Crushers, Pulverizers & Mills - Gilson Company, Inc.Particle-size reduction, or comminution, is often required to prepare bulk material samples for testing. Crushing is often the initial step with materials such as mineral ores or aggregates using varying combinations of force, impact and compression to initiate fracturing in the materials. Read More.aggregate crushing mills,aggregate crushing mills,Crusher, Grinding Mills, Crushing and Grinding Equipment .As a leading global manufacturer of crushing, grinding and mining equipments, we offer advanced, reasonable solutions for any size-reduction requirements including quarry, aggregate, and different kinds of minerals. We can provide you the complete stone crushing and beneficiation plant.We also supply stand-alone.
Jar mills, Aggregates testing equipment, Controls - Controls GroupJar mill for crushing aggregate samples from 1-5 mm down to approx. 300 micron. Complete with soundproof protection and safety switch to CE directive. Mill capacity: n° 1 jar of 0,3 or 1 l. Jars are not included and have to be ordered separately. 230V/50Hz/1Ph 48-D0544/Y As above but 220V/60Hz/1Ph 48-D0544/Zaggregate crushing mills,Crusher - WikipediaEach crusher is designed to work with a certain maximum size of raw material, and often delivers its output to a screening machine which sorts and directs the product for further processing. Typically, crushing stages are followed by milling stages if the materials need to be further reduced. Additionally rockbreakers are.
Road aggregates or rod mill feed 80% smaller than 16 mm. Total reduction ratio (R) F80/P80 400/16 = 25. Reduction ratio in the primary crushing stage R1 = 3. Reduction ratio in the secondary crushing stage R2 = 4. Total in 2 crushing stages gives. R1xR2 = 3x4 = 12. This is not sufficient. We need a third crushing stage.*.
Dec 8, 2005 . The aggregates industry appears to be a perfect candidate for Mine-to-Mill optimization since its main focus is particle size reduction through blasting and crushing. The aggregates industry represents the largest segment of the U.S. mining industry accounting for more than two-thirds of the non-fuel.
introduction gypsum impact crusher - Hydro BPT. DCJ jaw crushers are used for primary crushing of all kinds of aggregate and ore, building materials Basics in Minerals Processing - introduction of gypsum. american hammer mill slag processing plant jaw crusher quotations. Get Price.
Forged Wear Parts for Cement Plants & Aggregate Crushing/Recycling. We have nearly 140 years of experience of manufacturing forged parts for the cement aggregate and building materials recycling industries. . We develop, produce and deliver parts for Horizontal Impact Crushers and Hammer Mill Crushers: Crusher.
Crushing Operations. Physical Address: 1380 Hoffman Mill Road Phone: 970-482-1249. April to October Hours: Monday-Friday 7 a.m.-5 p.m.. November to March Hours: Monday-Friday 7:30 a.m.-4 p.m. (weather permitting) . Uses for recycled aggregate materials . Crushed concrete compacts faster than any other product.
lafarge aggregate crushing unit in india sand. CS Cone Crusher · HPC Cone Crusher · Mobile Cone Crusher · MTW Milling Machine · PEW Jaw Crusher · VSI Crusher.
Material Testing Equipment - Aggregate Crushing Value Apparatus .
Manufacturer of Material Testing Equipment - Aggregate Crushing Value Apparatus, Aggregate Impact Tester, Ball Mill For Grinding Lime Mortar and Pendulum Impact Tester offered by The Western Precision Instruments Emporium, Roorkee, Uttarakhand.
Aggregate Crushing Plant used to produce aggregate and artificial sand by hard line, granite, basalt, pebble etc. | 50Ton per Hour Stone Crushing Plant.
Aggregate Roller Crushing Mill - mine-equipments. aggregate roller crushing mill For , aggregate crushing plant,Coarse Aggregate Mills - Crusher Price Want the best aggregate crushing plant you can find .. Know More.
QUALIFIED PRODUCER LIST OF AGGREGATE SOURCES. October 6, 2017. This list . Current Policy Memorandum, "Aggregate Gradation Control System" .. BUTLER MILL SVC. 52103-31. BUTLER. IN. 6.0 MI. SW. 4506 COUNTY ROAD 59. BUTLER. IN. 46721. C. & H. GRAVEL PIT. 50350-07. GREENUP. IL. 5 MI. N.


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Colosseum Walking Tour, Roman Forum + Capitoline Hill
Discount already included in the final price - Learn about the history of the Roman Empire, whose fundamental teachings helped shape the modern world as we know it Discount already included in the final price - Learn about the history of the Roman Empire, whose fundamental teachings helped shape the modern world as we know itHighlights- Explore the heart of Ancient Rome - Learn about the characters who shaped the history of the Roman Empire - Priority access Embark on a journey through time. Transport your mind to an era whose remnants still surround you to this very day. Learn about the incredible history and horrors of the Eternal City as you explore the centre of Ancient Rome. It is hard to imagine what these iconic landmarks would have looked like in their prime, but with priority entrance to the archaeological site and complimentary headsets, you will gain a better understanding of the area with the help from your experienced and professional guide. Your guided 'Passeggiata' will include a visit to: - Colosseum The Colosseum is the world's largest amphitheatre, built by the Romans in 80 AD. More than 50,000 people would have gathered here to watch gladiatorial contests and many other kinds of public spectacles. Known also as the Flavian, its name was appropriately given as it was built on the site where once stood a 115-foot-tall bronze statue of the emperor Colossus of Nero. Whilst visiting this giant amphitheatre, take some time to consider the discrimination in Roman society and the fate of the fighters in the gruesome blood sport at the gladiator's playground. - Roman forum In its heyday, the Roman Forum was the very heart of the ancient world, crowded with people from all corners of the empire. From elections, public speeches, gladiator matches, and even criminal trials, it was from this very location that the Romans transformed civilisation. Your guided 'Passeggiata' will include a visit to; - Palatine Hill It is thought that this area is where it all began. In Rome there is a very fine line between myth and historical fact. According to Roman mythology, twin brothers Remus and Romulus were abandoned by their parents on the hill and discovered and nursed by a wolf before being found by a shepherd. Legend has it that when they became adults they decided to build a city where the wolf had found them. After quarrelling about the location, Remus was said to have been murdered by his brother, thus leaving Romulus as the founder of the city to which he gave his name. Over a hundred years ago archaeologist Rodolfo Lanciani, excavated a site on the hill and uncovered the remains of an Iron Age settlement dating back to 900 BC giving evidence to the existence of the early founders of Rome. Languages Monolingual English, Spanish and German. Bilingual French and Portuguese. Redeem informationVoucher type: E-VoucherE-voucher. Show the voucher on your mobile device to enjoy the activity.LocationStart point: Arch of ConstantinePlease ensure you arrive at the meeting point at least 15 minutes prior to the tour start time. You will find the guide next to the pink flags.End point: Inside the Roman Forum.ScheduleDuration: 3 HoursGuide optionsGuide type: GuideGroup size: 30 PeopleRequirementsExtra measures may be implemented at some venues due to heightened global security. Extra measures may also restrict the size of bags that can be brought inside. Passport required.RecommendationsPlease wear comfortable shoes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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La Cruz y Medalla de la Independencia (Pol:Krzyż Niepodległości i Medal Niepodległości) fue una de las más altas condecoraciones polacas, establecidas para condecorar a los héroes que lucharon por la independencia de Polonia tanto civiles como militares entre los años 1918 y 1921 y por la recuperación de Zaolzia a los checos. Esta condecoración por el contrario no fue utilizada para galardonar a los meritorios en la Guerra Ruso-Polaca.

Órdenes, condecoraciones y medallas de Polonia
Premios establecidos en 1930

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The mission of Therapy Pets of the Red River Valley (TPRRV) is to enrich the lives of people and pets by providing opportunities for human-animal interactions while participating in educational, social, and therapeutic activities.
Therapy Pets of the Red River Valley is proud to be an affiliate group of the Pet Partners Therapy Animal Program. Please see their link on this page for more information about Pet Partners.


The BoatUS Foundation's Online Course is the only FREE Online Boating Safety Course approved by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources.
All Iowa boaters 12 - 17 years of age must complete a boating safety course approved by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources in order to operate a boat or PWC.
Iowa requires supervision and education certification for the following boat operators: Boaters under the age of 12 may operate a vessel with a motor greater than 10 hp (including PWCs) provided they are accompanied by a responsible person at least 18 years of age and experienced with operating the vessel.
Boat operators required to have completed a boating safety course must carry their National Association of State Boating Law Administrators (NASBLA) approved boating safety certificate with them at all times while operating a vessel propelled by a motor of more than ten horsepower.
Iowa also recognizes any NASBLA approved certificate of completion from any other states. This is based on the core standards that are agreed upon for reciprocity.
How Do I Get My Iowa Certificate?


Alltheevents.co.za has 348 daily visitors and has the potential to earn up to 42 USD per month by showing ads. See traffic statistics for more information.
Hosted on IP address in South Africa.
Alltheevents.co.za has an estimated worth of 1,505 USD.
The Ndorfin Adventure Calendar provides updated event information, and adventure videos, news and photography.
Description: Your complete guide to all sport events in South Africa. Running, Cycling, Mountain Biking, Trail Running, Road Biking, Swimming, Paddling, Triathlon, Adventure Racing, Orienteering, Walking, Duathlon. Get the details here.


