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WE CARE FOR YOUR HEALTH BECAUSE YOUR HEALTH STARTS WITH YOUR FEET!
You worry about your children's teeth, eyes, and other parts of the body. You teach washing, brushing, and grooming, but what do you do about your child's feet - those still-developing feet which have to carry the entire weight of the body through an entire lifetime?
Pediatric Podiatrists consider the first year of a child's life to be the most important in their development. The feet of a young child grow rapidly during the first year of life, often times reaching half of their adult foot size! This coupled with the fact that the human foot is one of the most complicated parts of the body containing numerous bones means a child's foot needs careful attention when pain or discomfort is present. Many adult foot ailments begin in childhood and may be present at birth. It's important that your child's feet get regular check ups from a skilled Pediatric Podiatrist who specializes in finding these particular ailments. Early and persistent pediatric foot care can remove or minimize these problems in later life.
Neglecting foot health allows for other conditions to appear such as in the legs, back and neck. There can also be undesirable personality effects for a child suffering from foot pain: The child with troublesome feet walks awkwardly and stands with poor posture. As a lifelong result, the child may become shy, introverted, and avoid athletics and social situations. Consultation between the podiatrist, pediatrician, and other medical specialists may to resolve these related problems.
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'Survivor' lawsuit begins trial
Hollywood, CA, United States (4E) – A consultant who filed a lawsuit against a former business partner of the creator of "Survivor" will be undergoing trial as he claims that there are millions of unpaid fees.
The lawsuit was filed by Layne Leslie Britton back in 2012. He argues that he helped in the "innovative and lucrative financial agreement" that "Survivor" creator, Mark Burnett, presented to CBS as per the sharing of advertising risk and revenue. Riggs then allegedly cheated Britton out of his share from the profits.
Britton and Riggs reportedly agreed to the former being entitled with 35 percent of the latter's share of revenue from "Survivor" Season 2 and forward. Britton was also to have 40 percent of Riggs' chare for the other shows that he worked on with Burnett. These shares were in exchange for Britton's advice and consultation regarding business matters in relation to "Survivor."
The trial began with opening statements form Britton's representative, Jeffrey D. McFarland. He told the jury, composed of five men and seven women, that sometimes people "steal with a gun and a knife" but other times "they steal from you by lying to you."
McFarland said that his client and Riggs agreed back in 2000 but the payments did not start until 2002. The payments stopped coming in 2006. At that time, Riggs said in an email that he is having problems with his employment status with Burnett and even promised Britton that he will pay the amount agreed upon. However, a video was played to the jury showing Riggs saying that he will not be paying Britton anymore as he felt like he was paid enough for the work he has done adding that he has not decided yet "whether to keep paying him anymore or not."
The defense, Eric M. George representing Riggs, said that Britton did little amount of work and there were more done by Riggs and Burnett. Riggs reportedly hired Britton and paid him $1.8 million for part-time work but he found out that the latter "parroted" the legal information he gave to the two other men.
In line with this, Riggs countersued Britton in 2013 saying that the latter was acting as an attorney and should be held liable for his actions. However, a judge granted partial summary judgment in favor of Britton as he did not act as an attorney for Riggs.
This is not the first time that Riggs was part of a lawsuit. In 2008, he sued Burnett for $70 million regarding profits from the show. He claimed that the creator did not properly pay him. The case was settled in March 2012.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What is a natural French phrase for 'You could do worse than'?
In order to recommend to someone something you think is a good idea, 'You could do worse than' is said like an understatement. It's like saying, 'Why don't you at least do something, there are a lot of worse options than that, after all'.
Having looked everywhere, I couldn't find any previous discussion anywhere discussing the French phrase equal to this one. I would like to say a thing like below. What is a natural French phrase for 'You could do worse than' in the bulleted sentences?
"Worse" translates pretty well to "pire" while the whole idea of "trying to be like someone" is conveyed by the word "modèle" or "example"
Note that this doesn't fully answer the question because depending on what comes after "than", so depending on the context, the formulation in French might vary.
Il ne m'en fallait donc pas plus pour avoir envie d'en faire une carrière. Ce ne serait pas une mauvaise idée que de prendre modèle sur lui, toi aussi.
The expression "could do worse" is an example of litotes, so a French equivalent should ideally take a negative structure.
I can't put my finger on what, exactly, but I'm not 100 per cent satisfied with my suggestion. I'll leave the rest to native French speakers.
A translation below; there is a problem however.
(Depuis mon enfance il m'a raconté de nombreuses histoires fascinantes qu'il rapportait des escales qu'il faisait en tant que pilote de ligne dans de nombreux pays étrangers. Cela m'a vite donné l'idée de devenir pilote moi-même; il y a bien moins grand que son idéal de pilote.
The use of "You" in "You could…" is an "impersonnal use", it means anyone, somebody in general; then in the same sentence there is a switch to a different type of use of "you"; in the phrase "you too" you can't have this use of "you", that is the "you" meaning "somebody in general" and so I have omitted that part that is not correct; maybe something else was meant but I can't guess.
(Depuis mon enfance il m'a raconté de nombreuses histoires fascinantes qu'il rapportait des escales qu'il faisait en tant que pilote de ligne dans de nombreux pays étrangers. Cela m'a vite donné l'idée de devenir pilote moi-même; il y a de bien moins grand idéaux que le sien, vous savez ? Vous aussi, vous pourriez suivre sa voie.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged expressions anglais formulation-idiomatique or ask your own question.
What numbers other than 36 have special significance for French speakers?
What is a natural French phrase for 'I've never seen you two apart'?
Natural French phrase for 'you got a strange idea for fun'?
What is the French phrase for "window shopping"?
Équivalent de "We couldn't catch a cold" ?


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Sabine Pass Battleground ›
Sabine Pass Battleground History
On September 8, 1863, the battle of Sabine Pass turned back one of several Union attempts to invade and occupy part of Texas during the Civil War.
The U.S. Navy blockaded the Texas coast beginning in the summer of 1861, while Confederates fortified the major ports. Union interest in Texas and other parts of the Confederacy west of the Mississippi River resulted primarily from the need for cotton by northern textile mills and concern about French intervention in the Mexican civil war. In September 1863, Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks sent 4,000 soldiers by transport from New Orleans under the command of Gen. William B. Franklin to gain a foothold at Sabine Pass, where the Sabine River flows into the Gulf of Mexico. A railroad ran from Sabine Pass to Houston and opened the way into the interior of the state. The Western Gulf Blockading Squadron of the U. S. Navy sent four gunboats mounting 18 guns to protect the landing of the transport troops. The Union commander, Lt. Frederick Crocker, formed a plan for the gunboats to enter the pass and silence the Fort Griffin guns so the troops could land.
At Sabine Pass, the Davis Guards—a Confederate Army unit composed of 45 enlisted men, one engineer, and one surgeon, all Irish and all in their 20s or younger—manned Fort Griffin, which was constructed by 500 conscripted slaves. The fort consisted of an earthwork that mounted six cannons, two 24-pounders and four 32-pounders.
The U.S.S Clifton shelled the fort from long range between 6:30 and 7:30 a.m. on September 8. The Confederates remained under cover because the ship was out of reach for their cannons. Behind the fort, Confederate officers gathered reinforcements, although their limited numbers would make resistance difficult if the federal troops landed.
At 3:40 p.m. the Union gunboats began their advance through the pass, firing on the fort as they steamed forward. Under the direction of Lt. Dowling, the Confederate cannoneers emerged to man their guns as the ships came within 1,200 yards. One cannon in the fort ran off its platform after an early shot, but the artillerymen fired the remaining five cannons with great accuracy. A shot from the third or fourth round hit the boiler of the U.S.S. Sachem, which exploded, killing and wounding many of the crew and leaving the gunboat without power in the channel. The following ship, the U.S.S. Arizona, could not pass the U.S.S. Sachem and withdrew from the action. The U.S.S. Clifton, which also carried several sharpshooters, continued up the channel near the Texas shore until a shot from the fort cut away its tiller rope. That left the gunboat without the ability to steer and caused it to run aground, where its crew continued to exchange fire with the Confederate gunners. Another well-aimed projectile into the boiler of the U.S.S. Clifton sent steam and smoke through the vessel and forced the sailors to abandon ship. The U.S.S. Granite City also turned back, thus ending the federal assault.
The Davis Guards fired their cannons 107 times in 35 minutes of action, a rate of less than two minutes per shot, which ranked as far more rapid than the standard for heavy artillery. The Confederates captured 350 Union prisoners and two gunboats. Gen. Franklin and the Union forces turned back to New Orleans, although Union troops occupied the Texas coast from Brownsville to Matagorda Bay later that fall. The Confederates, who suffered no casualties during the battle, received the gratitude of the Confederate Congress for their victory. Careful fortification, range marking and artillery practice had produced a successful defense of Sabine Pass.
Source: Handbook of Texas Online
Dick Dowling was born in Galway, Ireland in 1836. In an attempt to escape poverty, his family fled the country in 1846 for the U.S. and initially resided in New Orleans.
Dowling died in 1867 when he was 30 years old from yellow fever; the same disease that took his parents. He is buried in St. Vincent's Cemetery in Houston.
Although the site is most known for its role in the Civil War, it was also used as a U.S. Army coastal artillery battery during World War II. Four historic munitions magazines are still located on site.
There are two Fort Griffins in Texas. One was the fort established at Sabine Pass during the Civil War. The other Fort Griffin is located in Albany, Texas, and was constructed as one in a line of frontier defensive forts from 1867 to 1881. Both forts are Texas Historical Commission properties.
Sabine Pass Battleground was named one of the 10 most threatened American battlefieds by the Civil War Preservation Trust in March 2009. The site was chosen due to its hurricane-prone location.
Lt. Dick Dowling: A Brief Biography
Video Series on the History of Sabine Pass
8 a.m.–5 p.m.
Closed Thanksgiving, Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, New Year's Eve, and New Year's Day.
Sabine Pass Battleground State Historic Site is located in the Texas Lakes Trail Region.


