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Kaéche Liburd
Still from film 'Angelica.'
These 9 Films Prove Caribbean Cinema Is On the Rise
A recap of nine standout films hailing from the Caribbean featured at this year's Pan-African Film Festival.
Islanders made their mark on films from all geographic regions at the 2018 Pan-African Film Festival. This festival's selections captured the evolution of language, spiritual practices, food and art of a people whose descendants were forcefully removed from the African continent. Caribbean tales bridged the waters that lie between the African continent and the Americas. The story of the transatlantic holocaust of enslavement that began in the mid-15th century and brought some Africans to the Caribbean region echoes in the voices of the present-day inhabitants. The region's soca music moved festival goers at the opening night's party as well as in the final night's screening. As usual, you could count on the Caribbean artists to deliver both education and entertainment.

Haiti led the slave revolts that would later topple plantation societies across the region. Perhaps there's another fight against oppression that is now being lead by Haitian filmmakers. Lalo's House is a film inspired by real events as it shares the story of two young sisters who are abducted and brought to an underground child rape network where they will be sold to sex traffickers. The organization poses as a Catholic orphanage and shows the horrific things that can take place in an orphanage. The film provides data including statistics about the estimated 85 orphanages that now function unregulated in Haiti.

According to this movie, the majority of children in these orphanages aren't orphans, but instead are kidnapped children. Subject to sexual abuse within a religious institution that is supposed to protect vulnerable persons, the young girls are preyed upon. "I needed to tell this story. It could be me, it could be my sister, it could be anybody…" says Garcelle Beauvais, executive producer and lead actress. The commodification of children's bodies is combined with a nun's waning conscience, a conscience that completely disappears when a handful of cash is flashed before her face. This presentation earned The Pan-African Film Festival's Programmers' Award for best short film. To counter the stories of suffering in this film are the stories of success by Haitian artists.

Haiti Is A Nation of Artists is all about Haitian exceptionalism. Art thrives and the resourcefulness of the people is easily observed. This film features Guyodo, a sculptor who displays ultimate national pride. "The art is the power of Haiti," says Guyodo. "It is something you don't understand because it is over your head." Some of the world's most beautiful art comes from a people who have had more than their share of disasters, including a major earthquake that hit the island in 2010.

The ties that bind often threaten to break due to forced migration. Jimmy Jean-Louis Goes to Tijuana for Haitian Food captures the daily lives of Haitian immigrants who left Haiti after the catastrophic earthquake of 2010. In their journey to reach the United States, many are stymied in Mexico, unable to cross the border. The changing of the political recognition of their refugee status continues to negatively affect them and they live in uncertainty. Descendants of Haitian immigrants such as Meta Golding have migrated to the United States and thrive in the midst of stigma held by some against people of Haitian background.

Behind the Movement stars Meta Golding as Rosa Parks. A woman of Haitian descent, Golding's performance decants the private life of Parks as she publicly agitates for the fair treatment of black people in 1955 segregated America. She shares the screen with the acting greatness Isaiah Washington, Roger Guenveur Smith and Loretta Devine. Asked what she hopes this story will instill in viewers, the film's writer Katrina O'Gilvie states "[that] it inspires others to take charge and lead their own movements." The Caribbean footprint deepened as the festival progressed.

 Jamaican filmmaker Sasha-Gay Lewis portrayed the real lives of people affected by crime fighting through the documentary The Incursion. In May of 2010, the Jamaican military and police descended on Tivoli Gardens in their search for notorious drug boss, Christopher 'Dudus' Coke. Soldiers entered the village in armored cars, with bullets and bombs piercing through the walls of residents. In the canvassing and crossfire, many civilian lives were lost. Relatives of the deceased shared their stories, allowing us to focus on the victims of crime fighting and the innocent who sometimes pay for the guilty. An alternate narrative is told about the experiences of the families who continue to suffer from the loss of loved ones in the raid of their homes. Familial love is an ever present topic in the stories of the Caribbean family.

"Love is all we need," says Stana Roumillac, the leading actress in Torments of Love. This story features Vana and Myriam, sisters who were raised by their father in Le Saintes, Guadeloupe. Their dad could not give them what they most desperately desired because he was physically present, but emotionally absent. In adulthood, Vana and Myriam make a final attempt to connect with their father, but he is still a shell of a man with limited ability to express love. And what happens when a father's love is expressed way too late in life? You get the story of Angelica, an Afro-Puerto Rican woman who survives what Americans call colorism, but I prefer to call the "colortocracy."

In the colortocracy, merit is assigned according to the lightness of your skin complexion. Angelica, whose skin in much darker than that of her mother, resembles her father and is called "la negra." This translates to "the black girl." Her mother looks European, her father looks African, and the family indirectly mourns the dark color of Angelica's skin throughout her whole life. Angelica gets her father to say "I love you" for the first time when he is on his deathbed. By this point, she has allowed an abusive European boyfriend to treat her as his melanin fetish, and she has settled in most other areas of her life. The broad brush with which society often paints intra-ethnic racism leaves many intricate details to be researched at a later time by the viewer. Yet, this tragedy is a variation on the theme of oppression due to superficial characteristics. The takeaway is that kinfolk who aren't skinfolk may ostracize you too! But this Caribbean circumstance is only part of a larger heritage.

If you have any doubts about the connection of the Caribbean to the African continent, they would be easily erased by a musical journey between western Africa and the Caribbean. Bigger Than Africa, a documentary film directed by Toyin Ibrahim Adekeye, features the invention of the steel pan in Takurigo, Trinidad & Tobago. This musical instrument, created in praise of Ogún, the Yoruba orisha of iron, was the only acoustic musical instrument invented in the 20th century. Evolving since the 1880s after a ban on African drumming, the instrument sets the sankofa scene. "Sankofa" is a word from the Twi language which means, go back and get what might otherwise be forgotten. Avery Ammon and Keith Diaz take a steel pan from Trinidad and Tobago back to the Yoruba empire and present it to the heir to the throne. This type of artistic homecoming continues in the fusion of Afrobeat and soca music.

The Caribbean contribution to the 2018 festival was present until the very end with Machel Montano: Journey of a Soca King, a documentary directed by Bart Phillips. Machel Montano is intensely committed to spreading soca across the world and often introducing soca in fusion with other music forms such as Afrobeats. On a prodigious path since the age of 7, he's an artist whose rebellion is a result of his insistence on representing uniquely Caribbean music wherever he goes. His intentions are clear as Montano leads us on a cinematic journey through his personal and professional struggles that result in his spiritual growth. Mas, or a Caribbean carnival, is always the mission. More importantly, Montano says that "the mission is oneness, the mission is unity, and the mission is peace."

The fact is that enslaved Africans were brought on boats from West Africa to North and South America. A Caribbean person's cultural inheritance depends on which boat stop their ancestors were disembarked and sold. This is supported by the commonalities that resurface in this festival's films. In between these continents are islands that serve as dots to connect the past origins with the present diaspora. Whether African, African-American, Afro-Caribbean, or black, parts of your stories were covered. With different nationalities in the Caribbean, this was a good reminder that many came on the same boat, but just got off at a different stop.


