The Museum collection includes a Tudhope Anderson horse mower which was donated to the Museum in the early 1960s.
Tudhope Anderson was a farm equipment manufacturer located in Orillia, Ontario. As well as manufacturing equipment,Tudhope Anderson also represented other North American equipment manufacturers in Western Canada. These companies included International Harvester and the Indiana Road Machinery Company.
Tudhope Anderson had its beginning in 1954 when William Tudhope set up a shop in Jarret, Ontario where he made iron hardware such as wagon parts. He then moved to Orillia where he opened a blacksmith and wheelwright shop. In 1990 William was joined by his five sons and they formed the Tudhope Carriage Company.
In 1902 one of the sons, J. B. Tudhope, formed the Tudhope Anderson Company with Harry Anderson.
Harry Anderson had immigrated to Canada in 1880, studied at the Ontario Agricultural College and took a homestead at Oak River, Manitoba in 1882. When the North West Rebellion broke out in 1885 he joined the 91th Battalion. After he mustered out he became involved in the farm machinery business in Manitoba with the John Elliot and Son Company and then with the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company. He formed a partnership in 1889 with J. Bryan to act as agents for various manufacturers in Western Canada. The companies included the Emerson Company, Tudhope Carriage Co. and the Chatham Company. He then formed Tudhope Anderson with J. B. Tudhope and acted as the manager for Tudhope Anderson's Western Canadian operations.
The Tudhope Anderson Company manufactured simple machinery like the horse mower in the Museum collection and distributed other manufacturers equipment. In 1911, Tudhope Anderson took over the manufacturing facilities of the Sylvester Company of Lindsay, Ontario after Sylvester encountered financial difficulties developing the "AutoHarvester." Sylvester manufactured seed drill, grain binders, pumps, cultivators and gas engines. Sylvester managed to retain the gas engine part of their business.
Just when Tudhope Anderson wrapped up is not clear. There is some suggestion the Company suspended manufacturing in the early 1920s. In 1930s a company called OTACO (Orillia Tudhope Anderson Company) appeared and began manufacturing the Auto-Trac kit which converted a car into a tractor plus farm wagons and sleighs. With the advent of the Second World War, the Otaco plant was converted to war production and made aircraft landing gear. In 1948, Otaco obtained the license to from International Nickel to produce Ductalloy castings. While producing casting for other manufacturers, Otaco produced the Gold Tip plow share which it sold to farmers. Otaco was sold in the 1960s with the American owners finally closing the company in 1990.
The Tudhope Carriage Company was never part of Tudhope Anderson. This company was one of the first Canadian automobile manufacturers building the Everett 30 which later became known as the Tudhope. When the First World War started, the car plant was converted to war production and car manufacture never resumed after the war. Tudhope became involved in manufacturing specialty metal shapes. The Tudhope Carriage Company was wound up in the 1960s.


