text:
// Copyright 2009 Xito.org
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package org.xito.dazzle.utilities;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

import javax.swing.UIManager;

/**
 * This class is used to install action listeners for specific Apple application events.
 * This can be used to handle quit events, About events, and Preference Events.
 * @author deane
 */
public class MacApplicationUtilities {

    private static Class macAdapterClass;
    private static Class macAppListenerInterface;
    private static Class macAppEventClass;
    private static Object macAdapterInstance;
    private static Object macAppListenerInstance;

    private static ActionListener quitListener;
    private static ActionListener prefListener;
    private static ActionListener aboutListener;

    /**
     * Return true if the mac os is least 10.5 or greater
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean isAtLeastMacOSVersionX5() {
       if(!isRunningOnMac()) return false;

       String osVersion = System.getProperty("os.version");
       StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(osVersion, ".");
       ArrayList<String> verNums = new ArrayList<String>();
       while(st.hasMoreTokens()) {
          verNums.add(st.nextToken());
       }

       //we want the second version number
       if(verNums.size() > 2) {
          return Integer.parseInt(verNums.get(1)) >= 5;
       }
       else {
          //shouldn't really happen
          return false;
       }
    }

    /**
     * Return true if the app is running on a Mac
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean isRunningOnMac() {

        String os = System.getProperty("os.name");

        if(os.equals("Mac OS X")) {
            return true;
        }
        else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Install the Aqua Look and Feel and set the apple.laf.useScreenMenuBar property
     */
    public static void initAquaLookAndFeel() {
        try {
            if(isRunningOnMac()) {
                UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
                System.setProperty("apple.laf.useScreenMenuBar", "true");
            }
        }
        catch(Exception exp) {
            exp.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Insatll an ActionListener to handle Mac Applicatino Quit Action
     * @param quitActionListener
     */
    public static void installQuitActionHandler(ActionListener quitActionListener) {

        if(!isRunningOnMac()) return;

        initMacApplicationInstance();
        initMacApplicationListener();

        quitListener = quitActionListener;
    }

    /**
     * Install an ActionListener to handle Mac Application Preference action
     * @param prefActionListener
     */
    public static void installPreferenceActionHandler(ActionListener prefActionListener) {

        if(!isRunningOnMac()) return;

        initMacApplicationInstance();
        initMacApplicationListener();

        prefListener = prefActionListener;

        try {

            //
            // macAdapterInstance.addPreferencesMenuItem();
            //
            Method addPrefsMethod = macAdapterClass.getMethod("addPreferencesMenuItem");
            addPrefsMethod.invoke(macAdapterInstance);

            //
            // macAdapterInstance.setEnabledPreferencesMenu(true);
            //
            Method enablePrefsMethod = macAdapterClass.getMethod(
                    "setEnabledPreferencesMenu",
                    new Class[]{Boolean.TYPE});
            enablePrefsMethod.invoke(macAdapterInstance,
                    new Object[]{Boolean.TRUE});

        }
        catch(Exception exp) {

        }
    }

    /**
     * Install an ActionListener to handle Mac Application About action
     * @param aboutActionListener
     */
    public static void installAboutActionHandler(ActionListener aboutActionListener) {

        if(!isRunningOnMac()) return;

        initMacApplicationInstance();
        initMacApplicationListener();

        aboutListener = aboutActionListener;

        try {
            //
            // macAdapterInstance.setEnabledAboutMenu(true);
            //
            Method enableAboutMethod = macAdapterClass.getMethod("setEnabledAboutMenu",
                    new Class[]{Boolean.TYPE});

            enableAboutMethod.invoke(macAdapterInstance,
                    new Object[]{Boolean.TRUE});

            //
            // macAdapterInstance.addAboutMenuItem();
            //
            Method addAboutMethod = macAdapterClass.getMethod("addAboutMenuItem");
            addAboutMethod.invoke(macAdapterInstance);

        }
        catch(Exception exp) {
            exp.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    /**
     * Installer a listener for mac applications
     */
    private static void initMacApplicationListener() {

        if(macAppListenerInstance != null) return;

        try{
            //
            // macAdapterInstance.addApplicationListener(
            //         new MacApplicationListener(editPrefAction));
            //
            Method addAppListenerMethod = macAdapterClass.getMethod(
                    "addApplicationListener",
                    new Class[]{macAppListenerInterface});

            macAppListenerInstance = Proxy.newProxyInstance(
                    macAppListenerInterface.getClassLoader(),
                    new Class[]{macAppListenerInterface},
                    new MacApplicationListenerProxyInvocationHandler(macAppEventClass));

            addAppListenerMethod.invoke(macAdapterInstance, macAppListenerInstance);
        }
        catch(Exception exp) {
            exp.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

   /**
    * Set Dock Icon Badge Text
    * @param text to place on Dock Icon
    */
    public static void setDockIconBadge(String text) {

        if(!isRunningOnMac()) return;

        initMacApplicationInstance();
        initMacApplicationListener();

        try {
            //
            // macAdapterInstance.setDockIconBadge(text);
            //
            Method setDockIconBadge = macAdapterClass.getMethod("setDockIconBadge",
                    new Class[]{String.class});

            setDockIconBadge.invoke(macAdapterInstance, text);
        }
        catch(Exception exp) {
            exp.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

   /**
    * Set Dock Icon Image
    * @param image for Dock Icon
    */
    public static void setDockIconImage(Image image) {

       if(!isRunningOnMac()) return;

        initMacApplicationInstance();
        initMacApplicationListener();

        try {
            //
            // macAdapterInstance.setDockIconImage(image);
            //
            Method setDockIconImage = macAdapterClass.getMethod("setDockIconImage",
                    new Class[]{Image.class});

            setDockIconImage.invoke(macAdapterInstance, image);
        }
        catch(Exception exp) {
            exp.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

   /**
    * Set a Menu to be used on the Dock Icon
    * @param dockMenu menu to use on Dock Icon
    */
    public static void setDockMenu(PopupMenu dockMenu) {

       if(!isRunningOnMac()) return;

        initMacApplicationInstance();
        initMacApplicationListener();

        try {
            //
            // macAdapterInstance.setDockMenu(dockMenu);
            //
            Method setDockMenu = macAdapterClass.getMethod("setDockMenu",
                    new Class[]{PopupMenu.class});

            setDockMenu.invoke(macAdapterInstance, dockMenu);
        }
        catch(Exception exp) {
            exp.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * This returns the application instance of type com.apple.eawt.Application
     * if running on a mac or null otherwise
     * @return
     */
    private static void initMacApplicationInstance() {

        if(!isRunningOnMac()) return;

        //if we already have initialized these then just return
        if(macAdapterClass != null && macAppListenerInterface !=null &&
            macAppEventClass != null && macAdapterInstance != null) {
            return;
        }

        //Get the classes
        try {
            macAdapterClass = Class.forName("com.apple.eawt.Application");
            macAppListenerInterface = Class.forName("com.apple.eawt.ApplicationListener");
            macAppEventClass = Class.forName("com.apple.eawt.ApplicationEvent");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException classNotFound) {
            // One (or more) of the Apple extension classes is missing.
            macAdapterClass = null;
            macAppListenerInterface = null;
            macAppEventClass = null;
        }

        try {

            //
            // Object macAdapterInstance = Application.getApplication();
            //
            Method getSingletonMethod = macAdapterClass.getMethod("getApplication");
            macAdapterInstance = getSingletonMethod.invoke(null);

        } catch (Exception dynEx) {
            dynEx.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Disables Preferences menu item on Mac OS X.
     */
    public static void disablePreferenceMenuItem() {

        if(!isRunningOnMac()) return;

        initMacApplicationInstance();

        try {

            //
            // macAdapterInstance.setEnabledPreferencesMenu(true);
            //
            Method enablePrefsMethod = macAdapterClass.getMethod(
                    "setEnabledPreferencesMenu",
                    new Class[]{Boolean.TYPE});

            enablePrefsMethod.invoke(macAdapterInstance,
                    new Object[]{Boolean.FALSE});

        }
        catch (Exception dynEx) {
            dynEx.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Enables Preferences menu item on Mac OS X.
     */
    public static void enablePreferenceMenuItem() {

        if(!isRunningOnMac()) return;

        initMacApplicationInstance();

        try {

            //
            // macAdapterInstance.setEnabledPreferencesMenu(true);
            //
            Method enablePrefsMethod = macAdapterClass.getMethod(
                    "setEnabledPreferencesMenu",
                    new Class[]{Boolean.TYPE});

            enablePrefsMethod.invoke(macAdapterInstance, new Object[]{Boolean.TRUE});

        }
        catch (Exception dynEx) {
            dynEx.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Dynamic Proxy used to handle Apple Events
     */
    private static class MacApplicationListenerProxyInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {

        private Method setHandledMethod;

        public MacApplicationListenerProxyInvocationHandler(
                Class macAppEventClass) throws NoSuchMethodException {

            this.setHandledMethod = macAppEventClass.getMethod("setHandled", new Class[]{Boolean.TYPE});
        }

        // throws Throwable (allowed, but should not be taken advantage of)
        public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) {

            String methodName = method.getName();
            ActionEvent event = new ActionEvent(this, 0, methodName);

            if (methodName.equals("handleQuit")) {
                // fire the action
                if(quitListener != null) {
                    quitListener.actionPerformed(event);
                }
                else {
                    System.exit(0); //default to SystemExit
                }
            }
            else if(methodName.equals("handleAbout")) {
                // fire the action
                if(aboutListener != null) {
                    aboutListener.actionPerformed(event);
                }
            }
            else if(methodName.equals("handlePreferences")) {
                // fire the action
                if(prefListener != null) {
                    prefListener.actionPerformed(event);
                }
            }

            // Mark the ApplicationEvent as being handled.
            try {
                this.setHandledMethod.invoke(args[0],
                        new Object[]{Boolean.TRUE});
            } catch (Exception invokeEx) {
                invokeEx.printStackTrace();
            }

            return null; // All signatures in ApplicationListener return void.
        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Authorize payments with Square API Currently, I am creating payments with the Square API.
https://developer.squareup.com/explorer/square/payments-api/create-payment
This charges the customer's card for the desired amount. Is there a way to authorize a payment first without charging the card?
For our system, we need to wait a few minutes for a response from our vendor to process an order. I would like to authorize a payment, then if we get an approved response from our vendor, charge the customer's card otherwise cancel the payment.
I'm trying to avoid paying transaction fees, if we are unable to fulfill an order.

