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Chemical ecology is the study of chemically-mediated interactions between living organisms, and the effects of those interactions on the demography, behavior and ultimately evolution of the organisms involved. It is thus a vast and highly interdisciplinary field. Chemical ecologists seek to identify the specific molecules (i.e. semiochemicals) that function as signals mediating community or ecosystem processes and to understand the evolution of these signals. The substances that serve in such roles are typically small, readily-diffusible organic molecules, but can also include larger molecules and small peptides.

In practice, chemical ecology relies extensively on chromatographic techniques, such as thin-layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography, to isolate and identify bioactive metabolites. To identify molecules with the sought-after activity, chemical ecologists often make use of bioassay-guided fractionation. Today, chemical ecologists also incorporate genetic and genomic techniques to understand the biosynthetic and signal transduction pathways underlying chemically-mediated interactions.

Plant chemical ecology

Plant chemical ecology focuses on the role of chemical cues and signals in mediating interactions of plants with their biotic environment (e.g. microorganisms, phytophagous insects, and pollinators).

Plant-insect interactions

The chemical ecology of plant-insect interaction is a significant subfield of chemical ecology. In particular, plants and insects are often involved in a chemical evolutionary arms race. As plants develop chemical defenses to herbivory, insects which feed on them evolve immunity to these poisons, and in some cases, repurpose these poisons for their own chemical defense against predators. For example, caterpillars of the monarch butterfly sequester cardenolide toxins from their milkweed host-plants and are able to use them as an anti-predator defense. Whereas most insects are killed by cardenolides, which are potent inhibitors of the Na+/K+-ATPase, monarchs have evolved resistance to the toxin over their long evolutionary history with milkweeds. Other examples of sequestration include the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta,  which use nicotine sequestered from tobacco plants in predator defense; and the bella moth, which secretes a quinone-containing froth to deter predators obtained from feeding on Crotalaria plants as a caterpillar.

Chemical ecologists also study chemical interactions involved in indirect defenses of plants, such as the attraction of predators and parasitoids through herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Plant-microbe interactions

Plant interactions with microorganisms are also mediated by chemistry. Both constitutive and induced secondary metabolites are involved in plant defense against pathogens and chemical signals are also important in the establishment and maintenance of resource mutualisms. For example, both rhizobia and mycorrhizae depend on chemical signals, such as strigolactones and flavanoids exuded from plant roots, in order to find a suitable host.

For microbes to gain access to the plant, they must be able to penetrate the layer of wax that forms a hydrophobic barrier on the plant's surface. Many plant-pathogenic microbes secrete enzymes that break down these cuticular waxes. Mutualistic microbes on the other hand may be granted access. For example, rhizobia secrete Nod factors that trigger the formation of an infection thread in receptive plants. The rhizobial symbionts can then travel through this infection thread to gain entrance to root cells.

Mycorrhizae and other fungal endophytes may also benefit their host plants by producing antibiotics or other secondary metabolites that ward off harmful fungi, bacteria and herbivores in the soil. Some entomopathogenic fungi can also form endophytic relationships with plants and may even transfer nitrogen directly to plants from insects they consume in the surrounding soil.

Plant-plant interactions

Allelopathy

Many plants produce secondary metabolites (known as allelochemicals) that can inhibit the growth of neighboring plants. Many examples of allelopathic competition have been controversial due to the difficulty of positively demonstrating a causal link between allelopathic substances and plant performance under natural conditions, but it is widely accepted that phytochemicals are involved in competitive interactions between plants. One of the clearest examples of allelopathy is the production of juglone by walnut trees, whose strong competitive effects on neighboring plants were recognized in the ancient world as early as 36 BC.

Plant-plant communication

Plants communicate with each other through both airborne and below-ground chemical cues. For example, when damaged by an herbivore, many plants emit an altered bouquet of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Various C6 fatty acids and alcohols (sometimes known as green leaf volatiles) are often emitted from damaged leaves, since they are break-down products of plant cell membranes. These compounds (familiar to many as the smell of freshly mown grass) can be perceived by neighboring plants where they may trigger the induction of plant defenses.  It is debated to what extent this communication reflects a history of active selection due to mutual benefit as opposed to "eavesdropping" on cues unintentionally emitted by neighboring plants.

Marine chemical ecology

Defense

Many marine organisms use chemical defenses to deter predators. For example, some crustaceans and mesograzers, such as the Pseudamphithoides incurvaria, use toxic algae and seaweeds as a shield against predation by covering their bodies in these plants. These plants produce diterpenes such as pachydictyol-A and dictyol-E, which have been shown to deter predators. Other marine organisms produce chemicals endogenously to defend themselves. For example, the finless sole (Pardachirus marmoratus) produces a toxin that paralyzes the jaws of would-be predators. Many zoanthids produce potent toxins, such as palytoxin, which is one of the most poisonous known substances. Some species of these zooanthids are very brightly colored, which may be indicative of aposematic defense.

Reproduction
Many marine organisms use pheromones to find mates. For example, male sea lampreys attract ovulating females by emitting a bile that can be detected many meters downstream. Other processes can be more complex, such as the mating habits of crabs. Due to the fact that female crabs can only mate during a short period after moults from her shell, female crabs produces pheromones before she begins to moult in order to attract a mate. Male crabs will detect these pheromones and defend their potential mate until she has finished molted. However, due to the cannibalistic tendencies of crabs, the female produces an additional pheromone to suppresses cannibalistic instincts in her male guardian. These pheromones are very potent -- so much so that they can induce male crabs to try to copulate with rocks or sponges that have been coated in pheromone by researchers.

Dominance

Dominance among crustaceans is also mediated through chemical cues. When crustaceans fight to determine dominance they urinate into the water. Later, if they meet again, both individuals can recognize each other by pheromones contained in their urine, allowing them to avoid a fight, if dominance has already been established. When a lobster encounters the urine of another individual, it will act differently according to the perceived status of the urinator (e.g. more submissively when exposed to the urine of a more dominant crab, or more boldly when exposed to the urine of a subdominant individual). When individuals are unable to communicate through urine, fights may be longer and more unpredictable.

