text:
Hack Education Weekly News
Audrey Watters
Each week, I gather a wide variety of links to education and education technology articles. All this feeds the review I write each December on the stories we are told about the future of education.
(National) Education Politics
Via Forbes: "The Startup President: How France's Macron Nearly Built An EdTech Company." Ed-tech: where you don't need an actual product idea for a company, and you can incubate your neoliberalism anyway.
Mick Zais has been confirmed as the Deputy Secretary of Education.
Via Education Week: "DeVos Team Considering Reshuffling of Education Department's Main K–12 Office."
Lots of Betsy DeVos-related for-profit higher education news in the for-profit higher ed section below.
Via Education Week: "FCC's Net Neutrality Repeal to Take Effect June 11, Worrying Schools." More via Edsurge.
Via Inside Higher Ed: "Career Training Groups Encouraged by Trump Pick for CTE Job." That is, Scott Stump. And CTE here, to be clear, means career and technical education not chronic traumatic encephalopathy, although I would understand it if you were confused.
The Washington Post's Valerie Strauss with a clickbait-y headline: "Betsy DeVos went to New York to visit schools for the first time. Guess which ones." I'll save you the click – two private orthodox Jewish schools: Manhattan High School for Girls and the Yeshiva Darchei Torah Boys School.
Via The Yale Daily News: "Federal Office of Civil Rights investigates Yale" for too many programs that benefit women, or something.
(State and Local) Education Politics
State and local teachers' protests are in the "labor and management" section below.
Via EdScoop: "Google adds new terms to comply with Connecticut student data privacy laws."
Via NPR: "Illinois Imposes Sweeping Control Over Chicago's Special Education Program."
Local Indianapolis school politics via Chalkbeat: "The Mind Trust's new CEO pledges to listen to critics and look to parents to lead changes."
Via The New York Times: "L.G.B.T. Students in Oregon Were Bullied and Forced to Read Bible, Report Says." That is, students in the North Bend School District.
Immigration and Education
Via Slate: "ICE claimed a Dreamer was 'gang-affiliated' and tried to deport him. A federal judge ruled that ICE was lying."
Via NPR: "A DACA Recipient Graduates Amid Deportation Fears."
Via The Chronicle of Higher Education: "U. of Texas System Apologizes for Revoking Nepali Students' Scholarships."
Via Inside Higher Ed: "Violate Your Student Visa? You're Not Welcome Here."
Education in the Courts
More about the Supreme Court's decision to legalize sports gambling in the sports section below.
Via NPR: "Michigan State University Reaches $500 Million Settlement With Nassar Abuse Victims."
Via Inside Higher Ed: "Textbook Authors Sue Cengage Over Subscription Model." More via Mindwires Consulting's Michael Feldstein.
Via LJWorld.com: "KU student who hacked computers and changed his grades is convicted of 4 felonies." That's the University of Kansas.
Via Edsurge: "For Free Community College, Online Learning Isn't Always Part of the Recipe for Success."
Via Inside Higher Ed: "A two-year college in Ohio will award students a free second year of tuition if they successfully finish their first year while completing at least 30 credit hours." That is, Marion Technical College.
The Business of Financial Aid
Via Inside Higher Ed: "How Parent PLUS Worsens the Racial Wealth Gap."
Via Bustle: "I've Paid $18,000 To A $24,000 Student Loan, & I Still Owe $24,000."
"Examining Trends in Graduate Student Debt by Race and Ethnicity" by Seton Hall University professor Robert Kelchen.
The "New" For-Profit Higher Ed
Via The New York Times: "Education Department Unwinds Unit Investigating Fraud at For-Profits."
Via The New York Times: "A State Attorney General Calls Out Betsy DeVos on For-Profit Colleges." That's New Jersey's AG, Gurbir S. Grewal.
David Halperin writes, "The once for-profit Art Institutes are now run by the non-profit, faith-based Dream Center. But they're connected to the new Woz U and a web of for-profit companies – raising questions of conflict of interest and legal compliance."
Online Education (and the Once and Future "MOOC")
Via The Blade: "School that took ECOT students wants poor scores ignored." ECOT is the Electronic Classroom of Tomorrow, a failed online charter school. The school that took the students when Ohio shut the former down, K12 Inc's Ohio Virtual Academy – another institution with a pretty shoddy track record.
Via The Washington Post: "Don't know the graduate next to you? You're not alone. One-third of students take at least one class online."
VCU's Jon Becker on distance education as a "pot of gold" – parts 1 and 2.
The University of Rosario has joined edX.
Meanwhile on Campus…
Via Willamette Week: "Marylhurst University Will Abruptly Announce Its Closure Today, In its 125th Year of Operation." More on Marylhurst from Inside Higher Ed and from The Chronicle of Higher Education. (Note: Marylhurst was one of the experimental sites of the EQUIP program.)
Via The Chronicle of Higher Education: "Catholic U. Plan, Which Could Result in Layoffs of Tenured Profs, Moves Ahead."
Via The LA Times: "A USC doctor was accused of bad behavior with young women for years. The university let him continue treating students."
Via Inside Higher Ed: "The accusations against Columbia International University President Mark Smith were shocking enough – a former university general counsel alleging that Smith covered up rampant sexual harassment and bigotry by his son when they were both employed by another religious college."
Via Edsurge: "How Cornell University Diversified Its Incoming PhD Computer Science Student Body."
The Atlantic on the University of Pennsylvania: "The Ivy League School That Won't Talk About Its Most Famous Graduate."
Via The Chronicle of Higher Education: "After Years of State Budget Woes, the U. of Illinois Will Hire Hundreds of Faculty Members."
Via NPR: "Spelman College Quietly Eliminates One Of The Country's Few Jazz Programs For Women."
Via The Chronicle of Higher Education: "This Is What Georgia Tech Thinks College Will Look Like in 2040." Don't worry. I'll circle back around in a couple decades to check up on these predictions.
Via The Chronicle of Higher Education: "UMass-Boston Faculty Votes No Confidence in System's Leaders Over Purchase of Small College."
Via The Washington Post: " Teachers at a D.C. school say seniors' absences were erased, prompting investigation."
"The Radical Self-Reliance of Black Homeschooling" by The Atlantic's Melinda D. Anderson.
Stanford's Larry Cuban on Khan Lab School – part 1 and 2.
Accreditations and Certifications and Competencies
Via The Wall Street Journal: "One Year of 'College' With No Degree, But No Debt And a Job at the End" – and, I guess, no school either as this is a story on MissionU, which just closed its doors after being acquired. More on that in the "upgrade/downgrade" section below.
Speaking of unaccredited programs that seem to get lauded in the press, here's The Chronicle of Higher Education on Runchero University, an unaccredited "utopian community based on cooperative living and practical skills": "This Software Millionaire Is Building the Low-Tech College of His Dreams." The rich guy in question: Kevin Runner.
Via Edsurge: "Why the Lumina Foundation Is Betting Big on New Kinds of Credentials."
Via The Atlantic: "An SAT for CEOs."
Go, School Sports Team!
Via Inside Higher Ed: "The Supreme Court's decision permitting sports gambling creates a slew of issues for colleges, sports administrators and the NCAA, David Welch Suggs Jr. says."
Via NPR: "Before They Walk Into A Classroom, These New Teachers Will March On The N.C. Capitol." More on why North Carolina teachers are protesting in The Washington Post.
Via In These Times: "Colorado Teachers Are Mad as Hell – And Now They're out on Their First Strike in Decades."
Via Inside Higher Ed: "Cornell Violated Federal Labor Law in Grad Assistant Union Election."
Postdoctoral researchers at the University of Washington have voted to unionize.
Via The Kentucky Kernel: " UK seeks to fire tenured journalism professor over sales of his own textbook." The UK, in this headline, stands for the University of Kentucky. The professor in question: Buck Ryan. (If you Google him, you might surmise there's a lot more going on here than just textbook sales.)
Via The Chronicle of Higher Education: "Texas State U. Police Chief Resigns Amid Racial Tensions on Campus."
An op-ed from someone from Kelly Services – you know, the temp agency – in Edsurge on "Why Solving the Teacher Shortage Is Critical for Edtech."
