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WATER EXTREMES: TOO LITTLE; TOO MUCH; TOO SLOW; TOO FAST
March 16, 2014 • Leave a Comment
The marks of water, and its absence shape the story of human presence in the desert. I have lived in the desert for more than forty years, having been converted to desiccation.
In the desert I suffer from "rain hunger" nearly all the time. When a moisture-laden front makes it over the mountains, it is a gift from the gods, a time for a celebratory walk through puddles. In the Iranian desert, the Sarhad, where my Peace Corps site of Khash is located, it rained once in two years while I was there. It was not much but all the children had umbrellas, which immediately appeared for the short downpour.
Rain on Windshield - North of Osdick, CA - 2010KCET Artbound - High & Dry - Water Extremes: Too Little; Too Much; Too Slow; Too Fast - July 7, 2014
Rain on Windshield - North of Randsburg, CA - 2010
The desert suffers from extremes: too little; too much; too slow; too fast. In my hometown of Lone Pine, the summer forecast is hot day after day. The rainiest month is in the winter, often February. However the most exciting rains come in August, or sometimes July, when the monsoonal flows out of Mexico sweep across the dry valleys, filling the air with moisture. We wait for the giant thunderheads, glowing and pulsing with electricity like great translucent jellyfish in the ancient seas that once covered these lands. They pulse and glow over the Inyo Mountains to the east towards Death Valley and the high desert beyond.
The towering cumulonimbus move in, first with the cold winds that sweep down in front of the storm, then with intensifying thunder and finally a downpour that comes in sheets of driving rain. All hell breaks loose in a release from the persistent waiting for the rains that have taken several summer months to arrive.
Thunderstorm Gathering at Sunset - Trona, CA - 2010Infrared Exposure
Thunderstorm Gathering at Sunset - Infrared Exposure - Trona, CA - 2010 (photographer about to get drenched)
The thunder shakes everything in front of it. The rain pounds like a stampede of racing feet ever harder and faster. I rush out to see the storm, feel the icy rain on my face. Quickly I am soaked to the skin. Later I stand mesmerized at the front window as the storm obscures the landscape to the east in veils of rain.
Slowly the storm abates. The land falls into a satiated peace. Now the land smells sweet and perfumed, by the wet sage and the more bitter rabbit brush, and invasive Russian thistle. The air has cooled significantly, and there will be a good night's sleep.
Two storms from the past come to mind. First there was the microburst that came on a July afternoon. It had been sultry all day, pregnant with promise, yet still as death. The sky darkened and the heavens let loose an explosion of water for half an hour. Three inches of rain, more than half a year's worth, fell in that thirty minutes. The paved areas gave up the rush. Patios regurgitated water though sliding doors into living rooms. Desert highways flooded with brown water. Large arroyos were cut across the desert as water flowed downhill picking through the hillocks. Those marks are still there. The highway gagged and choked, and silt and boulders were left behind. These are called "debris flows."
What was startling was that if you went a mile north or south of town, it was more like half an inch of rain. Go further and it was dry.
One time a woman drove on the dry Highway 395 as a flash flood built up in the canyons above. The debris flow swept across the pavement without warning. They found her car rolled over and over about 400 hundred feet beyond the pavement, her drowned and abraded body even further away on dry sand.
Twin Trucks Heading South Towards Storm - Owens Valley, CA - 2013Infrared Exposure - CA Highway 395
Twin Trucks Heading South on Highway 395 Towards Storm - Infrared Exposure - Owens Valley, CA - 2013
The desert here suffers from flash brush fires that sweep across the land burning the resin ripe desert plants with brilliant heat. Just after the 4th of July, the Inyo County seat of Independence suffered from one of these fires. Driven by the winds, desultory in their direction, what appeared a controlled fire suddenly raced drunkenly across the landscape. The result was a barren land burned to black ash, hidden roots, and unanchored sandy soil. Add a summer downpour high in the Sierra and it is a recipe for disaster.
A year later, almost to the day, a microburst of clouds shedding tropical water became trapped in a canyon of the Sierra just west of town. A giant wall of water, dirt and boulders rushed down Ask Creek where there were many cabins and houses. Fifteen houses disappeared or were filled with silt waist high. No one drowned although one resident was rolled a while in the cavorting water. The scars remain still from the flash flood that swept across the highway.
Matching the rain that vents its anger against the desert landscape is the rain that doesn't fall to earth. This is virga. It is rain falling in sheets or lines that evaporate before hitting the surface of the earth. Above the virga there is a dark bellied cumulus cloud. Rolling thunder and a flash of lightning announces the forming of virga, but it also comes without a grand entrance.
Virga has a cold heart, often beginning at high altitudes as ice crystals. The falling to earth begins slowly as these crystals slide into thickening air. Compression heating of the air first melts the ice crystals then evaporates them into vapor.
Desert water has many secrets. Most people who die in the desert suffer and die of dehydration. That is the harsh story of the desert water, and its absence. Mary Austin wrote, "To underestimate one's thirst, to pass a given landmark to the right or left, to find a dry spring where one looked for running water - there is no help for any of these things."
We'll tell that tale another day.
-C.L.
Sign of Our Time - Trona, CA - 2012
Rainbow After Cloud Front Passes Without Significant Precipitation - Trona, CA - 2012
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~ The Futility of Anti-Semitism ~
As has been shown, the true roots of anti-Semitism are found in the spiritual realm, not the natural. Specifically, they are found in Satan's desire to thwart the ascendancy of Messiah - firstly, because it his long-time desire to usurp the throne and authority of God (Isaiah 14:12-14; 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4), and secondarily, to prevent his final and permanent demise and confinement in the Lake of Fire (Isaiah 14:15; Revelation 19:20, 20:1-3,10).
If Satan were able to destroy the Jewish people before the cross, prophecies concerning the first coming could never have been fulfilled. What this means is that Christ would never have been born, die for sin, defeat Satan, or be resurrected and seated at the right hand of the throne of God. Having failed to destroy the Jews before the cross, Satan has been unceasingly attempting to prevent Israel's national salvation. If he could do that, second coming prophecies could never be fulfilled. What this means is that Christ could not return, cast him into the Abyss for a thousand years, and then into the Lake of Fire for eternity (Hosea 5:15; Matthew 23:39; Revelation 20:2-3,10).
This study will demonstrate the futility of Satan's attempt to achieve his goals through anti-Semitic means whether applied directly, as in his provocation of David to number Israel (1 Chronicles 21:1), or through the agency of people and nations. Inasmuch as Satan often employs people and nations as his agents, the human goals of anti-Semitism will also necessarily be thwarted; and inasmuch as human anti-Semitic acts are motivated by Satan, the human goals of anti-Semitism are ultimately the same as his: They do not want God in their lives, but desire to be god of their own destinies and avoid accountability for their actions. Edward H. Flannery's assessment, presented previously, captures it in a nutshell:
It was Judaism that brought the concept of a God-given universal moral law into the world...the Jew carries the burden of God in history and for this he has never been forgiven.1
The ultimate conjunction of satanic and human goals is seen in the rise of the anti-Christ, the worship of him by the masses, and their combined effort to destroy Israel once and for all. (Revelation 12:1-17; 13:3-8)
I. The Futility of Anti-Semitism
A. It is Futile to Attempt to Destroy the Jewish People
Plainly and simply, Scripture declares that Israel will never be destroyed.
"For just as the new heavens and the new earth which I make will endure before Me," declares the LORD, "so your offspring and your name will endure." (Isaiah 66:22)
35. Thus says the LORD, who gives the sun for light by day and the fixed order of the moon and the stars for light by night, Who stirs up the sea so that its waves roar; The LORD of hosts is His name: 36. "If this fixed order departs from before Me," declares the LORD, "then the offspring of Israel also will cease from being a nation before Me forever." 37. Thus says the LORD, "If the heavens above can be measured and the foundations of the earth searched out below, then I will also cast off all the offspring of Israel for all that they have done," declares the LORD.
25. Thus says the LORD, "If My covenant for day and night stand not, and the fixed patterns of heaven and earth I have not established, 26. then I would reject the descendants of Jacob and David My servant, not taking from his descendants rulers over the descendants of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. But I will restore their fortunes and will have mercy on them."
For I, the LORD, do not change; therefore you, o sons of Jacob, are not consumed. (Malachi 3:6)
With these passages, God has made it known unequivocally that He will never ever allow Israel to cease from being a nation before [Him] forever.
For this purpose and for every other purpose and plan that He has for her, God will be ever vigilant: Behold, He who keeps Israel will neither slumber nor sleep (Psalm 121:4). The Hebrew for keeps is shamar, which means to guard, to protect. With a Guardian like God, and with such promises as these, we can be assured that Israel will never be destroyed.
To illustrate the guardianship of God over Israel, let us view the unique phenomenon of Jewish survival by considering these observations, all by non-Jews:
If the statistics are right, the Jews constitute but one quarter of one percent of the human race. It suggests a nebulous puff of star dust lost in the blaze of the Milky Way. Properly, the Jew ought hardly to be heard of, but he is heard of, has always been heard of. He is as prominent on the planet as any other people, and his importance is extravagantly out of proportion to the smallness of his bulk.
His contributions to the world's list of great names in literature, science, art, music, finance, medicine and abstruse learning are also very out of proportion to the weakness of his numbers. He has made a marvelous fight in this world in all ages; and has done it with his hands tied behind him. He could be vain of himself and be excused for it. The Egyptians, the Babylonians and the Persians rose, filled the planet with sound and splendor, then faded to dream-stuff and passed away; the Greeks and Romans followed and made a vast noise, and they were gone; other people have sprung up and held their torch high for a time but it burned out, and they sit in twilight now, and have vanished.
The Jew saw them all, survived them all, and is now what he always was, exhibiting no decadence, no infirmities of age, no weakening of his parts, no slowing of his energies, no dulling of his alert but aggressive mind. All things are mortal but the Jews; all other forces pass, but he remains. What is the secret of his immortality?2
~ Mark Twain, 1897 ~
By all reckoning, the Jews should have died out long ago. Their survival as a distinct people is a miracle of history. . . .
You cannot talk to a Babylonian today, nor a Hittite. You will not meet a Moabite or a Phoenecian on the street. But you can converse with a Jew.
By every measuring stick of history there should not be even one identifiable Jew alive today. For 4,000 years they have endured unbelievable hardships: exile from their land more than 60 per cent of the time; organized efforts to destroy them; the crumbling of the civilizations in which they sought refuge; the sophisticated brutality of the 20th century. Yet the Jews are alive and flourishing. They survive every effort to destroy them.3
~ David Egner, The Radio Bible Class ~
The Jews have played an all-important role in history. They are pre-eminently an historical people and their destiny reflects the indestructibility of the divine decrees. Their destiny is too imbued with the 'metaphysical' to be explained either in material or positive-historical terms.
I remember how the materialist interpretation of history, when I attempted in my youth to verify it by applying it to the destiny of peoples, broke down in the case of the Jews, where destiny seemed absolutely inexplicable from the materialistic standpoint. And indeed, according to the materialistic and positive criterion, this people ought long ago to have perished.
It's survival is a mysterious and wonderful phenomenon demonstrating that the life of that people is governed by a special predetermination, transcending the process of adaptation expounded by the materialistic interpretation of history.
The survival of the Jews, their resistance to destruction, their endurance under absolutely peculiar conditions and the fateful role played by them in history; all these point to the particular and mysterious foundations of their destiny.4
~ Nicolai Berdyaev ~
"By every measuring stick of history there should not be even one identifiable Jew alive today." "What is the secret of his immortality?" Berdyaev answered correctly: "Their destiny reflects the indestructibility of the divine decrees." Specifically, I might add, God's unequivocal and unbreakable promises to sustain them.
B. It is Futile to Try to Prevent the Salvation of the Jewish People
The multitude of ways that Satan has tried to prevent the salvation of Israel include:
pre-cross attempts to kill Jesus (Matthew 2:16; 26:3-4; Luke 4:28-30; John 8:59; 10:31);
the rejection of Jesus' messiahship by Jewish leaders from the time of Jesus until today;
the denial of the Jewish identity of believing Jews by rabbis;
the denial of the Jewish identity of non-believing Jews by Christian theologians;
the claim by Christian theologians that believing Gentiles are Jews;
the teaching that Israel has been rejected by God and that the church has replaced Israel as God's covenant people;
the claim that the church is the true Israel, the New Israel, or the Israel of God;
making the Gospel odious to them by means of persecution by professing Christians;
attempts to annihilate them;
the repudiation of evangelism to the Jews so as not to offend them; or because they are spiritually blind (on the basis of 2 Corinthians 3:13-16, though the passage itself says that whenever a person turns to the Lord, the veil is taken away); or because they have fallen out of favor with God and He has rejected them; or because they already are in a favored position before God.
Notwithstanding all of Satan's schemes, preventing the national salvation of Israel is likewise impossible, as God has covenanted with Israel that He will save her.
31. "Behold, days are coming," declares the LORD, "when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah, 32. not like the covenant which I made with their fathers in the day I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant which they broke, although I was a husband to them," declares the LORD. 33. "But this is the covenant which I will make with the house of Israel after those days," declares the LORD, "I will put My law within them and on their heart I will write it; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people. 34. "They will not teach again, each man his neighbor and each man his brother, saying, 'Know the LORD,' for they will all know Me, from the least of them to the greatest of them," declares the LORD, "for I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin I will remember no more."
The fulfillment of this new covenant will take place at the end of the Tribulation period:
8. "It will come about in all the land," declares the LORD, "that two parts in it will be cut off and perish; but the third will be left in it. 9. And I will bring the third part through the fire, refine them as silver is refined, and test them as gold is tested. They will call on My name, And I will answer them; I will say, 'They are My people,' and they will say, 'The LORD is my God.'"
~ Zechariah 13:8-9 ~
In that day a fountain will be opened for the house of David and for the inhabitants of Jerusalem, for sin and for impurity. (Zechariah 13:1)
Thus the words of Paul will come to pass:
26. and so all Israel will be saved; just as it is written, "THE DELIVERER WILL COME FROM ZION, HE WILL REMOVE UNGODLINESS FROM JACOB." 27. "THIS IS MY COVENANT WITH THEM, WHEN I TAKE AWAY THEIR SINS."
~ Romans 11:26-27 ~
Also Isaiah 19:24-25; 59:20-21; 61:8-9; 66:21-22; Jeremiah 32:37-41; Ezekiel 16:60-62; 34:22-31; 37:26-28.
C. The Certainty of God's Decrees on the Matter
God will surely uphold His decrees on the matter of Israel's survival and salvation:
Numbers 23:19: God is not a man, that He should lie, nor a son of man, that He should repent; Has He said, and will He not do it? Or has He spoken, and will He not make it good?
Judges 2:1: I will never break My covenant with you.
1 Samuel 15:29: Also the Glory of Israel will not lie or change His mind; for He is not a man that He should change His mind.
Luke 21:33: Heaven and earth will pass away, but My words will not pass away.
Romans 11:29:The gifts and the calling of God [on Israel] are irrevocable.
2 Corinthians 1:20: For as many as are the promises of God, in Him they are yes; therefore also through Him is our Amen to the glory of God through us.