The Conrad Cairo Hotel was the venue for the Information Technology and Telecommunication in the Arab World conference.
The conference was organised by Egypt's International Economic Forum under the auspices of, Egyptian Prime Minister, Dr. Atef Ebeid.
Top dignitaries and government officials from Egypt and the Arab world attended the conference where the professionalism and efficiency of Conrad Cairo team members' were seen at their best.
Conrad Cairo is an experience of luxury and style by the Nile featuring 617 elegantly designed guestrooms, including 52 suites and five executive floors, an array of restaurants and bars including Felucca Cafe, a world tour with international cuisine and buffets, Sea Market, the place for the freshest seafood, Villa D'Este' for a taste of Italy, Le Bar for an intimate atmosphere and the Atrium Lounge, a lively place to meet.
The hotel, which is represented at the Arabian Travel Market, offers the largest banqueting and meeting facilities in Cairo and a world class casino.


Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word Street.
"they walked the streets of the small town"; "he lives on Nassau Street"
"be careful crossing the street"
"she tried to keep her children off the street"
"he worked both sides of the street"; "cooperation is a two-way street"
"the whole street protested the absence of street lights"
the roadway of a street, as distinguished from the sidewalk; as, children playing in the street.
the inhabitants of a particular street; as, the whole street knew about their impending divorce.
Each of the three opportunities that players have to bet, after the flop, turn and river.
Having street cred; conforming to modern urban trends.
A street is a paved public thoroughfare in a built environment. It is a public parcel of land adjoining buildings in an urban context, on which people may freely assemble, interact, and move about. A street can be as simple as a level patch of dirt, but is more often paved with a hard, durable surface such as concrete, cobblestone or brick. Portions may also be smoothed with asphalt, embedded with rails, or otherwise prepared to accommodate non-pedestrian traffic. Originally the word "street" simply meant a paved road. The word "street" is still sometimes used colloquially as a synonym for "road", for example in connection with the ancient Watling Street, but city residents and urban planners draw a crucial modern distinction: a road's main function is transportation, while streets facilitate public interaction. Examples of streets include pedestrian streets, alleys, and city-centre streets too crowded for road vehicles to pass. Conversely, highways and motorways are types of roads, but few would refer to them as streets.
Song lyrics by street -- Explore a large variety of song lyrics performed by street on the Lyrics.com website.
We need more feet on the Street.
It is not a one-way street, however.
"Street." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2019. Web. 18 Apr. 2019. <https://www.definitions.net/definition/Street>.


Members of AileyCamp The Group took the stage in June at KCFAA's first Festival on the Vine.
"And certainly my experience with ArtsKC really provided me an opportunity to really understand the value of the arts from a community building aspect and a civic engagement aspect," Brownlee says.
As for first steps, Brownlee says he's put together a "learning plan" to find out as much as he can about the organization, from programming to fiscal health, as well as the goals of the board leadership.
In 1984, Kansas City Friends of Alvin Ailey was created as the second home of the New York-based Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, and the company travels here for annual performances. In the process of developing a strategic plan, the board of directors determined a new staffing model was in order to support the growth of KCFAA, which also offers classes and seeks to make dance accessible to all.
After 11 years as executive director, and 21 years with the organization, Tyrone Aiken will transition into a new position as chief artistic officer, creating and directing programming.
"For me, as the organization grows, it's an opportunity to focus on some parts of my skill set that I'm very passionate about," says Aiken. "That includes really being able to develop my connections as an artist, and an African-American artist, to the Kansas City community in a greater way."
Aiken says he envisions his role as leveraging partnerships with a commitment to the mission of diversity. He also plans to continue to develop the new three-day event called Festival on the Vine.
"It's an opportunity to focus more on the artistic quality and also the level of and intensity of engagement for our students and our programs," he says.
Correction: Tyrone Aiken's title was incorrect in our on-air newscast. His title in this story, the Kansas City Friends of Alvin Ailey's new chief artistic officer, is correct.
More than 200 people are expected Wednesday at the Gem Theater at 18th and Vine for a daylong community conversation about race.
Though the Fall Symposium: Race, Place & Diversity hosted by the Kansas City Friends of Alvin Ailey might feel like a response to this week's events at the University of Missouri in Columbia, the organization hosted a similar symposium a year ago and is committed to doing so for the next five years, says the organization's executive director, Tyrone Aiken.
Though the late choreographer George Balanchine may have been a genius, he had a skewed vision of what his ballerinas should look like. He dictated they be flat-chested and that they follow diets so strict they stopped menstruating. Today that's called body fascism in some circles. And it might have produced as much hurt as art.
Photographer Mike Strong has spent the past two decades capturing the movement of dancers on Kansas City stages.
When Strong first became interested in dance, he says he couldn't find much information about metro-area dance events. So in 1997, he started his own website, KCDance.com and has published photographs of performances and rehearsals ever since.
In a small dressing room Saturday afternoon, nine young dancers from AileyCamp The Group crowded around a bank of mirrors checking makeup and donning leotards. The dance troupe was one of three performing in Festival on the Vine's youth matinee performance at the Gem Theater in Kansas City.
The three-day festival of dance over the weekend featured Kansas City-based Owen/Cox Dance Group, Cleo Parker Robinson Dance from Colorado and CRISOL danza Fusión from Mexico. And Saturday was the moment for young dancers to take the stage.
It was 30 years ago this year that Kansas City Friends of Alvin Ailey was created as a second home for the New York-based Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, a modern dance company founded in 1958.
To mark this milestone, the Muriel McBrien Kauffman Foundation on Friday issued a challenge grant. At $375,000, it's the largest grant in the history of the Friends of Alvin Ailey.


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Hàrpal (en llatí Harpalus, en grec antic Ἅρπαλος) fou un astrònom grec que mencionen Censorí i Fest Aviè, i diuen que va ser l'introductor de loctaëteris, una alteració de la manera d'intercalació practicat al calendari de Cleostrat. També és considerat l'introductor d'una heccaedecaëtesis, o cicle de 16 anys. No consta que aquestes invencions fossin adoptades. També en parta Plini el Vell a la Naturalis Historia.

Referències

Astrònoms de l'antiga Grècia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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====== Reports ====== ===== Reporting obligations ===== ^Report period ^Report due^^ |1 January – 31 March| 15 April |New Zealand Domesday report | |1 April – 30 June| 15 July| |1 July – 30 September | 15 October| |1 October – 31 December | 15 January |Australia Domesday report | Domesday (annual reports) are due by the 15th April for NZ groups and 15th January for Australian groups. For NZ groups, by filling out the form above each quarter, the Domesday report will be automatically calculated by combining the reports of Q1,Q2,Q3 and Q4. In addition to reporting, Australian Reeves are required to fully reconcile Xero and update Dropbox at the end of each month.


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be_ixf;ym_201907 d_19; ct_50
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BMW and EEOC Reach 1.6M Settlement – The Importance of "Individual Consideration"
October 26th, 2015 | Sterling
On September 8th, 2015, a settlement was announced between BMW Manufacturing Company and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) for 1.6M. The settlement was regarding allegations that BMW's background check program through a new staffing contractor on existing workers at its Spartanburg, South Carolina production plant had a disparate impact on its African-American workers.
In 2008, BMW switched contractors for the management of its company logistics and required the new contractor to perform new criminal background checks on all existing workers who had applied to keep their positions. At that time, BMW had a policy to automatically exclude workers who had been convicted of certain categories of crimes. According to the original complaint, after the completion of new background checks, approximately 100 incumbent logistics workers lost their jobs. Among those workers were many individuals who had an extended number of years at that location. The EEOC alleged that 80% of those terminated workers were African-Americans. As per the guidance of the EEOC, when using arrest and conviction records in an employment decision, employers are required to consider the following factors:
The facts and circumstances surrounding the offense
The number of offenses for which the individual was convicted
The age of the individual at the time of conviction or release from prison
Evidence that the individual has performed the same type of work, post-conviction, with the same or a different employer, without incidents of criminal conduct
The length and consistence of employment history before and after the offense
Any efforts of the application towards rehabilitation
Employment or character references obtained regarding the individual's fitness for the particular position
Whether the individual will be bonded for the position
To conform to the EEOC's guidance, employers must give individual consideration for any criminal records. An effective background screening policy will clearly note that each report will be reviewed in compliance with the EEOC's guidance. Any blanket or broad automatic exclusions should not be part of any company's background screening policy as individual consideration of each background check with a criminal record is required. It is always advisable for organizations to consult with legal counsel to review their background screening policy to mitigate risks and promote maximum compliance.
Should you have any questions regarding this topic or any other compliance related topic, please reach out to us at compliance@sterlingbackcheck.com.
This publication is for informational purposes only and nothing contained in it should be construed as legal advice. We expressly disclaim any warranty or responsibility for damages arising out this information. We encourage you to consult with legal counsel regarding your specific needs. We do not undertake any duty to update previously posted materials.
US FACT Act Disclosure
client.support@sterlingcheck.com
© 2019 Sterling