The Business of Job Training
Via Campus Technology: "University of Washington Continuum College Launches Coding Boot Camp." That is, the university has outsourced the teaching of JavaScript, Node.js, HTML, CSS, and jQuery to the for-profit company Trilogy Education.
Speaking of which, Inside Higher Ed writes, "Trilogy Education Services runs coding boot camps for a growing number of universities. The partnerships are lucrative for the institutions, but are they worth the reputational risk?"
This Week in Betteridge's Law of Headlines
"Is the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative the Future of Philanthropy?" asks the Stanford Social Innovation Review.
(Reminder: according to Betteridge's Law of Headlines, "Any headline that ends in a question mark can be answered by the word no.")
Upgrades and Downgrades
College "alternative" startup MissionU enters the ed-tech deadpool. More on the ending in the venture capital section below. So many puff pieces in the ed-tech press about this – including one a week ago in The Wall Street Journal. So many people predicting this company would disrupt higher ed. How embarrassing for y'all.
Michael Horn writes in Edsurge about "Why Google Maps – not Netflix or Amazon – Points to the Future of Education." Funny, it was just a few years ago that he wrote that, indeed, Netflix and Amazon did point the way.
It's almost as though there are zero consequences in ed-tech for being full of shit.
Techcrunch with the corporate PR: "For Apple, this year's Global Accessibility Awareness Day is all about education." And another one: "Apple brings its coding lessons to schools for students who are blind and deaf."
Different company, but same practice – tech journalism as marketing. Via Techcrunch: "Facebook launches Youth Portal to educate teens on the platform, how their data is being used." The Verge tries to take a slightly skeptical angle: "If Facebook wants to appeal to teens, it might start by rethinking its new 'Youth Portal'."
Still more advertorial content.
The New Yorker's Jia Tolentino on "The Promise of Vaping and the Rise of Juul." Bonus points, truly, for having a "mindfulness curriculum."
Via The Chronicle of Higher Education: "What a Controversy Over an App Tells Us About How Students Learn Now." The app in question is Quizlet, a digital flash card tool that allows students to share their study notes. Because students have never been able to share notes or study together until this moment in history.
Rolin Moe is just on fire with this essay on the idea that "innovation" should be an academic discipline.
Via The New York Times: "Assassin's Creed Has a New Mission: Working in the Classroom." (Compare/contrast with this pretty terrible piece on Fortnite.)
Robots and Other Education Science Fiction
Despite the headlines, Google Duplex did not defeat "the Turing Test." In fact, Axios suggests that Google might have staged the demo it gave of its new voice assistant. But questions about accuracy never stop ed-tech evangelists from pronouncing that new shiny things are the future of teaching.
Via Campus Technology: "Carnegie Mellon to Offer Undergrad AI Degrees." Tune into my newsletter tomorrow when I blast a curriculum that offers no social sciences or humanities courses.
Via Techcrunch: "Starting a robotics company out of school? Not so fast, suggest investors.
(Venture) Philanthropy and the Business of Education Reform
Via Wired: "Musk, Zuckerberg, Bezos, and Ethically Iffy 'Philanthropy'."
Via the AP: "Bill Gates Gives $44M to Influence State Education Plans."
Exclusive footage obtained by All In... Bill Gates dishes on his meetings with Donald Trump. More tonight at 8PM ET. #inners pic.twitter.com/Zoehj1WTfk
— All In w/Chris Hayes (@allinwithchris) May 17, 2018
There's some CZI news in the Betteridge's Law of Headlines section.
Sponsored content on Edsurge this week, paid for by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative includes this.
Venture Capital and the Business of Education
OpenClassrooms, a French MOOC provider according to Techcrunch, has raised $60 million from Bpifrance, General Atlantic, Alven Capital, and Citizen Capital. It has raised $69.7 million total.
Coding, a Chinese learn-to-code company, has raised $15 million from Tencent Holdings.
ClassWallet has raised $2.3 million from Sinovation Ventures, NewSchools Venture Fund, Florida Funders, Brentwood Associates, and Rainfall Capital. The financial management company has raised $6.3 million total.
Selected has raised $1.2 million in seed funding from Propel Capital and Kapor Capital for its teacher-hiring software.
WeWork has acquired MissionU. (Among its other recent acquisitions: the Flatiron School and about $18 billion in rental contracts.) MissionU will close its doors.
Chegg has acquired WriteLab for $15 million.
Learn-to-code company Tynker has acquired Pythonroom.
Boxlight has acquired Cohuborate for $1.8 million.
Pluralsight has gone public, raising $310 million. Several more stories via Techcrunch.
"Why Was Springer Nature's IPO Withdrawn?" asks The Scholarly Kitchen's Roger Schonfeld.
Via Edsurge: "New Markets Venture Partners' Latest Edtech Fund Closes at $68 Million." Investors in the venture capital fund include ACT, Lumina Foundation, Strada Education Network, ECMC Group, and Prudential Financial.
Data, Surveillance, and Information Security
Via Wired: "Congress, Privacy Groups Question Amazon's Echo Dot for Kids."
Via The Intercept: "Experts Say Keep Amazon's Alexa Away From Your Kids." So of course, it'll be in classrooms everywhere.
Via Stuff.co.nz: "Machine learning algorithm is claimed to predict which students will drop out."
Via The Epoch Times: "High School in China Installs Facial Recognition Cameras to Monitor Students' Attentiveness."
Coming soon to a school near you, this via the South China Morning Post: "China is mining data directly from workers' brains on an industrial scale." Sounds like "social emotional learning" to me!
It's not really a privacy story, but I'm including it in this section nonetheless. An op-ed in The Hechinger Report by Lisa Petrides and Doug Levin: "A look at the ethics of public education in an increasingly digital world."
Research, "Research," and Reports
Via Crunchbase: "These Schools Graduate The Most Funded Startup CEOs." Surprise surprise. Harvard, Stanford, and MIT top the list.
I'm not sure what this headline means, but hey. It's an op-ed from venture capitalist Ryan Craig in Techcrunch: "Broadening education investments to full-stack solutions." Are full-stack solutions compatible with "unbundling"? It's so hard to keep the hoopla straight.
Via KQED's Mindshift: "Hospitals See Growing Numbers Of Kids And Teens At Risk For Suicide."
Via The Hechinger Report: "High-income kids seem to benefit more from educational videos more than low-income kids, study shows."
Via Edsurge: "Report: Class of 2018 Has Better Job Prospects than Classes of 2009–2017, but Still Faces Challenges."
The American Enterprise Institute has released a report on apprenticeships and community colleges.
Via Education Week: "The Average Teacher Spends $479 a Year on Classroom Supplies, National Data Show." For what it's worth, this is self-reported data.
The NEPC has released a new report on "full-time virtual and blended schools."
Via The Chronicle of Higher Education: "Yes, College Is 'Worth It,' One Researcher Says. It's Just Worth More if You're Rich."
Via Chalkbeat: "As NYC encourages more elementary teachers to specialize in math, new research shows the strategy could hurt student learning."
"School funds should follow students, not protect institutions," says Brookings Institution, echoing Betsy DeVos's rhetoric so that's interesting.
Via The Associated Press: "Schools See Steep Drop in Librarians, New Analysis Finds."
Related: Education Week's Ben Herold on a recent talk by USC professor Safiya Noble: "Schools Shouldn't Trust Google Search Because It Reinforces Racism, Researcher Argues."
You know that stat that folks like to toss around about the 30 million "word gap" experienced by poor children and children of color? Guess what…
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2010-2020 · About the author
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The History of the Future of Education Technology
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don't have it as nice as most of us who celebrate this holiday.
Careful attention was placed on his care.
waited for news of the surgery's outcome.
we pray for his speedy recovery.
God bless you all. Enjoy your day.


