text:
var parseTagChange = function(type, playerName, state, playerId, entityId, zone, zonePos, cardId) {
    switch(type) {
        case "PLAYER_ID":
            return ["tag_change", {type: "player_id", name: playerName, player_id: parseInt(state)}];
        case "FIRST_PLAYER":
            return ["tag_change", {type: "first_player", name: playerName}];
        case "PLAYSTATE":
            return ["tag_change", {type: "playstate", name: playerName, state: state}];
        case "CURRENT_PLAYER":
            if (state == "1") {
                return ["tag_change", {type: "current_player", name: playerName}];
            }
            break;
        case "RESOURCES":
            return ["tag_change", {type: "resources", name: playerName, resources: parseInt(state)}];
        case "TURN":
            return ["tag_change", {type: "turn", number: parseInt(state)}];
        case "DAMAGE":
            return ["tag_change", {type: "damage", id: entityId, player_id: playerId, value: parseInt(state), card_id: cardId}];
        case "ATTACKING":
            if (state == "1") {
                return ["tag_change", {type: "attacking", id: entityId, player_id: playerId, card_id: cardId}];
            }
            break;
        case "DEFENDING":
            if (state == "1") {
                return ["tag_change", {type: "defending", id: entityId, player_id: playerId, card_id: cardId}];
            }
            break;
        case "CARD_TARGET":
            return ["tag_change", {type: "card_target", id: entityId, player_id: playerId, target_id: parseInt(state), card_id: cardId}];
        case "ARMOR":
            return ["tag_change", {type: "armor", card_id: cardId, player_id: playerId, id: entityId, armor: parseInt(state)}];
        case "ATK":
            return ["tag_change", {type: "attack", card_id: cardId, player_id: playerId, id: entityId, attack: parseInt(state)}];
        case "HEALTH":
            return ["tag_change", {type: "health", card_id: cardId, player_id: playerId, id: entityId, health: parseInt(state)}];
        case "STATE":
            if (playerName == "GameEntity") {
                switch (state) {
                case "RUNNING":
                    return ["tag_change", {type: "game_start"}];
                case "COMPLETE":
                    return ["tag_change", {type: "game_over"}];
                }
            }
            break;
        default:
            return null;
    }
};

var parseActionStart = function(type, sourceId, sourceCardId, sourcePlayerId, targetId, targetCardId, targetPlayerId) {
    var source = {id: sourceId, card_id: sourceCardId, player_id: sourcePlayerId};
    var target = {id: targetId};
    if (targetCardId) {
        target.card_id = targetCardId;
    }
    if (targetCardId) {
        target.player_id = targetPlayerId;
    }
    return ["action_start", {type: type, source: source, target: target}];
};

/*
 * This function tracks tag changes related to damage, attacking, defending, card target, armor, attack, and health
 */
var detectChangeWithDetails = function(line) {
    var match = line.match(/GameState\.DebugPrintPower\(\) -\W+TAG_CHANGE Entity=\[.*id=(\d*) zone=(.*) zonePos=(\d*) cardId=(.*) player=(\d)\] tag=(.*) value=(.*)/);
    if (match) {
        var [, entityId, zone, zonePos, cardId, playerId, type, state] = match;
        return parseTagChange(type, null, state, parseInt(playerId), parseInt(entityId), zone, parseInt(zonePos), cardId);
    }
};

/*
 * This function tracks changes in tags related to player id, player number, win state, game start, turn start, and turn number
 */
var detectTagChange = function(line) {
    var match = line.match(/GameState\.DebugPrintPower\(\) -\W+TAG_CHANGE Entity=(.*) tag=(.*) value=(.*)/);
    if (match) {
        var [, player, type, state] = match;
        return parseTagChange(type, player, state);
    }
};

var detectAttack = function(line) {
    var match = line.match(/GameState\.DebugPrintPower\(\) -\W+ACTION_START Entity=\[name=.* id=(\d*) .* cardId=(.*) player=(\d)\] BlockType=ATTACK .* Target=\[name=.* id=(\d*) .* cardId=(.*) player=(\d)\]/);
    if (match) {
        var [, id, cardId, playerId, targetId, targetCardId, targetPlayerId] = match;
        return parseActionStart("attack", parseInt(id), cardId, parseInt(playerId), parseInt(targetId), targetCardId, parseInt(targetPlayerId));
    }
};

var detectPowerWithTarget = function(line) {
    var match = line.match(/GameState\.DebugPrintPower\(\) -\W+ACTION_START Entity=\[name=(.*) id=(\d*) zone=(.*) zonePos=(\d*) cardId=(.*) player=(\d*)\] BlockType=POWER Index=(.*) Target=\[name=(.*) id=(\d*) zone=(.*) zonePos=(\d*) cardId=(.*) player=(\d*)\]/);
    if (match) {
        var [, name, id, zone, zonePos, cardId, playerId, index, targetName, targetId, targetZone, targetZonePos, targetCardId, targetPlayerId] = match;
        return parseActionStart("power", parseInt(id), cardId, parseInt(playerId), parseInt(targetId), targetCardId, parseInt(targetPlayerId));
    }
};

var detectPowerWithoutTarget = function(line) {
    var match = line.match(/GameState\.DebugPrintPower\(\) -\W+ACTION_START Entity=\[id=(\d*) cardId=(.*) type=(.*) zone=(.*) zonePos=(\d*) player=(\d*)\] BlockType=POWER Index=(.*) Target=(\d+)/);
    if (match) {
        var [, id, cardId, type, zone, zonePos, playerId, index, targetId] = match;
        return parseActionStart("power", parseInt(id), cardId, parseInt(playerId), parseInt(targetId), null, null);
    }
};

var detectPlay = function(line) {
    var match = line.match(/GameState\.DebugPrintPower\(\) -\WACTION_START Entity=\[name=.* id=(\d*) .* cardId=(.*) player=(\d)\] BlockType=PLAY Index=(.*) Target=(\d+)/);
    if (match) {
        var [, id, cardId, playerId, index, targetId] = match;
        return parseActionStart("play", parseInt(id), cardId, parseInt(playerId), parseInt(targetId), null, null);
    }
};

var detectPlayWithDetail = function(line) {
    var match = line.match(/GameState\.DebugPrintPower\(\) -\WACTION_START Entity=\[name=.* id=(\d*) .* cardId=(.*) player=(\d)\] BlockType=PLAY Index=(.*) Target=\[name=.* id=(\d*) .* cardId=(.*) player=(\d)\]/);
    if (match) {
        var [, id, cardId, playerId, index, targetId, targetCardId, targetPlayerId] = match;
        return parseActionStart("play", parseInt(id), cardId, parseInt(playerId), parseInt(targetId), targetCardId, parseInt(targetPlayerId));
    }
};

