text:
My Best of 2010, Part Three
January 25, 2011 Books, Horror, Speculative FictionChina Mieville, Fantasy, Horror, N. K. Jemisin, Weird FictionWesley
N. K. Jemisin, The Hundred Thousand Kingdoms and The Broken Kingdoms
When I review books I tend to write about theme a lot. (I hope I'm less simpleminded and reductive about it than your average high school English teacher.) N. K. Jemisin's books have plenty of interpretive possibilities–among others, there are ideas here about power, and how it interacts with religion, and how cultures use their gods even as they think of themselves as following or living under those gods–but I must confess that when I read these what I most appreciated was their narrative drive.
I read these books at times when I was frustrated with stories padded with meaningless action, narrative cul-de-sacs, and excess exposition. (Too many recent books, and way too many movies, seem to think that unless they overemphasize and overexplain everything their audiences won't Get It.) Attention spans are shrinking, but so many novels and films feel weirdly long, harder to sit through than many genuinely longer older works. So it's a relief to come across novels like The Hundred Thousand Kingdoms and The Broken Kingdoms which earn their length. These books plunge straight into their plots, deliver worldbuilding and backstory as they go, and waste no time.
These are both "outsider caught in a world of complicated schemes and political maneuvers" books, and both sidestep one of the usual problems with this plot type: it often discourages active protagonists. It's easy for this kind of book to resemble a stereotypical mediocre hard-boiled detective story whose narrator bounces from thug to thug, gets exposited at, and ends every scene by falling unconscious from a blow to the head. I was glad these books– The Broken Kingdoms in particular–starred narrators who had goals and were constantly making plans.
I also loved that these were two more entries in an my favorite fantasy-genre trend: series whose individual volumes are complete novels, not chunks of a 3000-page epic narrative. (In my cynical moods I suspect the epic-writers have no faith that their audience will come back unless they're left hanging. In my case, they're the ones I'm most likely to drop, partly because by the time I've picked up volume two I've usually forgotten the plot of volume one.)
Caitlin R. Kiernan, The Red Tree
I started writing a couple of paragraphs about this, then realized the paragraphs were threatening to turn into a short essay, as much about the horror genre as about this book. I hope to finish that essay and post it; in the meantime, I'll just say I liked the book.
Sigizmund Krzhizhanovsky, Memories of the Future
I wrote about this around the time I read it.
Alberto Manguel, The Library at Night
This is another book I've already written about.
China Miéville, Kraken
As with The Hundred Thousand Kingdoms , I liked Kraken for the force of its story. It's probably not China Miéville's best novel, but he seems to have had fun writing it. The prose reads like it's running, like it's tripping over itself to get the ideas out–and there are a lot of ideas here: the book starts with the impossible theft of a giant squid and from there sprawls out in all directions. The pages ooze enthusiasm and some of that enthusiasm transferred to me at a moment when I was having a hard time feeling enthusiastic about anything at all.
Kraken is Miéville's stab at the "hidden magical subculture existing in the margins of a modern city" genre. (I'm trying hard not to call it "urban fantasy," because these days that term means at least two different things.) What distinguishes Kraken , besides Miéville's abundant imagination, is its attitude towards magic. Sometimes these "the real world, but with magic!" stories set up a magic-vs.-science rivalry, in which "science" (or "technology") is a mysterious force opposed to magic. Which annoys me. First, because it misrepresents what science actually is–it's a process, not a hegemonic culture, philosophy of life, or force of nature. Second, because these stories always push us to root for magic–which is, wow, so creative and dreamy–and against science, which is cramped and closed-minded and inhuman, apparently. Anyone whose sense of wonder has ever been tripped by witty, enthusiastic science writing knows this is not an honest argument. Fantasy isn't real, but it's about reality, and when a story touches something real and isn't honest about it, in a poetic or metaphorical sense, it grates.
So it's wonderful that Kraken doesn't prescribe any particular attitude towards magic. Maybe you're awestruck, but it's just as okay to think, as Kraken 's protagonist Billy does while pondering the Law of Sympathy, it's "trite" that "a thing has power, moronically enough, because it's a bit like something else." Billy works in a natural history museum. He's a tour guide, not a scientist, but he sees the world with a scientist's eyes. Kraken ,unusually for an urban fantasy, suggests that the rational, curious, investigative approach of a scientist might be as valid a way to understand a fantasy universe as it is to understand the real world.
← My Best of 2010, Part Two	Brains in Vats →


The New Directions group of companies places our employees at the centre of our operation. By engaging staff in our day-to-day operations, and as part of our long-term business strategy, we aim to ensure our future is informed and created by those that matter most.
Investors in People (IIP) – a drive by our business to achieve IIP status and to be recognised as an employer of choice.
ISO – an application by our New Directions Holdings team to achieve ISO9001 Quality Management and ISO14001 Environmental Management benchmarks.
Values – What we stand for… – a set of company values that were developed and created by a staff engagement project. Five core values by which we conduct our business.
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If you would like to discuss working for our team, why not apply now to take your next direction.


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the Biggar Agenda | three lessons for other places
By Nick Wright on 22 May 2012 in all posts, community engagement, culture change, planning, projects
Working with Kevin Murray Associates, WMUD, Hamilton-Baillie Associates and VivID Ideas & Solutions, we've recently completed The Biggar Agenda: a community strategy for the next ten years. This is the third in a series of town strategies that we have prepared for the award-winning South Lanarkshire Rural Partnership's Market Towns Initiative, the earlier towns being Lanark and Strathaven.
In each town, our aim has been to produce a plan for the future which isn't just about land use and buildings (important though they are) but all the other things that successful places need – business and jobs, and active and vibrant communities. So we used a strongly collaborative approach, working with local businesses, community groups and residents of all ages to ensure that we fulfil local aspirations, and respond to local issues.
Our approach wasn't just about holding workshops, but having meaningful conversations with people about the future of their place. For me, the Biggar Agenda was the most rewarding of the three studies, simply because those conversations were the most wide-ranging.
What did I learn from this series of three town studies?
Engagement isn't just about communities, it's about professionals and the public sector too. Professionals like to say how difficult it is to engage communities – but the reality is that the public sector's plethora of competing organisations, budgets, departments and staff responsibilities is just as challenging to engage with. That's why the Scottish Government's recently reinvigorated Culture Change in planning agenda is so important.
Delivery is just as important as content. This doesn't just mean finishing each report with a chapter about implementation. It's about getting everyone thinking about how to realise the Agenda right from the start, making sure that momentum and energy build as the work progresses, and leaving everyone with clear structures and responsibilities on how they can work together to take things forward. We wanted the Biggar Agenda to be something which local people themselves want to take forward. The signs are positive: at the well attended launch workshop last night, several local people volunteered to join a steering group to take things forward.
The longer these pieces of work take, the better. It allows partners to build up trust, local context to be properly understood, and better solutions to emerge. That's not an excuse for laziness: it's a call for thoroughness. And it also means that the traditional ways of procuring these studies – typically to do them as quickly as possible in 2 or 3 months – are not always the best.
If you're interested in the future of Biggar – or if you live in a small rural town – have a look through the Agenda. Biggar's a wonderful place: I hope we have given it the strategy for the future that its people deserve.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Dawna, nieformalna nazwa Sudanu Francuskiego
Zachodnia część regionu geograficznego Sudan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It's the day after the election and I've been avoiding social media (with the exception of Snapchat) for about 5 days now. I like social media, don't get me wrong, but what I don't like is when people hide behind a keyboard spewing hatred. If there is one thing I preach over and over it is to be kind, ALWAYS. With the election going on, it feels like it's been this whirlwind of hatred from all sides and all different directions. It's like people have forgotten that in a democracy, there is going to be more than one opinion and that's the beauty in it! In the end, that's the beauty in humanity. We are all very different, very unique people. I mean, how boring would it be if we were all the same people with all of the same opinions. It would be awful.
In the end, I'm a God loving woman and for me, regardless of any of the things happening in our world, there's one thing I can take comfort in and rely on. So why don't we all spread love, positivity, and delicious cookie recipes!
With that said, I've been spending my free time developing new recipes for you guys. I spent the better part of a Saturday making soooooo many versions of cookie recipes in hopes of giving you guys the best of the best this holiday season. I'm here to tell you, this is the winner of the Oatmeal Raisin category! The texture, the sweetness, the oatmeal-to-raisin ratio, it's all spot on. My husband is a pretty big oatmeal raisin fan so he got to be a taste tester. For all the other cookies, my friend Emily is getting the extras. Let me tell you, I definitely dropped off about 6 zippies full of cookies the other weekend and she wasn't mad about it! Let's hope she keeps that mind set through the season because she's going to be getting a whole lot more!
With this recipe, your cookies will be nice and soft and remain chewy for several days. I also didn't include nuts in my recipe, only because my husband doesn't like nuts in his cookies or breads so I opted to leave them out. Feel free to add in pecans or walnuts to yours. I would use about 1/3 cup chopped if you decide to take that route.
In your stand mixer, add the butter and sugars. Cream together until it's light and fluffy.
Add in the vanilla and molasses, and mix for about 30 seconds.
Add in the eggs, mix on high for about 2 minutes.
In separate large bowl, mix together the flour, baking soda, cinnamon, and salt.
Add the flour mixture to the butter mixture and mix just until combined.
Add in the oatmeal and raisins, mixing between each to combine.
Remove mixing bowl and cover with plastic wrap.
After chilling, remove from refrigerator and allow dough to rest at room temperature for 10 minutes.
Preheat oven to 350° and line your baking sheet with a Silpat.
Scoop balls of dough with a standard cookie scoop and place about 1 1/2 inches apart on to your baking sheet.
Once you remove from the oven, allow the cookies to rest and cool on the baking sheet for 3 minutes before transferring to a wire rack to finish cooling.


Description Volume 207, September 7, 2010 - November 2, 2010. Cited as 207 N.C.App. The North Carolina Court of Appeals Reports are the official report of opinions of the North Carolina Court of Appeals. Includes cases and other information about the courts of North Carolina.
Digital Characteristics-A 3.34 MB; 836 p.


Hopup™ 10ft (4 quad x 3 quad) straight full height tension fabric display is a simple, versatile and easy to set up display. Hopup 4×3 Straight features a lightweight, durable aluminum frame and a Velcro-applied, straight fabric mural with or without endcaps. Simply attach the graphic, pop (expand) the frame and you have a perfect full height display – no tools are required for assembly! A rolling carry bag for storage and transport is included. Option available to purchase the frame only.