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Tag: Catholic Podcast
The Eyes of Faith: What The Virtue of Faith Helps You See
on November 5, 2021 November 5, 2021 By Richaél Lucero | Clumsy Theosis Founder
When you think about the virtue of Faith, this iconic infomercial phrase should come to mind. "But wait! There's more!" Faith is a gift by which we believe in God and believe all that he has revealed to us. When you have the eyes of faith God's revelation is constant. Listen as Richaél Lucero points out how God uses this virtue to reveal how each event in your day is a supernatural one.
Run With Perseverance
on September 24, 2021 September 24, 2021 By Richaél Lucero | Clumsy Theosis Founder
Sharing some wisdom from C.S. Lewis, Richaél Lucero explains why God doesn't want rule followers. Instead he wants people who have a special quality of character. A quality that eggs them on to persevere. Like athletes who train even when they're tired and their muscles fatigued—God is conditioning us to be spiritual athletes.
How Temperance Actually Gives You More
What is today's formula for happiness? In a word, MORE. Happiness is to have it all, experience it all—and to the nth degree. This sounds nothing like the virtue of temperance. The irony is that when we practice temperance we end up with more. And this more actually satisfies. It's the Christian paradox! Listen as Richaél Lucero reveals how this is possible.
Heroic Virtue & Holy Detachment
Heroic virtue isn't just for the martyrs—it's for all the faithful. The key to living heroic virtue is *holy detachment.* But holy detachment is not about emptiness or nothingness. It's actually about being filled up! Listen to learn more of what holy detachment is, isn't, and why it goes hand-in-hand with heroic virtue. Plus, Richaél Lucero will explain how to practice holy detachment.
on August 27, 2021 August 27, 2021 By Richaél Lucero | Clumsy Theosis Founder
Courage. Both a virtue and a gift from the Holy Spirit. Both intended to be inseparable by God. And both masterfully captured through three words in C.S. Lewis' Narnia series; "Courage, dear heart." Richaél Lucero ties Lewis' work with scripture and Church teaching on courage in this episode. Listen as she demonstrates how the gift develops the virtue and their lasting effect.
How to Develop Virtues: 3 Simple Steps
You can grow in virtue—and thus holiness—with three simple steps. Yes, you read that—only three steps. Listen as Richaél Lucero provides actionable and tactical tips to develop any virtue. Using the oh-so-relatable example of the morning alarm snooze button, she'll walk you through all the elements of each step. Get ready to grow your virtue game.
Justice and the Gift of Piety
Justice. Is it about punishment or vengeance? Many would say "yes." Jesus and the Church say "no." Mystic and saint, Bridget of Sweden said, "the source of justice is not vengeance but charity." As in love! And she was right! Richaél Lucero looks at the work of St. Thomas Aquinas to clarify the misunderstood virtue of justice. To show that it is rooted in love and for human flourishing. Plus the gift of the Holy Spirit that helps us to live the virtue of justice, piety.
The Virtues Gone Mad
on July 30, 2021 August 13, 2021 By Richaél Lucero | Clumsy Theosis Founder
Vices, bad. Virtues, good. Right? Not according to G.K. Chesterton. He'd say, when compared, "the virtues wander more wildly, and the virtues do more terrible damage." How is that possible?! That's what happens when they become isolated from the other virtues—especially prudence. Listen as Richaél Lucero breaks down how this can happen. And why it has a negative effect on a positive thing like a virtue. Plus why the Church Fathers would agree with Chesterton.
Prudence and Gift of Council
Do you know someone who always seems to know what to do, when to do it, and how to get it done right? They have what we call the virtue of prudence. Richaél Lucero is digging into all things prudence related in this episode. Listen to learn about the daughter virtues of prudence, different types of prudence, the sins against prudence (and how to guard against them), and the gift of the Holy Spirit that corresponds with prudence.
God's Design for Your Happiness: Natural Virtue
Grace builds on nature. If we want to grow in supernatural virtue, we must heed this saying. We start by first setting a foundation of natural virtue. Richaél Lucero explains how that's done, what natural virtue is, and why it's important in the lives of all people. Plus, what God wants to do with it for our eternal benefit.
St. Benedict and How to Pray When You're Busy
on July 9, 2021 July 9, 2021 By Richaél Lucero | Clumsy Theosis Founder
If daily uninterrupted prayer is the ideal, what does that imply about the rest of our daily activities—are they less meaningful? With this practice established by monks of old, even the busy person can elevate their daily work and stay connected to God without missing a beat. Richaél Lucero outlines how you can too.
Theosis and the Virtues
on July 2, 2021 August 13, 2021 By Richaél Lucero | Clumsy Theosis Founder
"The goal of the virtuous life is to become like God," St. Gregory of Nyssa. As a Christian this is your mission—theosis, become like God. Cultivating the virtues is essential for theosis. So, how are you growing in virtue? Do you have a routine, strategy, or even a general approach? Richaél Lucero explains what virtues are, where they come from, how we get them, and God's presence in the process.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Conyers Story is infinitely old and infinitely new—united with so many of its kind. It is a never-ending story of a loving God in merciful pursuit of his pilgrim people. Explore the story of Conyers and fully comprehend the essence of Our Lord's tremendous love for us, and the love of the most powerful evangelist of all time, Our Loving Mother.
Over time, visions of the Blessed Virgin Mary have occurred in many places, such as Mexico City, Mexico, Lourdes, Fatima and Medjugorje—all part of Our Lady's continuous evangelization efforts to bring people to Her Son.
Through his worldwide travels and voluminous writings, Pope John Paul II has worked as a tireless evangelist. Throughout his pontificate, he has proclaimed the urgency of a new, missionary evangelization, calling all believers in Christ to a new Evangelization—new in ardor, methods and expression, particularly in America.
In 1987, on a pilgrimage to Medjugorje, Yugoslavia, an ordinary woman heard Our Lord calling her to become a prophet. Since 1983, she had been having mystical experiences.
The woman was led to a house in Conyers, Georgia where she was directed by Our Lord to build an altar of stones with a wooden cross on the small hill behind her house. Our Lord told her that he had made the ground holy.
On October 13, 1990, the Blessed Virgin Mary expanded her missionary efforts by appearing to the woman in Conyers. Her monthly apparitions were again an act of evangelization—to bring more souls to her Son. In Her appearances, the Blessed Mother called her spiritual children to act as witnesses for Her Son—to evangelize.
Beside the visionary's home was a well—which she said the Lord had blessed. Many pilgrims have drawn the well water and experienced associated healings.
In 1991, in response to requests from Our Lord and the Blessed Virgin Mary to build a church to honor the Mother of God under the title of Our Loving Mother, a pilgrim couple, Bob and Bernice Hughes, purchased the 30-acre surrounding "Farm" as an act of faith in the Conyers messages. In mid-August, they made the Farm available to the visionary and pilgrims to assemble and pray.
In September of 1991, the Catholic Archbishop of Atlanta issued his first public statement on the Conyers apparitions. In his statement, he cautioned against any financial gain on the part of the visionary or her associates, warning that this would severely discredit the apparitions. Thus, the non-profit Our Loving Mother's Children, Inc. was born.
On September 13, 1991, with several hundred pilgrims present, the Blessed Virgin Mary appeared for the first time on the Farm. Her monthly apparitions on the 13th continued until May 1994. The Hughes family later donated the main property at the Farm and other purchased nearby properties to OLMC and the Catholic Church.
That same month, with funding from the Hughes family, OLMC published its first book of Conyers messages. Two months later, the organization was formally incorporated as a non-profit religious educational organization.
With the publication of OLMC's first book, and the organization of regular prayer services on the 13th at the Farm, the number of pilgrims grew from a few thousand at the beginning of 1992 to an estimated 25,000 by the end of the year.
Subsequent books based on the messages were published, along with The Conyers Journal—a monthly publication summarizing messages from Our Lord and the Blessed Virgin Mary. Pilgrims, both physically present and abroad, were connected to Conyers—and the messages in the newsletter were openly shared online.
In May 1994, the Blessed Virgin Mary began appearing less frequently—once a year on October 13. The crowds of pilgrims present at each apparition increased substantially, making OLMC's efforts to care for pilgrims more and more extensive. On May 13, 1994, the Blessed Virgin's last monthly visit, approximately 80,000 to 100,000 pilgrims gathered together. It was then that Our Lady requested that the pilgrims begin living the messages at Conyers—and that abundant graces would continue to flow to pilgrims that visited the apparition site.
Bob and Bernie Hughes and OLMC acquired additional land surrounding the apparition site, which served to meet the needs of pilgrims for parking and gathering. In addition to serving the pilgrims, the purchases protected the site from opportunistic commercial development.
In line with the increasing number of pilgrims, infrastructure requirements increased. And OLMC responded to these specifications, starting a fund for the purposes of meeting County requests.
Pilgrims from all over the world gathered, sometimes in torrential downpours and blizzards. Through some of the most difficult weather conditions came beautiful stories of faithfulness and sacrifice.
Many pilgrims were blessed over the years in various ways including extraordinary photographs, rosaries changing to a golden color and miracles of healing and conversion.
One such pilgrim was Catalina Rivas, who was moved by what she experienced at Conyers, and began to progress on a conversion journey back to God and the Church. During her experience on Holy Hill at Conyers, Catalina experienced the stigmata, the wounds of Christ.
Over time, Our Lord revealed that Catalina had a beautiful role to play in His plan for Conyers. Some time before Catalina's arrival, the visionary had requested a sister that would share in her experiences with Jesus and Our Loving Mother. In the year 1993, Our Lord revealed that the visionary's request had been granted, and a sister was among her. This sister in faith was Catalina.
The visionary and Catalina formed a spiritual sisterhood, and the visionary played a significant role in Catalina's journey back to Christ. But Catalina's journey of faith had only begun. In 1993, she began receiving messages from the Blessed Mother and Jesus. Her stigmata became visible, and she began evangelizing for Our Lord and Our Loving Mother.
In October 1995, the visionary said that Jesus told her that she was to withdraw from the public into solitary prayer and that he had created many other witnesses. Three such witnesses were Dr. Castañón, Catalina Rivas, and Ron Tesoriero.
Catalina, in particular, received a large number of messages immediately following the appearance of her stigmata. Her messages were later published with the Imprimatur of the Archbishop of Cochabamba, Bolivia.
In March of 1998, the Archbishop of Cochabamba issued a Lenten Pastoral Letter entitled "The New Evangelization." In this formal Church Document, the Archbishop announced the formation of the Apostolate of the New Evangelization and its program, "The Crusade of Love and Mercy." OLMC was to later use his model for its Crusade of Love and Mercy, drawing upon the Conyers messages, which were profoundly summarized in these two words.
On the night of October 12, 1998, thousands of pilgrims were situated on Holy Hill, praying and waiting for the Blessed Virgin Mary's final appearance.
At noon on October 13, 1998, the Blessed Virgin Mary appeared to the visionary for the last time in the presence of 100,000+ pilgrims. Thousands more joined to pray the rosary through satellite, officially beginning the Worldwide Rosary for Peace, which continues today.
In Her message Our Loving Mother said that She wants us to imitate Jesus and said it is pleasing to God when we honor Her. She wanted us to pray for the Holy Souls in purgatory and they in turn will pray for us. She wants us to be ready for Heaven and not store up treasures of the world.
She wants us to pray the Rosary for peace and strength against the evils of this age and to make consecrations to the Sacred Heart of Her Son and to Her Immaculate Heart. She said that on this day God presents to the world the title Our Loving Mother. She went on to say that if we honor Her under this title, many graces will fall from Heaven upon us. Her parting words were for us to be Holy Witnesses and walk by faith.
Our Loving Mother also left the world with two special messages—one for Her priests and the other for Her religious daughters. She said they were receiving special graces so as to be renewed and be able to fulfill the Will of God.
At the end of the apparitions it was learned that the visionary had seen countless souls appearing behind Our Loving Mother, one after another, all dressed in gray. Our Loving Mother said many souls were going to be released from purgatory because of the presentation of Her title to the world by God.
The Blessed Virgin Mary made it known that Conyers would remain her Home and a fountain of grace for all who faithfully visit the site.
OLMC carried forward its mission of caring for and supporting the pilgrims of Conyers, maintaining the apparition site, publishing and disseminating the messages of Jesus and Mary.
In 1998 and 1999, OLMC renovated and repaired the buildings at the farm. The old garage was transformed into a new Welcome Center for pilgrims. The old Information Center was transformed into a meeting facility for planned religious retreats, seminars and workshops on the New Evangelization and the Crusade of Love and Mercy—putting the messages of Conyers into action.
Catalina continued to receive powerful messages of Love and Mercy from Our Lord and Our Loving Mother. Together, with OLMC, Catalina set out on a mission to bring these profound messages to the world. The complete book collection of Catalina's messages can be found at Love and Mercy Publications' website, www.LoveAndMercy.org.This website is the publishing arm of OLMC.
Over time, the visionary withdrew farther from her public ministry, and in 2012, after a long battle with cancer, was united with Our Lord.
Today, the Farm and OLMC serve pilgrims from all over the world, providing a place to experience peace, love and healing. The 100+ acre site is filled with quiet places to pray and enter into a deeper relationship with Christ.
The blessed ground on which so many miraculous events occurred continues to transform and touch the lives of visiting pilgrims today.
Catalina presently volunteers her time in support of the Apostolate of the New Evangelization that was commissioned by her Archbishop in 1999. Her support includes giving talks worldwide, leading people to conversion, and encouraging them to commit themselves totally to God and support the Holy Father's call to the New Evangelization.
Through Catalina, Love and Mercy Publications and OLMC, the Conyers Messages continue to give life to our world. There is still much to be done, and we are unceasingly amazed at how Our Lord's plan for Conyers continues to unfold in beautiful and mysterious ways.
Learn more about Conyers today.
Here's what Conyers has to offer pilgrims from all over the world today.
Tell us about your personal encounter with Our Lord and Our Loving Mother at Conyers.