A: You can call CreatePayment (that you linked above) with autocomplete set to false. This will authorize the payment, but not actually take the funds out yet. By default, you have up to 6 days before the payment auto-voids, so you would want to call CompletePayment whenever you intend to complete the payment (or CancelPayment if you want to manually void the payment).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


US $1,929 With 1-5 full time private investigators as employees or as independent contractors.
US $2,867 With 6-15 full time private investigators as employees or as independent contractors, or alternatively who hold themselves out to the public as operating out of 3 or 4 permanent locations.
US $5,072 With 16 or more Full time private investigators as employees or as independent contractors, or alternatively who hold themselves out to the public as operating out of 5 or more permanent locations.
US $5,072 With annual income under $500 million: For purposes of determining an IP Owner's "annual income," the IP Owner's total annual gross income shall include all reported incomes from the sale of all goods and services from all related companies, affiliates and/or subsidiaries worldwide.
US $8,820 With annual income over $500 million: For purposes of determining an IP Owner's "annual income," the IP Owner's total annual gross income shall include all reported incomes from the sale of all goods and services from all related companies, affiliates and/or subsidiaries worldwide.
US $5,072 With 26 or fewer attorneys: For purposes of determining the size of a Law Firm, the number of lawyers in a Law Firm is based on the total number of full time lawyers in all practice areas, including all global offices.
US $8,820 With 26 or more attorneys: For purposes of determining the size of a Law Firm, the number of lawyers in a Law Firm is based on the total number of full time lawyers in all practice areas, including all global offices.
US $5,072 Defined as an entity providing product brand security where they are not licensed as a private investigator or otherwise not generally providing private investigative services.
US $5,072 Associations of trademark or IP holders represented as a group (by a standalone company or organization) which has one or more association members as separate members of the IACC.
US $8,820 Associations of trademark or IP holders represented as a group (by a standalone company or organization) which has NO association members as separate members of the IACC.


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Demands nearer connections between disciplines may be heard in the course of the global of scholarly study, from significant universities to the nationwide Institutes of wellbeing and fitness. In security of Disciplines provides a clean and bold research of the argument surrounding interdisciplinarity. difficult the assumption that blurring the limits among conventional educational fields promotes extra built-in learn and potent instructing, Jerry Jacobs contends that the promise of interdisciplinarity is illusory and that opinions of tested disciplines are usually overstated and lost.
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text:
/** @jsx React.DOM */

jest.dontMock('../Portal');
jest.dontMock('../LayerMixin');
jest.dontMock('../modules/Container');
jest.dontMock('../modules/ReactLayer');

describe('Portal', function() {
  it('will render children into container', function() {
    var React = require('react');
    var TestUtils = require('react/lib/ReactTestUtils');
    var Portal = require('../Portal');

    var container = document.createElement('div');
    var portalHolder = TestUtils.renderIntoDocument(
      <Portal container={container} id="test1">Hi over here</Portal>
    );
    expect(container.firstChild).not.toBeNull();
    expect(container.firstChild.firstChild.id).toBe('test1');
    expect(container.firstChild.firstChild.textContent).toBe('Hi over here');
  });
});


high volumes, which in many cases happen on margin (all you day traders out there). So, why would the two indicators diverge if they are both volume based? Then we need to calculate the MFV: MFV MFM x Volume on the Period.
Accumulation/distribution is a momentum indicator that attempts to gauge supply an d demand by determining whether investors are generally buying.
The accumulation/distribution line was created by Marc Chaikin to determine the fl ow of money into or out of a security.
It should not be confused with the.
Forex Trading Strategy The Significance of Open Interest ».
In this manner, the respective security is likely to decrease in price. Now stocks, of course, have readily available volume data. Narrow and short accumulation zones, followed by a strong breakout, are more meaningful. ADL Divergence The ADL divergence is another very important feature of the accumulation/distribution indicator. Supply and demand drives forex séances heures all price discoveries, from local flea markets to international capital markets. The origin of a bearish trend wave is called a distribution or a supply zone. If the volumes are high, then the price action is likely to create a big candle on the chart. What the A/D indicator actually measures. To determine the right place for your S/L order, you should use the price action rules.


text:
Again, INEC Extends PVC Collection Deadline by One Week
ECOWAS: NAE Seeks Cooperation for Improved Education
By Funmi Ogundare
The Nigerian Academy of Education (NAE) is seeking the cooperation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in a partnership designed to uplift the standard of education across all levels within the West Africa sub-region.
The partnership which aims to promote cooperation, exchanges and similar supports among ECOWAS member states through its department of Education, Science and Culture, rides on existing treaties like the ECOWAS Protocol A/P3/1/03, Article 5, 6 and 7 which relates to education and training at the basic, intermediate and higher levels, mindful of the strategic role of access of the community's citizens to quality education in the development of the region.
The President of the academy, Professor Elizabeth Eke said the cooperation between it and the commission was primed on the areas of competence, priority and the availability of required resources on all sides to ensure that the standard of education in West Africa is rated among the best in the world.
She said it would concentrate on activities relating to education, training, research and community support service under key thematic areas, which include, higher education and training; youth, gender development and empowerment; language immersion, information and experience sharing, regional integration, academic mobility as well as other related activities.
"This partnership makes it easy for us at NAE to facilitate exchange of information and documents of common interest that will ultimately lead to a rise in the standard of education across West Africa," the president said.
Meanwhile, education stakeholders across the West African sub-region will in October converge on FCT, Abuja, for the inaugural edition of the West Africa education conference.
The event scheduled to hold on October 8 to 12, would be the first time West African countries will be coming together under one roof to discuss common issues as they affect the standard of education within the sub-region.º

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I love Hahndorf and I love this girl!
So much colour, food & fun you two @laurenepbath @jewelszee 😘 loved this album, felt like I was there, although now I am hungry🍴.
Fantastic! So bright stylish and playful! Made me so happy to view!
@Anneliesei and it was even better than it looked!
@jewelszee hahaha, you are just gorgeous!!
@cameed01 we can't wait to come back!!
Ohh would I ever love that. I need to start playing the lotto so I can join you on your epic adventures.


