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Sep 18, 2020, 02:02pm EDT |
3 Reasons Why 'Anti-Bias' May Solve More Than 'Anti-Racism'
Khalil SmithContributor
I write about leadership and diversity and inclusion through science.
David RockContributor
I write about the neuroscience of leadership.
Instances of outright racism, while incredibly toxic, are thankfully few. They're far outweighed by ... [+] instances of bias.
Spitfire Photography, Unsplash
Right now many leaders are asking how they can turn their companies anti-racist—that is, supporting an anti-racist policy through their actions, or expressing an anti-racist idea. It's an important question, and we should all embrace the intent behind the inquiry.
We can see racism vividly, in all its ugliness. We saw it marching with tiki torches in Charlottesville, Virginia, and we see it online spewing hate and vile. And yet, for all its salience and prominence, racism is potentially not the biggest threat to equality and progress, at least when it comes to companies.
Instances of outright racism in mature corporations are, fortunately, relatively few compared to the largely accidental bias that influences so many hiring processes, promotion decisions, performance reviews, compensation decisions, succession planning discussions, feedback conversations, and every other aspect of the employee lifecycle.
Picture the top of an iceberg. When we see it from a distance, we might think that what's above the water line is the important part, or the only part. And yet, when we look below the surface, we see that there's much more than what was previously visible. Racism may be the part above the water, and bias the part below.
And if that's the case, what we should be doing is turning our companies anti-biased; creating workplaces where the systems enable smarter decision-making and disrupt the quieter influence of unconscious bias that lives in every human with a brain.
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In some ways the difference may sound like semantics; however, being clear about what we're trying to accomplish is a prerequisite for marshaling our resources, aligning our intent, and creating sustainable change.
Here are three truths that call for an anti-bias approach.
Racism is hard to miss, bias is hard to see
Many times when racism is defined or explained, it contains an element of intention. That intention is important because it helps explain why racism is usually hard to miss. Most racists can't help but share their twisted views. They can't operate in one way at work and another way at home. And, as such, they betray themselves.
But, for the sake of debate, imagine that someone is a racist at home, but at work they promote all people equally, pay them all fairly, and provide uniform opportunities to assignments and experiences. As challenging as it might be, it seems difficult to argue that this leader isn't doing what they should be doing, at work, if not in life.
Contrast that with a leader who donates to historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) and wears a Black Lives Matter baseball cap when they go to protests. They voted for President Obama twice and proudly claim they would have done so a third time (like a main character in the hit horror movie, Get Out).
But if that leader operates in biased ways, within a biased system, their bias is having a negative impact. So the leader who cares deeply, but has significant pay gaps, or tremendous turnover of underrepresented groups, or substantial employee engagement variances across demographics, is not helping. In almost no facet of business do we reward effort. We reward results and progress. So don't stop at asking leaders if D&I is important to them; make the priority come alive.
Racism is in your face. Bias—which we can think of as subtle and unconscious preferences—is largely invisible. It creates confusion in those it affects, leading us to question the professionalism of black women who wear their hair naturally, because we may have grown used to operating in a world where white beauty is the standard. And, maybe even more unfairly, bias creates doubt and ambiguity in those who are impacted, wondering why you didn't get the job, or why you never get the coveted stretch opportunities.
A cognitive shortcut called the availability heuristic, just one such shortcut in the larger family of expedience biases, is at play. It's part of why we tend to fear sharks more than mosquitos, and remember stories of shark attacks more vividly, despite the fact that sharks kill, on average, less than 10 people per year, and mosquitos kill over 800,000. Stories of sharks, and racism, are salient and memorable. But the ever present bias, like a pesky but seemingly innocuous mosquito, is wreaking havoc.
Don't stop at highlighting the things that are easy to see and address; do the difficult work of digging underneath what is most obvious and salient, to get to the behaviors that are arguably having the broadest negative impact on employees, customers, vendors, and stakeholders.