DBI Sala Capital Safety developed this Vest Style Harness specifially for the Wind Industry. ExoFit Wind Energy harnesses are built to last by integrating premium, specialized features into every model. The removable dorsal webbing and protective lumbar shell prevent common wear and tear associated with climbing and ascending wind turbines.
This DBI Exofit harness features built-in lanyard keepers, a front D-ring for climbing or controlled descent, side D-rings for positioning and a dorsal D-ring for fall arrest. For added durability, each D-ring is PVC coated so they won�t scratch nacelle surfaces.


Solvusoft is recognized by Microsoft as a leading Independent Software Vendor, achieving the highest level of completence and excellence in software development. March 25, Applies to: Change, add, or remove a drive letter http: Do one of the following: He is a lifelong computer geek and loves everything related to computers, software, and new technology. Method 3 If the device is been detected in the disk management check and assign drive letter for the device.
Sorry this didn't help. How is mew62e Gold Competency Level Mrw62e I've had to revert back to Vista mrw62e 7 which didn't seem to have a problem with it.
Essentially, when I plug the device into the USB port, the 'device detected' sound mrw62e played, mrw62e nothing appears in My Computer. Solvusoft's close relationship with Microsoft as a Gold Certified Partner enables us mrw62e provide best-in-class software solutions that are mrw62e for performance on Windows operating systems.
Mrw62e the above step fails then check if the device is been recognized in the device manager. March 25, Applies to: Unfortunately, four days ago my hard-drive failed completely, so I lost the configuration settings for the device.
To change, add, or remove a mrw62e letter. Change, mrw62e, or remove a drive letter http: Tell us about your experience with our mrw622e.
I have the same question 4. If the device is been detected in the disk management check and assign drive mrw62e for the device.
Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10 Mrw62s Microsoft Gold Certified Company Recognized for best-in-class capabilities as an ISV Independent Software Vendor Solvusoft is mrw62e by Microsoft mrw62e a leading Independent Software Mrw62e, achieving the highest level of completence and excellence in software development. Do one of the following: This site in other languages x.
Mwr62e are downloading trial software. Yes No Sorry this didn't help. I have a hazy recollection of mrw62e site having a photo of the technician mrw62e the side; it was a professional PC fix site.
OpticalBeam mrw62e on July 26, Method 3 If mrw62e device is been detected in the disk management check and assign drive letter for the device. Did this solve your problem? Other USB devices work fine – it really mrw62e just this.
Halima S replied on Mrw62e 27, As a Gold Certified Mrw62e Software Vendor ISVSolvusoft is able to provide the highest level of customer satisfaction through delivering top-level software mrw62e service solutions, which have been subject to a rigourous and continually-audited approval process by Microsoft. To change, add, or remove a drive letter 1.
Solvusoft mrw62e recognized by Microsoft as a leading Independent Software Vendor, achieving the highest level of completence and excellence in software development.
Furthermore, installing the wrong Mrw62e drivers can make these problems even worse. He is a lifelong computer geek and loves everything related to computers, software, and new technology. News Blog Facebook Twitter Newsletter. If none mrw62e the above steps work mrw62e connect the device to another computer and check it works.


text:
Q: AndroidX Fragment recyclerview appearing over my toolbar and I need the recyclerview to scroll under the toolbar I've created a AndroidX app using a main Activity with fragments.  When I go to my fragment with the recyclerview the recycler view appears over the toolbar for the app.  What I need is for the recyclerview to appear below the tool bar...
This is the main view with toolbar

This is the fragment with the recyclerview appearing over that toolbar :

Code for activity_mail.xml :
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout
            xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
            xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
            android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:fitsSystemWindows="true">
        <LinearLayout
                android:id="@+id/content_frame"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:orientation="vertical">

            <include
                    android:id="@+id/toolbar"
                    layout="@layout/toolbar"/>

            <FrameLayout
                    android:id="@+id/fragment"
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                    app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/bottom_nav_view"
                    app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@id/toolbar"
                    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@id/toolbar"
                    android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
                    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/toolbar"/>

        </LinearLayout>
    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
            xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
            android:id="@+id/container"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            tools:context=".MainActivity">

        <com.google.android.material.bottomnavigation.BottomNavigationView
                android:id="@+id/bottom_nav_view"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_marginEnd="0dp"
                app:itemBackground="@color/colorPrimaryDark"
                app:itemTextColor="@drawable/nav_item_text"
                app:itemIconTint="@drawable/nav_background"
                android:layout_marginStart="0dp"
                android:background="?android:attr/windowBackground"
                app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
                app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
                app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
                app:menu="@menu/bottom_nav_menu"/>

    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
        <com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
                android:id="@+id/nav_view"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:layout_gravity="end"
                android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
                android:background="#002B49"
                app:menu="@menu/drawer_view" />

    </androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout>

EDIT Here is the layout for toolbar.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
            xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
            xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
            xmlns:local="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
            android:id="@+id/products_toolbar"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            app:layout_scrollFlags="enterAlways"
            android:background="@null"
            android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"

            app:titleTextColor="@android:color/black"
            local:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light">

        <RelativeLayout
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent">
            <ImageView
                    android:id="@+id/toolbar_title"
                    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                    android:layout_height="match_parent"
                    android:src="@drawable/rsi_logo"
                    android:layout_alignParentStart="true"/>

            <ImageButton
                    android:id="@+id/toolbar_button"
                    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                    android:layout_height="match_parent"
                    android:src="@drawable/menu"
                    style="@style/Widget.AppCompat.Button.Borderless"
                    android:layout_alignParentEnd="true"
                    android:contentDescription="@string/menubutton"/>

        </RelativeLayout>
    </androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar>

As an added note this occurs on fragment's with scrollviews as well.

A: I tried to replicate your problem (created a repo), but I did not find the issue you specified.
Screenshot: Toolbar is shown

So I say that most probably the issue is with your view.RecyclerFragment code. It seems that you are hiding your the toolbar in your view.RecyclerFragment
It's better if you can share your view.RecyclerFragment code also.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


For the progressives who question why I said not to bother trying to reason with them, I rest my case.
This column is presented as a service for those progressive readers who are struggling with something I said in this space – namely, that I see no point in trying to reason with Trump voters.
I first wrote that over a month ago, and I am still hearing how "disappointed" they are at my refusal to reach out. So I thought it might be valuable to hear from the people I've failed to reach out to.
It's still an article of faith for many that the Trump phenomenon was borne out of fiscal insecurity, the primal scream of working people left behind by a changing economy.
But I don't think I've ever, not once, seen an email from a Trump supporter who explained himself in terms of the factory or the coal mine shutting down.
I have, however, heard from hundreds like "Matthew," who worries about "immigrants," and "Gerald," who thinks people of color have an "alliance" against him.
Look, I get it. That's a hard pill for those progressives who have kin or friends among Trump supporters. We love who we love, even when they – or we – are small, unkind or disappointing.
That's what family is about. We love who we love, and let no one make you feel compelled to apologize for that.
But at the same time, let us be clear-eyed and tough-minded in assessing what's happened to our country – and why. How else can we salvage it from the likes of "a Trumper" who says Trump was needed to "get things back in order" after the "terrible job" done by President Obama?


text:
Tag: jim marrs
American Zionist
No Comments on American Zionist
The video explores a Lecture given in the early 2000's about the political connections of previous presidents to secret societies, such as the Skull & Bones, The illuminate, The Occult…
In this lecture, official organizations such as the Council on Foreign Relations, The Tri lateral the Trilateral Commission were founded by David Rockefeller, and many other notable businessmen who fomented wars to gain control over minerals, oil, and business globally…
This lecture also attempts to show a shared connection to these elite international organizations, and secret societies are rooted in Occutism, and have had a hand in funding Adolf Hiltler's Nazi Germany, and Russian and Chinese Communism.
While this may be perceived as Conspiracy Theory, it is actually a well documented story outlined in Hollywood movies such as India Jones Raiders of the lost Arch & the Last crusade directed and written by George Lucas and Steven Spellberg… The movies plot outlines the Nazi obsession with Occultism, Judeo-Christian history and archeology in the Middle East, and Europe during world war 2, which includes Egyptology, the Knights Templar, and the Crusades.
Finally, the lecture ends with pointing out the Bush Families involvement in funding Nazi Germany during WW2, threw the Union Banking Corporation(UBC) who was founded by Senator Prescott Bush and his father in law George Herbert Walker(Grand Father, and Great grand Fathers to President George H W Bush, and President George W Bush), among other international Banks such as Deutsche Bank, and Chase Bank, who were prosecuted by the United States Government under the The Trading with the Enemy Act (TWEA) of 1917, and Executive Order No. 9095 in 1942 during world war 2 to """assume control and dispose of enemy-owned property in the United States and its possessions""" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Banking_Corporation
Also, this lecture points out George H W Bush & Kissinger founded the Carlyle Group, who have been taking control over the American Media to control and censor information.
In sum, this lecture was a very interesting look threw American History, Relgion and Secret Societies.
Backup videos on other platforms…
https://fb.watch/3bkPo0T1aY/
https://media.blubrry.com/lindsayfilm/p/media.lindsayfilm.com/videos/podcast/2020/American_Zionist/extra/American_Zionist.yt.22.mp4
Tags American, bush, clinton, globalism, jim marrs, politics, Zionist


text:
package org.vaadin.alump.fancylayouts;

/**
 * Animator interface. Not really yet very useful. Ignore :)
 */
public interface FancyAnimator {

    /**
     * Enable or disable given transition type. For applications it's usually
     * better idea to use components own style enabling functions.
     * @param trans Type of transition enabled or disabled
     * @param enabled true to enable or false to disable
     * @return State of transition after call. If transition can not be enabled
     * return value is always false. If it can not be disabled return value
     * is always true.
     */
    boolean setTransitionEnabled(FancyTransition trans, boolean enabled);

    /**
     * Check if given type of transition is enabled
     * @param trans Transition type to checked
     * @return true if enabled, false if disabled or not supported
     */
    boolean isTransitionEnabled(FancyTransition trans);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Polar Bear Monument at White Chapel Cemetery in Troy, Michigan is the work of sculptor Leon Hermant and was dedicated on May 30, 1930.
White Chapel's mission includes Honoring Veterans. Thus a special service is held on Memorial Day to honor the Polar Bears (see photo at left).
These men, officially designated the American North Russian Expeditionary Force and also known as "Detroit's Own" and "Polar Bears", were sent by President Wilson to North Russia where they fought the Bolshevik Red Army from September 1918 through June 1919.
Polar Bear Memorial Association members and the public are invited to attend the next Memorial Day Service honoring the "Polar Bears", on May 25, 2009 at 11:00 AM at the monument in White Chapel Cemetery. For details, and for more information on the monument, visit the association's Polar Bear Monument web page.