text:
Our U11 girls team. Left to right : Amelia Peeke, Lily-Mae Pagan, Lois Ford, Ava Sheppard, Marijke Tear-Verweij, Annie Silvers and the race winner Tessa Parkin.
The U13 boys team. Left to Right : Joe Lewis, Henry Wheeler, James Day, Seb Hillard, Alex McMillan, William Mayes and Hugh Markham.
It's been a busier week this week.
Once again our junior XC runners excelled. Despite the absence of two key runners due to injury and another top runner being injured during the race and not being able to finish, the 63 team members earned the right to go in to the final fixture of the season a mere 18 points off top spot, having accumulated 18631 points against Wolverhampton and Bilston's 18649. Birchfield Harriers are in 3rd place on 18436 points. It could hardly be closer. The final fixture is the 9th February on Wolverhampton's and Bilston's home patch. Down to the wire !
Elsewhere our Senior and Masters male and female XC teams did us proud, battling the elements. Ferguson Allison enters the new year in fine form following a prolonged period of injury. Drew Sambridge and Rob Minton were in excellent form in Anglesey and finally, four of our intrepid runners competed in the Fladbury Festive 5.
The U15 boys team. Left to right : Theo Skirvin, Taylor Stubbins, Caleb Spriggs, Adam Taylor, Alex Adams, Tom Francioni and Ed Holcroft.
Our 3 race winners, from the top : Georgie Campbell, Alex Adams and Tessa Parkin.
One of the performances of the day was by Marijke Tear-Verweij
West Midland Young Athletes' Cross Country League.
Report – Dave Parkin
Our junior XC runners secured three individual victories in the West Midlands Cross Country League at Nuneaton, a first for the club.
The course was being used for the first time since 2014 and it presented a significant technical challenge for our young athletes – heavy mud, tight corners, minimal overtaking spots and short, sharp climbs.
We were able to field full teams in all eight races with individual wins for Georgie Campbell (U17W), Alex Adams (U15B) and Tessa Parkin (U11G).
Sixty-three athletes participated for Stratford and the club finished 3rd on the day. We now sit in 2ndposition in the league with 18,631 points, just 18 points behind rivals Wolverhampton and Bilston going into the final race in February.
The U17 women's team were weakened by the loss of Ellen Taylor, but fielded a full team nonetheless. Georgie Campbell (1st, 15:50) led from the start and eventually won by a dominant 40 seconds from Louise Hackett of Wolverhampton & Bilston, the biggest winning margin of the day. Gigi Thomas (20th, 18:53) ran very well and secured her highest position of the season and Charlotte Gravelsons (42nd, 23:00) completed the team and the scoring positions.
Maxime Verstraeten (10th, 08:15) has battled illness for much of the Christmas period, but had a solid return to racing, starting well and holding his position throughout the U11 boys' race. Verstraeten now sits fifth in the league. Joshua Davies (26th, 08:52) had another consistent run, followed closely by Samuel Plumb (34th, 09:04) who achieved his best result to date. Aran Cooper (41st, 09:17) led in a flurry of yellow and black Stratford vests, with Harry Francioni (50th, 09:28), Arthur Mansbridge (54th, 09:31) and Alfie Musk (55th, 09:31) close on his heels. Josh Harrison (64th, 09:44), Henry Sims (77th, 09:54) and Ewan Sparrow (96th, 10:24) completed the team.
The returning James Mucklow (16th, 19:20) added strength to the U17 men's squad. Looking powerful and in control throughout the race, Mucklow will be pleased with another solid top twenty finish. Tom Crowfoot (19th, 19:29) and Will Crowfoot (21st, 19:37) worked hard together for much of the race before Tom pulled away in the final lap. There was a strong Stratford contingent in the middle of the race, with Cameron Thomas (28th, 20:03), Josh Dobedoe (31st, 20:31) and Ned Campbell (34th, 20:49) particularly catching the eye as they made solid inroads up the field. Joel Watson (36th, 21.10) ran well and Fin Hutchinson (38th, 21:49) had a positive outing and a strong finish, and Thomas Mayes (40th, 22:15), Cameron Black (41st, 22:18) and Harry Gravelsons (48th, 25:05) put in good performances to make up the team.
In a fast, bunched start to the U11 girls, Annie Silvers took a tumble, and, despite running valiantly for much of the race, wasn't able to finish. Tessa Parkin (1st, 08:05) running comfortably in second position, and again choosing her tactics carefully, accelerated into first off the top of the last climb to secure her second successive win. Overall performance of the day goes to Marijke Tear-Verweij (9th, 08:38) who was combative throughout to secure her best ever league position. Lois Ford (31st, 09:24) struggled at the start to find her position, but continues to have an excellent debut season. Amelia Peeke (44th, 09:52) ran brilliantly, particularly given that she ran almost the entire race with one shoe, and the team was completed by Ava Sheppard (51st, 10:03) and Lily-Mai Pagan (78th, 12:13).
Alex Adams (1st, 12:17) won the U15 boys' race by a considerable margin, leading from the start and giving him an unprecedented 17th successive league win. Theo Skirvin (20th, 13:30) had a great race, full of heart, to give him a first top twenty position of the season. Taylor Stubbins (34th, 14:04), Adam Taylor (38th, 14:06), Caleb Spriggs (40th, 14:09), Tom Francioni (42nd, 14:14) and Edward Holcroft (54th, 14:53) were well bunched in the middle of the field, with special mention due to Spriggs for his explosive finish.
In the U13 girls' race, Stratford were weakened by injury to County Champion Niamh Hillard, but Maddie Linfoot (9th, 10:34) had a consistently strong race, finishing in the top ten for the second outing in succession. Abbi Cooper (22nd, 10:56) ran the first lap in close formation with Caitlin Boyle (34th, 11:20) before Boyle slipped back and a persevering Maisie-Joy Spriggs (28th, 11:01) moved impressively up the field. Tilly Campbell (47th, 11:38) improved again for her best performance of the season and worked hard throughout alongside Emma Francioni (48th, 11:40). Lucy Thomas (52nd, 11:46), Martha Peters (55th, 11:50), Martina Grace ( 69th, 12.16) Ella Peeke (78th, 12:48), Katie Pridham (85th, 13:37) and Ruby Edwards (86th, 13:42) completed the Stratford team.
The U13 boys had a tough day, with several athletes struggling to get through the congested pack in the first half of the race. James Day (34th, 10:44) was first home for the team, with William Mayes (38th, 10:46) chasing hard, but not quite able to reel him in. Seb Hillard (46th, 11:09), Joe Lewis (52nd, 11:14) and Henry Wheeler (60th, 11:28) made up the scoring positions. Alex McMillan (69th, 11:43), in his first outing of the season, and Hugh Markham (85th, 12:39) comprised the remainder of the team.
The U15 girls were led home by another fine performance from Charlotte Marshall (2nd, 14:09), her best placing of the year, and sufficient to move her into joint first position in the league going into the final race. Olivia Robinson (6th, 14:33) couldn't quite keep with Marshall in the second lap, but this was an excellent run for her second top ten finish of the season. Molly Bullock (41st, 16:33) ran well with a fighting finish for her best place of the year. Abigail Skinner (46th, 16:46) and Holly Newton (53rd, 17:22) made up the scoring positions, with Georgie Pridham (76th, 22:18) completing the team.
In what has become Stratford's best season in recent memory, thanks must go to the officials, coaches and parents who make the league possible.
Our ladies XC team, with a friendly intruder from Leamington.
Stratford's finest – our men's XC team.
Senior Men and Women's Cross Country Race 3.
Report – Paul Hawkins and Tony Jackson.
A late change of venue saw the Senior Men head to Coombe Park for the 3rd fixture of the Birmingham & District XC League (Division 2) season where a relatively flat but muddy and wet parkland course awaited.
Pre race favourite Shaun Evans (Royal Sutton Coldfield) 31mins 30secs was a comfortable winner with 13 intrepid SAC runners behind him giving chase.
It was perhaps no surprise that the first 3 back were Rich Shepherd (17th 34:20), Josh Newman (18th34:26) and Matt Burdus-Cook (31st 35:09) but their finishing positions don't tell the full story of the race.
Not quite back to his best following illness, Josh still went out in typically determined style and whilst he tired slightly towards the end he was always towards the front of the field. In contrast Rich, suffering from a mild chest infection, went out conservatively and it was only when Matt caught and passed him just after half way that he decided to go all out and the result was striking as he made up a dozen places on the last lap, overtaking Josh close to the finish. Matt is in terrific form at the moment and motivated by Rich being in his sights for so long he hung on for another excellent finishing position.
Behind them was an intriguing battle of experience v youth and whilst Tim Hutchinson (54th 36:54) was behind Owain Jones (59th 37:05) for most of the race his relentless pacing finally saw him assert his authority in the latter stages. However, Owain, who finished 6th Junior, can take great credit out of this race which saw a huge improvement in his placing from his previous run and greater experience will undoubtedly see even further improvement.
Completing the A Team was John Raby (95th 38:28) with a very solid run and the overall team score of 275 points resulted in an 8th position of the day and after the 3 races the team maintain their very satisfactory 8th position.
New member Richard Liggatt (118th 39:20) had a good run and he led home the B team with a very promising performance that augurs well for the future. There was a close race for the next 3 positions with team captain Malcolm Bowyer (155th 41:24) reversing the form of recent races to finish ahead of Max Ross ((163rd 41:38) with David Smyth (165th 41:51) always close behind and ensuring that those ahead couldn't ease off.
Ben Twyman (219th 48:37) is always a consistent performer and it was great to see Mike Barrie (225th50:20) tackling the elements and he managed to hold off Phil Marshal (229th 51:21) to complete the B Team scorers. The B Team score of 1045 points meant they finished 10th on the day which means they slip back a couple of places to a still excellent 6th position.
Very worthy of note is that after 3 races in the individual competition Rich Shepherd is in 4th position.
The final race of the league season is on the 8th February at Telford (actual venue tbc).
Meanwhile the Women's team had a longer journey to Park Hall Country Park on the outskirts of Stoke. The course was the complete opposite to the men's as it was very hilly but with excellent drainage the conditions were mostly firm grassland underfoot.
There was a disappointing number of Stratford runners with the team hit by various absences but the seven athletes who made up the team all had strong runs and did the club proud, finishing as 14th team and confirming their place in the top division with a match to spare.
Cadie Hibberd (19th, 29:12) had travelled up from university in Bristol and was delighted with her top 20 position. Cadie had a very fast start to ensure that she was in a good position before the technical parts of the course and held her position throughout.
The next Stratford athlete to finish was Sophie Dobedoe (47th, 31:15) who is in her first season with the team and has been the leading light of the league team since joining. Daisy Musk (80th, 33:51) who has just moved up from the junior team was pleased with her run as she has settled well to become a regular scorer for the club. Yet another newcomer to the team this season is Vicky Sharp (89th, 34:46) who showed her importance by being the final counter for the club. Sarah Vernon (103rd, 37:05) completed the team with her best performance of season so far.
In the Masters competition Amy Hinton (94th, 35:21) found the hills tough but led the team home coming 40th in the separate scoring Master race followed by Liuba Pasa (105th, 37:14, 46th Master) who seems to be thoroughly enjoying her first cross country season in England despite the different weather conditions.
Yvonne Gajny (106th, 37:23, 47th master) showed fantastic commitment to the club having been ill but despite being far from her best made sure Stratford completed a team which finished in 11th place.
The final race of the season for the women's team is at Leamington on 8 February where Stratford should have a better turnout with the relatively local match.
Fergus Allison.
British Milers Club (BMC)
Report – Paul Hawkins.
Fergus Allison has unfortunately had a long period out through injury so it was good to see him racing in two BMC indoor 800m races and looking to race his way back to his best.
The first was at the Lee Valley open where he had a strong race finishing in 2.01.41 despite having to run a lot of it wide in lane 2. Fergus faded a little in the final 300m but was very encouraged by the race.
Four days later the second race was at Sheffield where Fergus was in the D race, which turned out to be an excellent test as he won in 2.01.39 only a hundredth ahead of the second place athlete from Corby. He is now looking forward to a couple of more races before getting back into training for the outdoor season.
Top : Rob Minton and below – Drew Sambridge.
Anglesey Ultra (32 miles) and Half Marathon.
Report – Phil Brennan.
Extreme challenges are nothing new to SAC's adventurous athletes, but even Drew Sambridge and Rob Minton were taken aback by conditions in these two races.
Both courses were described by the organisers as "strenuous" with large stretches following rocky footpaths round the island's mountainous coast, with the carrying of survival kit mandatory.
The half marathon, longer than the standard distance, involved climbs of over 2,000ft, while the ultra challenge had over 3,500ft ascent. Add in rain and gale force winds reaching 60mph and it's obvious why one competitor summed it up as "awful".
Despite this, both Drew and Rob did well, with Drew completing in a brilliant 5th place in 5:51:22. There were 61 starters of whom 12 failed to finish.
Rob was 6th in the more popular half marathon in 2:21:49, another excellent result in an event where merely finishing was an achievement. Just under 100 finished the race.
Lisa Dallisson, Chris Whateley, Jean Hill and Liuba Pasa.
Fladbury Festive 5.
Marking the end of the festive season and the beginning of the New Year, Fladbury in Worcestershire hosts a 5 mile off-road challenge along the banks of the Avon.
Over 150 runners were hardly surprised by the muddy conditions, but the four from Stratford AC managed particularly well.
The overall winner was Jonathan Barnes from Cheltenham, whose time of 34:30 reflected the difficulty of the course.
First in for Stratford was Liuba Pasa, 42nd, 47:21. She was followed by Lisa Dallisson, 55th, 48:35, Chris Whateley, 59th, 49:21, and Jean Hill, 125, 1:00:49.
Lisa was 3rd in her age category, while both Liuba and Chris were first and prize winners in theirs. All four enjoyed the unusual finishers' prizes of tomatoes and socks.
Next week is the start of the club's latest Couch to 5k group.
If you know of any friends or family who would like to take part please pass on the details below to them. The more the merrier.
Let's get Stratford running with Stratford Athletic Club, Couch to 5K
Want to get into Running? Set some new goals for 2020, have a laugh and full support along the way ?
Stratford Athletic club has the perfect running group to help you get started! It's free and the only cost is you time.
The group follows the NHS Couch to 5K running plan. Over 9 weeks we'll build you up to running 5K in one go. The next group starts on Monday 20th January 2020 and there are 3 runs a week to complete. You can join us for all three or you can do one or two in your own time.
The group will meet as follows:
Mondays at Stratford High School by the running track meeting at 6:45pm.
Wednesdays at Stratford Sports Club (near the cricket ground) meeting at 7pm.
Saturday again at the Stratford Sports Club, meeting at 9am.
To find out more information or to sign up please email
robminton@hotmail.co.uk
More photos from the weekend's XC. Dave Parkin takes the juniors XC photos and he says that if anyone would like a high res copy please contact him :
david.parkin1@gmail.com
Harry Francioni and Cameron Thomas.
Henry Sims and Ned Campbell with Josh Dobedoe in hot pursuit.
Annie Silvers and Lois Ford.
Olivia Robinson leads Molly Bullock, Abigail Skinner and Georgia Pridham.
Amelia Peeke and Martina Grace.
Max Verstraeten and Josh Davies
Seb Hillard and Tom Francioni.
James Mucklow and James Day.
Kate Pridham and Ruby Edwards.
Theo Skirvin and AdamTaylor.
Will and Tom Crowfoot.
Martha Peters and Maddie Linfoot.
Alex McMillan. Cameron Black being pursued by Fin Hutchinson.
Gigi Thomas.
Charlotte Gravelsons. Henry Wheeler with Seb Hillard in pursuit.
Charley Marshall on her way to a 2nd place finish.
Joel Watson and Sam Plumb
Thomas Mayes and Aran Cooper.
Emma Francioni.
Left : Abbi Cooper leads Caitlin Boyle and right – Emma Francioni leads Tilly Campbell and Lucy Thomas.
Caleb Spriggs sprints for the finishing line.
Vicky Sharp and Caddie Hibberd.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Will Amazon's new NYC headquarters tempt Lehigh Valley locals into the world's worst commute?
By Daniel Patrick Sheehan
Of The Morning Call |
So you want to commute to Amazon's new headquarters in New York City? Are you absolutely, positively certain? (The Morning Call/ File photo)
The Associated Press reports that Amazon plans split its new headquarters between Crystal City in Virginia and Long Island City, N.Y., which is just across the East River from Manhattan.
According to 2015 data from the Census Bureau's Center for Economic Studies, nearly 3,300 Lehigh Valley residents work in New York. Will the presence of the online retail behemoth's headquarters tempt more of us into one of the world's worst commutes?
A few considerations:
Distance from Allentown to Long Island City: 100.2 miles. According to Google, that would make the commute by car on I-78 roughly 2 hours and 41 minutes, assuming there are no excessive delays. There are always excessive delays.
Be sure and calculate the cost of tolls — $15 for the Holland Tunnel, for example — and gas, which is about $2.70 a gallon now. By 2020, the anticipated opening date, both costs may be a few pennies higher.
[More News] Police say woman drove into oncoming car as test of faith »
Also, add in wear and tear on the car and the cost of essential oils, scented candles and other stress-reducers.
Distance from Allentown to Crystal City: 192.2 miles via I-476 and I-95. That would be about 3.5 hours, a commute that could only tempt a masochist.
Mass transit: Buses, of course. There is no direct train service from the Lehigh Valley to Manhattan, despite the decades-long pleas of a desperate populace.
The bus to the train: Sure, but consider this, from CNBC: "The 7 train, the subway line that runs through much of Queens, is already straining to service the influx of new residents in the Long Island City area. That would only get worse with 25,000 Amazon workers commuting into Long Island City every day."
[More News] PICTURES: Easton Baking Company to Re-open »
Helicopter: 55 minutes! But, about $400 a day, based on a quick survey of charter rates. Put this option on the back burner, unless Amazon owner Jeff Bezos agrees to subsidize it. He's worth $112 billion, so it doesn't hurt to ask.
Relocating: The median home price in Queens, the borough where Long Island City is located, is $640,000. And we'd sure hate to lose you, neighbor.
Most Read • Lehigh Valley News
PICTURES: Easton Baking Company to Re-open