Hebrews 6:18: It is impossible for God to lie.
James 1:17: Every good thing given and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation or shifting shadow.
II. God's Decrees Concerning Anti-Semites
We have seen that Satan's pursuit of his anti-Semitic goals is futile. In this section, it will be shown that people who are anti-Semitic will experience futility as well, not only as regards the goals of their anti-Semitism, but in very personal ways.
God has issued decrees concerning those who practice anti-Semitism, but they fall within a more inclusive principle, that of sowing and reaping:
7. Do not be deceived, God is not mocked; for whatever a man sows, this he will also reap. 8. For the one who sows to his own flesh will from the flesh reap corruption, but the one who sows to the Spirit will from the Spirit reap eternal life.
~ Galatians 6:7-8 ~
David sowed adultery and premeditated murder, and reaped a harvest of each in his own household (2 Samuel 11-20, especially 12:9-12; 13:28-29; 16:22). Surely, those who sow anti-Semitic acts, be they Jew or Gentile, saved or unsaved, can expect similar harvests in their own lives.
Four key passages:
1. Genesis 12:3: And I will bless those who bless you, And the one who curses you I will curse. And in you all the families of the earth will be blessed.
The blessing/cursing aspect of the covenant that God made with Abraham applied to Abraham personally (Genesis 15:1: Do not fear, Abram, I am a shield to you); but not only to him, but to all in his chosen line:
a. It is implied in God's stated intention to bless all the families of the earth, which He did through the descendants of Abraham in the writing of Scripture, the bringing forth of Messiah, and the establishment of the church; and which He will continue to do during the Great Tribulation in the completion of the evangelization of the world by 144,000 Israelites (Revelation 7:1-10), and through the Millennial Kingdom as saved Israel ministers to the nations of the world (Zechariah 8:23).
b. God stated it forthrightly to Abraham in Genesis 17:7: I will establish My covenant between Me and you and your descendants after you throughout their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you and to your descendants after you.
c. It is implied in the fact that God passed the covenant on to Abraham's son Isaac (Genesis 26:2-5,24), to Isaac's son Jacob whose name became Israel (Genesis 28:13-15; 32:28), and finally, to the twelve sons of Israel and all their descendants (Genesis 49:1-28).
d. It is made as plain as day as Isaac repeats the blessing/cursing provision in his blessing of Jacob: Cursed be those who curse you, and blessed be those who bless you. (Genesis 27:29),
e. and in Balaam's prophecy concerning the entire nation: He couches, he lies down as a lion, and as a lion, who dares rouse him? Blessed is everyone who blesses you, and cursed is everyone who curses you. (Numbers 24:9)
f. It is seen in Romans 11:27, where Paul reiterated God's promise concerning Israel for a time yet future: This is My covenant with them, when I take away their sins (Isaiah 59:19-21).
g. It is also implied in the fact that the blessing/cursing principle may be observed at work in the lives of those who blessed or cursed Israelites other than Abraham, as will be shown.
In His foreknowledge, God knew that the satanic attacks on Abraham and his covenant nation would be numerous and great. It is in this context that He declared the blessing/cursing provision. Without a doubt, the blessing/cursing provision is a regularly used tool that God employs to insure the fulfillment of His divine purposes through Israel. This is exemplified in God's destruction of the armies that will gather to destroy Israel at the end of the Great Tribulation (Zechariah 12:1-9; 14:1-2; Revelation 12:15-17).
According to Strong, the Hebrew for curses in the one who curses you can mean to "treat lightly" or "bring into contempt," and the word for curse in I will curse is based on a root that means "to execrate, to bitterly curse."5 The English Standard Version renders the clause, him who dishonors you I will curse. Holman's Christian Standard Bible: I will curse those who treat you with contempt; and Young's Literal Translation: him who is disesteeming thee I curse. The passage may very well indicate that God will "bitterly curse" those who even dishonor or disesteem the covenant nation; and if that is the case, then what will the magnitude of the curse be on those who treat the nation with severity!
2. Zechariah 2:8: For thus says the LORD of hosts, "After glory He has sent me against the nations which plunder you, for he who touches you, touches the apple [pupil] of His eye."
It is rather clear that this passage will have its fulfillment in connection with the Lord's second coming:
a. He has sent me, that is, the LORD of hosts.
b. The Lord was not sent the first time to judge nations, but to die for sin. He will be sent the second time to judge nations (Joel 3:2; Zechariah 12:1-9; 14:1-2; Revelation 12:15-17).
c. Verses 10-12 are clearly set at the time of the Lord's return.
d. The passage speaks of the Lord being sent after glory, and Matthew 25:31 speaks of the Son of Man com[ing] in His glory, and . . . then He will sit on His glorious throne.
3. Matthew 25:40,45: 40. Truly I say to you, to the extent that you did it to one of these brothers of Mine, even the least of them, you did it to Me. . . . 45. Truly I say to you, to the extent that you did not do it to one of the least of these, you did not do it to Me.
These brothers of Mine are generally identified as the poor and needy, or as Tribulation believers; but there is powerful evidence that it refers to the Jews of the Tribulation, who will be singled out by Satan for annihilation during this time of Jacob's trouble (Jeremiah 30:7).
a. In Matthew 24:3, Jesus' Jewish disciples asked Him, Tell us, when will these things happen, and what will be the sign of Your coming, and of the end of the age? In the course of His reply, He tells them, Then they will deliver you to tribulation, and will kill you, and you will be hated by all nations because of My name (verse 9).
Strong defines ethnos, the Greek word for nations, as "a race (as of the same habit), that is, a tribe; specifically a foreign (non-Jewish) one (usually by implication pagan): - Gentile, heathen, nation, people." Jesus is telling His Jewish listeners that their descendants will be subject to extreme tribulation at the hand of all [Gentiles]. This is consistent with God's pronunciation of end-time judgment on Israel in Zechariah 14:2: For I will gather all the nations against Jerusalem to battle; with Satan's ferocious persecution of Israel during the Tribulation in Revelation 12:1-17; and with God's pronunciation of subsequent judgment on all the nations . . . on behalf of My people and My inheritance, Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations; and they have divided up My land (Joel 3:2).
b. Jesus continues, 15. Therefore when you see the ABOMINATION OF DESOLATION which was spoken of through Daniel the prophet, standing in the holy place (let the reader understand), 16. then those who are in Judea must flee to the mountains.
Those who reside in Judea are to flee to the mountains. He could not mean that all Tribulation believers are to flee, for they will not be residing just in Judea, but throughout the world! He said that those who are in Judea, the land of the Jews, must flee.
c. In verse 20, He says, But pray that your flight will not be in the winter, or on a Sabbath. Who else would care about fleeing on a Sabbath, but Jews?!
d. Following through in the same discourse, He speaks of gathering the sheep and goat nations for judgment in Matthew 25:32. The word He uses for nations in this verse is again ethnos, Gentile nations.
To conclude, these brothers of Mine, even the least of them, refers to Jesus' brothers, the Jews. Lest there be a question about His referring to multitudes of unsaved Jews as His brothers, let's remember what Paul called the unsaved among his nation: my kinsmen according to the flesh, who are Israelites (Romans 9:3-4).
To get back to the point, Matthew 25:40 and 45 again state the principle brought out in Zechariah 2:8, that the manner in which people treat Israel is tantamount to the manner in which they treat God and His Son. It is the Lord Himself who speaks in both passages.
4. Romans 12:19: Vengeance is Mine; I will repay, says the Lord.
Though Paul used the verse as an exhortation to believers to not take revenge for offenses (as can be seen by verse 17: Never pay back evil for evil to anyone), it has general application. It is a restatement of Deuteronomy 32:35, Vengeance is Mine, and retribution, in which God declares His impending judgment upon Israel because of her evil ways. It also harks back to Psalm 94:1, O LORD, God of vengeance, God of vengeance, shine forth!, where the psalmist calls upon God to take revenge upon those who crush Thy people [Israel] (verse 5).
Vengeance is Mine; I will repay, says the Lord. God will take revenge on those who crush His people Israel.
III. God's Decrees Applied
God's decrees concerning those who stir up and commit anti-Semitic acts apply to Satan, his demon host, nations and individuals. Historian Paul Johnson notes, "What is in any case clear is that anti-Semitism, besides being self-inflicted, is also self-destructive, and of societies and governments as much as of individuals."6 History bears out what God has decreed!
Some observations, all of which may be seen in examples that will follow:
1. God may judge those whose actions harm Israel even if they do so unknowingly and without bias against the nation.
2. God may use Israel's enemies to judge her, yet He holds them accountable because of their free will decisions to harm her.
3. Dr. Fruchtenbaum observes, "When God operates on the cursing aspect of the Abrahamic Covenant, he works on the sub-principle of curse for curse in kind."7 In other words, God applies such curses in an "eye for eye" manner: Therefore all who devour you will be devoured; And all your adversaries, every one of them, will go into captivity; And those who plunder you will be for plunder, And all who prey upon you I will give for prey (Jeremiah 30:16).
In Revelation 13:10, God applies the same principle to those who persecute the saints in the Tribulation.
4. God's decrees apply to the saved and the unsaved.
5. God will apply His decrees in this life and in the afterlife.
6. God may delay the application of His decrees in this life for a long time, but they will be applied.
A. Application to Satan and His Demons
2. And [an angel] laid hold of the dragon, the serpent of old, who is the devil and Satan, and bound him for a thousand years; 3. and he threw him into the Abyss, and shut it and sealed it over him, so that he would not deceive the nations any longer, until the thousand years were completed; after these things he must be released for a short time.
~ Revelation 20:2-3 ~
Immediately after Satan's most successful attempt at annihilating the Jews (Zechariah 13:8; 14:1-2; Revelation 12:15-17), God commands an angel to cast him into the Abyss for a thousand years.
Will his demons be bound with him? Perhaps some, but certainly not all. We can derive this from two groups of passages that reveal there will be demons in two locations on earth during the Millenniums. Isaiah 13:20-22; Jeremiah 50:39-40, 51:41-43; Revelation 18:1-2 and 19:3, when studied together, show that during the Millennium, Babylon (modern southern Iraq), will be a dwelling place of demons and a prison of every unclean spirit (Revelation 18:2); and Isaiah 34:8-15, which indicates that during the Millennium, Edom (modern southern Jordan) will likewise be inhabited by demons. According to Dr. Fruchtenbaum, hairy goat in verse 14, actually refers to a demon in goat form; and according to Keil and Delitszch, night monster [screech owl, KJV], also in verse 14, refers to a female demon.
As concerns eternal punishment, because of their pre-Adamic rebellion against God, the eternal punishment of Satan and his demons was decreed millennia before the birth of Abraham (Isaiah 14:12-14; Revelation 12:4). Nevertheless, their rebellion has never ceased, and the focus of their rebellion since the birth of Abraham has been the destruction of Israel and the prevention of their salvation. Their eternal destiny will be the Lake of Fire:
Revelation 20:10: And the devil who deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are also; and they will be tormented day and night forever and ever.
Matthew 25:41: Then He will also say to those on His left, Depart from Me, accursed ones, into the eternal fire which has been prepared for the devil and his angels.
B. Application to Individuals
The law of sowing and reaping may work passively, as by the affliction of the conscience leading to migraines, insanity or other ailments, or it may work by active chastisements and judgments of God. This includes sins against Israel. However, it must be noted that whatever passive reaping may be experienced by anti-Semites, the cursing provision of the Abrahamic covenant guarantees active cursing by God above and beyond passive reaping: And the one who curses you I will curse.
Let us examine how these laws apply to those who engage in anti-Semitic activities.
1. Application to the Saved
a. Chastisement on Earth
Hebrews 12:6: For those whom the Lord loves He disciplines, and scourges every son whom He receives. (Also Proverbs 3:12.) One way or another, God will chasten those of His children who engage in anti-Semitic practices.
b. At the Judgment Seat of Christ
While dwellers on Earth will endure the tests and judgments of the Great Tribulation, the deeds of the members of the church will be judged at the Judgment Seat of Christ in Heaven, at which time anti-Semitic acts and sinful acts of all kinds committed on Earth will bring the suffering of loss: 14. If any man's work which he has built on [the foundation of Jesus Christ (verse 11)] remains, he will receive a reward. 15. If any man's work is burned up, he will suffer loss; but he himself will be saved, yet so as through fire (1 Corinthians 3:14-15).
Note that even believers who engage in horrible anti-Semitic acts will not lose their salvation. They will suffer loss, yet [they] will be saved.8
2. The Unsaved
In Genesis 12:10-17, Pharaoh took Abram's wife Sarai into his harem. Pharaoh had no idea that Abram would be the progenitor of the covenant nation, and could not possibly have desired to hurt him because of it. All he was interested in was Abram's good-looking wife, fair game for any self-respecting Pharaoh. But the LORD struck Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because of Sarai, Abram's wife (verse 17). If he had retained Sarai in his harem permanently, the covenant line would have been cut off right there, and Christ would never have been born.
In Genesis 20:1-3, Abimelech, king of Gerar, exercised his royal prerogative in exactly the same way, and took Sarah into his harem. But God came to Abimelech in a dream of the night, and said to him, "Behold, you are a dead man because of the woman whom you have taken, for she is married (verse 3)." As with Pharaoh, if Abimelech were able to follow through on his desire, Sarai's womb would have been closed in regard to Isaac. Therefore, the Lord followed through with a plainly observable "curse for curse in kind." Verse 18: the LORD had closed fast all the wombs of the household of Abimelech because of Sarah, Abraham's wife.
Another example is Haman, who schemed to have Mordecai hung, yet ended up being hung on the same gallows he erected for Mordecai. (Esther 6:4; 9:25)
b. At the Great White Throne Judgment
Revelation 20:15: And if anyone's name was not found written in the book of life, he was thrown into the lake of fire.
Some sins are greater than others (John 19:11); and the greater the sin, the more severe the punishment (Matthew 11:20-24; Luke 12:47-48). Surely, God will factor in sins against His people when degrees of judgment are pronounced for the eternally condemned.
C. Application to Nations
Three points:
1. Only individuals - not nations - are adjudged fit for the Lake of Fire. This includes the goat nations, which are judged at the end of the Tribulation (Matthew 25:41-46). Those individuals among the Dutch, for example, who will not offer succor to the persecuted Jews of the Great Tribulation, are viewed corporately as the Dutch goat nation, but will be adjudged fit for entry into the Lake of Fire on an individual basis. They will be condemned corporately to the Lake of Fire only because every individual among them will be unsaved; and whatever degrees of punishment may be due them will also be determined on an individual basis. The same is true of the rest of the unsaved, who will be judged at the Great White Throne after the Millennium.
2. No one's salvation or condemnation is ever decided on the basis of their deeds (Ephesians 2:8-9). The deeds of the goat individuals are indicative of their unsaved state, as faith is demonstrated by godly works, per James 2:14-26. Therefore, the fate of the goat nations is to be viewed as the fate of unsaved individuals, addressed above.
3. Entire nations, though they may contain saved as well as unsaved individuals, do suffer earthly judgments for wickedness. There were many saved Jews in Israel during the judgment of 70 A.D., yet they had to endure the judgment along with the unsaved Israelites.
Here are examples of nations who have suffered for their oppressive actions against Israel:
Pharaoh decreed that all Jewish male newborns be drowned (Exodus 1:15-16). Egypt was eventually judged by the slaying of their own firstborn sons, and by the drowning of their army in the Red Sea (Exodus 11:4-5; 12:12,29; 14:21-28; 15:4).
When the Israelites were passing through the wilderness, then Amalek came and fought against Israel at Rephidim (Exodus 17:8). In verse 14, the LORD said to Moses, "Write this in a book as a memorial and recite it to Joshua, that I will utterly blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven." God carried out His vow some four hundred years later. Samuel announced to Saul,
