text:
\section{Introduction}

During their outbursts, black-hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs) exhibit  a
characteristic hysteresis curve in a hardness-luminosity diagram
\citep{miyamoto95,homan01,belloni05,homan05,gierlinski06,remillard06,fender09,motta09,belloni10,munoz-darias11a,stiele11}.
As the luminosity increases during an outburst, the sources exhibit a range of
characteristic states, which, in the classification of \citet{belloni05}, are
referred to as: quiescent, hard, hard-intermediate, soft-intermediate, and
soft.   As the luminosity decreases over the decline of an outburst, the states
are traced back in the opposite order.

During the rise of an outburst, a compact jet is always seen in the first three
states. By the soft intermediate state, a jet had previously been suspected to
be present  but it is confirmed that it has been observed \citep{russell20}.
In the soft state, the jet disappears.

As the luminosity decreases, the jet is suspected to have been re-established in
the soft intermediate state, while it is detected  in the hard intermediate
state \citep{corbel13}.  Near the end of  the hard intermediate state, the jet
becomes compact and stays so  in the hard and the quiescent states.

These BHXRBs exhibit three types of low-frequency quasi periodic oscillations
(QPOs), A, B, and C \citep{wijnands99,casella05,motta12}. Here, we concentrate
on the type-B QPOs, which are seen only in the soft intermediate state.  The
characteristic frequency of the type-B QPOs is in the  relatively narrow range
of 1 - 6 Hz \citep{motta11}, while at high-flux intervals, the range becomes
even narrower (4 - 6 Hz) \citep{casella04,motta11}.

\citet{kylafis15} speculated that Type-B QPOs are associated  with the last
"gasps" of the jet in the rising part of an outburst and with the
re-establishment of the jet in the declining part.   This idea was supported by
the observational fact that  the type-B QPOs are stronger in low-inclination
sources \citep{motta15}.

\citet{stevens16} performed phase-resolved  spectroscopy of the type-B QPOs in
GX 339-4.  They found that the photon-number spectral index $\Gamma$ varies
sinusoidally  from $\sim 2.3$ to $\sim 2.6$ with the QPO frequency, $\nu = 5.2$
Hz.  They   suggested that these variations can be explained with a precessing
jet.

It is generally assumed that the hard X-ray power law with  photon index
$\Gamma$ in BHXRBs is produced by Compton upscattering of soft photons. The soft
photons come from the thin disk \cite[][hereafter SS-disk]{shakura73} and they
are  Comptonized in the corona \citep{esin97,done07}. The corona is naturally
taken to be the hot inner flow, that is, the flow inside the SS-disk, which is
geometrically thick and optically thin \citep{narayan94,narayan95}.

This picture, however, neglects the fact that the jet is fed from the hot
inner flow and there is no boundary between the two.
Thus, soft photons from the SS-disk
may initially be scattered in the corona, but most of them cannot
escape without entering the jet and being scattered there.  Since
photons forget their past history after a few scatterings, it is the
Comptonization in the jet that determines the observed $\Gamma$
\citep{reig03,giannios04,giannios05,kylafis08,reig15,kylafis18,reig18}.

In \citet{reig19}, we showed that the observed photon index $\Gamma$ depends on
the inclination angle of  the source.  If we could see the same source from
different directions,  the spectra would become softer  (i.e., with larger
$\Gamma$) as the inclination angle increases  \citep[see Fig. 6 in][]{reig19}.
But this is exactly what would also happen for a source, with a fixed  viewing
angle, if the hard X-rays come from the jet and the jet is  precessing. For this
reason, we examine in this letter how  $\Gamma$ depends on the viewing angle and
we quantitatively explain the  periodic variation of $\Gamma$ found by
{\citet{stevens16}.  In \S\ 2 we briefly discuss our model, in \S\ 3 we present
the results of  our calculations, in \S\ 4 we discuss our work, and in \S\ 5 we
give our  conclusions.

\section{Jet model}

For our calculations, we used a simple jet model, which was previously
presented  in \citet{reig19}.  Here we describe it briefly.

The model assumes a parabolic jet,
as the observations suggest \citep{asada12,kovalev20},
with an acceleration zone near its base
and constant flow beyond it.  The parabolic
shape of the jet implies that the
radius of the jet as a function of distance from the black hole is
given by $R(z)=R_0 (z/z_0)^{1/2}$, where $z_0$ and $R_0$ denote
the distance of the base of
the jet from the black hole and the radius of the jet, respectively.
As in our previous work, the acceleration zone is taken to be between
$z_0=5R_g$ and $z_1=50R_g$, where $R_g=GM/c^2$ is the gravitational radius.
The flow speed in the jet is again taken to be
$v_{\parallel}(z)=(z/z_1)^{1/2}v_0$, for $z \le z_1$ , and
$v_{\parallel}(z)=v_0=0.8 c$ for $z>z_1$.
The electron density $n_e(z)$
in the jet is determined from the continuity equation
and for $z>z_1$ , it falls to $n_e(z) \sim 1/z$.
The distribution of the electrons in Lorentz $\gamma$
in the jet is assumed to be a steep
power law, thus, most of the electrons have $\gamma = \gamma_{\rm min} =
1/\sqrt{1-(v_{\parallel}^2 +v_{\perp}^2)}$, where $v_{\perp}=0.4c$ is the
perpendicular component of the electron velocity in the jet.

We parametrize our models either with the Thomson optical depth,
$\tau_{\parallel}$ , along the axis of the jet
or with the radius $R_0$ at the base of the jet.
The rest of the parameters are kept at the constant values given above.
Since the jet
in the soft intermediate state is very weak, the values of $\tau_{\parallel}$
are relatively small.  The perpendicular Thomson optical depth
in the jet at height, $z,$ is
$\tau_{\perp}(z)= n_e(z) \sigma_T R(z)$, where $n_e(z)$ is the
electron number density at a height, $z,$ in the jet, which can be determined
from the continuity equation if $\tau_{\parallel}$ is given.

Soft blackbody photons ($kT_{bb}=0.2$ keV) from the SS-disk enter  the jet at
its base and their random walk in the jet is followed by a Monte Carlo code.
The model and the code have been used for many years with many successes.  In
particular, the model explains the spectra of BHXRBs from radio to hard X-rays
\citep{giannios05}, the time lag versus Fourier frequency \citep{reig03}, the
narrowing of the autocorrelation function with photon energy \citep{giannios04},
the correlation between time lag and photon index $\Gamma$
\citep{kylafis08,kylafis18,reig18}, the correlation between cutoff energy
and phase lag \citep{reig15}, and the inclination dependence of the
correlation between time lag and $\Gamma$ \cite{reig19}.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[angle=0,width=8cm]{QPO_fig1.eps}
\caption{
Emergent spectrum from the jet in three direction bins.
}
\label{Fig1}
\end{figure}

\section{Results}

We performed Monte Carlo calculations for the radiative transfer
of blackbody photons in the jet and computed the
emergent spectra as a function of the angle $\theta$ between the
line of sight and the jet axis.

The spectra are power laws with photon index $\Gamma$ and
have a high-energy cutoff.
In Fig. 1, we show a representative example of
the emergent spectra from the jet
($\tau_{\parallel} = 2.5, R_0=100R_g$),
in three direction bins:
$0.8 < \cos \theta < 1.0$ (dot-dashed line),
$0.3 < \cos \theta < 0.8$ (dashed line), and
$0.0 < \cos \theta < 0.3$ (solid line).
We have normalized the spectra by the flux at 0.7 keV to emphasize
the change in the slope at high energies.
It is clear from this figure
that the photon index $\Gamma$ of the power law depends
on the direction of observation.

In Fig. 2, we show model results of $\Gamma$ versus
$\cos \theta$ for various values of $R_0$ and a fixed value of
$\tau_{\parallel}= 2.5$.
We see more quantitatively than in Fig. 1
that the photon index $\Gamma$ has a strong dependence on the viewing
angle $\theta$.  The spectra have $\Gamma$s that range from
$\sim 2.2$ to $\sim 3.1$,
consistent with the observations in the soft intermediate state.  For
low values of $\theta$ (i.e., for sources seen face-on), the spectra are
relatively hard ($2.2 \simless \Gamma \simless 2.3$).
For values of $\theta$ near $\pi/2$, the spectra are
significantly softer and $\Gamma$ ranges from $\sim 2.6$ to $\sim 3.1$.
This requires a qualitative explanation.

Let us consider a "static" Comptonizing spherical cloud of optical  depth of
$\tau,$ equaling a few units, and seed photons coming in from   outside, along
the diameter.  The first scattering occurs, on average, one mean-free path into
the cloud, that is, optical depth equal to one from the surface. There, they
scatter isotropically, but after that,  the photons see an optical depth of
$2\tau-1$ in the forward direction (the direction of entrance), $\sim 1$ in the
backward direction, and intermediate optical depths at intermediate directions.
Given the velocity distribution of the electrons, the photon index  produced by
Comptonization depends only on the optical depth. Therefore, photons that emerge
in the forward direction would have scattered  more times than those in the
backward direction.  As a result, the spectra are harder (smaller $\Gamma$) in
the forward direction and they soften monotonically from the forward to the
backward direction. Thus, even if the jet had no bulk velocity, the emergent
spectra would be  harder in the forward direction because the seed photons enter
at the base of the jet. This effect is enhanced if there is significant bulk
motion because the  photons are ``pushed'' in the forward direction by the
flow.  We have found, based on our jet model, that the photons that have
scattered the largest number of times in the jet come out preferentially in the
forward direction.

Another result shown in Fig. 2 is that
as the radius $R_0$ increases, the spectra become harder (smaller
$\Gamma$).  This is because the perpendicular optical depth $\tau_{\perp}$
increases and as a result, the soft photons are trapped in the jet
and scatter more times.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[angle=0,width=8cm]{QPO_fig2.eps}
\caption{
Model results for the relation between the photon index $\Gamma$
and the observation angle $\theta$ for $\tau_{\parallel}= 2.5$ and
various values of $R_0$.
The two horizontal dotted lines place bounds on the range $2.3 < \Gamma < 2.6$
and the two vertical dotted lines place bounds on the range $45 \pm 15$ degrees.
High-inclination systems are on the left and low-inclination ones
are on the right
}
\label{Fig2}
\end{figure}

The two horizontal dotted lines give the range of $\Gamma$ as seen by
\citet{stevens16} in GX 339-4 in the periodic variation of $\Gamma$ with the
type-B QPO frequency.  The inclination angle of GX 339-4 is believed to be $\sim
45$ degrees \citep{shidatsu11,furst15}.  Thus, the two vertical dotted lines
allow for a precession angle of 15 degrees.  The bounds in $\Gamma$ and $\cos
\theta$ place significant constraints on the models.  For $\tau_{\parallel}=
2.5$ and the fixed values of the other parameters discussed in \S\ 2,
precessing jets with $R_0 \approx 100 R_g$ may explain  the periodic variation
of $\Gamma$ with the type-B QPO frequency.