text:
Q: How to upload images using NodeJs? I want to upload the product images using Node Js. So I used multer to upload images. I used postman to test whether it is work, but it returns Please upload a file. I changed another image then it says PayloadTooLargeError: request entity too large.

MyCode
const express = require("express");
const router = express.Router();

const multer = require('multer');
const storage = multer.diskStorage(
{
    destination: function(req, file, cb)
    {
        cb(null, './uploads/');
    },
    filename: function(req, file, cb)
    {
        cb(null, new Date().toISOString() + file.originalname);
    }
});

const fileFilter = (req, file, cb) =>
{
    // reject a file
    if (file.mimetype === 'image/jpeg' || file.mimetype === 'image/png')
    {
        cb(null, true);
    }
    else
    {
        cb(null, false);
    }
};

const upload = multer(
{
    storage: storage,
    limits:
    {
        fileSize: 1024 * 1024 * 50
    },
    fileFilter: fileFilter
});

router.post("/upload", upload.single('productImage'), (req, res, next) =>
{
    if (!req.file)
      return res.send('Please upload a file')
    var tempPath = req.file.path
      console.log(tempPath);
});

package.json
{
  "name": "api",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "testing version",
  "main": "server.js",
  "dependencies": {
    "express": "^4.16.4",
    "multer": "^1.3.0",
    "nodemon": "^1.18.10",
  },
  "devDependencies": {},
  "scripts": {
    "test": "node server.js",
    "start": "nodemon server.js"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "api"
  ],
  "author": "tteam",
  "license": "ISC"
}

A: Your code is working fine i just have to change the upload.single('productImage') to upload.single('image') and i did not face any error like Please upload a file, Here is my pen it just same as yours and works fine.
https://codepen.io/khanChacha/pen/rbJjYj
Please upload a file only occur if you don't choose any file or choose wrong file type
I have updated your code and made few changes now its working check it here:
https://github.com/faiz1996khan/uploads

A: It will become easy to store files after converting in string you just have to convert string in image in your frontend
Convert image in to base64 string using this code in your api and also don't forgot to delete file from upload folder
"img": new Buffer.from(fs.readFileSync(req.file.path)).toString("base64")

To delete the file
let resultHandler = function (err) {
    if (err) {
        console.log("unlink failed", err);
    } else {
        console.log("file deleted");
    }
}
fs.unlink(req.file.path, resultHandler);

At your routes import multer:
const multer = require('multer');
const upload = multer({ dest: __dirname + '/uploads/images' });`

Add upload.single('img') in your request:
router.post(
    '/fellows-details',
    authorize([Role.ADMIN, Role.USER]),
    upload.single('img'),
    usersController.fellowsdetails
);

If you don't use the unlink function it cause error because it first store buffer values in folder and than convert it to base64.

A:
Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory, open 'C:\Users\ttest\Downloads\Compressed\uploads-master\api\routes\uploads\2019-04-18T14:02:45.456Z55460132_25_63992_n (1).jpg'

I think the issue seem to be with location where you store the uploaded file. You need to check for existence of upload/ before storing the file.
user.js
const path = require('path');
const fs = require('fs-extra');

let UPLOAD_LOCATION = path.join(__dirname, 'uploads');
fs.mkdirsSync(UPLOAD_LOCATION); //create `uploads/` folder, if it doesn't exists

Use this location for storing the upload file
const storage = multer.diskStorage({
  destination: function (req, file, cb) {
    cb(null, UPLOAD_LOCATION);
  },
  filename: function (req, file, cb) {
    cb(null, new Date().toISOString() + file.originalname);
  }
});

For reference, you can check how to configure upload path in multer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Как получить значение параметра из RGB формата мне нужно из подобных карт получать значение параметра в каждой точке. я пробовал переводить значение ргб в серый цвет, но всё равно выходное значение даже логически не соответствует искомому параметру
На входе у меня только эта карта(значение RGB в каждом пикселе). я ищу как мне перевести эти данные в значение параметра, который описывает данная карта.