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Since teaching GrC452 Graphics in Motion I have moved south and begun working with www.SportsForceOnline.com a startup sports media company in San Diego in their video production department, and more recently www.streamlightvideo.com. Startups are as chaotic as they are exciting, and my experience working at both companies has been just that; a whirlwind of responsibilities and daily challenges all rolled into one position. One of the cool things about both of these positions is that in addition to my editing responsibilities I still get opportunities to create marketing collateral for use in print and in motion graphics.
Here is an example of a concept piece I did for the up coming Sports Force Online site launch.
Sports Force Site Launch - Concept Video from Tom Antl on Vimeo.
Welcome to the newest addition to the GrC department and its curriculum, GrC 452 - Graphics in Motion. This is easily one of the most fun, creatively challenging and value added classes you can choose to take during your time at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. Many of the best graphic design company's, marketing firms, and advertising agencies are highly interested in Cal Poly graduates because of our vast knowledge of print, design, and web design. Those same companies are exploring the use of motion graphics in traditional broadcasting and the latest emerging popular media, online video combined with motion graphics.
The video below contains a series of graphics that I began working with in Adobe Illustrator, exported to .png graphic files and imported into Final Cut Express HD. This is a great example of how you can create some very cool effects by applying some very simple effects, transitions, and motion properties to those graphics.
GrC 452 - Graphics in Motion will introduce students to the software and basic workflows involved in creating digital video, editing it, working with graphic assets in a digital video environment using Final Cut Express, and exporting the final product to Adobe's Flash, and Apple's Quicktime video formats.
Students will learn to integrate graphic assets created in Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop into video projects captured and edited during class. A secondary objective of the class is to introduce proper video hosting procedures, and online digital video best practices.
Custom branded Flash video player with link featuring green screen project demonstration.
Download Quicktime here free if you have trouble viewing.
P.S. I would count on going to open lab hours a few times during the quarter if you choose to enroll in this course.
Thank you, see you in class!
© Copyright 2007-2008 www.grc452.com All Rights Reserved.


