text:
Zuhause /
EDITOR'S PICK /
MONSTA X to meet on screen.. Movie release worldwide in December
The group MONSTA X will meet Monbebes (official fan club names) at movie theaters around the world.
On the 29th, Starship Entertainment announced, "Starting with the first nationwide CGV release on December 8, 'MONSTA X: THE DREAMING' will be released in about 70 countries around the world."
'Monsta X: The Dreaming' contains various contents such as the journey that MONSTA X has built for the past 6 years, as well as exclusive interviews for each member, their activities in the United States, and special concert stage videos for fans.
In particular, 'Monsta X: The Dreaming' contains many of MONSTA X's hit songs, the recently released US single 'One Day', and the song from the second US full-length album 'THE DREAMING', which is scheduled to be released on December 10th. It is expected that the interest of global fans will be high as it will even be featured on the first stage.
In addition, 'Monsta X: The Dreaming' provides the world's first multi-sensor function and more than 20 motion effects, from the 'ScreenX' theater consisting of three sides including the front screen and the side screen, so that you can enjoy the effect of a real live concert. It will also be opened in special theaters around the world, such as the '4DX' hall, which is equipped with both 'ScreenX' and '4DX' functions, and the '4DX Screen' hall, which allows audiences around the world to enjoy it in various screening formats.
MONSTA X started preparing for a full-fledged comeback in Korea on November 19th, and in December, the remainder of 2021 is due to the release of 'THE DREAMING' and the 'Jingle Ball' tour hosted by the US radio station iHeartRadio. ready to heat up the second half of the year.
Dieser Eintrag wurde veröffentlicht von parkJanghwan im EDITOR'S PICK
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What Happened: Negotiations between Argentina and China are moving toward expanding a currency swap between the two countries from $11 billion to $15 billion worth of currency, Clarin reported Aug. 16.
Why It Matters: Like its deal with the International Monetary Fund, the currency swap will strengthen Argentina's currency reserves, which are currently shrinking. The deal could also benefit the Argentine peso, which has struggled through 2018.
Background: Argentina and China signed a currency swap agreement in 2009 and renewed the deal for three additional years in 2017.


The official Police Report states that around 8PM Garcia's body was found behind the counter inside his shop, Dicky's Store located on the lower flat of his home. Reports indicate that two male persons entered the shop with one of them firing a single gunshot towards the victim, causing the fatal injury. The assistants then ran towards the lagoon area making their escape. The report further states that robbery doesn't seem to be the motive as no money or valuables appear to have been stolen from the store.
The San Pedro Police continue to investigate the reason behind Garcia's death. As investigations continue, San Pedro Police are asking the community to report any information that can lead to the arrest of the other persons responsible for Garcia's death at 206-2022 or visit the station on Pescador Drive. Tips will remain anonymous. Garcia was laid to rest on Sunday, April 29th at the cemetery south of San Pedro Town.


text: export { TextBold20 as default } from "../../";

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Rational Choice and Selfishness
2013-06-19 / Phil Arena / 43 Comments
In his latest post, PTJ moves us past the worst critiques of "rational choice theory" and focuses on a few more nuanced concerns.1 I'm glad to see the conversation progressing, and this type of exchange is one of the things I love most about academic blogging. However, I find some of PTJ's arguments problematic.
I argued last week that most criticisms of "rational choice" amount to attempts to persuade graduate students not to learn a language because its speakers don't often discuss the right topics. That's worrisome, because insofar as concerns about the narrow focus of those who speak said language are valid, they form the basis of an argument for learning that language and then changing the conversation far more so than they do an argument against learning the language. But PTJ's concerns are of a different nature — he agrees that it is inappropriate either to criticize rational choice for developing stylized models of an ideal-typical nature2 or to assume that rational choice theory inherently contains any particular substantive assumptions about people's preferences. His critique, then, is not about the types of things people discuss when they speak the language of rational choice, but the inherent limitations of the language itself. And to some extent, I think he's right. But not entirely.
A better metaphor for "rational choice" than a foreign language would be a toolbox. My post last week essentially argued that just because most people who go out and buy the toolbox never use anything but the hammer doesn't make it fair to say that "rational choice" offers nothing to those who have need of a screwdriver. PTJ's response, in a sense, is thus: 1) the toolbox doesn't contain a paintbrush, and so may be useful to those who want to hang pictures or install bookshelves but won't help anyone transform a room entirely; 2) the very act of giving someone a toolbox encourages them to think the world is full of nails and screws; and, most disturbingly, 3) this encourages people to try to fix what ain't broken. (Okay, this metaphor's not perfect either. Bear with me.)
Or, in his own words:
because such accounts depend by assumption on constitutively autonomous actors selfishly pursuing their own desires, they are incapable of explaining fundamental changes in those actors themselves.
This is the paintbrush criticism, and it's entirely valid. I would quibble with the use of the world "selfishly" here, but we'll get to that below. The more important charge here is that "rational choice" is incapable of explaining fundamental changes in actors themselves. As I've argued elsewhere, it's actually entirely possible to model preference change. But PTJ would note, rightly, that there's a difference between building a model in which preferences are allowed to vary over time and explaining why they vary. Appeal to exogenous shocks allows one to account for change in a certain sense, but it's ultimately ad hoc, and there aren't many factors of interest in social science that are truly exogenous.3 So while "incapable" might be a hair too strong, I'd readily agree that if you want to paint your room a different color, you ought to look elsewhere.
My real issue is with the second and third points.
PTJ says that "rational choice" does not even allow for the possibility of altruism. Given the abundance of theoretical models claiming to do just that, we need to unpack this a bit. What PTJ really means here is that one must choose between assuming that people maximize utility functions and believing in the possibility of moral behavior — one cannot simultaneously do both. That's a strong charge, and one that can't be dismissed lightly (hence the length of this post, for which I apologize in advance). However, it rests upon two problematic premises: 1) that Kant's view of moral behavior is the only valid one (as PTJ basically acknowledges); and a definition of utility maximization that is so narrow that it implies that decision-theoretic and game-theoretic models don't actually require us to assume that actors maximize utility.
Even if one does not feel that Kant's remarks on race call his authority on ethical matters into question,4 and even if we ignore the fact that consequentialist moral philosophy is a real thing, when PTJ says
I am not sure what grounds an actor would have for doing so unless one action brought more utility than another to the actor. What does preferring one option over another mean if the actor isn't comparing the different states of the world and then concluding that in one of them she or he will benefit more?
he effectively proclaims that the word "utility" must be understood to refer to a concept so narrow that it is of no practical relevance. You see, it turns out that there is a methodology which allows us to analyze the behavior of agents who do what is right simply because it is right and which also happens to be so similar to the one in question as to be indistinguishable from it. Thankfully enough, algebra and calculus work the same way whether the inequalities we manipulate or the functions we maximize contain "utilities" or not. And since all these models really assume is that actors choose the action with the larger number associated with it, all we have to do is call those numbers something other than "utilities" and this critique simply goes away. For example, if we were to assume a world full of pacifists, we might assign the cost terms in standard bargaining models values of positive infinity. Or any arbitrarily large number, really. If we did that, our models would predict that war would never occur. I'm not sure what would be interesting about that, but neither do I understand why it would be incorrect to say that peace prevails in such models because of its inherent moral virtue. Put differently, that we happen to call the numbers we attach to outcomes "utilities", and that most people alive today associate that word strongly with the work of Bentham and Mill, no more justifies PTJ's comments than calling scyphozoa "jellyfish" makes them fish. Or fills them with jelly.
This, in turn, leads to my objection to the claim that "rational choice" affirms "a certain kind of selfishness." If we interpret this claim loosely enough, it's possibly true. But, again, if one observes that most people who purchase toolboxes never bother to use anything but the hammer, wouldn't it be more appropriate to remind everyone that there are screwdrivers in there as well rather than advising that no one should buy a toolbox?
The real question here is whether thinking in terms of utility maximization intrinsically promotes selfishness, irrespective of the content of those utility functions. That's what PTJ implies in his post, after all. The appropriate way to answer this question would probably be with an experiment, but allow me to register my skepticism in the interim.
My colleagues have often told me how surprised they are that I'm not more selfish; that I'm so generous with my time and that my behavior in committees and departmental meetings is the least "strategic" — read, selfish — of anyone in the department. In truth, I am behaving quite strategically, though perhaps a Kantian would think this says bad things about me. I place less weight on my own personal preferences than those of my students and colleagues in part because I think that's the right thing to do5 (and I'm capable of thinking such thoughts, surprisingly enough), but also, I confess, in part because I know what people think about formal theorists. Because I know that I need to go out of my way to prove to my colleagues that I'm decent human being because they all have really strong priors about me based on the work that I do (which isn't the least bit offensive). That may not be pure altruism, but if that's the "certain kind of selfishness" PTJ is worried about, I think a lot of departments would be glad to have more "selfish" faculty members.
Setting my own personal experience aside, I'd note that there's a great deal of work out there where the actor who is assumed to be maximizing some utility function is not an individual, and so cannot be said to be "selfish" in any traditional sense. I speak not just of states interested in promoting some notion of the national interest, but more so of welfare economics and public choice—works which analyze the behavior of an ideal-typical collective, with a particular focus on what is best for the collective. Granted, much of that work embodies a distinctly utilitarian ethics (and here I do mean that in the sense of Bentham and Mill), but concepts such as positive and negative externalities, so central to welfare economics, are used precisely to illustrate the problems with behaving selfishly. I could go on, but hopefully you get the point.
In sum, I agree that "rational choice" is not the best tool for analyzing preference change. I'm not sure that's much more damning than saying that hammers are best used for driving nails and screwdrivers for turning screws, but it's worth acknowledging. As for the claims that models populated by utility maximizing agents intrinsically rule out the very possibility of ethical behavior, and that the analysis thereof promotes "a certain type of selfishness", I'm unimpressed. Depending on how one defines "ethical" and "selfish", these claims are either true in a sense so narrow as to be trivial (representing a scathing critique of a method no one really employs) or they are of rather dubious veracity. I'm not here to argue that everyone should embrace "rational choice" or utility maximization or game theory or whatever. Not by any means. But I would very much like to see people stop (intentionally or otherwise) devaluing the work of others by offering invalid critiques.
1. I realize that the repeated use of scare-quote is a bit of an eye-sore, but I remain convinced that the term "rational choice" is very nearly devoid of content. As this post demonstrates, even relatively sophisticated critiques of "rational choice" tend either be right because the critic defines the relevant terms in such a way that s/he must be right, in which case the criticism only applies to a body of work so narrow that it's unclear why anyone should care, or to be flat-out wrong (for reasons discussed in this previous post).
2. I agree that "rational choice" is a form of analyticism rather than neopositivism. As he notes, there are those who've tried to force game theory's square peg into neopositivism's round hole, including many in the EITM movement. But he's not alone in thinking this is problematic.
3. I think this criticism can be oversold — I'm not aware of any scientific theory that doesn't take as given at least a few things whose very existence is viewed by other scholars as needing explanation. Again I must insist that if our standard is to avoid all simplifying assumptions, we might as well pack up and go home, because we're playing a game no one has yet figured out how to win.
4. As Henderson notes, Kant himself said that "the Negroes of Africa have by nature no feeling that rises above the trifling", which is why Kant "advises us to use a spli bamboo cane instead of a whip, so that the 'negro' will suffer a great deal of pains (because of the 'negro's' thick skin, he would not be racked with sufficient agonies through a whip) but without dying."
5. I've heard that tenure thing is pretty sweet, and I'm not under any illusions about how heavily anyone will weight my work with graduate students. But I sincerely believe that faculty members have an obligation to help people achieve their intellectual potential, so I never refuse to meet with students who want my help. I've had senior colleagues take me out to coffee and tell me "listen, this is a state school, not a small liberal arts college. Maybe you could afford to do that at William and Mary, but you can't here. I'm just looking out for your best interests here."
EthicsIR theoryphilosophy of sciencerational choice
Measuring Journal (and Scholarly) Outcomes
The Three Commandments for Editing a Journal