Making Plants, Part 1: Sow What?
Many of us take for granted the origins of common items we use or consume on a daily basis. Consider food, clothing, and paper products. Many of these items are derived directly from plants, or from animals which in turn depend on plant-based feeds. Clearly, we owe a great deal to plants and agriculture. But what is the origin of these plants we depend on? While many plants are reproduced from seeds, a thorough consideration of this topic is somewhat more complicated. (Or why else would I be writing about it?) As a biologist working to commercialize pongamia trees as an oilseed crop, I expend considerable thought evaluating alternative approaches for propagating and distributing plant materials. Seeds are but one of several options. Furthermore, there is a renewed interest in broader philosophical and socio-political questions around the marketing and patenting of seeds and other types of germplasm (cuttings, tubers, bulbs, plantlets, etc.) in commercial agriculture. Questioning current practices is often an effective way to increase overall awareness, but alternative approaches that superficially appear simple may be impractical or otherwise more complicated than they might seem.
This is the first of two blog postings in which I take a closer look at how crop plants are propagated, disseminated, and ultimately grown. In particular, I'll compare and contrast the use of sexually produced seeds vs. asexual propagules such as bulbs, cuttings or grafts. How do such approaches differ, and what are their relative advantages and disadvantages? I'll focus on seeds in this installment, and take up asexual methods next time.
Many factors can influence choosing one type of propagule over another (seed, starter plant, etc.). Certainly one important factor is operational scale. You likely know someone (perhaps yourself) who enjoys puttering with landscaping in their yard, or perhaps someone whose goal is to produce the perfect juicy tomato. Smaller-scale farmers may take pride in producing a substantive proportion of their own food. Other smaller operators may sell produce in local farmers markets, or perhaps open their farm gates to the public by offering U-pick sweet-corn, berries, or miscellaneous fruits. Larger farming operations might specialize by growing a few crops for sale to co-ops, food processors, or elsewhere. A common thread among all these operations, regardless of their scale, is the need to cultivate plants. Where do all these plants come from?
Larger farms growing annual crops might work exclusively using seeds. Many crops such as corn, beans, soybeans, sorghum, and others, are readily grown from sown seeds (e.g. drilled, broadcast, or burrowed into rows). Other crops such as lettuce or cucurbits (melons, cucumbers, pumpkins etc.) might be started in flats and later transplanted as individual starts. On the other hand, smaller operations such as hobbyists and backyard gardeners may chose convenience over price and purchase starter plants from a local nursery. Specifics are likely to vary from farm to farm depending on goals, local climate, facilities, and labor.
Most crop plants can be loosely classified as annual, biennial, or perennial, corresponding to plants completing their life cycle in one, two, or multiple years. (Flowering bulbs, like tulips, may seem to blur these boundaries. Because the bulbs are long-lived, such plants are considered perennials.) Many annual and biennial plants are grown from seeds, which for many species are nature's way of initiating the next generation of plants. Propagation from seeds can be an ideal and economically efficient mechanism in the right circumstances, with radishes, beans, corn and grains serving as good examples.
Seedlings of some plants, like tomatoes, are initially grown in a protected environment before being transplanted into the field. Such extra efforts are often taken to overcome environmental limitations or length of growing season. Tomato seeds and young plants prefer warmer conditions, with transplanted starters providing a head-start for warmer weather later in the season. For hobbyists, it may simply make sense to pay a bit more for a starter plant rather than take on the extra effort of germinating seeds. On the other hand, larger-scale operators may germinate seeds in trays and produce their own starter plants. Plant productivity is another consideration. Healthy tomato plants can be highly productive, so backyard hobbyists may require only few plants to satiate their craving for fresh tomatoes. On the other hand, root plants such as radishes produce only one (typically small) edible unit per plant. I don't believe I've ever encountered starter plants for radishes!
Seeds are the most common vehicle for reproducing annual and biennial crop plants. (Potatoes, vegetatively propagated from tubers, are an exception in that they are grown as annuals, but are in fact perennial). Most seeds are purchased from seed suppliers, and yet all seeds are not equal. Over recent decades the pathway from seed provider to farmer has grown more complex.
Until the first half of the twentieth century, seeds for subsequent crops were typically collected by setting aside selected fruits, allowing them to fully ripen, and finally harvesting and processing mature seeds. Some farmers produced their own seeds, while others purchased or exchanged seeds with neighbors, or perhaps purchased seeds from smaller companies. Larger seed companies, at least as we know them today, did not yet exist. Farmers recognized and utilized different locally adapted strains (i.e. landraces), although they did not understand how the landraces had developed.
The science of plant breeding was in its infancy (see Kingsbury, 2009, Hybrid: The History & Science of Plant Breeding). By the1800's, a small number of pioneering breeders and scientists were experimenting with interbreeding (crossing) plants by transferring pollen from one plant onto flowers of another. Some workers began stretching the boundaries of interbreeding by experimenting with hybridization, initially using "wide-crosses" between different races or in some cases between individuals of different species. (Luther Burbank, 1849-1926, is among the better known pioneers of hybridization).
The science of genetics, describing the inheritance of genes from parents to offspring, was born in the early 1900's and quickly lead to the development and early commercialization of hybrid corn, beginning in the 1920s. The rate of adoption of hybrid corn was astounding, growing from less than 10% of Iowa corn in 1935 to over 90% in 1939 (Crow, 1998). While enormously successful, the development of hybrid varieties of an outbreeding (or cross pollinating) crop like corn first requires creating inbred lines—a major undertaking of time and resources. Without going into specifics, hybrid varieties offer several advantages over non-hybrids: increased uniformity and year-to-year repeatability. But these advantages come at a cost to farmers—hybrids do not breed true, meaning that seeds from hybrid plants grow into offspring that are highly variable and therefore commercially undesirable. In short, each crop of hybrid plants must be replenished by sowing a freshly created generation of hybrid seeds. As farmers fully recognize, seed-saving from hybrid crops is not practical and farmers must purchase new hybrid seeds each year.
Plant breeding, the development of new plant varieties, and the commercial distribution of seeds have changed substantially since hybrid corn was first commercialized in the 1920s. The success of hybrid corn prompted the development of hybrid varieties in many other crops. As technologies evolved, structural changes within the plant breeding industry also took place. Today's breeding industry has undergone substantial consolidation as smaller seed companies were acquired by larger players such as Monsanto, DuPont Pioneer, and Syngenta. Only some of these changes were driven by the implementation of genetic engineering (GMO) technology, since to-date relatively few GMO crops have been commercialized (e.g. corn, soybeans, cotton, alfalfa, sugar beets and papaya). Large seed companies command a substantial market share among large farming operations, but there nevertheless remains a smaller (and growing) market for seeds targeted to smaller farmers and home gardeners. For example, along with growth of farmers markets and a renewed interest in locally-produced food, there has been a resurgence of interest in open-pollinated and heirloom vegetables, particularly among people favoring more traditional approaches to agriculture.
Not all seeds are equal. The following list illustrates the types of descriptions someone might encounter while flipping through their favorite seed catalog.
Hybrid (or F1): a variety produced by intercrossing two different parental varieties. These are often inbred lines of the same species, but in some instances could be from different species. Hybrids are often more vigorous and uniform than their non-hybrid counterparts. Hybrid varieties must be produced afresh each generation because hybrid parents do not "breed true," their offspring are highly variable.
Open pollinated: This designation has no strict definition except that it encompasses plants that were pollinated naturally, without any assistance by people. Wind, insects, bees, hummingbirds, etc., are all natural pollinators. Plants that are open pollinated often include among their offspring a mix of individuals from self-pollinations (both male and female gametes originated from the seed parent) and others from outcrosses (female gamete contributed by the seed parent whereas the pollen originated from a second individual). Because of the genetic mixing that can occur within open pollinated varieties, they tend to exhibit less uniformity than other types of varieties. Furthermore, in order for open pollinated varieties to reproduce faithfully (remaining true-to-type), they should be isolated from related varieties to minimize the movement of stray pollen. Further complicating the make-up of this group, naturally selfing plants such as beans and peas are often included (see below).
Selfing variety: Selfing varieties include plants whose offspring are usually produced by self-pollinations, in which male gametes from the seed parent effect fertilization. Often, such pollinations occur within the same flower, sometimes before it even opens. Selfing varieties tend to "breed true," meaning their offspring share many if not all attributes of the parental generation, even when planted near other selfing varieties. Pollen movement is generally of little concern. For a hobbyist gardener wishing to produce their own seeds for subsequent crops, selfing plants are ideal. Selfing varieties are typically not labeled as such (and are often unlabeled), but may be grouped in the broad category of open pollinated varieties.
Heirloom variety: These tend to be older varieties with historical significance or reputations. They are not hybrids, and instead are reproduced as open pollinated or selfed varieties. Over time, heirloom varieties from various producers may gradually drift apart, and in some instances, may receive a new designation (e.g. brandywine red vs. brandywine pink).
Not all seeds are the same, and some types of seeds are better suited for certain purposes than others. A hobbyist gardener may give these differences little if any thought if their goal is simply to grow some fresh vegetables in the summer months. Nevertheless seed producers, represented as larger commercial producers, heirloom producers, or backyard seed savers, should all be aware of the differences and manage their seed crops accordingly. Differences in reproductive biology among plants and plant varieties can have major impacts on how seedling-derived offspring grow and yield. Perennial plants are subject to similar constraints and concerns, but their longer life-span (and often larger size) make it feasible to consider alternative propagation strategies. This will be the subject of my next installment. Stay tuned!
← America will win the world cup, and sooner than you think.


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Filter by Research Topic
- All - Black Holes & Dead Stars Exoplanets & The Solar System Galaxies & Cosmology Gravitational Waves & Multi-Messenger Astronomy Life & Death of Stars Stellar Dynamics & Stellar Populations
Filter by Media Type
- All - Science Video Science Image Interactive Interview Science Talks and Other Event Videos Observed Image
Models and Simulations Run on the Cluster and in the Family
From Purdue University's Long Tales of Science podcast, hear CIERA's Dr. Sarah Wellons, an astrophysicist who uses high performance computing resources to run massive simulations of galaxy formation, and her mother, Dr. Helen Wellons, a retired chemical engineer who used parallel computing to deploy computational modeling applications to optimize real-time refinery operations at ExxonMobil.
Shane Larson's Virtual Public Lecture, "A Storm of Stars: A Living History of the Milky Way"
On October 28, 2020 CIERA's Shane Larson presented this public lecture titled A Storm of Stars: A Living History of the Milky Way in a virtual Zoom webinar format to an audience of nearly 450 viewers. Larson discussed how we came to understand the Milky Way, our home galaxy, and how our ideas about the
Marla Geha; Astrophysics Seminar Recording
Dr. Marla Geha presents "The Saga Survey: Exploring Satellite Galaxies Around the Milky Way Analogs." Dr. Geha is a professor of astronomy and the Director of Telescope Resources at Yale University. This seminar is part of the Astrophysics Seminar series at CIERA.
Shane Larson at TEDxGVSU, "Feeling Small in a Big Cosmos"
The Universe is vast beyond anything humans can easily comprehend, and it is easy to become overwhelmed by the immensity, disheartened by how insignificant we seem. But in the vastness there is a glimmer of truth that we should hold onto and use to guide us: in all the vastness we are, so far as
TEDxGVSU
CIERA's 11th Annual Public Lecture, "Cartography of the Cosmos: Mapping the Unseen"
This lecture was presented by award-winning author and Yale professor Dr. Priyamvada Natarajan at Cahn Auditorium on October 24, 2019. Natarajan discussed how mapping over time encodes radical new scientific ideas. She walked through the history of the acceptance of new astronomical ideas, and talked about the status of several current transformative (and deeply contested)
Rho Oph dark cloud observed with HAWC+
Left: NASA Spitzer image showing the portion of the Rho Oph dark cloud observed with HAWC+ instrument….
NASA/JPL-Caltech/Harvard-Smithsonian CfA. SOFIA/ HAWC+/ Northwestern University /F. Pereira Santos
Giant balloon-like structures discovered at center of Milky Way
An international team of astronomers, including Northwestern University's Farhad Yusef-Zadeh, has discovered one of the largest structures ever observed in the Milky Way. A newly spotted pair of radio-emitting bubbles reach hundreds of light-years tall, dwarfing all other structures in the central region of the galaxy.
Kavli Fulldome Lecture Series: The Cosmos in a Heartbeat
The length of a human life barely registers on the scale of cosmic time. In spite of our relatively tiny size and our limited time here on Earth, a single generation of humans can take giant leaps forward in our understanding of the Universe. Join us to find out how dramatically our story of the
The Kavli Foundation / Adler Planetarium
Exploring the Invisible Universe with Computer Simulations
Northwestern Physics and Astronomy student Alex Gurvich presents a talk as part of the Northwestern Ready Set Go (RSG) program. The goals of the program are to increase awareness for the urgent need for excellent research communicators and to coach graduate and post doctoral researchers to improve their own presentation skills. The program focuses on three important
Exploring the Universe with Virtual Galaxies
Northwestern Physics and Astronomy student Zachary Hafen presents a talk as part of the Northwestern Ready Set Go (RSG) program. The goals of the program are to increase awareness for the urgent need for excellent research communicators and to coach graduate and post doctoral researchers to improve their own presentation skills. The program focuses on three important
Isolated Disc Galaxy
Simulation of an isolated disc galaxy, looking at the disc of the galaxy face on (top panels) and edge on (bottom panels). The left-hand panels show images of the stellar light, and is what we would see if we viewed this galaxy with a telescope such as Hubble. The right-hand panels show the gas in
Alex Richings / Northwestern
Density and Temperature Snapshots
Density (top) and temperature (bottom) snapshots from an idealized hydro-simulation of the circum-galactic medium of a Milky-Way-like galaxy. Note the outskirts (>70 kpc) are cool and free-falling, while the inner region is hot and pressure-supported.
Jonathan Stern in collaboration with D. Fielding.
Radiative-hydrodynamic Simulation of a Dusty Cloud Irradiated by a Quasar
The figure shows a radiative-hydrodynamic simulation of a dusty cloud irradiated by a quasar (located at r = 0). Radiation pressure is set to be the dominant pressure source. Left panel shows the initial conditions, while the right panel shows the cloud 10^4 years after exposure to the quasar radiation. A quasi-static density gradient develops at
Jonathan Stern in collaboration with J. Onorbe.
Firefly Demonstration
Firefly is a portable web-based 3d visualization software developed in partnership between the Northwestern University Galaxy Formation and Visualization groups. It was developed with the data output of the FIRE simulations in mind but can visualize any 3d dataset (in coordinate or phase space). In this video I demonstrate some of the key features of
Aaron Geller / Alex Gurvich / Northwestern
Galaxy Evolution
Here we show the evolution of a Milky Way-like galaxy over time. The top row shows the galaxy as it would appear today, the middle 3.5 billion years ago, and the bottom almost 10 billion years ago. Columns give different views of the same snapshot in time, leftmost is the mock view through the Hubble
Alex Gurvich / Northwestern
Firefly Visualization Platform
A screenshot from Firefly, an interactive, web-based, and publicly available visualization platform available at ageller.github.io/Firefly. Shown here is a snapshot in time from a simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy with the stars in blue, the gas in red, and the dark matter in yellow. In the real universe the gas and dark matter is invisible, so
Stellar Feedback vs. Galaxy Formation
In this movie, the color of each pixel represents the temperature of the gas (blue for cold and green for hot) and the brightness of each pixel represents the density (dim for low density bright for high density). Thus diffuse and hot gas looks like a hazy green mist while cold and dense gas looks
One Galaxy, Multiple Perspectives
This collection of images shows gas swirling around the same galaxy in several different ways. Taken together, the columns create a time-lapse projection. The top row shows the density of gas in the galaxy at a given time: in these panels, the brightest areas show where gas is most densely concentrated. In the middle row,
Zachary Hafen, CIERA/Northwestern University