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Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team
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Treblinka
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Georg Wippern
Franz Stangl
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A-R Staff
Perpetrators Speak
Work Kommando's
The Gas Chambers at Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka
Himmler & A-R
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Recuperation from Mass Murder
AR Conclusion
Post War Trials
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Home - Holocaust Prelude - Euthanasia - Einsatzgruppen - Aktion Reinhard - Ghettos - Revolt & Resistance
Other Camps - Holocaust Economics - The German Occupation - Survivors Stories - Trials - Image Gallery - Appendix A-Z
Treblinka Death Camp History
The Willenberg Drawing of Treblinka
The death camp at Treblinka was located in the north-eastern region of the Generalgouvernement, in a sparsely populated area near Malkinia Gora, a junction on the Warsaw – Bialystok railway line, some 4km northwest of the small Treblinka village and its railway station.
Near to an established Arbeitslager (forced labour camp) known as Treblinka l, the site chosen was heavily wooded and well hidden from view. Treblinka I housed both Poles and Jews, and was located by a gravel pit, one and half km from the site of the death camp.
The labour camp functioned from June 1941 until 23 July 1944. The death camp was established as part of Aktion Reinhard. Construction work began at the beginning of April 1942, after SS men came to the village of Poniatowo and inspected the locality.
The building contractors were the German construction firms `Schonbronn' from Leipzig, and `Schmidt – Munstermann', which had an office in Warsaw. SS- Hauptsturmführer Richard Thomalla from the SS-Bauleitung Zamosc supervised the construction work. Primarily, the workers building the death camp were Jews brought there in trucks from neighbouring villages, such as Wegrow and Stoczek Wegrowski. Prisoners, mainly Polish, from the Treblinka l labour camp were also utilised in the building work. The witness Lucjan Puchala recalled:
"Initially we did not know the reason for building the branch track, and it was only at the end of the job that I found out from conversation among the Germans that the track was to lead to a camp for Jews. The work took two weeks and it was completed on 15 June 1942. Parallel to the construction of the track, earthworks continued.
The Station at Malkini
The SS-men and Ukrainians supervising the work killed a few dozen people every day, so that when I looked from the place where I worked to the place where the Jews worked, the field was covered with corpses. The imported workers were used to dig deep ditches and to build various barracks. In particular, I know that a building was built of bricks and concrete, which as I later learned, contained people to be exterminated".
The camp's first commander was the Austrian SS-Obersturmführer, Dr Irmfried Eberl, who had served in Bernburg (a "euthanasia" killing centre), and also, for a short time, at the Sobibor death camp. In August 1942 Eberl was relieved of his command by Globocnik, when Globocnik and Wirth visited Treblinka, having been made aware of a chaotic breakdown in the extermination process.
This had arisen because Eberl had accepted more transports than Treblinka could handle. In late August Eberl was replaced by SS-Obersturmführer Franz Stangl, the former commander of the Sobibor death camp. Christian Wirth stayed in Treblinka to sort out the chaos created by Eberl, and brought several experienced SS-men from Belzec, such as Franz and Hackenholt, to assist with the task.
The camp staff of Treblinka, responsible for the smooth operation of the mass killings, consisted of about 35–40 Germans, all of whom wore the field-grey uniform of the Waffen-SS. None of them held a rank lower than SS-Unterscharführer.
They came either from the Waffen-SS, or from the General (Allgemeine) SS, but some had previously served with the Police, and many had experience of working at various "euthanasia" killing centres. Men like Franz, Kuttner, Miete, Mentz, Hirtreiter, and Matthes, were already brutal mass murderers. In addition to the Germans, there were approximately 90– 120 Ukrainian auxiliaries, who mainly assisted with guard duties.
As distinct from the Germans, these men wore black uniforms, and were armed with carbines; the German camp staff all carried pistols, and sometimes sub-machine guns. Most of the Ukrainian guards were former Soviet prisoners of war who had volunteered to serve the Germans, and had been trained at the Trawniki camp.
Treblinka Map used at Stangl's Trial
Some of them were of German extraction (the so-called Volksdeutsche), and certain of the latter were appointed platoon or squad commanders. Some Ukrainians were also used to operate the gas chambers, amongst them the infamous Ivan Marchenko and Nikolay Shaleyev.
700-1,000 Jewish inmates performed the manual labour, including certain aspects of the extermination process, and in addition attended to the personal needs of the SS staff. Groups of Jewish specialists were employed on construction work, cutting pine branches in the forest to be used as camouflage for the barbed wire fences, but most Jewish labour was used in sorting and bundling the clothes, goods, and valuables taken from their murdered fellow Jews. The prisoners were selected for labour from incoming transports, and most were killed within a short time, particularly in the early days of the camp.
In September 1942, Stangl introduced a permanent cadre of Jewish workers. Some worked at the ramp receiving the transports; these were known as "Blues", for the blue armbands they wore. The undressing commando were known as the "Reds", because of their red armbands. A further commando worked in the upper camp – the extermination area.
SS Man Running in Treblinka
The camp was laid out in an irregular rectangle 400m by 600m, and was surrounded by a barbed wire fence intertwined with tree branches to block any view into the camp from the outside. A second outer fence consisting of barbed wire and anti-tank obstacles called `Spanish Horses', was also constructed at a later stage. Watchtowers 8m high were placed at each of the four corners of the camp, and additional towers were built in the extermination area.
The camp was divided into zones of nearly equal size - the SS and Ukrainian living area, the Auffanglager (the reception area), a great sorting barracks (the Wohnlager), the Jewish living and working quarters, and the Totenlager, also known as the upper camp. A 100m by 100m square was separated from the rest of the camp by a barbed wire fence. It contained three barracks forming a "U" shape. Here the Jewish prisoners who worked in the lower camp spent their nights. At the far side of the roll-call area of this section was the latrine, covered by a straw roof.
The transports arrived at the reception area in the southwest section of the camp. This area included the railway track, the station platform, which was 200m long, and the fake station. At the rail entrance on the spur into the camp a wooden gate was wrapped in barbed wire intertwined with tree branches. The railway line ended with a wooden buffer, and a wooden gate which was permanently locked. The Lazarett, a small execution site, was also in the reception area.
Those too ill or too weak, or those who would impede the flow to the gas chambers, such as the disabled and unaccompanied children, were taken to a fenced-in area with a small wooden building, from which flew a Red Cross flag. After undressing in a waiting room that contained red sofas, they were shot in the back of the neck and thrown into a pit in which a fire constantly burned. Kapo Kurland was in charge of the Lazarett, and later was to become a leading figure in the revolt. Miete and Mentz were the brutal German killers at the Lazarett.
Alongside the ramp were two large barracks where the victim's belongings were sorted and stored. North of these storerooms was the station square. East of this section was a fenced-in area called variously the undressing square (Entkleidungsplatz), deportation square, or transport square. It was at this place the men were separated from the women and children. Two large barracks were situated here. The northern barrack was utilised by women to undress, as well as for the cutting of their hair by barbers who worked behind a partition wall at the end of the barrack. The southern barrack, was used in the early phase of the camp's existence for male prisoner's sleeping quarters. Later it was used as a storage depot for goods. Male victims undressed in the open air between the barracks.
Photo of the Treblinka Bakery
The extermination area, approximately 200m by 250m, where the mass murders were carried out, was in the southeastern part of the camp. This area was completely isolated from the rest of the camp by a barbed wire fence camouflaged with tree branches, as well as a high earthen mound, all of which prevented observation from the outside. The gas chambers were located inside the extermination area in a long brick building. During the camp's initial phase there were three gas chambers, each 4m by 4m, and 2.6m high, similar to the first gas chambers constructed at Sobibor. A room attached to the building contained a motor, which introduced the poisonous carbon monoxide gas through pipes into the chambers. The room also contained a generator, which supplied electricity to the entire camp.
The entrance doors to the old gas chambers opened onto a wooden corridor at the front of the building. Each of these doors was 1.8m high and 0.9m wide.
The doors were hermetically sealed and locked from the outside. Inside the gas chambers, opposite each entrance door, was another door made of thick and strong wooden beams, 2.5m wide, and 1.8m high. These doors were also hermetically sealed and opened in a similar manner to modern garage doors, i.e. upwards. They were propped open with wooden beams while the bodies were removed. The walls of the gas chambers were partially covered with white tiles. Showerheads and piping criss-crossed the ceiling, all designed to maintain the illusion of an ordinary shower room. The piping actually served to carry the poison gas into the chambers.
The witness Jan Sulkowski, a Polish prisoner from the Treblinka l forced labour camp, who helped construct the death camp from 19 May 1942, recalled:
"SS-men said it was to be a bath. Only later on when the building was almost completed, I realised it was to be a gas chamber. What was indicative of this was a special door of thick steel insulated with rubber, twisted with a bolt and placed in an iron frame, and also the fact that in one of the building compartments, an engine was installed from which 3 iron pipes led through the roof to the 3 remaining parts of the building.
A specialist from Berlin came to put tiles inside and he told me that he had already built such chambers elsewhere".
East of the gas chambers and close by them were huge ditches for burying the corpses. A number of these ditches were approximately 50m long, 25m wide, and 10m deep. The ditches were dug by an excavator brought from the quarry at the Treblinka 1 forced labour camp. Initially the bodies were brought from the gas chambers to the ditches by trolleys pushed by the Jewish Sonderkommando on a narrow gauge railway. However, this system proved to be impractical and was replaced by the carrying of corpses on stretchers.
Southeast of the gas chambers were two combined barracks enclosed by a barbed wire fence, erected as quarters for the upper camp Sonderkommando. The barracks included a kitchen, a toilet, and later a laundry. A watchtower and guardroom was built in the centre of the extermination area.
Mass grave in Treblinka
The undressing square in the lower camp was connected to the extermination area by the Schlauch (the "Tube"). This pathway, 80-90 m long and approximately 4m wide, was enclosed with 2m high camouflaged barbed wire fences. The Germans cynically called it the "Himmelfahrtstrasse" – The Road to Heaven". It commenced behind the women's undressing barrack and continued east and then south to the gas chambers. The naked Jews were driven along this path to the building containing the gas chambers by Germans and Ukrainians wielding whips.
The SS living area in the northwestern part of the camp comprised living quarters for the SS and Ukrainian personnel, who were housed in the Max Biala Kaserne, as well as the Kommandantur, offices, an infirmary, stores and workshops. At Christmas 1942, Stangl ordered the construction of a fake railway station. A wooden clock with painted numerals permanently indicating 6 o'clock, signs reading `ticket window', `cashier', `station-master' and various timetables and arrows falsely indicating train connections `To Warsaw -To Bialystok – To Wolkowysk' were displayed, as well as a signboard indicating to deportees that they had arrived at a station called `Obermajdan'.
In early 1943 the SS constructed a zoo and a relaxation area, complete with tables and sunshades, and also built a more elaborate main gate situated near the railroad entrance. The gate consisted of two wooden pillars each decorated with a metal flower, and crowned by a small roof which rested on the pillars; it resembled a Polish country-style gate. At night floodlights lit the entrance, Ukrainian and SS-men were posted at the main gate and at the guardhouse, which was built in Tyrolean style. At the entrance a sign read "SS Sonderkommando Treblinka".
The extermination process explained:
The incoming deportation trains generally consisted of 50-60 cattle wagons containing six to seven thousand people in total. After passing through Malkinia-Gora junction the trains crossed the Bug River, and came to a halt at the Treblinka village station. The station-master, named Franciszek Zabecki, was a member of the Polish underground, and a key observer of the events of 1942 and 1943.
Each transport was divided into sections of twenty wagons, and was pushed by a locomotive, driven by Emmerich and Klinzmann, officials of the Reichsbahn / Ostbahn, onto the siding leading to the camp. The remaining wagons waited at the station. As each section of the transport was about to enter the camp, SS and Ukrainian men took up position on the camp's railway platform and in the reception area. When the wagons stopped the doors were opened one at a time by the Blue Kommando and the SS men and Ukrainians ordered the Jews to leave the wagons. Oscar Strawczynski recalled:
Stangl Document
"We run out as fast as we can to avoid the whips lashing overhead, and find ourselves on a long narrow platform, crowded to capacity. All familiar faces – neighbours and acquaintances. The dust so tremendous, it obscures the sunlight. A smell of charred flesh stifles the breath. Unwittingly, I catch a glimpse of the mountains of clothing, shoes, bedding and of all kinds of wares that can be seen over the fence. But there is no time to think – the dense mass of people is pushed toward and jammed through a gate".
An SS officer then announced to the arrivals, that they had arrived at a transit camp from which they would be sent on to various labour camps, but first they had to take a shower for hygienic reasons, and to have their clothes disinfected. Any money and valuables in their possession were to be handed over for safekeeping and would be returned to them after they had showered.
Following this announcement the Jews were ordered to the undressing square.
At the entrance to the undressing square the men were ordered to the right for undressing, and the women and the children to the left. Supervised by the Red Kommando, this action had to be performed at running pace and was accompanied by shouting and beatings by the guards. After undressing, and in the case of the women, having their hair cut, the naked victims entered the "Tube" that led directly to the gas chambers. Many sources claim that the women and children were gassed first, whilst the naked men tidied up the yard first and then went to their deaths. Oscar Strawczynski again:
"But there, on that sorrowful transport square, there is no time for tears or feelings. I scarcely have time to hand my wife the carefully hidden blanket for the children. A brutal hand grips my shoulder and I am hurled to the other side of the square. I manage to stay with my gentle father. The place is packed with people. On one side are women with small children, on the opposite side, men, forced to kneel. In the middle there are SS –men, Ukrainians with weapons in their hands, as well as a group of about forty men with red armbands. These are Jews – the detachment of "Reds". In Treblinka slang they are called "Chevra Kedusha" (Society for Last Rites).
Most prominent among all in the square is a German officer, a stout man with a short beard, mounted on a beautiful brown horse. He moves haughtily on his horse, in the middle of the square.
At a certain point he turns toward the kneeling men and shouts: "Craftsmen out". A number of men step out. Most of them however, are sent back. Only a few are stood aside, where an SS-man makes a further selection, and groups the remaining men in threes. I am kneeling beside my father. My mind is completely blank. No feeling, not a thought. I do not even say a single word to my father."
Treblinka Armoury
Once the victims were locked in the gas chambers, the motor was started and the carbon monoxide gas was pumped in. Within 20–30 minutes, all of the victims were dead. Their bodies were removed from the chambers and taken to the burial or cremation ditches. In the initial phase, a section of twenty wagons containing 2,000–3,000 people could be liquidated within 3-4 hours. Later, with experience, the Germans managed to reduce this time to an hour and a half. Even as the first batch of Jews was being murdered, the railway wagons in which they had been transported were cleared and cleaned. Some 50 prisoners undertook this task, after which the wagons were pulled out of the camp to make room for the next batch of deportees.
At this time, another team of approximately 50 prisoners collected the clothes and goods that had been kept in the undressing square and transferred them to the sorting square. Here a sorting command searched the belongings for money or valuables and sorted the clothes. This command was also responsible for removing the Jewish Stars from the clothing, and destroying identity cards and other documents the Germans considered to be of no value. Once sorted, the victim's possessions were stored, and at the appropriate time were forwarded to the SS warehouses in Lublin.
200-300 prisoners, the Sonderkommando, were employed in the extermination area on such tasks as the removal of the corpses from the gas chambers, cleaning the chambers, extraction of the victim's gold teeth and burial of the bodies. From winter 1942/43 corpses were cremated by the Sonderkommando instead of being buried.
As at Belzec and Sobibor death camps, the Germans soon realised that the capacity of the gas chambers needed to be increased in order to exterminate the number of Jews still alive. Between early September 1942 and the beginning of October 1942, Wirth and Stangl took the decision to build larger extermination facilities. In order to obtain the bricks necessary for the construction of the new chambers, the SS scoured the local area. Eventually an old glass factory chimney at Malkinia was demolished by the camp's construction expert, Erwin Lambert, and the bricks were used to build the new extermination facilities.
An Excavator used at Treblinka
The new gas chambers each measured 4m x 8m. The total area covered by the three old chambers was 48 square metres; the new gas chambers encompassed an area of 320 square metres. The new gas chambers were 2m in height, about 0.60m lower than the old chambers. This lowering in height reduced the amount of gas required to kill the victims. A central corridor ran along the length of the building, with 5 gas chambers on either side of the corridor. The entrance doors and body removal doors of the gas chambers were of a similar design to the old gas chambers. Alongside the doors was a small glass panel set in the wall, through which SS-men and Ukrainians could observe the interior of the chambers. The entrance to the Gas
Chamber was covered by a Jewish ceremonial curtain, taken from a synagogue, where it had been used as a covering for the Ark (Aron Kodesh). Either on the curtain or on the building was the Hebrew inscription "This is the Gateway to God. Righteous Men will pass through". The gable over the entrance bore a large Star of David. To reach the opening of the building, the victims had to climb five wide steps, decorated on either side with potted plants.
The new gas chambers could exterminate a maximum of 3,800 people simultaneously; the old gas chambers had a maximum capacity of 600 people. Heinrich Matthes was the chief officer of the upper camp, assisted by Rum, Potzinger, Munzberger, Horn, Floss and others, including the Ukrainians Marchenko and Shaleyev. The extermination programme at Treblinka commenced on 23 July 1942. The first transports came from the Warsaw Ghetto, and by 21 September 1942, some 254,000 Jews from Warsaw itself and 112,000 Jews from other places in the Warsaw district had been murdered in Treblinka. Among the victims was Janusz Korczak, the noted director of a children's orphanage in Warsaw. Transports arriving from Austria included relatives of Sigmund Freud.
By the winter of 1942-43, 337,000 Jews from the Radom district had been killed, as well as 35,000 from the Lublin district. In total an estimated 738,000 Jews from the Generalgouvernement and more than 107,000 from the Bialystok district were slaughtered between July 1942 and April 1943.
Jews from outside Poland were also murdered at Treblinka, 7,000 Jews from Slovakia, were killed in the summer and autumn of 1942. Between 5 and 25 October 1942, five transports brought 8,000 Jews from Theresienstadt (Terezin). Over 4,000 Jews from Thrace, formerly a part of Greece but now annexed to Bulgaria, arrived in the latter half of March 1943. 7,000 Macedonian Jews were murdered between March 1943 and April 1943. At least one transport of 2,800 Jews was dispatched from Salonika at the end of March 1943. 2,000 Romany Gypsies were also murdered in Treblinka death camp. The extermination programmed continued until April 1943, after which time only a few isolated transports arrived. Some included the survivors of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
During spring 1943, a savage typhus epidemic ravaged the Jewish prisoners. Hundreds of the infected were sedated, then executed at the Lazarett by August Miete, and Willi Mentz.
Several individual attempts to escape and acts of resistance occurred; for example, the killing of SS-man Max Biala by Meir Berliner on 11 September 1942. Dr Julian Chorazycki, one of the leaders of the planned revolt, was discovered by Franz to be in possession of a large sum of money. Chorazycki unsuccessfully attacked Franz, and then took poison in order to avoid betraying the revolt.
The main task now facing the SS was the elimination of the evidence of the crime. Following a visit of Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler in early March 1943, the order was issued to cremate the bodies. The mass graves were opened and the corpses were exhumed and burned on huge cremation grids, constructed from railway tracks, under the guidance of SS-Scharführer Floss.
With the cremation of the bodies nearing completion, a resistance group including Lageraltester Engineer Galewski, the aforementioned Dr Julian Chorazycki, Zelo Bloch, Zvi Kurland, and Dr Leichert was formed and plans for a revolt were formalised. Dates for an uprising were agreed and then postponed. When it was clear that the uprising could no longer be delayed, the revolt was set to take place on the 2 August 1943, at 5pm. Weapons were removed by the resistance from the SS armoury, and distributed. On the appointed day, as the time of the uprising grew near, SS-men Franz and Rottner, together with 16 Ukrainians, went for a swim in the nearby Bug River, thereby depleting the SS garrison.
Richard Glazar Ausweis (revolt survivor)
When Kurt Kuttner, in charge of the lower camp, started beating a prisoner, the resistance leaders had no option but to fire a shot and start the revolt earlier than planned, as they were afraid the prisoner being beaten would reveal all.
The rebels possessing stolen weapons started the revolt at two minutes to four, opening fire on the camp guards. The petrol station exploded in a mass of flames thanks to Standa Lichtblau, who worked in the garage. Wooden barracks and fences were set ablaze, although the gas chambers were not damaged. The prisoners now tried to escape
from the camp. They were fired at by the guards in the watchtowers, and many died, entangled in the barbed wire that was strung across the anti-tank obstacles.
Most, if not all of the leaders of the revolt were not successful in escaping from the camp. Galewski did taste freedom, but did not survive the brutal aftermath of the uprising. The inmates who did escape were pursued by the local police and security forces, including guards from the forced labour camp at Treblinka I. Railway guards, Ukrainians on horseback and members of the Gendarmarie, also joined in the pursuit. The fire brigade from Malkinia arrived to put out the burning fires in the camp itself.
Of the 1,000 Jewish prisoners were alive when the revolt took place, approximately 200 managed to break out. Only 60 of those who escaped were alive at the end of the war to tell the world about the horrors of Treblinka. Of the prisoners who remained in the camp after the uprising, some were killed on the spot, whilst the rest were forced to demolish the remaining structures and obliterate all traces of the camp's murderous activities. Since the gas chambers had not been destroyed in the revolt, they continued to function and the last victims from Bialystok were gassed on 21 August 1943.
Remains of Treblinka in 1945 (note bones and remains)
When this final gassing was completed, the camp area was ploughed over and trees were planted. The camp was turned into a farm, and a Ukrainian guard named Streibel was settled there with his family in order to protect the site from being plundered by the local population. After Streibel and his family left the site in 1944, the local population descended on the former camp site looking for gold and other valuables. Whilst doing this they discovered parts of decomposed bodies.
The remaining Jewish prisoners were either shot or transferred to the Sobibor death camp on 20 October 1943, via Siedlce and Chelm. On 17 November 1943, the last transport departed, carrying equipment from the camp. Parts of the barracks had already been sent to Dorohucza labour camp on 4 November 1943.
There have been many attempts to accurately calculate the number of victims of the Treblinka death camp. Since the Nazis destroyed most of the relevant data, it is doubtful if a definitive figure will ever be established. However, based upon the most recent research, it is estimated that a total approaching 900,000 Jews were murdered in the camp between July 1942 and August 1943.
Dedicated to Tema Teigman (1903- 1942) murdered in the Treblinka Death Camp
Encyclopaedia of The Holocaust
Arad – Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka
Hilberg – Sonderzuge Nach Auschwitz
Donat – The Death Camp Treblinka
Sereny – Into that Darkness
Willenberg – Surviving Treblinka
Glazar – Trap with a Green Fence
Chrostowski – Extermination Camp Treblinka
Photos Sources:
Kurt Franz Album
Copyright: Chris Webb & Carmelo Lisciotto H.E.A.R.T 2007
Remember Me | Special Thanks | Holocaust Links | Publications
© 2010 H.E.A.R.T All Rights Reserved.