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A variety of Cherry that produces large, dark red and firm fruits which are very resistant to rain cracking. The fruits have sweet low-acid flavor and crunchy texture. The plant itself is also more resistant to transplant shock. Not self-fertile.
Plant will be shipped as a dormant bare root.


I know she won't. She smiles baring all teeth, shaking her head, she says, "They're boys." I smile, bearing anything at all. How does my mother not mind?
Sammy is two and threw my mother's butter potatoes to the floor, swept them clear off her table before he began jamming out with his spoon on her new slate-tiled kitchen set.
Johnny said, "My little brother's name is Sam, and he's not an angel." We all laughed, but he didn't understand what was so funny.
My sons are not devils. They are ragamuffins. They are toughies, my mom says. My mother-in-law says God only gives you what you need. He forgot to give me muscles. And many days, patience.
I did imagine that Angelina went home and combed her Monster High doll's hair calmly and smoothly with attention to snarls and then smelled her doll's hair and then cuddled her like a good Monster High doll's mother would. I imagine Angelina potty trained in two days. She ate everything her parents put on her plate, with gravy. She took ballet classes and tiptoed down the stairs after waking, never before 8 a.m. I imagined.
I have to exert all my power to hold two boys down with force enough to put their shoes on while they spin like tornadoes, but not enough force to hurt them. It is a hard practice, like yoga, this strict control of muscles.
And yet I see the same restraint in Johnny when he wants to wallop Sammy in return for the bite on his forearm.
They love as hard as they live.
So I tell him that makes me sad, that I want him to love our home, to want to be here. He starts crying and tells me he doesn't want to leave this house, to move, that he wants to take the "for sale" sign down.
At night, we are finally settled, the three of us on the couch, watching Chicken Little, and I've finally stopped holding my breath long enough to remind them how much I love them. We share popsicles. And if they fight by pushing hard and leaning against each other, growling, it's over the space on my lap–which is my space, and I don't mind if they each take it all.
I have one workable day before I have to send my third packet off to my MFA Adviser. This day is a heavy research day.
1. String a clothesline in my backyard, among the non-stop cricket chirps of early fall.
2. Hang a bin-ful of wet laundry from the line.
3. Repeat step 2, thinking about a loss I've suffered. This part, I know, will bend my mind in places it hasn't bent before. Also, the crickets will haunt me long after I've come inside.
4. Sip whiskey from a bottle I wouldn't normally touch. Blech. I will take note of the burn that I can anticipate, but most importantly, make note of the what I don't anticipate.
5. Smoke a cigarette, alone, that I've bummed off my mother. I will struggle to light it with a match, cupping it the way I've always seen people do, but I bet it will be harder than it looks. It will take more than one try. I will feel uncool, but I will probably feel many other things I wasn't expecting.
I'm excited to see how these projects impact the piece I'm writing. It's not a thing I've thought to do before, but I think it will improve the "physicality," the presence of my writing.
My next field trip: to the abandoned cemetery in Brockport. Just in time for Halloween.


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UEFA Nations League: What does Scotland need to qualify?
Scotland v Israel
Tuesday, 20 November, kick-off 7.45pm
Hampden Park, Glasgow
Scotland go into tonight's final UEFA Nations League match against Israel knowing that their fate lies very much within their own control, following Saturday night's resounding 4-0 victory over Albania in Shkodër.
With a playoff place for UEFA Euro 2020 on the line, the stakes are high as both nations look to take another step towards ending a lengthy drought since their last appearance at a major tournament.
24 hours to go.
A play-off spot is within our reach.#NothingMattersMore pic.twitter.com/nQojv5yycU
— Scotland National Team (@ScotlandNT) November 19, 2018
Both teams currently find themselves tied on six points at the top of the group, making tonight's fixture the epitome of a winner-takes-all encounter.
Here's a breakdown of what each result would mean for Scotland's hopes of qualification.
Scotland win
Victory for Alex McLeish's men this evening would see them qualify for a first playoff since 2003, when a famous James McFadden strike wasn't enough to see Scotland past the Netherlands on the road to UEFA Euro 2004.
Three points for Scotland would also secure promotion to League B in the next iteration of the UEFA Nations League, where a host of Europe's best teams are potential opponents for McLeish's side when the draw is made.
🏴 Scotland will be promoted to League B as section winners with a win against Israel...#NationsLeague pic.twitter.com/CxWXe8Y2Oo
— UEFA Nations League (@UEFAEURO) November 20, 2018
Israel win
If Scotland were to lose tonight, they would finish as runner-up in group C1, with Albania having consigned to third place by defeat to Alex McLeish's side on Saturday.
The result would also mean Scotland would miss out on the playoffs for UEFA Euro 2020, unless one of the other Group C winners qualify via the traditional group qualifiers, in which case Scotland would take their place in the play-offs if they were the next best placed team to still have not qualified.
A draw tonight would not be enough for Scotland, as Israel's victory in Haifa last month would see Andi Herzog's side qualify by virtue of a better head-to-head record.
If Israel – or any other group winner from League C - did indeed qualify by rights from their qualifying group, the runner-up with the next best record would take the vacant playoff spot. Scotland currently occupy that spot.
Hungary and Bulgaria have confirmed their runners-up finishes in groups C2 and C3 respectively, whilst Serbia, Romania or Montenegro will take second place in group C4 depending on tonight's results.
If you're coming to #SCOISR tonight, there are plenty of goings-on in and around @HampdenPark to enhance your matchday experience, including:
🎵 Music
🖌 Facepainting
👕 @JDFootball retail units
⚽ Football freestylers
➡ Find out more: https://t.co/H5GxMtqazM pic.twitter.com/TInVYregXZ
A draw with Israel would leave Scotland with seven points, a total that – once results against fourth-placed sides are discounted – would see Alex McLeish's side level on points with Bulgaria as the best-placed runner-up, with Scotland's superior goal difference tipping the balance in favour of McLeish's men.
However, if Serbia was to lose tonight's fixture with Lithuania, then it would instead be the Balkan nation that would be in the best runner-up position, bumping Scotland down to second in the rankings.
The equation for Scotland is therefore simple – win tonight, and a playoff spot for UEFA Euro 2020 is guaranteed. The team's destiny is in their own hands.
Tickets are still available for tonight's encounter – for all the information you need to know before kick-off, click here.
Venues confirmed for U17 Elite Round
Scotland face Futsal EURO Qualifiers
Scotland to compete in Pinatar Cup


An exciting PropTech start up company based in Reading are currently seeking an exceptional, self-driven Customer Development Manager, with a track record of driving growth. The successful individual will be able to adapt to positive change, think of the bigger picture and consider long term goals and implement the sales strategy to deliver growth and revenue.
The Customer Development Manager will support the CEO in meeting the company's commercial targets and will also work closely with the Customer Experience team to ensure customer aftersales satisfaction is maximised.
via a combination of outbound calling, face to face appointments and event work.
reseller partnerships alongside the CEO and even the development of other revenue driving opportunities such as advertising revenue from the company's platform.
The individual will therefore need to have the ability to identify new commercial opportunities whilst maintaining profitable partnerships with key stakeholders.