Is your music mixed correctly?
If your music is not mixed properly, then it will not sound right. You will not be able to compete with what is industry standard. Here is some advice, on how to make sure your music is mixed right.
Please share. Subscribe to our YouTube channel on the right.


There is a new scam popping up and sweeping across the country. Its called the "one-ring phone scam" and the simplicity of this scam makes it one of the most ingenious scams out there. The scammer sends out thousands of calls from their computer to random cell phone numbers. Those calls ring once and then hang up. Like most people when they miss a call they try to call back the number and when they do they are connected to an adult entertainment service, a chat-line or some other premium program in another country and are charged a $20 international phone call fee, plus per minute charges for that "premium service." Those charges can be an extra nine dollars a minute or more.
The international area codes are (268) – Antigua/Barbuda | (809) – Dominican Republic | (876) – Jamaica | (284) – British Virgin Islands | (473) – Grenada.
So If your phone rings once, make sure you don't call back and check your cell phone bills regularly and let your carrier know right away if you see any questionable charges.


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Daniel Bryant – President
Daniel Bryant is an author, adjunct lecturer, entrepreneur, philanthropist, and Iron Man. Daniel received his undergraduate degree from Dartmouth College, where he also played baseball, and subsequently received his Master's degree in Management from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.
After a successful career in investment banking and private equity, Daniel founded Sheridan Road Financial, which ultimately grew to become the #3 ranked institutional investment consulting company in the country. After fourteen years, the company was sold to Hub International, the fourth largest insurance brokerage firm in the country. Prior to founding Sheridan Road, Daniel was a senior investment banker at a number of investment banks, including Robertson Stephens in San Francisco, Donaldson, Lufkin, & Jenrette in Chicago, and worked in corporate finance for Sam Zell's The Equity Group. During his investment banking career, Daniel was named as one of the forty under forty most influential technology investment bankers in the country by Red Herring Magazine. Daniel was recently appointed Operating Partner with $6.5 billion Chicago-based private equity firm Vistria Group.
Daniel has always been passionate about giving back to the communities he loves so he founded the Sheridan Road Charitable Foundation in 2013. Back in the early 1990's, Daniel founded the Chicago Street Project, a predecessor to Chicago Cares, a national volunteer organization with offices throughout the country. Daniel is very active with his alma maters, serving as Dartmouth's District Enrollment Director of Admissions for Chicago, Co-Chair of the Dartmouth Alumni Windy City Forum and is on the Alumni Advisory Board for Northwestern University. Currently, he serves as an active board or associated member of many organizations he is passionate about including Young Presidents Organization (YPO), School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Hopkins Center for the Arts, Oz Arts Nashville, the Commercial Club of Chicago, and the Economic Club of Chicago.
Daniel has two college-aged daughters and resides in Chicago and south Florida.


This beautiful book well and truly ruined me for almost a week. It was a risky premise, I think, about a cheerleader who is raped at camp and has to deal with the fallout in all areas of life. But EK Johnston pulls it off by making the story less about the act itself, and more about the relationships Hermione has and how they work against the strain.
It was another book with a strong LGBT undertone, as well as a focus on female friendships. Hermione does have to deal with her relationships with her ex boyfriend and her male teammates, but it is her relationship with her best friend that is the main focus.
I really, really loved this book. It didn't feel like Young Adult fiction, although you could argue it is, and it was a calm and emotional take on the subject matter. It wasn't gratuitous, which I liked, and it dealt with many different emotions in a thoughtful way. I was drawn in, I felt for Hermione and her triumphs rang very strong for me.
I read 11.22.63 alongside watching the Fox/Hulu TV series earlier in the year. I actually started the TV series before the book and loved the promise so much I immediately had to go and order the book from the library. They only had the large print version, hence why it's so huge.
The book is a bit of a break away from Stephen King's horror books and an introduction by him talked about how big a project it was to write in terms of research. Historically, it's good, and I was completely drawn into the 50s/60s political paranoia vibe. But there was obviously still elements of the occult and the end of the world; with Jake's diner rabbit hole taking him back in time and and butterfly effect of his time in the past.
What I liked about the time travel element of the story was the idea that Jake, the main character, can only travel back to a specific date and that each time wipes away the previous. He can't just do over if it goes wrong. It added an intensity to Jake's relationships with people from the past and made the ending that much sadder.
I really, really need to read more Stephen King books. I've loved everything of his that I've read so far and more and more I'm realised the scope of his writing ability goes far beyond horror and scares. This one is probably a gateway book for those people who are out off by the idea of him only being a horror writer and I've been recommending both the book and the TV series!
Oh my goodnes, it's been how long? I've completely let life get in the way of reading recently… And my book slump has been really getting me down. I have read some wonderful books over the past few months and I will get round to reviewing them, but I thought I'd talk about my most recent read to get started… Mainly because it's a quite fitting book about a girl who doesn't speak.
So, I was originally drawn to Unspeakable because the blurb reminded me of Speak by Laurie Halse Anderson, one of my favourite books as a teenager. But, also, because of the concept of female relationships. Unspeakable was more of an uplifting read than I was expecting. It was sad in parts, and Abbie Rushton does a really good job of putting across Megan's frustration at not being able to speak, but it didn't leave me feeling bleak.
Also, Megan's trauma and relationships are almost exclusively centered around other women and how she feels about them and it was nice to read a book where those relationships are at the forefront. I do think it's important that Young Adult books span a breadth of possible teenage experiences and the importance of books that include LGBT relationships is one I feel quite strongly about. Unspeakable does a really good job of portraying female relationships, both in friendship and romantically, without tokenisation.
Overall, I really enjoyed it and found it a to be a hick but powerful read. There's nothing like an easy Young Adult read to get over a book slump and I immediately picked up my next book after finishing this one.


After completing this course students will have the knowledge to source equipment and materials to brew their own beer. They will have an understanding of the brewing process and knowledge will have been shared with them to give them the confidence and know how to tackle their own brewing projects.
Des has been homebrewing for 9 years, and has carried out many brewing demonstrations to corporate events. He has been awarded gold medals for his beers at the Irish National Homebrewing Competition.