text:
Healthcare Industry News: CONSTELLA
Biopharmaceuticals Oncology
ONTAK(R) (denileukin diftitox) Achieves 49.1% Overall Response Rate in Phase III Trial of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL)
Preliminary Results of Largest Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial Ever Conducted in CTCL Presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology
CHICAGO, June 4 (HSMN NewsFeed) -- Preliminary results of the largest randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial ever conducted in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) showed that ONTAK was more than twice as effective as placebo in eliciting a clinical response in patients with CTCL. [Abstract number 8026] The primary endpoint of this study was to measure the total percentage of documented responders based on improvement in tumor burden in skin, blood and lymph nodes in each treatment arm, confirmed over three consecutive cycles. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, which is defined as the time from the first day of treatment to the first observation of tumor progression or death due to any cause up to 30 days after the last dose of study drug. The results were presented here today at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO).
ONTAK is indicated for the treatment of patients with persistent or recurrent cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) whose malignant cells express the CD25 component of the IL-2 receptor. The safety and efficacy of denileukin diftitox in patients with CTCL whose malignant cells do not express the CD25 component of the IL-2 receptor have not been examined. ONTAK was granted accelerated approval in February 1999.
CTCL is a rare disease in which certain cells of the lymph system known as T lymphocytes become cancerous and affect the skin. CTCL can progress to the lymph nodes, spleen, liver and other organs. About 10% of CTCL sufferers will experience progressive disease with lymph node and/or internal involvement with serious complications. There is no known cure for CTCL.
"The preliminary results of this study show that ONTAK achieved its primary endpoint, which was to prove superiority versus placebo in eliciting a clinical response in patients with CTCL," commented Miles Prince, MD, Chair of Cancer Services at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia, and a lead investigator of this trial. "This study also showed an extension in progression-free survival for these patients, a secondary trial endpoint."
In the trial, 144 patients with CTCL, whose malignant cells expressed the CD25 component of the IL-2 receptor, were randomized to receive either of two doses of ONTAK [9 mcg/kg/day (n=45) or 18 mcg g/kg/day (n=55)] or placebo (n=44) for up to eight cycles of therapy (median cycles for all patients = 6; range for all patients is 1-11). Per protocol, eligible patients had received three or less prior treatments and had stages Ia to III disease. Both ONTAK doses were superior to placebo in a dose-dependent fashion. The response rate was 37.8% (95% confidence interval: 23.8, 53.5) with the lower ONTAK dose (p=0.0297 vs. placebo), 49.1% (95% confidence interval: 35.4, 62.9) with the higher ONTAK dose (p=0.0015 vs. placebo) compared to 15.9% (95% confidence interval: 6.6, 30.1) with placebo. Whereas 11.1% of patients on the lower ONTAK dose and 9.1% of those on the higher ONTAK dose had either a complete response to treatment or clinical complete response, only 2.3% of patients receiving placebo experienced this benefit. The proportion of patients experiencing progressive disease were 26.7% for the lower ONTAK dose, 16.4% for the higher ONTAK dose and 52.3% for placebo. Both ONTAK doses were also better than placebo with regard to median time of progression-free survival: 794 days (95% confidence interval: 155.0, not estimable) for the lower ONTAK dose, greater than 971 days (median not reached) for the higher ONTAK dose, and 124 days (95% confidence interval: 92.0, 176.0) for placebo.
The most common adverse events in the ONTAK-treated patients included fever (56%), nausea (54%), fatigue (45%), rigors (45%), headache (27%), vomiting (25%), peripheral edema (23%), rash (22%), diarrhea (22%), myalgia (19%), cough (19%), asthenia (18%), pruritus (17%), back pain (17%), anorexia (15%), arthralgia (14%) and upper respiratory tract infection (13%).
The percentage of patients reporting serious adverse events (SAEs) was higher for ONTAK than for placebo. Drug-related SAEs in ONTAK-treated patients were capillary leak syndrome (4%), dehydration (4%), hypotension (3%), fever (3%), hypoalbuminemia (2%), skin disorder (2%), chest pain (2%), vascular fragility (2%), fatigue (2%), hypersensitivity (2%), myocardial ischemia (1%), urinary tract infection (1%), blood pressure decreased (1%), joint stiffness (1%), myalgia (1%), carpel tunnel syndrome (1%), loss of consciousness (1%), respiratory distress (1%), dermatitis exfoliative (1%), erythema (1%), and rash generalized (1%). The frequency of SAEs decreased after the first two cycles of treatment. The percentage of patients overall who discontinued the study due to an adverse event was higher in the ONTAK group (20.0%) compared with the placebo group (9.1%).
"We are pleased that research continues with ONTAK in the treatment of patients with CTCL," said Judy Jones, Executive Director of the Cutaneous Lymphoma Foundation. "This study reflects Eisai's ongoing commitment to satisfying unmet medical needs in oncology, particularly in CTCL, a form of cancer for which there is no cure."
About ONTAK® (denileukin diftitox)
ONTAK is a genetically engineered fusion toxin protein consisting of the amino acid sequences for the enzymatically-active portion of diphtheria toxin fused to the sequence of human interleukin-2, resulting in a molecule that is cytotoxic for cells bearing the target IL-2 receptor expressed on malignant cells.
ONTAK is indicated for the treatment of patients with persistent or recurrent cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) whose malignant cells express the CD25 component of the IL-2 receptor. The safety and efficacy of denileukin diftitox in patients with CTCL whose malignant cells do not express the CD25 component of the IL-2 receptor have not been examined.
WARNING: Only physicians experienced in the use of antineoplastic therapy and management of patients with cancer should use ONTAK (denileukin diftitox). Patients treated with denileukin diftitox must be managed in a facility equipped and staffed for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and where the patient can be closely monitored for an appropriate period based on his or her health status.
Acute Hypersensitivity-type Reactions:
-- Acute hypersensitivity reactions were reported in 98 of 143 patients (69%) during or within 24 hours of ONTAK infusion; approximately half of the events occurred on the first day of dosing regardless of the treatment cycle.
-- The CONSTELLAtion of symptoms included one or more of the following, defined as the incidence (%) in these 98 patients: hypotension (50%), back pain (30%), dyspnea (28%), vasodilation (28%), rash (25%), chest pain or tightness (24%), tachycardia (12%), dysphagia or laryngismus (5%), syncope (3%), allergic reaction (1%) or anaphylaxis (1%).
-- These events were severe in 2% of patients. Death during infusion has been reported.
Vascular Leak Syndrome:
-- This syndrome, characterized by 2 or more of the following 3 symptoms (hypotension, edema, hypoalbuminemia) was reported in 27% (38/143) of patients in the clinical studies.
-- Six percent (8/143) of patients were hospitalized for the management of these symptoms.
-- The onset of symptoms in patients with vascular leak syndrome was delayed, usually occurring within the first two weeks of infusion; symptoms may persist or worsen after the cessation of denileukin diftitox.
-- Cases of vascular (capillary) leak with a fatal outcome have been reported.
-- Special caution should be taken in patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease (See ADVERSE REACTIONS, Cardiovascular System).
Weight, edema, blood pressure and serum albumin levels should be carefully monitored on an outpatient basis. This syndrome is usually self-limited and treatment should be used only if clinically indicated. The type of treatment will depend on whether edema or hypotension is the primary clinical problem. Preexisting low serum albumin levels appear to predict and may predispose patients to the syndrome (see PRECAUTIONS, Laboratory Tests).
Visual Loss:
-- Loss of visual acuity, usually with loss of color vision, with or without retinal pigment mottling has been reported following administration of ONTAK. Recovery was reported in some of the affected patients; however, most patients reported persistent visual impairment.
The most commonly reported adverse events associated with the use of ONTAK therapy (n=143 patients) include hypoalbuminemia (83%), chills/fever (81%), asthenia (66%), nausea/vomiting (64%), transaminase increase (61%), infection (48%), pain (48%), edema (47%), hypotension (36%), anorexia (36%), and rash (34%).
Post Marketing
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of ONTAK. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relation to drug exposure.
Special Senses: See WARNINGS: Visual Loss
For detailed safety information and full prescribing information about ONTAK® (denileukin diftitox), please see attached prescribing information or visit www.eisai.com.
About Eisai Inc.
Eisai Inc. is a U.S. pharmaceutical subsidiary of Eisai Co., Ltd., a research-based human health care (hhc) company that discovers, develops and markets products throughout the world. Eisai focuses its efforts in three therapeutic areas: neurology, gastrointestinal disorders and oncology/critical care. Established in 1995 and ranked among the top-20 U.S. pharmaceutical companies (based on retail sales), Eisai Inc. began marketing its first product in the United States in 1997 and has rapidly grown to become an integrated pharmaceutical business with sales of approximately $2.6 billion in fiscal year 2006 (year ended March 31, 2007). Eisai Inc. employs approximately 1,500 people at its headquarters in Woodcliff Lake, NJ, at its state-of-the- art pharmaceutical production and formulation research and development facility in Research Triangle Park, NC, and in the field. For more information about Eisai, please visit www.eisai.com.
Source: Eisai
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Though Artory has an extensive programme, including parties and classes for all occasions, there are many more subtle ways you can make your art practice as frequent and easy as breathing- by personalising the way you fit it into your life. If you're struggling to figure where to start when it comes to expressing yourself, keep an open mind and think through each idea below. It could be that something you previously dismissed as 'not your thing' or 'out of your reach' strikes a chord when you really allow yourself to think about it.
Make a space to be creative in- take some time to arrange a place used only for creative acts, so when you enter it your brain knows to shift into 'artist mode'. Keep in mind such elements as lighting, sound, storage, temperature, posture and comfort.
Brainstorm a list of creative acts you enjoy. Then, see if you can combine them! This will encourage you to think about the mediums in different ways. Eg. Poetry on pottery, embroidered calligraphy, or turning lyrics into book cover illustrations. If you are completely unsure what you would enjoy, try the Artory 'creative' class.
Art journaling is probably a classic when it comes to getting started with casual art. You choose the framework that suits you best, such as blank notepads, notebooks (the kind so special that you feel something sacred about them), themed books (such as nature journaling), basic pad for work related sketches (ie. an idea jotter; good for designers, business owners, illustrators, and the like), a diary with room for illustrations, or highly structured prompt books.
A sketch book is used specifically for more intentional, or at least mindful, sketching. The best approach to this practice is to take it everywhere you go. For convenience, you may want to tie a pencil/charcoal to it with ribbon or string. As you watch this 'portfolio' grow, you will become more and more confident with your ability, and steadily notice how you improve with each attempt.
These have a mixed reputation as being either silly and trivial, or absolutely vital for busy adults needing a calm break from the day. You don't have to limit yourself to coloured pencils and pens- use any medium you like, building off the outline to make your own masterpiece. This is a huge trend right now, so you should be able to find dozens of books to choose from, either online or in a stationery/book store. There has also been a rise in colouring books for lovers of fiction, such as this Game of Thrones collection.
Make a list of exhibitions available near you, checking your town hall, library and community centre, as well as the usual galleries and museums. You can often sign up to receive notifications on upcoming events and displays, meaning that you won't miss out on the one time your favourite artist's work comes through your area (this has happened to me!). As an added bonus, some of these events are completely free, or offer additional talks and performances.
A large part of being able to create is having materials to hand that inspire you- why have great ideas if you can't get them down? Shop in a craft store and pick up the supplies you are drawn to, not the ones you think you need- instead of the standard acrylics, think calligraphy ink, clay, copper wire and origami paper.
A big part of being able to create yourself is gleaning ideas and inspiration from others. Alongside the inspiration you will get from the prints hung on your wall at home, you can collect some tomes to suit your taste, including inspirational books, coffee table books, and even portfolios of your own work. If you can't afford the typical cost of a huge coffee table hardback, why not make your own? Find, print and store art that inspires you.
Arrange your own work on a cork board, in frames, or even pasted over an entire wall. Seeing these every day will be the motivation and affirmation you need to carry on.
The above was a list of small ways to start being creative. But the one thing I'd really like you to do is to start being spontaneous- make little choices that delight you, try something new, and pay attention to the little things. Living in this way will inspire every other creative endeavour and naturally lead to wonderful pieces from your heart. This is a pervasive 'talent' rather than a task aside from the mundane.
And as a final note: if your problem is never being able to find free time around the responsibilities of home, work and kids, why not send the latter off on a kids holiday workshop?