Leads to weakness, sore throat, fever, glands in the neck.
Poison destroys healthy respiratory system tissues: the dead tissue forms a thick, grey pseudomembrane which can make it hard to breathe and swallow.
Causes severe coughing spells, which can cause difficulty breathing, vomiting, and disturbed sleep.
Can lead to weight loss, incontinence, and rib fractures.
C. diphtheriae is an aerobic gram-positive bacillus. Toxin production (toxigenicity) occurs only when the bacillus is itself infected (lysogenized) by a specific virus (bacteriophage) carrying the genetic information for the toxin (tox gene). Only toxigenic strains can cause severe disease. The toxin causes local tissue destruction and pseudomembrane formation. The toxin produced at the site of the membrane is absorbed into the bloodstream and then distributed to the tissues of the body. The toxin is responsible for the major complications of myocarditis and neuritis and can also cause low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia) and protein in the urine (proteinuria).
The onset of anterior nasal diphtheria is indistinguishable from that of the common cold and is usually characterized by a mucopurulent nasal discharge (containing both mucus and pus) which may become blood-tinged. A white membrane usually forms on the nasal septum. The disease is usually fairly mild because of apparent poor systemic absorption of toxin in this location, and it can be terminated rapidly by diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotic therapy.
The most common sites of diphtheria infection are the pharynx and the tonsils. Infection at these sites is usually associated with substantial systemic absorption of toxin. The onset of pharyngitis is insidious. Early symptoms include malaise, sore throat, anorexia, and low-grade fever (<101°F). Within 2-3 days, a bluish-white membrane forms and extends, varying in size from covering a small patch on the tonsils to covering most of the soft palate. Often by the time a physician is contacted, the membrane is greyish-green, or black if bleeding has occurred. There is a minimal amount of mucosal erythema surrounding the membrane. The pseudomembrane is firmly adherent to the tissue, and forcible attempts to remove it cause bleeding. Extensive pseudomembrane formation may result in respiratory obstruction.
Laryngeal diphtheria can be either an extension of the pharyngeal form or can involve only this site. Symptoms include fever, hoarseness, and a barking cough. The membrane can lead to airway obstruction, coma, and death.
In the United States, cutaneous diphtheria has been most often associated with homeless persons. Skin infections may be manifested by a scaling rash or by ulcers with clearly demarcated edges and membrane, but any chronic skin lesion may harbor C. diphtheriae along with other organisms.
Rarely, other sites of involvement include the mucous membranes of the conjunctiva and vulvovaginal area, as well as the external auditory canal.
Tetanus is an acute, often fatal, disease caused by an exotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. It is characterized by generalized rigidity and convulsive spasms of skeletal muscles. The muscle stiffness usually involves the jaw (lockjaw) and neck and then becomes generalized.
C. tetani is a slender, gram-positive, anaerobic rod that is sensitive to heat and cannot survive in the presence of oxygen. The spores, in contrast, are very resistant to heat and the usual antiseptics. They can survive autoclaving at 249.8°F (121°C) for 10-15 minutes, and are also relatively resistant to phenol and other chemical agents.
The spores are widely distributed in soil and in the intestines and feces of horses, sheep, cattle, dogs, cats, rats, guinea pigs, and chickens. Manure-treated soil may contain large numbers of spores, and in agricultural areas, a significant number of human adults may harbor the organism. The spores can also be found on skin surfaces and in contaminated heroin.
C. tetani usually enters the body through a wound. In the presence of anaerobic conditions, the spores germinate. Toxins are produced and disseminated via blood and lymphatics. Toxins act at several sites within the central nervous system, including peripheral motor end plates, spinal cord, and brain, and in the sympathetic nervous system. The typical clinical manifestations of tetanus are caused when tetanus toxin interferes with release of neurotransmitters, blocking inhibitor impulses. This leads to unopposed muscle contraction and spasm. Seizures may occur, and the autonomic nervous system may also be affected.
Local Tetanus: an uncommon form of the disease, in which patients have persistent contraction of muscles in the same anatomic area as the injury. These contractions may persist for many weeks before gradually subsiding. Local tetanus may precede the onset of generalized tetanus but is generally milder. Only about 1% of cases are fatal.
Cephalic Tetanus: a rare form of the disease, occasionally occurring with otitis media (ear infections) in which C. tetani is present in the flora of the middle ear, or following injuries to the head. There is involvement of the cranial nerves, especially in the facial area.
The most common type (about 80%) of reported tetanus is Generalized Tetanus. The disease usually presents with a descending pattern. The first sign is trismus or lockjaw, followed by stiffness of the neck, difficulty in swallowing, and rigidity of abdominal muscles. Other symptoms include elevated temperature, sweating, elevated blood pressure, and episodic rapid heart rate. Spasms may occur frequently and last for several minutes. Spasms continue for 3-4 weeks. Complete recovery may take months.
Neonatal Tetanus (NT): a form of generalized tetanus that occurs in newborn infants. Neonatal tetanus occurs in infants born without protective passive immunity, because the mother is not immune. It usually occurs through infection of the unhealed umbilical stump, particularly when the stump is cut with an unsterile instrument. Neonatal tetanus is common in some developing countries but very rare in the United States.
Pertussis is an acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. B. pertussis is a small, aerobic gram-negative rod. It is fastidious and requires special media for isolation. The diagnosis of pertussis is based on a characteristic clinical history (cough for more than 2 weeks with whoop, paroxysms, or post-tussive vomiting) as well as a variety of laboratory tests (culture, polymerase chain reaction [PCR], and serology).
The Catarrhal Stage: characterized by the insidious onset of coryza (runny nose), sneezing, low-grade fever, and a mild, occasional cough, similar to the common cold. The cough gradually becomes more severe, and after 1–2 weeks, the second, or paroxysmal stage, begins. Fever is generally minimal throughout the course of the illness.
The Paroxysmal Stage: diagnosis of pertussis is usually suspected. Characteristically, the patient has bursts, or paroxysms, of numerous, rapid coughs, apparently due to difficulty expelling thick mucus from the tracheobronchial tree. At the end of the paroxysm, a long inspiratory effort is usually accompanied by a characteristic high-pitched whoop. During such an attack, the patient may become cyanotic (turn blue). Children and young infants, especially, appear very ill and distressed. Vomiting and exhaustion commonly follow the episode. The person does not appear to be ill between attacks. These attacks occur more frequently at night, with an average of 15 attacks per 24 hours. During the first 1 or 2 weeks of this stage, the attacks increase in frequency, remain at the same level for 2 to 3 weeks, and then gradually decrease. The paroxysmal stage usually lasts 1 to 6 weeks but may persist for up to 10 weeks. Infants younger than 6 months of age may not have the strength to have a whoop, but they do have paroxysms of coughing.
The Convalescent Stage: recovery is gradual. The cough becomes less paroxysmal and disappears in 2 to 3 weeks. However, paroxysms often recur with subsequent respiratory infections for many months after the onset of pertussis.