In Fig. 3, we show model results of $\Gamma$ versus $\cos \theta$ for
various values of $\tau_{\parallel}$ and $R_0=100 R_g$.
The curves have the same morphology as in Fig. 2.  As $\tau_{\parallel}$
increases, so does $\tau_{\perp}$, and the spectra become harder.
Not surprisingly, the bounds in $\Gamma$ and $\cos \theta$ select
models close to the ones selected in Fig. 2, namely $R_0 = 100 R_g$
and $\tau_{\parallel} \approx 2.5$.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[angle=0,width=8cm]{QPO_fig3.eps}
\caption{
Model results for the relation between the photon index $\Gamma$
and the observation angle $\theta$ for $R_0= 100 R_g$ , and
various values of $\tau_{\parallel}$.
The horizontal and vertical dotted lines have the same significance as in Fig. 2.
}
\label{Fig3}
\end{figure}

\section{Discussion}

Their X-ray spectra and time variability are the two main observational quantities
in BHXRBs. A lot of effort has been put into explaining these quantities
and building models that reproduce them satisfactorily.

The spectra
alone do not place significant constraints on the models, either on
the geometry or on the type of electrons, whether thermal or
non-thermal.  Given enough freedom on the geometry, the optical
depth, and the distribution of electron velocities, practically
any observed X-ray spectrum can be reproduced.  In other words,
the X-ray spectra of BHXRBs are infinitely degenerate and, by
themselves, they cannot uniquely constrain any physical parameters.

On the contrary, time variability properties (e.g., the properties
of QPOs, time lags, power-spectra, etc.) can place significant constrains
on theoretical models. One such time-variability property is the one
we study in this work, which was first published by \citet{stevens16}.
They performed
phase-resolved spectroscopy on the type-B QPOs in GX 339-4 and they
showed that the shape of the hard X-ray spectrum varies with the
QPO phase.  In particular, the photon-number spectral index
$\Gamma$ varies sinusoidally with the QPO frequency.
Rather intuitively, \citet{stevens16} proposed that this
variation of $\Gamma$ is due to a precessing jet.

The above proposal, along with the fact that Comptonization in a jet results in
direction-dependent energy spectra \citep{reig03,reig19}, have led us to a
quantitative investigation of  the dependence of $\Gamma$ with the QPO phase in
the range of $2.3 \le \Gamma \le 2.6$. For an inclination angle of $\theta = 45$
degrees for GX 339-4, we find that precession of the jet, resulting in
observational direction variation in the range of $30 < \theta < 60$ degrees,
can  quantitatively explain type-B QPOs.

We searched the parameter space for $R_0$ and $\tau_{\parallel}$
and found that if $R_0 \approx 100 R_g$ and
$\tau_{\parallel} \approx 2.5$ then a precessing jet can explain the variation of $\Gamma$
observed by \citet{stevens16}.
It is beyond the scope of the present letter to undertake
an extensive search for the other parameters,
however, we can attest to the following.
Our results are insensitive to the value
of the temperature, $T_{bb}$ , of the blackbody photons.
The case is similar for the parameter,
$z_0$, which denotes the distance of the base of the jet from the
black hole.  This, however, will not be the case if general relativistic
effects are taken into account.
The width $z_1 - z_0$ of the acceleration
zone is not a crucial parameter either.  In contrast,
our results are sensitive to ${v_0}$ and
$v_{\perp}$ and their values cannot stray too far from the
ones that we used in this study.
As $v_0$ decreases, the spectra become less anisotropic and, therefore,
the variation of $\Gamma$ with $\cos \theta$ is weaker. The opposite
happens when $v_0$ increases.
A small variation of $v_{\perp}$, on the other hand, can be accommodated
by a corresponding variation of $\tau_{\parallel}$.
For example, a 10\% increase in $v_{\perp}$
can be accommodated by a similar decrease in $\tau_{\parallel}$.

The results presented in this work, as well as the
results from our previous works
\citep{reig03,giannios04,giannios05,kylafis08,reig15,kylafis18,reig18,reig19},
show that
Comptonization in the jet is a major source of the hard X-ray photons emitted by BHXBs.
In the quiescent, hard, hard-intermediate, and soft-intermediate states,
a compact jet is fed from the corona.
Thus, a significant fraction
of the soft photons that enter the corona to be Comptonized
cannot escape without entering the jet and also being scattered there.

In addition to the explanation of the spectral variations in type-B QPOs,  our
jet model can  explain several observations and a number of correlations.  For
example, it can explain the correlation  between $\Gamma$ and time lags in GX
339-4 \citep{kylafis18}.  Such a correlation may actually be omnipresent in
BHXRBs  \citep{reig18}. This result cannot be explained by the propagating
fluctuations model \citep{lyubarskii97,kotov01,arevalo06,rapisarda17}, which
also provides a physical description of the time lags in BHXRBs.  It is possible
that this mechanism may take place in accretion flows, because fluctuations are
inevitable, but  no correlation between  $\Gamma$ and time lags would be
expected in this case because the timescale of propagating fluctuations is
determined by the properties of the accretion flow, while $\Gamma$ is determined
by the  optical depth and the temperature of the corona. On the other hand, time
lags due to Comptonization seem unavoidable, when there is a jet, because the
jet is situated above and below the corona. Finally, we note that our model not
only explains  existing correlations, but it also predicts new ones. Our jet
model predicts that a correlation between the break frequency  $\nu_{br}$ in
the  radio spectrum of GX 339-4 and the photon index $\Gamma$,  should be seen
during the rising part of a future outburst \citep{kylafis18}.

It seems appropriate to make some remarks regarding
similarities and dissimilarities between type-C and type-B QPOs.
In both, precession seems to play a central role, yet it
is widely accepted that two different mechanisms are involved in
these two types of QPOs \citep{motta11}.

For type-B QPOs, we have shown that they can be explained quantitatively with
Comptonization in a precessing jet. The precessing jet is fed from a  precessing
corona (hot inner flow) and we note that such a precessing jet has already been
seen in  general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations  \citep{liska18}.
Comptonization in the corona   can precede Comptonization in the jet, without
any significant  effect on the observed spectrum.   On the other hand, type-C
QPOs are nicely explained in a quantitative sense by Comptonization in a
precessing corona  \citep{ingram15,ingram16,ingram17,you18}, without any
involvement of the jet, which is definitely present.

Three questions naturally arise regarding
1) whether the jet is precessing when type-C QPOs are observed;
2) whether Comptonization is taking place in the jet when we see type-C QPOs;
3) why we do not see the precessing corona in type-B QPOs.

The answer to the first question is
probably yes, but unlike the type-B QPOs, for which the jet is narrow
(see below),
in type-C QPOs the jet is wide because the truncation radius is
relatively large in the hard and hard-intermediate states. Thus,
even if the bottom part of the jet is precessing, there is hardly any
variation in its observed emission.

With regard to the second question, in type-C QPOs, the variability
at the QPO frequency comes directly
from the precessing corona.  Any QPO signal that enters the
jet gets washed out because the light-travel time in the jet is much larger
than the period of the QPO.  Thus, Comptonization in the jet can happen, and
it almost certainly does, but
the QPO signal comes directly from the corona. It may be that the ratio of
the X-rays that are emitted by the corona and are not scattered by the jet
over the X-rays emitted after Comptonization in the jet is constant,
but the unscattered X-ray photons (in absolute number) from the corona,
when it is large in size, is large enough for the QPO signal to be detected.

In type-B QPOs on the other hand, the jet is narrow because the corona that
feeds it is very small.  This is because the truncation radius is close to
the inner stable circular orbit in the soft intermediate state.
Thus, the answer to the third question is that
the QPO signal from the precessing
corona is undetectably small and the variability in type-B QPOs comes
entirely from the precessing jet.
We note here that the jet does not need to precess
as a solid body.
We have found from our Monte Carlo code that the
upscattered photons reach, in their random walk in the jet,
a maximum height equal to a few times its radius, $R_0$.
Thus, only the bottom part of the jet needs to precess as a solid body.

In summary, the hard X-rays come from Comptonization in the corona
and the jet. In type-C QPOs, we are observing the precession of the corona,
whereas in type-B QPOs, we are observing the precession of the jet.

\section{Conclusion}

In conclusion, we are able to quantitatively explain
 the periodic variation of the
photon index $\Gamma,$ observed by \citet{stevens16} in
GX 339-4, as coming from a precessing jet.  The values of the parameters
that we use are reasonable for BHXRBs in the soft-intermediate state.

\begin{acknowledgements}
We thank the anonymous referee for asking critical questions, which helped
us in the qualitative discussion of our results.
We also thank Phil Uttley for a useful exchange of e-mails regarding
type-C QPOs.
\end{acknowledgements}

\bibliographystyle{aa}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: Search nearby in iOS Maps I am trying to build a simple application using MapKit that will automatically search for a specific place when the app launches and drop pin(s) on the map at the locations(s). I am seeing all sorts of ways to load locations (lat/lon, etc), but nothing that lets me search for a specific business name, restaurant name, etc.
I am expecting to work with Apple Maps. However, if Google Maps would be a better solve than so be it.
Any help would be appreciated. Thanks

A: iOS >= 6.1 provides MKLocalSearch, MKLocalSearchRequest to search for natural language points of interest. Sample
MKLocalSearchRequest *request = [[MKLocalSearchRequest alloc] init];
request.region = regionToSearchIn;
request.naturalLanguageQuery = @"restaurants"; // or business name
MKLocalSearch *localSearch = [[MKLocalSearch alloc] initWithRequest:request];
[localSearch startWithCompletionHandler:^(MKLocalSearchResponse *response, NSError *error) {
    // do something with the results / error
}];

A: i know its late but hope this helps!
[super viewDidLoad];
[self.searchDisplayController setDelegate:self];
[self.ibSearchBar setDelegate:self];

self.ibMapView.delegate=self;

// Zoom the map to current location.
[self.ibMapView setShowsUserLocation:YES];
[self.ibMapView setUserInteractionEnabled:YES];
[self.ibMapView setUserTrackingMode:MKUserTrackingModeFollow];

CLLocationManager *locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
locationManager.delegate=self;

