Day 19 – A day in the life of a Fulbright mom.
I sit in the bed, computer on my lap, listening to the sounds of tropical birds and roosters. The fuzzy silhouette of palm trees gradually sharpens against a brightening morning sky visible through the thin pink bedside curtains which cover a screened wall. There was a moment of early morning calm as the all-night wedding came to an end and celebrants took to the streets singing as they stumbled their way home. After the dogs stopped barking at the celebrants' arrival, an unusual silence enveloped the still dark village. That is until the roosters awoke a short hour later.
In the tropics we are all in each other's world. Open screens, windows, walls and doors let the thick air move and mingles our lives together as well. I hear a cell phone ring and an early mumbled conversation, the neighbor across the way gently snoring, a mom waking her child up for school. In the tropics we all live together, no matter who we are. The soft hush and deep growl of cars and trucks on the nearby highway slowly begins and the small, sleepy town of Villa Tunari wakes up.
My 14 year old daughter is with me as well, as she has been on this entire trip so far and my previous one as well. She is my photographer and videographer – managing my equipment, schedule, and capturing the moments that I am too engrossed in working with to think about filming. She has shot excellent footage of farmers, fields, meetings, and specializes in individual portraits of quinoa farmers – candid, un-posed, up-close and personal. Her work was displayed in two gallery showings last year and will be featured in an upcoming book and film I will be making when I return to the US.
And now they are returning to the US.
Today we will continue our travels across the rainforest winding down even lower to the vast expanse of Santa Cruz, the "Miami of Bolivia" with sparkling new shopping malls filled with Gucci, Forever21, Calvin Klein, Justice, and Timberland. "Chicken's Kingdom," a Bolivian fried chicken and french fries chain is the favorite here with 52,000 likes on its Facebook page and an active social media campaign across many platforms. Santa Cruz is now the only city in Bolivia that American Airlines, the airline approved for use by Fulbright, flies to anymore. They used to fly to the highland city of La Paz, but decided the 14,000 foot high airport in the middle of the rapidly growing city of El Alto was too high and dangerous to continue to land in. So for the first time in 15 years, I'm now traveling through Santa Cruz, coming and going from Bolivia.
On our way to Santa Cruz we will stop by my nephew's home in Bulo Bulo where he has a week off from his job as a police sergeant in Villa Tunari and we can visit with his family and see their dairy farm for a moment.
It's nice to take a respite from the quinoa work, to relax with family, have a refreshing weekend in the topics, swim in the pool, explore the river, watch the fisherman balance on three logs lashed together using a weighted net to catch small fish. My quinoa friends are in touch on whatsap, facebook messenger, e-mail, my local cell phone number. We have a month planed together as soon as my children leave for the US on Tuesday. I will continue my work in Bolivia alone as they stay with their Bolivian dad in the US, enjoying their final month of summer vacation in the mountains of Vermont, swimming in the cool lakes and rivers there.
I am not Bolivian but my summer is the Bolivian winter. I welcome it. I enjoy the cool mornings, wrapped in blankets, ponchos, hats – the air crisp and clear. It's strangely comforting sleeping under a heavy load of wool blankets, never taking off your down-filled winter coat, welcoming the morning as a new adventure that has just been achieved. We are rugged folk, us quinoa people. Braving the altitudes, wind, cold and a world of tans and blues. The barren windswept altiplano planes and the stark clear blue of the Andean sky, 14,000 feet up, where the once high cirrus clouds now seem to sit on your head.
My 14 year old nephew is with me now (a different nephew from the 40 year old police sergeant we are visiting with today). It is his first time to ever leave the Oruro altiplano. He is not a commercial quinoa farmer but he does care for the family's llama herd and helps to plant and harvest highland potatoes, wheat and quinoa for the family's own consumption. Here in the tropics surrounded by lush vegetation, crops that grow wildly without even being planted, rivers teaming with fish, plenty of wood for cook fires, it's easy living in shorts and t-shirts in an abundance of food, water and leisure. I ask him as we are sipping coconut water from coconuts we found fallen from the trees if he would like to live here. If he would like to stay in the easy warmth of the tropics. We see the schoolkids playing in the streets and yards, hear them singing from their open classrooms, markets are filled with colorful fruits, stores piled with toys and colorful inflatables for the many hotel pools. Around us is lots of new construction and growth – new roads, hotels, homes. It is a time of prosperity after years of coca wars, and civil unrest. My nephew looks around and shyly smiles, "no" he said. He explains he would miss his family, playing soccer in the highland canchas, and being in the mountains with the llamas.
It's interesting. That is what most of the quinoa farmers tell me too. Most at some time in their lives have been to the topics, big cities and other areas of Bolivia, even living in those places for a few years, but always returning to the highlands because it is a place they love more. The peace, tranquility, wide open spaces, fresh cool air, lack of contamination are all reasons people cite for staying in the quinoa lands. Despite the cold, hardships, work and low wages, there is something more than money and need that brings and keeps them there. Like my nephew, I am enjoying this tropical respite but am also looking forward to returning the highlands as well.
August 2016 – Tamara putting the finishing touches on her new book, Social Entrepreneurship as Sustainable Development, due out in January 2017 by Palgrave publishing.
Join Tamara as she returns to Bolivia December 10, 2016, to continue her Fulbright research and find out what is happening now in the Quinoa fields.
Rumor has it that insects are running rampant, climate change is devastating, many migrants who came to participate int he Quinoa Boom of 2012-2015 have since left and things are quieting down in the countryside. But are they? And what about the women?
Join Tamara again as she ventures out to the Bolivian salt flats to look, listen and live the quinoa story – examining its socio-economic impact on Andean women.
So how did I get into this project in the first place? Here is my Fulbright research proposal. I will have three years to travel from the US to Bolivia in 3-month intervals to study the effect of quinoa production on the Andean woman.
Oh, and who am I? I'm social scientist and business developer specializing in economics and sustainable development. For the last 10 years I've also been a university professor. I've lived and worked in Bolivia for the past 18 years. My two children are half Bolivian and though their Bolivian grandma grows quinoa for the family, she is not a commercial prducer. I have not been in the quinoa growing region I'll be studying in over 10 years. People tell me it has changed a lot!
Gender and Sustainable Development in Bolivia.


text:
Q: Using mocha+chai together with co When chai.expect assertions fail,
they normally fail the test
and the negative result gets added to the report
for the test runner (in this case mocha).
However, when I use a generator function wrapped using co.wrap(),
as seen below,
something strange happens:
when the assertions pass, everything runs just fine.
When the assertions fail, however, the test times out.
How can co be used together with mocha+chai?

it('calls API and then verifies database contents', function(done) {
  var input = {
    id: 'foo',
    number: 123,
  };
  request
    .post('/foo')
    .send(input)
    .expect(201)
    .expect({
      id: input.id,
      number: input.number,
    })
    .end(function(err) {
      if (!!err) {
        return done(err);
      }

      // Now check that database contents are correct
      co.wrap(function *() {
        var dbFoo = yield foos.findOne({
          id: input.id,
        });
        continueTest(dbFoo);
      })();

      function continueTest(dbFoo) {
        //NOTE when these assertions fail, test times out
        expect(dbFoo).to.have.property('id').to.equal(input.id);
        expect(dbFoo).to.have.property('number').to.equal(input.number);
        done();
      }
    });
});

Solution:

The problem arose due to co.wrap() swallowing the exception thrown by expect(), not allowing it bubble up to where it needed to for mocha to find it, as pointed out by @Bergi below.
The solution was to use co() instead of co.wrap(), and add .catch() and pass that the done callback, as seen below.
      // Now check that database contents are correct
      co(function *() {
        var dbFoo = yield foos.findOne({
          id: input.id,
        });
        continueTest(dbFoo);
      }).catch(done);

A: co.wrap catches exceptions from the generator, and rejects the returned promise. It "swallows" the error that is thrown from the assertions in continueTest. Btw, instead of using .wrap and immediately calling it, you can just call co(…).
co(function*() {
    …
}).then(done, done); // fulfills with undefined or rejects with error

or
co(function*() {
    …
    done();
}).catch(done);

Btw, to use co properly you'd put all your asynchronous functions in a single generator:
it('calls API and then verifies database contents', function(done) {
  co(function*() {
    var input = {
      id: 'foo',
      number: 123,
    };
    yield request
      .post('/foo')
      .send(input)
      .expect(201)
      .expect({
        id: input.id,
        number: input.number,
      })
      .endAsync(); // assuming you've promisified it

    // Now check that database contents are correct
    var dbFoo = yield foos.findOne({
      id: input.id,
    });

    expect(dbFoo).to.have.property('id').to.equal(input.id);
    expect(dbFoo).to.have.property('number').to.equal(input.number);

  }).then(done, done);
});

A: The root issue with your code here is that you're trying to yield in suptertest's end CPS callback; since this function is not a generator function yield can not be used and your exceptions will disappear into the ether, as you've seen.
Using co.wrap directly is the proper way (when using co) to give mocha a promise that it can use to track the success or failure of a test that uses generator functions and yield for async flow control, you just need to serialize your test so that the db check runs after supertest.
Your solution solves this by using co to convert the generator function to a promise, and then uses that promise to "convert" back to mocha's CPS style async by using its catch function to call done if the db check throws:
co(function *() {
    var dbFoo = yield foos.findOne({
      id: input.id,
    });
    continueTest(dbFoo);
}).catch(done);

Promises to the rescue
The good news is that supertest also supports promises and this can be done much more simply.
The important part (like shown in Bergi's answer) that you're missing is that promises, generator functions, and soon async/await, can work together. In this case we can take advantage of this to directly yield a promise, supertest's promise, inside the generator function.
This keeps the db check directly in that test generator function where any exceptions will be handled properly by co.wrap and passed as a rejection to mocha.
The test is now neatly serialized without any CPS detritus. And isn't that what the promise of these new async features in js are really about?

it('calls API and then verifies database contents', co.wrap(function*() {
  var input = {
    id: 'foo',
    number: 123,
  };

  yield request
    .post('/foo')
    .send(input)
    .expect(201)
    .expect({
      id: input.id,
      number: input.number,
    });

  // Now check that database contents are correct
  var dbFoo = yield foos.findOne({
    id: input.id,
  });

  expect(dbFoo).to.have.property('id').to.equal(input.id);
  expect(dbFoo).to.have.property('number').to.equal(input.number);
}));

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Thijmen Blokzijl (born 25 February 2005) is a Dutch football player. He plays as a centre-back for Eredivisie club Groningen.