text:
Metropolitan Toronto
Not to be confused with Greater Toronto Area.
Dissolved region in Ontario, Canada
Dissolved region
Metro Hall
Metro, Metro Toronto
Location of Metropolitan Toronto in the province of Ontario
1953 from Toronto, York Township, Scarborough Township and Etobicoke Township
1998 into Toronto
Council–manager government
• Body
Metropolitan Toronto Council
• Chairman
Alan Tonks (last)
630 km2 (240 sq mi)
UTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
History of Toronto
Town of York (1793–1834)
City of Toronto (1834–1954)
Metropolitan Toronto (1954–1998)
Toronto (Amalgamated) (1998–present)
Toronto Purchase 1787
Battle of York 1813
Battle of Montgomery's Tavern 1837
First Great Fire of Toronto 1849
Second Great Fire of Toronto 1904
Hurricane Hazel (effects) 1954
First Amalgamation 1967
Second Amalgamation 1998
Etymology of 'Toronto'
History of Neighbourhoods
Lost buildings
Oldest buildings and structures
Timeline of Toronto history
Toronto portal
The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was an upper tier level of municipal government in Ontario, Canada from 1954 to 1998. It was made up of the old city of Toronto and numerous townships, towns and villages that surrounded Toronto, which were starting to urbanise rapidly after World War II. It was commonly referred to as "Metro Toronto" or "Metro".
Passage of the 1997 City of Toronto Act caused the 1998 amalgamation of Metropolitan Toronto and its constituents into the current City of Toronto. The boundaries of present-day Toronto are the same as those of Metropolitan Toronto upon its dissolution: Lake Ontario to the south, Etobicoke Creek and Highway 427 to the west, Steeles Avenue to the north, and the Rouge River to the east.
1.1 City and suburbs
1.2 Formation
1.3 Growth and mergers
1.4 Amalgamation
2 Political structure
2.1 Wards
2.1.1 East York
2.1.2 Etobicoke
2.1.3 North York
2.1.4 Scarborough
2.1.5 Toronto
2.1.6 York
3 City Hall and Metro Hall
City and suburbs[edit]
Prior to the formation of Metropolitan Toronto, the municipalities surrounding the central city of Toronto were all independent townships, towns and villages within York County. After 1912, the city no longer annexed suburbs from York Township. At times, the suburbs asked to be annexed into Toronto, but the city chose not to do so.
In 1924, Ontario cabinet minister George S. Henry was the first to propose a 'metropolitan district' with its own council, separate from the city and the county, to administer shared services. He wrote a draft bill, but the government chose not to act on it.[1]
The Great Depression saw almost all of the towns and villages of the county become insolvent. When that happened, they were, financially, taken over by the province. In 1933, Henry, now the premier, appointed a formal inquiry into forming a metropolitan district. A proposal was made for Toronto to provide several of its services to the suburbs as well. The inquiry died with the defeat of Henry in 1934.[2]
In the 1930s, a Liberal Ontario government named the first minister of municipal affairs, David A. Croll, and introduced a draft bill to amalgamate Toronto and the built-up suburbs. The draft bill faced strong opposition in Toronto and was withdrawn. The government then started its own inquiry into issues of the suburbs surrounding Toronto. Through consensus, it came to the conclusion that a metropolitan municipality was the best solution. The inquiry reported in September 1939, and its conclusions were put aside for the duration of World War II.[2]
Two factors changed in the 1940s. A Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (PCO) government was elected in 1943, with a changed policy, intending to promote economic growth through government action. Also in 1943, the first Master Plan was adopted in Toronto. It recognized that future growth would take place in the vacant land of adjacent suburbs. Planning would have to take into account the whole metropolitan area.[3]
Forest Hill reeve Fred Gardiner, who was politically well-connected to newly elected PC premier George Drew, now promoted the idea of ambitious new programs to lay the capital infrastructure for growth. In 1946, the province passed the Planning Act, which required each urban municipality to have its own Planning Board. A Toronto and Suburban Planning Board was founded, under the chairmanship of James P. Maher, and the vice-chairmanship of Fred Gardiner. The Board promoted specific projects, and also promoted a suburban 'green belt', a unified system of arterial roads and the creation of a single public transit network.[4]
The Board was ineffective. Projects such as a bridge across the Don River Valley and the Spadina Road Extension (the basis for the later Spadina Expressway) were rejected by the local municipalities. Gardiner, elected as chairman of the board in 1949, wrote to Premier Leslie Frost that only a unified municipality could measure up to the problems. In 1950, the City of Toronto Council voted to adopt an amalgamated city, while nearly all of the suburbs rejected the amalgamation.[5]
From 1950 until 1951, the Ontario Municipal Board held hearings on the proposal, under the chairmanship of Lorne Cumming. The Board worked until 1953, releasing its report on January 20, 1953. Cumming's report proposed a compromise solution: a two-tiered government, with the formation of a Metropolitan government, governed by a Metropolitan Council, to provide strategic functions, while existing municipalities would retain all other services. He rejected full amalgamation, citing a need to preserve 'a government which is very close to the local residents.'[6]
Formation[edit]
The Frost government moved immediately and on February 25, 1953, introduced the bill to create the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto. The new municipality would have the power to tax real estate and borrow funds on its own. It would be responsible for arterial roads, major sewage and water facilities, regional planning, public transportation, administration of justice, metropolitan parks and housing issues as needed. The municipalities retained their individual fire and police departments, business licensing, public health and libraries.[7]
The Council would have its own chairman, selected by the province initially, then to be elected by the Council itself after 1955. Premier Frost convinced Fred Gardiner, who still preferred amalgamation, over the metro scheme, to take the job. Gardiner was well known to Frost through the Conservative Party, was well-off, was felt to be beyond personal corruption. Gardiner accepted the position partly due to his friendship with Frost, and he demanded that he retain his corporate connections. He also felt that the job would be "bigger than anything he had tried before." The bill to form Metro was passed on April 2, 1953. The Gardiner appointment was announced on April 7.[8]
In Canada, the creation of municipalities falls under provincial jurisdiction. Thus it was provincial legislation, the Metropolitan Toronto Act, that created this level of government in 1953. When it took effect in 1954, the portion of York Township not yet annexed by Toronto, as well as all of Scarborough and Etobicoke Townships were incorporated as part of the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto, and seceded from York County.
Metro Toronto was composed of the City of Toronto, the towns of New Toronto, Mimico, Weston and Leaside; the villages of Long Branch, Swansea and Forest Hill and the townships of Etobicoke, York, North York, East York, and Scarborough.
The Metropolitan Toronto Council initially consisted of 12 councillors from Toronto (including the mayor), and one representative (usually a mayor or reeve) from each of the surrounding municipalities. Metropolitan Toronto also had planning authority over the surrounding townships such as Vaughan, Markham, and Pickering, although these areas did not have representation on Metro Council.
Growth and mergers[edit]
Gardiner was Metro Chairman from 1953 until the end of 1961. During his tenure, Metro built numerous infrastructure projects, including the opening of the first subway line, start of construction of the second subway line, water and sewage treatment facilities, rental housing for the aged and the Gardiner Expressway, named after Gardiner. Metro also amalgamated the various police forces into one in 1956. It was a period of rapid development of the suburban municipalities of Metro. The population of Metropolitan Toronto increased from one million to 1.6 million by the time he left office.[9]
As a result of continued growth, the province reorganised Metro in 1967. The seven small towns and villages, which were no longer any denser than the surrounding areas, were merged into neighbouring municipalities. This left the City of Toronto and the five townships, which at this time were re-designated as boroughs (all but East York were later incorporated as cities). Long Branch, New Toronto, and Mimico were absorbed back into Etobicoke; Weston was absorbed into York; Leaside into East York; and Swansea and Forest Hill, into Toronto. The reorganized Metropolitan Toronto adopted a flag and decal using a symbol of six rings representing the six municipalities.[citation needed] The six rings that made up the symbol would later inspire Drake to nickname Toronto "the Six."[citation needed]
As the seats on Metro Council were reapportioned according to population, the council was now dominated by the suburban majority; but it continued to address suburban and inner city issues in equal measure.
Amalgamation[edit]
Main article: Amalgamation of Toronto
By the 1990s, many people believed that Metropolitan Toronto, set up to encompass the urban region of Toronto, was no longer relevant since it constituted barely 50% of Toronto's actual metropolitan area, known as the Greater Toronto Area, and many people saw it as being synonymous with Toronto. On the other hand, its residents often felt more concerned with local matters (such as provision of services) than Metro-wide ones. When a City of Toronto election ballot included a non-binding referendum question on eliminating the Metro level of government, there was a substantial vote in favour.[citation needed]
In the 1995 provincial election, PCO leader Mike Harris campaigned on reducing the level of government in Ontario as part of his Common Sense Revolution platform, and promised to examine Metropolitan Toronto with an eye to eliminating it. However, in the end the Harris government announced what they saw as a superior cost-saving plan. The six municipalities of Metro Toronto would be amalgamated into a single-tier city of Toronto. This was a major break from the past, which had seen the core simply annex suburbs. Similar amalgamations were planned for other parts of Ontario, such as Ottawa and Hamilton.
The announcement touched off vociferous public objections to what the media termed the "megacity" plan. In March 1997 a referendum in all six municipalities produced a vote of more than 3:1 against amalgamation.[10] However, municipal governments in Canada are creatures of the provincial governments, and referendums have little to no legal effect. The Harris government could thus legally ignore the results of the referendum, and did so in April when it tabled the City of Toronto Act. Both opposition parties held a filibuster in the provincial legislature, proposing more than 12,000 amendments that allowed residents on streets of the proposed megacity take part in public hearings on the merger and adding historical designations to the streets.[11] This only delayed the bill's inevitable passage, given the PCO's majority. The amalgamation would take place effective January 1, 1998, at which time the new City of Toronto (legal successor of Old Toronto) came into existence.
Political structure[edit]
Originally, members of the Metropolitan Toronto Council also sat on their respective lower-tier councils; they were not directly elected to the upper-tier council, and because Toronto councillors often voted in a bloc, inner-city issues tended to dominate. The arrangement was achieved by electing two members in each ward. The person who achieved the greatest number of votes was named the senior alderman. The person with the second most votes was the junior alderman. Both aldermen sat on the local council, but only the senior alderman sat on Metro Council. The Province of Ontario changed this arrangement in 1988, requiring direct elections to Metro Council and severing the links between the two tiers. Now only the mayors of the six member municipalities sat on both the upper-tier and lower-tier councils.
The first chairman of Metropolitan Toronto, Fred Gardiner, was appointed by the province; subsequent chairmen were elected by Metro Council itself. The Metro Chairman was, for many years, an ex-officio member of the council without having to be elected to Metro Council by constituents as either a local mayor, controller, alderman or councillor. Beginning in 1988, the position of chairman was chosen by council members from amongst its own members (excluding mayors who could vote for Metro Councillor but could no longer run for the position).
As usual in Ontario municipalities, all of these councils were non-partisan, although in later years some councillors (and candidates) did identify themselves explicitly as members of particular political parties. Metro councillors were elected by plurality.
From the inception of Metro Toronto until amalgamation, there were six chairmen altogether:
Fred Gardiner, 1953–1961 (Toronto)
Bill Allen, 1962–1969 (Toronto)
Albert Campbell, 1970–1973 (Scarborough)
Paul Godfrey, 1973–1984 (North York)
Dennis Flynn, 1984–1988 (Etobicoke)
Alan Tonks, 1988–1997 (York)
Wards[edit]
Metro Toronto wards established in 1988 were given names that contained the number of the ward, name of municipality and the name of the local communities:
East York[edit]
Metro Toronto Ward 1 - East York
Etobicoke[edit]
Metro Toronto Ward 2 - Lakeshore-Queensway
Metro Toronto Ward 3 - Kingsway-Humber
Metro Toronto Ward 4 - Markland Centennial
Metro Toronto Ward 5 - Rexdale-Thistletown
North York[edit]
Metro Toronto Ward 6 - North York Humber
Metro Toronto Ward 7 - Black Creek
Metro Toronto Ward 8 - North York Spadina
Metro Toronto Ward 9 - North York Centre South
Metro Toronto Ward 10 - North York Centre
Metro Toronto Ward 11 - Don Parkway
Metro Toronto Ward 12 - Seneca Heights
Scarborough[edit]
Metro Toronto Ward 13 - Scarborough Bluffs
Metro Toronto Ward 14 - Scarborough Wexford
Metro Toronto Ward 15 - Scarborough City Centre
Metro Toronto Ward 16 - Scarborough Highland Creek
Metro Toronto Ward 17 - Scarborough Agincourt
Metro Toronto Ward 18 - Scarborough Malvern
Toronto[edit]
Metro Toronto Ward 19 - High Park
Metro Toronto Ward 20 - Trinity-Spadina
Metro Toronto Ward 21 - Davenport
Metro Toronto Ward 22 - North Toronto
Metro Toronto Ward 23 - Midtown
Metro Toronto Ward 24 - Downtown
Metro Toronto Ward 25 - Don River
Metro Toronto Ward 26 - East Toronto
York[edit]
Metro Toronto Ward 27 - York Humber
Metro Toronto Ward 28 - York Eglinton
City Hall and Metro Hall[edit]
At its inception in 1953, Metro was headquartered at a six-floor building at 67 Adelaide Street East (now home to Adelaide Resource Centre for Women). When the new Toronto City Hall opened in 1965, one of its twin towers was intended for Metro Toronto offices and the other for the City of Toronto; the two councils shared the central Council Chamber. Eventually this space proved inadequate and committee facilities and councillors' offices were relocated to an office tower at the southwest corner of Bay and Richmond Street (390 Bay Street), across from City Hall; Metro Council continued to meet in the City Hall council chamber. Finally, in 1992, the Metro government moved out of Toronto City Hall altogether and into a newly constructed Metro Hall at 55 John Street, which was designed by Brisbin Brook Beynon Architects (BBB Architects).
The amalgamated council chose to meet at City Hall, though it temporarily met at Metro Hall while City Hall was retrofitted for the enlarged council. Metro Hall continues to be used as office space by the City of Toronto.
A Metropolitan Toronto plaque on a city overpass.
The following is a list of services that were funded and provided by the Metro government:
Metro Toronto Welfare and Social Services (Welfare, homes for the aged, children's services)
Metro Toronto Police (since renamed Toronto Police Service and retains Metro Toronto's coat of arms in its logo)
Toronto Transit Commission
Metro Toronto Parks and Property (Regional parks including the Toronto Islands, waterfront park and valley park systems)
Metro Toronto Planning (Regional planning)
Metro Toronto Treasury
Metro Toronto Clerk
Metro Toronto Legal
Metro Toronto Personnel
Metro Toronto Roads and Traffic (now Toronto Transportation)
Metro Toronto Ambulance (renamed Toronto Ambulance Service (TAS) then latter Toronto EMS)
Metro Toronto Works (Sewage treatment, water filtration and distribution; now split into Toronto Water and Toronto Solid Waste Management)
solid waste disposal (but not collection, which was a lower-tier responsibility)
Social services, hostels, public housing, children's services: Metro Toronto Community Services, Metro Toronto Hostel Services Division, and Metro Toronto Housing Authority (now Toronto Community Housing Corporation)
The Metro Toronto Library (now Toronto Public Library), which directly operated the Metro Toronto Reference Library and provided coordination between the municipal public libraries within Metro
Metro Toronto Audit
Metropolitan Toronto School Board consisted of six public secular school boards and one French entity: East York, Etobicoke, North York, Scarborough, Toronto, York and the French Language Section.
Metropolitan Separate School Board operated English-language public separate schools and Les Conseil des écoles catholiques du Grand Toronto operated seven French-language Catholic schools.
In addition, the following agencies were Metro government agencies:
Metro Toronto Zoo (now Toronto Zoo)
Sony Centre for the Arts (formerly the O'Keefe Centre and the Hummingbird Centre)[12]
Exhibition Place
Amalgamation of Toronto
Montreal Urban Community
Common Sense Revolution - see entry on Bill 103
Colton, Timothy J. (1980). Big Daddy. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-2393-2.
Levine, Allan (2014). Toronto: Biography of a City. Madeira Park, British Columbia: Douglas & McIntyre. ISBN 978-1-77100022-2.
^ Colton 1990, p. 55.
^ a b Colton 1990, p. 56.
^ Colton 1990, pp. 58-59.
^ Levine 2014, p. 204.
^ Colton 1990, pp. 71–72.
^ Chidley, Joe; Hawelshka, Danilo. Toronto's struggle against amalgamation. Maclean's, 1997-03-17.
^ "Legislative Reports". Canadian Parliamentary Review.
^ "Sony Centre for the Performing Arts". The Canadian Encyclopedia.
Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto Act (Repealed in 2000)
Metro Toronto Act 1954 (revised 1988)
General outline
Notable Torontonians
Toronto Carrying-Place Trail
Fort Rouillé
Toronto Purchase
Battle of York
Battle of Montgomery's Tavern
Great Fire of 1849
1918 Toronto anti-Greek riot
Centennial of the City
Hurricane Hazel
2010 G20 Toronto summit
Toronto van attack
2018 Toronto shooting
National Historic Sites
Former municipalities
Ontario Peninsula
Great Lakes Megalopolis
Waterway system
Don River
Humber River
Rouge River
Ravine system
Leslie Street Spit
Scarborough Bluffs
Bay Street
Toronto Region Board of Trade
Toronto Stock Exchange
City of Toronto Act
Toronto government
Toronto Government and Public Services
Health and Toronto Public Health
Paramedic Services
Parks, Forestry and Recreation
Works and Emergency Services
Toronto District School Board
Conseil scolaire Viamonde
Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir
Collège Boréal
OCAD University
Tyndale University College and Seminary
University of Guelph-Humber
Toronto Public Library
List of Toronto Public Library branches
Toronto Tool Library
Asian events in Toronto
Fiction set in Toronto
Films set in Toronto
Let's All Hate Toronto
Hollywood North
Films shot in Toronto
Churches in Toronto
Synagogues in Toronto
Union Pearson Express
Other transportation services
Island Ferry
PortsToronto
East–West
North–South
Toronto Transportation Services
Government and politics of the former Metropolitan Toronto
Homes for the Aged
Hostel Services
Parks and Culture
Police Service and Board
Roads and Transportation
Transit Commission
Former municipalities of Toronto by year of amalgamation
Town of York
1883: Yorkville
1884: Brockton
1888: Seaton Village
1889: Parkdale
1890: Bedford Park
1905: Rosedale
1908: Deer Park
East Toronto
1909: Bracondale
West Toronto
1910: Dovercourt
Earlscourt
1912: Moore Park
North Toronto
Coordinates: 43°42′26″N 79°22′50″W / 43.7072°N 79.3805°W / 43.7072; -79.3805
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Toronto&oldid=904301813"
Urban planning in Canada
Populated places disestablished in 1998
1998 disestablishments in Ontario
Mergers of subdivisions in Canada
Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list