In today's world, finding the right chess training material is a piece of cake. All the chess resources a player ever needs is only a google search away. Be it videos on youtube, torrent files of chess software, pdf books or good blogs, it's all out there. The availability and flow of information has evolved gigantially. And yet, the progress of a chess player armed with all the material in the world, is not always as vigorous. Why is that? I took the case of, well, myself, and made a list of factors that influence our chess progress. And here's what I found!
The Chinese Bamboo tree has something to do with our chess progress! Also, just playing so many tournaments doesn't guanrantee success.
Read on, and you'll find out what I mean.
Everyone solves puzzles in this journey, and everyone analysis his/her game out of curiosity to see what went wrong, but to make steady progress, there should be a commitment to learn consistently everyday. Are you committed to making progress in Chess? This is the first factor that influences your Chess progress.
Hardwork is a common denominator found in many successful players. Take the eleventh World Chess Champion Bobby Fischer for example. He is believed to have once said that all he needed was a small room in an apartment with a window and his small hand-held chess set with his books.
Similar stories are told about Alexander Alekhine and Mikhael Botinnik.
"Capablanca never took his eyes off the chorus; Alekhine never looked up from his pocket chess set." – A patron who took both players to a show in 1922.
Several years ago, I had my first taste of tournament victory. I thought that it was essential to keep playing many tournaments to keep getting better. So, I started playing several tournaments in a row, only to fall sick after 9 consequtive tournaments. My rating fell by a couple of points near the end. It was then that I realized that to get better in Chess, one must have a healthy learning process and not just concentrate on one aspect of chess.
Play: Playing is essential to get more exposure, and to also test our ideas at the Chess board.
Analyze: Analysis is the process of reviewing your games, and tournament performances to find out what you could have done better.
Study: Study involves improving your knowledge about the different aspects of your game. It could be through books, or digital material.
Solve: Solving is an essential process in Chess. Solving chess tactics puzzles, or endgame studies everyday keeps your calculation sharp and accurate.
Research: If you are playing high level chess, you'll have to research about your potential opponents, or find out new ideas in the opening phase.
If you observe stronger players in their day to day activity, you''ll notice that this process is already a solid working habit for them, and they just keep working on it everyday, consciously or unconsciously.
What is your learning process? Are you conscious of it?
Where are you spending most your time on?
When I contemplate about chess progress, I feel that in someway success in Chess is related to the Chinese bamboo tree. I remember this example vividly from my days as a volunteer in a non-profit teaching life-skills to kids.
In our first meeting before we started teaching these kids, we were told a story.
The story of the Chinese bamboo tree. If a farmer were to sow these seeds, and start watering them, he's going to need a LOT of patience.
If he waits for a week, and stares at the ground, he won't see anything. It's going to be the same even after several months.
How about one year? No, nothing will shoot from the ground.
After three years, a small sapling will emerge from the ground. And in a span of few weeks, it will grow to more than 90 feet.
Had the farmer lost hope in his seeds at any point, he wouldn't have seen this growth. The secret to this growth is that he watered the plant every single day. Failing which, he might have killed the plant.
So, how long did it take for the plant to grow that high? 6 weeks?
No, 3 years! All the while, the Chinese bamboo tree has been growing under the ground -- developing the roots, making it firmer everyday!
At the non-profit meeting, We were told that these kids are like the Chinese bamboo trees. The life-lessons were seeds that would sprout in them after many years, but if we stop nurturing it, it would fail.
I imagine the same for our chess journeys.
Stay tunes for the next part of this article where I'll be writing about the other factors that influence the growth of a chess player like being part of a chess ecosystem, the importance of knowing yourself, motivation, perspective and perception. If you have any questions, do share it as a comment below. Thanks for reading.
excellent article @ arjun .............. eager for the upcoming one.


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Book reviews Books Fiction
British Weird: Selected Short Fiction 1893-1937 review – a fine collection that illustrates the 'reticence' of the British weird
No Comments on British Weird: Selected Short Fiction 1893-1937 review – a fine collection that illustrates the 'reticence' of the British weird
Landscape with Willows and Sun Shining Through the Clouds (1884), Vincent van Gogh
In his introduction to this anthology editor James Machin suggests that works of British weird fiction can be distinguished from their perhaps more well-known American variants due to their "refusal to fully reveal their horrors, relying on ominous hints, telling detail and atmosphere, instead of the full reveal". It's an interesting position to offer and one, I admit, I can easily agree with.
Buy the book: US
After all, Lovecraft is justifiably derided for too-often calling his terrors "indescribable" while simultaneously almost always following it up with quite a lot of lurid, adjective-heavy description. M.R. James, on the other hand, uses his Some Remarks on Ghost Stories essay to remind us that while weird fiction shouldn't be "mild and drab" some level of what he calls "reticence" should be maintained: "Reticence may be an elderly doctrine to preach, yet from the artistic point of view I am sure it is a sound one. Reticence conduces to effect, blatancy ruins it". Is this due to the British tendency to be more reserved but, equally, more spiteful than our cousins across the water? Perhaps. It wouldn't be very British of me to admit it, now would it?
What I can say is that the very best of the tales in this anthology, of which there are many, demonstrate this sense of reticence beautifully. First among these, largely due to being one of the best pieces of weird fiction ever written, is Algernon Blackwood's The Willows. Blackwood tells us of two travellers, canoeing down the Danube from Vienna to Budapest, and how they discover a "kingdom that was reserved for the use of others who had a right to it, with everywhere unwritten warnings to trespassers for those who had the imagination to discover them" among the river's sand-bars and eponymous willows. Blackwood's story charts how human control over nature is revealed as little more than a facade – the pair's canoes appear to give them control over the river but they are, in fact, as much at its mercy as any piece of driftwood – when compared to the "inhuman sound" that howls behind reality. I find The Willows to be a genuinely terrifying triumph of weird fiction almost entirely because, rather than Lovecraft's tentacles and slimes, Blackwood gives the mundane – rivers, trees, sand – an awful sense of agency. In one section, Blackwood shows us "an immense army of dancing, shouting willow bushes, closing from all sides, shining with spray and clapping their thousand little hands". This could almost be a scene from a child's story-book, but, through Blackwood's shimmering lens, it becomes a glimpse of something nearly unbearable.
Eleanor Scott's Randalls Round, which Machin very accurately identifies as a piece of proto-folk horror, also uses this reticence to powerful effect. Heyling, the tale's protagonist and an Oxford undergraduate with a voice of "half contemptuous indifference", heads to Randalls (a "little place in the Cotswolds somewhere") for a few days' rest and relaxation. There, no doubt with a superior smirk on his face, he finds the locals fully immersed in the "queer performance" of local folk dances. Investigating the history and meaning of these dances, Heyling uncovers mention of them originating in older rituals that took place around a local barrow. "What a lark it would be to get into that barrow," Heyling thinks with the arrogance of someone who's never read a ghost story in his life. Yet Heyling doesn't uncover mouldering bones or ancient curses but something far worse, something which in its delicate suggestiveness terrifies even the perpetrators.
The concern with landscape that pervades both The Willows and Randalls Round continues in The Bad Lands, by John Metcalfe. Here we find Brent Ormerod in the Norfolk coastal village of Todd, recovering from a nervous disorder. Todd immediately takes on an uncanny air – we are told, ominously, that the neighbouring village of Salterton "has been found quite safe and normal" – and Ormerod quickly finds himself "struck again with the peculiar character of the winding road that stretched before him into a hazy distance where everything seemed to melt and swim in shadowy vagueness". Without realising it, he slips quietly into the "bad lands" that linger in the gaps between reason and madness, known and unknowable. There are hints of future works by the likes of Thomas Ligotti or Camilla Grudova in this taut, bleak story.
The book does offer some challenges for a modern reader, although these stem largely from the anthology's time period more than any issue with editorship or even the stories themselves. Most obvious is the homogeneity of protagonists, with educated and middle-class figures dominating the few other voices. Interestingly, Machin points out that this was sometimes infuriating for readers of the time; one anonymous review in the Athenaeum asks "Why is it almost always considered necessary in ghost stories to make the characters irredeemably middle-class and uninteresting?" Perhaps less jarring to a reader at the start of the 1900s is the tendency to a writing style that can, nowadays, feel almost archaic. Caterpillars, an otherwise slight yet sinister tale from E.F. Benson, begins with the tortured admission that "There is therefore no longer any reason for refraining from writing of those things which I myself saw (or imagined I saw) in a certain room and on a certain landing of the villa in question, nor from mentioning the circumstances which followed, which may or may not (according to the opinion of the reader) throw some light on or be somehow connected with this experience". This is almost as tiring to type as it is to read!
Yet Machin cleverly accepts these challenges by book-ending his own introductory essay with Mary Butts' contemporaneous Ghosts and Ghoulies: Uses of the Supernatural in English Fiction. Butts, also represented here as an author with her oneiric Mappa Mundi, explores many of the writers that feature in British Weird in a way that veers wildly from caustic to adoring and which even she admits was hard to write and is "even harder to draw conclusions from" but yet which also provides a jumping-off point for the modern reader only just encountering these stories.
As with Handheld Press' Women's Weird series, this anthology is a beautiful selection of chilling tales which steps out of the cosy drawing rooms of more mainstream offerings and onto the uncanny moorlands that lie beyond.
British Weird: Selected Short Fiction 1893-1937 edited by James Machin is published by Handheld Press.
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Tags Algernon Blackwood, Caterpillars, E.F. Benson, H. P. Lovecraft, M. R. James, The Willows, Women's Weird: Strange Stories by Women
By Daniel Pietersen
Daniel Pietersen is a writer of weird fiction and critical non-fiction on horror and horror theory. When not writing articles or preparing conference papers, you will find Daniel still trying to complete Dark Souls 2. Daniel is on Twitter as @pietersender and much of his work can be found through his website.
← Dark Archives: A Librarian's Investigation into the Science and History of Books Bound in Human Skin by Megan Rosenbloom review → Ring Shout by P. Djèlí Clark review – Otherworldly and disturbingly familiar


Pisa Airport is well connected by bus and coach. The airport's close proximity to the cities of Pisa and Florence make it a gateway for the Tuscany region.... Terravision florence pisa airport bus at smn station how to travel from pisa florence choose the option that suits you best to reach florence from airport of pisa pisa airport to the leaning tower.
Answer 1 of 10: How long does the train take from Florence to Pisa airport please and what is the cost. Also how long does the bus take and what is the cost. �... Once you decide to take the travel by road and you are not aware of the route then you can get your Florence Airport to Pisa International Airport (PSA) 1 Route planned. Once when you decide, that you want to travel by road, it is important to manage the travel expenses.
What is the distance between Florence Airport and Pisa? The distance between Florence Airport and Pisa is about 83.7 kilometers. How long will it take to get to Pisa by private transfer?... I think that the bus would be fine. Plenty of room for luggage and stroller in the 'hold'. The journey takes a little over an hour and is quite comfortable.
To get from the Pisa Airport to Florence, there are three usual ways: by train, by bus and by private car directly to your vacation rental. You don�t need or, probably want, a rental car in Florence, but you could do it all the same.