Welcome to the DMT-Nexus » DMT EXTRACTION » DMT Extraction paths » A/B » Double PC bark abuse.
So after struggling for a while getting the goodies out of various acacias I decided to ramp up the cook to new levels.
* Whilst solution was still hot 80ml of shellite added and shaken multiple times and then pulled after 45 minutes.
The third pull the next day yielded just 2 tiny little xtals, lonely in the dish. Just a few mg.
There's nothing new here in science terms, but the massive PC overkill on the bark and the hot pulls extracted all of the DMT very effectively with minimal effort. I'm much happier to have a pot sit there on ultra low for the day than to be shaking and stuffing around for hours doing many pulls.
Sure with a moar oily source a backsalt would be essential, but even so... it still seems worthwhile.
How much was your final yield ?
1.2%. I don't think I could have got moar from this particular source material.
Mind me asking which acuminata?
Narrow, normal or small seed?
Very interesting a method of yours.
I will try it on mhrb if i finally can find some free time.
"To rule yourself is the ultimate power."


text:
Agreed @cnynurse!
Also, I think it was hard on Chris to make a decision regardless of who the girl was- he's a great guy
"Everything we do, we do 100 percent. The fact that he gave every relationship he was in the attention that it needed makes me feel even better about what we have," she said, when asked if she was bothered by how conflicted he seemed. "There's no secrets here."
she keeps saying "I feel confident in what we have." = she is not fully confident in what they have.
I think Whitney is a great girl and is honestly in love with Chris but Chris's excitement isnt matching hers... Becca is definitely still on his mind but she was too indecisive for him.
by Maddy 3/10/2015 2:33:39 AM
I hope it works out..Chris really wants to be married he wasn't on the show just to screw around
Whitney just said she still plans to move to Arlington. "Right now we're just excited to be normal and to be in public and we just can't wait for that!"
I think they have love and respect for each other. Which equals long term relationship
I have been married 21 yr. It takes talking, about everything and giving love time to blossom
We're now seeing a scene of Chris's parents greeting Chris and Whitney just after the proposal. They're thrilled.
His family love Whitney!!
Why hasn't she moved to Arlington already?
@BV I'm not sure! She didn't say.
"We're gonna make some babies! They're gonna be freakin' cute," she said.
No twist revealed yet?
@ThankYouForTheLiveBlog: No, not yet.
Maybe because it would have produced spoilers. If a news crew is driving through Arlington and sees Whitney that basically ruined the ending of the show
Lots of Cute little corn fed babies!!
by Lisa W 3/10/2015 2:37:07 AM
This marriage will last!
Chris Harrison just pointed out Ashley S. in the audience. "You know I love you but we have a bit of an issue," he said, asking her again if she'll appear on "Bachelor in Paradise." "I suppose I might be there!"
she hasn't moved to arlington yet because she couldn't tell the winner was revealed...had she moved it would have been a giveaway who won.
by hi 3/10/2015 2:37:35 AM
Real love takes some work. It's a fantasy being in all those countries and luxury. Now to the real life.
by Tatchen 3/10/2015 2:38:02 AM
Anyone ever find out why no travel except to Bali?
@IamLindaFoley I think Chris wanted to stay close to home.
I think Chris wanted more places that felt like home and he liked to spend vacations at
Feeling annoyed.
Why- he could have had a free 4 week vacation everywhere. Even to Canada? That is close to home
That's what I read as well
by Teubie 3/10/2015 2:40:39 AM
I see jade in the audience....Bachelorette??
by I see Jade in the audience.... 3/10/2015 2:40:41 AM
He might of wanted more of a real life style with the women than a luxury like all the other shows.
Whitney is a good person. I wonder who the bachelorette is???
by Sara 3/10/2015 2:41:08 AM
places that reminded him of home. Not exotic places he would probably never go
Chris goes on DWTS!
by Team B 3/10/2015 2:41:10 AM
They're goi announce that Chris will be on dancing with the stars
Yes a marriage takes lots of work. Love, Respect and the most important thing is God!!! With God they will last!!
That is the twist?
The show is back! @IamLindaFoley, they haven't said yet.
I predict that this will be an everlasting love!!!
No DWTS
Whitney just admitted to sneaking off to Arlington during the show. "It's been great," she said. "It's not too far from Chicago so it was an easy getaway and it's nice to get to hang out with [his parents] Linda and Gary and also Chris's sisters."
@Veronica Escalona: I like your comment
by Go for Whitmey! she is the... 3/10/2015 2:42:54 AM
Bottom line- haters and likers- whatever they want we should wish them well

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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The Princess and the Assassin
Date:January 2014
Filmography , Music
[audio:http://www.scottstedman.com/Music/College%20and%20Stuff%20Volume%20III/The%20Princess%20and%20the%20Assassin.mp3|titles= The Princess and the Assassin]
This has been in the works for at least 4 months now. The piece originally started out as a segment of the next symphony, but I gradually realized that it didn't fit the concept material I was working with and I eventually started working on it out of context, and it became this.
This is what is classically called a "symphonic poem"/"tone poem". 9 minutes long, one single movement, based around the conceptual characters from a game I've been playing lately called "Dishonored". The idea here is two contrasting themes, one for the Princess of the story and one for an Assassin named Corvo, presented and interwoven. There is no set "story" in this, per say, just a feeling/mood/idea that is to be evoked. It's more music for music's sake, but there is some background to it.
Click the artwork to download.
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Hi there! My name is Scott Quentin Stedman, and I'm a designer/composer/photographer from Southern California. This site is a portfolio of what I consider to be some of my best work, so grab a cup of coffee and have fun browsing. Preferably in the "store" section. With your credit card handy. Just kidding, But seriously.
© 2022 scottquent.in


At the busy intersection of two state highways in southwest Medina County sits a 3-unit property. Well loved by locals. This property has all the charm of a century home and is fully modernized. Nearly 5,000 square feet, approx. 3,000 of which is retail space formerly used as an antique shop. Adjoining the retail space is a spacious, beautiful home including over sized custom design kitchen, and a separate cozy 1 bedroom suite. The main building also has an enclosed and a wrap-around porch. Parking on both sides for 12+ cars to park. The property sits on over one and a quarter acres. Out back is a 1,344 square foot pole barn offering extra retail space, storage, a workshop, private parking, and more. This property is multi-functional limited only by the imagination of the buyer. It is a must see to understand just how distinctive it is. Renovations include; roof, refinished hardwood floors throughout house, insulation, cinder block basement, siding, doors, windows, electric, plumbing, drywall, interior and exterior paint, furnace, Vinyl Siding, Central a/c, H20 tank, Chimney, First Floor Laundry, and more.


text:
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <auto-generated>
//     This code was generated by a tool.
//     Runtime Version: 14.0.0.0
//
//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
//     the code is regenerated.
// </auto-generated>
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services.ConnectedService.Templates.CSharp
{
    using Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services.ConnectedService;
    using Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services.ConnectedService.CodeModel;
    using System;

    /// <summary>
    /// Class to produce the template output
    /// </summary>

    #line 1 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"
    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating", "14.0.0.0")]
    public partial class SalesforceService : SalesforceServiceBase
    {
#line hidden
        /// <summary>
        /// Create the template output
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string TransformText()
        {
            this.Write("using Salesforce.Common;\r\n");

            #line 8 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"

    if (generatedService.AuthenticationStrategy == AuthenticationStrategy.WebServerFlow)
    {

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write("using Salesforce.Common.Models;\r\n");

            #line 13 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"

    }

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write("using Salesforce.Force;\r\nusing System;\r\nusing System.Collections.Generic;\r\nusing " +
                    "System.Configuration;\r\nusing System.Globalization;\r\nusing System.Linq;\r\nusing Sy" +
                    "stem.Text;\r\nusing System.Threading.Tasks;\r\n");

            #line 24 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"

    if (generatedService.AuthenticationStrategy == AuthenticationStrategy.WebServerFlow)
    {

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write("using System.Web;\r\n");

            #line 29 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"

    }

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write("\r\nnamespace ");

            #line 33 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"
            this.Write(this.ToStringHelper.ToStringWithCulture(generatedService.ServiceNamespace));

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write("\r\n{\r\n    /// <summary>\r\n    /// Provides methods to interact with a Salesforce se" +
                    "rvice.\r\n    /// </summary>\r\n    public static class SalesforceService\r\n    {\r\n");

            #line 40 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"

    if (generatedService.AuthenticationStrategy == AuthenticationStrategy.UserNamePassword)
    {

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write(@"        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a ForceClient that has been authenticated using the UserName, Password, and SecurityToken settings
        /// specified in the config file.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The authenticated ForceClient.</returns>
        public static async Task<ForceClient> GetUserNamePasswordForceClientAsync()
        {
#error Update the config file with the connected app's UserName, Password and SecurityToken. For more information, see the Next Steps section of the Getting Started documentation.

            using (AuthenticationClient authenticationClient = new AuthenticationClient())
            {
                await authenticationClient.UsernamePasswordAsync(
                    SalesforceService.GetAppSetting(""");

            #line 56 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"
            this.Write(this.ToStringHelper.ToStringWithCulture(generatedService.ConfigurationKeyNames.ConsumerKey));

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write("\"),\r\n                    SalesforceService.GetAppSetting(\"");

            #line 57 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"
            this.Write(this.ToStringHelper.ToStringWithCulture(generatedService.ConfigurationKeyNames.ConsumerSecret));

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write("\"),\r\n                    SalesforceService.GetAppSetting(\"");

            #line 58 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"
            this.Write(this.ToStringHelper.ToStringWithCulture(generatedService.ConfigurationKeyNames.UserName));

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write("\"),\r\n                    SalesforceService.GetAppSetting(\"");

            #line 59 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"
            this.Write(this.ToStringHelper.ToStringWithCulture(generatedService.ConfigurationKeyNames.Password));

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write("\") + SalesforceService.GetAppSetting(\"");

            #line 59 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"
            this.Write(this.ToStringHelper.ToStringWithCulture(generatedService.ConfigurationKeyNames.SecurityToken));

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write("\", true),\r\n                    SalesforceService.GetAppSetting(\"");

            #line 60 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"
            this.Write(this.ToStringHelper.ToStringWithCulture(generatedService.ConfigurationKeyNames.Domain));

