text:
Innocenzo Vincenzo Bartolomeo Luigi Carlo Manzetti (; 17 March 1826 – 15 March 1877) was an Italian inventor born in Aosta. Following his primary school studies he went to the Jesuit-run Saint Bénin Boarding School and then on to Turin where he was awarded a diploma in land surveying before returning to Aosta.

Inventions

Automaton

In 1840 he constructed a flute-playing automaton, in the shape of a man, life-size, seated on a chair. Hidden inside the chair were levers, connecting rods and compressed air tubes, which made the automaton's lips and fingers move on the flute according to a program recorded on a cylinder similar to those used in player pianos. The automaton was powered by clockwork and could perform 12 different arias. As part of the performance, it would rise from the chair, bow its head, and roll its eyes.

Later he managed to get his automaton to play any piece performed by a musician on an organ by muting the organ's keys and connecting them to the automaton's fingers. A complex automaton was described in the same 1865 news article that described Manzetti's telephone. He also built, as a toy for his daughter, a wooden flying parrot which would beat its wings then, reportedly, rise into the air and hover for two or three minutes before settling on a shelf.

Hydraulics

In 1855 Manzetti invented a hydraulic machine to empty water from the wells of the Ollomont Mines, which were previously unworkable.

Steam car

In 1864 he built a steam-powered car, some 27 years before that built in Paris by Léon Serpollet. He also built the first Zamboni from that technology

Speaking telegraph (telephone)

In 1843 Manzetti first mooted the idea of a "speaking telegraph", or telephone, but didn't pursue the idea at the time. In 1864, to give his automaton the power of speech, Manzetti is reported to have invented his speaking telegraph –some reports state that he didn't actually get it working until the following year. Although he did not patent his device it was reported in Paris, and likely in the press around the world.

On 22 November 1865 a description of a telephone device attributed to Manzetti appeared in the Parisian newspaper, Le Petit Journal, extracted from a similar article in the Sardinia Courier ("Il Corriere di Sardegna"). The article very briefly wrote of an electrical telephone that could reproduce music and loudly spoken vowels with good quality, but could only produce softly spoken speech confusingly. The article's author wrote:

"Manzetti transmits directly the word by means of the ordinary telegraphic wire, with an apparatus simpler than the one which is now used for dispatches. Now, two merchants will be able to discuss their business instantly from London to Calcutta, announce each other speculations, propose them, conclude them. Many experiments have been made already. They were successful enough to establish the practical possibility of this discovery. Music can already be perfectly transmitted; as for the words, the sonorous ones are heard distinctly."

Earlier, on 22 August 1865, La Feuille d'Aoste had reported:

"It was also rumoured that English technicians to whom Manzetti illustrated his method for transmitting spoken words on the telegraph wire intended to apply the invention on several private telegraph lines in England."

Suggestions of the alleged intellectual property theft appear unsubstantiated, as there were no historical records of English technicians or companies implementing 'speaking telegraphs' in the U.K., or elsewhere, in that time period. The United Kingdom did not see its first telephone demonstrations until A.G. Bell demonstrated one of his early devices to Queen Victoria and others in 1877. Well documented sources record that Bell first conceptualized and invented electrical telephony in Canada in July 1874, and did not actually build a working model until March 1876, thus mooting the suggestion of the invention's theft from Manzetti by Bell or others although contacts between Bell and Meucci prior to Bell's patent filings are confirmed.

Miscellaneous inventions

Other machines invented by Manzetti included:
 geodetic instruments that he needed for his work as a surveyor
 a bicycle
 a piano
 a special pantograph for the reproduction of bas-reliefs on ivory, marble or wood
 a telescope with three converging lenses that allowed the user to observe a movement at a distance of more than
 a pendulum watch which would work for one year on a single winding.

Family

Manzetti married Rosa Sofia Anzola in 1864.  His first daughter, Maria Sofia, died in 1867 at the age of two. Manzetti himself died in Aosta on his 51st birthday, poor and largely unrecognized, one year after the death of his second and last daughter, Marina Fortunata.

References

External links
 Innocenzo Manzetti website
 Innocenzo Manzetti edited by Dr. Basilio Catania, international telecommunications researcher and historian

1826 births
1877 deaths
People from Aosta
19th-century Italian inventors
Discovery and invention controversies

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
[this is a data cube dataset] A data cube dataset in folders : Scottish Government, Labour Force
Self Employment level and ratio (aged 16 and over).
95% Lower Confidence Limit
95% Upper Confidence Limit
Council Areas
mailto:lmstats@gov.scot
In folders
People are classed as 'in employment' (employee or self-employed) if they have done at least one hour of paid work in the week prior to their LFS interview. The self employed ratio is the number of people who are self employed (16+) divided by the number of people in employment (16+).
The data used for this indicator is taken from the Annual Population Survey (APS). The APS was introduced in January 2004 and it has replaced the Annual Local Area Labour Force Survey. The APS combines results from the Labour Force Survey ( LFS) and the English, Welsh and Scottish Labour Force Survey boosts. The boosts increase the sample size which means the APS can provide more robust labour market estimates for local areas compared to the main LFS. Thus the APS is the primary source for information on local labour markets providing headline estimates on employment, unemployment and economic activity. The APS is the largest annual household survey in Scotland and provides a wealth of information about individuals' personal circumstances and their work. The LFS surveys individuals living at private households in the UK and is designed to be representative of the national population. The Scottish Government funds the boost to the LFS sample in Scotland, taking the sample size from approximately 8,000 households for the each year to 23,000 households.
This dataset does not contain any sensitive or personal information.
Details on the methodology and quality assurance of Annual Population Survey data can be found on the ONS website
Where the estimate is unreliable (i.e. the group sample size or estimate is small) or the group sample size is zero or disclosive (0-2), the data has been removed.
The Scottish Government publishes reports which present analysis on the labour market at Scotland and sub-Scotland levels. Note that this data is not seasonally adjusted and comparisons should only be made with the same quarter across years.
Statistics from the APS are presented in reports and spreadsheets available on the Scottish Goverment's website.
The Annual Population Survey (APS) combines results from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and the English, Welsh and Scottish Labour Force Survey boosts increasing the sample size in Scotland, which means the APS can provide more robust labour market estimates compared to the main Labour Force Survey, for local areas and smaller groups of the population.
This dataset is updated quarterly.
In April 2019, APS data for Scotland was reweighted to 2016 population estimates. Consequently estimates for previous years (from 2012 through to 2018) may differ from previously released results.
This is a linked data resource: it has a permanent unique uri at which both humans and machines can find it on the Internet, and which can be used an identifier in queries on our SPARQL endpoint.
http://statistics.gov.scot/data/self-employment
http://statistics.gov.scot/def/dimension/age
http://statistics.gov.scot/def/dimension/gender
Linked Data is stored in graphs. We keep dataset contents (the data) separately from the metadata, to make it easier for you to find exactly what you need.
The data in this dataset are stored in the graph: http://statistics.gov.scot/graph/self-employment
The data structure definition for this data cube dataset is stored in the same graph as the data: http://statistics.gov.scot/graph/self-employment
All other metadata about this dataset are stored in the graph: http://statistics.gov.scot/graph/self-employment/metadata
Linked Data Resources
A breakdown by type of the 45,616 resources in this dataset's data graph.
Number of resources
Component specification 11
Data set 1
Data structure definition 1
Observation 45,601
All metadata
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Accessibility and Clarity http://statistics.gov.scot/def/statistical-quality/accessibility-and-clarity
Statistics from the APS are presented in reports and spreadsheets available on the [Scottish Goverment's website](https://www2.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Labour-Market/Publications). xsd:string
Accuracy and Reliability http://statistics.gov.scot/def/statistical-quality/accuracy-and-reliability
Where the estimate is unreliable (i.e. the group sample size or estimate is small) or the group sample size is zero or disclosive (0-2), the data has been removed. xsd:string
Comment rdfs:comment http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment
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The Scottish Government publishes reports which [present analysis on the labour market](https://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Labour-Market/Publications) at Scotland and sub-Scotland levels. Note that this data is not seasonally adjusted and comparisons should only be made with the same quarter across years. xsd:string
Confidentiality http://statistics.gov.scot/def/statistical-quality/confidentiality
This dataset does not contain any sensitive or personal information. xsd:string
Contact email http://publishmydata.com/def/dataset#contactEmail
Creator dcterms:creator http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator
Scottish Government http://statistics.gov.scot/id/organisation/scottish-government
Date Issued dcterms:issued http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued
October 10, 2018 20:48 xsd:dateTime
Date Modified dcterms:modified http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified
December 02, 2021 14:41 xsd:dateTime
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People are classed as 'in employment' (employee or self-employed) if they have done at least one hour of paid work in the week prior to their LFS interview. The self employed ratio is the number of people who are self employed (16+) divided by the number of people in employment (16+). The data used for this indicator is taken from the Annual Population Survey (APS). The APS was introduced in January 2004 and it has replaced the Annual Local Area Labour Force Survey. The APS combines results from the Labour Force Survey ( LFS) and the English, Welsh and Scottish Labour Force Survey boosts. The boosts increase the sample size which means the APS can provide more robust labour market estimates for local areas compared to the main LFS. Thus the APS is the primary source for information on local labour markets providing headline estimates on employment, unemployment and economic activity. The APS is the largest annual household survey in Scotland and provides a wealth of information about individuals' personal circumstances and their work. The LFS surveys individuals living at private households in the UK and is designed to be representative of the national population. The Scottish Government funds the boost to the LFS sample in Scotland, taking the sample size from approximately 8,000 households for the each year to 23,000 households. xsd:string
Graph http://publishmydata.com/def/dataset#graph
http://statistics.gov.scot/graph/self-employment
Has a SPARQL endpoint at void:sparqlEndpoint http://rdfs.org/ns/void#sparqlEndpoint
http://statistics.gov.scot/sparql
http://publishmydata.com/def/dataset#nextUpdateDue http://publishmydata.com/def/dataset#nextUpdateDue
February 2022 xsd:string
In folder http://publishmydata.com/def/ontology/folder/inFolder
Scottish Government http://statistics.gov.scot/def/concept/folders/organisations/scottish-government
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License dcterms:license http://purl.org/dc/terms/license
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Quality Management http://statistics.gov.scot/def/statistical-quality/quality-management
Details on the methodology and quality assurance of Annual Population Survey data can be found on the [ONS website](https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/methodologies/annualpopulationsurveyapsqmi) xsd:string
References dcterms:references http://purl.org/dc/terms/references
http://statistics.gov.scot/help http://statistics.gov.scot/help
Relevance http://statistics.gov.scot/def/statistical-quality/relevance
The Annual Population Survey (APS) combines results from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and the English, Welsh and Scottish Labour Force Survey boosts increasing the sample size in Scotland, which means the APS can provide more robust labour market estimates compared to the main Labour Force Survey, for local areas and smaller groups of the population. xsd:string
Revisions http://statistics.gov.scot/def/statistical-quality/revisions
In April 2019, APS data for Scotland was reweighted to 2016 population estimates. Consequently estimates for previous years (from 2012 through to 2018) may differ from previously released results. xsd:string
Theme dcat:theme http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#theme
Timeliness and Punctuality http://statistics.gov.scot/def/statistical-quality/timeliness-and-punctuality
This dataset is updated quarterly. xsd:string
Title dcterms:title http://purl.org/dc/terms/title
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Data set http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#DataSet
Dataset http://publishmydata.com/def/dataset#Dataset
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In Graph http://statistics.gov.scot/graph/self-employment
Structure qb:structure http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#structure
http://statistics.gov.scot/data/structure/self-employment http://statistics.gov.scot/data/structure/self-employment
Machine-readable formats
In addition to this bookmarkable html page, this dataset metadata is also available for our robot customers in the following machine-readable formats. Please refer to the API documentation for more details.
dataset metadata JSON RDF/XML Turtle N-Triples Atom

