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The comfy soft shape of this knit romper is defined by a drawstring waist and a whimsical print from Jenni by Jennifer Moore.


Things To Do On Monday, February 16.
What's on the docket for tonight? Well, you could always try your hand (and face) at competitive slapping.
It's all the rage, maybe? I mean, where else are you going to see some burly dudes open-palm smacking each other in the kisser just for grins?


稳定性Stability Stable, but may discolour upon exposure to light. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides.
英文名称:Gallic acid, 99%, from Rhus chinensis Mill.


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Man Utd transfer gossip: Target breaks silence as star set for huge new deal
There have been developments with three of Manchester United's rumoured defensive targets over the past 24 hours
Come on in and join the club! Get our daily Manchester United email newsletter
Manchester United could have a busy end to the January transfer window - and there have been plenty of developments over the past 24 hours.
Three of their rumoured central defensive targets could potentially be off the market, forcing them to look elsewhere, whilst another player said to be on their shortlist has broken his silence.
There is also an update on one of their key players, who could be handed a massive new contract to warn off Europe's top clubs and keep him at Old Trafford.
Here's a look at a few of the most interesting stories to recently emerge concerning Manchester United.
You can also keep up to date with every completed Premier League transfer so far here.
Eder Militao is on the verge of joining Real Madrid (Image: AFP/Getty Images)
Ole Gunnar Solskjaer 'set for make-or-break interview' to decide Man Utd future
Developments with defensive targets
It is no secret Manchester United are in the market for defensive reinforcements in January.
But there have been significant developments with three of their targets which could force them to turn their attentions elsewhere.
Reports in Italy suggest Inter Milan are preparing to offer a huge new deal to Milan Skriniar to keep him at the club.
Brazilian defender Eder Militao is also understood to be closing in on a move to Real Madrid, meaning two of United's rumoured targets could be off the market.
Meanwhile, Turkish youngster Ozan Kabak, 18, has joined German club Stuttgart on a long-term deal after previously being watched by United scouts.
Rashford is set to land a bumper new deal (Image: Mike Hewitt/Getty Images)
Most expensive squad in world football revealed - and it's in the Premier League
Rashford in line for huge new deal
Manchester United are ready to offer Marcus Rashford a bumper new deal to fend off interest from Europe's top clubs.
Some of the biggest clubs in Europe including Real Madrid and Juventus are understood to be monitoring Rashford's situation as they look to pounce in the summer.
But Old Trafford chiefs are now understood to be ready to open talks over a whopping £150,000 a week contract that would double his wages.
His current deal expires in 18 months, and although the club have an option for an additional year, they are keen to tie him down to a long-term arrangement.
David Brooks (right) has been linked with Man Utd (Image: Alex Livesey)
Marko Arnautovic transfer news: Manuel Pellegrini reveals ONLY way star leaves
Brooks speaks out on Utd interest
Bournemouth star David Brooks has emerged as a rumoured Manchester United target this transfer window.
The Wales international has starred since arriving in the Premier League in a £12m summer move from Sheffield United.
But the 21-year-old has broken his silence on rumours linking him with Old Trafford and insisted he's fully committed to the Cherries.
"I signed a four-year contract with Bournemouth and that's all I'm thinking about," Brooks said.
"As well as training hard, putting in performances and trying to help the team do as well as possible.
"Speculation is nothing – it's for the newspapers and things like that. It's different if a bid comes in but this is all rumours and is nothing to do with me."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Buffalo County: Letting the Land Determine the Legacy
Larry and Jane Linse operate a 300-acre century farm just outside of Modena. The Linses worked with the Farm Service Agency and the NRCS to revitalize their land by stabilizing eroded streambanks, completing a prescribed grazing plan, interseeding pastures, planting pollinator habitat and much more.
Read more (252 KB pdf)
Burnett County: Wild Rice (Manoomin) Seeding
The St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin focus on conservation activities and programs to ensure sound management of natural resources. The tribe recently partnered with NRCS to combat the decline of wild rice populations and help restore the traditional tribal crop through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program.
Crawford County: It Takes a Village...
Meet Crawford County Conservationist Dave Troester and learn about an idea that grew into almost 4,000 acres of cover crops aerially applied in the county to increase soil health through partnerships.
Brown County: Grazing to Improve Public Land Wildlife Habitat
Carl and Kathy Tennessen bought two beef cows at the request of their young daughter and sure enough, caught the hobby farm bug, adding more cows, chickens and rabbits. With the help of NRCS, read how they made grazing work on public land and also increased wildlife habitat at the same time.
Calumet County: Partnership is Key to Success
Brothers, Joe and Don Geiser, and Don's son, Adam, were determined to address their nutrient management, environmental and farm management concerns brought on by their farmland's karst topography. Read how the Geisers used cover crops, developed a nutrient management plan and more, with the help of NRCS.
Marathon County: Finding "Common Ground"
Jason Cavadini is a soil health hero in his professional and personal life. As the Assistant Superintendent of the Marshfield Ag Research Center, Jason has been researching how the principals of soil health respond in the cool, wet soil of North Central Wisconsin. Read more about how Jason partners with NRCS to host soil health days and trainings and installed a prescribed grazing system.
Columbia County: Wetland Management Landowner Workshop
The NRCS and the Wisconsin Wetlands Association partnered to hold a free workshop focusing on benefits of the NRCS Wetland Reserve Program for landowners.
Polk County: "Farming Ugly" on the Field Can Pay Off
David Randall is not afraid to "farm ugly," leaving residue on his fields. With the help of NRCS, he's no-till planting, cover cropping, doing split nutrient applications, and more to improve his soil's health.
Richland County: From Renter, to Steward of the Land
Steve Banker rents a farm house nestled high on a bank over looking Knapps Creek. After recent storm events, some of the banks highly eroded. With the help of NRCS, he was able to address the erosion issues and restore the stream.
Farming Regeneratively
to Leave a Legacy
Meet Mark and Lucy Doudlah, farmers in Cooksville, Wisconsin, who produce 20 different crops and raise free-range, grass-fed meat using one guiding principle – being regenerative.
Ozaukee Demo Farm Field Day
Highlighting No-Till Planter Setup, Tips and Tricks
Madison, Wis –
 Over 85 farmers and partners attended the first ever Ozaukee County Demo Farm field day on Wednesday, April 3, 2019. The NRCS and the Ozaukee County Land & Water partnered to develop and support the network of farms that are demonstrating the best conservation practices to reduce phosphorus entering Lake Michigan. Learn more about no-till planter setup and tune up by reading the full feature story.
Full Feature Story
Today and All Days
Thank Our Farmers
We celebrate by highlighting just a few of the farmers working hard to grow
food, fiber, and fuel for our nation and beyond. These farmers dedicate their
lives to providing for us all. Today and every day, join us in thanking them.
THANK YOU, FARMERS!
Celebrating 25+ Years Restoring Wetlands
Did you know every year, Wisconsin NRCS wetland easements have the potential to remove over 56 million pounds of nitrogen and 730,000 pounds of phosphorous from urban and agricultural runoff? Wetland easements hold multiple benefits and we're celebrating them!
 In Wisconsin, NRCS is celebrating over 25 years of working with private landowners across the state to restore and protect over 68,000 acres of wetlands and related habitats that deliver an array of ecosystem services for generations to enjoy.
Wisconsin NRCS Wetland Easements
Grant County: Farm Bill Programs Assist in Habitat Restoration
Dan Bolin wanted to restore his acreage to native prairie, along with maintaining his woodlots for wildlife and production timber. Read how Dan partnered with USDA's NRCS and FSA to reach his land management goals.
Read more (1.6 MB KB pdf)
Trempealeau County: Partners for Pollinators
Dan and Lorraine Beck wanted to restore their land and also build pollinator habitat with a diverse mix of native forbs, legumes and grasses. Read how the USDA's NRCS and FSA partnered to transform the acreage.
Winnebago County: Saving Energy Makes Sense for Hinz Farm LLC
Father-son duo, Mike and Dan, invested in their operation with the help of NRCS, assessing, planning and implementing practices that save them money and energy on the farm.
In the 2018 Annual Report, you will see snapshots of our approach in getting conservation practices on the ground to use our land productively. You'll learn about our program and outreach successes, along with highlights of the work we do, which is strongly focused on meeting Farm Bill responsibilities in a cost-effective, timely and accountable manner.
Read the Annual Report
 In the Success Story Highlights, you'll meet farmers and landowners from across the state who work with NRCS to implement conservation while maintaining viable business operations providing food, fiber and energy that contribute to the economy, creating a more sustainable future for all of us.
Read Success Story Highlights
Log-Grown Shiitake Mushrooms
Misty Dawn Farm Shares the Magic
Siitakes and logs are two peas in a pod. When talking with Ingrid and Paul West, of Misty Dawn Farm in Stoughton, Wisconsin, you'll certainly learn why. The Wests lovingly care for their harvested logs that produce homegrown shiitake mushrooms.
Learn how they partnered with NRCS to revitalize their forested acres and used their harvest to grow the healthy diet staple, a savory mushroom many can't get enough of.
Early Successional Habitat Development—Alder Shearing
In Ashland County, Steven and Debbie Thurber wanted to create better habitat for birds, deer and other wildlife on their property. They partnered with the NRCS through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) to restore their property.
Eau Claire County: Restoring Wetlands
for Wildlife
In Eau Claire County, William Connelly owns 311 acres and was interested in restoring and managing his land for wildlife habitat and water quality. He partnered wtih NRCS to restore his wetland and create pollinator-friendly habitat.
Partnership Teaches Sustainable Practices and Resource Management
In Vilas County, NRCS partners with Trees for Tomorrow to provide students with hands-on field experiences in natural resources education.
Wanting a Change...
In Jefferson County, Kirsten Jurcek worked with NRCS to implement a prescribed grazing plan through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program. She also enrolled in the Conservation Stewardship Program and established an agricultural conservation easement on her acreage.
Making the Dream Come True
In Lafayette County, beginning farmers Caleb and
Eva worked with NRCS to install high tunnels and
micro-irrigation, while also converting a low production crop field to a rotationally grazed pasture for sheep.
Positive Steps Towards Energy Conservation
In Price County, United Pride Dairy partnered with NRCS through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) to develop a comprehensive nutrient management plan. They also enrolled in EQIP to replace lighting through the On Farm Energy Initiative.
Fridays On The Farm:
The Proof Is in the SoilThis Friday, meet Derek Van De Hey, one of six northeast
Wisconsin farmers participating in a project that's demonstrating how cutting-edge
conservation practices – like no-till and cover crops – are reducing agriculture's impact
on water quality in Lake Michigan. At the same time, these practices are
leading to improvements for Van De Hey's farm operation, too.
Bucks are seen in one of the pens at the Wilderness Whitetails breeding farm in Rosholt, Wis. on Sept. 9, 2018. Fatal chronic wasting disease has spread among Wisconsin's wild and captive deer populations since 2002. There have been no CWD-positive tests from this farm. Rich Kremer/WPR
CWD Spreads on Deer
and Elk
Farms as Wisconsin's Control Efforts Stumble
Beginning Farmer Builds Habitat and Soil Health Through Prescribed Grazing
In Chippewa County, beginning farmers Ryan and Emily Anderson wanted to build habitat for grassland birds and beneficial pollinators, while also working on their soil's health. The Andersons achieved this goal by partnering with NRCS to install and implement a rotational grazing system.
Nonpoint Source Success: Restoration of Pleasant Valley Branch Through Stream Corridor Rehabilitation
In Dane County, multiple conservation partners worked together to restore the Pleasant Valley Branch of streams located in the Gordon Creek Watershed to benefit wildlife habitat and coldwater native fish species. Over 2 miles of stream was restored to decrease sediment inputs and improve riparian corridors and habitat, while also addressing nonpoint source issues.
Healthy Soil Provides Numerous Benefits
In Manitowoc County, Matt Rataczak, NRCS District Conservationist, discusses the numerous benefits of healthy soil and what farmers can do to join in on the movement by implementing principles like no-till and cover crops on their farm.
In Wisconsin's Great Lakes Region, New Horizons Dairy, a Fox Demo Farm, thrives through focusing on conservation that is environmentally sound and profitable. Read how the farm partners with NRCS through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative to try different multi-species cover crops, maximizing their soil's health.
What is the first impression you get when looking at our earth and soil? Many would answer, its color. Vivid colors and striking differences in soil can catch one's eye. Soil colors can help us predict mineral content, chemical composition, physical properties and other important natural resource characteristics.
Wisconsin state parks and forests feature a variety of diverse landscapes and soils. Click the link below to see highlights of state park and forest soils, compare them to your local soils, and learn how the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service is using soil colors to help farmers understand their most important resource.
In Sauk County, Conservation Observance Day was held to recognize the Yanke Family, of Echo-Y Farms, for their outstanding achievements in protecting and enhancing our state's natural resources. Read about the day and check out a video highlight featuring conservation practices on the farm.
Video Highlight (YouTube)
In Dunn County, Jason and Melissa Schutz own and operate a beef farm nestled in a peaceful valley with springs feeding Annis Creek, a class one trout stream. The Schutzs wanted to improve their farm efficiency while also improving their water quality. Read how they partnered with NRCS through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program to install a new watering facility.
In Juneau County, the Ho-Chunk Nation wanted to restore a 272-acre native upland and wetland habitat. Partnering with NRCS, the tribe was able to stabilize over 2,500 feet of streambank, restore a 41-acre prairie, install a stream crossing, and more. Read how the tribe successfully restored their property through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program.
In Outagamie County, Debbie Boettcher and her husband, worked with the USDA Farm Service Agency and the Natural Resources Conservation Service to plant pollinator habitat and hold an educational pollinator walk on their land.
In Portage County, the benefits of grassland conservation for prairie chickens and other wildlife in central Wisconsin are highlighted. With the help of NRCS, grassland habitat was expanded and wildlife are thriving.
Read more (1.4 MB pdf)
In Rock County,a field day was held to showcase precision agriculture and water quality. Read highlights on edge-of-field monitoring, cover crops, and more.
In Eau Claire County, Mary E. Fitz Memorial Park Trust and Landmark Conservancy partnered with NRCS to create a place of conservation for the enjoyment of the citizens of Eau Claire. Find out how they partnered to restore grasslands through the NRCS Environmental Quality Incentives Program.
In Green County, a single engine crop duster dropped thousands of pounds of cover crop seeds on fields of corn and soybeans as they began to ripen, just weeks ahead of fall harvest. Find out how this was made possible through the financial and technical assistance of the NRCS Environmental Quality Incentives Program.
 In Iowa County, David and Diane Anderson are avid birding enthusiasts and conservationists. Find out how they worked with NRCS through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program and the Conservation Stewardship Program to benefit their grazing acreage while also planting perennial vegetation for grassland bird species.
Wisconsin Reservation Offers A Climate
Success Story And A Warning
This road was lined with homes before the town of Odanah, Wis. moved to higher ground. Joe Proudman/UC Davis
When Star Ames was a child there was a flood. The streets were like rivers and the houses like islands. It was 1960 and the village of Odanah, Wis. was up to its neck.