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write(@""") + ""/services/oauth2/token"");

                return new ForceClient(
                    authenticationClient.InstanceUrl,
                    authenticationClient.AccessToken,
                    authenticationClient.ApiVersion);
            }
        }

");

            #line 69 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"

    }
    else if (generatedService.AuthenticationStrategy == AuthenticationStrategy.WebServerFlow)
    {

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write("        private static string TokenCacheKey = \"SalesforceToken\";\r\n\r\n        /// <" +
                    "summary>\r\n        /// Makes a request to the Salesforce client, wrapping the spe" +
                    "cified logic with the code necessary to handle authentication.\r\n        /// </su" +
                    "mmary>\r\n        /// <typeparam name=\"T\">The type of value returned from the requ" +
                    "est.</typeparam>\r\n        /// <param name=\"request\">The request to make on the S" +
                    "alesforce client.</param>\r\n        /// <exception cref=\"InvalidOperationExceptio" +
                    "n\">The current user is not authenticated.</exception>\r\n        /// <returns>The " +
                    "value returned by the request.</returns>\r\n        public static async Task<T> Ma" +
                    "keAuthenticatedClientRequestAsync<T>(Func<ForceClient, Task<T>> request)\r\n      " +
                    "  {\r\n            bool done = false;\r\n            bool refreshedToken = false;\r\n " +
                    "           T result = default(T);\r\n\r\n            do\r\n            {\r\n            " +
                    "    // 1. Get the token from the cache\r\n                SalesforceToken salesfor" +
                    "ceToken = HttpContext.Current.Session[SalesforceService.TokenCacheKey] as Salesf" +
                    "orceToken;\r\n\r\n                // 2. If no token is available, redirect to author" +
                    "ize\r\n                if (salesforceToken == null)\r\n                {\r\n          " +
                    "          // This exception message should be used to trigger the sign-in UI\r\n  " +
                    "                  throw new InvalidOperationException(\"AuthorizationRequired\");\r" +
                    "\n                }\r\n\r\n                // Initialize the ForceClient\r\n           " +
                    "     ForceClient forceClient = salesforceToken.GetForceClient();\r\n\r\n            " +
                    "    try\r\n                {\r\n                    // 3. Invoke the request with th" +
                    "e acquired token\r\n                    result = await request(forceClient);\r\n    " +
                    "                done = true;\r\n                }\r\n                catch (ForceExc" +
                    "eption e)\r\n                {\r\n                    // If message is \"Session expi" +
                    "red or invalid\", the access token is invalid, so eat the\r\n                    //" +
                    " exception and fall through to try to update it using the refresh token.\r\n      " +
                    "              if (e.Message != \"Session expired or invalid\")\r\n                  " +
                    "  {\r\n                        throw;\r\n                    }\r\n\r\n                  " +
                    "  if (refreshedToken)\r\n                    {\r\n                        // The acc" +
                    "ess token is invalid and was already refreshed once, give up and\r\n              " +
                    "          // re-throw the exception.\r\n                        throw;\r\n          " +
                    "          }\r\n                }\r\n\r\n                // 4. If the token is invalid," +
                    " attempt to acquire a new access token from the refresh token\r\n                i" +
                    "f (!done)\r\n                {\r\n                    await SalesforceService.Acquir" +
                    "eAccessTokenFromRefreshTokenAsync(salesforceToken);\r\n                    refresh" +
                    "edToken = true;\r\n                }\r\n\r\n            } while (!done);\r\n\r\n          " +
                    "  return result;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        /// <summary>\r\n        /// Gets a Salesfo" +
                    "rce token from an authorization code and adds it to the cache.\r\n        /// </su" +
                    "mmary>\r\n        /// <param name=\"authorizationCode\">The code that was returned t" +
                    "o the OAuth callback.</param>\r\n        /// <param name=\"redirectUri\">The redirec" +
                    "t URI that was used to acquire the code.</param>\r\n        /// <returns>The async" +
                    "hronous task.</returns>\r\n        public static async Task AcquireTokenByAuthoriz" +
                    "ationCodeAsync(string authorizationCode, string redirectUri)\r\n        {\r\n       " +
                    "     using (AuthenticationClient authenticationClient = new AuthenticationClient" +
                    "())\r\n            {\r\n                await authenticationClient.WebServerAsync(\r\n" +
                    "                    SalesforceService.GetAppSetting(\"");

            #line 150 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"
            this.Write(this.ToStringHelper.ToStringWithCulture(generatedService.ConfigurationKeyNames.ConsumerKey));

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write("\"),\r\n                    SalesforceService.GetAppSetting(\"");

            #line 151 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"
            this.Write(this.ToStringHelper.ToStringWithCulture(generatedService.ConfigurationKeyNames.ConsumerSecret));

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write("\"),\r\n                    redirectUri,\r\n                    authorizationCode,\r\n  " +
                    "                  SalesforceService.GetAppSetting(\"");

            #line 154 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"
            this.Write(this.ToStringHelper.ToStringWithCulture(generatedService.ConfigurationKeyNames.Domain));

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write(@""") + ""/services/oauth2/token"");

                SalesforceToken salesforceToken = new SalesforceToken(authenticationClient);

                // Add the new token to the cache
                HttpContext.Current.Session[SalesforceService.TokenCacheKey] = salesforceToken;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a Salesforce token based on the refresh token and adds it to the cache.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name=""salesforceToken"">The Salesforce token that contains the refresh token to use.</param>
        /// <returns>The asynchronous task.</returns>
        private static async Task AcquireAccessTokenFromRefreshTokenAsync(SalesforceToken salesforceToken)
        {
            // Remove the old token from the cache
            HttpContext.Current.Session[SalesforceService.TokenCacheKey] = null;

            try
            {
                using (AuthenticationClient authenticationClient = salesforceToken.GetAuthenticationClient())
                {
                    // Attempt to refresh the token
                    await authenticationClient.TokenRefreshAsync(
                        SalesforceService.GetAppSetting(""");

            #line 179 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"
            this.Write(this.ToStringHelper.ToStringWithCulture(generatedService.ConfigurationKeyNames.ConsumerKey));

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write("\"),\r\n                        salesforceToken.RefreshToken,\r\n                     " +
                    "   string.Empty,\r\n                        SalesforceService.GetAppSetting(\"");

            #line 182 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"
            this.Write(this.ToStringHelper.ToStringWithCulture(generatedService.ConfigurationKeyNames.Domain));

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write(@""") + ""/services/oauth2/token"");

                    salesforceToken = new SalesforceToken(authenticationClient);

                    // Add the new token to the cache
                    HttpContext.Current.Session[SalesforceService.TokenCacheKey] = salesforceToken;
                }
            }
            catch (ForceException e)
            {
                // InvalidGrant means that the refresh token is invalid.
                // Just return in that case, so re-authorization can occur.
                if (e.Error != Error.InvalidGrant)
                {
                    throw;
                }
            }
        }

");

            #line 201 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"

    }

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write(@"        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the value of the AppSetting with the specified name from the config file.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name=""name"">The name of the AppSetting to retrieve.</param>
        /// <param name=""isOptional"">A Boolean value indicating whether or not the AppSetting is considered optional.</param>
        /// <exception cref=""InvalidOperationException"">If isOptional is set to false and the AppSetting is not found.</exception>
        /// <returns>
        /// The value of the AppSetting if found.  If isOptional is set to true and the AppSetting is not found, null is returned.
        /// </returns>
        internal static string GetAppSetting(string name, bool isOptional = false)
        {
            string setting = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[name];
            if (!isOptional && (String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(setting) || string.Equals(setting, ""RequiredValue"", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(
                    String.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, ""The value for the '{0}' key is missing from the appSettings section of the config file."", name));
            }
            else if (isOptional && (String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(setting) || string.Equals(setting, ""OptionalValue"", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
            {
                setting = null;
            }

            return setting;
        }
");

            #line 228 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"

    if (generatedService.AuthenticationStrategy == AuthenticationStrategy.WebServerFlow)
    {

