. Couldn't imagine being anywhere else for all our dental needs!"
"Best place ever! Dr. Rolfson and his crew have nothing but customer service in mind! Very easy going and fast! Thanks Castle Pines Dental Care. You have a customer for life!"
"I have been with Dr. Roflson for quite a while. Great guy and his staff is always great as well. He is soft spoken and easy going. If you like a dentist with such qualities, I suggest you see him."


text:
Dentiovula parvita is a species of sea snail in the family Ovulidae, the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries.

References

Ovulidae
Gastropods described in 1974

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The European Week of Languages at Heathcote School was once again a triumph last week, with the celebration of the European Day of Languages on the 26th of September.
We played European music from a different country in the canteen at breaktime and lunchtime each day.
We also provided tutors with activities for each day - sign languages included - together with a Quiz Competition for pupils in Year 7 and Year 8. The winners will be announced next week.
We are happy to say that everyone enjoyed the event and joined in to make it such a success, it was nice to bring the whole school together by being proud of our diversity!
We would like to thank the new catering team in the canteen as well as Garry (from the Music department)…and especially the staff who dressed up that week to win the hamper, we will reveal who was the lucky recipient later!


The PACE Standing Committee meets in Sarajevo on 22 May, ahead of Bosnia and Herzegovina's six-month chairmanship of the Council of Europe.
The parliamentarians will hold an exchange of views with Foreign Minister Igor Crnadak on his country's priorities, and are also due to debate children's rights, the criminalisation of irregular migrants and cultural heritage in crisis situations.
They will also decide on the allocation of additional seats in the Assembly to Turkey.


text:
Q: DXF converter in UWP I need a DXF converter for my UWP. The library can be paid, it does not matter. Have you used a DXF converter with UWP before?
I want to convert DXF to PDF or Image.
Thank you.

A: You can easily google it.
I found CadLib 4.0 DWG DXF .NET Library
Please be sure that it works for UWP as description has all the major .NET project platform but no UWP.
You can read details in this SO question.