- Skin chapped, dry or irritated?
- Cellulite making you self-conscious?
- Need a fast solution for after shower/gym?
Body Lotion by SINIVALIA helps restore moisture to the skin tissue with each application - protecting it from dryness, chapping and the elements. Moisturised skin looks firmer, younger, and smoother. Aloe vera's proven moisturising & healing power joins with soothing, anti-inflammatory lavender in our ideal daily lotion.
THIS ITEM IS SOLD AS A 2 PART PRODUCT - AN OIL AND AN E-BOOK, BOTH ARE INCLUDED IN THE PRICE.


In the crazy world of life, we struggle to make time for ourselves beyond the daily grind. But, just imagine if you did manage to swing a few hours for yourself… what would you do?
Previously, we stuck our necks on the line to define what a hobby is, which we hope you agreed with. Armed with that definition, you're now itching to turn off Netflix, get off the sofa (stay with me) and get cracking on pursuing that hobby… But, I don't have a hobby is the response I hear you cry! Plus, there's only 7 episodes of Stranger Things left to watch.
All I can say is, that you can watch that later. Experiences and knowledge is waiting, isn't that right, Einstein?
Where to start to find your hobby?
See if anything from the list solely or several combined presents a hobby idea i.e. Pottery.
What did you do as a child? Could you rediscover a childhood hobby?
Write a journal — Every day write a collection of your thoughts and group them into what you did like doing and what you didn't.
How to make your hobby a reality?
A potential hobby has been discovered but don't just stop there. Go make it happen. Don't neglect today on the promise of multiple tomorrows.
Take a class, hire a teacher or go buy those tools. Whatever you need to make it happen, go and do it, you won't regret it.
Introducing Hobby Society! We're your one-stop-shop for hobbies in Sydney, which gives you access to tools, space and expertise with community members who share your new hobby. Get started now and master a new hobby before the NBN has even managed to buffer your next episode.
Sign up to The Hobbyist for exclusive content from us and join us over on Facebook.
Are you a serious hobbyist?
How to master your hobby?
Are hobbies good for your resume?


text:
Q: How to remove warnings downloading an EXE in a browser and how to prevent SmartScreen warning in Windows8? PROBLEM 1
I have an application made in delphi with Embarcadero RAD XE6.
When I upload the executable to my website and downloaded from Chrome I get the following warning and blocking the automatic download...

File is not commonly downloaded and could be dangerous.

PROBLEM 2
I downloaded the application and when I run the exe (Windows8) Smartscreen launches with the following warning:

Windows SmartScreen prevented an unrecognized app from starting.
  Running this app might put your PC at risk.

SOLUTIONS?
I read about it but I'm not sure.
First problem (browser).

*

*In some sites recommend add the page to Google Webmaster Tools and
wait several days to be analyzed.

*Elsewhere indicate edit the server configuration, IIS in my case, I
consider mime options are set correctly.

Second problem (OS, especially W8)
All indications are that I need 2 things. Integrity and reputation.
That is, I get a digital certificate to sign the executable. In addition I also need the file is downloaded several times to be considered safe (although there are more expensive certificates that promise to save the time of discharge from the start).
My doubts

*

*How have you solved these problems?

*Does the digital certificate (obtained in Goodaddy, codesigning,
InstantSSL, GlobalSign ..) is applied to the server or executable
from RAD XE6?

*Does the digital certificate corrects both problems?

Sources:

*

*http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2011/03/22/authenticode-code-signing-for-developers-for-file-downloads-building-smartscreen-application-reputation.aspx

*EV Code Signing certificate or Code Signing Certificates for Microsoft Authenticode

*Getting around Chrome's Malicious File Warning

*http://www.rohitab.com/discuss/topic/40885-file-is-not-commonly-downloaded-and-could-be-dangerous/

A: The easiest way to avoid these warnings is to put your executable into an archive (ZIP or RAR archive).
You see the main reason why this warning is raised becouse the executable file that you are trying to downoad still hasn't been downloaded, tested and verified by special testing labs that both Google and Microsoft have.
Now if your server serves the file on demmand or if the file can only be downloaded during the active web sesion the file will probably never be tested as it won't be downloaded by the testing labs.