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write("\r\n        /// <summary>\r\n        /// Represents a Salesforce authentication token" +
                    ".\r\n        /// </summary>\r\n        private class SalesforceToken\r\n        {\r\n   " +
                    "         /// <summary>\r\n            /// Gets or sets the access token that can b" +
                    "e used to make authenticated Salesforce service requests.\r\n            /// </sum" +
                    "mary>\r\n            public string AccessToken { get; set; }\r\n\r\n            /// <s" +
                    "ummary>\r\n            /// Gets or sets the refresh token that can be used to obta" +
                    "in a new access token.\r\n            /// </summary>\r\n            public string Re" +
                    "freshToken { get; set; }\r\n\r\n            /// <summary>\r\n            /// Gets or s" +
                    "ets the Salesforce Service Url that was used to obtain this token.\r\n            " +
                    "/// </summary>\r\n            public string InstanceUrl { get; set; }\r\n\r\n         " +
                    "   /// <summary>\r\n            /// Gets or sets the Salesforce API version that t" +
                    "his token is valid for.\r\n            /// </summary>\r\n            public string A" +
                    "piVersion { get; set; }\r\n\r\n            /// <summary>\r\n            /// Initialize" +
                    "s a Salesforce token using an existing AuthenticationClient.\r\n            /// </" +
                    "summary>\r\n            /// <param name=\"authenticationClient\">The AuthenticationC" +
                    "lient from which to initialize the token.</param>\r\n            /// <exception cr" +
                    "ef=\"ArgumentNullException\">authenticationClient is null.</exception>\r\n          " +
                    "  public SalesforceToken(AuthenticationClient authenticationClient)\r\n           " +
                    " {\r\n                if (authenticationClient == null)\r\n                {\r\n      " +
                    "              throw new ArgumentNullException(\"authenticationClient\");\r\n        " +
                    "        }\r\n\r\n                this.AccessToken = authenticationClient.AccessToken" +
                    ";\r\n                this.RefreshToken = authenticationClient.RefreshToken;\r\n     " +
                    "           this.InstanceUrl = authenticationClient.InstanceUrl;\r\n               " +
                    " this.ApiVersion = authenticationClient.ApiVersion;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n          " +
                    "  /// <summary>\r\n            /// Get the AuthenticationClient from the Salesforc" +
                    "e token.\r\n            /// </summary>\r\n            /// <returns>The new Authentic" +
                    "ationClient.</returns>\r\n            public AuthenticationClient GetAuthenticatio" +
                    "nClient()\r\n            {\r\n                AuthenticationClient authenticationCli" +
                    "ent = new AuthenticationClient();\r\n                authenticationClient.AccessTo" +
                    "ken = this.AccessToken;\r\n                authenticationClient.RefreshToken = thi" +
                    "s.RefreshToken;\r\n                authenticationClient.InstanceUrl = this.Instanc" +
                    "eUrl;\r\n                authenticationClient.ApiVersion = this.ApiVersion;\r\n\r\n   " +
                    "             return authenticationClient;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            /// <sum" +
                    "mary>\r\n            /// Get a ForceClient based on the Salesforce token.\r\n       " +
                    "     /// </summary>\r\n            /// <returns>The new ForceClient.</returns>\r\n  " +
                    "          public ForceClient GetForceClient()\r\n            {\r\n                re" +
                    "turn new ForceClient(this.InstanceUrl, this.AccessToken, this.ApiVersion);\r\n    " +
                    "        }\r\n        }\r\n");

            #line 300 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"

    }

            #line default
            #line hidden
            this.Write("    }\r\n}");
            return this.GenerationEnvironment.ToString();
        }

        #line 1 "C:\Repos\visual-studio-tools5\src\Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services\ConnectedService\Templates\CSharp\SalesforceService.tt"

private global::Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services.ConnectedService.CodeModel.GeneratedService _generatedServiceField;

/// <summary>
/// Access the generatedService parameter of the template.
/// </summary>
private global::Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services.ConnectedService.CodeModel.GeneratedService generatedService
{
    get
    {
        return this._generatedServiceField;
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// Initialize the template
/// </summary>
public virtual void Initialize()
{
    if ((this.Errors.HasErrors == false))
    {
bool generatedServiceValueAcquired = false;
if (this.Session.ContainsKey("generatedService"))
{
    this._generatedServiceField = ((global::Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services.ConnectedService.CodeModel.GeneratedService)(this.Session["generatedService"]));
    generatedServiceValueAcquired = true;
}
if ((generatedServiceValueAcquired == false))
{
    object data = global::System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.CallContext.LogicalGetData("generatedService");
    if ((data != null))
    {
        this._generatedServiceField = ((global::Salesforce.VisualStudio.Services.ConnectedService.CodeModel.GeneratedService)(data));
    }
}

    }
}

        #line default
        #line hidden
    }

    #line default
    #line hidden
    #region Base class
    /// <summary>
    /// Base class for this transformation
    /// </summary>
    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating", "14.0.0.0")]
    public class SalesforceServiceBase
    {
        #region Fields
        private global::System.Text.StringBuilder generationEnvironmentField;
        private global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerErrorCollection errorsField;
        private global::System.Collections.Generic.List<int> indentLengthsField;
        private string currentIndentField = "";
        private bool endsWithNewline;
        private global::System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary<string, object> sessionField;
        #endregion
        #region Properties
        /// <summary>
        /// The string builder that generation-time code is using to assemble generated output
        /// </summary>
        protected System.Text.StringBuilder GenerationEnvironment
        {
            get
            {
                if ((this.generationEnvironmentField == null))
                {
                    this.generationEnvironmentField = new global::System.Text.StringBuilder();
                }
                return this.generationEnvironmentField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.generationEnvironmentField = value;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// The error collection for the generation process
        /// </summary>
        public System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerErrorCollection Errors
        {
            get
            {
                if ((this.errorsField == null))
                {
                    this.errorsField = new global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerErrorCollection();
                }
                return this.errorsField;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// A list of the lengths of each indent that was added with PushIndent
        /// </summary>
        private System.Collections.Generic.List<int> indentLengths
        {
            get
            {
                if ((this.indentLengthsField == null))
                {
                    this.indentLengthsField = new global::System.Collections.Generic.List<int>();
                }
                return this.indentLengthsField;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the current indent we use when adding lines to the output
        /// </summary>
        public string CurrentIndent
        {
            get
            {
                return this.currentIndentField;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Current transformation session
        /// </summary>
        public virtual global::System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary<string, object> Session
        {
            get
            {
                return this.sessionField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.sessionField = value;
            }
        }
        #endregion
        #region Transform-time helpers
        /// <summary>
        /// Write text directly into the generated output
        /// </summary>
        public void Write(string textToAppend)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(textToAppend))
            {
                return;
            }
            // If we're starting off, or if the previous text ended with a newline,
            // we have to append the current indent first.
            if (((this.GenerationEnvironment.Length == 0)
                        || this.endsWithNewline))
            {
                this.GenerationEnvironment.Append(this.currentIndentField);
                this.endsWithNewline = false;
            }
            // Check if the current text ends with a newline
            if (textToAppend.EndsWith(global::System.Environment.NewLine, global::System.StringComparison.CurrentCulture))
            {
                this.endsWithNewline = true;
            }
            // This is an optimization. If the current indent is "", then we don't have to do any
            // of the more complex stuff further down.
            if ((this.currentIndentField.Length == 0))
            {
                this.GenerationEnvironment.Append(textToAppend);
                return;
            }
            // Everywhere there is a newline in the text, add an indent after it
            textToAppend = textToAppend.Replace(global::System.Environment.NewLine, (global::System.Environment.NewLine + this.currentIndentField));
            // If the text ends with a newline, then we should strip off the indent added at the very end
            // because the appropriate indent will be added when the next time Write() is called
            if (this.endsWithNewline)
            {
                this.GenerationEnvironment.Append(textToAppend, 0, (textToAppend.Length - this.currentIndentField.Length));
            }
            else
            {
                this.GenerationEnvironment.Append(textToAppend);
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Write text directly into the generated output
        /// </summary>
        public void WriteLine(string textToAppend)
        {
            this.Write(textToAppend);
            this.GenerationEnvironment.AppendLine();
            this.endsWithNewline = true;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Write formatted text directly into the generated output
        /// </summary>
        public void Write(string format, params object[] args)
        {
            this.Write(string.Format(global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, format, args));
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Write formatted text directly into the generated output
        /// </summary>
        public void WriteLine(string format, params object[] args)
        {
            this.WriteLine(string.Format(global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, format, args));
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Raise an error
        /// </summary>
        public void Error(string message)
        {
            System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerError error = new global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerError();
            error.ErrorText = message;
            this.Errors.Add(error);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Raise a warning
        /// </summary>
        public void Warning(string message)
        {
            System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerError error = new global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerError();
            error.ErrorText = message;
            error.IsWarning = true;
            this.Errors.Add(error);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Increase the indent
        /// </summary>
        public void PushIndent(string indent)
        {
            if ((indent == null))
            {
                throw new global::System.ArgumentNullException("indent");
            }
            this.currentIndentField = (this.currentIndentField + indent);
            this.indentLengths.Add(indent.Length);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Remove the last indent that was added with PushIndent
        /// </summary>
        public string PopIndent()
        {
            string returnValue = "";
            if ((this.indentLengths.Count > 0))
            {
                int indentLength = this.indentLengths[(this.indentLengths.Count - 1)];
                this.indentLengths.RemoveAt((this.indentLengths.Count - 1));
                if ((indentLength > 0))
                {
                    returnValue = this.currentIndentField.Substring((this.currentIndentField.Length - indentLength));
                    this.currentIndentField = this.currentIndentField.Remove((this.currentIndentField.Length - indentLength));
                }
            }
            return returnValue;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Remove any indentation
        /// </summary>
        public void ClearIndent()
        {
            this.indentLengths.Clear();
            this.currentIndentField = "";
        }
        #endregion
        #region ToString Helpers
        /// <summary>
        /// Utility class to produce culture-oriented representation of an object as a string.
        /// </summary>
        public class ToStringInstanceHelper
        {
            private System.IFormatProvider formatProviderField  = global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
            /// <summary>
            /// Gets or sets format provider to be used by ToStringWithCulture method.
            /// </summary>
            public System.IFormatProvider FormatProvider
            {
                get
                {
                    return this.formatProviderField ;
                }
                set
                {
                    if ((value != null))
                    {
                        this.formatProviderField  = value;
                    }
                }
            }
            /// <summary>
            /// This is called from the compile/run appdomain to convert objects within an expression block to a string
            /// </summary>
            public string ToStringWithCulture(object objectToConvert)
            {
                if ((objectToConvert == null))
                {
                    throw new global::System.ArgumentNullException("objectToConvert");
                }
                System.Type t = objectToConvert.GetType();
                System.Reflection.MethodInfo method = t.GetMethod("ToString", new System.Type[] {
                            typeof(System.IFormatProvider)});
                if ((method == null))
                {
                    return objectToConvert.ToString();
                }
                else
                {
                    return ((string)(method.Invoke(objectToConvert, new object[] {
                                this.formatProviderField })));
                }
            }
        }
        private ToStringInstanceHelper toStringHelperField = new ToStringInstanceHelper();
        /// <summary>
        /// Helper to produce culture-oriented representation of an object as a string
        /// </summary>
        public ToStringInstanceHelper ToStringHelper
        {
            get
            {
                return this.toStringHelperField;
            }
        }
        #endregion
    }
    #endregion
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />
    <link rel="icon"
      type="image/png"
      href="/static/quizmasterfavicon.png">
    <title>Quiz Master</title>