The town had been built on the banks of the Bad River, in the floodplain. "I remember watching the river come up," Ames says. "Every place we thought was high enough, the water kept coming up."
Odanah was home to thousands of members of the Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Chippewa Tribe, and, as the water rose, people were trapped. "My dad went house to house in a boat and evacuated people," Star remembers, "taking people out through their second story windows."
Star Ames lives on the Bad River Reservation in northern Wisconsin. Her father was the longtime tribal chairman for the Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Chippewa Tribe, and helped instigate the relocation of the town of Odanah. Joe Proudman/UCDavis
Ames' father, Donald, was the tribal chairman at the time. "What I remember the most about [the flood] was that my father was really frustrated that they couldn't move," says Ames. "He wanted to move the village."
After the big flood in 1960, Ames set out to move thousands of Odanah residents to higher ground. In 1963, the Bad River Housing Authority was established and a couple years later the first displaced families moved into new houses — some of them federally subsidized single-family homes, most of them duplex rentals — a few miles up the highway.
It was the beginning of a monumental shift in life on the reservation. In the three decades or so after the 1960 flood, waves of people moved out of the flood plain until virtually the entire town had relocated to higher ground.
The timing could hardly have been better. At the same time that Odanah was moving, climate change was beginning to affect the region, increasing the risk of catastrophic floods. In the end, and largely by accident, Odanah became an early example of one of the most controversial options for a community trying to cope with climate change: retreating altogether.
The great unknown relocation
Nicholas Pinter first heard about Odanah a few year ago, and immediately wondered why he hadn't heard about it before.
Pinter, a geologist at the University of California, Davis, studies floods — where they happen and how humans deal with them. He's particularly interested in places where repeated, severe floods have forced entire towns to move. So-called managed retreat is a hot topic as climate change drives global sea level rise and more frequent and severe rainstorms in many parts of the country.
It's perhaps the most drastic of the many ways a town can deal with flooding. Upgrading drainage systems, raising buildings and building sea walls don't require people to leave their homes. Nonetheless, for some communities, complete relocation appears to be the best option.
"The U.S. is, right now, spending tens of millions and may in the future be spending hundreds of millions of dollars on managed treat, on community relocation," says Pinter. "They should be looking to the lessons of history."
Pinter is studying multiple towns, hoping to provide some of those historical lessons about how and why towns move out of harm's way.
James Rees, left, and Nicholas Pinter of the University of California, Davis, gather housing data in the town of Odanah, Wis. Joe Proudman/UC Davis
 Some places have already gotten attention for relocating, such as Valmeyer, Ill., which moved after a huge Mississippi River flood in 1993, and Staten Island's Oakwood Beach, which retreated after Hurricane Sandy.
"Odanah was the great unknown relocation," Pinter says. The town wasn't moving because of climate change, per se, but as people moved out of the flood plain, rainstorms were getting more frequent and severe. There have been multiple major floods in the region in recent years, culminating in a 2016 deluge that led the governor of Wisconsin to declare a state of emergency.
"In a way, Odanah was very successfully moved right before the monster flood, the 2016 flood, came through. That saved many hundreds of structures from potential flood damage," says Pinter. But exactly how many buildings were saved is more difficult to calculate. Pinter and James Rees, a student at the University of California, Davis, are combining old maps with satellite data and laborious in-person counting to figure out the answer.
"It takes a lot of work, but we'll be able to estimate how much damage would have occurred in 2016 if this town hadn't moved before that flood happened," explains Rees.
Mike LaGrew explains where people lived along the banks of the Bad River in Old Odanah. Scientists trying to understand and quantify the effects of the town's move are using everything from hand-drawn maps to satellite images in their analysis.
Joe Proudman/UC Davis
The team hopes that putting hard numbers to damage avoided will be helpful for governments in other places that are trying to make similar decisions, weighing the costs of moving against the potential for future catastrophe. Long-term risks are notoriously difficult for local governments to plan for, and this is especially true for disasters like floods, which have a low likelihood of happening in any given year.
For that reason, moving out of the flood plain before the big flood is almost unheard of, which is what makes Odanah exciting.
"I don't want to tell them what their narrative is, but from an outside perspective, you had a relocation very well-timed," says Pinter. "It's usually right after a major flood. Here the real monster, in terms of quantity of water, came through after the relocation."
But that's not how it feels to some people on the Bad River Reservation.
Forced relocation
This is not the first time the people of Bad River have had to move. In fact, the tribe's existence in Wisconsin is itself the result of a relocation.
Odanah's original spot in the flood plain was chosen, as the oral history goes, by Ojibwe people from Maine. Driven west by invading Europeans, they eventually found a place where food grew on water. The food was wild rice and the water was the Bad River, where it flows into Lake Superior.
In 1854, the Bad River Band signed a treaty with the federal government to control about 125,000 acres of land, with Odanah at its heart. People still bring up the move, and the treaty, in conversation today.
And there was another, more recent relocation, also demanded by the federal government. In 1956, Congress passed what was known as the Indian Relocation Act, with the goal of cutting off support for American Indian tribes. The act created incentives for people living on reservations to move away from their allotted land and into cities.
Edith Leoso, the historian for the Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Chippewa Tribe, explains the area's flood history to Nicholas Pinter of the University of California, Davis. Joe Proudman/UC Davis
"They gave them a bus ticket, an apartment. Who wouldn't want that?" explains tribal historian Edith Leoso. Her own mother moved to Chicago in that period, around the same time that Odanah was beginning to relocate.
Many people who moved as a result of the Indian Relocation Act describe feeling displaced. In some parts of the country, entire tribes collapsed as the federal government ordered tribal governments to dissolve, and it became financially impossible for families to stay on their land.
This is the context in which Odanah began moving after the flood of the 1960. "I am a product of relocation," says Leoso. When she thinks about the town's move out of the flood plain and onto higher ground, she sees the latest example of federal government interference.
"It's just being forced to move," says Leoso. "It was a forced relocation, essentially. It wasn't something that we wanted to do. And that's something we've been forced to do all along."
Pinter says the side-by-side economic success and apparent cultural failure of the Odanah relocation is a wake-up call for federal and local governments. Native communities are disproportionately affected by climate-related flooding, in part because of that very same history of pushing Native peoples onto marginal land. Right now, the federal government is working on plans to move Native American towns in Alaska, Louisiana and elsewhere.
Even if those moves go smoothly from a technical standpoint, Odanah shows how they could potentially bring up a painful past.
"You know, you can draw a plan for a new town on the back of a napkin. That doesn't mean it's going to be a functional blueprint for a place that people can live in," says Pinter. "One of the things we've learned is that there are unique challenges in a Native American community, and, given that some of the headline relocation sites are Native American communities right now, they absolutely should be visiting Odanah and talking to the people here."
Highlights from the Summer Field Day 2018
The Lower Fox Demonstration Farms Network (Fox Demo Farms) is a Great Lakes Restoration Initiative project designed to showcase and demonstrate leading edge conservation practices that improve Great Lakes water quality by reducing phosphorus from entering Green Bay and Lake Michigan. See VIDEO HIGHLIGHTS of our summer field day featuring soil health practices, like no-till and cover crops, manure application methods, and much more!
The partnership is the first of its kind in the Great Lakes region and it consists of eight producers within the Fox River Basin, their crop consultants, Brown and Outagamie County Land and Water Conservation Departments, the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), and the University of Wisconsin-Extension.
USDA will invest more than $10.6 million for 22 new projects that will drive public and private sector innovation in conserving natural resources in 27 states, including Wisconsin. The competitive Conservation Innovation Grants program helps spur development and adoption of new conservation approaches and technologies.
In Calumet County, NRCS partners with the Forage Council Board to implement a suite of conservation practices. From cover crops and no-till to managed grazing and manure storage, read more about how board members are impacting soil health in the area.
In Manitowoc County, Hidden Valley Farm works with NRCS through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program to preserve land for wildlife and set up a rotational grazing system for their sheep and cattle.
 In Winnebago County, Gehrke Family Farms, LLC, is continuing its 4th generation of a conservation land ethic. Read how the family changed their dairy farm into a cropping operation focused on soil health principles.
Read more (1 MB pdf)
DRIFTLESS AREA
The Driftless Area is a natural resource treasure, providing habitat for a myriad of animals and fertile land for farmers, ranchers and foresters.
When erosion on the steep slopes of the region threatened habitat, water quality and farms' productivity, NRCS and producers came together to help protect this unique region. Click on the DRIFTLESS AREA button for more.
A Healthy Soil System
Building Organic Matter
Madison, Wis. – May 10, 2018 – The Door-Kewaunee Demonstration Farms Network is working to implement best management practices to reduce soil erosion and phosphorus runoff, increase soil organic matter and improve soil health. One of the primary indicators of a healthy soil system is its organic matter content. Learn how you can increase organic matter in your soils by building a healthy soil system and sign up to receive updates to attend future "Field Days on the Fly."
Success Story Highlights - Annual Report
In the Annual Report, you will see snapshots of NRCS Wisconsin's approach in getting conservation practices on the ground to use our land productively, now and for future generations. You'll learn about our program and outreach successes, along with highlights of the work we do, which is strongly focused on meeting Farm Bill responsibilities in a cost-effective, timely and accountable manner.
In Fond du Lac County, Hiemstra Dairy worked with NRCS to improve water quality by working on their farm's soil health. Read about the conservation steps Josh and his family took on their farm to help improve the Upper Rock River watershed.
In Kewaunee County, Jennifer Graefe installed a seasonal high tunnel with the help of NRCS to support her local community with fresh vegetables. Graefe is also planting six acres to benefit pollinators.
In Vernon County, Kevin and Carolyn Parr, of Harmony Hills Farms, converted cropland to rotationally grazed pasture to better meet their farming needs and goals. The transition helps conserve their soil and provides ample forage for their cattle in the process.
In Marinette County, beginning farmers, Aaron and Erin Pape, worked with NRCS to start a rotational grazing operation. Read more about the materials and plantings used to meet their goals.
In Sheboygan County, learn about Almeta Farms and their deep roots in conservation. Through implementing a conservation plan and installing practices, they are meeting their goal of leaving a legacy for the next generation, making the farm more productive and healthier than when they started.
In Taylor County, Allen and Karen Swoboda run a dairy farm with 60 cows. With the help of NRCS, they were able to upgrade their existing barnyard to control runoff. Learn more about the conservation practices installed to assess their resource concerns, while improving water quality and animal health.
Read more (1 MB KB pdf)
In Brown County, Jim Crawford and his wife, Carol, partnered with NRCS to restore pastureland for their sheep operation, while also creating more wildlife habitat and positively impacting the area watershed.
In Fond du Lac County, the Bord family has implemented various conservation practices to protect the land they operate and meet their bottom line. See how this former dairy operation transitioned to make their farm work.
In Washburn County, the Dahlstrom family has partnered with NRCS for over 40 years as good land stewards. Recently, Wayne and Jackie revitalized their 1,425-acre dairy and beef cattle operation by installing a variety of conservation practices.
Help us celebrate conservation farmers, like Jacob Marty, a beginning farmer working with NRCS to build a regenerative grazing operation in Monticello, Wisconsin.
"My livestock are managed
in ways that mimic their natural history and behavior. This results in healthy and happy animals that produce quality meat in the process." -Jacob
In Lafayette County, Two Onion Farms is working to build layers of conservation on their operation! Learn more about how this organic fruit and vegetable farm partnered with NRCS to extend their growing season with a seasonal high tunnel.
In Pierce County, Huber Farms Inc, has made a major shift in the past few years, selling the dairy herd, changing crop rotations, planning nutrient management, starting no-till and cover crops, and more. Learn more about how they revitalized their operation by keeping calm and farming on, with the help of NRCS.
In Sauk County, the Millers partnered with NRCS and the local conservation district to make conversion to prescribed grazing work on their farm. Learn more about how they installed livestock pipeline, fencing, grassed waterways and did forage and biomass plantings, converting 230 acres to prescribed grazing.
In Green County, cooperative conservation contributes to cleaner water through the National Water Quality Initiative. Learn more about the 6-year effort involving various partners and landowners to install over 130 best management practices in Green Lake Watershed.
In Jackson County, healthy soil principles and the importance they play on pollinator habitat is a key focus at the county fair. Learn more about soil profiles and find out which Wisconsin soils were showcased.
In Lincoln County, a longer growing season is a win-win for this producer. Learn more about Farmer Don Nichols and how he installed a seasonal high tunnel to plant various fruits and vegetables.
Meet Wisconsin's very own Richard DeWilde, of Harmony Valley Farm in Vernon County. His passion for healthy soil and growing organic food has led to a thriving organic community and happy consumers.
Helping People Help the Land
www.wi.nrcs.usda.gov
Bayfield County: Gaining Ground with an Innovative Asphalt Cattle Lot
Larry Ekholm runs a small beef farm and has been grazing cattle on heavy clay soils for many years. Ekholm worked with NRCS to transform his cattle operation by remodeling two barn lots and creating vegetative filtration areas. He also installed an asphalt lot, one of the first of its kind in the area.
Crawford County: 58 Years of Conservation and Counting
John and Norma Gillitzer, of Star Acres LLC, have been applying conservation on their land since they bought it in 1959. The Gillitzers worked with NRCS to fix soil erosion issues and combat gully erosion. They installed grade stabilization structures through EQIP.
Polk County: Partnership Fulfills Woodland Niche
NRCS, the Ruffed Grouse Society and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources formalized a partnership to provide funding for a new Forest Wildlife Specialist position. The partnership position focuses on young forest habitat in Northwestern Wisconsin, providing assistance to private landowners to develop sound forestry practices on their properties.
Soil Health Benefits
Green Lake Area Conservation Field Day Success
Learn in this NEW feature video, about how improving your soil's health is good for your farm, your yields and good for water quality downstream. Take a virtual tour with us at the first annual Green Lake Area Conservation Field Day. See our rainfall simulator in action, learn about the principles of soil health and see the impact they can make through a soil pit demonstration. Hear from Green Lake Association's Executive Director about how partnership efforts in the community are making a difference in Green Lake watershed's water quality.