Racism isn't biological, bias is
Bias is an evolutionary gift; one that allows us to process an incredible amount of information about our worlds. We take in sights and sounds and smells and tastes, and our brains calculate all of that into experiences, themes, and trends. And, without our explicit consent, our brains do their best to conserve precious energy, by operating with biases and heuristics where possible and expedient.
Bias isn't going away as it relates to being "solved for." To solve for bias would be to solve for part of what makes us human. That's not the goal. The goal is to selectively and deliberately mitigate those biases, to ensure that we build a more just and fair experience for all.
Racism, on the other hand, is not evolutionary at all. In fact, many sociologists argue that race is a social construct, no more inherent in our world than the difference between rap and jazz. Rap and jazz are both music, somewhat arbitrarily delineated, and the music would be just as beautiful without the label. The label is there because in many instances we crave order and certainty. The problem is not with the labels; it's what we do with those labels. And since "race" is not biological or inherent, believing that an entire "race" of people is superior or inferior is inherently misguided. In fact, there is more variance within "races" than there is across them.
Education and experience can chip away at racist ideologies, but no amount of proof or insight would ever allow us to mitigate every bias. There are limits to what awareness can do. And so we need to build better systems, which brings us to our third truth.
Racism tends to influence individuals, bias tends to influence individuals and systems
Racism can spread, like any idea or pathogen. And yet the effort needed to indoctrinate someone else into a racist ideology is usually rather profound. Contrast that with the systems in which we've all grown up. They abound with bias against black and brown people, whether it's education, housing, finance, healthcare, or law enforcement—the list goes on.
The inherent bias in those systems, which feeds us myths like black people don't feel pain as much and therefore don't need medication and that black students act out more often and therefore need to be suspended and expelled more often (neither claim is true) are pernicious and pervasive. And even the most liberal and "woke" allies can find themselves being negatively influenced by their biases.
Even systems that started out as racist systems, like poll taxes, pig laws, and sundown towns, over time largely stopped being applied based on the same degree of intention and racism. They instead became systems of bias, as opposed to systems of outright racism.
The upshot: start with bias
Racism continues to be a stain in many parts of the world. By no means should we ignore the ugliness that is racism. Ultimately, our goal should be to mitigate bias, and eradicate racism. But if you have to focus on what you, in your role as a leader in a company, can do to create the largest and most substantial change for the broadest coalition of employees, build anti-bias systems. Build them, evaluate them, iterate on them, and evolve them.
Action matters more than passion. Impact matters more than intent. If we have to choose where to focus our collective outrage, energy, and commitment to change, doing the hard work of mitigating bias in our behaviors and our systems is arguably change that can have significant impact and scale.
A friend and business leader recently remarked that "inaction is complicit," and the action matters; this form of action can be the path to a better, fairer, more just experience for so many.
The views and opinions expressed in this blog are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any other agency, organization, employer, or company.
Khalil Smith
I am the Vice President of Consulting at the NeuroLeadership Institute, responsible for the strategy and market presence of the practice. I work with companies to analyze
I am the Vice President of Consulting at the NeuroLeadership Institute, responsible for the strategy and market presence of the practice. I work with companies to analyze and evaluate existing strategies, and through close partnership, work together to identify and embed the ideal organizational behaviors. Before NLI, I spent 14 years at Apple.
David Rock
I coined the term "neuroleadership" and am director of the NeuroLeadership Institute, a global initiative bringing neuroscientists and leadership experts together to
I coined the term "neuroleadership" and am director of the NeuroLeadership Institute, a global initiative bringing neuroscientists and leadership experts together to build a new science for leadership development. I am the author of Your Brain at Work, Quiet Leadership, and Coaching with the Brain in Mind.