This week I talked with writer Michelle Theall about her memoir Teaching the Cat to Sit, which recounts her experience growing up gay and Catholic in the Texas Bible Belt and her quest, years later, to keep her 4-year-old adopted son from being expelled from Sacred Heart of Jesus School because of her sexuality. Dealing with religion and faith continues to challenge the LGBT community, especially when it comes to marriage equality. When her son's Colorado Catholic school expelled all children of gay parents, Theall found herself wrestling with long-buried shame in order to stand up for her son. The result was a public battle with the church, and a private one with her parents, that challenged everything she knew about family and faith. It was in this process that Theall realized that in order to be a good mother, she might have to be a bad daughter and risk losing her parents for good.
I speak at LGBTQ events, and at churches too. I think that a lot of the divide happens at the ostracization and kids being torn away by their families, and all this kind of thing stems from religion and religious beliefs. That divide between gay and Christians is at the heart of what remains, in terms of our fight. I feel I'm a bit of an oxymoron to a lot of people, because I'm a gay Christian, and I'll go and talk about my faith and my partner to show that the two are not incongruous and hopefully start mending that divide rather than make it bigger. The other issue that is important for me and our rights would be adoption, and gay adoption in particular. The fact that other married couples can adopt children ... from foster care or other places and not have to go through extra hoops to be both parents on the adoption certificate and that sort of thing, I can't do that. My partner and I have to go through extra lawyers and all different other things because we can't marry in the state we live in, which is Colorado.
Michelle Theall is an award-winning health, fitness and travel writer and the founder of Women's Adventure magazine. Her feature essay in 5280, the inspiration for her memoir, was nominated for a GLAAD Media Award. Theall is also the editor-in-chief of Alaska Magazine. She lives with her partner, their son, and their three dogs in Boulder, Colorado.
For more information on Michelle Theall, visit michelletheall.com.


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Glenn M. Young II, 77 of Owensboro
SurfKY News
OWENSBORO, Ky. (8/10/19) — Glenn M. Young II, of Owensboro, passed away on August 9, 2019 at his home. He was born March 6, 1936 in Louisville to the late Glenn Maurice and Emily Jane Renfrow Young. He graduated from Owensboro High School in 1954, received his Bachelor's degree from Kentucky Wesleyan College, and Masters and Rank 1 in Education from Western Kentucky University.
Glenn retired from the Daviess County Public School System in 1993 after 35 years of service. He was the principal of Tamarack Elementary School for 20 years and then assistant superintendent of personnel. Glenn loved being principal at Tamarack where he started the tradition of the Tamarack Carnival. He returned to it every year to enjoy and see old friends.
Glenn became the public address announcer for KWC basketball in 1954 when he was a freshman, getting that job because he talked too much in health class. He called the basketball games for 58 years, was Assistant Athletic Director for 19 years, announced the football games for 29 years and was inducted into Kentucky Wesleyan's Athletic Hall of Fame. In 2012, at age 76 Glenn retired from KWC.
Glenn served in the Army Reserves for over 20 years and retired as a captain.
Glenn was fascinated with trains and airplanes and had both his private and commercial pilots license. At one time working at the airport on the weekends and later serving on the airport board of directors. Another favorite hobby was attending his "Wednesday Night Financial Club" meetings which he had done regularly for nearly 40 years. In recent years he enjoyed volunteering for Hospice of Western Kentucky and he loved spending time with his four great granddaughters, who all adored their Papa.
Survivors include his wife of 59 years, Linda Howard Young; daughter, Janie Mahoney (James Williamson) of Utica; son, Glenn M.Young III "Mark"(J.P. Sligh) of Atlanta; three grandchildren, Stephen Mahoney, Sally Miller (Shawn), and J.D. Williamson; and four great-granddaughters, Maddie Roberts, Charlie Miller, Gracie Miller, and Michaela Miller.
Services will be at 10 a.m. on Wednesday, August 14, 2019 at James H. Davis Funeral Home and Crematory. Visitation is from 3 to 8 p.m. on Tuesday and after 9 a.m. on Wednesday at the funeral home.


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The in crowd
By Lauren Rosenthal | May/Jun 2011
Gregory Nemec
For those who struggled to join a junior high clique as a teen, or even tried to become one of the gang at a new workplace, it's clear how the "us versus them" mindset affects human relationships. A new study suggests that that in-group exclusivity may predate our culture by millions of years.
Laurie Santos, an associate professor of psychology, says she and her team set out to find out the origins of our preference for our own groups. One long-standing hypothesis, explains Santos, who leads the Comparative Cognition Laboratory at Yale, "is that we grow up in a world that teaches these distinctions and in cultures that promote distinctions. The other is that these things are more built-in." Their study, in theJournal of Personality and Social Psychology, finds that humans and primates share similar biases against members of other groups—biases that may have been passed down from a common ancestor.
The psychologists selected a group of rhesus macaque monkeys living in a free-ranging colony, established by scientists years ago, on an island off the coast of Puerto Rico. The team showed individual macaques photographs of other island monkeys, using an adapted version of a human test of bias. The test, which measures how long each monkey looks at a pair of images, is based on the tendency of both humans and primates to process similarly valued images faster, and to look longer at more startling or new combinations. All the tests took place in the monkeys' habitat.
Researchers compared how long subjects looked at pictures of monkeys from inside and outside their group. Images of each type were shown in a sequence with images of "positive" or "negative" items, such as bananas or spiders (anathema to rhesus macaques). Male monkeys looked longer at combinations that paired group members with dangerous images or outsiders with happier ones—demonstrating, that, like humans, they have a tendency to associate group members with positive notions. "The fact that we found similar biases in a species without our language, nature, or culture suggests that these things are not necessary for our biases to exist," says lead author Neha Mahajan '11PhD. Because we share ancestors with the macaques, she explains, "it's also potentially adapted in our history."
Still, there is hope for the monkeys—and for us—to change our preferences. A rhesus macaque male periodically leaves his group and joins another. The monkeys showed bias against an outsider who had belonged to their own group until just weeks before, Mahajan says, suggesting that they update their preferences in real time. Humans may be capable of the same thing. "We can harness that flexibility to fight the negative effects of bias," she says.
May/Jun 2011
Vol LXXIV, No 5


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Deze lijst bevat een overzicht van administratieve eenheden in Quảng Trị (Vietnam).

De provincie Quảng Trị ligt in het midden van Vietnam. Ten oosten ligt de Zuid-Chinese Zee en in het westen grenst het aan Laos. De oppervlakte van de provincie bedraagt 4760,1 km² en Quảng Trị telt ruim 626.300 inwoners. Quảng Trị is onderverdeeld in een stad, een thị xã's en acht huyện.

Stad

Thành phố Đông Hà
Phường 1
Phường 2
Phường 3
Phường 4
Phường 5
Phường Đông Giang
Phường Đông Lễ
Phường Đông Lương
Phường Đông Thanh

Thị xã

Thị xã Quảng Trị
Phường 1
Phường 2
Phường 3
Phường An Đôn
Xã Hải Lệ

Huyện

Huyện Cam Lộ
Thị trấn Cam Lộ
Xã Cam An
Xã Cam Chính
Xã Cam Hiếu
Xã Cam Nghĩa
Xã Cam Thanh
Xã Cam Thành
Xã Cam Thủy
Xã Cam Tuyền

Huyện Cồn Cỏ
Cồn Cỏ

Huyện Đa Krông
Thị trấn Krông Klang
Xã A Bung
Xã A Ngo
Xã A Vao
Xã Ba Lòng
Xã Ba Nang
Xã Đa Krông
Xã Hải Phúc
Xã Hồng Thuỷ
Xã Húc Nghì
Xã Hướng Hiệp
Xã Mò ó
Xã Tà Long
Xã Tà Rụt
Xã Triệu Nguyên

Huyện Gio Linh
Thị trấn Cửa Việt
Thị trấn Gio Linh
Xã Gio An
Xã Gio Bình
Xã Gio Châu
Xã Gio Hải
Xã Gio Hòa
Xã Gio Mai
Xã Gio Mỹ
Xã Gio Phong
Xã Gio Quang
Xã Gio Sơn
Xã Gio Thành
Xã Gio Việt
Xã Hải Thái
Xã Linh Hải
Xã Linh Thượng
Xã Trung Giang
Xã Trung Hải
Xã Trung Sơn
Xã Vĩnh Trường

Huyện Hải Lăng
Thị trấn Hải Lăng
Xã Hải An
Xã Hải Ba
Xã Hải Chánh
Xã Hải Dương
Xã Hải Hòa
Xã Hải Khê
Xã Hải Lâm
Xã Hải Phú
Xã Hải Quế
Xã Hải Quy
Xã Hải Sơn
Xã Hải Tân
Xã Hải Thành
Xã Hải Thiện
Xã Hải Thọ
Xã Hải Thượng
Xã Hải Trường
Xã Hải Vĩnh
Xã Hải Xuân

Huyện Hướng Hóa
Thị trấn Khe Sanh
Thị trấn Lao Bảo
Xã A Dơi
Xã A Túc
Xã A Xing
Xã Ba Tầng
Xã Húc
Xã Hướng Lập
Xã Hướng Linh
Xã Hướng Lộc
Xã Hướng Phùng
Xã Hướng Sơn
Xã Hướng Tân
Xã Hướng Việt
Xã Tân Hợp
Xã Tân Lập
Xã Tân Liên
Xã Tân Long
Xã Tân Thành
Xã Thanh
Xã Thuận
Xã Xy

Huyện Triệu Phong
Thị trấn Ái Tử
Xã Triệu An
Xã Triệu Đại
Xã Triệu Độ
Xã Triệu Đông
Xã Triệu Giang
Xã Triệu Hòa
Xã Triệu Lăng
Xã Triệu Long
Xã Triệu Phước
Xã Triệu Sơn
Xã Triệu Tài
Xã Triệu Thành
Xã Triệu Thuận
Xã Triệu Thượng
Xã Triệu Trạch
Xã Triệu Trung
Xã Triệu Vân
Xã Triệu Ái

Huyện Vính Linh
Thị trấn Bến Quan
Thị trấn Cửa Tùng
Thị trấn Hồ Xá
Xã Vĩnh Chấp
Xã Vĩnh Giang
Xã Vĩnh Hà
Xã Vĩnh Hiền
Xã Vĩnh Hòa
Xã Vĩnh Khê
Xã Vĩnh Kim
Xã Vĩnh Lâm
Xã Vĩnh Long
Xã Vĩnh Nam
Xã Vĩnh Ô
Xã Vĩnh Sơn
Xã Vĩnh Tân
Xã Vĩnh Thạch
Xã Vĩnh Thái
Xã Vĩnh Thành
Xã Vĩnh Thủy
Xã Vĩnh Trung
Xã Vĩnh Tú