Applications of chemical ecology

Pest Control
Chemical ecology has been utilized in the development of sustainable pest control strategies. Semiochemicals (especially insect sex pheromones) are widely used in integrated pest management for surveillance, trapping and mating disruption of pest insects. Unlike conventional insecticides, pheromone-based methods of pest control are generally species-specific, non-toxic and extremely potent. In forestry, mass trapping has been used successfully to reduce tree mortality from bark beetle infestations in spruce and pine forests and from palm weevils in palm plantations. In an aquatic system, a sex pheromone from the invasive sea lamprey has been registered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for deployment in traps. A strategy has been developed in Kenya to protect cattle from trypanosomiasis spread by Tsetse fly by applying a mixture of repellent odors derived from a non-host animal, the waterbuck.

The successful push-pull agricultural pest management system makes use of chemical cues from intercropped plants to sustainably increase agricultural yields. The efficacy of push-pull agriculture relies on multiple forms of chemical communication. Though the push-pull technique was invented as a strategy to control stem-boring moths, such as Chilo partellus, through the manipulation of volatile host-finding cues, it was later discovered that allelopathic substances exuded by the roots of Desmodium spp. also contribute to the suppression of the damaging parasitic weed, Striga.

Drug development and biochemistry discoveries

A large proportion of commercial drugs (e.g. aspirin, ivermectin, cyclosporin, taxol) are derived from natural products that evolved due to their involvement in ecological interactions. While it has been proposed that the study of natural history could contribute to the discovery of new drug leads, most drugs derived from natural products were not discovered due to prior knowledge of their ecological functions. However, many fundamental biological discoveries have been facilitated by the study of plant toxins. For example, the characterization of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the first neurotransmitter receptor to be identified, ensued from investigations into the mechanisms of action of curare and nicotine. Similarly, the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor takes its name from the fungal toxin muscarine.

History of chemical ecology

After 1950

In 1959, Adolf Butenandt identified the first intraspecific chemical signal (bombykol) from the silk moth, Bombyx mori, with material obtained by grinding up 500,000 moths. The same year, Karlson and Lüscher proposed the term 'pheromone' to describe this type of signal. Also in 1959, Gottfried S. Fraenkel also published his landmark paper, "The Raison d'être of Secondary Plant Substances", arguing that plant secondary metabolites are not metabolic waste products, but actually evolved to protect plants from consumers. Together, these papers marked the beginning of modern chemical ecology. In 1964, Paul R. Ehrlich and Peter H. Raven coauthored a paper proposing their influential theory of escape and radiate coevolution, which suggested that an evolutionary "arms-race" between plants and insects can explain the extreme diversification of plants and insects. The idea that plant metabolites could not only contribute to the survival of individual plants, but could also influence broad macroevolutionary patterns, would turn out to be highly influential.

In the 1960s and 1970s, a number of plant biologists, ecologists, and entomologists expanded this line of research on the ecological roles of plant secondary metabolites. During this period, Thomas Eisner and his close collaborator Jerrold Meinwald published a series seminal papers on chemical defenses in plants and insects. A number of other scientists at Cornell were also working on topics related to chemical ecology during this period, including Paul Feeny, Wendell L. Roelofs, Robert Whittaker and Richard B. Root. In 1968, the first course in chemical ecology was initiated at Cornell. In 1970, Eisner, Whittaker and the ant biologist William L. Brown, Jr. coined the terms allomone (to describe semiochemicals that benefit the emitter, but not the receiver) and kairomone (to describe semiochemicals that benefit the receiver only). Whittaker and Feeny published an influential review paper in Science the following year, summarizing the recent research on the ecological roles of chemical defenses in a wide variety of plants and animals and likely introducing Whittaker's new taxonomy of semiochemicals to a broader scientific audience. Around this time, Lincoln Brower also published a series of important ecological studies on monarch sequestration of cardenolides. Brower has been credited with popularizing the term "ecological chemistry" which appeared in the title of a paper he published in Science in 1968 and again the following year in an article he wrote for Scientific American, where the term also appeared on the front cover under an image of a giant bluejay towering over two monarch butterflies.

The specialized Journal of Chemical Ecology was established in 1975 and the journal, Chemoecology, was founded in 1990. In 1984, the International Society of Chemical Ecology was established and in 1996, the Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology was founded in Jena, Germany.

See also
 Chemical defense
 Semiochemical
 Chemical ecologists
 May R. Berenbaum
 Lincoln Brower
 Thomas Eisner
 Jerrold Meinwald
 Wendell L. Roelofs
 Escape and radiate coevolution

References

Further reading

 Putnam, A. R. (1988). "Allelochemicals from Plants as Herbicides" Weed Technology. 2(4): 510–518.

External links

 International Society of Chemical Ecology


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Wildenau je pohraniční německá vesnice, místní část města Selb v zemském okrese Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge v Bavorsku. Má přibližně 100 obyvatel.

Nachází se zde bývalý hraniční přechod, který však nesl označení Aš-Selb. Jedná se o nejfrekventovanější hraniční přechod (s Německem) v České republice a i v Bavorsku. Wildenau je státní hranici tak blízko, že s Aší tvoří téměř jeden celek.

Geografie
Wildenau leží v bavorském okrese Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge, přibližně 4 kilometry severoseverovýchodně od Selbu v nadmořské výšce 637 metrů. Na severovýchodě sousedí s vesnicí Lauterbach, na východě s Erkersreuthem a na severovýchodě sousedí s českou Aší, kde je od sebe dělí státní hranice (a ašský obchvat).

Historie
První písemná zmínka o Wildenau pochází z roku 1372, kdy vesnici od chebských odkoupil Konrád z Neubergu (Podhradí). V roce 1395 získali vesnici Zedtwitzové, a Wildenau se tak stala součástí rozsáhlého majetku Zedtwitzů na Ašsku.

V roce 1818 vytvořilo Wildenau spolu s vesnicí Lauterbach jednotnou obec, která byla přiřazena k selbskému zemskému soudu. 1. listopadu 1865 byla otevřena železniční dráha z Aše do Selbu, která vedla přes Wildenau. V roce 1945 bylo Wildenau přifařeno k sousednímu Erkersreuthu. Hraniční přechod s Aší byl uzavřen, a Wildenau se stalo pohraniční okrajovou vesnicí, kterou ještě nějakou dobu projížděli nákladní vlaky.