Planning an event takes a lot. It's more about allocating your resources in the right direction that will lead in availing its optimum utility. If these events are taking so much of your efforts and time, then you generally expect to a sale and generate revenue from each of your event's ticket that has been produced and lead to an increase in business productivity.Each event has a goal and that is to entertain and provide the necessary material fact to the attendees. Also, it has the capability to grab the attention of a large number of people and consecutively, they act as agents to return the investment you have diluted in the event. Therefore, online promotion and marketing of your event are vital for the goal concerned.
Traditional Marketing: This marketing is basically that type of marketing which promotes your event through direct communication, local media or other traditional mediums.
The event marketer can use the availability of press and media that can release your content at a national level or you can also connect to various popular newspapers which will print your event's data.
Another way is e-mail marketing where you can draft a mail about mentioning the details of your event or you can even post letters to your regular customers.
Keep telling your customers about your new events when they approach at your doorstep.
Social Media Marketing: Frequently asked questions about event planning includes 'How to promote an event online?' Social Media Marketing is the best source of online marketing. It's easy, less time consuming and cost effective to promote here. Various social media platforms can be availed for this purpose like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Linkedln.
You also have an option to be acknowledged about the engagements, interests, and shared by your followers. This gives you a vague idea about the possibility of your event being successful.
Also, create one unified hashtag for every social media platform that will be used everywhere to promote your every event. This hashtag will be used in advance to promote your events which will include the main objective of your event.
Blogging: Blogging is another tool which can be availed for marketing your event. Here, you can beautifully describe your event by suggesting the same with attractive and engaging adjectives leading to more purchasers for your tickets. You need to have a blogging website which will enact as your identity as well as marketer.
Create SEO articles and blogs so as to boost up the engagements and lead to a higher rank in the lists of search engines.
A YouTube Channel: In spite of social media marketing, you can avail the platform of YouTube where you can launch videos and promote your event to next level. Also, you can use the feature of Live Streaming where your customers can join you live even by being at their home. The videos you can launch are: a teaser about what is going to be in your event, upcoming of special guests, a message conveyed by your brand ambassador, introduction to speakers and hosts, conversations with the sponsors, who are the participants and what they are going to gain and for customary uploads you may provide tips on how to make the most of the event, how to promote them, how to launch successful events and so on.
Advertisements: Technology is alarming every individual about every latest update without any delay and problem. Technology undeniably promotes advertisements on social media, websites, videos and every other source of communication that can acknowledge the users about various events and other availabilities.
Hire a Brand Ambassador if you have a good budget and then you may channelize your advertisements on Televisions. The brand ambassadors might be celebrities, expert of the subject matter, TV stars, YouTube Bloggers and so on.
Professional Photographs to be used for Promotions: You need to launch a number of posters and photographs for the promotion and advertisement of your event. Get professional photographs which would expose the best of what you want to show to your audience. This will ultimately lead to a good impression on what you are going to showcase in your event.
Local Event Calendars: Get your event registered on local event calendars, may it be in the form of traditional media or social media. This will broadcast your event locally inviting the interested people to join your event.


** The rates already included tax & service.
** FREE airport transfer at arrival only (4 pax).
This is a holiday rental villa for up to 4 people. This luxurious two bedroom on 350 m2 land is still situated in peaceful setting, although the location is in the heart of fashionable Seminyak. The private villa is located on walking distance from Jalan Laksmana, well known for its many international restaurants and trendy boutiques.
The contemporary style villa offers a private swimming pool with sun deck and two spacious bedrooms with en suite bathrooms and walk-in closet. Within easy striking distance from many of the Bali's hotspots as Hu'u Bar, Potato Head and Kudeta, this holiday rental villa will be your home away from home that has been designed to ensure a perfect stay for families, friends and couples.


Ordered a pair of Lee jeans, 2 days later I get a refund notification form paypal. No email form the website saying item was out of stock. Wont be using them again. Why would you show jeans in stock that clearly arent?!


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Lithuanian rescuers of Jews declared freedom fighters
(JTA) — Lithuania's Parliament passed an amendment recognizing Holocaust-era rescuers of Jews as freedom fighters.
The amendment, which entitles the families of rescuers to special state pensions, passed Tuesday by a majority of 72 lawmakers present, the news site 15min.lt reported.
The Jewish Community of Lithuania praised the vote. "Finally, the Lithuanian government has expressed its positive attitude toward fellow Jews," a statement said.
"It has taken them many years to consent to a request to show greater attention and support for the people who rescued Jews during the Holocaust thorough their humane and heroic act, which they performed while looking death in the eye in disregard to their own safety," the Baltic News Service quoted a community spokesperson as saying.
The change to Lithuania's Law on the Legal Status of the Participants of the Resistance to the 1940–1990 Occupations could make several dozen people eligible for state pensions reserved for freedom fighters. In addition, a one-time grant will be paid retroactively to families of Lithuanians who died while saving Jews, according to 15min.lt.
The total cost of the pensions and grants are estimated at $730,000. The amendment will take effect next month.
Lithuania's government has faced harsh criticism from Jewish groups, including the Simon Wiesenthal Center, for a number of laws and monuments that draw parallels between Communist-era crimes and Nazi war crimes in Lithuania, where Nazi troops and local collaborators murdered 95 percent of the country's 250,000 Jews.


It's interesting to note that most people will never fly in a helicopter in their life and I've flown in a helicopter twice already in just over a year. But the opportunity to see a new city from above is just too alluring to turn down! I mean, how can you not want to see an entire city from a perspective much better - and much more breathtaking - than the street. Google Earth can help, but nothing compares to the real thing.
It is fascinating to see Orlando's stretch of the I-4 from 1000 feet in the air. After seeing Harry Potter's World from above, we ditched our original idea to go there. This was much better than standing in line with those poor people down there! This was cool!
Our tour took us over Lake Eola, downtown Orlando, right by the Executive Airport, over Universal, Sea World, and many other landmarks. It was a windy day, so it felt a bit like a roller coaster, but a helicopter ride is always a good way to get around. I'd love to have one of my own!
Try it - I'm sure you'd love to tell everyone about the experience....it's a good life!


Totally sick outfit!! Love the combination of the shirt with the pants. I wouldn't think to put those pieces together usually, but it looks fantastic!!
Congrats on finishing your first year of med school- that's quite an accomplishment! I just discovered your beautiful blog and I am already obsessed, these leggings are perfect.
I run a style advice App/site that has just launched in the USA called 'What Should I Wear' at www.whatshouldiwearusa.com .
We love to introduce stylish blogs to our community and were wondering if we could do a Q&A via email with one of your staff/editors? Simple questions like "what is your inspiration?".
Let us know if we can send through our fun questions and then we'll feature you in one of our blog posts!
Nice outfit! I love your blouse! <3 I'm following you and hope you'll follow me, too.
I have followed you with gfc.


Aids spine and hip flexibility; nourishes the spinal nerves; strengthens the back.
1. Lie down on the floor on a blanket or a mat.
2. Place your arms straight at your sides with your palms down and legs together.
3. Inhale, then raise your legs up.
4. Exhale, then inhale and bring your hips off the floor. Put your hands on your lower back for support, keeping your elbows close to your body.
5. Without bending your knees, exhale and bring your legs down behind your head, trying to touch your feet to the floor. Breathe.
6. You may not be able to touch the floor. Bring your legs only as far back as comfortable. To release, roll out of the pose onto your back.
Post tags, benefits of plow pose, halasana (plough pose), halasana contraindications, halasana steps, how to do halasana easily, plough pose.


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Mark Schafer, Ph.D.
President & Chief Technology Officer
Mark Schafer is a leading ultrasound industry expert. He holds 25 patents and has served in senior management roles for many early stage companies developing innovative ultrasonic devices. Mark was most recently the CTO of Sound Surgical Technologies, a successful cosmetic ultrasound company. He earned a BSEE from MIT, an MS in Acoustics from Penn State and a PhD in Biomedical Engineering from Drexel University.
Mark Steele
Mark D. Steele, Executive Chairman, is an experienced leader in cosmetic & dermatology consumer products, with over 30 years in commercialization. Most recently he was at Johnson & Johnson as President of The NeoStrata Company, which he sold to JNJ in 2016. He had run NeoStrata, a leader in physician dispensed and premium skin care, for over 10 years. Previously, he held senior positions at Pfizer, Warner-Lambert and Procter & Gamble. Mark holds a BS in Biology & Marketing from UConn, and an MBA from Syracuse.
Tessie McNeely, Ph.D.
Vice President & Chief Science Officer
Tessie McNeely is an expert on infectious disease and biofilms. She served in senior scientific roles at Merck for 17 years where she was recognized with four key R&D awards, generated 13 patents, and numerous scientific publications. She was the Principal Scientist for R&D of bacterial vaccines including a vaccine for acne. She earned a BA from Berea College, Ky, and a PhD from UNC at Chapel Hill, NC.
Ian Shipway
Senior Director of Operations
Ian Shipway has over 20 years of product development experience focused on medical technology. He has a track record of leading multi-disciplined teams, advancing products through commercialization, and securing regulatory approvals. His most recently served as Director of Systems Engineering at Neuronetics, a pioneer in neuro-stimulation devices. Previously, Ian held senior engineering positions at Puricore and Animas (now JNJ). He earned a BSEE from the University of Western Australia.
Adam Dakin
Director ActiveProtective and Co-founder Plexus Innovation Hub
Adam Dakin has served as CEO for numerous early stage, venture-backed medical device companies. He has secured over $50 million in early stage venture and strategic partner funding and led several M&A transactions. Adam previously served as the CEO of Bioconnect Systems. As former CEO of X-SITE Medical, he led the company's sale to DataScope Corp. He also serves on the boards of Essential Medical, ActiveProtective Corp., and numerous academic commercialization committees. He was awarded the PACT 2014 MedTech Leadership Award. Adam earned a BSE from the Wharton School and an MBA from UCLA.
Chuck Hadley
ActiveProtective
Chuck began his venture capital career with Hillman Medical Ventures, an early stage medical technology venture capital fund, which he co-founded in 1988. He led that firm's medical device sector investing. In 2007, he joined Cardinal Partners as a General Partner, retiring in 2013.
Chuck also serves as Executive Chairman at ActiveProtective Technologies, board chairman of Bioconnect Systems, and a director at Prescription Advisory Services & Technology. He earned MBA and JD degrees from Stanford University.
Princeton Biopharma Capital Partners, LLC
Michael has over 20 years of experience in the healthcare industry with a successful track record of forming and growing new enterprises. He founded Princeton Biopharma Capital Partners, LLC is a private equity firm. Prior to Princeton Biopharma, he was the founder and CEO of Aton Pharma, Inc., acquired by Valeant Pharmaceuticals for $330 million. He was a recipient of the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 2009.
Michael also serves on the boards of Covis Pharma S.à.r.l, Curaseal, and Princeton Biopharma. He holds both a Bachelor's and Master's of Science from the University of Pittsburgh and a MBA from The Wharton School.
James Leyden, MD
Emeritus Professor of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Health System
Guy Webster, MD
Clinical Professor of Dermatology, Jefferson Medical College
Diane Thiboutot, MD
Professor of Dermatology, Assoc. Dean of Clinical and Translational Research Education, Penn State College of Medicine
Richard Fried, MD, Ph.D.
Clinical Director at Yardley Dermatology
If you would like to support our innovative efforts in making patient's lives better, please contact us.


