text:
Q: when does a method alter the value of the variable/argument of the parameter? As the title states, when does a method alter the value of a variable/argument of the parameter?
ex:
public void someMethod(int a, int b){
a = 5;
b = 6;
}

//.. imagine a main method is written here..
{
int x = 23;
int y = 14;
someMethod(x,y);
System.out.println(x + " " + y);

}

When this is compiled, the result is 23 14 being printed. However, when are the values of the variables modified?
I know that it can be modified by usage of mutators (assuming that the argument passed is an object), but are there any other ways?

A: Java is pass by value!
What this means in effect is that a copy of the value is made, which is what is passed to the function.
Where the confusion arises is when you pass an object to a method.  In this case it is the reference to the object that is copied.
For example, given a object of type X with a attribute Y, this would be seen be the calling code:
public void doSomthing(X obj)
{
  obj.setY("some value");
}

But this would not be:
public void doSomthing(X obj)
{
  obj = new X();
}

A: Integers are so-called primitive types. Passing the integer copies its value and assigns it to the parameter too.
But that value is not a reference to the actual data, but is the data itself.
So changes to the parameter in the function will affect the parameter (a), but not the argument passed in the calling function (x).
Please Note :
When we talk about mutators, we are talking about modifying/updating the values of class level variables. The scope of the variable is class level.
So even when you pass some value to the mutator, the actual parameter value will remain unmodified, unless it is a non-primitive type.
If you wish to mutate the value of some primitive variable inside a method, the scope of the variable should be available outside the method as well and the method should be able to access that. Only then the changes to the variables will be effective outside as well.

A: Primitives
x and y are local variables (and since they are passed by value), you'd need to store them outside of the method in order to notice any changes by someMethod().
int x;
int y;

public void someMethod(){
x = 5;
y = 6;
}

//.. imagine a main method is written here..
{
int x = 23;
int y = 14;
someMethod();
System.out.println(x + " " + y);

}

This will print "5 6" instead of "23 14". Primitives don't have references, that's why ;)
Objects
Objects are passed by reference:
//main method
{
    Dog dog = new Dog("Max");
    someMethod(dog);
    System.out.println(dog.getName()); // Yay, dog is named Fifi
}

void someMethod(Dog dog) {
    dog.setName("Fifi");
}

A: Variables are passed by value in Java. So when you pass x and y, the values of x and y are passed into it, and internally whatever happens in the method is localised to it. Whereas x and y when printed the references contains the same values 23, 14.

A: Whenever a method is called with some parameters passed, then at runtime it is decided, which method to be executed by matching the signature of the method.
You can refer the link fro more information about methods calling.

A: Primitives can not be altered from the callers perspective.
Only (non-primitive) mutable object parameters can have their value(s) changed.
Eg, the Date object passed to this method:
public static void example(Date date) {
    date.setTime(0);
}

Will be altered when the caller resumes execution.

A: Integers, floats,doubles etc are not objects and so are never modified by passing them into a method and then changing them within a method. However an object that is modified within a method will keep that change in all places it is refererenced. However a "replaced" change will not persit, see what I mean below:
public class Test{
    int x;

    public Test(int x) {
        this.x = x;
    }
    public void setX(int x){
        this.x=x;
    }
    public int getX(){
        return x;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args){

        Test test=new Test(5);
        System.out.println(test.getX()); //its 5

        testChange(test);
        System.out.println(test.getX()); //its 7 because the change persists

        testChange(test);
        System.out.println(test.getX()); //its still 7! Because we changed the object for a new one within the method, we didn't modify it

    }

    private static void testChange(Test aToBeChanged){
        aToBeChanged.setX(7);
    }
    private static void testReplace(Test aToBeReplaced){
        aToBeReplaced=new Test(10);
    }
}