module.exports = {
    filename: "Power.log",
    parsers: [
        detectChangeWithDetails,
        detectTagChange,
        detectAttack,
        detectPowerWithTarget,
        detectPowerWithoutTarget,
        detectPlay,
        detectPlayWithDetail
    ]
}


text:
Tolstoy's 'Afterlife': an Ambivalent Centenary
Tolstoy died on 20 November 1910, but official Russian celebrations of the centenary have been muted. Rosamund Bartlett asks why. Could it be that the Soviet 'taming' of Tolstoy still informs attitudes to him today and might the Orthodox Church have something to do with it too?
Official centenary celebrations
The former railway station of Astapovo in Lipetsk region was a hive of activity this autumn as architects, builders, electricians and decorators raced to meet an immovable deadline. For it was here that Lev Tolstoy died a hundred years ago, on 20 November 1910 (7 November according to Russia's pre-revolutionary calendar).
Regional authorities allocated more than twenty million roubles to restore the station buildings, refurbish the memorial museum and build a 'Tolstoy Cultural-Educational Centre', and the completion of these projects was announced on 16 November, with just four days to spare before the arrival of an official delegation and the launching of an 'International Tolstoy Forum'.
The centenary events which will be inaugurated on 20 November in Astapovo by the scholars, literary figures, descendants of the Tolstoy family, and dignitaries making up the delegation will last several days. After a conference at Tula State University on 21 November, there will be a visit the following day to Tolstoy's unmarked grave in the grounds of his ancestral home at Yasnaya Polyana, where he was buried a hundred years earlier, and a commemorative evening at the Russian State Library in Moscow. Events will conclude on 25 November with the last session of an 'International Tolstoy Congress' at the Tolstoy Museum, at which there will be speakers from Chechnya, Romania, China and Finland presenting papers alongside Russian scholars.
Vitaly Remizov, the Museum's Director, has naturally been central to the proceedings. As well as renovating the permanent exhibition in the modest stationmaster's house in Astapovo where Tolstoy spent his last hours, he has masterminded the construction next door of the cultural and educational centre, which incorporates a cinema, a new museum about childhood, and accommodation. Visitors making the pilgrimage will now be able to stay overnight for the first time in Astapovo.
In 1918, the station at Astapovo was renamed 'Lev Tolstoy' in honour of the fateful events of 1910, which were followed by the world's press and led to strikes and demonstrations all over Russia. While local residents are happy to continue living in the surrounding village of Lev Tolstoy, Remizov has also been successful in campaigning for the newly restored railway station to be given back its old name. Soon it will no longer be possible to say that Lev Tolstoy died in Lev Tolstoy.
Tolstoy's great great grandson Vladimir Ilych, Director of the Yasnaya Polyana museum complex, has also been particularly busy this year with conferences and family reunions.
Muted celebrations?
The frenetic local activity at Astapovo, Yasnaya Polyana and the Tolstoy Museum is deceptive, however, as the distinguishing feature of Russia's commemoration of this pivotal event in its national life has in general been silence, particularly at the official level. Suffice it to name some of the topics listed for discussion at the press conference scheduled for on 19 November at the Tolstoy Museum: 'Why does Russia keep going further away from Tolstoy?', 'Tolstoy: Myths and Reality. Who is Distorting Tolstoy's Ideas and Why?'. The contrast with how the Russian government responded to another major anniversary this year is marked. Back in January, no less a person than President Medvedev made a visit to the southern city of Taganrog, where he gave a speech in honour of the 150th anniversary of Chekhov's birth. Only the Deputy Minister of Culture of the Russian Federation will travel to Astapovo on 20 November.
When Lev Tolstoy turned up at Astapovo, a small, remote railway station, all of Russia was following the story. The Regional authorities allocated millions of roubles to restore the station buildings
Granted the anniversaries of famous deaths are no longer accompanied by the pomp and propaganda that was customary under Stalin, and granted Chekhov commemorations tend to lend themselves to public performances with reliable box-office appeal. Conceivably the authorities felt it appropriate to wait until late November to mark the Tolstoy centenary, but the special programmes on Russia's state TV channel Kul'tura (the only channel to devote any attention to Tolstoy) have been modest in scope, the Tolstoy-related publications few in number, and the coverage in the press muted.
The popular weekly magazine Ogonyok, for example, features a portrait of Tolstoy on the front cover of its 15 November issue, but the fascinating archival materials about how Soviet power 'tamed' Tolstoy published by Leonid Maximenkov play second fiddle to an interview with the stars of the American-directed film The Last Station, recently released in Russia under the title The Last Resurrection. Tolstoy is Russia's most celebrated novelist, and a titanic figure traditionally seen as synonymous with the country itself, so what happened? This is a question that has been posed several times this year by Western journalists (most recently in Miriam Elder's article 'Russia Snubs Tolstoy' for The Global Post on 12 October), but few in Russia have been willing to confront it head-on. The fiery, outspoken writer Dmitry Bykov seems to have been the first to speak out, but others have followed his lead.
Bykov takes The Last Station as the starting point of his article 'Tolstoy has Left', which was published in the 15 November issue of Profil', another weekly magazine. The film is such a travesty of life at Yasnaya Polyana, he declares, that it is shameful even to discuss it, while its director Michael Hoffman should be banned long-term from working on serious subjects just for the scene in which Tolstoy and his wife start clucking to each other like chickens. But, he concedes, 'who has the moral right to criticise this film if the Russians themselves have generally not made any preparations to mark the 100th anniversary of Lev Tolstoy's departure and death?' American and Western European interpretations of Tolstoys life maybe 'idiotic' in his opinion, but at least Tolstoy is widely read outside Russia, and revered as a great author.
Why might this be?
Bykov attributes Russia's silence to lack of interest, lack of money, and Tolstoy's lack of commercial potential in a cultural market dominated by translated blockbusters and foreign imports, but he also posits a deeper underlying reason, and that is the country's signal lack of progress in confronting the ethical issues which were still exercising Tolstoy at the very end of his life. Tolstoy's conscience would not allow him to remain silent about the injustice, lawless violence and poverty he saw all around him in late Tsarist Russia, and he appealed continually to his fellow countrymen to take a stand. Bykov argues that the situation is no better in early twenty-first century Russia, but that unlike the millions of pre-revolutionary Russians for whom Tolstoy was a shining beacon of truth, his contemporaries prefer not to remember the greatness and humanity of their 19th-century writers out of a feeling of discomfort in the face of their own compromise and apathy. Tolstoy's appeal to hearts and minds, Bykov concludes, is as futile in today's Russia as his own self-flagellating response to the country's disgraceful failure to honour the memory of one of its greatest citizens.
Certainly at the official level there seems no place for the views of a vegetarian pacifist anarchist who preached the brotherhood of man in a country which now exalts machismo, patriotic duty and strong government. And the influence of a resurgent Orthodox Church which once again enjoys close ties with the Russian government may also play a role. Excommunicated in 1901, Tolstoy remains officially vilified as an apostate, despite the mollifying efforts of Vladimir Tolstoy and the indignation of many Russians. He may have criticised the Church and preached Christ's message himself', admitted journalist Tatyana Moskvina in an article for the magazine Argumenty nedeli on 17 November, but who else did as much for the moral and religious development of Russia?' The Russian state did its best to silence Tolstoy during the last thirty years of his life, when he devoted himself to preaching his religious ideas and exposing the government's moral failings. It then looked shabby in its mealy-mouthed response in 1910, while all around the world Tolstoy was feted as a great writer and spiritual leader. In 2010, the Russian government again seems to be caught uncomfortably on the back foot while the centenary of Tolstoy's death has been widely commemorated abroad.
Tolstoy in the Soviet era
But there is a history of official repression with regards to Tolstoy's legacy which goes back to the early years of Soviet power, and which must also go some way to explaining the current squeamishness on the part of educated Russians. The archival materials published by Maximenkov in Ogonyok are given the heading 'A Hundred Years Without the Mirror', which refers to Lenin's famous definition of 'Tolstoy as the Mirror of the Russian Revolution' in 1908. This article, which Lenin wrote on the occasion of Tolstoy's eigthieth birthday, became the blueprint for all Soviet criticism of Tolstoy, and required reading in the Soviet school curriculum, ahead of those works on the list of his officially approved fiction. As an indefatigable critic of Tsarist power, and one of the world's greatest writers, Tolstoy was too valuable to the Bolsheviks to be left out of their artistic canon, but he indeed had to be 'tamed' in order to fit into the ideological straitjacket they fashioned for him. Generations of educated Russians grew up with a sanitized, Soviet Tolstoy celebrated above all for his patriotism and love of the people, and it is hardly surprising the stomach-churning associations with Communist propaganda linger.
The room in the station-master's house where Tolstoy died on 20 November 1910
The Tolstoyans
Re-educating Russians about Tolstoy's enormous legacy in the fields of religious thought, educational philosophy, and practical philanthropy remains a task for the future. It was started during the Brezhnev era by the dissident writer Mark Popovsky, who died in emigration in 2004 at the age of eighty two. As a typical member of the Soviet intelligentsia, Popovsky understandably knew nothing about the 'other' Tolstoy, whose extensive religious works were only ever published once after 1917, and in a tiny-print run overseen by hardline Marxist-Leninist apparatchiks. But his discovery in the late 1970s of the survival of tenacious followers of Tolstoy who had survived through the worst Soviet years with their integrity intact transformed his life, and resulted in a remarkable book published abroad in 1983.
After the fall of the Tsarist government, which had persecuted them for their refusal to be conscripted, there were thousands of Tolstoyans who believed Communism would be hospitable to their agricultural communes, in which private property was abolished, and each member did manual labour to earn his daily bread. They were wrong, as the persecution was far worse under the Bolsheviks, whose 'taming' of Tolstoy involved the complete obliteration of Tolstoyanism. The Soviet Tolstoyans relocated to faraway Siberia, but even there their commune was soon collectivized, their members arrested and sent to the camps, and their school shut down. The fifty or so survivors with whom Popovsky later made contact made a deep impression on him, and he later explained why to James Billington, the U.S. Librarian of Congress. The Tolstoyans had protested against the Soviet regime in an admirably intelligent way, he felt, simply by doggedly leading their individual lives in accordance with their moral principles against all odds.
The Tolstoyan Boris Mazurin lived to see his memoirs published in 1988 at the height of glasnost, when he was eighty seven, but the huge appetite in Russia for testimony by the victims of repression has long since evaporated. There is no longer any ideological impediment to publishing Tolstoy's religious works in Russia, but there is little demand for them in an intensely materialist society still making up for lost time after decades of Communist-enforced ascetism.
One has to hope that the newly revived Tolstoyan schools in Russia will produce young graduates able to appreciate their founder's vision of a simple, natural, life led in close harmony with the land, based on shared manual labour, and involving no violence or exploitation. And maybe in time Tolstoy's works will once again be read in Russia with the fervour which greeted their appearance during his lifetime.
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Written by: Oleg Yuriev All articles by: Oleg Yuriev
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russia & eurasia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Having launched Mammoth when drama was at a low ebb in 2007, the indie's founders tell Jake Kanter about their global ambitions and why the genre has entered a new golden age.
It takes just 2 minutes and offers full, instant access to the Broadcast website along with a copy of the magazine delivered every week.
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Find out more about all the benefits of a subscription to Broadcast.
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The truth is I rarely knit in this little corner as I prefer to work on projects in front of the TV or on the go. Still, I spend a good deal of time kneeling on the floor in front of my tools and notions brainstorming new and exciting projects. Having all my fabric and all my needles in one place is divine! Someday I'll hopefully pair down my stash enough to keep a basket of yarn by the chair too.
Where do you keep your craft supplies? Do you have a corner designated for tools and stashes or is everything everywhere? I'd love to hear about it!