V roce 1965 zde byla uzavřena jednotřídní škola, a děti od té doby navštěvují školu v sousedním Erkersreuthu.

Do roku 1972 spadala obec Wildenau-Lauterbach do zemského okresu Rehau. Od 1. července toho roku však přestal okres Rehau existovat, a jeho území bylo začleněno do zemských okresů Hof a Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge. Wildenau se stalo součástí okresu Wunsiedel i. F. V roce 1978 byl však zrušen status obce Wildenau-Lauterbach, a obě vesnice se stali místními částmi města Selb.

1. července 1990 byl opět otevřen hraniční přechod mezi Aší a Wildenau (značený však jako Aš-Selb). Po roce 2000 začali česká i německá strana také diskutovat o opětovném otevření železnice Aš-Selb. Stavební práce byly v lednu 2013 zahájený.

V intraviliánů obce se nachází mnoho méně či více zachovalých dřevěných budov. V nejstarší části obce se nachází hasičská zbrojnice s válečnou památnou deskou.

Galerie

Odkazy

Externí odkazy

Reference

Buchwald |
Erkersreuth |
Heidelheim |
Längenau |
Lauterbach |
Mittelweißenbach |
Mühlbach |
Oberweißenbach |
Plößberg |
Schatzbach |
Selb |
Selb-Plößberg |
Silberbach |
Spielberg |
Steinselb |
Unterweißenbach |
Vielitz |
Vielitz-Siedlung |
Wildenau

Zemský okres Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge
Vesnice v Bavorsku
Části obcí v Bavorsku
Sídla rozdělená státní hranicí
Sídla na česko-německé státní hranici

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text:
Welcome to GreenlightGO!
To say that the team here at GreenlightGO is excited is a bit of an understatement. We are extremely proud to announce the launch of GreenlightGO! Our platform offers an exciting new way to match content creators to premium post and production spaces w
Remember That First Uber Ride?
Do you remember the first time you took an Uber ride? I'll never forget because it was a moment that fundamentally changed the way I thought about travel. I was on a work trip in Los Angeles and had lined up a dozen buyers over a couple of days to (hop
by Colby Gaines
An Evening with the Video Consortium
GreenlightGO is proud to be a sponsor of the Video Consortium -- an incredible community of next generation nonfiction filmmakers and video journalists defining the future of unscripted content. This past week we had the pleasure of hosti
Facility Roundup: Dumbo Edition
Everybody loves Dumbo. With quiet cobblestone streets lined with trendy boutiques, easy access to long walks on the Brooklyn Bridge or alongside the East River, and the breathtaking iconic view of the Manhattan Bridge from Washington Stre
The Big Move: Production Outside NY and LA
Right now, I'm flying to New York City from my new home in Austin, Texas, for a series of network meetings. New York City is the town I moved to in 1998 because at that time, that's what you did. You wanna "make it" in the business? Go to
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When you run a production company, as I do, ideas can come from anywhere. Increasingly, my development pipeline is being filled by younger producers who live and work far outside the traditional TV ecosystem. There are two obvious reasons
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Partnership with West One Music Group
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300 Entertainment - A GreenlightGO Client Success Story
Below is a post from happy GreenlightGO client, 300 Entertainment. Enjoy! Brian M. Courtesy of 300 Entertainment 300 Entertainment is an independent record label based in NYC. In February 2019 we began what would become an ambitious
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New York City is the ultimate destination for creatives, especially those in the world of production. As a friendly reminder, GreenlightGO has plenty of spaces throughout the 5 boroughs, as well as Middletown and White Plains, that will help your p


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Q: Most efficient way of pivoting huge dataframes pyspark Really struggling to make sense of all the performance tuning information I am finding online and implementing it into my notebook.
I have the following looking dataframe

Id like to pivot / unpivot this data into a wider dataframe, ie:

At the moment I use a simple script:
def pivotData(self, data):

        df = data

        #df.persist()

        df = df.groupBy("GROUP", "SUBGROUP").pivot("SOURCE").agg(first(F.col("VALUE")))

        return df

The above does exactly what I need on my smaller subset of data pretty quickly, but as soon as I plug in the production parquets data to be consumed (Which I assume have billions of records), IT TAKES FOREVER
Other info: AWS Dev endpoint:

*

*Number of workers: 5

*Worker type: G.1X

*Data processing units (DPUs): 6

This post is really just a reach out to see if anyone has any tips on improving performance? Perhaps my code needs to change completely and move away from groupBy & pivot ? I have absolutely no idea what sort of speeds I should be seeing when working with billions of records? But every article I read seems to be doing things in seconds :(
Any tips / articles you python / pyspark / glue experts have would be greatly appreciated. Growing tired of looking at this process bar doing nothing.

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Single crystals of L-Lysine doped (1 mol %) in organic, L-Prolinium picrate (LPP) and semi-organic, Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) were successfully grown from solution by slow evaporation method at room temperature. The lattice parameters were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The range of optical transmission are represented by recording UV-vis analysis. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy study confirms the incorporation of L-lysine into the LPP and KHP crystals. The thermal study indicates the dissociating nature of the crystal. The nonlinear optical property of the grown crystals have been confirmed by Kurtz-powder second harmonic generation test. The dopant of 1 mol % in organic material shows higher second harmonic generation than inorganic material.


