text:
Guidelines for Trail Use
Osprey Festival
Permanent Installations
Annual Members Photography Exhibit
Habitat and Cultural Use Plan
Coast Salish Plant Nursery
Dedicated Giving
Wingspan Magazine
About WBT
Jobs at Maplewood Flats
Work with us at the Conservation Area at Maplewood Flats
Come work and be a part of a forward-thinking conservation organisation committed to reconciliation and habitat restoration in Vancouver's Burrard Inlet. With a renewed mandate, new partnerships, a Nature House, and a growing and diversifying membership, our mission is to provide wild birds with sanctuary through ecological protection and restoration, and support communities with education, culture, and reconciliation programs.
Be a leader in the emerging field of conservation and reconciliation
The Maplewood area has been occupied by Tsleil-Waututh and Coast Salish People since time immemorial. Prior to settler contact and industrialization, the region featured contiguous mudflats across Burrard Inlet. Since 1993, on these lands and flats, the WBT has been managing the North Shore's only Conservation Area and wild bird sanctuary with 5km of trails, nursery, and nature house.
The Indigenous knowledge of wild birds and Coast Salish culture in this public space signals a collaborative path forward where the local ways of knowing are honoured and shared in culturally appropriate ways. In this way, Maplewood Flats' programs connect Coast Salish culture with the greater Vancouver public and promotes reconciliation and redress.
There are currently no job openings.
$40,000 part-time starting salary
Deadline to apply January 21, 2022
Join our dynamic and progressive non-profit conservation organization in a financial management role to protect bird habitat and advance reconciliation and redress with Indigenous Peoples. This is a manager position, with a mix of in-person and remote work every week, and so applications from outside the region will not be considered.
The Finance Manager is a key member of the Wild Bird Trust of BC (WBT) staff team, helping to drive decisions on operations, social enterprise business growth, revenue generation, and financial processes for statutory and funding requirements. The Finance Manager will play a key role in day-to-day financial systems, help sustain growing programs and staff team, and produce timely financial reports and planning documents to support the organisation. The organisation has experienced a 50+% growth rate each of the past five years, and is seeking to stabilize at $650K revenues in 2023.
The area has been occupied by Tsleil-Waututh and Coast Salish People since time immemorial. Since 1993, on these lands and mudflats, the WBT has been managing the only wildlife sanctuary in Vancouver's harbour, with 5km of trails, nursery, and nature house. The WBT is committed to reconciliation and redress and placing Indigenous Knowledge at the centre of its operating principles and governance through cooperation with the Tsleil-Waututh Nation.
The Finance Manager is a new position born from a Board of Directors process to restructure the staff team. A manager position, working collaboratively with the Planning Director, Operations Manager, and Restoration and Site Manager, as well as the Finance Committee in conducting their work.
Key Duties
• Process revenue and expense transactions, including payroll.
• Complete monthly bank reconciliations.
• Monitor the overall cashflow of the organization.
• Prepare monthly financial reports for the management team, the treasurer and the board.
• Review the monthly financial reports to highlight any issues or opportunities and provide recommendations.
• Provide financial documents to the Planning Director to inform key projects and fundraising campaigns.
• Provide a supporting role in the development of the annual organisation budget through a participatory democratic planning method with committees.
• Act as the key point of contact for the completion of the annual financial statements.
• Identify, recommend and implement financial policy, procedure and systems improvements.
Desired skills and experience
• Experience with financial/accounting processes and systems (i.e. Quickbooks) from data entry of transactions, to setting up a general ledger/accounts and running financial reports.
• Familiarity with generally accepted accounting principles and practices, internal controls and financial reporting.
• Familiarity with statutory requirements for payroll and for charitable organizations.
• Experience and/or ability to learn online systems.
• Strong spreadsheet and analytical skills.
• Excellent communication and people skills.
• Highly organized with attention to accuracy and detail.
• Experience working with a charitable non-profit and social enterprise, with familiarity with budgets for funding proposals.
While observing safety protocols, this position will conduct the majority of their work in-person/on site, with some remote telework options negotiable, as well as flex hours.
Renumeration
$40,000 annual salary based on 20hrs/wk
Note: WBT reserves the right to adapt duties and requirements prior to any offer of employment.
Please fill out the form below to apply. Deadline to apply is January 21, 2022, at 5pm PST.
Digital Production Coordinator
Part-time (20hrs/wk), 14 weeks, June 7 to September 5, 2021
Are you a digital media wizard with a keen interest in decolonization? The Digital Production Coordinator will manage all aspects of producing and archiving with Zoom with simulcast to Facebook, Youtube and Instagram, including WordPress website integration. With approximately 80 educational activities annually based at the Maplewood Flats Nature House, the Digital Production Coordinator will facilitate the delivery of a juried online roster of programs and events. Working closely with the senior staff team, programs staff and Programs Committee to plan and schedule programs and presentations, the Digital Production Coordinator will deliver a robust online experience to the general public.
View full job description (google doc)
Records and Archive Intern
The Wild Bird Trust of BC (WBT) is seeking a volunteer Records and Archives Intern who is responsible for reviewing, researching, evaluating, cataloging, and (where necessary) digitizing the paper archives of Wild Bird Trust of BC.
As an organization with a 28+year history, we have a substantial archive in need of an inquisitive and capable archivist who has successfully completed the Core Courses in the Master of Archival Studies program. If you have a particular interest in conservation, wild birds, habitat restoration, and/or local Indigenous sovereignty, reconciliation, and redress efforts, this will add to the experience (see related historical info, below).
The Archives Intern will assist with updating our draft Records Management policy and procedures, and develop and implement an archival strategy for WBT's current operational and historical records that is sustainable for the organization to maintain and accessible for staff, board, researchers, and the public.
View full job description (blog post)
Workplace Experience Opportunities (for 5 people with disabilities)
WORK EXPERIENCE OPPORTUNITIES at Maplewood Flats for people with disabilities.
12 weeks; part-time; $300 weekly top-up stipend to regular benefits plus we will provide skills development and supports.
WBT is pleased to offer FIVE 12 week positions through the Work Experience Opportunities grant. Participants will work 16 hours/week from April 19—June 11, 2021 or May 17—August 8, 2021. We will accept and review applications on a rolling basis until positions are filled.
We invite applications from people interested in getting involved in work experience at Maplewood Flats nature house (welcoming the public, exhibition interpretation) and social enterprise nursery (on-site retail plant sales, propagation, and wholesale operations). Participants will be selected to support these two distinct programs.
April 19 – June 11, 2021:
Nursery Sales Clerk: Conduct customer service, with some retail experience required, and be interested in public engagement. Completing and preparing plant orders, manually process sales using a sales tablet and may assist with tracking plant inventory.
Nursery Operations Assistant: Help with nursery plant stock and operations by organizing plants, signage, shade structures, watering, building planter boxes to sell as packaged items. Pending available time may work with other crew to assist with native plant propagation and habitat restoration.
May 17 to August 8, 2021:
Nature House Host: welcome public and provide intro to the Chief Dan George 'Homecoming' Exhibition, represent the Wild Bird Trust, distribute Wingspan Magazine, opening/closing building,
We will pay you $300/week ($3600 over 12 wks) top-up to your existing govt cheque, (so you keep your regular and this is a top-up stipend) plus we will provide skills development and support.
If you are interested and believe you are eligible, the first action is to email your basic resume and/or a basic letter of interest to ed@wildbirdtrust.org.
Habitat Restoration Assistant
The Habitat Restoration Assistant will provide support to the Restoration & Site Manager in the implementation of the Habitat & Cultural Use Plan for Maplewood Flats Conservation Area (MFCA). This position is suitable for individuals who are very flexible and enjoy working and learning from a wide variety of projects. Key tasks will include producing and reviewing technical documents, entering and analysing ecological and spatial data, planning and conducting field work, working collaboratively with volunteers to remove invasive species and replacing them with native plants, providing support to the Coast Salish Nursery. Secondarily, the Habitat Restoration Assistant will provide support to groundskeeping and maintenance operations around the Pacific Environmental Sciences Compound (PESC) Environment Canada, when required.
It is expected that the Habitat Restoration Assistant is comfortable working in the field and performing physical duties as well as competent with computer skills and ability to complete technical office work. This position provides an opportunity to learn from and collaborate with others in a progressive, non-profit, science-based working environment.
Conservation Communications Coordinator
Are you passionate about conservation and communications that make an impact? Are you enthusiastic about engaging with diverse audiences? Do you love to play with words and images? If so, consider applying for the role of Conservation Communications Coordinator at Wild Bird Trust of BC.
The Conservation Communications Coordinator will implement and monitor communication systems in support of the Wild Bird Trust of BC's communication strategy. The role involves several diverse communication skill-sets including publicity, writing, social media, materials production and distribution, and other media publishing and broadcast as required. This is an ideal role for a youth with personal experience in a fast-paced digital environment; have moderate organizational skills, with strong attention to detail.
This position provides an opportunity to learn from and collaborate with others in a small team environment. The Conservation Communications Coordinator will bring exceptional copywriting and editing skills; experience creating social media content and writing for different audiences; can juggle multiple projects and deadlines; is comfortable managing media requests; enjoys working independently; is results-oriented.
Coast Salish Programs Assistant
The Coast Salish Programs Assistant will assist with the design and delivery of Coast Salish education and cultural programs for Maplewood Flats. Working closely with our Programs Committee, and other Maplewood Flats summer staff, you will assist with the delivery of online and carefully managed special events and community engagement opportunities for events such as Chief Dan George: Homecoming exhibit, Osprey Festival and education workshops, talks and plant walks.
Eligibility: Funded through Aboriginal Community Career Employment Services Society (ACCESS), participants in these programs are those who:
Were registered as full-time students during the preceding academic year;
Intend to return to school on a full-time basis during the next academic year;
Are 30 years or under at the time of intake/selection;
Are not attending full-time classes while carrying out the job;
Are a Canadian citizen, permanent resident and are off-reserve Aboriginals (ie. status or non-status Indian, Inuit, or Metis); and
Are legally entitled to work according to BC provincial legislation and regulations.
Application process: Email resume (PDF or Word) and cover letter to jobs@wildbirdtrust.org with subject header: "Coast Salish Programs Assistant".
Plant Nursery Coordinator
Are you someone who enjoys supervising a team of people to gain new skills, coordinate day-to-day retail and wholesale operations of a business? Consider applying for this contract role to support the stable operations of a burgeoning Coast Salish Plant Nursery at the Conservation Area at Maplewood Flats.
Your role is to help manage the nursery operations by supporting five team members with work experience, and ensure effective plant inventory and excellent customer service.
The contract is for approxiately 24 weeks (April to September). Flexible work hours averaging 30 hours/week; must be 30 years old or under.
HOW TO APPLY: email jobs@wildbirdtrust.org with a cover letter and resume (PDF or Word) with subject header: "Nursery Coordinator". We welcome applications from Tsleil-Waututh, Squamish and Coast Salish People. At least 75% of hours to be worked on-site, upto 25% remote. Reviewing resumes until position filled.
Restoration and Site Manager
Join a dynamic and progressive organization, and take a leadership role in ecological conservation advancing reconciliation with First Nations people.
OVERVIEW: The Restoration and Site Manager performs a central role in managing the restoration of the Maplewood Flats Conservation Area and the operations and public engagement systems for this popular nature reserve in Vancouver's Burrard Inlet.
Balancing a mix of key priorities, the Manager is an outdoors enthusiast happy to spend a half day in the rain working side-by-side directing volunteers, while spending the other half-day in the Nature House office planning restoration projects and corresponding with partners. Equally comfortable using power equipment, planting in marsh lands, or typing reports on a laptop, the Manager inspires and motivates members and the public to be active participants in this work.
This unique position requires an individual who is progressive in their natural resource management approaches and enthusiastic to play a leadership role in one of the most exciting conservation and restoration sites in BC. The WBT is committed to placing Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) at the centre of its operating principles and practices and seeks to collaborate with the Tsleil-Waututh Nation accordingly. They also work in a team environment with the Executive Director, contract staff, and Habitat Committee volunteers to implement the Maplewood Flats Habitat & Cultural-Use Plan (2020).
View full job description
Digital Communications Coordinator
Are you passionate about conservation and communications that make an impact? Are you enthusiastic about engaging with diverse audiences? Do you love to play with words and images? If so, consider applying for the role of Digital Communications Coordinator at Wild Bird Trust of BC.
The Digital Communications Coordinator will implement and monitor communication systems in support of the Wild Bird Trust of BC's annual communication plan. The role involves several diverse communication skill-sets including publicity, writing, social media, materials production and distribution, and other media publishing and broadcast as required. This is an ideal role for a youth with personal experience in a fast-paced digital environment; have moderate organizational skills, with strong attention to detail.
See full job description for Digital Communications Coordinator
Restoration Technologist
The Restoration Technologist utilizes ArcGIS and various software to support the implementation of the Maplewood Flats Habitat & Cultural Use Plan for the only conservation area in Vancouver's harbour. Action plans and research initiatives require technological support for site mapping, processing and analysing field data, and builds interactive digital mapping of the 320 hectare site. The staffer will also provide resourcing to the Habitat Committee and Research Sub-Committee for the design of short-term and long-term restoration management strategies for the Maplewood Flats Conservation Area and other targeted sites.
The Restoration Technologist will support field research and data collection, and produce working reports for the Restoration and Site Manager. Expectations for the position include being comfortable working in the field and performing physical duties as well as competency with computer skills and ability to complete technical office work. This position provides an opportunity to learn from and collaborate with others in a progressive, non-profit, science-based working environment.
See full job description for Restoration Technologist
The Communications Coordinator will implement and monitor communication systems in support of the Wild Bird Trust of BC's Communications Committee summer 2020 work plan. The role involves several diverse communication skill-sets including publicity, writing, social media, materials production and distribution, and other media publishing and broadcast as available.
See full job description
The Coast Salish Programs Assistant will assist with the design and delivery of Coast Salish education and cultural programs for Maplewood Flats. Working closely with our Programs Committee, members of our Board, and other Maplewood Flats summer staff, you will deliver online and carefully managed special events and community engagement opportunities related to the Chief Dan George: Homecoming exhibit, Osprey Festival and summer group education workshops, talks and plant walks.
Festival and Events Coordinator
Working with the Executive Director and the Chairs of the Habitat and Programs Committees, the Events Coordinator will be responsible for overseeing successful production and program delivery of the Chief Dan George 'Homecoming' Exhibit and the 14th Osprey Festival as well as supporting the development of educational events ( e.g. a speakers series, coffeehouses) for the summer and fall 2020. Adjustments to deliver these events via online platforms will ensure Covid-19 health and safety protocols are observed and in place.
Environmental Program Coordinator
The Environmental Program Coordinator will manage habitat and climate research, lead and/or program interpretive walks, coordinate a speakers series on climate change to be hosted online, as well as develop public stewardship programming for the field work season at the Maplewood Conservation Area (MCA). They will focus on engaging the public in priority projects proposed in the Maplewood Flats Habitat and Cultural Use Management Plan (the Habitat Plan), which outlines our goals for the conservation area for the next decade.
The Administrative Assistant is a central operations team coordinator, supporting each role so that they may perform at their optimum, and be able to engage the broader volunteer membership and public in advancing the work of the organization. With experience in non-profits and social enterprise, the Administrative Assistant is resourceful, creative and comfortable multi-tasking in a demanding, fluid work setting. Priority will be on ensuring health and safety of all team members and the public through adjustments to operations systems.
Coast Salish Nursery Restoration Coordinator
The Conservation and Restoration Coordinator will work with staff and volunteers to deliver a busy summer season at the Coast Salish Plant Nursery (the Nursery), sharing their passion for local biodiversity and native plant materials. They will schedule, promote and coordinate a program of online educational demos, activities and nature walks as well as design and deliver online training modules in basic knowledge of native plant species.
Careers in birding, conservation and reconciliation
Would you like to be the first to hear about an upcoming job, or career opportunities, at the Wild Bird Trust of BC? Follow us on LinkedIn to get the latest on WBT jobs and career opportunities in birding, conservation and reconciliation.
The Conservation Area at Maplewood Flats 2649 Dollarton Highway, North Vancouver, BC, V7H 1B1 (2km from Second Narrows Bridge)
Office: Monday to Friday 9am-5pm
Conservation Area: Open 24 hours
Phone : + 1 604-929-2379
corrigan nature house rentals
rentals@wildbirdtrust.org
Membership inquiries
membership@wildbirdtrust.org
volunteer@wildbirdtrust.org
Maplewood Flats
Plant Nursery
Wild Bird Trust of BC
Copyright 2016-2022 © Wild Bird Trust of BC. All Rights Reserved.