text:
BriefEntrepreneurship
Golden Lessons For Startups From Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos!
By Divya Nayak
In light of the recent version released by Inc., we have two eminent tech visionaries who are both trying to change the world and it's standard. Two communiqués were published last week – one by Elon Musk, the CEO of TESLA, the electric-automobile manufacturer and the other one by Jeff Bezos, the Founder and CEO of Amazon.
The Retail Pioneer
The man who has changed the way people buy products online, Jeff Bezos is no stranger to breaking new grounds. He recently published his annual letter to shareholders in which he has duly commended Amazon employees for the success through all these years and extended advice to strive harder.
The four elements of high standards as we see it: they are teachable, they are domain specific, you must recognize them, and you must explicitly coach realistic scope – JEFF BEZOS.
As per reports by Investopedia, Amazon's Revenue was just $147 million 1997, an 838% increase from 1996. In 2017, Amazon's revenue topped $177 billion. The company is one of the most valuable in the world in terms of market cap, and Bezos is the richest person on the planet.
As per his missive, the following deductions could be made :
The takeaway of learning how to maintain high standards comes smooth. It's contagious and once in, employees adapt quickly. It's being open to learning and constructive criticism.
High standards are domain specific, i.e., you have to build high standards for individual areas of interest. The take away is that we can learn to address our strength and weaknesses.
Recognition of High standards is necessary. We must recognize what looks good in which domain.
Bezos says you must also have realistic expectations for the scope of a task or project: how much effort it takes to achieve a great result.
According to Bezos, it's necessary to be skilled so as to perform a task in a team, but it doesn't have to be you. Identifying individual skills tend to provide better delegations i.e., you're aware of your strength and you can focus more on that.
The Social Entrepreneur
The best words that describe Elon Musk are probably "serial entrepreneur." Know why? Elon Musk's missive outlined his idea of productivity under the guise of "Productivity recommendations". However, it was a humble attempt to talk about the point of issues today in Technology and business sectors.
At Tesla, we lead from the front line, not from some safe and comfortable ivory tower. Managers must always put their team's safety above their own. – Elon Musk.
As this noted manufacturer gears up to enter a new phase of activity as it ramps up his production, Elon Musk's missive reveals some brilliant communication skills.
Blow Horns to genuine efforts:
Although Tesla has fallen woefully short in his production scale, Musk's constant encouragement didn't stop. He congratulated his employees for "accomplishing miracles" and said that's what "matters".
Clarify Goals; Subtly :
Inspire in a way that it triggers emotional level in the employees so that they strive hard. Doing so he encourages buy-in for his visions.
Accept Criticism – They tend to be constructive :
It's all about accepting and soliciting criticisms and feedback. This opens up space for self-analysis. The habit of self-reflection is critical in today's technological era wherein the upswing of innovations is prevalent.
Souvenirs Received
Both of these tech innovators are a far cry from their particular areas of interest, but the common link that can be established from both of them is – They're the most impeccable innovators of this era who possess high Emotional Intelligence. Revolutionizing age-old industries never comes easy. But these leaders set examples. Their goal was to cast a net that is incredibly broad in terms of promoting the opportunity and here they are. While Jeff Bezos idea planted in a Bellevue garage grew into one of today's most successful businesses, Elon Musk's fortitude & leadership skills are a testimonial to how you can face multiple failures and yet be a viable player in the business. They both end up at a common junction – They rule deep space and are undeniable, vanguards of the biz world.
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Reintegration Costs of Donbas: $22 Billion or More?
Artem Kochnev
Photo: depositphotos / palinchak
Following the plans of Volodimir Zelenskyy to reach a peace deal in Donbas, a new Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies paper estimates the reintegration costs of Donbas. We estimate that the lower bound on reconstruction cost would be $22 billion. Almost a half of this sum will be needed for reconstruction of physical capital, followed by expenses on human capital and environment.
Peace plans reloaded?
As Neta Crawford – Professor of Political Science at Boston University – has carefully noticed "a full accounting of any war's burdens cannot be put on columns of a ledger". Yet it does not mean that the attempts to do so are useless. Even if one might never calculate a proper compensation for a human loss, one can still figure out how much should be done to improve well-being of the living people: be it an elderly in the waiting queue to cross the line of contact or a schoolgirl hiding inside of a bomb shelter in the middle of a lesson.
The landslide victory by Volodymyr Zelensky in the last elections turned a new page in the government attempts to end the war in Donbas. Nonetheless, the factual basis for the reintegration plans remains vague. Lack of credible information on the economies of the occupied region creates uncertainty with respect to the magnitude of the reintegration costs. Although wiiw study is not unique in estimating the costs of war (see here and there), it stands out in three respects. First, the study is the first one to explicitly model the costs of war for both government-controlled territories and the certain areas of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions (CADLRs). Second, it documents the evolution of the macroeconomic and humanitarian issues for the CADLRs from the conflict onset until the end of 2019. Third, it evaluates the war in Donbas in light of other war-torn countries and highlights the fundamental problems – apart from those related to foreign intervention – that hinder the peace process.
The Costs at Glance
The report estimates the lower bound of reconstruction costs at USD 21.7 bn (figure 1). This is equivalent to one-third of Ukraine's state revenues in 2019 and is greater than the annual GDP of a small country like Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Figure 1. Estimated lower bound of reconstruction cost decomposed
Source: own calculations. For details see the Methodology box below.
The report underlines several channels through which the costs were propagated: direct damage, capital depreciation, environmental problems, and humanitarian issues.
Direct damage
Part of costs – albeit not the biggest one – arises due to direct damage caused by armed warfare. Both sides use a wide range of heavy arms such as self-propelled howitzers, tanks, and multiple rocket launchers. Since Donbas is a heavily urbanised region, most of civilians and fixed assets are highly exposed to collateral damage caused by this weaponry.
Apart from that, the conflict is characterized by an extensive use of landmines to reduce options for potential advancement of either side. As a result, Donbas is now the third-most landmine-contaminated region in the world behind Afghanistan and Iraq. Landmine clearance is a necessary prerequisite for the reconstruction to assure security of the population.
Capital depreciation and environment
After the break-up of the Soviet Union, the region inherited a large amount of fixed capital assets. This property allowed to reduce average costs of production and assured an upper hand on the production markets of mining and heavy industry. On the other hand, fixed assets require regular maintenance and reinvestment to assure continuity of the production process. The inability to raise revenues and continue business as usual led to investment cuts and depletion of fixed capital, which has been accumulating since 2014.
Because of that, many enterprises stopped maintaining the coal mines, most of which became unprofitable. This has raised risks of geological instability of the terrain and environmental pollution through the contact of surface waters with mine waters contaminated by heavy metals. To avoid an environmental disaster, the coal mines should be properly liquidated adding another item to the cost budget.
Humanitarian issues
The economy of Donbas operates in the midst of a humanitarian crisis. Armed warfare, restrictions on the freedom of movement, and limited access to social services had a massive footprint on the local population. 30 thousand people were injured, 1.4 million became displaced and 3.4 million experience lack of basic goods such as housing, security, psychological support, and food. To recover the region, the restoration programme should address these needs and assist displaced persons in returning back home.
The conflict has reached a stage when armed skirmishes themselves are not the largest contributors to the economic setback of the region. 42% of the total costs are composed of uncovered depreciation of fixed assets and liquidation of coal mines. This result suggests that these costs do not arise due to direct damage. They can be directly attributed to the disruption of business continuity processes and degradation of state capacity. In other words, unloading bullets from the magazines will not suffice to reboot the economy of Donbas – the government needs to develop a full-scale program to restore the basic economic institutions: markets and state capacity. The proposed plan outlines four critical targets.
Demine territories and eliminate environmental threats
Lack of security is the primary reason for internal displacement. A credible ceasefire and disarmament ensure there is no warfare, but do not address the side-effects that continue to threaten the everyday security of the population: landmines and environmental issues. Eliminating both threats at the initial stage of restoration is crucial to avoid health damage after the mass reallocation of the displaced people.
Rebuild infrastructure and reallocate the displaced population
To get the economy of the Donbas back up and running, the reconstruction should restore markets and attract population. This stage would need to address three targets. First, rebuild critical infrastructure in urban areas to overcome the humanitarian crisis. Second, lay foundation for long-term investment by formulating a clear legal framework, which would define rules of property rights transition from the CADLRs' 'legal systems' to the Ukrainian one. Third, the economy of Donbas will also not revive without a qualified labour force, which could be brought back by cash assistance programmes contingent on long-term residence in the region. These would help to overcome the initial challenges caused by poor infrastructure, weak labour markets and an insecure environment for the first settlers.
Promote long-term sustainable economic growth and set the stage for investment in the region
Although improvements in the investment climate are linked to the progress in the Ukrainian reform process, the fragile post-war environment might scare investors off investing specifically in the Donbas region. This perception will, in turn, result in low growth, discontent and greater fragility, which will drive away more investors. To avoid the vicious circle, the state should consider providing preferential investment conditions for the Donbas region at an early stage of the post-war reconstruction. The design of the preferential conditions should incorporate mechanisms that reduce the room for opportunistic behaviour and moral hazard. The preferential schemes should be accessible and applicable to both big corporate entities and SMEs to avoid excessive concentration of assets as it was before the war.
Support post-war resilience