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text:
Fluorescence depolarization studies of micro-brownian relaxations of poly (methyl methacrylate) in solution
Graham J Kettle, Ian Soutar
Fluorescence depolarization and quenching measurements have been used to study motions of poly(methyl methacrylate) in toluene at 298 K. Data concerning segmental motion of the polymer chain have been obtained using both an "ideal" label which cannot move independently of the macromolecule and a label in which independent motion should not result in depolarization of radiation. The results compare favourably. Motions affecting the ester group and terminal macromolecular segments also have been studied. The use of naphthalene derivatives as labels of limited bulk has been made possible by the use of dynamic quenching. © 1978.
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Fluorescence depolarization studies of micro-brownian relaxations of poly (methyl methacrylate) in solution'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
polymethyl methacrylate Physics & Astronomy
depolarization Physics & Astronomy
naphthalene Physics & Astronomy
esters Physics & Astronomy
toluene Physics & Astronomy
macromolecules Physics & Astronomy
Kettle, G. J., & Soutar, I. (1978). Fluorescence depolarization studies of micro-brownian relaxations of poly (methyl methacrylate) in solution. European Polymer Journal, 14(11), 895-900.
Kettle, Graham J ; Soutar, Ian. / Fluorescence depolarization studies of micro-brownian relaxations of poly (methyl methacrylate) in solution. In: European Polymer Journal. 1978 ; Vol. 14, No. 11. pp. 895-900.
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title = "Fluorescence depolarization studies of micro-brownian relaxations of poly (methyl methacrylate) in solution",
abstract = "Fluorescence depolarization and quenching measurements have been used to study motions of poly(methyl methacrylate) in toluene at 298 K. Data concerning segmental motion of the polymer chain have been obtained using both an {"}ideal{"} label which cannot move independently of the macromolecule and a label in which independent motion should not result in depolarization of radiation. The results compare favourably. Motions affecting the ester group and terminal macromolecular segments also have been studied. The use of naphthalene derivatives as labels of limited bulk has been made possible by the use of dynamic quenching. {\textcopyright} 1978.",
author = "Kettle, {Graham J} and Ian Soutar",
journal = "European Polymer Journal",
Kettle, GJ & Soutar, I 1978, 'Fluorescence depolarization studies of micro-brownian relaxations of poly (methyl methacrylate) in solution', European Polymer Journal, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 895-900.
Fluorescence depolarization studies of micro-brownian relaxations of poly (methyl methacrylate) in solution. / Kettle, Graham J; Soutar, Ian.
In: European Polymer Journal, Vol. 14, No. 11, 1978, p. 895-900.
T1 - Fluorescence depolarization studies of micro-brownian relaxations of poly (methyl methacrylate) in solution
AU - Kettle, Graham J
AU - Soutar, Ian
N2 - Fluorescence depolarization and quenching measurements have been used to study motions of poly(methyl methacrylate) in toluene at 298 K. Data concerning segmental motion of the polymer chain have been obtained using both an "ideal" label which cannot move independently of the macromolecule and a label in which independent motion should not result in depolarization of radiation. The results compare favourably. Motions affecting the ester group and terminal macromolecular segments also have been studied. The use of naphthalene derivatives as labels of limited bulk has been made possible by the use of dynamic quenching. © 1978.
AB - Fluorescence depolarization and quenching measurements have been used to study motions of poly(methyl methacrylate) in toluene at 298 K. Data concerning segmental motion of the polymer chain have been obtained using both an "ideal" label which cannot move independently of the macromolecule and a label in which independent motion should not result in depolarization of radiation. The results compare favourably. Motions affecting the ester group and terminal macromolecular segments also have been studied. The use of naphthalene derivatives as labels of limited bulk has been made possible by the use of dynamic quenching. © 1978.
JO - European Polymer Journal
JF - European Polymer Journal
Kettle GJ, Soutar I. Fluorescence depolarization studies of micro-brownian relaxations of poly (methyl methacrylate) in solution. European Polymer Journal. 1978;14(11):895-900.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Four Employment Law Cases That Could Shift With a New SCOTUS Justice
February 17, 2016 by Walcheske & Luzi, LLC
This past weekend the nation was shocked with the news of legal titan Justice Antonin Scalia's passing. Love him or hate him, there is no denying that every lawyer heavily debated at least one Justice Scalia opinion in law school. He was often a lightning rod figure on the Court and his presence will be missed.
Unfortunately, we barely had a moment to reflect on Justice Scalia's death when commentators turned the conversation to his replacement. For the moment, we will ignore the political overtones gripping this discussion over whether President Obama should or should not appoint a replacement justice and whether the Senate should or should not stand in his way. Rather, assuming the current Commander in Chief exercises his appointment authority or the Democratic nominee wins the 2016 Presidential election, we are likely to see another liberal-leaning justice on the high Court and a new majority bloc.
To be sure, the Supreme Court treats past opinions with high regard and it is rare to see an outright reversal of a previous justice's opinion. But it is less rare to see new opinions chip away at the strength of past precedent. To that end, below are four close-vote employment law cases from the past decade that might have been different or might become something different in a Scalia-less future.