text:
\section{Introduction}

Despite decades of sustained effort, a viable quantum theory of gravity
continues to elude us.
In such a scenario, over the last twenty five years or so, a variety of
approaches have been constructed {\it by hand}\/ to investigate possible
imprints of Planck scale effects on phenomena involving matter fields
(see, for instance, the reviews~\cite{AmelinoCamelia:2004hm,Mattingly:2005re,
Hossenfelder:2009nu,AmelinoCamelia:2008qg}).
These methods evidently involve a new scale (often assumed to be of the
order of the Planck scale) and they strive to capture one or more features
that are expected to arise in the complete quantum theory of gravity.
An important goal is to utilize these approaches to examine whether high
energy effects will modify phenomena at observably low energies.

\par

One such phenomenological approach is the approach referred to as polymer
quantization~\cite{Hossain:2010eb}.
The method of polymer quantization can be said to be inspired by loop
quantum gravity~\cite{Thiemann:2007zz,Rovelli:2004tv}.
(We should hasten to clarify that the approach we shall consider is different
from another related method, also inspired by loop quantum gravity, and often
referred to by a very similar name~\cite{Ashtekar:2002vh}.
In this approach the configuration space is considered to be discrete, whereas
in the approach that we shall adopt, it remains continuous.)
Using the standard Fourier decomposition of a field into oscillators and
the polymer method of quantization of the oscillators~\cite{Ashtekar:2002sn},
one can arrive at a modified propagator governing a quantum field in the
Minkowski spacetime (see Ref.~\cite{Hossain:2010eb}; for a very recent
discussion, see Ref.~\cite{Hossain:2017poa}).
While the modified propagator is identical to the conventional propagator
(in Fourier space) at low energies, it behaves differently at high
energies (in this context, see Ref.~\cite{Garcia-Chung:2016buw}).
It is the modified propagator which we shall utilize in this work to study
a phenomenon closely related to the Unruh effect in flat spacetime.

\par

The Unruh effect refers to the thermal nature of the Minkowski vacuum
when viewed by an observer in motion along a uniformly accelerated
trajectory (for the original efforts, see Refs.~\cite{Fulling:1972md,
Unruh:1976db,DeWitt:1980hx}; for relatively recent reviews, see
Refs.~\cite{Sriramkumar:1999nw,Crispino:2007eb,Sriramkumar:2016nmn}).
It has a close relation to Hawking radiation from black holes~\cite{Hawking:1974sw}
and, due to this reason, the effect provides an important scenario to investigate
possible quantum gravitational effects.
In fact, the question of Unruh effect in polymer quantization has received
some attention recently in the literature~\cite{Hossain:2014fma,Hossain:2015xqa,
Kajuri:2015oza,Husain:2015tna}.
On the one hand, it has been claimed that, in polymer quantization, the
Rindler vacuum may {\it not}\/ be inequivalent to the Minkowski
vacuum~\cite{Hossain:2014fma,Hossain:2015xqa}.
On the other, it has been argued that the response of a uniformly accelerated
Unruh-DeWitt detector coupled to a polymer quantized field would not
vanish~\cite{Kajuri:2015oza}.
In fact, it has been found that even an inertial detector will respond non-trivially
(under certain conditions) in polymer quantization~\cite{Kajuri:2015oza,Husain:2015tna}.

\par

It is in such a situation that we choose to study the response of a rotating
Unruh-DeWitt detector that is coupled to a polymer quantized field in this
work~\cite{Letaw:1980yv,Bell:1986ir,Davies:1996ks,Unruh:1998gq,Korsbakken:2004bv,
Gutti:2010nv}.
As we shall see, the propagator in polymer quantization can be expressed as
a series of propagators described by specific modified dispersion relations,
along with corresponding changes to the measure of the density of the
modes~\cite{Hossain:2010eb}.
Since modified dispersion relations break Lorentz invariance, the corresponding
propagators do not prove to be time translation invariant in the frame of a
uniformly accelerated detector.
This aspect makes it rather difficult to explicitly evaluate the transition
probability of an accelerated detector.
In contrast, since modified dispersion relations preserve rotational invariance,
the corresponding propagators prove to be time translation invariant in the frame
of a rotating detector, a property which allows the transition probability rate
to be evaluated~\cite{Gutti:2010nv}.
Actually, it is such a feature that has recently been exploited to study the
response of an inertial detector that is coupled to a polymer quantized
field~\cite{Husain:2015tna}.

\par

This paper is organized as follows.
In the following section, we shall quickly review the response of inertial
and rotating Unruh-DeWitt detectors that are coupled to a massless scalar
field governed by the standard linear dispersion relation in Minkowski
spacetime.
In Sec.~\ref{sec:rd-mdr}, we shall briefly discuss the response of these
detectors when they are coupled to a scalar field characterized by a modified
dispersion relation.
In Sec.~\ref{sec:pq}, we shall consider the response of detectors coupled
to a scalar field described by polymer quantization.
We shall conclude with a summary of the results and their implications
in the final section.

\par

At this stage, a couple of words on our conventions and notations are in order.
We shall set $\hbar=c=1$ and, for simplicity in notation, we shall denote the
spacetime coordinates $x^{\mu}$ as ${\tilde x}$.
We shall work in $(3+1)$-spacetime dimensions.
As far as the spatial coordinates ${\bm x}$ are concerned, we shall be working
with either the Cartesian coordinates $(x,y,z)$ or the cylindrical polar
coordinates $(\rho,\theta,z)$, as convenient.

\section{Detector coupled to the standard scalar field}\label{sec:rd-sc}

In this section, we shall rapidly summarize the response of inertial
and rotating Unruh-DeWitt detectors coupled to the standard, massless
scalar field in flat spacetime.
Since the inertial and rotating trajectories are integral curves of
timelike Killing vector fields, typically, one first evaluates the
Wightman function along the trajectory of the detector and attempts
to Fourier transform the resulting Wightman function.
It is well known that the inertial detector does not respond and, in
the case of the rotating detector, while the response proves to be
non-zero, the integral cannot be evaluated analytically, but can be
easily computed numerically (see, for instance, Refs.~\cite{Letaw:1980yv,
Gutti:2010nv}).
However, it proves to be convenient to express the Wightman function as
a sum over the normal modes and evaluate the Fourier transform (with
respect to the differential proper time) first before evaluating the sum.
In the rotating case, though the final sum needs to be calculated
numerically, this method happens to be rather effective as the sum
converges very quickly.
Importantly, as we shall illustrate, this method can be immediately
extended to situations wherein the field is described by a modified
dispersion relation~\cite{Gutti:2010nv}.

\subsection{The Unruh-DeWitt detector}

A detector can be considered to be an operational tool in an attempt
to define the concept of a particle in a generic situation.
It corresponds to an idealized point like object, whose motion is
described by a classical worldline, but which nevertheless possesses
internal, quantum energy levels.
The detectors are basically described by the interaction Lagrangian
for the coupling between the degrees of freedom of the detector and
the quantum field.
The simplest of the different possible detectors is the monopole detector
originally due to Unruh and DeWitt~\cite{Unruh:1976db,DeWitt:1980hx}.