Medical Marijuana Inc. offers CBD tincture and CBD hemp oil supplements from top brands such as Real Scientific Hemp Oil™ and Dixie Botanicals®. Our high-quality cannabidiol products are available for online purchase in convenient CBD tincture and bottled liquid form.
CBD oil tinctures provide award-winning hemp CBD oil in a convenient liquid form.
A CBD tincture is a liquid extract that combines hemp-derived cannabidiol (CBD) and vegetable glycerin, ethanol, or medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil. Tincture oils are typically administered by dropping underneath the tongue, so many products are also sweetened or infused with natural flavors for a more enjoyable supplementing experience. A CBD tincture typically comes in 1-ounce and 2-ounce bottles and features a dropper or pump top to make administration easy.
Providing between 1.66-10.5 mg of CBD per serving, CBD tinctures offer the lowest CBD concentration of CBD oil supplements, making them a popular choice for those just starting out with CBD as well as experienced consumers. CBD tinctures offer an approachable and affordable way to get introduced to cannabidiol and its natural balancing benefits. Experienced users tend to appreciate the level of portability, versatility, and reliability that CBD drops can offer.
Our CBD hemp oils are also available in bottled liquid form in larger sizes 4 oz and 8 oz bottles featuring higher CBD concentrations, between 31-78 mg. They can be taken on their own or mixed into your favorite foods and beverages.
CBD Liquids blend our award-winning Real Scientific Hemp Oil™ (RSHO™) CBD Hemp Oil with sustainable medium chain triglyceride, or MCT oil, from wholesome coconut oil. Besides being a wonderful source of healthy fatty acids, MCT oil helps boost CBD absorption into the body.
What are the Benefits of CBD Oil Tinctures?
These and many more functions are kept in balance, despite outside factors, because of the endocannabinoid system. A healthy endocannabinoid system is crucial for the body to perform at its best.
The cannabidiol found in our CBD tincture interacts with cannabinoid receptors throughout the body, stimulating the endocannabinoid system and making it more active so that it can better keep the body in homeostasis.
Administered under the tongue: For fast absorption, these cannabidiol extracts can be placed and held under the tongue for 60-90 seconds and then swallowed. Tinctures are available specifically to help administer CBD in the mouth, where they will absorb quickly through the mucous membranes under the tongue.
Swallowed on their own: When you swallow to ingest CBD tinctures and CBD liquids, the CBD passes through your digestive tract before being delivered to your bloodstream.
Added to foods and beverages: CBD tinctures in particular blend well with any prepared food or beverage, such as smoothies, soups, and salad dressings. Our bottled liquid products include organic coconut oil and are considered an excellent source of healthy fatty acids.
There is reason to believe that taking your RSHO™ tincture with food may increase its efficacy. A study on a sprayable cannabinoid product that was absorbed first sublingually and then in the digestive tract after being swallowed demonstrated the positive effects of eating before taking a CBD supplement. Results of the study showed that bioavailability was 4-fold higher for CBD when taken after a meal.
Medical Marijuana, Inc. offers CBD oil tinctures from top brands, including Real Scientific Hemp Oil™ (RSHO™) and Dixie Botanicals®. Each are packaged in an amber glass jar for optimal preservation.
Our tincture oil products come in 1-ounce and 2-ounce bottles with droppers and offer the lowest CBD concentration among our liquid based products. If you are looking for products with the highest CBD concentration, we offer pure CBD tincture products with easy-to-use oral applicators.
Real Scientific Hemp Oil™ (RSHO™) Blue Label tincture: Our CBD tincture from RSHO™ combines our decarboxylated CBD oil with sustainable medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil from coconut oil, a great source of fatty acids.
Dixie Botanicals® Dew Drop tinctures: Blending our CBD oil with sunflower lecithin, Dew Drop tinctures are vegan and soy-free. These popular low dose tinctures come in a variety of flavor options, including cinnamon, peppermint, and natural.
Our popular RSHO™ Liquids combine award-winning CBD hemp oil with medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, providing high concentrations of CBD plus essential vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids. RSHO™ Liquid comes in three Label options: Green, Blue, and Gold. Each 4-ounce bottle provides 31 mg of CBD per serving, a total of 1000 mg per bottle.
RSHO™ Green Label: Our Green Label Liquid contains unadulterated, raw hemp oil extracted straight from the hemp plant. Having not undergone any filtration or decarboxylation process, Green Label is naturally higher in cannabidiolic acid (CBDa) and contains many other essential vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, and the other natural components of hemp.
RSHO™ Blue Label: Blue Label Liquid contains hemp oil that is decarboxylated, a heating process that converts the CBDa in raw hemp oil into active CBD to increase the oil's CBD content. Blue Label retains hemp's valuable chlorophyll, dietary nutrients, and other plant materials.
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Why Choose CBD Oil Tinctures?
Whether you're new to CBD or have been supplementing with the cannabinoid for years, CBD tinctures are a popular choice because of their versatility and convenience.
Adjustable serving sizes: CBD tinctures and liquids allow you to measure out custom serving sizes to meet your personal CBD needs, unlike premeasured CBD supplements.
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Affordability: Tincture oil and liquid products are generally the most affordable CBD supplement option. They're also often ideal for those who are new to cannabidiol and would prefer to begin with a lower concentration CBD product.
Better absorption: Our CBD liquids and some CBD tinctures are made with MCT oil, which serves as a carrier for CBD. This allows a greater percentage of cannabidiol to reach the bloodstream, and more quickly.
Shelf stable: There is no refrigeration needed with CBD tincture and liquid products, so you can store them wherever is most convenient -- in your medicine cabinet, on your nightstand, or in a desk drawer at work.. They are also portable and will not spoil if they are brought on trips.
Flavored: CBD tinctures come in various all-natural flavors, perfect for those looking to avoid the natural grassy flavor of hemp oil.
The award-winning CBD oil found in our tinctures is extracted from specially identified cultivars of hemp, which yield more CBD than most hemp plants. Our non-GMO hemp is sustainably grown on family farms in European microclimates without the use of pesticides, herbicides, or chemical fertilizers. It's processed and tested for contaminants and purity in state-of-the-art labs.
CBD is non-intoxicating, meaning it won't cause any euphoric effects.
Learn even more facts about CBD and how to use CBD to promote wellness through our CBD Oil: The Basics page.