Perma-Guard Diatomaceous Earth is certified by OMRI as an organic product. We believe it is the purest, highest grade Fossil Shell Flour you can purchase. Accept no imitations, our product arrives in the original package, sealed by the manufacturer. Why take risks buying DE that has been handled and repackaged by someone else?
The EPA has approved DE as an additive in feed and grains for use as an anti-caking agent and has exempted it from tolerance requirements as an inert, inactive ingredient in chemical pesticides. Any uses other than those presented here are strictly anecdotal reports of what our customers have used it for. We sell this product for the uses stated on the label only. Any other benefits it may provide are incidental.
Humans – Check with your doctor about supplementation of Diatomaceous Earth.
Pets – Added at a rate of 2% to pet food in the bag or bin. Prevents feed from bugs. Kills internal parasites without chemicals. Use as a flea powder. Dust animal's bedding, kills fleas, lice and mites.
Livestock – Use as a feed additive. Stimulates metabolism and increases feed conversion. Prevents fly larvae from developing in manure. Lowers fly population.
Poulty – Added to feed for chickens and turkeys, it makes shells harder, reduce odors, dries droppings quickly, reduces fly hatch.
Garden – Mix into soil for a soil conditioner. Will retain over 6 times its weight in moisture and will release it as the plants need it. It may also help with nematodes. On lawns, will retain moisture and prevent drought damage.
Suggested doses are customer reported. Diatomaceous Earth is sold only as an anti-caking agent and is recommended to be mixed in animal feed at the rate of 2% of the dry weight.
Humans – Check with your medical professional for dosage. Can be mixed with water or juice.
Large Dog (retriever) – 1 tablespoon per day.
Small Dog (poodle) – 1 tsp per day.
Cat – 1 tsp per day.
Cow – 1/2 cup per day.
Calf – 1/4 cup per day.
Horse 1/2 cup per day.


This is probably a cardinal blogging sin- I'm wearing Converse.. I was going for a slight black and white theme here.
I've been neglecting my blog recently (and yours), due to one thing and another (I love how vague I am here now). Hopefully I shall feel more like blogging soon and less apathetic to things generally.
Anyway, I wore this yesterday for a little walk around Regent's Park, followed by some Sunday Lunch. So happy we have a bank holiday here today! All weeks should be four day weeks really..
Wow, that blazer is beautiful! I love how it has a sort of waterfall effect when it's undone, if that makes any sense at all!
Hope you're okay! I truly adore/cherish your blog, so I hope you're back soon!
wow that jacket is so cool!
Converse, polka dot nails and the most fabulous jacket - gorgeous outfit lovely!
Really great outfit, I LOVE that jacket!!
Hey! I hope that you start to feel better about things soon. I know how you feel when you don't really feel like doing much and go through a period of not enjoying certain things.
I love the white converse touch! Very beatnik! Great jacket too!
I love this outfit - black and white always look so classy :) Your jewellery is beautiful and I love love love your nails!
what a fun outfit! i love that you wore converse and kept it casual.
I'd been away for a long time as well! I think the Cons look great with your outfit. I have them in red, but they don't fit me well ugh.
SOO cute! I adore this outfit. Your hat and cape jacket are just perfect.
I love yout jacket! Such a wonderful shape!
That blazer is rather special! I like it!
This outfit is pretty awesome! I'm super loving your jacket and hat paired together. Everything just works so nicely!
I wear converse all the time. Super comfortable and cute!
Thanks for leaving such a sweet comment on my blog!
this is awesome, the converse look great! its a perfect outfit for hanging with some friends, while still look incredible cute!
I love the blouse and jacket!
La chaqueta es GENIAL! me encanta el look, en serio.