text:
The risk of endometrial cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. A prospective study
Mario E. Beiner, Amy Finch, Barry Rosen, Jan Lubinski, Pal Moller, Parviz Ghadirian, Henry T. Lynch, Eitan Friedman, Ping Sun, Steven A. Narod
Objective: To evaluate the risk of endometrial cancer in women who carry a deleterious mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Patients and methods: Women known to carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, aged 45 to 70, were identified from an international registry and were followed prospectively. A total of 857 women completed a baseline questionnaire and one or more follow-up questionnaires. Study subjects were followed until diagnosis of endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, death or the date of completion of the last questionnaire. The expected number of endometrial cancers was calculated using age and country-specific incidence rates. Results: After an average follow-up period of 3.3 years, six women were diagnosed with endometrial cancer, compared to 1.13 cancers expected (SIR = 5.3, p = 0.0011). Four of these six patients used tamoxifen in the past. The risk among women who were never exposed to tamoxifen treatment was not significantly elevated (SIR = 2.7, p = 0.17), but among the 226 participants who had used tamoxifen (220 as treatment and six for the primary prevention of breast cancer) the relative risk for endometrial cancer was 11.6 (p = 0.0004). Conclusion: The main contributor to the increased risk of endometrial cancer among BRCA carriers is tamoxifen treatment for a previous breast cancer. The risk and benefits of prophylactic hysterectomy should be discussed with women with a BRCA mutation considering tamoxifen therapy.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.08.004
10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.08.004
Dive into the research topics of 'The risk of endometrial cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. A prospective study'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Endometrial Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Tamoxifen Medicine & Life Sciences 86%
Prospective Studies Medicine & Life Sciences 62%
BRCA2 Gene Medicine & Life Sciences 23%
Breast Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 20%
Primary Prevention Medicine & Life Sciences 16%
Beiner, M. E., Finch, A., Rosen, B., Lubinski, J., Moller, P., Ghadirian, P., Lynch, H. T., Friedman, E., Sun, P., & Narod, S. A. (2007). The risk of endometrial cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. A prospective study. Gynecologic Oncology, 104(1), 7-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.08.004
The risk of endometrial cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. A prospective study. / Beiner, Mario E.; Finch, Amy; Rosen, Barry et al.
In: Gynecologic Oncology, Vol. 104, No. 1, 01.01.2007, p. 7-10.
Beiner, ME, Finch, A, Rosen, B, Lubinski, J, Moller, P, Ghadirian, P, Lynch, HT, Friedman, E, Sun, P & Narod, SA 2007, 'The risk of endometrial cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. A prospective study', Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 7-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.08.004
Beiner ME, Finch A, Rosen B, Lubinski J, Moller P, Ghadirian P et al. The risk of endometrial cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. A prospective study. Gynecologic Oncology. 2007 Jan 1;104(1):7-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.08.004
Beiner, Mario E. ; Finch, Amy ; Rosen, Barry et al. / The risk of endometrial cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. A prospective study. In: Gynecologic Oncology. 2007 ; Vol. 104, No. 1. pp. 7-10.
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title = "The risk of endometrial cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. A prospective study",
abstract = "Objective: To evaluate the risk of endometrial cancer in women who carry a deleterious mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Patients and methods: Women known to carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, aged 45 to 70, were identified from an international registry and were followed prospectively. A total of 857 women completed a baseline questionnaire and one or more follow-up questionnaires. Study subjects were followed until diagnosis of endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, death or the date of completion of the last questionnaire. The expected number of endometrial cancers was calculated using age and country-specific incidence rates. Results: After an average follow-up period of 3.3 years, six women were diagnosed with endometrial cancer, compared to 1.13 cancers expected (SIR = 5.3, p = 0.0011). Four of these six patients used tamoxifen in the past. The risk among women who were never exposed to tamoxifen treatment was not significantly elevated (SIR = 2.7, p = 0.17), but among the 226 participants who had used tamoxifen (220 as treatment and six for the primary prevention of breast cancer) the relative risk for endometrial cancer was 11.6 (p = 0.0004). Conclusion: The main contributor to the increased risk of endometrial cancer among BRCA carriers is tamoxifen treatment for a previous breast cancer. The risk and benefits of prophylactic hysterectomy should be discussed with women with a BRCA mutation considering tamoxifen therapy.",
author = "Beiner, {Mario E.} and Amy Finch and Barry Rosen and Jan Lubinski and Pal Moller and Parviz Ghadirian and Lynch, {Henry T.} and Eitan Friedman and Ping Sun and Narod, {Steven A.}",
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T1 - The risk of endometrial cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. A prospective study
AU - Beiner, Mario E.
AU - Finch, Amy
AU - Rosen, Barry
AU - Lubinski, Jan
AU - Moller, Pal
AU - Ghadirian, Parviz
AU - Lynch, Henry T.
AU - Friedman, Eitan
AU - Sun, Ping
AU - Narod, Steven A.
N2 - Objective: To evaluate the risk of endometrial cancer in women who carry a deleterious mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Patients and methods: Women known to carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, aged 45 to 70, were identified from an international registry and were followed prospectively. A total of 857 women completed a baseline questionnaire and one or more follow-up questionnaires. Study subjects were followed until diagnosis of endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, death or the date of completion of the last questionnaire. The expected number of endometrial cancers was calculated using age and country-specific incidence rates. Results: After an average follow-up period of 3.3 years, six women were diagnosed with endometrial cancer, compared to 1.13 cancers expected (SIR = 5.3, p = 0.0011). Four of these six patients used tamoxifen in the past. The risk among women who were never exposed to tamoxifen treatment was not significantly elevated (SIR = 2.7, p = 0.17), but among the 226 participants who had used tamoxifen (220 as treatment and six for the primary prevention of breast cancer) the relative risk for endometrial cancer was 11.6 (p = 0.0004). Conclusion: The main contributor to the increased risk of endometrial cancer among BRCA carriers is tamoxifen treatment for a previous breast cancer. The risk and benefits of prophylactic hysterectomy should be discussed with women with a BRCA mutation considering tamoxifen therapy.
AB - Objective: To evaluate the risk of endometrial cancer in women who carry a deleterious mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Patients and methods: Women known to carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, aged 45 to 70, were identified from an international registry and were followed prospectively. A total of 857 women completed a baseline questionnaire and one or more follow-up questionnaires. Study subjects were followed until diagnosis of endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, death or the date of completion of the last questionnaire. The expected number of endometrial cancers was calculated using age and country-specific incidence rates. Results: After an average follow-up period of 3.3 years, six women were diagnosed with endometrial cancer, compared to 1.13 cancers expected (SIR = 5.3, p = 0.0011). Four of these six patients used tamoxifen in the past. The risk among women who were never exposed to tamoxifen treatment was not significantly elevated (SIR = 2.7, p = 0.17), but among the 226 participants who had used tamoxifen (220 as treatment and six for the primary prevention of breast cancer) the relative risk for endometrial cancer was 11.6 (p = 0.0004). Conclusion: The main contributor to the increased risk of endometrial cancer among BRCA carriers is tamoxifen treatment for a previous breast cancer. The risk and benefits of prophylactic hysterectomy should be discussed with women with a BRCA mutation considering tamoxifen therapy.
U2 - 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.08.004
DO - 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.08.004
JO - Gynecologic Oncology
JF - Gynecologic Oncology