text:
Road rock vol. 1 is een livealbum van Neil Young. Onder de naam Friends & Relatives spelen onder andere Ben Keith, Chrissie Hynde, Duck Dunn, zijn toenmalige vrouw, Pegi, en zijn zus Astrid Young op dit album mee. Naast het album kwam er ook een dvd/vhs uit genaamd Red Rocks Live, Neil Young Friends & Relatives

Tracklist

Muziekalbum uit 2000
Muziekalbum van Neil Young
Muziekalbum uitgegeven door Reprise Records

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
VIDEO: Muppets Cover ELO's 'Mr. Blue Sky'
Weekdays 10:30am - 3:00pm
VIDEO: Muppets Cover ELO's 'Mr. Blue Sky'
Erica Banas // Rock Music Reporter	October 28th, 2021
The Muppets iconic house band Dr. Teeth and the Electric Mayhem have released a cover of the Electric Light Orchestra's "Mr. Blue Sky" complete with a fun music video.
Embedded below, the video was part of Dear Earth, a new special from Google and YouTube raising awareness on issues related to climate change.
YouTube notes, "Sprinkled with musical performances, 'Dear Earth' also contains well-known climate activists, creators, and celebs who will all share ways to make our lives more sustainable."
The full Dear Earth special can be viewed here.
GALLERY: Muppets with Celebrities
April 1978: Flamboyant American pianist, singer and entertainer Liberace (1919 - 1987) playing the piano with a little help from the Muppets piano dog, Rowlf. (Photo by Evening Standard/Getty Images)
14th August 1979: American actress, singer and dancer Liza Minnelli, centre, with muppets Kermit the Frog and Zoot on the set of the TV show 'The Muppets' at Elstree Studios, London. (Photo by Central Press/Getty Images)
NEW YORK - APRIL 27: (L to R) Actor Robert De Niro, Miss Piggy, Kermit The Frog, Pepe The King Prawn, Gonzo and Fozzy Bear attends the premiere of "The Muppets Wizard of Oz" at the Tribeca FAMILY Festival. The FAMILY Street Fair will be this Saturday, April 30 from 10am to 6pm on Greenwich Street (Photo by Evan Agostini/Getty Images)
HOLLYWOOD, CA - NOVEMBER 12: Screenwriter and Executive Producer Jason Segel (L) and actress Amy Adams arrive at the premiere of Walt Disney Pictures' "The Muppets" held at the El Capitan Theatre on November 12, 2011 in Hollywood, California. (Photo by Mark Davis/Getty Images)
WASHINGTON, DC - JULY 03: Tom Bergeron and Kermit the Frog onstage at PBS's 2014 A CAPITOL FOURTH rehearsals at U.S. Capitol, West Lawn on July 3, 2014 in Washington, DC. (Photo by Paul Morigi/Getty Images for Capitol Concerts)
LOS ANGELES, CA - MARCH 11: Actor Ricky Gervais, with Constantine, (L), Miss Piggy and Kermit the Frog pose at the premiere of Disney's "Muppets Most Wanted" at the El Capitan Theatre on March 11, 2014 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Kevin Winter/Getty Images)
WASHINGTON, DC - MARCH 12: U.S. first lady Michelle Obama (R) looks on as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Martin Dempsey presents a special award to Kermit the Frog during a screening of Disney's "Muppets Most Wanted" at the Eisenhower Executive Office Building March 12, 2014 in Washington, DC. The movie's preview was for an audience of military children and families as part of the Joining Forces Initiative. (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images)
LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL - MARCH 16: In this handout photo provided by Disney Parks, Tina Fey poses with Sweetums from The Muppets in Disney's Hollywood Studios at Walt Disney World Resort on March 16, 2014 in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Tina Fey is one of the stars of Disney's "Muppets Most Wanted" film, which opens in theaters March 21, 2014. (Photo by David Roark/Disney Parks via Getty Images)
LONDON, ENGLAND - MARCH 24: (L-R) Ty Burrell and Ricky Gervais attend a VIP screening of 'The Muppets Most Wanted' at The Curzon Mayfair on March 24, 2014 in London, England. (Photo by Dave J Hogan/Getty Images)
ELO,Muppets


I won the first round, as we opened the second, I won 3 hands in-a-row. The jokes at the table then began to be directed at me, they knew who would win each hand. This perception felt like a cut, stated somewhat begrudgingly. While I did win the next round, there were others at the table who were only one hand behind me. I felt shame and apologetic. For what? For winning?!
This is part of the story of my life. The difference is that in the scenario above, my success was out in the open. It was not something I could hide like my grades, my certifications, my degree, my accolades and praises.
For most of my life, I have felt shame for my successes, some hard fought to show and to prove to myself and others that there's nothing inherently evil or wrong about me.
This irony is the razor's edge of living with shame. We're afraid to be good, too good, and yet we're also afraid to show our crap. It's all a trap! Each type of shame just holds us back from our own greatness.
It's time to break free of the shame that binds us and tethers us to a mediocre reality. Each of us in our very own captive AND prison warden. As such it is up to each of us to let loose the shackles, to stand up and shine the light that is our uniqueness. This reminds me of one of my favorite quotes by Marianne Williamson, see it below.
Come now, join me! It's time to show the world what we've been hiding: Our bright, beautiful, superbly unique selves. This planet needs us to shine on. Walk through the fire of the lies others have told you about what's wrong with you: the good and the bad. Once you reach the other side, you'll find yourself transformed and more resilient, ready to show more of your light in your own, intentionally unique, magnificent and beautiful way. This is your permission to shine! Let's roll!
The voice of shame puts us down and keeps both our darkness and greatness hidden from ourselves and the world. "Who am I to be great?" is as much the voice of shame as "there is something terribly wrong with me." These, and thoughts like them, keep us isolated and afraid of revealing ourselves.
I'm speaking to you as much as I am to myself. For much of my life I've felt as if there were something inherently wrong with me, to the point that when something in life goes wrong, I'm the first to lay blame on my own shoulders. This belief has also been the fuel to pushing me forward at times as well as the weed that chokes my breath and keeps my paralyzed. Neither is really healthy.
In trying to hide my faults, I've isolated myself, repeatedly, only allowing people to get but so close. While I can share things that many would consider too private, I struggle with maintaining that level of intimacy and vulnerability for any length of time. My fears of rejection and abandonment then become self-fulfilling prophecies and once again I find myself feeling alone.
It is my goal over the next month to consistently post on a weekly basis about things that I've found shameful; things I've tried to hide. It is only when the light is shone on the darkness that healing can persist. I'm tired of hiding. If you're still reading, I'm guessing you are, too.
Please feel free to share any stories in the comments, on your own blogs or feel free to Gmail me at Tiffanybeingfree.