The reconstruction efforts do not end once the pre-war GDP levels are reached. Post-war security is fragile, and only a broad legitimation of the government in power can ensure that the local population does not follow a call to rebellion regardless where it comes from: be it internal or induced from the outside. This is why the long-term resilience requires inclusive institutions: mechanisms of collective decision-making that guarantee political participation, minority rights and public goods provision. The state should support administrative capacity and political engagement of the CADLRs in the long term to avoid dissatisfaction and ensure fair representation of local interests at the state level.
It might be tempting to use the results of this report to reinforce the dominant antagonistic narratives across the conflict sides. The message of the report, however, is different. The core part of the report raises awareness about the humanitarian issues and what approximate scale of efforts is required to bring the local economy back on track. Those who oppose the negotiation process should be aware that those humanitarian issues are the opportunity costs of peace, which Donbas citizens carry on their shoulders every day.
The other part, which so far was frequently overlooked by the observers, highlights the fundamental problems of the conflict resolution. It's important to realize that the peace will not appear overnight once the Russian elites stop backing-up the breakaway "republics". Despite its unique roots, the war in Donbas still shares the same fundamental issue common for designing the peace arrangements: a commitment problem. The inability to credibly assure that the negotiation sides will stick to the agreements is a key problem in most conflict settings, because as long as any of the side lays down arms, there is no guarantee that the other one will not try to take advantage of it undermining the idea of conflict resolution in the first place. That's why the binding guarantees put on the state and ex-combatants at the highest possible legal level – complemented by external monitoring – are critical in the peace negotiation process.
There is no guarantee that achieving the program targets will lead to a lasting peace. Experience of the war-torn countries shows that slips and tensions are likely to recurrently arise during the conflict resolution. Yet one can increase the chances of a positive outcome if the government provides credible evidence for the local population of a long-term commitment to pursuing inclusive policies. There are several ways to reinforce this feeling but a prosperous state with a solid economy would be the best proof of concept. For that, Ukraine should target the long-standing problems: overcome vested interests and continue the reform path.
Methodology of the estimations
Fixed capital losses
The report evaluates fixed capital losses indirectly, by combining recent survey evidence on household damage with data on battle intensity. The estimation process consists of four major steps. First, the authors calculated the share of housing value lost due to hostilities for a subset of the government-controlled areas based on randomized stratified surveys by REACH (2019) and evaluation of the housing repairment costs by UNHCR Shelter Cluster (2016). In step two, the report estimates the linear relationship between the district-level battle intensity based on Zhukov et.al (2019) and the share of housing damage (as percent of the original value) for the sample of available districts. Assuming that the share of housing lost is representative for the fixed capital, the report uses the estimated coefficients to predict the share of capital lost for all districts of Donbas – both government and separatist controlled. Finally, the report multiplies the shares of capital lost by the district-level estimates of the pre-war capital stock.
In addition to the direct capital damage caused by fighting, the report assesses the amount of capital depreciation. The report assumes that the volume of capital investment in separatist-controlled areas is negligible and the value of fixed assets depreciates at a full rate, where the rate is calculated from pre-war of capital depreciation reported for Ukraine in the Penn World Tables 9.1.
The human capital calculations first evaluate yearly expenditures for each cost type (social support or mental health. The yearly costs are calculated based on different sources. To estimate the social support volumes, the reports uses the volume of annual expenditures of the Ukrainian budget on the support of veterans and IDP: USD 164 million. For the mental health costs, the report multiplies the size of the conflict-affected population (5'200'000) with the share of persons with symptoms of psychological disorders (42%) and average treatment costs (USD 54) reported in Roberts et.al (2017). The annual mental health expenditures are thus equal to USD 118 million. The reported values are then projected over the lifetime of the median Ukrainian citizen based on data from PopulationPyramid.com (2019).
The study attributed two types of costs to the environmental ones: the costs for the landmine clearance and the coal mine closure. For the landmine clearance, the authors used estimations by the Ukrainian Ministry of Defence estimated at EUR 650 mn. The liquidation costs of coal mines are based on estimations attributed to the draft report by the Ministry of Energy of Russia on the state of the energy sector of the CADLRs (Informnapalm.org, 2016). In 2016, the ministry assessed the number of unprofitable mines at 120 units, with a liquidation cost of closure of USD 24.5 million per mine using the simplest available technology. Scaling the costs for each mine yields a total cost of mine closure of USD 2.9 billion.
What was left out
The provided estimates for CADLRs rely largely on projections of the costs inferred for the government-controlled territories. Most likely, this approach underestimates the cost components. In particular, the report does not account separately for capital losses for those enterprises, which were fully or partially scrapped or relocated from Donbas to Russia as noted by some observers (1, 2). Additionally, given the limited access to state services and isolated nature of the economies, the share of population requiring social and medical support – including mental diseases – is likely to be greater in CADLRs. The report also leaves out some war-related externalities, such as the spread of diseases due to disruption of the standard sanitation and vaccination activities, expected risks of the technological disasters, and environmental damage caused by munition fragments in the ground, forest fires, and pollution of local water basins.
It is worth noting that the depth and detail of the underlying sources were not equal across the components investigated. As a consequence, the reliability of the estimations is uneven. The fact that the physical capital costs dominate in the overall cost structure partly reflects the degree of ignorance about the other dimensions. For instance, the assessment of human capital costs does not embed the effects of outbreaks of disease caused by disrupted prevention and treatment of otherwise contained infectious illnesses: measles, tuberculosis and HIV.
Informnapalm.org (2016), 'Status of the coal mining industry of the occupied territories' (in Russian).
Havlik, P., Kochnev, A., and Pindyuk, O. (2020), 'Economic challenges and costs of reintegration of the Donbas region in Ukraine'. wiiw Research Report, N. 447, June.
UNHCR Shelter Cluster Ukraine (2016), 'Cluster guidelines: Structural repairs and reconstruction', Technical Report, UNHCR
UNEUWB (2015a), Ukraine: Recovery and peacebuilding assessment: Analysis of crisis impacts and needs in Eastern Ukraine, Vol. I, Synthesis Report.
UNEUWB (2015b), Ukraine: Recovery and peacebuilding assessment: Analysis of crisis impacts and needs in Eastern Ukraine, Vol. II, Full Component Reports.
REACH (2019), 'Ukraine 2019 – multi sectoral needs assessment within 20km of Contact Line'.
Roberts, B., Makhashvili, N. and Javakhishvili, J. (2017), 'Hidden burdens of conflict: Issues of mental health and access to services among internally displaced persons in Ukraine', International Alert, GIP-Tbilisi, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Zhukov, Y.M., Davenport, C. and Kostyuk, N. (2019), 'Online Appendix xSub: A new portal for cross-national data on sub-national violence'.
Artem Kochnev, PhD in Economics
The author doesn`t work for, consult to, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have no relevant affiliations
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My overall health insurance coverage ought to cover me when I need to have it. Close loopholes that can leave me massive surprise healthcare bills. Nikon introduces the new D40 digital SLR camera that's created to offer you you the ability to get greater top quality, impressive looking photographs with the press of a button. Prior to I get into the Pros and Cons of DSLRs vs Point and Shoot digital cameras I want to address a frequent misconception that I routinely hear among digital camera owners – that a cameras megapixel rating is the major issue to consider when determining a camera's good quality. I read some product evaluations for cameras that are five to eight years old- these are the ones probably to be simple to uncover for sale now. Overall I genuinely like the camera and would suggest it to any individual wanting to upgrade from the handheld on the go cameras like I had in the past. However, if you wish to make colour slides, your ideal bet will be to use a film camera instead.
Geek Out with the most current house theater speakers, house theater systems, av receivers and the latest tech news and greatest product evaluations on the web. Owners of digital SLR cameras can purchase lenses that match their photography style, given that a landscape photographer must not use the exact same lens as a wildlife photographer. Sony has been actually striving to develop in the SLR industry lately, and they've been innovating and offering some amazing cameras at an exceptional value point. Is house to some of the best consumer critiques on the internet on best gadgets ranging from the ideal gadgets to the top DSLR cameras, the ideal satellite tv networks and best ten product comparisons. If you have ever wondered why your holiday photos never look as good as those magnificent landscapes and flattering portraits observed in numerous glossy magazines, probabilities are you just have not identified the right camera.
I consider much more for the apprach film makes you create towards your photography it must be valued a lot a lot more than it is. The ratio of negative shots to wonderful shots goes down in your digital operate when you perform far more with film also because the learned cautious strategy you have been applying creeps steadily into digital operate as well.
I really like the K-30 as an outside camera because it really is been weather sealed, so you don't have to be concerned about a bit of moisture here and there. The auto-focus and exposure on this cheap digital SLR camera beneath $1000 is pretty unreal, and you can snap 4 frames per second at full resolution. Prime members now enjoy limitless video streaming, Cost-free One-Day and Two-Day Delivery on eligible products, 30-minute early access to deals and far more. For you, Nikon's D40 is an ultra-compact, lightweight, six.1-effective megapixel digital SLR camera with simplified new attributes, exceptional handling speed, and a redesigned, visually-intuitive menu program that brings digital SLR cameras to a entire new level of simplicity. I am a fan of Nikon cameras, so I will go for the Nikon D3300 if I were a newbie. And certainly a lot of photographers will choose to make prints utilizing each film and digital cameras.
This elevated light-gathering region indicates that these pixels will be much more sensitive to tiny amounts of light — resulting in much less image noise This means that an SLR camera can usually get away with a a lot greater ISO setting than a compact camera without appearing noisier. Of course, the D40 has no auto-concentrate motor and the Canon Rebel series does not have the in-body shake reduction, but on best of that, the Pentax has a nicer construct and a lot more logical button layout. Hi andypiper, I agree that you can get some wonderful final results and have a lot of fun with classic film cameras. Sadly the cost of the Canon T3i at Greatest Purchase was $550, and it was not a show model. Their DSLR cameras are inexpensive and make use of their proprietary translucent mirror technology, which enables a greater megapixel camera to snap photos and process them much faster.