Vance v. Ball State University (2013). In this 5-4 opinion, the Court majority led by Justice Alito, and joined by Justice Scalia, held, "[A]n employee is a 'supervisor' for purposes of vicarious liability under Title VII if he or she is empowered by the employer to take tangible employment actions against the victim[.]" A tangible employment action was defined by the court as someone who can "effect a 'significant change in employment status, such as hiring, firing, failing to promote, reassignment with significantly different responsibilities, or a decision causing a significant change in benefits.'"
Without Scalia's vote, the dissenting opinion may become the majority rule. In her dissent, Justice Ginsburg wrote that the majority relied on too narrow a definition of "supervisor" and that it should instead define supervisor by those with "the authority to direct an employee's daily activities." A future court with another appointee by President Obama might find cracks in the majority rule through a case with unique circumstances and broaden the protections under Title VII.
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center v. Nassar (2013). Issued the same day as Vance, the Court in Nassar addressed the issue of what standard of proof applied to retaliation claims under Title VII. The choice before the Court was essentially whether retaliation was a motivating factor or a "but for" factor for the alleged adverse employment decision. In another 5-4 opinion written by Justice Kennedy, Justice Scalia joined the majority opinion that held a Title VII plaintiff must prove that unlawful retaliation was the "but-for" cause of the employer's adverse action.
Again, Justice Ginsburg wrote a dissenting opinion that might better match a future court's decision. As you may expect, the dissent would apply a lesser, motivating factor standard. Under this rule, it would be an almost certainty that more plaintiffs would be successful in retaliation claims. Given the widespread increase in retaliation claims in recent years, this could have substantial implications for employers.
Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc. (2009). Continuing with our 5-4 decisions with Scalia in the majority parade is Gross. In Gross, the Court addressed under what circumstances a plaintiff can prove a mixed-motive theory under an Age Discrimination in Employment Act claim. The Court's majority opinion, written by Justice Thomas, simply answered, "never." That is, under the ADEA, the plaintiff must prove that "age was the 'but-for' cause of the challenged adverse employment action."
Once again, there is a different result without Justice Scalia. The dissenting opinion, written by Justice Stevens, would have held that a mixed-motive jury instruction could be used even in cases where the plaintiff relies on indirect evidence of age discrimination. Again, Justice Scalia's vote played a significant role in employment law, this time curtailing an entire theory of liability for plaintiffs. A different majority might find a way to open the door to ADEA plaintiffs for mixed-motive claims.
Wal-Mart v. Dukes (2011). In Dukes, Justice Scalia authored the 5-4 majority opinion himself in a decision that had far-reaching implications on class-action claims. A class-action case is one where multiple, sometimes many, plaintiffs collectively pursue a claim against a defendant. It is often employed where an individual is unlikely to recover a significant amount of money acting alone, but where several people join together their claims gain significant value.
Justice Scalia's opinion made it unlikely for plaintiffs to bring class action claims with millions of members. The Court demanded greater commonality between the plaintiffs than could be demonstrated, making the class of 1.5 million members unsustainable under the law. Justice Scalia explained that for class members,
"Their claims must depend upon a common contention – for example, the assertion of discriminatory bias on the part of the same supervisor. That common contention, moreover, must be of such a nature that it is capable of classwide resolution – which means that determination of its truth or falsity will resolve an issue that is central to the validity of each one of its claims in one stroke."
Instead of common questions, the Scalia's majority opinion required class actions to be capable of generating common answers for all plaintiffs.
A decision without Justice Scalia would obviously look quite different. In her dissent, Justice Ginsberg instead focused on common questions between plaintiffs. Justice Ginsberg's opinion also expressed a much more positive outlook on proceeding via class action than the majority. Given the significance of this decision on a number of areas of law outside of employment law, this opinion offers perhaps the highest chance for significant change in the future.
Tags: US Supreme Court
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It will in fact be the month of Halloween posts. Put together your self. Right here comes one other one. These little helpers of the backyard, the nematode, or earthworm, or no matter you might name them in your a part of the nation, actually get a nasty rap. They're pleased to aerate, and add vitamins and drainage to your soil. All they ask is to be left alone. However we dig them up and put them on fish hooks. We name them gross and make gelatin variations of them for Halloween. Poor little earthworm. He's so misunderstood. Lol.
Talking of creating gelatin variations. The shop purchased model of gummy worms is made for mass attraction. However at Halloween you don't actually need them to attraction to anybody. They need to be as squiggly, slimy and gross as potential. Sure, I suppose they need to additionally style good. I've seen and written about many gelatin variations of issues prior to now, resembling Lego gummies, however this one is exclusive as a result of it makes use of flexible straws to create the form of the worm. This recipe comes immediately from Todd's Kitchen, and it's disgusting to take a look at. Which is ideal! I really like disgusting Halloween recipes! convey on the ghoulish treats!