[locationManager startUpdatingLocation];
[self.ibMapView setRegion:MKCoordinateRegionMake(locationManager.location.coordinate, MKCoordinateSpanMake(0.2, 0.2))];

MKLocalSearchRequest *request = [[MKLocalSearchRequest alloc] init];
request.region = self.ibMapView.region;
request.naturalLanguageQuery = @"restaurant";

[UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible = YES;
localSearch = [[MKLocalSearch alloc] initWithRequest:request];

[localSearch startWithCompletionHandler:^(MKLocalSearchResponse *response, NSError *error){

    [UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible = NO;

    results = response;
    if (response.mapItems.count == 0)
        NSLog(@"No Matches");
    else
        for (MKMapItem *item in response.mapItems)
        {
            NSLog(@"name = %@", item.name);
            NSLog(@"Phone = %@", item.phoneNumber);

            [_matchingItems addObject:item];
            MKPointAnnotation *annotation =
            [[MKPointAnnotation alloc]init];
            annotation.coordinate = item.placemark.coordinate;
            annotation.title = item.name;
            [self.ibMapView addAnnotation:annotation];
        }
}];

}

A: Make the following steps to display nearest places.
Using google API find the Nearest Places Google Places API
The google API provide LAt and Long and address Informations.
Then Store the LAt and Long Values to Array then USing this lat and long values you can display Annotations in Apple map (iOS 6+) and Google Map (iOS 5).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
10 years later, 9/11 attacks still fresh for some, grief counselors say
Amanda Pinto, Register Staff
Ten years have passed since the terrorist attacks of Sept 11, 2001, but, for many people, it's still Sept. 12, 2001, area grief counselors say.
Even those who have been able to move forward with their lives may find that a smell or sound can trigger a memory that brings back their traumatic grief.
"There is still a need to address the needs of this community; they haven't gone away. The challenges have only evolved, and I think that that is a misconception people have, that it's 10 years later and people should be 'over it,'" said Michelle Doherty, a Branford resident and licensed clinical social worker at Voices of September 11th in New Canaan. "But I think it's the tip of the iceberg; we're just starting to see more survivors come forward" in need of services.
Survivors are not just those who were in New York City the day of the attacks or lost a loved one in the event -- people with no direct connection to Sept. 11 are still struggling, said Deb Delvecchio-Scully, executive director of the Connecticut Counseling Association, which recently held a conference centered on the skills mental health professionals need in addressing 9/11 issues.
"You have to think about 9/11 as an event that was unique to our entire society because of media. We're all, to some extent, traumatized because we saw those images again, again and again on the news," she said. "Whether or not they were a quote-unquote survivor, we were all survivors."
Mary Fetchet, director of Voices of September 11 and a former counselor at Bridges, A Community Support System Inc. in Milford, said she sees a "broad range" of progress through the bereavement process among 9/11 survivors.
"You see people that are very resilient make significant (changes), some women have remarried and had children," said Fetchet, whose son died in the attacks. "Then, on the other spectrum, you have people that it feels like Sept 12 for them still today, they haven't really been able to deal with grief.
"I think some of the critical things we still see are the need for information. Our phones ring off the hook, especially this time of year," she said.
Trauma is like a button that gets pushed, said Delvecchio-Scully, who lives in Hamden and has a practice in Fairfield. She sees people who are still tormented by what they witnessed that day 10 years ago.
"They have the symptoms of waiting for the next bad thing to happen. They present to a doctor's office with chronic pain, a headache, inability to sleep; they're afraid of going to sleep. ... Their symptoms show (us) what's going on with them," she said.
They're bothered by "images they saw, things like people getting on the train covered in debris, or getting into the parking lot at the train station and seeing cars that stay in the parking lot because those people never came home."
This type of traumatization is not rare, although those suffering might fear it is, counselors said.
"A lot of the people that I work with want to know that they're not alone. I get that question every single day," Doherty said.
Triggers for those traumatized by the event include reruns that depict the attacks on the twin towers or anniversary commemorations, said Doherty, who works with survivors, responders and recovery workers, facilitating discussion groups and connecting them with a wide range of services.
Emotions can also be brought up by other losses, important milestones and life moments, said Louisa Foss, an assistant professor in clinical mental health counseling at Southern Connecticut State University.
"There's no way to escape it, and I think that's one of the biggest challenges for people that are struggling to cope today," Delvecchio-Scully said.
In the wake of recent earthquakes and Hurricane Irene, some phone lines were jammed and people relived the cellphone blackout of 9/11, she said.
Doherty said for these and other reasons, the run-up to the 10th anniversary of the terrorist attacks is "much worse" for survivors than the five-year anniversary was.
The counseling response to the event has changed from immediate crisis counseling to helping those affected to weave their trauma into the fabric of their daily lives, Foss said.
"You're still seeing family issues, you're still seeing post-traumatic stress disorder, you're still seeing anxiety, you're still seeing depression," Doherty said.
Counselors too, have changed and evolved in the decade since the attacks.
"There weren't really major issues we had to address (before 9/11); we really had to move toward trauma competence. ... (We were) required to learn new skills, new ways of addressing issues, and, at the same time, learning to care for ourselves as we do it," Delvecchio-Scully said.
Foss said she was trained as an American Red Cross disaster mental health worker because of the 9/11 attacks, a tragedy "universal to all Americans."
"For counselors, it's a shared experience we can all relate to," Foss said. "I find in all my classes, I end up talking about it. It's important as far as basic (counseling) skills."
It also has been a learning experience for counselors that forms the way they deal with events like national disasters and mass shootings, Fetchet said.
"I really think of 9/11 and the scope of it much like the Holocaust, and we're really committed to continuing our work, recognizing that it's going to be intergenerational work," she said.
While counselors understand their 9/11 work is far from over, they say they hope people know help is still available where and when they need it. They also hope the general public will realize that the grief goes on.
"You don't need to be 'over it,'" Foss said of Sept. 11, 2001. "We as a culture, we're terrible at grief, there's a limited amount of time and you're supposed to move on. I'm concerned the 10-year anniversary might be that."
Contact Amanda Pinto at 203-789-5734. To receive breaking news first, simply text the word nhnews to 22700. Standard msg+data rates may apply.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Testament is G.C. Waldrep's fourth full length collection, not counting chapbooks and collaborations. Formally distinguishing itself from his previous work, Testament is presented as a single, long poem in sections whose nearly every line is left-justified and of equal measure. Provocatively, its most salient concern is with the possibility of "gender as a lyric form" (more about this in a moment). Alongside this stated ambition, the notes tell us that the poem was conceived as an "exploration and response" (146) to books by Lisa Robertson, Alice Notley, and Carla Harryman. Thus, a male poet, interrogating gender, responds to three female writers and calls this response Testament (read: bold). Intensifying this audacity and seriousness of intent, a prefatory note reveals that the book was originally drafted at Hawthornden Castle, during a three week stint in July 2009 while the poet was on a retreat. Given these facts, as well as the poem's length—142 pages—a reader would not be faulted for expecting a grand statement, perhaps even a manifesto. After all, everything about the book's circumstances seems framed with deliberate, nearly grandiose intent.
as seduced or displaced by time.
you think something has an end.
properly to bear at the wedding feast.
And yet the book is, in fact, filled with clues, and it does reward a certain kind of attention by summoning a handful of the poem's recurrent motifs into a kind of final pageant at the end (pageantry is also one of the motifs; see the opening passage quoted above). As such, the book is paradoxical, contradictory, and inexhaustible—and these are the marks of its genius. To some readers, this inexhaustibility may provoke frustration rather than wonder. And while my response undoubtedly tends more toward wonder, frustration—that is, an uncomfortable emotional and epistemological re-set in the face of incompletion and interruption—is an essential ingredient in this book. The magical irony of the work lies in the fact that attending to this frustration is immensely rewarding: through such attention, one's listening discovers a new idiom of extraordinary freedom, dexterity, and scope.
leisure options, chestnut geldings on the beach.
One reading of this would suggest that imagination, perceiving no limit, threatens to proliferate form in a kind of viral pageantry of representation (cf. "Viral, this severance"). This situation, as I understand it, results from the global, capitalizing imagination (more on this in a moment) that mimics what it has been severed from—namely the differentiated, gendered, mortal bodies which allow it to dwell within a scope capable of morality. When disembodied, imagination no longer has a home (cf. the aforementioned "come home"), but crosses distances—between bodies, places, territories, selves—in an endless attempt to incorporate, to contain, to complete. As counter to this tendency, the poem considers, in parentheses, "(A poetry that honors the distance / it transposes. Or subverts it. This, / then, the moral imagination.)" The idea, it seems, is this: a poetry of moral imagination would at the very least acknowledge and engage—through either subverting or honoring—the distance it crosses in translating phenomena into linguistic symbol. Such a poetry would not capitalize upon its material but enact an ecology or climate of troubled, incomplete reciprocity—it would be marked by transits, confusions, incursions, and movements in the between.
in this particular dialect, this alphabet.
in front of itself, as if it were a mask.
is over. Some people never notice.
has retired, fallen away, or disappeared.
title to—not much, it seems.
Here, the nation-state offers its protection—its asylum—and then incorporates its protected subject into a script wherein the state is an absolute point of view, a body of immense scale for which each protected subject is only an organ, or perhaps a nutrient. Here and elsewhere, the poet is haunted by the suspicion that we are all living within a totalizing system of representation—"You are surely in a movie somewhere. / To whom does one pray in such moments?" (77)—and that the other players (acrobats, ventriloquists, agents of "the city") will soon become apparent, or that the poet himself, and his poem, will be exposed as disposable signifiers in some all-digesting mimetic system.
rogue claimant under martial law.
in the labyrinth, and its dependencies.
Ultimately, Waldrep's poem seeks a way in which to morally imagine and inhabit our dependence upon other bodies, and its discovery—its revelation and testament—is that one's poem must in turn be inhabited and imagined by this dependency. Thus, the poem repeatedly opens itself up, vents, releases, incurs more and varied content, and bears the marks of it all: the seams are everywhere; it is a poem of seams. The poem acts as an endless receipt of things heard, taken in, mistaken, distorted, fought, and believed in. The poem's other's become articulate, and its speaker misreads other's poems: "Inside the created lies the uncreated. Outside, also." In its utterly singular way, regardless of the dissonance it incurs along the way, Testament effects this reciprocity between the world within the poem and the poem within the world. Waldrep has given something wonderful: a poem whose testament can be trusted because it allows us to doubt.
R.M. Haines was educated at Kenyon College and the University of California Irvine. He has received a Glenn Schaeffer Fellowship for his work and is currently a doctoral fellow at the University of North Texas. His poems have appeared in or are forthcoming from Salamander, Spoon River Poetry Review, Faultline, and Poets.org.