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Posted in: The Reel World by Jeremy Butler on June 26th, 2015
The Reel World
The original Ted movie gave us the answer to what would happen if a beloved toy came to life. I know what you are thinking; Toy Story provided us with the same answer, except Ted went a step further and revealed what happens when the little boy and the beloved toy grow up. Ted was a hard-drinking and drug-taking movie that was beloved by many. When it came to that movie I was thoroughly satisfied, and I did not believe that it could be improved upon, so when I heard the announcement of the sequel, I had reservations. In my opinion, the sequel was clear money grab that was going to ruin all that the original accomplished. I told you that to tell you this: I stand corrected. As it turns out, there was more story to tell, and I am glad that I got to experience it.
The story picks up some years later, Ted is set to marry his girlfriend Tammy-Lynn (yes, it is the original girl from the first one, so it earns points for bringing back most of the original cast) while his best friend John (Mark Wahlberg) is recovering from his recent divorce from Laurie. Fast forward a year later. For Ted and Tammy-Lynn the honeymoon is over, and the day-to-day work of marriage has the two at each other's throats. Looking for a way to solve their marital problems, Ted decides the two need to have a child (yeah, because that solves everything). After hilarious hijinks involving finding a sperm donor, the two opt for adoption, only to discover that their application was denied because in the eyes of the law Ted is not a real person.
I give the film points for the plot. This is an intriguing and unique plot to explore, because it forces the audience to debate what makes a person human. Granted, yes, we are talking about a stuffed animal; however, it is still an interesting philosophical debate, is it not? What overall determines personhood? To continue with the story, Ted decides to fight for his rights to be considered a person instead of property. He hires Sam Jackson (Amanda Seyfried), a gorgeous yet green attorney to represent his case and possibly get his buddy John out of his funk. Now this part was one of the main reasons I was having reservation about the film. The changing of the love interest is a difficult thing to get over because we have already established a rapport with the original love interest, and no one wants to have to break someone else in. It's like when your friends meet your girlfriend and they start to like her and then you two break up and you meet someone else; now they have to go through the process of breaking in a new person when they already broke someone else in. However, in this case, I found Seyfried to be a welcome addition to the cast.
There were times while watching the film when she and Wahlberg were standing next to one another I thought that the two just don't look good visually, but at other times I had to admit there was definite chemistry between the two as well as with McFarlane. She fit in well, able to hold her own, especially during her opening argument in Ted's court case, her best moment of the film in my opinion (her singing scene is a close second). The addition of Seyfried is great; however, there was one character I was extremely happy to see come back: Giovanni Ribisi. That's right, Ribisi returns as creepy Donny, and he is hilarious.
I can't say that Ted 2 is better than the original; however, I will say that I believe it to be on par with the original. Both films include a slew of pop culture references in a way that only Seth McFarlane a can do; however, I will say that there is one pop culture reference featuring the theme music of a beloved franchise that could put this film slightly over the other, though that may have more to do with the context in which it is used. There are some areas where that were lacking or the film could have done without, one of which being the opening dance number. I just found it pointless: a clear allusion to McFarlane's famed animated franchise, but it serves no real purpose. Another flaw was that there isn't a real struggle in the film's climax like in the first one. There is a bit of one, but it is over relatively quickly in comparison. I will say that are a few more heartfelt moments in this one.
If you enjoyed the original, it is highly likely that you will enjoy its successor, as it keeps the core values that made the first one great and continues to push the boundaries of socially acceptable jokes. Though it may cross the line in some areas, it is important to remember that it is all in good fun. So just sit back and enjoy the experience.
Jeremy Butler
Jeremy Butler is a film school graduate of the International Academy of Design and Technology. He is been writing for Upcomingdiscs since 2012; however, movies have played a big part of his life for much longer. Favorite genres include horror, science fiction/fantasy, and comedy. Favorite movies are V for Vendetta, Boondocks Saints, Kiss Kiss Bang Bang, and The Godfather.
Pandas: The Journey Home (Blu-ray-3D)	A Little Chaos


Suffolk police have released an e-fit of a man they want to trace in connection with a number of distraction burglaries.
Homes in Lavenham, Wickham Skeith and Palgrave belonging to elderly people have been targeted by a man claiming to be a police officer.
Always ask for identification from any unexpected callers and do not to let anyone in if you are not comfortable with whom they are and verify their identity with the company they work for.
Always use the chain and viewer on your door to see who is calling. Only open the door if you feel comfortable and always keep the chain on.
If you have a back gate ensure that it is locked with a padlock. A slide bolt is not sufficient on its own.
Ensure that your doors are kept locked when you are in the house.
If you need carers or family to have access then consider fitting a key safe on the outside wall near to the front door.
If anyone calls claiming to be from the utility companies such as water, gas, electricity or the council do not let them in. Unless they can quote to you on the doorstep your personal account number which is found on your bills. If you are at all suspicious then phone the police immediately.
Please report anything suspicious as soon as possible to police on 101.


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