Club career
Blokzijl joined the youth teams of Groningen at the age of 11 and was first called up to the senior squad in May 2021.

Blokzijl made his Eredivisie debut for Groningen on 8 January 2023 in a game against Excelsior.

International career
He represented Netherlands at the 2022 UEFA European Under-17 Championship, where they were the runners-up.

References

External links

2005 births
Living people
Dutch footballers
Netherlands youth international footballers
Association football defenders
FC Groningen players
Eredivisie players

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Is it next season yet?
By VoxMediaUser245450 May 12, 2010, 7:19pm BST
Share All sharing options for: Is it next season yet?
via www.viptickettraders.com Old Trafford empty is a melancholy sight
It's days like these that I can't stand. Football season is over for me and yet there are still games to be played. I won't be watching Fulham or Chelsea as they compete for trophies. I will be reading eulogies on the season that was for United. And I hate that. But it's seasons like this one that remind us all how good we have had it for the last 20 years. Just a couple of stories that caught my eye today.
There is a story floating around, although not from any credible sources, that Gary Cahill wants to join United. You can't blame him for that. What a great place to come develop as a player. Learning from the likes of Vida and Rio. If Cahill does arrive at Old Trafford he will join Evans and Smalling as the CB of the future. Or the right now depending on the future of Nemanja Vidic. Like Evra, more Real Madird rumors swirling around Patrice, I would hate to see Vida go. But if Sir Alex thinks the youngsters coming through are ready then let's cash in and use that money to strengthen other areas. SAF is usually very good at judging when it's time to give the younger players a change.
The England squad for the World Cup is starting to take shape. Some of you probably aren't English, in fact technically I am not but I cheer for them since Canada isn't very good, but for me it's a little sad to see the lack of United players in the England squad. There was a time when 7 or 8 of the England party would be United players. Now it seems all the good English talent comes from Spurs and Villa. It's one of the reasons I would love to see the club sign Milner and Cahill. But also a reason I think Welbeck really needs to be given a shot. Not because he is English and I want to see him in the England squad representing United but more because English players like Rooney, Scholes, Rio and Neville are the bedrock of a championship caliber squad in the Premier League. I feel like you need that English presence so the other players know just how important it is to play for United. It's no surprise to me when Arsenal's Championship challenge always fades down the stretch while teams like United (Scholes, Rio, Rooney, Neville) and Chelsea (Lampard, Terry, Cole, Cole) get stronger towards the end of the campaign.
Rumors I have read today include Benzema being set for United. He was left out of the French squad for the World Cup and I think we might be able to get him for reasonably cheap. Also United will be playing a preseason, CAN NOT wait for preseason cause it means the real season is close to starting, in Dublin to open the Aviva stadium. Also it sounds like Foster might be on his way to Birmingham.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<tei>
	<teiHeader>
		<fileDesc xml:id="55007126"/>
	</teiHeader>
	<text xml:lang="en">
		<front>
<lb/>
	<affiliation>NATIONAL PETROCHEMICAL & REFINERS ASSOCIATION<lb/> </affiliation>

	<address>1899 L STREET, NW, SUITE 1000<lb/> WASHINGTON, DC 20036<lb/></address>

	<idno>MC-02-99<lb/></idno>

	<docTitle>
	<titlePart>INTEGRATED SYSTEM AND METHODOLOGY FOR BACK-PRESSURE TESTING<lb/> CATALYST-PACKED TUBES IN TUBULAR REACTOR VESSELS<lb/></titlePart>
	</docTitle>

	<byline>
	<docAuthor>By<lb/> Cliff Johns<lb/> President<lb/> Dan Sympson<lb/> Vice President<lb/> And<lb/> Ben Broderson<lb/> Principal Engineer<lb/></docAuthor>
	</byline>

	<byline>
	<affiliation>TubeMaster, Inc.<lb/></affiliation>
	</byline>

	<address>Louisville , KY<lb/></address>

	<note type="other">Presented at the<lb/> NPRA 2002 Annual Refinery & Petrochemical Plant<lb/> Maintenance Conference and Exhibition<lb/></note>

	<date>May 7-10, 2002<lb/></date>

	<byline>
	<affiliation>San Antonio Convention Center<lb/></affiliation>
	</byline>

	<address>San Antonio, TX</address>

		</front>
	</text>
</tei>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


"Designs by Lisa decorated our reception for our wedding. She did beautiful work! Everything went according to plan. Lisa gave good recommendations at our initial visit and was able to revise our decorating plan to "down-size" the expense a bit and it still looked great! There were many options to choose from that fit both color scheme and budget.
Thank you so much Lisa for making our wedding reception perfect!"


The Buzz word in Interior Design is Sustainability. The Consumer led society most of us have experienced over the last 40 years has caused topics like Recycling, Landfill, Green Energy, Renewable to fill headlines around the world. This trend is a not a case of being obsessive about arguments impacting on Climate Change, more like look at what and why you buy something and make a more informed choice.
So how does Sustainability work in Interior Design? For people to flourish and work productively their surroundings have to be right. Instead of 1999 looking all things silver and bursting into a Year 2000, we're looking 2010 and becoming more green.
The big thing is not to buy something you will throw away too quickly- or easily. Re upholster a favourite piece of furniture, recover dining chairs. Use great materials and make them last.


Hello dear friends, in this delicious game we have the pleasure to meet two cute sisters competing in a cooking contest game. Join your favorite sister and help her out with the cake recipe. Have fun in this sweet game!


text:
Q: a div has no inherited font size from body

body{
font-size:0.9em;
}

.m1{
font-size:0.9em;
}

LOREM

LOREM

If you remove font-size from m1 you'll see that the font size changes i.e. not inherited from body.
I'm expecting that all divs inside body have a font-size equal to the one declared for body.
Don't tell me that I need to set font-size separately for each div?

A: When using em it means the size is relative to its parent. You should use rem to make it relative to the root of the document.
In this case, the font size for .m1 is 0.9 * 0.9 = 0.81px.

body  {
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

.m1 {
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

.m2 {}

.m3 {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.m4 {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

LOREM

LOREM

LOREM

LOREM

A: body { font-size: 1em}
.text-one, .text-two, .text-three {font-size: 1em}
HaiHalloBye


Kendriya Vidyalaya No.2, Belgaum Cantt. was started on the 18 of september 1983. The Vidyalaya has classes from I to XII with Science and Commerce Streams at the Plus Two level.
Vidyalaya has maintained highest academic records since its inception. In the academic session 2017-18, the Vidyalaya has produced 100% results in class X and 100% in XII CBSE Board Examination.
Nestled in the sublime lap of nature and set up in the Defence sector the Vidyalaya is perpetrated to unravel the bountiful assets in every child entrusted with it. Through high quality educational endeavours to achieve fullest development of human potential in order to meet the future demands and challenges of higher education. Towards quality education, our vision is to draw out the uniqueness, the innate qualities of our children, there by paving way to create leaders, winners and achievers in a global world. Our core values focus on commitment to education, equal opportunities, excellence, immediacy of action and idea implementation, integrity towards self, community and society, creativity in thought, expression and approach, caring and concern for people, passions and dreams and above all determination to achieve and self-actualise.


text:
package com.facebook.buck.event.listener;

import com.facebook.buck.event.AbstractBuckEvent;
import com.facebook.buck.event.LeafEvent;
import com.facebook.buck.model.BuildTarget;
import com.facebook.buck.util.Ansi;
import com.google.common.base.Function;
import com.google.common.base.Optional;
import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import com.google.common.collect.ComparisonChain;
import com.google.common.collect.FluentIterable;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.Ordering;

import java.util.Comparator;

public class CommonThreadStateRenderer {
  /**
   * Amount of time a rule can run before we render it with as a warning.
   */
  private static final long WARNING_THRESHOLD_MS = 15000;