WHEN Lance Dann first met Cornelius Zane-Grey, he had no idea how intertwined their lives would become. Cornelius, says Dann, was "just one of those people you know from around town ... I'd bump into him at parties and that sort of thing".
Then Cornelius and his girlfriend, Lucinda, went missing. Dann, a British radio writer and producer, didn't think about them too much — he had never been close to them — until a strange package arrived in the mail. Inside was a paranoid note from Cornelius and a hard drive containing hundreds of audio files. "He sent it to me because he knew I worked in radio," Dann says.
As he listened to the files, which ranged from secret recordings to monologues to field recordings, he realised that he had to help Cornelius tell his story. The result is a gripping, interactive drama series called The Flickerman, airing locally on Radio National's Airplay program.
The series has already begun in Britain, although not everyone who has heard it realises Cornelius is a fictional character. "I do have some people say, 'Are you playing or is this real?"' Dann chuckles.
Here's how it works: audiences listen to each episode live to air or online at theflickerman.com. At various points, they will be asked to look at certain images on the photo-sharing website Flickr. They can also "friend" Cornelius on Facebook, view the The Flickerman Facebook page and even download a Flickerman iPhone application.
And because Cornelius now suspects Lucinda is in Australia, he is begging locals to look through their old photos and videos "for a blonde-haired woman". Should you find any potential evidence, you can share it with him by uploading it to the Flickerman page of ABC's content-sharing website, Pool (pool.org.au/content/flickerman).
Or you can simply sit back and listen.
"Lots of people bang on about things being interactive," Dann says, "but from the punters' point of view, they often can't be bothered. I know when I sit down to watch a film or a show, I'm thinking, 'Come on, entertain me!' I don't want any interaction. That's why this series — although it's interactive — doesn't depend on that. You can listen to it while you're folding the washing, if you like."
Yet the interactive aspects really do enhance the story. Dann has linked about a dozen Flickr photos to each episode. Some were taken at parties; others show nothing more than a row of cleaning products in a store. Each depicts — or at least hints at — a crucial narrative development.
"[Flickr] is great as a storytelling device because the listeners can access the internet at the same time," he says.
"You can find very beautiful pictures online but you can also find very banal pictures. I thought, 'Why go out and take my own when I can direct listeners to materials that are already there?' I think it creates a very immersive story."
The amateur quality of the images also appealed to Dann.
"I like that this project has a small-scale, gritty feel. In a way, it's anti the cleanliness and shininess of the online world. If you look at sites such as Second Life, everything is perfect, whereas Flickerman has this slightly real-world feeling. That's why the story involves Cornelius getting beaten up and is so messy and chaotic. And we did a lot of the audio recordings outside to give them a rougher, rawer quality."
Dann also weaves real-life events into the story, such as the giant Lego man that mysteriously appeared on a beach in the British seaside town of Brighton last year.
Not surprisingly, fans are pressuring him to create more episodes and he has been asked to turn the series into a novel.
It's the sort of project that could run for years, he says, except that he's keen to try something else. Not to mention the fact it relies on the goodwill of several actor friends, whom he pays a "shockingly small" fee. But he promises the series will have a proper ending, with the final episode likely to air in the middle of 2010.
Or he could turn it into a money-spinner.
"I should come up with a cunning funding plan," he jokes. "Maybe I'll have Lucinda get kidnapped and people could contribute to her ransom through PayPal — as long as I don't get arrested."
The Flickerman airs 12.05pm Wednesdays and is repeated at 3.05pm Sundays on Radio National.


This recipe seems easy enough, but often taken for granted when it comes to timing, word count and pronunciation prefrences by clients.
The first thing to consider when voicing numbers is timing. IF this is a commercial or a project that is strict to time it's very important you consider words as numbers, not as numbers.
A good writer will know that numbers are consider words, but many writers and clients have no idea what to consider for the voice talent. If you have to voice a phone number for example, (which in the commercial world is a complete waste of time usually. When was the last time you wrote down a phone number from a commercial?) the phone number is not one word: 604-459-5559. It's actually 10 words and yet only timed as one. Six Oh Four, Four Five Nine, Five Five Five Nine.
So it's very important you time it out before you begin to make sure this won't affect the timing of your project.
You must be careful here. A phone number is a call to action so as much as it shouldn't be there, it's very important that it's clear. So if the spot is over because of the phone number, don't compromise the 'call to action' by speeding it up so much that it's unclear. Find a creative way to speed up other parts of the spot so that you can give the phone number or 'call to action' it's needed attention and clarity.
There is something else to consider here as well. What is the clients preference for how they want the phone number or number read? Do they want each number individually read out as written above, or do they want you to group numbers together for a more natural read, or even to speed up the read a bit. For example you can read 604-459-5559 as 'Six Oh Four, Four Five Nine, Triple Five Nine. This only saves one word however, but when timing is crucial, it can make enough of a difference. Or if it's a 1-800 or 1-888 number, does the client want it as 'One Eight Hundred' or 'One Eight Zero Zero'.
This same consideration should be taken when it comes to dollar value numbers, but it gets even more complicated. I have a regular client that I voice for each week. This is a long term project and involves taxes and numbers throughout the script. It took some time to get the hang of what the client wanted for pronunciations for the variety of numbers. Not only are there dollar value amounts throughout, there are also percentages and other numbers that each require specific pronunciations from the client. Take a dollar value for instance; $1,545.00. One voicing option is 'One Thousand, Five Hundred and Forty Five', while another option is 'One Thousand, Five Hundred and Forty Five Dollars' and yet another option is 'One Thousand, Five Hundred, Forty Five (or Forty Five Dollars)', and then another preference could be 'Fifteen Hundred and Forty Five' or 'Fifteen Hundred, Forty Five Dollars' etc.
This also holds true for regular numbers and percentages. 10.55 % could be read as 'Ten point Five Five Percent,' or 'One Zero Point Five Five Percent,' or 'Ten Point Fifty Five Percent', etc.
As you can see there are many options here and it's up to you to find out what the client prefers. No matter what we think, it's up to them. In the beginning I didn't ask, and found myself voicing it 4 different ways, so providing multiple takes that were unnecessary and very time consuming, when all I would have had to do was ask.


Shirlye is not my biological mother but you would never be able to tell if you met us. In fact, she never had any children of her own.
Shirlye adopted me as her surrogate daughter after my mom died. A little later, she took in a brother and sister when their parents passed. She also took in her nephew shortly after his father death.
The kids she took in are all grown up, so now she enjoys spending time with their children – she has 2 surrogate granddaughters and a grandson. They call her "Gaga" because she said was way too young to be called "grandma" when we had them.
Shirlye works for the university foundation of her alma mater – North Carolina A&T. She remembers what it was like being in college so she helps out students with their needs due to her loving and giving heart.
I would like to nominate her for Thursday mom and help her celebrate her big "Five-OH" on July 7th. She'd like to go to Las Vegas to relax at a spa, take in some shows and see if what happens there really does stay there.


text:
51 Charles Bukowski Quotes (About Writing, Life, Love…)
Written by The Editors Posted on April 7, 2019 October 20, 2019
Henry Charles Bukowski was a prolific German-born American novelist, poet, and short story writer famous for his realistic and poetic writings portraying the economic, social, and cultural ambiance of his home city of Los Angeles.
Bukowski wrote six novels, hundreds of short stories, thousands of poems, and ultimately publishing over 60 books. His works were so famous that he became one of the best-known American authors.
However, it wasn't always easy for him. Growing up in a family with an abusive father, Bukowski grew up as a shy and socially withdrawn teenager. Nevertheless, he said the undeserved pain and depression gave him an inspiration for his writings.
His stories mostly tackled relationships with women, alcohol, the lives of underprivileged Americans, the drudgery of work as well as the act of writing. His works often revolve around the life of his highly stylized alter-ego, Henry Chinaski.
Here are the top 51 Charles Bukowski quotes and sayings that explores his views about life, love, writing, and so much more.
Charles Bukowski Quotes About Writing
Charles Bukowski Quotes About Life
Charles Bukowski Quotes About Love
Charles Bukowski, More Quotes & Sayings
1. "Shakespeare didn't work at all for me."
2. "I kept writing not because I felt I was so good, but because I felt they were so bad, including Shakespeare, all those. The stilted formalism, like chewing cardboard."
3. "I have no definite talent or trade, and how I stay alive is largely a matter of magic."
4. "Even though I write about the human race, the further away from them, the better I feel. Two miles is great; two thousand miles is beautiful."
5. "When I say that basically writing is a hard hustle, I don't mean that it is a bad life if one can get away with it. It's the miracle of miracles to make a living by the typer."
6. "I have not worked out my poems with a careful will, falling rather on the haphazard and blind formulation of wordage, a more flowing concept, in a hope for a more new and lively path. I do personalize at times, but this only for the grace and elan of the dance."
7. "Most poets are young simply because they have not been caught up. Show me an old poet, and I'll show you, more often than not, either a madman or a master… it's when you begin to lie to yourself in a poem in order simply to make a poem that you fail. That is why I do not rework poems."
8. "When I write, when I'm going hot, I don't want to write more than four hours in a row. After that, you're pushing it."
9. "Writers have to put up with this editor thing; it is ageless and eternal and wrong."
10. "I am a dangerous man when turned loose with a typewriter."
11. "An intellectual says a simple thing in a hard way. An artist says a hard thing in a simple way."
12. "In my work, as a writer, I only photograph, in words, what I see."
1. "I used to live on one candy bar a day – it cost a nickel. I always remember the candy bar was called Payday. That was my payday. And that candy bar tasted so good, at night I would take one bite, and it was so beautiful."
2. "To not to have entirely wasted one's life seems to be a worthy accomplishment, if only for myself."
3. "I would be married, but I'd have no wife, I would be married to single life."
4. "We are here to laugh at the odds and live our lives so well that Death will tremble to take us."
5. "Somebody once asked me what my theory of life was, and I said, 'Don't try.' That fits the writing, too. I don't try; I just type."
6. "There will always be something to ruin our lives, it all depends on what or which finds us first. We are always ripe and ready to be taken."
7. "My days, my years, my life has seen up and downs, lights, and darknesses. If I wrote only and continually of the 'light' and never mentioned the other, then as an artist, I would be a liar."
8. "Some people never go crazy, What truly horrible lives they must live."
1. "It's possible to love a human being if you don't know them too well."
2. "We're all going to die, all of us; what a circus! That alone should make us love each other, but it doesn't. We are terrorized and flattened by trivialities. We are eaten up by nothing."
3. "The male, for all his bravado and exploration, is the loyal one, the one who generally feels love. The female is skilled at betrayal and torture and damnation."
4. "My love is a hummingbird sitting that quiet moment on the bough, as the same cat crouches."
1. "I don't like the clean-shaven boy with the necktie and the good job. I like desperate men, men with broken teeth and broken minds and broken ways. They interest me. They are full of surprises and explosions."
2. "Almost everybody is born a genius and buried an idiot."
3. "If you want to know who your friends are, get yourself a jail sentence."
4. "I can relax with bums because I am a bum. I don't like laws, morals, religions, rules. I don't like to be shaped by society."
5. "Never get out of bed before noon."
6. "Show me a man who lives alone and has a perpetually clean kitchen, and 8 times out of 9 I'll show you a man with detestable spiritual qualities."
7. "Humanity, you never had it to begin with."
8. "What my character is or how many jails I have lounged in, or wards or walls or wassails, how many lonely-heart poetry readings I have dodged, is beside the point. A man's soul or lack of it will be evident with what he can carve upon a white sheet of paper."
9. "Bad taste creates many more millionaires than good taste."
10. "The free soul is rare, but you know it when you see it – basically because you feel good, very good when you are near or with them."
11. "Never envy a man his lady. Behind it, all lay a living hell."
12. "The more cats you have, the longer you live. If you have a hundred cats, you'll live 10 times longer than if you have 10. Someday this will be discovered, and people will have a thousand cats and live forever. It's truly ridiculous."
13. "Between the ages of fifteen and twenty-four, I must have read a whole library."
14. "Joan of Arc had style. Jesus had style."
15. "The female loves to play man against man. And if she is in a position to do it, there is not one who will resist."
16. "Having a bunch of cats around is good. If you're feeling bad, you just look at the cats, you'll feel better because they know that everything is just as it is. There's nothing to get excited about. They just know. They're saviors."
17. "The thing that I fear discriminating against is humor and truth."
18. "I don't like jail, they got the wrong kind of bars in there."
19. "There are women who can make you feel more with their bodies and their souls, but these are the exact women who will turn the knife into you right in front of the crowd. Of course, I expect this, but the knife still cuts."
20. "If you're losing your soul and you know it, then you've still got a soul left to lose."
21. "To do a dull thing with style-now that's what I call art."
22. "A cat is only itself, representative of the strong forces of life that won't let go."
23. "Censorship is the tool of those who have the need to hide actualities from themselves and from others. Their fear is only their inability to face what is real, and I can't vent any anger against them; I only feel this appalling sadness. Somewhere in their upbringing, they were shielded against the total facts of our existence."
24. "The difference between a democracy and a dictatorship is that in a democracy you vote first and take orders later; in a dictatorship, you don't have to waste your time voting."
25. "You begin saving the world by saving one man at a time; all else is grandiose romanticism or politics."
26. "Genius might be the ability to say a profound thing in a simple way."
27. "We have wasted History like a bunch of drunks shooting dice back in the men's crapper of the local bar."
If you would like to learn more about the works of Charles Bukowski, we would suggest you read Essential Bukowski: Poetry.