Cleveland Hills View Holiday Park is a five-star park in an idyllic setting within the North of Yorkshire with panoramic countryside views. The park has been built with luxury in mind, with the high-standard holiday homes featuring hot-tubs, perfect for unwinding in the comfort of your own home whilst overlooking the stunning scenery. The homes also include outdoor decking, ideal for entertaining guests, and private gardens which can be landscaped by the Cleveland Hills View maintenance team. There are a range of homes on the site to cater all preferences and each home is built to an exceptional specification.
Cleveland Hills View Holiday Park is located in the pastoral village of Hutton Rudby. Hutton Rudby is surrounded by the beautiful North York Moors and has a traditional English village feel with a luscious village green, friendly-local pubs and a local village shop for holiday-home owners to find all of their essentials. Four-miles from the park is the elegant market town of Stokesley which is enriched in heritage and has impressive Victorian and Georgian buildings. The town has a good selection of quaint cafes and independent restaurants as well as a range of high-street and quirky local stores. Other surrounding towns and villages of North Yorkshire are also in easy access of the park including the scenic historical town of Yarm.
For those who love the outdoors, Cleveland Hills View is ideal with it's easy access to the North York Moors National Park. There are numerous walking and biking paths all with spectacular views and the North York Moors railway which entails a twenty-four mile journey on a traditional heritage steam-train. As well as walking and cycling, there is much else to do including fishing, wildlife-watching, golf, water sports and horse-riding.