text:
Alien degli abissi (Italy, 1989)
Also known as: Das Alien aus der tiefe (Germany) / Alien from the Deep (USA)
Anyone who has a bit more than a slight passing interest in Italo trash film knows the name "Anthony M. Dawson" as the most popular "international" pseudonym of the productive Italian (primarily trash) filmmaker Antonio Margheriti. Dawson/ Margheriti, who died of a heart attack on 04 November 2002, had probably some sixty films spanning the entire spectrum of popular genres to his credit by the time he went the way of the wind (horror, western, adventure, crime, science fiction, peplum – you name it, he made it). As to be expected when one has an output as prodigious as his, his films, which were from their innate nature already of the lower echelons, often varied in quality; nonetheless, his name graces some true Eurotrash "classics"– including such gothic favorites as La Vergine di Norimberga/The Virgin of Nuremburg (1963), the original Danza macabra/Castle of Blood (1964, w/Barbara Steele) and its more popular but indefinitely trashier remake with Klaus Kinski Nella stretta morsa del ragno/Web of the Spider (1971), the finely cheesy La Morte negli occhi del gatto/Seven Deaths in the Cat's Eye (1973) and the legendary Apocalypse domain/Cannibal Apocalypse (1980). (Better films than this one, one and all.)
1989's Alien degli abissi/Alien from the Deep was one of his last productions and is one of his least known – and not without reason. Despite having been written by Tito Carpi, a true master of Italo sleazy and trash – his "writing talents" helped bring some truly unadulterated and enjoyable Italo flotsam to the screen (including Enzo G. Castellari's Sinbad of the Seven Seas (1989)and Escape from the Bronx (1983), Joe D'Amato's Ladies' Doctor (1977) and The Pleasure Shop on 7th Avenue (1979), and Ruggero Deodato's Raiders of Atlantis (1983) and Jungle Holocaust (1977)) – Alien from the Deep is a rather uninteresting and pedestrian low-budget fusion of Sci-Fi monster flick and jungle action lightly peppered with an ecological message of some indefinable sort. The film's title is of course an intentional reference to Ridley Scott's much better Alien (1979), from which Margheriti's flick lifts a few minor details and ideas (including acid alien blood and gratuitous scenes of the heroine running around in their underwear, while the big showdown in Alien from the Deep is in turn actually a low-budget version of the final confrontation in James Cameron's sequel, Aliens (1986)). But seeing that originality is not a trait one usually expects in Italian trash film, anyways, his sources are immaterial.
In Alien from the Deep, two environmentalists sneak onto some tropical island with a volcano because they have heard that the E-Chem plant isn't being run kosher. They get discovered as they videotape evidence that the plant is dumping atomic waste directly into the island's active volcano, but whereas Lee the Cameraman (Robert Marius) gets caught, Jane the Heroine (Marina Giulia Cavalli) escapes into the jungle with all sorts of nasty mercenaries hot on her tail. For no apparent reason she is assisted by Bob, a snake venom harvester on the island (Danile Bosch, in his second and only film after starring in the Italian art house hit Good Morning, Babylon (1987); currently he is bearded and a pastor at the Worldwide Church of God in Sardinia, Italy). To the anger of Colonel Kovacks, the big nasty who runs the plant (good old Charles Napier, whose acting hasn't improved at all since the days he was one of Russ Meyers' coterie of regulars), they actually save Lee, but before they can leave the island an alien claw is drawn by the atomic waste to the location and kills Lee. See Jane run! See Bob run! Run, Jane, run! Run, Bob, run! One by one the alien kills the bad guys until its only Jane and Bob against the Colonel, but then he dies too so they can have a go at the alien; about this time we learn there is more to the alien than just a claw, but this doesn't make it any more convincing or scary. Do they manage to push the alien into the volcano and thus save the day? Well, what do you think?
Both Margheriti and Tito Carpi were seemingly on autopilot when they cobbled Alien from the Deep together, for the only thing the film truly excels in is its own mediocrity. Neither exciting nor very well made, it is also never becomes trashy or bad enough to transcend its innate mediocrity and become all that fun. In the end, the film is good for a laugh or two and also has some occasional (dated) gore but remains little more than a time waster... but there being so many better time wasters out there, there is really no reason to waste your time on it. Go for one of Margheriti's earlier movies instead.
Creepozoids (USA, 1987 Trailer)
Sars Wars/Khun krabii hiiroh (Thailand, 2004)
Alien Lockdown/Creature (USA, 2004)


TubeNet • View topic - What does a Sellmansberger CUP EXTENDER RING look like?
What does a Sellmansberger CUP EXTENDER RING look like?
It's a precision-machined insert that extends the cup depth by 1/8th inch.
For the deeper versions of the Solo, Imperial, Symphony, or Orchestra Grand cups, consumers can either choose the 1/8th inch deeper "Profundo" rims, or they can combine a standard depth rim with a cup extender ring.
There's not much difference in cost. Arguably, the "solid metal" deeper "Profundo" rim is more aesthetically pleasing, but the cup extender ring offers more flexibility in sonority.
We NEVER "torque" the components tightly together when we ship them. That's up to the consumer. I CAN post some pictures to show how to release tightly-torqued (or long-time-screwed-together) components. Is there any interest in this?
Re: What does a Sellmansberger CUP EXTENDER RING look like?
I am interested in pictures showing how to release tightly-torqued or long-time-screwed-together components. As long as it is not bothersome for you.
For me, the extenders work like a carburetor spacer on an intake manifold: too thick, and you get great tone but lose response. Too thin, and the tone is not improved noticeably. I bought one and shaved it with sandpaper to get a balance that suits me very well on my 2-piece Imperial and Lexan Modified Helleberg 32.6 rim.
The extender has been useful in defining the sound concept. If I want to blend more with the trombones, somewhat like the role of a cimbasso, I'll remove the extender. If conductor, principal trombone, and player are happy with tuba as a more distinctive, defined sound, the extender goes back in.
By any chance did you ever get pictures showing how to release tightly-torqued or long-time-screwed-together components? If you haven't been able to I understand, you have lots of responsibilities with mouthpieces, gigs, fixing instruments etc.
I hope what I wrote doesn't come off as rude, mean, or snobbish. I just couldn't come up with a better way to word it.
Actually, I thought again this morning that I had not got that done, and that I need to do it.


text:
Leave a light on for Scotland
Scotland's Calling – original independence song
Saltire Blue Sky – original independence song
It's not independence – it's leaving the Union.
All about all around me
Pitlochry, Perthshire, Scotland
I am from Pitlochry, a Victorian resort in the heart of the Scottish highlands.
Aldershot, Hampshire, England
We moved to Aldershot in England in 1975. I still live there … for now. See more here.
Ventnor, Isle of Wight, England
Ventnor on the Isle of Wight, aka Pitlochry-by-the-Sea, is our much-loved summer holiday destination. Click here to see why.
Click on each image to follow a link to more information about each of these special places.
Copyright © 2023 Rory Forbes. All rights reserved.


By the time you are reading this, I will likely be on a beautiful trout stream somewhere in Montana.
Hold the presses! Many of you know that all you have to do to "push my button" is say there is no good fishing in Nebraska. And now I am fishing in Montana? That is an outrage!
I love to fish and like most anglers I have a list several pages long of waters I would like to fish. Yes, many of them are in Nebraska, but there are plenty of out-of-state waters where I would like to "wet a line". A few years ago my sister and her family moved to Montana. One of my nephews is a fishing fool (wonder who he got that from?), and honestly we have not made it out there enough to visit them and do some fishing. So, we are taking a some time at the end of this summer to go out and visit, see some sights, spend time with family and of course, GO FISH! I can hardly wait.
Do not worry, as soon as we get home I will be back on the water somewhere in Nebraska and you can count on me continuing to champion the fishing opportunities we have in our great state. If you want, you can see some examples of that here, http://www.nefga.org/forum/album.php?albumid=244 . But you can also expect to see a few pictures from Montana when I get home.
Beside getting to experience some great fishing, I love fishing new waters, even "out-of-state" waters. There are a variety of reasons for that; for one I never get tired of the variety fishing provides. I love the ever-changing challenge of figuring out what the fish are doing and how to catch them. If I ever get stuck in a "rut" fishing for one species or fishing one body of water, it is simple to change things up and pursue another species on another body of water. And you know what? The variety and trying different things will make anyone a better angler. Versatility is a key to fishing success. In the next couple of weeks my family and I will head out west and we will fish some new waters and learn some new things. Many times new things that are learned can be applied to other fishing situations on other waters. So, standby, I will be back soon, there will be stories to be told, pictures to be shared and new ideas to discuss.
For my fly-fishing buddies, yes, the fly-rod is going with me! My nephew is one of those purist types and maybe he can teach me a thing or twenty!
My brother-in-law with a nice Bighorn brown. That is what I'm after!
One of my Montana nephews with a rainbow. I think he has been watching too many Jimmy Houston shows.
Have a safe trip Daryl. Can hardly wait to see the pictures.


text:
// Licensed under the BSD license. See LICENSE.txt for more details.

#include "translator/reference_translator.h"

#include <float.h> /* for FLT_MAX */
#include <boost/foreach.hpp>

#include "translator/rose_util.h"
#include "translator/ast_processing.h"
#include "translator/translation_context.h"
#include "translator/reference_runtime_builder.h"
#include "translator/builder_interface.h"
#include "translator/physis_names.h"
#include "translator/rose_fortran.h"

namespace si = SageInterface;
namespace sb = SageBuilder;
namespace ru = physis::translator::rose_util;
namespace rf = physis::translator::rose_fortran;

namespace physis {
namespace translator {

ReferenceTranslator::ReferenceTranslator(const Configuration &config):
    Translator(config),
    flag_constant_grid_size_optimization_(true),
    validate_ast_(true),
    grid_create_name_("__PSGridNew") {
  target_specific_macro_ = "PHYSIS_REF";
  if (getenv("PHYSISC_NO_VALIDATION")) {
    validate_ast_ = false;
  }
}

ReferenceTranslator::~ReferenceTranslator() {
}

void ReferenceTranslator::Translate() {
  defineMacro(target_specific_macro_);

  FOREACH(it, tx_->gridTypeBegin(),
          tx_->gridTypeEnd()) {
#if 0
    LOG_DEBUG() << "grid type";
    SgTypedefType *t = isSgTypedefType(it->first);
    assert(t);
    SgPointerType *userGridPtrType
        = isSgPointerType(t->get_base_type());
    SgClassType *userGridType
        = isSgClassType(userGridPtrType->get_base_type());
    assert(userGridType);
    SgClassDeclaration *userGridTypeDecl =
        isSgClassDeclaration(userGridType->get_declaration()
                             ->get_definingDeclaration());
    assert(userGridTypeDecl);

    const string gname = t->get_name().getString();
    SgTypedefDeclaration *td
        = sb::buildTypedefDeclaration(gname,
                                      grid_ptr_type_, global_scope_);
    //si::replaceStatement(t->get_declaration(), td);