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text:
Q: I deployed my project, I am getting this error Input file contains unsupported image format I am trying to build in my production environment (i using GitHub actions to do the deploy), but the wrong is what the node is not the same between in my local
in my local i have this version:
npm -v
-> 7.24.1

node -v
-> v14.13.1

but I don't know what is the node version on GitHub actions
I can not reproduce the error in my local, because the version are not the same
I am getting this error:
success extract queries from components - 4.464s
success write out redirect data - 0.001s
success Build manifest and related icons - 0.003s
error "gatsby-plugin-manifest" threw an error while running the onPostBootstrap lifecycle:

Input file contains unsupported image format

  Error:Input file contains unsupported image format

not finished onPostBootstrap - 0.025s
npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE

and these are my dependencies:
{
  "dependencies": {
    "@material-ui/core": "4.11.0",
    "@material-ui/icons": "4.9.1",
    "@material-ui/lab": "4.0.0-alpha.56",
    "@material-ui/styles": "4.11.4",
    "axios": "^0.21.0",
    "file-saver": "^2.0.5",
    "firebase": "^7.15.4",
    "gatsby": "^2.22.15",
    "gatsby-cli": "^2.12.87",
    "gatsby-image": "^2.4.5",
    "gatsby-plugin-manifest": "^2.4.9",
    "gatsby-plugin-material-ui": "3.0.0",
    "gatsby-plugin-react-helmet": "^3.3.2",
    "gatsby-plugin-react-redux": "1.1.0",
    "gatsby-plugin-react-svg": "^3.0.0",
    "gatsby-plugin-robots-txt": "^1.6.8",
    "gatsby-plugin-sharp": "^2.6.9",
    "gatsby-plugin-sitemap": "3.3.0",
    "gatsby-source-filesystem": "^2.3.8",
    "gatsby-transformer-sharp": "2.5.3",
    "material-ui-dropzone": "3.3.0",
    "npm": "^7.5.6",
    "prop-types": "^15.7.2",
    "react": "^16.13.1",
    "react-redux": "^7.2.1",
    "redux": "^4.0.5",
    "redux-mock-store": "^1.5.4",
    "stopword": "^1.0.3",
    "tracking-number-validation": "^2.0.2",
    "uuid": "^8.3.2"
  },
}

this is the build.yml to deploy to production
name: Build

on:
  push:
    branches:
      - master

jobs:
  build:
    name: Build
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout Repo
        uses: actions/checkout@v2
  deploy:
    name: Deploy
    needs: build
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: echo ${{ github.ref }}
      - name: Checkout Repo
        uses: actions/checkout@v2

A:
but i dont know what is the node version on github actions i can not reproduce the error in my local, because of the version are not the same

You could use setup-node action to make the version exactly same with your local:
- uses: actions/setup-node@v2
  with:
    node-version: '14.13.1'
- run: npm install -g npm@7.24.1
- run: npm -v
- run: node -v

The output in github:
Run npm -v
  npm -v
  shell: /usr/bin/bash -e {0}
7.24.1
Run node -v
  node -v
  shell: /usr/bin/bash -e {0}
v14.13.1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Are you ready to take the Citizenship Quiz? Here is a sampling of questions, some of which may be asked at the interview. Please note that some questions require that you have knowledge of your local government, like the names of the senators from your state, your governor, or your mayor.
Q1. What are the colors of our flag?
A1. Red, White, and Blue.
Q2. How many stars are there in our flag?
Q3. What color are the stars on our flag?
Q4. What do the stars on the flag mean?
Q5. How many stripes are there in the flag?
Q6. What color are the stripes?
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Q18. For how long do we elect the President?
Q19. What is the Constitution?
Q20. Can the Constitution be changed?
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Q22. How many changes or amendments are there to the Constitution?
Q23. How many branches are there in our government?
Q24. What are the three branches of our government?
Q25. What is the legislative branch of our government?
Q26. Who makes the laws in the United States?
Q28. What are the duties of Congress?
Q30.. How many senators are there in Congress?
Q31. Can you name the two senators from your state?
Q32. For how long do we elect each senator?
Q33. How many representatives are there in Congress?
Q34. For how long do we elect the representatives?
Q35. What is the executive branch of our government?
Q36. What is the judiciary branch of our government?
Q37. What are the duties of the Supreme Court?
