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St Andrews (; ; ) is a town on the east coast of Fife in Scotland,  southeast of Dundee and  northeast of Edinburgh. St Andrews had a recorded population of 16,800 , making it Fife's fourth-largest settlement and 45th most populous settlement in Scotland.

The town is home to the University of St Andrews, the third oldest university in the English-speaking world and the oldest in Scotland. It was ranked as the best university in the UK by the 2022 Good University Guide, which is published by The Times and The Sunday Times. According to other rankings, it is ranked as one of the best universities in the United Kingdom.

The town is named after Saint Andrew the Apostle. The settlement grew to the west of St Andrews Cathedral, with the southern side of the Scores to the north and the Kinness Burn to the south. The burgh soon became the ecclesiastical capital of Scotland, a position which was held until the Scottish Reformation. The famous cathedral, the largest in Scotland, now lies in ruins.

St Andrews is also known globally as the "home of golf". This is in part because of The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, founded in 1754, which until 2004 exercised legislative authority over the game worldwide (except in the United States and Mexico). It is also because the famous Old Course of St Andrews Links (acquired by the town in 1894) is the most frequent venue for The Open Championship, the oldest of golf's four major championships. Visitors travel to St Andrews in great numbers for several courses ranked amongst the finest in the world, as well as for the sandy beaches.

The Martyrs Memorial, erected to the honour of Patrick Hamilton, George Wishart, and other martyrs of the Reformation epoch, stands at the west end of the Scores on a cliff overlooking the sea. The civil parish has a population of 18,421 (in 2011).

The town also contains numerous museums, a botanic garden and an aquarium.

Name and etymology
The earliest recorded name of the area is Cennrígmonaid. This is Old Gaelic and composed of the elements  (head, peninsula),  (king) and  (moor). This became Cell Rígmonaid (cell meaning church) and was Scoticised to Kilrymont. The modern Gaelic spelling is Cill Rìmhinn. It is likely that the Gaelic name represents an adaptation of a Pictish form *Penrimond. The name St Andrews derives from the town's claim to be the resting place of bones of the apostle Andrew. According to legend, St Regulus (or Rule) brought the relics to Kilrymont, where a shrine was established for their safekeeping and veneration while Kilrymont was renamed in honour of the saint. This is the origin of a third name for the town Kilrule.

History

The first inhabitants who settled on the estuary fringes of the rivers Tay and Eden during the mesolithic (middle Stone Age) came from the plains in Northern Europe between 10,000 and 5,000 BCE. This was followed by the nomadic people who settled around the modern town around 4,500 BCE as farmers clearing the area of woodland and building monuments.

In the mid-eighth century a monastery was established by the Pictish king Oengus I, traditionally associated with the relics of Saint Andrew, a number of bones supposed to be the saint's arm, kneecap, three fingers and a tooth believed to have been brought to the town by St Regulus. In AD 877, king Causantín mac Cináeda (Constantine I or II) built a new church for the Culdees at St Andrews and later the same year was captured and executed (or perhaps killed in battle) after defending against Viking raiders.

In AD 906, the town became the seat of the bishop of Alba, with the boundaries of the see being extended to include land between the River Forth and River Tweed. In 940 Constantine III abdicated and took the position of abbot of the monastery of St Andrews.

The establishment of the present town began around 1140 by Bishop Robert on an L-shaped hill, possibly on the site of the ruined St Andrews Castle. According to a charter of 1170, the new burgh was built to the west of the Cathedral precinct, along Castle Street and possibly as far as what is now known as North Street. This means that the lay-out may have led to the creation of two new streets (North Street and South Street) from the foundations of the new St Andrews Cathedral filling the area inside a two-sided triangle at its apex. The northern boundary of the burgh was the southern side of the Scores (the street between North Street and the sea) with the southern by the Kinness Burn and the western by the West Port. The burgh of St Andrews was first represented at the great council at Scone Palace in 1357.

St Andrews, in particular the large cathedral built in 1160, was the most important centre of pilgrimage in medieval Scotland and one of the most important in Europe. Pilgrims from all over Scotland came in large numbers hoping to be blessed, and in many cases to be cured, at the shrine of Saint Andrew. The presence of the pilgrims brought about increased trade and development. Recognised as the ecclesiastical capital of Scotland, the town now had vast economic and political influence within Europe as a cosmopolitan town. The Scottish Parliament met in the town in 1304, when King Edward I, in his capacity as overlord of Scotland, came to be received by Bishop William de Lamberton. As many as 130 landowners turned up to witness the event ranging from Sir John of Cambo to Sir William Murray of Fort.

In 1559, the town fell into decay after the violent Scottish Reformation and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms losing the status of ecclesiastical capital of Scotland. Even the University of St Andrews was considering relocating to Perth around 1697 and 1698. Under the authorisation of the bishop of St Andrews, the town was made a burgh of barony in 1614. Royal Burgh was then granted as a charter by King James VI in 1620. In the 18th century, the town was still in decline, but despite this the town was becoming known for having links 'well known to golfers'. By the 19th century, the town began to expand beyond the original medieval boundaries with streets of new houses and town villas being built. Today, St Andrews is served by education, golf and the tourist and conference industry.

In 1951, The Masque of St. Andrews, which dramatised important events in the town's history, was staged in the Cathedral grounds as part of the Festival of Britain.

Governance

Local government
St Andrews is represented by several tiers of elected government. Prior to 1975 the town was governed by a burgh council, a provost and baillies. From 1975, St Andrews was administered by North East Fife District Council and Fife Regional Council. North East Fife District was abolished in 1996 when Fife Council became the unitary authority. Fife Council, based in Glenrothes, is now the executive, deliberative and legislative body responsible for local governance. The Scottish Parliament is responsible for devolved matters such as education, health and justice while reserved matters are dealt with by the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The Royal Burgh of St Andrews Community Council, meeting on the first Monday of the month in the Council Chamber of St Andrews Town Hall, forms the lowest tier of governance whose statutory role is to communicate local opinion to local and central government. The current Chair is Mrs Penelope Fraser. The Chair uses the honorary title of Provost of St Andrews on official and ceremonial occasions, this ancient title having been revived to mark the 400th Anniversary of the granting of Royal Burgh status to St Andrews in 1620 by King James VI & I.

UK Parliament
In the early days of the United Kingdom, following implementation of the union of 1707, St Andrews elected one Member of Parliament (MP) to the United Kingdom Parliament. Following the implementation of the Reform Act 1832 St Andrews Burgh merged with Anstruther for the purposes of electing one MP to the United Kingdom Parliament. Following implementation of the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, there was one MP sitting for St Andrews Burgh (which would include Anstruther Easter, Anstruther Wester, Crail, Cupar, Kilrenny and Pittenweem).

St Andrews now forms part of the North East Fife constituency, electing one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the first past the post system. The constituency is represented by Wendy Chamberlain, MP of the Scottish Liberal Democrats. For the purposes of the Scottish Parliament, St Andrews forms part of the North East Fife constituency. The North East Fife Scottish Parliament (or Holyrood) constituency created in 1999 is one of nine within the Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region. Each constituency elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first past the post system of election, and the region elects seven additional members to produce a form of proportional representation. The seat was won at the 2016 Scottish Parliament Election by Willie Rennie, for the Scottish Liberal Democrats.

Demography

According to the 2001 census, St Andrews had a total population of 14,209. The population increased to around 16,680 in 2008 and 16,800 in 2012 The demographic make-up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 16 to 29 forms the largest portion of the population (37%). The median age of males and females living in St Andrews was 29 and 34 years respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for those in the whole of Scotland.

The place of birth of the town's residents was 87.78% United Kingdom (including 61.80% from Scotland), 0.63% Republic of Ireland, 4.18% from other European Union countries, and 7.42% from elsewhere in the world. The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 23.94% in full-time employment, 8.52% in part-time employment, 4.73% self-employed, 1.94% unemployed, 31.14% students with jobs, 9.08% students without jobs, 13.24% retired, 2.91% looking after home or family, 2.84% permanently sick or disabled, and 1.67% economically inactive for other reasons.

Economy
St Andrews, whose economy stands at £660 million, relies heavily on tourism and education. In 2016, one out of every five jobs in St Andrews is related to tourism.

St Andrews is often considered as an expensive destination. In 2016, St Andrews was reported to be home to the "Most Expensive Street in Scotland", with average house prices in The Scores in excess of 2 million pounds.

Weather and climate

St Andrews has a temperate maritime climate, which is relatively mild despite its northerly latitude. Winters are not as cold as one might expect, considering that Moscow and Labrador lie on the same latitude. Daytime temperatures can fall below freezing and average around . However, the town is subject to strong winds. Night-time frosts are common; however, snowfall is more rare.
The nearest official Met Office weather station for which data are available is at Leuchars, about  northwest of St Andrews town centre.

The absolute maximum temperature is , recorded in July 2022.
In a typical year, the warmest day should reach  and a total of 2 days should record a temperature of  or above. The warmest calendar month (since 1960) was July 2006, with a mean temperature of  (mean maximum of , mean minimum of )

The absolute minimum temperature (since 1960) stands at  recorded during February 1972, although in an 'average' year, the coldest night should only fall to . Typically, just short of 60 nights a year will experience an air frost. The coldest calendar month (since 1960) was December 2010, with a mean temperature of  (mean maximum , mean minimum  )

Rainfall, at little more than 650 mm per year makes St Andrews one of the driest parts of Scotland, shielded from Atlantic weather systems by several mountain ranges. Over 1 mm of rain is recorded on just under 117 days of the year.

Sunshine, averaging in excess of 1,500 hours a year is amongst the highest for Scotland, and comparable to inland parts of Southern England. St Andrews is about the furthest north annual levels of above 1500 hours are encountered.

All averages refer to the 1971–2000 observation period.

Transport
The St Andrews Railway provided a connection to the main Edinburgh to Aberdeen Line at Leuchars railway station. This service was ended in 1969. The St Andrews Rail Link project aims at realising a new high-speed twin-cord mainline rail link via Cupar to the south and west and via Leuchars to the north.