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The thesis explores the effectiveness of incorporating amino terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) into several different aspects of the back-end-of-line (BEOL) process for integrated circuit (IC) fabrication . SAMs are essentially two-dimensional nanomolecular assemblies which can display large scale ordering via weak Van der Waals interactions, when deposited on a surface. In this study SAMs are considered for four main applications (i) as a pore sealant for porous dielectrics, (ii) as an adhesion promoter between copper and SiO2, (iii) as a blocker for selective area atomic layer deposition (ALD) and (iv) as a sacrificial layer in the novel electroless deposition (ELD) of cobalt. From a pore sealing perspective, in-situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies have shown that a manganese silicate layer is formed when a thin film of manganese is deposited and annealed on SAM terminated SiO2 and spin-on glass substrates. The presence of a silicate implies that the manganese can diffuse through the SAM and form a chemically stable barrier which could inhibit copper infiltration into the dielectric. In a separate study, XPS analysis of ultra-thin copper films (~0.5nm) deposited on three differently terminated SAMs suggests that amino terminated SAMs offer significant benefits in terms of both the nucleation and adhesion of copper overlayers on dielectric surfaces. A subsequent in-situ XPS study of the effects of atomic oxygen treatments of SAM terminated dielectric substrates displayed that highly controlled stepwise removal of the SAM could be routinely achieved which has significance for the understanding the oxidation cycle in the ALD growth of metal oxides on SAM terminated substrates. Finally, the role of SAMs in cobalt interconnect electroless deposition (ELD) has been characterised by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) in order to understand the optimized process to fabricate these interconnect structures.


text:
Last Updated: Sunday, 30 April 2006, 17:33 GMT 18:33 UK
Japan's toys for the elderly
Duncan Bartlett
Business Daily, BBC World Service
This toy may be cute but it's not for Japanese babies
Open up almost any children's toy box and you'll probably find a few toys that were made or designed in Japan.
The problem for Japanese companies is that the country's falling population means that there are now fewer children than before to play with them.
That has led the toy companies to turn to adults as potential customers.
Take the business Tomy, which had a world wide hit with the children's robot toy Transformers.
One of its latest lines is a doll that is selling very well to adult women, especially women over the age of 60.
Canned love
The talking robotic doll tells its owner how much it loves her and welcomes her home when she walks back into the house.
The majority of buyers are retired women who live alone.
These toys are a big hit with the elderly
"Many elderly people buy these dolls, they think the dolls are actual grandsons and granddaughters," says Yuko Hirakawa from Tomy.
"You can speak to the doll and she will tell you she loves you so much. If you hold the doll, the weight is the same weight as a small infant."
Apparently, it provides comfort for lonely women who hold it in their arms.
Falling population
Tomy recently merged with a rival firm, Takara.
It is just another Japanese company that is facing a harsh reality:
In 2005, for the first time since records began, Japan's population shrank.
By 2050, if current trends continue, Japan could be home to just 100 million people, down from today's 128 million.
We are redefining the definition of toys
Kanataro Tomiyama, Tomy president
"The falling birth rate is now a serious problem not just for our country but for our industry, too," company president Kanataro Tomiyama says.
"We have to develop very exciting new toys for the existing children but our strategy is to expand the age range of our toys. We are redefining the definition of toys."
"We go for teenagers, we go for people in their twenties and thirties, we go for housewives, families and for older people too. It's a strange culture but we are very lucky," Mr Tomiyama says
Another toy company that has had to tailor its products for adults is Nintendo.
Its "Brain Training Game" has been a hit in Japan with people over the age of 60 who believe it will keep them mentally agile.
The handheld computer game presents a series of puzzles based on mathematics and Japanese spelling.
It also allows players to keep score of how sharp their responses are.
Yet games for adults are nothing new in Japan.
One perennially popular activity is pachinko, a kind of pinball that is played in amusement arcades by adults.
Cash prizes are won by the most skilful players, though many people see it as a relaxing pastime aside from the gambling element.
Japan gives thanks for pinball
08 Aug 03 | Asia-Pacific
Japan invents 'cat chat' device
17 Jul 03 | Asia-Pacific
Japan goes barking mad for dog toy
27 Sep 02 | Business
Robofish splash down in Tokyo
16 Mar 00 | Science/Nature
Robo-pup attacks toy market
11 May 99 | Science/Nature