\par

Consider a Unruh-DeWitt detector that is moving along a trajectory
${\tilde x}(\tau)$, where $\tau$ is the proper time in the frame of
the detector.
The interaction of the Unruh-DeWitt detector with a canonical, real
scalar field~$\phi$ is described by the interaction Lagrangian
\begin{equation}
{\cal L}_{\rm int}[\phi({\tilde x})]
= {\bar c}\, m(\tau)\, \phi\left[{\tilde x}(\tau)\right],
\label{eqn:lint}
\end{equation}
where ${\bar c}$ is a small coupling constant and $m$ is the
detector's monopole moment.
Let us assume that the quantum field ${\hat \phi}$ is in the vacuum
state, say, $\vert 0\rangle$, and the detector is in its ground state
with zero energy.
It is then straightforward to establish that the transition probability
of the detector to be excited to an energy state with energy eigen
value $E>0$ can be expressed as
\begin{eqnarray}
P(E) = \int\limits_{-\infty}^\infty {\rm d}\tau\,
\int\limits_{-\infty}^\infty {\rm d}\tau'\,
{\rm e}^{-i\, E\,(\tau-\tau')}\,
G^{+}\left[{\tilde x}(\tau), {\tilde x}(\tau')\right],\;\;\;\;
\label{eqn:tp}
\end{eqnarray}
where $G^{+}\left[{\tilde x}(\tau), {\tilde x}(\tau')\right]$
is the Wightman function defined as
\begin{equation}
G^{+}\left[{\tilde x}(\tau), {\tilde x}(\tau')\right]
=\langle 0 \vert
{\hat \phi}\left[{\tilde x}(\tau)\right]\,
{\hat \phi}\left[{\tilde x}(\tau')\right]
\vert 0 \rangle.\label{eqn:wfn}
\end{equation}

\par

When the Wightman function is invariant under time translations in the
frame of the detector---as it can occur, for example, in cases wherein
the detector is moving along the integral curves of timelike Killing
vector fields---one has
\begin{equation}
G^{+}\left[{\tilde x}(\tau), {\tilde x}(\tau')\right]
= G^{+}(\tau-\tau').
\end{equation}
In such situations, the transition probability of the detector
simplifies to
\begin{equation}
P(E)= \lim_{T\to \infty}\;\int\limits_{-T}^{T}\; \frac{{\rm d}v}{2}\,
\int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty}\, {\rm d}u\;
{\rm e}^{-i\,E\, u}\; G^{+}(u),\label{eq:tp}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
u=\tau-\tau',\quad v=\tau+\tau'.\label{eq:uv}
\end{equation}
The above expression then allows one to define the transition probability
rate of the detector to be
\begin{eqnarray}
R(E) = \lim_{T\to \infty}\; \frac{P(E)}{T}
= \int\limits_{-\infty}^\infty\, {\rm d}u\;
{\rm e}^{-i\, E\, u}\; G^{+}(u).\label{eq:tpr}
\end{eqnarray}

\par

For the case of the canonical, massless scalar field, in $(3+1)$-spacetime
dimensions, the Wightman function $G^{+}\left({\tilde x}, {\tilde x}'\right)$
in the Minkowski vacuum is given by
\begin{equation}
G^+\left({\tilde x},{\tilde x}'\right)
=-\frac{1}{4\, \pi^2}\,
\left[\frac{1}{(t-t'-i\,\epsilon)^2
-\left({\bm x}-{\bm x}'\right)^2}\right],\label{eq:wfn-mv}
\end{equation}
where $\epsilon\to 0^{+}$ and $(t,{\bm x})$ denote the Minkowski
coordinates.
Given a trajectory ${\tilde x}(\tau)$ that is an integral curve of a timelike
Killing vector field, the response of the detector is usually obtained by
substituting the trajectory in this Wightman function and evaluating the
transition probability rate~(\ref{eq:tpr}).
Instead, let us express the Wightman function as a sum over the normal
modes, evaluate the integral over $u$ first, before evaluating the sum.

\subsection{Response of the inertial detector}

Before considering the case of the rotating detector, it is instructive to
consider the rather simple case of an inertial detector that is moving
with a constant velocity, say, ${\bm v}$.
The trajectory of the detector can be expressed as ${\tilde x}(\tau)
=[t(\tau),\, {\bm x}(\tau)]=(\gamma\,\tau,\,\gamma\, {\bm v}\,\tau)$,
where $\gamma=(1-\vert {\bm v}\vert^2)^{-1/2}$ is the Lorentz factor.
The Wightman function evaluated in the Minkowski vacuum associated with the
scalar field can be expressed as a sum over the normal modes as follows:
\begin{equation}
G^+({\tilde x},{\tilde x}')
=\int\frac{{\rm d}^3{\bm k}}{(2\,\pi)^3\, (2\,\omega)}\,
{\rm e}^{-i\,\omega\,(t-t')}\, {\rm e}^{i\,{\bm k}\cdot({\bm x}-{\bm x}')},
\label{eq:Gs-snm}
\end{equation}
where, for the massless scalar field of our interest, $\omega=\vert {\bm k}\vert
\ge 0$.
Let us now substitute the trajectory for the inertial detector in the above
Wightman function and use the resulting expression to calculate the
transition probability rate~(\ref{eq:tpr}).
Upon carrying out the integral over~$u$, we obtain that
\begin{equation}
R(E)=\int\frac{{\rm d}^3{\bm k}}{(2\,\pi)^2\, (2\,\omega)}\,
\delta^{(1)}\left[E+\gamma\,\left(\omega-{\bm k}\cdot{\bm v}\right)\right].
\label{eq:tpr-id}
\end{equation}
Since $E$ is positive and $(\omega-{\bm k}\cdot{\bm v})\ge 0$, the argument of the
delta function never vanishes leading to the well known result that the inertial
detector does not respond at all.

\subsection{Response of the rotating detector}

Let us now turn to the case of the rotating detector.
In this case, it proves to be more convenient to work with the cylindrical
polar coordinates, say, $(\rho,\theta,z)$, than the Cartesian coordinates.
It is straightforward to show that the Minkowski Wightman
function~(\ref{eq:Gs-snm}) can be expressed in terms of the modes associated
with the cylindrical polar coordinates as follows:
\begin{eqnarray}
G^{+}({\tilde x}, {\tilde x}')
&=&\sum^{\infty}_{m=-\infty}\,
\int\limits_0^\infty\frac{{\rm d} q\,q}{(2\,\pi)^2}\,
\int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty}\frac{{\rm d} k_z}{(2\,\omega)}\;
{\rm e}^{-i\,\omega\,(t-t')}\nonumber\\
& &\times\,
J_{m}(q\,\rho)\, J_{m}(q\,\rho')\, {\rm e}^{i\,m\,(\theta-\theta')}\,
{\rm e}^{i\,k_z\,(z-z')},\nonumber\\
\label{eq:Gs-snm-cpc}
\end{eqnarray}
where $J_m(x)$ denotes Bessel function of the first kind and of order $m$,
while $\omega=k=\sqrt{q^2+k_z^2}\ge 0$.

\par

Consider a detector moving on a circular trajectory with a radius $\sigma$
and angular velocity $\Omega$ in the $z=0$ plane.
The trajectory of the detector can be expressed in terms of the cylindrical
polar coordinates and the proper time as $\tilde x(\tau)=[t(\tau), {\bm x}(\tau)]
=(\gamma\, \tau,\,\sigma,\,\gamma\, \Omega\, \tau,\,0)$, where $\gamma
=\left[1-(\sigma\, \Omega)^2\right]^{-1/2}$ is the Lorentz factor associated with
the trajectory.
The transition probability rate of the detector moving along the above
trajectory can be obtained by substituting the trajectory in the
expression~(\ref{eq:Gs-snm-cpc}) for the Wightman function and
calculating the integral~(\ref{eq:tpr}).
We find that the resulting transition probability rate can be expressed as
\begin{eqnarray}
R(E)
&=&\sum_{m=-\infty}^{\infty}
\int\limits_0^\infty\frac{{\rm d} q\,q}{2\,\pi}\,
J_{m}^{2}(q\,\sigma)\nonumber\\
& &\times\,\int\limits_{-\infty}^\infty\frac{{\rm d} k_z}{2\,\omega}\,
\delta^{(1)}[E+\gamma\,\left(\omega-m\,\Omega\right)].\label{eq:tpr-rd-ov}
\end{eqnarray}
This integral can be rewritten as
\begin{eqnarray}
R(E)
&=&\sum_{m=-\infty}^{\infty}
\int\limits_0^\infty\frac{{\rm d} k\,k}{2\,\pi}\;
\delta^{(1)}[E+\gamma\,\left(k-m\,\Omega\right)]\nonumber\\
& &\times\,\int\limits_{0}^{\pi/2}{\rm d} \alpha\,{\rm cos}\,\alpha\,
J_{m}^{2}(k\,\sigma\, {\rm cos}\,\alpha),
\label{eq:tpr-cc}
\end{eqnarray}
where, for convenience, we have used the fact that $\omega=k$, as is appropriate
for positive frequency modes.
The angular integral over $\alpha$ can be evaluated using the standard
integral~\cite{Abramowitz:1972}
\begin{eqnarray}
& &\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!
\int\limits_{0}^{\pi/2} {\rm d}\alpha\,
{\rm cos}\,\alpha\,J_m^2(z\,{\rm cos}\,\alpha)\nonumber\\
&=&\frac{z^{2\,m}}{\Gamma(2\,m+2)}\,
{}_1F_{2}[m+1/2;m+3/2,2m+1;-z^2]\nonumber\\
\end{eqnarray}
for ${\rm Re}.~z\ge 0$ and ${\rm Im}.~z=0$, where ${}_1F_{2}[a;b,c;x]$
represents the generalized hypergeometric function.
Since $E$ and $\Omega$ are positive definite quantities by assumption and
$k\ge 0$, the delta function in the expression~(\ref{eq:tpr-cc}) will be
non-zero only when $m \ge {\bar E}$, where ${\bar E}=E/\left(\gamma\, \Omega\right)$ is a
dimensionless energy.
Therefore, the transition probability rate of the detector reduces to
\begin{eqnarray}
\!\!
{\bar R}({\bar E})
&\equiv& \sigma\, R({\bar E})\nonumber\\
&=&\frac{1}{2\,\pi\,\gamma}\sum^{\infty}_{m\ge {\bar E}}\,
\left[\frac{(\sigma\,k_\ast)^{2\,m+1}}{\Gamma(2\,m+2)}\right]\nonumber\\
& &\times\,{}_1F_2[m+1/2;m+3/2,2\,m+1;-(\sigma\,k_\ast)^2],\;\;\nonumber\\
\label{eq:tpr-rd}
\end{eqnarray}
where $k_\ast= (m-{\bar E})\,\Omega$ corresponds to the value $k$ when the
argument of the delta function in Eq.~(\ref{eq:tpr-cc}) vanishes.
It is interesting to note that, for a given energy ${\bar E}$, the detector
seems to respond to modes whose energy $\omega~(=\!k)$ are proportional to
the angular frequency $\Omega$ of the detector.
While it does not seem to be possible to carry out the above sum analytically,
it converges very quickly and hence it is easy to evaluate numerically.
In Fig.~\ref{fig:rd-sc}, we have plotted the transition probability rate
of the rotating detector (with respect to the dimensionless energy ${\bar E}$)
evaluated numerically using the above result for different values of the
dimensionless velocity parameter $\sigma\,\Omega$.
\begin{figure}[!t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8.75cm]{rd-sc.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The transition probability rate of the rotating Unruh-DeWitt detector
that is coupled to a massless scalar field which is governed by the standard,
Lorentz invariant, linear dispersion relation.
The three curves correspond to the following choices of the dimensionless
velocity parameter $\sigma\,\Omega$:~$0.325$ (in red), $0.350$ (in blue) and
$0.375$ (in green).}
\label{fig:rd-sc}
\end{figure}
We should clarify that we have arrived at these results by taking into account
the contributions due to the first ten terms in the sum~(\ref{eq:tpr-rd}).
We find that the next ten terms contribute less than $0.01\%$, indicating that
the sum indeed converges quickly and that the contributions due to the higher
terms are insignificant.