With over 400 million monthly active users, Instagram is a great network for gaining online visibility and building an audience for your brand. If you have an account you're just getting started with or need a little guidance, here are my top 7 tips to launch your business on Instagram!
Instagram is all about the visuals, so aside from using great visuals – getting the look and feel of your branding across to consumers is essential in standing out on the social media network. Narrow down filters that compliment your company or brand – not only will this give consumers a visual signal that they've arrived on your profile but will make your life a lot easier without having to shuffle and decide what filters to use for each post.
Your biography is a chance to let people know what your brand is all about. Include a link to your website or any other page you'd like to lead traffic to.
There are many ways to build buzz around the launch of your business' Instagram account. Again if you have a following on other networks, get them involved! Post content teasing about the account launch, and when it launches post content with links to the account. You can use the same tactic and send a blast to your email list. Remember those influencers that you recruited to help you launch? Leverage their reach – ask them to post about the launch (and tag everything correctly) – they may be so excited to have been a part of the project that they give you a shoutout with out being asked. You can even coordinate an influencer account takeover (this is when the influencer takes over and posts updates via your account for a specified amount of time). One last way to build buzz is to run a contest. You can use your new Instagram account to get the word out or create a landing page where visitors can drop their emails for launch updates.
Don't send potential followers to a blank page! Have a few posts to set the tone, and for them to look at. This will get some interaction going right from the start.
Being able to keep track of likes, best times to post and more audience insights will be instrumental in keeping your account growing in the right direction. Analytics will let you know if your strategy is working or not, and what kind of content your audience is interested in. There are many paid, and free tools – at the moment I use both Squarelovin and Webstagram – along with manual excel sheets.
As with any social media network you have to be consistent with posts and engage with people on the network. Use hashtags related to your content/brand/industry in posts, use videos as well as photos, participate in related hashtag trends (hit the little house icon to see whats trending), like photos and talk to people!. It's okay to start with sharing content you already have in your content plan pipeline but try to have a little fun and throw some neighborhood, lifestyle, behind the scenes and other Instagram exclusive posts into the mix. This should entice customers to follow your account since they won't be getting this content on any other of your brand profiles.
As with any other network, building a following will take some work, patience and monitoring. Instagram will give your business (big or small) the opportunity to reach new potential customers, and get a little creative with your content. I hope you found this article useful and use my 7 tips to successfully launch your business on Instagram!