text:
SAINT BRIGID
The Mary of Ireland
By Alice Curtayne
CERTAINTY attaches to Irish record only from the coming of St. Patrick. Before that, all is cloudy surmise; after it the nation begins to emerge in a clear light. In that early clarity of record three names linked together will stand out for all time. No one can write our history without reference to them. No account of our native literature can be presented if they be ignored, for the three have been our abiding inspiration through the ages. No account, even of native art, can be written without explaining them. Archaeologists work backwards and arrive at them. Geographers have to consider them, for these three names are everywhere woven into the topography of the country. If, therefore, through some mystery of iniquity the Church were silenced in Ireland and there were an end to native literature and art, still the very stones would cry out those names; wells, ruins, raths, and townlands would tell their story. Mountains would have to be levelled to blot out their memory. These three upon whom abut all our history, literature, art, building and topography are: Patrick, Brigid, and Columcille. Their memory is our spiritual banner. When that flag is surrendered, the Gael is no more.
Saint Patrick, before he died, wrote his 'Confession, a precious document, enshrined in the 'Book of Armagh. It is brief, capable of being read attentively in half and hour; it is accessible to all in Dr. J. B. Newport White's translation, a rendering not only accurate, but having the higher merit of reproducing something of the original's deep spirit. In this 'Confession, Saint Patrick speaks chiefly of his missionary work in Ireland, and of the stupendous success that crowned his labours. He does not try to minimize his success-such not being the way of truth- but he humbly ascribes it directly to God. He tells us that what most astonished him among his converts were: the rapid emergence of a strong native clergy, and the firm rooting of monasticism in a soil miraculously congenial.
A native clergy and a native monastic impulse are indeed the two factors that give a sort of divine guarantee of permanence to the evangelization of any country. Patrick, son of a Roman decurion, trained through the long, slow years at the famous centres of Marmoutier, Lerins, Arles, and Auxerre, with rigid Roman-Empire notions of what was civilized and what barbarian, confesses himself astonished at the aptness and the quick spiritual insight of his Irish converts. But the most amazing unexpected blossom that unfolded in the garden planted by Patrick was-Brigid. If the Apostle envisaged the rising up of even a Columcille in Ireland, I do not think he had dared dream of such a portent as Brigid.
Every one of her nine or ten first biographers assigns a different date to her birth, but no date is very far distant from the year 450. One must, therefore, be content with saying that she was born about the middle of the fifth century. The new chronology of Patrick's life, outcome of extensive research, places his death in the year 461. This makes it impossible for Saint Patrick to have known Brigid in her maturity. As a fact, in the oldest 'Lives of the Apostle she is mentioned only once. She can have been little more than a child when he died.
If I begin by saying Brigid was a flame, I risk the charge of taking a caption from the cinema, yet that is the term used by her first biographers in describing her. Her singularity must be emphasized. The idea of perpetuating her memory by keeping a fire constantly burning as a symbol of her was strictly appropriate. All who approached her in life testified that she communicated a sort of illumination and warmth. She stood out luminously against a background of gloom. Some authorities affirm that her name means 'fiery arrow. She certainly shot up like a dart of fire out of utter darkness.
To appreciate the unique and dramatic nature of such a portent as she was, one must see her in sharp contrast with the women of her day. I do not say that these were not emancipated. There are many senses in which the women of early Christian Ireland were far more emancipated than we. They had special assemblies of their own to discuss matters of feminine interest, and no man was permitted to be present. They had games of their own at fairs. There is evidence that ladies of rank learned how to read and write. A woman aimed not merely at knowing all feminine crafts, but at possessing all the utensils necessary for them- to wit, a hand-mill, sieve, loom, distaff, spindles; if she possessed all these, she had a special status, that of a 'great worker, as it was quaintly termed. A prospective husband in those days had to pay a dowry to his bride's father, so that someone, I think it is O'Curry, remarks that Ireland was the only place where the wife rather than the husband was bought. After marriage, a wife was allowed separate ownership of property, and her position was practically equal to that of her husband. in the early Christian Ireland that produced Brigid there is no hint of injustice or subjection in the normal status of woman.
I say 'the normal status, for there was a second grade of women, bond-maidens or slave-women, who were much less fortunate. They had no rights. They were frequently grossly treated. Ancient Irish literature is full of anecdotes illustrating the miseries of their position. Saint Patrick pitied them sincerely. The fact that he makes special mention of them in his 'Confession shows that their plight was on his mind:
'The women who are kept in slavery suffer especially; they constantly endure even unto terrors and threats. But the Lord gave grace to many of His handmaidens, for, although they are forbidden, they earnestly follow the example (set them).
The state of affairs is very clear from this brief reference. When the slave-woman of pagan masters became a convert, she had not much to hope for by way of sympathy or facilities to practise her religion, unless her masters, too, were converted. It was unheard of that a slave-woman should have ideas, or even a will of her own. The moment she was suspected of possessing such, her lot was 'suffering, terrors and threats. Now the miracle of Brigid is that she belonged to this despised and downtrodden class.
Two points must be remembered. First this: among free women there was no possible sphere of usefulness, no status, no avenue of honour thinkable outside of family life. The idea of leadership, of organization by women among women, was absolutely unknown. Secondly, neither within nor without the family was emancipation even dreamed by slave-women. But Brigid arose from among them, and straightway the whole framework of the feminine world was altered, its horizons enlarged, and on those horizons there dawned Vision. She was not the first nun in Ireland, but among the first, and she was the very greatest. She was a captive, destined to hold captive for all time the imagination of her people. She opened to free women a gate into a new land, but to bondwomen she opened the very gates of Paradise. In one gesture she taught them to mount what a stairway of escape! Immunity from ill treatment, liberty, status, vocation, and the chance of pursuing it in a dedicated life.
As Dr. Healy has pointed out, the full weight of evidence is in favour of the account stating that Saint Brigid was the daughter of a Leinster chieftain named Dubhthach-lineal descendant of a High King of Ireland-and of a bondwoman in his household. Brigid was not born in her father's house, but at Faughart, a village some two miles from Dundalk, in the house of a Druid to whom her mother had been sold before the birth of the child.
Having royalty on one side and slavery on the other, Brigid grew up with an inborn comprehension of all classes of society. Frequently, in after-life, we find her claiming kinship with slaves, but while making almost a regal gesture. She had what is called a bad start, indeed a very bad start, in life. If there was any happiness in her childhood, no gleam of it has been transmitted in the 'Lives. Probably no one today could find a childhood so unhappy as Brigid's. If Dubhthach had sold her mother, he had reserved for himself the offspring. Shortly after her birth, therefore, the child, who had been baptized a Christian, was taken back into her father's household to receive her own initiation into drudgery. She had there a stepmother who detested her, and who made her the object of persecution. From that sordid background, her individuality began to emerge uniquely, like rare blossom. She perplexed her chieftain father because she had two undeniable gifts hardly ever found in combination: extreme beauty and the quickest intelligence. She could not be ignored. But her gifts hardly recommended her to her stepmother. In the end, Dubhthach, to promote the peace of his household, determined to be rid of Brigid.
One of the charges brought against her at this period was her habit of giving away her father's property in 'indiscriminate charity. Her bounty was always of that sweeping and even devasting kind, disconcerting to those about her. Traits of royalty seem to have come out most inconveniently in the slave girl. She was incapable of refusing a beggar. When set minding sheep, she would even hand one of them away-to a leper, perhaps! She might indicate even a cow as his portion. . . . Her exceptional strong-mindedness is evident at this early age; her dogged determination to right some of the injustice of the world. For we may be sure that 'suffering, terrors and threats were employed very freely in her case to deter her from taking her Christianity with such literalness. No punishment had the least effect on her (after all, she was Dubhthach's daughter). Hence the reason she was called away one day from her domestic drudgery and placed in a chariot by her father. He had made up his mind to sell her to the son of his overlord, the King of Leinster.
The story of what ensued is full of human interest. Brigid, being a wholly normal child, beamed with delight at the prospect of a drive. But her father was in a towering rage, and said roughly to her: 'It is not to give you a treat that I am taking you in the chariot, but to sell you. You are going to grind the corn for Dunlaing now. When they arrived at the latter's fortress, Dubhthach left her sitting in the chariot, while he went in to make a bargain. The unhappy man left his sword, too, in the chariot. A beggar seems to have come on the scene immediately and Brigid serenely handed him her father's sword! This to show how very incorrigible she was. . . . I leave to the reader's imagination the scene that followed her father's return.
Dunlaing, her prospective buyer, was a Christian, fortunately for Brigid. Of her bountiful giving he took an altogether different view from her father. Also he appears to have remonstrated with Dubhthach for trying to sell his own daughter. He gave him a new sword to placate him. The upshot was that Brigid was not sold, but taken home again. After this she seems to have gradually slipped out of a condition of bondage.
She started then from absolute nothingness, and all the help she received in her career came not from her family, but from such Christian bishops as she had the good fortune to encounter. Patrick had set the example of purchasing the manumission of slaves wherever possible, so as to enable them to practise their religion, and his disciples followed his example.
It was probably through some such assistance that Brigid became a nun while yet in her early teens, sixteen or seventeen. Two names of bishops stand out as her counsellors: Maccaille, by whom she was professed, and Mel, who was her constant adviser.
It was the practice in those early days for nuns, or 'consecrated virgins, as they were called, to remain in their own home, or in small and usually unorganized groups. Brigid in the beginning did likewise. Then she ventured living with eight or nine companions, and thus became the pioneer of community life, and the patroness of all the hosts innumerable of Irish nuns. The site where her first community made their convent settlement is unknown. But Brigid's example was followed so rapidly and by such numbers that other foundations became imperative. She was forced to lead a life of constant travel to respond to the demand for new settlements. Of these the greatest and most famous was at Kildare, where she chiefly had her residence, in her 'Cell-of-the-Oak.
As a nun, Brigid appears to have dressed in a white woollen habit and cloak, with a white veil, and her hair was not cut. She wrote a rule which is no longer extant, but said to enjoin a severe mode of life, in which mortification entered largely. None of her nuns, however, led an enclosed life. Brigid, as we have said, was of necessity an indefatigable traveller, constantly driving in a chariot around the country. In these journeys, it was her practice to take some of her sisters in religion to accompany her. Before her death she was the Mother Abbess of thirteen thousand nuns.
Many times in her life we find Brigid securing the freedom of slaves, always with an interest that amounted to passion. One of these was a woman whom she found her father ill treating; another was a girl who was being cruelly beaten by her mistress, who was neverthless unwilling to part with the slave at any price because she was 'a weaver of very fine stuffs.
Around the little community, established at her 'Cell-of-the-Oak, Kildare, there soon grew a mighty institution, even a settlement as large as a city. Brigid founded a monastic house for men as well as for women and it was probably for that reason she was granted the favour of nominating a bishop for Kildare. These monks, who lived according to Brigid's rule, founded in their turn a school, which speedily rivalled the famous school of Armagh. The Kildare school specialized in artistic metal work, so that from Brigid's 'family there originated one of the strongest impulses to Christian native art. Beautifully ornamented chalices, patens, book-covers, crosiers and bells were supplied from Kildare to all the churches in Ireland.
Illumination was another branch of art in which this school excelled. There existed at one time, now alas, no longer extant, a Book of Kildare which is said to have surpassed in beauty even the Book of Kells. Giraldus Cambrensis, who appears to have seen it in the twelfth century, praised it at great length as the most beautiful book he had ever beheld.
Brigid's exceptional powers of construction and administration naturally attracted the notice of contemporary ecclesiastics, and all who were of note appear to have sought her counsel in the organization of the areas under their jurisdiction. Her strong-mindedness, a quality rare in woman, has given rise to many legends: one of these represents her as having episcopal powers conferred upon her, and another as she, herself, conferring episcopal powers, both legends being manifestly absurd. That, from taking counsel of bishops, she developed into the counsellor of bishops is certain; that she even had a voice in the appointing of bishops is probable.
Great stress is laid in the 'Lives on her material charity. The hugeness of her bounty was a perpetual embarrassment to her community, as a few examples will show. Once she and her companions were driving in a chariot on a long journey, when they encountered a poor family, with heavy burdens, toiling along the road, apparently moving house. The saint immediately alighted, bade her nuns do likewise, and handed their vehicle over to the pedestrians. Then she and her sisters sat down by the roadside to consider the position, for their destination was too far away to reach it on foot. We read of her community frequently losing patience and railing at her. They are even represented as saying this: 'Much good your compassion does us, when we are often without bread and clothing! Who can blame them? The terrific example given by Brigid seemed too hard for mortals. Once it devolved upon her to entertain a bishop and his retinue. Her nuns assiduously collected provisions and prepared a feast which they considered fairly adequate for the occasion. But, almost on the eve of the event, a crowd of beggars came to the gates, importuning alms, and Brigid dispensed among them every item, down to the last crumb, of what had been prepared for the feast!
This must have been a great personal sacrifice, for if the saint had a recreation it was the exercise of hospitality. Everyone who came to her doors was entertained. In this lavish dispensing she was frequently disturbed by misgivings of an insufficient supply. Would the butter last out? Or would the beer go round? were the anxieties known to Brigid the hostess. But all earthy feasts come to an end. This great-souled woman always thought the backs of departing guests a sad sight. Did they have enough? And would they be fed tomorrow? were her recurrent troubles. There is an Irish poem ascribed to her in which she is supposed to envisage heaven as a stupendous feast, shared by countless guests and going on forever, replenished from inexhaustible supplies; even a 'lake of ale is mentioned. Though the authenticity of the poem is dubious, the idea is just. It is strictly true of Brigid that her heaven would be a state in which she could have all the pleasures of hospitality without its solicitudes.
Her visions were as characteristic of her as that notion of heaven. Professor Gardner, extending a thought of Shelley, has remarked somewhere that 'the mystic's representation, the language that he uses, must all be coloured by his previous education and mental equipment. It is, indeed, highly interesting to observe that when the saints attempt to describe their visions they invariably end by describing some daily scene, but to which they attach an allegorical meaning. Thus when Saint Catherine of Siena, pursued with questions about her ecstatic experience, attempted a stammering description, what emerged, in fact, was no more than a description of an early Sienese painting! How characteristic in this respect were the visions of Brigid. In that one described in the Labar Brecc, she 'saw ploughmen and sowers, clear shining streams, oats springing up, a furrowed field, all farm animals: sheep, swine, dogs. These are the things on which Brigid's eyes rested every day.