2. Thus says the LORD of hosts, "I will punish Amalek for what he did to Israel, how he set himself against him on the way while he was coming up from Egypt. 3. Now go and strike Amalek and utterly destroy all that he has, and do not spare him; but put to death both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey."
~ 1 Samuel 15:2-3 ~
The sentence was carried out later in the chapter. What Saul nearly completed was completed by Samuel.
The Edomites
The everlasting enmity (Ezekiel 35:5) of Edom toward Israel is detailed in our second anti-Semitism study, The Satanic and Human Aspects. God pronounced judgment on Edom in Jeremiah 49:9-22 and Obadiah 1:5-6,10,18.
Obadiah 1:18: Then the house of Jacob will be a fire and the house of Joseph a flame; but the house of Esau will be as stubble. And they will set them on fire and consume them, so that there will be no survivor of the house of Esau.
There will be no survivor of the house of Esau. God also declared that during the Millennial or Messianic Kingdom, while virtually the rest of the planet will be restored to pristine beauty, Edom will remain a desolation (Isaiah 34:8-15, Jeremiah 49:17-18, Ezekiel 35:10-15, Joel 3:19).
The Nations of Anti-Christ's Army
All the nations of the world, whose armies anti-Christ will gather in his final attempt to destroy Israel, will suffer the loss of their armies.
I will gather all the nations and bring them down to the valley of Jehoshaphat. Then I will enter into judgment with them there on behalf of My people and My inheritance, Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations; and they have divided up My land.
~ Joel 3:2 ~
19. So the angel swung his sickle to the earth and gathered the clusters from the vine of the earth, and threw them into the great wine press of the wrath of God. 20. And the wine press was trodden outside the city, and blood came out from the wine press, up to the horses' bridles, for a distance of two hundred miles.
~ Revelation 14:19-20 ~
IV. Moving From Anti-Semitism to Pro-Semitism
Historian Paul Johnson, again: "Anti-Semitism is self-inflicted, which means that, by an act of will and reason, the infection can be repelled. But this is not easy to do, especially in societies where anti-Semitism has become common or the norm."9
If one who is engaged in anti-Semitic attitudes, words or actions is a believer, the biblical cure is confession and repentance (1 John 1:9; Revelation 2:5). If such a one is not a believer, repentance from anti-Semitism would best begin with belief in the Gospel, for being anti-Semitic is being anti-God, and Jesus said, He who is not with Me is against Me; and he who does not gather with Me scatters (Matthew 12:30; Luke 11:23). True repentance from anti-Semitism will lead to pro-Semitism in attitude, word and action.
Pro-Semitism is not blinding oneself to the faults of individual Jews or Israel. Minimally, it is supporting fair treatment of Jews and Israel. The very least one can do is to speak up when one hears an anti-Semitic comment. Self-preserving silence and inaction in the face of anti-Semitism is odious to the Lord: Therefore, to one who knows the right thing to do and does not do it, to him it is sin (James 4:17). Not every individual among the condemned goat nations will necessarily be an active persecutor of Jews; they will simply not get involved in the dangerous business of offering them succor.
For those who believe the Bible, pro-Semitism is an inclination to bless the Jews because God has chosen them to bless the world. For this reason, pro-Semitism ought to be a hallmark of every believer and local church or congregation. Believers' pro-Semitism must include bringing the Gospel to the Jews per Matthew 28:18-20, and doing so as a priority over other peoples per Romans 1:16. It should also include extending ministries of mercy to them as a priority. This is seen in Matthew 25:34-40, where the Lord is shown blessing those who so minister to Israel, and in Romans 15:27: For if the Gentiles have shared in their [the Jews'] spiritual things, they are indebted to minister to them also in material things. Another Gentile obligation is implied in Romans 11:11: I say then, [the Jews] did not stumble so as to fall, did they? May it never be! But by their transgression salvation has come to the Gentiles, to make them jealous. If Jews see the joy of salvation in the lives of Gentile believers, then many will desire to enter into the joy of their Jewish Messiah - and what better way to display this joy to Jews than in joyous ministry to them!
To be most effective in pro-Semitic activities, one ought to pray for Israel regularly according to Psalm 122:6, 137:5-6 and Isaiah 62:1,6-7, and become familiar with at least the basics of Jewish history and prophecy and what Scripture says about their unique call in God. One way to begin is by studying the ten studies in the Israel series.
It is obvious from the weight that Scripture gives to these matters that pastors and teachers should teach them in their churches and take the lead in pro-Semitic activities. Will you carry the torch?
V. God's Decrees Concerning Pro-Semites
There's a flip side to the cursing aspect of the Abrahamic Covenant: and I will bless those who bless you (Genesis 12:3a).
God promises to bless those who bless Israel. Here are some examples.
A. Application to Holy Angels
Just as Satan and his demons are anti-Semitic because they are anti-God, the holy angels are pro-Semitic because they are pro-God. An example of this is in 2 Kings 6:8-17, where a host of holy angels gather to protect Israel against the Aramean army.
The holy angels will be rewarded with an eternity in the presence of God in Heaven:
22. But you have come to Mount Zion and to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to myriads of angels, 23. to the general assembly and church of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, and to God, the Judge of all, and to the spirits of the righteous made perfect, 24. and to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood, which speaks better than the blood of Abel.
~ Hebrews 12:22-24 ~
In Genesis 39:1-5, Potiphar, an Egyptian, initially treated Joseph well, and the LORD blessed the Egyptian's house on account of Joseph; thus the LORD'S blessing was upon all that he owned, in the house and in the field (verse 5).
Another example is Ruth, the Moabitess, whose dedication to Naomi was rewarded by her marriage to Naomi's relative, Boaz: So Boaz took Ruth, and she became his wife, and he went in to her. And the LORD enabled her to conceive, and she gave birth to a son (Ruth 4:13. See also Ruth 2:10-12). That, in turn, enabled her to be a maternal progenitor of Jesus, a blessing she will enjoy forever (Matthew 1:5-16)!
Note that the unsaved, such as Potiphar, as well as the saved, such as Ruth, experience earthly blessings for blessing Jews.
Two examples from the New Testament are the centurion with the sick slave (Luke 7:2-10, esp. v. 5) and Cornelius (Acts 10:1-48, esp. v. 2).
In addition to earthly blessings, believers who bless Israel will also receive rewards at the Judgment Seat of Christ in Heaven. If any man's work which he has built on [the foundation of Jesus Christ] remains, he will receive a reward (1 Corinthians 3:14).
1. Only individuals - not nations - are adjudged worthy of entry into Heaven. This includes the sheep nations, which are judged at the end of the Tribulation (Matthew 25:31-40). Those individuals among the Dutch, for example, who will offer succor to the persecuted Jews of the Great Tribulation, are viewed corporately as the Dutch sheep nation, but will be adjudged worthy of entry into Heaven on an individual basis. They will be welcomed corporately into the Messianic Kingdom and, by implication, into Heaven, only because every individual among them will be saved; and whatever rewards may be due them will also be determined on an individual basis. This principle can be seen at the Judgment Seat of Christ, where the degrees of the rewards of the church saints are determined on an individual basis (1 Corinthians 3:12-15).
2. No one's salvation or condemnation is ever decided on the basis of their deeds (Ephesians 2:8-9). The deeds of the sheep individuals are indicative of their saved state, as faith is demonstrated by godly works, per James 2:14-26. Only saved Gentiles will have the conviction and courage to offer aid to the persecuted Jews. Therefore, the fate of the sheep nations is to be viewed as the fate of saved individuals, addressed above.
3. Entire nations, though they may contain unsaved as well as saved individuals, are blessed because of kindnesses to Israel.
Pharaoh believed Joseph's interpretation of his dreams, elevated him to the highest position in Egypt save himself, and entrusted to him the project of storing up grain for the years of famine that Joseph predicted. As a result, Egypt was blessed: and the seven years of famine began to come, just as Joseph had said, then there was famine in all the lands, but in all the land of Egypt there was bread (Genesis 41:54). As for Pharaoh himself, Joseph bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh, for every Egyptian sold his field, because the famine was severe upon them. Thus the land became Pharaoh's (Genesis 47:20).
VI. An Appeal to My Jewish Brethren
Few things make this author cringe more than to hear a Jewish name associated with a misdeed that causes people injury. If you are contemplating, or are engaged in, any such activity, please consider your responsibility to your people. The last thing we need is another excuse for an anti-Semitic outburst. If you do not believe in Messiah, may I respectfully appeal to you to reconsider. Your belief in Jesus will not only open up the blessings of God to you personally, but will plant seeds of salvation in Israel that will ultimately come to fruition in her national salvation, the return of Messiah, the end of anti-Semitism, and the dawning of the Olam Haba, the Messianic Age. These truths and promises may be looked into through a reading of HaB'rit HaChadashah (The New Testament) and consideration of studies on Salvation and Israel that may be accessed via links on our Study page.
Part 1: The Divine Aspect
Part 2: The Satanic and Human Aspects
Part 3: Refutation of Accusations Against the Jews and Israel
1. Edward H. Flannery. Judaism-now Blogspot, http://judaism-now.blogspot.com/2010/12/pagan-influance-of-christmas.html. Judaism-now.
2. "Concerning the Jews" from the March 1898 issue of Harper's by Mark Twain. Quoted from http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Quote/TwainJews.html.
3. David C. Egner, Those Irrepressible Jews!, Radio Bible Class, Grand Rapids, Michigan 1983, back cover.
4. "The Meaning of History," London (1936) pp. 86-87, by Professor Nicolai Berdyaev, Moscow Academy of Spiritual Culture. Quoted from http://www.createforum.com/phpbb/viewtopic.php?mforum=mepe&p=2729.
5. James Strong. The New Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (Nashville, Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1996), Hebrew Dictionary words 779, 7043.
6. Paul Johnson, "The Anti-Semitic Disease," Commentary Magazine, June 2005.
7. Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, Dr. Hebrew Christianity (Tustin, Ariel Ministries Press, 1983), p. 63.
8. For an extensive discussion of the eternal security of the believers, see the author's study, Eternal Security.
9. Johnson, op. cit.
1. Edward H. Flannery. The Anguish of the Jews: Twenty-Three Centuries of Antisemitism, first published 1965, latest edition: (Mahwah, Paulist Press, 2004).
By Dr. Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum*
2. The examples given in this study of the blessing and cursing aspects of the Abrahamic Covenant are drawn from Scripture. Yet, the principle may be seen to apply in extrabiblical history, as well. Dr. Fruchtenbaum has done a study on the matter, and his findings may be considered in his Hebrew Christianity. Tustin: Ariel Ministries Press, 1983.
3. The Footsteps of Messiah: A Study of the Sequence of Prophetic Events.
4. Israelology: The Missing Link in Systematic Theology.
5. Messianic Bible Study 005: How to Destroy the Jews.
6. Messianic Bible Study 191: The Remnant of Israel: Past, Present and Future. (Available for free reading and listening.)
By Mottel Baleston*
7. Publications on Jewish history and various aspect of it.
*Publications by Dr. Fruchtenbaum and Mottel Baleston are available at Ariel Ministries in various formats.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Former Illinois Gov. Dan Walker, who served 18 months in federal prison for receiving illegal loans from an Oak Brook savings and loan, died Wednesday of heart failure. He was 92.
"Ultimately, it was heart failure that got him," Walker's son, Will Walker of Crystal Lake, told The State Journal-Register.
Walker, who served as governor from 1973 to 1977, died shortly before 2 a.m. in at veterans hospital in Chula Vista, Calif.
Described as both "brilliant" and "phony" by those who knew and watched him, the Democrat bested the revered Paul Simon in the 1972 Democratic primary for governor, beat the incumbent Republican and, some believe with the benefit of a different direction, could have been the 1976 presidential nominee.
"He was brilliant, very -- even excessively -- ambitious," said former U.S. Sen. Adlai Stevenson III, whose first Senate campaign in 1970 Walker managed. "I can't say that he was terribly principled; he was very bent on winning at all costs."
In 1987, he pleaded guilty to obtaining nearly $1.4 million in fraudulent bank loans through the First American Savings and Loan Association in Oak Brook, which he headed. He served 18 months in a federal prison. After his release, he was placed on probation until the two loans were repaid.
He requested a pardon from President Bill Clinton in 2001, but it was not granted.
"A lot of people certainly know him as a public figure, but he was so much more than that to all of us," Will Walker told The State Journal-Register. "He was a great father. He was a great family man. He did a wonderful job raising seven kids, 22 grandchildren."
But Walker's passion translated into a tumultuous political career.
Walker was an early example of a new breed of Illinois politician -- someone who disdained traditional political organization -- and he won office in 1972 on the strength of his personality. As governor, however, he alienated Republicans and his fellow Democrats, managing to accomplish little.
In 1968, Walker headed a team of more than 200 people who interviewed more than 1,400 witnesses and studied FBI reports and footage of the 1968 Democratic convention riots for President Lyndon B. Johnson. The report, later known as the Walker Report, described the violence as a police riot and recommended officers be prosecuted.
The report angered then-Mayor Richard J. Daley and sparked an antagonism that Walker repeatedly fueled throughout his tenure in Springfield, prompting the Chicago boss to back a 1976 primary candidate and send Walker to a humiliating defeat. That opened the door in November for a victorious Republican, James Thompson, who served a record 14 years at the helm.
"He did many great things and many accomplishments in his life. ... He was just a wonderful, passionate man," Walker's son said.
After leaving office, Walker became the head of an Oak Brook savings and loan, where he cut corners and used the business to support a lavish lifestyle. Walker pleaded guilty to fraud and perjury and was sentenced to federal prison in 1987.
He later wrote eloquently about the trauma of life behind bars.
"The only spot of color out in the prison yard looms before me: a tall water tower painted red and white," Walker wrote in "The Maverick and the Machine: Governor Dan Walker Tells His Story."
"It offers an alternative to my misery," he wrote. "I could, if things get any worse, climb it and jump before anyone could stop me."
A little-known corporate attorney, he grabbed voters' attention in 1971 by walking across Illinois for 116 days, sleeping in farmhouses along the way, and wearing his trademark red bandanna.
"Government is out of touch with the people," Walker would proclaim in his speeches that featured promises to hold down taxes and increase education spending.
He went on to beat the Republican incumbent who had established Illinois' first income tax.
Former Illinois Gaming Board chairman Aaron Jaffe was a House lawmaker when Walker took office.
"He was very bright," said Jaffe said. "He could have gone further in politics. I think he could have been a presidential candidate had he not been so confrontational."
Walker maintained that he tried to work with the political establishment but was rejected from the outset.
"I was disliked by the professionals in both parties holding leadership positions as well as by the lower-echelon party regulars from Chicago," he wrote. "Daley and the Chicago machine certainly did not want to see me succeed. The legislative leaders of both parties made no secret of their desire to 'get Dan Walker,' as they openly put it."
Former Gov. Pat Quinn often recalled Walker as a mentor, and he got his start in politics working on Walker's 1972 campaign. Walker later gave him his first government job. In a statement, Quinn focused on Walker's military service in the U.S. Navy and noted his "patriotism."
"He fervently believed in the power of democracy and the importance of including everyone in our democracy," Quinn said.
Gov. Bruce Rauner issued the following statement on the death Walker: "Diana and I are saddened to learn of the passing of former Governor Dan Walker. Our thoughts and prayers are with his family and friends during this difficult time."
After his retirement, Walker became an avid writer, according to family. He wrote seven books, including a memoir and a novel.
Walker is survived by his wife and seven children. Funeral services are pending.