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Click HERE for the pdf version.
Haiti faces an electoral crisis that undermines the government's democratic functioning and cripples governance. Legislative elections that were constitutionally required in 2011 and 2013 have been stalled, and as a result, the terms of most members of Parliament expired on January 12, 2015. Consequently, ninety-nine (99) members of the House of Deputies and ten (10) members of the Senate were forced to vacate their seats – leaving just ten (10) members of Parliament remaining. These remaining ten are unable to obtain the quorum necessary to enact laws. With Parliament unable to act, President Martelly now has no parliamentary oversight, and has claimed the power to issue executive orders in order to resolve the current electoral crisis, among other issues of national concern.
This briefing paper explains the electoral crisis and analyzes the constitutional and legal issues at stake as the country prepares for the overdue elections. The current electoral crisis includes:
The expiration of all House of Deputies seats and one third of Senate seats on January 12, 2015.
The vacancy of another one third of the Senate since January 2012, when their terms expired without elections for the seats. From that point until January 12, 2015, with ten vacant seats, the Senate did not have a quorum to conduct business unless fifteen of the remaining twenty members participated. Six Senators were able to prevent a vote by refusing to participate.
The terms of all mayors also expired in 2012. Those elected officials were replaced by "municipal agents," who were unconstitutionally appointed by President Martelly.
The Constitution requires Presidential elections to held by the end of 2015.
Although elections must be held as soon as possible to install democratically-elected legislators and mayors, the elections will only remedy Haiti's political crisis if they are run fairly by a lawfully-constructed electoral council, the body responsible for overseeing elections. The most recent Provisional Electoral Council (CEP) was not constituted in accordance with the Constitution. The Consultative Commission, assembled in November by President Martelly amidst national and international pressure, made a number of constructive recommendations to move past political and legal roadblocks and hold elections in 2015. Among the recommendations were replacing Prime Minister Laurent Lamothe, creating a new CEP and liberating political prisoners. These recommendations and the government's quick implementation of some of the recommendations are a positive step towards ending the political impasse and holding elections in 2015.
But the political crisis was not created overnight, nor can it be resolved overnight. Fair elections will require an impartial, independent and constitutional CEP to facilitate the free participation of all political parties. The process must also install trust among political actors, but also the electorate. The Martelly Administration's repeated efforts to implement election-related policies that fall short of constitutional requirements has deeply undermined the trust that is essential for elections, especially those held without Parliamentary oversight. Many of the government's opponents believe that fair elections are impossible under President Martelly. The mistrust has been aggravated by measures taken by the international community that have convinced Haitians across the political spectrum that the international community, including the United Nations, the United States and the Organization of American States, have taken sides in this election, in favor of President Martelly rather than in favor of fair elections. This perception reduces the international community's ability to play a meditating role.
BACKGROUND: ELECTIONS DELAYED, RIGHTS DENIED
Haiti's elections have been delayed for many reasons, but the principal roadblock has been the lack of a constitutionally-mandated electoral council to oversee the election process. The failure to hold timely legislative elections, and the ensuing difficulties in reaching a quorum in the Senate, has effectively allowed President Martelly to rule without legislative oversight for most of his term. For example, in November 2013, the Senate held a vote of no confidence on the Prime Minister and two other ministers. The Senators present voted overwhelmingly against the ministers, but because of the ten vacant seats they fell just short of the sixteen votes necessary to force the government's resignation.[1] As a result, the vote had no legal effect and the ministers were able to stay in office despite the lack of support from the legislature.
Permanent vs. Provisional Electoral Council
Haiti's Constitution provides for two types of electoral councils: provisional and permanent.[2] The electoral council plays a crucial role in elections. In addition to organizing and overseeing elections, including determining the results, the council drafts the electoral law that dictates the terms of elections, which is submitted to Parliament for final approval. The Provisional Electoral Council was an interim solution placed in Haitian's 1987 Constitution to oversee the first election of a President, local officials and a complete Parliament. After the first election, a Permanent Electoral Council would be established for future elections according to Article 192 of the Constitution. In practice, a Permanent Electoral Council has never been properly constituted; a Provisional Electoral Council has run every Haitian election since 1990.
The Provisional Electoral Council is to be comprised of nine members pursuant to Article 289 of Haiti's Constitution, chosen from nine different sectors of society (Executive Branch, Catholic Bishop's Conference, Advisory Council, Supreme Court, human rights organizations, the University Council, journalists associations, Protestant religions, and the National Council of Cooperatives).[3] The Constitution recognizes that in a situation like the current one, where the three branches of government are not fully operational, public confidence and fairness will be enhanced if the Council is chosen from a broad spectrum of public actors, rather than by government branches with limited legitimacy and independence.
Amendments to Haiti's Constitution, finalized in 2012, simplified the procedures for choosing the Permanent Electoral Council.[4] The permanent council is to be comprised of nine members as well, but each branch of government – Executive, Judicial and Legislative – appoints three members.[5] The term of each member is nine years.
Controversial Electoral Council Appointments
Haitian parliamentarians, political opposition and human rights groups claim that President Martelly has delayed elections since he came into office in May 2011 by establishing electoral councils that did not comply with the law and that provided the Executive branch with unfair influence in the election process. Political stalemates resulted when critics resisted these unlawful and unfair initiatives.
Permanent Electoral Council in 2012
President Martelly attempted to appoint a Permanent Electoral Council in 2012, but many of the appointments were controversial. The President of the Council, a close Presidential ally and former Minister of Justice, was forced to resign following a rape accusation by an electoral council employee.[6] According to human rights groups and some members of Parliament, the judicial branch's selections were not independent because President Martelly illegally named three Supreme Court justices in 2012 (Chief Justice Anel Alexis Joseph was over the maximum age of appointment and the other two were not selected from the official lists submitted by the Senate as required by Article 175 of the Constitution). These appointments allowed President Martelly to influence the nomination of the Superior Council of Judicial Power, a new judicial council headed by Justice Joseph, which selected the Permanent Electoral Council's judicial members.
Many Senators opposed appointing candidates from the legislative branch to the nine-year Permanent Council terms. They felt that a Senate missing one-third of its members lacked the legitimacy to make such a long-term appointment to a critical position. They proposed naming one more Provisional Council to run elections to complete the Senate, after which a Permanent Council could be established to run the elections scheduled for 2013. President Martelly attempted to convene the Permanent Electoral Council with only 6 of the 9 seats filled, but the council lacked legality and credibility, and was never operational.[7]
Collège Transitoire du Conseil Électoral Permanent (CTCEP) in 2013
In December 2012, President Martelly and others, including the Senate, agreed to appoint a compromise entity called, the Collège Transitoire du Conseil Électoral Permanent (known by its French acronym "CTCEP"). Named in April 2013, the CTCEP was charged with drafting a new electoral law.[8] The appointments were made in accordance with the Article 192 method of appointing a Permanent Electoral Council – each branch of government selecting three members, but with an understanding that they would only serve until the election was completed. Similar to the appointment of members to the Permanent Electoral Council in 2012, however, the Executive branch largely controlled the CTCEP appointment process for the Executive and Judicial appointments, and influenced the Legislative appointments. The Senate found it difficult to meet quorum with one-third of its seats vacant. The CTCEP submitted a proposed electoral law to a Presidential commission on July 1, 2013. The President submitted the law to parliament in September 2013, and after growing tensions and accusations of intentional delays on both sides, both chambers passed the electoral law at the end of 2013.[9]
Provisional Electoral Council (CEP) in 2014
In March 2014, President Martelly and some political parties, parliamentarians, and members of civil society signed the El Rancho Accord, which proposed to hold elections on October 26, 2014, rename the CTCEP to a Provisional Electoral Council, and approve necessary amendments to the 2013 electoral law.[10] The Accord was not approved by the Senate and was widely denounced as a maneuver by the President to circumvent the legislature's exclusive prerogative to approve the electoral law.[11] Although many civil society organizations signed the Accord, many others refused, including virtually every political party with a record of electoral success, other than the President's party.
Many parliamentarians, including six of the twenty sitting senators (known as the G6) opposed the Accord on constitutional grounds,[12] because the proposed CEP a) would in essence be the former CTCEP composed under the permanent council procedures, although each government branch was permitted to replace one of their appointed members; and b) would be authorized to bypass the legislature and pass electoral law amendments. As a result of these objections, the Senate never voted on the El Rancho Accord.
Despite the Senate's constitutional objections and refusal to approve the El Rancho Accord, President Martelly implemented a new CEP in May 2014 based on the Accord guidelines, which contained 7 of the 9 members from the CTCEP.[13] The G6 senators, opposition groups and human rights groups protested, and called for a new, constitutionally-mandated CEP. The G6 refused to participate in a vote on the proposed electoral law, as it had been prepared by the President rather than the CEP, as required by the Constitution. There was no vote on the electoral law and elections did not take place on October 26, 2014.
Amidst growing political protests and public calls for the government to step down, President Martelly appointed an eleven-member Consultative Commission on November 28, 2014, to propose a solution to the political crisis.
RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE CONSULTATIVE COMMISSION
On December 8, 2014, the President's Consultative Commission released recommendations for resolving the political crisis and moving forward with elections. The Commission's recommendations respond to calls from opposition parties and human rights groups and address some of the legal issues, but will need to be fully implemented in a manner consistent with the Constitution if there is to be real progress towards inclusive and fair elections. The Commission's key recommendations are:[14]
The immediate release of political prisoners;
The dismantling of the current Provisional Electoral Council (from the El Rancho Accord) and establishment of a new Provisional Electoral Council in accordance with the Constitution;
The resignation of Prime Minister Laurent Lamothe and the formation of a consensus government;
The resignation of the president of the Superior Council of Judicial Power, a judicial council tasked with securing judicial independence and appointing members of the judiciary; and
Voting on the amendments to the 2013 Electoral Law.
President Martelly announced that he accepts the recommendations of the Consultative Commission. At the time of this publication, implementation of several of the recommendations has begun, including the resignation of the El Rancho CEP, the release of an estimated 20 political prisoners, and the resignation of the Prime Minister. These recommendations and the status of implementation are discussed more fully below.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF KEY RECOMMENDATIONS
Establishment of a Constitutional Provisional Electoral Council
The Consultative Commission recommended the establishment of a constitutional CEP by January 12, 2015, to oversee elections. This recommendation echoes what the political opposition has consistently called for since the President created the Permanent Electoral Council in 2012.
The CEP created after the El Rancho Accord was unconstitutional; it was essentially the former CTCEP appointed according to the Permanent Electoral Council process. The El Rancho Accord allowed each of the three branches to withdraw and reappoint one seat. With 7 of the 9 CTCEP members, the new CEP was essentially the CTCEP. As a provisional council, the CEP should have been established in accordance with Article 289, as the Commission recognized, which calls for the nine members to be selected from nine different sectors of society.
The Executive branch's repeated efforts to control the Permanent Electoral Council, CTCEP and the CEP have contributed to widespread concern that the CEP will not allow for fair and inclusive elections. In 2010 elections, the CEP that was hand picked by then President René Préval and marred by corruption allegations arbitrarily excluded over a dozen political parties without providing an explanation adequately grounded in Haitian law. In light of the exclusions and other irregularities, voters deemed the elections unfair and refused to vote. Less than 23 percent of voters participated in the 2010 Presidential and Parliamentary elections.[15]
On December 18, 2014, the nine current CEP members sent a letter to President Martelly announcing that they would resign upon the appointment of a new CEP.[16] On January 7, 2015, the Martelly administration announced that a new CEP would be appointed within 48 hours.[17] On January 11, 2015, the Executive signed an accord with four parties from the political opposition regarding the reconstitution of the CEP.[18] The accord stipulated that a new CEP would be created "in the spirit of Article 289 of the Constitution," which would include constituents from the nine groups provided for in the Constitution.[19] The proposed CEP deviated from the relevant constitutional provisions in several respects, including the participation of new civil society groups, and prohibiting the participation of government agents and political parties. The corresponding accord required the approval of Parliament by January 12, 2015, before it could go into effect –giving Parliament a mere 24 hours to approve the plan.[20]
This accord was neither joined, nor supported by key opposition groups.[21] As a result, several key parliamentarians did not participate in the January 12, 2015 vote, which contributed to the failure to obtain a quorum to vote on the proposal for the CEP.[22] President Martelly has stated that he will appoint a CEP based on the agreement. He has asked the specified organizations to present their nominations.[23] Without the checks and balances of parliamentary oversight, there are serious concerns whether a CEP that meets constitutional requirements can be reconstituted.
Release of Political Prisoners
The release of political prisoners is also a welcome and critical step to ensuring that elections are inclusive and that political opponents to the government can participate in elections without intimidation and unlawful punishment. Since President Martelly took office, leaders of the political opposition, activists and human rights defenders have faced increased harassment, threats and in many cases, arbitrary arrest and prolonged detention.[24] The leading role played by the judicial branch in this persecution indicates a troubling lack of judicial independence and failure to provide human rights protections and legal remedies for political opposition groups.
Since the recommendations, over 20 political prisoners have been released. Among them, Enold and Josué Florestal (the Florestal brothers) were released on December 19, 2014. The Florestal brothers were arrested in connection with a murder case after they filed a lawsuit in 2012 against President Martelly's wife, Sophia Martelly, and son Oliver Martelly, for corruption. In October 2014, the Florestal brothers and their lawyer, André Michel (an outspoken leader of RNDP, the political party that finished second in Presidential elections in 2011, 2006, 2000 and 1991), were indicted in the 2010 murder case with little to no factual justification. On December 17, 2014, the case was referred to the court of appeals, which ordered the brothers' liberation.[25]
Biron Odigé and Rony Timothée, leaders of the opposition organization FOPARK, were also released from custody after being apprehended after participating in a demonstration on October 26, 2014. Lawyer Evel Fanfan confirmed that 17 of 18 individuals arrested in connection to an October 17, 2014 demonstration have also been released.[26]
A key player in the Executive Branch's use of the courts to attack political opponents is Judge Lamarre Bélizaire, a President Martelly appointee. Judge Bélizaire's 2012 appointment was illegal, because he did not meet Haiti's 5-year legal experience requirement for judges, and had not observed a required break between employment as a prosecutor and installation as a judge. Although cases are supposed to be randomly distributed among the judges of the Port-au-Prince trial court, Judge Bélizaire has received the vast majority of politically-sensitive cases. He handled the cases of the Florestal brothers and Biron Odigé and Rony Timothée, as well as prominent and controversial investigations against former President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, who heads Haiti's most popular political party, Fanmi Lavalas.[27] That investigation started in August 2014 and has targeted many senior members of Lavalas. The investigation has been criticized by human rights groups across the political spectrum as illegal and politically-motivated. Judge has been suspended by the Port-au-Prince Bar Association for 10 years, starting when he leaves the bench, because of his illegal pursuit of political dissidents.
Resignation of the President of the Superior Council of Judicial Power
According to the law creating the Superior Council of Judicial Power (known by its French acronym "CSPJ"), which is tasked with promoting the independence of the judiciary and names the judiciary's CEP candidate, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court serves as the CSPJ President.[28] Chief Justice Anel Alexis Joseph's 2012 appointment by President Martelly to serve on the Supreme Court was illegal because he exceeded the maximum legal age to hold office.[29] By extension, his role as head of the CSPJ is also illegal, and provides the Executive with substantial leverage on the position tasked with ensuring judicial independence.
Chief Justice Joseph resigned from the Supreme Court (and thereby the CSJP) on January 7, 2015.[30]
Resignation of the Prime Minister
Among the Consultative Commission's recommendations, the Prime Minister's resignation has received the most attention in the media. The resignation of the Prime Minister is a political, and not a legal issue. Although the Prime Minister's resignation may serve to ease political tensions, inclusive and fair elections will ultimately depend on the implementation of the recommendations concerning the CEP and the respect of all of the Constitutional requirements for elections.
The Consultative Commission called for the establishment of a consensus government that includes political opposition parties. The President nominated Evans Paul, the leader of a political organization known as KID, as the new Prime Minister on Christmas Day. Under the Constitution, the President chooses the Prime Minister in consultation with the presidents of the Senate and House of Deputies. The President's choice must be ratified by Parliament. Opposition parties and some senators have said that Mr. Paul cannot be considered a consensus Prime Minister under the Consultative Commission's recommendations, because he was chosen unilaterally by the President.[31] Approving Mr. Paul as Prime Minister was one of several issues covered in the January 11th accord, which Parliament failed to ratify.[32] Mr. Paul's appointment was officially confirmed by President Martelly in a presidential address on January 16.[33] In his address, President Martelly announced that there would be a government named within 48 hours.
Voting on Electoral Law Amendments
The Consultative Commission called on the Senate and the House of Deputies — through the convocation of an emergency session — to vote on amendments to the 2013 Electoral Law. In order for the elections to proceed in accordance with the Constitution, the electoral amendments will need to be prepared by the new CEP then transmitted to the President in accordance with Article 191.1, who then submits the law to Parliament for approval. Simple approval of the current amendments by the two houses of parliament without the involvement of a legally-constituted CEP would be once again skirting Haiti's Constitution.
The agreement to extend parliamentary terms reached on December 29, 2014, by President Martelly, leaders of both house of Parliament and the CSJP was conditioned on passing amendments to the electoral law before January 12, 2015, when the current legislative terms were set to expire. Parliament convened on January 11, 2015 to consider a vote on the law, but lacked the participation of key opposition parliamentarians, and thus, fell short of the necessary quorum.[34] Parliamentarians in the opposition declined to participate in the vote to demonstrate their frustration with the negotiations process.[35] A failure to meaningfully consult opposition parliamentarians in the drafting of the December 29 agreement, in addition to the excessive involvement of foreign governments, generated great frustration among the opposition.[36]
Opposition parliamentarians maintained their dissatisfaction with the negotiation process when a vote was called the following day, as Parliament again lacked the necessary quorum to come to a vote.[37]As a result, 99 seats of the House of Deputies and 10 out of 30 seats in the Senate have expired, leaving the Parliament without the quorum necessary to pass future laws.[38] As of the time of publication, there are only 10 parliamentarians who remain in office.[39]
CONCERNS & WHAT CAN THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY DO TO SUPPORT FAIR, INCLUSIVE AND TIMELY ELECTIONS IN HAITI?
Progress in earthquake reconstruction, stabilizing Haiti's democracy and ending poverty will only be possible if the upcoming elections in Haiti are fair and inclusive. The government's implementation of many of the Consultative Commission's recommendations and the December 29 agreement are positive steps toward ending the political crisis and holding elections. However, last-minute concessions and negotiations do not suffice to reverse the political disorder caused by the Martelly administration's failure to hold elections over the last four years. This undue delay has jeopardized governance at the national and municipal levels, and generated a lack of trust in the Martelly administration's willingness to administer fair and free elections in 2015.
It is essential that elections in Haiti follow the Constitutional prescriptions as closely as possible, and are managed to establish the trust of opposition parties and the Haitian voters. Establishing trust will be especially difficult without the counterbalance of a Parliament. Already, many government opponents have concluded that the Administration cannot hold fair elections, and are calling for the President's resignation before elections can be held. The distrust in the electoral process has been aggravated by the perception that the international community has chosen President Martelly over the Haitian voters. The perception is broad-based, is held across Haiti's political spectrum, and is expressed regularly by members of Parliament, in the press and on the streets through demonstrations. The perception was fueled recently by unjustified attacks by MINUSTAH soldiers against demonstrators, including one officer filmed firing live ammunition at protestors, by the U.S. Ambassador's presence at Parliament during the attempted votes on the political accord on January 10 and 11, and the many messages of support for President Martelly just before and after he allowed the expiration of Parliament's mandate.
The Haitian Constitution requires the Electoral Law to be passed by both houses of Parliament. Without a Parliament to approve it, any electoral law, and any elections run under it, will be open to challenge as unconstitutional.
To address these concerns and ensure free and fair elections in Haiti, we encourage members of the international community to:
Call for the establishment of a Provisional Electoral Council that complies with Art. 289 of the Constitution and is selected in a fair and inclusive manner in order to ensure credibility;
Call on the Martelly administration to ensure the Provisional Electoral Council operates with independence;
Call on the Martelly administration and Provisional Electoral Council to ensure inclusion and full participation of all political parties in all facets of the electoral process;
Work with human rights groups to identify and encourage the immediate liberation of all political prisoners, and promptly denounce any future arrests of Martelly regime opponents unless clearly justified; and
Secure the Haitian public's right to freedom of assembly and expression by refraining from use excessive force on demonstrators and condemning arbitrary arrests and use of force by Haitian police.
Respect the right to Haitian self-determination and self-governance
These elections must not repeat the errors of the past.[40] Illegitimate elections in 2010, contaminated by a corrupt electoral council, illegal exclusion of political parties,[41] ballot-stuffing[42] and an arbitrary revision of the results[43] set Haiti on its way to its current political crisis. A month before the 2010 elections, 45 members of the U.S. Congress warned Secretary of State Hillary Clinton that supporting flawed elections "will come back to haunt the international community" by generating unrest and threatening the implementation of earthquake reconstruction projects.[44] The U.S. government ignored these warnings and provided the majority of the funding for those elections, directly contributing to the current crisis. The U.S. and other international donors can support rule of law and democracy by conditioning election funding on a lawful and independent electoral council that can run fair and inclusive elections.
[1] Haïti-Parlement : Trois ministres du gouvernement échappent à la censure grace à une minorité de sénateurs, AlterPresse, Nov. 6, 2013, http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article15418#.VK_y8yf6YYp. The Minister of the Interior received 15-3 votes of no confidence, the Minister of Foreign Affairs received 13-5 votes of no confidence and the Minister of Justice received 14-4 votes of no confidence. Id.
[2] Haiti Const. of 1987 (Amended 2012), arts. 289, 192. An unofficial version is available at https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Haiti_2012.pdf (last visited Dec. 30, 2014). The 2012 Amendments, published in Le Moniteur June 19, 2012, are available at http://www.oas.org/juridico/PDFs/mesicic4_hti_amend.pdf.
[3] Id. art. 289. Parliament approved an amendment to Article 289, published in Le Moniteur October 6, 2009, which changed the CEP composition to "representatives of the public sector, political parties and civil society organizations." That amendment appears to have been superseded by subsequent vote and caught in a quagmire of fraud allegations with 2011 and 2012 amendments. See Haiti – Constitution: Rapport du Group des juristes indépendents, HaitiLibre, Jul. 3, 2012, http://www.haitilibre.com/article-5106-haiti-constitution-rapport-du-groupe-de-juristes-independants-texte-integral.html. The original 1987 version of Article 289 appears to remain en vigeur.
[4] Id. art 192.
[7] Haïti-Conseil électoral permanent: Martelly passe aux actes et installe six conseillers au lieu de neuf, AlterPresse, Aug. 21, 2012, http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article13271#.VKHRfF4ANg.
[8] Haiti- Elections: Swearing in, installation, and élection of members of the Bureau of CTCP, HaitiLibre, Apr. 30, 2013, http://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-8385-haiti-elections-swearing-in-installation-and-election-of-members-of-the-bureau-of-ctcep.html. See also To rebuild Haiti, Restoring Democracy is a Must, Bloomberg, April 7, 2013, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-04-07/to-rebuild-haiti-restoring-democracy-is-a-must.html.
[9] RESEAU NATIONAL DE DEFENSE DES DROITS HUMAINS (RNDDH), Rapport Sur La Situation General Des Droits Humains en Haiti au Cours de La Troiseme Anee de Presidence de Michel Joseph Martelly 5 (2014), available at http://rnddh.org/content/uploads/2014/05/Rapport-Droits-Humains-Mai-14.pdf.
[10] El Rancho: The Church and a Fundamentally Bad Accord, Haiti Sentinel, http://www.defend.ht/columns/blogs/the-editors-blog/5488-el-rancho-the-church-and-a-fundamentally-bad-accord.
[11] Haiti – Politic: Senator Desras Asserts that Parliament is Not Linked to El Rancho Agreement, HaitiLibre, Apr. 22, 2014, http://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-10989-haiti-politic-senator-desras-asserts-that-parliament-is-not-linked-to-el-rancho-agreement.html.
[12] Haiti – Politic: The dialogue between the Executive and the Senate ends in failure, HaitiLibre, Jun. 5, 2014, http://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-11302-haiti-politic-the-dialogue-between-the-executive-and-the-senate-ends-in-failure.html.
[13] Haiti-Elections: Martelly nomme un nouveau Conseil electoral proviso ire, sans l'avis du sénat, AlterPresse, May 6, 2014, http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article16383#.VKHbAF4ANg.
[14] The full document, including other recommendations, is available here: http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/haiti/article4393117.ece/binary/Read%20the%20presidential%20commission%27s%20report%20%28PDF%29.
[15] Jake Johnston & Mark Weisbrot, Ctr. Econ. & Pol'y Research, Haiti's Fatally Flawed Election 2 (2011), available at http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/haiti-2011-01.pdf.
[16] Haiti- Flash: Démission des 9 conseillers du CEP, Haiti Libre, Dec. 19, 2014, http://www.haitilibre.com/article-12765-haiti-flash-demission-des-9-conseillers-du-cep.html.
[17] Jacqueline Charles, Haiti Supreme Court chief resigns; new electoral council to come, Miami Herald, Jan. 7, 2014, http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/haiti/article5582412.html.
[18] Haiti – Politic: The Executive signs an agreement with 4 opposition parties, Haiti Libre, Jan 12. 2015, http://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-12922-haiti-politic-the-executive-signs-an-agreement-with-4-opposition-parties.html
[20] See Haiti Const. of 1987 (Amended 2012), art. 111.
[21] Political uncertainty in Haiti as parliament is dissolved, BBC News, Jan. 14, 2015, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-30807811
[22] Ezra Fieser, Haiti Congress Misses Deadline to Avert Political Crisis, Senator Says, Bloomberg News, Jan. 13, 2015, available at http://www.businessweek.com/news/2015-01-12/haiti-s-leaders-face-midnight-deadline-to-avert-political-crisis.
[23] Martelly promet "un seul décret" pour les elections, Radio Kiskeya, Jan. 13, 2015, available at http://www.radiokiskeya.com/spip.php?article10344
[24] Inst. for Justice & Democracy in Haiti et al., Access to Judicial Remedies in Haiti (2014), available at http://www.ijdh.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/HRC_Access-to-judicial-remedies_Sept-12.pdf; see also RNDDH Report, supra note 9.
[26] Haiti-Justice: La marche vers une libération complète des prisonniers d'opinions, AlterPresse, Dec. 16, 2014, http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article17456#.VJHB98kw8dU.
[27] Ctr. For Econ. & Policy Research, Will Former President Aristide be Arrest? After 10 Years of Investigations, He Has Never Been Charged, Haiti: Relief & Reconstruction Watch Blog (Aug. 14, 2014 3:37 PM), http://www.cepr.net/index.php/blogs/relief-and-reconstruction-watch/will-former-president-aristide-be-arrested-after-10-years-of-investigations-he-has-never-been-charged.
[28] Loi Creant le Conseil Superieur du Pouvoir Judiciare, art. 1, available at http://www.leparlementhaitien.info/lesenat/kr/article/47-49e-legislature/161-loi-creant-le-conseil-superieur-du-pouvoir-judiciaire.html.
[29] Loi Portant de Stature de la Magistrature art. 51 (2007), available at http://www.oas.org/juridico/PDFs/mesicic4_hti_loi_magis.pdf (establishing a maximum legal age of 65 for the nomination of any judge).
[30] Charles, supra note 18.
[32] Haiti – Politic: The Executive signs an agreement with 4 opposition parties, HaitiLibre, Jan 12. 2015, http://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-12922-haiti-politic-the-executive-signs-an-agreement-with-4-opposition-parties.html.
[33] Haiti – Flash: Officiel, Evans Paul installé à la Primature, HaitiLibre, Jan. 17, 2015, http://www.haitilibre.com/article-12963-haiti-flash-officiel-evans-paul-installe-a-la-primature.html.
[34] Jacqueline Charles, Martelly asks Haitians to 'Give Country a Chance, Miami Herald, Jan. 12 2015, available at http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/haiti/article6066399.html.
[35] Haiti-Politique: La Plateforme 'Pitit Desalin' très remonté contre l'ambassade américaine, AlterPresse, Jan. 14, 2014, http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article17579#.VLgvvmSG9rl.
[37] Yvince Hilaire, Une dernière séance avortée, la 49e legislature part dans l'indifférence, Le Nouvelliste, Jan. 12, 2015, available at http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/haiti/article6066399.html.
[39] Roberson Alphonse, Martelly, seul maître à bord reste faible en dépit du support de l'international, Le Nouvelliste, Jan. 13, 2015 available at http://lenouvelliste.com/lenouvelliste/article/140317/Martelly-seul-maitre-a-bord-reste-faible-en-depit-du-support-de-linternational.
[40] Brian Concannon, Jr., Haiti's Flawed Elections: They Told Us So, Bos. Haitian Reporter, Nov. 2, 2010, http://www.bostonhaitian.com/node/253.
[41] Inst. for Justice & Democracy in Haiti, Haiti's November 28 Elections: Trying to Legitimize the Illegitimate (Nov. 22, 2010), available at http://ijdh.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Election-Report-11-23-2010.pdf.
[42] Jason Beaubien, Weary, And Wary, Haitians Prepare For Elections, NPR, Oct. 7, 2010, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130402973; see also Elections that Do Not Reflect the Will of the People, http://www.ijdh.org/on-the-violation-of-voting-right-in-haiti-elections-that-do-not-reflect-the-will-of-the-people-bureau-des-avocats-internationaux-canada-haiti-action-network-transafrica-forum-louisiana-justice-in/#.Ujje3dJQGuJ.
[43] Dan Beeton & Georgianne Nienaber, Haiti's Doctored Elections, Seen from the Inside: An Interview with Ricardo Seitenfus, Dissent Mag., Feb. 24, 2014, http://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/haitis-doctored-elections-seen-from-the-inside-an-interview-with-ricardo-seitenfus.
[44] Lawmakers Urge Clinton to Ensure Haiti Elections Are Inclusive, Reuters, Oct. 8, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/09/world/americas/09haiti.html?_r=1.