text:
The Spill: Fukushima Anniversary
By: GenZ Staff | March 15, 2021 | Tags: COVID, Fukushima, history, relief package 550 Words
Fukushima's Ten-Year Mark
The Fukushima nuclear disaster of 2011 was the worst in 30 years. After a 9.1 magnitude undersea earthquake caused a tsunami, the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Ōkuma, Fukushima, Japan, experienced a failure of the emergency generators. This caused a meltdown in three reactors. It was the worst accident since Chernobyl in 1986.
Months later, the accident was ruled "foreseeable," and the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) was blamed. A Japanese court ruled in 2017 that the government was also "negligent" because it did not use regulatory power to force TEPCO to take preventive measures for disasters.
The Associated Press reports: "Proper equipment has now replaced ragged plastic hoses held together with tape and an outdoor power switchboard infested by rats, which caused blackouts. Radiation levels have declined, allowing workers and visitors to wear regular clothes and surgical masks in most areas."
Tokyo University professor Kiyoshi Kurokawa wrote in a recent report of the disaster: "It was a profoundly man-made disaster – that could and should have been foreseen and prevented. And its effects could have been mitigated by a more effective human response."
The Latest COVID-19 Stimulus Passed!
Last week, Mr. Joe Biden officially signed the $1.9 trillion coronavirus relief package, checking off the first box on his hefty to-do list for the nation.
The plan will direct financial aid to millions of Americans. Each eligible person will get $1,400. Those in line for relief who have a direct deposit account will be the first to receive the payments. Also crammed into the bill is an extension of the $300 per week unemployment insurance and the expansion of the child tax credit for an additional year.
There will also be money set aside for restaurants, small businesses, K-12 schools, and the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNA), which many people still call "food stamps."
A Digital Unveiling of a Secret 17th Century Letter
A private letter between two cousins in 1697 has been read by researchers – without breaking the seal of the interlocked paper. French merchant Jacques Sennacques in Lille wrote to his cousin Pierre Le Pers at the Hague on July 31, 1697 to ask for a "legalised excerpt of the death of sieur Daniel Le Pers."
Using X-ray microtomography scans of the letter, an international team of researchers diligently examined the paper. Slice by slice, they created a 3D image to open. By then applying computational flattening algorithms to the image, they unfolded the letter. The letter had been closed, as many in those days were, by using "interlocking." Interlocking is a folding process that creates its own envelope.
The Unlocking History research group, consisting of historians, conservators, and scientists, say this is a breakthrough for studying many historical documents without destroying additional clues.
A collection of 2,600 letters from 1689 through 1706 was donated to the postal museum in 1926 by the chief postmasters of the Hague, Simon de Brienne and Marie Germain. The collection describes the valuable history these letters provide as they "bear witness to the fragility of lines of communication at a time when Europe was torn by war, economic crisis, and religious differences" and where people "moved frequently, sometimes in haste, leaving no forwarding address because they did not have one, or they were not at liberty to divulge it."
What a great tool for uncovering more details of life in the 17th Century.


text:
Here's a Woman Fighting Terrorism. With Microloans.
An old friend of mine here fights terrorists, but not the way you're thinking. She could barely defeat a truculent child in hand-to-hand combat, and if she ever picked up an AK-47 — well, you'd pray it was unloaded.
Roshaneh Zafar is an American- educated banker who fights extremism with microfinance. She has dedicated her life to empowering some of Pakistan's most impoverished women and giving them the tools to run businesses of their own. The United States should learn from warriors like her.
Bullets and drones may kill terrorists, but Roshaneh creates jobs and educational opportunities for hundreds of thousands of people — draining the swamps that breed terrorists.
"Charity is limited, but capitalism isn't," Roshaneh said. "If you want to change the world, you need market-based solutions." That's the point of microfinance — typically, lending very poor people small amounts of money so that they can buy a rickshaw or raw materials and start a tiny business.
Roshaneh grew up in elite circles here in Lahore and studied business at the Wharton School and economics at Yale. After a stint at the World Bank, she returned to Pakistan in 1996 to start her microfinance organization. She called it the Kashf Foundation.
Everybody thought Roshaneh was nuts. And at first nothing went right. The poor refused to borrow. Or if they borrowed, they didn't repay their loans.
But Roshaneh persisted, and today Kashf has 152 branches around the country. It has dispersed more than $200 million to more than 300,000 families. Now Roshaneh is moving into microsavings, to help the poor build assets, as well as programs to train the poor to run businesses more efficiently. She is even thinking of expanding into schools for the poor.
Microfinance is sometimes oversold as a silver bullet — which it's not. Careful follow-up studies suggest that gains from microloans are often quite modest.
Some borrowers squander money or start businesses that fail. Some micro-lenders tarnish the field because they're incompetent, and others because they rake in profits with sky-high loan rates. Microfinance has also generally been less successful in Africa than in South Asia.
Yet done right, microfinance can make a significant difference. An outside evaluation found that after four years, Kashf borrowers are more likely than many others to enjoy improved economic conditions — and that's what I've seen over the years as I've visited Kashf borrowers.
On this trip, I met a woman named Parveen Baji, who says she never attended a day of school and until recently was completely illiterate. She had 14 children, but five died.
Ms. Parveen's husband, who also never attended school, regularly beat her and spent the family savings on narcotics, she says. The family's only possessions were four cots on which they slept, crammed three or four to a cot, in a rented apartment.
"One night all my children were hungry," she remembered. "I sent my daughter to ask for food from a neighbor. And the neighbor said, 'you've become a beggar,' and refused."
Then Ms. Parveen got a $70 loan from Kashf and started a jewelry and cosmetics business, buying in bulk and selling to local shops. Ms. Parveen couldn't read the labels, but she memorized which bottle was which. As her business thrived, she began to struggle to learn reading and arithmetic — and proved herself an ace student. I fired math problems at her, and she dazzled me with her quick responses.
Ms. Parveen began to start new businesses, even building a laundry that she put her husband in charge of to keep him busy. He no longer beats her, she says, and when I interviewed him separately he seemed a little awed by her.
Eventually, Ms. Parveen started a restaurant and catering business that now has eight employees, including some of her daughters. She bought a home and has put some of her children through high school — and a son, the brightest student, through college. She has just paid $5,800 for a permit for him to move to London to take a health sector job.
Ms. Parveen tried to look modest as she told me this, but she failed. She was beaming and shaking her head in wonder as she watched her son speak English with me, dazzled at the thought that she was dispatching her university-educated son to Europe. "Microfinance has changed my life," she said simply.
That's an unusual success story. But the larger message is universal: helping people start businesses, create jobs and support education is a potent way to undermine extremism.
We Americans overinvest in firepower to defeat extremism and underinvest in development, and so we could learn something useful from Roshaneh. The toolkit to fight terrorism includes not only missiles but also microfinance and economic opportunity.
The antonym of "militant" is often "job."
Labels: Pakistan, Poor, terrorism, Women
Israeli soldiers who used Palestinian boy, 9, as a...
This trend of young Muslim girls wearing the hijab...
The Spectator apologises for falsely accusing Musl...
Jewish? Gay? Join us, white extremists say
Educated, Glamorous and Wearing A Hijab
Muslim religious leader jailed for sex attack on girl
la ilaha illallah- Ahmed Bukhatir
Scots nurse who converted to Islam insists she has...
Pigs and Muslim kids
Sectarian hostility lies beneath hajj spirit, pilg...
The World Comes to Mecca
USA: Church building thought to be Mosque causes u...
AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE AGAINST ANIMAL SACRIFICE
Rich-poor divide at the Hajj
Qurbani!
PROCLAIM THE PILGRIMAGE TO HUMANKIND
Photos: Islam's Soft Revolution, Led by Cairo Women
Polygamy makes families unhappy: study
HADITH OF THE DAY: SHOW MERCY
Women in fear: Rape cases soar across Pakistan
Beyond the veil: London's burka wearers go on the ...
'Sexual predators': Gang of Asian men weep as they...
Why I love Islam: Lauren Booth defiantly explains ...
Sweden alarmed by series of 'racist' shootings
Pakistan in pictures: Bus to Jhelum
Tale of gay woman forced to marry to protect 'honour'
Smiling woman stabbed MP Stephen Timms over Iraq war
Imam Zaid Shakir: Voting is an Obligation