The search giant drew attention to the activity of users on YouTube, in the framework of the initiative for digital well-being. You can now see how much time you spend watching the video.
The menu YouTube account, added a profile, which describes how much time you spent on watching videos. Google has combined pre-existing features that will help to control the use of videoresource.
The statistics log shows the time spent on YouTube today, yesterday and last seven days. It also calculates the daily average video views, but does not include the time devoted YouTube Music, YouTube or TV.
The profile also gathered some useful tools that will help you to limit time on video. The user can choose how much time he is willing to devote the session to YouTube and set up a reminder that it is time to take a break when the limit is reached. You can also disable AutoPlay videos not to get carried away by viewing the following videos that are automatically played back.
Notifications can be limited to a daily compilation of clips that the user creates. You have the option to set the time during which you will receive these notifications.


text:
ABC PROGRAM DETAILS TRAGIC HAMPTON CASE
By JIM STRATTON Daily Press
NEWPORT NEWS — The ABC news program "20/20", in a broadcast Friday investigating substandard emergency care for children, featured the case of a local family and doctor.
The program told the story of 2-year-old Timothy Seward of Newport News and Hedley Mendez, a doctor who has practiced in the area for almost 20 years.
In January 1991, Seward's parents took Timothy to the Sentara Hampton General Hospital emergency room when the boy began vomiting. Mendez examined the boy and determined the illness was not life-threatening.
According to Sentara spokeswoman Deborah Myers, Mendez sent the child home, saying he appeared to have a minor intestinal problem. The next morning, however, the boy wouldn't wake up. His parents called an ambulance and Timothy was taken this time to the emergency room at Riverside Regional Medical Center. When Timothy arrived, said Riverside spokesman Bud Ramey, he was not breathing. He died in the emergency room.
It was reported by ABC that the medical examiner determined Timothy had suffered from pneumonia or toxic shock.
The child's parents sued, and ultimately Mendez was found to be negligent. Myers said he was fined $250,000. She also said Sentara Hampton General, which was named in the original suit, was dropped from the case soon after the lawsuit was filed.
Ramey said in late 1992, Mendez began working at Riverside's emergency room. The hospital, he said, knew about the Timothy Seward case and did an extensive background check of Mendez. Hospital officials determined, he said, that Mendez was qualified to work there.
The doctor, said Ramey, has long been certified in emergency medicine. Also, the state medical board, Ramey said, did not punish Mendez after investigating the Seward incident. Mendez, who received his medical degree in 1970, could not be reached for comment.
Published correction ran Wednesday, November 16, 1994.An article in Sunday's Local section incorrectly reported that Hedley Mendez, a local doctor who once worked at Sentara Hampton General Hospital, had been fined $250,000 after being found negligent in a civil lawsuit. The amount was a jury award, not a fine.


text:
Then /^I should see a comment by "([^"]*)"$/ do |name|
  step %{I should see "#{name}" within ".active_admin_comment_author"}
end

When /^I add a comment "([^"]*)"$/ do |comment|
  step %{I fill in "active_admin_comment_body" with "#{comment}"}
  step %{I press "Add Comment"}
end

Given /^a tag with the name "([^"]*)" exists$/ do |tag_name|
  Tag.create(name: tag_name)
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Books, Photos, Movies, Speeches, Debates, Dr.
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When you are a business person that is seeking to start towards the business of investing in real estate, wholesaling properties could just be the most suitable match.
You have heard of flipping a house; however suppose you don't have any construction know-how?
With the short sales and foreclosures it's very easy for a wholesaler to locate super deals.
To become a superior wholesaler, you will need to set up a list of real estate investors. This process of acquiring low and selling for a profit really should go quite quickly. Uncover from your investor list what exactly they've been searching for and what area/ price range is. Now, whenever you get an interest in the house, it could be via a contract or option, it's time to contact your real estate investor list.


From 2011-2013 Tarbuton offered a weekly Adult Ulpan program with multiple levels of Hebrew for adults at the height there were approximately 40 adults enrolled though with erratic attendance due to issues of convenience (location, time, day), cost, and travel.
The classes were promoted in 3 locations; La Jolla, Carmel Valley/Del Mar and Encinitas and while we continue to hear from interested students, we do not have any sponsored projects offering Adult Hebrew at this time.
We will continue to encourage local teachers to take on this project. If you would like us to track your interest for them, please email us at info@tarbuton.org and we will add you to our prospective list for adult Hebrew should a project founder express interest in resurrecting Adult programs in San Diego.


Suffolk Community College Trustee Paul Pontieri, whose current term is up later this month, says he has no interest in serving another full term on the board.
However, Pontieri, 68, who is also Patchogue village mayor, said he is happy to remain on the board until Gov. Andrew Cuomo is ready to name a successor. Pontieri says he plans to run for another term as village mayor next year but just does not want to commit to another seven year stint as a college trustee.
Given the recent board history, Pontieri may remain for a while. Cuomo only earlier this year named named Bergre Escorbores, a Brentwood school administrator, to succeed Belinda Alvarez Groneman, who had been a holdover trustee since 2010. The Republican was first appointed by Gov. George Pataki in 2004.


text:
#ifndef _LINUX_VIRTIO_RING_H
#define _LINUX_VIRTIO_RING_H

#include <stdint.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/virtio_types.h>

/* This marks a buffer as continuing via the next field. */
#define VRING_DESC_F_NEXT	1
/* This marks a buffer as write-only (otherwise read-only). */
#define VRING_DESC_F_WRITE	2
/* This means the buffer contains a list of buffer descriptors. */
#define VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT	4

/* The Host uses this in used->flags to advise the Guest: don't kick me when
 * you add a buffer.  It's unreliable, so it's simply an optimization.  Guest
 * will still kick if it's out of buffers. */
#define VRING_USED_F_NO_NOTIFY	1
/* The Guest uses this in avail->flags to advise the Host: don't interrupt me
 * when you consume a buffer.  It's unreliable, so it's simply an
 * optimization.  */
#define VRING_AVAIL_F_NO_INTERRUPT	1

/* We support indirect buffer descriptors */
#define VIRTIO_RING_F_INDIRECT_DESC	28

/* The Guest publishes the used index for which it expects an interrupt
 * at the end of the avail ring. Host should ignore the avail->flags field. */
/* The Host publishes the avail index for which it expects a kick
 * at the end of the used ring. Guest should ignore the used->flags field. */
#define VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX		29