text:
Outfit Oracles
By Amanda Fortini
On a recent evening at the Cosmopolitan Hotel in Las Vegas, "the Bumbys," an anonymous performance-art duo that compose what they call a "Fair and Honest Appraisal of Your Appearance" while you wait, were delivering pithy assessments, like hipster pageant judges, at a cocktail party held in their honor. The occasion was a celebration of the Bumbys' residency/installation at the Cosmopolitan—through its innovative artist-in-residence program, the hotel has also hosted the likes of Fab 5 Freddy, Curtis Kulig, and MK Guth—which runs through April 1st. (Performances are Thursday through Sunday nights.) Guests had a chance to get "Bumby'ed" while simultaneously getting drunk.
As the partygoers milled around, waiting with apprehension to be critiqued—_Does my hair look ok? Is my shirt tucked in? Do I have lipstick on my teeth?—_Gill and Jill Bumby (not their real names) sat silently click-click-clicking on their typewriters from behind a table that functioned as a dais, their identities obscured by a red ski cap (Gill) a red wig (Jill), white sunglasses, and bandannas of the same colors, their hearing muffled by glossy white Skullcandy headphones. If Raggedy Ann and Andy had turned to a life of crime, they might have dressed like this. The Bumbys' aggressive insistence on anonymity can seem at first like a typical art-world affectation, but watching them work, it begins to make sense: if we knew who they were, we'd question their motivations, prejudices, tastes. An oracle must transcend individuality.
The Bumbys, who were born in 2006, when Gill started telling aesthetic fortunes for two dollars a pop at the Bedford Avenue subway station, don't interact with their subjects. People stood before them, one by one, in all their anxious, fidgeting human glory, like supplicants waiting for absolution. ("Yeah, well, I'm always worried about being assessed or judged," one guy told me, with an implicit duh, when I asked whether he was nervous.) Jill and Gill studied each person intently, then, in mere minutes, produced a poetic, humorous paragraph that reminded me how fresh and inspired writing can be when it's not too worked-over. Each Kerouacian prose poem was accompanied by a numerical ranking, from one to ten.
To a woman in minimalist black clothes and a flash of silver jewelry, the Bumbys wrote (all quotes are excerpts):
I would like to buy a significant piece of art from you anytime, power girl.
To "Pony," the blond half of Pony vs. Tiger—a pair of female d.j.s working the event—who was outfitted in a wearable version of an American flag:
Does Ms. America ride a hog? Why not? You are the fashion equivalent of Texas.
To the manager of a local-news station, a self-contained man neatly attired in a crisp green-checked shirt and military-short red hair:
One look at the back of your head and I can tell that you're a person who likes a clean apartment, a Frette sheet, a haircut from a man who feels the same way. I bet you cook and have the sharpest Japanese knives in all of Vegas.
To a vacationer from Brazil, a young woman with sun-streaked brown locks, perfect white teeth, and tan legs sprouting from denim short-shorts:
You understand how to make the light flicker off your lashes, you know how to tilt your head just so. What you haven't figured out yet, is how to stop scaring and intimidating boys with your look. Fuck 'em. Beauty is forever.
Observing all this, one couldn't help but think that Las Vegas is a fitting city for an act that comments on people's looks. Because as much as Las Vegas is about sin and smut and keeping what happens there secret, it is also about glitter and glamour and outward appearances. For the women prowling the casinos in napkin-sized dresses and the high-rolling men in expensive cuff-linked shirts, the exterior clearly matters.
So it is, to some degree, for most people—and not just in Las Vegas, of course. The Bumbys' shtick points out that all of us are making snap judgments, all the time, based on little more than a glance. Most of us, to put it rather bluntly, are also self-conscious, approval-seeking narcissists fascinated by what other people think and say about us, especially when it's positive. (The Facebook "like" has surely proven that.) What's more, our culture has become obsessed with pseudo-scientific statistics that purport to be "objective" about a quality as inherently subjective as appearance: from Ok Cupid's algorithmic ranking of users according to their attractiveness, to the "Who Wore it Best" percentages published in Us Weekly. The sly genius of the Bumbys is that they gently prod and poke and send up human nature while somehow keeping the game lighthearted, the atmosphere fizzy and fun.
The feel-good vibe stems mostly from the fact that the Bumbys don't render negative assessments. "Honestly, our mantra is just sort of positive energy, we feel there's enough negativity in the world," the Bumbys producer and wrangler, a dapper man named Viranda Tantula, told me. "When people hear 'Fair and Honest Appraisal' they assume it's going to be a judgment, and it's not." The lowest number I saw was an 8.7, awarded to a woman wearing an unfortunate tent-style blouse, but there was no mention of the blouse or anything else unfavorable in her glowing, you-have-a-great-personality précis.
The appeal of a Bumby evaluation is the solipsistic appeal of a palm reading: it's all about you, you, you. "I loooov it," the young Brazilian woman cooed when I asked what she thought of Jill's take on her. Indeed, the guests were delighted by their appraisals—the Bumbys had caught each person's essence_,_ not just assayed his or her appearance—and eager to share them with each other. Even those who might have been unenthused about listening to what is tantamount to someone else's horoscope could take heart. They, too, had a Bumbys report to foist on someone.
And now, I'll foist mine on you. Since I'm an equal-opportunity reporter, I paid a visit to both Gill and Jill. Waiting in line, I felt unsure how to stand, uncertain where to look. Would movement distract them? Should I stare at my feet, my hands, the floor? Was it too brazen to look them directly in the eye? When one of the hotel's publicists began to talk to me, I wanted to yell, "Stop! You're ruining my tableau!" Jill, who snuck a straw under her bandana and sipped champagne while she wrote, remarked mainly on my outfit, a tiny gray dress with matching gray lace tights that she called "delicious." Gill's comments, however, were bizarrely intuitive: "You look like Maggie Gyllenhaal if she had her own class on modern theoretical fiction at Columbia on Mondays, Wednesday, and Fridays, but then has other commitments to your own book that you're currently in the process of writing while living in upstate New York because you need the peace and solitude to really work." I don't teach fiction, but I am one of those overly serious, academic types (apparently, even in cocktail attire I convey this). I write journalism while also holing up in Montana, my version of upstate New York, to work on my book.
As I exited the gallery space to head to a club called "Surrender," where I would soon witness plenty of Bumbying in the wild, I heard someone yell, "Dude, the baby got Bumby'ed!" The Bumbys themselves had vaporized at some point, but there, in the middle of the room, was a baby named Sagan, gumming his typewritten note card. I asked his mother's permission to remove the paper from his mouth. It was wet with slobber. "First of all, your ears are yummy looking…" it began, and ended with: "I predict you'll be a great drummer someday." A prophesy? It read like one.
Photograph by Donna Ward/Getty Images/MAC.
Amanda Fortini is a writer and a visiting lecturer at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
More:Las Vegas