A couple of weeks back I threw a whole lot of Zoodoo pea straw around my newly planted seedlings. Pea straw deters weeds, encourages water retention and provides nitrogen. It has made life a lot easier for me, since I haven't had to weed as much. I like it when a little bit of work early on, saves a whole lot of work later!
Here's a photo gallery of how some of my gardens are looking at this end of spring.
The bottom terrace of our backyard.
Lily sitting in the apple tree next to our flourishing bed of potatoes.
Beans, carrots and cauliflower, plus last year's lobelia blossoming again.
Tomatoes, basil, leeks, carrots, beans, cauliflower and lobelia.
Zucchini / Courgette plants in their bed of pea straw.
Lemon, feijoa and avocado trees.
Snow peas, beetroot and a rainbow variety of carrots.
How are your gardens looking?
Wow your garden looks amzing! Next time I'm in town we'll have to meet up for coffee so I can meet you and see this amazing garden in the flesh!
Sounds like a plan Madeleine!
Looks like you are going to have a great bounty! I can't wait until we clear out backyard so that we can begin landscaping and creating the garden beds. I've been trying to gorw veg in pots, which doesn't work nearly as well, particularly in California's drought summers.
Loving all your carrots and Lily is bigger in each picture, I swear!
The lobelia is so pretty, too. I love the color!


text:
NYU Victorious in Excessive Fee Case
Hodgson Russ Employee Benefits Newsletter
NYU is one of several universities that have been named in ERISA lawsuits that allege breaches of fiduciary duties relating to excessive service provider fees and imprudent investment fund options in a 403(b) plan sponsored by the university. A federal trial court considered the merits of the ERISA claims in a case brought against NYU, and the federal judge ruled in favor of NYU on all claims.
The plaintiffs in the case were NYU employees who alleged that NYU's Retirement Plan Committee (the "Committee") failed to fulfill its ERISA fiduciary duties, which resulted in losses of more than $358 million that were suffered in two different 403(b) retirement plans for which the Committee served as an ERISA fiduciary. The plaintiffs' first claim was that the Committee imprudently managed the selection and monitoring of recordkeeping vendors, which resulted in excessively high fees. The plaintiffs' second claim was that the Committee imprudently failed to remove two investment fund options which underperformed and resulted in significant plan investment losses.
While the court acknowledged that there were deficiencies in the Committee's processes, including Committee members who "displayed a concerning lack of knowledge relevant to the Committee's mandate," the court still found that the plaintiffs had not adequately proven that the Committee acted imprudently or that the losses were the result of any such deficiencies. Significant findings by the court in this case include the following:
Certain Committee members were under-prepared or relied too heavily on the Committee-appointed investment advisor, but there were other more well-equipped Committee members who, together the investment adviser, allowed the Committee to perform its duties adequately.
The evidence presented supported a finding that the Committee prudently managed its recordkeepers by running prudent RFP processes, by obtaining lower fees for one of the 403(b) plans when plan consolidation was impractical, and by consolidating recordkeepers for the other 403(b) plan.
Plaintiffs did not meet their burden of proof as to the damages (i.e., plan losses) for excessive recordkeeping fees because the plaintiffs failed to demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence that the recordkeeping fee ranges asserted by the plaintiffs' to be prudent were the only plausible or prudent ones – "or, indeed, that any comparable Plan has ever charged within that range."
The evidence also demonstrated that the Committee closely monitored the performance of the investment fund options; that evidence included testimony that the Committee:
Received and reviewed detailed reports analyzing the investment options;
Discussed investment performance at numerous Committee meetings, and asked questions of the investment advisor regarding his analysis; and
Compiled a watch list to monitor certain funds.
The plaintiffs did not demonstrate that the real estate fund and the stock fund, which the plaintiffs alleged to be imprudent, did not underperform significantly enough to find the Committee breached its duties by failing to remove the funds, or that the plans suffered losses due to their inclusion.
This case reminds us of the importance of having a prudent process for selecting and monitoring service providers and plan investments, and then documenting that process. Even in the face of potentially damaging gaps in the composition and involvement of the Committee members, the judge in this case found sufficient documentation of a fiduciary process that ultimately worked in favor of NYU. Sacerdote v. New York University S.D.N.Y 2018.


The old saying goes that a reporter is only as good as his sources.
To tell or find a story, one needs to have the resources and access to perspective and insight. In my few years as a journalist, I've taken considerable effort to build relationships and gather sources.
That mostly amounted to piles and piles of business cards. Thankfully, two tools have allowed me to take considerable control over that mess.
First, almost since the very beginning of my collecting sources in college, I have obsessively updated my contacts in my Gmail account, including emails, phone numbers, even birthdays and mailing addresses when possible. Taking it further, I include headshots and a description of when I first met the person and what their relevance is, to ease my ability to remember the person.
Second and most recently, with my first smartphone and Macbook following this and this,I'm able to sync those Gmail contacts to my phone, allowing me to have access to those contacts more readily, as I try to develop as many text and Gchat relationships, it's proven a great tool.
Which is good, because as important as it is to have good sources, it doesn't matter if you can't find them.


text:
Usuthu or oSuthu is a main place in Nongoma Local Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa, with 2001 and 2011 Census number: 53004000.

Usuthu was founded in 1898 as a homestead by Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo (Dinizulu) son of King Cetshwayo.  He chose the name in homage to his father's followers who were called uSuthu.  At the time he was employed by the British as an advisor, although he was widely regarded by the Zulu people as their king.

Notes and references

Zulu topics
Zulu history
History of KwaZulu-Natal
Populated places in the Nongoma Local Municipality

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


ALL of the following application materials must be submitted.
APPLY NOW by clicking this link. Incomplete applications cannot be processed.
Please note: In addition to the Graduate School Admissions Application there may be an admissions application required by the department.
A non-refundable $40.00 application fee is required for all applications. The easiest way to pay is with a credit card when applying online. Once you have submitted your application you can still pay your application fee online by going to the EKU Graduate School Admissions Page. Do not send cash. Applications will not be processed until the app fee has been received.
Please refer to the graduate program page to determine which exam, if any, is required for your program course of study. Only official examination scores, sent directly from the testing center, may be used to grant clear admission. Copies of examination scores are not acceptable.
Write a brief essay outlining your personal and professional objectives pertaining to your graduate course of study. Your statement must be sufficiently detailed so that your intended program of study can ascertain your objectives in seeking a graduate degree. Applicants are encouraged to contact their perspective graduate program for additional details about the statement of objectives.
Personal Objectives Statements may be completed as part of the online application process, or they may be emailed to Graduate School email account (please include your full name, DOB, EKU ID # and the department for which you are applying).
If your intended program requires letters of recommendation, please check with your program course of study to determine how you should submit your letters. Some programs require the recommendation be submitted freely by the respondant while others may have a designated form- which might be found within the online application, depending on program. *Please note most all programs expect letters of recommendation to be submitted by respondant instead of applicant.
*Admission applications are only valid for one academic year. The file will be destroyed and the applicant will be required to submit a new application after this time.


The famous Imam Muhammad Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853–944 AD) was a Persian (some mention that he was a descendant from the Sahabi Abu Ayyub Al-Ansari) Sunni from the ancient Persian city of Samarqand. Samarqand is located in Uzbekistan today (but used to be part of the Persian empire), however, the ancient Persian-Tajik parts of Uzbekistan are still Tajik-Persian to this very day, cities such as Bokhara (where Imam Al-Bukhari is from) and Samarqand (where many major scholars were from).
Tajik Persians (over 30% of Afghanistan's population), the absolute majority of the inhabitants of Tajikistan and a minority in Uzbekistan and some other Asian states are a majority Sunni people. They are the Khorassani Persians of the east, the brothers of the Persians in the west (what is known as Iran today).
← Rafsanjani: Shiism by as represented by Iran herself in the past creates extremism!