For Saint Brigid is supremely the saint of pastoral life. She is the genius of our Irish homesteads, and every farm is in a sense her shrine. She is the tutelar spirit of our meadows and gardens. But within the iron gates of industrial cities, she is a stranger. All her legends are about farm life, milking cows, making firkins of butter, calling home the sheep in the rain. She was at home in a dairy. The legends evoke discomfitures that are very familiar: the dairymaid's confusion when a superior worker sneers at her butter, as insufficient in quantity or indifferent in quality. Brigid was a notable butter and cheese maker, and her home-brewed ale was famous throughout the land. After her profession, even when she was Mother Abbess of thirteen thousand nuns, she still spent part of each day at those rural occupations. We read of her coming in from shepherding, her garments saturated with rain; or supervising the reapers from dawn to sunset in the harvest fields about her convent settlement; or contentedly busy over her stores of honey and wholesome brews. She was familiar with and loved all animal life. The wild duck came at her call. Once she tamed a wild fox for a pet.
Yet one finds her represented in statues'I remember one notably, at St. Gerans holding a book in one hand and a quill pen in the other. This is because she was the patroness of learning, too. I have said that the school founded by her inspiration at Kildare became one of the two most famous in Ireland. She fostered culture equally with pastoral occupations. Therefore in order to describe her adequately, one must associate words commonly-and perhaps wrongly-dissociated. One must call her an intellectual dairymaid, a cultured cowherd, a field-labourer who promoted art and literature, a shepherdess who had learning. In considering Brigid at her rural occupations, let that statement in the Book of Lismore be always remembered too:
'Wherefore thence it came to pass that the comradeship of the world's sons of reading is with Brigid, and the Lord gives them through Brigid's prayer every perfect good they ask.
An epigrammatic mode of speech and a certain imperiousness are attributed to her. Once a visitor brought her a basket of choice apples, which Brigid immediately began to distribute among lepers. 'I did not bring them for those, cried the visitor, chagrined, 'but for you. 'What is mine is theirs, answered Brigid. Once an Abbot with some companions came to her convent to preach. They had come a long journey and, on their arrival, told her they were hungry. 'So are we hungry-for instruction, said Brigid. 'Go into the church first and preach and then you shall eat.
She was vehement by nature, and her method in intercourse was to cut an argument short by swift and emphatic action. She practised personal mortification to an extent that would be frightening to detail, yet never lost hold of practical common sense. See how these traits emerge from the following anecdotes. Once in a period of bad harvests, a little settlement she had founded was without food, and Brigid with two companions set out to procure some. They finally arrived in a starving condition at a neighbouring monastic settlement. The Abbot set before them bread and bacon, which Brigid began thankfully to eat. But it was Lent, and her two companions refrained from the bacon, as though to say: 'We're going to keep the fast, even if you're not! When Brigid noticed their attitude, she was so indignant at what was but Pharisaical formalism under circumstances of such stress, that she jumped up from the table, and, taking the sisters by the shoulders, ran them out of the room.
Leprosy, or some form of it, must have been common at the time in Ireland, for lepers throng the old 'Lives; prowling around the convent in search of alms, living permanently on Brigid's bounty, obtaining miraculous cure from her, or quarrelling among themselves, for they were an obstreperous class, and appeared to think their affliction gave them the privelege of lawlessness. We see Brigid in her white woollen dress and white veil constantly labouring in a circle of these for their relief. Once she told one of them, who was but slightly afflicted, to wash another, who was a mass of scurvy. The leper surlily refused. Whereupon Brigid, without comment, dragged forward a tub of water and did it herself.
For all her fiery vehemence, she had an abiding gentleness, too, as is seen in that story of the blind nun, Dara. Once, during her round of visitations, she came upon this old, blind sister and sat beside her to talk. Like many who are similarly afflicted, Dara's mind was exceptionally bright, and her conversation very good. Brigid forgot the passage of time while they talked in complete absorption. She realized it with a start when she saw through the open doorway dawn breaking over the fields, and found that the night had passed in discussion. The saint sat looking silently at the beauty of the sunrise, and the freshness of the world it revealed. Artist that she was, it profoundly affected her. And suddenly it seemed an intolerable thing that her companion could not see it too. Turning to Dara, she touched her eyes and the blind nun saw. Dara looked long at the daybreak without speaking. Then she said to Brigid: 'Give me back my blindness, for if I were to behold this every day, my powers of contemplation would be scattered. Brigid touched her eyes again and left her enveloped in welcome darkness.
There is in all the stories, legendary and authentic, concerning Brigid, a surprising ring of familiarity. The miraculous apart, those simple episodes of everyday occurrence sound as though they had happened yesterday to some nun of our acquaintance. It is worthy of note about this saint that she held the affections not only of her own communities, but of the laity too, who always enjoyed visiting her. We read of a girl coming to see her and the hours passing in a flash. The visitor was exceedingly sorrowful when she found it was time to go. 'Stay here for the night, said Brigid. 'But there is no one at home to milk the cows, said the girl, 'no one to feed the calves, or drive in the cattle unless I go. 'Leave all that to me, said Brigid. So the girl, persuaded, remained. Of course, when she got home next day, her property was safe and all had been done for her by miracle.
The same occurred with another girl, whose heart seemed to break when the moment of departure came, 'Stay here for the night, said Brigid. But this girl had an aged, paralysed father waiting at home, and she insisted with anguish that she should return or his anxiety would be intolerable. 'Leave all that to me, said Brigid. When the girl returned home in the forenoon of the following day, her father welcomed her with a tranquil smile.
He said the sun had never ceased shining during her absence, which he believed to be but of an hour's duration. I like that picture of the old man, dozing off in full sunshine, his eyes sealed at Brigid's prayer so that he knew nothing of the torturing passage of lonely hours. When he opened them again, he saw the same full sunshine and his daughter coming towards him.
Physical courage entered largely into Brigid's work of organizing convent settlements all over Ireland. She had to drive immense distances, often over rough roads, and over rivers, and with mettlesome horses. We read of her being twice thrown from her chariot, and on one occasion her head struck a stone and was cut open. Once her horse bolted, and stopped by miracle on the edge of a precipice. Once, in order to avail of a short cut, her charioteer insisted on driving her through a field that was private property, and in the process of being hedged. There ensued a fight between him and some labourers, in which Brigid incurred considerable danger.
It was a time of lawlessness too. The protection of her little settlements was one of her problems. We read, more than once, of robbers plundering the property of her communities. Brigid, in her abounding charity, was frequently victimized, even by the rich, although, in such event, she usually scored signally in the end.
She suffered always from an infirmity of the eyes, said to have originated in a blow dealt by her step-brother when she was a child. She showed a distaste for consulting a physician in order to procure relief, but was persuaded to do so by Bishop Mel. It is curious to note that Brigid's mother appears to have suffered also from some affection of the eyes.
She was sought out by all the foremost figures in the ecclesiastical world of her day. Those meagre first 'Lives of her are interspersed with great names. Two have already been mentioned: Maccaille and Mel. She travelled Munster with Bishop Erc, that 'sweet-voiced Brehon, who was the first to acclaim Patrick at the court of King Laoghaire, and who was Brendan's preceptor, teaching him even as he himself had been taught by Patrick; Erc, of whom it is written, 'everything that he did was just. The famous Gildas the Wise sent Brigid a bell from his retreat in Brittany. Brendan, the Navigator, came to her when he returned from his first voyage, to lay his renown at her feet. Ailbe of Emily consulted her on his Rule.
One of the most beautiful legends about Brigid represents her hurrying in out of the fields from a shower of rain, her garments soaked. It must have been an April day, for when she reached her cell the sun was shining again, and a sunbeam, strong and golden, shone through her door. Brigid took off her wet cloak and hung it on the sunbeam to dry! It is thus I should like to see her represented by an artist. The legend is a convenient symbol. Brigid did something even more marvellous than causing the sun to stand still over the Valley of Jehosaphat. Before its radiance could be dimmed, she arrested the first sunburst of Christianity, causing its beams to shine strongly and forever. All the light of Ireland's conversion is bound up in her name
She died about the year 523 in the convent settlement of her predilection, Kildare. She was then in the seventies. She received the Last Sacraments from Saint Ninnidh, who, on that account, has gone down into history as Ninnidhof-the-Clean-Hand. The legend goes that Saint Brigid had prophesied to him he would assist her at the hour of her death, and he ever afterwards wore a gauntlet on his right hand in order that nothing should defile it before he had administered the last rites to her. It may be an extreme way of stating how the prophecy impressed Ninnidh, and of how carefully he bore himself in order to be not too unworthy of the honour. Tradition has it that the remains of Saint Brigid were finally interred in the same grave with those other two who are the pride of the Irish race-Patrick and Columcille. The doubt, therefore, that attaches to the grave of Patrick surrounds, too, the burial-place of Brigid.
The fame and popularity accruing to her in life became phenomenal at her death. The first Christian missionaries who left the shores of Ireland carried her name with them like a banner of conquest. In the Book of Lismore there is a hymn to her, but the authorship is dubious. Some notion of what Saint Brigid meant to her contemporaries and immediate followers can be gained from the speculations about the authorship of this hymn. The scribe makes five guesses: he says perhaps it was Saint Columcille wrote it, when he was caught in a storm at sea, and prayed to Brigid for a calm; perhaps it was Brocan Cloen; perhaps it was three of her disciples who went to Rome, and prayed to her when they found themselves in great danger there; perhaps it was Saint Brendan, who heard her name honoured by the very-monsters of the deep; or perhaps it was Ultan. The strength of her cult is testified by the ubiquity of her name in Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, Devon, France, and particularly Brittany. Her remarkable influence still speaks plainly in those dedications of churches too numerous to be counted.
There is a beautiful panegyric of Saint Brigid at the end of her 'Life in the Book of Lismore. In the translation by Whitley Stokes its beauty has been preserved. Here is an abridgement of the passage:
'Everything that Brigid would ask of the Lord was granted to her at once. For this was her desire: to satisfy the poor, to expel every hardship, to spare every miserable man. None was ever more retiring, more modest, more gentle, more humble, more wise, or more harmonious than she. She was abstinent, innocent, prayerful, patient; she was glad in God's commandments; she was firm, humble, forgiving, loving; she was a consecrated casket for keeping Christ's Body and His Blood; she was a temple of God. Her heart and her mind were a throne of rest for the Holy Ghost. She was simple before God; she was compassionate towards the wretched; she was splendid in miracles and marvels; wherefore her name among created things is Dove among birds, Vine among trees, Sun among stars.
'She helps everyone who is in strait and danger; she banishes pestilence; she quells the anger and the storm of the sea. She is the prophetess of Christ, she is the Queen of the South; she is the Mary of the Gael.
It is not known how early in our history that tribute to her was written. The book of Lismore was copied in the latter half of the fifteenth century from a collection of ancient manuscripts now lost.
The Brigidine Order
During her own lifetime St. Brigid, foundress of monasticism in Ireland, saw convents spread throughout the country, convents which continued to flourish down the centuries-even after the so-called Reformation. It took the clean-sweep of the Penal Days to deprive Ireland of practically all her religious institutes and Ireland, as we know, was an unhappy land without them.
Even before the Emancipation (1829), however, God inspired some holy men with the idea of restoring, or trying to restore, the Religious Orders. Among these was the Right Rev. Daniel Delaney, Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin, whose residence, then, was in the town of Tullow, County Carlow. Here he established the Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament-composed of the most exemplary of his people, whom he enrolled as teachers of Catechism and Christian Doctrine. From this Confraternity grew two religious institutes, which have rendered priceless service to the cause of Catholic education: the Sisters of St. Brigid and the Brothers of St. Patrick. The Bishop constituted himself the spiritual director of these religious, for whom he was already preparing a set of Rules when the Rebellion of 1798 put an end, for the time being, to his plans. No sooner was peace restored, however, than the good work began again.
On the Feast of St. Brigid, 1807, the first Brigidine Convent was established at Tullow. The name of a pious lady, Miss Judith Browne, who was educated at the Benedictine Convent, Ypres, is bound up inseparably with the history of the earliest beginnings of the Brigidine Order. She came to Tullow to place herself under the spiritual direction of Dr. Delaney, and her coming was most opportune, for, with her experience and thorough knowledge of religious life and discipline, she was able to render invaluable assistance to the young community. The remainder of her days was spent in the peaceful retreat she had chosen, though she never became a member of the Community.
The Brigidine Nuns are, in point of fact, a very ancient Order reborn, and their spirit is the spirit of their holy foundress, St. Brigid. Though their work in a modern world has necessarily altered, they still devote themselves, first to their own sanctification and, next, to the education of Catholic youth. The acorn sown by Dr. Delaney has grown into a mammoth oak, whose branches have spread over two hemispheres.
From Mountrath, Ireland, the first members of the Order came to Australia and had their first foundation at Coonamble, N.S.W.
At the request of Dr. Crane, Bishop of Sandhurst, the first foundation was made from Tullow to Echuca in 1886. In the same year a foundation was made to Beechworth from Abbeyleix. In the following year Goresbridge sent a little band of missionary Sisters to open a foundation at Wangaratta. And two years after the Beechworth foundation a second band of missionary Sisters left Abbeyleix for Ararat at the request of the Right Rev. J. Moore, Bishop of Ballarat.
In 1889 all the Brigidine convents were amalgamated under a Mother-General, whose residence is at Tullow. Each Province has a Novitiate House under a Mother-Provincial. At the present time there are Brigidine convents- affiliations of the first foundations in the State of Victoria-at Rochester, Kyabram, Maryborough, Horsham, Mentone, Albert Park, Hawthorn, Springvale, Ardeer, Geelong and Traralgon. The head house in the Victorian Province, established in Malvern in 1917, is also the Novitiate House.
CARDINAL MORAN'S PRAYER TO ST. BRIGID
O Glorious St. Brigid, Mother of the Churches of Erin, Patroness of our missionary race, wherever their lot may be cast, be thou our guide in the paths of virtue, protect us amid temptation, shield us from danger. Preserve to us the heritage of chastity and temperance; keep ever brightly burning on the altar of our hearts the sacred fire of Faith, Charity and Hope, that thus we may emulate the ancient piety of Ireland's children, and the Church of Erin may shine with peerless glory as of old. Thou wert styled by our fathers 'The Mary of Erin; secure for us by thy prayers the allpowerful protection of the Blessed Virgin, that we may be numbered here among her most fervent clients, and may hereafter merit a place, together with thee and the countless Saints of Ireland, in the ranks of her triumphant children in Paradise. Amen.
PRAYER TO ST. BRIGID
Dear Saint Brigid, brilliant star of sanctity in the early days of our Irish faith and love for the omnipotent God who has never forsaken us, we look up to you now in earnest, hopeful prayer. By your glorious sacrifice of earthly riches, joys, and affections, obtain for us grace to 'seek first the Kingdom of God and His justice with constant trust in His fatherly care. By your life of laborious charity to the poor, the sick, the many seekers for light and comfort, obtain for us grace to be God's helpers to the utmost of our power during our stay on earth, looking forward, as you did, to our life with Him during eternity.
By the sanctified peace of your death-bed, obtain for us that we may receive the fullness of pardon and peace when the hour comes that will summon us to the judgement seat of our just and most merciful Lord. Amen.
Nihil obstat :
BERNARD O'CONNOR, Diocesan Censor.
Imprimatur :
@ DANIEL MANNIX,
Archiepiscopus Melbournensis. 18th October, 1960