/* Virtio ring descriptors: 16 bytes.  These can chain together via "next". */
struct vring_desc {
	/* Address (guest-physical). */
	__virtio64 addr;
	/* Length. */
	__virtio32 len;
	/* The flags as indicated above. */
	__virtio16 flags;
	/* We chain unused descriptors via this, too */
	__virtio16 next;
};

struct vring_avail {
	__virtio16 flags;
	__virtio16 idx;
	__virtio16 ring[];
};

/* u32 is used here for ids for padding reasons. */
struct vring_used_elem {
	/* Index of start of used descriptor chain. */
	__virtio32 id;
	/* Total length of the descriptor chain which was used (written to) */
	__virtio32 len;
};

struct vring_used {
	__virtio16 flags;
	__virtio16 idx;
	struct vring_used_elem ring[];
};

struct vring {
	unsigned int num;

	struct vring_desc *desc;

	struct vring_avail *avail;

	struct vring_used *used;
};

/* Alignment requirements for vring elements.
 * When using pre-virtio 1.0 layout, these fall out naturally.
 */
#define VRING_AVAIL_ALIGN_SIZE 2
#define VRING_USED_ALIGN_SIZE 4
#define VRING_DESC_ALIGN_SIZE 16

/* The standard layout for the ring is a continuous chunk of memory which looks
 * like this.  We assume num is a power of 2.
 *
 * struct vring
 * {
 *	// The actual descriptors (16 bytes each)
 *	struct vring_desc desc[num];
 *
 *	// A ring of available descriptor heads with free-running index.
 *	__virtio16 avail_flags;
 *	__virtio16 avail_idx;
 *	__virtio16 available[num];
 *	__virtio16 used_event_idx;
 *
 *	// Padding to the next align boundary.
 *	char pad[];
 *
 *	// A ring of used descriptor heads with free-running index.
 *	__virtio16 used_flags;
 *	__virtio16 used_idx;
 *	struct vring_used_elem used[num];
 *	__virtio16 avail_event_idx;
 * };
 */
/* We publish the used event index at the end of the available ring, and vice
 * versa. They are at the end for backwards compatibility. */
#define vring_used_event(vr) ((vr)->avail->ring[(vr)->num])
#define vring_avail_event(vr) (*(__virtio16 *)&(vr)->used->ring[(vr)->num])

static __inline__ void vring_init(struct vring *vr, unsigned int num, void *p,
			      unsigned long align)
{
	vr->num = num;
	vr->desc = p;
	vr->avail = p + num*sizeof(struct vring_desc);
	vr->used = (void *)(((uintptr_t)&vr->avail->ring[num] + sizeof(__virtio16)
		+ align-1) & ~(align - 1));
}

static __inline__ unsigned vring_size(unsigned int num, unsigned long align)
{
	return ((sizeof(struct vring_desc) * num + sizeof(__virtio16) * (3 + num)
		 + align - 1) & ~(align - 1))
		+ sizeof(__virtio16) * 3 + sizeof(struct vring_used_elem) * num;
}

/* The following is used with USED_EVENT_IDX and AVAIL_EVENT_IDX */
/* Assuming a given event_idx value from the other side, if
 * we have just incremented index from old to new_idx,
 * should we trigger an event? */
static __inline__ int vring_need_event(__u16 event_idx, __u16 new_idx, __u16 old)
{
	/* Note: Xen has similar logic for notification hold-off
	 * in include/xen/interface/io/ring.h with req_event and req_prod
	 * corresponding to event_idx + 1 and new_idx respectively.
	 * Note also that req_event and req_prod in Xen start at 1,
	 * event indexes in virtio start at 0. */
	return (__u16)(new_idx - event_idx - 1) < (__u16)(new_idx - old);
}

#endif /* _LINUX_VIRTIO_RING_H */


If you can't retain the ones you got.
That very first call and experience is vital to your patient becoming a #Friend4Life.
Ok so it's 2016 and if you're still using an office cell phone to manually text message and remind your patients of their appointments you need help…for real.
And, if you are spending more $300-500 a month on a "marketing program" that comes with reminder software than you most likely need to reevaluate your program.
Most of the practice management software out there provides their own or integrates with top software.
Even a small no-show percentage can have a tremendous impact on operations. Let's take, for example, a regional wellness group with 12 locations and an average per-patient service cost of $120 per visit. All of the locations in this group average 160 weekly appointments per site, with an average no-show rate of 5 percent. This equates to a total of 96 missed appointments weekly appointments for the group, with $11,520 in lost revenue.
Make sure you have a system that balances a reliance on tech as well as the human touch. There are always going to be patients that prefer a call over an email, text or push notification.
Back in 2009, I was really lucky to join a startup as an early stage co-founder. That company was called DoctorBase and our primary focus, at that time was appointment reminder software with automated patient marketing.
Just like reminder technology, there are a plethora of options for collecting and managing patient feedback, internal and online.
Nearly 80% of practices identified as "better performing" used customer satisfaction surveys, and used them more frequently than lower performing practices.
If you really want to step it up a notch you can toss a little something extra into the card. I personally like Starbucks gift cards. It is something that people can use almost daily and every time they don't have to refinance their home to buy their fancy coffee they will think of you.
Many Chiropractors think it's enough to ask their CA or office manager to call past-due patients when they have time, but that is simply not enough. You need a person who's dedicated to making these phone calls and getting recall patients on the schedule. That's why I recommend hiring a patient coordinator and tasking this employee with revitalizing your recall system.
I know what you're thinking. "That sounds great, but how am I supposed to afford another employee?" I understand your concern, but bringing on a patient coordinator isn't as expensive as you think.
A good patient coordinator should be able to handle a patient base of 500 to 1,000 in about 15 hours a week. Believe me, once your new patient coordinator starts turning inactive patients into active patients who accept treatment and who refer, you'll wish you had made this investment sooner.
A note from ChiroSushi – Get your tickets now to join us in Las Vegas for the first ever ChiroSushi Summit.
A Patient Just Said Something Really Nice About Me On Facebook…Now What?