text:
December storms give California a promising snowpack
Statewide, the amount of water contained in the snowpack was 9.3 inches, or 90% of the Jan. 2 average, the Department of Water Resources said.
December storms give California a promising snowpack Statewide, the amount of water contained in the snowpack was 9.3 inches, or 90% of the Jan. 2 average, the Department of Water Resources said. Check out this story on redding.com: https://www.redding.com/story/news/2020/01/02/december-storms-give-california-promising-snowpack/2800579001/
RICH PEDRONCELLI and JOHN ANTCZAK, Associated Press Published 5:09 p.m. PT Jan. 2, 2020
Sean de Guzman, center, chief of snow surveys for the California Department of Water Resources, checks the weight of a snow sample on a scale held by DWR's Ramesh Gautam, left, as DWR's Lauren Miller, background records the information during the first snow survey of the season at Phillips Station near Echo Summit on Thursday, Jan. 2, 2020. The survey found the snowpack at 33.5 inches deep with a water content of 11 inches which is 97% of average at this location at this time of year. (Photo: AP Photo/Rich Pedroncelli)
PHILLIPS STATION (AP) — December storms gave California a promising snowpack despite a slow start, state water authorities said Thursday after conducting measurements to determine how much vital runoff can be expected to flow into reservoirs this spring.
Statewide, the amount of water contained in the snowpack — known as snow water equivalent — was 9.3 inches (23.6 centimeters), or 90% of the Jan. 2 average, the Department of Water Resources said.
The snowpack is measured manually and by electronic sensors at numerous locations.
At Phillips Station in the Sierra Nevada south of Lake Tahoe, the traditional first manual reading of the winter found a snow depth of 33.5 inches (85 centimeters) and a snow water equivalent of 11 inches (27.9 centimeters), said Sean de Guzman, the department's chief of surveys and water supply forecasting.
That amounted to 97% of the January average and 44% of the April 1 average there, he told a news conference against a white, snow-laden backdrop.
Sean de Guzman, center, chief of snow surveys for the California Department of Water Resources, plunges a snow survey tube into the snowpack during the first snow survey of the season at Phillips Station near Echo Summit on Thursday, Jan. 2, 2020. The survey found the snowpack at 33.5 inches deep with a water content of 11 inches which is 97% of average at this location at this time of year. Also seen are DWR's Ramesh Gautam, left, and Lauren Miller. (Photo: AP Photo/Rich Pedroncelli)
Phillips Station is the location where former Gov. Jerry Brown famously stood in a parched brown field on April 1, 2015, and ordered cities and towns to cut water use by 25% due to a drought that would not be declared over until 2017.
About 75% of California's annual precipitation occurs from December through February, mostly from atmospheric rivers which are long plumes of moisture originating far out in the Pacific Ocean. The snowpack supplies about 30% of California's water when it melts.
The current "water year" got off to a slow start with a dry October and early November but "fortunately December came in right about average," said Michael Anderson, state climatologist.
Sean de Guzman, center, chief of snow surveys for the California Department of Water Resources, uses a tape measure to measure the distance between locations to take one of several snowpack samples, during the first snow survey of the season at Phillips Station near Echo Summit on Thursday, Jan. 2, 2020. The survey found the snowpack at 33.5 inches deep with a water content of 11 inches which is 97% of average at this location at this time of year. Also seen are DWR's Ramesh Gautam, left, and Lauren Miller, right. (Photo: AP Photo/Rich Pedroncelli)
"We experience fantastic variability here in California, not only year to year but within the year," Anderson said. "Last year we were a little drier than this but had an amazing February that pushed us into one of our larger snowpacks."
Anderson said that variability makes it difficult to say what the snowpack will be like by April.
"Water conservation is a way of life in California," he said.
Anderson also noted that a single atmospheric river storm can bring "a fantastic amount of water in a very short time and change conditions in a hurry."
Read or Share this story: https://www.redding.com/story/news/2020/01/02/december-storms-give-california-promising-snowpack/2800579001/
Murder charges dropped in 2012 death of 83-year-old man
UPDATE: Standoff ends with suspected Midway Market robber surrendering
Dahles skip Redding election forum Sunday
Anderson woman dies in I-5 crash south of Redding
Car prowler who pretended to have gun runs from neighbor who had real gun
The Buzz: This restaurant looks to feed off Chick-fil-A crowds


text:
U-God Addresses Wu-Tang Clan 20-Year Anniversary Album
Published on: Dec 9, 2013, 9:00 PM
by RomanCooper
As fans await the 20-year-anniversary album by the Wu-Tang Clan, A Better Tomorrow, the group's members have their own plans.
In an interview with Montreality, U-God spoke about his intentions going forward as a solo artist. "I'm just gonna keep dropping records," said U-God. "My catalogue gonna be fierce. I'm on over 20 songs… The game is my catalogue."
U-God confirmed that the Wu album was still on. "Another Wu album is supposedly in the makings," he said. "We're gonna try and get it off. It takes a little time for us to get that right. I ain't trying to rush nothin'. Wanna make it right."
U-God also spoke about the remix of "Wu-Tang Forever," the Drake track, which was set to feature various members of the Wu, but has yet to surface. "I don't know [whether fans will hear it]. We didn't have that much time. The window of time for us to record that was like about three hours. …We really needed to just sit there and marinate with it. If they gave us a bigger time frame, then yeah."
The Wu-Tang rapper also responded to Trinidad James' recent claims that Atlanta runs New York Hip Hop. "Trinidad James ain't talkin' to me about that," said Golden Arms. "About niggas from New York. Listen to my shit, nigga. Ain't tryin' to hear that."
U-God continued, saying, "Only reason why them niggas is poppin', man, down South niggas sign any goddamn thing. New York dudes…we don't go for all that."
"I like the music, personally," he said. "But Trinidad James, knock it off with that bullshit."
RELATED: U-God Recalls Wu-Tang Clan's Early Street Memories


A Swiss national was killed in a car crash on Kata Hill early this morning. Gaetano Pensovecchio, 39, was removed from his pick-up truck and rushed to Vachira Phuket Hospital where he was later pronounced dead.
"The pick-up truck being driven by Mr Pensovecchio was ascending Kata Hill toward Chalong when it collided with a six-wheeled truck," explained Lt Chatri Choowichian of the Karon Police.
There were no witnesses to the accident, police confirmed. "We have yet to charge Mr Amorn at this point. Whether or not we follow up with criminal charges will depend on what further evidence comes to light," Lt Chatri said.


text:
ALX Uranium Corp. Announces Results from the Summer 2018 Drilling Program at the Hook-Carter Project, Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan
Vancouver, British Columbia–(Newsfile Corp. – August 9, 2018) – ALX Uranium Corp. (TSXV: AL) (FSE: 6LLN) (OTC: ALXEF) ("ALX" or the "Company") is pleased to announce results from the Hook-Carter Uranium Project ("Hook-Carter", or the "Project") summer 2018 drilling program which began in late May 2018 (see ALX news release dated May 24, 2018). Exploration at Hook-Carter is operated by Denison Mines Corp. ("Denison") (TSX: DML) (NYSE MKT: DNN). The Project is owned 80% by Denison and 20% by ALX.
Summer 2018 Drilling Program
The summer 2018 program consisted of 3,898 metres of diamond drilling in five completed holes to test high-priority geophysical targets developed by Denison which were identified from the resistivity and moving loop time-domain electromagnetic (MLTEM) surveys carried out in 2017. The summer 2018 drilling program was designed as a continuation of the maiden winter 2018 drilling program which included 3,062 metres in four holes.
The 2018 inaugural drilling programs at Hook-Carter tested an initial set of regional scale geophysical targets along 7.5 of the 15 kilometres of interpreted strike length of the Patterson Lake Corridor on the Hook-Carter property. The nine reconnaissance holes completed to date, totaling 6,960 metres, successfully identified multiple prospective trends of strong hydrothermal alteration in both the sandstone and basement lithologies associated with graphitic basement structures. These features are consistent with unconformity-related mineralizing systems in Athabasca Basin uranium deposits and provide a strong indication of the continuation of the mineralizing system within the Patterson Lake Corridor onto the Hook-Carter property. Drill data collected from the 2018 drilling programs will be utilized to establish any geochemical and hydrothermal alteration vectors toward mineralization and interpret favorable geological settings for mineralization. The 2018 drill holes are widely-spaced and future drilling will likely include follow up in areas of strong hydrothermal alteration and/or geochemical anomalism, as well as the testing of additional high-priority geophysical targets.
Highlights of the summer 2018 drill holes are as follows:
HC18005 intersected strong pervasive silicification in the sandstone as well as hydrothermal hematite and dravite in fractures and faults, both in the sandstone and basement lithologies.
HC18-006, located approximately five kilometres along strike to the south of HC18-005, intersected moderate bleaching and desilicification with druzy quartz and pyrite localized along fractures recorded in the sandstone. Several graphitic shear zones and silicification were intersected in the basement rocks.
HC18-007 and its daughter hole, HC18-007D1, were both lost in the sandstone in an intensely desilicified zone. HC18-007A was drilled 75 metres grid east of HC18-007 and HC18-007D1, and encountered strong desilicification and unconsolidated intervals, associated with moderate bleaching and disseminated pyrite, grey alteration and druzy quartz in the lower portion of the sandstone column. Strongly graphitic, highly strained faulted rocks were intersected in the basement rocks.
HC18-008 was collared 900 metres along strike to the north of HC18005. The hole intersected strong alteration in the sandstone column, including desilicification, druzy quartz, pyrite and dravite along some fractures. A weakly graphitic shear zone was encountered immediately below the unconformity with associated clay alteration and fracture-controlled hydrothermal hematite.
HC18-009D1, daughter hole of abandoned HC18-009, was drilled approximately one kilometre to the east of HC18-007A. Significant hydrothermal alteration was encountered both in the sandstone and basement lithologies. Alteration in the sandstone included extensive zones of strong bleaching and silicification which is overprinted by moderate to strong desilicification. The presence of grey alteration, druzy quartz (locally corroded) and smoky quartz was noted in the basal 120 metres of the sandstone column. The paleoweathering profile was completely overprinted by hydrothermal alteration, including strong clay alteration and bleaching. Although no graphite was present in the basement rocks, it is possible that the graphite was completely destroyed by hydrothermal processes.
About Hook-Carter
Hook-Carter consists of 80 claims covering 24,228 hectares and is located approximately 575 kilometres (357 miles) north of La Ronge, SK. The Project is located along the prolific Patterson Lake Corridor — host to the Triple R uranium deposit (Fission Uranium Corp.), the Arrow uranium deposit, Harpoon, Bow and South Arrow uranium discoveries (NexGen Energy Ltd.), and the Spitfire, Hornet and Dragon uranium discoveries (a joint venture of Purepoint Uranium Group Inc., Cameco Corp., and Orano Canada Inc.). Denison has agreed to fund the first $12.0 million of expenditures at Hook-Carter (see ALX news releases dated October 13, 2016, and November 7, 2016).
ALX believes Hook-Carter is significantly underexplored, with only five historical drill holes located along the 15 kilometres of interpreted strike length of the Patterson Lake Corridor that lies within the Project.
To view maps of Hook-Carter's location along the Patterson Lake Corridor and the 2018 drilling plan, please click here.
Technical information in this news release has been reviewed and approved by Sierd Eriks, P.Geo., President and Chief Geologist of the Company, who is a Qualified Person, in accordance with the Canadian regulatory requirements as set out in National Instrument 43‑101.
About ALX
ALX's mandate is to provide shareholders with multiple opportunities for discovery by exploring a portfolio of prospective mineral properties in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. The Company executes well-designed exploration programs using the latest technologies and has interests in over 200,000 hectares in Saskatchewan, a Province which hosts the richest uranium deposits in the world, a producing gold mine, and demonstrates potential for base metals deposits. ALX is based in Vancouver, BC, Canada and its common shares are listed on the TSX Venture Exchange under the symbol "AL", on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the symbol "6LLN" and in the United States OTC market under the symbol "ALXEF". Technical reports are available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com for several of the Company's active properties.
For more information about the Company, please visit the ALX corporate website at www.alxuranium.com or contact Roger Leschuk, Manager, Corporate Communications at Ph: 604.629.0293 or Toll-Free: 1.866.629.8368, or by email: rleschuk@alxuranium.com
On Behalf of the Board of Directors of ALX Uranium Corp.
"Warren Stanyer"
Warren Stanyer, CEO and Chairman
Statements in this document which are not purely historical are forward-looking statements, including any statements regarding beliefs, plans, expectations or intentions regarding the future. Forward looking statements in this news release for example include and are not limited to the results of the 2018 drilling programs by Denison at Hook-Carter, and the anticipated benefits of future planned programs. It is important to note that actual outcomes and the Company's actual results could differ materially from those in such forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties include economic, competitive, governmental, environmental and technological factors that may affect the Company's operations, markets, products and prices. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially may include misinterpretation of data; that we may not be able to get equipment or labour as we need it; that we may not be able to raise sufficient funds to complete our intended acquisitions, exploration or development; that our applications to drill may be denied; that weather, logistical problems or hazards may prevent us from exploration; that equipment may not work as well as expected; that analysis of data may not be possible accurately and at depth; that results which we or others have found in any particular location are not necessarily indicative of larger areas of our properties; that we may not complete environmental programs in a timely manner or at all; that market prices may not justify commercial production costs; and that despite encouraging data there may be no commercially exploitable mineralization on our properties.
Posted: August 9th, 2018 under NEWSFILECORP.


text:
Roger Gaspard (April 27, 1902 – August 14, 1982) was a French engineer and member of the French Resistance.