Quảng Trị
Quảng Trị

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Food Preparation and Restaurant Industry
Pizza Maker Overview
JobsSalaryResumeSkillsWhat They DoDemographicsBest States
Get Alerts For Pizza Maker Jobs
Find The Best Pizza Maker Jobs For You
Working as a Pizza Maker
There is more than meets the eye when it comes to being a pizza maker. For example, did you know that they make an average of $10.47 an hour? That's $21,784 a year!
Between 2018 and 2028, the career is expected to grow 11% and produce 282,000 job opportunities across the U.S.
What Does a Pizza Maker Do
There are certain skills that many pizza makers have in order to accomplish their responsibilities. By taking a look through resumes, we were able to narrow down the most common skills for a person in this position. We discovered that a lot of resumes listed dexterity, sense of taste and smell and math skills.
When it comes to the most important skills required to be a pizza maker, we found that a lot of resumes listed 19.9% of pizza makers included made pizzas, while 13.0% of resumes included pizza dough, and 8.5% of resumes included food preparation. Hard skills like these are helpful to have when it comes to performing essential job responsibilities.
When it comes to searching for a job, many search for a key term or phrase. Instead, it might be more helpful to search by industry, as you might be missing jobs that you never thought about in industries that you didn't even think offered positions related to the pizza maker job title. But what industry to start with? Most pizza makers actually find jobs in the hospitality and retail industries.
How To Become a Pizza Maker
If you're interested in becoming a pizza maker, one of the first things to consider is how much education you need. We've determined that 16.6% of pizza makers have a bachelor's degree. In terms of higher education levels, we found that 0.5% of pizza makers have master's degrees. Even though some pizza makers have a college degree, it's possible to become one with only a high school degree or GED.
Choosing the right major is always an important step when researching how to become a pizza maker. When we researched the most common majors for a pizza maker, we found that they most commonly earn high school diploma degrees or bachelor's degree degrees. Other degrees that we often see on pizza maker resumes include associate degree degrees or diploma degrees.
You may find that experience in other jobs will help you become a pizza maker. In fact, many pizza maker jobs require experience in a role such as cashier. Meanwhile, many pizza makers also have previous career experience in roles such as crew member or sales associate.
Pizza Maker Jobs
Pizza Maker Career Paths
As you move along in your career, you may start taking on more responsibilities or notice that you've taken on a leadership role. Using our career map, a pizza maker can determine their career goals through the career progression. For example, they could start out with a role such as cook, progress to a title such as sous chef and then eventually end up with the title general manager.
CookSous ChefExecutive Chef
CookExecutive ChefGeneral Manager
CookChefExecutive Chef
Chef Manager
Line CookTechnicianShift Leader
Line CookTechnicianProduction Supervisor
Delivery DriverForemanManager
Top Careers Before Pizza Maker
Top Careers After Pizza Maker
Youth Counselor
Average Salary for a Pizza Maker
Pizza Makers in America make an average salary of $21,784 per year or $10 per hour. The top 10 percent makes over $35,000 per year, while the bottom 10 percent under $13,000 per year.
Total Staffing Solutions
Pizza Maker/Production-2Nd Shift-New PAY!
Production/Pizza Makers-First Shift
Pizza Maker/Production-2Nd Shift
DATG Pizzeria Inc.
Papa John's Pizza Maker
See More Recent Salaries
Pizza Maker Resumes
Designing and figuring out what to include on your resume can be tough, not to mention time-consuming. That's why we put together a guide that is designed to help you craft the perfect resume for becoming a Pizza Maker. If you're needing extra inspiration, take a look through our selection of templates that are specific to your job.
Learn How To Write a Pizza Maker Resume
At Zippia, we went through countless Pizza Maker resumes and compiled some information about how best to optimize them. Here are some suggestions based on what we found, divided by the individual sections of the resume itself.
Pizza Maker Demographics
Pizza Maker Education
Entry Level Jobs For Becoming A Pizza Maker
Top Skills For a Pizza Maker
The skills section on your resume can be almost as important as the experience section, so you want it to be an accurate portrayal of what you can do. Luckily, we've found all of the skills you'll need so even if you don't have these skills yet, you know what you need to work on. Out of all the resumes we looked through, 19.9% of pizza makers listed made pizzas on their resume, but soft skills such as dexterity and sense of taste and smell are important as well.
Kitchen Equipment, 22.3%
Communication, 17.7%
Customer Service, 9.8%
Customer Orders, 5.3%
Safety Standards, 5.0%
See All Pizza Maker Skills
Best States For a Pizza Maker
Some places are better than others when it comes to starting a career as a pizza maker. The best states for people in this position are Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. Pizza makers make the most in Rhode Island with an average salary of $27,170. Whereas in Massachusetts and Connecticut, they would average $26,841 and $26,837, respectively. While pizza makers would only make an average of $26,465 in New Hampshire, you would still make more there than in the rest of the country. We determined these as the best states based on job availability and pay. By finding the median salary, cost of living, and using the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Location Quotient, we narrowed down our list of states to these four.
1. Rhode Island
Total Pizza Maker Jobs:
Highest 10% Earn:
Location Quotient:
Location Quotient is a measure used by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) to determine how concentrated a certain industry is in a single state compared to the nation as a whole. You can read more about how BLS calculates location quotients here
View 8 Pizza Maker Jobs
2. Vermont
3. Pennsylvania
View 57 Pizza Maker Jobs
How Do Pizza Maker Rate Their Jobs?
Working as a Pizza Maker? Share your experience anonymously.
Do you work as a Pizza Maker?
Rate how you like work as Pizza Maker. It's anonymous and will only take a minute.
Top Pizza Maker Employers
1. Little Caesar Enterprises
Pizza Makers Hired:
3. Papa John's Pizza
4. Papa Murphy's
5. Domino's Pizza
6. Casey's General Stores
Pizza Maker Videos
Day in the life of a pizza tool
HOW TO GET A JOB AT FREDDY FAZBEAR'S PIZZERIA (REACT: Advice #66)
How Pizza is Made at Dominos
Recently Added Pizza Maker Jobs
Pizza Cook
Can Maker
Pizza Delivery Driver
Fry Cook
Cook/Server
Mexican Food Cook
Kitchen Cook
Food Preparer
Cinder Crew Worker


text:
A.	There is a different procedure depending on whether the facility is proposed to be located (a) in the City of New York; (b) in a town outside of any villages or in a city other than the City of New York; or (c) in a village.
A.	If such facility is proposed to be located in a town outside of any villages or in a city other than the City of New York, the chief executive officer representing the municipality shall nominate four candidates and the chief executive officer representing the county shall nominate four candidates for consideration. The list of candidates is to be submitted to the President Pro Tem of the Senate or the Speaker of the Assembly within fifteen days of receipt of notification of the pre-application preliminary scoping statement.
A.	"Discovery" is a pre-trial process used by parties to obtain facts and information about the case from other parties. The most common discovery device is the written interrogatory, but oral depositions and other devices are also available. Any party to a proceeding is subject to the discovery process.


You have enough restoration & refurbishment work to get by, but there's always room for more. When you're looking for your next restoration & refurbishment job, MyBuilder will be there with leads in Plymouth that fit into your schedule.
Possible rearrangement of bath and toliet. New pipe work for shower also.
TP Builders have done a fantastic job on our various projects. These include a new kitchen, a re-modelling of cloakroom, redecorate large hallway and lounge including new laminate flooring and converting a space under a garage into a bedroom.
Render garden wall and replace 3 air bricks.
Garden wall needs to be rendered. About 6ft x 8ft, above a small flat roof. I have a picture if you want it. Replace three air bricks at front of house. Those which should provide ventilation to under the floor.
Fast and reliable. Did as asked and very helpful.
Has been brilliant throughout my house renovation, I will highly recommend him to family and friends.
His work is first class and his attention to detail has help us make a house our family home.
Removal of sitting room plasterboard ceiling. Expose beams, place new board between. Ceiling Lights. Paint ceiling/beams white.
Carpet removed in sitting room, replace/repair floorboards as required. Sand floorboards for paint or stain.
Level canted floors in both rooms upstairs.
We are a letting agency that require a property refurb. Inclusive of rubbish removal, repainting, cleaning and repairs. Is this something you would be able to help with? It is quite a substantial job caused by bad tenants.
really quick on quoting and job start, and competitively priced.
When a restoration & refurbishment job is posted in Plymouth, you'll get the restoration & refurbishment lead if you are relevant for the job. You then have the choice to express interest, which is free. If the homeowner likes your profile and decides to shortlist you, contact details will be exchanged and you will get charged a small fee. The size of the fee depends on the estimated size of the restoration & refurbishment job, which is determined by our in house team. You'll know what the fee is before you express interest.