Green Lake Area Conservation Field Days are a partnership effort between local farmers, Green Lake Association, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Green Lake County Land Conservation Department, Ripon FFA, UW-Extension, Green Lake County Farm Bureau and many volunteers. For more information about soil health and assistance available for farmers to implement conservation practices, visit www.wi.nrcs.usda.gov or contact your local NRCS service center.
New Video! Partnership Efforts Improve Great Lakes Water Quality
Featuring the Lower Fox Demonstration Farms Network
Members of the Lower Fox Demo Farms Network (Fox Demo Farms) are working to restore our natural resources through conservation, so future generations can continue the tradition of sustainable agriculture in northeast Wisconsin. Hear their stories and realize their results in this New Feature Video. Help us share and support their tremendous efforts.
The Fox Demo Farms is a Great Lakes Restoration Initiative project designed to showcase and demonstrate leading edge conservation practices that improve Great Lakes water quality by reducing phosphorus from entering Green Bay and Lake Michigan.
The partnership is the first of its kind in the Great Lakes region, consisting of six producers, their crop consultants, the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Brown and Outagamie County Land and Water and University of Wisconsin-Extension. For more information on this partnership effort or to attend an upcoming field day, visit www.foxdemofarms.org and follow us on Facebook and Twitter.
December, 2017
Madison, Wis. – December 21, 2017 – Welcome to the December edition of Successes from the Field!
Pepin County: A Prairie Christmas, Beauty in the Bloom
Brent and Christine Bauer own a 93 acre farm near Durand, Wis. The Bauers worked with NRCS and FSA to restore the acres to their original native condition. Find out how Wild Lupine, Wild Bergamot and other species are thriving from the partnership efforts.
Marathon County: Creative Conservation is Profitable
Shannon Nickolay operates a 300 cow dairy and 1,800 acres of cropland near Stratford, Wis. Find out how reduced tillage, a diverse rotation and cover crops as part of his soil health management system provide creative conservation solutions to his farms profitability and economics.
Read more (4165 KB pdf)
Barron County: New Partnership Boosts Soil Health
 The Farmers of Barron County Watersheds and NRCS partnered for a field day to demonstrate the difference no-till and cover crops can make in agricultural and grazing systems. Read about our rainfall simulator results!
Creating Wildlife Habitat Acre by Acre
In Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, meet Jessica and David Gales who grew up hunting and fishing. the Gales' young daughters share their love of the outdoors. that's why they are teaching the importance of natural resources conservation by restoring native grasses and habitat to their land.
See the interactive story map featured nationally or read the full feature story.
Madison, Wis. – November 30, 2017 – Welcome to the November edition of Successes from the Field!
Clark County: Three Generations Strong
 Malm's Rolling Acres, a dairy farm near Loyal, Wis., implements conservation to maintain farm health, soil fertility and profitability. Three generations, Robert, Mitch and Max Malm, partnered with NRCS to install a barnyard sediment basin and waste storage, while also implementing cover crops and nutrient management. Read more (155 KB pdf)
Dunn County: Building Our Future Conservationists
 Children are our future when it comes to protecting our natural resources. The NRCS partnered with other conservation organizations to enrich the minds of our future conservationists at two environmental field days. Read more (234 KB pdf)
Grant County: Cropland Conversion Yields Big Results
 Cliff Wachter and his wife, Trudy, own and operate a beef farm in the township of Woodman, Wis. The Wachters partnered with NRCS to gain technical and financial assistance to convert 320 acres of cropland over to pasture under a rotational grazing system. Read more (207 KB pdf)
ONEIDA COUNTY, WISCONSIN
John Stauner and his wife, Nora, own and operate James Lake Farms, an organic cranberry marsh in Oneida County, Wisconsin. The Stauner's harvest contributes to the state being the nation's leading producer of cranberries, producing more than 60 percent of the country's crop. Read more about how the Stauners updated their cranberry operation to provide organic cranberries for families to enjoy during the holidays and year-round.
RCPP Partnership Restores
Driftless Area Streams
Madison, Wis. – November 13, 2017 – Along Swinns Valley Creek, an excavator worked to slope back high eroding banks and install rock and log structures for fish habitat. Sloping the eroded banks will help reduce soil losses during the extreme flood events which have plagued the area in recent years. The fish habitat will provide cover for brown and brook trout which have thrived in the creek since work began upstream, in 2012, by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Trout Unlimited (TU), the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) and participating landowners.
This valley, in the heart of Wisconsin's unglaciated or "Driftless" area, offers farmers a flat valley floor and gently sloping hillsides, where they plant corn or soybeans and some hay for dairy herds. A thick blanket of rich soil covers the valley floor and makes for good crops, but erodes easily. When a storm hits, the stream can meander widely across these agricultural lands. Read more about the restoration partnership efforts by clicking below.
Cover Crop Conference Examines Role Conservation Practice Plays in Soil & Water Quality
Over 75 farmers and partners attended the Wisconsin Cover Crops Conference October 4, 2017, in Jackson, Wis. Local participating farmers and tour stop hosts were Ross Bishop of Jackson, Mike Paulus of Fredonia and Jim Melichar of Fredonia. "We're working with partners to inform producers of the benefits of soil health, like cover crops, getting diversity into your rotation, no-till and reduced tillage, keeping residue and a living root in your soil; the goal of the conference is to show the important role soil health and cover crops play in soil and water quality," said Michael Patin, NRCS District Conservationist.
Participants learned about the importance of cover crops and soil health from Keynote Speaker, Jamie Patton, Shawano County UW-Extension. Patton discussed the differences cover crops can make on farming operations in the short term, including decreased erosion due to residue cover, additional forage, improved weed control and nitrogen production and retention.
More Successes From the Field
Brian and Hannah Harper are teaching their two young daughters how conservation positively impacts their dairy and managed grazing operation, while also benefiting the neighboring community, passing down lessons they learned from generations past. The Harpers partnered with USDA's Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) to set up a rotational grazing operation, write a nutrient management plan, utilize cover crops and install a barnyard system. Learn how the Harpers diversified their farm to keep it thriving for future generations.
Read More (1,725 KB pdf)
Dane County: Century Farm Restores Woodlands, Savanna and Trout Stream
Helmenstine Hillside Vue Farm, located in the Driftless area of western Dane County, has been in the family for over 100 years. Jerome and his wife, Jackie, worked with NRCS and FSA to restore a stream, improve wildlife habitat and restore woodlands. Read more about the USDA partnership that brought back habitat for woodpeckers, nighthawks, kestrels, bats and more.
Walworth County: 16th Annual Prairie Walk Returns to Its Roots
Sixteen years ago, Ray and Sharon Rippel, of Burlington, Wis., hosted the very first Prairie Walk in Walworth County. In 2016, the Rippels again, hosted the Prairie Walk. Ray and Sharon partnered with NRCS and FSA to restore and actively manage their high quality prairie acres and add pollinator habitat.
Wood County: Central Wisconsin Family Farms Diverse and Sustainable
Denise and John Hilgart own and operate 269 acres of farmland in Wood County, WI, just north of the city of Auburndale. The Hilgarts partnered with NRCS and FSA through various programs to install a rotational grazing system, complete grass and legume plantings, install a seasonal high tunnel, develop a nutrient management plan, and much more. Find out how the Hilgarts used the financial and technical assistance available through USDA to benefit their diverse operation.
Craig and Nichol Swenson, of Columbia County, Wis., restored and actively manage their wetland easement and prairie property through the NRCS Wetland Reserve Program. The Swensons are also Directors of the Flyways Waterfowl Experience, which houses world class exhibits and interactive conservation displays, a duck blind theatre, waterfowl art and galleries, decoys, and much more. Learn more about how they partnered to restore their property, and plan a visit to the Flyways Waterfowl Experience to learn about their conservation efforts first-hand.
Eau Claire, Dodge and Pepin Counties
Madison, Wis. – August 31, 2017 – Welcome to the August edition of the Successes from the Field Series! You asked, we listened. Success stories directly from the field related to topics farmers and landowners care about: what works for cover crops in my area, what's available to help pollinators, how can I help my soil and water quality, and more.
You'll find answers in these stories, from farmers and landowners who successfully partner with us to receive technical and financial assistance in putting conservation to work on their farm. These farmers are making sound choices to keep their land productive and healthy, while also protecting our natural resources for the long term. These conservation choices benefit everyone. Look for more stories coming soon!
Eau Claire County
If you build it (habitat), they will come.
The USDA's NRCS and FSA partnered to restore over 2,000 acres of habitat for the Karner blue butterfly in Eau Claire and Jackson counties through the FSA's Conservation Reserve Program, State Acres for Wildlife Enhancement. Over 2,000 acres were contracted to include the participation of 91 private landowners located within the high potential butterfly recovery area! Read more about the USDA partnership restoring habitat for this endangered species.
Read more (1,536 KB pdf)
Dodge County
A Leader in Conservation
Dale Macheel, of Dodge County, operates Macheel Enterprises and Werld Farms. He is one of the foremost conservation-minded producers in the county, with over 1,000 cropland acres in production. He says taking care of the soil is his most important goal. With the help of NRCS, Dale participates in EQIP, CSP and FSA's Conservation Reserve Program. Read more about how he's transformed his soil, one conservation practice at a time.
Pepin County
Partnering to Restore Fall Creek
Mike Brion and his two sons run Brion Dairy LLC, a century farm with 500 dairy cows and 1,800 acres of alfalfa, corn, soybeans and rye. With the help of NRCS, Brion enrolled in the Fall Creek Water Quality Project to complete numerous water quality projects to improve surface and ground water quality, including a barnyard runoff control system, a waste storage facility and a wetland restoration. His two sons most recently worked with NRCS to restore Fall Creek, a trout stream that runs through the property. Read more about the steps taken in the steam restoration at Brion Dairy.
Green Lake and Fond du Lac Counties...
Landowners in the Green Lake area have a lot to be proud of. That is what a multi-organizational group representing farmers, shoreline owners and the public plans to highlight at a free Conservation Field Day on Saturday, August 26 in Ripon, Wisconsin. Watch the video here.
August 22, 2017 – Success stories directly from the field related to topics farmers and landowners care about: what works for cover crops in my area, what's available to help pollinators, how can I help my soil and water quality, and more.
The Red Cliff Band of the Lake Superior Chippewa Reservation worked with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) to restore and stabilize a streambank on Spirit Island in northern Wisconsin. Heavy rainfall events and lack of streambank vegetation caused unstable bank conditions and erosion. Read how NRCS provided technical assistance, working together with the tribe to stabilize the stream.
Partnering with the Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Reservation
EQIP Helps Yorkshire Rose Farm Grazing Sheep Carole and Dave Pine run a sheep grazing operation on their 35-acre farm in south central Wisconsin. With the help of NRCS EQIP, they set up a successful rotational grazing operation that has been beneficial to the health of their animals and their land. Read more (934 KB pdf)
Alex and Mary Olson, of Breezy Hill Dairy in Dallas, Wis., operate a 550 cow facility. The Olsons use EQIP and CSP to implement the newest, innovative technologies on their farm. With the help of NRCS technical assistance, the Olsons also succeeded in reaching their 100% no-till goal. Read more (578 KB pdf)
Grazing for Soil Health
Val Jansen, of West Bend, Wis., wanted to improve the soil health of her 8.5 acres of cropland. Working with NRCS, she wrote a grazing plan and utilized EQIP to transition her cropland to a rotational grazing system. She also uses CSP and collects soil samples to measure her lands ever-increasing soil health. Read more (641 KB pdf)
These farmers are making sound choices to keep their land productive and healthy, while also protecting our natural resources for the long term. These conservation choices benefit everyone. Look for more stories coming soon!
Produce With a Purpose Richard Slager and his wife, Dawn, of Fond du Lac County, are advocates for producing healthy fruits and vegetables and also teaching people nationally and internationally about sustainable agriculture. With the help of NRCS, the Slagers installed a seasonal high tunnel to jump start their growing season.
Frost Seeding Clover? It Works! Neil Drummy, a Wisconsin row crop farmer, owns and operates land in Dodge, Fond du Lac and Columbia Counties. Neil is consciously a good steward of the land in the conservation decisions he makes, while also looking for ways to increase yields without causing undo harm to the land he operates. With the help of NRCS, Neil frost seeded 24 acres of crimson clover into existing wheat.
Double Duty Cover Crop Boosts Yields Jim Mahoney has been farming in Oconto County, near Suring, Wis., for 24 years. He has a typical rotation of corn, soybeans and winter wheat. In addition, he also crops acres of alfalfa and snap beans. The northeast Wis. landscape in Suring offers challenges, from steep sloping sands, to poorly drained lowlands. This is why Mahoney likes planting multi-species cover crops. Learn more about the cover crops he plants with the help of NRCS.
Pit be Gone Greg and Karen Peper, of Polk County, Wis., are former dairy operators who decided to transition their farm to crops and a small beef herd. They own around 250 acres near Centuria, Wis. The farm is located between three large lakes, Balsam, Loveless, and Long Lake, so, water quality has always been a concern for the Peper family. With the help of NRCS, an unused manure storage structure was removed to alleviate any potential animal, water or human safety issues.
Restoration Leads to Flourishing Wetlands
 Jefferson County Landowner Brings Wildlife Home
Ohne and Karen Raasch, of Lake Mills, Wisconsin, wanted their wet, flooded areas of land to go back as nature intended, to a flourishing, restored wetland.
The Raaschs partnered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) to develop a restoration plan on their property and acquire a permanent easement through the Wetland Reserve Program. NRCS provided technical and financial assistance, enabling seeding of highly eroded fields, digging and scraping of shallow ponds, planting of food plots for wildlife and more. Click below to read the full story.
Click on the following link for this great story:
Veteran Farmer Grazes His Way to Success
https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDANRCS/bulletins/18eba8b
Discovery Farms Introduces
The WaterWay Network
A password protected, online discussion forum focused on using science
and local experience to answer all of the latest conservation questions.
Currently, registration is open to Wisconsin and Minnesota farmers and crop consultants. Handpicked experts will be added every month. We're keeping it private
to foster open dialogue. If you're interested but aren't sure if you qualify,
reach out to see if there are ways you can be involved.
What can it offer producer-led watershed groups?
An opportunity to communicate internally with your group, brainstorm with
other producer-led groups, and participate in conservation related discussions.
Read more about the benefits.
Upcoming Expert:
In March, Rachel Rushmann will be on the site answering
questions and talking about the producer-led grant program.
Visit www.waterwaynetwork.org to register or forward this email.
Questions? Contact Erica Olson at 715.983.5668 or eaolson4@wisc.edu.
For More Information on any of the topics below, click on the corresponding website.
FARMERS' GUIDE TO THE CONSERVATION STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM
http://sustainableagriculture.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/CSP-digital-v3-Nov-2016-FINAL.pdf
ORGANIC FARMERS' GUIDE TO THE CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM—FIELD BORDER BUFFER INITIATIVE
http://sustainableagriculture.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/2016_5-CRP-organic-field-border-buffer-guide-FINAL.pdf
GRASSROOTS GUIDE TO FEDERAL FARM AND FOOD PROGRAMS
http://sustainableagriculture.net/publications/grassrootsguide/
microloans_for_farmers.pdf