Nowadays, the only public transport to reach trains at Leuchars or to connect other towns in Fife is the Stagecoach bus station located near the town centre. Stagecoach's Route 99 (and its alternate routes 99A, 99B, 99C, 99D) connects St Andrews to Dundee via Leuchars with buses up to every ten minutes. Moffat & Williamson operates Route 92 (and 92A, 92B, 92C) on a lesser frequency from Balmullo via Leuchars station to St Andrews before looping the town. There are also some local bus service that links the town centre to St Andrews Community Hospital in the south.

St Andrews Bus Station provides frequent bus services to most towns in Fife and the nearby city of Dundee via Leuchars, and less frequent services to further destinations like Edinburgh and Stirling. Travellers from Edinburgh Airport may take Route 747 to Halbeath Park & Ride then take X59/X24 to St Andrews. Otherwise, they have to travel to central Edinburgh for train or bus services.

Dundee Airport, about 15 miles north of the town, has flights that connect with London-City and Belfast-City provided by Loganair.

Roads A91, A915, A917, A918 and B939 traverse the town at different locations.

Landmarks

St Andrews was once bounded by several "ports" (the Lowland Scots word for a town gate). Two are still extant: So'gait port (South Street, now called West Port) and the Sea Yett (as The Pends terminates to the harbour). The West Port is one of few surviving town "Ports" in Scotland and is a scheduled monument. The towers were influenced by those seen at the base of the Netherbow Port in Edinburgh. The central archway which displays semi-octagonal "rownds" and "battling" is supported by corbelling and neatly moulded passageways. Side arches and relief panels were added to the port, during the reconstruction between 1843 and 1845.

 The Category A listed Holy Trinity (also known as the Holy Trinity Parish Church or "town kirk") is the most historic church in St Andrews. The church was initially built on land, close to the south-east gable of the cathedral, around 1144, and was dedicated in 1234 by Bishop David de Bernham. It then moved to a new site on the north side of South Street between 1410 and 1412 by bishop Warlock. Much of the architecture feature of the church was lost in the re-building by Robert Balfour between 1798 and 1800. The church was later restored to a (more elaborately decorated) approximation of its medieval appearance between 1907 and 1909 by MacGregor Chambers.

 To the east of the town centre, lie the ruins of St Andrews Cathedral. This was at one time Scotland's largest building, originated in the priory of Canons Regular founded by Bishop Robert Kennedy. St Rule's Church, to the south-east of the medieval cathedral is said to date from around 1120 and 1150, being the predecessor of the cathedral. The tall square tower, part of the church, was built to hold the relics of St Andrew and became known as the first cathedral in the town. After the death of Bishop Robert Kennedy, a new cathedral was begun in 1160 by Bishop Arnold (his successor) on a site adjacent to St Rule's Church. Work on the cathedral was finally completed and consecrated in 1318 by Bishop William de Lamberton with Robert the Bruce (1306–29) present at the ceremony. The cathedral and associated buildings, including St Rule's Church, are protected as a scheduled monument.

The ruins of St Andrews Castle are situated on a cliff-top to the north of the town. The castle was first erected around 1200 as the residence, prison and fortress of the bishops of the diocese. Several reconstructions occurred in subsequent centuries, most notably due to damage incurred in the Wars of Scottish Independence.

The castle was occupied, besieged and stormed during The Rough Wooing and was severely damaged in the process.

The majority of the castle seen today dates to between 1549 and 1571. The work was commissioned by John Hamilton (archbishop of St Andrews) in a renaissance style which made the building a comfortable, palatial residence while still remaining well-fortified.
After the Reformation, the castle passed to several owners, who could not maintain its structure and the building deteriorated into a ruin.
The castle is now a scheduled monument administered by Historic Environment Scotland.

The apse of the Dominican friary, Blackfriars, can still be seen on South Street (between Madras College and Bell Street). Other defunct religious houses that existed in the medieval town, though less visible, have left traces, as for instance the leper hospital at St Nicholas farmhouse (The Steading) between Albany Park and the East Sands leisure centre.

Education

Today, St Andrews is home to one secondary school, one private school and three primary schools.
Canongate Primary School, which opened in 1972 is located off the Canongate, beside the St Andrews Botanic Garden. The school roll was recorded in February 2008 as 215. Lawhead Primary School, which opened in 1974 is on the western edge of the town. The school roll was recorded in September 2009 as 181.  Greyfriars Primary School is a Roman Catholic school located in the southern part of the town.

Madras College is the sole secondary school in the town. The school which opened to pupils in 1833 was based on a Madras system – founded and endowed by Dr Andrew Bell (1755–1832), a native of the town. Prior to the opening, Bell was interested in the demand for a school which was able to teach both poor and privileged children on one site. The high reputation of the school meant that many children came from throughout Britain to be taught there, often lodging with masters or residents in the town. The was school located on two campuses – Kilrymont, (which opened in 1967) and South Street (incorporating the original 1833 building). Pupils in S1-S3 are served by Kilrymont and S4-S6 by South Street.

Plans to build a replacement for Madras College on a single site have been ongoing since 2006. Originally, the school was in negotiations with the University of St Andrews for a joint new build at Lang Lands on land owned by the university. The plans, which were scrapped in August 2011, would have seen the school share the university's playing fields. In October 2011, a scoring exercise drawn up by the council to decide the best location for the new Madras College was put before parents, staff and the local community to ask for their views. A £40-million redevelopment of the Kilrymont building proved to be most popular and was officially given the go-ahead in November 2011. This decision was met with controversy from parents, staff and the local community. Following a decision from a group of senior councillors to analyse the other potential sites than push ahead with the controversial redevelopment, The new Building was finished in 2021. In August 2020, it was reported that the college will sell its Kilrymont site and built a replacement school at Langlands.

The private school known as St Leonards School was initially established as the St Andrews School for girls company in 1877. The present name was taken in 1882 when a move to St Leonards House was made. The school is now spread across thirty acres between Pends Road and Kinnesburn. A private school for boys was also set up in 1933 as New Park. The operations of the school merged with the middle and junior sections of St Leonards to become St Leonards-New Park in 2005.

The University of St Andrews, which is the third oldest English-speaking university and the oldest university in Scotland, was founded between 1410 and 1413. A charter for the university was issued by Bishop Henry Wardlaw between 1411 and 1412 and this was followed by Avignon Pope Benedict XIII granting university status to award degrees to students in 1413. The school initially started out as a society for learned men in the fields of canon law, the arts and divinity. The chapel and college of St John the Evangelist became the first building to have ties with the university in 1415. The two original colleges to be associated with the university were St Salvator in 1450 by Bishop James Kennedy and St Leonard in 1512 by archbishop Alexander Stewart and prior James Hepburn.

Sport and recreation

Golf

St Andrews is known widely as the "home of golf". According to the earliest surviving document from 1552, the "playing at golf" on the links adjacent to the "water of eden" was granted permission by Archbishop Hamilton. The most famous golf course in the town is the Old Course, purchased by the town council in 1894. The course which dates back to medieval times, is an Open Championship course – which was first staged in 1873 and will host the 2022 Open Championship. Famous winners at St Andrews have included: Old Tom Morris (1861, 1862, 1867 and 1874), Bobby Jones (1927 and 1930 British Amateur), Jack Nicklaus (1970 and 1978) and Tiger Woods (2000 and 2005). According to Jack Nicklaus, "if a golfer is going to be remembered, he must win at St Andrews". There are seven golf courses in total – Old, New, Jubilee, Eden, Strathtyrum, Balgove and the Castle –
surrounding the western approaches of the town. The seventh golf course (the Castle) was added in 2007 at Kinkell Braes, designed by David McLay Kidd.

Other leisure facilities in the town include a canoe club, a senior football club (St Andrews United), a rugby club (known as Madras Rugby Club), tennis club, university sports centre, and a links golf driving range. The East Sands Leisure Centre, which opened in 1988, sits on the outskirts of the town as the town's swimming pool with gym facilities.

West Sands Beach

West Sands Beach in St Andrews, Scotland, served as the set for the opening scene in the movie Chariots of Fire. This scene was reenacted during the 2012 Olympics torch relay. The beach was also featured in the 2012 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony

The  beach is adjacent to the famous St Andrews Links golf course. Sand dunes on the beach, which have long protected the golf course, are themselves in danger of eroding away, and are the subject of a restoration project.

Places of interest

Byre Theatre

The Byre Theatre was founded in 1933 by Charles Marford, an actor (found in the Who's Who of 1921) and Alexander B. Paterson, a local journalist and playwright, with help from a theatre group made up from members of Hope Park Church, St Andrews. The third and current building was opened in 2001 by Sir Sean Connery. Its main auditorium is named after A.B. Paterson. There is also a second 60-seat performance space named after the late golf photographer, Lawrence Levy. The theatre is said to be haunted by the benevolent ghost of Charles Marford, one of its founders.

Lade Braes Walk

The Lade Braes Walk is a scenic public footpath of about  that follows the route of a medieval mill lade through St Andrews. The walk starts in the town centre near Madras College and runs roughly westward, through Cockshaugh Park to Law Mill. The lade's function was to transport water from a higher upstream point on the Kinness Burn to the water mill in the grounds of St Andrews Cathedral Priory where it arrived at an elevated level simply by following the contours of the land. It may have been built before 1144. In the late 19th century, the lade was covered over and the area from Cockshaugh Park to Law Mill was landscaped and planted with trees. The remains of Law Mill, its grain drying kiln and water wheel are a category C listed building. A Brae is an old Scots word for the high ground adjoining a river bank.

Museum
The St Andrews Museum is a municipal museum focusing on the history of the town of St Andrews in St Andrews established in 1991 it is located in Kinburn Park. It holds a collection of objects of historical value that are related to the town from the earliest times up to the twentieth century. It is located in the historic Kinburn house named after the Battle of Kindurn during the Crimean War.

University Museum
The Museum of the University of St Andrews is a small museum dedicated to the history of the University of St Andrews. The museum, which is free to enter, looks at the university's foundation, student life at the university, and innovative ideas and inventions associated with staff, students, and alumni. The museum also shows a range of temporary exhibitions on different themes. Highlights of the displays include the university's three medieval maces, which are rare examples of ornate ceremonial University maces from the 15th century, and a large astrolabe dating from 1575.