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BMC Women's Health
Factors associated with women's autonomy regarding maternal and child health care utilization in Bale Zone: a community based cross-sectional study
Dabere Nigatu1,
Abebe Gebremariam3,
Muluemebet Abera3,
Tesfaye Setegn2 &
Kebede Deribe4,5
BMC Women's Health volume 14, Article number: 79 (2014) Cite this article
Women's autonomy in health-care decision is a prerequisite for improvements in maternal and child health. Little is known about women's autonomy and its influencing factors on maternal and child health care in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess women's autonomy and identify associated factors in Southeast Ethiopia.
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 19th until March 28th, 2011. A total of 706 women were selected using stratified sampling technique from rural and urban kebeles. The quantitative data were collected by interviewer administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS for window version 16.0. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with women's autonomy for health care utilization.
Out of 706 women less than half (41.4%) had higher autonomy regarding their own and their children's health. In the multiple logistic regression model monthly household income >1000 ETB [adjusted odds ratio(AOR):3.32(95% C.I: 1.62-6.78)], having employed husband [AOR: 3.75 (95% C.I:1.24-11.32)], being in a nuclear family structure [AOR: 0.53(95% C.I: 0.33-0.87)], being in monogamous marriage [AOR: 3.18(95% C.I: 1.35-7.50)], being knowledgeable and having favorable attitude toward maternal and child health care services were independently associated with an increased odds of women's autonomy.
Socio-demographic and maternal factors (knowledge and attitude) were found to influence women's autonomy. Interventions targeting women's autonomy with regards to maternal and child health care should focus on addressing increasing awareness and priority should be given to women with a lower socioeconomic status.
The power balance between men and women plays an important role in the treatment seeking behavior of women. The power relationship that impedes women's attainment of healthy and fulfilling lives operates at personal, society and to highly public levels [1]. Although the global estimates of women's problems related to lack of autonomy are based on the agreed definition of women autonomy. The literature has defined it in different ways such as: "The ability to make decisions on one's own, to control one's own body, and to determine how resources will be used, without needing to consult with or ask permission from another person". Women's autonomy can be viewed as the control of women over their own lives, materials, access to knowledge and information, having equal say with their husbands or partners on matters affecting themselves and their families. It can also be equated with the authority to make independent decisions, freedom from constraint on physical mobility and the ability to forge equitable power relationships within families [2–5]. Furthermore, women's autonomy is defined in three dimensions as: control over finance, decision-making power, and extent of freedom of movement [6]. Hence, women's autonomy related to the extent of independent decision making, freedom from constraint on physical mobility and the ability to forge equitable power relationships within families, has been used for this study.
In many parts of Africa, women's decision making power regarding reproduction and sexuality is extremely limited. Decisions on maternal health care are often made by husbands or other family members, which negatively influences maternal and child health service utilization [7]. A study done in Gambia showed that risk of child death is greater for women/primary caregivers with reduced financial autonomy compared to their counterparts. On the other hand a study done in Nigeria indicated that ethnicity was a determinant factor for wife's decision making authority [8, 9].
Considering the making of large purchases as one indicator for women's decision making autonomy, 42% and 44% of Ethiopian and Eritrean women respectively had no autonomy to make large purchases. The study also considered women's attitude toward wife beating as indicator because women with high autonomy would not accept obvious gender power inequalities and any justification of husband to beat his wife. However, 83% of Ethiopian and 73% of Eritrean women believed that wife beating is justifiable for some occasional reasons [10].
Gender based power inequalities have been challenges to open communication between partners about reproductive health decisions and women's access to reproductive health care services which would contribute to poor health outcomes [1]. In Ethiopia, only 14.6% of married women decide autonomously on their health issues. Women have to wait for their husband's decision on health care utilization for themselves and their children when the need arises. Poverty, distance to health care service, lack of education and awareness to use modern health care services, including reproductive health service, exacerbate the lowest level of autonomy [11].
The Ethiopian government has been striving to achieve Millennium Development Goal three (MDG-3), to promote gender equality and empower women, through designing and implementing policies and strategies giving emphasis on increasing women's access to education and health care services. Furthermore, safeguarding women's rights such as access to land, credit, and increasing the number of women benefiting from government programs and strategies, giving women leadership training have been the strategic turning points for women's autonomy [12].
However, these programmatic level interventions especially on health care services have been based on inadequate systematic evidence that depicts the determinant factors of women's autonomy regarding their own and their under-five children's health care utilization which might be due to scarcity of data on women's autonomy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the level of women's autonomy and predictors of women autonomy regarding their own and their under-five children's health care utilization in the Goba District, Southeast Ethiopia.
Study setting and sample
A community based cross sectional study using quantitative methods of data collection was conducted in the Goba District in March 2011. The Goba district is one of the 18 districts in Bale Zone, Oromia Region of Ethiopia and located 444 km from Addis Ababa. The district has 24 rural and 4 urban kebeles with an estimated total population of 73,653 (including the Goba administrative town) of whom 37,427 were females; 32,916 (44.7%) of its population were urban dwellers [13]. A total of 43 health institutions were available in the district of which 13 were in urban areas of Goba district while 30 health facilities were found in the rural part of the district. The estimated total number of under-five children in the district (both rural and urban) is 12,153 [Goba Woreda Health Office: Annual report, unpublished]. All women who had under-five children in 12 randomly selected kebeles of Goba district were the source population.
The sample size was determined using a single population proportion formula considering 95% confidence level, 5% margin of error and 66% (p = 0.66) estimated proportion of married women who were able to decide on their own health matters with full or partial autonomy [14]. These figures were substituted in the formula bellow:
n i = Z α 2 2 p 1 - p d 2 = 1.96 2 × 0.66 0.34 0.05 2 = 344.8
Where: n i is initial sample sizes, Z α/2 is critical value for normal distribution at 95% confidence level which equals to 1.96 (z -value at α =0.05), P is national level proportion of women who participate in decision making regarding their own health care (0.66) [14], d is a margin of error (0.05).
The calculated sample size, 345, was multiplied by a design effect of 2 and 10% of the calculated sample size, 69, was added for non-response. This made the final sample size 759. A total of 759 women who had under-five child from 12 kebeles (2 urban and 10 rural) were selected using stratified cluster sampling from both urban and rural settings. Preliminary household enumeration (census) was done to identify the number of eligible women (married and had under-five child) in randomly selected kebeles. After getting the list of eligible women through census, the total sample size was allocated proportionally to the size of the selected kebeles. Then the women were selected by lottery method.
Data collection procedure
The quantitative data were collected using structured, pre-tested, and interviewer guided questionnaire adapted from similar studies [5, 6, 11, 14–16]. The interview was conducted in the study participants' usual place of residence. The questionnaire was first prepared in English and it was contextualized to suit to the research objective, local situations and language. The quality of the data was assured by translation to Afan Oromo & retranslation to English, pre-testing of the questionnaire, training of the data collectors & supervisors, and close supervision of the data collection processes.
The Afan Oromo version (local language) of the instrument was used to collect the quantitative data. The data were collected by community health agents (CHA) who were intensively trained for two days on the questionnaire and general approaches to data collection.
Women's autonomy was measured by the composite index of the three constructs of women's autonomy: control over finance, decision-making power and extent of freedom of movement [5, 6, 10, 16]. A composite measure for each construct was created using the sum of equal weighted binary (1 = responses contributed for higher degree of autonomy versus 0 = otherwise) and three input variables (2 = for women who were able to decide independently, 1 = for joint decision and 0 = otherwise). Based on these values the overall score is found to be 27. Therefore, those women who scored half of the total score i.e. 13.5 and above were considered as highly autonomous while those who scored less than 13.5 were less autonomous.
The index for decision-making power was composed of nine questions. The women were asked "who in her family usually has the final say on the following decisions": 1. Health care for yourself, 2. Health care for your child, 3. Visit family or relative, 4. Number of children, 5. Use of maternal and child health (MCH) services such as contraception, antenatal care (ANC), preference of delivery site, and child immunization. The possible responses for each item was respondent alone, respondent and husband/partner jointly, respondent and someone else, husband/partner alone & someone else. For each items the response was scored as: 2 if a woman made sole decision, 1 if she was involved with someone [husband/partner or someone else] and 0 otherwise; the sum of the scores were made to represent an overall index of a woman's decision-making power as indicated by different studies [15–17]. The total score on decision making power was 18. Hence, those women who scored nine and above were categorized as high decision making power whereas those scored less than nine were categorized as women with low decision making power.
The index for control over finance was composed of four items: whether the woman had regular access to a source of money (including both wages earned and gifts or support from family) and whether she stated that she could spend this money without consulting anyone, who decides how the money she earned and her husband's earnings were used. A score to each of the factors was given as that of index of decision-making power responses, except that 1 and 0 for items with binary responses (i.e. yes or no response). The total score on control over finance was 6. Those women with a score of three and above were considered as having high control over finance, while those women who scored less than three had low control over finance.
The index of freedom of movement consisted of three items pertaining to the woman's ability to leave the house without the company of another adult: whether she could go out to take a child to health facility, to visit family or relative and go to health facility for her own health care. These items were with binary responses (yes or no). Hence, those with 'yes' response scored 1 while those with 'no' response scored 0. The total score on freedom of movement was 3. Those women who scored one & half and above were considered as high freedom of movement whereas those who scored less than one and half were categorized as low freedom of movement.
Knowledge of women on MCH was assessed by considering knowledge regarding the components of maternal and child health care mainly that addresses ANC, delivery, child immunization services and key danger signs during labor and childbirth. The desired answer were coded as 1; otherwise 0. The total knowledge score was 32. Hence, those mothers who scored above 84% (≥27) were knowledgeable, 50-84% (16–26) moderately knowledgeable and less than 50% (<16) less knowledgeable.
To assess mother's attitude towards MCH service: eleven items which were positively stated on attitude towards MCH were developed with possible response of agree, undecided and disagree. The measurement scales were given for each item: 3 for agree, 2 for undecided and 1 for disagree. The total attitude score was computed and this value was used for subsequent analysis.
Operational definitions
Women's autonomy: is a reflection of women's degree of freedom, relative to men, regarding control over financial resources (economic autonomy); freedom of movement (physical autonomy); opportunity to participate in decisions (decision-making autonomy) about maternal and child health care utilization.
Decision making power: the ability of women to make decision on what to do for their own and children's health care need.
Freedom of movement: the women's ability to move to health care facility without seeking permission from other adult (husband's/partner or someone else) for their own and children's health care.
Control over financial resources: women's access to sources of money (her own earning, husband's/partner's earning and other sources) and ability to spend it without consulting anyone for their own and children's health care concern.
Data processing and statistical analysis
The data were checked for completeness and inconsistencies, edited, coded and entered into SPSS for window version 16.0 (SPSS Inc. version 16.1, Chicago, Illinois). Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out. All explanatory variables that showed statistically significant association in the bivariate logistic regression analysis with the outcome variable (women's autonomy) were entered to the multiple logistic regression model. Hence, the variables entered to the multiple logistic regression analysis were age of the mother, residence, household monthly income, women's educational status, women's employment status, family structure, marriage type, husband's educational status, husband's employment status, women's knowledge on MCH and women's attitude towards MCH. All variables were entered into the model adjusting one another. All tests were two sided and statistical significance level was declared at p-value <0.05.
A letter of ethical approval was obtained from Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Jimma University. Letters of cooperation were obtained from Goba district and Goba town administrative health offices. All women were informed about the purpose of the study and oral informed consent was sought before interview. Additionally, the women were informed about the potential risk and benefits of participating in the study including the right to withdraw from the study at anytime they want. The women were assured about the confidentiality of the information they provided.
Socio-demographic characteristics
Of the total 759 eligible women, 706 completed the questionnaire making the response rate 93.1%. The average (±SD) family size for the study population was 5.5(±2.1). The mean (±SD) age of women was 28.3(±5.9) years while the mean (±SD) age of children was 22.9(±15.6) months. Eighty-six percent (86.7%) of women were living in rural areas. Eighty-four percent (84.8%) of women were Oromo by ethnicity. Eighty-one percent (80.9%) of women reported that their husbands have attended formal education. Most (85.7%) of the women were living in nuclear family. Ninety-four percent (94.5%) of the women were living in monogamous type of marriage (Table 1).
Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics and reproductive history of mothers (n = 706) in Goba district, Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia, 2011
Dimensions of women's autonomy
Sixty-five percent (65.2%) of women had regular access to a source of money, of which 38.1% were able to use the money by their independent decision. In this study, 49.6% of women were autonomous to take their child to health facilities while 43.9% of women were free to go to health facility for their own health care service consumption. The mean (±SD) score of women on decision making power index was 8.9(±3.2). Concerning women's freedom of movement, 56.7% of women had lower freedom of movement. The mean (±SD) score of women on control over financial resource was 2.6(±1.2) and 52.7% of women had higher financial control. The overall women's autonomy mean (±SD) score was 12.6 (±4.6) indicating that 58.6% of the women had lower autonomy while the remaining 41.4% had higher autonomy (Figure 1).
Women's autonomy measured through decision making power, freedom of movement and control over finance in Goba district, Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia, 2011.
Factors associated with women's autonomy
The bivariate logistic regression model showed that women in the age group of 35–39 years were about 4 times more likely to have higher autonomy compared to those women in the age of <20 years [crude odds ratio (COR):3.6 (95% C.I: 1.03-12.04)]. Women residing in urban areas were about 2 times more likely to have higher autonomy than their counterparts in rural areas [COR: 1.7(95% C.I: 1.12-2.69)]. Women's education was statistically significant with their autonomy. Those women who have attended primary education [COR: 1.8 (95% C.I: 1.27-2.62)], and secondary and above (9+) education [COR: 3.9 (95% C.I: 2.38-6.32)] were about 2 and 4 times more likely to have higher autonomy as compared to those women with no formal education, respectively. Those women who did not earn their own income were less autonomous (Table 2).
Table 2 Bivariate and multiple logistic regression model for factors associated with women's autonomy at house-hold level in Goba district, Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia, 2011
Women who were in a monogamous marriage were 2.5 times more likely to be highly autonomous as compared to women engaged in a polygamous marriage [COR: 2.5(95% C.I: 1.15-5.26)]. Meanwhile, those women living in a nuclear family were 41% less likely to be highly autonomous as compared to those women in an extended family [COR:0.59(95% C.I: 0.39-0.90)] (Table 2).
Husband's with secondary educational status [COR: 2.2(95% C.I: 1.37-3.66)] and husband's employment status (being employed) [COR: 5.3(95% C.I: 2.66-10.61) were significantly associated with women's autonomy to seek health care services for themselves and their children. Women who were knowledgeable about maternal and child care services were10 times more likely to be highly autonomous as compared to those who were not knowledgeable [COR: 10.3 (95% C.I: (6.08-17.28)] (Table 2).
In the multiple logistic regression model, after adjusting for the potential confounders; household monthly income, husband's employment status, family structure, type of marriage, knowledge and attitude of women towards maternal and child health care services were the final predictors of women's autonomy. In this study, those women who were living in a nuclear family had lower odds of autonomy as compared to those women who were living in an extended family [AOR: 0.53 (95% C.I: 0.33-0.87)]. Women who were in a monogamous marriage had a higher odds of increased autonomy as compared to women engaged in a polygamous marriage [AOR: 3.2 (95% C.I: 1.35-7.50)]. Women who had employed husband had higher odds of increased autonomy as compared to women who had an unemployed husband [AOR: 3.7 (95% C.I: 1.24-11.32)] (Table 2).
Those women who were knowledgeable [AOR: 6.3 (95%C.I: 3.46-11.43)] and moderately knowledgeable [AOR: 3.0 (95% C.I: 1.94-4.48)] about maternal and child health services respectively were 6 and 3 times higher odds of increased autonomy as compared to their counterparts. Similarly, women who had a favorable attitude score had higher odds of autonomy as compared to those women with a lower attitude score towards MCH [AOR:1.12(95% C.I: 1.05-1.20)] (Table 2).
In Ethiopia health services utilizations are very low, particularly maternal and child health care. Women's autonomy regarding maternal and child health are important factors in determining health seeking behavior. The current study used validated instruments and measured women's autonomy and identified factors associated with it. Such studies will improve maternal and child health service utilizations. Additionally, these studies can serve as a baseline data against which future progress regarding women's autonomy can be measured.
In this study, 65.2% of women have access to money and out of those women who have access to money; only 38.1% of them were autonomous to use the money for health care service consumption without consulting others. Our results here are comparable with a report from North India which indicated that 59% of women had unrestricted access to money while 55% of women spent money without consulting other person [6]. In our study, half (49.6%) of women were able to take their children to a health facility, which is lower than a report from North India, where 84% of women were able to take their child to a health facility without requesting permission [6]. This difference might be due to socio-economic, cultural and gender role differences between women in Ethiopia and North India.
In our study, household monthly income was positively associated with women's autonomy. Those women with higher household monthly income were more likely to be highly autonomous as compared to their counter parts. This finding is consistent with the Ethiopian national level study result that revealed women in the highest wealth quintile were highly decisive on health care utilization for their own/child health care services utilization [14]. Similar finding was also reported in Nepal [15].
This study revealed that women who had an employed husband were more likely to be highly autonomous as compared to women who had an unemployed husband. A study from Nepal similarly found that the husband's occupation was associated with women's autonomy [18]. This might be due to the cumulative effect of income on the economic status of the family in general and the women in particular, that create better conditions for the women to be autonomous.
Women who were in monogamous marriage were more likely to be autonomous. This could be due to the fact that men who have two or more wives at a time would not be able to satisfy their financial needs. On the other hand most women who have engaged in polygamy might be rural, economically deprived/less earnings and uneducated women.
Women in nuclear family were less likely to be autonomous. Contrarily, evidence from Pakistan showed that women in nuclear households were more likely to be autonomous in participating and passing decisions at family level [19, 20]. This might be due to the nature of the people added to the family i.e. they might be related to the mother in any case they support her in household decision making process. Mostly, if women live with their mother-in-law, their autonomy may be negatively affected. As evidenced by a study from India, women who were not living with their mothers-in-law had a higher involvement in the decision-making process [6].
In our analysis, knowledge and attitude towards maternal and child health care services were associated with increased women's autonomy. This might be due to the fact that those women who have knowledge and a favorable attitude towards maternal and child health care services could easily influence their husbands and significant others.
Although women's autonomy is a complex measure and there is no commonly agreed single definition for it, this study tried to address the most frequently used dimension of autonomy measures by different scholars [5, 6, 10, 16]. This might be considered as the strength of the study. However, the study has limitations as mother might not recall her experience of visiting health care services autonomously for their own and their child health problems. As a result women's autonomy is subject to potential recall bias. This study was also unable to assess women's autonomy to specific maternal and child health services (such as: ANC, Delivery services, Immunizations etc.) by which women's autonomy might not be interpretive to specific services. Finally, this study used a cross-sectional study design and hence it is not possible to establish causal association between dependent and independent variables.
This study showed that nearly half of the women were found to have lower control over financial resources. More than half of women were found to have lower autonomy. Household monthly income, having an employed husband, being in an extended family structure, being in a monogamous marriage, being knowledgeable and having a favorable attitude score towards maternal and child health care services were positively associated with women's autonomy. Therefore, these factors should be taken into account while designing interventions. In addition, targeted, community oriented and promotive strategies including women empowerment through involving women and men in income generating means such as small and microenterprises are recommended. Furthermore, strengthening the health extension workers (HEWs) activities that are directed in increasing awareness and improving attitude towards maternal and child health care services are recommended to empower women to seek these services.
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6874/14/79/prepub
We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to Jimma University for its financial support. KD is supported by a Wellcome Trust Research Training Fellowship [grant number 099876]. We are also grateful to Goba district health office and Goba town administrative health office for their technical support. We are grateful to the data collectors, supervisors and respondents without whom this research could not be realized.
Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Madawalabu University, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia
Dabere Nigatu
Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Tesfaye Setegn
Department of Population and Family Health, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Abebe Gebremariam & Muluemebet Abera
Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK
Kebede Deribe
Addis Ababa University, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Abebe Gebremariam
Muluemebet Abera
Correspondence to Dabere Nigatu.
All authors declare that they have no competing interests.
DN conceived and designed the study, participated in the process of data collection on the field, performed the data analysis, interpreted the data, and drafted the manuscript and critically reviewed it. AG, MA, TS and KD assisted in designing, analysis, interpretation, manuscript preparation and reviewed the manuscript critically. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.
Nigatu, D., Gebremariam, A., Abera, M. et al. Factors associated with women's autonomy regarding maternal and child health care utilization in Bale Zone: a community based cross-sectional study. BMC Women's Health 14, 79 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-14-79
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-14-79
Women's autonomy
Heath care utilization
Goba district
Women's public health issues public health issues
Submission enquiries: bmcwomenshealth@biomedcentral.com