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Multichannel service relevance in Australia 2022
Alexander Kunst,
The displayed data on multichannel service relevance shows results of the Statista Global Consumer Survey conducted in Australia in 2022. Some 53 percent of respondents answered the question "Which of these services in the field of shopping would you like to use?" with "Checking online if the product is available in the store".
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Windows can disable pirated Microsoft games
By Phil Savage 17 August 2015
According to the recently updated Microsoft Services Agreement—covering Xbox Live, and Xbox and Windows Games published by Microsoft—Microsoft can now disable pirated games from your computer. The clause can be found under section 7b, "Updates to the Services or Software, and Changes to These Terms." It reads:
"We may automatically check your version of the software and download software updates or configuration changes, including those that prevent you from accessing the Services, playing counterfeit games, or using unauthorized hardware peripheral devices. You may also be required to update the software to continue using the Services."
The clause was spotted by Alphr, and would suggest that Microsoft will disable pirated first-party games. The EULA also mentions "unauthorized hardware peripheral devices," which is a much more fuzzy description. Is it controllers that have been specifically hacked to enable an unfair advantage, or something much broader?
It's worth clarifying that this isn't a full hunt for all desktop software. Microsoft's Services Agreement doesn't cover Steam itself, or any other third-party desktop apps you have on your computer. It does, however, include all Xbox and Windows Games published by Microsoft.
Microsoft wants us to think they're newly recommitted to PC gaming—recently announcing Gears of War: Ultimate Edition and Halo Wars 2 as titles coming to Windows 10. I wouldn't be surprised to see—at the very least—all of their future games making use of this OS-level piracy scan.
Ta, Wired.
Correction: Added a paragraph clarifying that this update doesn't apply to non-Microsoft services. The headline has been updated to reflect this fact.
Phil Savage
Phil leads PC Gamer's UK team. He was previously the editor of the magazine, and thinks you should definitely subscribe to it. He enjoys RPGs and immersive sims, and can often be found reviewing Hitman games. He's largely responsible for the Tub Geralt thing, but still isn't sorry.


Prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for pediatric necrotizing pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumonia and influenza H1N1 co-infection: how long should we wait for native lung recovery?
tetano started a topic Prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for pediatric necrotizing pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumonia and influenza H1N1 co-infection: how long should we wait for native lung recovery?
Cortina G1,2, Niederwanger C3, Klingkowski U3, Velik-Salchner C4, Neu N3.
Most children with severe respiratory failure require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for 7-10 days. However, some may need prolonged duration ECMO (> 14 days). To date, no consensus exists on how long to wait for native lung recovery. Here we report the case of a 3-year-old boy who developed severe necrotizing pneumonia requiring venovenous (VV) ECMO after 19 days of mechanical ventilation. In the first 4 weeks of his ECMO run, he showed no lung aeration, requiring total extracorporeal support. However, after we started strategies for promoting lung recovery such as daily prone positioning and regular use of toilet bronchoscopy and inhalative DNAse to clear secretions, by week five his tidal volumes gradually increased and he was successfully decannulated after 43 days. Moreover, we decided not to proceed to a surgical removal of the necrotic lung area. At present, he is 1-year post discharge and has fully recovered. This report shows that unexpected native lung recovery is possible even after prolonged loss of lung function and that a previous healthy lung can recover from apparent irreversible lung injury.


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UK bookings to Maldives increase by nearly 500 percent
October 31, 2020 , 16:22
Tourists arriving at Velana International Airport | Photo: Sun
Male', Maldives – Bookings to the Maldives from the UK have increased by nearly 500 percent since the island destination was added to the travel corridor list by the British government, says the travel agencies of UK.
Advantage Travel Partnership told media that this has provided "a glimmer of hope to travel agents up and down the country and consumers in search of some winter sun."
"There is definitely pent-up demand from travellers and we are seeing a very late booking market because of the unpredictability of destinations being added and removed from the UK government's quarantine list," Advantage Travel Partnership's Leisure Director Kelly Cookes said, as per Travel Trade Maldives. "We hope that this positive step forward for the industry continues throughout the winter season with the addition of more countries deemed safe for travel."
According to icelolly.com a 61% week-on-week rise in searches for the Maldives has been documented as well since Maldives landed on the UK's travel corridor on 25th October, 2020. The statistics by the Ministry of Tourism of Maldives also indicate that the UK has been among the top markets from which tourists come into the country as well.
As the numbers increase, Maldives has been increasing the capacity to cater to visitors by opening up local guesthouses within the atolls as well. As per the current regulations, only pre-approved facilities are allowed to cater to tourists, as the Covid-19 precautions are still being enforced.
As for travelers, those who arrive into the country are required to register with the Maldives Immigration via the IMUGA portal, as well as present a PCR negative certificate, which was taken at most, 96 hours prior to traveling.
Covid-19: UK travel restrictions lifted for four more countries
Maldives added to UK's travel red list countries!
UK lifts Covid-19 travel restrictions for Maldives
British Airways to operate direct flights to Maldives


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All eyes on Spotify: The music streaming giant is called to continue removing artists accused of sexual misconduct
Following last week's removal of R. Kelly and XXXTentacion from Spotify's "editorial or algorithmic playlists," as part of the platform's new Hate Content & Hateful Conduct policy, many voices have sprouted up in response to the controversial move.
To some, the move seems altruistic and honorable. In an age of conscious consumerism, media companies have not only the right, but a duty to uphold the values and beliefs that align with the people who make up the organization. This is the side that Spotify falls into alignment with, as Spotify's VP/Head of Content, Jonathan Princetold, told Billboard in a statement:
"I think that, frankly, all of us have become increasingly aware of the responsibility that we have when we make recommendations about content, and particularly when we're doing that in a way that may send signals to our audience about what we believe and what we value."
On the other hand, proponents of the editorial decision find it contentious and problematic to single out specific artists while leaving others unscathed. In the case of R. Kelly, whose "After Party" tour was cancelled in late 2017 amid allegations that the artist was running a sex cult, a representative from Kelly's camp told BuzzFeed News that he "supports the pro-women goals of the Time's Up movement." The rep alluded to the singling out of Kelly as unfair, considering the artist has never been charged with any of these crimes, adding,
"Spotify has the right to promote whatever music it chooses, and in this case its actions are without merit," the statement reads. "It is acting based on false and unproven allegations. It is bowing to social-media fads and picking sides in a fame-seeking dispute over matters that have nothing to do with serving customers. Meanwhile, though, Spotify promotes numerous other artists who are convicted felons, others who have been arrested on charges of domestic violence and artists who sing lyrics that are violent and anti-women in nature. Mr. Kelly falls into none of these categories, and it is unfortunate and shortsighted that Spotify fails to recognize this."
Now, a US-based women's advocacy group, UltraViolet, has come forth to urge the music streaming giant to do the same with other artists accused of sexual assault and/or gender-based violence. In an open letter, UltraViolet executive director Shaunna Thomas pinpoints artists with a history of sexual abuse, including Chris Brown, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Nelly, Eminem, Don Henley of The Eagles, Steven Tyler of Aerosmith, Tekashi 6ix9ine, and Ted Nugent, citing them as artists "who continue to profit from [Spotify's] promotion."
"Every time a famous individual continues to be glorified despite allegations of abuse, we wrongly perpetuate silence by showing survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence that there will be no consequences for abuse," writes Thomas. "That has a cultural effect far beyond one individual artist."
Spotify's next moves are unknown. But, as many new voices continue sprouting new (and hopefully fruitful) conversations, it's clear that the issue is a tiny microcosm of the identity-based movement in American culture and politics. At the very least, Spotify's editorial choice has sparked some much-needed debate surrounding issues of sexual misconduct in the music industry, as well as the ongoing related issue of unequal gender representation.
H/T: Consequence of Sound
Photo: Thomas Trutschel/Photothek via Getty Images
Tags: AEROSMITH, CHRIS BROWN, EMINEM, Me Too, NELLY, R. KELLY, RED HOT CHILI PEPPERS, SEXUAL ABUSE, sexual assault, Spotify, TED NUGENT, TEKASHI 6IX9INE, THE EAGLES, ULTRAVIOLET, XXXTENTACION


Why Use Impasto Medium: Paint In Heavy Impasto Techniques Without Wasting Valuable Pigment! Layers Will Dry Without Shrinking, Cracking Or Wrinkling! In this article we are focusing on LUKAS Impasto Oil Painting Medium used to mix with oil paints for impasto techniques. Lukas Painting Butter is very heavy bodied and therefore gives extremely thick oil colors, accelerates drying, and reduces wrinkling.
What paint do you use for impasto? Paint In Heavy Impasto Techniques Without Wasting Valuable Pigment! Layers Will Dry Without Shrinking, Cracking Or Wrinkling!
Oil paint thickening medium formulated with special drying agents and thickeners, this impasto medium helps keep the thick constitution of heavy paint application with no leveling, ensuring that your paint structure remains.