  /**
   * Amount of time a rule can run before we render it with as an error.
   */
  private static final long ERROR_THRESHOLD_MS = 30000;

  private final Ansi ansi;
  private final Function<Long, String> formatTimeFunction;
  private final long currentTimeMs;
  private final ImmutableMap<Long, ThreadRenderingInformation> threadInformationMap;

  public CommonThreadStateRenderer(
      Ansi ansi,
      Function<Long, String> formatTimeFunction,
      long currentTimeMs,
      final ImmutableMap<Long, ThreadRenderingInformation> threadInformationMap) {
    this.ansi = ansi;
    this.formatTimeFunction = formatTimeFunction;
    this.currentTimeMs = currentTimeMs;
    this.threadInformationMap = threadInformationMap;
  }

  public int getThreadCount() {
    return threadInformationMap.size();
  }

  public ImmutableList<Long> getSortedThreadIds(boolean sortByTime) {
    Comparator<Long> comparator;
    if (sortByTime) {
      comparator = new Comparator<Long>() {
        private Comparator<Long> reverseOrdering = Ordering.natural().reverse();
        @Override
        public int compare(Long threadId1, Long threadId2) {
          long elapsedTime1 = Preconditions.checkNotNull(
              threadInformationMap.get(threadId1)).getElapsedTimeMs();
          long elapsedTime2 = Preconditions.checkNotNull(
              threadInformationMap.get(threadId2)).getElapsedTimeMs();
          return ComparisonChain.start()
              .compare(elapsedTime1, elapsedTime2, reverseOrdering)
              .compare(threadId1, threadId2)
              .result();
        }
      };
    } else {
      comparator = Ordering.natural();
    }
    return FluentIterable.from(threadInformationMap.keySet()).toSortedList(comparator);
  }

  public String renderLine(
      Optional<BuildTarget> buildTarget,
      Optional<? extends AbstractBuckEvent> startEvent,
      Optional<? extends LeafEvent> runningStep,
      Optional<String> stepCategory,
      Optional<String> placeholderStepInformation,
      long elapsedTimeMs,
      StringBuilder lineBuilder) {
    lineBuilder.delete(0, lineBuilder.length());
    lineBuilder.append(" |=> ");
    if (!startEvent.isPresent() || !buildTarget.isPresent()) {
      lineBuilder.append("IDLE");
      return ansi.asSubtleText(lineBuilder.toString());
    } else {
      lineBuilder.append(buildTarget.get());
      lineBuilder.append("...  ");
      lineBuilder.append(formatElapsedTime(elapsedTimeMs));

      if (runningStep.isPresent() && stepCategory.isPresent()) {
        lineBuilder.append(" (running ");
        lineBuilder.append(stepCategory.get());
        lineBuilder.append('[');
        lineBuilder.append(formatElapsedTime(currentTimeMs - runningStep.get().getTimestamp()));
        lineBuilder.append("])");

        if (elapsedTimeMs > ERROR_THRESHOLD_MS) {
          return ansi.asErrorText(lineBuilder.toString());
        } else if (elapsedTimeMs > WARNING_THRESHOLD_MS) {
          return ansi.asWarningText(lineBuilder.toString());
        } else {
          return lineBuilder.toString();
        }
      } else if (placeholderStepInformation.isPresent()) {
        lineBuilder.append(" (");
        lineBuilder.append(placeholderStepInformation.get());
        lineBuilder.append(')');
        return ansi.asSubtleText(lineBuilder.toString());
      } else {
        return lineBuilder.toString();
      }
    }
  }

  public String renderShortStatus(
      boolean isActive,
      boolean renderSubtle,
      long elapsedTimeMs) {
    if (!isActive) {
      return ansi.asSubtleText("[ ]");
    } else {
      String animationFrames = ":':.";
      int offset = (int) ((currentTimeMs / 400) % animationFrames.length());
      String status = "[" + animationFrames.charAt(offset) + "]";
      if (renderSubtle) {
        return ansi.asSubtleText(status);
      } else if (elapsedTimeMs > ERROR_THRESHOLD_MS) {
        return ansi.asErrorText(status);
      } else if (elapsedTimeMs > WARNING_THRESHOLD_MS) {
        return ansi.asWarningText(status);
      } else {
        return status;
      }
    }
  }

  private String formatElapsedTime(long elapsedTimeMs) {
    return formatTimeFunction.apply(elapsedTimeMs);
  }
}


text:
Template.wishDetail.onCreated(() => {
  let template = Template.instance();

  template.wishId = FlowRouter.getParam('_id');

  template.autorun(() => {
    template.subscribe('wishDetail', template.wishId);
    template.subscribe('comments', template.wishId);
  });
});

Template.wishDetail.helpers({
  contentReady() {
    return Template.instance().subscriptionsReady();
  },
  detail() {
    return Wish.findOne();
  },
  comments() {
    return Comments.find().fetch();
  },
  wishId() {
    return Template.instance().wishId;
  }
});


text:
Q: Align contents of div to the bottom I have a div containing 2 paragraphs. I want the paragraphs to be aligned to the bottom right of the div. I was able to align the paragrams using text-align: right, but I am struggling with trying to get the paragrams to align to the bottom of the div.
The markup is quite simple:

content 1

content 2

CSS:
div{
    border: 1px red solid;
    height: 100px;
}

p{
    text-align: right;
}

I tried using position:absolute on the paragrams and setting bottom: 0, but this makes the paragraphs overlap each other due to the absolute positioning.
The div does not span the whole page, so the paragraph text should be contrained within the div.
Is there a way to achieve the effect such that the content "grows from the bottom"?
The effect I want is like this (photoshopped):

And a fiddle of the above: http://jsfiddle.net/cbY6h/

A: I was looking for something similar, and ended up using flexbox layout.
Given the following structure

content 1

another

content 2

and this style
div {
    border: 1px red solid;
    height: 100px;

    display: flex;

    //align items from top to bottom
    //[I've always thought the opposite, as rows are counted from top to bottom
    //and columns are counted left to right. Any one have an explanation for this?]
    flex-direction: column;

    //main axis align to the bottom, since we are using column for direction
    justify-content: flex-end;

}

p {
   //cross axis align towards the right. total outcome => bottom right
   align-self: flex-end;
}

You will get the layout from the picture.
Edit: Won't work on older browsers (http://caniuse.com/flexbox). You can key of Modernizer
.flexbox .rest-of-your-selector { rule }

A: HTML

content 1

content 2

CSS
.box {
    border: 1px red solid;
    height: 100px;
    position: relative;
}

.content {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    right: 0;
}

Will place the content in the bottom right hand corner of the div. You can see the result at http://jsfiddle.net/cbY6h/1/.

A: A key note to understand.  If you were to change the height of the "box" to 100% instead of 100px, then it would not work.  If height is not specified as a specific unit of measure it can't figure out how to place the absolute child item.
.box {
border: 1px red solid;
height: 100%;
position: relative;
}

A: Use relative instead of absolute for position of .content.


text:
Edwin Cameron: The judge who made the invisible visible
A personal memory
By Ferial Haffajee• 20 August 2019
June 05, 2019: Judge of the Constitutional Court Judge Justice Edwin Cameroon at the the Launch of the 25 anniversary of Constitutional democracy commemorative coin lounch at the Constitutional Court Foyer in Johannesburg.Picture:Freddy Mavunda © Business Day
Judge Edwin Cameron donned his green robes for the last time on Tuesday, ending a majestic 25-year innings on the Bench, the last of them on the Constitutional Court.
Judge Edwin Cameron bowed out by delivering a judgment regarded as a win for the rights of labour tenants in the Hilton College land in securing judicial scrutiny over the administration of land reform.
I hope to get to call him "Edwinsky" again as he let me do over 30 years ago.
At the time, I worked as a library assistant at the Centre for Applied Legal Studies to hustle up some money to pay for my legal studies. I was a terrible law student but my time at the campaigning public interest centre gave me access to and insight into the activist lawyers who were both fighting the system and drawing up the blueprint of what a future society would look like.
These were people like John Dugard (the international lawyer and jurist), Halton Cheadle (who drafted the country's labour laws), Thandi Orleyn (now a decorated director of boards and activist for women's empowerment), Gilbert Marcus (the leading advocate and free expression campaigner) and Fink Haysom (UN special representative to Somalia) and later they would be joined by the brilliant legal scholar just back from Oxford University, Edwin Cameron.
Ahead of his joining, I had heard corridor whispers about how clever he was and what a win he would be for the centre. What I wasn't expecting was the friendly and kind lawyer I would come to know for the few years we worked together. My job was, basically, to photocopy huge forests of research, judgments and academic papers to help the researchers build up their stockpiles. It was before Dropbox, PDFs and almost pre-internet.
It was the invisible drudge work and while all the lawyers were kind and warm people, Edwin really was one of a kind. He inquired about my life with a sense of genuine interest; he asked what my true dream was (it was not to be a lawyer) and he invited me to his annual "waifs and strays" Christmas parties where a cornucopia of people would gather at his Brixton home to great merriment. Edwin, out of legal scholar mode, was camp and as funny as David Kau; he always bought every waif and stray a gift. It was a gift of community. When I left CALS to try my hand at being a journalist, he bought me a beautiful glass salad bowl. I still have it. And still use it.
Obviously, today must be about his social justice jurisprudence and how it enhanced and grew our law; it must be about Edwin's activism for people living with HIV and Aids, which was a key factor in turning around the stigma and forcing a policy shift in the granting of public health supplied anti-retroviral drugs.
This, though, is a little story about how a big man helped make me think about myself differently when he brought me into his community as a lowly library assistant who ranked among the invisible people who keep the wheels running. When I think about that time and Edwin's opus, it is a work designed to make the invisible visible and important – the people who are HIV-positive and the people who do not have the bare necessities of a decent life. As our activist judiciary is chronicled, he has earned a place as one of the pillars of the post-apartheid institution, our Constitutional Court, so admired around the world.
Later on, our paths diverged. I wondered why. One day, when I called him, Edwin told me that I might have to appear before him one day in my work as a journalist and an editor (who has been much in court) and that, therefore, the distance that required he would not have to recuse himself was important.
It meant the familiarity of calling "Edwinsky" as he was known at CALS was gone; he was Judge Cameron, but it taught me another lesson – how to be truly independent and to respect the critical distance that being practitioners in our two institutions required. DM
Centre for Applied Legal Studies
Edwin Cameron