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Poetry General
The Titanic Poems
by (author) Billeh Nickerson
Arsenal Pulp Press
General, Canadian
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Billeh Nickerson is a Vancouver-based poet well-known across Canada for his playful, witty observations on sex and culture. In Impact, his third poetry collection from Arsenal, Billeh turns his attention to a more serious subject that has fascinated him ever since he was a child: the sinking of the Titanic.
Published on the 100th anniversary of the disaster (which occurred on the night of April 15, 1912), Impact is an intimate and evocative poetry collection that depicts the tragedy in a series of poetic snapshots. Based on historical research the author conducted in Belfast and his birthplace of Halifax, the poems document not only the history behind the ship's construction, but what life must have been like for those aboard her maiden voyage and in the years following her sinking. While many readers are familiar with the various myths surrounding the ship and its sinking, this book offers a new, startlingly sensitive perspective with poems that take readers inside the hearts and minds of its passengers.
Billeh Nickerson is the author of two poetry collections, both published by Arsenal: McPoems and The Asthmatic Glassblower, nominated for the Publishing Triangle Poetry Prize. He is also the author of the humorous essay collection Let Me Kiss It Better: Elixirs for the Not So Straight and Narrow, and co-editor of Seminal: The Anthology of Canada's Gay Male Poets with John Barton. A founding member of the performance troupe "Haiku Night in Canada," he is the past editor of the literary journals Event and Prism international. He lives in Vancouver, where he teaches at Kwantlen University.
Follow Billeh Nickerson on Twitter
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[Nickerson] proves skilled at evoking powerful images of the mythic vessel, taking the reader on a journey from the ship's construction right through the death of the last survivor ... This book is full of simple grace, and honours those affected by the wreck of the great ship.
-Quill and Quire (STARRED REVIEW)
Quill and Quire
The poems themselves are poignant and evocative, and better researched than most theses.
-Xtra
Herein lies poetry as storytelling, embedded with numerous socio-historical nuances.
-Prairie Journal
Prairie Journal
Nickerson's poetry is soulful, drawn to alienation, love/lust/heartache, cultural politics, and the infernal contradictions of daily life ... For Impact, Nickerson maintains a characteristic focus on fleeting poignant moments and instances of individual perspective.
-Vancouver Sun
The beauty of Impact: The Titanic Poems is in both its narration and its accessibility of language. Nickerson packs a lot of story into these spare poems.
-Vancouver is Awesome
Released in time for the one-hundredth anniversary of the disaster that inspired it, this compact little collection, Impact: The Titanic Poems, is enough to restore one's faith in poetry.
-Prairie Fire
As though by its gigantic cinematic rendering, the tragedy of the Titanic had ceased to be real or have meaning, but it turns out that one hundred years later, poetry was what was required-the opposite of gigantic-to re-instill the story with solidity.
-Pickle Me This
Pickle Me This
Impact is the most perfect title for a series of poems that explore the many unseen facets of the disaster and I can't recommend it highly enough ... This gathering of poems creates a form of lamentation both heart-breaking and immediate, working as they do to reduce the tragedy down from flabby myth and sensation to its very essence, the lives of the people and their escape, or their sad and harrowing demise, and Billeh Nickerson doesn't flinch from the detail.
-dovegreyreader scribbles
dovegreyreader scribbles
Impact—The Titanic Poems
by LindaCrosfield
I was going to pick this book up anyway, and then Geist Magazine made me an offer I couldn't refuse (a copy of Impact included with a year's subscription).
The poems with which Nickerson tells the story unfold chronologically. In "Construction" we meet the great ship as it's being built in Belfast (my grandmother remembered seeing it there, a story she would tell with wonder in her voice as a few years later she came to Canada by ship herself ). We tag along as fly-on-the-wall passengers when the ship begins its "Maiden Voyage". There are two sections of "Impact" poems, separated by four strong found poems in "Voices", the lines taken from reports of the accident by four of the survivors. The book ends with "Discovery", where we're taken to the Halifax cemetery where many of the unidentified or unclaimed bodies ended up and we're shown the ocean floor on which Titanic rests (if you can call the past few decade's constant probing a rest). From "The Debris Field":
Down here the water is so cold and heavy
even the cheese wheels are edible
and the wine is still as fine
as it was that final night.
A lot of research went into this collection, published on the 100th anniversary of the sinking. The poems are authentic and perceptive. I've been a fan of Nickerson's poetry for some time, and never so much as while reading this book.
Other titles by Billeh Nickerson
Duct-Taped Roses
Artificial Cherry
McPoems
Seminal
The Anthology of Canada's Gay Male Poets
edited by John Barton & Billeh Nickerson
Let Me Kiss It Better
Elixirs for the Not So Straight and Narrow
The Asthmatic Glassblower
and other poems
Related lists
Celebration of Canadian Poetry
list by Kitty Lewis
Poetry Books I've Read This Year
list by Kerry Clare
Christmas 2012: The BEST Canadian Poetry
list by Don Gorman
Poetry Is Dead Contributors
list by Daniel Zomparelli
Kerry Clare's Best Books of 2012
New Generation of Canadian Poets
Winter/Spring 2012: Most Anticipated


text:
Mexico Continues to be Top Choice for Manufacturing 'Near-Shoring,
Posted in: Blog on June 7, 2012
NEW YORK, June 4, 2012(Yahoo Finance) —
Reflecting continued rising labor and other manufacturing costs for imports from faraway places like China, "near-shoring" continues to be seen as an opportunity to serve U.S. demand by about half of C-level and other senior executives of manufacturing-oriented companies, and while 35% of that number view manufacturing inside the U.S. as the most attractive choice for such re-sourcing, up from 21% in a similar survey a year ago, 50% view last year's top choice, Mexico, as the No. 1 choice again this year. That's according to a survey of C-level and other senior executives in manufacturing-oriented companies that sell into the U.S. market released today by AlixPartners, the global business advisory firm.
"A lot has been written of late about America's manufacturing rebound, and there certainly has been a very impressive rebound; however, Mexico still remains the near-shoring locale of choice for companies looking to overcome the higher costs of doing business today in places like China," said Foster Finley, managing director at AlixPartners and co-lead of the firm's Transportation Practice. "As manufacturing costs have increased in China and elsewhere in Asia, the cost and time factors involved in shipping goods across vast distances are magnified and, whether it's in Mexico or the U.S., any company that's not at least considering alternative manufacturing sources closer to their home market is certainly missing an opportunity."