RALEIGH, N.C. - Boston Marathon winner Meb Keflezighi will present the City of Raleigh with an award Monday to honor the city's Rock 'n' Roll Marathon as the nation's best new sporting event in 2014.
SportsTravel Magazine chose Raleigh's marathon as the winner in November. The award is considered one of the industry's most prestigious and honors excellence in sporting event production and management at the amateur, collegiate and professional levels.
City Council Member Bonner Gaylord will accept the award at 1:30 p.m. on City Plaza near Jimmy V's Osteria, at 420 Fayetteville St.
Keflezighi will be in Raleigh to tour the new marathon course. He is the only runner in history to win the Boston Marathon, New York Marathon and an Olympic Marathon medal.
The Rock 'n' Roll Raleigh Marathon is sponsored by WRAL and benefits the V Foundation. It attracted 12,500 runners from around the world last year and generated $8 million in economic impact for the city.
This year's marathon and half marathon will be held April 12 on a revised route that adds segments through North Carolina State University's Centennial Campus and Meredith College's campus as well as around Lake Johnson.
The post-race concert will feature pop-rock band Smash Mouth, which will play the Finish Line Festival at Red Hat Amphitheater. The concert is open to the public.
Smash Mouth is known for its hits including "All-Star," "Walkin' on the Sun," "Then the Morning Comes" and a remake of "I'm a Believer." The band is also expected to perform songs from its latest album, Magic.
The race is seeking live, local bands of all genres to perform throughout the race course. Cheer and dance teams are also invited to compete in the "Spirit on the Course" competition for a chance to win up to $750.


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Prince Harry & Meghan Markle
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Prince Harry and Meghan Markle feature almost daily in the media and clearly, someone is reading all of those articles. Mind you, it's not clear how many…
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Bam Margera MIA After Fleeing Rehab Center, Family Concerned…
Camilla Parker-Bowles, The Duchess Of Cornwall Gets Special…


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Eurovision 2019: Lithuania
Hello welcome to my series of quick takes designed to get you ready for Eurovision 2019. Just some quick thoughts / my take on each of the 41 songs this year. The countries are in alphabetical order so without further ado: Lithuania.
Country: Lithuania
Singer: Jurij Veklenko
Song: Run with the Lions
I'm going to be the first in line to tell you that this is cookie cutter song. This is a mix and match of songs that are on the radio from the past five years and in a way that doesn't really work. It doesn't end up with a "personality" because there's not anything to latch onto. It has a lot of repetitive lyrics, it's got the weird cha-cha-cha shaking sounds, it's got falsetto, it's got overlapping female vocals, it's got a pre-chorus that gets quiet before the chorus does…the same thing but now with slightly more backbeat. Oof. This is just a generic song and Jurji is far better than this song deserves.
I wouldn't say that Jurji is really do anything to help the song specifically as he doesn't really connect with me either but his vocal performance is one of the better ones and he basically crushes this song vocally in a way that some of the other performances doing these very cookie cutter songs seem to fail at. It's pretty easy to fall into the Eurovision trap of having a radio-play song that isn't sung well and sometimes those get high marks but Lithuania has an uphill battle with this song. I doubt it'll make it out of the semi alive without amazing staging and a retooling of the song (neither of which is going to be coming any time soon). Kind of a waste of a good performer honestly.
← Eurovision 2019: Latvia	Eurovision 2019: Malta →


Red Cross swim lessons will once again be conducted at Big Blue Bay this summer. Registration for lessons will be offered at the Knight Museum on April 27th. Swim lesson sign up will be held from 8:00 am to 12:00 pm. $30.00 payment payable to the City of Alliance is required at the time of registration. To expedite the process, the registration form (PDF) is available online otherwise, forms will be available at the Knight Museum.
If you have questions or need additional information, please call the Knight Museum & Sandhills Center at 762-2384.


The Amphion Amp 100 is a 100w power amp designed to be the ideal companion for the One12, One15 and One18 studio monitors. Amp100's top shelf electronics and precision manufacturing unlock the best performance from these products, revealing all the clarity, depth and consistent performance expected out of an amplifier with the Amphion name on it.
The Amphion Amp 100 is a stereo 100w power amp designed to be the ideal companion for the One12, One15 and One18 studio monitors. Amp100's top shelf electronics and precision manufacturing unlock the best performance from these products, revealing all the clarity, depth and consistent performance expected out of an amplifier with the Amphion name on it.


text:
Q: FFMpeg live stream with C++ #include <stdio.h>
extern "C" {
#include "libavformat\avformat.h"
#include "libavdevice\avdevice.h"
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  av_register_all();
  avcodec_register_all();
  avdevice_register_all();
  avformat_network_init();
  AvFormatContex *pFormatContex;
  pFormatContext = format_alloc_context();
  AvInputFormat * a = av_find_input_format("dshow");
  av_format_open_input(&pFormatCtx, "video""HP Webcam [2 MP Fixed]""",a,NULL);
}

This code is the access web cam.
I want to live stream on web cam in C++. I can't get web cam video on web cam.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Mario + Rabbids Kingdom Battle er et strategispil udviklet og udgivet af Ubisoft til Nintendo Switch. Spillet er en crossover af spilserierne Super Mario fra Nintendo og Raving Rabbids fra Ubisoft, og har spiltilstande for både en og flere spillere. Spilleren styrer Mario, hans venner og en gruppe af Rabbids, der har klædt sig ud som dem. Disse beskæftiger sig med følgerne af en pludselig invasion af en gruppe Rabbids, der ved et uheld har misbrugt en kraftfuld opfindelse og bragt kaos til Mushroom Kingdom.

Mario + Rabbids Kingdom Battle blev udviklet af Ubisofts afdelinger i Paris og Milano, mens musikken i spillet blev komponeret af Grant Kirkhope. Det blev udgivet i Europa og Nordamerika den 29. august 2017 af Ubisoft, mens Nintendo udgav spillet i østasiatiske lande den 18. januar 2018. Spillet blev mødt med generelt gunstig modtagelse fra kritikere, som roste spilmekanikerne, dybden og grafikken i spillet.

Referencer

Ekstern henvisning
 Officiel hjemmeside

Computerspil fra 2017
Nintendo Switch-spil
Strategispil


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91-я стрелковая дивизия 1-го формирования (91 сд) — воинское соединение Вооружённых Сил СССР, принимавшее участие в Советско-финской и Великой Отечественной войнах.

Период вхождения в состав Действующей армии: 15 июля — 27 декабря 1941 года.

История
Сформирована в августе 1939 года в Сибирском военном округе. 5 января 1940 года преобразована в 91-ю мотострелковую дивизию. Принимала участие в Советско-финской войне в конце февраля — марте 1940 года. В апреле 1940 года вновь переформирована в 91-ю стрелковую дивизию. Возвращена в Сибирский военный округ. Дислоцировалась в городе Ачинск Красноярского края.

Дивизия приняла участие в Советско-финляндской войне 1939-1940 гг. 5 января 1940 года дивизия была переформирована в мотострелковую и убыла на Северо-Западный фронт. К 20 февраля прибыла в Лугу, затем пересекла Финский залив и 29 февраля атаковала Макслахти. С 1 марта она находилась во фронтовом резерве, а с 9 марта в составе 34-го стрелкового корпуса наступала на Таммисуо. После окончания боевых действий дивизия вновь была преобразована в стрелковую и возвратилась в СибВО в г. Ачинск.

С началом  Великой Отечественной войны дивизия включена в формировавшуюся в СибВО 24-ю армию, в её составе убыла на фронт. В период с 30 июня по 12 июля 1941 года совершала марш по железной дороге на Западный фронт.

22 июля 1941 года главнокомандующий войсками Западного направления Тимошенко подписал приказ № 0080 об организации группы Калинина в составе 166, 91 и 89 сд.

В августе-сентябре 1941 года дивизия принимала участие в Духовщинской операции, в составе 19-й армии.

В октябре 1941 года была фактически уничтожена в окружении под Вязьмой.

Официально была расформирована 27 декабря 1941 года.

Состав
 503-й стрелковый полк
 561-й стрелковый полк
 613-й стрелковый полк
 321-й лёгкий артиллерийский полк
 740-й гаубичный артиллерийский полк
 172-й отдельный истребительно-противотанковый дивизион
 169-й отдельный зенитный артиллерийский дивизион
 124-й отдельный разведывательный батальон
 160-й отдельный сапёрный батальон (весной 1941 года убыл на западную границу)
 142-й отдельный батальон связи
 142-й медико-санитарный батальон
 132-я отдельная рота химзащиты
 145-й автотранспортный батальон
 111-й полевой автохлебозавод
 489-я полевая почтовая станция
 359-я полевая касса Госбанка

Подчинение

Командиры
 19.8.1939 — 23.9.1941 — Лебеденко, Никита Федотович (1899—1956), комбриг (с 4.6.1940 — генерал-майор).
 24.9.1941 — 13.10.1941 — Волков, Иван Алексеевич (р. 1896), полковник — попал в плен 13.10.1941.