text:
Cruelty Free Interior Design
Eco-Friendly and Ethical Alternatives
By Jules Marie
Interior designers face myriad challenges when designing home environments for clients. And sometimes, a designer's well-researched options must also be considered.
"I was listening to a podcast on interior design and, for the first time in my life, I heard the term 'dog leather' and that made me pause. I had no idea that was a thing," says Tennille Wood, principal designer and owner of Beautiful Habitat Design & Decoration. "I would say that most interior designers are operating in the mindset that I was. It took the term 'dog leather' to make me stop and start asking questions."
Hearing that term caused Wood to research how animal products are used in the textile industry and as a result, she is now the first and only Certified Cruelty Free Interior Designer in Colorado.
"Technology has improved so much that there are fantastic alternatives," Wood says. "So you don't really need to use animal products, and you can get better performance."
"I had assumed the animal products used in textiles — leather, down, wool, feathers —were by-products of the food industry, and they're really not. There's such a demand for leather, fur, down and wool that it's really an industry in and of itself. The majority of animals used in textiles are not raised in the U.S because we have stringent animal husbandry laws. Meanwhile, relatively few companies abroad meet any type of standard," explains Wood.
The more Wood learned, the more concerned she became. Not only were the animals raised in sub-standard conditions but in poverty-stricken countries where leather is tanned — children as young as 13 work barefoot and without protective equipment.
Cruelty Free Interior Design Alternatives
"One of the reasons this was such an easy thing for me to get on board with is I have so often recommended alternatives for my clients anyway because there are better products. I have done many dining chairs, bar stools and other items with faux leather because you can get some amazing colors and products that are high performance. It's also better for my clients because it's going to wear better especially if they have kids or pets. It doesn't scratch or stain and it doesn't have that leathery smell which some people are sensitive to. I've been using alternative leathers for the last 10 years and highly recommend them to clients. Now, I'm just making it a more socially conscious statement. I like to vote with my feet. If I'm not contributing to the demand it will drive more alternatives," Wood says.
Certification allowed Wood to research down, feather and wool alternatives. Kapox is one such alternative. Kapox is a silky, down-like material made from the seeds of a silk-cotton tree and is used for stuffing pillows, comforters and other products
These types of luxury faux fabrics and sustainable materials appeal to socially conscious consumers.
"I've always believed wool area rugs are better performing when well-constructed. So this area is going to be the biggest shift for me. I've researched Viscose and banana silk as a plant fiber and when weaving silk with Viscose, it adds a beautiful shimmer and a nice texture when used in an area rug," explains Wood.
Wood also chooses faux silk draperies due to Colorado's brutal sun. Faux silks are well-made, durable and make very convincing silk alternatives due to their brilliant sheen and shimmer.
In one formal, yet highly-trafficked dining room, Wood chose leather alternatives for bar stools and chairs because it wears better than real leather, involves less toxic processing and there are more interesting color choices.
Cruelty Free Design Process
"Choosing cruelty free products doesn't really affect my design process because I've always used various textiles. Often, I'm not looking for an alternative; sometimes a design, a room, or a particular style just doesn't need any animal products for any reason," says Wood. "You can have a beautifully designed home with luxury finishes and you can feel good about knowing no animals were harmed."
"I'm researching everything and working with cruelty free design companies and products that meet more socially conscious criteria in their manufacturing process. I'm constantly learning and staying on top of what's happening and what new products are coming out. Like Kapox; I hadn't even heard of that," says Wood. "If we lessen the demand on animals as a whole, that's better for the environment."
Personal and Professional Changes
"Now that I know more, my fashion choices are also evolving as I embrace faux alternatives in my own life. I'll educate and explain that I'm recommending these products for these reasons. If someone is adamant that they need a down pillow or leather sofa, they're welcome to do that, it's their choice and their home," says Wood.
"Awareness creates change. I have some changes to make, too. I don't want anyone to think I'm going to judge them. I will probably arrive at their house wearing leather shoes or a down jacket as I already own these things," she says. "I also own leather chairs and wool rugs. I didn't know any better a short time ago, either. It's all a learning process."
cruelty free products, interior decorating, vegan interior design