text:
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Exotic Animal
Playing Dog
Dog Vitamin
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Horses & ponies close to you need rehoming at present
All horses want vaccinations and most want regular deworming. The specifics must be discussed with an equine veterinarian. Every horse must be protected against tetanus. Other vaccines are routinely given for Eastern and Western equine encephalomyelitis, equine influenza, rhinopneumonitis (equine herpes) and rabies.
It has the identical digestive system, together with the tendency towards colic. It's dealt with and groomed and its toes are trimmed in much the identical way, and coaching methods that work for full-sized horses also apply to minis. It tends towards a higher percentage of birthing issues due to its smaller dimension, and its teeth don't measurement down in proportion with the rest of the animal, which might result in dental issues. The distinction there is in conformation and total build and construction.
Almost all wild horses are feral horses that are descended from domesticated horses. These horses are found all around the globe in many alternative habitats.
Cute And humorous horse Videos – A great day with new movies – Baby animals #23
Horses have been historically utilized in warfare, from which all kinds of using and driving methods developed, using many alternative types of kit and strategies of control. Many products are derived from horses, together with meat, milk, hide, hair, bone, and prescription drugs extracted from the urine of pregnant mares. Humans present domesticated horses with meals, water and shelter, as well as attention from specialists corresponding to veterinarians and farriers.
Two main sources of data are used to find out the place and when the horse was first domesticated and the way the domesticated horse unfold around the world. The first supply is predicated on palaeological and archaeological discoveries; the second source is a comparability of DNA obtained from modern horses to that from bones and enamel of historical horse remains. The Przewalski's horse is the one truly wild horse whose ancestors have been never domesticated.
a hoofed herbivorous mammal of the household Equidae. It comprises a single species, Equus caballus, whose numerous varieties are known as breeds.
Horse bones and cartilage are used to make glue. The relationship of the horse to people has been unique. The horse is a associate and good friend. It has plowed fields and introduced within the harvest, hauled goods and conveyed passengers, followed game and tracked cattle, and carried combatants into battle and adventurers to unknown lands.
All horses roam idly, occasionally stopping to rear, swish their tails, or lower their heads as though consuming the grass. Unlike sheep, the consuming animation doesn't really trigger any grass to be consumed. If a player comes near, the horses might flip to look at them.
Since each breed of domesticated equine that I know of has had someone at least attempt to ride it (after which there's the whole zebra question), there actually isn't any kind of horse that hasn't had a human on its back at some point. The really actually big ones may be uncomfortable to take a seat on, to say the least—try straddling your overstuffed sofa to get a sense of what it's like, then think about the sofa as cellular in a variety of totally different directions directly, and sentient on high of that—however in terms of capability to hold the typical human, there's no query that a horse that size can do it.
Exotic pets a rage despite concerns
All your Pet Shop wants right here at Pets At Home
Hitler comedy Jojo Rabbit primed for Oscars after winning high Toronto award
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gold ore wet grinding mill, china wet pan mill for gold is sold very well in the south africa, especially in uganda, sudan, zimbabwe and zambia. why?
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Harriet Erickson, of Mora, passed away on Saturday, May 30, 2009 at the Kanabec County Hospital. She was 96 years old.
A FUNERAL SERVICE will be held at 1:00pm on Thursday, June 4, 2009 at the Quamba Baptist Church with Rev. Ivan Fiske presiding. VISITATION will be from 5-7pm on Wednesday, June 3rd at the Akkerman Ingebrand Funeral Home of Mora and 1 hour prior to the service at church. INTERMENT will be in the Oakwood Cemetery in Mora.
Robert Salitros, of Mora, formerly of Minneapolis, passed away on Saturday, May 30, 2009 at his home in rural Mora. He was 63 years old.
A MEMORIAL SERVICE will be held at 11:00 a.m. on Monday, June 15, 2009 at the Akkerman Ingebrand Funeral Home of Mora. VISITATION will be 2 hours prior to the service beginning at 9:00 a.m.
Floyd Adriaens, of Mora, died on Thursday, May 28, 2009 at the Villa Health Care Center. He was 83 years old.
GRAVESIDE SERVICE will be held at noon on Tuesday, June 2nd at St. Joseph's Catholic Cemetery in Pierz. Celebration of Life will be held at Last Chance Grill in Peirz following the service.
Aloys Daniel "Dan" Fiala died on Wednesday, May 27, 2009 at the Kanabec Hospital in Mora. He was 92 years old.
A FUNERAL SERVICE will be held at 11:00 am on Saturday, May 30, 2009 at St. Kathryn's Catholic Church of Ogilvie with Fr. Eugene Plaistad and Rita Clauseman presiding.
VISITATION will be from 4-7pm on Friday, May 29th with a 7pm Rosary Service at St. Kathryn's Church and 1 hour prior to the service on Saturday at the church.
INTERMENT will be in St. Kathryn's Church Cemetery.
Judy C. Tauber of Mora, died on Sunday, May 24, at Abbott-Northwestern Hospital in Minneapolis at the age of 71.
FUNERAL SERVICES will be held at 11:00 am. on Thursday, May 28 at St. Mary's Catholic Church in Mora. Wear RED to the funeral, to celebrate her love for life and joy.
VISITATION will be from 4-8 pm. on Wednesday at Akkerman-Ingebrand Funeral Home in Mora and 1 hr. Prior to service at the church on Thursday.
Memorials may be made to Association for Retarded Citizens or the American Cancer Society.
Carl G. Erbstoesser, of Braham, died Saturday, May 23, 2009 at University of Minnesota Hospital. He was 66 years old.
FUNERAL SERVICE 11:00 A.M. Saturday, May 30, 2009 at Braham Evangelical Covenant Church with Rev Steve Jennisch officiating.
VISITATION 1 hour prior to the service at the church on Saturday.
INTERMENT Rice Lake Cemetery, Braham, MN.
Brett Lervik, of Minneapolis, formerly of Braham, died on Friday, May 22, 2009 at the University of Minnesota Hospital. He was 56 years old.
FUNERAL SERVICES will be at 11:00 A.M. on Wednesday, May 27, 2009 at Braham Evangelical Lutheran Church with Rev. Rich Chronis officiating.
VISITATION will be Tuesday May 26 from 5 PM to 8 PM at Rock – Ingebrand Funeral Home in Braham and 1 hour prior to the service at the church on Wednesday.
Vivian Zak, of Braham, passed away on Wednesday, May 20, 2009 at GracePointe Crossing West Gables of Cambridge. She was 75 years old. No public services are planned at this time.
Karen Bruner, of Grasston, passed away on Wednesday, May 20, 2009 in Grasston, Minnesota. She was 59 years old.
A FUNERAL SERVICE will be held at 11:00 am on Saturday, May 23, 2009 at the Rock Ingebrand Funeral Home of Braham with Rev. Beverly Robinson presiding. VISITATION will be from 5-7pm on Friday, May 22, 2009 at the Funeral Home and 1 hour prior to the service on Saturday. INTERMENT will be in the Grasston Union Cemetery.