Герои Советского Союза
 Аляев, Иван Павлович, красноармеец, стрелок 561-го мотострелкового полка.

Известные люди, связанные с дивизией

Рядовые красноармейцы входившие в состав 91-й стрелковой дивизии
Заварзин Петр Андреевич - Красноармеец 613 СП с 1 июля - 10 октября 1941 года

Примечания

Ссылки
91-я стрелковая дивизия 1-го формирования

https://pamyat-naroda.ru/heroes/memorial-chelovek_donesenie57945412/?static_hash=922593307c789ff279f70b681d555710v4

Стрелковые дивизии СССР во время Великой Отечественной войны
Воинские части и формирования, созданные в 1939 году
Воинские части и формирования, расформированные в 1941 году


To be built - call listing agent for floor plans - Great lot on Paint Creek, 2.55 acres - you can choose what you want to build. Price can be Nego. Lets take a look at what we have to offer - Paved roads & gated, must see. Build your dream home - Rochester Schools - Oakland taxes. All info estimated. Licensed agent and/or cooperating broker must be present for all showings.


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Outgoing Chinese Ambassador bids farewell to Seychelles
Victoria, Seychelles | January 10, 2023, Tuesday @ 17:21 in National » DIPLOMACY | By: Sedrick Nicette | Views: 3447
The outgoing Chinese ambassador said that the discussions were very frank with President Ramkalawan. (Seychelles Nation)
The outgoing Chinese Ambassador to Seychelles, Guo Wei, paid her final visit to the President of Seychelles, Wavel Ramkalawan, at State House on Tuesday afternoon, expressing her satisfaction for having played her part in strengthening the good relationship between the two nations.
"During the last four years, we have managed to do a lot together, despite the pandemic, towards which we collaborated with Seychelles to help the country face this issue, as well as many other projects that are progressing well," said Guo.
The Chinese Ambassador was accredited in 2018 and has overseen numerous projects in Seychelles, including the construction of Seychelles Broadcasting Corporation's (SBC) new headquarters.
She said that the construction encountered some delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic but is now going ahead as scheduled.
Meanwhile, although she will not be present, work has already been done for the Chinese government to provide Seychelles with the first fleet of fully electric buses. These will be used for public transport, as part of the country's plans to reduce its carbon footprint.
The outgoing ambassador said that the discussions were very frank with President Ramkalawan.
"We spoke about the peaceful transition of the government of Seychelles after the last elections, which shows political maturity and is a great example for the world, and especially Africa, to follow," said Guo.
"We also spoke of the good relationship between our two countries and how it can continue to flourish, especially because this is not just a relationship between two governments, but also between two peoples," she added.
Before meeting with the President, the Ambassador also had her final meeting with the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Sylvestre Radegonde, on Monday.
According to the foreign affairs department, she gave assurances that her successor will continue to collaborate on projects of mutual interest to both countries and find ways to improve exchanges and collaboration in areas such as Blue Economy, maritime security and tourism.
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Seychelles' tourism rebounded in 2022 with nearly 335,000 visitors
Business » Tourism |
Seychelles is on track with paying off its external debts, says government


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Apple Revises Plans for Contentious Federation Square Store in Australia
Apple today submitted revised blueprints for its planned Federation Square retail store location in Melbourne, Australia, according to the Federation Square website.
Apple first announced the new flagship store in December, set to be built at Federation Square, a shopping center, public square, and mixed-used space in the heart of Melbourne.
The new Federation Square design
The construction of the new store calls for the demolition of the well-known Yarra building, which has infuriated Melbourne residents and led to major protests suggesting the public space should not be given over to a corporation.
Melbourne's City Council in February backed a motion to lobby for a new store design due to both the backlash and the dissatisfaction with Apple's planned store design, which has been described as a "Pizza Hut pagoda."
Another angle of the new store design
The new design plan, created following a series of design workshops that included Federation Square Management, the Victorian Government, the Melbourne City Council, and Apple, features a building with a simpler, more streamlined look that better fits in with the Federation Square aesthetic.
The original Federation Square design proposed by Apple
The pagoda-style roof has been abandoned in favor of a flatter design that will house solar panels. The design offers 500 square meters of new public space, more outdoor shading, a better connection to the Yarra river, and plans for cultural events.
Apple's revamped design is part of a "broader reimagining" of Federation Square, which includes the new Digital Facade on the Transport Building and the new Melbourne Metro Train Station entrance.
According to Federation Square CEO Jonathan Tribe, the new store design is "consistent with Federations Square's Civic and Cultural Charter, which recognises Melbourne's pre-eminence as a centre for creativity and innovation." The Federation Square leadership expects the Apple Store to boost visitor numbers, bringing an additional two million people to Federation Square each year.
Current plans continue to call for the destruction of the Yarra building, so it's not clear if Melbourne residents will be satisfied with Apple's planned changes. At the very least, the new design is less intrusive, which could win acceptance from protestors.
Related Roundup: Apple Stores
Discuss this article in our forums
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text:
Robert I. Feinberg
Ludwig Alban
Marsha Alban
Colleen Santora
Alexis A. Cahill
Boston Auto Accidents
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Boston Personal Injury
Massachusetts Broken Bones and Fractures
Massachusetts Dog Bites
Massachusetts Head & Brain Injuries
Massachusetts Nursing Home & Other Medical Malpractice
Massachusetts Premises Liability & Negligent Security
Massachusetts Product Liability
Massachusetts Soft-Tissue Injuries
Massachusetts Spinal Cord & Back Injuries
Massachusetts Wrongful Death
Settlements & Verdicts
Boston Office: 2 Center Plz #620 Boston, MA 02108
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Home / Settlements & Verdicts / Settlement of $610,000 for Florida Accident
Settlement of $610,000 for Florida Accident
The interplay of three auto insurance policies for a full recovery
Attorney Robert Feinberg, licensed to practice in Florida for more than 30 years, was able to resolve a pedestrian/motor vehicle accident for the full amount of available insurance, $610,000. The plaintiff, an elderly man, was struck in Lakeland, Florida as he was crossing the street. There were no witnesses, although the driver did stop and made herself known to the police.
Plaintiff's counsel faced two obstacles: very little evidence as to how the accident happened and the need to stack three automobile policies, one from the Florida vehicle involved in the accident, one from the driver's own vehicle in Michigan and a third form the pedestrian's own underinsurance policy on a vehicle that he owned. As to the issue of how the accident happened, plaintiff's counsel sought to portray the injured client's pre-accident status as one with good cognitive skill, no history of falls, not needing a handicapped license plate, and pointing out that the client was known for being an avid walker. This was used to dispute any attempt by the insurance companies to blame the accident on an alleged fall by the elderly client.
All insurance policies were obtained in full. This required a careful review of the terms of two Florida policies (a bodily injury policy and an underinsurance policy) and a Michigan bodily injury policy. Each state has its own laws on whether coverages may be stacked or layered on top of each other. As a matter of interest to Massachusetts drivers, the layering of two bodily injury coverages is permitted in certain circumstances but there wouldn't have been underinsurance coverage for this accident if it were on a Massachusetts policy.
Feinberg & Alban, P.C. fervently protects your rights
The Boston firm of Feinberg & Alban, P.C. specializes its practice in the area of personal injury.
The attorneys serve the entire state of Massachusetts in addition to affiliating with lawyers in other states to handle cases outside of Massachusetts.
$7.7 Million Award for Feinberg & Alban Client in Personal Injury Trial
Boston Attorneys Win Highest Injury Verdict in Massachusetts in 2011 & 2012.
They went the extra mile. Stood behind me. Had a difficult claim with a motor vehicle accident. I'm very satisfied with the outcome. Richard
richard turk
We have had the pleasure of working with Colleen Santora on couple legal issues. We have always had a good communication during our very long process. We feel good responsive, open,& honest communication during a injury case should be the strongest ...
Edward Hyde
Very professional firm, always pay attention to detail. Knowledgeable and successful. Written on behalf of Mikhail Zaytsev.
Yelena Wise
I was a victim of a serious crash and sustained some major injuries. I was referred to Feinberg & Alban by a personal friend while I was in rehab. I contacted on a weekend and was put in touch with Robert. After speaking over the phone with Robert an...
Craig Donovan
Feinberg & Alban PC Law office locations:
Serving All of Massachusetts - We'll Come to You
2 Center Plaza #620 | Boston, Massachusetts 02108
Boston Personal Injury Attorneys - Feinberg & Alban PC is located in Boston, MA and serves clients in and around Brighton, Allston, Somerville, Cambridge, Charlestown, Jamaica Plain, Brookline, Mattapan, Chelsea, Boston, Revere, Newtonville, Newton Center, Everett, Roslindale, Newton Highlands, Arlington, Newton Lower Falls, Chestnut Hill, Malden, Newton, West Newton, West Roxbury, Newton Upper Falls and Suffolk County.
2 Center Plaza #620


Sally Ride was the first American female astronaut to travel to space. As a role model to generations of young women, she advocated passionately for science education, stood up for racial and gender equality in the classroom, and taught students from every background that there are no limits to what they can accomplish. Dr. Ride also served in several administrations as an advisor on space exploration.