    SgFunctionSymbol *fs
        = si::lookupFunctionSymbolInParentScopes(SgName(gname+"_new"),
                                                 global_scope_);
    si::removeStatement(fs->get_declaration());
#endif

  }

  ProcessUserDefinedPointType();

  DefineMapSpecificTypesAndFunctions();

  traverseBottomUp(project_);

  // In Fortran, the change after unparsing makes the stencil run
  // function is actually referenced from the map struct type, which
  // is not the case in the current ROSE AST. So running this function
  // over the AST is not allowed in Fortran.
  if (!ru::IsFortranLikeLanguage())
      rose_util::RemoveUnusedFunction(project_);

  FixAST();
  ValidateASTConsistency();
}

void ReferenceTranslator::FixAST() {
  if (!rose_util::IsFortranLikeLanguage()) {
    FixGridType();
    if (getenv("PHYSISC_NO_FIX_VARIABLE_REFERENCES")) {
      LOG_INFO() << "Skipping variable reference fixing\n";
    } else {
      si::fixVariableReferences(project_);
    }
  }
}

void ReferenceTranslator::ValidateASTConsistency() {
  if (validate_ast_) {
    // Run internal consistency tests on AST
    LOG_INFO() << "Validating AST consistency.\n";
    AstTests::runAllTests(project_);
    LOG_INFO() << "Validated successfully.\n";
  } else {
    LOG_WARNING() <<
        "AST consistency is not checked, and may be invalid.\n";
  }
}

void ReferenceTranslator::SetUp(SgProject *project,
                                TranslationContext *context,
                                BuilderInterface *rt_builder) {
  Translator::SetUp(project, context, rt_builder);
}

void ReferenceTranslator::Finish() {
  Translator::Finish();
}

void ReferenceTranslator::Optimize() {
  if (flag_constant_grid_size_optimization_) {
    optimizeConstantSizedGrids();
  }
}

void ReferenceTranslator::optimizeConstantSizedGrids() {
#if NOT_SUPPORTED_YET
  SgNodePtrList func_calls =
      NodeQuery::querySubTree(project_, V_SgFunctionCallExp);
  FOREACH(it, func_calls.begin(), func_calls.end()) {
    SgFunctionCallExp *func_call = isSgFunctionCallExp(*it);
    ROSE_ASSERT(func_call);
    LOG_DEBUG() << "func call: " << func_call->unparseToString() << "\n";
    SgFunctionSymbol *func_symbol = func_call->getAssociatedFunctionSymbol();
    ROSE_ASSERT(func_symbol);

    if (func_symbol != grid_dim_get_func_) continue;
    SgExpression *grid_arg_exp =
        func_call->get_args()->get_expressions()[0];
    ROSE_ASSERT(grid_arg_exp);
    SgInitializedName* grid_var =
        si::convertRefToInitializedName(grid_arg_exp);
    ROSE_ASSERT(grid_var);
    const GridSet *grid_set = tx_->findGrid(grid_var);

    // TODO (tatsuo): grid_set shouldn't be NULL, namely grid_var must always
    // associated with Grids.
    if (grid_set) {
      break;
    }

    const Grid *grid = *(grid_set->begin());

    if (grid->hasStaticSize()) {
      unsigned int size = grid->getStaticSize()[i];
      SgExpression *size_exp = sb::buildIntVal(size);
      si::replaceExpression(func_call, size_exp);
    }
  }
#endif
}

void ReferenceTranslator::TranslateKernelDeclaration(
    SgFunctionDeclaration *node) {
  SgFunctionModifier &modifier = node->get_functionModifier();
  modifier.setInline();
}

SgExprListExp *ReferenceTranslator::BuildNewArg(GridType *gt, Grid *g,
                                                SgVariableDeclaration *dim_decl,
                                                SgVariableDeclaration *type_info_decl) {
  SgExpression *type_info_exp = sb::buildAddressOfOp(Var(type_info_decl));
  SgExprListExp *new_args
      = sb::buildExprListExp(type_info_exp, Int(gt->rank()), Var(dim_decl));
  //SgExpression *attr = g->BuildAttributeExpr();
  //if (!attr) attr = sb::buildIntVal(0);
  //si::appendExpression(new_args, attr);
  appendNewArgExtra(new_args, g, dim_decl);
  return new_args;
}

void ReferenceTranslator::appendNewArgExtra(SgExprListExp *args,
                                            Grid *g,
                                            SgVariableDeclaration *dim_decl) {
  return;
}

void ReferenceTranslator::TranslateNew(SgFunctionCallExp *node,
                                       GridType *gt) {
  Grid *g = tx_->findGrid(node);
  PSAssert(g);

  SgExprListExp *dims = builder()->BuildSizeExprList(g);
  SgBasicBlock *tmpBlock = sb::buildBasicBlock();
  SgVariableDeclaration *dimDecl
      = sb::buildVariableDeclaration(
          "dims", ivec_type_,
          sb::buildAggregateInitializer(dims, ivec_type_),
          tmpBlock);
  si::appendStatement(dimDecl, tmpBlock);

  // TypeInfo
  SgStatementPtrList build_type_info_stmts;
  SgVariableDeclaration *type_info = builder()->BuildTypeInfo(gt, build_type_info_stmts,
                                                              tmpBlock);
  si::appendStatementList(build_type_info_stmts, tmpBlock);

  SgExprListExp *new_args = BuildNewArg(gt, g, dimDecl, type_info);

  SgFunctionSymbol *grid_new
      = si::lookupFunctionSymbolInParentScopes(grid_create_name_,
                                               global_scope_);

  // sb::build a call to grid_new
  SgFunctionCallExp *new_call
      = sb::buildFunctionCallExp(sb::buildFunctionRefExp(grid_new),
                                 new_args);
  //SgVariableDeclaration *curStmt
  //= isSgVariableDeclaration(getContainingStatement(node));
  SgStatement  *curStmt  = getContainingStatement(node);
  assert(curStmt);
  si::insertStatementAfter(curStmt, tmpBlock);
  SgExpression *grid_var = NULL;
  if (isSgVariableDeclaration(curStmt)) {
    SgVariableDeclaration *decl = isSgVariableDeclaration(curStmt);
    grid_var = sb::buildVarRefExp(decl);
    decl->reset_initializer(NULL);
  } else if (isSgExprStatement(curStmt)) {
    SgExprStatement *assn = isSgExprStatement(curStmt);
    SgAssignOp *aop = isSgAssignOp(assn->get_expression());
    PSAssert(aop);
    grid_var = aop->get_lhs_operand();
    si::removeStatement(curStmt);
  }
  si::appendStatement(
      sb::buildAssignStatement(grid_var, new_call),
      tmpBlock);
  return;
}

void ReferenceTranslator::TranslateGet(SgFunctionCallExp *node,
                                       SgInitializedName *gv,
                                       bool is_kernel,
                                       bool is_periodic) {
  /*
    (type*)(g->p0)[offset]
  */
  GridType *gt = ru::GetASTAttribute<GridType>(gv->get_type());
  const StencilIndexList *sil =
      rose_util::GetASTAttribute<GridGetAttribute>(node)->GetStencilIndexList();
  SgExpressionPtrList args;
  rose_util::CopyExpressionPtrList(
      node->get_args()->get_expressions(), args);
  SgExpression *p0 = builder()->BuildGridGet(
      sb::buildVarRefExp(gv->get_name(), si::getScope(node)),
      rose_util::GetASTAttribute<GridVarAttribute>(gv),
      gt,
      &args, sil, is_kernel, is_periodic);
  rose_util::GetASTAttribute<GridGetAttribute>(p0)->gv() = gv;
  si::replaceExpression(node, p0);
}

void ReferenceTranslator::RemoveEmitDummyExp(SgExpression *emit) {
  // For EmitUtype, dummy pointer dereference needs to be removed,
  // i.e., (*(type *)emit_exp) -> emit_exp
  PSAssert(isSgCastExp(emit->get_parent()));
  SgPointerDerefExp *deref_exp = isSgPointerDerefExp(
      emit->get_parent()->get_parent());
  PSAssert(deref_exp);
  si::replaceExpression(deref_exp, si::copyExpression(emit));
}

void ReferenceTranslator::TranslateEmit(SgFunctionCallExp *node,
                                        GridEmitAttribute *attr) {
  bool is_grid_type_specific_call =
      GridType::isGridTypeSpecificCall(node);

  GridType *gt = attr->gt();
  int nd = gt->rank();
  SgInitializedNamePtrList &params = getContainingFunction(node)->get_args();
  SgExpressionPtrList args;
  for (int i = 0; i < nd; ++i) {
    SgInitializedName *p = params[i];
    args.push_back(sb::buildVarRefExp(p, si::getScope(node)));
  }

  SgExpression *emit_val =
      si::copyExpression(node->get_args()->get_expressions().back());

  SgExpression *emit =
      builder()->BuildGridEmit(sb::buildVarRefExp(attr->gv()),
                                 attr, &args, emit_val,
                                 si::getScope(node));

  si::replaceExpression(node, emit);

  if (!is_grid_type_specific_call) {
    RemoveEmitDummyExp(emit);
  }

}

static SgType *GetDomType(StencilMap *sm) {
  SgType *t = sm->getDom()->get_type();
  PSAssert(t);
  return t;
}

void ReferenceTranslator::TranslateMap(SgFunctionCallExp *node,
                                       StencilMap *stencil) {
  // gFunctionDeclaration *mapFunc = GenerateMap(stencil);
  // nsertStatement(getContainingFunction(node), mapFunc);

  SgFunctionDeclaration *realMap = stencil->getFunc();
  assert(realMap);
  // This doesn't work because the real map does not have
  // defining declarations
  // SgFunctionRefExp *ref = sb::buildFunctionRefExp(realMap);
  LOG_DEBUG() << "realmap: "
              << realMap->get_name() << "\n";
  SgFunctionRefExp *ref = rose_util::getFunctionRefExp(realMap);
  assert(ref);
  //LOG_DEBUG() << "Map function: " << ref->unparseToString() << "\n";