ご注文はこちらから→http://tomesyoten.exblog.jp/21791393/ Thank you very much for your patience. We started shipment of the Pulp Fiction 20th Anniversary Minimates Jules & Vincent 2-Pack.
ご予約はこちらから→http://tomesyoten.exblog.jp/21791332/ A Diamond Select Toys release! Celebrate the 10th Anniversary of when Quentin Tarantino put his own stamp on the martial arts revenge movie! The 2-part epic Kill Bill film series is now an amazing line of Minimates mini-figures! Based on the fight at the House of Blue Leaves, this Kill Bill Minimates 10th Anniversary House of Blue Leaves Box Set includes The Bride, O-Ren Ishii, Gogo Yubari and Sofie Fatale. Each 2-inch tall Minimates mini-figure features interchangeable parts and accessories.
Here comes the Minimates based on Pulp Fiction, the star-studded movie that made Quentin Tarantino a household name! This Pulp Fiction Jules and Vincent Minimates 2-Pack features hitmen Vincent Vega and Jules Winnfield in their iconic black suits! Each 2-inch tall mini-figure has 14 points of articulation and features a variety of interchangeable parts and accessories, including pistols, hamburger, shake and the mysterious briefcase! The Pulp Fiction Jules and Vincent Minimates 2-Pack comes in a window display box.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Spirometry forms an important component in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary diseases in children and can be reliably performed in children as young as 2 - 4 years of age if adequately prepared.[1-5] The reliability of spirometry requires adherence to strict standards with regards to equipment, data acquisition and interpretation. Standards have been published for older children and adults;[5,6] however, both preschool and school-age children may have difficulty in meeting the quality-control criteria as set out in this guideline, hence the need for a paediatric-specific guideline.
For this guideline, we reviewed the current literature on spirometry in children which included: a PubMed search of clinical trials on paediatric spirometry, a review of current American Thoracic Society (ATS) spirometry guidelines, European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines and the combined ATS/ERS task force guidelines. Each of the reviewers was allocated a section to review and any disagreements were resolved by consensus. The different sections were placed together in a working document and the guideline was sent to an independent reviewer for external review.
To discuss specific aspects in paediatric spirometry, which include: indications, methods and the interpretation of spirometry in children <12 years of age and to provide a guideline to healthcare practitioners in the South African context.
Prior to performing spirometry, adherence to some basic principles is necessary in terms of equipment care and use. All instruments should be calibrated or verified according to the manufacturer's recommendations and basic infection-control measures should be taken.
For accurate spirometry, equipment should meet the standardised recommendations for equipment accuracy and reliability (Table 1).[4,5,9] Equipment should be calibrated routinely or verified according to the manufacturer's recommendation with this documented in the laboratory logbook. The accuracy of the calibration syringe should be checked annually.
Visual inspection of the flow-volume curves and volume-time curves is essential for assessment of quality. It is optimal for the operator to be able to view these on screen during the test, but at a minimum before the next attempt. Ideally, the display should show forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in time, t (FEVt), back-extrapolated volume (VBE) and time to peak expiratory flow (PEF). In preschool children, because they may expire their vital capacity in <1 s, FEV in 0.5 s (FEV05) should be displayed as well as the commonly used FEV in 1 s (FEV1).
Hygienic measures are an essential part of the routine when dealing with spirometry. This includes universal control measures, such as hand washing and following the manufacturer's recommendations for cleaning of the spirometer. It is critical to keep the spirometer dry as fungi and bacteria thrive in moist environments. The use of bacterial filters between patients is mandatory to prevent contamination of equipment, as well as for the protection of the staff performing the spirometry. This is to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, in particular tuberculosis, which is highly prevalent in South Africa. The use of disposable filters is strongly encouraged.
Where re-usable filters are used, correct cleaning should be performed with agents recommended by the manufacturer, and filters should be allowed to dry completely before use in subsequent patients.
Spirometry is a physiological test undertaken to assess the lung volume (both inspiratory and expiratory) of an individual measured as a function over time. Spirometry is performed for a variety of reasons (Table 2). Although spirometry is a valuable tool, alone it does not provide an aetiological diagnosis, and should be taken in the context of the history and the clinical presentation of the individual being assessed.
• a ≥20% decrease in sequential FEV1 or FVC measurements on the same day.
To obtain useful measurements, co-operation during spirometry is necessary. An initial period of training is essential.[4,7,12] It is recommended to start testing patients at a young age as this provides training in good spirometry performance, which may lead to better results at an earlier age.
Personal information such as height, weight, age, gender and racial group should be recorded for each patient.[11,14] This information is necessary for the use of appropriate reference equations. The recently updated Global Lung Initiative (GLI) reference equations are the most comprehensive and should be used as they take into account the impact of racial differences in different population groups worldwide.
Children need to wear comfortable fitting clothes that do not impede their ability to inhale or exhale maximally. They should be in a seated position, allowing for less movement and interference with the test. In addition, most reference data are collected in the sitting position. The standing position should be avoided as this may lead to larger FVC values, especially in obese patients. A nose clip should be worn,[2,11,20] but is not necessary if it does not fit properly or if it causes discomfort or anxiety; however, use, or lack thereof, should also be documented. A finger pinch of the nose is acceptable as long as this forms an adequate seal to the nose. The patient's neck needs to be held in a neutral position with neither hyperextension nor flexion.[2,21] The patient's mouth must be closed tightly around the mouthpiece and there must be no air leak from this seal. This may be problematic in patients with severe neuromuscular disease. In these cases, manual assistance may be mandated to obtain a good seal. There should be no chewing, vocalisation, swallowing, coughing or occlusion of the mouthpiece with the tongue, lips or teeth.
If the child is unable to achieve an adequate FVC but has a good rise on forced expiration, valuable information may still be obtained from the FEV1. If the child is unable to perform spirometry adequately, he/ she should be given active encouragement, as this may enhance the chances of performing spirometry in future sessions.
The technologist must first demonstrate the procedure (Table 3) using child-friendly language and strategies. The procedure may be either an exhalation-only manoeuvre only or an inhalation-exhalation manoeuvre, depending on the equipment available and information required. The child assumes the correct posture, puts the mouthpiece in his/her mouth and puts on the nose clip or closes his/ her nose with a finger pinch. It is important for the technician to inspect for any leaks around the mouthpiece or blocking of the mouthpiece by the tongue. The manoeuvre is begun with normal gentle tidal breathing. The child then takes a full, deep inspiration, aiming for total lung capacity (TLC), and then immediately gives a maximal 'blast' of expiration and a full exhalation, i.e. carries on breathing out until there is no air left. The technician can be guided by the flow-volume curve and should encourage the child to 'keep going' until the curve has flattened, denoting a volume plateau. Attaining a volume plateau is more important than the exhalation time in children.  Children are likely to have a shorter forced expiratory time (FET) than adults and hence the volume plateau may be completed in a shorter time: 3 s in children <6 years of age and 1 s in smaller, preschool children.[4,23] Throughout the procedure the technician must ensure that there is no leak at or obstruction of the mouthpiece while the child exhales immediately after maximal inspiration using maximal effort and exhales fully to the end of test. The technician's assessment of the manoeuvre quality must be recorded. This is important in the analysis of the test. At least three repeatable forced expiratory manoeuvres should be recorded. For young children, two acceptable and reproducible curves are recommended rather than three (Fig. 1).
A manoeuvre is technically acceptable if it has an unhesitating start, is free from artefacts and shows satisfactory exhalation (Table 4). An acceptable start of test demonstrates a rapid rise to PEF as seen as a sharp rise at the beginning of exhalation on the spirograms. The start of the test is quantified by the VBE. In children it is recommended that the VBE should be <12.5% of FVC or <80 ml, whichever is greater, which differs from the VBE of <5% FVC and <150 ml required for adults.[5,23] The volume-time and flow-volume loops generated should be free of artefacts. This includes no coughing, glottic closure or occlusion of the mouthpiece. Finally, there should be a satisfactory end-of-test - a maximal exhalation until no more air can be breathed out.
For diagnostic purposes there have to be two or three acceptable spirograms in preschool or school-age children, respectively. Repeatability is the closeness of results of repeated measurements and is achieved when the difference between the largest and next largest FVC is within <0.10 l or 10% of FVC with an FVC of <1.0 l or <0.150 l for FVC ≥1.1 l.[4,5] Large variability between measurements is often due to incomplete inhalations or suboptimal efforts. At a minimum, the two or three best FVC manoeuvres should be saved for analysis. Although children may tire with repeated attempts, it is often necessary to attempt ≥10 manoeuvres, provided that the child is not distressed or uncooperative. If the child is upset or distressed, testing should be stopped and the child praised for their effort. This will ensure possible satisfactory spirometry in the future.
The highest FVC and FEV1 from any of the acceptable manoeuvres should be reported. Flows should be reported from the manoeuvre with the largest sum of FVC and FEV1 or FEV05, if FET <1 s.
A bronchodilator response is an important test for demonstrating airway reversibility. An airflow reversibility test is performed using 400 µg of ß2-agonist via a spacer device. The spirometry manoeuvre is then repeated as above after a minimum waiting period of 15 min. Recent reports have shown that maximal bronchodilator response occurs longer than 15 min after bronchodilator administration and probably a minimum waiting period of 20 min is preferable if possible within a busy clinic setting. An increase of FEV1 and/or FVC of ≥12% or >200 ml confirms bronchodilator response.[24,26] However, the lack of response to a bronchodilator in the laboratory does not preclude the lack of a clinical response. In young children, an increase in percentage from baseline rather than absolute volume is likely to be more useful. The use of flows such as the maximal expiratory flow (MEF) after 25 - 75% of expired FVC (MEF25-75%) is not useful for measuring bronchodilator response, as these indices show high variability. In addition, they are based in part on the FVC and therefore are not interpretable if the FVC changes with a bronchodilator. They have also been found to have little clinical utility in adult patients with obstructive airway disease.
Negative results do not exclude the use of a bronchodilator or the diagnosis of asthma. It may be useful to repeat the test during an acute exacerbation. Bronchodilator responsiveness testing may be performed using various other direct and indirect challenges, but these are beyond the scope of this guideline.
Pulmonary function testing varies with age, gender, height and ethnicity and therefore needs to be compared with predicted values appropriate for the individual being tested. A plethora of spirometric equations have been published (http://www.lungfunction.org/tools.html); however, there remains a paucity of suitable equations for the South African population with attempts to correct for ethnic differences being over-simplistic, especially among younger children. In addition, few equations take into account the changes that occur with height during the adolescent growth spurt,[30,31] with many equations being limited to different age groups. This lack of continuity across ages has been addressed in the new equations published through the GLI.
These equations use large numbers of participants from 33 countries across the whole age range (3 - 95 years) and use of up-to-date methods. The equation is limited by the fact that it currently does not include data from Southern African populations; however, it is currently the most robustly developed equation with continuity across ages. Until Southern African data have been included in these equations, it is recommended that the equation for other ethnicities be used. Industry has been involved in the development of these equations and most spirometric equipment manufacturers will easily be able to add these to their software programs if not already provided. It is important to note that there is higher intra-subject variability among children than among adults. The between-subject coefficient of variation for FEV1 decreases from 17% at 3 years to 11% at 20 years. The lower limit of normal for % predicted FEV1 is 66% for a 3-year-old and 78% for a 20-year-old.[32,33] It is therefore recommended that results in children should be expressed as Z-scores or centiles. As disease severity-grading currently uses % predicted, it may be useful for clinicians, if both Z-scores and % predicted are included on spirometry reports.
There is a disproportionate reduction of maximal airflow from the lungs in relation to maximal volume expired during the forced manoeuvre, defined as FEV1/FVC or FEV0.5/FVC below the 5th percentile of the predicted or <80%. This gives a concave appearance to the flow volume loop (Fig. 1). When FEV1 and FVC are both concomitantly decreased, it suggests that the patient did not inhale maximally or exhale long enough.
If there is central and upper airway obstruction, there is a reduction in PEF and increased FEV1/PEF. This can be observed as a reduction in size, which is observed on both the forced inspiratory and expiratory flow loops. In extrathoracic airway obstruction, the reduction is pronounced for the maximum inspiratory flow volume loop, while in intrathoracic airway obstruction, reduction is pronounced in the MEF50 (Fig. 3).
The assessment of severity of obstructive defects is based on the % predicted FEV1 (Table 5) and is based on adult studies.
• % predicted FVC is <80% then this demonstrates a restrictive pattern.
In severe obstructive disease FVC may be <80% and the FEV1/FVC would also be decreased.
A mixed lung function abnormality describes the coexistence of obstruction and restriction. Children with this pattern will have both a reduced FEV1/FVC and FVC >80% predicted or <5th percentile of predicted. The reduced vital capacity could be either due to hyperinflation or a restricted lung volume. This is important to understand in the interpretation of the test. Treatment of reversible obstruction may aid assessment. Accurate assessment of lung volumes with plethysmography would define the pattern more clearly.
Spirometry has the disadvantage of being relatively insensitive in detecting early lung disease where FEV1 is still relatively preserved, e.g. in cystic fibrosis. There are newer techniques for the measurement of lung function; particularly where spirometry is difficult to perform or is too insensitive to measure early lung disease. These include infant spirometry (raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression (RVRTC)), plethysmography, multiple breath inert gas washout tests, forced oscillation technique and the interrupter technique. These are beyond the scope of this guideline and will be discussed in Part 2 of this series on paediatric lung function testing.
Performance of reliable lung function testing in children is possible. There are specific protocols that need to be followed in terms of calibration of equipment and quality assurance measures to ensure that reliable and reproducible spirometry is performed in children. This guideline has provided some guidance for performing spirometry in South African children. There is an urgent need to collect data on South African children to have local reference ranges to ensure quality of data collected.
Acknowledgements. We acknowledge the contribution of Proff Graham L Hall and Heather Zar for their critical review of the manuscript and constructive suggestions, which have improved the quality of the guideline.