By Dennis Fujimoto The Garden Island | Monday, May 7, 2018, 12:05 a.m.
Boy Scout Michael Perry of Troop 148 is ready to support Scouts BSA District Executive Tiffany Wienand during her presentation on Scouting at the Countdown to Charity Walk at Kukui Grove Center Saturday.
Jennifer Ortal (she'll be at the Tuesday Market at the Aqua Kauai Beach Resort Tuesday too) helps KUGA students, including Ava Vandenakker and Kate Edward, with teacher appreciation lei and cards Sunday at Kukui Grove Center.
Kudos to Greg Nelson of Maui who got up early to catch a flight from Maui to make the Countdown to the Charity Walk (yes, the BIG walk is this Saturday at the north Vidinha soccer fields starting with registration at 6:30 a.m. — are the Kauai Soccer Association games going too?) event Saturday at Kukui Grove Center.
Carol Texeira Manera came flying in from Wailua and was able to get something from the silent auction, Mark Perriello was helping Char Ravelo at the Leadership Kauai table. Char said there is still room in the "Voyaging with Leadership Kauai," a 10-day course — May 18 to July 15 — open to people from 14 to 70 years old who get to work with a sailing canoe to learn leadership. And, yes, scholarships are available.
Bryan Wienand (congratulations on being appointed the county Department of Water manager and chief engineer!) said he was lucky he had both his Scouts BSA (yes, Kauai's Scouts BSA District Executive Tiffany Wienand was there with Scout Michael Perry, too!) and Camp Agape shirts with him so he could help at both nonprofit tables at the countdown. Leona Perez took a break from the Kauai Independent Food Bank table to get a photo (or was it video?) of Tiffany's presentation on Scouting.
Don't forget to look for the Keiki Day edition of The Garden Island Thursday that benefits Parents And Children Together … Larry Rivera is going to be at Walmart, Ron Wood is taking a shift outside Jamba Juice at Kukui Grove Center (is Mark Bonilla going to have samples?), and where is Ron Wiley going to be?