Madonna's career in pop culture has been a long and successful one. Few artistes have been able to reach the heights as the Material Girl did and continue to rock the stages during her tours across the world. Ever since her self-titled debut in 1983, the talented Madonna has never gone more than four years without an album. The pop superstar is turning 60 today, and with such an illustrious career, we hope her life story will be the kind which she will Live to Tell in the years to come.


text:
layout: post
title:  "Logtash 5.0 配置文件解析"
date:   2017-06-13
categories: logstash
tags: logstash config
---

* content
{:toc}

logstash 一个ELK架构中,专门用来进行接受数据进行处理,可以和很好的扩展节点

官网:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/5.2/index.html

logstash安装很简单,推荐使用tar包下载,解压

## logstash.yml

	//配置文件,以英文为准
	# Settings file in YAML
	#
	# Settings can be specified either in hierarchical form, e.g.:
	#
	#   pipeline:
	#     batch:
	#       size: 125
	#       delay: 5
	#
	# Or as flat keys:
	#
	#   pipeline.batch.size: 125
	#   pipeline.batch.delay: 5
	#
	# ------------  Node identity ------------
	#
	# Use a descriptive name for the node:
	#
	//节点名称
	 node.name: dev211133
	#
	# If omitted the node name will default to the machine's host name
	#
	# ------------ Data path ------------------
	#
	# Which directory should be used by logstash and its plugins
	# for any persistent needs. Defaults to LOGSTASH_HOME/data
	#
	//数据存储路径
	 path.data: /data/logstash/data
	#
	# ------------ Pipeline Settings --------------
	#
	# Set the number of workers that will, in parallel, execute the filters+outputs
	# stage of the pipeline.
	#
	# This defaults to the number of the host's CPU cores.
	#
	//输出通道的工作workers数据量(提升输出效率)
	 pipeline.workers: 8
	#
	# How many workers should be used per output plugin instance
	#
	//每个输出插件的工作wokers数量
	# pipeline.output.workers: 1
	#
	# How many events to retrieve from inputs before sending to filters+workers
	#
	//每次input数量
	 pipeline.batch.size: 4000
	#
	# How long to wait before dispatching an undersized batch to filters+workers
	# Value is in milliseconds.
	#
	# pipeline.batch.delay: 5
	#
	# Force Logstash to exit during shutdown even if there are still inflight
	# events in memory. By default, logstash will refuse to quit until all
	# received events have been pushed to the outputs.
	#
	# WARNING: enabling this can lead to data loss during shutdown
	#
	# pipeline.unsafe_shutdown: false
	#
	# ------------ Pipeline Configuration Settings --------------
	#
	# Where to fetch the pipeline configuration for the main pipeline
	#
	//过滤配置文件目录
	 path.config: /opt/logstash/config/conf.d
	#
	# Pipeline configuration string for the main pipeline
	#
	# config.string:
	#
	# At startup, test if the configuration is valid and exit (dry run)
	#
	# config.test_and_exit: false
	#
	# Periodically check if the configuration has changed and reload the pipeline
	# This can also be triggered manually through the SIGHUP signal
	#
	//自动从新加载被修改配置
	# config.reload.automatic: false
	#
	# How often to check if the pipeline configuration has changed (in seconds)
	#
	//配置文件检查时间
	# config.reload.interval: 3
	#
	# Show fully compiled configuration as debug log message
	# NOTE: --log.level must be 'debug'
	#
	//开始debug日志
	# config.debug: false
	#
	# ------------ Metrics Settings --------------
	#
	# Bind address for the metrics REST endpoint
	#
	//绑定主机地址,用户指标收集
	 http.host: "192.168.211.133"
	#
	# Bind port for the metrics REST endpoint, this option also accept a range
	# (9600-9700) and logstash will pick up the first available ports.
	#
	//绑定端口
	 http.port: 5000-9700
	#
	# ------------ Debugging Settings --------------
	#
	# Options for log.level:
	#   * fatal
	#   * error
	#   * warn
	#   * info (default)
	#   * debug
	#   * trace
	#
	//日志输出级别和路径,如果config.debug开启,这里一定要是debug日志
	 log.level: info
	 path.logs: /data/logstash/logs
	#
	# ------------ Other Settings --------------
	#
	# Where to find custom plugins
	//自定义插件
	# path.plugins: []