text:
LibrarianShipwreck
"More than machinery, we need humanity."
Plague Poems
You're Caught in the Net! – A review of Julia Angwin's "Dragnet Nation"
A few decades ago if somebody told you "you're being watched!" You might have dismissed them as paranoid, mildly unhinged, or perhaps you would have entertained the possibility that you had somehow become enmeshed in a web of international intrigue (cue the surf guitar!).
It's a rather sad commentary that today when somebody says "you're being watched" the standard reply is some variation of "yes, I know." Though, the suit wearing g-men and their army of acolytes have stopped trailing suspects and instead have found it more efficient (and that it requires less walking) to simply tap into the rich data streams that people are merrily creating. Granted "suspects" has become largely interchangeable with "everybody" – and the snooping governmental agent has found a new partner in the hoodie wearing tech firm.
You are being watched. But what can you do about it?
That is precisely the question that the author and investigative journalist Julia Angwin tries to answer in her new book Dragnet Nation, which chronicles (amongst other things) Angwin's attempts and frustrations with trying to defend her privacy and fight surveillance. The title of the book simply but eloquently captures the scope of the problem that Angwin is addressing – instead of foregrounding the more invasive and targeted term "surveillance" Angwin captures the sense in which all people find their information gathered up in the corporate and government dragnet (Dragnet World would also have worked as the title [maybe that's the sequel?]). As Angwin makes clear: "Round up the usual suspects" has become "round up everybody."
Angwin recognizes from the outset that while surveillance is an issue that, increasingly, impacts everybody, the history of surveillance is one that demonstrates that some groups and communities feel its repressive weight more aggressively than others. Furthermore "the history of surveillance" is a discomforting reminder that the issue of surveillance did not suddenly become an issue with Edward Snowden's revelations about the NSA – surveillance had been a problem long before white middle-class tech users suddenly felt targeted. Thus, Angwin begins her book with a quick history of governmental spying. Angwin's short history touches upon past targeting of radicals and activists by government agencies (programs like COINTELPRO and the targeting of Martin Luther King Jr.); however, she quickly transitions to discussing the modern era.
2001 is an important year in Angwin's history of surveillance, as the security apparatus hastily approved in the immediate aftermath of the attacks of September 11, 2001 – emerges as the point at which the surveillance beast was unchained. And since then it has not been told to "heel" or for that matter to "heal" – rather it has grown in size and power. Angwin notes the ways in which the newly empowered surveillance programs have simultaneously targeted everybody while Muslim-Americans have felt the hars gaze of even more invasive and omnipresent surveillance. Yet ultimately Angwin is quite skeptical of the claims that such governmental steps are needed, as she notes that it's not clear that computer enhanced surveillance efforts are more effective than older methods of intelligence gathering, or are particularly effective in stopping attacks at all.
The history of surveillance and comments upon the current "State of Surveillance" (one of the chapter titles) are replete with mentions of the forces of past repressive regimes (such as the Stasi in East Germany), with comments about how the tools at the NSA's, and corporation's, disposal would have been the fruition of wild fantasies for those past iconic repressive regimes. Yet, when Angwin looks out at the state of the watched and the watchers she finds:
"The reality is that corporate and government dragnets are inextricably linked; neither can exist without the other." (34)
In other words – at risk of being overly simplistic – to fight one dragnet one must fight the other. Thus, after grounding her argument in recent history, Angwin sets about on a mission of sorts to see what she can do to better protect her privacy. Recognizing the omnipresence of surveillance and tracking in society, Angwin notes that there is only so much that she can do without "getting off the grid" but it is rather clear that Angwin rather likes being on the grid, even if she recognizes it has some downsides. Instead, Angwin's aim is what one might expect from many people who live in technological societies, but want their lives to feel a little bit less like a prologue to 1984. The goals and values with which Angwin approaches her mission in some ways prefigure the steps she is willing to take, but her goals (or "threat model") consists of:
"Don't break the law…Continue to live in the modern world…Use conventional tools…Aim for zero data retention…Use the mud-puddle test…Engage in data pollution…Protect my traffic…Use real-time communications…Spread data around…Pay for performance…Transparency rules…Privacy as protest…Don't succumb to fear." (71-77)
It is a wide-ranging list of goals, one which blends legal concerns with a sense that the work itself is resistance along with technical goals and a final commitment to not becoming inured. The journey itself is an informative one, and the sense of "I knew it was bad, but didn't realize it was this bad" that emerges is palpable. As Angwin digs into the world of tracking (most of which is done by for-profit companies [of varying degrees of creepiness]) she uncovers the galling number of trackers at work on any site and at moments is discomforted by how much information on her some trackers have gathered and how some other trackers seem quite misinformed. Yet what is abundantly clear is that enough of those seemingly innocuous bits of data can be combined into a very noxious picture and the results can be equally nausea inducing.
To fight the trackers, the watchers, and those staring at the screens, Angwin searches for alternatives – in particular alternatives to the big trackers like Google and Facebook. She finds herself talking to executives (and workers) at companies striving to build tools that respect users' privacy, she speaks to government whistle blowers who sounded the warning about surveillance (pre-Snowden), and she meets with individuals whose commitment to anonymity has resulted in their living in a way that makes fighting surveillance a constant part of their routine. Just as Angwin's goals range across a variety of areas, so too do her solutions: she works to build iron-clad passwords, tries out encryption programs, attempts (with disappointing results) to "buy out" of companies that track her, constructs a false identity (when a site asks for your name, you don't have to give them your real one), and encourages those around her to take their privacy seriously. Without succumbing to fear, Angwin nevertheless clearly realizes that there is no panacea to the surveillance bug, but still recognizes that there are steps that people can take (some of which are pretty simple) to protect their privacy.
It is this blend of "simple steps" anybody can take along with a sort of recurring frustration that makes Dragnet Nation truly compelling. Without wanting to make any unfair assumptions about Julia Angwin – here is an experienced journalist, writing about issues of privacy and surveillance, who seems to clearly have the time and resources to really work on these issues and even she is having a lot of trouble getting out of the dragnet. Due to her connections as a journalist (and ostensibly her credit as somebody writing a book on surveillance) Angwin has access to a range of experts and executives that most people would not. At moments the degree of the challenge of escaping the dragnet is particularly indicative of the level of the problem – after all, Angwin is able to call upon skilled associates for assistance configuring encryption software, but not everybody has such associates. Likewise Angwin is able to enlist the assistance of others in trying to fight off "tracking" companies, but not everybody has the good fortune to have a research assistant. Angwin is able to go to great – if reasonable – lengths to escape from Sauron's gaze, and yet in doing so she is able to spend a fair amount of two resources that are not available to all people: money and more importantly time. What Angwin routinely comes up against is the tradeoff between the convenience that comes with allowing herself to be spied upon and the inconveniences that arise when she resists the watcher's gaze. Furthermore, Angwin depressingly encounters a mix of push-back and apathy from friends (and herself) as she gets more enmeshed in fighting off the mesh – as demonstrated by a "privacy" party she attempts to hold falling apart when most of the invitees can't be bothered to decrypt the invitation.
