Chain reactions were developed independently in 1930-s by two scientists Sir Hinshelwood from Oxford, UK, and Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov from the Institute for Chemical Physics in Moscow. They worked independently on this topic, but came to the same conclusions, and were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1956.
Chemical kinetics is a branch of physical chemistry, which is involved with the study of rates and speed of chemical reactions and their mechanism. The first understanding of chemical reactions appeared in the 1880-s when Van Hoff and Arrhenius produced an empirical equation, which showed that the rate of any chemical reaction depended upon the collision rate between molecules (in case of a bimolecular reaction), and on energy, which turned the activation energy. This was a negative exponential dependence on temperature, which means that, if you heat the mixture up, the reaction goes faster. Heat flows in chemical reactions mean that you can either have an endothermic reaction, which means that you continuously have to supply energy for the reaction to take place because the energy of the products is higher than the energy of the reactants. Or there is an exothermic reaction, which means that heat is released in the chemical reaction.
Most people up until the late 1920-s believed that most chemical reactions were molecular. For example, if you have a molecule of hydrogen (two atoms of hydrogen joined together) and a molecule of chlorine (two chlorine atoms joined together), they react and produce hydrogen chloride (HCl). The former understanding was that you have some kind of molecular exchange during the collision. However, it became obvious that this mechanism was incorrect – there was a different way of how molecules reacted.
What actually happens is that you split the chlorine into two chlorine atoms. A chlorine atom then reacts with a molecule of hydrogen. It takes hydrogen from the molecule of hydrogen, leaving you with one molecule of hydrogen chlorine and a chlorine atom. The chlorine atom then reacts with a hydrogen molecule, pulls a hydrogen from it, and, therefore, you have another molecule of hydrogen chloride being formed, but you regenerate the chlorine atom, which started the whole process on. So, it just keeps on going till you run out of fuel, until you run out of reactive molecules. That is how a simple chain reaction looks like.
If the reaction is exothermic (produces heat), then it speeds up, as you produce more and more product molecules (intermediate reactants). It can come to an explosion quite easily. It is important to understand that any exothermic reaction can be explosive. If you initiate the reaction and you don't take away the heat by cooling the surface of the vessel, on which you are doing the reaction, it will run away with itself and explode.
In that simple linear case, you start out with one reactive intermediate – an atom. What Hinshelwood and Semyonov realized was that there were many reactions, where the reaction itself produces more radicals. It was called a branching chain reaction. You can start out with one initiating species. As the reaction progresses, it produces more and more reactive species. Then the reaction rate can run away with itself and produce an explosion. However, it is not a thermal explosion. It is caused by producing more and more reactive species in this branching chain.
The best example of such reaction is the reaction of hydrogen molecules and oxygen molecules in process of water production. Two molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen produce two molecules of water as the product. It is an extremely exothermic reaction, it produces a huge amount of heat, so, it is usually explosive.
Two protagonists of the proposing of this branching chain were able to show how complex the mechanism is. It might seem that two molecules colliding with one molecule to produce two molecules of water would be a simple reaction. However, it is anything but. It involves 8 different propagating species, as many as 40 different reactions in this explosion and is probably the prime example of branching chain reaction.
The chain reaction, which most people would have heard of, is a nuclear chain reaction, where neutrons are produced in the fission of uranium-235. That initiates further fission of the uranium-235, and in an uncontrolled manner that would lead to an atomic explosion, like in the first atomic bomb. In a controlled manner, one can moderate how many neutrons are being produced by putting in control rods. This process is the basis of the nuclear power generation.
Two scientists communicated with each other, they knew what each other were doing, but they never really collaborated in terms of joining the experiences. Semyonov was more on the theoretical side, Hinshelwood – on the practical side, but they shared the Nobel Prize 50/50 because both contributed enormously to this project.
Semyonov had the wisdom and foresight to see that, when nuclear reaction was first being discussed in the early 30-s, that the same kind of chain can be produced in the physics world, in the fission, and the same principles, as the ones that were applied in chemical world, were applied in these branching chain reactions. Therefore, he foresaw the use of the nuclear fission both with peaceful purposes and for weaponry.
Semyonov and Hinshelwood went on to do many other things. Semyonov by the 30-s had been made a director of the Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. In 1966 I was fortunate enough to spend a year in Semyonov's Institute. I was invited by his deputy Victor Nikolayevich Kondratiev to spend a year with them. During that period I met Semyonov on a couple of occasions. One of them is memorable – it was a New Year's Eve party, where I drank vodka with him. And I was very proud so to do. I was a very young junior scientist with one of the giants of chemical kinetics. We used his textbook when I was an undergraduate, and we used Hinshelwood's textbook also. So, they were quite inseparable in terms of their contribution to science.
The understanding of the branching chain reaction, which both of them contributed to led to a much better understanding of the explosive nature of some of the chemical reactions, which occurred in the gas phase. It is an extremely important historical contribution to the understanding of science. It led to a fascination with chemical mechanisms, and it is true to say nowadays that very few chemical reactions, which take place, are actually molecular, which was thought to be the case almost universally in the 1920-s. Almost all chemical reactions occurred through reactive intermediates, rather than being a direct molecular combination. Therefore, they played a huge role in the development of their science.


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Uncertainty est un film américain sorti en 2009 de style drame/thriller, écrit, produit et réalisé par Scott McGehee et David Siegel, deux réalisateurs indépendants. Les personnages principaux sont interprétés par Lynn Collins et Joseph Gordon-Levitt. Il a été projeté pour la première fois au Festival international du film de Toronto.

Synopsis
Bobby et Kate sont ensemble depuis 10 mois et Kate vient de tomber enceinte. Le film retrace une période d'incertitude : ils se demandent s'ils doivent garder le bébé. Ils se retrouvent au milieu d'un pont et décident alors de jouer à pile ou face. Dès que la pièce touche le sol, pendant cet instant, hors du temps, d'incertitude, chacun court dans une direction différente. Dès lors, l'on suit deux histoires indépendantes relatant chacune une des deux options possibles.

L'une se passe à Brooklyn lorsque le couple décide de rendre visite à la famille de Kate.
La seconde est à Chinatown où le couple trouve un téléphone portable qui vaut 500 000 dollars et se retrouve impliqué dans une affaire de rançon doublée d'une course-poursuite qui met leurs vies en danger.

Il est très facile de discerner les deux scénarios par le choix des couleurs vertes et jaunes caractéristiques de chaque option.

Fiche technique

 Réalisation et scénario : Scott McGehee et David Siegel
 Production : Becky Glupczynski, Scott McGehee et David Siegel
 Pays d'origine :
 Langue originale : anglais
 Durée : 105 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
  (Festival international du film de Toronto)

   directement en DVD sous le titre The Way(s)

Distribution
 Lynn Collins (V. F. : Sybille Tureau) : Kate
 Joseph Gordon-Levitt (V. F. : Alexis Victor) : Bobby
 Assumpta Serna : Sylvia

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 2008
Film dramatique américain
Film indépendant américain
Film tourné à Manhattan
Film tourné à Brooklyn
Film tourné à New York
Film se déroulant à New York