text:
Q: Does killing a process helps avoids spyware I'm downloading something from mediafire which really has many sponsor sites that are not good:
ad.xtendmedia.com and mdinfo.com. And possibly the cause of some spyware and adware in my system.
Does killing the whole process of firefox and not closing those pop-up windows(ad sites) helps avoid the effects of those bad sites.

A: Probably not.
Basically if it's already downloaded and running, forcing the process to quit will most likely not help in any way.
As a site note I have found no malicious scripts on Mediafire.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Stolen Greek icon recovered
Posted at 12:52 pm	in Greece Archaeology
A priceless icon stolen from a Greek monastery has now been recovered by police in Crete following a tip off. Part of the problem though which drives the theft of artefacts is the fact that there are private collectors who are willing to pay for artefacts which lack any sort of provenance to prove that they have not been stolen.
Last Updated: Saturday, 23 September 2006, 12:24 GMT 13:24 UK
Greek police recover stolen icon
Greek police have recovered a priceless 700-year-old icon stolen last month in a daring raid on a cliffside monastery.
A Romanian man, arrested in Heraklion, the capital of Crete, following a police tip-off, confessed to the theft.
He revealed that the icon of the Virgin Mary was hidden in a house south-east of the monastery in Elona.
The celebrated icon, which some say has miraculous powers, symbolised Greek freedom during a 19th Century campaign to expel the Turkish Ottoman empire.
The icon was found secreted in a hole in a thick stone wall in the house where it had been stored.
According to the Public Order Ministry, the painting had not been damaged despite being cut from its wooden frame during the robbery on 19 August.
Celebration planned
Police say the breakthrough in the investigation came when they received a tip-off.
The suspect arrested in Crete was found with jewellery that had been placed on the icon as votive offerings, as well as photographs and film of the Elona monastery which investigators believe were used to help plan the robbery.
The BBC's Malcolm Brabant in Athens says the deeply religious people who worship at the Elona monastery attribute the discovery to the power of prayer.
The Panagia, as the icon is known, is said to protect the inhabitants of the region and to cure the sick.
Dimitris Tsigounis, the mayor of Leonidio, the nearest town, said he was very happy that the icon had been found and promised a ceremony at the monastery next weekend to honour its safe return.
Originally the police believed the icon had been stolen to order for a rich collector, or on behalf of someone who was sick and hoped to benefit from its reputed powers.
But, according to local legend, the miracles only work if the icon is safe in the small stone chapel high in the mountains of the Peloponnese, our correspondent says.
Sale of looted Greek icons blocked : November 7, 2011
Britain returns stolen Greek icon : November 25, 2008
All artefacts from February robbery at Olympia recovered by Greek police : November 27, 2012
Stolen fourteenth century Greek icon is returned : November 25, 2008
Thirty five people arrested in Greek antiquities smuggling ring : April 23, 2012
Trafficking of Greek antiquities : July 5, 2005
Greece welcomes Byzantine icon return : December 14, 2008
Stolen Greek artefacts in London gallery : November 10, 2011