  SgExpressionPtrList &args = node->get_args()->get_expressions();
  SgExpressionPtrList::iterator args_it = args.begin();
  SgExprListExp *new_args = sb::buildExprListExp();
  if (ru::IsFortranLikeLanguage()) {
    si::appendExpression(new_args, si::copyExpression(*args_it));
    ++args_it;
  }
  // Skip the kernel argument
  ++args_it;
  FOREACH(it, args_it, args.end()) {
    si::appendExpression(new_args, si::copyExpression(*it));
  }
  si::replaceExpression(node,
                        sb::buildFunctionCallExp(ref, new_args));
}

void ReferenceTranslator::InsertStencilSpecificType(StencilMap *s,
                                                    SgClassDeclaration *type_decl) {
  if (ru::IsFortranLikeLanguage()) {
    // Assumes the kernel function is located in a module. Finds the
    // type declration part (before "contains" statement), and insert
    // the new type at the end of the pre-contains area
    SgClassDefinition *mod = isSgClassDefinition(s->getKernel()->get_parent());
    if (!mod) {
      LOG_ERROR() << "Unknown kernel parent node ("
                  << s->getKernel()->get_parent()->class_name() << "): "
                  << s->getKernel()->get_parent()->unparseToString() << "\n";
      PSAbort(1);
    }
    vector<SgContainsStatement*> csv = si::querySubTree<SgContainsStatement>(mod);
    if (csv.size() == 0) {
      LOG_ERROR() << "No \'contains\' statement in the module.\n";
      PSAbort(1);
    }
    SgContainsStatement *cs = csv[0];
    si::insertStatementBefore(cs, type_decl);
  } else {
    si::insertStatementBefore(s->getKernel(), type_decl);
  }
}

void ReferenceTranslator::InsertStencilSpecificFunc(StencilMap *s,
                                                    SgFunctionDeclaration *func) {
  si::insertStatementAfter(s->getKernel(), func);
}

void ReferenceTranslator::DefineMapSpecificTypesAndFunctions() {
  FOREACH(it, tx_->mapBegin(),
          tx_->mapEnd()) {
    StencilMap *s = it->second;
    // multiple stencil_map may call use the same kernel with the
    // same dimensionality
    SgType *t =
        si::lookupNamedTypeInParentScopes(s->GetTypeName(), global_scope_);
    if (t) {
      // necessary types and functions are already generated
      s->stencil_type() = isSgClassType(t);
      SgFunctionSymbol *mapSymbol
          = si::lookupFunctionSymbolInParentScopes(s->GetMapName(),
                                                   global_scope_);
      assert(mapSymbol);
      s->setFunc(mapSymbol->get_declaration());
      SgFunctionSymbol *runSymbol
          = si::lookupFunctionSymbolInParentScopes(s->GetRunName(),
                                                   global_scope_);
      assert(runSymbol);
      s->run() = runSymbol->get_declaration();

      SgFunctionSymbol *runInnerSymbol
          = si::lookupFunctionSymbolInParentScopes(
              s->GetRunName() + "_" + string(PS_STENCIL_MAP_INNER_SUFFIX_NAME),
              global_scope_);

      if (runInnerSymbol) {
        s->run_inner() = runInnerSymbol->get_declaration();
      }
      continue;
    }

    SgClassDeclaration *sm_type = builder()->BuildStencilMapType(s);
    InsertStencilSpecificType(s, sm_type);
    s->stencil_type() = sm_type->get_type();

    // define real stencil_map function
    SgFunctionDeclaration *realMap = builder()->BuildMap(s);
    assert(realMap);
    InsertStencilSpecificFunc(s, realMap);
    s->setFunc(realMap);
#if 1
    SgFunctionDeclaration *runKernel = builder()->BuildRunKernelFunc(s);
#else
    SgFunctionParameterList *pl =
        builder()->BuildRunKernelFuncParameterList(s);
    vector<SgVariableDeclaration*> indices;
    SgBasicBlock *body = builder()->BuildRunKernelFuncBody(s, pl, indices);
    SgFunctionDeclaration *runKernel =
        builder()->BuildRunKernelFunc(s, pl, body, indices);
#endif
    assert(runKernel);
    s->run() = runKernel;
    InsertStencilSpecificFunc(s, runKernel);

    SgFunctionDeclaration *runInnerKernel = BuildRunInteriorKernel(s);
    if (runInnerKernel) {
      s->run_inner() = runInnerKernel;
      InsertStencilSpecificFunc(s, runInnerKernel);
    }
    vector<SgFunctionDeclaration*> runBoundaryKernel =
        BuildRunBoundaryKernel(s);
    FOREACH (it, runBoundaryKernel.begin(), runBoundaryKernel.end()) {
      InsertStencilSpecificFunc(s, *it);
    }
  }
}

/** generate dlopen and dlsym code
 * @param[in] run
 * @param[in] ref ... function reference  '__PSStencilRun_0(1, ...);'
 * @param[in] index ... VAR's expression
 * @param[in] scope
 * @return    statement like below
 *  if (l == VAR / N) {
 *    l = VAR / N;
 *    if (handle) dlclose(handle);
 *    <<< AddSyncAfterDlclose(...) >>>
 *    handle = dlopen(__dl_fname[l], RTLD_NOW);
 *    if (!handle) { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", dlerror()); PSAbort(EXIT_FAILURE); }
 *    dlerror();
 *    *(void **)(&__PSStencilRun_0) = dlsym(handle, "__PSStencilRun_0");
 *    if ((error = dlerror()) != NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", error); PSAbort(EXIT_FAILURE); }
 *  }
 */
SgStatement *ReferenceTranslator::GenerateDlopenDlsym(
    Run *run, SgFunctionRefExp *ref,
    SgExpression *index, SgScopeStatement *scope) {
  SgBasicBlock *if_true = sb::buildBasicBlock();
  SgExpression *l_exp = index;
  if (config_.ndynamic() > 1) {
    l_exp = sb::buildIntegerDivideOp(
        l_exp, sb::buildIntVal(config_.ndynamic()));
  }
  /* l = VAR / N; */
  si::appendStatement(
      sb::buildAssignStatement(sb::buildVarRefExp("l", scope), l_exp),
      if_true);
  /* if (handle) dlclose(handle); */
  si::appendStatement(
      sb::buildIfStmt(
          sb::buildVarRefExp("handle", scope),
          sb::buildExprStatement(
              sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
                  sb::buildFunctionRefExp("dlclose"),
                  sb::buildExprListExp(
                      sb::buildVarRefExp("handle", scope)))),
          NULL),
      if_true);
  builder()->AddSyncAfterDlclose(if_true);
  /* handle = dlopen(__dl_fname[l], RTLD_NOW); */
  si::appendStatement(
      sb::buildAssignStatement(
          sb::buildVarRefExp("handle", scope),
          sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
              sb::buildFunctionRefExp("dlopen"),
              sb::buildExprListExp(
                  sb::buildPntrArrRefExp(
                      sb::buildVarRefExp(
                          sb::buildVariableDeclaration(
                              "__dl_fname",
                              sb::buildArrayType(
                                  sb::buildPointerType(
                                      sb::buildCharType())))),
                      sb::buildVarRefExp("l", scope)),
                  sb::buildOpaqueVarRefExp("RTLD_NOW")
                  //sb::buildIntVal(RTLD_NOW)
                  ))),
      if_true);
  /* if (!handle) { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", dlerror()); PSAbort(EXIT_FAILURE); } */
  si::appendStatement(
      sb::buildIfStmt(
          sb::buildNotOp(sb::buildVarRefExp("handle", scope)),
          sb::buildBasicBlock(
              sb::buildExprStatement(
                  sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
                      sb::buildFunctionRefExp("fprintf"),
                      sb::buildExprListExp(
                          sb::buildOpaqueVarRefExp("stderr"),
                          sb::buildStringVal("%s\\n"),
                          sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
                              sb::buildFunctionRefExp("dlerror"), NULL)))),
              sb::buildExprStatement(
                  sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
                      sb::buildFunctionRefExp("PSAbort"),
                      sb::buildExprListExp(
                          sb::buildIntVal(EXIT_FAILURE))))),
          NULL),
      if_true);
  /* dlerror(); */
  si::appendStatement(
      sb::buildExprStatement(
          sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
              sb::buildFunctionRefExp("dlerror"), NULL)),
      if_true);
  /* all stencils */
  SgFunctionSymbol *func_sym = ref->get_symbol();
  PSAssert(func_sym);
  SgName fname = func_sym->get_name();
  /* *(void **)(&__PSStencilRun_0) = dlsym(handle, "__PSStencilRun_0"); */
  si::appendStatement(
      sb::buildAssignStatement(
          sb::buildPointerDerefExp(
              sb::buildCastExp(
                  sb::buildAddressOfOp(
                      sb::buildOpaqueVarRefExp(
                          fname.getString() + " ")), /* XXX: fake */
                  sb::buildPointerType(
                      sb::buildPointerType(sb::buildVoidType())))),
          sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
              sb::buildFunctionRefExp("dlsym"),
              sb::buildExprListExp(
                  sb::buildVarRefExp("handle", scope),
                  sb::buildStringVal(fname)))),
      if_true);
  /* if ((error = dlerror()) != NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", error); PSAbort(EXIT_FAILURE); } */
  si::appendStatement(
      sb::buildIfStmt(
          sb::buildAssignOp(
              sb::buildVarRefExp("error", scope),
              sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
                  sb::buildFunctionRefExp("dlerror"), NULL)),
          sb::buildBasicBlock(
              sb::buildExprStatement(
                  sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
                      sb::buildFunctionRefExp("fprintf"),
                      sb::buildExprListExp(
                          sb::buildOpaqueVarRefExp("stderr"),
                          sb::buildStringVal("%s\\n"),
                          sb::buildVarRefExp("error", scope)))),
              sb::buildExprStatement(
                  sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
                      sb::buildFunctionRefExp("PSAbort"),
                      sb::buildExprListExp(
                          sb::buildIntVal(EXIT_FAILURE))))),
          NULL),
      if_true);