text:
Newsday »
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2016 Roundup
Author Topic: 2016 Roundup (Read 35440 times)
Re: 2016 Roundup
We're doomed.
monkey!
Donald Trump for president, right?
There will come a day for every man when he will relish the prospect of eating his own shit. That day has yet to come for me.
Quote from: monkey! on November 03, 2015, 11:27:23 PM
Last I heard, Carson pulled ahead.
Reginald McGraw
Wee Bin Hoker
Crypto-Facist
I've seen zero polling with Carson ahead of Trump.
I did see one poll yesterday with Carson topping Hillary head-to-head.
Trump 2016!
You know what I'm fucking sick of? Trump. I'm sick of the people who love him. I'm sick of the people who think he's Hitler.
Here's the truth about Trump. You ready? It's not that exciting.
He can't win.
He'll be lucky to get a majority of delegate votes at the GOP convention, much less actually compete in a general election. Even if he wins every primary in every state, I think it's doubtful the GOP allows him to be the candidate. He's a third party candidate. The GOP will go with Marco Rubio to appeal to Latinos, maybe Ted Cruz to appeal to mediocrity. Trump will run as a third party candidate and split the GOP vote handing the election to Hillary.
There you have it. He's not Hitler. He's not Jesus. He's Ross Perot.
I'm sick of people who underestimate Trump!
Right now, it's all for show. The real impact comes once we hit the primaries. If Trump does start winning primaries, then the GOP blocking his nomination is not possible. That's not how the electoral college works. There's not some cabal that says, okay, the college wants to vote for you, but you're exiled.
If Trump manages (and real big if here) to develop a precinct-based machine that wins him states, the only option is for any dissenters in those ranks to split the state vote.
But you have to wonder...will there be dissenters?
Right now, yes, Trump is very much parallel to Ross Perot. He's mastered the showmanship aspect. Where Perot failed is that he didn't know how to create the precinct-level machine that he could bring to the convention. I think we'll all be quite surprised by Trump's ability to understand and manipulate that machine.
I think the GOP machine regards Trump with the same distaste as they do the Tea Party at this point. They've sullied the brand, by going too far in one direction. If they had their choice of maniac, they'd take Carson over Trump.
As a student of politics, do you really think Trump can win the long game? In order to do so, he has to moderate his message and I absolutely can't see him doing that. His ego is too huge. Ultimately, we don't want our president to be a loose cannon. We want somebody measured who is calm in a shit storm. Even Teddy Roosevelt's bluster was mostly for show.
Also, 2015 America is not 1933 Germany no matter what the insane memes say. Are people stupid enough to vote for Trump? Without a doubt. But I don't see it happening. I find the Nazi parallel ridiculous even with his stupid Muslim registration plan. (Besides, we're already a fascist police state.)
Trump can't win for the same reason Bernie can't win: the general public finds them too "extreme." Both really play to a small base. (Though Bernie isn't actually extreme at all. He's just fighting a system of corruption that's entrenched.) The media loves him because he gets eyes tuning in. He's a reality star.
I'm just sick of Trump invading every aspect of my internet experience. It's not even 2016 yet.
« Last Edit: December 10, 2015, 03:44:09 PM by RottingCorpse »
Oh my, god... And you're overestimating America!
"the general public finds them too "extreme.""
Oh? And you're basing that on...? Your liberal DC friends and followers? When you head to WVA, ask the people in the gas station, at the bar... Hell, Sirharles? You reading this? As our resident Republican, if it's Trump v. Hillary, what are you going to do?
I certainly don't agree with the Nazi parallel (again, it's made by people who don't understand how we're governed -- a president Trump wouldn't have the authority to do much of anything, because the GOP will ultimately block him at that stage).
But I do think Trump has the gumption and wherewithal to manipulate (and fucking buy) the precinct-level machine. I think he will carry states. I think he will bring the states to the convention. I think he's more a George Wallace than a Ross Perot. and I think we should be more concerned this time around because he does not have viable competition, as Wallace did (as Perot did).
I also think we should be concerned because, outside of the cities, we have the people who decide our elections and they're an uneducated rabble easily amused by Trump. Unless the GOP actively steps in now to sideline him -- and they haven't, they won't, they can't -- he's going to get the ball. It'll be his race to lose, and hell only lose it if he fails to negotiate the machine. But remember that that machine is not comprised of the GOPers you know and love and drink with at the Fox & Hounds.
You dismiss him as a reality star. In 2015 America, do you honestly believe that the mass of middle America wouldn't cheerfully vote for a reality star?
I think my pinko lib-lab buddies all up in Bernie's junk don't get it either. I like Bernie. Politically, I agree with Bernie. However Bernie is running *against* the machine. Not just the Clinton machine, but the Dems corporate political machine. Bernie isn't going to sway too many folks in the middle. (Though I could make a argument he's less polarizing than Hillary. The irony is that Hillary's camp are the ones making Bernie look like a socialist so she looks like a moderate.)
Now you could argue that Trump, a businessman at his core, has the GOP corporate political machine on his side. But that machine still wants to consolidate it's power. While a populist voice like Trump is what they need, Trump the candidate has disenfranchised too many constituents to be viable. The political machine sees this, which is why the entire moderate GOP base is panicking over Trump. They're looking at the long game. I assume (naively perhaps) that the GOPs understand they are going to need minority constituencies in order to win elections in 21st century America. They know the can't just count on the old white guy vote even with all the district gerrymandering in the world.
You talk about precincts. You think majority Latino precincts are going to vote for Trump? He'll have to back off his hardline immigration reform. He'll have to moderate, and I don't think the people who like Trump will like him if he softens. I think the Muslim registration thing will hurt him outside of middle redneck America. Though maybe he just needs to win VA, Ohio, and Florida and none of it matters.
I do agree that the GOP has no other candidate out there who seems viable so the GOP supporters will vote Trump before they vote Hillary. If it's Trump vs. Hillary, I think a lot of people will simply stay home. I think it'll be the lowest voter turnout for a presidential election in recent history. My belief (again, perhaps naive) is that ultimately, we all swing in the middle somewhere.
And ultimately, I think the GOP machine that wants to consolidate power would like to stop him. They just don't know how.
Though maybe he just needs to win VA, Ohio, and Florida and none of it matters.
Um...yes.
I don't put much stock in the Latino thing. The Latino vote, supposedly, puts so many states into play (of which FLA is the only one that really matters). So when we go back to the precinct-level thing (i.e., the electoral college), FLA is the only player. Maybe GA this time around. But the real face of the electoral college is Ohio, PA, IL, TX... These are places where Trump plays well because they're fucking rubes, or they think it's funny.
The electoral machine is a strange beast. Trump wouldn't have them in his pocket because he's a corporate wonk. All he has to do is convince them that it's time for a change, and that he's that change.
See, since 1968, elections have been about two little cookie cutters running against each other. Cookie Cutter #1 always says this, Cookie Cutter #2 always says that, and everyone toes the line and the small percentage of people who actually vote do what their daddies did.
Despite the over-saturation, we're actually living in interesting times. One party has shattered, the other party is too crippled from their near-permanent defensive crouch that they can't take advantage of the vacuum. This is a protest election. It's a statement election. It's a big, noisy, New Era for The Empire election.
And who better to play that up? The old guard party machine gal, or the enormously amusing orangutan?
I always compare America to the dying days of the Roman Republic, right? Our slow shift into empire. So if that history is accurate, this is Trump's election.
And, you know this. "They know they can't just count on the old white guy vote" -- while I take it out of context to do so, that phase applies to Hillary, and it's what we're all thinking. It's what I'm thinking!
So our only saving grace is -- who will she be up against? And, if Trump actually manages to get that far, could she stand her ground? No.
All conjecture here. We can argue all day. The proof will be in the pudding. If trump starts winning actual primaries and can establish a real base in addition to his reality king status, then the ballgame is over, man. No matter what you wish for. But I bet the chances are pretty even that he'll get there and implode (which is what happened to Perot -- he talked the talked but failed to walk the walk).
We'll see here in a couple months.
I think somebody emerges. Maybe Carson clarifies his message. Despite the fact that he says crazier shit than Trump half the time, Carson seems to me the GOPs best bet. He walks the party line, but step off it much. (Except when he plays to the deep tea party base and sounds like Dave Chappelle's black Klan member.) Sure the white supremacists stay home, but they're not going to carry the election anyway. He'll dip into the back vote.
Rubio is young and charismatic, but gets no traction. Cruz is as crazy as Trump, and 75% less interesting. Fiorina would get absolutely whacked by Hilary. Jeb Bush? Nobody is talking about him anymore.
Also, can't the delegates change their vote at the convention? I know they don't typically, but in the old days wasn't there actual backroom deals that decided the candidate or have I seen Citizen Kane too many times?
Quote from: RottingCorpse on December 10, 2015, 03:53:44 PM
"Faithless electors." They are allowed to vote for someone other than the candidate they pledged to vote for. It's never had an impact on an election and it usually spells the end of the elector's career.
Quote from: nacho on December 10, 2015, 01:44:26 PM
Oh really?!
That convinces me!


Instagram has introduced a new "Close Friends" feature which allows users to share photos with their favorite people. The function seeks to address the rise of "Finstagrams," fake Instagram accounts that millennials use to post more personal content.
Photos and videos that normally would be uploaded to someone's Instagram story can now be redirected to a curate group of close ones. Users can select the option now on their content screens via a green button on the bottom right corner. Instagram pre-selects accounts that you engage with to create suggestions for the "Close Friends" circle but users can also add and remove their own picks.
Log onto Instagram now to check out the "Close Friends" feature.


TNPSC VAO General English VAO Question Papers with answers 2016.
2. He often says how wonderful his school is?
3. She said I was the best boss they'd ever had. It was obvious she was praising me sincerely.
4. I must perfect the operation to make the perfect robot.
5. A kindly person is one who behaves kindly.
6. He is not normally a very fast runner, but he runs fast in major events.
Antigone was one of the daughters of Oedipus, that tragic figure of male power who had been cursed by Gods for mistakenly killing his father and subsequently marrying his mother and assuming the throne of Thebes. After the death of Oedipus civil war broke out and a battle was waged in front of the seventh gate of Thebes, his two sons led opposing factions and at the height of the battle fought and killed each other. Oedipus' brother, Creon, uncle of Antigone, was now undisputed master of the city. Creon resolved to make an example of the brother who had fought against him, Polynices, by refusing the right of honorable burial. The penalty of death was promulgated against any who should defy this order.
7. What is the main theme of the story of Antigone?
8. Why did Antigone decide to defy the orders of Creon?
9. What, in your opinion, would have been the logical end of the story?
16.Does the story approve the principle of vicarious liability ?
17. I have hit upon a good plan to get rid of him.
18. He is sticking out for better terms.
20.He refused to be led by the nose.
21.The new cotton mill is mortgaged up to the eye.
it for loaves and fishes.
words in the following questions?
33. Slavery was not done away………………until the last century.
34.Does he not take………. his father?
37. Sale have really taken…… now.


text:
The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at ASU is the largest of the 17 independent school units at Arizona State University. Students majoring in The college make up 31 percent of all Tempe campus students.