Among the valued services provided by UNIC is the reference library where the public has access to a comprehensive collection of United Nations publications, reports, documents, newsletters, pamphlets, books, and audio/video tapes.
* Information on the history of the Organization as well as its structure and substantive activities and programmes.
* Basic texts, like Charter of the UN, Basic Facts about the United Nations, Yearbook of the UN, Annual Reports of the Secretary-General on the Work of the Organization, etc.
* Major economic, social and statistical sources like Demographic Yearbook, Energy Statistics Yearbook, International Trade Statistics Yearbook, Industrial Commodity Statistics Yearbook, Human Development Report, World Economic Survey, World Development Report, Statistical Yearbook, National Accounts Statistics, Trade and Development Report, The World's Women, etc.
* Major legal and political sources like Disarmament Yearbook, Blue Helmets, Human Rights: a compilation of International Instruments, official records of Human Rights Committee, UN Juridical Yearbook, UN Treaty Series, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, etc.
UNIC Library is located at 5th Floor, GC Corporate Plaza, 150 Legazpi St., Legaspi Village, Makati City, open at 9:00 am to 4:00 pm, Monday to Friday.


text:
Нови Искър може да се отнася за:
 Нови Искър – град в Област София
 Район Нови Искър – в Област София
 "Нови Искър" – футболен клуб от гр. Нови Искър


text:
Inside Ballarat's tunnel gallery, where great art and high risk collide in the dark
ABC Ballarat
By Rhiannon Stevens
Posted FriFriday 11 DecDecember 2020 at 10:00pmFriFriday 11 DecDecember 2020 at 10:00pm , updated MonMonday 14 DecDecember 2020 at 10:14pmMonMonday 14 DecDecember 2020 at 10:14pm
The Drifter describes this underground world as a beautiful "house of horrors". (Supplied: The Drifter)
The promise of peace — not the lure of adventure — is taking this man down the drain.
Known as The Drifter on Instagram, he has spent years exploring the tunnels below Ballarat in central Victoria.
It is a dangerous and, according to the Ballarat City Council, illegal activity. He does not recommend people follow in his footsteps.
Sometimes, after crawling and climbing through small, dank spaces he turns off his torch "to admire the dark" and enjoy the peaceful feeling that comes from being alone, unseen, under the world.
Ballarat City Council says exploring the drains is dangerous and is trespassing. (Supplied: The Drifter)
But sometimes it is what he sees when his torch is on, that excites him most.
"The art there is fantastic," he said.
"I call it the underground gallery."
The Drifter says he almost died under Ballarat when he was caught in a flash flood. (Supplied: The Drifter)
Beautiful house of horrors
The Drifter began exploring drains in Bendigo in the early 1990s.
But it wasn't until he discovered the urban explorer movement that he picked up a camera.
Now he spends vast amounts of time underground with a lens to his eye, sometimes photographing the same tunnel and the same artwork over multiple days.
"I get home and think, 'Oh, that's not perfect', and I think I better get back down there tomorrow," he said
A middle-aged man who works sometimes as a house painter or labourer, he is an unlikely, but passionate Instagrammer who takes pleasure in being able to bring the work of these underground artists into the light — despite the risks.
Artists have found that the tunnels have kilometres of surface space to paint on. (Supplied: The Drifter)
The danger is real
Ballarat City Council says the extensive stormwater drain system is not suitable for personal exploration and unauthorised access would be treated as trespass.
"Risks include flooding, disorientation, claustrophobia, and inhalation of toxic gasses and other airborne contaminants," a spokeswoman said.
Despite the risks, The Drifter has captured an ever-evolving gallery of artworks on the tunnel walls, which he likens to entering a house of horrors.
"You've got your torch and next minute you just see these murals with scary faces," he said.
These otherworldly creatures fit well in the dark, damp unpredictable tunnels, he says.
The Drifter shares pictures of the tunnels and other abandoned places on Instagram. (Supplied: The Drifter)
Sanctuary in the dark
For some of the artists, who wished to remain anonymous, the drains are a "sanctuary" where large-scale murals can be created.
"It's a space where we're left to our devices, where there's no issues with being arrested," one artist said.
While this type of art is illegal, these artists are not chasing the thrill, rather the same tranquillity as The Drifter.
Otherworldly creatures fit well in the dark, damp unpredictable tunnels, The Drifter says. (Supplied: The Drifter)
Wearing respirator masks, they cannot talk as they work and, aside from the trickle of water and the whispers of spray cans, the tunnel is silent.
Occasionally, they will run into other artists, kids tagging, or homeless people seeking shelter. But mostly they are alone and at peace.
"I get to do what I like to do without anyone telling me I can't paint that or this, I just let out some pent-up stress from work," another artist explains.
In this underground world, there are kilometres of surfaces to create art on and almost no spectators, but that does not bother these artists.
The Drifter has captured an ever-evolving gallery of artworks on tunnel walls. (Supplied: The Drifter)
"It's ephemeral, the point isn't to be known or seen or having anyone give you praise," another artist said.
"It's simply about the act of doing it, enjoying yourself, being alone with your thoughts."
'I nearly died'
Both the other artists and The Drifter keep a careful eye on their surroundings. Water can rise quickly and it can be dangerous.
The Drifter recalled one occasion when he was deep in a tunnel, hundreds of metres from the exit, and a flash flood started.
"I nearly died," he said.
The Drifter admires the architecture of the old drains, saying "the brickwork is sensational". (Supplied: The Drifter)
But he remains a dedicated explorer of the drains.
He has travelled as far as Western Australia to photograph abandoned places, but always returns to Ballarat.
To The Drifter, Ballarat's old bluestone and brick tunnels are architectural achievements and he describes their shapes lovingly.
"The brickwork is sensational," he says.
But he leaves his highest praise for the artists, who he does not know, and their work.
"They've done a great job, I just love photographing them."
Posted 11 DecDecember 2020FriFriday 11 DecDecember 2020 at 10:00pm , updated 14 DecDecember 2020MonMonday 14 DecDecember 2020 at 10:14pm
Rundown buildings provide adventures for urban explorers despite dangers
Photographer captures beauty in abandoned Adelaide spaces
The lure of photographing abandoned places