DAVID BOWIE IS HERE took over all of Broadway-Lafayette station, featuring over 40 unique pieces about the music icon's life in the neighborhood and New York City. The work covered a spectrum as broad as Bowie's category-defying career, including never-before-seen images from photographers such as Mick Rock and Masayoshi Sukita, personal artifacts from his archive, new commissioned pieces from longtime collaborators, staircases featuring Bowie's lyrics about New York City, and a 150-ft anamorphic centerpiece that shows Bowie from two eras. Each piece came accompanied with a Spotify code so commuters could listen to the David Bowie song it inspired. At launch, we released 250,000 David Bowie MetroCards—based on five different Bowie musical alter-egos—available only at Broadway-Lafayette.


Aspinal of London's collection of Leather Notepads and Folios are the perfect note-taking companion for business executives and students alike. Available in both A4 and A5 to suit your needs, our refillable pads sit within a suede-lined interior, adding an essence of luxury to the presentation of your work. Each portfolio is handmade in our workshops from superior leather and finished with an eye for detail, including business card slots and a pen loop.
For all the talented artists designers and photographers Aspinal have created a range of beautiful exclusive handmade art portfolios perfect for the photographer, graphic design , architecture drawings, fashion photography and presentation of all artworks painting, sketches and business presentations.
Aspinal's stunning leather portfolios simply ooze style, quality and elegance! Each leather portfolio is handmade in our workshops using the finest leather, solid brass Swiss made zips and lined in Aspinal's signature contrasting soft-suede and moire silk.
Portfolios are a critical part of presenting your art works in the business and creative arena. For people in the creative industries, art portfolios are a necessity for transporting and presenting artwork, photography and other design work. For executives, leather portfolios and personalised portfolios for writing convey professionalism. For marketers and tradeshow exhibitors, personalised portfolios can be used as giveaways or prizes.
Art portfolios protect your creative works - from getting bent, scratched, faded or otherwise damaged.
Presentation portfolios allow you to show off your past projects, artwork, photography or other design work.
Leather portfolios and padfolios let you keep all your notes, neatly in one place and support your business needs at meetings and research.
Personalised portfolios add that extra touch and make a lasting impression to clients, customers or top achievers on your staff.


Overwatch Contenders Pacific team Cyclone Coupling showed off a clever Wrecking Ball tactic during their quarter-final match against Talon Esports.
Cyclone Coupling were set up to defend on the high ground of the second point on Hanamura. Their set-up featured a Bastion behind an Orisa shield, capable of dealing immense damage but also likely to be dangerously exposed once the enemy pushed.
In order to make it a little harder for Talon to dive onto the Bastion, however, Lin 'Ely' HongZheng's Wrecking Ball was set up such that he could spin in circles on the spot, knocking the approaching enemies back.
This tactic was accomplished by having Wrecking Ball connect his Grappling Claw to the floor beneath the platform, allowing him to act as if swinging from the hook despite being on a flat surface.
Another Overwatch player, Beybarro, demonstrated how this is done, as well as showing off potential spots for the technique on a variety of maps.
Though the rope tying Wrecking Ball to his claw can pass through surfaces, the claw itself cannot, so Wrecking Ball must find an angle to fire it to the lower level before making his way up without disconnecting it.
In the case of the Hanamura spot that Cyclone Coupling utilized, this means firing it from the front balcony of the building before travelling through the corridor to the defense point.
While this tactic does require a little bit of set-up before the enemy arrive, it can be very disruptive to opponents attempting to assault a particular location, and is likely to catch many off-guard.