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WBEZ News
U.S. Women Increasingly Use Pot During Pregnancy, Study Finds
Lindsey Tanner, Associated Press
Daquella/Flickr
CHICAGO (AP) — U.S. women are increasingly using marijuana during pregnancy, sometimes to treat morning sickness, new reports suggest. Though the actual numbers are small, the trend raises concerns because of evidence linking the drug with low birth weights and other problems.
In 2014, almost 4 percent of pregnant women said they'd recently used marijuana, up from 2.4 percent in 2002, according to an analysis of annual drug use surveys.
Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, said the results raise concerns and urged doctors and other health care providers to avoid recommending the drug for pregnant women. Volkow commented in an editorial published online Monday with the study in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
A separate study in the same journal found that almost 10 percent of adult marijuana users in the United States — 3 million people — have used it at least partly for medical reasons; 20 percent of these users live in states where medical marijuana isn't legal.
Volkow noted that laws legalizing medical marijuana in 29 states and Washington, D.C. do not list pregnancy-related conditions among allowed uses. But the laws also don't prohibit that use and don't include warnings about possible harms to the fetus, she said.
Strong evidence of harms is limited, but besides low birth weights, newborns whose mothers used marijuana while pregnant may face increased risks for anemia and other problems requiring intensive care. Memory and attention problems also been found in older children whose moms used marijuana in pregnancy, Volkow noted.
How marijuana might lead to those problems is unclear but Volkow said one theory is that it might interfere with formation of nerve cells and circuits in the brain during fetal development.
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists discourages marijuana use by women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Both studies analyzed data from annual U.S. government surveys on drug use that are based on participants' self-reporting.
One focused on 200,510 women of reproductive age who participated in the 2002-2014 surveys. Recent use — within the past month — among non-pregnant women also increased over those years, from about 6 percent to 9 percent, researchers from Columbia University Medical Center reported.
Doctors "should screen and counsel pregnant women and women contemplating pregnancy about prenatal marijuana use," the researchers said.
The other study, led by the drug agency's Dr. Wilson Compton, focused on past-year marijuana use by nearly 100,000 adults aged 18 and up who participated in the 2013-14 drug survey.
About 13 percent said they had used marijuana; that translates to about 30 million adults. Overall, 90 percent used it for nonmedical reasons only and 6 percent used it only for medical reasons.
Prevalence of medical use was higher in states where that use is legal, but the researchers say the results suggest some doctors in other states may not feel bound by restrictions.
#cannabis
#drugs
#infant health
How A 'Cannabis Catch-22' Keeps Marijuana Classified As A Harmful Drug
Why Drunk Driving Laws Don't Translate To Driving While Stoned
Marijuana's Mainstream Move Triggers Different Kinds Of Family Talks
Doctors Say Parenting And Pot Smoking Don't Mix