Dragnet Nation is an interesting, entertaining, informative, and lively read. It is an excellent selection for those who want an explanation of the current state of surveillance (and a warning of where that world may go next) without reading a "get off the grid" manifesto. While Angwin refuses to play-down the threats of surveillance and also refuses to play-up the supposed "benefits" the book still leaves readers with a number of useful takeaways: from suggestions of certain plug-ins to consider installing to a reminder of how they can build much stronger passwords. Angwin's honesty is refreshing, particularly as she writes with a sense that she "kept fighting the last war" (178) which makes it clear just how difficult it is to find a fix for the fix in which surveillance traps people.
Throughout Dragnet Nation a point that Angwin continually circles back to is the fact that the people, groups and companies working to actively combat surveillance are being overwhelmed and outspent. While Angwin emphasizes the importance of paying for the anti-surveillance tools she likes ("pay for performance") she still finds that these companies tend to be small and unable to rise to a similar scale as their invasive opponents. In this regard Angwin is able to nimbly, if not deeply, discuss the ways in which constant surveillance has become a major force in the market, but this is a point with which Angwin engages in a less consistent way than other issues. Indeed, the main critique that could be aimed at Dragnet Nation, its one truly nagging flaw is that for all of its discussion of politics and for all of its discussion of the economics of surveillance, the book ultimately lacks a critique borne of political economy. Thus to fully understand the larger contextual meaning of Dragnet Nation one benefits from reading it alongside a book like Robert McChesney's Digital Disconnect as the argument made by McChesney is a sustained critique of the way capitalism has produced the warped Internet and by extension the surveillance functionality which Angwin is discussing.
At a few points in Dragnet Nation the lack of a stronger critique grounded in political economy emerges with somewhat unintentionally amusing results. Case in point, in a chapter titled "Leaving Google" Angwin faces the frustration of the lack of options for e-mail providers outside of the big companies and eventually finds herself considering Riseup – an e-mail service with anarchist roots that asks its users to agree to a "social contract" which includes that users should not use Riseup to advocate "support for capitalism, domination, or hierarchy" (123). Angwin finds herself caught off guard by this anti-capitalist sentiment, though not too seriously thrown off; however, this unfortunately misses an opportunity to contemplate the ways in which "support for capitalism, domination, [and] hierarchy" are arguably the central problems with the very e-mail services she is moving to Riseup in order to escape. A similarly amusing clash occurs in the following chapter as Angwin considers ways in which to better mask her online spending. Musing on why she remains somewhat skeptical of bitcoins she notes "I didn't want to be suspected of being an anarchist" (138) and then two sentences later (really) recognizes that her concerns about spending are making her think of "the anthropologist David Graeber's beautiful mediation on the meaning and moral implications of debt" (138). David Graeber being, of course, a well-known anarchist anthropologist. The point being that perhaps a slightly more radical political/economic critique on Angwin's part would help make clearer some of the issues with which she is dealing. At the very least it would allow for an argument that can more openly name that one of the forces driving surveillance is capitalism.
On a similar level Dragnet Nation is also somewhat stymied by the stance Angwin takes towards technology: a stance which is at times skeptical but for the most part is unabashedly pro-technology. As a journalist, Angwin makes it clear the ways in which technology textures her professional life and the ways in which technology textures her personal life as well (though she does quit Facebook) – thus she is willing to run the obstacle course to set-up a "burner" phone, but the option to do without a smart phone (or do without a cell phone) is not really an option for her. This is understandable and ultimately is one of the reasons why Dragnet Nation is such a compelling read, because Angwin (like most of the book's audience) are likely only willing to go so far when it comes to protecting their privacy. Yet, as Angwin tries one device after another, one app after another, and speaks to one company after another, a sense may emerge as to whether or not a lot of the issues really do have to do with the devices themselves. After all, if your smart phone has become history's most efficient secret informant than maybe the solution is to not have a smart phone – as Angwin makes clear, your smart phone is more efficient than a battalion of Stasi officers. Though to reach such a conclusion one must be willing to argue that "not have a smart phone" is actually a reasonable answer, and Angwin seems hesitant to make such an argument. In a conversation with the whistle blower Thomas Drake about issues of surveillance, Drake comments:
"That's how you defeat high-tech…with low-tech." (191)
and yet the next sentence (after a section break) is the line:
"I still wanted a technological solution." (191)
It is an understandable desire, and throughout the book it is clear that this is what Angwin "wanted;" however, the book also makes it clear that most "technological solutions" are answers to the "last war" to the "last question" not the current one. Alas, expecting a technological or a capitalist solution to the issues of surveillance may not be to find a real solution but just alternatives to buy that will insulate a certain set of individuals whilst the majority find their information caught in the dragnet. Which is to restate that while Dragnet Nation is an informative read it works best when pared with works that advance a critique rooted in political-economy (I'd recommend José Van Dijck's The Culture of Connectivity or Robert McChesney's Digital Disconnect) and a critique of technology (I'd recommend Langdon Winner's The Whale and the Reactor or Doug Hill's Not So Fast).
Dragnet Nation is a highly readable and very engaging text, which demonstrates the extent of the surveillance issue while providing readers with some real steps that they can take. Though, it may be that the greatest strength of Angwin's book is as a gateway argument that will get readers interested in a broader critique. Yet, at the very least, Dragnet Nation is a serious discussion of a pressing issue, and it functions as a much better conversation starter than giving somebody a tinfoil hat.
[Note to the editor/publisher of Dragnet Nation – while it is hard to know exactly when Dragnet Nation was typeset and sent to the printer, please note for future printings and the paperback edition that the name of the whistle blower who gave documents about the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan to Wikileaks is Chelsea Manning]
The Book Reviewed
Dragnet Nation
by Julia Angwin
Time Books, Henry Holt and Company, 2014.
Other Book Reviews
Who Owns the Future? by Jaron Lanier
Not So Fast by Doug Hill
Digital Disconnect by Robert McChesney
The Riot Grrrl Collection
Present Shock by Douglas Rushkoff
To Save Everything Click Here by Evgeny Morozov
About Z.M.L
"I do not believe that things will turn out well, but the idea that they might is of decisive importance." – Max Horkheimer librarianshipwreck.wordpress.com @libshipwreck
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11 comments on "You're Caught in the Net! – A review of Julia Angwin's "Dragnet Nation""
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This entry was posted on March 31, 2014 by Z.M.L in Activism, Books, Capitalism, Government, History, Privacy, Reviews, Surveillance, Technology, The Internet and tagged Book Review, Dragnet Nation, Julia Angwin, Wplongform.
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text:
var video =require('../burn_srt_on_video');