text:
Tag: ernest p worrell
Ernest Goes to Jail Preview
Creeping silently down the corridors of the Super Duper Commando HQ, Jamie and Patrick are quaking in their boots. They never thought the ancient scroll would turn out to be true. They never thought that only one of them may survive. Turning a corner they confront the Commando wielding the Sword of Destiny. "Poor children," he laughs, "So ill-equipped. So pathetic." Suddenly he throws a samurai sword and a mesh tank top to Patrick. "To give you a chance," he scoffs and takes a fighting stance. Patrick drops both to the side, "it doesn't have to end this way, Commando. We are all humans. You were once too. Remember what it was like to feel the grass between your toes, the wind in your hair, the smell of fresh baked bread?" The Commando begins to break, licking his lips nervously. "Heh, right. I have power, though. Better than all that." Patrick steps forward, "Is it? Is it power? Or is power the love between a mother and her child, the ocean's tides, or a fresh squeezed glass of lemonade?" He steps forward again and he embraces the Commando who is now weeping. The Commando steps back wiping his eyes and throws his sword away. "Thank you," he says quietly, "for everything." Suddenly a powerful gust of wind blows through the hallway and sends Patrick's sword flying through the air and decapitates the Commando. "Jesus Christ!" Both Jamie and Patrick scream and they are surrounded by police. "Freeze, dirtbags!" The Commander shakes his head sadly. "I'm sorry lads, this is the end of the line. And you had such a promising career in t-shirt sales." He puts them in handcuffs and leads them to jail. That's right! We're watching Ernest Goes to Jail! And not only that but we're watching it as part of a new segment in the cycle as of 2019. We loved Bring a Friend so much that it is now a permanent part of the cycle. It replaces the Games segment since we just gotta make it our beeswax to work on our games 24/7/365. For this entry Ernest is bringing along an unexpected Jail Break Friend in Escape Plan 2. It's the sequel to the Sly Stallone original and came and went without making it into theaters. This gives us a chance to see just how shitty it turned out. Let's go!
Ernest Goes to Jail (1990) – BMeTric: 37.2
(Honestly? Shockingly high. I'm quite surprised that it has nearly 10K votes. I wouldn't have been surprised if I was told that Ernest Goes to Jail was some fever dream of mine from when I was a kid and literally no one else knew about it …)
Leonard Maltin – 2 stars – Third in the surprisingly successful series about Ernest P. Worrell finds out hero in prison as a result of a switch set up by an evil inmate look alike (also played by Varney). Harmless, predictable, and hokey.
(That review … doesn't sound like a 2-star film. But yes. It is harmless and hokey for sure. Basically, if you read the reviews for the other films it boils down to this: this series is for literal dumb people. He's not wrong …)
Trailer – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4zNSx42aEo/
(That … isn't a real trailer, but whatever. These films are a lot more surreal that you would think given the character. Ernest Goes to Camp is the same way, a very weird film. I'm extremely interested in seeing just how terrible this film is.)
Directors – John R. Cherry III – (Known For: Ernest Goes to Camp; Future BMT: Ernest Saves Christmas; Ernest Scared Stupid; Ernest Rides Again; BMT: Ernest Goes to Jail; Notes: He developed Ernest at his Nashville advertising agency. He apparently based it on a person who had worked for his father.)
Writers – Charlie Cohen (written by) – (BMT: Ernest Goes to Jail; Notes: Apparently was an executive producer of Justin Bieber's Believe.)
Actors – Jim Varney – (Known For: Toy Story; Toy Story 2; Atlantis: The Lost Empire; Ernest Goes to Camp; Daddy and Them; 100 Proof; Future BMT: 3 Ninjas: High Noon at Mega Mountain; Ernest Saves Christmas; Ernest Scared Stupid; Ernest Rides Again; Wilder Napalm; BMT: The Beverly Hillbillies; Ernest Goes to Jail; Razzie Notes: Nominee for Worst New Star for Ernest Goes to Camp in 1988; Notes: Given how famous he eventually became, it is crazy to think that Ernest was his actual starting point. He began portraying Ernest in 1980 in local commercials in Kentucky.)
Gailard Sartain – (Known For: The Outsiders; The Replacements; Mississippi Burning; Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe; Ali; The Jerk; Nashville; The Grifters; The Buddy Holly Story; The Big Easy; Ernest Goes to Camp; All of Me; Blaze; Made in Heaven; Guilty by Suspicion; Choose Me; Trouble in Mind; The Moderns; Songwriter; Love at Large; Future BMT: Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot; The Patriot; Getting Even with Dad; The Real McCoy; Ernest Saves Christmas; RocketMan; Speechless; Clean Slate; Elizabethtown; Roadie; The Hollywood Knights; Equinox; BMT: Wagons East; Ernest Goes to Jail; Notes: A regular on Hee Haw, he was only in the first three Ernest films, eventually being replaced in his role.)
Bill Byrge – (Future BMT: Ernest Saves Christmas; Ernest Scared Stupid; BMT: Ernest Goes to Jail; Notes: Worked at the Nashville library (what what!). He retired in 1995 at the age of 63. IMDb claims he did it to focus on acting, but he didn't appear in anything else, not even the subsequent Ernest films.)
Budget/Gross – N/A / Domestic: $25,029,569
(Hmmmm. Let's see what The Numbers says … nothing. My guess is this film cost literally nothing to make. The entire franchise made less than $100 million at the box office. Four theatrically released films, at least six overall. Less than $100 million. Yeah, these things cost nothing.)
#24 for the Comedy – Bumbling genre
(By far the worst we've seen in the genre which should just be renamed Kevin-James. Just a shade below Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol … which is an embarrassment.)
Rotten Tomatoes – 13% (1/8): No consensus yet.
(My fake consensus is pretty short: Ernest is an obnoxious and I hate him. It pretty much sums up the consensus. The one good review is pretty hilarious though. Reviewer Highlight: Jim Varney at the peak of his comedic powers, playing two instantly distinctive roles. If you only ever see one Ernest movie, make it this one. – Luke Y. Thompson, New Times)
Poster – The Sklogs Go to Jail (B+)
(Certainly interesting. I like the artistic perspective and the special font they used. It's also just kind of funny and makes me want to see the film, which is obviously a good thing. Only wish the coloring was better.)
Tagline(s) – Guilty of Maximum Fun in the First Degree! (F)
(Oh noooooooooooooooooooo! This may actually be the worst tagline I've ever seen. Fortunately I don't see it on the poster. I wonder where they used that atrocity. Looking around it seems like maybe the kicker on the description on the back of the VHS box… so phew, not really a tagline, but I'm keeping it because it's ridiculous.)
Keyword(s) – jury duty; Top Ten by BMeTric: 57.1 Jury Duty (1995); 38.2 The Juror (1996); 37.2 Ernest Goes to Jail (1990); 17.1 Trial by Jury (1994); 16.1 Illegally Yours (1988); 13.4 Leslie, My Name Is Evil (2009); 11.4 Suspect (1987); 10.5 Fantozzi alla riscossa (1990); 7.6 Runaway Jury (2003); 3.4 Murder Most Foul (1964);
(Holy shit. For reals the top three are incredible … and then it just drops off. You'd think more bad movies would involve jury duty. It does at least remind me that we should watch Jury Duty.)
Welcome to Earf (HoE Number 19) – The shortest path through The Movie Database cast lists using only BMT films is: Jim Varney is No. 1 billed in Ernest Goes to Jail and No. 1 billed in The Beverly Hillbillies, which also stars Lea Thompson (No. 6 billed) who is in Left Behind (2014) (No. 3 billed), which also stars Nicolas Cage (No. 1 billed) who is in The Wicker Man (No. 1 billed), which also stars Leelee Sobieski (No. 5 billed) who is in Here on Earth (No. 1 billed) => 1 + 1 + 6 + 3 + 1 + 1 + 5 + 1 = 19. If we were to watch Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot, and The Glass House we can get the HoE Number down to 16.
Notes – There were a few extended and deleted scenes that were not featured in the original version of the movie, but were in some made-for-TV versions. 1. There was an extended scene where Ernest was washing himself in a washing machine, and was staggering after he stepped out. 2. A scene where Ernest was trying to sneak out of jail and was found by the searchlights. Then, he was making shadow puppets. 3. An extended scene where Nash (as Ernest) was in Mr. Penalsmythe's office negotiating the clerk job. 4. A deleted scene where Ernest was working as a bank clerk. (I … think the version I watched as a kid had at least a few of those. Definitely first scene was there)
This is the last Ernest movie to have the character Chuck played by Gailard Sartain. (Yup, he's replaced in Ernest Scared Stupid)
Among the famous eccentric actors whom Ernest imitates in jail when trying out for "Mr. Nash", are James Cagney, Walter Brennan, Humphrey Bogart, Barry Fitzgerald, Sylvester Stallone, and James Mason. During the impression of Sylvester Stallone the line that Ernest says is "Hey you, Murdock, you're the guy who shot my brother…" The character of Murdock was played by Charles Napier in Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985), which starred Stallone. Charles Napier plays Warden Carmichael in Ernest Goes To Jail. (FUN FACT)
Gailard Sartain, Charles Napier, and Randall 'Tex' Cobb appeared on the TV series "Walker, Texas Ranger" (1993-2001), with Napier playing a prison warden on that show as he did in this film.
Before Ernest is put in the electric chair, he is asked if he wants a blindfold or a cigarette. Ernest responds with, "I'm afraid of the dark, and cigarettes'll kill you." Ironically, ten years later Jim Varney died of lung cancer that was brought on by a lifetime of smoking. (Yeah, his Nash voice is I think his natural smoker's voice)
Author PatrickPosted on February 18, 2019 Categories Bring a Friend, PreviewTags based on a commercial, bmt 2019, bumbling comedy, cycle: franchises, ernest p worrell, slapstickLeave a comment on Ernest Goes to Jail Preview


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The new rules for writing for Gen Z
Posted by Chris Stefanyk, Head of Brand Partnerships, Wattpad
How to avoid passive-aggressive punctuation and other lessons from an internet linguist.
You can learn a surprising amount about Gen Z by observing the way they talk online. And no one is more fascinated with internet-speak than internet linguist and the author of the newly released Because Internet, Gretchen McCulloch. Chris Stefanyk, Head of Wattpad Brand Partnerships, sat down with Gretchen to discuss the new rules for talking to Gen Z online. Want the 411—or at least, want to know if Gen Z says 411 anymore? Read on!
Chris Stefanyk: Gretchen, thanks for joining and taking the time to speak with us! In your new book, Because Internet, you share how our digital world is transforming the English language. One of the key learnings for me was around how rules and expectations around punctuation have changed. I feel like I have been under-using the exclamation mark! What else should brands be keeping in mind?
Gretchen McCulloch: Punctuation is used to convey tone of voice online in a very interesting way. For example, to convey a separation, younger generations will tend to use a new line or separate message, while older generations are more likely to add in periods or ellipses, which to them are seen as more relaxed and casual.
" hey… how's it going"
vs:
How's it going
Where you run into issues is when these two ways of separating messages intersect. For Gen Z, the period is a way to add formality or seriousness, but when combined with a non-serious message it becomes passive-aggressive. The difference between receiving a text that says "okay!" versus "k." is staggering, in terms of its effect for Gen Z. Meanwhile, the ellipses is used to convey there's something being left unsaid—which could also come across as passive-aggressive in a certain context.
"I can do that…" could mean they can do that but don't necessarily want to.
Moreover the exclamation mark, often used to convey a note of sincerity or cheerfulness, is something that's been in a constant state of flux. In the 90s there was a trend to use multiple exclamation marks to add to the level of excitement (often combined with the 1 as it shares a key with it on the keyboard i.e. !!11!!!!1!) but this eventually died out. In more recent years, since 2015, we've seen multiple exclamation marks coming back, but we've seen this cycle happen before so it's likely they won't stay around forever.
CS: Fascinating. You also discuss how something similar has happened with hyperbolic words.
GM: Hyperbolic words gradually lose their effect and each generation needs to find something new to convey emotion. For example the word great used to signify much better than good (i.e. Alexander the Great) while today it's just a bit better than good. Similarly, "awesome" used to be truly impressive but is now used as a synonym for great. One generation's vivid metaphor becomes another generation's cliche.
CS: Gen Z grew up online and are comfortable communicating within the character constraints of mediums like Twitter. This has led to a stereotype that they dismiss long-form communication. Do you agree?
GM: The assumption that youth don't read books is not warranted. Texting and other kinds of internet writing actually gives them more practice conveying their thoughts in writing to a particular audience than previous generations. For example, when Gen Z is communicating with their crush they need to think of the nuances punctuation creates. All of this makes them better writers, even if it doesn't look like an edited book. But the reality is that similar to casual speaking being the norm over formal speaking, most of society's written language is informal.
CS: I couldn't agree more that the assumption is not warranted, and the fact that users on Wattpad spend 37 minutes a day reading on the platform also debunks the myth. According to a new report from Adobe, 83% of Gen Zs are more comfortable expressing their emotions through emojis than a phone call. What can you tell us about the role phone calls and emojis play in Gen Z communication?
GM: This tells me that Gen Z likely hates phone calls more than they love emojis! A shift in norms is happening, where today's youth find it more acceptable to be interrupted by a text message over a phone call since a phone call demands all your attention while a text is just demanding part of it. Conversely, in the 90s, a survey showed people were willing to interrupt an argument with their spouse to answer the phone, whereas today many people will let the phone ring and assume if it's important they'll call back.
Emojis aren't going anywhere. What's interesting is that the most popular emojis are faces, hands, and hearts, which correspond to deliberate gestures that provide more context to emotions (i.e. hand on chin 🤔 and rolling eyes 🙄). This tells me their main utility isn't as a stand-in for every object, but of the nuanced feelings and responses that aren't easily conveyed with words.
CS: What should brands keep in mind when wanting to communicate with Gen Z?
GM: As styles are constantly changing, there's no substitute to actually talking to members of this demographic and getting messages vetted to confirm this is how someone would actually communicate.