Biography
The son of a colonial artillery officer, Roger Gaspard was a student at the École Polytechnique, the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, and the École supérieure d'électricité. He was an engineer and then Chief engineer of the Department of Roads and Bridges of Seine from 1927 to 1942. Gaspard was also Chief of Staff of Paul Ramadier, Secretary of State for Public Works between June 1936 and January 1938, and then Director of Electricity at the Ministry of Industrial Production. Gaspard represented the government at the Committee for the Organization of Electric Power between 1942 and 1946.

A member of the French Resistance, Gaspard was arrested and imprisoned for hiding copper from the German authorities.

After the liberation of France and the nationalization of the electricity sector, Gaspard began a career at Électricité de France (EDF) and became a deputy director general in 1946, director general from 1947 to 1962, and then chairman from 1962 to 1964. At the same time, he was vice-chair of the Compagnie nationale du Rhône from 1946 to 1962 and Chair of Schneider Electric from 1966 to 1969.

Gaspard was Chair of the Ligue nationale contre le cancer – National League Against Cancer from 1971 to 1981.

References

Sources

École des Ponts ParisTech alumni
French Resistance members
Électricité de France
1902 births
1982 deaths
École Polytechnique alumni
French engineers
20th-century French engineers


text:
Top 50 Best Horror Movies of All Time!
In our list of the best horror movies we have Psycho, Alien, Aliens, The Shining & Diabolique. The top movie is Psycho scoring a weighted score of 9.2/10 stars. The second best horror movie is Alien scoring a weighted score of 8.5/10 stars. These are the best horror films voted by HellHorror.com and fans. We hope you enjoy the 500 movies in our list of the best horror movies ever.
1). Psycho (1960)
Phoenix officeworker Marion Crane is fed up with the way life has treated her. She has to meet her lover…
Stars: Anthony Perkins, Janet Leigh, Virginia Gregg, Vera Miles, Martin Balsam
2). Alien (1979)
In the distant future, the crew of the commercial spaceship Nostromo are on their way home when they pick up…
Director: Ridley Scott
Stars: Sigourney Weaver, Ian Holm, John Hurt, Veronica Cartwright, Harry Dean Stanton
3). Aliens (1986)
57 years after Ellen Ripley had a close encounter with the reptilian alien creature from the first movie, she is…
Director: James Cameron
Stars: Lance Henriksen, Tom Woodruff Jr., Sigourney Weaver, Bill Paxton, Daniel Kash
4). The Shining (1980)
Signing a contract, Jack Torrance, a normal writer and former teacher agrees to take care of a hotel which has…
Director: Stanley Kubrick
Stars: Jack Nicholson, Barry Dennen, Burnell Tucker, Derek Lyons, David Baxt
5). Diabolique (1955)
The wife and mistress of a sad**tic boarding school headmaster plot to kill him. They drown him in the bathtub…
Director: Henri-Georges Clouzot
Stars: Pierre Larquey, Jacques Varennes, Jean Brochard, Georges Poujouly, Paul Meurisse
6). The Thing (1982)
A US research station, Antarctica, early-winter 1982. The base is suddenly buzzed by a helicopter from the nearby Norwegian research…
Director: John Carpenter
Stars: Kurt Russell, Adrienne Barbeau, John Carpenter, Keith David, Norbert Weisser
7). Rosemary's Baby (1968)
Desirous of starting a family, the young Catholic housewife, Rosemary Woodhouse, and her struggling actor husband, Guy, move into the…
Director: Roman Polanski
Stars: Rutanya Alda, Fritzi Jane Courtney, Ralph Bellamy, Phil Leeds, Max Wagner
8). Dawn of the Dead (1978)
Following the events of Night of the Living Dead (1968), we follow the exploits of four survivors of the expanding…
Stars: Tom Savini, Ken Foree, David Early, George A. Romero, Christine Forrest
9). The Exorcist (1973)
A visiting actress in Washington, D.C., notices dramatic and dangerous changes in the behavior and physical make-up of her 12-year-old…
Director: William Friedkin
Stars: Max von Sydow, Eileen Dietz, Linda Blair, Jason Miller, John Mahon
10). Frankenstein (1931)
Henry Frankenstein is a doctor who is trying to discover a way to make the dead walk. He succeeds and…
Director: James Whale
Stars: Boris Karloff, Colin Clive, Jack Curtis, William Dyer, Marilyn Harris
11). Bride of Frankenstein (1935)
Dr. Frankenstein and his monster both turn out to be alive, not killed as previously believed. Dr. Frankenstein wants to…
Stars: Boris Karloff, Colin Clive, Jack Curtis, Reginald Barlow, Marilyn Harris
12). King Kong (1933)
Carl Denham needs to finish his movie and has the perfect location; Skull Island. But he still needs to find…
Directors: Merian C. Cooper, Ernest B. Schoedsack
Stars: Victor Wong, Tom Quinn, John Collins, Reginald Barlow, Joe Dill
13). Night of the Living Dead (1968)
Barbra and Johnny visit their father's grave in a remote cemetery when they are suddenly set upon by zombies. Barbra…
Stars: George A. Romero, Robert Harvey, Bill Cardille, Bill 'Chilly Billy' Cardille, Vincent D. Survinski
14). The Innocents (1961)
In Victorian England, the uncle of orphaned niece Flora and nephew Miles hires Miss Giddens as governess to raise the…
Director: Jack Clayton
Stars: Megs Jenkins, Michael Redgrave, Deborah Kerr, Peter Wyngarde, Martin Stephens
15). Freaks (1932)
A circus trapeze artist, Cleopatra, takes an interest in Hans, a midget who works in the circus sideshow. Her interest…
Director: Tod Browning
Stars: Angelo Rossitto, Frances O'Connor, Roscoe Ates, Albert Conti, Olga Roderick
16). Shaun of the Dead (2004)
Shaun doesn't have a very good day, so he decides to turn his life around by getting his ex to…
Director: Edgar Wright
Stars: Simon Pegg, Bill Nighy, Martin Freeman, Michael Smiley, Peter Serafinowicz
17). The Unknown (1927)
Alonzo is an armless knife thrower and gun shooter for a circus---or so he appears. He is actually a criminal…
Stars: Louise Emmons, Joan Crawford, John George, Lon Chaney, Norman Kerry
18). Repulsion (1965)
In London, Belgian immigrant Carol Ledoux shares an apartment with her older sister Helen, and works as a manicurist at…
Stars: Aileen Lewis, Lewis Alexander, Hugh Futcher, Helen Fraser, Imogen Graham
19). Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956)
Dr. Miles Bennell returns to his small town practice to find several of his patients suffering the paranoid delusion that…
Director: Don Siegel
Stars: Kevin McCarthy, Robert Osterloh, Dabbs Greer, Carolyn Jones, Beatrice Maude
20). Evil Dead II (1987)
Ashley Williams travels to a secluded cabin in the woods with his girlfriend Linda where they find a tape recording…
Director: Sam Raimi
Stars: Ted Raimi, Greg Nicotero, Bruce Campbell, Scott Spiegel, Sam Raimi
21). Wait Until Dark (1967)
Susy was recently blinded and recently married. Susy's husband, Sam, is asked to hold a doll for a woman he…
Director: Terence Young
Stars: Alan Arkin, Gary Morgan, Bill Walters, Richard Crenna, Robby Benson
22). Halloween (1978)
The year is 1963, the night: Halloween. Police are called to 43 Lampkin Ln. only to discover that 15 year…
Stars: Donald Pleasence, Jamie Lee Curtis, John Carpenter, P.J. Soles, Nancy Stephens
23). The Night Stalker (1972)
Carl Kolchak is a newspaper reporter with an abrasive personality that has gotten him fired ten times from various big-city…
Director: John Llewellyn Moxey
Stars: Virginia Gregg, Elisha Cook Jr., Monty O'Grady, Carol Lynley, Simon Oakland
24). Midsommar (2019)
A young American couple, played by Florence Pugh and Jack Reynor, fly to a rural town in Sweden for a…
Director: Ari Aster
Stars: Will Poulter, Jack Reynor, Björn Andrésen, Anki Larsson, Balázs Megyeri
25). Predator (1987)
A team of special force ops, led by a tough but fair soldier, Major "Dutch" Schaefer, are ordered to assist…
Director: John McTiernan
Stars: Arnold Schwarzenegger, Sven-Ole Thorsen, Henry Kingi, Peter Cullen, Kevin Peter Hall
Showing 1 to 25 from Page 1 of 20


text:
Torà est une commune de la comarque de la Segarra dans la province de Lérida en Catalogne (Espagne).

Histoire
S'y déroula en 1006, la célèbre Bataille de Torà tournant marquant de la Reconquista

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Bataille de Torà
 Comarque : Segarra
 Piémont pyrénéen

Lien externe

Commune en Catalogne
Commune dans la province de Lérida


text:
Q: Multiple Semicolons on one line Why are multiple semicolons allowed on one line in Javascript? What is really happening here?

var x = 5;;;;;;;;;;
console.log(x);;;;;

A: A semi colon is a statement separator. By itself it creates an empty statement which, if you can say it is "executed" has no effect.
Multiple semicolons in a row simply create multiple consecutive empty statements and serve no practical purpose in code terms.
Deliberate use of empty statements may cause confusion and usually have alternatives. For example:
if( condition)
    ;
else {
   // do something
}

is more clearly coded as
if( !condition) {
    // do something
 }