Photographing birds involves a little bit of luck and skill. But, you have a better chance of capturing a picture of birds if you scope out the bird's nest. Usually at least one parent is near or at the nest at all times. So, how do you photograph birds on a nest?
Well, you first need to scope out the area where you plan on taking the photographs. Many birds go back to the same nests every year. So, you should communicate with locals about where they have seen the birds if you are new to the area.
Scope out the area on Google Maps to narrow down your search area. Also, do a Google search for bird's nest in the area that you are going to visit. Sometimes people post GPS coordinates for birds' nests, which you can input into your phone or handheld GPS unit.
Once you know where to look, it's time to gather up your equipment. You definitely need a good telephoto lens. Go for something larger than 200 mm. You often have to zoom high into the trees, especially for birds of prey. You also need a tripod. Your photographs will look fuzzy if you try to hold the tripod steady without assistance. You may also need a lens support, which is a device that connects to the lens and goes over your neck.
Invest in a carrying case. You are going to be hiking into the woods to find your birds, and your equipment is going to get heavy. But, you definitely need all of it.
Once you have your equipment and know where you are going, it's time to start considering taking your photographs. Pick what time you want to take your images. Remember that nature photographs often look the best either early in the morning or late in the afternoon. If your only choice is during the middle of the day, bring some filters with you, especially polarizing or UV filters to reduce sun glare. Avoid using the flash if you can. It can spook the birds, and it also can wash out their natural color.
Birds are going to stay in stationary for very long. So, you may do best to place your camera on the Action or Continuous shooting settings. This will speed up the shutter speed. If you capturing images in the evening, increase the ISO to at least 800 to let in more light.
Find a place where you can setup your equipment without any obstructions. Then, you just have to have patience. You are probably going to spook the birds when you first show up. But, they should settle down the longer that you are there.
Have patience, and take lots of photographs. Bring extra memory cards and batteries just in case. Take photographs in different seasons. Winter is really great for contrasts. And, just have fun.


text:
V&D VandD - Credit: Picture: Wikimedia Commons/Dqfn13
Kalvertoren
V&D
V&D to exit Amsterdam Kalvertoren
V&D is departing from the Kalvertoren shopping center, from where they sell stationary and greeting cards. The struggling department store, which invariably denies wanting to close branches, has canceled the lease, according to owner Kroonenberg. "They have already cancelled", says Lesley Bamberger of the Kroonenberg Group, recently the owner of Kalvertoren. But they still have a contract for two years. We will definitely keep them to it." There haven't been a discussion between V&D and the Kroonbergen Group yet. "A deal is a deal. The leases are clear and we will discuss it with V&D in line with that." According to V&D the lease of the Kalvertoren was already cancelled by the previous owner of the mall when it was extended in 2013. "The focus is on the main premises of V&D in Kalverstraat, which we are going to renew this year", says a spokesperson. "This innovation is in line with current strategy." According to the spokesperson, the closure of the space in the Kalvertoren will not lead to job losses.


As the end of financial year approaches, many of us start having a headache as we need to send investment proofs to our HR department or else our salary gets deducted. Therefore, in order to save taxes, we invest in any tax-saving instruments that we find without thinking much. Our primary goal remains saving tax and fulfil the tax exemption requirements. Suddenly, it becomes immaterial if these investments suit our requirements or not. Once the tax season passes, we feel relieved.
Nonetheless, it is a grave investment mistake if you do not plan for your income tax properly. Any haphazard investment in the last moment leads to sub-optimal returns. If you had planned your tax investment properly, it would have been a source of great wealth once you retire. For example, if you had invested Rs. 12,500 every month or Rs. 1,50,000 every year for the next 30 years and we assume a return of 12%, your total fund value would be around Rs. 4.4 crore at the end of 30 years. What this means is that, if you do not plan you may lose this opportunity to build this enormous wealth in a simpler manner.
If this is so simple, what stops us from making such a wise financial decision? The problem is a lack of understanding of the long-term implication of such planning and pure procrastination. Hence, the first step is to get out of your inertia and plan. The planning should be started at the start of the year and not in the final quarter of the financial year. By opting SIP route, you can bring in the discipline to your approach. Next, select two mutual funds and start your SIP journey.
Proper tax planning and investing helps you target two goals. First, it helps you in reducing your tax incidence and second is to build wealth for the long term.


Mac OS X 10.5... Intel only? PPC?
Discussion in 'macOS' started by hugotron, Jan 10, 2006.
What do you think of it? Will Mac OS X 10.5 support Intel and PPC machines, or will it be Intelexclusive? Has somebody any idea about this?
I seriously doubt 10.5 will be Intel only. There are too many G4s and G5s out there.
so I mean then two more years for 10.6 or 11 ... I would assume they'd jump to 11 and mac it intel only. I guess it would also depend on when they sell the last G4/G3 ... don't forget your mac doesn't break just because ... gasp its not running the newest software ... I still have a win 98 pc running at home, why? because it does everything my dad needs and he doesn't complain about it.
its going to be both cuz i dont think everyone will be on intel by the time .5 comes out.
Concur - Given other transition timelines, and just the simple reality that Mitthrawnuruodo points out, there are likely to be years of OS releases that are going to work on either. We see the Mac software moving to universal binary (for example if you buy iLife '06, it works without Rosetta on either the Intel or PPC machines) - I would expect to see that for years to come.
Like with the G3 comment, I think there's more likely to come a point when my dual G4 system with its 4x AGP card, etc. is simply too performance limited to run the universal binary at what I would consider to be an acceptable rate. Again - years off. That's the point I would have upgraded to a new PPC machine (if there had been no intel switch) anyway.
I would have to say no. At most they will have 10% of all there Macs out there having Intel prosessers, why would they release something that big to that small of a market? That would not be a good business move for apple. I could see them doing that when 40-50% of Macs out in the world have x86 in them.
I would bet that the PowerPC will at the minimum be supported (in first party software) for at least three years from the date the last PowerPC product from Apple ships. Whatever the Mac OS X updates happen during the lifetime of that product (10.5 and 10.6 most likely) will be compiled for the both the PowerPC and Intel architectures.
I wouldn't be surprised if Apple continues to develop Mac OS X on the the PowerPC platform just for the sake of processor independence. The PowerPC is not dead yet, and who knows which company may want to revive it five years from now.
I'm not sure, but it looks like after developers port their code to Xcode—maintaining both PowerPC and Intel updates shouldn't be that big of a deal.
You're looking at at least until 2009 - 2010 before ppc is not supported imho.
When Steve Jobs announced the switch to Intel, Apple stated that it would support its PPC-based Macs for five years after the transition was complete.
There are people who will buy Quad G5s today. Those machines are not going to be considered slow for a long time, and it would be in developer's best interest to support PowerPC machines such as those for as long as practical. Obsoleting so many machines too quickly is not going to make people have a high opinion of Apple.
move the disk from the old PPC machine to the new Intel machine. I don't want to reinstall all my applications on a new system, so I won't upgrade until I can do that.
to me 10.5 is universal, so is 10.6 but 10.7 might not be. well, looking at apple's past, apple still supported OS 9's programs with classic even now, so universal binaries might extend even farther than 10.6 then.
10.5 will support PPC no doubt about it. The transition will only just finish at year end, which is around the same time Leopard will be released.
Whether 10.6 will support it is a more difficult question to answer.
While I am not particularly pleased with the switch to Intel, I understand why. However, with that said, Apple has done a great job making XCode universal. Many programs you write can be ported as universal with little more than a simple re-compile.
Anyone remember the VirtualPC problem when it came to the G5? One problem you potentially run into when going to a new processor is specifics of a particular architecture. Case in point, When IBM released the G5, it lacked the ability to go from Big Endian to Little Endian and vise versa. This was a feature that was unique only to Motorola's PowerPC. Now, Developers had to start to pay a little attention to that issue then, but as the G5 is Little Endian, and Intel is Big Endian, any developer optimizing code for both processors will essentially have to write code twice. The same can be said about Altivec and SSE.
If you introduce a third architecture, you will probably force developers to once again go through this exercise when it comes to very high performance apps.
Long and short, If there is a new super-duper non-Intel chip somewhere down the line, Apple needs to just make sure that it will make it worth the transition again.
While this is good for the hardware side of Apple, how many people here wonder if it is going to eventually hurt or kill off OS X? I don't like this transition at all.
You are terribly, terribly confused. IIRC, the PPC can be either big endian or little endian. The Motorola 680x0 was big endian. Intel processes are little endian, not big endian. Prior to the PPC 970 (aka G5), the PPC from Motorola and IBM had an instruction that switched endians. The G5 goes either way, but lacks the instruction to make the switch. Running MacOS X, the G5 is big endian. Running Win NT/PPC, the G5 is little endian.
I don't know how many times people will have to be reminded that universal binaries are not new. OpenSTEP ran on several different processors, not just two. There is no reason to believe that Apple will ever limit MacOS X to a single processor. It never did so in the past. Once the developer base converts to Universal Binaries, it will have to reason to do so in the future.
Most likely I am BASS Ackwards on which processor is which Endian. I am bad about that.
It'll definately be for both, but I imagine we'll start seeing some Intel only features.
Considering I just got my Mac Mini I hope the day PPC is not supported is the day that even if it was My Mac couldn't run the newer OS X versions.


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Loic Courteau Speaks About Lucas Pouille's Injury and Season
by HARESH | VIEW 946
Tennis - Loic Courteau, the coach of Lucas Pouille, says that the French tennis player has been suffering from elbow pain throughout the Asian swing post the US Open which has resulted in him ending his season early. In an interview to L'Equipe, Courteau says, "Lucas has had elbow pain Lucas on the whole Asian tour, it came little by little.
Examinations revealed bone edema. We did not want to take the risk so that it does not get worse. Basically, it takes four weeks to stop without forcing pressure on the elbow." Speaking about his 2019 season, Courteau says, "We realize that when he is well, in confidence, his great potential causes him to make big shots.
A Grand Slam semifinal (at the Australian Open), it's fantastic. But on a full season, it is not consistent enough. The first goal was to make him more consistent. We do not know too much the effect of this flu at the beginning of the year after Melbourne.
It made him completely flat, it cut his momentum. When you no longer have the confidence, you start to doubt, you go off again in a cycle while you left on a very good basis. The goal for a boy like Lucas is to be much more consistent.
The more you earn consistently and you make good results, the more often you play with the best, the more chances you have to beat them. This year, there have been ups and downs." Speaking about the Frenchman's game, Courteau adds, "I would say that trust brings him plan B.
I mean by that his game must be more consistent. This consistency he has with confidence. In Australia, he controlled his game, he did not hit everything. When he is not confident, he does not control his game, the important points ...
We tried to work on it. It is not acquired yet. This is not enough today. That's the job we still have to do. Lucas had a semi-final in a Grand Slam and many other very good results in his career. That means he did not make it by chance.
He has the potential to redo it. At one point or another, if he is in his element, there is no reason. Anyway, you have to work, work, work. We must avoid these air holes, who, as Amélie (Mauresmo) may have said, are sometimes linked to frustration.
There must be a lot less. He has just got married, the planets are beginning to line up, he is getting better and better in his life."
How much will the Olympics affect Roger Federer's 2020 schedule?