The Pact : A Love Story by Jodi Picoult Editor: HarperCollins Publishers Inc Enjoy this book on your E-Reader and in the format you prefer Description: Until the phone calls came at three o� clock in the morning of November, the gold medals and their neighbors, the Hartes, had been inseparable.He was no surprise to anyone when their teenage... The Pact (1998) is a novel by Jodi Picoult about a possible suicide pact between two teenage lovers, and the journey that one must take after losing a loved one. Film adaptation. On November 4, 2002 Lifetime Television debuted a film adaptation of the novel, The Pact.
The Pact, Jodi Picoult's fifth novel, is at once a love story, a psychological study of two families in crisis, and a courtroom drama that could be taken from today's headlines.... Change of Heart by Jodi Picoult in FB2, FB3, RTF download e-book. Welcome to our site, dear reader! All content included on our site, such as text, images, digital downloads and other, is the property of it's content suppliers and protected by US and international copyright laws.
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Jodi Picoult Good used condition, all pages complete and well bound. Some covered in clear contact. Books included are � the pact � Keeping faith � Plain truth � My sisters keeper � Perfect match � Mercy Postage is free to anywhere in Australia. Payment is by Paypal or direct deposit to ANZ bank. No international postage.


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Alabama students on COVID school year: Creative coping helped
The Alabama Education Lab asked students around the state to describe how the 2020-21 pandemic school year affected them. First-person essays and student projects will be posted throughout the week here. Brianna N. Davis is a senior at Zion Chapel High School in Jack. Throughout the past school year, the […]
The Alabama Education Lab asked students around the state to describe how the 2020-21 pandemic school year affected them. First-person essays and student projects will be posted throughout the week here.
Brianna N. Davis is a senior at Zion Chapel High School in Jack.
Throughout the past school year, the biggest thing I have learned is to appreciate the opportunities that I have been given. From missing out on pep rallies, parades, sporting games, and other festivities to watching our Homecoming football game from outside the fence during my senior year, I have definitely felt the impact of COVID-19 on my small, rural community of Jack, Alabama.
Almost every foundation of my life was shaken when COVID-19 mandates, along with fear, were introduced into my life last March. We were told by our county school board that we were being sent home for a two-week-long "Spring Break" and would return back to school in early April. Nearing the end of that two-week break, we were again informed that we would not be returning back into the school until the next school year. Teachers rushed to clean out school lockers and made "packets" of school work to try and cover all the standards of the last nine weeks of school.
My peers and I were told by news platforms and political leaders to cower in solitude while we waited for the seemingly inevitable virus to infect our homes. My family was scared to visit our grandparents due to the chance of giving them the deadly sickness, and my church was trying to learn how to hold services online to prevent further spread to our elderly congregation.
Despite all that COVID-19 has "taken" from me and my peers in our last years of high school, it has given us one of the biggest gifts of all: a new perspective. What was once "Ugh, I have to go to school today" became "I am so glad our school is going to reopen in the fall, and I can't wait to see my friends and teachers again." Prom was now seen as a luxury, not just an annual dance for upperclassmen and sporting events were no longer seen as absolute as they once were.
The uncertainties of sports seasons were full of disappointing scenarios, like having an opposing team have a player test positive for COVID-19, which meant we would not play them. However, I am grateful that my school was allowed to play the 10 (out of the scheduled 27) basketball games we competed in.
As team captain, I tried to remain as upbeat about our situation as possible, even when our team was sent home for two-week quarantines. Social media became our way of keeping up with one another because seeing each other in person was never a guarantee.
My eyes were opened to all the opportunities that my school, community, state and nation had available for me. While I did not always appreciate the opportunities presented to me appropriately in times before the pandemic, I know that I will take full advantage of all that I am able to do from now on.
I have gone through my senior year of high school without several of the fun activities previous classes enjoyed, like field trips and college visit days. But, they were often replaced with fun and interactive Zoom and Google Meets. Changing the backgrounds so me and my classmates appeared as though we were around the world (and even in outer space) was a big hit with my peers. Plus, watching my teachers try to learn to navigate these programs was a big part of the entertainment.
Instead of a traditional prom my last year for my junior year, I had my own personal prom for me and my date. We met and took a TON of photos outside the home of one of his family members and had a lovely dinner at a local restaurant.
I will never forget that night; it was full of laughter at such an uncertain point in our lives. And while I have missed certain parts of a "normal" school year, I am so grateful for the memories I have created through this pandemic.
This year has brought my school and community together in so many different ways — it is truly extraordinary. My community rallied together to help families with financial problems and ones struggling with mental health. Looking back, the past year has seemed almost surreal. I am grateful for some of the changes COVID-19 has brought about my small town and I hope people remember and learn from this unique experience too.
Davis is a member of the Student VOICES project, which helped the Ed Lab identify some students for this project. To find out more about A+ Education Partnership's A+ Student VOICES Team, please visit its website.
Sign up for The Alabama Education Lab's newsletter, Ed Chat. Learn more about the Ed Lab's First Person project and find out how to submit your own story by emailing Editor Ruth Serven Smith at [email protected].
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Artisanal Creations - Tailored to indulge
At PEET DULLAERT we celebrate authentic vision and identity. Connecting generations and reflect on the world, through our responsibly made collections and various tribute stories.
With a keen focus on a wardrobe that breathes energy and fresh optimism, the Couture and Prêt-à-Porter collections are created in-house in Paris, and deliver a unique exploration of contemporary silhouette tailored for modern living.
Streamlined and forward-thinking design, with a view on the synergy between the practical demands of the modern wardrobe and the desire to indulge in exquisite things. Artisanal creations that result in a pure connection between the wearer and the garment.
The PEET DULLAERT "Care For Earth - Plant For The Future" initiative is part of the brand's mission to further its responsible production cycle with sustainable made-to-order collections and Couture at its foundation. While we use green energy, and ship carbon neutral whenever we can in our fully recyclable packaging, the initiative supports ocean and biosphere preservation projects, and supports families in need by planting towards a better future.
Read more about our 'Care For Earth - Plant For The Future' approach here.
Since its foundation in 2012, PEET DULLAERT caters to a global audience online and through select stores across the globe.
Peet Dullaert's work is inspired by the lives of the diverse group of individuals around him. Generations who inspire and teach him, currently and over time. With his sharp and optimistic vision, he creates clothes that breathe an effortless spirit.
Working closely in synergy with the body, the collections offer a freedom of movement that is so essential today. Modern cuts are tailored to embrace and flow around the body, effortlessly light, and created to fit today's posture, comfort, and movement.
With a high regard for creation, designs find their origin using drape-techniques and materials to form and refine contemporary, individual, and liberating shape before a pattern is created.
Peet Dullaert studied at the ArtEZ fashion department in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Following his graduation, he was eager to reflect on the current context of luxury and creation with pioneers from the past, among them Pierre Bergé and Baroness Hélène de Ludinghausen, former Directrice of Yves Saint Laurent Haute Couture. His manifesto and answer to these conversations was to develop a sustainable and responsible production cycle for luxury. Implemented in 2014 this solution applies an Artisanal approach to ready to wear creation.