Botanic Garden
See main article

The St Andrews Botanic Garden is an 18-acre botanical garden in the Canongate suburb to the south of the town. It contains more than 8000 species of native and exotic plants. These are laid out in zones of woodland, meadow, shrubbery, herbaceous bedding, a large rockery and a series of ponds. There are also vegetable and herb gardens, and several large greenhouses, one of which contains a butterfly house. There is an entrance fee for most visitors with some exceptions (e.g. juniors, students or faculties of the University of St Andrews).

Aquarium
The St Andrews Aquarium is located on the cliff foot of the Scores overlooking West Sands. As well as the many fish species on display, there are also penguins and meerkats.

International relations
As of St. Andrew's Day 2015, the town is formally twinned with the French medieval town of Loches, with which it had previously shared a cultural exchange for over two decades.

Freedom of the City
The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the City and Royal Burgh of St Andrews.

Individuals
 Benjamin Franklin: 1759.
 Earl of Elgin : 19 July 1902.
 Prince of Wales (Later Edward VIII).
 Robert Tyre Jones Jr.: 1958.
 Jack Nicklaus: 11 July 2022.

Military units
 RAF Leuchars: 1968.

See also
 All Saints Church, St Andrews
 Bishop of St Andrews
 Celtic art – Pictish stones at St Andrews.
 The New Picture House
 St Nicholas Hospital, St Andrews
 St Andrews Community Hospital
 University of St Andrews
 St Andrews Botanic Garden
 List of town defences in Scotland

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Ash, Marinell. "The diocese of St. Andrews under its 'Norman' bishops." Scottish Historical Review 55.160 (1976): 105–126 online.
 Brooks, Nicholas P., and Graeme Whittington. "Planning and growth in the medieval Scottish burgh: the example of St Andrews." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers (1977): 278–295. online
 Browne, Sarah. "'A Veritable Hotbed of Feminism': Women's Liberation in St Andrews, Scotland, c. 1968–c. 1979." Twentieth Century British History 23.1 (2012): 100–123 online.
 Butler, Richard. "The Influence of Sport on Destination Development: the Example of Golf at St. Andrews." Sport tourism destinations (2005): 274–282. online
 Cameron, Neil. "St Rule's Church, St Andrews, and early stone-built churches in Scotland." Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Vol. 124. (1994). online
 Clifford, Ben P., and Charles R. Warren. "Development and the environment: Perception and opinion in St Andrews, Scotland." Scottish Geographical Journal 121.4 (2005): 355–384.
 Dawson, Jane E. A. "'The Face of Ane Perfyt Reformed Kyrk': St Andrews and the Early Scottish Reformation." Studies in Church History Subsidia 8 (1991): 413–435.
 Duncan, Archibald A. M. "The Foundation of St Andrews Cathedral Priory, 1140." Scottish Historical Review 84.1 (2005): 1–37.
 Emerson, Roger L. Academic Patronage in the Scottish Enlightenment: Glasgow, Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities (Edinburgh University Press, 2008).
 Herkless, John, and Robert Kerr Hannay. The Archbishops of St. Andrews (W. Blackwood, 1907) online.

 Kirk, Russell. "St. Andrews: The Haunted Town" History Today (Jan 1953) 3#1 pp 22–30. online.

 Rhodes, Bess. Riches and Reform: Ecclesiastical Wealth in St Andrews, c. 1520–1580 (Brill, 2019).
 Skene, William. "Notice of the Early Ecclesiastical Settlements at St Andrews." Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland  Vol. 4. (1860) online.
 Swanson, Robert. "The University of St. Andrews and the Great Schism, 1410–1419." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 26.3 (1975): 223–245.

External links

 List of Attractions around St Andrews in order to walk round with Maps and Information
 Royal Burgh of St Andrews Community Council
 The Official Tourist Portal for St Andrews
 St Andrews Links
 Engraving of a view of St Andrews by James Fittler in the digitised copy of Scotia Depicta, or the antiquities, castles, public buildings, noblemen and gentlemen's seats, cities, towns and picturesque scenery of Scotland, 1804 at National Library of Scotland
 The Lade Braes
 St Andrews EuroWalk - online self-guided walking tour of the town

Royal burghs
Towns in Fife
Parishes in Fife
Populated coastal places in Scotland


>>>I'm saving that commentary for later.
LOL.  Recognised at last for the blood-thirsty barbarian I truly am!
around here, pulling down this personality you attribute to me.
he is read by far younger kids than teens, around here at least.
(though only one more, IIRC) in 2nd class.


text:
Obama's spokesman Jay Carney unexpectedly resigns
by Global Elite News
in Politics, U.S. News
United States President Barack Obama announced Friday afternoon that he's accepted the resignation of White House press secretary Jay Carney.
Josh Earnest, the White House special assistant to the president and principal deputy press secretary, will assume Carney's role, Obama said during a surprise appearance from the commander-in-chief during a scheduled briefing Friday afternoon.
"His name describes his demeanor," Obama said of the incoming press secretary. "Josh is an earnest guy and you can't find just a nicer individual."
Carney, the 49-year-old former Moscow bureau chief for Time Magazine, told reporters after the president's remarks that his last three-and-a-half years as the White House press secretary has been an "amazing experience" and "so fulfilling."
Pres. Obama's announcement came less than three hours after he confirmed during a separate press conference that morning that he had moments earlier accepted the resignation of Veterans Affairs Secretary Eric Shinseki in the midst of a high-profile scandal that's plagued the VA in recent weeks.
Carney is expected to stay press secretary through mid-June, and did not immediately disclose the reasoning behind his departure or his future plans.
Featured Image: White House Press Secretary Jay Carney (AFP Photo/Saul Loeb)
(RT)
Tags: Jay CarneyObamaObama administrationUSA
The Miracle of 528 Hz Solfeggio & Fibonacci Numbers
Alan Watts breaks down what's wrong with the world (1970)
Global Elite News
Your Source for Alternative News and Information. Deep Independent Journalism About Who Really Controls The World.
Obama Signs Bill That Forever Exempts Big Food From Placing GMO Labels On Food Packages
Forex Scandal: Criminal Bankers Must Be Jailed, Not Fined
'Major hypocrisy': US govt-funded agency admits cannabis can kill cancer cells
Congress gives Native American lands to foreign mining corporation with new NDAA
Only CIA Agent Jailed for Torture Program Is Whistleblower Who Confirmed Its Existence
With Everyone Focused on Ferguson, Obama Quietly Passing 3,400 New Regulations Before Thanksgiving
US, Canada and Ukraine Vote Against Anti-Nazism Resolution at UN
90 Percent of Americans are Poorer Today than they were in 1987
Alan Watts breaks down what's wrong with the world (1970)
Scientists learn to selectively erase and restore memories in brain

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Me Before You Review
Emilia Clarke ditches her dragons to care for one man in the new romantic drama Me Before You. Read our review…
By Don Kaye | June 2, 2016 |
British actress and Game of Thrones star Emilia Clarke has more than her share of charisma, as well as a set of eyebrows that are perhaps the most mobile seen on the big screen in years. But neither are enough to fully save Me Before You, a cloying and predictable romantic drama that aims to make you blow through a box of tissues faster than Daenerys, mother of dragons, can light an enemy army on fire. Clarke is almost completely unrecognizable to Thrones fans here, keeping her clothes on and her anger in check even as her dignity takes a mild beating.
Based on a bestselling novel by Jojo Moyes (who also penned the screenplay), Me Before You introduces us first to Will Traynor (Sam Clafin, Finnick in the Hunger Games series), a high-flying finance hotshot who is paralyzed from the neck down in a London street accident. Two years later, we meet Louisa (Clarke), who works in a café and lives with her family in the same small British town where Will's family has its ancestral castle. At 26, Louisa is unambitious and without goals of any note. But when she loses her job – which helped support her family – she must look for a new one and applies as a caregiver for Will. Despite no qualifications whatsoever, his mother Camilla and father Steven (Janet McTeer and Clarke's fellow Game of Thrones star Charles Dance) inexplicably hire her.
Will, as you might expect, is embittered and depressed, having lost his girlfriend, his luxurious life and his well-paying job. He's also initially cold to Louisa despite her endless mugging and goofy British variation on the manic pixie template. But since this is a romance, you know it's only a matter of time before the two eventually warm up to each other and their relationship evolves from friendship to love…even if Will has a plan that will upend everything that has come before.
Clarke parades and whirls around in an endless assortment of crazily colorful outfits, while director Thea Sharrock (moving from the theater to make her film debut) pulls so many cutesy expressions out of her in close-up that the effect starts to become clownish. But Louisa is a sham of a character: meant to have a positive impact on Will, it is instead she who needs saving from her empty and directionless life, which can only be salvaged by the love and incredible wealth of a handsome prince. Will's wheelchair becomes a throne to which Daenerys would never once think about bowing. Clarke is just appealing enough to get you through the more insufferable aspects of the character, but Louisa has no depth whatsoever.
Speaking of insufferable, Clafin tries hard to overcome his own pretty-boy blankness but, like Clarke, is given a difficult assignment: we are meant to believe that a life without a posh London apartment, a hot girlfriend and money raining from the sky is not one worth living – even if you end up in a posh apartment in a beautiful seaside town next to your family's fucking castle, with your every need taken care of. We are told (via his nurse Nathan, played amiably by Stephen Peacocke) that Will lives in terrible pain, but we don't experience it enough with him to understand his motivations, especially in the film's latter stages.
Will ultimately comes across as kind of a jerk as a result – something I never thought I would say about a quadriplegic person – but so does Louisa in the scene where she dumps her boyfriend Patrick (Matthew Lewis) in order to escape on a tropical vacation with Will. Of course, the movie makes it easy: Patrick is a moron too, a one-dimensional buffoon who makes you wonder why Louisa spent seven years with him in the first place. Oh right, this Cinderella was waiting for the prince to come along.
Me Before You makes everything easy, even the possibilities of death and loss. No one ever seems to really struggle in the film, a remarkable achievement for a story where one of the central characters has lost almost everything important to him. As a result, the relentless attempt to wring tears from our eyes comes across as hollow and manipulative. I was more moved by the beauty of the locations, which Sharrock shoots as lovingly as her two camera-ready leads, and more riveted by wondering just how high Clarke's eyebrows could go before they vanished into her hairline.
Me Before You is in theaters on Friday (June 3).
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Tags: Emilia Clarke
Don Kaye	| @donkaye
Don Kaye is an entertainment journalist by trade and geek by natural design. Born in New York City, currently ensconced in Los Angeles, his earliest childhood memory is…
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Voice from the Stone Trailer: Game of Thrones' Emilia Clarke in a Supernatural Drama
March 14, 2017 | By Joseph Baxter
Last Christmas: Trailer and Release Date for Emilia Clarke and Henry Golding Rom-Com
August 14, 2019 | By Joseph Baxter
Emilia Clarke Talks Pressure to Do Nudity After Game of Thrones
November 19, 2019 | By David Crow
Game of Thrones: Emilia Clarke Confirms Coffee Cup Culprit
October 31, 2019 | By David Crow