  /* if (l != VAR / N) */
  SgStatement *stmt =
      sb::buildIfStmt(
          sb::buildNotEqualOp(sb::buildVarRefExp("l", scope), l_exp),
          if_true, NULL);
  return stmt;
}
/** generate trial code
 * @param[in] run
 * @param[in] ref ... function reference  '__PSStencilRun_0(1, ...);'
 * @return    function declaration like below
 *  static void __PSStencilRun_N_trial(int iter, ...) {
 *    static int count = 0;
 *    static int mindex = 0;
 *    static float mtime = FLT_MAX;
 *    static void *r = __PSRandomInit(N); // for random
 *    void *handle = NULL;
 *    char *error;
 *    int l = -1;
 *    while (count < T && iter > 0) {
 *      float time;
 *      int index = __PSRandom(r, count); // for random
 *      int a = index % N;
 *      <<< GenerateDlopenDlsym(...) >>>
 *      time = __PSStencilRun_0(1, ...);
 *      if (mtime > time) { mtime = time; mindex = index; }
 *      ++count;
 *      --iter;
 *      if (count >= T) __PSRandomFini(r); // for random
 *    }
 *    if (iter > 0) {
 *      int a = mindex % N;
 *      <<< GenerateDlopenDlsym(...) >>>
 *      __PSStencilRun_0(iter, ...);
 *    }
 *    if (handle) dlclose(handle);
 *    <<< AddSyncAfterDlclose(...) >>>
 *  }
 */
SgFunctionDeclaration *ReferenceTranslator::GenerateTrial(
    Run *run, SgFunctionRefExp *ref) {
  // setup the parameter list
  SgFunctionParameterList *parlist = sb::buildFunctionParameterList();
  si::appendArg(parlist, sb::buildInitializedName("iter",
                                                  sb::buildIntType()));

  ENUMERATE(i, it, run->stencils().begin(), run->stencils().end()) {
    StencilMap *stencil = it->second;
    //SgType *stencilType = sb::buildPointerType(stencil->getType());
    SgType *stencilType = stencil->stencil_type();
    si::appendArg(parlist,
                  sb::buildInitializedName("s" + toString(i),
                                           stencilType));
  }

  // Declare and define the function
  SgFunctionDeclaration *trialFunc =
      sb::buildDefiningFunctionDeclaration(run->GetName() + "_trial",
                                           sb::buildVoidType(),
                                           parlist);
  rose_util::SetFunctionStatic(trialFunc);

  // Function body
  SgFunctionDefinition *fdef = trialFunc->get_definition();
  SgDeclarationStatement *vd;
  SgExprListExp *args;
  SgBasicBlock *funcBlock = sb::buildBasicBlock();
  /* static int count = 0; */
  si::setStatic(
      vd = sb::buildVariableDeclaration(
          "count", sb::buildIntType(),
          sb::buildAssignInitializer(sb::buildIntVal(0)), funcBlock));
  si::appendStatement(vd, funcBlock);
  /* static int mindex = 0; */
  si::setStatic(
      vd = sb::buildVariableDeclaration(
          "mindex", sb::buildIntType(),
          sb::buildAssignInitializer(sb::buildIntVal(0)), funcBlock));
  si::appendStatement(vd, funcBlock);
  /* static float mtime = FLT_MAX; */
  si::setStatic(
      vd = sb::buildVariableDeclaration(
          "mtime", sb::buildFloatType(),
          //sb::buildAssignInitializer(sb::buildOpaqueVarRefExp("FLT_MAX")),
          sb::buildAssignInitializer(sb::buildFloatVal(FLT_MAX)),
          funcBlock));
  si::appendStatement(vd, funcBlock);
  int trial_times = config_.npattern() * config_.ndynamic();
  bool random_flag = false;
  double val;
  if (config_.Lookup("AT_TRIAL_TIMES", val) &&
      (int)val > 0 && trial_times > (int)val) {
    /* static void *r = __PSRandomInit(N); */
    si::setStatic(
        vd = sb::buildVariableDeclaration(
            "r", sb::buildPointerType(sb::buildVoidType()),
            sb::buildAssignInitializer(
                sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
                    sb::buildFunctionRefExp("__PSRandomInit"),
                    sb::buildExprListExp(sb::buildIntVal(trial_times)))),
            funcBlock));
    si::appendStatement(vd, funcBlock);
    random_flag = true;
    trial_times = (int)val;
  }

  if (config_.npattern() > 1) {
    /* void *handle = NULL; */
    si::appendStatement(
        sb::buildVariableDeclaration(
            "handle", sb::buildPointerType(sb::buildVoidType()),
            //sb::buildAssignInitializer(sb::buildOpaqueVarRefExp("NULL")),
            sb::buildAssignInitializer(sb::buildIntVal(NULL)),
            funcBlock),
        funcBlock);
    /* char *error; */
    si::appendStatement(
        sb::buildVariableDeclaration(
            "error", sb::buildPointerType(sb::buildCharType()), NULL,
            funcBlock),
        funcBlock);
    /* int l = -1; */
    si::appendStatement(
        sb::buildVariableDeclaration(
            "l", sb::buildIntType(),
            sb::buildAssignInitializer(sb::buildIntVal(-1)), funcBlock),
        funcBlock);
  }

  SgBasicBlock *while_body = sb::buildBasicBlock();
  /* float time; */
  si::appendStatement(
      sb::buildVariableDeclaration(
          "time", sb::buildFloatType(), NULL, while_body),
      while_body);
  if (random_flag) {
    /* int index = __PSRandom(r, count); */
    si::appendStatement(
        sb::buildVariableDeclaration(
            "index", sb::buildIntType(),
            sb::buildAssignInitializer(
                sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
                    sb::buildFunctionRefExp("__PSRandom"),
                    sb::buildExprListExp(
                        sb::buildVarRefExp("r", funcBlock),
                        sb::buildVarRefExp("count", funcBlock)))),
            while_body),
        while_body);
  } else {
    /* int index = count; */
    si::appendStatement(
        sb::buildVariableDeclaration(
            "index", sb::buildIntType(),
            sb::buildAssignInitializer(
                sb::buildVarRefExp("count", funcBlock)),
            while_body),
        while_body);
  }
  /* int a = index % N; */
  if (config_.ndynamic() > 1) {
    SgExpression *e = sb::buildVarRefExp("index", while_body);
    if (config_.npattern() > 1) {
      e = sb::buildModOp(e, sb::buildIntVal(config_.ndynamic()));
    }
    si::appendStatement(
        sb::buildVariableDeclaration(
            "a", sb::buildIntType(), sb::buildAssignInitializer(e)),
        while_body);
  }
  /* dlopen(), dlsym() */
  if (config_.npattern() > 1) {
    si::appendStatement(
        GenerateDlopenDlsym(
            run, ref, sb::buildVarRefExp("index", while_body), funcBlock),
        while_body);
  }
  /* time = __PSStencilRun_0(1, ...); */
  args = sb::buildExprListExp(sb::buildIntVal(1));
  if (config_.ndynamic() > 1) {
    builder()->AddDynamicArgument(args, sb::buildVarRefExp("a", while_body));
  }
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < run->stencils().size(); ++i) {
    si::appendExpression(args, sb::buildVarRefExp("s" + toString(i)));
  }
  si::appendStatement(
      sb::buildAssignStatement(
          sb::buildVarRefExp("time", while_body),
          sb::buildFunctionCallExp(ref, args)),
      while_body);
#if 1 /* debug */
  if (config_.ndynamic() > 1) {
    /* fprintf(stderr, "; __PSStencilRun_0_trial: [%05d:%d] time = %f\n", , index/N, index%N, time); */
    si::appendStatement(
        sb::buildExprStatement(
            sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
                sb::buildFunctionRefExp("fprintf"),
                sb::buildExprListExp(
                    sb::buildOpaqueVarRefExp("stderr"),
                    sb::buildStringVal("; " + run->GetName() + "_trial: [%05d:%d] time = %f\\n"),
                    sb::buildIntegerDivideOp(
                        sb::buildVarRefExp("index", funcBlock),
                        sb::buildIntVal(config_.ndynamic())),
                    sb::buildModOp(
                        sb::buildVarRefExp("index", funcBlock),
                        sb::buildIntVal(config_.ndynamic())),
                    sb::buildVarRefExp("time", while_body)))),
        while_body);
  } else {
    /* fprintf(stderr, "; __PSStencilRun_0_trial: [%05d] time = %f\n", index, time); */
    si::appendStatement(
        sb::buildExprStatement(
            sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
                sb::buildFunctionRefExp("fprintf"),
                sb::buildExprListExp(
                    sb::buildOpaqueVarRefExp("stderr"),
                    sb::buildStringVal("; " + run->GetName() + "_trial: [%05d] time = %f\\n"),
                    sb::buildVarRefExp("index", funcBlock),
                    sb::buildVarRefExp("time", while_body)))),
        while_body);
  }
#endif
  /* if (mtime > time) { mtime = time; mindex = index; } */
  si::appendStatement(
      sb::buildIfStmt(
          sb::buildGreaterThanOp(
              sb::buildVarRefExp("mtime", funcBlock),
              sb::buildVarRefExp("time", while_body)),
          sb::buildBasicBlock(
              sb::buildAssignStatement(
                  sb::buildVarRefExp("mtime", funcBlock),
                  sb::buildVarRefExp("time", while_body)),
              sb::buildAssignStatement(
                  sb::buildVarRefExp("mindex", funcBlock),
                  sb::buildVarRefExp("index", while_body))),
          NULL),
      while_body);
  /* ++count; */
  si::appendStatement(
      sb::buildExprStatement(
          sb::buildPlusPlusOp(
              sb::buildVarRefExp("count", funcBlock), SgUnaryOp::prefix)),
      while_body);
  /* --iter; */
  si::appendStatement(
      sb::buildExprStatement(
          sb::buildMinusMinusOp(
              sb::buildVarRefExp("iter", funcBlock), SgUnaryOp::prefix)),
      while_body);
  if (random_flag) {
    /* if (count >= T) __PSRandomFini(r); */
    si::appendStatement(
        sb::buildIfStmt(
            sb::buildGreaterOrEqualOp(
                sb::buildVarRefExp("count", funcBlock),
                sb::buildIntVal(trial_times)),
            sb::buildExprStatement(
                sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
                    sb::buildFunctionRefExp("__PSRandomFini"),
                    sb::buildExprListExp(sb::buildVarRefExp("r", funcBlock)))),
            NULL),
        while_body);
  }
  /* while (count < T && iter > 0) */
  si::appendStatement(
      sb::buildWhileStmt(
          sb::buildAndOp(
              sb::buildLessThanOp(
                  sb::buildVarRefExp("count", funcBlock),
                  sb::buildIntVal(trial_times)),
              sb::buildGreaterThanOp(
                  sb::buildVarRefExp("iter", funcBlock),
                  sb::buildIntVal(0))),
          while_body),
      funcBlock);