## startup.options

	################################################################################启动配置,以英文为准
	# These settings are ONLY used by $LS_HOME/bin/system-install to create a custom
	# startup script for Logstash.  It should automagically use the init system
	# (systemd, upstart, sysv, etc.) that your Linux distribution uses.
	#
	# After changing anything here, you need to re-run $LS_HOME/bin/system-install
	# as root to push the changes to the init script.
	################################################################################

	# Override Java location
	#本地jdk
	JAVACMD=/usr/bin/java

	# Set a home directory
	#logstash所在目录
	LS_HOME=/opt/logstash

	# logstash settings directory, the path which contains logstash.yml
	#默认logstash配置文件目录
	LS_SETTINGS_DIR="${LS_HOME}/config"

	# Arguments to pass to logstash
	#logstash启动命令参数 指定配置文件目录
	LS_OPTS="--path.settings ${LS_SETTINGS_DIR}"

	# Arguments to pass to java
	#指定jdk目录
	#LS_JAVA_OPTS=""

	# pidfiles aren't used the same way for upstart and systemd; this is for sysv users.
	#logstash.pid所在目录
	LS_PIDFILE=/var/run/logstash.pid

	# user and group id to be invoked as
	#logstash启动组和用户
	LS_USER=logstash
	LS_GROUP=logstash

	# Enable GC logging by uncommenting the appropriate lines in the GC logging
	# section in jvm.options
	#logstash jvm gc日志路径
	LS_GC_LOG_FILE=/var/log/logstash/gc.log

	# Open file limit
	#logstash最多打开监控文件数量
	LS_OPEN_FILES=65534

	# Nice level
	LS_NICE=19

	# Change these to have the init script named and described differently
	# This is useful when running multiple instances of Logstash on the same
	# physical box or vm
	#初始化脚本和描述名称
	SERVICE_NAME="logstash"
	SERVICE_DESCRIPTION="logstash"

	# If you need to run a command or script before launching Logstash, put it
	# between the lines beginning with `read` and `EOM`, and uncomment those lines.
	###
	## read -r -d '' PRESTART << EOM
	## EOM

## 集成的插件配置,数据处理

logstash加载配置是循序加载

### 100-input.conf

输入插件

	input {
	    kafka {
	        bootstrap_servers => "172.25.156.113:9092,172.25.156.114:9092,172.25.156.115:9092"
	        group_id => "clio-consr-weba-go1"#consumergroup
	        topics => ["test-webaccess"]#topic
	        session_timeout_ms => "60000"#session超时
	        request_timeout_ms => "180000"#request超时
	        max_poll_records => "500"
	        check_crcs => "true"
	        codec => "json"
	        decorate_events => true#输出kafka信息
	        consumer_threads => 3#消费的线程,根据threads*workers*服务器数量=partition
	        add_field => {
	         "processor_host" => "172.25.156.74"
	        }
	    }
	}

### 200-initialize-filter.conf

初始化配置

	filter {
	    mutate {
	        add_tag => [ "invalid" ] #添加invaild标签
	        add_field => [ "receive" , "%{[@timestamp]}" ]#将filebeat带过来的timestamp赋值给receive
	    }
	    ruby {
	        init => "require 'time'"
	        code => "event.set('processor_timestamp' , Time.now());event.set('lag' , Time.now().to_i-event.get('@timestamp').to_i)"#ruby计算时间差,进入logstash时间- filebeat抓取日志时间
	    }
	#进行kafka.topic判断,如果是app是audit,topic赋值为test-audit,、
	#后面输入到es会根据topic 生成索引
	    if [kafka][topic] == "test-business" {
	        if [app] == "audit" {
	            mutate {
	                update => { "[kafka][topic]" => "test-audit" }
	            }
	        }  else {
	            mutate {
	                remove_tag => [ "invalid" ]#删除invalid标签
	            }
	        }
	    }