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England vs South Africa 2nd T20 Live Cricket Score, ENG v RSA, 2020
The 2nd T20 international (T20I) match between England v South Africa on February 14, 2020 at Kingsmead, Durban; the game starts at 12:30 PM GMT. England and South Africa have played 16 games against each other in T20 international, here are the T20I stats between these two sides:
Matches – 16
England won – 6
South Africa won – 9
No Result – 1
TV Guide: Sony Six and Sony Six HD to broadcast live coverage of England v South Africa three-match One-Day International (ODI), three-match T20 International and four-match Test series in India and its subcontinent (Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Bhutan, and Maldives) countries, all matches streamed live in the Indian subcontinent on SonyLiv (Website, App).
Sony Pictures Sports Networks India (SPNI) has bagged exclusive telecast rights for International matches played in South Africa; they also acquired OTT (Audio, Video, and other media services via the internet) right.
Cricket viewers in the United States can watch England tour of South Africa on Willow TV and Sky Sports Cricket to broadcast live coverage in the United Kingdom. SuperSport to telecast live coverage of South Africa vs England series in South Africa; all matches live streamed on the SuperSport digital platform (Website, App).
India & Subcontinent: Sony Six, Sony Six HD, SonyLiv
New Zealand: SKY Sport NZ
USA: Willow TV
Canada: Willow TV
South Africa: SuperSport, SABC
UK: Sky Sports Cricket
Australia: Fox Sports
South Africa v England 2nd T20 Live Cricket Score, RSA vs ENG, 2020
Dates February 14, 2020
Match South Africa vs England, 2nd t20I
Venue Kingsmead, Durban
Time 12:30 PM GMT, 02:30 PM LOCAL, 06:00 PM IST
TV Guide England vs South Africa 2019-20 TV Listings
Tournament England tout of South Africa, 2019-20
Matches – 16, ENG Won – 6, RSA Won – 9, NR – 1
England cricket team is favorite to win
Toss South Africa opt to bowl
ENG Playing XI Jason Roy, Jos Buttler (wk), Jonny Bairstow, Eoin Morgan (c), Joe Denly, Ben Stokes, Moeen Ali, Tom Curran, Chris Jordan, Adil Rashid, Mark Wood
RSA Playing XI Temba Bavuma, Quinton de Kock (wk/c), Rassie van der Dussen, JJ Smuts, David Miller, Dwaine Pretorius, Andile Phehlukwayo, Beuran Hendricks, Tabraiz Shamsi, Lungi Ngidi, Bjorn Fortuin
Result England won by 2 runs
England T20I Squad: Eoin Morgan (c), Jason Roy, Jos Buttler, Ben Stokes, Jonny Bairstow, Dawid Malan, Moeen Ali, Joe Denly, Sam Curran, Tom Curran, Saqib Mahmood, Chris Jordan, Matthew Parkinson, Adil Rashid and Mark Wood.
South Africa T20I Squad: Quinton de Kock (c/wk), Reeza Hendricks, Temba Bavuma, Rassie van der Dussen, David Miller, Pite van Biljon, Dwaine Pretorius, Andile Phehlukwayo, Jon-Jon Smuts, Beuran Hendricks, Tabraiz Shamsi, Lungi Ngidi, Sisanda Magala, Bjorn Fortuin, Dale Steyn, Heinrich Klaasen
Jofra Archer has been ruled out of the three-match T20I series against South Africa starting February 12, after sustaining soreness to his right elbow.
Dale Steyn was named in South Africa's T20I squad to take on England in a three-match series after nearly a year's absence due to a shoulder injury.
England captain has won the toss and chose to bowl first, words from skippers after toss:
Quinton de Kock (Africa's Captain): I think it is going to be a good surface; slightly slow, but good. The old man, Steyn, is back and it is great to have him back in this environment. Temba is going to open with me. We all know the value of an all-rounder, so it's nice to have Pretorius back. Now the build up to the World Cup has begun, so it will be nice to see some guys break down the door and make selection tough for us.
Eoin Morgan (England's Captain): We're going to have a bowl first. The wicket looks really good and there's a good wind blowing across from left to right. We'll equally have to manage the dimensions and the wind and the wicket as the game goes on. Exciting times in the T20 series with the World Cup just around the corner with the senior players coming in. Buttler, Wood and Stokes come back in, they are the most experienced guys, they've played around the world and have had a lot of success. I have never played here before and so it should only be a matter of adjusting to the conditions. I think who bowls into the wind will depend on the batsmen matchups out there.
Cricket viewers around the world can also catch all the latest updates via CricketZine Facebook Page, Twitter Account, Instagram Account, and YouTube Chanel of CricketZine.