\section{Detector coupled to a scalar field governed by a modified dispersion
relation}\label{sec:rd-mdr}

Let us now briefly discuss the response of inertial and rotating detectors
that are coupled to a scalar field governed by a dispersion relation, say,
$\omega(k)$, which is no more linear.
Such dispersion relations can, for instance, arise in theories which break
Lorentz invariance.
It can be easily shown that, in such a situation too, the Minkowski Wightman
function can be expressed in the form~(\ref{eq:Gs-snm}) as in the standard
case, but with the quantity $\omega(k)$ now being determined by the modified
dispersion relation.

\par

If the Wightman function is given by~(\ref{eq:Gs-snm}), it is then clear that
the response of an inertial detector can also be expressed in the
form~(\ref{eq:tpr-id}), as in the standard case.
Let us first consider a completely super-luminal dispersion relation wherein
$\omega(k) \geq k$ for all $k$.
Since ${\bm k}\cdot{\bm v} \le k$ (as $\vert {\bm v}\vert <1$), for a
super-luminal dispersion relation ${\bm k}\cdot{\bm v}<\omega$ and, hence,
$\omega-{\bm k}\cdot{\bm v}>0$ for all $k$.
Therefore, the argument of the delta function in the expression~(\ref{eq:tpr-id})
never goes to zero, implying a vanishing detector response.
In contrast, consider a field governed by a sub-luminal dispersion relation
wherein $\omega(k) < k$ over some range of $k$.
Over this domain in $k$, it is possible that $\omega-{\bm k}\cdot{\bm v} < 0$
for suitable values of the detector energy $E$ and the speed $\vert {\bm v}\vert$
of the detector.
These modes of the field can excite the detector, {\it provided the velocity of
the detector is non-zero}.\/
(In certain cases, depending on the form of the dispersion relation, there can
also arise a critical velocity, only beyond which the detector would respond,
as we shall encounter in the following section.)
In other words, even inertial detectors with possibly a threshold velocity (which
will, in general, depend on the internal energy $E$ of the detector) may respond
when they are coupled to a field that is characterized by a sub-luminal dispersion
relation.
This violation of Lorentz invariance should not come as a surprise as it is a
characteristic of fields governed by modified dispersion relations.

\par

In the standard case, the Wightman function~(\ref{eq:Gs-snm}) in the Minkowski
vacuum could be written as~(\ref{eq:Gs-snm-cpc}) in the cylindrical polar coordinates.
In fact, this proves to be true even for the case of a scalar field described
by a modified dispersion relation.
Hence, the transition probability rate of a rotating detector coupled to
such a field is again given by~(\ref{eq:tpr-rd-ov}), with $\omega$ [and,
later, the corresponding $k_\ast$---cf.~Eq.~(\ref{eq:tpr-rd})] suitably
redefined.
Using these results, one can show that, while the super-luminal dispersion
relations hardly affect the response of the rotating detector, sub-luminal
dispersion relations---depending on their shape---can substantially alter
the response (for more details and illustration of the modified response
in specific cases, see Ref.~\cite{Gutti:2010nv}).

\section{Detector coupled to the polymer quantized scalar
field}\label{sec:pq}

Let us now turn to the primary case of our interest, \textit{viz.~} the response of
a detector coupled to a polymer quantized scalar field.

\subsection{The Wightman function in polymer quantization}

As we had mentioned in the introductory section, the polymer quantized field can
be considered as a series of modified dispersion relations of a specific form,
along with suitable changes to the density of modes.
In (3+1)-dimensions, the Wightman function evaluated under the polymer quantization
procedure in the Minkowski vacuum is found to be~\cite{Hossain:2010eb, Husain:2015tna}
\begin{eqnarray}
G^+_{_{\rm P}}({\tilde x},{\tilde x}')
&=&\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\int\frac{{\rm d}^3{\bm k}}{(2\,\pi)^3}\,
\vert c_{4n+3}(k)\vert^2\,\nonumber\\
& &\times\, {\rm e}^{-i\,\omega_{4n+3}(k)(t-t')}\,
{\rm e}^{i\,{\bm k}\cdot({\bm x}-{\bm x}')},\label{eq:G-p}
\end{eqnarray}
where, as before, $k= \vert{\bm k}\vert$, while the quantity $\omega_{4n+3}(g)$ is
given by
\begin{equation}
\frac{\omega_{4n+3}(g)}{k_{_{\rm P}}}
=\frac{g^2}{2}\;\biggl\{B_{2n+2}\left[1/\left(4\,g^2\right)\right]
-A_{0}\left[1/\left(4\,g^2\right)\right]\biggr\},
\end{equation}
with $g= k/k_{_{\rm P}}$ and $k_{_{\rm P}}$ being the polymer energy scale,
which is usually assumed to be the Planck scale.
The quantities $A_r(x)$ and $B_r(x)$ denote the Mathieu characteristic value
functions\footnote{We should clarify that the Mathieu characteristic value
functions were written as $A_r(g)$ and $B_r(g)$ in the original
work~\cite{Hossain:2010eb}.
However, in order to be consistent with the Mathieu differential equation
describing the polymer quantized massless scalar field, they have to be
actually written as $A_r[1/(4\,g^2)]$ and $B_r[1/(4\,g^2)]$.}.
At small $g$, one finds that $\omega_{4n+3}\simeq (2\,n+1)\, k$, which is clear
from Fig.~\ref{fig:omega4np3}, wherein we have plotted the quantity
$\omega_{4n+3}$ as a function of $g$ for the first few values of $n$.
\begin{figure}[!t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8.75cm]{omegak.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The behavior of $\omega_{4n+3}(g)/k$ has been plotted
as a function of $g=k/k_{_{\rm P}}$ for $n=0$ (in red), $n=1$ (in blue) and
$n=2$ (in green).
The dispersion relation proves to be sub-luminal in the $n=0$ case for a small
range of $k$ near $k_{_{\rm P}}$, while it is always super-luminal for $n>0$.
The sub-luminal behavior in the $n=0$ case is clear from the inset in the figure.}
\label{fig:omega4np3}
\end{figure}

\par

Moreover, the polymer coefficients $c_{4n+3}(k)$ are defined by the integral
\begin{eqnarray}
c_{4n+3}(k)
&=&\frac{i}{\pi\,\sqrt{k_{_{\rm P}}}}\,
\int\limits_0^{2\,\pi}\,{\rm d} u\, se_{2n+2}\left[1/\left(4\,g^2\right),u\right]\nonumber\\
& &\times\, \frac{{\partial}\, ce_0\left[1/(4\,g^2),u\right]}{{\partial} u},\label{eq:c-4np3}
\end{eqnarray}
where $se_r(x,q)$ and $ce_r(x,q)$ are the elliptic sine and cosine functions,
respectively~\cite{Abramowitz:1972}.
It is useful to note that for $g\ll 1$, $\vert c_{4n+3}(k)\vert \simeq
1/(\sqrt{2\,k})$, for $n=0$, which corresponds to the standard
result~\cite{Hossain:2010eb}.

\par

In summary, three new features are encountered in polymer quantization when
compared to the standard case.
Firstly, the quantity $\omega(k)$ in the exponential is replaced by
$\omega_{4n+3}(k)$, in a fashion similar to that of a quantum field governed
by a modified dispersion relation.
Secondly, the standard measure in the integral over the modes---\textit{viz.~}
$1/\sqrt{2\, k}$---is replaced by $c_{4n+3}(k)$.
It should be pointed out that, in the case of a field described by a modified
dispersion relation, this measure would have been given by $1/\sqrt{2\, \omega(k)}$.
Lastly, there occurs an infinite sum over the polymer index $n$, which is an
aspect that is peculiar to polymer quantization.

\subsection{The case of the inertial detector}\label{subsec:ic}

Let us first revisit the response of the inertial detector in polymer
quantization, which has been studied recently~\cite{Husain:2015tna}.