  SgBasicBlock *if_true = sb::buildBasicBlock();
#if 1 /* debug */
  if (config_.ndynamic() > 1) {
    /* fprintf(stderr, "; __PSStencilRun_0_trial: [%05d:%d] mtime = %f\n", mindex/N, mindex%N, mtime); */
    si::appendStatement(
        sb::buildExprStatement(
            sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
                sb::buildFunctionRefExp("fprintf"),
                sb::buildExprListExp(
                    sb::buildOpaqueVarRefExp("stderr"),
                    sb::buildStringVal("; " + run->GetName() + "_trial: [%05d:%d] mtime = %f\\n"),
                    sb::buildIntegerDivideOp(
                        sb::buildVarRefExp("mindex", funcBlock),
                        sb::buildIntVal(config_.ndynamic())),
                    sb::buildModOp(
                        sb::buildVarRefExp("mindex", funcBlock),
                        sb::buildIntVal(config_.ndynamic())),
                    sb::buildVarRefExp("mtime", funcBlock)))),
        if_true);
  } else {
    /* fprintf(stderr, "; __PSStencilRun_0_trial: [%05d] mtime = %f\n", mindex, mtime); */
    si::appendStatement(
        sb::buildExprStatement(
            sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
                sb::buildFunctionRefExp("fprintf"),
                sb::buildExprListExp(
                    sb::buildOpaqueVarRefExp("stderr"),
                    sb::buildStringVal("; " + run->GetName() + "_trial: [%05d] mtime = %f\\n"),
                    sb::buildVarRefExp("mindex", funcBlock),
                    sb::buildVarRefExp("mtime", funcBlock)))),
        if_true);
  }
#endif
  /* int a = mindex % N; */
  if (config_.ndynamic() > 1) {
    SgExpression *e = sb::buildVarRefExp("mindex", funcBlock);
    if (config_.npattern() > 1) {
      e = sb::buildModOp(e, sb::buildIntVal(config_.ndynamic()));
    }
    si::appendStatement(
        sb::buildVariableDeclaration(
            "a", sb::buildIntType(), sb::buildAssignInitializer(e)),
        if_true);
  }
  /* dlopen(), dlsym() */
  if (config_.npattern() > 1) {
    si::appendStatement(
        GenerateDlopenDlsym(
            run, ref, sb::buildVarRefExp("mindex", funcBlock), funcBlock),
        if_true);
  }
  /* __PSStencilRun_0(iter, ...); */
  args = sb::buildExprListExp(sb::buildVarRefExp("iter"));
  if (config_.ndynamic() > 1) {
    builder()->AddDynamicArgument(args, sb::buildVarRefExp("a", if_true));
  }
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < run->stencils().size(); ++i) {
    si::appendExpression(args, sb::buildVarRefExp("s" + toString(i)));
  }
  si::appendStatement(
      sb::buildExprStatement(sb::buildFunctionCallExp(ref, args)),
      if_true);
  /* if (iter > 0) */
  si::appendStatement(
      sb::buildIfStmt(
          sb::buildGreaterThanOp(
              sb::buildVarRefExp("iter", funcBlock), sb::buildIntVal(0)),
          if_true, NULL),
      funcBlock);

  if (config_.npattern() > 1) {
    /* if (handle) dlclose(handle); */
    si::appendStatement(
        sb::buildIfStmt(
            sb::buildVarRefExp("handle", funcBlock),
            sb::buildExprStatement(
                sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
                    sb::buildFunctionRefExp("dlclose"),
                    sb::buildExprListExp(
                        sb::buildVarRefExp("handle", funcBlock)))),
            NULL),
        funcBlock);
    builder()->AddSyncAfterDlclose(funcBlock);
  }

  si::replaceStatement(fdef->get_body(), funcBlock);
  si::attachComment(trialFunc, "Generated by " + string(__FUNCTION__));
  return trialFunc;
}

void ReferenceTranslator::TranslateRun(SgFunctionCallExp *node,
                                       Run *run) {
  // No translation necessary for Fortran binding
  if (ru::IsFortranLikeLanguage()) {
    return;
  }

  SgFunctionDeclaration *runFunc = builder()->BuildRunFunc(run);
  si::insertStatementBefore(getContainingFunction(node), runFunc);
  SgFunctionRefExp *ref = rose_util::getFunctionRefExp(runFunc);

  /* auto tuning */
  if (config_.auto_tuning()) {
    rose_util::AddASTAttribute(runFunc, new RunKernelCallerAttribute());
    SgFunctionDeclaration *trialFunc = GenerateTrial(run, ref);
    si::insertStatementBefore(getContainingFunction(node), trialFunc);
    ref = rose_util::getFunctionRefExp(trialFunc);
  }

  SgExprListExp *args = sb::buildExprListExp();
  SgExpressionPtrList &original_args =
      node->get_args()->get_expressions();
  int num_remaining_args = original_args.size();
  // if iteration count is not specified, add 1 to the arg list
  if (!run->HasCount()) {
    si::appendExpression(args, sb::buildIntVal(1));
  } else {
    si::appendExpression(args, si::copyExpression(original_args.back()));
    --num_remaining_args;
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < num_remaining_args; ++i) {
    si::appendExpression(args, si::copyExpression(original_args.at(i)));
  }
  si::replaceExpression(node, sb::buildFunctionCallExp(ref, args));
}

// ReferenceRuntimeBuilder* ReferenceTranslator::GetRuntimeBuilder() const {
//   LOG_DEBUG() << "Using reference runtime builder\n";
//   return new ReferenceRuntimeBuilder();
// }

void ReferenceTranslator::TranslateSet(SgFunctionCallExp *node,
                                       SgInitializedName *gv) {
  GridType *gt = ru::GetASTAttribute<GridType>(gv->get_type());
  int nd = gt->rank();
  SgScopeStatement *scope = getContainingScopeStatement(node);
  SgVarRefExp *g = sb::buildVarRefExp(gv->get_name(), scope);
  SgExpressionPtrList &
      args = node->get_args()->get_expressions();
  SgExpressionPtrList indices;
  FOREACH (it, args.begin(), args.begin() + nd) {
    indices.push_back(*it);
  }

  SgBasicBlock *set_exp = builder()->BuildGridSet(g, nd, indices,
                                                    args[nd]);
  SgStatement *parent_stmt = isSgStatement(node->get_parent());
  PSAssert(parent_stmt);

  si::replaceStatement(parent_stmt, set_exp);
}

void ReferenceTranslator::TranslateReduceGrid(Reduce *rd) {
  // If the element type is a primitive type, use its corresponding
  // reduce function in the reference runtime. Otherwise, create a
  // type-specific reducer function, and then call __PSReduceGrid RT
  // function with the reducer function.
  SgVarRefExp *gv = rd->GetGrid();
  PSAssert(gv);
  GridType *gt = ru::GetASTAttribute<GridType>(gv->get_type());
  SgType *elm_type = gt->point_type();

  SgFunctionSymbol *reduce_grid_func;

  if (isSgTypeFloat(elm_type)) {
    PSAssert(reduce_grid_func =
             si::lookupFunctionSymbolInParentScopes(
                 "__PSReduceGridFloat",
                 global_scope_));
  } else if (isSgTypeDouble(elm_type)) {
    PSAssert(reduce_grid_func =
             si::lookupFunctionSymbolInParentScopes(
                 "__PSReduceGridDouble",
                 global_scope_));
  } else if (isSgTypeInt(elm_type)) {
    PSAssert(reduce_grid_func =
             si::lookupFunctionSymbolInParentScopes(
                 "__PSReduceGridInt",
                 global_scope_));
  } else if (isSgTypeLong(elm_type)) {
    PSAssert(reduce_grid_func =
             si::lookupFunctionSymbolInParentScopes(
                 "__PSReduceGridLong",
                 global_scope_));
  } else {
    LOG_ERROR() << "Unsupported element type.";
    PSAbort(1);
  }

  SgFunctionCallExp *original_rdcall = rd->reduce_call();
  SgFunctionCallExp *new_call =
      sb::buildFunctionCallExp(
          sb::buildFunctionRefExp(reduce_grid_func),
          isSgExprListExp(si::copyExpression(
              original_rdcall->get_args())));
  si::replaceExpression(original_rdcall, new_call);
  return;
}