What is Article 32 of the Horizon 2020 Model Grant Agreement and what does it foresee?
The H2020 Annotated Model Grant Agreement (General MGA: August 2014) devotes Art. 32 to 'Recruitment and Working Conditions for Researchers'. This article is not an evaluation criterion; therefore it does not help institutions when applying for H2020 funding. However, as specified under Chapter 6, following a check, audit, extension of audit findings, review or OLAF investigation, the H2020 grant beneficiary may be requested to provide evidence that Art. 32 has been duly applied. Within this frame, the HR logo may be considered a proof â though not the only one - of the implementation of the C&C principles.


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Home / Diplomatic Pouch / Local News / Latvian Celebration of Women
Latvian Celebration of Women
On the occasion of International Women's Day, Ambassador of Latvia Ms Baiba Braže hosted an evening to celebrate the contribution women have made to politics, business and diplomacy. Guest speaker for the event that took place on 9 March at the Embassy was The Rt Hon Baroness Neville-Rolfe, Commercial Secretary to the Treasury.
Ideally placed to host such an event, over 70 per cent of employees at the Latvian Embassy are currently women. Baroness Neville-Rolfe stated that with Teresa May as the second ever female Prime Minister, there has never been a better time to celebrate women. With an impressive CV herself, Baroness Neville-Rolfe served as Minister of State for Energy and Intellectual Property at the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy in 2016. She previously served on the Board of Directors for Tesco and was appointed a Life Peer in 2013. She has passed six bills through the House of Lords in past year. Baroness Neville-Rolfe highlighted the major priorities for her current role with the Treasury: the deficit left as a legacy of the financial crisis; improving national productivity and making a success of Brexit.
Drawing on her experience in government and business, Baroness Neville-Rolfe outlined her tips for being successful and happy at work, while keeping in mind the challenges associated with working women and having children.
The evening raised funds for Marta Centre, a non-governmental organisation that provides support to women in Latvia – including non-citizens and migrants, women with low income and unemployed women, female victims of human trafficking and of domestic violence.
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TRAVEL: A new travel concept
TRAVEL: STAYCATION ISOLATION
DIPLOMATIC CONCIERGE: Residence apartments for diplomats in one of Mayfair's few remaining family-owned properties


Financial technology company CommonBond has raised $50 million and plans to use this funding to advance its growth and pursue additional investments in technology, such as blockchain to heighten the security of its clients' information. CommonBond is an online lender that provides financing and refinancing options for students. The Series D financing effort was led by Fifth Third Capital Holdings, LLC, and other participants included First Republic Bank and Columbia Seligman Investments.
Prior investors have included August Capital, Neuberger Berman, and Nyca Partners, as well as individual investors Vikram Pandit, former CEO of Citigroup, and Tom Glocer, former CEO of Thomson Reuters. Including this latest round, CommonBond has raised a total of more than $130 million. This is its first financing round since 2016 and the largest funding round in its history.
"This round of equity powers our expansion as a leader in fintech, enabling more ways for us to improve the financial health of our members," David Klein, CEO and co-founder of CommonBond, said in a press release.
It's no secret that CommonBond's main focus is to serve its customers by utilizing top of the line technology.
CommonBond has focused on great customer service, discipline, and technology to position itself as a leading fintech in the education world, according to Klein. Earlier this year, CommonBond was named as the most innovative company in education by Fast Company. It also earned Fast Company's nod on a list of the World's 50 Most Innovative Companies.
Fifth Third opted to lead CommonBond's financing round partially because it recognizes that student loan debt is a huge issue for millennials and wants to help them tackle that challenge.
"CommonBond has built an industry-leading digital proposition that delivers a memorable experience and helps its members save thousands on their student loans so they can finance their dreams," Tim Spence, Fifth Third Bank's head of payments, strategy, and digital solutions, said in a press release.
CommonBond helps students finance their education no matter what phase they are in. They work with new students who are looking for private student loans.
They also offer student loan refinancing options for graduated students who are looking for a more competitive interest rate. Right now, CommonBond's refinance loan offers rates as low as 2.54% for variable-rate loans and 3.14% for fixed-rate loans.
So far, more than $1.5 billion in student loans have been funded through CommonBond.
CommonBond also has a platform called CommonBond for Business which focuses on student loan benefits for employees – more specifically, it lets employers kick in on paying off their employees' student loans. More than 200 partners have signed up for that program so far.
The company also focuses on its charitable work. It has given more than $800,000 to its nonprofit partner, Pencils of Promise, in order to help ensure children can obtain the educations they need.
CommonBond had a successful 2017 and it appears to be poised for more growth in 2018. Last year, the company had a 250 percent growth in year-over-year revenue, beating its income projections.
It also recently closed an AAA-rated securitization – the first for the company.


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After a bad blind date, a man and woman find themselves stuck together at a resort for families, where their attractions grows as their respective kids benefit from the burgeoning relationship.
In December 2004, close-knit family Maria, Henry and their three sons begin their winter vacation in Thailand. But the day after Christmas, the idyllic holiday turns into an incomprehensible nightmare when a terrifying roar rises from the depths of the sea, followed by a wall of black water that devours everything in its path. Though Maria and her family face their darkest hour, unexpected displays of kindness and courage ameliorate their terror.
Hoping to bring his family closer together and to recreate his childhood vacation for his own kids, a grown up Rusty Griswold takes his wife and their two sons on a cross-country road trip to the coolest theme park in America, Walley World. Needless to say, things don't go quite as planned.
Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie
Powerful magic cast by Alex spells trouble for the Russo's. The kids must go on an adventure to save their family and their existence.
Husband and wife Gabe and Adelaide Wilson take their kids to their beach house expecting to unplug and unwind with friends. But as night descends, their serenity turns to tension and chaos when some shocking visitors arrive uninvited.
Cheaper by the Dozen 2
Steve Martin and Bonnie Hunt return as heads of the Baker family who, while on vacation, find themselves in competition with a rival family of eight children, headed by Eugene Levy,
Climbing aboard their mammoth recreational vehicle for a cross-country road trip to the Colorado Rockies, the McNeive family – led by dysfunctional patriarch, Bob – prepares for the adventure of a lifetime. But spending two weeks together in one seriously small space has a way of cramping their style.
A comedy centered on the life of Kate Reddy, a finance executive who is the breadwinner for her husband and two kids.
Clark Griswold is on a quest to take his family on a quest to Walley World theme park for a vacation, but things don't go exactly as planned.
Workaholic Jim Evers and his wife/business partner Sara get a call one night from a mansion owner, Edward Gracey, who wants to sell his house. Once the Evers family arrive at the mansion, a torrential thunderstorm of mysterious origin strands them with the brooding, eccentric Gracey, his mysterious butler, and a variety of residents both seen and unseen.
National Lampoon's European Vacation
The Griswalds win a vacation to Europe on a game show, and so pack their bags for the continent. They do their best to catch the flavor of Europe, but they just don't know how to be be good tourists. Besides, they have trouble taking holidays in countries where they CAN speak the language.
A doctor desperately tries to save his wife and their 5 year old son after their vacation in the Bahamas takes an unexpected turn.
Barely escaping an avalanche during a family ski vacation in the Alps, a married couple is thrown into disarray as they are forced to reevaluate their lives and how they feel about each other.
While holidaying in the French Alps, a Swedish family deals with acts of cowardliness as an avalanche breaks out.
The Proud Family Movie
Penny and her family are lured on an all expenses paid vacation where a mad scientist captures them, refusing to let them go because Oscar won't reveal his on of his secret Proud Snacks formulas.
Summer Rental
Jack Chester, an overworked air traffic controller, takes his family on vacation to the beach. Things immediately start to go wrong for the Chesters, and steadily get worse. Jack ends up in a feud with a local yachtsman, and has to race him to regain his pride and family's respect.
Atrocious
Quintanilla family was found dead in their country side house. Police reported the existence of 37 hours of recorded evidence. The family traveled to their old farm house, where they investigated about the Legend of the Girl in the Garraf woods. They used to record whatever they did. Atrocious shows the last five days of this family, and the strange situations that they lived in those moments and which remain unexplained.
Dil Dhadakne Do
On a cruise to celebrate their parents' 30th wedding anniversary, a brother and sister deal with the impact of family considerations on their romantic lives.
A Very Brady Sequel
A man claiming to be Carol Brady's long-lost first husband, Roy Martin, shows up at the suburban Brady residence one evening. An impostor, the man is actually determined to steal the Bradys' familiar horse statue, a $20-million ancient Asian artifact.
Mr. Hobbs Takes a Vacation
Banker Roger Hobbs wants to spend his vacation alone with his wife, Peggy, but she insists on a family vacation at a California beach house that turns out to be ugly and broken down. Daughter Katey, embarrassed by her braces, refuses to go to the beach, as does TV-addicted son Danny. When the family is joined by Hobbs' two unhappily married daughters and their husbands, he must help everyone with their problems to get some peace.