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Small talk isn't just something you do with your in-laws and your hair dresser. It's one of the most powerful tools at your disposal when it comes to finding a job. Having the right skills is only half the equation. Next, you need to make connections with the people who are looking for those skills. That means networking, and—you guessed it—making small talk.
When you're networking, you need an easy way to start conversations. It doesn't matter if you're talking with the CEO of a major manufacturing plant or the administrative assistant to a local contractor, you never want to jump right into business. It's off-putting, and unenjoyable for everyone involved. It also doesn't allow time for making a personal connection.
Instead, start with something you can both talk about. Current events work well, but only if you avoid politics. Try talking about new businesses coming into town, upcoming events, or even sports (just be willing to back off this one if the person you're talking to has never heard of the Final Four).
Favorite local restaurants is another good opener. People are always looking for new recommendations, and if you recommend their next favorite spot, they won't forget it. Make sure to brush up on your local restaurants. Promoting a local business shows you're connected to the community.
Once the conversation has started, you need to find a way to keep it going. Current events and local eateries will only carry a conversation so far. Next, look for ways to engage their interest by talking about them. Again, you don't want to jump straight into business talk. Instead, look for opportunities to ask about their interests outside of work. What hobbies do they have? What type of books do they read? Do they have a family? If so, run with this. Parents love to talk about their kids—and if you let them, they'll love talking to you. If there are no kids in the picture, pets can work just as well.
Just remember, you're talking about them now. It's okay to share your own stories, but make sure the conversation stays focused on them. That will keep them engaged.
Once you have successfully built a rapport, it's time to talk business. Don't rush in by saying you're looking for a job. Instead, ask what they do. Then ask for more details. How did they get into that field? What's the best part of their job? Do they get to work with any interesting people? Let them guide the conversation as much as possible. At some point, they'll ask about you too. And if they're interested in your skills, they'll let you know. Or, at the very least, they'll ask for your business card.
The most important thing you can do when it comes to improving your small talk is to practice. Practice with anyone you can. Attend local networking events. Join a networking club. Make more frequent appointments with your hair dresser. The more comfortable you become at starting and maintaining conversations, the more successful you'll be the next time you find yourself standing across from someone who might have a job for you.
For more networking advice, or to start looking for your next job, contact Madden Industrial Craftsmen today. We strive to be the leader in Pacific Northwest industrial staffing. Don't hesitate to reach out to our great team!
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Man calls soldiers 'black, lesbian bitches' before his mum assaults them
Josh Jackman April 17, 2018
(YouTube/LaKeycia Ward)
Two female soldiers were subjected to homophobic abused and physically attacked by a mother and her son, according to a police report.
Judy Tucker, 71, was arrested on small battery charges against one of the soldiers, 27-year-old Treasure Sharpe – who is pregnant.
This was after her adult son had called the two US Army Reserve captains "black, lesbian bitches" over a parking disagreement, according to one of the alleged victims, Stephanie Mitchell, 34.
The incident in Bibb County, Georgia, has gone viral, with video posted by witness LaKeycia Ward attracting 2.7 million views on Facebook.
According to Ward, the confrontation began in the parking lot of a Cheddar's Scratch Kitchen restaurant, after the soldiers drove around Tucker's car as the mother and son backed into a space.
The women were parking in their own space when Tucker's son came up and told them to "learn how to park" before saying they were "dumb bitches," according to the report from the arresting deputy Stephen Phipps, The Daily Dot reported.
Once they were all inside the Cheddar's, the son approached Sharpe and Mitchell and called them "black, lesbian bitches."
Mitchell attempted to calm the situation by telling him to stop swearing and calling them names, but the video and deputy's report shows that after Sharpe got her phone out, Tucker reacted angrily.
The 71-year-old woman said, "Don't you take a picture of me. You do not have the right to take a picture of me," while trying to snatch the phone.
Tucker's son got involved, grabbing Sharpe's arm and tried to take the phone as Mitchell was putting herself between Sharpe and Tucker.
Sharpe told the mother and son that she was pregnant, but this did not stop the aggression, with the son even asking, "Oh really, by her?" while pointing at Mitchell.
The deputy's report said that Tucker returned to the women with "rage and force" before "swinging at [Sharpe and] striking her in the face."
She admitted to hitting one of the women, but said that she only attacked her because "they hurt her hand," but the report stated that "it was never shown that… [Mitchell or Sharpe] did anything wrong."
Tucker was arrested and handcuffed outside the restaurant.
The United States Army Reserve Command released a statement confirming that Mitchell and Sharpe were both captains, and had served since 2001 and 2008 respectively.
Tucker being arrested (Instagram/flyheightvideos)
A Reserve spokesperson said they were aware of the incident, but would not comment on the ongoing police investigation.
Cheddar's told local NBC station 11Alive that the Tuckers were banned from its establishment.
"We were appalled by the behaviour of the individuals who confronted the two female service members," the statement said.
(Bibb Country Sheriff)
"Such behaviour flies in the face of our values and those individuals are no longer welcome in our restaurant."
Tucker has been released from Bibb County Jail on a $650 bail bond.
Watch a video of the altercation here:
More: Crime, Georgia, homophobic, lesbian, police, US, US
Long-awaited inquests into murders of four gay men by Grindr killer Stephen Port forced to postpone
Nick Duffy - January 13, 2021
Lesbian teen kicked out for supporting Black Lives Matter outs mother, aunt and uncle for rioting at Capitol
Boris Johnson urged to make sure there's never a repeat of Reading terror attack that claimed three gay men's lives
Emma Powys Maurice - January 12, 2021
Reading attack terrorist who stabbed three gay men to death jailed for whole life

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Kosubek ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Gisela Kosubek (* 1941), deutsche literarische Übersetzerin
 Hans-Joachim Kosubek (* 1951), deutscher Politiker (CDU) und Bürgermeister
 Jasmin Kosubek (* 1987), deutsche Fernsehmoderatorin
 Siegfried Kosubek (* 1943), deutscher Sozialpädagoge und Sachbuchautor


text:
ManualWaypointController::ManualWaypointController() {}

ManualWaypointController::~ManualWaypointController() {}

void ManualWaypointController::Reset() {
  waypoints.clear();
  num_waypoints = 0;
  cleared_waypoints.clear();
}

bool ManualWaypointController::HasWork() {
  return !waypoints.empty();
}

bool ManualWaypointController::ShouldInterrupt() {
  bool interrupt = false;
  // If the size of the manual waypoint list has changed, then interrupt.
  if(num_waypoints != waypoints.size() && !waypoints.empty()) {
    interrupt = true;
    num_waypoints = waypoints.size();
  }
  return interrupt;
}

Result ManualWaypointController::DoWork() {
  Result result;
  result.type = waypoint;
  result.wpts.waypoints.push_back(waypoints.begin()->second);
  result.PIDMode = FAST_PID;
  return result;
}

void ManualWaypointController::SetCurrentLocation(Point currentLocation)
{
  this->currentLocation = currentLocation;
  if(!waypoints.empty()) {
    std::map<int, Point>::iterator first = waypoints.begin();
    if(hypot(first->second.x-currentLocation.x,
             first->second.y-currentLocation.y)
       < waypoint_tolerance) {
      cleared_waypoints.push_back(first->first);
      waypoints.erase(first);
    }
  }
}

void ManualWaypointController::ProcessData()
{
}

void ManualWaypointController::AddManualWaypoint(Point wpt, int id)
{
  waypoints[id] = wpt;
}

void ManualWaypointController::RemoveManualWaypoint(int id)
{
  waypoints.erase(id);
}

std::vector<int> ManualWaypointController::ReachedWaypoints() {
  std::vector<int> cleared = cleared_waypoints;
  cleared_waypoints.clear();
  return cleared;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


single girls, walk it out!
I was a sixteen year old girl when I asked God what He wanted for my life. I was certain that He told me that He wanted me to be a wife and also a mother. I wrote poems, said prayers, collected recipes, read books, ...waiting for that man. I graduated high school with no other plans than family. I went to work at my first coffee shop and waited. And waited. And waited. I went back to college and graduated at twenty-five and waited. And waited. I moved eighteen times in twelve years thinking surely my life would begin somewhere new. I tried singles groups, internet dating, this pursuit and that.
I met Russell when I was almost thirty-three. I married at thirty-four. Finally. We had our daughter one year later. Four years later he died.
Two years later people began to ask me what I was going to do about being single again. People told me not to wait around that I was getting too old. People told me that I needed to do something. People told me that my daughter needed a father.
I chose to practice what I learned the first time in waiting. I definitely was not perfect in my waiting the first go round, so some of this was learned in trial and error. Some of the things that I knew were true, I had to just hold on to in faith because I had not seen it walked out in front of me. Sometimes when you don't know anyone living by faith or living a life of purity then it is hard to be confident in that lifestyle when you are walking it out alone. That is one of the reasons that I write this article. There are some things that you need to know are true and hold to regardless of what well-meaning people say and regardless of your circumstances so you can - walk it out!
1. God will show you your future. Just ask Him. He will speak to you and direct your paths.
2. Everyone has to wait on something. Waiting is part of life. Life is not fair. Accept it.
3. You don't need to "find" your husband. God will bring him. Many people told me that I needed to do this or that and the first time I tried it all. In the end both my husbands came to me out of absolutely no effort of my own.
4. A husband won't make you happy. Be happy now. It is a choice. Happiness is a daily choice whether you are married or not.
5. Choose wisely because marriage is hard.
6. Live well single and you will live well married.
7. Cook for your health now instead of waiting for that family life. I hear people say all the time that they can't cook for one. I did. I practiced and I shared. If you don't cook now, you will have a hard time changing your habits then.
8. Learn to die to yourself now and be filled with the Holy Spirit. He is your greatest asset in marriage.
9. Have fun now. Enjoy your life. A happy person is much more attractive anyway.
10. Learn to take care of your inner self as well as outer self because being healthy is alot more fun.
11. Learn to pray well.
12. Be thankful. If you desire being married, thank God for the specific things that you desire in a husband before they come to be. Thank Him in advance.
13. Stay pure in every way including your thought life. Guard your thinking!
14. If you date at all, be careful with dating. Yes, I said if you date at all. Dating can increase your taste for change and dissatisfaction. Experiencing relationships with different men can cause you to unconsciously compare and give you a taste for things that aren't in your husbands personality. As with me, it can get you used to moving on instead of investing. Plus you need to ask yourself, if you truly believe God will bring your husband into your life. I chose not to date the second time around and He guided me the whole way.
15. Give. Invest in others. It is hard not to become self-focused unintentionally when you live alone.
16. Keep a watch on your relationship with God. Disappointment can sneak in like a worm and eat away before you know it.
18. Walk it out. Sometimes we have to practice our trust in God before it is deepened to our reality. Walk out your trust and watch Him follow through.


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Jennersville Hospital to reopen
By Julia Harris, Staff Reporter In December 2021, more than 7,200 people signed a petition to keep Jennersville and Brandywine Hospitals open. Their efforts failed. Now, months later, there is hope for Jennersville's reopening. Tower Health, a regional healthcare provider, closed both hospitals for financial reasons last December. ChristianaCare, a Delaware-based health system, purchased Jennersville...
By Julia Harris, Staff Reporter
In December 2021, more than 7,200 people signed a petition to keep Jennersville and Brandywine Hospitals open. Their efforts failed. Now, months later, there is hope for Jennersville's reopening.
Tower Health, a regional healthcare provider, closed both hospitals for financial reasons last December. ChristianaCare, a Delaware-based health system, purchased Jennersville Hospital from Tower Health for $8 million in July. However, it had no means to actually reopen the hospital before now. In September, the American Rescue Fund Plan Act provided ChristianaCare with a $2.5 million grant to jump-start its efforts.
"The closing of hospitals across the region has made it harder for people to access the care that they need," said Michael Whalen, emergency medicine physician and Main Line Health EMS director. "This is more than just inconvenient. It is a big problem as ambulance travel times for emergency services are going up. Even when you get to the ER, the waiting times are up to six hours. The remaining hospitals have to take on more patients than ever."
In 2021, around 35,000 patients visited Jennersville and Brandywine Hospitals' emergency rooms, according to the Pennsylvania Department of Health. This year, these community members had to find somewhere else to go. The closest options include Paoli, Chester County and Phoenixville Hospitals.
For some, the nearest emergency room is now 45 minutes away. This places the burden on paramedics to care for patients suffering from life-threatening conditions like heart attacks and strokes.
"Unfortunately the hospitals that close are usually the ones serving in areas that need the most help in the first place. Jennersville Hospital had a prominent role in serving the local Hispanic community, and now that community has to look elsewhere to get the medical care that they need," Whalen said.
Douglas Azar, ChristianaCare Senior Vice President of Strategic Clinical Integration, said that the abandoned building currently has neither information technology infrastructure nor laboratory equipment, which is why the government funding was necessary.
He noted that even though ChristianaCare will most likely not be in a position to reopen the hospital within the next 12 months, community members and medical staff at Chester County Hospitals are looking forward to the reopening. It is expected to bring great relief to the other hospitals and peace of mind to people in the Jennersville area.
Julia Harris can be reached at [email protected]
© 2022 Spoke.News. All rights reserved.


The Lotus Energy LightWork Reiki attunement aims to connect you to the sacred lotus flower and is brought forth by Kuan Yin and Master Buddha.
The energy of this system aims to bring wisdom, harmony, compassion, purity, renewal, and good fortune on your path to ascension. This is a loving energy of healing and enlightenment that may bring peace, calm anxieties, and enhance harmony.
What may I gain from taking the Lotus Energy LightWork Reiki attunement?
Energetic connections with Kuan Yin and Master Buddha.
Wisdom, harmony, compassion, purity, renewal, and good fortune.


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Autos Reviews
New Lexus ES 350 Price Quote
More Car Reviews
2015 Lexus ES 350 Review
A very spry couch.
By: Andrew Krok
Web2Carz Contributing Writer
This is the Lexus ES. It's a platform relative of the Toyota Camry. As such, it carries just about the same level of excitement that a standard Camry does - that is to say, not much. In fact, that's what we'd say if somebody asked us what the changes for the Lexus ES were in the 2015 model year; the only changes come by way of the navigation system, which now includes a customizable home screen, 3D maps, and other small additions. Otherwise, the ES trudges into 2015 nearly unchanged.
That's a good thing, though, in a way; Lexus ES buyers are accustomed to a certain level of plush luxury, devoid of any mention of g-forces or spirited driving. Lexus really knows its market with the ES, which is why next year's facelift will be very minor at best. If you want a sportier experience, the IS is more for you. This car is for those who prefer to drive from Point A to Point B in what amounts to a couch on wheels.
This is a great place to sit, no bones about it. The ES 350 is an exercise in interior comfort, even without any option boxes ticked. Ours, though, came with the Luxury Package, which includes such interior appointments as a leather-trimmed interior, maple wood trim, and a power-tilt-and-telescoping steering column. That package, in conjunction with the optional wood-trimmed steering wheel and power rear sunshade, has the interior looking as luxurious as it feels. Every panel within eyeshot looks premium, and soft-touch material abounds. You, your children, your grandparents - no matter who buys it, they'll definitely remark on how comfortable it is.
Take five seconds to watch the closest major road. You'll probably see three different generations of Lexus ES drive by. It's a popular car with folks that prefer to fly under the radar, and its low-key exterior reinforces that notion. Anonymous styling isn't necessarily a detriment, so long as it can carry some degree of timelessness with it, but the ES 350's front fascia is far from evergreen; in 2015, the styling is growing tired and could definitely use a refresh. Expect that to arrive next year. It looks like a car that's driven because you need to drive, not because you want to.
If there was any way to turn an expensive couch into an actual car, its driving dynamics would no doubt resemble the Lexus ES 350. Lacking any sort of adaptive dampers or magnetorheological whatever-the-hell, the ES 350 is a straightforward and comfortable experience; you get in, slap the shifter into D, and relax. The damping is profoundly soft, soaking up bumps and pavement undulations with nary a jitter making its way through the chassis, up the seat, and into the relaxed collection of flesh and bone you call yourself. The steering is as light as the damping is soft, again nearly entirely devoid of feeling. It's like watching somebody else drive a car with a camera on their head; you're very nearly disconnected from the whole thing.
However, if you need to push the gas pedal into the firewall, the ES 350 will show a surprising amount of hustle. With 268 horsepower and 258 lb-ft of torque coursing through the driveline to the front wheels, it's staggeringly easy to break the comfort-centric tires loose at lower speeds. If you prefer to rack up MPGs rather than speeding tickets, though, the ES 350 will still help you out. In our driving, we found it easy to achieve the car's EPA-estimated 21-mpg city rating, and we found it even easier to surpass its 31-mpg highway rating.
Aside from its aging countenance, the ES 350 is a near-perfect car for its target audience. This isn't a car being shopped by thrill-seekers; that's the IS, or perhaps even the RC. This is a car that appeals to the driving-as-an-annoyance crowd, the ones who want to go from Point A to Point B with exactly zero drama in a reliable machine. There's no pretension of anything remotely fun in this car, except for the Sport mode that Lexus could have removed without anybody noticing.
This might not be the car for you. But that's fine, because for somebody else, somebody with a different set of values, this car is like listening to Abbey Road for the first time. It'll hook you for life.
Specs & Price
Engine: 3.5-liter naturally-aspirated V-6
Transmission: Six-speed automatic
Drivetrain Layout: Front-engine, front-wheel drive
Power Output: 268 horsepower / 248 lb-ft
Fuel Economy (mpg): 21 city / 31 highway
Base Price: $37,550
As Tested: $44,145 (incl. $925 destination)
Available Features:
Premium Package: Power tilt-and-telescope steering wheel, seat-and-mirror-position memory linked to each key, bird's-eye maple wood trim
Luxury Package: Premium Package, plus perforated leather-trimmed interior, heated and ventilated front seats
Ultra Luxury Package: Luxury Package, plus semi-aniline leather-trimmed interior, driver's seat power cushion extender, panoramic glass roof, power rear sunshade, ambient interior lighting
Navigation and Mark Levinson Package: Voice-activated navigation, eight-inch LCD display, Mark Levinson premium audio system, Remote Touch infotainment controller, Lexus Enform app suite
Individual Options: HID headlamps, forward collision warning with adaptive cruise control, lane-departure alert with automatic high beams, heated front seats, parking sensors, blind-spot monitor with rear cross-traffic alert, power trunk open/close, wood-and-leather-trimmed shift knob and steering wheel, power rear sunshade, rain-sensing wipers
Shopping for a used
Lexus ES 350?
Get Used Car Deals
• For more information such as specs, prices, and photos of the 2015 Lexus ES 350, click here: 2015 Lexus ES 350.
Car Summary
Positives: Endlessly comfortable, surprisingly quick, easy to hypermile.
Negatives: Almost entirely devoid of excitement. It's also looking pretty old.
Who Should Buy It: Folks who put driving under their list of daily burdens, not their daily sources of enjoyment.
Final Judgment: If this is what you're looking for, it's hard to find something better.
This car is for those who prefer to drive from Point A to Point B in what amounts to a couch on wheels.


Jewish Office Space | Hipsters and Hassids: The painting series. The phenomenon.
← Hipsters and Hassids Gallery Show. Literally.
Also, with all the building going on the last 5 or so years, I've been very much overwhelmed at the changing cityscape, but has the bulk of the new building been residential?


text:
← St. Augustine, FL: public meeting on older Mass with diocesan official
The Tablet on the Archpb. of Glasgow's harsh provisions for the older Mass →
Archbp. of Denver says no to SSPXers: what comes from scratching eyeballs
Posted on 24 August 2007 by Fr. John Zuhlsdorf
An interesting story is developing in Denver. This just in via The Rocky Mountain News.
My emphases.
By Jean Torkelson, Rocky Mountain News
A group of breakaway Catholic traditionalists who will embark on an annual pilgrimage through Denver today has been banned by the archdiocese from going inside two downtown Catholic churches.
"This is just stunning," said Grider Lee, spokesman for St. Isidore the Farmer parish in Watkins.
Since 1999, the hardier members of the parish have made a 50-mile pilgrimage to the Mother Cabrini Shrine in Golden to thank God for the completion of their church.
This is not the first time the pilgrims have clashed with Archbishop Charles Chaput and his representatives over their use of Catholic sites during the pilgrimage.
The congregation of 250 families belongs to the Society of St. Pius X, an international sect, which relies upon a 16th century version of the Latin Mass and opposes the Second Vatican Council and its modernizing influences on the church.
Pius X members insist they are faithful Catholics, but the Catholic Church disagrees.
In 2002, Chaput stopped the group's plan to celebrate a Latin Mass at Cabrini because of its schismatic standing. Since then, the pilgrims have celebrated their Mass at the highway turnout below the shrine.
Until now, however, the group was never stopped from praying in the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception or Holy Ghost Church, two flagship parishes that are along the route to Golden.
"By then (the pilgrims) are 25 miles into it and they're pretty tired," Lee said. "It's nice to get into air conditioning, frankly, and spend time with our Lord, praying."
The ban was imposed because the archdiocese was receiving complaints from worshippers in past years that the St. Isidore crowd was leaving Pius X literature in the churches and trying to make converts, Communications Director Jeanette DeMelo said.
St. Isidore's pastor, the Rev. Joseph Lester, said the group will abide by the archdiocese's decision.
I have two point and a piece of advice.
First, because I know that His Excellency Archbishop Chaput has for many years been very friendly to groups wanting the older Mass, I am confident this decision does NOT stem from any dislike for the older form. Archbp. Chaput was one of the very first bishops in the USA to welcome the FSSP, when he was in Rapidopolis, South Dakota.
Second, when guests start scratching eyeballs, even the well-disposed shut down the welcome. The SSPXers, it seems, wore out their welcome by – can you believe it – leaving their literature in the churches they visited. Brilliant move, that.
Folks, I am sorry to hear this news from Denver, especially when some positive expectations have been raised by the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum. Nevertheless, we can take this as an object lesson. It would be great if something could be worked out.
Remember that when you are very zealous for the traditional liturgy, and you are faced with convincing priests and bishops to be open, don't do stupid things. Don't get in their faces. Don't be rude. Don't insist on your superior position. Persuade, don't bludgeon.
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13 Responses to Archbp. of Denver says no to SSPXers: what comes from scratching eyeballs
Ryan Jackson says:
I know there are many (not least of which our worthy blog host?) who would disagree with me, but I believe the only way for SSPX to return is on its knees in contrition. As much as one can argue all day and night about whether or not they are formally in schism (I believe they are, once again, I'm sure many disagree with me), there is a lack of humility and charity that make me understand and agree with His Excellency's decision. Obedience of will and of deed is the beginning of discipleship and despite their claims, I think obedience (and probably charity) is grossly lacking in the case of SSPX.
Augustine says:
Good for Archbishop Chaput. I'm a parishoner at the Cathedral, I love the 1962 mass, and I'm glad the SSPXers were turned away. They do nothing but sow dischord around here.
The SSPXers also send "missionaries" to the local FSSP parish to pull people away from the Church. The FSSP are sell-outs according to the local SSPX.
After Summorum Pontificum was issued they declared to the local media "I told you so" and basically vowed never to return to the Church. The "I told you so" article is preserved on my blog – http://denvercatholic.blogspot.com/2007/07/sspx-priest-says-i-told-you-so.html
Tedster says:
Thanks….. once again to Father Z! As a catholic in the Archdiocese of Denver and a lover of the traditional liturgy, I completely understand Archbishop Chaput's stance. This group has repeatedly created conflict for our Archbishop and he still has not abandoned the TLM.
In fact, as Father Z has stated, he even allowed the FSSP to maintain a parish (Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Littleton) within the Archdiocese of Denver. I also hear that he may allow more FSSP parishes, beginning in the Northern Colorado area, soon.
So this conflict is not about the TLM in general, but about a radical group that betrays the Bishop where they reside. Very unfortunate.
Thanks for all you do Father! Keep up the good fight!
Legisperitus says:
Leaving unapproved literature in churches you visit is very bad form for a guest, no matter who you are. Although I don't consider the SSPX schismatic, I respect this decision by Abp. Chaput.
Thank you, Father Zuhlsdorf, for your read on the story!
Gregg the obscure says:
I've seen some of the SSPX recruitment literature left on car windshields at a Latin NO Mass. I congratulate his excellency Abp. Chaput for standing up for the faithful who might be subject to confusion or even doubt on finding such items left in their churches.
ACS says:
SSPX people really put literature on windshields? Oh my goodness!
Bernard of Arezzo says:
Actions like this make one wonder: Lets grant that SSPX is not formally in schism, could it not be the case that they are materially in schism?
Peter McMahon says:
More information/commentary HERE.
So a Catholic Cathedral can be used by non-Catholics celebrating non-Catholic rites but SSPX pilgrims can't say a Hail Mary in a Denver church? Would they be welcomed if they were Buddhists?
Catholic cathedral site for Rehnquist funeral
Washington, Sep. 6, 2005 (CWNews.com) – Funeral services for Chief Justice William Rehnquist of the US Supreme Court will be held on September 7 in St. Matthew's cathedral in Washington, DC.
Although the late Chief Justice was a Lutheran, the funeral has been scheduled at the city's Catholic cathedral at his family's request. The family chose the cathedral because of its location in the heart of the capital city and its capacity for 2,000 people. The Wednesday-afternoon service will be Lutheran.
It is not true that the Archbishop assigned Fr. Whipkey to a parish with a High School or any school for that matter.
You also are mistaken. Anyone, including the individual members of the SSPX pilgrimage group, is welcome to come into the Cathedral to pray. The letter banned them from entering as a group and asked them not to leave their literature.
Peter McMahon,
I don't even know where to begin, so I won't. Suffice it to say that there is no freedom to lie by exageration or omission just because it is on the internet. Hypothetically, if you and those who think as you do were right about everything you disagree with the Church on, your exagerations and lies to promote those positions would still be worthy of condemnation. God will judge you.
So Lutherans can "enter as a group" and even conduct their own rites (which, one would assume, would be far more damaging than an SSPX Latin Mass tract). On the other hand, SSPXers may not enter as a group but they may enter in pairs to say an Ave or two. Very accommodating.
Leaving literature behind is tasteless and childish and I certainly condemn it but that can be handled by a phone call to the SSPX priest. "You're welcome to pray before the Blessed Sacrament, God bless you on your pilgrimage but please respect us enough not to leave your brochures behind"
Archbishop Chaput himself spent Holy Saturday at an Orthodox Divine Liturgy (in the sanctuary); the last time I checked, the Orthodox were not in communion with Rome (full or partial). Pope John Paul prayed in mosques and synagogues and allowed Buddhists to use the Sanctuary of St Francis Basilica in Assisi for their rites…
I would suggest that some form of Fr Z's five rules be followed by the Denver chancery. Here we have the SSPX — in a climate of reconciliation following the MP — asking to pray before the Sacrament confected at a Novus Ordo Mass and they're turned away…
If the Holy Father is encouraging "a reconciliation in the heart of the Church", the Archdiocese of Denver is not listening.


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Vanillaware
vanillaware.co.jp/index.htm
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Vanillaware is a Japanese video game company development studio. Previously, they were known as Puraguru from 2002 until 2004, when they renamed as Vanillaware. The studio's past projects have specialized in 2D, or sprite-based, game design. They have garnered positive attention from fans and game media alike for embracing 2D game design in a market dominated by 3D games. Vanillaware has developed 2 games for the PlayStation 2. The company was formed from the Atlus project team which had developed Princess Crown for the Sega Saturn in 1997. (From Wikipedia)


4-20ma Calculation with 249ohms Res ? previous next ?
I use a 249 ohms res to convert 4 to 20ma to 998 to 4.98 well the reason is i don't have the 250 ohms but that's not the problem i can buy it. but being that the voltage goes up 4.98@20ma ensted of 5V and 0.996@4 ma .i'm trying to calculate the Values by Converting them to ma but the PLC don't understand or see Floating point correct. well i use the traditional Formula the other formula i use within the vb6 program.
with the same AD Value why do i get a different Temp reading..
I use the 2nd Formula on the PC but the 1st in the PLC and i can't get it to read the right value.
To reduce trancation error, you can multiply the expression by a factor of 10 or 100 before any division. That way the resulting answer can represent more accurate resolution. E.g. the number 1234 can mean quantity of 123.4, or 12.34 or 1.234, it is up to your program to keep track of its exact meaning.
This formula is by 100 but been the in real number 20ma is .020 correct and 4ma is .0040 correct there for the only number that i can actually multiply by 100 is the 20ma to 2000 and 16 ma to 1600 the 4ma has to stay by 10 = 400 correct i use the battom formula i multiply by 10 and add 300 wich is the 30 and i can deisplay the decimal place.
You can calibrate the PLC's analog reference by turning the potentiometer on board the PLC until you get the readings you want.
This thread show you how to convert the readings from the 0 to 4096 to the actual measurement unit. In your case the reading will be from 816 to 4080 and you can map it to the range of temperature represented by 4 to 20mA.
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1 more question what is the minimum clock speed that wont hert the cpu for the pidcompute function for the A.O.
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You probably should use the 0.1s, 0.2, 0.5s or 1.0s clock. There is no point executing the PID function more often than necessary. It depend on the dynamic response of process variable (i.e. how fast the process respond to a change of input) . The integrator accumulates the error every time the PIDcompute is called, so if you execute the PIDcompute using the shortest clock pulse period then you will have to be careful with the value of I term to prevent the integrator from saturation.


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'Far Worse Than Nixon'
Even seasoned historians and political scientists struggled to digest Wednesday's siege on the Capitol -- then offered scathing critiques of Trump and his extremist supporters and "enablers."
Colleen Flaherty
Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images
Pro-Trump extremists storm the Capitol building in Washington Wednesday.
"It's watching one of those terrible historical moments in real time."
That's how political historian Julian E. Zelizer, Malcolm Stevenson Forbes, Class of 1941 Professor of History and Public Affairs at Princeton University, described his reaction to Wednesday's insurrection at the U.S. Capitol.
But was Zelizer surprised?
"At one level, it's just horrible to watch our democracy be in this place," he said as the 6 p.m. curfew approached and pro-Trump extremists began to disperse amid a growing police presence. "At another level, it's hard not to see how this is the culmination of what has been happening in the last four years -- in fact in the last four decades," since the rise of what Zelizer has called the new Republican Party.
Other scholars of U.S. history and politics had similar reactions to Wednesday's events when asked to help put them in perspective. The country they study seemed at once foreign and familiar. They shared feelings of disbelief -- and of having their expectations of President Trump's final days in office fulfilled. And they warned against seeing the siege as an isolated event but also described it as unique and grave in its implications.
Scholar of democracy Jeremi Suri, Mack Brown Distinguished Chair for Leadership in Global Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin, said the U.S. "has always been a very violent society. And our democracy has always been precarious. But four years of attacks on our institutions, by the president, is taking a particularly heavy toll."
Suri called the storming of the Capitol, which interrupted Congress's Electoral College vote certification, "another 9/11 attack on the U.S. government by terrorists."
A group of "ringleaders," including the president, "organized and encouraged a small group of people to attack the core institutions and practices of democracy," he said, expounding on his comparison. "The attackers are motivated by xenophobia, racism and hate" and their "violence is a narcissistic lashing out against institutions and people whose power they resent but cannot challenge legitimately."
The major difference between Wednesday and the Sept. 11 terror attacks is that this one "came from within, motivated by the leader of the country and elected enablers" in the U.S. Senate and elsewhere, Suri said. "Today's terrorism is at the heart of the Republican Party, which now, in much of its leadership, has become a white supremacist Al Qaeda."
Another difference? Wednesday's rioters were overwhelmingly white -- and generally treated with restraint by police. Suri, among other scholars, noted how differently the Capitol stormers were treated from many Black Lives Matter protesters over the summer.
Political scientist Paula D. McClain, dean of the Graduate School at Duke University and immediate past president of the American Political Science Association, said, "If this had been a BLM protest, the police in full military gear would have been present and they would have moved to quickly arrest protesters or use chemicals to disperse them." It highlights the "disparities in how U.S. citizens are handled when they protest."
James Grossman, executive director of the American Historical Association, said that bearers of Confederate flags -- seen in photos of the action -- had "finally breached the U.S. Capitol 160 years after the secession of states in defense of the supposed right of some humans to own other humans."
It took too long for what happened from 1861 to 1865 to be recognized as treason, Grossman said, and, more recently, "too long to name the acts of white nationalists as terrorism pure and simple."
McClain said that demonstrations are "a part of our system of government," in which people "have the right to express their views to their elected officials." Yet no one "has the right to storm the seat of government, break in, basically hold elected officials hostage and try to stop a constitutionally mandated process."
Aside from a four-person Puerto Rican nationalist attack on Congress in 1954, and the events of the Civil War, McClain said Wednesday's attack is perhaps most similar to Shays' Rebellion in 1786, in Massachusetts. That armed rebellion was about a debt, property and taxation, not the results of a free and fair election.
In any case, McClain said that what happened Wednesday "smacks of countries that we criticize for operating outside of established democratic norms." And yet it's all been "building over the course of four years with a president who has authoritarian tendencies, lies without consequences and with members of his party that refuse to hold him accountable" and "enable" him.
Matthew J. Schmidt, associate professor of national security and political science at the University of New Haven, said, "In any other country what you see on your TV would be called a coup or an insurgency. You'd see chyrons saying, 'Overthrow attempt in Kyiv' and the like."
On Trump, Schmidt said in a separate public statement, "Calling out a crowd to storm the legislature and falsely claim the election you lost was fraudulent is the sine qua non of dictators across history. What else is there to say? This a gross insult to the very ideals America stands for."
While Wednesday's events are certainly significant, Grossman cautioned against framing Wednesday's siege as a historical "moment" that scholars will study going forward.
Why? "Everything has a history, and what is happening at the U.S. Capitol is part of a historical process that needs to be understood." The rioters are "people whose historical sensibilities have been nurtured by popular culture and cynical politicians willing to manipulate bigotry for self-interested purposes," he said.
Bigger picture, Grossman said the fact that 74 million Americans recently voted for Trump, who encouraged crowds earlier in the day to "never concede," is testimony to a "failure of our systems of public education."
No doubt education and literacies, including media literacy (and lack thereof), have factored into Trump's political rise. Internet conspiracy theories, for instance, continue to cast doubt on the election results.
To Suri, at least, Trump's recent public statements and actions read very clearly as criminal.
"He is far worse than Nixon," Suri said of Trump. "He has incited violence and attacks against Congress and [Vice President] Pence. He has used Twitter with intention to undermine the U.S. government and legitimate elections. He has also used his power in abusive ways to try to pressure elected officials to change vote totals. All of these are crimes, and he should be prosecuted."
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Home News MFM G O, Daniel Olukoya announces victory over Maureen Badejo in libel case
MFM G O, Daniel Olukoya announces victory over Maureen Badejo in libel case
by Church Times October 23, 2021
written by Church Times October 23, 2021
The General Overseer of the Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministry, Dr, Daniel Olukoya on Friday, October 22 took to his Facebook page to announce his victory in a libel case over a Nigerian blogger; Maureen Badejo.
Olukoya had sued Badejo for using her social media channels to blackmail him and his church.
Badejo had said on her social media handles that Olukoya and his church duped the United States Government by selling his books in the US without paying due tax. She also alleged that Elijah Toluwani Olukoya (Olukoya's son) had N6bn in Heritage Bank in Nigeria.
The blogger also alleged according to a report online " that a pastor from MFM in the UK paid £150,000 into the personal account of Olukoya and then went to Nigeria to meet the cleric so he could help him cover up his fraud."
Badejo was said to have published what the "Incorporated Trustees of MFM and Olukoya, described as 52 lies"
But in a Facebook post, Dr. Olukoya states that the High Court, Queen's Bench Division where the case was heard had delivered a considered judgment in the defamation action on October 22.
The judgment according to what Olukoya released on his wall, "finds Maureen Badejo liable for defamation" and had been ordered to:
(a) Pay six-figure damages in Pounds Sterling to both Dr. and Mrs. Olukoya, and
(b) Publish a summary of this judgment across nine of her social media channels for a period of ten consecutive days as a corrective measure and as a means of ensuring that her misguided and misinformed audience get to know about the Court's decision.
"In awarding them judgment and damages, the Court recognized the intense, malicious, and relentless campaign waged by Maureen against the Olukoyas with whom she had no previous acquaintance or even the opportunity of a chance meeting.
"The court observed that the unjustified attack was widely publicized and had harmed the character, professional integrity, and reputation of the Olukoyas yet Maureen had neither apologized nor shown any remorse for her actions."
Olukoya notes in the post that "the court had earlier granted an order of injunction restraining Badejo from broadcasting further defamatory matters against the couple and adjourned to take evidence on the questions of defamation, damages, and ancillary reliefs."
The MFM G.O then praised God for this vindication of their name and integrity. They also appreciated all those who stood by them throughout this ordeal. God bless you all
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Drug specialists from Freedom from Chemical Dependency (FCD) visited ninth grade students to talk to them about the damage caused from drug use and prevention strategies from Jan. 7 to 11. These lessons were given during students' English or Science periods. The effort is part of FCD's nationwide campaign against drug usage.
The three representatives were Deirdre Flynn, Rodney Poole and George Brown. Flynn explained the purpose of the program.
"The purpose of our intensive student education program is to help students learn to think critically about the topic, give them facts about the topic of substance use and abuse and help them work through and find healthy alternatives for themselves so they hopefully, as a group, stay healthier than they were," Flynn said.
Students generally had positive opinions on the FCD program.
"I thought that [the FCD representatives] were very knowledgeable, and that they generally helped the students understand more about drugs and make better educated choices," Aiden Schiller '22 said.
Flynn, in return, explained her thoughts on the students of Harvard-Westlake.
"We have been struck by how open the students here are. Generally, the students here seem so willing to have this conversation and to talk, and that isn't always something that happens very quickly at schools, so we feel like the students here must feel very safe and comfortable and valued at this school," Flynn said.


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Respawn's first VR game is Medal of Honor: Above and Beyond
September 25, 2019 | By Alex Wawro
More: VR, Design
Two decades after he helped launch the original Medal of Honor on PlayStation, Respawn's Peter Hirschmann is getting ready to ship the latest entry in the war-fighting franchise -- and the first in virtual reality.
"Coming back, it's great. For a lot of us it's been 15, 16 years where we 've all done other things," Hirschmann said during a recent press event attended by Gamasutra. "But there's something special about this series. It sprung from Spielberg, and a lot of us were just starting out in our career."
Hirschmann worked as a writer on the original game, and for the past two years he's been directing Medal of Honor: Above and Beyond, the game teased by Oculus in 2017 when it announced it was working with Respawn on a VR project.
Formally announced at Oculus Connect this week in advance of a planned 2020 release on the Rift, Above and Beyond is touted as a big-budget, triple-A WWII shooter with familiar trappings (including a campaign and multiplayer) built to capitalize on VR's immersive nature to sell both its setting and its design.
"The last thing we wanted to do was 'Oh you're playing Allied Assault again, but in VR.' You've got a whole different experience as a combat engineer," Hirschmann told Gamasutra during a recent group interview.
"So it's not just about trying to get to the shingle; you're having to navigate, do stuff, plant explosives, and it's been great to be able to tell the story of those engineers. So we try to not just say oh it's because it's VR, it's neat. We've tried to add a new twist...we try to bring new gameplay, new narrative to it."
In a VR game market still expanding and establishing a firm foundation, Above and Beyond is notable for its size and scope alone. While Hirschmann demurred when asked about the project's budget ("we really know how to spend Facebook's money; I don't know how else to say that"), he noted that the Above and Beyond team was 180 people strong at its largest, many of whom had never worked in VR before.
"We made sure to hire some ringers who knew what they were doing, but...yeah, the learning experience has been [significant]," Hirschmann said. "I love telling the story of how when we first got together with Oculus, I was waiting for them to hand me the binder of VR knowledge. Like, 'here are all the VR best practices'. And I remember [them] saying this right at the beginning, that in essence, nobody knows nothing. We are still figuring stuff out. And stuff that was considered best practices turns out not to be the case, things that we thought didn't work, when someone actually cracked that nut and figured out how to implement it, then it became standard."
As an example he highlighted how players move through Above and Beyond via direct analog stick control, rather than teleportation or another common VR locomotion system. This seemed like total anathema at the start of the project, but by the end it was the default option.
"When we started, the idea of stick movement was totally alien. Having to teleport from place to place was just sorta of what we had to do," Hirschmann explained. "It was the Marvel [Powers] United guys who really cracked that nut, and it was inspiring to see. I remember going 'Oh my god, this actually works,' and that opened up a world of possibilities. So to be at the front end of this platform, and to help kinda figure this stuff out and be inspired by what other people do...hopefully we're doing stuff that will inspire other developers."
This is Hirschmann's own first outing in VR, and after a career spent building big-budget games for other platforms, he's eager to celebrate how the touch-and-go nature of designing and testing VR games fosters empathy for players.
"It's so valuable to learn as you're making something, because it makes you empathize with the player way more," he said. "Because you have to figure it out for yourself, figure out how it works and what's comfortable, then you put it in the hands of a tester and player and see how they react."
In practice, moving through levels of the Above and Beyond demo available at the event felt comfortable enough, though Hirschmann acknowledges many players need time to get comfortable staying in the game for long stretches.
Reflecting back across the long stretch of time between this and his first Medal of Honor game, Hirschmann says he still sees himself as getting to work on a project which might help some players appreciate what it was like to live through a World War -- but now he sees it from the perspective of the parents.
"I look at it as a parent, vs. as a kid. The one thing that we never ever want to glorify is war. That goes back to the original game, when we were first working on it," said Hirschmann. "Being able to work on a game like this, it's special. It's different than Titanfall. It's different than shooting zombies. It's about something that really happened."
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Q: Counting previous incidents First time asker here:
I have data with dates and people that represent events. I want to find a way to count the number of times a person was previously involved. So I want data that looks like this:
df <- data.frame(date = seq(ymd('2018-01-01'),ymd('2018-01-10'), by = '1 day'),
             id = c(1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 5, 2, 2, 1, 4),
             # how many previous times has this id been seen?
             count_before = c(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 1))

df

   date          person_id count_before
 1 2018-01-01    1.           0.
 2 2018-01-02    2.           0.
 3 2018-01-03    3.           0.
 4 2018-01-04    4.           0.
 5 2018-01-05    3.           1.
 6 2018-01-06    5.           0.
 7 2018-01-07    2.           1.
 8 2018-01-08    2.           2.
 9 2018-01-09    1.           1.
10 2018-01-10    4.           1.

I don't have experience working row-wise in R (sapply is maybe the answer?) but thinking through this problem using dplyr summarize and group_by have failed so far.
Edit: fixed the inconsistency in the expected output.

A: Try this, providing what I think you intended as your expected count.
Using dplyr:
library(lubridate)
library(dplyr)
df <- data.frame(date = seq(ymd('2018-01-01'),ymd('2018-01-10'), by = '1 day'),
             id = c(1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 5, 2, 2, 1, 4))
df %>%
   arrange(date) %>%
   group_by(id) %>%
   mutate(count_before = row_number() - 1L) %>%
   ungroup()
# # A tibble: 10 × 3
#          date    id count_before
#        <date> <dbl>        <int>
# 1  2018-01-01     1            0
# 2  2018-01-02     2            0
# 3  2018-01-03     3            0
# 4  2018-01-04     4            0
# 5  2018-01-05     3            1
# 6  2018-01-06     5            0
# 7  2018-01-07     2            1
# 8  2018-01-08     2            2
# 9  2018-01-09     1            1
# 10 2018-01-10     4            1

Base R:
do.call(rbind, by(df, df$id, function(a) { a$count <- seq.int(nrow(a))-1L; a;}))
#            date id count
# 1.1  2018-01-01  1     0
# 1.9  2018-01-09  1     1
# 2.2  2018-01-02  2     0
# 2.7  2018-01-07  2     1
# 2.8  2018-01-08  2     2
# 3.3  2018-01-03  3     0
# 3.5  2018-01-05  3     1
# 4.4  2018-01-04  4     0
# 4.10 2018-01-10  4     1
# 5    2018-01-06  5     0

A: Here is another base R solution. Also think you have a typo in your expected output, as mentioned by @r2evans.
transform(df, count_new = ave(person_id, person_id, FUN = function(x) cumsum(x == x) - 1))
#         date person_id count_before count_new
#1  2018-01-01         1            0         0
#2  2018-01-02         2            0         0
#3  2018-01-03         3            0         0
#4  2018-01-04         4            0         0
#5  2018-01-05         3            1         1
#6  2018-01-06         5            0         0
#7  2018-01-07         2            2         1
#8  2018-01-08         2            1         2
#9  2018-01-09         1            1         1
#10 2018-01-10         4            1         1

A: A solution using data.table.
library(tidyverse)
library(data.table)

df <- data.frame(date = seq(ymd('2018-01-01'),ymd('2018-01-10'), by = '1 day'),
                 id = c(1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 5, 2, 2, 1, 4))

setDT(df)

df[, count_before := seq_len(.N) - 1, by = id]
df
#           date id count_before
#  1: 2018-01-01  1            0
#  2: 2018-01-02  2            0
#  3: 2018-01-03  3            0
#  4: 2018-01-04  4            0
#  5: 2018-01-05  3            1
#  6: 2018-01-06  5            0
#  7: 2018-01-07  2            1
#  8: 2018-01-08  2            2
#  9: 2018-01-09  1            1
# 10: 2018-01-10  4            1

We can also do the following.
df[, count_before := rowid(id) - 1]
df
#           date id count_before
#  1: 2018-01-01  1            0
#  2: 2018-01-02  2            0
#  3: 2018-01-03  3            0
#  4: 2018-01-04  4            0
#  5: 2018-01-05  3            1
#  6: 2018-01-06  5            0
#  7: 2018-01-07  2            1
#  8: 2018-01-08  2            2
#  9: 2018-01-09  1            1
# 10: 2018-01-10  4            1

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text:
Q: Excel interop CopyFromRecordset/ADODB (custom data/no database) in .net core We have this poor man's weekly task, which essentially loads a bunch of CSVs, massages them a bit, dumps them into preloaded Excel template and sends them as an attachment to mgmt. Then they play with it using excel filters and charts, etc (not important here).
What is important is that this used to be a .NET Framework app which we have to migrate to .net core, and the initial author did this by constructing an ADODB recordset and using CopyFromRecordset method on a Range to dump the entire table. For example, this constructs the recordset:
    internal static ADODB.Recordset ConvertToADODBRecordSet(this List<MyData> data)
    {
        var result = new ADODB.Recordset { CursorLocation = ADODB.CursorLocationEnum.adUseClient };

        var resultFields = result.Fields;
        resultFields.Append("Date", ADODB.DataTypeEnum.adDate);
        resultFields.Append("Hour", ADODB.DataTypeEnum.adInteger);
        resultFields.Append("Code", ADODB.DataTypeEnum.adVarWChar, 16);

        result.Open(CursorType: ADODB.CursorTypeEnum.adOpenStatic, LockType: ADODB.LockTypeEnum.adLockOptimistic);

        foreach (var dr in data)
        {
            result.AddNew();
            resultFields[0].Value = dr.Date;
            resultFields[1].Value = dr.Hour;
            resultFields[2].Value = dr.Code;
        }

        return result;
    }

...

var table = sheet.ListObjects["CodesTable"];
table.InsertRowRange.CopyFromRecordset(data.ConvertToADODBRecordSet());

As far as I see, there is not ADODB support in .net framework, I couldn't even try it with supported database objects because, well, there is no database here, recordset is manual and judging by other peoples' attempts it wouldn't work anyway. Entering values in cells one by one is not feasible, there are a dozen sets, each with over 100K rows, it takes forever.
So, how does one go about injecting a manual range of values in Excel using a single call C# interop on .net core?
PS: I cannot use any library which directly just modifies xlsx file. Upon injecting data, a bunch of charts and pivot tables are refreshed by Excel, so whatever alternative solution might come up, it needs to act as a full Excel and update all the sheets before saving.

A: Ok, I found a solution, in case anyone needs it. I have abandoned the data transfer route and leaned on clipboard to do the job. "Copying" tab delimited data and then pasting it in the table inject region did the trick. You will however have to convert the pure .net console project into *-windows targeted project and add OutputType of WinExe and UseWindowsForms to true (or WPF) so that Clipboard class can be available (its not in pure console project). You do not have to create any forms or Run the winForms/WPF though, just let it run as console app in Main.

    using var writer = new StringWriter();
    var cfg = new CsvConfiguration(CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-us"))
    {
        HasHeaderRecord = false,
        Delimiter = "\t"
    };
    using var csv = new CsvWriter(writer, cfg);
    csv.WriteRecords(data);

    var dataObject = new DataObject();
    dataObject.SetText(writer.ToString());
    System.Windows.Forms.Clipboard.SetDataObject(dataObject, true);

    // paste to excel
    var table = sheet.ListObjects["CodesTable"];
    table.InsertRowRange.PasteSpecial(XlPasteType.xlPasteAll, XlPasteSpecialOperation.xlPasteSpecialOperationAdd);


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text:
The fast approaching Absa Cape Epic is one of the greatest challenges in the history of the team...
The fast approaching Absa Cape Epic is one of the greatest challenges in the history of the team, sponsored by KROSS. At the race held in the Republic of South Africa, the Absa Cape Epic, will work together with Spur Steak Ranches. The team will compete under the name of Kross-Spur Racing.
The Absa Cape Epic, which begins on March 17, is considered the most difficult MTB stage race in the world. The taste of triumph in this prestigious event is well known by a new addition to the team, Ariane Lüthi. The Swiss Ariane Lüthi won a total of five times (three times in the women's classification - in 2014, 2015 and 2016, twice in the mix category - in 2012 and 2013). The 35-year-old does not deny that in 2019, she would like to once again stand on the highest step of the podium, this time with Maja Włoszczowska – who is taking part in her debut. The masculine duo Sergio Mantecon and Ondrej Cink have also set ambitious goals for the race. The partnership on the KROSS-Spur line is to help them.
This formidable team-up, between mountain bike manufacturer KROSS and Spur Steak Ranches for the Absa Cape Epic, is an exciting partnership between two giants in their respective industries. This partnership provides Spur Steak Ranches with the opportunity to truly entrench its brand even further within the sport of mountain biking, falling in-line with the continued journey of investing within the sport at the various levels. The co-naming rights sponsorship is strategic, serving to generate as much return on investment as possible within the area of mountain biking at an elite level so as to grow the profession even further
"Our mountain biking return-on-investment and footprint has been overwhelming, starting from schools level right up to the elite level, with the growth of mountain biking in South Africa over the years is a testament to that" – Khakhi Diala (Sponsorships and events manager: Spur Group). With Spur's mandate to get as many scholars on mountain bikes as possible, coupled with investment into the elite category in order to complete the continuum and further grow the sport at various levels, the future appears to be right on track.
The Kross Racing Team manager Kornel Osicki also expresses his delight with Spur. "I am very excited about having Spur as a sponsor for the Absa Cape Epic race. This proves how the international character of the team is perceived by the whole world. Invariably, however, we also want to emphasize the support of KROSS - the titular sponsor of the team and our other partners" - he said.
Spur is a restaurant network originating from South Africa, which dates back to the 1967. Spur is actively involved in supporting cycling. For more than a decade, it has been running, inter alia, the "Spur Schools MTB league" program, whose ambassador is Ariane Lüthi.
This year's edition of Absa Cape Epic will begin on March 17th and will finish on March 24th. Detailed information about the cast of the race can be found on its official website at www.cape-epic.com. The full competition schedule is available below.
Prologue (March 17): University of Cape Town - University of Cape Town (21 kilometers, elevation range - 600 meters)
Stage I (March 18): Hermanus High School - Hermanus High School (112 kilometers, 2,700 meters of elevation)
Stage II (March 19): Hermanus High School - Oak Valley Estate (86 kilometers, 2250 meters of elevation)
Stage III (March 20): Oak Valley Estate - Oak Valley Estate (103 kilometers, 2,800 meters of elevation)
Stage IV (March 21): Oak Valley Estate - Oak Valley Estate (43 kilometers, 1000 meters of elevation)
Stage V (March 22): Oak Valley Estate - University of Stellenbosch Sports Fields (100 kilometers, 2850 meters of elevation)
Stage VI (March 23): University of Stellenbosch Sports Fields - University of Stellenbosch Sports Fields (89 kilometers, 2,650 meters of elevation)
Stage VII (March 24): University of Stellenbosch Sports Fields - Val de Vie Estate (70 kilometers, 1,800 meters of elevation)
Date of handing over: 15.03.2019
Also check:
Ariane Lüthi: "I would like to, once again, win the Absa Cape Epic"
The Absa Cape Epic is approaching - one of the most important contests for the Kross Racing Team in 2019. A new addition the Polish team - Ariane Lüthi, a champion who has already tasted victory in...
.Czytaj więcej
Kross Racing Team ready to make an Absa Cape Epic Debut
For the Kross Racing Team, the 2019 season will be unique in many respects. The team, which so far has focused on two main goals - the World Cup and the World Championships, will take part in a...
This a team of young competitors from Colombia, who will compete on Kross bikes. There will be five team members: Luis Antonio Becerra (20 years), Paula Beltran (15 years), Jonathan Cantor (16 years...
The World Cup, the World Championships and an absolute novelty – the Cape Epic – these are most important targets of Kross Racing Team for 2019.
The World Cup, the World Championships and an absolute novelty – the Cape Epic – these are most important targets of Kross Racing Team for 2019. Rebuild Kornel Osicki's team once again has very...


I stayed with an Israeli American family in the North of Israel in a settlement called Esh'har near the larger city of Karmiel. The son of the family told me about a hike that would take the entire day.
So I hitched a ride and took the bus to the base of Mt. Meron. The bus took us to a stop ahead of the entrance of the trail, Nahal Ahmud, so I had to backtrack a bit on the road.
Once entering the trail head I met an Ethiopian Israeli guy named Yako going the same way so we decided to hike together. He had just finished his military service and although he swore he had received extremely high marks in school for English we had some interesting periods of silence while he searched for the words he had forgotten.
This trail was apart of that longer hike and is marked throughout the terrain for those hikers completing the full thing. The National trail takes about 3 months depending on how fast of a hiker you are. There are various pitstops along the way for hikers to rest similar to the Appalachian Trail in America.
Along the trail there are waterfalls and streams connected to each other. The valleys and mountain sides are riddled with flowers.
We stopped in a valley of yellow flowers to drink tea.
Then I got lost on my way back into town and ended up on the side of the highway trying to hitchhike my way back.
Again this is two days before I had to leave the Middle East.
Finally got a ride from a passing car back to my host. I had to hitch another ride from a guy headed to Haifa, a bigger city, that had a direct train to Tel Aviv. My plane was to leave at 6 am and I got into Tel Aviv around 12am.
Because Israel is so strict at airport security checks people recommend you get there 3 hours prior to your flight. I set my alarm to 2am. I woke up at 4am. I didn't have a sim card to call a taxi so I was running down the street trying to find someone with a cell phone to call me a taxi.
Finally I ran into a security guard outside of a pretty posh hotel. I begged him to order me a taxi and he even brought me coffee. I told the taxi driver my situation and he helped me get to the airport quickly. I finally arrived at the airport and 5am. I didn't have any cash and the taxi driver only took cash. So I had to run into the airport find an ATM, pay the taxi man and run to my first security check point.
I explained to the young Israeli soldiers that my flight was to leave at 6 am. With disapproving looks they questioned me for 10 minutes and told me I should have gotten to the airport earlier but for some reason they helped me skip to the front of the security check lines. I got to my boarding gate at exactly 5:50 am just as they were calling my zone.
Want to check out previous posts?


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Published on February 27th, 2014 | by Josiah Batten
Science in Christian Perspective Part 2: Development
In the previous post I addressed certain foundational issues in the relationship of science to religion. Namely, religion can provide a metaphysical foundation for the practice of science. This is in contrast to the popular zeitgeist that pins science against religion like the two are mortal enemies.
To demonstrate the compatibility of science and faith further, I want to examine some of the ways that religion contributed to the rise of modern science. It is an interesting fact that while technologically places like China were often more advanced than Europe, it was Christian Europe alone that gave rise to modern science. To understand why this is the case, we must look at some history. My method here will be to highlight important principles or trajectories that motivated and helped the development of science while using historical examples to demonstrate the broader principle. For those who want a more in depth analysis, I recommend James Hannam's The Genesis of Science (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2011). All quotations or parenthetical references, unless otherwise noted, come from this book. Without further ado, Science in Christian Perspective Part 2:
Principle 1: Logic Can be Used in Theology
This will take some explaining. After all, what does theology have to do with science? Well, to the Medieval mind, quite a lot. In fact, theology was regarded as the "queen of the sciences." It was the highest domain of study, to study theology one had to complete courses in all other subjects first (hence why so many Medieval scientists and mathematicians were priests). A theologian had studied science and math, but someone who had studied science and math may not have ever made it to the study of theology. This is also why theologians were regarded as the smartest people at the time, they were the most educated.
At the time of Saint Anselm not everyone agreed that logic should be used in theology. There was a fear that if logic was allowed to influence theology than faith could be ultimately discredited (38). St. Anselm, who famously formed the ontological argument, helped reverse this. There was a heretic named Roscelin who was promoting tri-theism, stating the members of the Trinity were actually three gods (41). Roscelin claimed Anselm supported him, and in the fracas Anselm wrote directly to the Pope to refute Roscelin; the Pope agreed with Anselm and in so doing endorsed the use of logic in theology (42).
Given that theology is the queen of the sciences, if logic could be used here, it is only a small step down for its use in natural philosophy (the precursor of science). Hence, people like Anselm, Lanfranc, and Peter Abelard who raised the status of reason and its use in theology had the effect of promoting the logical and rational study of the natural world as well.
Principle 2: Faith Motivates Discovery
For all the talk we hear about the Church persecuting heliocentricism (the view that the sun is the center of the solar system and is stationary while earth orbits it), we seldom hear about what motivated the great heliocentricists like Copernicus and Kepler. This is because they were motivated by their faith commitments, and that does not play very well into the "science vs. religion" myth so popular in our society.
Copernicus was motivated to find an alternative model to Ptolemy's geocentric model because Ptolemy's model seemed poorly designed, or as Hannam (277) notes "too messy to have been designed by God." Copernicus believed that God would make a universe that fit His character, and an ill-designed one did not. It still took time for these views to gain ground because, in the historical context, the evidence for the geocentric model really did seem better.
This is hard for many of us to grasp, but that's because we have the benefit of hundreds of years of scientific and technological development. Such developments were not available at the time of Copernicus. Thus, many people wondered "If the earth is moving, why do we not feel rather constant wind from the movement?" Additionally, Aristotle had raised the issue of stellar parallax, and no one had ever addressed this objection to heliocentricism. The idea, as Aristotle saw it, was that if the earth was moving, our position relative to stars would change. But, to the naked eye (which is all Aristotle had) the stars seem to be in the same positions night after night. Thus, Aristotle concluded (and Tycho Brahe agreed) the earth cannot be moving. Of course, in the 19th century we finally had sophisticated enough technology to observe stellar parallax. It turns out this phenomenon is very slight, and without rather advanced telescopes we simply could not observe it. Thus, it's hard to blame people at the time of Copernicus for using it as an objection to heliocentricism since they did not enjoy the technological advancement we now do.
Kepler, like Copernicus, found essential motivation for science in his faith. At the time of Kepler Hannam notes (295) there was "A rising tide of skepticism" which held the planets could not be mapped out and their movements could not be determined. Kepler did not give in to this skepticism because of his faith, "If the paths of the planets were ordained by God, then they must be simple and elegant" (ibid). Thus, Kepler suggested the elliptical movement of planets and articulated key astronomical laws (ibid., 296).
In short, Kepler's faith assured him of the knowability of the world, when many others were advocating giving up on trying to map out the solar system. Where would modern science be if Kepler's faith had not served him here? Perish the thought.
Principle 3: Faith Supports Science
I've already talked about how faith "supports" science in terms of giving it metaphysical grounding. But faith "supported" science in an entirely different way, especially as science was getting its early development in natural philosophy. Clerical orders like the Dominicans and Franciscans often paid for the education of its members. As noted above, this included education in natural philosophy as a prerequisite to the study of theology. In fact, some people joined a clerical order because they could not afford an education on their own. Notably in this group is Roger Bacon, who some consider the "father of modern science," though I'm hesitant to attribute that title to any one individual (136).
The main point is that even as the Church ran cathedral schools, clerical orders provided for the advanced education of their members. These members, which include a scientist of no less stature than Roger Bacon, made very important contributions to science and the development of modern science. Without this financial support of the Church and its orders, the development of modern science would have been stunted.
While the relationship of faith and science is complex, we are at the place where we can banish the simplistic notion of "faith vs. science" or "science vs. religion." Historically speaking, modern science owes a great debt (literally and figuratively) to faith. Modern science is a rational discipline, and the use of logic in theology advanced the use of logic in natural philosophy. Additionally, faith provided important and necessary motivation to men like Copernicus and Kepler who, because of their faith, would not accept an ill-designed astronomical model nor the rising agnosticism about making a valid model. The Church, through its schools and orders, sponsored the education of many men, including key players in the history of science such as Roger Bacon.
To claim science and religion have always been at odds is grossly historically inaccurate. This claim cannot rationally be maintained in light of the evidence. The person making such a claim is either stupid, ignorant, or dishonest (or a combination of them). Many, however, will still point to instances like the Galileo affair to argue the conflict of faith and science. This, we will see in my next post, is a misrepresentation of the facts.
God and Gender →
Strict Scrutiny and the Ethics of Roe V. Wade →
Fairmont City Council Member Labels Us "Idiotic" →
Fairmont City Manager Says Christianity is Hateful →