SgFunctionDeclaration *ReferenceTranslator::BuildReduceGrid(Reduce *rd) {
  return NULL;
}

void ReferenceTranslator::TranslateReduceKernel(Reduce *rd) {
  LOG_ERROR() << "Not implemented yet.";
  PSAbort(1);
}

void ReferenceTranslator::FixGridType() {
  if (ru::IsFortranLikeLanguage()) {
    return;
  }
  SgNodePtrList vdecls =
      NodeQuery::querySubTree(project_, V_SgVariableDeclaration);
  FOREACH (it, vdecls.begin(), vdecls.end()) {
    SgVariableDeclaration *vdecl = isSgVariableDeclaration(*it);
    SgInitializedNamePtrList &vars = vdecl->get_variables();
    FOREACH (vars_it, vars.begin(), vars.end()) {
      SgInitializedName *var = *vars_it;
      if (GridType::isGridType(var->get_type())) {
        var->set_type(sb::buildPointerType(grid_type_));
      }
    }
  }
  SgNodePtrList params =
      NodeQuery::querySubTree(project_, V_SgFunctionParameterList);
  FOREACH (it, params.begin(), params.end()) {
    SgFunctionParameterList *pl = isSgFunctionParameterList(*it);
    SgInitializedNamePtrList &vars = pl->get_args();
    FOREACH (vars_it, vars.begin(), vars.end()) {
      SgInitializedName *var = *vars_it;
      if (GridType::isGridType(var->get_type())) {
        var->set_type(sb::buildPointerType(grid_type_));
      }
    }
  }

}

} // namespace translator
} // namespace physis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Tania Raymonde
Birth Name: Tania Raymonde Helen Katz
Height: 5' 5¼" (1.66 m)
Born and raised in Los Angeles, Tania Raymonde began her career on Malcolm in the Middle (2000), and is known for her portrayal of Alex Rousseau in the J.J. Abrams series Lost. She played the title role of notorious murderer Jodi Arias in the Lifetime original feature Jodi Arias: Dirty Little Secret (2013), and starred alongside Billy Bob Thornton and William Hurt in David E. Kelley's legal drama Goliath for Amazon. Other TV credits include recurring roles on The Last Ship, The Big Bang Theory (2007), and Crash (2008), opposite Dennis Hopper.
Blue Like Jazz


text:
2022 Victus Vandal 2 USSSA Baseball (-8)
2022 Victus Vandal 2 USSSA Baseball (-10)
2021 Victus Vandal Baseball (-8)
2021 Victus Vandal Baseball (-10)
Customizable with Heated Bat Rolling and/or Bat Shaving. The 2022 Victus never really wanted to be like everyone else. Victus has always strived to push the limits and bring the game to the next level. Since conquering the wood market, Victus...
Customizable with Heated Bat Rolling and/or Bat Shaving. The 2022 Victus never really wanted to be like everyone else. Victus has always strived to push the limits and bring the game to the next level. Since conquering the wood market, Victus is now...
Customizable with Heated Bat Rolling and/or Bat Shaving. The 2022 Victus never really wanted to be like everyone else. Victus has always strived to push the limits and bring the game to the next level. Since conquering the wood market, Victus is...


text:
Libya, is a resurrected name. Inserted easily into modern conversation, it nonetheless is an echo of an ancient era when her ships sailed the great Sea and all of North Africa was known by the ancestor of that name, Libya.
Libya 1 dinar (2004)
Muammar Gaddafi is featured on the front of this banknote. Gadaffi was 27 years old when he led a bloodless coup d'etat, abolished the monarchy, and established the Libyan Arab Republic in 1969.
The Mawlai Mosque in Tripoli is featured on the back of this banknote.
Muammar Gaddafi was oriented nationally towards socialism and internationally towards Pan-Africanism. He had the good fortune of coming to power at the beginning of Libya's surging oil-based wealth, and the passing of the the international leader of the pan-African movement, his next-door neighbor, the King of Algeria.
The flag above represented the Kingdom of Libya from Independence in 1951 until the 19969 coup d'etat that brought Muammar al-Gaddafi to power. Upon the demise of Gaddafi in 2011, this same flag was restored to represent the Republic of Libya.
1 dinar (2013) Cheering anti-Gadaffi protesters with restored flag of Libya
Tripolitania
10 lira (1943) "Issued by the Military Authority in Tripolitania"
1 dinar (2004) Muammar Gaddafi
The images above are from banknotes of our country. Select an image for its story.
The land is old, truly old. In olden days, the world was considered as eruba, the land upon which the sun sets, Europe, asusa, the land upon which the sun rises, Asia, and, libya. Libya was the vast unknown territory south of the Great Sea, around which was civilization.1
Tripoli is the capital city and figures prominently in history.2
Roman Libya…
Islamic Libya…
Ottoman Libya…
The European colonial era…
The European colonial era for Libya extended from 1910 when Italy invaded and commenced its territorial claims, through WW2 during which Britain and France assumed administration, until 1952 when Libya became independent.
The war between Italy and the Ottoman Empire,3 from 1911 to 1912, resulted in Italy's capture of the provinces that would become known as Italian Libya.4
Libyan infrastructure advanced considerably under Italian rule, particularly in the 1930s, until it was interrupted by war.
From after the Great War to the Arab Spring …
Following the Great War of the 20th century, that which spanned from 1914 to 1945, the recently formed United Nations, the UN, the present manifestation of Woodrow Wilson's dream of a League of Nations, declared that Libya should be, and shall be, an independent state, prior to January 1, 1952. A constitution was created establishing a federal system with separate parliaments for each of three main constituting regions, British administrated Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, and, French administrated Fezzan. A King was chosen by national assembly in 1950, King Idris I. And so it was that on December 24, 1951, Libya declared its independence; and it was not significantly contested.
Oil exploration and development advanced rapidly under the King's rule; and Libya's wealth advanced commensurately.
A small group led by 27 year old Muammar Gaddafi staged a coup d'etat on September 1, 1969, abolished the monarchy and established the Libyan Arab Republic. Gaddafi was an advocate of Pan-Africanism.5 6 7 When neighboring leader, president of Algeria Kwame Nkrumah a leader in the pan-african movement, passed away in 1972, Gaddafi became the most prominent and outspoken leader of the movement, calling for a United States of Africa. In 2008, surrounded by 200 leaders in Africa, Gaddafi was proclaimed King of Kings8in 2008, and died in the uprisings associated with the Arab Spring in 2011.
Since the Arab Spring…
Libya 1 dinar – Post 2011 Civil War
Images of peace and happiness adorn the front and back of this 2013 banknote of Libya. The banknote, the 1st new issue since the Gadaffi era, was issued February 17, 2013, the 2nd anniversary of the Libyan revolution.
Libya 1 dinar 2013 back
Libya 1 dinar 2013 front
The people's jubilation is unmistakable. The flags the people are flying are the clue to the people's celebration. The tricolor red black and green bearing the white star and crescent was the original flag of Libyan independence, and once again, after 42 years, was their flag, the flag of Libya, their country.
1951 – 1969 The flag of The Kingdom of Libya from 1951 independence until the 1969 coup d'etat that brought Gadaffi to power.
1969 – 1972 The flag of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 – 1972 under Gadaffi.
1972 – 1977 The flag of the Federation of Arab Republics 1972 – 1979 under Gadaffi.
1977 – 2011 Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya under Gadaffi.
1977 – 2011 Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya under Gadaffi (the flag has a revised aspect ratio)
2011 – present Libya after the Arab Spring.
Libya Tripolitania – 10 Lire – Year 1943 – WW2
Libya Tripolitania – 10 Lire Banknote – Year 1943 – Face and Back
Tripolitanian Lira, era WW2, 20th century
"Issued by the Military Authority in Tripolitania" reads our banknote prominently across the obverse top center. The Tripolitanian Lira was issued in this region under British command, generally now known as Libya, during and immediately following World War 2. It was replaced in 1952 with the Libyan pound, Libya having become independent the preceding year, 1951. Tripoli today is the largest city in Libya., Benghazi being the second largest city.
Tripolitania, on the Mediterranean coast of northern Africa, is a region populated since time immemorial, and prominent since, at least, the Carthaginian empire, a great competitor of the early Roman empire. A city, on the site of present day Tripoli, was founded by the Phoenicians in the 7th century BC; and was subsequently overtaken by the Greeks and then the Carthaginians. With the defeat of Carthage in the Punic Wars, Tripolitania came under the governance of Rome until the Fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century. The 8th century Muslim Conquest brought Tripolitania under the influence of Islam, and the 15th century Ottoman Conquest brought it into the new empire.
A military coup d'etat brought Omar Gaddafi to power in 1969. Gaddafi ruled until he was overthrown in the 2011 civil war, a part of the Arab Spring.
Tripolitanian 10 Lira
Tripoli has an ancient heritage. Americans may recall the name in the lyric from the theme song of the Marine division of its armed forces, "..to the shores of Tripoli". A Barbary wars fought around Tripoli were perhaps the official first armed conflict of the newly birthed United States.
Oea was founded by the Phoenenicians two thousand seven hundred years ago on the southern Mediterranean coast. Ocea, together with later rising cities of Sabratha and Leptis Magna, became known a the three cities, or Tripolis, by the Greeks and then the Romans.


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Character Not Overweight, Just Big-Hitboxed
By Jamie Poirier | March 3, 2019
KINGS CANYON — Apex Legend Makoa Gibraltar addressed his oft-criticized physique, insisting he's actually "not overweight at all," but simply "big-hitboxed," following countless matches subjected to harassment from teammates about his body size.
"I can't help that enemy gunfire just happens to find its way to me, bruddahs," Gibraltar said to friends, according to those familiar with the situation. "It's not so much a physical body size thing as it is an issue with the hitbox I was programmed with at birth. It's not fair to hold that against me."
As a result of his unfortunately endowed hitbox, it seems the jovial shield-toting brute has become the runt of the meta among the Apex Legends. And while mockery of body size may seem like petty battleground jest, it may have serious implications on Gibraltar's viability to make it in the competitive eSport landscape.
A colleague and fellow Legend, who requested anonymity, dismisses Gibraltar's excuse. "He made the foolish mistake of ignoring the dependent variables of his DNA, and for that, he shall pay the ultimate price: his life," said the Legend.
While Gibraltar's vulnerability to incoming fire may result in a bench-warming position in team picks on the battlefield, he can hopefully take solace knowing his unique body structure and loveable demeanor will certainly retain his adoration on DeviantArt for years to come.