A Grateful Life - Practicing Gratitude. Celebrating Life.
Do you use 4-digit passcodes on your iPhone or iPad?
If your iPhone or iPad is stolen an attacker can guess the four-digit passcode, which allows for only 10,000 possible PIN combinations, as quickly as 13 minutes or within 14-hours. Once the thief has access to your phone they have access to all of the data and pictures stored on the phone. They can also reset your online passcodes using the email accounts set up on your phone, even if you have two-step notification set up on your phone, because they now have control of your phone.
According to Computer World, Four-Digit Passcodes are a weak point in ios 8 data encryption so if you are currently using them on your devices you should seriously consider changing that, today.
This month we discovered some serious security breaches in our online life that has made me more aware of how our family uses technology and devices. I wanted to share the information I'm learning with you so that you could begin to better protect your family and don't have to go through some of the things our family has recently.
Decide what features you want to use Touch ID for and add 2 of your fingerprints in.
Make sure Passcode is turned on for your phone.
Make sure require Passcode immediately is selected.
Turn OFF simple Passcode (which only requires 4 digit number and can be hacked in a few hours as there are only 10,000 possible combinations).
Enter a new complex passcode. (8-12 digits).
How are you currently protecting the data on and access to your iPhone and/or iPad? Were you using the simple 4-digit passcode? Have you changed your settings after reading this post?


In reply to G1LAT: Don't think I have your call in the log. I only operate voice, but I'd love to be able to operate CW (for non-SOTA reasons). Will have the key (straight) with me and a chance to do a bit of sending without too much of an audience would be welcome. Hope to arrive Wednesday mid to late afternoon. XYL (Janis) is not a radio person, but does come on some of the holiday activations. We both like a drop of ale (Black Sheep in the area?), so perhaps a local SOTA meeting 'down the road'? as long as we don't natter radio all evening.


If you were restricted to only five different kinds of fruit for the rest of your life, which five would you choose?
Are berries fruits? Genuinely not sure.
A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet or sour, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present.
On their own or together in a smoothie!
I had a nectarine earlier, you know, the one that looks like a leather peach. Got it all down my jumper. Poxy messy things. This is why I try to avoid fruit.
Are we allowed ice cream, maple syrup and nuts to go on top of the fruit salad?
Nuts are not a fruit.


NOTE: 11 AM LATE START. Starting in the lovely, forested Redmond Watershed Preserve on Redmond Ridge, we drop down into the Snoqualmie Valley and enjoy a flat, scenic river ride with a food stop in downtown Carnation. After lunch, we begin our climb out of the valley via Union Hill Rd returning to our starting point on Redmond Ridge.
Start location is Redmond Watershed Preserve off of Novelty Hill Rd. Signage is easy to miss for the entrance to this park. Restrooms and water are available at the start, but please note that facilities are limited along this route. Please arrive in time for safety briefing 10 minutes before start time of 11 am. Bring money for lunch at Sandy's Espresso at mile 18 in Carnation. Worsening weather conditions during the ride could amend the route.
Steady rain, frosty pavement, ice or snow will cancel this ride. In this event, I will post a cancellation notice by 8 am on ride day in the comments section of this posting and then will not be at the start. Please be sure to check the comments section before you drive to the ride start.
If you have a Cascade account you may register online up until 8 am on ride day by clicking the register button at the top of this posting. If your plans change you do not need to unregister. You may also register at the ride start.
IMPORTANT - START LOCATION CHANGED!
Redmond Watershed Preserve is closed so our start location has been moved to Redmond Ridge Park and beginning and end of route will be amended accordingly. The good news is that I drove the route this morning and the roads are bare and dry for the most part, so we are good for tomorrow, as long as the weather holds up for us!


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If you have used the services of Newmans Home Improvement LLC we'd love to hear from you! Use the form below to review and comment on your experience.


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Outdoor Solar Store is owned by Infinity Solar, Inc. and headquartered in Hampden, Massachusetts. Clean energy and high quality, easy to install lighting products are our passion.
Our mission is to find and test professional and commercial grade solar lighting and make it available to our customers at the best possible price. We currently retail several large brands and private label products. If there is anything in particular you're looking for please contact us today!
Solar Lighting Products
We offer the highest quality solar lighting products on the market. Our aim is to test and approve every single solar light we list on the website before we sell it. Our solar lighting experts are available to answer questions and give suggestions. We work toward making your experience at The Outdoor Solar Store as efficient and helpful as possible. Please review our best selling solar lights below.
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* Import new version (upstream's git state).
- Update patches and drop those merged upstream.
- Adjust debian/copyright for new release.
* Document the justification of lintian overrides.
* Override new portable-executable lintian check.
objects, since they are provided by gnu-efi.
symbols due to the way syslinux is compiled.
- Split the gnu-efi patch into Debian-specific and non-Debian-specific.
- Add necessary patches from upstream's mailing list.
* Update 0004-gnu-efi.patch to use the jmp_buf definition from gnu-efi.
* Add 0013 (from upstream) to be compatible with upcoming glibc 2.23.
* d/copyright: fix some syntax error in the machine readable copyright file.
type. Thanks to Scot Doyle <lkml14@scotdoyle.com>.
change from 6.03~pre20+dfsg-1 (LP: #1383332).
df (see #656067 and #656333) in connection with UUIDs.
* Adding patch from upstream to fix build with newer gcc.
* Upload to testing for wheezy.
* Using official package-type for udeb packages in control now.
* Making some editorial changes in copyright file.
* Adding copyright headers in local debian additions.
with 3.4.x kernels (Closes: #676405).
exported by e2fslibs-dev. Fixes FTBS with 3.4.x kernels.
Thomas Viehweger <patchesThomas.Vie@web.de> (Closes: #657671).
+ Allow boot entry to start with label instead of menu_label.
+ Add include and menu include support.
+ Fix buffer overrun when loading kernel/initramfs.
* Unconditionally redirect stdout to stderr (Closes: #597132).
- Add include and menu include support.
- Fix buffer overrun when loading kernel/initramfs.
- Allow boot entry to start with label instead of menu_label.
* isolinux.asm: Remove reference to non-existent CD2 (LP: #62950).
* Only build-depend on gcc-multilib on amd64.
* Drop ia32-libs-dev build dependency.
* memdisk/inflate.c: Fix declaration of crc_32_tab.
You can't create new repositories for syslinux in Ubuntu.


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Rhode Islander's 40-Year Fight for Property Rights
The cost of litigating a case from the local courthouse to the highest court in the land ordinarily is measured in lawyer hours, filing fees, travel expenses, and witness fees. But there are hidden costs, too, the kind that never show up on a bill. The National Law Journal profiles three people, their cases, which the Supreme Court recently heard, and what it cost them to push all the way to Washington.
By Marcia Coyle | Updated on March 16, 2001


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Construction Schedule Update (7/8/19)
Beginning July 8, 2019, excavation will begin in the N. Pearl Street and Allen Street intersection. The first layer of asphalt is poured between Main Street and N. Pearl Street. While concrete is being poured in this first block, excavation of the N. Pearl Street intersection will take place to expedite the construction process. During this time, N. Pearl Street will become a two-way street with access from Virginia Street on the south leg and North Street on the north leg.
This section of the project will take approximately 2 weeks. The blocks from Main Street to N. Pearl Street and from N. Pearl Street to Franklin Street will remain closed. Schedules are subject to change and will be updated accordingly.
PreviousColored Concrete for Allen Street
NextConstruction Schedule Update (7/15)
Construction Schedule Update (3/18/19)


Addolcitore Acqua Leroy Merlin Con Filtro Anticalcare Magnetico XCAL 2000 Prezzi E Offerte Online E 338eca29 3f76 4c9e 81f7 47a3fa76e9fa 1200x1200px Addolcitore Acqua Leroy Merlin is one of pictures thet are related with the picture before in the collection gallery. If you would like to see the Addolcitore Acqua Leroy Merlin Con Filtro Anticalcare Magnetico XCAL 2000 Prezzi E Offerte Online E 338eca29 3f76 4c9e 81f7 47a3fa76e9fa 1200x1200px Addolcitore Acqua Leroy Merlin in High Resolution [HD Resolution] version, please press the right click on picures/image then choose "Save as Image" option, and done. You will get Addolcitore Acqua Leroy Merlin Con Filtro Anticalcare Magnetico XCAL 2000 Prezzi E Offerte Online E 338eca29 3f76 4c9e 81f7 47a3fa76e9fa 1200x1200px Addolcitore Acqua Leroy Merlin pictures that you want. The exactly dimension of Addolcitore Acqua Leroy Merlin Con Filtro Anticalcare Magnetico XCAL 2000 Prezzi E Offerte Online E 338eca29 3f76 4c9e 81f7 47a3fa76e9fa 1200x1200px Addolcitore Acqua Leroy Merlin was 1200x1200 pixels. You can also look for some pictures by collection on below this picture. Find the other picture or article about Idee Di Addolcitore Acqua Leroy Merlin Image Gallery here. We hope it can help you to get information of the picture.


The Dickies Urban Boot is entirely free of metal, with its fully composite safety toe and midsole construction. The boot has a full grain leather upper, which is water resistant and benefits from a padded collar & tongue. The sole unit provides antistatic protection in addition to being heat resistant.
Non-metallic midsole for underfoot protection.
Cemented rubber, heat resistant (300C) outsole.
Full grain cow leather upper.
Size 6 available upon request.
As your order contains POM-VPS medicine you may receive a telephone call so that we can confirm the order. Please ensure we have your contact details, a mobile telephone number is always helpful. We reserve the right not to supply any medicine at our own discretion.
"The Supply Chain Development Programme is funded by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD) . Further information on the programme is available at www.countrysiderural.co.uk ".