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Tag Archives: life perspective
"And," Not "But": Taking Power Back With One Simple Word
by Jennifer Crystal
It's all about perspective. Sometimes, changing the way you say something, can change the way you think about it. Writer Jennifer Crystal has some good advice for Lyme patients who need empowerment.
Recently a friend complained to me about a co-worker who also happened to be his brother. "He drives me crazy," my friend said. "But he's my brother, and I need his help with the business."
"And," I replied. "Not but."
My friend looked at me quizzically.
"If you substitute 'and' for 'but', it changes the whole meaning of the sentence. It allows both clauses to be true, without being tied to each other. You need your brother's help. AND he makes you crazy."
I can't take credit for this good advice; a therapist gave it to me years ago when I was wrapped up in conflicted feelings about my tick-borne illnesses. I was living with family, largely dependent on them and others, and I was wrestling with a lot of guilt. If I said something like, "My neighbor doesn't get Lyme at all," I felt I had to quickly add, "But he did run an errand for me, so I should be grateful."
Though I was sidelined with a debilitating illness, I didn't feel like I had the right to complain, because I was getting help and treatment. I added caveats because I felt bad saying anything negative when there was anything positive involved. I didn't want to seem ungrateful, so I qualified that concern with "but".
My therapist helped me to see that I was allowed to have both negative and positive feelings about a situation or a person. I could be sad, mad, and frustrated that I was sick. I could also be grateful that I was starting to make some strides in my recovery. By connecting those statements with "and" instead of "but," I gave equal power to them both, instead of negating one with the other. Of course, sometimes we do need to use the word "but"; it is innocuous in a statement such as, "I tried to go to a movie, but it was sold out." However, when talking about feelings for a person or situation, "but" implies guilt or shame for having those feelings, while "and" validates them. That can be empowering for a patient who is feeling not so powerful.
This trick can work for any adversity or strife, not just chronic illness. One might say, "That co-worker is so rude to me, but she's helpful on this particular project, so I feel like I have to put up with it," or, "My boyfriend can be so controlling, but he does pay most of the bills." Statements like this show how powerless a person can feel, whether they are struggling with illness, a difficult work situation, or a bad relationship. Shifting "but" to "and" is a way to start taking power back.
If the co-worker is both rude and helpful, the person complaining can recognize the helpfulness as its own entity, which may free them to talk to their colleague about the rudeness as a separate issue. The person in the controlling relationship can appreciate her boyfriend's financial support, and still have the right to talk to him about power struggles in the relationship.
"And" doesn't solve problems, but it does help us to look at them clearly. It also allows us to have conflicted feelings without shame. For me, this shift in perspective took away a lot of the guilt surrounding my convalescence. I didn't need to chide myself for feeling one way, and try to convince myself that I "should" be feeling something else. Instead, I could take ownership of all of my feelings. And that was a very liberating moment!
Opinions expressed by contributors are their own.
Jennifer Crystal is a writer and educator in Boston. She is working on a memoir about her journey with chronic tick-borne illness. Contact her at jennifercrystalwriter@gmail.com
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Q: Unable to access the table contents of ALV List format report [enter image description here][[]11]enter image description hereCurrently i'm using UFT 12.0 to automate a SAP integrated Webportal. The program generates a report in ALV List format. And i need to access the individual column and its runtime value.
eg: Start Date field and its value "12.12.2017".
Tried using object spy, but it recognises "12.12.2017" as WebElement. Please advice how to capture the runtime values of the webtable columns.