The college is home to three academic divisions including the humanities, natural sciences and social sciences. Within these divisions The college is home to 21 interdisciplinary schools and departments and 50 research centers and institutes. The college offers 100+ undergraduate majors and 150+ graduate degrees.

As of fall 2020, The college's total student enrollment was 16,241. As of fall 2019, The college's first-year retention rate was 86%, and its four-year graduation rate was 57%.

Organization
The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences is headed by Dean Patrick Kenney. Each of the three academic divisions is led by a divisional dean:
 Dean Jeffrey Cohen, Humanities
 Dean Kenro Kusumi, Natural Sciences

Location
The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences is located within Armstrong Hall on McAllister Avenue, as part of ASU's Tempe campus.

Notable people

Faculty*
 Greg Asner, National Academy of Sciences (NAS) member, 2013.
H. Russell Bernard, NAS member, 2010.
Jane Buikstra, NAS member, 1987.
Natalie Diaz, MacArthur Fellow, 2018; Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, 2021.
Lindy Elkins-Tanton, NAS Arthur L. Day Prize and Lectureship, 2020; NAS member, 2021.
James Elser, NAS member, 2019.
Nancy Grimm, NAS member, 2019.
Michael Goodchild, NAS member, 2002.
Lee Hartwell, NAS member, 1987; The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 2001.
Bert Hoelldobler, NAS member, 1998; Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction, 1991.
Mitchell Jackson, Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing, 2021.
Michael Lynch, NAS member, 2009.
Alexandra Navrotsky, NAS member, 1993.
Rebecca Sandefur, MacArthur Fellow, 2018.
Anne Stone, NAS member, 2016.
Polly Wiessner, NAS member, 2014.
Frank Wilczek, MacArthur Fellow, 1982; NAS member, 1990; The Nobel Prize in Physics, 2004.
*This list includes only current and living faculty at The college who have received a Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize or MacArthur Fellowship or who are members of the National Academy of Sciences.

Alumni
View outstanding and accomplished alumni at The College Alumni Network webpage: https://thecollege.asu.edu/alumni/network.

Academic Units

 Aerospace Studies
 American Indian Studies
 Department of English
 Department of Physics
 Department of Psychology
 Hugh Downs School of Human Communication
 Military Science
 Naval Science
 School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership
 School of Earth and Space Exploration
 School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning
 School of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies
 School of Human Evolution and Social Change
 School of International Letters and Cultures
 School of Life Sciences
 School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences
 School of Molecular Sciences
 School of Politics and Global Studies
 School of Social and Family Dynamics
 School of Social Transformation
 School of Transborder Studies

Research Centers and Institutes

 American Indian Policy Institute
 Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies
 Beyond: Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science
 Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center
 Center for Archaeology and Society
 Center for Asian Research
 Center for Behavior, Institutions and the Environment
 Center for Bioarchaeological Research
 Center for Biodiversity Outcomes
 Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis
 Center for Biological Physics
 Center for Biology and Society
 Center for Child and Family Success
 Center for Digital Antiquity
 Center for Education Through Exploration
 Center for Evolution and Medicine
 Center for Gender Equity in Science and Technology
 Center for Global Discovery
 Center for Global Health
 Center for Imagination in the Borderlands
 Center for Indian Education
 Center for Jewish Studies
 Center for Meteorite Studies
 Center for Political Thought and Leadership
 Center for Public Humanities
 Center for Social Dynamics and Complexity
 Center for Strategic Communication
 Center for the Advanced Study and Practice of Hope
 Center for the Study of Economic Liberty
 Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity
 Center for the Study of Religion and Conflict
 Center for Work and Democracy
 Center on the Future of War
 Chinese Language Flagship Center
 Desert Humanities Initiative
 Global Drylands Center
 Hispanic Research Center
 Humanities Lab
 Institute for Humanities Research
 Institute for Social Science Research
 Institute of Human Origins
 Interplanetary Initiative
 Lincoln Center for Applied Ethics
 Melikian Center: Russian, Eurasian and East European Studies
 Project Humanities
 REACH Institute
 Simon A. Levin Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center
 Spatial Analysis Research Center
 Urban Climate Research Center
 Virginia G. Piper Center for Creative Writing

Rankings
The following rankings are for Arizona State University overall. Rankings directly connected to disciplines and programs within The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences are listed.

Higher Education Research and Development Rankings (fiscal year 2018):
 No. 1 in geological and earth sciences.
No. 1 in anthropology.
No. 4 in social sciences.
No. 5 in humanities.
No. 5 in political science and government.
U.S. News & World Report (2021):

 No. 10 in undergraduate teaching
 No. 10 in first-year experiences

4+1/Accelerated Programs at The College
Accelerated (4+1) degree programs streamline a student's path from an undergraduate program to a master's degree. By combining undergraduate and graduate coursework in their senior year for dual credit, students can potentially save up to an entire year of schooling and receive both degrees in as little as five years. Students can view available pathways at the accelerated degrees (4+1) website: https://thecollege.asu.edu/degrees/accelerated. This website is updated regularly as new accelerated (4+1) degree options are added.

References

External links

Arizona State University
Liberal arts colleges at universities in the United States


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Aug 29, 2018. What is the recommended management of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in pregnant women?
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Daniel R. Tershak, Jr. M.D. is a General Surgery provider who sees patients at Carilion Clinic General Surgery – Roanoke.
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Heartburn, Acid Reflux & GERD Heartburn, or pain behind the breastbone, is a condition in which there is reflux of acid from the stomach into the sensitive esophagus, often caused by a relaxation or weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter, the ring of muscle between the esophagus and the stomach.
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Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a condition that affects children by causing a fall in the patients platelet count resulting in bruising & bleeding.
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text:
Solace report on health and social care integration.
Blog, 03 October 2013
A report by the Society of Local Authority Chief Executives sets out the principles the organisation believes should inform next-stage approaches to health and social care integration. CareKnowledge editor Jim Kennedy considers the key findings of the Solace report:
A report by the Society of Local Authority Chief Executives sets out the principles the organisation believes should inform next-stage approaches to health and social care integration. CareKnowledge editor Jim Kennedy considers the key findings of the Solace report.
I usually have only a limited time to prepare my blogs, which means I can miss key nuances in major publications. That may be the case with the Solace report. But with the time I've had, it seems to me that there is a large elephant in the room, which needs to be more fully explored than I believe it is in the report.
The issue that I think begs more detailed debate is the degree of devolution that the report's recommendations truly imply for the NHS.
To illustrate more clearly why I make this point, I need to go to Solace's press release introduction for the report. That makes it clear that Solace believes much fuller integration is desirable and inevitable, and goes on to note that this will require structural reform.
But it seems to me that the structural reform the report describes comes generally below the strategic level. What are envisaged as the goals of reform are shared commissioning, shared budgets and shared management teams. Those objectives would be delivered by "Health and Wellbeing Boards providing strategic, local leadership, across the system."
Taken together (and with a recognition that different areas will 'evolve' differently), these form the first principle for reform, set out in the report.
The proposed role for Health and Wellbeing Boards seems to me to pose big questions, though, about the national structure and management of the NHS and about the degree of devolution that would be necessary to support effective integration at the local level.
Discussions about the degree and type of NHS devolution are even more important because, as far as I can see, the policy document takes an holistic view of health and social care integration, as opposed to one focused on specific services or client groups.
(Such an holistic view seems necessary given the need for better health service integration as a precursor to anything more ambitious for health and social care.)
Maybe the decisions not to develop arguments about the implications of Health and Wellbeing Board leadership – and instead simply state a desired local end-point that signals the issue – is a wise one given the historical difficulties of delivering a more devolved, and locally democratically accountable NHS.
But I believe these issues need honest debate, even though that carries some risks.
If we really want more fully integrated local services, and if we believe in the value of local democratic accountability, devolving the bulk of accountability for the NHS to a local level could deliver real joined-up local services under a single management structure.
The risk, from a local government point of view, in addressing that debate directly, is that Government might prefer the option of achieving integration through bringing social care into the NHS, and creating a National Health and Care Service.
But, if the two obvious routes to complete integration – either at the local level or the national level – are discounted, achieving real change, which the public across England will be able to touch and feel, may be difficult.
Commentators have been queuing up for some time to say that years of tinkering have failed to deliver effective integration. Providing a 'leadership' role for Health and Wellbeing Boards, and allowing a 'differential devolution' for localities to develop at a variety of paces, may be seen as unlikely to deliver the step-change in integration that national politicians want to see.