CLADE 2005. Proceedings Challenges of Large Applications in Distributed Environments, 2005.
Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Challenges of Large Applications in Distributed Environments, 2004. CLADE 2004.
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Challenges of Large Applications in Distributed Environments, 2003.
Gridcast - A next generation broadcasting infrastructure?


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Backstage Tour: Family
Theatre Royal Winchester
21-23 Jewry Street - Winchester
51.06587709999999 -1.316029800000024
21-23 Jewry Street,
SO23 8SB.
Take a look behind the scenes at Theatre Royal Winchester, with our backstage tour specifically designed for families
See what it's like to perform and work at the theatre. Explore the stage, dressing rooms and other backstage areas. Learn about lighting and scenery.
Children will get to check out costumes and props, and role-play being an usher. They will hear about the different jobs people do at the theatre and learn of the venue's history and rumoured ghosts.
Under 16s must be accompanied by an adult. This tour involves steps but can be adapted for people with mobility issues. Please inform the Box Office when booking tickets so arrangements can be made.
Recommended age:all ages welcome (Please note: Under 16s must be accompanied by an adult. Max. 2 children per adult.)
Website Address: https://www.theatreroyalwinchester.co.uk/whats-on/backstage-tour-family
Contact Telephone Number: 01962 840 440


Neuroscience is now showing how to create a sensationally rich environment that is going to grab hold of the customers attention and build memorable interactions that will lock into their brain. Are we now entering into the 4th industrial Revolution due to an online and offline requirement.
In 2016 a key trend emerged in purchasing, based around personalising goods and services which is continuing into 2017 and beyond and Individualism is now seen as a Mega-trend - referring to the consumers growing desire to be recognised as having 'personal needs' rather than part of a mass market. In this open letter to her retail stores, Laura Hatswell discusses how Salecology helps her business in driving individual service in retail.
Sales stories have a profound effect on our brains and our behaviour. This goes back to childhood, when the most basic request we made as kids, besides "I'm hungry," was "tell me a story." A series of experiments performed by neuroeconomics pioneer Paul Zak found that stories that are highly engaging and contain key elements, including a climax and denouement, can elicit powerful empathic responses by triggering the release of Oxytocin.
See yourself successful - it's not a myth!


Chrome Soft Golf Balls combine Tour-proven performance with unparalleled feel and exceptional mis-hit forgiveness. Everything about the ball that changed the ball is better because of the innovation at every layer, starting with Callaway's groundbreaking new Graphene Dual SoftFast.
It convinced Jon Rahm to switch from Pro V1's. He will now play the TP5 in 2017. The new premium, tour-calibre offering will come in two models, the softer TP5, and a lower-spinning TP5x.
Excellent spin control with distance off the tee, that is exactly what you get with the Z Star golf balls. Thanks to a gradient growth core and a new generation Spin Skin cover, this Z Star golf ball is the ultimate golf ball in Tour Performance.
A softer RZN formulation and Flight Suit cover give RZN Tour the ultimate combination of feel and distance to help fuel the chase. This fantastic golf ball offers Tour Performance with Mid-Spin Control.
The amazing new AD333 provides the perfect combination of distance off the tee and spin control around the green. Coupled with superior soft feel and the visual performance of both Pure White and Tour Yellow, this is our most advanced 2 piece golf ball to date.
Zepp Golf is a revolutionary training system that helps you analyse and improve your swing. Just attach the sensor to any golf glove and swing away to get instant feedback and see your swing in 3D from any angle on your iPhone, iPad or Android device.
Petra, manager of engineering golf ball R&D, tackles the important questions, like why is the difference in feel so easy to detect? Find out the answer here first.
Find out what goes into making TaylorMades perfect golf ball for the amateur golfer! Huge levels of spin, where you need it most!
Reduces spin and retains energy off the driver to maximize ball speed and distance. And the low compression lets you compress the ball on iron shots for incredibly soft feel.
In this Fitters' Forum, PGA Professional Tom Yeager explains that every player with every swing speed can achieve the same benefits a tour player does by playing the Titleist Pro V1 and Pro V1x.
PGA Instructor Eric Jones conducts a 40 person case study of the Game Golf Digital Tracking System. Check out the results.
Titleist Brand Ambassador Chesson Hadley shares some of his advice on how to hit a chip shot from a downhill lie.
Now Callaway are REALLY putting your swing speed first. A soft inner core, a firmer outer core and thin inner and outer mantles increase ball speed and reduce driver spin to maximise distance.
Over 100 Tour pros were involved in the development of our Tour Preferred Ball—resulting in more collaboration and feedback than for any other TaylorMade product. As a result, we designed a ball that appeals to multiple needs and achieves the best tee-to-green total performance on the market.
The new Supersoft is Callaway's softest golf ball ever, with an incredibly low 38 compression. It's very simple: this ball is Super Long, Super Straight and Super Soft.
Nike Athletes McIlroy, Watney, Casey, Stanley and Pettersen juggle the RZN core to showcase an impressive trick... This is RZN.
You know that when Titleist brings advanced technology to the already #1 ball in golf that you are in for something special this year. "Performance is Confidence."
You know that when Titleist brings advanced technology to the already #1 ball in golf that you are in for something special this year."Performance is Precision"
You know that when Titleist brings advanced technology to the already #1 ball in golf, that you are in for something special. But don't just take our word for it, check out the praise from Pro golfers for the new 2013 Titleist Pro V1 and V1x.
Ever wondered how a golf ball is made? Titleist have been making golf balls for over 75 years and are proud to show you how the new Titleist Pro V1's are made with this short film from behind the scenes at Titleist.
Last year they said it would change the Tour, this year they are proving it with help of a few Professional friends. FInd out why the likes of Phil Mickelson and Ernie Els use the Callaway HEX Black Tour Golf Ball.


all stock with a -1 front sprocket.
Thats Nice, I'll be there as soon as I get a rear Hand Brake.
He doesn't have a handbrake so why do you think you need one?
<----100% stock. The bike has about 3 miles on it in that pic.
Nice!! Sit down circles are sweet!
Those bikes look so fun. Props on the circles.
I have always wanted to try one of those! Nice pics!!
yeah its fun, i scraped mine pulling out of the parking lot when i bought it, haha the sale people jaws dropped. im down one in the front so its still riding able on the street, circles are just working the clutch, its still geared so low, fun bike.
congrats on the new bike.... they look like a good buy for the money.
I didn't know those things came in white too I guess?
Looks like a ton of fun! I want another motard baaaaaaaaad!! I want one for my everday streetbike tho for real!!
thats why i bought it to ride back and forth to work.
Cool! I never seen one in white before.
IS that the same one that Cody rode in the ROC last year that you're talkin about??
the 450's have a lot more power this thing is a dog, it just chuggs,it would be nice with a lil more gearing im only one down, i ride it on the street so i dont wanna kill it.
I thought so... kinda answered my second question I was going to ask too.


I want the best competitors around. How about you?
Free PDQ: NFPs Can Profit from Reaching Out to Resale Peers What's a PDQ?
Ever wish you could just sit down with Kate for lunch and talk? The TG Luncheonette is home to our mini-Products. They're just like sitting at the lunch counter with Kate.
Are you a Professional Resaler? Let the world know! List your shop on HowToConsign.com, where our Resale Directory & Zoomable Map guide your future customers to your door! And don't miss How To Consign the Blog, where Sponsor shops can participate in a lively discussion of consumer-oriented topics.
Free PDQ Poster: Resalers Help Save the Earth What's a PDQ?
Holidays in Resale: Don't roll over and play dead. And: Getting NWTs onto your sales floor.
Busy Time Help: You CAN get through it all!
Free PDQ: Slow Month Calendar of worthwhile tasks What's a PDQ?
And have a peek inside Kate's Messy Back Room.... where she sticks all those helpful pages that just don't fit on the "sales floor."
Check out the Resale Directory & Zoomable Map, where your shop can be listed, and visit How To Consign the Blog to see what's going on in your potential clients' lives and minds!
Free PDQ: A holiday poster for your shop What's a PDQ?
Try Constant Contact's free trial for your shop, get $30 credit when you sign up, donate $30 to TGtbT too.
Keep your business growing by following our blog. You can even get updates by email.
Keep your knowledge growing with TGtbT's Products for the Professional Resaler.
TG Twitters and so does HowToConsign!
TGtbT.com is the premier web site for professional resalers. Start a consignment, resale or thrift store with our free articles and the TGtbT.com Products for the Professional Resaler. Interested in business plans, operating your shop, consignment software and selling secondhand clothes, upscale designer fashions, children's gear or used furniture? Consignment shops, resale stores, thrift stores and consignment sales use Too Good to be Threw. As a lifelong member of NARTS and a consignment consultant, our information is designed for the resale industry.


Hi and Welcome to Westlake Village!
If you are looking at homes for sale in Westlake Village, you are in the right place.
With a beautiful lake and a unique island this is truly the lap of luxury.
I have many houses in Westlake Village for sale that will meet all of your desires!
Penny Singer presents luxury homes for sale in Westlake Village.
Penny Singer's specialty is Westlake Village homes and houses for sale!