text:
[<< wikinews] Bomb scare closes main Edinburgh thoroughfare
The Police sealed off Princes St while the bomb squad performed a controlled explosion on board an Edinburgh double-decker bus, following reports of a suspicious package on board.
A block of Princes street was closed to the public from approximately 17:30, while investigations were carried out. Later a second controlled explosion was carried out in a store at the east end of Princes St.
All local shops and homes were evacuated, and as of 20:30 remained unable to access their property while continuing evaluation of the scene was carried out. Traffic approaching the area was diverted, and motorists urged to stay away from the area unless essential.
Following earlier blasts in London the Police treated the situation very seriously, but it later emerged to be a false alarm. The blockade follows several days of planned closures for marches surrounding the Make Poverty History and G8 conference.
"Coordinated terrorist attack in London" — Wikinews, July 7, 2005
"Bomb scares close Princes Street" — BBC, July 7, 2005 "Suspicious packages bring fear to Scotland" — The Scotsman, July 8, 2005

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Original work consisted of demolition and renovation to 72 motel units in Wings A and B and renovations to 9,000 S.F. of administration area.
The Phase II work added Wings C and E and work in the mechanical rooms.
The Phase III added the remaining wings D and F.


text:
The Evolving Streetscape of Waterloo Avenue
Author: Antoin Diamond
Edited: 2021
Waterloo Avenue facing west from Gordon Street after the street railway was plied (1895). (Source: Guelph Museum Archives, 2003).
The built landscape is the physical manifestation of the needs, values, and cultural traditions of those who create it. It was formed brick by brick, layer by layer through a combination of individual choices and collective decisions. The streetscape is a microcosm of the built landscape that reveals elements of culture that unconsciously impact the local experience. In turn, this can influence crime rates, pollution, and overall health of a city's residents. Culturally interesting streets encourage greater pedestrian use which inhibits criminal activity that seeks to take advantage of uninhabited areas. Streets also have the potential to unify a city, making people feel more connected and willing to contribute to improvements requiring citizen cooperation. Indeed, people who walk tend to make use of local transit more often which, in turn, reduces pollution from car emissions.
What may not be so evident, however, is how culturally inviting streetscapes are formed in the first place. They do not appear overnight from the municipal planning office or from the genius of one mind; rather they are formed over time through forces both planned and individual from within and beyond the city's boundary. The study of the evolving streetscape of Waterloo Avenue from Gordon Street to the Hanlon Expressway, from 1827 to the present day, is appealing because just as the built environment of Guelph provides a reflection of a growing province, this streetscape exhibits layers of life that mirror the evolving town.
HISTORICAL BEGINNINGS
After surveying the town site during the year 1827, one of the most important decisions John Galt made was to build Market Street, now known as Waterloo Avenue. Contracted to Mr. Absolom Shade, it consisted of nothing more than a large opening through an old-growth forest, but upon completion spanned an impressive 132 feet and extended seven miles west to the county of Waterloo. The building of this road provided access to farmland for settlement and a trade route to other more established markets. It also acted as a form of boosterism for Guelph by attracting people from miles around, with some saying that it rivaled Niagara Falls as a tourist attraction.
As part of southern Ontario's well-established settlement system, Guelph was organized around a central place, the market square. Market Street used to extend west from this point, ending at Edinburgh Road, which formed the boundary of the original 'Town Plot.' From there it linked to what was then known as the Waterloo Road, which crossed the western-most boundary of the town-site at Silvercreek Road. By 1876, the entire length of this road which ran from Gordon Street to the town limit at Silvercreek Road was renamed Waterloo Avenue. Figure 1 provides an illustration of this delineated area.
Figure 1: Delineated Area (Source: Map base from Johnson 1977, 15 Map 3 Plan of the Town of Guelph, 1827).
By 1833, the Canada Company had managed to sell 60 percent of the 975 town lots in Guelph and 83 percent of the township lots, but development was slow to come. An historical account that provides some visual context of this is when, at that time, a certain Mr. Phin came up the Waterloo Road to Guelph, where there were only one or two solitary houses built. So sparse was settlement that when Mr. Phin asked his driver when they would reach Guelph, he was told that they had already arrived. However, this arterial route would provide the necessary connection for the exchange of goods and services vital for Guelph's economic growth. Road maintenance during the early 1800s was an ongoing affair with most of it being supervised by Pathmasters, who used Statute Labour (about two days per man per year) to carry it out. Due to demands of settlement and farming, there was never sufficient labour available, and roads quickly fell into disrepair. The effort and expense of providing passable transportation routes for merchants was contributing to economic hardships in Guelph, and so a decision was made in 1838 to persuade the provincial government to take over Waterloo Road as a public work, and improvement began quickly.
Subdivision of the land along Waterloo Avenue had begun in 1827 and progressed from the centre in a westerly fashion, but development was primarily influenced by the natural environment. Bounded on the east and south by the loop of the Speed River, construction began during the mid 1840s on the relatively level land as far west as Yorkshire Street. Number one Waterloo Avenue, a two-storey brick house built in 1844 on the north side, is the oldest standing structure on the street. This house features red sand struck brick, 6/6 sash and a pilastered door case with bold entablature, to mention a few of its characteristics. Of course, construction of homes such as this was rare during that period, requiring expensive brick that had to be imported, and also bricklaying skills. As a result, many settlers initially took advantage of the more readily available raw materials such as timber and later, stone.
The abundance of timber provided for the simplest and most utilitarian of all structures at that time, the frame house. They were easily constructed and less expensive to build, and several can be found on Waterloo Avenue (examples being at Nos. 9, 15, 16, 110, and 236). The oldest of these homes date back to the 1850s and have since been wrapped in veneers that range from stucco to aluminum clapboard. Veneering was a common way of improving Ontario buildings through small steps, and an example can be seen at No. 16 where stucco has been used, and more recently a decorative stone face has been added to the front of this building. Of course, 'improvement' often mirrored only what was available in the way of building materials and skills at that particular time. As other materials and skills became accessible, Ontarians' predilection for stone and brick quickly ushered in structures that contribute to one of the most recognizable traits of Ontario's architectural legacy - the stone house.
There are 25 stone structures on Waterloo Avenue that have been built from quarried Lockport Dolomite. Evidence of quarrying can be found on the north side of Waterloo Avenue between Edinburgh and Meadowvale behind numbers 193 to 239, and further down the street, just east and west of the Hanlon, encompassing land that has been commonly referred to as the gravel pit, and on land currently owned by Guelph Dolime. Mr. William Slater is listed in the 1893 Farmers Business Directory as being the owner of one of these quarries and many tradesmen occupied homes nearby on Waterloo Avenue. Mr. George H. Welsford, a stone cutter, lived not too far away at No. 162. Mr. Welsford's property was built in 1863 out of limestone and features tooled sills, bush-hammered lintels and quoins, a stained-glass transom, and shutters. A stonemason by the name of Edwin Humphries originally lived at No. 170 in a limestone, hammer-dressed stone cottage, and a Mr. T. McCoy, a quarryman, lived at No. 218, in an 1865 Ontario Cottage, an image of which can be seen below.
218 Waterloo Avenue Neo-Classic Vernacular (1865) 1-storey cottage (Source: lnventory of Heritage Structures, 1997).
Of course, use for Waterloo Avenue's dolomite was not limited to structures on this street. In the mid-to-late 1920s, tradesmen cut stone from the quarry just east of the Hanlon to be used for the spires of The Church of Our Lady Immaculate, one of the most commanding structures in Guelph today.
A demographic shift between 1843 and 1847, which doubled the population of Guelph from 700 to 1,480, brought with it skilled stonemasons and bricklayers, increasing the former from 15 to 21 and the latter from seven to 73, some of whom lived on Waterloo Avenue at that time. Seventy-six brick homes exist on Waterloo Avenue, 17 of which are known to have been built before the turn of the century. Bricks, made from an abundance of clay materials deposited by the Wisconsin glacier, were made by individual brick-makers who advertised the sale of them in the local paper. Mr. David McKersie, who owned and operated his business on Waterloo Road, placed the following advertisement.
Advertisement for Bricks on Waterloo Road. (Source: GPL Guelph Advertiser 1850).
There were many other skilled individuals who made their homes on Waterloo Avenue and are listed in a comprehensive record through the City of Guelph's Inventory of Heritage Structures.
INDUSTRY ON WATERLOO AVENUE
The location of early industry was also influenced by the physical environment. Glacial deposits and bedrock ledges have provided Guelph with fine conditions for the generation of waterpower. A watercolour by David Allan provides us with evidence of an early industry on Waterloo Avenue that was most likely situated to harness the power from Silver Creek at what was then known as the town limit. The 'Red Mill' (so called for its painted wooden boards) was built by Horace Perry in 1831. Mr. Perry originally came to Guelph in 1830 to fulfill a contract to build a grist mill on the west bank of the Speed River for the Canada Company. After construction, he was so taken by the prospects of potential business growth in Guelph that he bought a piece of property on Waterloo Avenue and built a mill for himself. Sawmills, however, were a short-lived economic activity and vulnerable to fires. Subsequently the only remaining evidence is Mr. Allan's painting. Silver Creek still flows from the north through Howitt Park (just east of the Hanlon), and south down to the Speed River. The same creek that provided power for the Red Mill also supplied the Phoenix Mill (1870), located at 358 Waterloo Avenue. Built from local limestone, this gristmill, once owned by M.J. Patterson and A.J. Butt, was strategically located on the periphery of town with frontage on Waterloo Avenue, thus providing linkages to other towns and potential markets. By 1912 the gristmill was converted to serve the Sterling Rubber factory and more recently (in 1991) was renovated into condominiums. The three stages of its evolution reflect a larger set of modernization processes that have led Guelph through an economic transformation. The gristmill typified a subsistence economy, whereas the rubber factory marked a turning point to industrialization. The presence of the condominiums, however, is indicative of a post-industrial economy characterized by a rising middle class and the decentralization of work.
Industrial development in Guelph in the 19th century was promoted extensively and attracted entrepreneurs from all over the world. One such individual was John H. Sleeman who arrived from Britain and purchased property in 1851 on the edge of town on Waterloo Avenue, where he built his Silver Creek Brewery. It was located on the Speed River across from the present-day Manor Hotel (originally George Sleeman's residence).
Silver Creek Brewery. (Source: GPL Image Database, 2003).
At that time, it produced approximately 12 barrels of beer per batch and provided employment for between 30 and 35 of Guelph's growing population. John's son, George Sleeman, became the manager of the brewery in 1862 and after his father's retirement, sole owner in 1867. The brewery continued to grow well into the 20th century but upon George's death in 1926, it was sold and became the Holliday Brewery. Subsequently, after a series of owners, the brewery was purchased and later demolished by the City of Guelph in 1967 to make way for the Hanlon Parkway.
The Guelph Elastic Hosiery Co. Ltd. (Source: GPL Image Database, 2003).
Individual buildings on the street have come and gone, each serving a different purpose, and each reflecting innovations and changing needs. The Guelph Elastic Hosiery Co. Ltd. was located on the northwest corner of Glasgow Street and Waterloo Avenue. It occupied the original building that had served as the South Ward School, built around the late 1880s to early 1890s. Around 1913 the school was listed as 'vacant' in the directory and remained this way until 1917, when the Modern Paper Box Company acquired the property. It was not until 1921 that The Guelph Elastic Hosiery Company became the principal occupant of the building, expanded it and remained there until 1960. This building was then demolished and replaced by a service garage currently on the site. Recent clean-up of the site by the new owner, Mr. David White of College Auto Tech, has revealed the old timber foundation of the original building, and he was kind enough to share this history with me.
THE MERCANTILE TOWN
The variety of buildings on Waterloo Avenue divulges a great deal about not only the diffusion of skills, but also the changing socio-economic climate over the years. A cross-section of the social structure and individual wealth can be seen, as simple limestone cottages stand in juxtaposition with impressive stone structures, which required more money to build. This phenomenon speaks of forces far beyond the boundaries of Guelph. During the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century, two expanding classes arrived in Canada from Britain in search of new opportunities: the wealthy capitalist whose prosperity stemmed from a booming British industrial economy, and the trading firms, with the industrial workers that were employed by them.
Between 1830 and 1860, Guelph was a mercantile city, and development on Waterloo Avenue was a mix of residential and commercial buildings. Grocery and butcher stores, taverns, inns, a brick-maker, a furniture business and bakeries were haphazardly built along its streetscape where merchants hoped to take advantage of travelers entering and departing from Guelph. Numerous tradesmen and service providers lived along this avenue as well, including livery-stable owners, carriage-makers, stonemasons, building contractors, bakers, and millers, all competing for business along this busy route. Evidence of its lively beginnings can be found in the Guelph Heritage Inventory (2003) where No. 7 has been documented as once being a grocery store, No. 91 a grocery store, and No. 36 a clothing store. Mr. Patrick Harnell operated a butcher shop in the limestone building located at No. 196 Waterloo Avenue at the corner of Edinburgh Road. Although over the years the types of goods sold have changed, it has always remained a retail establishment and serves as a variety store today.
The hotel 'Victoria Inn' (1847) owned and operated by William Armstrong (the Guelph Civic Museum since 1980), provided accommodation for the weary traveller, along with Russell's Tavern, built as a wayside inn by order of John Galt in 1829. The only evidence of that tavern is a photograph in the Guelph Public Library archives showing the remains of its fireplace. As for the Victoria Inn, an advertisement in the Guelph Advertiser on May 16, 1850, indicated that it was for sale.
Advertising Auction of Victoria Inn. (Source: GPL 2003 Guelph Advertiser).
The owner, Mr. Armstrong, must have died and difficulties in selling the Inn were experienced. Mr. Knowles, an auctioneer who lived at No. 7 Waterloo Avenue, posted the above advertisement on December 17, 1850, to promote the auctioning of the Victoria Inn and some of the contents. For the next 60 years the building had a wide variety of tenants and owners. In 1910 the Inn was the property of a Mrs. Black who operated it as a rooming house for girls attending Macdonald College. The Knights of Columbus took over the building in 1931 and occupied it for 46 years.
Shifts in the economic structure of Ontario during the 1900s led to a redistribution of wealth, which can also be identified on Waterloo Avenue. Although the practical Ontario cottage has consistently been used for residential purposes over time, some have added attractive additions, as can be seen at No. 222. No. 25, an exceptionally beautiful, Italianate style two-storey building with Flemish bond brick, was built from limestone quarried from Waterloo Avenue. Built in 1862, this building was originally the home and office of a medical doctor. By 1957, it had become the Skipper and O'Drowsky Funeral Home, and then in 1977 the office for Royal City Realty Limited.
THE COMING OF THE RAILWAY AND EVOLVING STREETSCAPE OF WATERLOO AVENUE
Supported by the Railway Guarantee Act of 1849 which provided incentives by way of interest rates that were both attractive and fixed, the Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) came to Guelph in 1856. Later called the Canadian National, it provided accessibility and connections fundamental to growth, and quickly became a priority over roads. It left a profound mark on Guelph's urban core, disrupting the integrity of Galt's original plan and transforming the streetscape of Waterloo Avenue. As the new railway line was plied, it resulted in the bisecting of the market centre and furthermore, its requirement for a low gradient along the river resulted in the truncation of Waterloo Avenue at what is now Gordon Street. The introduction of the Great Western Railway in 1857 compounded these changes by creating a by-pass for freight that would ordinarily have been brought into Guelph by road.
Figure 2: Truncation and By-pass of Waterloo Avenue.