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IriTech Launches Enterprise Attendance Tracking System
IriTech's plan is to start marketing the upgraded system in India, where the company already has a strong presence via contracts with government agencies
IriTech has announced a new, enterprise version of its biometric time and attendance tracking system. Called Time & Attendance Enterprise, it's an update to the company's IriShield iris-scanning system.
The company is aiming its updated system at medium- and large-sized organizations, where its compatibility with large-scale databases and its back-end matching software could be put to particularly effective use. IriTech is also emphasizing the cost-effectiveness of this solution, given that only once licence needs to be purchased for each company deploying it, and there are no extra costs for checking employees in and out using the system.
IriTech's plan is to start marketing the upgraded system in India, where the company already has a strong presence via contracts with government agencies. Those have largely been the product of the country's ambitious Aadhaar project, a national biometric identification initiative with many facets; and IriTech expects it to keep growing, with further opportunities to come.
In related news, the company also recently debuted a new system that employs both iris and face recognition.
May 25, 2015 – by Alex Perala
IriTech's Biometric Scanner Bolsters Aadhaar Authentication
National ID Month: 4 Biometric Countries
National ID Month: 4 Aspects of Aadhaar
Biometric System to Track Teacher Attendance in India
Delhi Government Mulls Biometric Attendance for Hospitals
BRIEF: Meet Aadhaar, the World's Most Ambitious National ID Program
Tags: Aadhaar, biometrics, Iris, Iritech, national ID, time and attendance