Image Title: Armoires Oval Mirror Jewelry Armoire Standing In Floor Designs 4. Filename: armoires-oval-mirror-jewelry-armoire-standing-in-floor-designs-4.jpg. Image Dimension: 640 x 647 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Rudolph Tillman. Uploaded Date: Monday - May 21st. 2018 07:07:13 AM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: ikea.com.
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Welcome to theweddingidea.us Currently you are looking for information about sports baby shower invitations which we know that this information is much searched on the search engine as an interesting topic.
This information was added by admin on: 2019-03-25 21:18:39 Thank you for visiting, make sure you also find other information on this website and you do not hesitate to return to theweddingidea.us.
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← See all Resources
Ben Steel (The Show Must Go On) in a still by Sue at Film Art Media
Creative industries employees (whether in full time, part time or casual employment), have the right to be supported and respected at work, and to feel valued for their contributions to the workplace. However, evidence shows this is not the experience for many creative professionals who experience bullying and harassment in the workplace, and are discriminated against because of gender, ethnicity, disability or age.
In response to this, Creative Victoria, and many groups and organisations across the creative sector have led work to achieve cultural change, and to provide creative industries employers and workers with information and resources to ensure your workplace fosters respect and protects the mental wellbeing of staff, volunteers and collaborators.
In addition to Creative Victoria many organisations across the Creative sector have become aware of these issues, and several organisations have implemented policies, processes and projects to foster the health and wellbeing of creative professionals (for example, the Arts Wellbeing Collective, an Arts Centre Melbourne initiative).
Below is information about the work Creative Victoria is doing in this space and resources for anyone working in the creative industries.
What is a respectful workplace?
Regardless of their field of work, employees want to work in places where:
they know what is expected of them
the workplace is safe and they are treated fairly
their skills and contribution are recognised and valued
training and development opportunities support their career progression, and where
they can work harmoniously with others.
A respectful workplace is one where safety, inclusiveness and wellbeing are paramount and studies show that a respectful workplace is not just harmonious, it is highly productive.
Creative professionals and the organisations that employ them need to recognise that working within a respectful workplace is a right, not just good fortune. Media coverage of the 'me too' movement has contributed to awareness of the influence of inequities in power relationships within workplaces.
Mental wellbeing and the workplace
Research studies have also pointed to the influence of workplace culture on mental health and wellbeing.
A study led by industry health provider Entertainment Assist and Victoria University titled Working in the Australian Entertainment Industry highlights the serious health issues of people working in the creative industries. The study found that half of the people working in Australia's entertainment industry suffer moderate to severe anxiety, a rate 10 times over the national average. The report also found "a powerful, negative culture within the industry including a toxic, bruising work environment; extreme competition; bullying; sexual assault; sexism and racism."
How we are influencing cultural change in the creative sector?
Creative Industries Working group
Mr Martin Foley, The Minister for Mental Health, Minister for Equality and Minister for the Creative Industries requested that Creative Victoria convene a working group to identify and implement strategies to promote respectful workplaces and wellbeing. The working group involves industry leaders from a range of organisations within the creative industries, including Arts Centre Melbourne, Theatre Network Australia, Australian Fashion Council, Film Victoria, the Public Galleries Association of Victoria, the Victorian Music Development Office and representatives from Creative Victoria.
The group meets approximately four times a year and is established to:
advise creative industries leadership on current and emerging issues, trends and themes relating to respectful workplaces and mental health and the raising of these matters across the creative industries.
provide a forum for representatives from the creative industries to share information and collaborate on respectful workplaces and mental health, and to collectively build capacity across the creative sectors.
The members are:
Nicole Beyer, Executive Director, Theatre Network Australia
Claire Spencer, Chief Executive Officer, Arts Centre Melbourne
Catryn Tuckwell, General Counsel, Arts Centre Melbourne
Anne Robertson, Executive Officer, Public Galleries Association of Victoria
Kirri-Mae Sampson, Senior Project Manager Australian Fashion Council
Sarah Moran, CEO and co-founder Girl Geek Academy
Resources for creative industries employers and employees
Stay informed of ways to promote a respectful culture and foster mental wellbeing through our resource hub for an evolving range of resources.
Check back regularly for resources to help you to better understand mental health and wellbeing and advice and research on workplace safety policies and procedures.
The following support services are available to victims of sexual harassment and bullying in the workplace:
CASA (Centre Against Sexual Assault)
1800 RESPECT National Sexual Assault Domestic Family Violence Counselling Service
Sexual Assault Crisis Line
WIRE (Women's Information and Referral Exchange)
Several peak bodies and statutory authorities in Australia's creative industries have developed broad, robust Codes of Practice for their sector, following extensive stakeholder consultation. Creative Victoria strongly recommends that Victorian arts organisations read and adopt the policy that is most relevant to their sector.
Film Victoria
Live Performance Australia
Theatre Network Australia
Nearly one in five complaints received by the Australian Human Rights Commission relate to sexual harassment. 'Know Where The Line Is', is a national awareness raising strategy to help both employers and employees to identify and stop sexual harassment in the workplace. It is a partnership between the Australian Human Rights Commission, the Australian Council of Trade Unions and the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
The Australian Human Rights Commission has developed a comprehensive guide for companies wishing to develop their own sexual harassment policy, including employer and employee responsibilities.
Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission
The Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission has provided clear guidelines around different categories of workplace harassment and bullying, with clear definitions, examples and pathways for complaints.
Institute of Community Directors Australia
The Institute of Community Directors Australia provides a comprehensive list of templates, produced with legal oversight, to assist organisations in developing their own policies around workplace discrimination, sexual harassment and bullying. These templates are free for any not-for-profit organisation to download and use, so long as it is for a non-commercial purpose and that the organisation is not paying a consultant to carry out this work.
Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance (MEAA)
Focused on the future, Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance (MEAA) is a thought leader and driver of change. A strong and passionate advocate for its members, MEAA also connects and creates new opportunities on their behalf. MEAA has prepared a fact sheet to help members understand their rights and how to get help.
Intimacy guidelines for Stage and Screen (MEAA)
These Intimacy Guidelines provide a framework for the stage and screen industries when creating, performing or recording performances of intimate scenes.
Worksafe Victoria
Worksafe Victoria provides tools and information to help understand obligations and find practical ways to reduce health and safety risks in your workplace.
This toolkit was developed by the British Council and Diversity Arts Australia with a number of Australian and UK partners including Creative Victoria (through the Diversity and Inclusion Program), Create NSW and Western Sydney University (WSU).
Positive Mental Health and Wellbeing
The Arts Wellbeing Collective
The Arts Wellbeing Collective is an Arts Centre Melbourne initiative that comprises a consortium of arts and cultural organisations working together to promote positive mental health and wellbeing in the performing arts.
Link to from The Arts Wellbeing Collective heading to https://www.artswellbeingcollective.com.au/
Entertainment Assist
Entertainment Assist is a national health promotion charity that raises awareness about mental health and wellbeing in the Australian entertainment industry and champions for generational change where:
Industry workers are educated to be aware of their own mental wellbeing,
Industry workers are educated to support their peers around mental health; and
Industry employers actively support the mental health and wellbeing of employees.
Support Act Wellbeing Helpline
It is completely confidential and free of charge to utilise the Support Act Wellbeing Helpline – a 24/7 phone counselling service. Simply phone 1800 959 500 to speak with an experienced, qualified clinician about any aspect of your mental health and wellbeing. You can make an appointment, or request to speak to someone immediately.
The Federal Government announced a funding package that enables the Support Act Wellbeing Helpline to be extended to all arts workers. So, if you have a peer working in another sector, for example, film or the visual arts, let them know that the Support Act Wellbeing Helpline is there for them, too.
The Show Must Go On follows former Home & Away actor and filmmaker Ben Steel on a soul searching investigation into why are there so many arts and entertainment workers developing and struggling with anxiety, depression and substance abuse and for the first time opening up a much-needed public conversation about their mental health and wellbeing.


Wal-Mart is doing some rare pruning.
The world's largest retailer is closing 269 stores, including 154 in the U.S. that includes all of its locations under its smallest-format concept store called Wal-Mart Express. The other big chunk is in its challenging Brazilian market.
The stores being shuttered account for a fraction of the company's 11,000 stores worldwide and less than 1 percent of its global revenue. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. said the store closures will affect 16,000 workers, 10,000 of them in the U.S. Its global workforce is 2.2 million, 1.4 million in the U.S. alone.
Michael Exstein, an analyst at Credit Suisse, described the moves as "baby steps" in his report published Friday, but he believes they are positive ones. He noted that this is the first mass closing that Wal-Mart has announced in at least two decades.
Wal-Mart has seen sales perk up for a key revenue measure for the last few quarters in its U.S. business. But it warned last October that its earnings for the fiscal year starting next month will be down as much as 12 percent as it invests further in online operations and pours money into improving customers' experience in the stores. The company has been building bigger fulfillment centers devoted to e-commerce orders and expanding online services.
Of the 154 store closures in the U.S., 102 of them are under the Wal-Mart Express name, which were opened as a test in 2011. The company operates more than 5,000 stores overall in the U.S.
Wal-Mart Express marked the retailer's first entry into the convenience store arena. The stores, which sold essentials like toothpaste, were meant to be a solution to the threat of the fast-growing dollar stores. Wal-Mart Express intended to be a two-pronged strategy: stores in small towns that aren't big enough to support a full-size Wal-Mart and stores in big cities where building a supercenter was impractical. But the concept never caught on as the stores served the same purpose as Wal-Mart's larger Neighborhood Markets: fill-in trips and prescription pickups.
Also covered in the closures are 23 Neighborhood Markets, 12 supercenters, seven stores in Puerto Rico, six discount stores and four Sam's Clubs.
More than 95 percent of the stores set to be closed in the U.S. are within 10 miles of another Wal-Mart. The Bentonville, Arkansas, company said it is working to ensure that workers are placed in nearby locations.
The retailer said it also closed 60 loss-making locations in Brazil, which accounts for 5 percent of sales in that market. Wal-Mart, which operated 558 stores in Brazil before the closures, has struggled as the economy there has soured. Its Every Day Low price strategy has also not been able to break against heavy promotions from key rivals.
Wal-Mart said that it's still sticking to its plan announced last year to open 50 to 60 supercenters, 85 to 95 Neighborhood Markets and 7 to 10 Sam's Clubs in the U.S. during the fiscal year that begins Feb. 1. Outside the U.S., Wal-Mart plans to open 200 to 240 stores.
The financial impact of the closures is expected to be 20 cents to 22 cents per share from continuing operations, with about 19 cents to 20 cents expected to affect the current fourth quarter. The company is scheduled to release fourth-quarter and full-year results on Feb. 18.
In a separate move, Wal-Mart said that it's merging its Arkansas-based team that creates technology for its stores with its Silicon Valley team that does the same for e-commerce. The move is expected to help Wal-Mart create a more seamless shopping experience for customers who are jumping back and forth between stores and their mobile phones.
Shares of Wal-Mart Stores Inc. fell $1.13, or 1.8 percent, to close at $61.93 amid a broad market sell-off.
FULL LIST OF 154 WALMART STORE LOCATIONS CLOSING ACROSS THE U.S.