STAMFORD, Conn., Aug. 2, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Atlantic Street Capital, a private equity firm targeting entrepreneurial businesses poised for the next level of growth, announced today that its portfolio company Lombart Instrument (Lombart), the leading U.S. distributor of ophthalmic instruments to ophthalmologists and optometrists, has acquired Enhanced Medical Services (EMS), the leading distributor of pre-owned ophthalmic instruments in the U.S.
Founded in 2007 by CEO Tony Genovese, EMS provides pre-owned eye care equipment and offers an array of diagnostic, laser, and classical solutions to the eye care industry. EMS also carries a wide selection of new equipment from the top manufacturers in the industry and offers comprehensive customer service. EMS is headquartered in St. Louis. For more information, visit www.emseye.com.
Scott Lombart, Chief Commercial Officer of Lombart, said, "The addition of EMS increases our product offering and our customer base but, most valuably, it gives our organization the opportunity to work more aggressively within a doctor's budget. EMS's relationships, expertise, and inventory provide us additional solutions for practices with different instrumentation needs."
Mr. Genovese joins Lombart in a dual role – as EVP of Lombart's National Accounts and as the EVP of the pre-owned business – and his team of professionals will supplement Lombart's existing team.
Mr. Genovese, commented, "As founder of the company, I was determined to find a partner that would strengthen our operations and have an immediate impact on our ability to better service clients and patients. Lombart is an exclusive eye care instrument provider and is that ideal fit for us as we look to deliver even better service to our customers. I look forward to working with this premier organization to deliver quality and affordable eyecare products."
Andy Wilkins, Managing Partner of Atlantic Street Capital, said, "Since our acquisition of Lombart in 2016 we have steadily built the business through organic growth, as well as expanded into Canada with the earlier acquisition of INNOVA. The addition of EMS is another significant investment to strengthen Lombart's position as a key partner for its customers, further extending our ability to deliver a breadth of clinical solutions."
Lombart is the largest independent, value‐added distributor of ophthalmic instruments to ophthalmologist and optometrist practices in the United States. Products offered include chairs, stands, slit lamps, refractors, tonometers, keratometers, eye projectors, perimeters, and replacement bulbs and batteries. Lombart sells these products to ophthalmology and optometry practices and clinics, teaching institutions and hospitals, and government hospitals. Lombart is headquartered in Norfolk, VA. For more information, visit www.lombartinstrument.com.


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The Best of Malta 6days/5nights 2019 depart Tue: Jan-Oct 4* hotel from: $985 pp twin share ..
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6days/5nights, tour in Malta staying in a 4 star hotel.
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These mini-frames will form a superb accent for your jewelry projects. Add a little antique flair to your crafting.
Bead Landings™ Found Objects™ Antique Silver Mini-Frame Charms is rated 3.8 out of 5 by 6.
Rated 5 out of 5 by A Creative Jeweler from Excellent Product! These little frames are perfect for painting and using with vintage photos or images. I use them for seasonal holidays and for weddings/ mother's day. Please keep them in stock! Five stars. Will buy multiples packages.
Rated 5 out of 5 by 3andcounting from Great product for the price I was easily able to insert a new photo to make into a keychain. I is small so your image will need to be very small.
Rated 4 out of 5 by MegSkiClouse from rather small I was looking for an inexpensive way to add something special to each of my bridesmaids bouquets, so that they would be able to tell them apart. Individual initials charms started to get pricey when I was looking into them, so I opted for writing out my own letters and putting them in these miniature frames. They will work . I like that they are protected on ether side with plastic. For the price, I cant complain too much.
Rated 5 out of 5 by JoJo mama from Cute! Great price for a cute item. They go great on my necklace.


text:
layout: page
title: Coast Spring Group Trade Fair
date: 2016-05-24
author: Margaret Kelly
tags: weekly links, java
status: published
summary: Mauris eget eros sit amet augue.
banner: images/banner/meeting-01.jpg
booking:
  startDate: 10/10/2018
  endDate: 10/12/2018
  ctyhocn: FMGNJHX
  groupCode: CSGTF
published: true
---
Donec id fermentum tellus. Interdum et malesuada fames ac ante ipsum primis in faucibus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Integer aliquet lacus sit amet lorem ornare elementum. Integer leo massa, interdum a tortor et, vulputate iaculis lorem. Proin sed erat tincidunt odio vehicula venenatis. Fusce tincidunt at quam eget faucibus.

1 Aliquam vulputate nibh et ultrices ultrices
1 Donec nec orci suscipit, viverra felis vel, tincidunt elit
1 Proin accumsan sapien ut sem mattis tristique quis luctus diam
1 Suspendisse vel erat consectetur, sollicitudin nunc in, finibus augue
1 Nullam vitae elit vestibulum, porta nulla ac, interdum felis.

Vestibulum gravida metus nec faucibus ultricies. Cras a volutpat diam, in euismod eros. Maecenas vulputate cursus sollicitudin. Nullam consequat sit amet leo sit amet varius. Quisque vitae urna vestibulum purus ullamcorper porta. Maecenas vitae ipsum nec ex blandit convallis. Praesent eros nibh, fringilla eu lorem eu, pretium ornare magna. Morbi tristique vitae ipsum porttitor blandit. Fusce erat urna, commodo a lorem vel, vestibulum pretium nisi. Sed blandit sagittis efficitur. In cursus commodo arcu, vel ornare mauris interdum a. Donec mattis cursus massa sed blandit. Vivamus lacinia, metus eu vehicula porttitor, erat arcu mattis ligula, placerat tempor quam odio et purus. Nullam pulvinar, erat eu bibendum scelerisque, eros nunc egestas mi, nec vulputate metus eros nec nunc. Phasellus sed ultricies neque.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Warning sign at Maho Beach near the Princess Juliana Airport on Sint Maarten - Credit: Photo: Terrazzo / Wikimedia Commons
Maho Beach
Thursday, 13 July 2017 - 07:35
Woman killed by jet blast at Sint Maarten airport
A tourist was killed on Maho Beach on Sint Maarten, the beach located next to the runway of the Princess Juliana airport in Philipsburg. She stood by the fence that separate the beach and runway and was blown away by a departing plane, NOS reports.
The woman hit her head against a concrete block. She was rushed to the hospital, but died of her injuries.
According to 721 News, the victim is a 57-year-old woman from New Zealand. The accident happened around 6:00 p.m. on Wednesday.
The Princess Juliana Airport is a popular attraction for airplane enthusiasts due to its location. Landing planes pass close over the heads of Maho Beach visitors, almost close enough to touch. Departing planes are also an attraction. Due to the airport's short runway, large airplanes have to give their jet engines full gas in order to get off the ground. These jet blasts are strong enough to blow beach visitors over.
As far as is known, this tourist is the first person to be killed by a jet blast on Maho Beach, but a number of other people were injured over the years. In 2000 a Swizz tourist was blown over and sustained serious injuries, according to NOS. She sued the airport and the Supreme Court eventually ruled that the airport had to place clearer and more noticeable warning signs. According to the broadcaster, so far nothing has changed.
Insel Air plane passing low over Maho Beach as it approaches Princess Juliana airport on Sint Maarten, January 2013 - Credit: Photo: Timo Breidenstein / Wikimedia Commons