text:
Films, Comedy films, American films,
American comedy films
1970s comedy films
1970s American comedy films
Films directed by Steven Spielberg
1941 (film)
Buzz Feitshans
Bob Gale
Lorraine Gary
Toshirō Mifune
Treat Williams
William A. Fraker
A-Team Productions
Universal Pictures (North America)
Columbia Pictures (International)
1941 is an American comedy film directed by Steven Spielberg. The cast of the film consists of Dan Aykroyd, Ned Beatty, John Belushi, Lorraine Gary, Murray Hamilton, Christopher Lee, Tim Matheson, Toshirō Mifune, Warren Oates, Robert Stack, and Treat Williams.
Dan Aykroyd as Motor Sergeant Frank Tree
Ned Beatty as Ward Douglas
John Belushi as Captain Bill Kelso
Lorraine Gary as Joan Douglas
Murray Hamilton as Claude Crumn
Christopher Lee as Captain Wolfgang von Kleinschmidt
Tim Matheson as Captain Loomis Birkhead
Toshirō Mifune as Commander Akiro Mitamura
Warren Oates as Colonel Maddox
Robert Stack as Major General Joseph W. Stilwell
Treat Williams as Corporal Chuck Sitarski
v · d · eSteven Spielberg
Awards and nominations • Filmography
Films directed
Firelight (1964) • Slipstream (1967) • Amblin' (1968) • Night Gallery ("Eyes" segment, 1969) • L.A. 2017 (1971) • Duel (1971) • Something Evil (1972) • Savage (1973) • The Sugarland Express (1974, also wrote) • Jaws (1975) • Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977, also wrote) • 1941 (1979) • Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) • E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) • Twilight Zone: The Movie ("Kick the Can" segment, 1983) • Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) • The Color Purple (1985) • Empire of the Sun (1987) • Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) • Always (1989) • Hook (1991) • Jurassic Park (1993) • Schindler's List (1993) • The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) • Amistad (1997) • Saving Private Ryan (1998) • A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001, also wrote) • Minority Report (2002) • Catch Me If You Can (2002) • The Terminal (2004)War of the Worlds (2005) • Munich (2005) • Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008) • The Adventures of Tintin (2011) • War Horse (2011) • Lincoln (2012) • Bridge of Spies (2015) • The BFG (2016) • The Post (2017) • Ready Player One (2018)
Films written
Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies (1973) • Poltergeist (1982, also produced) • The Goonies (1985)
Films produced
An American Tail: Fievel Goes West (1991) • Memoirs of a Geisha (2005) • Flags of Our Fathers (2006) • Letters from Iwo Jima (2006) • Super 8 (2011) • The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014)
Amazing Stories (1985–87) • High Incident (1996–97) • Invasion America (1998)
Amblin Partners (Amblin Entertainment • Amblin Television • DreamWorks Television • Amblimation • DreamWorks)
Retrieved from "https://movies.fandom.com/wiki/1941_(film)?oldid=118565"


text:
Q: Getting null dns of newly created instance I am writing below code to get public dns of newly created instance however i am getting null
DescribeInstancesResult describeInstancesRequest = amazonEC2Client.describeInstances(new DescribeInstancesRequest());
List<Reservation> reservations = describeInstancesRequest.getReservations();

for (Reservation reservation : reservations) {
    for (Instance instance1 : reservation.getInstances()) {

        dns = instance1.getPublicDnsName();
        if(!(dns.equals("")))
        {

            break;
        }

    }
}
System.out.println("value:" + dns);

A: For all non running instances, the dns name is null. You can check documentation for Instance class

This name is not available until the instance enters the running
  state

In case you run with a VPC
When you launch an instance into a VPC, Amazon provides the instance with public and private DNS hostnames only if DNS hostnames are enabled for the VPC. By default, DNS hostnames are enabled only for default VPCs and VPCs that you create using the VPC wizard in the VPC console.
Amazon supports the following VPC attributes to control DNS support. Be sure to set both attributes to true if you want your instances to have public DNS hostnames that are accessible from the Internet.

*

*enableDnsHostnames

*enableDnsSupport


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PIANI CUCINA IN CORIAN® SU MISURA.
IL CORIAN® AL GIORNO D'OGGI RAPPRESENTA IL MASSIMO DELL'AVANGUARDIA IN MATERIA DI ARREDO.
TOP IN CORIAN® PER SUPERFICI DA ARREDAMENTO E ARCHITETTURA CHE OFFRE PRESTAZIONI DI GRANDE VERSATILITÀ PROGETTUALE, UTILIZZABILE PER APPLICAZIONI IN AMBIENTI RESIDENZIALI E COMMERCIALI, DAGLI HOTEL AGLI OSPEDALI, DAI NEGOZI AGLI YACHT, DALLA RISTORAZIONE AGLI AEROPORTI.
REALIZZAZIONE DI ARMADI SU MISURA.
IN RELAZIONE ALLE AREE DI RICEVIMENTO.


text:
package toxics

import "time"

// The SlowCloseToxic stops the TCP connection from closing until after a delay.
type SlowCloseToxic struct {
	// Times in milliseconds
	Delay int64 `json:"delay"`
}

func (t *SlowCloseToxic) Pipe(stub *ToxicStub) {
	for {
		select {
		case <-stub.Interrupt:
			return
		case c := <-stub.Input:
			if c == nil {
				delay := time.Duration(t.Delay) * time.Millisecond
				select {
				case <-time.After(delay):
					stub.Close()
					return
				case <-stub.Interrupt:
					return
				}
			}
			stub.Output <- c
		}
	}
}