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text:
class AliFemtoDreamControlSample {
 public:
  AliFemtoDreamControlSample();
  AliFemtoDreamControlSample(const AliFemtoDreamControlSample& samp);
  AliFemtoDreamControlSample(AliFemtoDreamCollConfig *conf);
  AliFemtoDreamControlSample& operator=(const AliFemtoDreamControlSample& samp);
  virtual ~AliFemtoDreamControlSample();

  void SetEvent(std::vector<std::vector<AliFemtoDreamBasePart>> &Particles,
                AliFemtoDreamEvent *evt);
  TString ClassName() {
    return "Control sample leaking";
  }
  ;
  TList* GetHistList() {
    return fHigherMath->GetHistList();
  }
  TList* GetQAList() {
    return fHigherMath->GetQAHists();
  }

 private:
  void CorrelatedSample(std::vector<AliFemtoDreamBasePart> &part1,
                        int &PDGPart1,
                        std::vector<AliFemtoDreamBasePart> &part2,
                        int &PDGPart2, bool SameParticle, int HistCounter);
  void UncorrelatedSample(std::vector<AliFemtoDreamBasePart> &part1,
                          int &PDGPart1,
                          std::vector<AliFemtoDreamBasePart> &part2,
                          int &PDGPart2, bool SameParticle, int HistCounter);
  void PhiSpinning(std::vector<AliFemtoDreamBasePart> &part1, int PDGPart1,
                   std::vector<AliFemtoDreamBasePart> &part2, int PDGPart2,
                   bool SameParticle, int HistCounter);
  void LimitedPhiSpinning(std::vector<AliFemtoDreamBasePart> &part1,
                          int PDGPart1,
                          std::vector<AliFemtoDreamBasePart> &part2,
                          int PDGPart2, bool SameParticle, int HistCounter);
  void Randomizer(std::vector<AliFemtoDreamBasePart*> &part);
  int FindBin(float Multiplicity);
  AliFemtoDreamHigherPairMath* fHigherMath;
  std::vector<int> fPDGParticleSpecies;
  std::vector<bool> fRejPairs;
  std::vector<int> fMultBins;
  TRandom3 fRandom;
  double fPi;
  AliFemtoDreamCollConfig::UncorrelatedMode fmode;
  int fSpinningDepth;
  double fCorrelationRange;
  float fDeltaEtaMax;
  float fDeltaPhiMax;
  bool fDoDeltaEtaDeltaPhiCut;
  int fMult;
  float fCent;
  float fSummedPtLimit1;
  float fSummedPtLimit2;
  ClassDef(AliFemtoDreamControlSample, 4);
};

#endif


The national average price for gasoline is roughly the same since last Memorial Day, as well as the start of 2017.
Over 38 million people will be traveling this Memorial Day, and they'll be enjoying the fact that the national average of $2.39 per gallon is the second cheapest in been in the past decade at this time. This is especially promising for holiday road trips considering the national average for the past ten years is $3.15 for Memorial Day weekend.
According to GasBuddy, the North Dakota average is currently at $2.30 per gallon and the low is at $2.12 per gallon. In Bismarck, the low is just over the state average at $2.32. You can find that price at Sam's Club (2821 Rock Island Place).
As for the number of people on the road this holiday weekend, it is estimated to be a 7 percent increase over the number of people at this time last year.
Happy Road-Tripping, everyone! Be safe out there!


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St. Luke makes progress via One Church
Click on the button above to donate online to the One Church: Unite Arkansas in Faith and Mission initiative that supports a rural mission that needs a leg up to become a thriving community. For more information, contact Rebecca Cargile at Catholic Charities of Arkansas at (501) 664-0340.
Fr. Edward D'Almeida, pastor of St. Luke Church in Warren, recorded an update in this video to explain how donations through the One Church: Unite Arkansas in Faith and Mission campaign are being used.
He said: "The One Church initiative began last year and I'm happy to inform you that construction's begun on St. Luke's Church and classrooms in Warren, Arkansas. It's going very well. And I want to thank you for your support, your prayers and contributions. God willing, we're going to finish by Thanksgiving of this year. So once again, thank you and keep up the prayers and support. God bless."
The Diocese of Little Rock launched One Church in September 2018 to invite all parishes in Arkansas to partner with a neighboring rural parish that needs a one-time, financial boost to become a thriving community. Catholic Charities of Arkansas oversees this initiative, which runs from September to August each year.
St. Luke Church was chosen as the first One Church partner to help parishioners "raise enough money to begin renovations on an old farmers' co-op to become their new church campus. The current building, which is more than 100 years old, needs major repairs and is too small for their congregation. They have no parish hall or parking lot. The religious education building only has room to schedule two classes at a time." To learn more about this need, read Arkansas Catholic.
Parishes: Diocese offering tools to listen
2022 MLK Memorial Mass to be Jan. 15
Mass for Life set for Jan. 16 in Little Rock
January is Poverty Awareness Month in U.S.
Diocese's confirmation retreat to be Feb. 6
Make Christmas brighter for retired priests


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Wetluga () ist eine Kleinstadt in der Oblast Nischni Nowgorod (Russland) mit  Einwohnern (Stand ).

Geografie

Die Stadt liegt etwa 230 km nordöstlich der Oblasthauptstadt Nischni Nowgorod am rechten Ufer der gleichnamigen Wetluga, eines linken Nebenflusses der Wolga.

Wetluga ist Verwaltungszentrum des gleichnamigen Rajons.

Geschichte
Der Ort wurde erstmals 1636 als Dorf Schulepnikowo urkundlich erwähnt. Im 18. Jahrhundert wurde die hölzerne Auferstehungskirche (russisch zerkow Woskressenija) errichtet und das Dorf entsprechend Werchneje Woskressenije genannt (werchneje für oberes, weil weiter flussabwärts ein weiteres Dorf dieses Namens lag, heute Siedlung städtischen Typs und Rajonverwaltungszentrum Woskressenskoje).

Am 5. September 1778 wurde bei gleichzeitiger Umbenennung nach dem Namen des Flusses das Stadtrecht als Verwaltungszentrum eines Kreises (Ujesds) zunächst der Statthalterschaft Kostroma verliehen.

Die Stadt war lange wichtigstes Handelszentrum des Landstriches um den Mittellauf der Wetluga (Wetluschski krai).

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Anmerkung: Volkszählungsdaten

Kultur und Sehenswürdigkeiten
Die Stadt besitzt ein Heimatmuseum.

Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur
In Wetluga gibt es Unternehmen der Holzwirtschaft sowie der Lebensmittel- und Textilindustrie.

Die nächstgelegene Bahnstation ist Uren knapp 50 Kilometer südlich an der Strecke Moskau–Nischni Nowgorod–Kirow. Durch Wetluga führt die Straße R157 Uren–Scharja–Nikolsk–Weliki Ustjug–Kotlas.

Söhne und Töchter der Stadt

 Wassili Rosanow (1856–1919), Religionsphilosoph und Publizist
 Lew Schewjakow (1889–1963), Montanwissenschaftler und Hochschullehrer
 Nikolai Juryschew (1912–1990), Generalleutnant
 Marianna Artaschirowna Dewlet (* 1933), Prähistorikerin

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Webseite über die Stadt (russisch)
 Wetluga auf mojgorod.ru (russisch)

Ort in der Oblast Nischni Nowgorod
Ersterwähnung 1636
Stadtrechtsverleihung 1778


We provide soothing delivery, most of us sell solely certified solutions with a assurance of up to a few months and provide the kind of documentation. Often the delivery subject of Oreck Certified HEPA Media + Odor Control Replacement Filter Kit Type B3 AK46002 for Air Response Large WK16002 comforters absolutely all of countries of driving. We warranty delivery from the shortest possible time frame if the things are in all of our stock as well as manufacturer's factory.


text:
Salpinia obliqua is een keversoort uit de familie van de boktorren (Cerambycidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1966 door Villiers & Chûjô.