Bike rally being flagged off from Omega Healthcare.
MS is a chronic neurodegenerative condition that affects different parts of the central nervous system. It is often referred to as the mysterious crippler of the young adult as it generally strikes its victims between the age group of 20 and 40 years. It is a chronic, progressive disease in which even the simplest of everyday tasks can no longer be taken for granted. It impacts the functioning of various parts of the body and can greatly impact a patient's quality of life. There are about 2.3 million people in the world who suffer from the disease. It is estimated that the total no. of MS patients India is close to 180,000 people.


That's easy for us to say since we've got the same bias toward the Odyssey as our customers do toward their own children, but as is the case with all such things, there's plenty of truth behind those biases.
In the case of the new Odyssey, we've been very pleased with a new affordable Special Edition (SE) trim in the lineup, as it includes a combination of features that our customers are really going to enjoy, all at a reasonable price.
The first of those is the HondaVAC, a built-in vacuum cleaner that allows parents to zap up any renegade crumbs or garbage that may have found its way to the minivan floor. For an automobile that typically spends so much time with kids, that tool alone can be worth choosing Honda.
Beyond that, though, the new Odyssey SE offers a really nice Rear Entertainment System with a 115V power outlet to accommodate, for example, a video game system should the parents decide such a thing were permissible.
It also comes with SiriusXM radio, which means even with the TV off there should be plenty to keep the driver and passengers entertained. It is, after all, a great minivan, and the 2016 model year version is best iteration yet.


text:
From the Environment to the Host: Re-Wiring of the Transcriptome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 22°C to 37°C
Mariette Barbier, F. Heath Damron, Piotr Bielecki, María Suárez Diez, et al
http://www.mendeley.com/research/environment-host-rewiring-transcriptome-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-22c-37c
CiteULike 118 May 12:51 UTC
CiteULike | Further Information
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{"title"=>"From the environment to the host: Re-wiring of the transcriptome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 22°C to 37°C", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Mariette", "last_name"=>"Barbier", "scopus_author_id"=>"23566505200"}, {"first_name"=>"F. Heath", "last_name"=>"Damron", "scopus_author_id"=>"25724285000"}, {"first_name"=>"Piotr", "last_name"=>"Bielecki", "scopus_author_id"=>"19933584200"}, {"first_name"=>"María", "last_name"=>"Suárez-Diez", "scopus_author_id"=>"37030217700"}, {"first_name"=>"Jacek", "last_name"=>"Puchałka", "scopus_author_id"=>"24067262700"}, {"first_name"=>"Sebastian", "last_name"=>"Albertí", "scopus_author_id"=>"7005187379"}, {"first_name"=>"Vitor Martins", "last_name"=>"Dos Santos", "scopus_author_id"=>"6506726905"}, {"first_name"=>"Joanna B.", "last_name"=>"Goldberg", "scopus_author_id"=>"55974383200"}], "year"=>2014, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84896102478", "sgr"=>"84896102478", "issn"=>"19326203", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0089941", "pmid"=>"24587139", "isbn"=>"1932-6203", "pui"=>"372599120"}, "id"=>"33d9a0e1-7ed0-3e54-9157-3445b57f4103", "abstract"=>"Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly versatile opportunistic pathogen capable of colonizing multiple ecological niches. This bacterium is responsible for a wide range of both acute and chronic infections in a variety of hosts. The success of this microorganism relies on its ability to adapt to environmental changes and re-program its regulatory and metabolic networks. The study of P. aeruginosa adaptation to temperature is crucial to understanding the pathogenesis upon infection of its mammalian host. We examined the effects of growth temperature on the transcriptome of the P. aeruginosa PAO1. Microarray analysis of PAO1 grown in Lysogeny broth at mid-exponential phase at 22°C and 37°C revealed that temperature changes are responsible for the differential transcriptional regulation of 6.4% of the genome. Major alterations were observed in bacterial metabolism, replication, and nutrient acquisition. Quorum-sensing and exoproteins secreted by type I, II, and III secretion systems, involved in the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to the mammalian host during infection, were up-regulated at 37°C compared to 22°C. Genes encoding arginine degradation enzymes were highly up-regulated at 22°C, together with the genes involved in the synthesis of pyoverdine. However, genes involved in pyochelin biosynthesis were up-regulated at 37°C. We observed that the changes in expression of P. aeruginosa siderophores correlated to an overall increase in Fe²⁺ extracellular concentration at 37°C and a peak in Fe³⁺ extracellular concentration at 22°C. This suggests a distinct change in iron acquisition strategies when the bacterium switches from the external environment to the host. Our work identifies global changes in bacterial metabolism and nutrient acquisition induced by growth at different temperatures. Overall, this study identifies factors that are regulated in genome-wide adaptation processes and discusses how this life-threatening pathogen responds to temperature.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/environment-host-rewiring-transcriptome-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-22c-37c", "reader_count"=>55, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Researcher"=>11, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>22, "Student > Master"=>8, "Other"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>7, "Professor"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Researcher"=>11, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>22, "Student > Master"=>8, "Other"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>7, "Professor"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Engineering"=>1, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>7, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>34, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>1, "Chemistry"=>1, "Computer Science"=>1, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>9, "Energy"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>1}, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>1}, "Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>1}, "Energy"=>{"Energy"=>1}, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>{"Immunology and Microbiology"=>9}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>34}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>7}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Canada"=>1, "United States"=>1, "China"=>1, "United Kingdom"=>1, "Portugal"=>1, "Estonia"=>1, "India"=>1}, "group_count"=>2}
ORCID01 Apr 14:30 UTC
CrossRef 1616 Jun 06:26 UTC
http://doi.org/10.1002/bit.25651
http://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01199
http://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00185-16
http://doi.org/10.1128/mSphereDirect.00154-19
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2019.05.022
http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145353
http://doi.org/10.1038/srep28684
http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39331-x
http://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fny029
http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3343420
http://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M115.706853
Europe PMC Citations 220 Jan 11:33 UTC
PubMed Central 104 Feb 10:07 UTC
PubMed Central | Further Information
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Research Blogging06 May 11:32 UTC
ScienceSeeker08 Aug 21:53 UTC
Twitter11 Jul 07:10 UTC
Figshare 8702 Apr 20:08 UTC
{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1395996"], "description"=>"
Analysis of the expression of control genes by RT-qPCR to validate microarray analysis. Each gene was analyzed in triplicate and data are represented as fold changes at 22°C compared to 37°C. Data were analyzed using a sample two-tailed t-test. Genes significantly dysregulated are denoted with an asterisk.
", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Computational biology", "microarrays", "Evolutionary biology", "Evolutionary processes", "adaptation", "microbiology", "Bacterial pathogens", "Gram negative", "Microbial growth and development", "Microbial pathogens", "Microbial physiology", "Infectious diseases", "Bacterial diseases", "Pseudomonas infections", "dysregulated"], "article_id"=>942523, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Medicine"], "users"=>["Mariette Barbier", "F. Heath Damron", "Piotr Bielecki", "María Suárez-Diez", "Jacek Puchałka", "Sebastian Albertí", "Vitor Martins dos Santos", "Joanna B. Goldberg"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089941.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_RT_qPCR_analysis_of_temperature_dysregulated_genes_/942523", "title"=>"RT-qPCR analysis of temperature dysregulated genes.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-02-24 02:43:49"}
{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1395995"], "description"=>"
A. Classifications of the genes showing a significant differential expression in microarray analysis at 22°C or 37°C based on PseudoCAP function class assignments [28]. The percentage of genes down-regulated in PAO1 at 22°C compared to 37°C is indicated in dark grey and the percentage of the genes up-regulated is indicated in light grey. The absolute number of genes differentially regulated under these conditions in each class is indicated on the bars. B. Subcellular localization of the products of the genes differentially regulated at 22°C and 37°C. Data represent the primary localization assignment of the gene products based on PAO1 genome annotation of the Pseudomonas Genome Database (www.pseudomonas.com) [20]. Gene products of unknown location were removed from this analysis.
", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Computational biology", "microarrays", "Evolutionary biology", "Evolutionary processes", "adaptation", "microbiology", "Bacterial pathogens", "Gram negative", "Microbial growth and development", "Microbial pathogens", "Microbial physiology", "Infectious diseases", "Bacterial diseases", "Pseudomonas infections", "differential"], "article_id"=>942522, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Medicine"], "users"=>["Mariette Barbier", "F. Heath Damron", "Piotr Bielecki", "María Suárez-Diez", "Jacek Puchałka", "Sebastian Albertí", "Vitor Martins dos Santos", "Joanna B. Goldberg"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089941.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Functional_analysis_of_differential_gene_expression_at_22_176_C_and_37_176_C_/942522", "title"=>"Functional analysis of differential gene expression at 22°C and 37°C.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-02-24 02:43:49"}
{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1395998"], "description"=>"
Graphic representation of the global changes in P. aeruginosa PAO1 metabolism detected by microarray analysis. The genes significantly dysregulated at 22°C and 37°C were mapped to metabolic pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database [21]. Genes up-regulated at 22°C (green) and genes up-regulated at 37°C (red) are italicized next to the reaction catalyzed by their products. Green and red areas represent pathways globally up-regulated at 22°C and 37°C, respectively.
", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Computational biology", "microarrays", "Evolutionary biology", "Evolutionary processes", "adaptation", "microbiology", "Bacterial pathogens", "Gram negative", "Microbial growth and development", "Microbial pathogens", "Microbial physiology", "Infectious diseases", "Bacterial diseases", "Pseudomonas infections", "differentially", "regulated"], "article_id"=>942525, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Medicine"], "users"=>["Mariette Barbier", "F. Heath Damron", "Piotr Bielecki", "María Suárez-Diez", "Jacek Puchałka", "Sebastian Albertí", "Vitor Martins dos Santos", "Joanna B. Goldberg"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089941.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>10, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Pathways_of_P_aeruginosa_differentially_regulated_at_22_C_and_37_C_/942525", "title"=>"Pathways of P. aeruginosa differentially regulated at 22°C and 37°C.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-02-24 02:43:49"}
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly versatile opportunistic pathogen capable of colonizing multiple ecological niches. This bacterium is responsible for a wide range of both acute and chronic infections in a variety of hosts. The success of this microorganism relies on its ability to adapt to environmental changes and re-program its regulatory and metabolic networks. The study of P. aeruginosa adaptation to temperature is crucial to understanding the pathogenesis upon infection of its mammalian host. We examined the effects of growth temperature on the transcriptome of the P. aeruginosa PAO1. Microarray analysis of PAO1 grown in Lysogeny broth at mid-exponential phase at 22°C and 37°C revealed that temperature changes are responsible for the differential transcriptional regulation of 6.4% of the genome. Major alterations were observed in bacterial metabolism, replication, and nutrient acquisition. Quorum-sensing and exoproteins secreted by type I, II, and III secretion systems, involved in the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to the mammalian host during infection, were up-regulated at 37°C compared to 22°C. Genes encoding arginine degradation enzymes were highly up-regulated at 22°C, together with the genes involved in the synthesis of pyoverdine. However, genes involved in pyochelin biosynthesis were up-regulated at 37°C. We observed that the changes in expression of P. aeruginosa siderophores correlated to an overall increase in Fe2+ extracellular concentration at 37°C and a peak in Fe3+ extracellular concentration at 22°C. This suggests a distinct change in iron acquisition strategies when the bacterium switches from the external environment to the host. Our work identifies global changes in bacterial metabolism and nutrient acquisition induced by growth at different temperatures. Overall, this study identifies factors that are regulated in genome-wide adaptation processes and discusses how this life-threatening pathogen responds to temperature.