Q38. What is the supreme law of the United States?
Q39. What is the Bill of Rights?
Q40. What is the capital of your state?
Q41. Who is the current governor of your state?
Q42. Who becomes President of the United States if the President and the Vice-President should die?
Q43. Who is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?
A43. John G. Roberts, Jr.
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Q45. Who said, "Give me liberty or give me death."?
Q46. Which countries were our enemies during World War II?
Q47. What are the 49th and 50th states of the Union?
Q48. How many terms can a President serve?
Q49. Who was Martin Luther King, Jr.?
Q50. Who presides over your local government?
Q51. According to the Constitution, a person must meet certain requirements in order to be eligible to become President. Name one of these requirements.
Q52. Why are there 100 Senators in the Senate?
Q53. Who selects the Supreme Court justices?
Q54. How many Supreme Court justices are there?
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Q57. What is the head executive of a city government called?
Q58. What holiday was celebrated for the first time by American colonists?
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Q60. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?
Q61. What is the basic belief of the Declaration of Independence?
Q62. What is the national anthem of the United States?
Q63. Who wrote the Star-Spangled Banner?
Q64. Where does freedom of speech come from?
Q65. What is the minimum voting age in the United States?
Q66. Who signs bills into law?
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Q68. Who was President during the Civil War?
Q69. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
Q70. What special group advises the President?
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Q72. What Immigration and Naturalization Service form is used to apply to become a naturalized citizen?
Q73. Who helped the Pilgrims in America?
Q74. What is the name of the ship that brought the Pilgrims to America?
Q75. What were the 13 original states of the U.S. called?
Q76. Name 3 rights or freedoms guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.
1. The right of freedom of speech, press, religion, peaceable assembly and requesting change of government.
2. The right to bear arms (the right to have weapons or own a gun, though subject to certain regulations).
3. The government may not quarter, or house, soldiers in the people's homes during peacetime without the people's consent.
4. The government may not search or take a person's property without a warrant.
5. A person may not be tried twice for the same crime and does not have to testify against him/herself.
6. A person charged with a crime still has some rights, such as the right to a trial and to have a lawyer.
7. The right to trial by jury in most cases.
8. Protects people against excessive or unreasonable fines or cruel and unusual punishment.
9. The people have rights other than those mentioned in the Constitution.
10. Any power not given to the federal government by the Constitution is a power of either the states or the people.
Q77. Who has the power to declare war?
Q78. What kind of government does the United States have?
Q79. Which President freed the slaves?
Q80. In what year was the Constitution written?
Q81. What are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution called?
Q82. What is the supreme law of the land?
Q83. Where does Congress meet?
A83. In the Capitol in Washington, D.C.
Q84. Whose rights are guaranteed by the Constitution and the Bill of Rights?
Q85. What is the introduction to the Constitution called?
Q86. Name one benefit to being a citizen of the United States?
Q87. What is the most important right granted to U.S. citizens?
Q88. What is the United States Capitol?
Q89. What is the White House?
Q90. Where is the White House located?
Q91. What is the name of the President's official home?
Q92. Name one right guaranteed by the first amendment.
Q93. Who is the Commander in Chief of the U.S. military?
Q94. Which President was the first Commander in Chief of the U.S. military?
Q95. In what month do we vote for President?
Q96. In what month is the new President inaugurated?
Q97. How many times may a Senator be re-elected?
Q98. How many times may a Congressman be re-elected?
Q99. What are the 2 major political parties in the U.S. today?
Q100. How many states are there in the United States?