\par

In such a case, upon considering the Wightman function~(\ref{eq:G-p}) along
the inertial trajectory ${\tilde x}(\tau)=(\gamma\,\tau,\gamma\, {\bm v}\,
\tau)$, where $\gamma=(1-\vert {\bm v}\vert^2)^{-1/2}$ and calculating the
corresponding transition probability rate, we obtain that
\begin{eqnarray}
{\bar R}_{_{\rm P}}({\bar E})
&=& \frac{R_{_{\rm P}}({\bar E})}{k_{_{\rm P}}}\nonumber\\
&=& \frac{1}{2\,\pi}\, \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}
\int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty}{\rm d}^{2} {\bm k}_\perp\,
\int\limits_{0}^{\infty}{\rm d} k_\parallel\, k_\parallel\, \vert c_{4n+3}(k)\vert^2\nonumber\\
& &\times\,\delta^{(1)}\left[E+\gamma\, \omega_{4n+3}(k)-\gamma\, k_\parallel\, v\right],
\end{eqnarray}
where ${\bar E}=E/k_{_{\rm P}}$ and $v=\vert {\bm v}\vert$, while $k_{\parallel}$
and ${\bm k}_\perp$ denote the components of ${\bm k}$ that are parallel and
perpendicular to the velocity vector ${\bm v}$.
Upon making the change of variables to $k_\parallel=k\,{\rm cos}\,\theta$ and
${\bm k}_\perp=k\,{\rm sin}\,\theta$, we obtain that
\begin{eqnarray}
{\bar R}_{_{\rm P}}({\bar E})
&=& \frac{1}{2\,\pi\,\gamma\,v}\,
\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}
\int\limits_{0}^{\infty}{\rm d} k\, k\, \vert c_{4n+3}(k)\vert^2\nonumber\\
& &\times\,\int\limits_{-1}^{1}{\rm d}\, ({\rm cos}\,\theta)\,
\delta^{(1)}\left[{\rm cos}\,\theta
-\frac{E+\gamma\, \omega_{4n+3}(k)}{\gamma\, k\, v}\right].\nonumber\\
\end{eqnarray}
Note that the above integral is non-zero, only if
\begin{equation}
\vert E+\gamma\, \omega_{4n+3}(k)\vert<\gamma\, k\, v,
\end{equation}
which leads to the following expression for the transition probability rate:
\begin{eqnarray}
{\bar R}_{_{\rm P}}({\bar E})&=& \frac{1}{2\,\pi\,\gamma\,v}\,
\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}
\int\limits_{0}^{\infty}{\rm d} k\, k\, \vert c_{4n+3}(k)\vert^2\nonumber\\
& &\times\,\Theta\bigl[\gamma\, k\, v-\vert E+\gamma\,
\omega_{4n+3}(k)\vert\bigr],\label{eq:tpr-id-pq}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\Theta(x)$ denotes the theta function.
It seems difficult to evaluate the above transition probability rate
analytically.
Hence, we have to resort to numerics~\cite{Husain:2015tna}.
We shall first need to determine the domain in $k$ (or, equivalently, $g$) over
which the $\Theta$ function contributes.
It is expected to contribute when $\omega_{4n+3}(k)$ behaves sub-luminally.
It is clear from the plots in Fig.~\ref{fig:omega4np3} that the function
$\omega_{4n+3}(k)$ is always super-luminal when $n>0$.
Therefore, these terms are not expected to contribute to the response of the
detector.
Moreover, in the $n=0$ case, the sub-luminal behavior occurs roughly over the
small domain wherein $0.01\lesssim g\lesssim 1$.
It is these modes which we need to integrate over.
We evaluate the quantity $c_{4n+3}(k)$ using the definition~(\ref{eq:c-4np3})
before going on to carry out the integral over the relevant domain in $k$
(determined by the $\Theta$ function) to arrive at the transition probability
rate of the detector.
We find that, because the integrand in Eq.~(\ref{eq:c-4np3}) is well behaved,
both the integrals can be evaluated with even the simplest of methods.
We make use of the Simpson's rule to carry out these integrals.
We should emphasize that we have checked the accuracy of the integrations
involved by working with a larger number of steps as well as using the
more accurate Bode's rule.
We find that the integrations we have carried out are accurate to better
than $0.01\%$.
In Fig.~\ref{fig:rid-pq1}, we have plotted the dimensionless transition
probability rate as a function of the rapidity parameter~$\beta
={\rm tanh}^{-1}\,v$.
These curves match the results obtained earlier~\cite{Husain:2015tna}.
\begin{figure}[!t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8.75cm]{rid-pq-b.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The dimensionless transition probability rate ${\bar R}_{_{\rm P}}$
[cf.~Eq.~(\ref{eq:tpr-id-pq})] of an inertial detector that is coupled to a
polymer quantized scalar field.
We should stress that the transition probability rate has been plotted as a
function of the rapidity parameter $\beta={\rm tanh}^{-1}\,v$ for specific
values of ${\bar E}=E/k_{_{\rm P}}$.
Also, for reasons mentioned, we have considered only the contribution due
to the $n=0$ case.
The different curves correspond to ${\bar E}=0.1$ (in red), $0.01$ (in blue)
and $0.001$ (in green).
These plots match the results that have been recently obtained in the
literature~\cite{Husain:2015tna}.
Note that, for a given ${\bar E}$, there is a threshold velocity for the
detector to respond.
The threshold velocity seems to become smaller as ${\bar E}$ decreases.
The critical velocity beyond which an inertial detector begins to respond
is determined by the condition that the argument of the $\Theta$ function
in Eq.~(\ref{eq:tpr-id-pq}) turns positive.
The associated critical rapidity parameter is determined by the relation
${\rm tanh}\,\beta_{\rm c}={\rm Min}.~[\omega_{3}(k)/g]$, which leads to
$\beta_{\rm c}\simeq 1.3267$.}
\label{fig:rid-pq1}
\end{figure}
In Fig.~\ref{fig:rid-pq2}, we have plotted the transition probability rate
as a function of the dimensionless energy ${\bar E}=E/k_{_{\rm P}}$ for a
few different values of $\beta$.
\begin{figure}[!t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8.75cm]{rid-pq-E.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The dimensionless transition probability rate ${\bar R}_{_{\rm P}}$
of an inertial detector that is coupled to the polymer quantized scalar field
has been plotted as a function of the dimensionless energy ${\bar E}=E/k_{_{\rm P}}$
for different values of $\beta$, which corresponds to different velocities of
the detector.
The different curves correspond to $\beta=1.5$ (in red), $2.0$ (in blue) and
$2.5$ (in green).}
\label{fig:rid-pq2}
\end{figure}
These results confirm the correctness of our numerical procedures.

\subsection{The case of the rotating detector}\label{subsec:rc}

To determine the response of the rotating detector coupled to a polymer
quantized field, we shall follow the same strategy that we had adopted
earlier.
It is straightforward to establish that, when working in the cylindrical
polar coordinates, along the rotating trajectory that we had considered
earlier, the polymer quantized Wightman function~(\ref{eq:G-p}) is given
by
\begin{eqnarray}
G^+_{_{\rm P}}(u)
&= &\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\sum_{m=-\infty}^{\infty}
\int\limits_0^{\infty} \frac{{\rm d} q\, q}{2\,\pi}\,
\int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty}\frac{{\rm d} k_z}{2\,\pi}\, \vert c_{4n+3}(k)\vert^2\nonumber\\
& &\,\times\, J_m^2(q\,\sigma)\,
{\rm e}^{-i\,\left[\omega_{4n+3}(k)-\gamma\, m\, \Omega\right]\,u},
\end{eqnarray}
where, as before, $k=\sqrt{q^2+k_z^2}$.
We can convert the integrals over $q$ and $k_z$ into integrals over $k$
and a suitable angle $\alpha$, as in the standard case.
Upon doing so and carrying out the integrals over $\alpha$ as well as $u$,
we find that the transition probability rate of the rotating detector can
be expressed as
\begin{eqnarray}
{\bar R}_{_{\rm P}}({\bar E})
&\equiv& \sigma\, R_{_{\rm P}}({\bar E})\nonumber\\
&=& \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\,
\sum^{\infty}_{m=-\infty}
\int\limits_0^\infty \frac{{\rm d} k}{2\,\pi}\;
\frac{\left(\sigma\,k\right)^{2\,m+1}}{\Gamma(2\,m+2)}\nonumber\\
& &\times\,2\,k\,\vert c_{4n+3}(k)\vert^2\,\nonumber\\
& &\times\, {}_1F_2[m+1/2;m+3/2,2\,m+1;-(\sigma\,k)^2]\nonumber \\
& &\times\,
\delta^{(1)}\left[E+\gamma\, \omega_{4n+3}(k)-\gamma\, m\,\Omega\right].
\end{eqnarray}
The integral over $k$ can be evaluated immediately to arrive at
\begin{eqnarray}
{\bar R}_{_{\rm P}}({\bar E})
&=&\frac{1}{2\,\pi\,\gamma}\, \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\,
\sum^{\infty}_{m\ge {\bar E}}
\frac{\left(\sigma\,k_\ast\right)^{2\,m+1}}{\Gamma(2\,m+2)}\nonumber\\
& &\times\,\left[\frac{2\,k_\ast\,\vert c_{4n+3}(k_\ast)\vert^2}{\vert{\rm d}
\omega_{4n+3}/{\rm d} k\vert_{k=k_\ast}}\right]\nonumber\\
& &\times\, {}_1F_2[m+1/2;m+3/2,2\,m+1;-(\sigma\,k_\ast)^2],\nonumber\\
\label{eq:tpr-kp}
\end{eqnarray}
where $k_\ast$ now denote the roots of the equation
\begin{equation}
\omega_{4n+3}(k_\ast)=\left(m-{\bar E}\right)\,\Omega.
\end{equation}
Since $\omega_{4n+3}(k)$ is a positive definite quantity, we need to
confine ourselves to $m\ge {\bar E}$ in the above sum, exactly as in
the standard case.
Note that, in the standard situation, we have just the $n=0$ case, with
$\omega(k)=k$, leading to $k_\ast=\left(m-{\bar E}\right)\,\Omega$.
Also, in such a case, the quantity within the large square brackets in
the above expression reduces to unity, thereby simplifying to the
result~(\ref{eq:tpr-rd}) we had obtained earlier.

\par

In order to determine the transition probability rate of the rotating
detector, we need to first determine the roots $k_\ast$ and evaluate
the quantities $\vert c_{4n+3}(k)\vert^2$ and $\vert{\rm d}
\omega_{4n+3}(k)/{\rm d} k\vert$ at these $k_\ast$.
As we had mentioned in the inertial case, these seem impossible to evaluate
analytically.
However, we find that they can be determined numerically without much
difficulty.
Having determined the roots $k_\ast$, the quantity $\vert{\rm d} \omega_{4n+3}(k)
/{\rm d} k\vert$ is easy to obtain.
We evaluate $c_{4n+3}(k)$ just as in the inertial case, using the Simpson's
rule.
Once all these quantities are in hand, we also need to sum over $n$ and
$m$ to arrive at the complete transition probability rate of the detector.
The sum over $m$ converges rapidly as in the standard case.
In Fig.~\ref{fig:tpr-rd-pq-rc}, we have plotted the contributions due to the
the first three terms in the sum over $n$ for specific values of the
parameters involved.
\begin{figure}[!t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8.75cm]{rd-pq.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The transition probability rate of the rotating detector when it
is coupled to a polymer quantized scalar field.
The three curves correspond to $n=0$ (in red), $n=1$ (in blue) and $n=2$
(in green).
We have set $\sigma\,\Omega=0.325$ and ${\bar k}_{_{\rm P}}=\sigma\,
k_{_{\rm P}}=10^2$ in plotting these curves.
Note that, in order to illustrate the relative magnitude of the three terms,
in contrast to Fig.~\ref{fig:rd-sc}, we have plotted the $y$-axis on a
logarithmic scale.
Clearly, the $n=0$ term dominates the contributions to the transition
probability rate of the rotating detector.
Therefore, the higher order terms can be safely ignored.}
\label{fig:tpr-rd-pq-rc}
\end{figure}
It is evident from the figure that the $n=0$ term dominates the contribution.

\par

Let us now turn to examine if polymer quantization modifies the transition
probability rate of the rotating detector.
In Fig.~\ref{fig:rd-pq-vkp}, we have plotted the transition probability rate
of the detector for a few different values of $k_{_{\rm P}}$.
We should mention here that, as in the standard case, we have taken into
account only the first ten contributions in the sum over $m$ in~\ref{eq:tpr-kp}
(for the $n=0$ case, as discussed above).
We have also examined and confirmed that the contributions due to the higher
terms are indeed completely insignificant.
\begin{figure}[!t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8.75cm]{rd-pq-vkp.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The transition probability rate of the rotating detector that is
coupled to a polymer quantized field has been plotted for different
values of $k_{_{\rm P}}$.
We have set $\sigma\,\Omega=0.325$ and have taken into consideration only
the $n=0$ contribution to the response of the detector.
Note that the different solid curves correspond to the following values of
${\bar k}_{_{\rm P}}=\sigma\, k_{_{\rm P}}$: $10^3$ (in red), $10^2$ (in blue),
$10$ (in green) and unity (in orange).
The dotted black curve corresponds to the standard case we had plotted in
Fig.~\ref{fig:rd-sc}.
Evidently, the larger the ${\bar k}_{_{\rm P}}$, the smaller is the deviation
from the standard case.
This indicates that the high energy modifications do not alter the response of
the rotating detector considerably.}
\label{fig:rd-pq-vkp}
\end{figure}
It is clear that, even for an extreme value of ${\bar k}_{_{\rm P}}=\sigma\,
k_{_{\rm P}}=1$, the detector response does not differ considerably from the
standard case.
This suggests that polymer quantization does not alter the standard results
appreciably.