text:
By Gary Nisbet Edwin Roscoe Mullins
London born sculptor, he trained at Lambeth School of Art, the RA Schools and in Munich.
In the 1870s, he shared a studio with EO Ford , producing portrait busts, statues, �fancy� figures, Biblical subjects, and architectural sculpture.
His work includes the monument to General Barrow, Lucknow, India (1882), and the tympanum group on the Harris Museum and Art Gallery, Preston (c.1882-92).
In Glasgow, his Biblical work is represented by Cain, a crouching, nude male in marble (alternately titled My punishment is greater than I bear (quoting Genesis 4: 13, of 1899) and Isaac and Esau (1907), which is in GMAG .
Mullins was also the author of a Primer of Sculpture, which was published in Paris and Melbourne in 1890.
He exhibited work at the Grovenor and New Galleries and the RA in London, and at the 1901 Kelvingrove Exhibition, Glasgow (including Cain and Isaac and Esau).
McKenzie (1999)
Stevenson (n.d.)
Laperriere
Billcliffe
1: Botanic Gardens (North Kelvinside),
Kibble Palace
Sculptor: ER Mullins


Born: July 9, 2013 Height: 10-1/4"
Cruz is our little rock star. He always make us smile, even when he is a bad, bad boy.
When Taffe McFadden, his co-breeder and handler, first met him as a young puppy, she exclaimed; "Cruz? Tom Cruise. Top Gun!" Which is how Cruz got his show name.
Cruz loves to be in the center of everything, and the star of the show. What a guy!
Cruz is also proving himself as a sire. Four of the puppies in his first litter, born August 20, 2015, attained their AKC conformation championships before one year of age.
Cruz is a full brother to Ch. Oeste's Touched by an Outlaw ("Tomoko") and a half brother to BISS Ch. Oeste's Whole Lotta Island Romance ("Rory"), Ch. Oeste's Sweet Island Girl ("Candy"), and Ch. Oeste's Sweet Island Affair ("Tabitha").
Cruz has distinguished himself as a sire of outstanding individuals, including MBIS MBISS GCHG Oeste's in the Name of Love ("Bono").
He shows the influence of his sire, Billy, as well as that of his maternal grandsire, Pan.


text:
COVID-19: ISRA brings together Asha Bhonsle, Shaan and other musicians for virtual concert 'Sangeet Setu'
The feed for the virtual concert 'Sangeet Setu,' dedicated to PM CARES, will be available on OTT platforms, Television, Digital, and Social channels
Reported by: PTI
New Delhi Published on: April 09, 2020 18:56 IST
Some of the biggest names from Indian music including Asha Bhonsle, S P Balasubramaniam, and K J Yesudas are joining hands for a series of virtual concerts to express their solidarity with the people working at the forefront of the battle against the coronavirus pandemic. The Indian Singers Rights Association (ISRA) announced that it will hold a three-day concert 'Sangeet Setu', starting from April 10 between 8 pm and 9 pm, with the aim to entertain the public and help them deal with the stress in these unprecedented times of lockdown.
"The feed for the concert, dedicated to PM CARES, will be available on OTT platforms, Television, Digital and Social channels," the ISRA said in a release.
The concert, blessed by nightingale of bollywood Lata Mangeshkar, has an impressive line-up of veterans Asha Bhonsle, S P Balasubramaniam, K J Yesudas, Udit Narayan, Anoop Jalota, Pankaj Udhas, Kavita Krishnamurthy, Sudesh Bhosale, Suresh Wadkar, Talat Aziz, Alka Yagnik, Kumar Shanu, Hariharan, Shankar Mahadevan, Sonu Nigam, Salim Merchant, Shaan and Kailash Kher, the ISRA said.
"ISRA decided that leading singers of the country will entertain the masses and try to lighten their stress, strain and depression in these tough times.
I thank all the artists who have made themselves available for this national service," Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Sanjay Tandon said.
Moving Pixels Company, XP&D and Be. live have partnered with the ISRA in this effort. MPC Creative Director, Manish Baradia said, "This is not just a concert series, it is a national movement. We want to take this concert to one billion screens. " Speaking on behalf XP&D and Be.Live, Sukrit Singh said "the O2O (Offline to Online) concert belongs to the nation - our feed is free for anyone who can get it to a screen.
"We appeal to every OTT, TV or digital channel to stream the content for free and show solidarity with the current battle. The feed of the virtual concerts will be available on several OTT platforms including MX Player, Hotstar, Vodafone Play, Flipkart, Jio Tv and Sony Liv," Singh said.
Singer Sonu Nigam said said the concert was their tribute to every Indian fighting against the coronavirus. "Every Indian be it an official, a health worker, an essential services provider or citizen at home - is contributing in this battle. Especially the mothers, home makers and sisters at home are bearing the burden and as artists we salute you through our music."
Shaan urged people to tune in and donate in the times of crisis. "We urge everyone to stay at home. With this initiative, we will be able to come to your homes and sing for the country. I urge everyone to donate generously to the PM Cares fund, as every single rupee counts," Shaan said.
"On behalf of ISRA we come together as a family to sing for you all to spread positivity amongst all of us in this dark phase bringing entertainment for enlightenment and cheer," Kher added.
asha bhonsle
udit narayan