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Statement: Women Want A Shake-Up At The Congressional Budget Office
Victoria Coley
In 2014 Women Voted for Fiscal Sanity in the Midterms
WHAT WOMEN WANT:
ANOTHER SHAKE UP, THIS TIME IN THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D.C. - Earlier this year, the Independent Women's Forum released Lean Together, a set of carefully-crafted recommendations to reform economic policy in areas including tax policy, regulatory reform, healthcare, and education. Congress has yet to take action on those recommendations. Little wonder. In recent years the Congressional Budget Office, which provides the official score for the effect of legislation on the federal budget, has suggested incorrectly that legislation with statutory effects similar to those proposed in Lean Together would add to the federal deficit or harm the economy. But the CBO is simply wrong.
Independent Women's Forum Executive Director Sabrina Schaeffer released the following statement:
"The American public has elected a new Congress – one that is committed to fiscal discipline and restoring economic liberty. Women especially voted against the failed progressive policies of the Obama Administration. Now Congress has the opportunity to appoint a new CBO director – one who is not reflexively hostile to the economic ideas to improve the lives of women embodied in Lean Together.
"There are dozens of respected, fiscally conservative economists with credibility who would provide the CBO with true independence. An appointee who would be transparent and provide independent, useful assessments when calculating the impact of proposed policy changes and legislation – like The Family Act, the Affordable Care Act, or a minimum wage hike – on the federal budget, the economy, and families' pocketbooks.
"Too many members of Congress become entrenched in their own power and lose sight of what their constituents sent them to Washington to achieve. Voters were loud and clear in the midterms: It's time Republicans in Congress reject the idea that CBO director Douglas Elmendorf deserves another term. If they truly want to rein in the progressive state and runaway government spending, they must opt to restore the CBO to its constitutional function and choose their own director."
www.iwf.org
Independent Women's Forum works to improve the lives of Americans by increasing the number of women who value free-markets and personal liberty.
Victoria R Coley
Independent Women's Forum | www.iwf.org