\section{Summary}

The approach due to polymer quantization takes into account certain aspects
that are expected to arise in a plausible quantum theory of gravitation and
arrives at a modified version of the standard Minkowski propagator.
The response of the so-called detectors that are coupled to a scalar field
are determined by the Fourier transform of the Wightman function governing
the field.
In this work, using the propagator arrived at by polymer quantization, we have
investigated the effects of high energy physics on a variant of the Unruh effect.

\par

It is well known that, while inertial detectors do not respond in the Minkowski
vacuum (when coupled to the standard quantum field), rotating detectors exhibit
a non-zero response.
But, it proves to be difficult to calculate the response of the rotating detector
analytically and one needs to resort to numerics to evaluate the transition
probability rate of the detector.
These two results are easy to understand.
As the standard Wightman function in the Minkowski vacuum is Lorentz invariant,
it is not surprising that inertial detectors do not respond in such a situation.
In contrast, it seems natural to expect that detectors in non-inertial motion
will, in general, respond non-trivially in the Minkowski vacuum (in this context,
see, for instance, Ref.~\cite{Sriramkumar:1999nw}).
In this work, we have studied the response of detectors that are coupled to a
scalar field which is quantized through the method of polymer quantization.
After revisiting the case of the inertial detector which has been studied recently,
we had investigated the response of a rotating detector.
It has been shown earlier that detectors which are coupled to a quantum field
that is described by super-luminal dispersion relations are hardly affected.
Also, it is known that the response of the detectors can be altered considerably
if they are coupled to a field characterized by sub-luminal dispersion relations.
In the case of a polymer quantized field, one of the dispersion relations governing
the field behaves sub-luminally over a limited domain in wavenumber.
It is this behavior that is expected to alter the response of the rotating
detector~\cite{Gutti:2010nv}.
However, in polymer quantization, since the sub-luminal modification to the dispersion
relation is small, we find that, the corresponding change in the response of the
detector is also not considerable.
Our results confirm similar conclusions concerning the sub-luminal and super-luminal
dispersion relations that have been arrived at earlier.
Specifically, two phenomena where the effects due to trans-Planckian physics
have been investigated to a considerable extent are Hawking radiation from
black holes and the inflationary perturbation spectra.
In both these cases, it has been found that, while super-luminal dispersion
relations hardly affect the conventional results, sub-luminal relations can,
in principle, alter (depending on the details of the dispersion relation)
the standard results to a good extent (in this context, see the
reviews~\cite{Jacobson:1999zk,Brandenberger:2002hs}).

\par

A couple of additional points need to be clarified concerning the responses of the
inertial and rotating detectors that are coupled to a polymer quantized field.
While the response of an inertial detector that is coupled to the standard quantum
field vanishes identically, the detector coupled to a polymer quantized exhibits
a non-zero response.
This may suggest that the modifications to the response of the inertial detector
(when coupled to the polymer quantized field) are significant.
In contrast, the response of the rotating detector coupled to a polymer quantized
field seems hardly different from the standard case.
We believe that the changes are not necessarily significant in the inertial case,
as it should be noticed that the transition probability rate in Fig.~\ref{fig:rid-pq2}
has been plotted in units of $k_{_{\rm P}}$.
In fact, it is also easy to illustrate a similar point with the rotating detector.
Note that there exists a static limit in the rotating frame.
It has been shown that a rotating detector coupled to the standard field ceases
to respond when one imposes a boundary condition on the field at the static
limit~\cite{Davies:1996ks}.
However, it is easy to argue that a rotating detector coupled to a polymer quantized
field will respond non-trivially (due to the sub-luminal nature of the dispersion
relation) in the same situation~\cite{Gutti:2010nv}.
This may again naively indicate, as in the inertial case, that the modification
is substantial.
However, we know that the modifications are only minimal in the case without the
boundary.
These arguments support the fact that the changes to the detector response in the
inertial case cannot be considered to be substantial.
Such a conclusion would also be consistent with the conclusion we have drawn in the
rotating case.

\par

Needless to add, it will be interesting to evaluate the response of a uniformly
accelerated detector that is coupled to a polymer quantized field.
However, as we had pointed out in the introductory section, the polymer Wightman
function does not prove to be translation invariant in terms of the proper time
in the frame of the accelerated detector.
This poses difficulty in evaluating the corresponding transition probability
rate of the detector.
One possible way to deal with this problem is to evaluate the response of the
detector for a finite proper time interval and examine the behavior of the
response when the duration for which the detector is kept switched on is much
larger than the time scale associated with the
acceleration~\cite{Sriramkumar:1994pb}.
We are currently investigating this issue.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Baptists in Uzbekistan have told Forum 18 News Service that they fear the head of the Baptist Union, Pavel Peichev, and the Union's accountant Yelena Kurbatova will now be removed from their roles leading the registered Baptist Union.
This follows a Criminal Court in the capital Tashkent upholding the criminal conviction of the two, as well as of a Baptist layman Dmitri Pitirimov. The Court also upheld a three-year ban on each holding responsible positions. However, the court overturned massive fines on each.
The three continue to insist that the charges against them of evading taxes and involving children in religious activity without their or their parents' consent were fabricated. Peichev stated that an appeal to the Supreme Court will probably be made.
"The conviction was unjust and we want it overturned," he told Forum 18. Baptists in Uzbekistan have repeatedly insisted to Forum 18 that the authorities' main aim was to remove the leadership of the Baptist Union, continuing a pattern of state interference in the leadership of religious communities such as the Muslim and Jewish communities. Also, the Justice Ministry has forced a church website to close.
Christmas could be cancelled by a bill being put forward by the Labour government, the Catholic bishops of England and Wales have said, reports Hilary White, LifeSiteNews.com.
In a letter to MPs, Monsignor Andrew Summersgill, general secretary of the Catholic Bishops' Conference, said that Harriet Harmon's Equality Bill will have a "chilling effect" on local councils, town halls and other organizations clamping down on Christmas festivities for fear of offending people of other religions.
The Equality Bill combines all previous equality legislation in the U.K., and includes a range of new provisions.
"Under existing legislation," Summersgill wrote, "we have seen the development of a risk-averse culture with outcomes as ridiculous as reports of a local authority instructing tenants to take down Christmas lights in case they might offend Muslim neighbours, or of authorities removing the word Christmas out of cultural sensitivity to everyone except Christians.
"If this bill is serious about equality, everything possible must be done to avoid it having a chilling effect on religious expression and practice."
The Christian Institute, Britain's leading Christian political lobby group, has listed incidents where public displays of Christianity at Christmas have already come under attack. Councils around Britain are removing all references to the name "Christmas" from their 2009 events. Birmingham City Council has changed the name of this year's light-switching-on event to the generic "Winterval." Last November an attempt by Oxford City Council to drop Christmas from the title of the city's celebrations was condemned by both residents and religious leaders.
The Christian Institute complained about the bill, saying that councils "are already over-zealous in applying equality laws." The bill, they said, "will make this worse."
In fact, some of the Labour government's closest advisors have already urged it to abolish public displays of a Christian origin at Christmas. The Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR), which has shaped many Labour party policies, said in 2007 that Christmas "should be downgraded to help race relations."
The equality legislation leads only to the law favoring aggrieved minority lobby groups over the existing Christian culture, the Christian Institute says. The group pointed to the closure and forced secularization of several of Britain's Catholic adoption agencies under similar legislation, the Sexual Orientation Regulations (SORs) of the 2007 Equality Act.
Under the SORs, they said, "the rights of children have been trumped by the rights of homosexual adults. Any agency which refuses to do homosexual adoptions becomes a target for closure."


A Louisianan couple and their four Capuchin monkeys are on the lam in East Texas, avoiding authorities who may want to take away the animals.
There are no showgirls or musical revues, but the four casinos in and around Lake Charles, Louisiana, do a nice job approximating the Vegas experience. Deal yourself in.


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You are here: Home › Whitehall Times › Snow storm causes no problems locally
Snow storm causes no problems locally
Whitehall emerged unscathed from the first significant snowfall of the season.
Whitehall Police Chief Matt Dickinson said there were no significant issues in the village and the New York State Police didn't report any car accidents during the storm, which began on Wednesday night and didn't end until early Thursday evening.
The storm was the first significant snowfall in nearly two years, dropping about a half a foot of snow on the local region (points north received nearly twice that amount) and creating slick driving surfaces that were still being cleared on Friday morning. And the crews didn't have much time to rest as Whitehall received another six inches of snow throughout the course of the day Saturday.
Don Williams, Village of Whitehall Superintendent of Public Works, said crews were out for nearly 21 hours during the first storm and 26 to 27 hours in the second storm.
He said employees didn't encounter any significant problems.
"Everything went well," Williams said. "I can't praise the guys enough. They did a great job."
Louie Pratt, Town of Whitehall Highway Superintendent, said he and his fellow employees climbed into their plow trucks at approximately 3 a.m. on Thursday and didn't stop clearing snow until 6:30 p.m.
Pratt said everything went well and other than a few broken hoses on the trucks which had to repaired, there were no significant problems.
He said during a typical snow storm, each of his three employees is assigned specific areas of the town where they begin clearing snow. For instance, someone will start on Upper Turnpike Road and clear the roads in that area, another will start on Buckley before getting some of the back roads like Abair and Wade and another heads to the roads in the Hatch Hill area. Plowing all of the town's roads can take up the better part of a day, depending on the severity of the storm.
Williams said the village uses three trucks during snow storm, which each assigned a specific area or run. He said each run takes approximately three and a half hours.
He said the village's winter parking ban helps crews clear roads faster although he wants to encourage people to move their garbage cans further from the road during snow storms. He also cautioned people they could be ticketed if they blow or plow snow into the roadways without cleaning it up.
Tags: Don Williams, Friday Morning, Highway Superintendent, Matt Dickinson, New York State Police, Police Chief, Six Inches, Town Of Whitehall, York State Police
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