The GTR also blocked access to the east and south of Guelph creating new street patterns which channeled growth to the north. The GTR ran parallel to Waterloo Avenue just one block north, inevitably resulting in the circumvention of freight that was once transported along this road. By the end of the 19th century, Waterloo Avenue's role in regional commercial trade was reduced to a local collection and delivery route to the railway, with Alma Street and the Silvercreek Parkway (running north from Waterloo Avenue) providing access to loading points for rail cars along the GTR tracks.
SOCIAL CHANGES
Implementation of the Education Act in 1841 created a Common School Fund which paved the way for the establishment of seven school districts and later, school buildings. St. James Ward School (later Torrance School), located at 151 Waterloo Avenue in district No. 3, was built in 1910. The building of this school was indicative of new societal attitudes to improve lives of the less fortunate by providing education for all children between the ages of five and sixteen years. Up to this point school systems had been comprised of District Grammar Schools which relied on fees that may have been beyond the reach of most of the area's residents. Two such schools were present on and near Waterloo Avenue. The first was built in 1841 in a building behind the Victoria Irur, and, as previously mentioned, the South Ward School on the corner of Glasgow and Waterloo Avenue.
St. James Ward School (Torrance), 1910. (Source: GPL Image Database).
Another emergence that reflected this new awareness was the establishment of a Children's Shelter at No. 35 Waterloo Avenue between 1901 and 1903. It is difficult to say exactly which building it was because mistakes can be made in documentation, and street numbers change over time. For instance, in the directories for 1901-1903 and 1903-1905, the shelter is listed as being on the north side of Waterloo Avenue. In the 1901-1903 directory it is itemized as No. 35; but for 1903-1905, it is No. 36. Between 1905 and 1907, it is listed as No. 39 and then in 1909 at No. 1.
The 1901 and 1911 censuses reveal that the building of Torrance School coincided with a demographic shift that increased the number of residents by 3,679 people, resulting in a 30 percent increase. This kind of growth would not be experienced again until the 1960s and 1970s as illustrated in the graph below, but each would be reflected in the Waterloo Avenue streetscape.
Source: F. Dahms in Matheson and Anderson 2000, 223.
With an increase in population a need for more housing ensued. On May 30, 1912, plan No. 348 for Waterloo Avenue was submitted to the city for the purpose of subdividing part of Township Lot No. 1 in Division A. Following this event five two-storey houses, 'rectangular' and 'foursquare', of pressed red brick and featuring front porches, stone lintels and sills, were built. This grouping of homes can be identified between St. Arnaud Street and Meadowvale on the north side.
Guelph's first local newspaper was published in 1842; Guelph's first library was established in 1850; waterworks and sanitary sewage were introduced in 1879; but the service that had the most profound impact was the introduction of electricity in 1887. The result was not only the reorganization of work, but also the creation of many other services, one being the Guelph Street Railway along Waterloo Avenue, built by George Sleeman.
Guelph Street Railway. (Source: D. Coulman in Matheson, et al. 2000, 4).
It opened on September 18th in 1895 and consisted of two lines with one running from Sleeman's Silvercreek Brewery on Waterloo Avenue to the Canadian Pacific and Grand Trunk Railway stations in the centre of Guelph. With the brewery located at the end of the avenue and the establishment of public transportation, there was potential for strong development on Waterloo Avenue, but unfortunately it did not occur. At the time of its construction and for the following two decades, the street railway functioned primarily as an instrument for civic boosterism. Increasing costs due to maintenance and minimal profits forced it into receivership by 1903. Subsequently on September 28th of that year, through the collaboration of the banks and City Council, the Board of Trade committees and a vote by the ratepayers, the city purchased the line and renamed it the Guelph Radial Railway Company.
Compounded by Prohibition of September 1916, which affected 44 breweries in Ontario, the Silvercreek Brewery closed its doors in 1929. Shortly thereafter, in 1937, the streetcars were removed from service and the only reminder of them is the stone car barns, still visible today at 371 Waterloo Avenue.
Stone Car Barns Waterloo Avenue. (Source: Guelph Inventory of Heritage Homes, 2003).
THE PLANNED CITY AND SUBSEQUENT GROWTH
By the mid 1900s, roads, railways, new services, and the increasing influence of the government had shaped the way in which Guelph had physically expanded. Despite bisecting many of the streets and forcing development more northward, the railways at the turn of the century still maintained a centralizing effect on Guelph, in that goods and people were drawn to its centre. The introduction of the motor vehicle in the 1920s, however, and its flexible transportation routes had a decentralizing effect, which began to push the city limits outward. Zoning was timidly introduced in the early part of the century through new legislation of the Planning Act in 1946 (Zoning, 2003). Its by-laws shaped Guelph as centralized supervision over land development regulated the location of buildings or structures and the types of uses and dwellings permitted.
Once a part of the city's periphery, Waterloo Avenue has experienced significant change as a result of all these factors. The west end of Waterloo Avenue at the Hanlon Parkway has undergone several zoning changes that reflect the powerful forces of nature, technology, and the government. In 1946, flooding from the Speed River forced the city to officially convert land use of this area from industrial to a green belt. By 1954, portions of the green belt had been re-zoned back to industry, but in 1963 Guelph zoning bylaw No. 5418 reduced the zoning to light industrial. Today, this same area has been re-zoned to accommodate high-density apartments and condominiums, and on a strip closer to the Speed River the land has been categorized as both a flood zone and a green belt.
NEW GROWTH BETWEEN 1960-1980
The decision to zone the residential area may have been encouraged by the annexation of several thousand acres of level land in 1966 for the development of the Hanlon Business Park, located south of Waterloo Avenue at Clair and the Hanlon Expressway. Prompted by an unprecedented growth of 78.7 percent from 1961, to 1981 and a projected population growth of 1.85 percent for every year until 2021. It was expected that the business park would provide a much-needed economic base and an increase in employment opportunities. The construction of the Hanlon Expressway, which skirts the western edge of the city, would also provide a vital arterial route extending from Highway 7 to Highway 401. Combined with the development and improvement of Wellington Street and the completion of the Hanlon-Wellington interchange in 2001, the impact on Waterloo Avenue appears to have resulted in a second truncation that has almost completely severed it from its past. This transition is illustrated in Figure 4. This population surge may also explain the decision to zone parts of Waterloo Avenue to dense residential and approve the construction of six large condominium and apartment blocks between 1970 and 1987, located at 240, 270, 358, 364, 380, and 400 Waterloo Avenue.
Figure 3: The Building of the Hanlon Expressway. (Source: Compilation of Information derived from GHS 2002 and Guelph Planning Dept., 2003).
THE FUTURE OF WATERLOO AVENUE
Waterloo Avenue reflects over 175 years of imposed human will and ingenuity that have transformed the land from a natural to a cultural landscape. The street has never been static, often displaying the push and pull between individual decisions such as the building of a single cottage, to the imposed necessity of a school. Today the decisions remain quite similar. As we move into the future, a need for more affordable housing has predisposed Guelph city planners to favour a proposal to build 32 apartments on the site of the Calvary Baptist Church located on the corner of Glasgow Street and Waterloo Avenue. A similar proposal has been put forward for the site of the Salvation Army building on the corner of Birmingham and Waterloo, and again at Gordon and Waterloo. Walking along Waterloo Avenue it is evident that it lends itself to 'infill.' Use of the natural environment and the cycles of development have left their imprint in the form of convenient blocks of level land such as that at Essex and Gordon Street where the Royal Organ factory was located. The width of Waterloo Avenue that impressed so many people 175 years ago has the potential to accommodate increased public transportation and traffic flow. But the movement towards 'infill' raises concerns for the integrity of the street since development may jeopardize the heritage value of the road and its structures. Through the framework of the Ontario Heritage Act, 1974, a number of homes on Waterloo Avenue have plaques near the front door indicating their historical legacy. These small acknowledgements of our past, however, can be overshadowed quickly if aggressive development is permitted. Waterloo Avenue tells an interesting story through an eclectic streetscape which retains evidence of the many stages of growth in Guelph, thus providing us with a culturally enriched environment that deserves our protection. Careful, thoughtful, environmentally, and socially conscious construction is demanded by the residents to ensure that not only the streetscape of Waterloo Avenue, but also those of Guelph in general, remain as vital and appealing as they ever were.
Table 1: Buildings on Waterloo Avenue
House # North Side
Year Significant Features Use: Past/Present
Red sand, struck stock brick. Neo-Classic, Vernacular, 2-storey
Residential / Drop-in Centre Corporation
Pressed red brick, 2 1/2 storey, Four squared
Residence multi-unit
Limestone, Neo-Classic Vernacular, 2-storey
Merchant grocery store / Residential
Frame, rough stucco, Neo-Classic, Vernacular, 2-storey
Listed in Business Directory 1909 as bakery/ Residential
Limestone, Largest structure of its time. Exceptionally fine stone craftsmanship. Georgian style
Hotel "Victorian Inn," 1910 Mn. Black's Boarding house/ 1951 Knights of Columbus Hall 1980 Guelph Civic Museum
Limestone, Italianate, 2-storey, Flemish bond, exceptionally beautiful large building
MD office / Funeral Home / Real Estate Office
Pressed red brick, Queen Anne Revival, 2 1/2-storey
Residential / rear carriage house converted to apartments, 2002.
Red and White Brick (local clay), Italianate, 2-storey
Residential owned by building contractor / multi-family residential
19 Glasgow 1930's
Calvary Baptist Church located on the corner of Waterloo Avenue and Glasgow
Church / plans to rezone to R.4D dense apartment containing 43 units. March 2003
51 1940's
Initial structure a wood shack that served as cobbler, current structure brick single storey with business below
Cobbler/ shoe repair and residence school / Commercial
Public School (1800s) Guelph Hosiery (1920s) Guelph Box Co., College Auto Tech (2003)
Red pressed brick, Queen Anne Revival, 2-storey
Residential owned by building contractor / commercial and residential
Limestone, Neo-Classic Vernacular 2-storey
Residential/ grocery store/ Residential/ Prof. 91 Commercial
Brick, single storey
107-109 1905-07
Pressed red brick, four squared, with addition
Multi-unit Residential
Pressed red brick
Apartment & shops / 4-unit terrace
Modem condominiums
Pressed red brick, Queen Anne Revival, 2-storey
Listed as grocery or general store in 1909 business directory/ Residential
Red pressed brick, Queen Anne Revival, 2 1/2-storey
Limestone, ashlil tooled and smooth, red pressed brick, Edwardian Baroque, impressive structure
Tonance Public School / Montessori School
Limestone, Neo-Classical Vernacular (ltalianate), 2-storey
Institutional office/vacant
163 1870 White sandstruck stock brick Residential owned by a builder/ Residential
173 1874 White sandstruck stock brick with addition Residential owned by a carriage maker/ Residential
179 1903 Red pressed brick, late Ontario Cottage
Residential owned by James E. Carter Mayor/ Residential
185 1872 White sandstruck stock brick, neo-Classical Vernacular, 1 1/2-storey Residential
Pebble-dash stucco, Neo-Classical Vernacular, 1 1/2-storey
Residential owned by a stone cutter/ Residential
Pressed red brick, 2 1/2-storey, Four squared
Cast concrete blocks, 2 1/2-storey
Two unit residence
Pressed red brick, 2-storey, Four squared
Residential owned by a builder
Residential quarry owner
Pressed red brick, with addition
Limestone, Ontario Cottage, 1-storey
Stucco cottage corner of Meadowview
Buffbrick, stone lintels and sills, 2-storey.
"Spook alley" runs between No. 251 & 255,
Used to be a throughway up to the large Kennedy estate located on Meadowview. It was blocked around 1930s. Now driveway for No. 251 & 255.
1927 Buff brick, stone lintels and sills 2-storey
Red pressed brick, stone lintels and sills 2 1/2-storey, "four squared"
Red pressed brick, stone lintels and sills 2-storey, "rectangular"
White buff stock brick, Neo-Classical Vernacular 1 1/2-storey (St. Arnaud)
Single storey brick
1-storey + 1/2 brick
White buff stock brick, Ontario Cottage, 1-storey
Pioneer Transmission
Professional Offices
Limestone, Neo-Classical functional, 1-storey
Industrial / Carbarn / Service Commercial
White stucco "Orange Hall"
Waterloo Avenue Court
1 1/2-storey siding
Single storey brick bungalow style
# ? 1881
Limestone, Gothic Revival, 2-storey
Residential / Conference
Single storey brick bungalow style new addition
Newer brick & siding side split
Elaborate, multi-storey, pressed red brick,
Sleeman's residence / Night Club
House # South Side Year Significant Features Use: Past / Present
Wellington Chiropractic Centre
Stucco frame cottage, 1 1/2-storey, newer stone veneer
One of the earliest doctor's offices in the city/ Residential
Modern, 2-storey brick veneer
Stucco frame cottage, 1 1/4-storey, wood sills, Neo-Classic, vernacular
Pressed red brick 2-storey, keyhole window
Brick 2-storey
36 & 38 1865
Merchant clothing store / Residential, Duplex
Red pressed brick 2-storey
Brick, West End Bakery
Bakers or confectioners 1909/ Commercial
Pressed red brick, Edwardian, 2 1/2-storey
Limestone, Ontario Cottage
Frame, aluminum siding, Neo-Classic Vernacular, 2-storey
Residential owned by builder/ Residential
Multifamily Residential
Salvation Army Citadel located on the corner of Waterloo Avenue and Birmingham
(address is 21 Birmingham)
Salvation Army Citadel / Plans to sell property for new development made known in March 2003
Light red pressed brick, stretcher bond, 2-storey
Double dwelling/ Commercial variety store & Residential
Residential duplex
Pressed red brick, late ltalianate, 2-storey
Modern brick, 2-storey
Red sandstruck stock brick
Frame, vinyl siding, Cottage
Limestone, Ontario Cottage,
Residential originally owned by school teacher
Brick, 2-storey
Semi detached 2-storey, brick
Brick, 2 1/2-storey
Frame vinyl siding, 1-storey
Frame 2-storey house with siding on the second storey and newer brick on the first, old foundation
Pressed red brick 2 1/2-storey
Limestone, Neo-Classical Vernacular, 1-storey
Residential owned by stone cutter/ Residential
Residential owned by stone mason
Accountant business
'Newer' single storey commercial block
Dentist business
18? No #
Vacant single storey commercial block
Single storey cottage brick veneer
Limestone, Neo-Classic, Vernacular, 2-storey
Butcher shop/ grocery store and residential/ variety store
Brick, 2-storey, 2-units
Red pressed brick, 2-storey, Four squared
Semi detached 'newer' brick, 2-storey
Brick, 2-storey (rainbow)
Residential owned by a quarryman/ Residential
Limestone, Neo-Classic Verncular, 1-storey with addition
Steel or wood frame, white brick dense apartment
Pressed red brick, 2-storey
Frame, siding, single storey
Dense Apartment Block
2 units single storey pre-dates no. 240
Bungalow style brick
Red pressed brick, 1 1/2 Neo-Classical Vernacular, 1 1/2-storey
Red pressed brick, 2-storey
2-storey siding
Pressed red brick 'rectangular', 2-storey
Red pressed brick, 1 1/2-storey
1 1/2-storey brick
Max Variety Store (1997)
358 (a) 1870
Limestone, random course rubble, Neo-Classic Functional
(1870) Phoenix Grist Mill (1912) Rubber factory / (1991) Residential
Dense Apartment Block (Phoenix Mills Apartments)
Dense Apartment Block (Bryden Apartments)
Source: Compiled from the Inventory of Heritage Structures, City of Guelph Planning Dept' (2003), the Couling lndex (1963-1974) by G. Couling, and Field work conducted by myself (2003).
Byerly, A. E., 1935: The Beginning of Things. Guelph, Ontario.
Bloomfield, E., and G. Bloomfield, with P. McCaskell 1983: Urban Growth and Local Services: The Development of Ontario Municipalities to 1981 University of Guelph, Department of Geography, Occasional Papers, No. 3.
City of Guelph, 2000: Planning Division Population Projection Review, Statistics Canada Census 1996. http://www.city.guelph.on.ca. Accessed February 27, 2003.
City of Guelph, 2000: Demographic Profile, Population Growth and Projections http://www.city.guelph.on.cal Accessed February 15, 2003.
Couling, G. 1963-1974: Couling Index of Homes in Guelph, General Binder. Wellington County Museum.
Guelph Tribune, March 11, 2003: Hallett, D. :Church-to-apartments raises.
Guelph Public Library (GPL), 2003: Local History Archives, Archives Image Database. http://www.library.guelph.on.ca/. Accessed March 1, 2003.
Guelph Civic Museum, Guelph (GCM) 2003: Wall, K. Assistant Curator. Ms. Walls provided me with selected maps from the archives.
Inventory of Heritage Structures 2003: City of Guelph. Planning Department, City Hall, Guelph.
Irwin R. W. 1998: Guelph: Origin of City Street Names. Guelph Historical Society, Ontario.
Johnson, L. A. 1977: History of Guelph, 1827-1927. Guelph Historical Society, Guelph, Ontario.
Local Architectural Conservation Advisory Committee (LACAC), 1994: Designated Buildings and Structures of Architectural and Historic Interest in the City of Guelph. Publications Ontario, Toronto.
Matheson, D. and R. Anderson (eds), 2000: Guelph: Perspectives on a Century of Change: 1900 - 2000. Guelph Historical Society, Guelph, Ontario.
Municipal Property Assessment Corporation (MPAC), 2003: Guelph, Ontario.
White, D., 2003: Personal conversation with David White, owner, and operator of College Auto Tech. 79 Waterloo Ave., Guelph, Ontario.
Zoning 2003: M. Castellan, Planner. Received information and documentation concerning historical zoning on Waterloo Avenue.
Risky Business (1st Prize Essay Contest Winner)
The Century-Old Law Family Home on Neeve Street
The Hotel Keepers' Trade: One Family's Experience in Victorian Guelph (2nd Prize Essay Contest Winner)
Each for All and All for Each: The Story of The Guelph Co-Operative Association (3rd Prize Essay Contest Winner)
David Mowat, President, Guelph Historical Society, 1999 - 2001