func init() {
	Register("slow_close", new(SlowCloseToxic))
}


text:
Doctor Benardout
This chapter was started quite a long time ago, towards the very beginning of the research into our Family, because the "Benardout Medical Dynasty " popped up on the Internet every time I looked for the name, - it just couldn't be ignored. I was frankly staggered that none of us seems ever to have heard of such a thing considering our Family arrogance but there you are. Admit it, - you hadn't. So this became ipso facto a subject worthy of deeper research.
But so much about the family world-wide was yet to be sought out and sorted that other challenges over-rode and the Dr.'s chapter remained fallow. Still, now [2015] its time has come.
In the meantime, much more material had come to hand. This is not difficult if you're sitting in a University Library and have all the time in the world but works out to be a little slower for an old-age Pensioner sitting in the desert alone with his computer, although Marlene Shternbach has been looking out and finding items and sources on this subject too.
I felt that as a first step one had to choose what can be termed "a central authority ", one respected historical source which can be relied upon and quoted from without fear of error and which would take centre stage in any tale to be told.
The book chosen as our "central authority " is Joseph Shatzmiller's "Jews, Medicine, and Medieval Society " [JS] thanks to the fact that it is relatively up to date, [1994], is in English, covers more than just the current subject, includes more detailed authorities and indexing almost than it does content and, - devotes a good 4 pages to the Benardout Dynasty (his word, not mine), which it would be churlish not to honour.
Shatzmiller determines that our dynasty is "the best documented case in Reconquisista Spain " of doctors who successfully reached "the princely courts " and attained wealth fame and political power. Well now, - ain't that something ?!!
It is only right to stress here and now that this is not a declaration that we were the greatest, the best, the most famous, but we are the best-documented which, as a Lawyer, I fully appreciate to be the most important thing since only with evidence can you present a Case - and we seem to have the best evidence available.
But this is not the only concentrated Doctor Benardout material available however. One cannot avoid coming across a great number of references to a Paper published in Spain in 1947 by Cardoner and Vendrell [C V] described by Shatzmiller as "this rich study " and entitled : "Aportaciones al studio de la familia Abenardut, medicos reales " and much quoted from by him and by others.
One general fact is very clearly laid down in CV - that the medical Benardout Family came originally from Navarre, from Tudela, established and later went on to maintain what we will call "medical centers " in Zaragoza, Huesca, Lerida and Valencia. Evidence of this "distribution " can already be found in other chapters of this Survey. As to their medical or even other activity in Navarre itself I have - alas - found very little but what there is can be read in the "Navarre " chapter on this Site.
It is clearly possible today (March 2017), to reach a tentative conclusion that the Navarre Branch of the Family, (the earliest date we have for their Iberian presence is at Tudela in 1146), was originally from Southern Spain, - coming North long before even the Reconquisista of Tudela in 1121. For one Muca Benardout was already well established in Tudela by the time the Christians arrived although he is not recorded as having been a Doctor. Medicine was of course no less a definite Moorish and Jewish profession in southern Spain than it was a Jewish and Christian one in the north, and seems by all accounts to have fused quite successfully with the practice of both Tudela and Perpingnan.
If you go through the JS Index you will find four main references to the Abenardout dynasty of Aragon - El'azar, Joseph, Moses and Salomon. Some of these, together with a Chaim, (my spelling), appear under the variant of Abin Ardut and one as Avenarduc too, (a true form of the Family name at that time and possibly with a French inflection), but names of other family Doctors have been brought from published sources and many more variants of the name have been uncovered.
This all incidentally provides further confusion thanks to the general practice of inter-changeable names and surnames in those days.
OTHER MEDICAL DYNASTIES
The medical dynasty was not unique to us let it be said, nor was ours alone in its medical success, riches and social upgrading, but all sources do treat our family as having been somewhat different to the others. What certainly seems to be different is the manner in which the family physicians succeeded over the earlier years to avoid or to become exempt from the broad "ecclesiastical prohibition " upon Christians against accepting treatment and medicines from Jewish medical hands. From a reading of the material it is clear that this rule was honoured only in its breach where the Benardout's were concerned, - a talent we seem to have brought down through the ages !!
Another such dynasty was that of Ibn Tibbon, (no doubt fierce competitors), and JS states : "Historians have no difficulty in discovering such Jewish dynasties, as study of the south of France by Isaac Alteras has shown ".
Kindly note again the reference to Southern France giving further support to the idea that we - or part of us - may well have come south from there to Navarre and then to Aragon, even if that is still an open question. The "massive " expulsion of Jews southwards from France towards the end of the 13th century did result, quite definitely, in an influx crossing over into Catalonia and beyond [MCV].
Sources are listed at the end of this Chapter and referred to by initials.
THE DYNASTY
I have attempted to cobble together a readable story with batches of detail as to time and place, something like a tool of learning, in the same way we once learnt that Richard I came after William II and who did what and to whom......
The family physicians were regularly and notably Court physicians, historically famous for it and that is without any doubt whatsoever. Much more detail can be obtained from the original sources upon which the authors themselves rely but did not bring in full of course, but as usual that requires translation from the Spanish and a visit to the Archives themselves in Spain. But what is brought here from records is quite illuminating I would say.
First Mentioned - Name - and Short History
Sources : JS, MCV, AC, AH, BL
1178 Salomon Avenardusi, from Navarre
Taken verbatim from JS - "The first Abenardut physician we know about was Salomon Avenardusi, referred to as 'medicus' and as 'alfaquim', who was in King Sancho of Navarre's retinue in 1178 [BL].
A strange and unexplained gap now appears until the Medical dynasty showed itself again, but now in Aragon 140 years later.
1319 Moshe Abenardout, from Huesca
already had a wide reputation in the Christian world, - "was in receipt of a yearly grant of wheat from the abbot of Montearagon for medical services and was sent to Luesia by Queen Blanca of Aragon to treat the daughter of the Lord of Ayabe. By 1319 was in the service of infante Alfons and in 1322 physician to his consort, Teresa. In 1321 he attempted the cure of Ruggerio II de Loria and in 1323 accompanied his Patron, Alfons, on the conquest of Sardinia, where Moshe died ".
Another source provides some of the above detail but adds a reference to "the Arabic Version of the Calendar from Cordova to which is attached "an incomplete copy of the pharmacopoeia of Moshe who was physician to the Infante Alfonso of Aragon " and adding that this was probably added by Moshe himself for his own use. A document full of Family history indeed !
JS expresses regret in his Work that so little is known of Moshe, one of the dynasty's first acknowledged successes.
1323 El'azar Abenardut, also from Huesca and Moshe's Son
is said to have "soon surpassed his father's achievements ". He is seen by all as the prime personality of the Dynasty. When Moshe left for Sardinia in 1323, El'azar, (then physician to the infante Blanca, prioress of Signa, south east of Huesca), was sent to give his opinion on the health of young Ruggiero II. King James II began to give him administrative responsibilities and exemptions and El'azar then followed his father as physician to the infante Alfons, physician to Teresa and later to Alfons himself once he had become King.
Elazar's position allowed him to collate great power and influence in all that concerned the Jewish community of Aragon - He soon became, in effect, the crown's principal minister for matters having to do with the Jews of the Crown of Aragon. In 1328 he was the Jewish member of a three-man committee appointed to raise "thirty thousand shillings on the occasion of the marriage of the king's daughter ". This service was rewarded when his brother Salomon had monetary troubles and El'azar was able to influence the king "to impose a light and reasonable program of repayments "......is that not true Benardoutism or is it not ? It's awfully familiar.
After Alfons died, El'azar continued under King Pere III (1335). In that year he treated the king for a fractured leg although it is not at all clear whether it was Alfons who then passed away after treatment or Pere who lived happily through it. In 1336 El'azar was again able to use his influence in favour of a group of six Jews from Huesca, including his own son, Juce, who had allegedly assaulted a Muslim.
As royal physician he was not a resident at Court but was at its inevitable disposal. On 29th August, 1337, the king ordered him to Zaragossa to take care of the daughter of a royal counselor, Miguel Pedro Capata.
Two serious diplomatic missions are known of, - in 1331 "a secret mission to Tarragona ", and in 1333 to the Knights of St. John in Catalonia concerning Moorish Granada's preparations to attack Valencia. In that same year El'azar represented the king personally in a dispute with Aragon's financier, Isma'el Ablites, "with unlimited powers of representation ".
He accompanied Pere in the conquest of Mallorca and Roussillon in 1343-4, and in 1344 was seconded to the Archbishop of Zaragossa to care for the prelate and the infanta Yolanda, wife of Leopold de Luna. He continued supplying medicines at the siege of Argelers in 1345.
El'azar had two sons trained as physicians, Juce (Joseph) and Vidal - and he died in around the year 1350.
1333 Juce (Joseph) Abenardut of Huesca, El'azar's brother or son
I have come across three doctors from Huesca of this name. The earliest was already practicing medicine at this date, and did so until at least 1360, although by 1351 he had himself received the post of royal physician, and according to another source as physician to the Infant , Joan. A second of that name was apparently born 29 July, 1351, died 4 July, 1414), and a third Juce, also of Huesca, seems to have born 21 June 1405, died 10 May, 1434.
1348-52 Vidal Abenardut of Huesca, El'azar's son
Vidal served the King at least during the period 1348-1352. He is described as Maestro when referred to in a Notarial document (and there seem to be many more there relating to the Family generally), held at the Huesca Municipal Archives, [Mateo Perez de Riglos, 1351, folio 346v], just one example from those Archives.
This run of three generations of doctors in the same town holding the same posts and positions, - even if restricted to Jewish community matters in their political appointments, - is notable for the way in which on the medical side they succeeded in routinely, and profitably, serving the Christian aristocracy, - including the religious one.
1391 Moshe Abenardut of Zaragoza
(not Huesca, an entirely different Moshe), is recorded in a few places as having had medical business with a Christian patient in the year 1390, concerning a "curious " incident over money - (Trust Us !). An Alazar is mentioned there as Moshe's son and although one would assume that this is clearly a different couple to the Huesca one, caution as to dates, places and names is always recommended.
1397 Joseph - In a publication by Nathan Koren [NK]
there is a short reference to a Joseph as having been exempted from taking an examination for a medical licence in 1397 - perhaps indicating the privileged position held by the Dynasty, - but more meaning that he actually received his licence that year, - (translators differ). But since a Joseph was already well established in 1351, this would indicate a fourth generation, perhaps the brother of Haym next following and Ela'zar's grandson.
1397-8 Haym Avenardut, also from Huesca
who has the same comment against his name and from the same year of 1397. This too indicates a fourth generation and another source gives this as the year of his birth - died 8 March, 1452.
There are, by the way, references to one Bernart de Pomar practicing in Zaragossa in this year, alongside Jewish doctors and who, in view of this proven converso name obtaining in our Family, might well be worth further attention. However this material is in Spanish and, one should add from the little I do understand, that he is always referred to there as a Christian but never as a "converso ".
1415 Duran Gudiol, Juderia de Huesca pp. 76-77
writes that "the Benardut family could boast physicians as late as 1415 ", although we are now able to bring here even later examples. This source refers to an El'azar Ibn Ardut dictating his last Will in Huesca that year, although unlikely, in view of the dates, to be the famous one.
1457 Astruch Avinardut from Huesca
Born 9 September, 1457, died 1 May 1478. Whilst I came across this name quite often as being a man of medicine, all attempts to learn more had produced nothing until he was shown as having an alias : Cohen of course !! That has not taken us much further however, and to date very little seems to be known about him. The name does appear amongst 158 Jewish Families - (with 13 family members), - in what appears to be a male name-list or census presented to King James II at the City of Lleida on the 27th September, 1315, but clearly indicating much earlier members of the Family. This particular document is in Latin which my own school-boy level of knowledge does not allow me to translate. There does not yet seem to be any medical aspect to that 1315 list however.
References to Benardout doctors in two documents brought by Antonio Duran Gudiol in his : "La Juderia de Huesca ".
FIRST IN TIME AND PLACE
The first fact usually sought out is the answer to the question : When and where was our presence first established ?
Everyone wants to know that and to tell you the truth, everyone has a somewhat conflicting version to offer. For example, in the "Before Aragon - Navarre ? " chapter there is well-based reference to the first Benardout in that Kingdom, described as being himself one of the original founders of its Jewish Community there. In terms of period therefore, and since Alfonso the Battler took Tudela from the Moors only in 1121 with a Jewish Community already in place, this means that the Benardouts were also already there and of Moorish background and culture, from some time before 1121. And as we can now see, the very first known Doctor Benardout was there at the latter end of the 12th century, (see above).
By way of support for this, an Article based on 15th century Notarial records of 36 Jewish physicians in the city of Huesca [AH], states authoritatively that the Avinardut medical dynasty had its origins in Tudela - Navarre indeed, - not in Huesca itself and even though the Article deals only with the later period - post 1300 - and only with that Aragonese city.
The same Article also mentions a Benardout medical presence in Zaragoza, in Larida and in Valencia, (where the rich Salomon Benardout died, he who was the grandfather of our first known and well-documented converso, - David de Rau). But was Salomon a Doctor too ? Not known.
BY THE MONETARY AND SUCCESS QUOTIENTS
El'azar Abenardut, the most famous of the Family doctors, was described as "not only famous - presumably also rich ", not only from the practice of medicine but because he was also a courtier and close confidant to Kings as we have seen.
But as is the way of Kings, they promise much but are very slow to deliver, and El'azar's master is described as such, - there were "long delays " in reimbursing the Court physician, (a true euphemism if ever I saw one), the Treasury was always empty and other ways of reimbursement for services had to be found.
Assigning the physician feudal rights and revenues owing to the monarch himself was a simple method and El'azar enjoyed that too. Whilst this method of payment applied to all, Jewish doctors usually received such where the monies to be collected already had a Jewish taint. Christian money generally would go to Christians, - Jewish money to the Jewish doctor. Reasonable enough, I suppose.
But other assets could be offered, desirable posts within the State hierarchy dealing with Jews only were also much appreciated, - such as that of supreme judge over all the Jews in the Realm, (a position equivalent to the "alcalde major " who judged the Moslem community and itself termed the "rav major "), which El'azar received in 1332.
El'azar indeed held that post in Aragon, thought to have originated from the post of Head of Diaspora Jewry from the early middle-ages, - the exilarch "having responsibility for the revenue due to the state by the Jews and for the orderly management of Jewish Communities ".
This appointment carried with it "emoluments " or in other words, - all that could be squeezed out of it as fees for permits, appointments within the Jewish community itself and anything else that produced money and was no doubt made to do so !!
The other way of becoming rich, - as El'azar also did, - was by receiving an exemption from all the taxes applied specifically to Jews, - first he received this in 1336 for 7 years and then the whole family's income-tax rate was limited to 9 shillings on every 500 shillings, - a very desirable rate for any period of history !! In 1340 he and his family were declared "francos ", - perhaps the cheapest of all methods employed to pay the royal medical bills.
And even when King Pere revoked all such privileges, El'azar and his family were exempted and spared its effects.
JS brings some detail of El'azar's income from the royal hand : in 1326 - 1,000 shillings, confirmed in 1328, 1333 and 1340. In 1326 he received exclusive notarial rights in Huesca where Jewish affairs were dealt with, an income also confirmed in 1328 and 1340. His post of Appeal Court Judge from 1332 also generated work as paid Arbitrator in inheritance and other lucrative disputes.
In a book called : "Studies of Joseph Ibn Caspi " [E.J. Brill, Leiden, Netherlands, 1975], there is a footnote describing how Caspi, a wealthy man perpetually searching for fellow-philosophers amongst the Jewish Communities of Europe, but who "unfortunately never really succeeded in this quest ", recites in the introduction to his "Geliley Kesef " that on a visit to Majorca, - (about 1330) - and as a possible exception to that failure :
"And I have dwelt here in the company of the Doctor Elazar ibn Ardut, may his Maker have mercy on him, and have "delighted in the love " {Proverbs 7:18} of the many honored residents of the city. And I have seen fit to leave a small blessing in this place for the entire community is holy ".
Caspi refers to El'azar as "the distinguished scholar " and "the priest - HaCohen " and JS comments that he apparently expected his broad readership throughout Western Europe and the Middle East, "to know who the great man was ".
One may be permitted perhaps to see in all this evidence that here and there and from time to time Benardouts really have brought joy to others not only to themselves, as befits a family of medical men. Something to be modestly proud of.
AND NOT TO FORGET les autres
Most of the material come across which gives any modicum of detail is usually by way of reference, - to notarial protocols and the like. In the chapter on Tarazona, for example, such protocols have been edited by M.S. Dolader, but in these "medical " cases I have found such work only in EBG but still, of course, in the ancient Spanish.
However, that does not prevent listing such as seem to be clearly on the point from this chapter's point of view. In the cases of Tarazona and of Huesca at least, those Protocols are also available for review to anyone visiting the Archives.
The very useful list of the Jewish doctors at Huesca to be found in EBG even if clearly relying on other published works, allows us to cross-check the scattered detail already accumulated.
For example, four Avinardut doctors are listed by EBG with references to documents concerning them and I bring these in full. The dates are those of the Protocols themselves. The Protocols need to be translated from the Spanish of course, - which, alas, I am unable to do, - but the material is there, waiting for another Benardout to take up the task.
Juce Avinardut - mentioned on 29.07.1351 and 04.07.1414. The dates might seem to confuse since if Juce was already qualified and took over El'azar's role as royal physician in 1351, (third generation), the last date of 1414 would make him at least 90 at the latter date. However, there is no mention as to this being the date of his death nor has the nature of that second notarial document been ascertained. It may well relate historically to Juce's Estate or relatives, or to a property originally owned by him.
Haym Avinardut - mentioned in January, 1398 and on the 08.03.1452. As the latter date refers to a date of death, then we have the answer that Haym was a young man in 1397 when he was exempted from the need to take medical examinations, - or qualified as a practioner as the case may have been, (translators offer both possibilities). In the case of an exemption it would presumably have been upon the strength of the Family name alone (together with the proper sweetener, no doubt !!). Anyhow, - pretty clearly the fourth generation.
Juce Avinardut - mentioned on 21.06.1405 and 10.05.1434. Again, this would seem to be the fourth generation since in 1397 he was also "exempted " from taking his medical examination, - apparently together with Haym - and they would seem to have been brothers.
Astruch Avinardut - mentioned on 09.09.1457 and 01.05.1478. It was from this source we learnt why we could not find detail of Astruch - he simply went under the "alias " of Cohen.
One wonders why he is the only one to display the "Cohen " formally, but I must tell you that my own Father did exactly the same thing in the 1920's-30's when he was a young man in the UK waiting for his naturalisation. Perhaps like Astruch he though "Cohen " was an easier name to live under - and to spell correctly - than "Benardout " !
AND TODAY
Obviously one has been prompted to wonder if we could not possibly be watching the early makings of a modern dynasty and you are implored if you know of any others throughout the World, - to please, please, let us know.
One also has to wonder whether that spread of western education which our own grandparents took up with such enthusiasm in Salonika itself, - did it not encourage the genes to come through ?
In other places in this Survey mention has been made of a Doctor in Salonika who reached the USA where two of his sons became practicing Doctors, - one in his Father's own new New York home-town and seen by the local patients as "the young Dr. Benardot ", - thus returning to a fine tradition ?
BY THE WAY .....AND MORE ABOUT THE NAME
During these researches, I incidentally came across a source - [JGS] - which contains the following sentence :
The Catalan name Ardut, Bonardut or Ardit (dynasty of doctors of X in XV century) was Italianized in Venice to Arditti or Arditi, the name spread in Salonique, Istanbul and Smyrna in its Italian form.
This might be seen as throwing a little light upon the question as to if and when Benardouts may have become Arditis or vice-versa. Or whether we were originally two entirely separate Families within the Jewish Communities of Spain, North Africa or the Balkans ?
It seems clear that this was far from being a modern creation. The period being referred to by the author is from those years shortly after the Expulsion with the reference to Venice making it clear, - in your collator's humble opinion, - that the change which came about during the subsequent traipse eastwards over the 16th century was one of language, not one of substance.
However, there are plenty of references to the Ardit family in MDM for example, describing them as silversmiths in Aragon and elsewhere, already members of professions other than medicine during the 14th and 15th centuries in Spain and very well established but without any openly stated connection there with any Benarduts who, as a family name, were no less noticable.
Although, therefore, the author determines the form of Ardit, extant in Catalunya, as having a connection to Benardut, - a point never come across before in all our other researches into the Spanish background to date, - even if hinting that they were always the same family, - he brings no evidence to support this. And if what he says about the Italianisation of the name is correct, then why are there so many Benardouts who appear in Salonika's history over the centuries since - and so few Arditis ?
As to the origins or meaning of our name, I have again come across Articles evidencing possibilities we raised at the start of the Survey, - as also that one basis for it may well be the Arabic ardu which has the meaning of Slave, - for why should we not have been the sons of slaves in the Moorish mines of northern Spain ? Or slave owners ? Long before the Reconquest ?
And then, if it is a totally Catalan name, there is the Catalan "ardu ", an adjective meaning : arduous / difficult / grueling, and even more interestingly : "ardit ", a noun meaning : scheme or an adjective meaning : bold, (from the Latin), a possibility also raised before.
And here is another item concerning the name. In Natan Koren's book, [NK] the name is followed by what may well be a Basque or Catalan version of it : ABENDARGOT - cross-referencing it with three other better-known versions. This is shown consistently by him and of course raises possibilities we have not looked into before. However, it was not possible to learn what the base was for this determination, so we have to leave that over for the time being !
JS - Joseph Shatzmiller : Jews, Medicine, and Medieval Society - University of California Press, 1994.
C V - CARDONER IPLANAS ANTONIO y VENDRELL FRANCISCA : Aportaciones al estudio de la familia Abenardut, medicos reales - Sefarad VII, 1947 p. 304-348.
AH - Archivo Historico Provincial de Huesca
JMR - Joseph Maria Roca - L'estudi general de Lleyda [Barcelona - 76].
AC - Ann Christys - Christians in Al-Andalus 711-1000 - [Routledge, New York, 2002 - Page 123].
JGS - The Jewish Genealogy Association - Jews in Italy by Lionel L eacute;vy, site 2015.
NK - Natan Koren - "Jewish Physicians - A Biological Index ", - [Israel Universities Press 1973].
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A Short Family Survey
El Retorno de Tarazona
And before Aragon, Navarre ?
Dr Benardout
The Family in Wartime Britain