There are many smartphones launched every month, but not everything can be tracked. So, a list of all major upcoming smartphones 2018 in India (December) is expected to be launched next month in India. There are some smartphones in this list that are now under the 'rumors' section. If you want to read more about the devices mentioned in this list, click on the link below on each device.


text:
Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg (* 22. Februar 1797 in Wolfshagen im Harz; † 7. Februar 1871 in New York; auch Heinrich Engelhardt Steinweg oder Henry E. Steinway) war ein deutscher Klavierbauer und Gründer von Steinway & Sons.

Biografie und Firmengründung
Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg wurde am 22. Februar 1797 in Wolfshagen im Harz als Sohn des Köhlermeisters Heinrich Zacharias Steinweg geboren; seine Mutter Rosine Elisabeth geb. Bauerochse starb im November 1810, sein Vater im November 1811. Im Alter von 15 Jahren begann er eine Tischlerlehre. Nach dem erfolgreichen Abschluss ging er nach Goslar, wo er als Organist tätig war und sich als Instrumentenbauer ausbilden ließ.

Steinweg kämpfte ab 1814 im Krieg gegen Napoleon und seine Grande Armée in der Schwarzen Schar; den Militärdienst verließ er 1822.

In Seesen erhielt er eine Sonderlizenz des Herzogs zum Aufbau eines Schreinerbetriebes, wegen einer zuvor eingetretenen Brandkatastrophe ohne die sonst verpflichtende siebenjährige Lehrzeit. Er begann nebenberuflich mit dem Bau von Gitarren, Zithern und Mandolinen und ging dann zum Bau von Tafelklavieren, Pianinos und Flügeln über. Sein erstes 1825 selbstgebautes Tafelklavier schenkte er seiner Braut Juliane zur Hochzeit, 1836 entstand der erste Flügel in einer alten, als Werkstatt hergerichteten Waschküche.

Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg und seine Ehefrau Juliane hatten zehn Kinder:

 C. F. Theodor Steinweg (1825–1889)
 Dorothee (Doretta) Steinway (1828–1900), heiratete Jacob Ziegler
 Karl / Charles H. Steinway (* 1829; † 31. März 1865 in New York)
 Heinrich / Henry Steinway jr. (* 1831; † 11. März 1865 in Braunschweig) heiratete Ernestine Henriette Millair (die Witwe heiratete in zweiter Ehe Charles Oakes)
 Wilhelmina Steinway (1833–1875), heiratete Theodor Vogel
 Wilhelm / William Steinway (1835–1896)
 Hermann Steinweg (1836–?), war als 14-jähriger Passagier auf dem Dampfer Helena Sloman nach New York City
 Albert Steinway (1840–1877)
 Anna Steinway (1842–1861)
 Juliane Steinway (starb als Baby)

Wegen der ungünstigen politischen und wirtschaftlichen Lage verkaufte Steinweg 1850 seinen Seesener Besitz und emigrierte mit der gesamten Familie, allerdings ohne seinen ältesten Sohn Theodor, über Hamburg nach New York City.

Theo blieb in Deutschland und baute sich ein eigenes Musikaliengeschäft und einen Klavierbau auf, erst in der Gegend von Minden, dann in Wolfenbüttel, wo er sich mit dem Klavierbauer Grotrian verpartnerte, später in Braunschweig.

Am 28. Mai 1850 emigrierte die Familie nach New York, wo die Männer zunächst in mehreren Klavierfabriken arbeiteten. Der zweite Sohn Karl (Charles) war schon ein Jahr zuvor, 1849, über Paris und London vorweg nach New York gegangen, um der vermuteten Verfolgung für seine 1848er Revolutionsumtriebe zu entgehen, und machte für die Familie die Erkundungen im Klavierbau der Großstadt New York.

Heinrich Steinweg, seine Söhne Karl, Henry junior, und Wilhelm (William) arbeiteten zunächst etwa zweieinhalb Jahre lang in mehreren New Yorker Klavierbaubetrieben als Arbeiter, um die New Yorker Baumethoden für Tafelklaviere und die Verkaufs-Usancen kennenzulernen.

Im März 1853, in einer Phase der Stagnation und zurückgehender Geschäfte, machten sich der Vater und seine drei erwachsenen Söhne Karl (Charles), Heinrich (Henry junior) und Wilhelm (William) mit einer mündlichen Übereinkunft an Williams Geburtstag selbstständig. Der jüngere Bruder Albert blieb zunächst noch außen vor; er wurde später Partner. Auch die Frauen und Töchter, sowie die kommenden Schwiegerkinder ("In-Laws") sollten allesamt nichts zu sagen haben in der Firma Steinway & Sons. Sie konnten durchaus Anteile halten und erben, aber sie konnten nicht Geschäftsführer oder Direktoren werden. Ihre Anteile mussten von Männern verwaltet werden, die den Namen "Steinway" trugen. Dies war die Tradition deutscher Handwerker, die der Vater seinen Söhnen einimpfte. Frauen waren nicht erwünscht bei Steinway & Sons, sie wirkten allenfalls als Sekretärinnen oder fertigten in Kriegszeiten Tastaturen. Die erste Frau, die in die Geschäftsleitung aufstieg, war die Sekretärin der Konzertbetriebsabteilung C & A Concerts and Artists, die in den 1930er Jahren ihren Chef kundig vertrat.

Anglisierung des Namens: Steinway & Sons
Heinrich Steinweg anglisierte 1854 seinen Namen in Henry E. Steinway; die Firma hieß seitdem Steinway and Sons. Die erste Werkstatt befand sich an der Adresse 85 Varick Street, reichte aber nur ein Jahr lang aus. Die Steinweg-Herren kauften die Konkursmasse von Pirsson, einem ihrer vormaligen Arbeitgeber, und zogen ab 1854 in mehrere heute nicht mehr zu lokalisierende kleinere und größere Werkstätten in Manhattans Süden, bis dann 1860 – nach gewaltigem geschäftlichem Erfolg des jungen Unternehmens – draußen vor den Toren der Stadt von damals 250.000 Einwohnern die große neue Fabrik an der heutigen 4th Avenue Ecke 52. und 53. Straße gebaut wurde. Zu jener Zeit machte William, der als Kaufmann die Firmenbücher führte, bereits die Honneurs zur Eröffnung. Der illiterate Vater Heinrich war noch hoch aktiv bei der Qualitätssicherung auf dem Bau gewesen, zog sich nun aber altershalber aus dem Tagesgeschäft des Klavierbaues mehr und mehr zurück.

Gusseiserner Rahmen
Das Geschäft nahm schnell einen enormen Aufschwung, nachdem es 1855 auf der New Yorker Industrieausstellung den ersten Preis für seine kreuzsaitigen Tafelklaviere erhalten hatte. 1856 wurde der erste Flügel gebaut, der einer Vorlage, nämlich dem damals weltweit als besten anerkannten Flügel von Sébastien Érard, Paris, folgte, gleich aber bereits eine entscheidende Verbesserung aufwies, die einteilige Gussplatte als starker Rahmen gegen den Saitenzug.

In kurzer Folge entwickelten Vater Heinrich und Sohn Henry jr. die Flügel zu einem technisch einzigartigen, nach wissenschaftlichen Methoden verfeinerten Produkt, überholten alsbald die Konkurrenz von Chickering and Sons in Boston und wurden im umtriebigen New York mit seinen ca. 35 Klaviermanufakturen führend. 1858 fertigten Vater und Sohn das "Scaling", die Auslegung der Klanganlage des ersten bass-überkreuzten Konzertflügels in der Länge um 250 cm, erhielten im Folgejahr hierauf ein Patent, und bauten zugleich den ersten "Parlor Grand", den Salonflügel der Länge um 220 cm, der in den Haushalten des Großbürgertums Mittelpunkt des Familien- und Gesellschaftslebens wurde.

1864 wurde der letzte Flügel gefertigt, der noch nach der Altväter Sitte gerade besaitet war. Das "System americaine", das Steinway-System mit Bassüberkreuzung, einteiliger Gussplatte und einer ausgefeilten Anordnung des Resonanzbodens, mit dem sich Sohn Henry jr. als Genie erwiesen hatte, hatte sich weltweit durchgesetzt und wurde von Wettbewerbern eifrig kopiert.

Bassüberkreuzung

Die Bassüberkreuzung in Flügeln, mit dem Vorteil der Anregung des Resonanzbodens in der Mitte des Flügelschwanzes bei freierer Schwingung, gilt als die entscheidende Entwicklung von Henry Steinway jr., die ihn zum Vater des modernen Flügels machte. Möglich war sie geworden durch intensive Forschung und die Nutzung der modernen New Yorker Metallverarbeitung in den umliegenden Gießereien.

Nach ständigem Drängen im Gedankenaustausch mit dem in Deutschland verbliebenen Sohn und Bruder Theodor, der eine technische Ingenieurs-Ausbildung hatte, näherte sich die Fa. Steinway  auch dem Bau von "Uprights"; den Hochklavieren an, die dann 40 Jahre später auch – mit erheblichem Zeitversatz – in den USA die Nachfolge der in Europa ab ca. 1855 obsoleten Tafelklaviere antraten. Theodor hatte immer dafür plädiert, dass sich sein Vater und seine Brüder mit der Herstellung kleinerer und preiswerterer Klaviere befassen sollten. Die "Grand Company", der reine elegante Flügelbau, den sich die US-Verwandten vorstellten, entsprach nicht Theodors Vorstellungen.

Der Vater Heinrich Engelhard verblieb freundlich indifferent, ließ die Söhne untereinander um den Fortschritt, um seine Gunst wettbewerben und streiten, und behielt sich – insofern komplett altdeutsch und paternalistisch – das letzte Wort vor.

1865 erlitten die junge aufstrebende Firma und die Familie einen doppelten Schicksalsschlag. Binnen 20 Tagen starben die beiden technisch beschlagenen New Yorker Söhne, Henry junior, am 11. März 1865 in New York, und Charles, auf Besuch bei seinem Bruder Theodor, am 31. März 1865 in Braunschweig. Der Vater und Bruder Wilhelm (William) mussten bei Theodor um Hilfe bitten – der Vater hatte keinen Techniker mehr zu seiner Unterstützung in New York und war schon alt geworden.