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Home » Cricket » Virat Kohli and AB de Villiers are their own coaches: Simon Katich
Virat Kohli and AB de Villiers are their own coaches: Simon Katich
Ankit Chaubeyon April 27, 2021
RCB head coach Simon Katich said that Virat Kohli and AB de Villiers are their own coaches you don't have to teach them anything.
De Villiers and Kohli are one of the best players who have ever played the great game of cricket who knows each and every condition really well and their ability to perform in crunch situations separates them from the lot.
Katich was asked about how much he is enjoying collaborating with two legends of the game to which he said Kohli is a sharp learner and he keeps on asking questions to you as every time he is looking to improve and learn the nuances of the game.
We are very fortunate to have these two around young boys in the Bangalore-based franchise so that the youngsters can dive into their minds and learn the cricketing aspects from these two giants of the game.
"They (Virat & AB de Villiers) are their own coaches because they know their game – and the game – inside out because of the volume of cricket they've played, Virat still wants to learn, though, and is always asking if we can see anything that might improve his game, but a player of his caliber, there is not a lot wrong with his game," Simon Katich said as quoted by Sportskeeds.
RCB is in full form in the ongoing season of IPL 2021 as they won four matches out of five which they have played so far and will be next locking horns against Delhi Capitals Today.
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CategoriesCricket, IPL NewsTagsAB de VilliersVirat Kohli
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Q: Entity Framework - Simple query takes 3 minutes to complete I'm using Entity Framework 6 Code First with an Oracle database (using Devart DotConnect for Oracle)
With a specific query with a SingleOrDefault, the query takes 1 second to complete :
-- Executing at 08.10.2019 10:04:04 +02:00
-- Completed in 1211 ms with result: d