	   #
	    if [kafka][topic] == "system-logstash" {
	       mutate {
	          remove_tag => [ "invalid" ]
	        }
	    }
	}

### 210-webaccess-filter.conf

apache日志接受处理

	#apache日志过滤
	filter {
	    if [kafka][topic] == "test-webaccess" {
	        grok {
	#根据apache日志格式解析
	            match => { "message" => "\"%{DATA:xforward}\" %{COMBINEDAPACHELOG} (?:%{NUMBER:duration:float}) (?:%{DATA:domain}) \"(?:%{DATA:protocol}|)\" \"(?:%{DATA:rawurlpath})\" \"(?:%{DATA:rawurlquery}|)\" (?:%{DATA:method}) (?:%{NUMBER:ibytes:int}) (?:%{NUMBER:obytes:int}) \"(?:%{DATA:uleck}|)\"" }
	        }
	        date {
	#格式化时间戳
	            match => [ "timestamp" , "dd/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z" ]
	        }
	        mutate {
	#删除timestamp字段和invalid标签
	            remove_field => [ "timestamp" ]
	            remove_tag => [ "invalid" ]
	        }
	    }

	}

### 211-audit-filter.conf

审计日志处理

	filter {
	    if [kafka][topic] == "test-audit" {
	        grok {
	#格式化日志信息
	            match => { "message" => "%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:timestamp}" }
	        }
	        date {
	#格式化时间戳
	            match => [ "timestamp" , "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS" , "ISO8601" ]
	        }
	        mutate {
	#删除invalid标签
	            remove_tag => [ "invalid" ]
	        }
	    }
	}

### 299-common-filter.conf

数据处理完成后的通用过滤

	filter {
	#判断浏览器agent,进行解析
	    if [agent] and [agent] != "-" and [agent] != "" {
	        useragent {
	            source => "agent"
	            prefix => "UA-"
	        }
	    }
	#如果有timestamp字段,则删除
	    if [timestamp] {
	        mutate {
	            remove_field => ["timestamp"]
	        }
	    }
	}

### 300-elasticsearch-output.conf

输出插件,一般都是输出到es中,当然也可以输出到redis,kafka中,具体官网上查询

	output {
	#如果标签为invalid,不进行输出到es
	  if "invalid" not in [tags]  {
	#如果topic是system-logstash生成是索引是按月来的
	      if [kafka][topic] == "system-logstash" {
	        elasticsearch {
	           hosts => ["172.25.156.62:9202","172.25.156.66:9202"]#es服务器
	           index => "%{[kafka][topic]}-%{+YYYY.MM}"#指定索引格式
	           document_type => "%{[type]}"#文档类型
	           flush_size => 5000#缓存数量
	          }
	      } else {
	#生成索引按天来
	         elasticsearch {
	           hosts => ["172.25.156.62:9202","172.25.156.66:9202"]
	           index => "%{[kafka][topic]}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
	           document_type => "%{[type]}"
	           flush_size => 5000
	          }
	      }
	    }
	}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Maintaining your car plays an essential part in its safety. Radio Exe has teamed up with Riverside Motors, a Bosch Car Service Garage, to make sure your car is a safe and healthy car.
Come and see us at Otter Nurseries, Ottery St Mary this Saturday (3rd October) between 11 & 2 for a cupcake as well as your chance to win a free major service, a Bosch Tassimo Coffee Maker, Otter Nurseries Gift Vouchers plus some Bosch Toys for the kids in the free prize draw.
Your local Bosch Car Service Garage supports the work of the charity BEN.


Writings in the fields of philosophy, political science, and social thought.
Was Karl Marx Right About the Future of Capitalism?
Over 200 years after his birth, let us reflect on the challenges which Marx predicted would curse the future of capitalism – and why such predictions have or haven't come true. In the process, we shall hopefully begin to understand, not only the intricate mind of Karl Marx but strengths and weaknesses of the capitalist system itself.
The last century of rapid global development has led to perhaps the defining challenge of the 21st Century; how interconnected can our society become before human nature intervenes?