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text:
Q: Find minimum values of numpy columns Looking to print the minimum values of numpy array columns.
I am using a loop in order to do this.
The array is shaped (20, 3) and I want to find the min values of columns, starting with the first (i.e. col_value=0)
I have coded
col_value=0
for col_value in X:
    print(X[:, col_value].min)
    col_value += 1

However, it is coming up with an error
"arrays used as indices must be of integer (or boolean) type"
How do I fix this?

A: Let me suggest an alternative approach that you might find useful. numpy min() has axis argument that you can use to find min values along various
dimensions.
Example:
X = np.random.randn(20, 3)
print(X.min(axis=0))

prints numpy array with minimum values of X columns.

A: You don't need col_value=0 nor do you need col_value+=1.
x = numpy.array([1,23,4,6,0])
print(x.min())

EDIT:
Sorry didn't see that you wanted to iterate through columns.
import numpy as np
X = np.array([[1,2], [3,4]])

for col in X.T:
    print(col.min())

A: Transposing the axis of the matrix is one the best solution.
X=np.array([[11,2,14],
            [5,15, 7],
            [8,9,20]])
X=X.T #Transposing the array
for i in X:
    print(min(i))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Oh, Ian! I'm SO pleased! Congratulations!!!
Congratulations, Ian! This is wonderful news! As I was editing this novel for you, I was spellbound myself – I always knew it would take off once it got the recognition it deserved!