text:
Q: Partial view was not found I have two actions in a controller that are called via ajax:
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Slider(HttpPostedFileBase file)
{
    var imagem = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Files["SliderImage"];
    string path = Global.GetAppSetting("CaminhoImagensSlider");
    if(imagem != null && imagem.ContentLength > 0)
    {
        String caminho = Path.Combine(path, imagem.FileName);
        db.ImagensSlider.AddObject(new ImagensSlider()
        {
            Caminho = caminho
        });
        db.SaveChanges();
        Global.SalvarArquivo(caminho, imagem.InputStream);
    }
    SliderViewModel sliderViewModel = new SliderViewModel(caminhoImagensSlider);
    return PartialView("_ImagensSliderPartial", sliderViewModel.Imagens);
}

[HttpPost]
public ActionResult DeletaImagensSlider(int[] imagens)
{
    foreach(int id in imagens)
    {
        ImagensSlider imagemSlider = db.ImagensSlider.Where(i => i.IdImagem == id).Single();
        db.ImagensSlider.DeleteObject(imagemSlider);
        db.SaveChanges();
    }
    SliderViewModel sliderViewModel = new SliderViewModel(caminhoImagensSlider);
    return PartialView("_ImagensSliderPartial", sliderViewModel.Imagens);
}

The first action works fine, but the second (DeletaImagensSlider) does not work. Checking the Chrome console I found that error:

The partial view '_ImagensSliderPartial' was not found or no view engine supports the searched locations. The following locations were searched:
      ~/Views/Configuracoes/_ImagensSliderPartial.aspx
      ~/Views/Configuracoes/_ImagensSliderPartial.ascx
      ~/Views/Shared/_ImagensSliderPartial.aspx
      ~/Views/Shared/_ImagensSliderPartial.ascx
      ~/Views/Configuracoes/_ImagensSliderPartial.cshtml
      ~/Views/Configuracoes/_ImagensSliderPartial.vbhtml
      ~/Views/Shared/_ImagensSliderPartial.cshtml
      ~/Views/Shared/_ImagensSliderPartial.vbhtml

EDIT:
JS
$("#formSlides").on("submit", function (e) {
            e.preventDefault();

            var data = new FormData();
            var files = $("#imagem").get(0).files;
            if (files.length > 0) {
                data.append("SliderImage", files[0]);
            }

            $.ajax(this.action,
                {
                    type: 'POST',
                    data: $(this).serialize(),
                    contentType: false,
                    processData: false,
                    data: data,
                    success: function (result) {
                        $("#imagensContainer").html(result);
                    }
            });
        });

        $(document).on('change', '[type=checkbox]', function (e) {
            if (this.checked) {
                imagensChecadas += 1;
                imagens.push(this.id);
            }
            else {
                imagensChecadas -= 1;
                imagens.remove(this.id);
            }

            if (imagensChecadas > 0) {
                $("#btnDeleteImages").show();
            }
            else {
                $("#btnDeleteImages").hide();
            }
        });

        $("#btnDeleteImages").on("click", function () {
            if (confirm("Tem certeza que deseja deletar estas imagens?")) {
                $.ajax("/Configuracoes/DeletaImagensSlider", {
                    type: 'POST',
                    data: JSON.stringify(imagens),
                    contentType: 'application/json',
                    success: function (result) {
                        $("#imagensContainer").html(result);
                    }
                });
            }
        });

Why is this view found in one action but not in the other?

A: I solve the problem by puting the entire path: "~/Areas/Admin/Views/Shared/_ImagensSliderPartial.cshtml".
But I cant understand why it works in different ways in the two actions...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The carnival fun continues on Sky Racing Metric Mile Day. Turn heads trackside with this chic monochrome flowing dress. Compliment your look with splashes of red and pearls for added vintage pizzazz. Strappy high heels are always a win and don't forget a clutch to carry your race notes!
Perfecting your look is in the details! Don't forget your lippie, hair or accessories right! Our favourite beauty products for the races are a good red lip gloss (check out Casuarina's Priceline for a HUGE range), a lavish red nail polish (again Priceline has got you - try Revlon!). If you want to step up your game, add some fake eyelashes (our favourite at Eylure lashes from Priceline). When it comes to accessories, you can't go wrong with Colette by Colette Hayman and Price Attack!
Follow our Instagram and Facebook for more race, fashion and beauty trends!


Though it's been around for years, Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) therapy is still a popular recourse for dermatologists—probably because it works! The noninvasive, relatively painless treatment involves shining a range of light frequencies on the face to eliminate redness, reduce brown spots, and minimize fine lines. You should see results after three or so sessions.
Laser treatments, used to treat fine lines and lift sagging skin, can have successful results while treatments like Ulthera—which uses sonogram-like imaging to target ultrasound waves to the dermis—can also trigger the body's healing response and promote collagen. Seek these treatments only under the care of a licensed, board-certified professional.
The most common in-office solution for fine lines and wrinkles remain cosmetic fillers like Botox, Radiesse, and Juvéderm–with promising new injectables like Belotaro (a hyaluronic acid popular in Europe) and FDA-approved Xeomin (a pure botulinum toxin) gaining headway. These products are injected into the skin by a certified licensed medical professional to lift and plump. The results are immediate but not long-lasting, meaning you'll have to invest in multiple treatments to continue seeing results.
Anti-aging: Retinoids are the right answer.
If your skin isn't overly sensitive, look for prescription products containing vitamin A–derived retinoids. Originally developed as acne treatments, they also help reduce creases by exfoliating the top layer of skin and stimulating collagen production in the layers below.
Anti-aging: Peel here for smoother skin.
Dermatologist-administered chemical peels—ones that contain alpha hydroxy, beta hydroxy, and salicylic acids—can reduce fine lines and blemishes as well as impart a healthy glow. Results may be maintained regularly with gentler at-home versions of in-office formulas.
Anti-aging: There's power in peptides.
Have sensitive skin but want to treat those fine lines? Opt for products that contain amino acid peptides. Working similarly to retinoids, they stimulate collagen and elastin production but are gentler on the dermis. Peptides can be found in everything from skin creams to makeup to pillows (yes, pillows!) that help support and renew skin while you sleep.
Anti-aging: Bioelectric creams are a current breakthrough.
Fine lines might be reduced from within, thanks to bioelectric creams. When skin tissue is injured, it generates an electric current that signals repair and collagen production. By mimicking the response of wounded cells, electrically charged topicals are believed to yield similar rewards, minus the risk.
Anti-aging: The best wrinkle defense is a good offense.
Rigorous use of sunscreen will prevent damage at every age, protecting the skin and stopping future lines from forming. Look for a broad-spectrum formula, SPF 30 or higher, with chemical and physical blockers to deflect and scatter both UVA and UVB rays.
Anti-aging: Break bad habits for better-looking skin.
Lifestyle changes—like kicking that smoking habit and avoiding fad diets—can stave off fine lines. While the chemicals in cigarettes impair blood flow and damage collagen, rapid fluctuations in weight can expand and contract skin too quickly, leaving sagging flesh behind.
Maintaining an optimal moisture balance is essential to youthful-looking skin. Avoid harsh detergents and exceedingly hot showers, and always use a moisturizer. Formulas rich in glycerin and hyaluronic acid will plump, while formulas with ceramides or lipids help lock in hydration.


text:
Q: No new variables from InsertOne mongodb golang after adding TTL So i have created a TTL and upon adding it this new error pops up:
no new variables on left side of := : _, err := c.Coll.InsertOne(c.Ctx, url)
code:
    indexOptions := options.Index().SetExpireAfterSeconds(int32(newUrl.Expires) * 24 * 3600)

    _, err := c.Coll.Indexes().CreateOne(c.Ctx,
        mongo.IndexModel{
            Keys:    bson.M{"exp": 1},
            Options: indexOptions},
    )
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    url := newUrl.IntoURL()

    _, err := c.Coll.InsertOne(c.Ctx, url)
    return url, err

Solved, look in comments!


The Kaduna State Ministry of Budget & Planning (KADMBP) was created in June 1999 from the Plans, Programs & Budget Review (PPBR). The ministry is responsible for the formulation of strategic and sustainable economic plans and budget on behalf of the Kaduna State Government. KADMBP also manages the states budget and analyzes the practicality and progress of all projects.
KADMBP is also responsible for the collation of economic and social data, as well as its dissemination to the public.


When a tooth is healthy and strong, it can handle everything from the direct heat of a hot cup of tea to the hard crunch of an ice cube. But when it becomes compromised, whether it's due to enamel erosion or an infection, it can become weakened to the point of tooth loss without prompt treatment. The dentists at Booker Family Dentistry often recommend dental crowns to patients who have this problem. Learn how a crown can save a tooth and keep it secure for many years.
Crooked teeth (move out of position).
These are all problems that can be resolved with dental crowns.
A dental crown is a piece of hard material that is designed to fit over the entire surface of a tooth (also called an abutment). It's commonly made of porcelain, which is a very durable material that closely resembles a healthy white tooth. Your Trenton MI dentist uses a professional-grade bonding cement and curing light to secure the crown in place. If you maintain good dental habits dental crowns can last for 10 or more years.
When a tooth is compromised, it may become cracked, chipped, weak or discolored. Sometimes, all it needs is to be thoroughly cleaned and then covered with a crown. A dental crown stabilizes, strengthens and protects the problematic tooth. Since the root of the natural tooth is still healthy, all it needs is new material on the surface to make it look attractive and prevent further damage.
Do you have a tooth that needs to be saved? Dental crowns may be the best solution. Call Booker Family Dentistry at (734) 675-5700 today to schedule a consultation appointment at the practice's Trenton, MI office.