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{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1396002"], "description"=>"
Venn diagrams comparing datasets proceeding from three different studies: genes observed to be differentially regulated described in this study, genes differentially regulated at 28°C versus 37°C in P. aeruginosa PA14 as determined by RNA-seq [13] and genes differentially regulated in ex vivo samples of burn wound P. aeruginosa infections compared to growth of these isolates at 37°C using Affymetrix microarrays [16]. A. The total number of genes differentially regulated in each dataset is indicated on each arrow. B. The number of genes up-regulated in each condition is indicated in each field. Fold changes in gene expression for the dataset described in this study and the genes present in all datasets are indicated in Table S2 and Table S4, respectively.
", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Computational biology", "microarrays", "Evolutionary biology", "Evolutionary processes", "adaptation", "microbiology", "Bacterial pathogens", "Gram negative", "Microbial growth and development", "Microbial pathogens", "Microbial physiology", "Infectious diseases", "Bacterial diseases", "Pseudomonas infections", "transcriptomes", "subjected"], "article_id"=>942529, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Medicine"], "users"=>["Mariette Barbier", "F. Heath Damron", "Piotr Bielecki", "María Suárez-Diez", "Jacek Puchałka", "Sebastian Albertí", "Vitor Martins dos Santos", "Joanna B. Goldberg"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089941.g005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>9, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Comparison_of_three_different_transcriptomes_subjected_to_environmental_temperatures_/942529", "title"=>"Comparison of three different transcriptomes subjected to environmental temperatures.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-02-24 02:43:49"}
{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1396000"], "description"=>"
Variations of Fe2+ (A) and Fe3+ (B) levels, pyoverdine production (C) and pH (D) measured during the growth of P. aeruginosa PAO1 in Lysogeny broth at 22°C (green) and 37°C (red). Time frames indicated in grey correspond to the times at which samples were taken for transcriptome analysis. Data collected from six independent cultures were analyzed using a paired two-tailed t-test. Data points that were significantly different are denoted with an asterisk.
", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Computational biology", "microarrays", "Evolutionary biology", "Evolutionary processes", "adaptation", "microbiology", "Bacterial pathogens", "Gram negative", "Microbial growth and development", "Microbial pathogens", "Microbial physiology", "Infectious diseases", "Bacterial diseases", "Pseudomonas infections", "pyoverdin", "ph"], "article_id"=>942527, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Medicine"], "users"=>["Mariette Barbier", "F. Heath Damron", "Piotr Bielecki", "María Suárez-Diez", "Jacek Puchałka", "Sebastian Albertí", "Vitor Martins dos Santos", "Joanna B. Goldberg"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089941.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>12, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Iron_availability_pyoverdin_production_and_pH_variation_during_growth_at_22_176_C_and_37_176_C_/942527", "title"=>"Iron availability, pyoverdin production and pH variation during growth at 22°C and 37°C.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-02-24 02:43:49"}
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text:
package com.elminster.easydao.db.manager;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class DAOSupportSessionFactoryManager {

  private static DAOSupportSessionFactoryManager manager = new DAOSupportSessionFactoryManager();

  private Map<String, DAOSupportSessionFactory> sessionFactorys = new HashMap<String, DAOSupportSessionFactory>();

  private DAOSupportSessionFactoryManager() {
  }

  public static DAOSupportSessionFactoryManager getSessionManager() {
    return manager;
  }

  public void putSessionFactory(DAOSupportSessionFactory factory) {
    sessionFactorys.put(factory.getFactoryId(), factory);
  }

  public DAOSupportSessionFactory getSessionFactory(String factoryId) {
    return sessionFactorys.get(factoryId);
  }

  public void removeSessionFactory(DAOSupportSessionFactory factory) {
    sessionFactorys.remove(factory.getFactoryId());
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub