text:
\section{Introduction}
This paper is about a simple programming challenge. Simple to state, that is. Can you set up two computers which will each separately receive a stream of angles and each output a stream of completely random plus or minus one's, such that the correlation between the outputs given the inputs is minus the cosine of the difference between the input angles? The answer is "no". Many conditional correlation functions can be created, since after all the two computers can have an identical pseudorandom generator built in, with the same seed and the same parameters, and hence they can certainly create correlated pseudo-randomness. But they cannot, conditional on the pair of settings,  create the negative cosine of the difference between the angles. That statement is not obvious. It follows from Bell's theorem, and is rightly seen as a unique signature of quantum entanglement.

There are subtleties involved. What exactly is meant by ``correlation''? Many experimenters proudly exhibited a negative cosine, but the amplitude of that curve is crucial. The question is: can classical computers generate a full amplitude negative cosine, where the ``correlation'' is the average of the product of the $+/-1$ valued outcomes. No post-selection or renormalisation is allowed.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=15 cm]{Cosine.pdf}
\caption{A possible correlation function allowed by quantum mechanics (blue), and one allowed by local realism (red). The asterisks mark the predictions for the angle pairs typically chosen in a Bell-type experiment. Alice uses angles $0^\circ$, $90^\circ$; Bob uses $45^\circ$ and $135^\circ$. The four differences (Bob minus Alice) are $45 - 0 = 45$, $45 - 90 = -45$, $135 - 0 = 135$, $135 - 90 = 45$. One correlation is large and positive, three are large and negative.}
\label{figure1}
\end{figure}
We give a complete probabilistic proof of this impossibility theorem using basic results from Fourier analysis. No knowledge of quantum mechanics is a needed.

The problem does come from a fundamental question in quantum physics, going back to the debates between Einstein and Bohr, the EPR paradox, and Bell's (1964) theorem \cite{Bell}. It is also very relevant to recent experimental progress such as the ``Delft Bell experiment'' of Hensen et al.\ (2015a, b) reported in \emph{Nature}, \cite{Hensen2015a, Hensen2015b}.

Gull (2016) \cite{Gull} outlined a novel connection to Fourier analysis in overhead sheets which he used in several talks.  Much of the text in the first subsection below is also part of the paper Gill (2020d) \cite{IEEE_note}.  In that paper, Gull's theorem is of side interest, and is mentioned, but not proven. That led to the necessity to clarify the status of Gull's proof. Gull and Bell were physicists, not
in the business of writing out formal mathematical theorems. Bell himself referred to his \emph{inequality} as his ``theorem'' though from a purely mathematical point of view, it is an elementary application of Boole's fundamental but trivial inequality from the 19th century prehistory of probability theory. On the other hand, the incompatibility of quantum mechanics and local realism can be framed as a formal mathematical theorem. Then the Bell inequalities are just a useful lemma in proving an important result in the foundations of physics. Not a deep result either, but a result with many metaphysical ramifications.  See also Gill (2021) \cite{IEEE_note2}.

\subsection{Bell's theorem as a theorem of distributed computing}
We would like to paraphrase what is now called Bell's theorem as the metaphysical statement that quantum mechanics (QM) is incompatible with local realism (LR). More precisely, and following B.~Tsirelson's wonderful \texttt{Citizendium.org} article \cite{Tsirelson}, Bell's theorem states that conventional quantum mechanics is a mathematical structure incompatible with the conjunction of three mathematical properties: \emph{relativistic local causality} (commonly abbreviated to ``locality''), \emph{counterfactual definiteness} (``realism'') and \emph{no-conspiracy} (``freedom'')\footnote{Some readers have objected to various parts of this terminology. There is a continuously raging discussion in the philosophy of science concerning terminology.}. By conventional quantum mechanics, we mean: quantum mechanics including the Born rule, but with a minimum of further interpretational baggage. Whether the physicist likes to think of probabilities in a Bayesian or in a frequentist sense is up to them. In Many Worlds interpretations (and some other approaches), the Born rule is argued to follow from the deterministic (unitary evolution) part of the theory. But anyway, everyone agrees that it is there.

Bell himself sometimes used the phrase ``my theorem'' to refer to his \emph{inequalities}: first his (Bell, 1964) three correlations inequality \cite{Bell}, and later what is now called the Bell-CHSH (Clauser, Horne, Shimony, Holt 1969) four correlations inequality \cite{CHSH}. We would rather see those inequalities as simple probabilistic \emph{lemmas} used in two alternative, conventional, proofs of the same \emph{theorem} (the incompatibility of QM and LR). Actually the original proof involves four correlations too, since it also builds on perfect anti-correlation in the singlet correlations, when equal settings are used. Moreover, \cite{Bell} also has a small section in which Bell shows that his conclusions still hold if all those correlations are only approximately true.

The CHSH inequality is, indeed, a very simple result in elementary probability theory. It is a direct consequence of the Boole inequality stating that the probability of the disjunction (the logical ``or'') of several propositions is bounded by the sum of their individual probabilities. Something a whole lot stronger is Fine's (1982) theorem \cite{Fine}, that the satisfaction of all eight one-sided CHSH inequalities together with the four no-signalling equalities is necessary and sufficient for a local hidden variables theory to explain the sixteen conditional probabilities $p(x, y\mid a, b)$ of pairs of binary outcomes $x$, $y$, given pairs of binary settings $a$, $b$, in a Bell-CHSH-type experiment. No-signalling is the statement that Alice can't see from her statistics, what Bob is doing: with typical statisticians' and physicists' abuse of notation\footnote{The abuse of notation is that which actual function you are talking about depends on the names you use for the variables on which it depends. This abuse is nowadays reinforced by being built into some computer languages}, $p(x\mid a, b)$ doesn't depend on $b$, and similarly for Bob, $p(y\mid a, b)$ doesn't depend on $a$.

The following remarks form a digression into the prehistory of Bell inequalities. With quite some imagination, a version of Fine's theorem can be recognised in Boole's (1853) monumental work \cite{Boole}, namely his book ``\emph{An investigation of the laws of thought, on which are founded the mathematical theories of logic and probabilities}''. See the end of Section 11 of Chapter XIX of \cite{Boole}, where the general method of that chapter is applied to Example 7, Case III of Chapter XVIII. Boole derives the conditions on three probabilities $p$, $q$ and $r$ of three events which must hold in order that a probability space exists on which those three events can be defined with precisely those three probabilities, given certain logical relations between those three events. In modern terminology let the events be $A = \{X = Y\}$, $B = \{Y = Z\}$, $C = \{Z = X\}$ where $X$, $Y$ and $Z$ are three random variables. It's impossible that two of the events are true but the third is false. Boole derives the 6 linear inequalities involving $p$, $q$ and $r$  whose simultaneous validity is necessary and sufficient for such a probability space to exist. Boole's proof uses the arithmetic of Boolean logic, taking expectations of elementary linear identities concerning indicator functions (0/1 valued random variables), just as Bell did.

A similar exploration of necessary and sufficient conditions for a probability space to exist supporting a collection of probability assignments to various composite events was given by Vorob'ev (1982) \cite{Vorobev}. Vorob'ev starts his impressive but nowadays pretty much forgotten paper with a little three variable example. He has no further concrete examples, just general theorems; no reference to Bell or to Boole. The fact that Bell's inequalities have a precursor in Boole's work was first mentioned (though without giving a precise reference) by Itamar Pitowsky in a number of publications in the early 1980's. This led several later authors to accuse Bell of carelessness and even to suggest plagiarism because Bell does not refer to Boole. At least one can't blame Bell (1964) for not citing Vorob'ev's paper. All that this really shows is that Bell's theorem elicits very strong emotions, both positive and negative. And that lots of physicists and even mathematicians don't know much probability theory.

Having cleared up terminology and attribution, we continue towards the contribution of Gull to the story.

In a Bell-CHSH type experiment we have two locations or labs, in which two experimenters Alice and Bob can each input a binary setting to a device, which then generates a binary output. The setting corresponds to an intended choice of an angle, but only two angles are considered in each wing of the experiment. This is repeated, say $N$ times. We will talk about a \emph{run} of $N$ \emph{trials}. The settings are externally generated, perhaps by tossing coins or performing some other auxiliary experiment. The $N$ trials of Alice and Bob are somehow synchronised; exactly how, does not matter for the purposes of this paper, but in real experiments the synchronisation is taken care of using clocks, and the spatial-temporal arrangement of the two labs is such that there is no way a signal carrying Alice's $n$th setting, sent just before it is inserted into her device, could reach Bob's lab before his device has generated its $n$th outcome, even if it were transmitted at the speed of light.

In actual fact, these experiments involve measurements of the ``spin'' of ``quantum spin-half particles'' (electrons, for instance); or alternatively, measurements of the polarization of photons in the plane opposite to their directions of travel. The two settings, both of Alice and Bob, correspond to what are intended to be two \emph{directions} (spin) or \emph{orientations} (polarization), usually in the plane, but conceivably in three-dimensional space. Polarization doesn't only have an orientation -- horizontal or vertical with respect to any direction in the plane -- but also a degree of ellipticity (anything from circular to linear), and it can be clockwise or anti-clockwise. Talking about spin: in the so-called singlet state of two maximally entangled spin-half quantum systems, one can conceivably measure each subsystem in any 3D direction whatsoever, and the resulting pair of $\pm 1$-valued outcomes $(X_a, Y_b)$ would have the ``correlation'' $\mathbb E X_a Y_b = - a \cdot b$. Marginally, they would be completely random, $\mathbb E X_a = \mathbb E Y_b = 0$. The quantum physics set-up is often called an EPR-B experiment: the Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen (1935) \cite{EPR} thought experiment, transferred to spin by Bohm and Aharonov (1957) \cite{BA}.

When translated to the polarization example, this joint probability distribution of two binary variables is often called Malus' law. We will however stick to the spin-half example and call it ``the singlet correlations''. Moreover, we will restrict attention to spin measured in directions in the plane. The archetypical example (though itself only a thought experiment) of such an experiment would involve two Stern-Gerlach devices and is a basic example in many quantum physics texts. Present day experiments use completely different physical systems. Nowadays, anyone can buy time on a quantum computer ``in the cloud'' and do the experiment themselves, on an imperfect two-qubit quantum computer. One can perhaps also look forward to a future quantum internet, connecting two one-qubit quantum computers.

Now, Bell was actually interested in what one nowadays calls (possibly ``stochastic'') ``local hidden variables theories'' (LHV).  According to such a theory, the statistics predicted by quantum mechanics, and observed in experiments, are merely the reflection of a more classical underlying theory of an essentially deterministic and local nature. There might be local randomness, i.e., by definition, randomness inside the internal structure of invididual particles, completely independent of the local randomness elsewhere. Think of ``pseudo-random'' processes going on inside particles. Think of modelling the whole of nature as a huge stochastic cellular automaton. Mathematically, one might characterise such theories as claiming the mathematical existence of a classical probability space on which are defined a large collection of random variables $X_a$ and $Y_b$ for all directions $a$ and $b$ in the plane, such that each pair $(X_a, Y_b)$ has got the previously described joint probability distribution. So the question addressed by this paper is: can such a probability space exist? The answer is well-known to be ``no''; and the usual proof is via the Bell-CHSH inequality. The impossibility theorem is what we will call \emph{Gull's theorem}. We are interested here in a different way to prove it -- very different from the usual proofs -- based on the outline presented by Gull.

The underlying probability space is usually called $\Lambda$ instead of $\Omega$, and the elementary outcomes $\lambda\in\Lambda$ stand for the configuration of all the particles involved in the whole combined set-up of a source connected to two distant detectors, which are fed the settings $a$ and $b$ from outside. Thus $X_a(\lambda)$ stands \emph{within the mathematical model} for the outcome which Alice would theoretically see if she used the setting $a$, even if she actually used another, or even if the whole system was destroyed before the outcomes of the actually chosen settings were registered. There is no claim that these variables exist in reality, whatever that means. I am talking about the \emph{mathematical} existence of a mathematical model with certain \emph{mathematical} features. I am not entering a debate involving use of the concepts \emph{ontological} and \emph{epistemological}. This is not about properties of the real physical world. It is about mathematical descriptions thereof; mathematical descriptions which could be adequate tools for predictions of statistics (empirical averages), predictions of probabilities (empirical relative frequencies). If I write about the outcome which Alice would have observed had, counter to actual fact, Bob's measurement setting been different from what he actually chose, I am using colourful, and hopefully helpful, language about mathematical variables in mathematical models, or about variables in computer code in computer simulation programs.

In a sequence of trials, one would suppose that for each trial there is some kind of resetting of apparatus, so that at the $n$th trial we see the outcomes corresponding to $\lambda = \lambda_n$, where the sequence $\lambda_1$, $\lambda_2$, \dots, are independent draws from the same probability measure on the same probability space $\Lambda$. Now suppose we could come up with such a theory, and indeed come up with a (classical) Monte-Carlo computer simulation of that theory, on a classical PC. Then we could do the following. Simulate $N$ outcomes of the hidden variable $\lambda$, and simply write them into two computer programs as $N$ constants defined in the preamble to the programs. More conveniently, if they were simulated by a pseudo random number generator (RNG), then we could write the constants used in the generator, and an initial seed, as just a few constants, and reproduce the RNG itself inside both programs. The programs are to be run on two computers thought of as belonging to Alice and Bob. The two programs are started. They both set up a dialogue (a loop). Initially, $n$ is set to $1$.  Alice's computer prints the message ``Alice, this is trial number $n=\ldots$. Please input an angle.'' Alice's computer then waits for Alice to type an angle and hit the ``enter'' key. Bob's computer does exactly the same thing, repeatedly asking Bob for an angle.

If, on her $n$th trial, Alice submits the angle $a$, then the program on her computer evaluates and outputs $X_a(\lambda_n)=\pm 1$, increments $n$ by one, and the dialogue is repeated. Alice's computer doesn't need Bob's angle for this -- locality! Bob's doesn't need Alice's.

We have argued that if we could implement a local hidden variables theory in \emph{one} computer program, then we could simulate the singlet correlations derived from one run of many trials on \emph{two completely separate} computers, each running its own program, and each receiving its own stream of inputs (settings) and generating its own stream of outputs.

To summarize: for us, a local hidden variables theory for the EPR-B ``Gedanken experiment'', including what is often called a \emph{stochastic} local hidden variables theory, is just a pair of functions $A(a, \lambda)$, $B(b, \lambda)$ taking values $\pm 1$, where $a$ and $b$ are directions in the plane, together with a probability distribution over the third  variable $\lambda$, which can lie in any space of any complexity whatever, and which represents everything which determines the final measured outcomes throughout the whole combined system of a source, transmission lines, and two measurement stations, including (local, pseudo-) randomness there. In the theory, the outputs are a deterministic function of the inputs. When implemented as two computer programs, even more is true: \emph{given the programs}, the $n$th output of either computer depends \emph{only} on $n$ and on the $n$th input setting angle on that computer; not on the earlier input angles.  If one reruns either program with an identical input stream, the output stream will be the same, too. In order to get different outputs, one would have to change the constants defined in the program. As we mentioned before, but want to emphasize again, we envisage that an identical stream of instances of the hidden variable $\lambda$ is generated on both computers by the same RNG initialised by the same seed; that seed is a constant fixed in the start of the programs.

The previous discussion was quite lengthy, but is needed to clear up questions about Gull's assumptions. Actually, quite a lot of careful thought lies behind them.

Gull \cite{Gull} posed the problem: write those computer programs ... or prove that they do not exist. He gave a sketch of a rather pretty proof that such programs could not exist using Fourier theory, and that is what we will turn to next. We will call the statement that such programs do not exist \emph{Gull's theorem}.

We will go through Gull's outline proof, but will run into a difficulty at the last step. However, it can easily be fixed. In Gull's argument, there are, after some preparations, two completely separated computers running completely deterministically. We need three, networked computers: a third computer supplies a stream of random numbers to the two computers which represent the two measurement stations in Bell's theorem. At the end of the day, one can imagine that computer replaced by a cloned, virtual computer, generating the same pseudo-random numbers within each of Alice and Bob's computers. Gull's proof then just needs a third step: writing a grand expectation over all randomness as the expectation of a conditional expectation, given the hidden variables.

 A recently posted \texttt{stackexchange} discussion \cite{Gullplus}) also attempts to decode Gull's proof,  but in our opinion is also incomplete, getting stuck at the same point as we did.

In a final section we will show how \emph{Gull's theorem} (with completely separated, deterministically operating computers) can also be proven using a Bell theorem proof variant due to the first author of the present paper, designed specifically for fighting Bell deniers by challenging them to implement their theory as a networked computer experiment. The trick is to use externally created streams of random binary setting choices and derive martingale properties of a suitable game score, treating the physics implemented inside the computers as completely deterministic. Randomness resides only in the streams of settings used, trial by trial, in the experiment.

The message of this paper is that \emph{Gull's theorem} is true. Its mathematical formulation is open to several interpretations, needing different proofs, of course. A version certainly can be proven using Fourier theory, and Gull's Fourier theoretic proof of this version is very pretty and original indeed.

We have referred to the question of computer simulation of Bell experiments, and to Gull's proof of Bell's theorem, in recent papers Gill (2020a, 2020b, 2020c). It is good that any doubts as to the validity of Gull's claim can be dispelled, though his claim does need more precise formulation, since his outline proof has a gap. We hope he would approve of how we have bridged the gap.

\section{Gull's theorem: a distributed computer simulation of the singlet correlations is impossible}

The reader needs to recall the standard theory of Fourier series, whereby one approximates a square integrable complex valued function on the circle by an infinite sum of complex Fourier coefficients times periodic exponential functions. A useful introductory resource (freely available on the internet) is the book by Schoenstadt (1992)  \cite{Schoenstadt}. In particular one needs Section 2.6, The Complex Form of the Fourier Series; Section 6.2, Convolution and Fourier Transforms; and Section 6.9, Correlation. However, the book does not go into measure theoretic niceties. At the very least, an assumption of measurability needs to be made, in order that integrals are well defined (or instead of Lebesgue integrals, one has to use the notion of Radon integrals). The Fourier series transform converts a square integrable complex valued function to a square summable doubly infinite sequence of coefficients. With appropriate normalisations, one has an isomorphism between the Hilbert spaces $L^2_{\mathbb C}(-\pi,\pi)$ and $\ell^2_{\mathbb C}(\mathbb Z)$. Said in another way, the periodic complex exponential functions on the circle, appropriately normalised, form a complete orthonormal basis of the function space of equivalence classes of all square integrable functions on the circle.

The transformation \emph{in each direction} is called by Gull a Fourier transform, and by the theory of \emph{Pontryagin duality} this is reasonable terminology. The fact that a convolution of functions maps to a product of Fourier series is very well known. Less well known is that a similar result holds for the correlation between two functions.

The analysis literature has numerous results giving stronger forms of convergence of Fourier series to the approximated function than the $L^2$ convergence coming from the point of view just explained. One could avoid analytic niceties by working with discrete settings, for instance, whole numbers of degrees, and using the discrete Fourier transform. Of course, when one selects a whole number of degrees on a machine with a digital interface, what goes on inside the machine will likely involve angles which are never precisely the angles which the user asked for. But that doesn't matter: the experimenter sets a digital dial to some whole number of degrees. One could say that this is a Bell-CHSH experiment in which Alice and Bob each have 360 different settings at their disposal.

We will not develop that approach in this short paper, but do plan to explore it in the near future. We will just present Gull's argument as it stands, and see where the argument needs fixing.

According to the singlet correlations, if Alice and Bob submit the same sequence of inputs, then their output streams are exactly opposite to one another. Recall that the outcomes are functions only of the trial number and the respective setting angles. Let us denote them by $A_n(\theta)$ and $B_n(\phi)$. Then we must have the following equality between functions, defined, say, on the interval $(-\pi, \pi]$: $B_n = - A_n$.

Next, consider a sequence of $N$ trials in which Alice uses angles, picked uniformly at random from that interval, and Bob uses the same sequence of angles, shifted clockwise by the amount $\theta$. The expectation value of the average of the products of their outcomes is
$$
\rho_N(\theta)~=~-\frac1N\!\sum\limits_{n=1}^N\,\,\frac1{2\pi}\!\!\!\int\limits_{u \in (-\pi,\pi]}A_n(u)A_n(u -\theta)\,{\mathrm d} u.
\eqno(1)
$$
We want this ``expected sample correlation function'' $\rho_N$ to converge (pointwise) to the negative cosine, the correlation function $\rho$ defined by
$$
\rho(\theta) ~:=~-\cos(\theta) ~=~ - {\textstyle \frac 12} e^{i \theta} - {\textstyle \frac 12} e^{- i \theta}
\eqno(2)
$$
as $N$ converges to infinity.

Notice, we already took the expectation value with respect to the randomness of the sequence of setting pairs.
We actually want convergence almost surely: in a single infinitely long experiment we already want to see the negative cosine law.
For this we could use the strong law of large numbers in the case of non identically distributed, but bounded, random variables.
That would tell us that if $\rho_N$ converges to a limit, then the ``measured correlation'' will converge also, with probability one.
Gull does not enter into any of these subtleties. Moreover, at some point, he drops the index $n$ from his notation.

Suppose $A_n$ has Fourier series $(\widetilde A_n(k):k \in \mathbb Z)$, i.e., with
$$
\widetilde A_n(k)~=~\frac1{2\pi}\!\!\!\int\limits_{u\in (-\pi,\pi]} e^{-iku}A_n(u)\,{\mathrm d}u,
\eqno(3)
$$
$$
A_n(u)~=~\sum\limits_{k\in \mathbb Z}\widetilde A_n(k)e^{i k u}.
\eqno(4)
$$
This requires some regularity of each function $A_n$.  But assuming (4), we can substitute it into (1), twice, giving us a triple summation over $n$, $k$, and $k'$ (say), with coefficient $\widetilde A_n(k)\widetilde A_n(k')$, and a single integration over $u$ of $e^{-iku} e^{-ik'(u-\theta)}/2\pi$.
The integral over the circle of $e^{-(k+k')u}/2\pi$ is zero unless $k+k'=0$, when it equals $1$.
We obtain the summation over $n$ and $k$ of $\widetilde A_n(k)\widetilde A_n(-k)e^{-ik\theta}$.
From (3), because the function $A_n$ is real, we obtain
$$
 \rho_N(\theta)~=~-\frac1N\sum\limits_{n=1}^N\sum\limits_{k\in\mathbb Z}|\widetilde A_n(k)|^2 e^{-ik\theta}.
 \eqno(5)
 $$

Now, we already saw the Fourier series for the negative cosine: it just has two nonzero coefficients, obviously; those for $k=\pm1$. This tells us that for all $k\ne \pm 1$, the limit as $N$ tends to infinity of $\sum_{n=1}^N |\widetilde A_n(k)|^2 /N$ is zero. We know that the real functions $A_n$ square to +1. Yet only the $k=\pm1$ terms in their Fourier expansions play asymptotically a significant role in their expansions. Yet on average, and in  $L^2$ sense, they approach the negative cosine. Intuitively, this must be impossible. But we do not presently have a proof.

The problem is all those different functions $A_n$. Gull in his notes is clearly thinking of there just being one.

The solution we propose is to introduce a third computer; one could consider it to represent the source. It supplies a stream of uniform random numbers to computers A and B, and now, inside the dialogue loop, the \emph{same} function is called at each iteration, whose inputs consist \emph{only} of the $n$th angle and the $n$th random number. Denote a generic random number by $\lambda\in\Lambda$ with probability distribution $\mathbb P$. Fix $\theta$ and choose, uniformly at random, $N$ setting pairs, an angle $\theta$ apart. We can use equation (1) again in which, by definition now,
$$
A_n(u) = A(u, \lambda_n).
\eqno(6)
$$
Equation (1) now represents the the sample average of $N$ independent, identically distributed random variables. We have taken the conditional expectation, given the hidden variables $\lambda_1$, \dots, $\lambda_n$ of the correlation observed in a run of length $N$; we have averaged only over the setting choices.
The expectation value of this, thus averaging both over hidden variables and over setting pairs at a fixed distance $\theta$ apart, then becomes
$$
\frac1{2\pi}\int\limits_{\lambda \in \Lambda} \, \int\limits_{u \in (-\pi,\pi]}A(u, \lambda)A(u -\theta, \lambda)\,{\mathrm d}u\,{\mathrm d} \mathbb P(\lambda).
\eqno(7)
$$
Using (6), equation (4) can be rewritten as
$$
A(u)~=~\sum\limits_{k\in \mathbb Z}\widetilde A(k)e^{i k u}
\eqno(8)
$$
where $A(u)$ and $\widetilde A(k)$ are both random variables. Substitute (8) into (7), twice, giving us again summations over $k$, and $k'$ (say), with coefficient $\widetilde A(k, \lambda)\widetilde A(k', \lambda)$ and integrals over $u$ of $e^{-iku} e^{-ik'(u-\theta)}/2\pi$, and over $\lambda$ with respect to the probability measure $\mathbb P$.

Now, the integral of $e^{-(k+k')u}$ is zero unless $k+k'=0$.
So we obtain, analogously to (5),
$$
\rho(\theta)~=~ \mathbb E\,\rho_N(\theta) ~=~ \sum_k \mathbb E ( | \widetilde A(k) |^2) e^{-ik\theta}.
\eqno(9)
$$
From (2), $\mathbb E ( | \widetilde A(k) |^2) = 0$ for all $k$ except $k=\pm 1$. The random measurement functions only have two non-zero Fourier series coefficients, and cannot possibly be discontinuous, which they must be since they only take the values $\pm 1$.

A similar project was independently embarked on by H. Razmi (2005, 2007) \cite{Razmi2005, Razmi2007}. His work was criticised by R. Tumulka (2009) \cite{Tumulka2009}, but Razmi (2009) \cite{Razmi2009} fought back. Razmi makes a further physical assumption of invariance under rotations. Gill (2020c) \cite{Gill2020c} discusses how some invariances may be imposed ``for free'' since at the end of the day we are going to generate correlations which are invariant under the same rotation of both settings.

\subsection{A classical distributed computer simulation of the singlet correlations is impossible}

Quite a few years before the work of Gull, Razmi and Tumulka, and deliberately focussed on classical computer simulations of CHSH-style experiments, Gill (2003a, 2003b) \cite{Gill2003a, Gill2003b} produced several martingale based inequalities on a variant of the CHSH statistic. He noticed that if the denominators of the four numerators in the four sample correlations were replaced by their expectation values (when settings are chosen completely at random) $N/4$, and then the whole statistic is multiplied by $N/4$, then it equals a sum over the $N$ trials of a quantity which, under local realism, and assuming the complete randomness of the \emph{setting} choices only, has expectation value less than $3/4$. So subtract off $(3/4) N$ and one has, under local realism, a supermartingale. The conditional independence of increments of the process (the time variable being $N$), conditional on the past, are negative. Moreover the increments of the process are bounded, so powerful martingale inequalities give easy exponential inequalities on the probabilities of large deviations upwards.

These inequalities were later improved, and the martingale structure further exploited, to get wonderfully sharp results. In our opinion, the nicest is that presented in the supplementary material of the paper Hensen et al. (2015) published in \emph{Nature} \cite{Hensen2015a, Hensen2015b}, as the first ever succesful ``loophole-free'' Bell type experiment. Since those researchers were based in Delft, the Netherlands, and have had much contact with the authors, we (the author) are particularly proud of that experiment and that probabilistic result.

Consider such an experiment and let us say that the $n$th trial results in a success, if and only if the two outcomes are equal and the settings are \emph{not} both the setting with label ``2'', or the two outcomes are opposite and the settings \emph{are} both the setting with label ``2''. (Recall that measurement outcomes take the values $\pm 1$; the settings will be labelled ``1'' and ``2'', and these labels correspond to certain choices of measurement directions, in each of the two wings of the experiment). The quantum engineering is set up so as to ensure a large positive correlation between the outcomes for setting pairs $11$, $12$ and $21$, but a large negative correlation for setting pair $22$. Let us denote the total number of successes in a fixed number, $N$, of trials, by $S_N$.

Then Hensen et al.~(2015a, b), and see also Bierhorst (2015) \cite{Bierhorst2015} and Elkouss and Wehner (2016) \cite{ElkoussWehner2016} for further generalisations, show that,
for all $x$,
$$
\mathbb P(S_N\ge x)~\le~ \mathbb P( \mathrm{Bin}(N, 3/4) \ge x),
\eqno(8)
$$
where $\mathrm{Bin}(N, p)$ denotes a binomally distributed random variable with parameters $N$, the number of trials, and success probability, per independent trial, $p$.

Above we wrote ``under the assumption of local realism''. Those are physics concepts. The important point here is that a network of two classical PC's both performing a completely deterministic computation, and allowed to communicate over a classical wired connection \emph{between} every trial and the next, does satisfy those assumptions. The theorem applies to a classical distributed computer simulation of the usual quantum optics lab experiment. Time trends and time jumps in the simulated physics, and correlations (dependency) due to use of memory of past settings (even of the past settings in the other wing in the experiment) do not destroy the theorem. It is driven \emph{solely} by the random choice anew, trial after trial, of one of the four pairs of settings, and such that each computer is only fed its own setting, not that given to the other computer.

Take for instance $N = 10\,000$. Take a critical level of $x = 0.8 N$. Local realism says that $S_N$ is stochastically smaller (in the right tail) than the  $\mathrm{Bin}(N, 0.75)$ distribution. According to quantum mechanics, and using the optimal pairs of settings and the optimal quantum state, $S_N$ has approximately the $\mathrm{Bin}(N, 0.85)$ distribution. Under those two distributions, the probabilities of outcomes respectively larger and smaller than $0.80 N$ are about $10^{-30}$ and $10^{-40}$ respectively.
These probabilities give an excellent basis for making bets.

Suppose we use the computer programs in this way just to compute the four correlations between the pairs of settings used in the CHSH inequality. This comes down to looking at the correlation curve in just four points. If the programs yield correlations which converge to some limits as $N$ tends to infinity, then (4) shows that those four limits will violate the CHSH inequality, hence cannot be the four points on the correlation function which the program is supposed to be able to reproduce, up to statistical variation in its Monte Carlo simulation results.

\section{Conclusion}

Gull's Fourier theory proof of Bell's theorem as a no-go theorem in distributed computing can be made rigorous after notational ambiguity is resolved and an extra step is introduced. To follow his proof sketch, we must first of all introduce randomness into the setting choices. In the main part of the proof we must think of picking, uniformly at random, pairs of settings a fixed distance apart on the circle. Secondly, we must see the the streams of simulated hidden variables used in any long run by both computers as coordinatewise functions of the realisations of a single stream of i.i.d.\ variables simulated by a pseudo-random generator; thus with the same seed and the same parameters on each computer. The computers must contain an implementation of a classical local hidden variables model, with two measurement functions $A(a, \lambda)$ and $B(b, \lambda)$ and one probability distribution of the hidden variable $\lambda$. There is no use of memory or time.

A proof via Fourier analysis requires regularity assumptions.This can certainly be avoided by using discrete settings (e.g, whole numbers of degrees) and discrete Fourier transforms. The restrictions which Gull implicitly makes can be avoided by using a proof based on the martingale ideas first used by Gill (2003a, b) \cite{Gill2003a, Gill2003b}, which exploit the logic behind the CHSH inequality, though seeing randomness only in the setting choices, leaving the physics as something completely deterministic.

Marek \.Zukowski has introduced a concept of ``functional Bell inequalities'', see especially \cite{KaszilowskiZukowski2000}. Earlier work by many authors has shows that the largest amplitude of a negative cosine which can be observed in  a typical Bell-type experiment, in which settings of Alice and Bob are taken from the whole unit ciricle, is $k = 1/\sqrt 2 = 0.7071...$; in other words, the mean of the product of the outcomes $\pm 1$ at given settings can be $- k \cos(\alpha-\beta)$ with $k = 0.7071...$, but not with any larger value of $k$. This is in fact an example of the generalised Grothendieck inequality for dimension 2. In higher dimensions (for instance, directions in space, rather than in the plane), the Grothendieck constants are matter of conjecture and of numerical bounds; see \cite{vanderHorst2021}. A very interesting question is whether functional Bell test experiments actually have advantages over the usual experiments, in which Alice and Bob each choose between two possible settings, so only four different correlations are experimentally probed. It could well be that there is actually a statistical advantage in probing more pairs of directions. \cite{gilgrundam} showed that when we measure the power of a proof of Bell's theorem in terms of the experimental resources needed to obtain a given degree of experimental proof that local realism is not true, it is not necessarily true that the best experimental demonstration of quantum nonlocality is attained through the experiment corresponding most closely to the most simple or striking mathematical proof. In particular, proof of Bell's theorem ``without inequalities'' typically do need inequalities before they can apply to an experimental set-up, and moreover, the amount of resources needed can be surprisingly large.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


An Emmy Award-winning broadcaster who interviewed six U.S. presidents, Scott covered Sen. John F. Kennedy during the 1960 campaign. Visiting Dallas in 1966, he recorded a significant interview with Abraham Zapruder, as well as others involved in the assassination story. Scott donated those recordings to the Museum in 2003. Recorded June 15, 2017.


Our overall well-being plays a huge role in our health. Our well-being affects our happiness, outlook on life and self-confidence. I believe taking control of your wellness is one of the most empowering and beneficial things you can do for yourself. Wellness means a lot of different things, but I find that two areas that people struggle with most are diet and exercise. In my mind, these are foundational pieces because diet fuels you and gives you energy and exercise keeps you strong and fit to continue to do the things you love.
I LOVE ice cream. I have to throw that out there because it is important in understanding my food philosophy.
Find ways that you like to move and move often. You don't have to run marathons to be fit, so find what you love and start doing it.


text:
James Island Charter High School has early dismissal due to power outage Wednesday
JAMES ISLAND, S.C. (WCBD) – James Island Charter High School had an early dismissal for students Wednesday because of a power failure.
The school said it lost power for most of the building around 10:20 a.m. due to what they said was an accident at a nearby construction site.
They were not sure when power would be restored.
Students were dismissed at 12:00 p.m. "Whatever lunch is already prepared is available for students," the school said. "The building will be open and supervised until 3:30 p.m. if students cannot be picked up."
The school hopes the issue will be resolved Wednesday and a return to normal on Thursday.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Guar Gum Refined Split is refined endosperm derived from guar seed or cluster bean (cyamoperm tetragonoloba). It is a non-ionic polysaccharide galacomannan. Guar Gum Refined Split (Endosperm) is mechanically separated from guar seed which yields 28-30% of Refined Split. Guar beans are harvested and dried following the growing season.
The beans are shelled from the pods, the germ and hull removed. The resulting splits are wet-milled into powder; the powder is graded by granulation and quality. We provide quality Guar Gum Splits to quality manufacturer of Guar Gum Powder, which is their pre-requirement for manufacturing high quality Guar Gum Powder.
50 kg net each bag outer pp woven , inner PE liner.
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5 RED SPLITS 0.5% MAX. 0.7% MAX. 1% MAX.
7 ALBOMINOIDS (NX6.25) 4% MAX. 4.5% MAX. 5.0% MAX.
8 FIBER 0.1% MAX. 0.5% MAX. 0.5% MAX.
9 OIL 0.3 % MAX. 0.3 % MAX. 0.3 % MAX.


text:
Sniffer dogs, bomb experts comb through Kenya attack site
Fran BLANDY
AFP January 17, 2019
Men pray over the grave of Feisal Ahmed, one of the 21 people killed in the jihadist attack on a Nairobi office and hotel complex
Men pray over the grave of Feisal Ahmed, one of the 21 people killed in the jihadist attack on a Nairobi office and hotel complex (AFP Photo/Luis TATO)
Nairobi (AFP) - Kenyan police aided by bomb experts and sniffer dogs on Thursday resumed their search of the Nairobi hotel complex struck by Islamists as police arrested nine more suspects over the attack which left 21 dead and 28 injured.
A police source, speaking on condition of anonymity, said they were confident there were no more people trapped inside the hotel or surrounding office buildings after the 20-hour assault unleashed on Tuesday, during which some 700 civilians were rescued.
"We are confident that we have no more people there," the officer told AFP, "but in a situation like this, you are not done until you are done."
"We are back in with sniffer dogs, and bomb experts are checking through because yesterday we found grenades left by those people."
Police warned the public there may be loud controlled explosions as they continued their sweep of the hotel.
Five gunmen with the Al-Qaeda-linked Somali militant group Al-Shabaab attacked the DusitD2 hotel and office complex on Tuesday afternoon.
Chilling CCTV footage showed one of the attackers lingering in front of the terrace of the Secret Garden restaurant before blowing himself up.
Four other attackers were shot dead by police during the operation to secure the hotel.
- 'A breakthrough' in probe -
Police said Thursday they had arrested nine suspects, in addition to the two arrested on Wednesday, including a man initially thought to have been among the dead attackers.
Ali Salim Gichunge was rounded up after a raid at his house in the Ruaka suburb on Wednesday where he lived with his wife Violet Kemunto Omwoyo who is also being held by police.
"He is linked to the attack but he is not among the dead," a police source said. "His car was used and he had hosted the attackers. His house in Ruaka was used in the planning, that is why he is very important to us in this investigation. "
"It is a breakthrough for us. With his car on site, everyone believed he must be dead, but the description from neighbours and his wife has led to his arrest."
The other suspects include men picked up in the coastal city of Mombasa and western Kenya who were all communicating with "associates" in Somalia.
The police source earlier said detectives had discovered a "huge hole dug in one of the rooms where guns were stored."
"Neighbours have told us the couple was planning to move out because they had even put up their items for sale through the community's social network."
The Standard newspaper said Omwoyo had written: "We are moving out of Nairobi this week" on her ad selling clothes and furniture.
Al-Shabaab said it was acting to avenge the decision by US President Donald Trump to declare Jerusalem as Israel's capital, according to the SITE monitoring group.
A statement from the Vatican said Pope Francis was "deeply saddened to learn of the loss of life and injury following the attack in a hotel complex in Nairobi."
"He extends heartfelt condolences to all Kenyans, in particular the families of the deceased and all those injured."
- Missing accounted for -
Among the victims who died in the attack were two ethnic Somali Kenyans who worked on a project called the Somalia Stability Fund, a Kenyan football blogger and a policeman responding to the scene.
An American working for a consulting and investment firm, who survived the 9/11 attacks in the United States, and a dual British-South African development worker were also among those killed.
As the attack unfolded, scores of terrified civilians barricaded themselves inside toilets and offices for hours.
Some were killed at the Secret Garden restaurant, while another six bodies were found on the third floor of the hotel, where one of the gun battles took place.
The Red Cross said that 19 people who had been reported missing to them had since been traced.
Several private citizens and foreign security forces took part in the rescue operation.
British media reports said a former special forces soldier who was out shopping when the attack happened jumped in to help Kenyan special forces.
Kenya's Daily Nation newspaper hailed the "sweet victory over terrorism" as praise poured in for the swift and professional response from security services.
This stood in stark contrast to the scorn heaped on disorganised police and army officers who staged a chaotic intervention when Shabaab attacked the Westgate mall in 2013, leaving 67 dead.
"There was a sense of triumph despite adversity," read the newspaper's editorial.
"Security teams were well-coordinated under the General Service Unit; there was a centralised chain of command... clearly lessons have been learned."
Al-Shabaab has repeatedly targeted Kenya over the presence of its troops in Somalia.
Man goes viral after hotel's 'boardroom suite' ends up being very literal
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When people migrate, language and music are among the most common cultural artefacts that they carry with them. Music comes to play different roles for different (generations of) people in the new community. For those who migrated, music acts as a source of enjoyment, but also helps to create a link with their homeland. For their children, music becomes not an end in itself, but also a corpus of linguistic and broader cultural data that they use for language and cultural learning.
The current talk charts the social history of Jamaicans and their main language (Jamaican Creole) in Canada from the perspective of music. Using lyrics as the primary text, it analyses language use in 1970s and '80s reggae music produced by Jamaican immigrants; dancehall music produced by Canadian-born children of immigrants and their Jamaican-born peers in the 1990s and beyond; hip-hop music produced by young people of Jamaican descent in the late 20th to early 21st century; and reggae produced by non-Jamaicans. I argue that in the 1960s and '70s Jamaican music acted as a language learning resource for Canadian youngsters of Jamaican descent. Music as a resource for language learning was greatly improved with the large influx of Jamaican-born youngsters who arrived in Canada in the 1970s and beyond who brought with them Jamaican-dominant dancehall music, and more positive attitudes to Jamaican Creole than their parents. These youngsters acted as cultural brokers and left an impact on both the musical and linguistic landscape of Toronto/Canada. The talk locates all of this within what has been referred to as the sociolinguistics of diaspora, and explores the different tributaries of these transnational linguistic flows.


Explore the physical nature of the world and the forces that shape it on this course. You'll learn through lectures, research and field studies in locations from Malawi to Morocco.
As well as providing an introduction to fundamental principles of environmental systems and the interconnectedness of humankind with the environment, this module introduces key practical skills needed in environmental science.
Develop fundamental skills in geological data gathering and analysis, in areas such as GIS, statistics and geophysics through a combination of lectures, practicals and field work.
Throughout this course, you will gain a comprehensive understanding of geology and physical geography with the opportunity to develop in-depth knowledge in specialist areas.
Your first semester of Year 1 will be shared with the specialist Geology programme at Hull, giving you the opportunity to participate in fieldwork in Yorkshire and Cumbria. Modules of study will give you a solid grounding in physical geography, geoscience and landforms, and tectonics. The second semester introduces a wider range of physical geography topics.
The second year gives you the opportunity to tailor the course to your particular interests, focusing on areas including sedimentology, crustal structure and climate change. Overseas residential fieldwork will be in southeast Spain, providing an outstanding opportunity to study recently formed sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks within one of the most active tectonic zones in Western Europe.
Investigate how the environment, especially the climate, changes in the past, present and future. This module uses a combination of lectures and practical activities to introduce you to key concepts in environmental change and develop key skills, such as laboratory methods.
Explore how new physical geography knowledge is acquired through project work, studying the history and philosophy of our subject. You'll research a topic of your choice and develop a plan for the final year dissertation. This module gives you the tools needed to be a physical geographer and make an original contribution to our knowledge of the world, not just learn about things other people found out.
Look at earth surface processes from the source in upland area to the sink in coastal environments. Through lectures, fieldwork and laboratory experiments, you will lean about how sediments are eroded, transported and deposited through a catchment.
Sedimentary rocks record the history of planet Earth, contain the fossils that reveal the history of life and host unique resources exploited for hydrocarbons, to plaster, salt, cement, fertiliser and building stone. This module teaches you the skills you need to record them, the concepts you need to understand them and the approaches you will use to complete your mapping dissertation.
Earth is an integrated system. Tectonics, life and climate evolve together and the Earth system passes changes from one component to another in complex and diverse connections. Here, we bring these themes together and introduce the unifying concept of Earth System Science.
In the final year, you will undertake an independent field-mapping exercise. Many optional modules also include a fieldwork element, and there is an optional field course based in Iceland.
Prepare for entry into employment in the burgeoning economic geology sector. You will take the basic geological training you have received in the first two years and use it in applied contexts associated with petroleum and mineral resources. The module includes lectures, practicals, a three day field course, and student presentations.
Investigate climate change, its impact on us and our adaptions to it, as well as future climate change scenarios. This module uses a combination of lectures, PC practicals and seminars.
Discover exciting and innovative ways of thinking and practising river management for both flooding and geomorphic impact, including the latest practices of natural flood management (NFM). This module will introduce you to key approaches to river management through a combination of lectures, student-led presentations and a final report.
We live in uncertain times, and predicting future trends among many environmental factors is difficult, but we do know that many aspects of the natural world are being significantly affected by human activity. In this module, you will explore how the natural world is responding and will respond to future changes. You will consider how conservation science, practice and policy is being used to protect and enhance that world.
Explore the key themes and current research-led understanding of volcanological processes and hazards, volcanic monitoring and management of volcanic crises around the world.
How do sedimentary environments, from the mudflats of the Humber to the Cambrian sea floor, really work? This module combines classroom, field and lab techniques from geology, geography and ecology to improve your understanding of sedimentary systems.
"The sheer amount of choice and the amount of tailoring that you can do with your own degree. That made me want to come here".
Geology with Physical Geography at Hull provides the broad training you'll need to work in the mining, petroleum, civil engineering and environmental sectors. Our teaching focuses on field work and the analysis of geological materials, geological maps and solving genuine geological problems.
92% of our geography students are in work or further study six months after graduating (UK domicile full-time first degree leavers; Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education survey for the academic year 2016/17, published by the Higher Education Statistics Agency 2018).
There's a strong emphasis on field trips, which make full use of our unique position on the Yorkshire coast. Optional final-year trips are to locations such as Iceland, Malawi and Morocco.
All core field trips are included in the cost of your degree.
This degree is accredited by the Geological Society of London.
You'll gain an in-depth understanding of the geological, physical and biological processes that operate on and underneath the Earth's surface and control the natural environment. Our expert staff put innovation at the heart of teaching and learning.
What do our students do on their field trips? Find out with our up-close-and-personal video filmed in Spain with our second-year students.
Why people still believe climate change is fake… and why we know they're wrong.
Applicants should have A Level Chemistry, Biology, Geology, Maths or Physics at Grade C (or merit from BTEC in Applied Science). Applicants taking the reformed A-level must also Pass the practical element. Please note the reformed subjects only apply to Biology, Chemistry and Physics.
Access to HE Diploma: Pass Access to HE Diploma in a suitable science based programme with 23 credits at merit.
Through this degree, with its strong basis in practical and field work, you will gain the training and skills required by a range of employers – including map creation/interpretation and resource identification. You will also develop transferable skills in research, data analysis and communication, which are highly valued by employers.
You will have the direct experience and skills to work in the specialist fields of exploration geology, the petroleum industry and environmental agencies and consultancies. You will also be eligible to work in areas such as management, finance, computing, marketing, public administration, transport, the media and teaching.
Many students also choose to continue their studies with Masters courses in structural geology, environmental conservation or management, petroleum geosciences, geographical information systems and remote sensing. Courses in teaching, surveying or urban/rural planning are also popular, as are business and management courses.


text:
package pl.hypeapp.episodie.dataproviders.database.job;

import pl.hypeapp.episodie.core.entity.database.JobResult;
import pl.hypeapp.episodie.core.usecase.job.RecordJobResult;

public class JobResultDatabaseProvider implements RecordJobResult {

    private final JobResultRepository jobResultRepository;

    public JobResultDatabaseProvider(JobResultRepository jobResultRepository) {
        this.jobResultRepository = jobResultRepository;
    }

    @Override
    public void insertResult(JobResult jobResult) {
        jobResultRepository.save(jobResult);
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Labour support drops in August but still maintains huge lead of 19.5% over National
Topic: Public Opinion Federal Poll Press Release
Source: Roy Morgan New Zealand Single Source. January – August 2020. Base: New Zealand electors aged 18+. Average interviews per month = 897.
In August support for Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern's Labour Party was at 48%, down 5.5% since July, but well ahead of National on 28.5% (up 2%), with just over a month to go before the rescheduled election in mid-October.
If an election were held today Labour could govern with the support of current partners the Greens.
Interviewing for this survey in August encompassed the period including the enforcement of Stage 3 restrictions across Auckland following the renewed outbreak of COVID-19 in the city and the decision to postpone the election by four weeks.
The renewed outbreak of COVID-19 and the re-imposition of restrictions in Auckland and around the country has clearly proved frustrating to many and the subsequent drop in support for Labour in August has narrowed the lead to 19.5% points between the two major parties.
Although this is the smallest lead for Labour since March it still represents a huge advantage to Ardern's Government as it seeks re-election in mid-October.
This latest New Zealand Roy Morgan Poll on voting intention was conducted by telephone – both landline and mobile – with a NZ-wide cross-section of 897 electors during August. Of all electors surveyed 5.5% (up 1.5%) didn't name a party. Electors were asked: "If a New Zealand Election were held today which party would receive your party vote?"
Support for the Labour/NZ First/Greens coalition remains strong at 62% in August
In August 62% of electors supported the Labour/NZ First/Greens governing coalition, down 1% since July. The governing coalition was well ahead of the Parliamentary opposition National/ Act NZ on only 34.5%, up 1.5% since July.
Support for Deputy Prime Minister Winston Peter's NZ First improved slightly by 1% to 2.5% in August but remains 4.7% below the party's election result of 7.2% in 2017. The August figure puts NZ First below the party vote threshold; it may be ejected from Parliament altogether at this year's NZ Election if it garners less than 5% of the vote.
Greens support increased 3.5% to 11.5% in August and is now up 5.2% since the 2017 election and the party is on track to repeat the result of the 2011 NZ Election when it won 14 seats.
Support for Act NZ was at 6% in August, down 0.5% since July. If this level of support is repeated at the election it would be Act's best election result since 2002 when the party scored over 7% of the vote and won 9 seats in Parliament.
A small minority of 3.5% of electors support other minor parties outside Parliament.
Of the parties outside Parliament, The Opportunities Party (TOP) was down 0.5% to 1% in August and the Maori Party was unchanged at 0.5%.
New Zealand Government Confidence Rating virtually unchanged at 152 in August
Roy Morgan Government Confidence Rating was virtually unchanged at a very high 152 in August, down 0.5pts from 152.5 in July. The majority (71%) of New Zealand electors (down 0.5% since July) said New Zealand was 'heading in the right direction' compared to only 19% (unchanged) who said New Zealand was 'heading in the wrong direction'.
The latest monthly ANZ-Roy Morgan Consumer Confidence Rating was down slightly by 4.1pts at 100.2 in August. Both indicators have stabilised in recent months after large movements during the early part of the pandemic in March and April drove Government Confidence to a record high in April while Consumer Confidence Rating hit its lowest level for a decade in the same month at only 84.8.
Michele Levine, CEO, Roy Morgan, says several events in August have dented support for Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern's Labour, but most of this support flowed to coalition partners NZ First and the Greens rather than the opposition:
"Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern has faced several challenges during August with a renewed outbreak of COVID-19 leading to the re-imposition of a Stage 3 lockdown in New Zealand's largest city of Auckland and the re-introduction of Stage 2 restrictions throughout the country.
"The outbreak prompted the four-week postponement of the New Zealand Election until mid-October and raised questions about whether the elimination strategy pursued so far is a sustainable long-term solution to the threat posed by COVID-19.
"Today's Roy Morgan New Zealand Poll shows the issues that emerged in August have impacted on support for the governing Labour Party which saw its support decline by 5.5% to 48% - its lowest level of support since March 2020 (42.5%).
"However, the good news for Labour is that the support has flowed largely to coalition partners NZ First, up 1% to 2.5% support and the Greens, up 3.5% to 11.5%. This level of support would not be enough to return NZ First to Parliament after the election but would likely lead to a coalition between Labour and the Greens with Prime Minister Ardern staying on in the top job.
"The Opposition National under new leader Judith Collins has recovered some ground in August with support growing 2% to 28.5% but is still below the level of support former leader Simon Bridges managed in April (30.5%) before he was dumped as leader in mid-May.
"Although the renewed outbreak and lockdowns in August have provided a new challenge for Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, the quick response appears to have brought the outbreak under control and means Ardern remains heavily favoured to be re-elected with an increased majority at the rescheduled election in mid-October."
New Zealand Party Vote: 2020
New Zealand Party Vote: NZ Govt. v Parliamentary Opposition
Roy Morgan NZ Government Confidence Rating vs. ANZ-Roy Morgan NZ Consumer Confidence
Voting Intention Summary
The following table compares the latest New Zealand Roy Morgan Polls on Voting Intention with the result from the September 23, 2017 General Election:
NZ First
Green Party*
ACT NZ
TOP**
Maori Party**
October 12, 1996*
ROY MORGAN POLL
Oct 2-15, 2017
Oct 30-Nov 12, 2017
Nov 27-Dec 10, 2017
*The 1996 Election was the first New Zealand Election contested via MMP (Mixed Member Proportional). At the 1996 Election the Greens Party contested as part of the "Alliance" political grouping with four other political parties.
**The Maori Party was launched in July 2004. The Opportunities Party (TOP) was launched in November 2016.
Two-Party Preferred: Labour Party-led Government vs. Parliamentary Opposition Parties
Labour Party-led Government
(Labour, NZ First, Greens)
Parliamentary Opposition Parties
(National & Act NZ)
Election, September 23, 2017*
ROY MORGAN NEW ZEALAND POLL
NZ First under leader Winston Peters decides to support Labour's Jacinda Ardern for PM
National elects new leader Todd Muller to replace Simon Bridges – May 22, 2020
Nationals elect new leader Judith Collins to replace Todd Muller – July 14, 2020
*At the 2017 NZ Election the National-led Government returned only two parties (National & Act NZ) who received 44.95% of the vote compared to 50.36% that went to the three Parliamentary Opposition Parties: Labour, NZ First and the Greens.
NEW ZEALAND: HEADING IN "RIGHT" OR "WRONG" DIRECTION?
Electors were asked: "Generally speaking, do you feel that things in New Zealand are heading in the right direction or would you say things are seriously heading in the wrong direction?"
NZ Roy Morgan Government Confidence Rating: Interviewing Dates (National Party Govt.)
June 8-21,
June 29-July 12,
Aug 3-16,
Aug 31-Sep 13,
Sep 28-Oct 11,
Oct 26- Nov 8,
Nov 23-Dec 6,
Right direction
Wrong direction
Roy Morgan GCR#
Jan 4-17,
Feb 1-14,
Feb 29-Mar 13,
Apr 4-17,
May 2-15,
May 30-June 12,
Jul 4-17,
Sep 5-18,
Oct 10-23,
Nov 7-20,
Nov 28-Dec 11,
Jan 30-Feb 12,
April 3-16,
May 29-Jun 11,
Jun 26-Jul 9,
July 31-Aug 13,
Oct 2-15,
NZ Roy Morgan Government Confidence Rating: Interviewing Dates (Labour Party Govt.)
Oct 30-Nov 12,
Browse our New Zealand Electorate Profiles.
PM Jacinda Ardern maintains 'crushing' lead over new National leader Judith ...
In July support for Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern's Labour Party was at 53.5% down 1% since June, but still more than double the support for National on 26.5%, down 0.5%, with just over a month to go before the election i...
PM Jacinda Ardern on track for easy re-election as National's leader Todd M ...
In June support for Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern's Labour Party was at 54.5% down 2% since May, but still more than double the support for National on 27%, up only 0.5%, two months before the election in mid-September.
New Zealand PM Jacinda Ardern has highest 'Net Trust Score' of all politica ...
A special Roy Morgan survey on 'Trust' and 'Distrust' of government leaders shows New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern scores the highest 'Net Trust Score' of all – meaning the &ls...
PM Jacinda Ardern ascendant as Labour support (56.5%) is now more than doub ...
In May in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, and amidst gradual re-opening of the NZ economy, support for Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern's Labour Party has soared to 56.5%. Labour Party support is up 1.5% since Ap...
New Zealand Electorate Profiles
This profile contains data that can help you understand your audience in terms of demographics, their attitudes to various important issues, how they spend their leisure time and what media they use. Nothing makes a more critical contribution to.....
New Zealand holiday visitor profile
What kind of person travels to New Zealand on holiday? This profile contains data to help you understand people who visited the Land of the Long White Cloud on holiday: their demographics, their attitudes, their leisure activities and their media consumption habits.


What are alternatives to Rosmiman Fleet Management?
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Thank you for visiting our website. Pure Water Solutions is a water purification company serving clients in the Auburn, Renton, & Kent, WA area. We install The Home Water Plant water filtration system and offer helpful resources about water safety.


Drama@Midstream is an extra-mural drama club where aspiring actors in Midstream College enjoy the opportunity to develop their acting talents on stage. Actors must attend auditions early in the year and attend weekly rehearsals to prepare them for stage productions. In 2018 an Afrikaans and English drama were performed with great success. We participated in the National Eisteddfod, SOAP festival, Op die Planke Toneelfees and ATKV-Tienertoneel. Both our drama groups went through to the national rounds for two of these competitions. The 2019 productions will also partake in competitions during the year. Auditions for the new 2019 productions will be held early in the first term. Auditions must not be missed, because 2019 promises to be a drama filled year.


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Amazing how our minds can take us back thirteen years and replay the day with near-perfect clarity, as if we're re-living the day. I still remember having no idea what everyone was talking about and wondering why the librarians were being so stuffy about not letting the kids outside see what they were watching through the windows. As a sixth grader, I was more interested in playing than stressing over librarians. I didn't find out until I got home what had happened.
Now, as a 24-year-old mother of two, I understand the significance of that day. I hold my daughters a little tighter and kiss their faces with tears welling up in my eyes, in grief for the lives lost, and in gratitude for the service rendered.
Because I live in America, I can dream about what my girls will do, and wake up to find out.


If you are in Lima, you might want to explore some of the neighborhoods that dot the city. Lima is known for its popular suburbs such as Barranco, Chorrillos and others but many travelers often miss San Isidro. San Isidro is a major financial centre that was established in 1930. This suburb is inhabited mostly by upper class Peruvians and many important banks and museums have their offices here. Read more..
Chorrillos is located on southern portion of Lima-Callao metropolitan area. The place was established as a beach resort in 1824 and today it's well-known for its beach resorts, private clubs, art sanctuaries and restaurants. Lima's most popular public beaches Agua Dulce and La Herradura are located here. And probably, that's why Chorrillos stands for "trickle of water" in Spanish. Read more..


PSG can wrap up Ligue 1 title by avoiding defeat at Stade Pierre-Mauroy. The Old Lady of Turin will clinch their 35th league title if they earn a point at Stadio Paolo Mazza when Juventus play Spal in week 32 fixture.
Der Klassiker also known as the German Clasico has an extra motivation for this one as it could be the title decider in Germany between leaders Borussia Dortmund and current champions Bayern Munich at the Allianz Arena with two points separating both teams…..
Will Liverpool ride their luck enroute the Premier League title?
Impossible is just a big word thrown around by small men who find it easier to live in the world they've been given than to explore the power they have to change it. I strongly presume this must be stamped inside Pep Guardiola's office at Etihad campus – Manchester City training ground.


text:
Paul Barry
Born and educated in England, award-winning investigative reporter and bestselling author Paul Barry studied Politics, Philosophy and Economics at Oxford University.
A journalist with the BBC for ten years, he came to Australia in 1987 to work for the ABC's 'Four Corners', where one of his hardest-hitting reports was on multi-millionaire Alan Bond. This led to his first bestseller, The Rise and Fall of Alan Bond. Since then, his books have dominated the bestseller lists. His second book, The Rise and Rise of Kerry Packer, was the top-selling biography of the 1990s. He followed up with Going for Broke, the story of how Alan Bond hid his fortune, and then revealed how the Packers and Murdochs lost $950m in One.Tel in Rich Kids.
Paul Barry's work as a journalist has won numerous awards, including a Walkley in 2001 for an expose on tax-dodging barristers. He is a former host of the ABC's 'Media Watch' and Channel 7's 'Witness'. He has also reported for Channel 9's 'A Current Affair' and '60 Minutes', written for the Sydney Morning Herald and presented 'Breakfast' on Radio National.
Books by Paul Barry
Rise & Rise Of Kerry Packer 'uncut'
Rise & Fall Of Alan Bond


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The Mexican Taekwondo Federation (FMTKD) reported that about fifteen competitors are already located in Asia and are getting ready to refine details ahead of the World Championships as the Canadian and Switzerland Opens, both score points for the WTF World Ranking.
It is important to remember that Mexico will host the 21st (14th Women's) World Taekwondo Championships, Puebla 2013 and due to their history they must be stars in their own country and worldwide, Aztecs were unable to access to any podium in the previous version of this event.
The strategy for the Taekwondo National Team changed radically since the trips to the Opens were cancelled and this was for a very good reason. Initially the Federation announced that the Taekwondo National Team was planning to travel and assist to the U.S.,German and Dutch Opens; However, from these three trips only the first one took place, which was the U.S. Open in Las Vegas, the rest were cancelled because Germany and Holland do not count as points for the World Ranking.
The Aztec team will remain in South Korea until April 20 and towards the end of this month they will take part in a G1 Canadian championships which provides Ranking points. Later on the National Teams will travel to Switzerland, to another similar G1 championships. After the trip to Switzerland, the Mexican Taekwondo Federation will make a decision according to its rules and history and will decide who will represent Mexico in World Taekwondo Championships, Puebla 2013 to be held in July.
masTaekwondo.com Team
en.mastaekwondo.com


A security problem with Wi-Fi networks has been discovered. Wifi is everywhere : chances are you use it at home and at work. And this time, it's not even about the dangers of open, unsecured networks : WPA2, the standard encryption protocol for all secured networked has been breached.
The problem is that an attacker physically near you can now eavesdrop your traffic if it's not further encrypted (by a VPN for example).
However, not all platform are impacted in the same way : Android and Linux are now most at risk. Fortunately there's something you can do (or will be able to doo soon) : installing security updates.
A group of security researchers released details about a vulnerability in WPA2, the security protocol used in most password-protected Wi-Fi networks. As with all security flaws, it allows a malicious actor to perform attacks (called KRACKs, for key reinstallation attacks) to read the information circulating between your computer and the router, that is to say the wireless access point you're connected to access the internet.
Usually, information is encrypted with WPA2 AES or TKIP, but some flaws have been discovered in the system itself, that allow attackers to "steal sensitive information such as credit card numbers, passwords, chat messages, emails, photos, and so on" according to the researchers' website.
You shouldn't think that this only impacts old devices : Windows, Android, Linux, Apple, OpenBSD, Mediatek (maker of phone platforms), Linksys, Netgear... the list of affected product is virutally endless.
In some cases, it is even possible for the attacker to modify unencrypted websites (website without HTTPS in front of their address) to inject malware and in particular ransomware.
Technically, the attack is against what is called the handshake, that is is to say the process where you device talks to the router to authenticate.
An attacker can copy your WPA2-protected network by impersonating the MAC address of your router, and changing its WiFi channel. This new, fake network acts as a "man in the middle" (MiTM attack) so when a device attempts to connect to your real router's wifi network, it can be forced to bypass it and connect to the rogue, fake one.
In a KRACK (key reinstallation attack), the attacker trick you into reinstalling an already-in-use key. It can be done by modifying and replaying (resending) cryptographic handshake messages.
When a key is reused, the the incremental transmit packet number and replay counter (receive packet number) are basically reset.
If your router is using either the WPA-TKIP or GCMP encryption protocols, instead of AES-CCMP, the practical impact is even worse. With these encryption protocols, nonce reuse enables an adversary to "not only decrypt, but also to forge and inject packets", thus making the injection of ransomware a possibility.
The only way to protect yourself is to apply security updates to your devices, and (now comes the difficult part) to your router.
The Linux patch is already available, but OEMs (device makers) need to manually modify them with their cutomizations before releasing new versions of their products's firmware.
The problem is that usually, you cannot update your ISP's modem/router. More often than not, the router included with your subscription cannot be updated by the end-user (you).
However, if you have you own router, don't forget to check for updates regularly in its web interface. You can usually access it by typing something like 192.168.0.1 in your browser address bar. Please refer to the website of your device maker for further information, as this varies from one brand to another.
The firmware update will force your router to require a dedicated certificate for each handshake, instead of relying on one that has already been generated.


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Find files faster. Use the touch-sensitive slider to explore Windows Vista folders and images quickly and precisely.
Convenient hot-keys instantly open applications, games, folders, or web pages. To customize, simply hold down the desired hot-key with a long press.
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Scroll horizontally or vertically. Click the wheel to move effortlessly between documents in 3D with Windows Vista. It has never been easier to cut and past between applications, compare documents, or check email.
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March 25, 2015, 8:00 pm ET - Senate amendment proposed (on the floor): Amendment SA 402 proposed by Senator Enzi for Senator Johnson.
March 25, 2015, 8:00 pm ET - Amendment SA 402 proposed by Senator Enzi for Senator Johnson. (consideration: CR S1980-1981; text: CR S1980-1981) To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to improving information sharing by the Inspector General of the Department of Veterans Affairs with respect to investigations relating to substandard health care, delayed and denied health care, patient deaths, other findings that directly relate to patient care, and other management issues of the Department.
March 26, 2015, 8:00 pm ET - Senate amendment agreed to: Amendment SA 402 agreed to in Senate by Unanimous Consent.
March 26, 2015, 8:00 pm ET - Amendment SA 402 agreed to in Senate by Unanimous Consent.


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The Government must recognise the value of social workers
By Blair McPherson | 22 March 2017
The Department of Health and Association of Directors of Adult Social Services have issued an advice note which recognises the 'essential' contribution of social work, sort of.
This is about the future of social workers working with adults in an integrated health and social care service. The paper doesn't recognise social work as a unique contribution, just clarifies what the government and apparently social work directors think social workers should be doing. As a former social worker and former director, I don't disagree with what's included in the role. My concern is what isn't included.
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Full website content includes additional, exclusive commentary and analysis on the issues affecting local government.
Childrens services Health Whitehall Social Care Adult social care Social workers ADASS
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text:
A Number of Stories
By Jake Johnson
Most of the fiction of teenaged author Jake Johnson. More
A collection of most of the fiction of Jake Johnson, who's been writing "professionally" for over a year. Includes several stories not previously published.
These stories are mostly flash fiction, running the gamut from Horror to SF to Weird to Experimental. Some are worth remembering, and some are the stumblings of a writer new to the craft. After all, you've got to start somewhere.
For more of Jake's work as an author and editor, go to http://experimentsinwords.wordpress.com/
First 100% Sample: Online Reader
You set the price! USD
Category: Fiction » Anthologies » Short stories - single author
Published: Nov. 22, 2012
Tags: horror anthology science fiction collection flash fiction microfiction teenage experimental weird fiction jjj jake johnson
About Jake Johnson
A seventeen-year-old freelance writer and professional editor, Jake J. Johnson is not using a pseudonym. Starting to read at any early age, he built up college-level reading comprehension on a steady diet of imaginative SF and horror before entering high school. It was around this time that he discovered a talent for writing, and, shortly thereafter, another for editing.
He is rather disenchanted by novels which appear in English curricula, and much prefers newer, original stories created using recent media. For example, the interactive stories told through the video games "The Stanley Parable" and "Dear Esther", the concept of the "light novel", and the community-told story of "The Fear Mythos". He much prefers looking to the future to studying the past.
His favorite novel is both Neal Stephenson's "Snow Crash" and Lawrence Miles' "This Town Will Never Let Us Go", and his favorite short story is Isaac Asimov's "The Last Question".
His ultimate goal is to become an anthology and manuscript editor at ACE, ROC, TOR, or DAW. For now, he's content with gaining a hold on the world of publishing.
Learn more about Jake Johnson
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Owning a business we rely on USPS for client payments. There does not seem to be a schedule for mail delivery. We usually only get mail delivered one Saturday a month. Most weeks we only get mail Monday through Thursday with Monday being a stuffed box. Some nights mail isn't delivered to 6 or 7 PM. Frustrating to say the least.
I called with a complaint regarding a new service provider. My call was answered promptly and with courtesy. Additionally my concerns were addressed within days. Professional and efficient postal service.
You are right! Phone is ALWAYS busy and you can't get in touch with them! Even said address is undeliverable and that is BS!


text:
Browse Articles » Business » Companies that Use Data Loggers
Companies that Use Data Loggers
by Madge Tech We Build Data Loggers
Any process that demands accuracy and precision from start to finish typically employs a data logger or data recorder of some type. It is necessary to accompany these recording devices with data logging software, which allows technicians to see quick readouts of key variables and trends. Data loggers are important tools in a wide variety of industries, especially where quality control and consistency are paramount.
The automotive industry uses data logging technology in its manufacturing facilities. Wireless temperature monitoring of diesel engines, for example, can help ensure that every engine leaving the plant meets state and federal emissions guidelines. Many passenger cars now come with devices similar to airplane "black boxes," which record vehicle performance and driver inputs (gas, brake, etc.), this is another example of how data logging is playing a role in our everyday lives.
Freight and passenger trains rely on data loggers as part of safety and maintenance protocols. Strategically placed devices can record the shock and g-forces that train cars undergo as they move along a section of track. When forces reach a certain level, it may indicate problems with the track itself. Manually inspecting every mile of track would be a logistics nightmare; data logging software can pinpoint trouble areas for technicians before any accidents happen.
Few industries have the exacting requirements for quality and precision of the pharmaceutical industry. Data loggers positioned at every stage of drug manufacturing can record variables including, but not limited to, temperature, humidity, pH and density. Many of these parameters are key in production, storage and sterilization needs. These readings can then be transmitted to a workstation for monitoring and analysis. Likewise, records can be stored indefinitely to provide proof of regulatory compliance and quality manufacturing standards.
The safety and reliability of the human food supply depends upon unparalleled quality control. The meat and food industries rely upon data loggers during the cooking of meat. Temperature loggers can guarantee that the meat reaches the appropriate internal temperature. Likewise, during storage and shipping, all food must be kept within certain environmental parameters. Ambient temperature and humidity data loggers keep a close watch on these parameters and alert workers when there's a problem.
Data loggers have applications in the sciences as well. Meteorologists use temperature monitoring systems to create a snapshot of observed weather data across an entire region. Sophisticated, solar-powered data loggers can record a huge number of environmental variables, from wind speed and humidity to barometric pressure and atmospheric pollution. Climate scientists rely on CO2 data loggers positioned around the world to keep tabs on the mix of atmospheric gases. When powerful tropical storms threaten populated coastlines, specialized data loggers called dropsondes are dropped into the storm from high above, these are essentially a data logger with a parachute used for profiling. These devices help researchers understand the mechanics of storms and issue appropriate warnings to affected residents.
Research and development departments everywhere use data loggers, among other precision instruments, to provide proof of concept or indicate the need for a new approach. Scientific experiments, for example, require that results be recorded with accuracy throughout repeated trials; not only that, recording instruments must be durable enough for long-term use in a variety of conditions and calibrated at specific intervals. High and low temperatures, chemicals and other harsh conditions are typical in laboratory test chambers. Data loggers for scientific research must therefore be extremely resilient while still being sensitive instruments.
Anywhere that accurate and recordable measurements are necessary, data loggers have a place. For both manufacturers and consumers, data logging ensures consistency and quality of the highest order.
About Madge Tech We Build Data Loggers
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Joined APSense since, June 28th, 2013, From Warner, United States.
data logging software


Would you have guessed that we would find ourselves living in a country where a person can be fired for donating to support morality, even if it was six years ago? This is a private sector decision, so it is within the rights of the business to fire this person, yet we should all wonder if, or when, it might happen to us.
At the same time, we are now entering a chapter where bakeries, photographers and florists are losing the right to their own consciences by declining business. It appears that it's okay to fire the moral people but not okay to fire immoral people.
In another story last week, World Vision decided to hire homosexuals. After realizing their donors would withdraw funding from their organization, they reversed their decision. Now a board member for World Vision made news by resigning because she was angry that World Vision reversed it's position on homosexuality.
It is important to note that in one story, the board member chose to leave. In the other story, the board member was forced to leave. In both stories, the moral compass caused corporate upheaval and pointed to irreconcilable differences that created an impossible environment for the two philosophies to coexist.
The push to support perversion stems from the notion that the numbers are ever increasing. The propaganda machine is giving the impression that nearly everyone is obsessed with deviant behavior, so we need to change our policies and make accommodations for them. Real studies show that the actual number is around 1.7%.
What we need now is for the church to stand up and be a conscience for the nation. Morality is not hard to understand when we stick to the Biblical standard on which our nation was founded. This is "show time" for the church. This is the time to be brave, strong and clear.
Are we now subservient to the cultural Nazis? The Catholic Church has not been as vulnerable to cultural mutations as many Protestant denominations because its hierarchical structure allows for a more a cohesive and coherent baseline. Yet, another story emerged about a nun, who holds a doctorate degree, facing opposition at a Nashville Catholic High School for adhering to the correct teachings of the Church. My hope is that this is an isolated anomaly and the Church will not lose its own moorings.
This is not about private relationships. It's about how we define our standards of right and wrong. If we veer off the Biblical pattern, we are left to whatever 51% say is good. History has not been kind to civilizations who fell for this.
We don't need more laws; we need more virtue. Without a constituency base of those who want godliness, we are headed for more firings and hostility toward Christians or anyone who believes the Bible. On the other hand, we can do better, and we will, whenever we commit to reclaiming the principles on which our nation was formed. Our ideal is "One nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all".
Are we at a point where people are getting fired for holding beliefs? Today we talk with David Usher, President for the Center for Marriage Policy, as we discuss how a man was pressured to resign simply for donating to a cause he believed would strengthen his home state.
What kind of chilling effect will this have on your philosophical beliefs?
Join us today as we delve into these issues and more.


1. Механика и молекулярная физика.
1. Study of laser threshold temperature sensitivity in optically pumped epilayers // Phys. stat. sol. (c).- 2002.– Vol. 0.– No. 1.- pp. 479-482.
2. Spectral and temporal properties of diode-pumped Er,Yb: glass laser // Optics Communications, 252 (2005), pp. 301-306.
3. Bleaching effect in passive regions of powerful 1.02 µm. InGaAs/AlGaAs DQW laser diodes with ridged waveguide structure // J. Appl. Phys. B – 2008. – Vol. 90, No 3-4. – P. 471 – 476.
4.Титан-сапфировый лазер, накачиваемый излучением второй гармоники неодимового лазера с продольной диодной накачкой // Оптический журнал– 2009. – Т. 76, № 3. – С. 13 – 17.
5. Amplified spontanoues emission induced dynamics perculiarities of passively Q-swutched diode pumped erbium laser // Lithuanian Journal of Physics. – 2010. – Vol. 50, No. 4. – P. 413 – 418.


Washington, DC — Newly released documents indicate that several U.S. nuclear power plants are vulnerable to dam-induced flooding with catastrophic results, including core meltdown and massive public exposure to radiation byproducts, according to Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER). The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has been slow to recognize the risks but has yet to require plant operators to increase flood protections.
Despite knowing about the risk for 20 years, no protective steps have been taken. The NRC extended the original 2011 deadline for Duke to take any protective steps back to 2016.


text:
Q: Android increasing database performance Well I hava a listview and if clicked a listview element a Viewpager openning to show content.
both listview and Viewpager are same adaptor which is coming from database.
The problem is: when viewpager openning it needs to create same list adaptor to use.
How can I use Listview's list for viewpager without creating again and again.
I take this codes from Big Nerd's book:
This is listfragment:
public class framelist extends ListFragment {
@Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        TestAdapter mDbHelper = new TestAdapter(getActivity());
        mDbHelper.createDatabase();
        mDbHelper.open();
        List<element> mElements = mDbHelper.getTestData();

This is Viewpager FragmentActivity
public class CrimePagerActivity extends FragmentActivity {
@Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mViewPager = new ViewPager(this);
        mViewPager.setId(R.id.viewPager);
        setContentView(mViewPager);

        TestAdapter mDbHelper = new TestAdapter(this);
        mDbHelper.createDatabase();
        mDbHelper.open();
        mElements = mDbHelper.getTestData();

And this is Viewpager fragment:
public class CrimeFragment extends Fragment {
@Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setHasOptionsMenu(true);
        mNum2 = (int) getArguments().getInt("num");

        TestAdapter mDbHelper = new TestAdapter(getActivity());
        mDbHelper.createDatabase();
        mDbHelper.open();
        List<element> mElements = mDbHelper.getTestData();
        melement = mElements.get(mNum2);

A: What are you trying to achieve by showing the same content in both list as well as viewpager
Anyway, in your CrimePagerActivity instead of recreating a list again, why not copy the contents to the list
List<element> newList = mDbHelper.getTestData();
mElements.clear();
mElements..addAll(newList);

One more advice, your subject says increasing db performance , but you are asking all about list
Follow singleton pattern for DB and donot create new DB everytime, and make sure you synchronize any calls to db

A: I suggest you use the Loader framework in order to query things. If nothing else, refer to my answer to similar question, it provides some very relevant links, that could help you in your case study.
One more hint: if you just use straightforward approach, which is "query database through OpenSqliteDbHelper instance from your Activity", you have to be very careful and take care about your app lifecycle and Cursor's lifecycle management. And of course, it is very hard to improve performance, if you use such approach. All these problems disappear like magic if you use the suggested Loader approach, as it persist data on configuration change and you do not have to query your data again and again.
One more hint: if you choose to use the straightforward (that is, without Loader) approach, make sure you query your data on a separate thread. That will keep your UI from being frozen.
Similar questions were already asked and answered here, use search, if nothing else

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