James E. "Moose" Stephens Jr.
James "Moose" E. Stephens, Jr. of York Springs died Thursday September 6, 2018, at the age of 65.
James graduated from Bermudian Springs High School class of 1977. He worked first for Penn Central Rail Road and retired from Norfolk Southern working as a Conductor.
James found joy in all things racing including being a part of his son's and granddaughter's pit crew.
James is survived by his wife Deborah (Emig) Stephens; his son James Eugene Stephens III and companion Wendi Dietrich; his granddaughter Madison Stephens; his bonus granddaughters Haylee and Brynn Dietrich. He is also survived by his brothers Robert Stephens and David Stephens; his sisters Debra Stephens and husband Tim Bishop, Cheryl Simpson and husband Joseph Simpson, and Teresa Miklos and husband Brian Miklos; his nieces and nephews Telly Taylor and husband Dan Taylor, Stuart Stephens, Anthony Simpson, Nichole Stephens, Tanner Miklos, and Lydia Miklos; his great nephews Owen, Gavin, Ryan, and Taylor.
He was preceded in death by his father James E. Stephens, Sr., mother Nancy (Taylor) Stephens, and brother John Stephens.
A memorial service of James' life will be held on Saturday October 13, 2018, at 2:00PM at Beck Funeral Home & Cremation Service, Inc., 175 N. Main St. Spring Grove PA 17362, with Chaplain Bill Smith officiating. A gathering will be held from 1:00-2:00PM at the funeral home.
In lieu of flowers, contributions in James' memory can be made to Christmas for Kids, c/o Mason-Dixon ABATE, Domingo Rivera 900 South Albemarle Street York PA 17403.
"As a long-time client and friend of Cheryl Simpson, please..."
"Jim and I grew up together. I will miss him"