But then, nothing happen during 3,5 minutes, until the connection is closed :
Closed connection at 08.10.2019 10:07:41 +02:00

During this time, the CPU of the database server goes up to 100%.
If I execute the same query directly on the database, it is very fast.
if I slightly modify my LINQ query, it is also very fast.
Do you have an idea what I can try to find the source of the problem and why there is a difference between executing the query directly or from Entity Framework ?

A: *

*Enable dbMonitor and specify SQL generated by EF provider.

*Check the Parameters window in dbMonitor and make sure that the datatypes of parameters used in WHERE condition are the same as the datatypes of the corresponding columns.

*Tell us the version and edition of your Oracle Server.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Symbols were also used in Soviet art to convey hidden political messages. Because the state heavily censored art and media, artists often had to be subtle in their criticism of the government and its policies. By using symbols, artists were able to convey their messages in a way that was not immediately obvious to viewers, while avoiding government censorship.
Almost every Soviet propaganda poster features at least one symbol - whether hidden or in plain sight. Here are five famous symbols and their meanings:
1. Hammer and Sickle
The hammer and sickle represents the unity of the peasantry (sickle) and the working class (hammer). Combined, they represent the idea that all workers are united in their struggle for a better future. The hammer and sickle is often depicted in red, the colour of communism, and it is often surrounded by a wreath of wheat, symbolising abundance and prosperity.
2. State Quality Mark
The quality mark in the Soviet Union was a symbol that indicated that a product met certain quality standards set by the government. The symbol is the letter K (from Russian word Kachestvo) rotated on its side to look like a set of scales holding up the letters for the USSR (CCCP). It was used on a wide range of products to promote the idea that Soviet products were of high quality and could be trusted by consumers. The mark was also used to distinguish Soviet products from foreign products and to promote their supposed superiority.
3. The Bear
The bear is a national symbol of Russia and is associated with strength, power, and resilience. In Soviet propaganda, the bear was often depicted as a strong and mighty animal that protected the Soviet Union and its people from threats. It was also used to represent the Soviet people and their unity. But, bears in CYRK posters are often seen riding bikes or balancing on balls – symbolic shorthand critical of the USSR's clumsy attempts at world domination. Soviet artists were creative and subtle in their criticism of the government and its policies, while still conveying the core principles of communism.
4. The Five Pointed Red Star
Each point of the star represents one of the five pillars of communism: the working class, the peasantry, the urban petite bourgeoisie, the national bourgeoisie, and the intelligentsia. Its colour represents the blood of workers who died for the cause of communism, and their revolutionary spirit. The star was depicted on posters, and was also displayed on state flags and emblems.
5. Lenin's Face
Lenin was a key figure in the Russian Revolution and his image was used to promote communist ideology and to venerate him as a national hero. In Soviet propaganda, Lenin was often depicted as a strong and wise leader, guiding the Soviet people towards a brighter future. His image was used to inspire loyalty and devotion to the communist cause and to promote the idea that the Soviet Union was on the right path.
These symbols are visual representations of the ideas and principles that were central to the Soviet state. Their meanings give us insight into how the government used art to promote its ideology and shape public opinion. Browse our collection of vintage soviet posters here.
Sketch for Propaganda Poster 5 | Russia | 1980s£250.00
12th April -The First Great Step of Humankind into Space - Triptych | Russia | 1989£2,500.00
Where to Buy Original Soviet Art
Soviet art tells the stories of humanity. Russian artist, Kandinsky, said that "each period of culture produces an art of its own which can never be repeated." Through art, it becomes possible to chart the events that shaped and defined the USSR - from the Boshivak revolution, to the rise of Stalin, and finally the fall of the USSR. The bold colours of Soviet propaganda posters along with their increasing rarity, make them a sought-after collectors item.
The Definitive History of the Soviet Propaganda Poster
The Soviet Union used propaganda as a vehicle to disseminate communist ideology, promote the goals of the Communist Party and their own world view. After the Russian Revolution in 1918, the transformation of the Russian Empire into a socialist utopia required the retelling of history, the present and the future. Soviet propaganda posters have always kept pace with the times, and their legacy is intertwined with the rise and fall of the Soviet Union.