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Home / Faculty / Erik Gellman
Erik Gellman
egellman@unc.edu
PhD Northwestern University, 2006
MA Northwestern University, 2000
BA Bates College, 1997
Erik S. Gellman researches and teaches about working-class and urban life, visual culture, and comparative social movements in modern American history. He's the author of Death Blow to Jim Crow: The National Negro Congress and the Rise of Militant Civil Rights (UNC Press, 2012) and The Gospel of the Working Class: Labor's Southern Prophets in New Deal America (IL Press, 2011, coauthor Jarod Roll).
His most recent book, Troublemakers: Chicago Freedom Struggles through the Lens of Art Shay, offers a synthetic textual and visual narrative of Chicago's postwar urban history and protest politics. He's also collaborating on two research and publication projects: an edited volume called New Black Chicago Histories (Black Metropolis Research Consortium and University of IL Press) and a 1930s-1940s labor and political history called, Organizing Agribusiness from Farm to Factory: A New Food and Labor History of America's Most Diverse Union (UNC Press). Gellman also serves as contributing editor to Labor: Studies in Working-Class History and serves as national secretary for the Labor and Working-Class History Association (LAWCHA). From 2006-2018, Gellman taught History and African American Studies at Roosevelt University in Chicago.
Troublemakers: Chicago Freedom Struggles through the Lens of Art Shay (University of Chicago Press, 2020).
"Black Freedom Struggles and Ecumenical Activism in 1960s Chicago" in Chris Cantwell, Heath Carter, and Janine Drake, editors, Between the Pew and the Picket Line: Christianity and the Working Class in Industrial America (University of Illinois Press, March 2016).
Death Blow to Jim Crow: The National Negro Congress and the Rise of Militant Civil Rights, University of North Carolina Press, John Hope Franklin series, 2012 (paperback, 2014).
The Gospel of the Working Class: Labor's Southern Prophets in New Deal America, coauthor Jarod Roll, University of Illinois Press, 2011 (paperback and hardcover, winner of the H.L. Mitchell Prize of the Southern Historical Association, 2012).
"In the Driver's Seat: Chicago's Bus Drivers and Labor Insurgency in the Era of Black Power," Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas 11:3 (Fall 2014).
"Charles White and the Laboring of the African American Artistic Renaissance," in Darlene Clark Hine, editor, The Black Chicago Renaissance (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2012).
Christian Roberto Walk
Benjamin Fortun
HIST 89 - First Year Seminar: Special Topic, Rebuilding the Modern South: Work and Identity in Modern History
HIST 128 - American History since 1865
HIST 352 - The Great Depression and Its Legacies
HIST 365 - The Worker and American Life.
HIST 584 - The Promise of Urbanization: American Cities in the 19th and 20th Centuries.
HIST 728 - Introductory Colloquium in United States History since 1900
HIST 864 - 19th and 20th Century American Labor
HIST 890 - Readings in Urban History
HIST 890 - Topics in History: Social Movements in the Americas


What led you to the specialty of hospice and palliative medicine?
As an emergency physician, I never dreamed of being a hospice and palliative medicine physician. I wasn't even sure what that was. When I was an intern in emergency medicine, I was perplexed that we learned advanced cardiovascular life support but did not learn how to tell families that their loved one had died. I decided then (1994) that I wanted to do something in emergency medicine to teach emergency physicians how to perform death disclosures.


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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<title>CheckpointManager</title>
<meta name="date" content="2015-12-30">
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io.gearpump.streaming.state.impl

Class CheckpointManager

java.lang.Object

io.gearpump.streaming.state.impl.CheckpointManager

public class CheckpointManager
extends java.lang.Object

Constructor Summary

Constructors

Constructor and Description

CheckpointManager(long checkpointInterval,
                 CheckpointStore checkpointStore)

Method Summary

Methods

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

void
checkpoint(long timestamp,
          byte[] checkpoint)

void
close()

long
getCheckpointTime()

scala.Option<byte[]>
recover(long timestamp)

boolean
shouldCheckpoint(long upstreamMinClock)

void
update(long messageTime)

long
updateCheckpointTime()

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clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Detail

CheckpointManager

public CheckpointManager(long checkpointInterval,
                 CheckpointStore checkpointStore)

Method Detail

recover

public scala.Option<byte[]> recover(long timestamp)

checkpoint

public void checkpoint(long timestamp,
              byte[] checkpoint)

update

public void update(long messageTime)

shouldCheckpoint

public boolean shouldCheckpoint(long upstreamMinClock)

getCheckpointTime

public long getCheckpointTime()

updateCheckpointTime

public long updateCheckpointTime()

close

public void close()

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