Boktorren


text:
Canada Research Chair (Tier 2) in Social Epistemology and Cognitive Science (EXPIRED)
Department of Philosophy, York University
AOS Social Epistemology and Cognitive Science
Location Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Canada Research Chair (Tier 2) in Social Epistemology and Cognitive Science
The Department of Philosophy at York University invites applications from scholars who specialize in the field of Social Epistemology and Cognitive Science to be nominated for a Tier 2 Canada Research Chair (CRC). The successful CRC is expected to have the necessary qualifications to be appointed as a tenured or tenure-track professor at the Assistant or Associate level. We are interested in applicants who demonstrate the potential for major and transformative scholarship in the field of social epistemology, drawing connections with cognitive science and/or other empirically informed approaches to philosophy.
Following York's strategic research prioritization of Advancing Fundamental Discovery and Critical Knowledge, we seek scholars who are undertaking research on new modes of acquiring, justifying, and disseminating knowledge in the social world. Also, in accordance with York's strategic research prioritization of Exploring the Frontiers of Science and Technology, we are interested in hiring a scholar who is engaged in understanding how technological advances affect the acquisition, justification, and dissemination of knowledge. Some of the research foci that would fall within the scope of this appointment would include: distributed cognition, collective epistemic agents, feminist epistemology, group polarization, peer disagreement, implicit bias, debiasing strategies, division of epistemic labour, epistemic injustice, and the influence of ideology and social power, among others. Interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary approaches are welcome.
The successful applicant will have a PhD in Philosophy obtained within the past 10 years, with postdoctoral fellowship experience and/or prior faculty level experience preferred. The successful applicant must have a track record of scholarship and funding expected of an exceptional emerging scholar, with a demonstrated capacity for leadership and the potential to achieve international recognition in the field. Preference will be given to those with experience supervising graduate students and/or the potential to attract, develop, and retain excellent students and future researchers. The successful applicant must have demonstrated excellence or promise of excellence in teaching and will direct courses in Epistemology and related areas at all levels, contribute to curricular development in her/his area of specialization, and participate actively in the graduate program. The successful applicant will be eligible for immediate appointment to the Faculty of Graduate Studies.
This CRC is expected to develop research linkages within and beyond York. In addition to York's highly ranked and diverse Philosophy Department, which is home to our Cognitive Science Program, there are several units at York whose research agendas may overlap with the focus of this CRC. These units include, for example, the Centre for Feminist Research, the program in Science and Technology Studies, and the Centre for Vision Research.
Established by the Government of Canada, the Canada Research Chairs (CRC) program seeks to attract exceptional researchers to Canadian universities. Appointments to Canada Research Chair positions are subject to review and approval by the Canada Research Chairs Secretariat. Complete details about the CRC program can be found on the CRC website at www.chairs-chaires.gc.ca/.
The start date for this position is July 1, 2016 or as soon as possible thereafter. Salary and rank will be commensurate with qualifications and experience. All York University positions are subject to budgetary approval. The deadline for applications is January 30, 2016.
Candidates should submit a signed letter of application, an up-to-date curriculum vitae, a sample of written work, and the names and contact information of three referees to: Professor Muhammad Ali Khalidi, Chair, Department of Philosophy, Ross Building, S431, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada. Electronic submissions can be emailed to: [email protected] (subject line: CRC Search).
York University is an Affirmative Action (AA) employer and strongly values diversity, including gender and sexual diversity, within its community. The AA Program, which applies to Aboriginal people, visible minorities, people with disabilities, and women, can be found at www.yorku.ca/acadjobs or by calling the AA office at 416-736-5713. All qualified candidates are encouraged to apply; however, Canadian citizens and Permanent Residents will be given priority.
The Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies (LA&PS) brings together internationally recognized research, a devotion to effective teaching, and a commitment to diversity, equity and social justice. The range, global sensitivity and intensity of disciplinary and interdisciplinary degree programs are mirrored by the diversity and engagement of its professors and students. Within its 21 academic units, LA&PS provides a compelling learning experience for more than 23,000 undergraduate and 1,800 graduate students. Become part of LA&PS – Canada's most comprehensive group of academic programs and researchers in social sciences, humanities and related professional fields.
Hard deadline January 30, 2016, 6:59pm EST
Contact name Muhammad Ali Khalidi
Contact phone 416-736-5113
Time created November 23, 2015, 4:19pm UTC
Scheduled expiry date January 30, 2016, 6:59pm EST
Expired on January 31, 2016, 6:59pm EST
Last updated March 31, 2016, 3:00pm UTC


Traveling green takes a little extra effort at first, but it soon becomes second nature and those extra steps can enhance every trip you take. Not only will you feel better about your travels, but you'll also leave a more positive impression on the place you visited and often have more meaningful experiences along the way.
We believe responsible travel is a force for good: it can open hearts and minds, give us a broader understanding of the world, and inspire us to make a difference; but when you consider the environmental impact of commercial aviation, the sometimes negative effects of tourism on other cultures, and the trail of strained resources travelers can leave behind, tourism doesn't look so pretty.
Here are our tips for going green with ease and making travel better for everyone.
Independent nonprofit organization Ethical Traveler ranks destinations each year by their environmental protection standards, social welfare and human rights record (ethicaltraveler.org/explore/reports/the-worlds-best-ethical-destinations-2014). It's a good idea to check the "Addendum: Destinations of Interest" section as well to broaden your choices and see what countries made the top 10 in previous years (ethicaltraveler.org/explore/reports/the-worlds-best-ethical-destinations-2013).
By visiting countries on these lists, your tourism dollar supports their efforts to create sustainable tourism industries, and encourages other destinations to follow suit.
Look for certified green hotels that are in LEED Certified buildings (usgbc.org/leed), use renewable energy, recycle, use environmentally friendly cleaning products and offer options for guests to make an impact (such as not having the sheets changed daily).
There are several certification programs - the better-known ones include Green Key Global, Green Globe International, Green Seal and EcoRooms & EcoSuites. Staying in smaller, locally run hotels and B&Bs is often the greenest method around, making your stay environmentally and socially responsible as well as being a more direct boost to the local economy.
Again, going with an independent local guide can often be the best way to ensure your money is doing the most for your destination's economy.
The company proudly promotes their ethical practices.
They use green office products.
You can tangibly see how they contribute to the community.
They respect the local flora and fauna.
They take destination-specific social and political issues into account.
Taking public transport such as a train is not only a sound ethical choice; it's also a good way to embrace and experience another culture.
Using public transport or travelling under your own steam can cut your environmental impact, and also allow you to meet locals and experience a culture in a slower, more detailed way. Instead of renting a car, hop on a local bus; take a walking tour or view the countryside by bike. For long distances consider trains, which allow you to see the country out the windows while meeting locals at your seat, the cafeteria or lounge areas.
A small water filter such as a battery-powered Steripen (steripen.com) easily fits in a daypack or purse and can make tap water safe to drink. You can treat water by the liter if you carry a wide-mouth bottle, or you can dunk the device directly into your glass at restaurants, etc, to zap ice cubes and fruit juices. This allows you not only to reduce your plastic bottle consumption but also to feel safe drinking a wider variety of local beverages - including ice cold drinks on hot days.
Support the region's farmers, get a more authentic taste of the cuisine and cut your carbon footprint even more. Look out for restaurants advertising local produce or, if that's not possible, eat local dishes at mom-and-pop-style places that will most likely use what's produced nearby. Whatever you do, don't eat endangered species like turtle or over-harvested shellfish.
We all want to help, but take the example of Cambodia, where so many travelers wanted to volunteer at orphanages that fake ones were opened to make a healthy profit. For more detailed information on this issue, check out our article: Voluntourism tips: is it ethical to visit orphanages?
In general, places that involve animal welfare or the environment are the most likely volunteer opportunities to be legitimate. Of course there are all sorts of organizations doing incredible humanitarian work; just be sure to do your homework before donating your time and money.
It's easy to get caught up in the excitement of a close encounter with an indigenous tribe or exotic animals but stop for a minute, think logically and ask questions before you support a business that may be doing more harm than good. Just because an experience is offered, promoted and everyone else is doing it does not mean it's the ethical choice.
Take simple steps such as not getting your sheets changed daily at your hotel, taking short showers, keeping air-con use to a minimum and turning off lights when you don't need them. Research your destination by internet or ask around to find out if there are water shortages, how energy is produced, and if there are any resource issues to be aware of. And use your eyes. Seeing the giant, noisy, gas-guzzling generator that produces the electricity on that desert island will make you think about it every time you flick a switch.
Many developing countries don't have the means to dispose of bulky, man-made items like old electronics, polyester clothing or used batteries. If you leave them, they could remain in a landfill or worse for literally hundreds of years after you're gone. Pack your trash and take it home. The exception is clothing and items that may be of use to local people – these should be donated to local charities or religious organizations so they can reach those most in need.
Calculate your carbon offset via this handy calculator at Sustainable Travel (sustainabletravel.org/utilities/carbon-calculator). While it's better to concentrate on shrinking your footprint in the first place, a contribution to carbon offset programs will help by funding reforestation and renewable energy projects.
Now that you've experienced a place, met its people and seen what is needed the most, why not make a donation to one of the region's grass-roots organizations? Perhaps you found this on the road or researched it as an afterthought, but there's always a way to give more back.
Find the link to this article here.


text:
Despite missteps, Carnival's PR was proactive during Triumph crisis
The company offered constant updates on Facebook about the 'vacation from hell,' but one tone-deaf tweet irked a number of people.
One passenger told Fox News the smell from the human waste "literally chokes you and hurts your eyes." She added: "There's poop and urine all along the floor. The floor is flooded with sewer water … and we had to poop in bags."
That's not the kind of customer testimonial that sells cruise tickets—though it probably shortened the lines for the buffet.
Triumph, which is operated by Carnival Cruise Lines, left port in Galveston, Texas, on Thursday. It was supposed to be a four-day cruise to Cozumel, Mexico, but an engine fire on Sunday crippled the boat, leading to a five-day "sewage-soaked" ordeal for the 4,200 people aboard, according to The New York Times.
To its credit, Carnival Cruise Lines has been in front of this crisis, although it still had its missteps on social media.
Chicago-based PR executive Gini Dietrich said she's been watching the situation closely. "It's much better than last time," she told PR Daily. "Although it's kind of crazy I have to say 'last time.'"