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Cloudflare Criticizes Verizon Over Internet Outage
Glen Jones
Visa, Inc.
Mitch Parker
Indiana University Health System
Clyde Langley
Robert Schwentker
Blockchain University
Cyber Self-Defense, Addressing Escalating Attacks through New Partnerships
Philip Reitinger •
Addressing Security in Emerging Technologies
Brian Linder •
The Internet of Absolutely Everything, Connected Medical Devices and BYOD - Securing the Information They Access and the Information They Can Leak
Stephen L. Grimes •
ID Fraud: New Accounts Most at Risk
Annual Study Says Fraud Incidents More Expensive, Elusive Tracy Kitten (FraudBlogger) • February 8, 2011
The latest consumer fraud trends suggest that financial institutions must provide increasing leadership in the fight against identity-related fraud.
According to new findings from Javelin Strategy & Research, consumers and law enforcement alike now turn to banks and credit unions for more sophisticated detection and prevention when it comes to the misuse of stolen identities to open new accounts.
In its annual Identity Fraud Survey report, Javelin finds that losses from new account fraud far exceed those associated with other types of ID fraud. Moreover, new account fraud is harder to detect.
"I think the weight of solving the problem will ultimately fall on the banks, because the criminals go where the money is. Criminals don't make money in identity fraud unless they turn it into cash," says James Van Dyke, president and founder of Javelin. "That's why it's important for banks to keep up-to-date on all of the types of fraud that are out there."
While Javelin finds that the number of ID fraud incidents dropped 28 percent from 2009, when ID fraud reached an all-time high, in 2010 the expense associated with recovering from ID fraud increased 66 percent.
"There were fewer incidents, but more out-of-pocket costs," Van Dyke says. And despite a year-over-year dip in overall financial losses associated with ID fraud, going from $55 billion in 2009 to $37 billion in 2010, increases in new account fraud are alarming.
New Account Fraud
"We see more fraudulent transactions in new account fraud, or what many in the industry call identity theft," Van Dyke says. "Part of that is friendly fraud -- criminals preying on friends and family members."
Javelin's research also reveals a higher percentage of older Americans who have made themselves vulnerable by exposing too much information on social networking sites. "Those are the things that accounted for growth," he says.
The most damaging piece of the new account fraud story is that the fraud takes longer to detect. Javelin finds that, on average, incidents of ID fraud take 12 hours longer to identify than they did in 2009.
More Consumer Accountability
According to The Faces of Fraud Survey, which BankInfoSecurity.com and CUInfoSecurity.com released in January, cross-channel fraud detection is a problem for banks and credit unions. In that survey, 55 percent of the institutions that responded say they continue to rely on manual fraud detection techniques. Only 26 percent say they have a plan or team in place for cross-channel detection.
"Lacking fraud detection is one challenge," Van Dyke says. "It's difficult for banks to stay on top of all of the accounts and provide individuals with the information and controls they need to monitor all of those accounts themselves."
Van Dyke says he sees opportunity for banks to give consumers more control and responsibility.
Most consumers want real-time account alerts. But they don't really understand how to properly set real-time controls, and that has created blind-spots for criminals to exploit. "The banks are doing all this great stuff on the back-end, and then you have all of these things that consumers are using, like text alerts; but we don't see good integration between consumer protection and bank protection," Van Dyke says. That is expected to change.
Steve Schwartz, executive vice president of Consumer Services for Intersections, which partnered with Javelin for the study, says consumers will be asked to bear more responsibility. They have to, he says. "You can't actually prevent identity theft," Schwartz says. "There is so much information out there, it's almost impossible to prevent. But you can protect yourself."
Schwartz says ID fraud prevention requires a partnership between the financial institution and the consumer. The proliferation of malware and phishing attacks has mandated consumer responsibility, he says. "I think a lot of the advertising around zero liability has led to a mindset of zero accountability. I think we, as consumers, have a responsibility to protect our information."
Don't miss the podcast with Javelin about the report.
Legislation & Litigation
Tips on Detecting Medical ID Theft
Feds to Require PIV to Access Data, Facilities
Tracy Kitten
Director of Global Events Content and Executive Editor, BankInfoSecurity & CUInfoSecurity
A veteran journalist with more than 20 years' experience, Kitten has covered the financial sector for the last 13 years. Before joining Information Security Media Group in 2010, where she now serves as director of global events content and executive editor of BankInfoSecurity and CUInfoSecurity, she covered the financial self-service industry as the senior editor of ATMmarketplace, part of Networld Media. Kitten has been a regular speaker at domestic and international conferences, and was the keynote at ATMIA's U.S. and Canadian conferences in 2009. She has been quoted by CNN.com, ABC News, Bankrate.com and MSN Money.
Phishing Campaign Tied to Amazon Prime Day
The New Threat Intelligence
The Evolution of Automated, Active Attacks
The Growing Threat Landscape in 2018
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Vacations in China are synonymous with heritage sites, idyllic locations, exotic cuisines and unforgettable adventures. That's how we ideally like to remember China. When it comes to personal data, however, being vigilant and cautious when traveling to China is equally important as it can save you a world of trouble.
Statistically, China ranks poorly when it comes to data security. It is also one of the top 15 countries where cyber-attacks originate. These attacks commonly target smartphones, laptops, iPads and any other portable handheld device that stores valuable personal data.
In case it hasn't occurred to you, portable handheld devices like smartphones are actually an extension of your very identity – they store an array of valuable data such as your contacts, messages, pictures, videos, social media and email accounts, personal information, and even your credit card information.
One in every four smartphone user doesn't password-protect their device. When traveling to a high-risk country like China where data theft is rampant, it is imperative that you secure your personal information, accounts and credit card details. One effective way to do this is by using a password manager.
A password manager like Lastpass or Passpack is your first line of defense against hacking. It not only manages your passwords but also protects them with advanced two-factor authentication protocols. Some of the additional benefits of Lastpass include increased password iterations, geo-restricted logins and security notifications.
It is common for apps to keep a tab on you by collecting information pertaining to your location. Although it can be useful at times, keeping location-tracking on all the time can be risky. This is especially true about geo-tracking social media apps as they practically share your location with the whole world. Hence, with geo-tracking turned off, it's that much harder for cyber-criminals to track your location.
If you keep your Wi-Fi on at all times, it may automatically piggyback on any public Wi-Fi within range without even prompting you. Understandably, this makes your device highly susceptible to hacking. Therefore, make sure you switch off both your Wi-Fi and Bluetooth so that your device is less likely to connect to untrusted Wi-Fi networks or devices.
If, however, you need to connect to a Wi-Fi then we suggest you use a VPN to protect and secure your connection. We would recommend you to use a VPN for China that has advanced encryption protocols along with an array of additional security options to stay secure, protected and anonymous when using unsecured public Wi-Fi hotspots.
When you log on to websites using standard tabs, your browser will save a lot of information such as caches and other temp files. On suspicious websites, malicious files can be disguised as cache and temp file and these can then be transferred and saved to your phone.
It doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out that this may compromise the security of your personal data. Using incognito tab is therefore essential as it blocks sites from saving cache and temp files on your smartphone.
And while you're at it, you might also want to look into Tor browsers and VPNs. These can completely vanish your digital footprints and you'll be totally untraceable and you can't be hacked when you can't be seen.
Updating the software on your smartphone is more important than you would like to think. Software updates not only bring user-friendliness to the UI but also update security patches and virus definitions to increase your phone's immunity to hack attacks. And while you're at it, clean up your smartphone by deleting old apps that are of little use to you. It is common for apps to track your location and collect data so the less apps on your phone, the better. Make sure you delete any apps that you do not frequently use.
Remember NOT to visit any suspicious websites or click on any links that are not relevant to you. Click-baiting is common, even on some of the most popular websites and clicking on a suspicious link may drastically increase the chances of compromising the security of your private information.
The rule applies also to emails that look suspicious. If you do not know the sender, make sure you DO NOT open the email. You should do the same with "promotional" emails that request you to click on a provided link to avail a discount or free prize of some sort.
Clicking on suspicious links using your smartphone will seriously undermine your security protocols and render your phone susceptible to online threats. So simply stay away from them.
Platforms, the likes of AOL, Google, Outlook and Yahoo mail are already armed to the teeth in terms of mail security, but when your data is as precious as your life, incorporating a handful of insurance policies shouldn't really feel like a daunting job.
Remember, being forewarned is being forearmed so make sure you are vigilant and wary of the security risks that you'll face when you're traveling to China or anywhere abroad for that matter. If you follow these 7 essential tips, your smartphone will be safe from an array of online threats like hacking, malware, spyware and trojans just to name a few.
This is a guest post by Brad Haddin.


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Friedrich Ludwig Georg von Raumer (ur. 14 maja 1781 w Wörlitz, zm. 14 czerwca 1873 w Berlinie) – niemiecki prawnik, historyk, publicysta, polityk; nauczyciel i wykładowca akademicki związany z uniwersytetami we Wrocławiu i Berlinie.

Życiorys

Wczesne lata życia
Urodził się w 1781 roku w Wörlitz w Księstwie Anhalt-Dessau jako syn Georga Friedricha von Raumera (1755–1822), lokalnego urzędnika państwowego oraz jego żony Charlotty z domu Marées aus Raguhn (1761–1811). Jego bratem był znany geolog i geograf Karl Georg von Raumer. Uczęszczał do berlińskiego Joachimsthalsches Gymnasium, gdzie zdał maturę. Następnie studiował prawo, administrację i historię na Georg-August-Universität w Getyndze oraz Friedrichs-Universität w Halle.

Po ukończeniu studiów w 1801 roku został referentem, a następnie asesorem rządowym w 1804 roku przy kurmarchijskiej kamerze rządowej. Od sierpnia 1806 do maja 1809 roku pełnił funkcję kierownika jednego z departamentów kamery dominialnej w Königs Wusterhausen.

W 1809 roku przeniósł się do Poczdamu, zostając członkiem Rady Rządowej. Rok później za sprawą Karla vom Steina zum Altensteina został urzędnikiem Ministerstwa Finansów. Następnie wchodził w skład gabinetu premiera Prus Karla Augusta von Hardenberga. Towarzyszył mu w kilku podróżach zagranicznych. Ze względu na swoje liberalno-reformatorskie poglądy z czasem popadł w konflikt z rządowymi urzędnikami przez co zrezygnował z dalszej działalności rządowej.

Działalność uniwersytecka we Wrocławiu
W 1811 roku uzyskał stopień naukowy doktora nauk humanistycznych na Ruprecht-Karls-Universität w Heidelbergu. W tym samym roku przeprowadził się do Wrocławia obejmując stanowisko nauczyciela akademickiego na nowo powstałym Królewskim Uniwersytecie Wrocławskim powstałym z połączenia Uniwersytetu Viadrina we Frankfurcie nad Odrą z wrocławską Akademią Leopoldyńską. Wykładał tam nauki polityczne oraz historię. W latach 1818–1819 oraz 1842-1843 piastował urząd rektora tamtejszej uczelni. W międzyczasie odbył liczne podróże naukowe na terenie Niemiec, Szwajcarii i do Włoch.

Praca naukowa w Berlinie
W 1819 roku przeniósł się na Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität w Berlinie, będąc jego rektorem w latach 1822–1823 i 1842-1843 (jednocześnie był rektorem uczelni wrocławskiej). Ponadto czterokrotnie pełnił funkcję dziekana Wydziału Filozoficznego na tej uczelni. Odbył kilka podróży zagranicznych do: Francji (1830), Wielkiej Brytanii (1835), Włoch (1839), Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki Północnej (1844). Rezultaty tych podróży zostały opublikowane w jego pracach naukowych. W 1853 roku oficjalnie przeszedł na emeryturę. Przez pewien czas był sekretarzem Pruskiej Akademii Nauk.

Działalność polityczna
W 1848 roku został wybrany posłem do Parlamentu Frankfurckiego, gdzie należał do frakcji centroprawicowej, która zaproponowała zjednoczenie Niemiec pod zwierzchnictwem Prus. Został wysłany do Paryża jako ambasador przez arcyksięcia regenta Jana Habsburga-Lotaryńskiego. Stał także na czele delegacji udającej się do króla Prus Fryderyka Wilhelma IV Hohenzollerna i oferującej mu koronę cesarską zjednoczonych Niemiec. Po rozwiązaniu Frankfurckiego Zgromadzenia Narodowego wrócił do Berlina, gdzie został członkiem izby wyższej pruskiego parlamentu – Izby Panów.

Zmarł w Berlinie w 1873 roku i został pochowany na cmentarzu w dzielnicy Kreuzberg.