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Reuben Quinn
Indigenous Canada
Indigenous Canada is a 12-lesson Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) from the Faculty of Native Studies that explores the different histories and contemporary perspectives of Indigenous peoples living in Canada. From an Indigenous perspective, this course explores complex experiences Indigenous peoples face today from a historical and critical perspective highlighting national and local Indigenous-settler relations. Topics for the 12 lessons include the fur trade and other exchange relationships, land claims and environmental impacts, legal systems and rights, political conflicts and alliances, Indigenous political activism, and contemporary Indigenous life, art and its expressions.
Politics, Art, Human Rights and Allyship, History, Indigenous Studies
Such important information for us all. This course was eye-opening and should really be taken by every Canadian. The course flows along nicely and is easy to navigate. I am better for having taken it.
I really enjoyed the course! So much I didn't know about the history. I also didn't have a true understanding why there is so much discourse between Indigenous people and government. Total eye opener.
In this introductory module, students learn the significance of stories and storytelling in Indigenous societies. We explore history that comes from Indigenous worldviews, this includes worldviews from the Inuit, Nehiyawak, Kanien:keha'ka and Tlingit peoples.
Introduction12:35
Storytelling10:22
Indigenous Worldviews16:39
Reuben Quinn11:28
Chelsea Vowel
Assistan Lecturer
[MUSIC] Hello. I would like to speak about, a few things as far as the Nehiyaw culture is concerned, Nehiyaw language. That I was, privy to learning about, in the past few decades. I was thinking about the wonderful work that people do, at the different levels of education. Primarily here and in Regina, Saskatoon, at about how they do research on morphemes, morphology. And, I was very, privileged again, to have come across some words that spoke to me, about worldview, as far as Nehiyaw life is concerned. And one of the things that I came across was, I am going to be using this, and what I'll do is use the spirit markers. We call the spirit markers ahcâhkipehikanak. ahcâhk is a spirit. pehikan, part of that morpheme marker, spirit markers. So that's what we were given here, and it was reintroduced about, 44 years ago, after residential school. One of the things that I came across was a word. [MUSIC] Which means a sacred spirit, kîsik, the sacred spirit. And there are different types of sacred spirits. I was talking to, a knowledgeable person about this, and one of the sacred spirits that's probably we need right now, today, is tânimayikohk ehakimiht anohc, what's the date today? May 9th? [LAUGH] May 9th today, and there's people that are asking for this one sacred spirit to, help out in northern Alberta here, at a place called nistawâyâw what's called Fort McMurray now. That sacred spirit they're asking is, piyesiw. piyesiw is the thunder being. And what is piyesiw? A sacred spirit. So we say, piyesiw is, [MUSIC] okîsikôw, there's kîsik, a sacred spirit, then there's okîsikôw, the sun is a sacred spirit. The wind is a sacred spirit. The Earth, a sacred spirit. So, okîsikôw, and there's many, many, sacred spirits, that were given to us here to utilize. And, when we have an event, [MUSIC] Every few hours there's an event. [difficult to discern]. Over here, sâkâskenohk. sâkâskenohk. We say where the sacred spirit, kîsikâw'pîsim, comes up. It makes a light and then it goes down over here. That light it makes, we call that event, [SOUND] kîsikâw. kîsikâw is what we call that event, and it's a spirit, a spiritual event, because the morpheme kîsik, is in there as well. Sacred spirit, kîsik. And so, [MUSIC] When we have that, the vulgar translation is daytime for kîsikâw. But our interpretation is that, it is an event which is a time for, spirit. So, we're often encouraged to be, enthusiastic about it. What we do is, we observe this life with this apparatus, [MUSIC] One of the seven holes in our head. [MUSIC] We call this, miskîsik. miskîsik. And, it's a tool to help me to observe the spirit. The spiritual event. So that kîsik again is in there. kîsik. okîsikâw. okîsikôw, sorry. okîsikôw. And then there's kîsikâw, the daytime sacred spirit, a specific sacred spirit, okîsikôw. kîsik, a sacred spirit general. miskîsik, there's that kîsik again. What I observe the world with, is in there. So. [MUSIC] There is a general sacred spirit, kîsik, the morpheme. Then there's okîsikôw, that's a specific sacred spirit. [MUSIC] And I'm not too good at English, and translating this kîsikâw, so that's a sacred spirit event. But the, [MUSIC] A sacred spirit happening. And, like I said, the vulgar translation for that is, daytime. miskîsik, that which I observe the earth with, the life, the sky. kîsikâw, that which I observe, all of life with this apparatus. miskîsik so. [speaking in Cree/difficult to discern]. What had we said, there's that miskîsik. Anyways, I forgotten what we said about that one, but maybe some. [MUSIC] So, the translation for that is eyeball. What I'm going to do is, I'm going to take this and put Roman orthography, the translation over here of these ones. There's kîsikâw. [MUSIC] There should be a marker there. And then there's, miskîsik. [MUSIC] So, the common morpheme in there is kîsik, is in all of these. For those of you that don't read spirit markers. So that's our worldview. And in the beginning when I started, I said. I said that, I would like to implore in a sacred manner, and I only mimic what I've heard in ceremony. [MUSIC] And so I ask that divine being, that we understand. We have a name for the divine being. That name for that divine being, we call [MUSIC] âyi. So I began by imploring this being, to help me here, as I am not altogether confident about, where I am, as far as the language and the culture is concerned. So I asked for help, when I would talk about this. This is our name for that divine being. If you go into Nehiyaw ceremony, where they have fluent speakers, fluent and knowledgeable speakers, you'll hear in ceremony, they'll always begin like this. They'll always always go, âyi. Then they'll begin their invocation. They'll begin imploring. [MUSIC]


The Conover + Gould team will be donating to eleven nonprofits in the spirit of giving back during the holiday season. During the month of December, each team member will be blogging about his or her chosen nonprofit. For his gift, Erik chose Food Allergy Research & Education.
Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE) is dedicated to finding a cure for food allergies and keeping those with allergies safe and included. Growing up, I loved eating peanut butter. I ate a peanut butter and jelly sandwich pretty much every day and Reese's were my favorite candy. One day, I started to feel a sore throat after finishing my sandwich.When I noticed that this was happening more and more, my parents took me for an allergy test. Sure enough, I had developed an allergy to peanut butter. While my allergies have yet to strengthen to the point where I am at risk for a severe reaction to peanuts, many are not so lucky. 15 million Americans have food allergies, and many are at risk for serious life-threatening reactions. 1 in 13 children in America are affected. And it's not just peanuts, since most foods are capable of causing a reaction. However, 90% of food-related allergic reactions come from peanuts, tree nuts, milk, egg, wheat, soy, fish and shellfish. The danger is complicated by the fact that many food companies manufacture their foods on the same machinery as common food allergens, so people who are at-risk struggle to safely eat foods that we take for granted. For almost two decades, FARE has been the world's largest private funding source for food allergy research. They help fund research to discover new cures and develop treatments. They also provide families with information such as newsletters, workshops and conferences so they can help people manage living with these allergens. To donate to this cause, please click here.


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HIV is transmitted in only three ways: through unprotected sexual intercourse, heterosexual or homosexual; through blood or blood products, donated semen or organs; or from an infected mother to her child (vertical or mother-to-child transmission). More than 70% of infections are a result of heterosexual transmission and over 90% of infections in children result from mother-to-child transmission4,10,11.
Although the HIV epidemic is centred in the developing world, AIDS has also become a leading cause of death for young women in the United States of America (USA)12,13,14. In developed countries, HIV seropositive women are more likely to be intravenous drug users, partners of drug users or bisexual men, or be involved in sex work 15,16,17. In one American study, 47% of mothers of HIV-infected infants were intravenous drug users, and 22% reported sex with an intravenous drug user18.
The situation is very different in developing countries, where heterosexual transmission is the predominant mode of spread. Southern Africa is the most affected region1. In Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe, over 10% of women attending antenatal clinics in urban areas are HIV-positive, with rates of almost 60% in some sites1, 10, 19, 20, 21 . To date, Africa has been the centre of the epidemic but a rapid rise in infection rates has been seen in south-east Asia. In Thailand, prevalence in women in antenatal clinics has climbed from 0% in 1989 to 2.3% in 1995 and continues to rise. Similar increases are reported from some Indian cities, Latin America and the Caribbean10. While prevalence rates in antenatal women have been taken as a good indication of the rate of infection in communities22, 23 sentinel surveillance at antenatal clinics may underestimate the population prevalence, as shown in a study in the Mwanza district of the United Republic of Tanzania, where the prevalence in antenatal attenders was below that of the general population by a factor of 0.7524. A decrease in the fertility of HIV-infected women, both from subfertility and from increased early pregnancy loss, as reported from the Rakai district in Uganda, may exacerbate this underestimation25.
In urban Uganda there has been a reported decrease in the prevalence of HIV infections in pregnant women over the past few years. The 20% drop in prevalence is thought to be due to behaviour change following aggressive AIDS education campaigns26.


Teacher Lucy Popson's Third Grade "Caring Crew" revitalizes their school garden in Tucson, Arizona.
The NLI Model Classroom Program is now in its third year, and teachers across the country are challenging their students to respond to real issues in their schools and communities. Following are two examples of how Model Classroom teachers are using the greater context of addressing real world problems to cultivate critical thinking habits, as well as reinforce reading, writing, math and other fundamental skills.
Lucy Popson in Tuscon, Arizona is challenging her third graders to identify a local need and work collaboratively to advocate for and take action on the issue. As students prepare for this challenge, they are active "Caring Crew" members, a team that is invested in the school through projects including teaching other students and revitalizing the school garden; and responsive to the community through fundraisers for the Humane Society and "Days of Caring" that meet locals needs, such as leaf raking for elderly citizens. Read more about Lucy's work on the Model Classroom blog, here.
Across the country in Warren, Vermont, Katie Sullivan is asking her students a tough question: Should their town place a parcel of land forever into conservation, or open it up for development? 3rd and 4th Grade students at Warren Elementary will have to make a decision, then persuade their Town Council during a public meeting. Read more about Katie's work here.
Stay tuned as more inspiring projects are introduced in the upcoming weeks and months.


Technology is driving change and has forced businesses across all sectors to either come up with new ways to accelerate business, or maintain the status quo and get left behind.
It has paved the way for new companies like peer-to-peer insurance startup, Pineapple, but also for new partnerships with established companies in the industry, such as Brolink. The Pineapple model, among the first of its kind in South Africa, is driven by three 20-somethings who have bravely challenged the conventional insurance value proposition.
Brolink CFO Kush Padia says the company is excited about being signed on as partner. "Being chosen by Pineapple and other digitally-enabled brokers affirms the great strides made by Brolink to enable the insurance of the future." Digital transformation is at the centre of the Brolink purpose, he says, which will naturally enhance the customer-value proposition.
Speaking of the new partnership, Pineapple co-founder Marnus van Heerden says, "Brolink has been an amazing partner," and commends the administrator's tech-orientated vision, which makes for an improved user-experience and ease of access. "This aligns 100% with Pineapple's outlook for the future," he notes.
The company continues to invest in its proprietary insurance administration system, Websure, which handles all back-end insurance administration, including real-time multi-quoting, policy issuing, renewals and administration, claims lifecycle handling and evaluation.


This big novel spans three timeframes. At the core is World war II and its impact on three generations of Italian and New Zealand families. The riddle of present day characters' lives is interpreted and understood against the backdrop of what went on in Northern Italy between 1942-44.