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The readjustment of the IT market from the high of two years ago has left companies struggling under the pressure of inflated workers' salaries. Meanwhile, a cut-price contractor market is competing rigorously with services providers for business. Agnes King takes a look at firms dodging the landslide.
While announcing KAZ Group's annual results in August, managing director Peter Kazacos signalled the company is facing something of a human crisis. "We're carrying a lot of people at higher salary than some of our competitors, which makes it difficult to be competitive when margins are coming down," Kazacos says.
Salaries for IT positions have fallen 20 per cent across the board from two years ago on the back of the tech slowdown, according to IT recruitment firm Candle. At the peak of the IT industry in 2000, a project manager commanded an average salary of $105,000. Today, a new employee in the same role would get about $80K minus the perks.
With Australia's top 10 IT outsourcers carrying between 1,000 and 7,000 staff, of which 60 to 85 per cent fill technical roles, the expense quickly adds up. Using a salary gap of $25,000 for, say, 60 per cent of staff, the smallest of these outsourcers could save $15 million annually and the largest $105 million if they were to re-employ their staff at current rates. Add to this the 20 per cent average per employee for superannuation, holiday loading and other benefits, and you have yourself a tidy sum indeed.
In a climate where sizeable projects are precious, there is no room for such discrepancies. What separates the win of a contract from a loss these days is marginal, compressed by a flat local market fraught with conservative IT budgets, a paralysed US market, and investors cracking the whip for increased performance to recover a mere percentage of the billions lost on technology stocks worldwide.
Perhaps because of the extent of the pressure being applied, IT companies have been admirably resourceful in their bid to survive. In an effort to avoid inflated labour costs, many, such as Indian-based Infosys, are filling positions with cheaper workers sourced from overseas talent pools. The firm caused a right ruckus in September by announcing that 60 of the 100 programmers at its Victorian software development facility will be Indian expatriates.
The Australian Department of Immigration, Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (DIMIA) issued 4,899 temporary ICT (information and communication technology) visas between 2000-2001, and a further 3,612 in 2001-2002. Data collated by DIMIA shows that within this period, 25 per cent of all applications for skilled migration to Australia were in the area of ICT. The minimum government salary requirement for temporary employees -- $34,075, excluding superannuation and other benefits -- makes sponsoring them an attractive proposition for Australian businesses, says Alan Rigas, principal at Sydney-based consulting firm Alan Rigas & Associates, which specialises in migration services. (The minimum salary was to be revised on November 1, with preliminary estimates suggesting an increase of about $1,700).
Rigas says some companies may be deterred from the economic advantages by concerns about the standard of foreign workers' qualifications and training, as well as cultural differences. But the fact that they are so cheap in the marketplace will tempt many organisations to utilise them, at least to some extent.
From the candidates' point of view, $34K is significantly more then they might receive in their home countries. "The expense of travel, processing and resettlement here is negated by the fact that they come out ahead," says Rigas. Added to the attraction is the safe and high standard of living that Australia provides.
What DIMIA's temporary visa figures don't include is the number of short-stay visas (sub-class 456, entitling a three-month stay), used by multinational outfits like Dimension Data to move a low-cost mobile workforce of network engineers, programmers and consultants around the globe.
Dimension Data CEO Steve Nola says that while in the past the company would send development projects offshore, it now imports a team of, say, South African engineers for a specific integration task before shipping them home again.
"As part of a global business, we have the ability to use resources internally from countries where the cost of employment is less," says Nola. In many ways, it's simply a more sophisticated version of housing a call centre in the Philippines.
Similarly, EDS has a network of 13 Global Competitive Resourcing (GCR) centres, including one in Adelaide, which compete aggressively for development projects tendered by large multinationals. In these tenders, the customer's geographical position, or that of the development centre, is irrelevant except in relation to the cost of labour in the region, the availability of resources and the particular expertise -- for example, Australia is renowned for its financial, banking and credit-related applications.
The side-effect of this migratory practice, however, is that Australian contractors are being forced to compete more aggressively for work. Nola says the amount of redundancies over the last 12 months has created an artificial contractor market, which is competing more rigorously for business than Di Data's peers.
"If you look at the volume of work being undertaken by contractors today as opposed to three years ago, it's much higher," says Nola. "Unemployed contractors, in order to survive, are picking up business at lower rates because that's their competitive advantage. This puts strain on hourly rates across the board. For example, you can pick up an HTML developer today for about $25 an hour, whereas in the past you'd probably pay about $180 an hour." Reliable estimates drawn from ABN (Australian Business Number) applications suggest that in the first three quarters of 2002, 12,500 new ITC businesses were formed. Anecdotal evidence indicates that a significant portion of these are independent contractors setting up shop.
At the same time, Philip Attard, director of strategy and marketing for HP's South Pacific services division, observes that the lifespan of the average contract is being reduced from seven to three years. This means that outsourcers can no longer recoup margin on the falling cost of hardware and maintenance by amortising their investment over a long period of time.
With such pressure upon them, how do companies readjust? The obvious reaction is to cap wages and start sacking people. Alternatively, they can cull business units altogether like Dimension Data did with its Web and online development division and Powerlan did with its hardware services arm. It amounts to the same thing in the end. Job cuts is a pastime that the IT industry has indulged in with gusto over the last 18 months, especially since IT is one of the least unionised sectors -- the ability of pressure groups to make things prickly for companies is seriously retarded.
In October, outsourcing vendor CSC quietly laid off 17 employees after completing a project; a handful of the victims of curtailed spending by large accounts. The retrenchments formed the second phase of a plan to "control costs and realign resources", following a ploy by CSC's US headquarters to offer voluntary extended leave (six months at 20 per cent pay) to its 66,000 employees.
At the same time, EDS, Australia's most profitable IT outsourcer at last count, announced in October than it had fallen well short of its revenue and earnings targets for both the third and fourth quarters. The company has launched a company-wide cost-cutting initiative including a 3 to 4 per cent staff reduction, which if implemented in Australia would mean the loss of 280 jobs.
Meanwhile, mergers are providing excellent cover for eliminating expensive roles from within organisations. Account managers mysteriously disappeared from the ranks of the combined HP/Compaq as recently as October, aside from the 15 per cent of staff that were ejected in the initial marriage.
Casualties are also expected from the recent acquisition of PricewaterhouseCoopers by IBM Global Services, although reports are afoot that IBM has been shedding staff all year. It's worth noting that the Industrial Relations Commission does recognise the difference between genuine redundancy and simply getting rid of someone who is too expensive. What's more, getting bailed up in the path of legal recourse is intricate and expensive, according to Lizanne Bennett, industrial officer at the Association of Professional Engineers, Scientists and Managers, Australia.
Companies are looking at around $5,000 in legal fees for an unfair dismissal claim at a state level and upwards of $2,000 a day under Federal jurisdiction, where the case must be argued by a barrister. It's often better for businesses to negotiate a settlement before things reach this extent, or to avoid it altogether by writing redundancy clauses into individual contracts.
By the same token, the government is not blind to the pressures business face, especially that of small proprietors. Federal and state legislation relieves companies with 15 or less employees from paying redundancy packages beyond any entitlements that an employee has earned prior to dismissal. The Federal Minister For Small Business, Tony Abbott, is currently attempting a review of the Workplace Relations Regulations to increase this number to 20 staff or less.
Overall, it's almost impossible to get an accurate fix on the number of IT positions that have been made redundant over the last two years. In July, however, the number of job cuts caught the attention of Abbott, who acknowledged that growth in the ICT sector had plateaued and unemployment rates among computing professionals had risen significantly. As a result, the Immigration Minister, Philip Ruddock, announced a suspension of priority processing for foreign ICT workers and a revised "Occupations in Demand" list was issued in August, which left all but five specialisations acknowledged as being in short supply. This compares to a list of 26 categories originally outlined in 2000.
Exasperatingly, even within this environment, IT companies say good help is excruciatingly hard to come by. Dimension Data's Nola says there is no way he can consider capping wages because in such a competitive market for quality staff, market-related salaries must be paid simply in order to retain people.
The market is so competitive, in fact, that Dimension Data offers incentives to staff to recommend people -- staff get commission on successful applicants and if the employee remains with the company for a certain period of time, an additional fee is received. Towards the same end, HP invests a large amount of dollars every year on a sophisticated training and staff-retention strategy aimed at skilling up staff ahead of demand and relocate them throughout its worldwide pool so that employees feel constantly challenged. The ability to move people up, even if this means overseas placement, enables HP to give the employee the equivalent amount of responsibility for their salary bracket, rather than being caught in short supply and having to overpay.
For smaller setups, however, the cost of training, both in terms of lost opportunity and the courses themselves, can be too great, which results in firms employing a highly qualified candidate and paying whatever it takes.
Meanwhile, employees are not realigning their skills, expertise and expectations with the degree of urgency that the industry requires. Among distributors, for example, Lan 1 marketing manager Glen Jones says finding sales people who are "hunters" rather than "gatherers" is by far the greatest challenge. Out of a sales force of 10, there may only be three or four hunters, one or two wannabe hunters and the rest happily gathering. Jones blames this on high base salaries, which dulls the incentive to perform.
When Lan 1 went looking for IT telemarketers, Jones says the price that agencies were asking and the skills set telemarketers had in the desired areas were completely out of alignment. When Lan 1 suggested reducing the base salary and increasing incentives, the agencies flatly refused.
But this is about to change, says Emma Stoneham, marketing communications manager for Candle. In her observation, sweeteners such as free cars, health benefits and bonuses are no longer offered up-front but are considered after 12 months when a candidate has demonstrated a positive impact on the business.
By and large, the expectations of employers has risen. Companies expect a single project manager to oversee eight projects and technical staff to have the exact mix of skills for their environment -- operating systems, database applications, programming languages and hardware platforms -- even if it means stalling the project for an extra six weeks to find such staff.
In addition to this, IT employers want technical skills wrapped in business savvy. "In a lot of cases today, the technology is not that crucial to clients. They want to understand how a technology can provide a business benefit," explains Nola. "If you can get technical people that have some commercial and business skill, then you have the perfect person." The perfect employee looks something like this: a combination of IT experience, business savvy, salesmanship, problem-solving skills and strong relationships with executives.
And while Stoneham says that these expectations are bordering on unrealistic, it's only natural that IT companies should transfer the pressure being applied to them onto the marketplace.


text:
Encyclopedia of African History, Volume 1
Kevin Shillington
Fitzroy Dearborn, 2005 - Africa - 1824 pages
Covering the entire continent from Morocco, Libya, and Egypt in the north to the Cape of Good Hope in the south, and the surrounding islands from Cape Verde in the west to Madagascar, Mauritius, and Seychelles in the east, this A-Z reference examines the history of the entire African continent. With entries ranging from the earliest evolution of human beings in Africa to the beginning of the twenty-first century, this comprehensive three-volume Encyclopedia is the first reference of this scale and scope. In nearly 1,100 entries, the Encyclopedia not only examines the well-established topics in African history but also looks at the social, economic, linguistic, anthropological, and political subjects that are being re-evaluated or newly opened for historical analysis by recent research and publication.
Encyclopedia of African History
Only in the last half of the 20th century was a widespread belief that Africa was a "Dark Continent" without history and frozen in "primitivism" replaced by the research of scholars working in the ... Read full review
Encyclopedia of African History: A - G.. 1
Kevin Shillington is currently based in London and works as a freelance historian. He holds an MA and PhD in African History from the University of London and his publications include "Jugnauth: Prime Minister of Mauritius" (1991) and "Ghana and the Rawlings Factor "(1992).
Title Encyclopedia of African History, Volume 1
Encyclopedia of African History, Kevin Shillington, ISBN 1579582451, 9781579582456
Author Kevin Shillington
Editor Kevin Shillington
Publisher Fitzroy Dearborn, 2005


LINDALE -- Tanner Roach came off the bench to throw two second-half touchdowns that propelled Whitehouse past Lindale, 28-17, on Friday in the regular-season finale at Eagle Stadium and put Whitehouse back in the playoffs for the first time since 2013.
Roach, who has shared time under center with Jake Clemons on and off this season, threw touchdowns to Zach Parker and Isaac Little on back-to-back drives as part of three-straight scoring drives to open the second half.
Roach who had been plagued by interceptions early in district play, took over for Clemons late in the second quarter and finished 15-for-18 for 195 yards and two touchdowns and added another 55 rushing yards.
Parker, who caught a season-high 10 passes in last week's loss to Corsicana, hauled in seven passes for 149 yards and two touchdowns.
Running back Braylon Shackleford added 30 yards and a touchdown on six carries.
Whitehouse (6-4 overall, 2-3 in District 17-5A) outrushed Lindale 147-112, marking the first time Whitehouse out-rushed an opponent this season and only the third time the team amassed at least 100 rushing yards.
Lindale quarterback Montana Meador ran for two touchdowns and passed for another 161 yards in the loss. Meador also completed 11 of 22 passes for 161 yards. Running back Jordan Robinson added another 53 yards on 10 carries.
The Eagles finished the season 2-8 overall and 1-4 in district.