Dorobek naukowy

W swojej działalności naukowej specjalizował się w naukach z pogranicza historii, prawa, administracji oraz nauk politycznych. Za jego najważniejsze dzieło uchodzą: Geschichte der Hohenstaufen und ihrer Zeit (1823–25) i Geschichte Europas seit dem Ende des 15ten Jahrhunderts (1832–50). Jego pierwszą pracą opublikowaną anonimowo w 1806 roku była publikacja pt. Sechs Dialoge über Krieg und Handel. Do jego pozostałych prac należą:
 Das britische Besteuerungssystem, 1810.
 Handbuch merkwürdiger Stellen aus den lateinischen Geschichtschreibern des Mittelalters, 1813.
 Herbstreise nach Venedig, 1816.
 Vorlesungen über die alte Geschichte, 1821.
 Über die geschichtliche Entwickelung der Begriffe von Recht, Staat und Politik, 1826
 Über die preußische Städteordnung, 1828.
 Briefe aus Paris zur Erläuterung der Geschichte des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts, 1831.
 Geschichte Europas seit dem Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts, 1832–1850.
 Beiträge zur neuern Geschichte aus dem Britischen Museum und Reichsarchiv, 1836–1839.
 Die Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika, 1845.
 Briefe aus Frankfurt und Paris 1848–1849, 1849.
 Historisch-politische Briefe über die geselligen Verhältnisse der Menschen, 1860.
 Lebenserinnerungen und Briefwechsel, 1861.
 Handbuch zur Geschichte der Litteratur, 1864-1866.
 Litterarischer Nachlaß, 1869.

W 1830 roku Friedrich von Raumer rozpoczął wydawanie serii Historisches Taschenbuch razem z F. A. Brockhausem, która po 1871 roku była kontynuowana przez Wilhelma Heinricha Riehla.

Był członkiem następujących towarzystw naukowych:
 Bawarskiej Akademii Nauk (1830)
 Królewskiej Szwedzkiej Akademii Nauk
 Akademii Nauk w Turynie
 Akademii Nauk w Glasgow
 Towarzystwa Królewskiego
 Germańskiego Muzeum Narodowego (honorowy członek, 1857)

Za swoją działalność naukową otrzymał w 1853 roku Bawarski Order Maksymiliana za Zasługi dla Nauki i Sztuki, a w 1863 roku Pour le Mérite za Naukę i Sztukę.

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Raumer, Friedrich Ludwig Georg von, [w: "Encyclopedia Americana", 1920.]
 Raumer, Friedrich Ludwig Georg von, [w: "New International Encyclopedia", 1905.]
 Raumer, Friedrich Ludwig Georg von, [w: "Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography", 1900.]
 Chisholm Raumer, Friedrich Ludwig Georg von, [w: "Encyclopædia Britannica", pod red. H. Chisholma, Cambridge 1911.]
  "Neue Deutsche Biographie", t. 21, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2003, s. 201 f.].
 Wegele von, F. X., Raumer, Friedrich Ludwig Georg von, [w: "Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie", t. 27, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1888, s. 403–414.]

Linki zewnętrzne
 Friedrich von Raumer – dzieła w bibliotece Polona

Absolwenci i studenci Uniwersytetu w Getyndze
Członkowie Bawarskiej Akademii Nauk
Wykładowcy Uniwersytetu Humboldtów w Berlinie
Niemieccy historycy
Niemieccy politycy
Rektorzy Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Niemieccy dyplomaci
Urodzeni w 1781
Zmarli w 1873
Odznaczeni cywilnym Orderem Pour le Mérite
Odznaczeni Orderem Maksymiliana

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Campaign Chronicles
Democratic Debate Night with Steve Bullock, the Last Governor in the Presidential Race
By Eren Orbey
Steve Bullock, whose Presidential bid is centered on a pledge to reform campaign finance, did not secure enough individual donors to qualify for the debate.
Photograph by Stephen Maturen / Getty
Of all the Presidential hopefuls who have promised to oust Donald Trump in 2020, Steve Bullock, the governor of Montana, has perhaps the most compelling electoral record. In 2016, he was the only Democratic governor to be reëlected in a red state, winning by four points among Montanans, who had voted overwhelmingly for Trump. His bid is centered on a pledge to reform campaign finance, and, at stops in Iowa, he routinely touts his history of working with a Rebublican-led legislature in his home state to curb dark-money contributions. And yet, Bullock, the last governor left in the race, failed to secure the necessary number of individual donors to qualify for Thursday's Democratic debate. Like a number of his fellow-candidates, he has criticized the Democratic National Committee's qualification criteria, which, for at least a night, winnowed the Democratic field to ten. Last month, the billionaire philanthropist Tom Steyer, who has spent millions of dollars of his own money on advertisements, announced that he had received enough individual donations to qualify for the next round of Democratic debates, in October. A number of candidates expressed dismay, but the most vocal was Bullock, who appeared on television to criticize the lingering influence of money in politics. He conceded that the D.N.C.'s rule was well intentioned, but, he added, "what it really has done is allow a billionaire to buy a spot on the debate stage."
On Thursday night, as his fellow-candidates stood behind their lecterns in Houston, Texas, Bullock sat at the corner of a glossy wooden bar at the Continental Lounge, a gastropub in Des Moines. The governor was in good spirits, hunched over a glass of Coke, with his right sleeve rolled up and his cowboy boots planted on the base of his stool. "I'd rather be on the debate stage," he told me. "But I don't think being on the debate stage is going to define what the first week of February looks like." Earlier that day, in Clive, Bullock had attended a meet-and-greet hosted by the wife of Iowa's former governor, Tom Vilsack. By his side at the Continental sat Tom Miller, the attorney general of Iowa and an old friend, who endorsed Bullock in May. (Miller, Bullock also noted, was one of the first state officials outside of Illinois to back Barack Obama in 2007.) They both ordered bacon cheeseburger flatbreads, which arrived, garnished with pickles, on marbled slabs of wood. Bullock, who had also ordered a refill of soda, looked surprised when the bartender arrived bearing tumblers of Bulleit bourbon.
"This is brought to you by the Gillibrand team," the bartender said, gesturing to his left. A few former staffers of Senator Kirsten Gillibrand, of New York, who withdrew her candidacy last week, waved.
"I guess we have to drink, then," Bullock said, raising his glass.
"To a fair shot," one of his staffers offered, toasting to their campaign's slogan.
During the debate, Bullock offered wry, knowing nods on several occasions, as when Andrew Yang unveiled plans to extend his signature "freedom dividend" to ten American families. "So he's getting names by offering twelve thousand dollars?" Bullock said, pulling up Yang's Web site on his iPhone. (As he predicted, it displayed a prominent banner for the candidate's giveaway above a registration form.) Later, the New Jersey senator Cory Booker's criticism of Trump's foreign policy—"Trump's America first policy is actually an America isolated, an America alone policy"—sounded startlingly familiar. "He took my line!" Bullock joked. "C'mon, Booker." He chuckled at Minnesota senator Amy Klobuchar's zinger on Medicare for All—"While Bernie wrote the bill," she said, "I read the bill"—and also seemed to appreciate her opening: "Houston, we have a problem." ("That's not bad," he said.) When the first commercial break arrived, ninety minutes in, Bullock glanced at his watch. He expressed a sort of empathy for the candidates when I mentioned that the entire program would include only two breaks. "In three hours?" Bullock asked, shaking his head at the thought of "how much you'd sweat—every break they put more shit on your face." The onslaught of makeup, he told me, is "one of the most humiliating parts of running for office."
The bar was loud, and the owners had enabled closed-captioning on the debate channel. Still, it was difficult to tell—without consulting Twitter, as a few of Bullock's staffers did—who was carrying the night. Bullock characterized the debates as somewhat "disconnected from people's lives." "I don't know that any of these debates are helpful to voters," he said, using his fingers to scoop a few ice cubes from his empty soda glass into his tumbler. "It really is more about gotcha moments." He added, "Never before in our history has the D.N.C. been trying to decide who the voices should be going forward." At the same time, Bullock said, his visits to early-voting states made him question whether anyone besides voters could winnow the field. "I find people are a long way from really making these decisions. Even as you're all following on Twitter, voters are, like, 'All right, who won? Or does it matter?' " People, he added, didn't necessarily want to "see all that."
Neither, apparently, did the staffers. Not long after the break, Bullock's team, which had been exchanging jokes over plates of bruschetta, poutine, and avocado egg rolls, closed their tab and moved across the street to Up-Down, an arcade bar outfitted with retro video games. The basement was bathed in red and green lighting. Not a single screen showed the debates, but a wrestling match was on, as was a Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movie. The Bullock team scattered to play at Skee-Ball, Jenga Giant, and Mario Kart. Bullock, a father of three, settled in with an expert's stance at Donkey Kong—his favorite—hinging at the hips and grabbing the joystick with his left hand. It didn't take long for him to post the machine's new high score.
At a quarter to ten, as the debate was wrapping up, Bullock left his can of Bud Light at the bar and lumbered up the stairs. His staffers had been trading text messages with their colleagues at the headquarters to hone a statement on the night's events. Outside, sirens blared. A gaggle of twentysomethings tumbled out of a Jeep, took a glance at a Maserati parked behind them, and asked if it was Bullock's. "No," the governor said.
Bullock found a stretch of block with a nondescript background and recited his statement for one of the staffers to record. It took a few takes to perfect—drunken passersby kept stumbling through the frame—but Bullock persisted, criticizing the influence of money in politics, noting his own record, and pointing out that none of the candidates who qualified over him had once broached the subject of fighting dark money. "There wasn't even one question asked about that in three hours of debate," he said. "If we want to get anything done, we need to start by getting the corrupting influence of money out of our elections. This is the fight of our time, and it's been the fight of my career—and I'm going to keep fighting until we win."
Eren Orbey has contributed to The New Yorker since 2016.
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Translating the Meaning of Presidential-Campaign Songs
From Dolly Parton's "9 to 5" to Lil Nas X's "Old Town Road," the staff writer Amanda Petrusich deciphers the Presidential-campaign songs of the 2020 race.
Joe Biden at the Third Democratic Debate: the Good, the Bad, and the Record Player
If the former Vice-President's performance marked an improvement from the earlier debates, it also surely benefitted from diminished expectations.
Where Was Mayor Pete Buttigieg at the Democratic Debate?
It's not that he was absent from the night entirely, but it was hard to see the Buttigieg who had risen to the cusp of front-runner status in the 2020 field.
By Eric Lach