I'm back once more with a Standard brew that seems to hold its own in the current environment. The project spawned from a few ideas of card groupings I liked together. As usual, I had a decent core idea, but had a hard time fleshing the list out. Luckily, I took it to my teammate Aaron Stross for tweaking. He's particularly gifted in deck building and limited play and has proven instrumental in seeing my ideas come to life.
This deck isn't intended to be a big player in competitive Standard. But it is meant to help us expand on our deck building skills and scratch that jank itch. It's mildly surprising, but I've been able to achieve a respectable amount of wins with this deck on Arena.
This time around I was interested in making a Jund Combo deck revolving around Thud and a large, cheap creature. The original idea was a Kraul Harpooner for two mana with a big undergrowth trigger plus Thud seems pretty sweet. Then the inclusion of Golgari Raiders naturally came along. Who doesn't love getting haste-punched for 12 and then Thud'ed for 12 immediately after?
The deck is actually surprisingly powerful and can pull off some pretty impressive graveyard shenanigans. There's a single Bone Dragon as a recurring threat and Plan B in case you mill by it; as is the case with Gravitic Punch. If you pass it, it's still a one-use trick from the graveyard, pairing nicely with our combo creature Kraul Harpooner and Golgari Raiders.
It was a non-zero number of times in practice that I felt it was right to use a Thud on turn two, to toss a Stitcher's Supplier at an opposing one toughness creature. This seemed to lead to a little bit of extra time and a thicker graveyard, capable of nastier undergrowth counts.
Gutterbones is a nice little recurring threat when you can find incidental ways to damage the opponent.
From Aaron's touch-ups to the deck, I cut the three Light Up the Stage and replaced them with Wand of Vertebrae, which has some incredibly interesting uses. Not only does the wand lead to some insanely large undergrowth counts earlier than expected, it can recycle combo pieces back into the deck after milling them, it can find one-shot graveyard cards to use… It really feels like a Swiss Army knife in this deck. However I'm not opposed to experimenting with Treasure Map, either.
Rix Maadi Reveler is a sweet addition here, as it does basically everything we need it to. It's a 2/2 that is more than likely to die easily (to heighten your creature count in graveyard for undergrowth), it can rummage (discard, then draw), OR it can cycle your whole hand to draw three cards if you pay it's spectacle cost. What a bounty of options!
I'm completely taking Aaron's word on the mana base here because I'm super terrible at working with mana. To be fair, I've never really had much of an issue with the lands while playing this deck on Arena.
Overall I wasn't totally satisfied with Priest of Forgotten Gods. It seems a little slow. It's a really neat card but I don't think this is the list for it. I think that card wants to be used for other purposes, like casting an early Gruesome Menagerie, etc. Actually, the original raw version of this deck I had built was running Gruesome Menagerie with a weird return package of Stitcher's Supplier, Kraul Harpooner, and Gruul Spellbreaker. The idea was to find ways to recycle our big creatures in case we mill past them. This probably indirectly lead Aaron to including Bone Dragon and Gravitic Punch, a much more solid Plan B than Gruesome Menagerie into an undergrowth creature plus Thud (already in hand).
I think the keys to improving this deck to its "ultimate" form will be experimenting with replacements for Priest of Forgotten Gods, dropping the Light Up the Stages for Wand of Vertebrae, and maybe adjusting the Thud count.
Drawing more than one Thud usually stinks, and it doesn't have too many uses unless we're looking to close the game out. Using a Thud to kill something with a Stitcher's Supplier, as mentioned before, is just gravy. You can't draw it up like that every time though. I'm starting to think I may want to trade down a Thud up to a second Gravitic Punch.
The next stage from there will be to develop a sideboard, something I haven't put much thought into yet. I'm fairly certain the side would love to see typical culprits such as Duress, Vraska's Contempt, and the like. Rhythm of the Wild should be a solid inclusion into the sideboard. Making our combo creatures un-counterable is fantastic, and that way would Golgari Raiders have haste… and so would Kraul Harpooner! A two drop hasty threat that is that big is just plain SCARY! It's worth noting that if the opponent controls a flyer you MAY fight it with Kraul Harpooner. It's either a removal spell, or half of our combo. You tell me.
I'm thinking a small number of Cindervines may make it into this sideboard. Bedevil is possible if we want to go quicker than Vraska's Contempt, maybe something like Dead Revels to recycle combo creatures – there are many avenues to take, and this is just the start.
This deck has been incredibly fun to play and just as much fun to work on. It'll probably make its way back around and see another article with a full sideboard and maybe a tourney report! Sometimes it's nice to take a break from the nature of competition and play jank for fun or build to explore ideas.
Deck building is an incredibly artistic process and as an artist of other mediums, I both appreciate and recommend slowing down on competitive events from time to time to value other parts of the game. Playing a random game of EDH or helping brand new players build a deck for their first time in store are two things I've been involved with lately that I usually wouldn't be.
Check it out, I had tons of fun with both of those things and they kind of reminded my why I started playing Magic. I normally wouldn't show up looking to teach people to play; I find it boring, I'll be honest. However, I had nothing else to do, and the two players I was teaching were genuinely excited and seemed flabbergasted that I'd even want to help them. It was as if these new players saw me playing in an LCQ (Last Chance Qualifier for the RPTQ – Regional) and that made them think I was above helping them or something.
This was some of the most fun I've had playing Magic recently, and it was literally with a Bant deck made up of contents of eight random packs vs. a Dinosaur themed Planeswalker deck. Sure, it took us like 10 minutes to play through one turn for each player, but I'm almost certain those two will want to continue playing Magic.
Bant Sandwurm Convergence got crushed by the Planeswalker deck, but I did my best to help him build from what was available to him.
The camaraderie, sense of community, sharing, lending, carpooling, trips, and genuine excitement of new players are the things that I'm trying to live for in this gaming community BESIDES trying to win the tournaments I play. I encourage everyone to set out-of-game goals in Magic that have nothing to do with your play. Lend a deck to someone, offer that young kid at FNM a tip on how to improve their deck or offer some kind words after watching someone play. Try to lead with compliment before criticism, and keep positivity as the focus and I ensure that you'll get a lot more out of the game and the community surrounding you.
Thanks for popping by and reading! I really appreciate the support and kind words.


Quiring, Courtney, et al. "Formulas Helpful for Calculating Doses." Davis's Drug Guide, 16th ed., F.A. Davis Company, 2019. Anesthesia Central, anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/109503/all/Formulas_Helpful_for_Calculating_Doses.
Quiring C, Sanoski CA, Vallerand AH. Formulas Helpful for Calculating Doses. Davis's Drug Guide. 16th ed. F.A. Davis Company; 2019. https://anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/109503/all/Formulas_Helpful_for_Calculating_Doses. Accessed April 20, 2019.
Quiring C, Sanoski CA, Vallerand AH. Formulas Helpful for Calculating Doses [Internet]. In: Davis's Drug Guide. F.A. Davis Company; 2019. [cited 2019 April 20]. Available from: https://anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/109503/all/Formulas_Helpful_for_Calculating_Doses.


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Made in Barking and Dagenham
opens IMAGE file
Workers with a Locomotive at Dagenham Dock (1890)
Female workers packing goods at Sherwood Paints (c. 1910)
Plan of the Jute Mill at Barking Creek (1891)
Dagenham Breach by Harry Cunningham (1963)
Dagenham Dock No. 7 Jetty (1949)
Model of Bolenium Bill now held by Valence House Museum
Ever Ready Factory (n.d.)
Interior of the Recreation Hall at Sterling Works (1918)
Made in Barking and Dagenham is a project funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund's Collecting Cultures Programme. This exhibition explores how industry played a major role in shaping the modern landscape of Barking and Dagenham.
Our industrial history
Barking and Dagenham owes much of its character and appearance to industrialisation. In less than a century, industry transformed what were two fishing and farming settlements in Essex into expansive suburban towns within Greater London.
What makes Barking and Dagenham unique, however, is the astonishing range of industrial activity and endeavour. Whilst many towns and cities were famous for making one type of product, for example Stoke-on-Trent for pottery and Sheffield for steel, Barking and Dagenham was producing a huge variety of interesting and bizarre products.
During the 20th century, industries based around, or producing, chemicals, food and drink, power and energy, mechanical engineering, iron and steel and minerals all flourished and diversified, and at times failed. Some were small-scale and short-lived, others gargantuan and long-lasting.
Barking and Dagenham's manufacturing profile is unrivalled by any other London borough within Greater London.
The hundreds of industries in borough provided numerous jobs for the people of Barking and Dagenham.
The Barking Jute Works, sometimes known as the Abbey Works, was established by a Mr Thomas Duff in 1866 on the east bank of the River Roding at the southern end of Fisher Street. Men, usually married with families, came as engineers and supervisors. The majority of the jute workers were young females, usually single and often away from the control of their families. Determined to enjoy themselves, they developed a reputation for drunken brawling at weekends and bank holidays which made the town notorious in the 1880s and 1890s.
What we made
As mentioned above a wide range of products were made in Barking and Dagenham. From Butterkist Popcorn to rubber tyres at William Warne & Co.
The area is perhaps best known for producing cars for the Ford Motor Company. Ford opened its first factory in England in Manchester in 1911. The company has been associated with Dagenham since 1924, when it purchased a portion of land at Dagenham Dock from Samuel Williams & Sons Ltd. Construction of the Ford factory in Dagenham began in 1929 and it opened in 1931. The main Dagenham car production works closed in 2002, but a remodelled diesel engine plant remains on the site.
Factory buildings
The early factories that housed companies producing chemicals, fertilisers and iron were generally functional in design with little in the way of aesthetic or architectural considerations.
By the 1930s, industries, like Berger Paints, Ever Ready Batteries and Dicky Bird's Ice Cream had invested in state-of-the-art premises inspired by the Modern Movement Designs. These buildings featured in the architectural press for their distinctive and innovative designs.
The different manufacturers in Barking and Dagenham readily embraced advertising and clever marketing of their products.
W. A. Smith and Co., producers of industrial clothing in Selinas Lane, Dagenham, were particularly successful in the development of a brand image and the use of a brand voice – that of Bolenium Bill. Bolenium Bill was a jolly rotund workman who wore the clothes produced by the company and appeared on trade cards, advertising plaques, shop signs, newspaper adverts and most unusually as an in-store resin model that sat on top of the counters in drapers and menswear shops.
Workers at play
As the twentieth century progressed, companies were increasingly concerned with the welfare of their workers, and encouraged social outings and clubs, as well as providing additional facilities such as canteens and recreation halls.
A new recreation hall was erected adjoining the canteen at Sterling Works during the First World War. Concerts here held here during leisure hours. The orchestra was made up of staff and workers employed by Sterling. The Sterling Bing Girls were a great success when it came to entertaining their fellow workers. Miss Wightman was particularly popular for her impersonation of Charlie Chaplin. A number of clubs emerged including a Sterling Athletic and Social Club, and the Sterling Cycling Club.
Fifty Years a Borough