var src = "./debate_test_trimmed.mp4";
var srt = "test.srt";
var output= "test_output.mp4";
video.burn_text(src,srt,output);


text:
The Emergence of Social Bonds As a New Rating
Lori Shapiro
Sustainable Finance Associate at S&P Global Ratings
A doctor stands outside the Roosevelt Hospital in Guatemala City on January 27, 2021. In April 2020, Guatemala became the first country to issue a sovereign social bond aimed at financing COVID-19 response efforts.
Photo: Johan Ordonez/AFP via Getty Images
The COVID-19 pandemic has dragged countries around the world through a period of economic disruption, the depths of which have not been seen since the Great Depression. Increased unemployment, rising fatality rates and strained health care systems have placed a spotlight on a future fraught with social risks. In parallel, corporations and financial institutions have been looked to for leadership in addressing these unforeseen challenges.
Positive Social Outcomes
S&P research shows that this call for a greater focus on mitigating social risks has spilled over into the capital markets, particularly through the rapid rise of social bond issuance — even as credit conditions have weakened sharply.
Social bonds have emerged as an unlikely tool in the economic fight against the virus to address the demands of consumers and communities that are increasingly aware of current social issues. The International Capital Market Association (ICMA) defines social bonds as those whose proceeds fund new and existing projects with positive social outcomes, such as improving food security and access to education, health care and financing.
Although historically only constituting a relatively small part of the overall sustainable debt market, social bond issuance has more than quadrupled this year — with growth outpacing
the more mature green bond market. The trend could foretell a pivot away from a historically climate-centric sustainable debt space and reflect a diversification of sustainability objectives financed by investors.
And, while the COVID-19 pandemic may have precipitated this recent surge, the appeal of social bonds as a sustainable finance instrument may endure long after the pandemic's effects have subsided. According to the Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI), of the $400 billion in sustainable debt issuance in 2019, social bonds constituted approximately $20 billion — just 5% of market share. But, from this low-base, their share is growing rapidly: According to Morgan Stanley, $32 billion of "social" and "sustainability" bonds were issued in April 2020 alone.
This also marked the first month during which social and sustainability bond issuance surpassed green bonds.
Undoubtedly, much of this rapid growth can be attributed to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has accelerated the issuance of social bonds to finance both public and private responses and create positive social outcomes, especially for target populations.
In March 2020, ICMA underlined the relevance of social bonds in addressing the coronavirus pandemic and provided additional guidance for eligible social projects, which could include coronavirus-related health care and medical research, vaccine development, and medical equipment investments.
The increased scope of projects eligible to be considered under the social bond designation likely led issuers, particularly supranationals, to become more active in the space.
In March 2020, the International Finance Corporate completed its largest social bond issuance since its social bond program was launched in 2017 to finance its response to the coronavirus. Soon after, the African Development Bank launched a $3 billion "Fight COVID-19" social bond, which, according to the Institute of International Finance, was the world's largest dollar-denominated social bond transaction to date.
First Country to Issue a Sovereign Social Bond
Furthermore, In April 2020, Guatemala became the first country to issue a sovereign social bond aimed at financing COVID-19 response efforts. These recent issuances indicate that the pandemic has not turned issuers' or investors' attention away from sustainable finance; in fact, interest in this space seems to be expanding. We do not believe that market engagement in green bonds or loans will tail off entirely.
However, as the sustainable debt market grows, we anticipate social bonds will make up a significantly larger share. As calls for transparency become louder, social bond reporting and robust disclosure practices will only gain importance.
Historically, green bonds have been more popular than their social bond counterparts, partly because their impact can be tracked using more easily quantifiable and science-based metrics (i.e., a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions or energy use) that are well-understood by investors.
This mitigates the risk of "greenwashing" — where a company misuses the "green" label to overstate the true environmental benefit of a transaction and, in doing so, misleads market participants. The standards surrounding social bonds, however, are more complicated because assessing social impacts tends to be more qualitative and less standardized than for green projects.
The Risk of 'Social Washing'
As interest in social risks grows, particularly amid the COVID-19 pandemic, investors now face a new issue — social-washing — which, in our opinion, could arise if the proceeds are labelled as "social," but the implied social benefits are questionable. In order to standardize the definition of social projects and mitigate this risk much like it did for the green bond market, ICMA developed a set of Social Bond Principles (SBPs) in 2018. These were later updated this year.
The principles encourage companies to define what they consider "eligible projects," structure their transactions to avoid misallocation and regularly report on use of proceeds. Adherence to the SBPs is generally valued as a sign of credibility and market integrity given enhanced transparency and standardized disclosure practices.
However, the guidelines are voluntary, and unlike for green bonds, where around 80%-90% of issuances are aligned with the Green Bond Principles, a number of institutions have issued COVID-19 and other self-labelled social bonds that are not aligned with ICMA's SBPs.
In addition, with so many issuers currently accessing the social debt market, speed to market has become the most important factor, with many issuers foregoing external verification/review. Therefore, while we are seeing growth in social debt for crisis response, improvements in tracking and disclosure are experiencing a significant lag. As social bond issuance picks up, we anticipate expectations for transparency will grow while social bond impact reporting will be imperative to developing a more standardized social bond market.
Although still small, we believe the social bond landscape is growing and evolving rapidly and that the correct steps are being taken to ensure sustained capital flows toward socially beneficial objectives. The recent surge in social bond issuance to address the COVID-19 pandemic has given investors the rare opportunity to evaluate an entity's commitment to its stakeholders — including employees, customers and communities — in the short-term.
Improved transparency and reporting practices will ultimately help reduce some of the social bond risks, including social-washing, and solidify investors' confidence in the asset class as it grows, ultimately propelling further issuance.
Investment Risk Mitigation
Lori Shapiro joined S&P Global Ratings in 2017, and has been on the Sustainable Finance team since February 2020. Since joining the team, Lori has led thought leadership on social risks and on the evolution of the sustainable debt market.
The Global Economy in 2022
URL: https://www.brinknews.com/the-emergence-of-social-bonds-as-a-new-rating/


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Trully unique parfums, fantastic shop help.
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Definitely a unique experience, where you can mix up the perfume from the individual monovůní by yourself and your own taste.
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Q: Canon MF Network Scan Utility - autohide/"silent mode" I've got this AIO printer - MF4570dn. Everything is working.. fine.
What I want is some version of "silent" network scan - where you just put docs in scanner and press: Scanner -> Computer Scan -> Ok. And scan utility puts scanned document on network (smb) drive.
Closest I've got is all that above + Network scan utility that automatically opens and closes on computer that it's installed on.
I would like to hide it or mask it - so that it wouldn't disturb user on that workstation.
I have tried several window hiding applications "TryIt!" and "Auto Window manager"  - won't help because Canon MF toolbox opens another "internal" window that those utilities won't see and for that matter can't hide.
What direction should I look? (It's winxp sp3)
(I wouldn't like to go as far as hacking terminal services or installing virtualbox or something that crazy.)

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