text:
Reseachers Say Bees' Nests May Be 200 Million Years Old
June 18, 1995 12 AM PT
<i> from Associated Press</i>
BOULDER, Colo. —
Three scientists have uncovered fossilized bees' nests in Arizona that appear to be more than 200 million years old, forcing paleontologists to reconsider the evolutionary timetable of flowering plants.
"The old school of thought was that flowers brought about the bees," said Stephen Hasiotis, a geology doctoral student at the University of Colorado at Boulder. "It was probably the other way around."
More than 100 fossilized nests were found in northeastern Arizona's Petrified Forest National Park by Hasiotis and Russel Dubiel, of the U.S. Geological Society, and Tim Demko of Colorado State University.
The nests date to about 220 million years ago.
If they were made by bees and wasps, as Hasiotis and others believe, it would push back the known origin of social, pollinating insects by 140 million years.
Hasiotis presented the discoveries at a recent Geological Society of America meeting in Bozeman, Mont.
The development of flowering plants and pollinating insects has been closely tied for millions of years.
Scientists believed their evolution was synchronized, or perhaps the distribution of flowers prompted insect development.
Now, the fossil discovery, as well as several other fossil discoveries in the last two years, indicate that insects started the process.
The bees' nests also indicate that bees and wasps were social creatures more than 200 million years ago.
The previous earliest known bee-fossil evidence--found in New Jersey--was thought to be about 80 million years old, while wasp-fossil evidence found in Brazil was estimated at 16 million years of age.
The major doubt is whether the nests uniquely belonged to bees, because no fossilized insects were found in the nests, according to Kirk Johnson, a paleobotanist at the Denver Museum of Natural History.
Hasiotis said the nests are flask-shaped and have smooth walls. The only creatures that make similar structures today are bees and wasps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace GlueView2.EmbeddedPlugins.ProjectTreeView.ViewModels
{
    class CustomVariableViewModel
    {
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Hummus is a popular sauce/dressing that originated from Arabia with Hummus meaning chickpeas. It is made with cooked chickpeas, olive oil, salt, lemon juice and tahini sauce all blended together in a rich, creamy sauce. Hummus is a staple serving in the Middle East and Mediterranean cuisine; however, its health benefits have made it common in many houses as a common condiment.
The main ingredient in hummus is chickpeas which contain a number of nutrients such as proteins, Vitamin B, Manganese, Dietary Fiber and minerals. The most authentic recipe of hummus is low in fat with no sugar and very few calories; however, the recent innovations in the recipe contain artificial flavors and chemicals that are added to extend the shelf life.
Hummus also contains healthy fats such as polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats that help maintain cholesterol levels, control blood sugar and prevent the body from heart diseases. The high quantity of fibre in Hummus is also helpful in controlling body weight and a research suggests that regular intake of Hummus helps in achieving a low BMI. Research also says that hummus fans don't fall obese and also tend to have controlled glucose/sugar levels.
Hummus is very easy and quick to make a sauce. There isn't a definite recipe or ratio to it but the taste and texture of the dressing are very much dependent on the quality of chickpeas you are using and how well they are boiled. Below are some simple recipes that will give you home-made hummus anytime around.
3 1/2 cups soaked/cooked chickpeas. You may use the canned ones as well.
Soak and cook the chickpeas in water with some baking soda. Drain them once they are tenderly boiled and let them rest at room temperature. In case you are using canned beans, drain and rinse properly.
If you want a very creamy hummus dressing, remove the skin of chickpeas. To do so, put cooked chickpeas in a skillet and add 1tbsp of baking soda to it. Mix well and keep on medium heat for a few minutes, constantly stirring the beans till the heat is thoroughly absorbed. As the beans are well-heated, you will see the skin separating. At this stage, transfer the beans into a bowl and add cold water into it, gently folding the beans with your hands in a way that the skin peels off. You can also use running water to do this.
Now pour all the peeled chickpea beans into a blender or food processor and add tahini paste, lemon juice, garlic, salt, cumin, olive oil and cayenne pepper. Blend nicely until the mixture is smooth and creamy.
If you wish to add more salt or vinegar, make sure you blend the mixture again for consistent taste.
If you want the hummus to be slightly liquidy, add lukewarm water and mix well.
Hummus is ideally served in a bowl or plate, with a tiny hollow well in the centre for the garnish of parsley, olive oil and paprika.
For hundreds of years, hummus is used in different forms around the world. The most traditional and favourite serving of hummus is inspired by Israel where it is served with herbs, olive oil and pita bread. In Egypt, Hummus is seasoned with cumin and spices and served with pita bread. In Palestine and Jordan, hummus is used in all three meals. They also make a famous dish with hummus and yoghurt known as Laban ma' hummus which is served with toasted bread.
Today many restaurants use hummus as an appetizer, dip and serve it with crackers and tortilla, as a dressing for salads, and sauce for rolls, subs and shawarma.
Hummus is healthy and delicious but too much of anything is not good for health and the same rule is applied for Hummus. One cup of hummus has approx. 408 calories, which is a great count for daily intake. Daily, a large quantity of hummus may also cause bloating, diarrhoea and other stomach related problems. Therefore it is always suggested to consume carefully as a starter or appetizer to control its proportion.


text:
Q: Intent type ACTION_SENDTO in Android. How does it work? In my application I would like to send a message to someone (contact in phone) and I want user to decide which channel (SMS, e-mail, ...) he will use.
Documentation suggest that ACTION_SENDTO shall be used in this case. I'm using following code:
    private static void launchNewShareIntent(Context c, String subject, String text, String dialogTitle, Uri recipient) {
    Intent shareintent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO);
    shareintent.setData(recipient);
    shareintent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject);
    shareintent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, text);
    shareintent.setType("text/plain");
    shareintent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
    c.startActivity(Intent.createChooser(shareintent, dialogTitle));
}

where recipient is for example: content://com.android.contacts/contacts/755
However, the phone displays a dialog box with: "No applications can perform this action."
Has anybody succeeded with ACTION_SENDTO?

A: ACTION_SENDTO does not appear to support a contact like you are using it, nor did I see anything in the documentation that implies that (to me, at least).  Passing a URI such as sms://2065551212, however, worked great for me.  Note, also, that ACTION_SENDTO does not support EXTRA_SUBJECT nor EXTRA_TEXT.  See ACTION_SENDTO for sending an email
Thanks,
--randy


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