Grotrian-Steinweg in Braunschweig und Weiterentwicklung in New York
Theodor Steinweg verkaufte 1865 die Braunschweiger Firma an Wilhelm Grotrian, den Sohn seines früh verstorbenen Kurzzeit-Partners Grotrian, und zwei weitere Mitarbeiter, Helfferich und Schulz. Sie existiert noch heute unter dem Namen Grotrian-Steinweg. Theo trat im Herbst als Partner und Leiter der Technischen Entwicklung in das New Yorker Geschäft ein. Theo brachte auch Mitarbeiter in die USA mit. Arthur von Holwede, der spätere erste Direktor der Hamburger Fabrik ab 1880, war Theos Lehrling und dann Vorarbeiter geworden. Theo brachte mit seinen Leuten und deren Kompetenz im Klavierbau auch mehrere seiner Designs von unterschiedlichen Klavieren mit nach New York, die er dann zu fertigen begann.

Wesentliche Punkte von Theos weiterer technischer Entwicklung bei den Flügeln waren dann die gegossene einteilige Platte, die auch den Stimmstock überdeckt ("Cupola"), Versuchsflügel ab 1869, die Rohrgestell-Mechanik mit den Messingrohren ab 1871, und die Duplex-Skala zwischen 1870 und 1872, die er in Korrespondenz und mit Versuchen auf einem nach Berlin verbrachten Konzertflügel zusammen mit dem Physiker Hermann von Helmholtz entwickelte, und auch ein noch kleinerer Flügel "Monitor Grand", Vorläufer der heutigen A- und B-Typen – Aktivitäten, die noch der Vater Heinrich Engelhard sah und begleiten konnte.

1866 errichtete das Unternehmen einen eigenen Konzertsaal mit Verkaufsflächen für Klaviere an der 14. Straße in New York, die Steinway Hall, damals mit bis zu 2500 Sitzplätzen der größte Konzertsaal in der Stadt. Äußerst erfolgreich nahm die junge Firma an mehreren weiteren Ausstellungen teil (London 1862, Paris 1867) und errang Preise und große Anerkennung. Sohn William begann ab 1870 den Ankauf von Land auf der Manhattan gegenüberliegenden Insel Long Island und verlegte dorthin den Klaviaturenbau. Zudem errichtete er gemeinsam mit Bruder Theo eine eigene neue Gießerei. Dies waren die letzten Ereignisse eines gewaltigen beruflichen Erfolges, deren Entstehung der alt gewordene Heinrich Engelhard noch sah.

Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg starb in New York City, Vereinigte Staaten, am 7. Februar 1871. Er wurde auf dem Greenwood Cemetery in der Familiengruft zu Grabe gelegt.

1872 organisierte William Steinway die riesige USA-Tournee des Pianisten Anton Rubinstein, die als Beginn der bis heute werbewirksamen "Steinway Artists" gilt – die anerkannten Pianisten, die, wo es eben geht, darauf beharren, mit einem Steinway-Konzertflügel aufzutreten.

Den größten Erfolg des Unternehmens, den Gewinn des Klavierbau-Wettbewerbs auf der "Centennial Exhibition" zur Einhundertjahr-Feier der US-Verfassung in Philadelphia 1876 mit dem neuen Konzertflügeltyp "Centennial D Concert Grand", sah der Vater nicht mehr. Mit ihm erfüllte sich das Firmenmotto von Heinrich Engelhard, "to build the Best Piano Possible"; das best-mögliche Klavier zu bauen.

Seither gilt der Centennial D vom Dezember 1875, das von Theo verbesserte Design der bisherigen von Vater Heinrich, ihm und Bruder Henry jr. entwickelten Instrumente, als Urvater aller modernen Konzertflügel. Der erste der 424 Centennials wurde spät, 1896 erst, nach Hamburg geliefert, und ging dort verloren. Der zweite Centennial D steht in der Universität San José in Kalifornien und ist spielbereit. Noch heute sind ca. 45 Centennials bekannt, Die meisten stehen in den USA, fünf in Deutschland, einer in Österreich, einer in Chile. Der Centennial D ist ein Übergangstyp, in seine Bauzeit fällt die Umstellung der ehedem "gebauten" Flügelgehäuse aus Einzelplanken in die Rim-Fabrikation, die ab 1878 zuerst bei den kleineren, ab 1880 dann bei allen Flügeln aus Dickten, dicken Furnierstreifen verleimten Flügelformen, eingesetzt wurde. Diese Technik, die im Möbelbau zur Steigerung der Festigkeit und zur Minderung von Ausschuss schon bekannt war, übernahm Theodor nun auch im Flügelbau und wurde zum allenthalben nachgeahmten Standard.

Wilhelm (auch: William) Steinway, der vierte Sohn, unterstützte die Armen von Seesen, der Stadt, in der Vater Heinrich Engelhard sein erstes Klavier gebaut hatte, und stiftete den Park im Osten der Stadt, der nach der Klavierbauerfamilie benannt ist. Zum Dank dafür ernannten ihn die Stadtväter 1888 zum Ehrenbürger.

Albert Steinweg und die Mutter Juliane Thiemer Steinweg starben 1877 in New York.

Theodor Steinweg baute 1884 noch den Centennial-Nachfolger, den auch heute noch weitenteils unveränderten D-Konzertflügel, leitete von ihm den C-227-Flügel als Nachfolger des Parlor-Grand-Designs der beiden Henrys ab, zog sich später nach Braunschweig zur Leitung der Europa-Aktivitäten (Hamburg und London) zurück und starb dort 1889.

Als einzig noch lebender Steinway-Gründer blieb William, der Firmenpräsident seit der Inkorporation 1876; er starb 1896.

Das am längsten überlebende Kind von Heinrich Engelhard war Tochter Dorothee (Doretta), sie starb 1900.

Die Familienmitglieder der in den USA immer weiter wachsenden Steinway-Familie haben traditionell oft die Namen von Heinrich Engelhard und seinen Töchtern und Söhnen. Die Vornamen Henry, Theodore, William, Albert und Charles tauchen beinahe in jeder Generation wieder auf. Auch in der fünften Generation gibt es heute wieder einen Heinrich Engelhard Steinway.

Nachleben
 Henry E. Steinway ist auf dem Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York, begraben.
 Im städtischen Museum Seesen informiert eine Dauerausstellung über die Familie und die Firma Steinway. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Ausstellung steht das erste in den USA gebaute Tafelklavier Nr. 483 von Steinway & Sons und ein "Parlor Grand", ein Semikonzertflügel von 1864, der einst als früher Exporterfolg nach Hamburg geliefert worden war.
 In Wolfshagen im Harz, dem Geburtsort von Heinrich E. Steinweg, gründete sich 2011 der Wolfshäger Steinway-Verein, der sich der Förderung von Kultur, deren Pflege und Erhaltung widmet. In Erinnerung an Heinrich Steinweg veranstaltet der Verein jährlich Konzerte mit Musik verschiedener Epochen – von Klassik bis Jazz. Hauptveranstaltungsort ist die Festhalle in Wolfshagen. Der Mittelpunkt der Konzerte ist ein antiker Steinway-Flügel aus dem Jahr 1907, der vom Wolfshäger Steinway e.V. für das Festival vor Ort angeschafft wurde.
 Gemeinsam mit dem Fremdenverkehrsverein Wolfshagen im Harz e. V. veranstaltet der Verein zusätzlich alle zwei Jahre im Februar das traditionelle Gedächtniskonzert zu Ehren des weltberühmten  Klavierbauers.
 Der Steinway Trail erinnert als 14,3 Kilometer langer kulturgeschichtlicher Wanderweg zwischen Wolfshagen im Harz und Seesen an den Klavierbauer.

Literatur

 Ronald V. Ratcliffe: Steinway & Sons. Propyläen-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main (u. a.) 1992, ISBN 3-549-07192-2
 Richard K. Lieberman: Steinway & Sons. Eine Familiengeschichte um Macht und Musik. Kindler, München 1996, ISBN 3-463-40288-2
 Dirk Stroschein: Von Steinweg zu Steinway. Eine deutsch-amerikanische Familiensaga (Hörbuch auf Audio-CD). ISBN 3-455-32013-9

Filme
 Henry Steinway – Die Geburt einer Legende. Deutschland/USA, 2009 (52 min.) Szenische Dokumentation von Christoph Weinert. Erstausstrahlung: 16. Februar 2010 auf ARTE

Weblinks

 Christian Kosfeld: 07.02.1871 - Todestag des Klavierbauers Heinrich Engelhardt Steinweg WDR ZeitZeichen vom 7. Februar 2021. (Podcast)
 Kristina Festring-Hashem Zadeh: Henry E. Steinway: Der Piano-Pionier kommt aus dem Harz bei ndr.de vom 21. Februar 2022

Einzelnachweise

Klavierbauer
Steinway & Sons
Unternehmer (19. Jahrhundert)
Unternehmer (Braunschweig)
Angehöriger der Schwarzen Schar
Deutscher Emigrant in den Vereinigten Staaten
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1797
Gestorben 1871
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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[ARCHIVED THREAD] - 930 SPX front sight adjustment?
I've been shooting my 930 SPX for a couple months now and it's worked great, but I've found that there's not enough adjustment in the LPA ghost ring rear sight to get slugs hitting POA. They're about 6" high at 25 yards. I thought front sight wasn't adjustable, but I found a blog that mentioned that the front sight had a "unique adjustment" but didn't really go into the process. I can't figure it out. Help please!
Nevermind...figured it out on my own. DUH! Why didn't I figure this out earlier?!?


Post-90s employee is a special group of people in organizations. According to a bureau of statistics of China in 2015, there were 211 million post-90s in China, which made up 15.4% of the total population in China, so that post-90s will be the driving force of China's development in the future. Meanwhile, Hunan Education Publishing House is a famous publisher in China. Therefore, this dissertation will look post-90s employees in Hunan Education Publishing House as the research objects.
Non-financial incentives are becoming more and more important in motivating the staff, and because of the unique characters of post-90s employees, non-financial incentives of them might be more significant and useful. So this dissertation will focus on non-financial incentives and understand the real requirements of post-90s employees.
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