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The Maitai Valley to the east of Nelson city is a popular recreational area, with numerous picnic and swimming spots. These include Black Hole, Dennes Hole, Sunday Hole, Sharlands Hole, the Maitai Reserve and Smith's Ford. Nine kilometres up the river is the Maitai Dam, Nelson's main water supply.
The Maitai is a great playground for Nelson, as well as being the main source of Nelson's fresh water. And if you think it all ends at the golf course - think again. The council-owned land extends over 10,000 hectares up the Maitai Valley, and beyond to the Brook and Roding reserves in adjacent valleys to the south and west.
Maitai Dam. Nelson City Council.
The Dun Mountain, at the heart of the Nelson Mineral Belt, is one of the most geologically interesting areas in New Zealand. Its diverse minerals also mean it has an interesting history - from early use by Māori as a source of argillite adzes, and in early European settler times as the centre for hopes of wealth from copper mining.
The Nelson Mineral Belt consists of heavy ultramafic rocks such as serpentine, which formed the ocean floor and were thrust into the crust of the Gondwana super-continent some 280 million years ago. New Zealand is a small fragment of Gondwana that began breaking apart about 100 million years ago.
Argillite, known to Māori as pakohe, is a tough but workable rock that starts out as mudstone, before it is heated and compressed within layers of serpentine, causing a chemical reaction. At the Rush Pool quarry you can also see the layers of green glassy serpentine. The superior quality of Nelson argillites made them highly prized - they were traded by local Māori, while Māori from elsewhere travelled to Nelson to acquire stone for tools.
The first argillite used by Nelson Māori was probably from rocks washed down the Maitai river. After these easier finds were used up, it was time to hunt for the source, well up the Maitai Valley. The Rush Pools, which leads off from the Maitai Dam, takes you up to this source: a stone age site, just a stone's throw from a modern city. The argillite was worked into stone tools; in skilled hands it was shaped by flaking. Large hammerstones - some of granodiorite obtained from the Boulder Bank - were carried up to the site and were repeatedly dropped against aparticular spot on the argillite outcrop until it fractured. The argillite was then further broken and flaked into smaller shapes.
āori. Please treat it with respect, and conform to the Māori practice of not eating food in a sacred place.
The high mineral content of the soil gives the Dun Mountain its sparse and stunted cover of vegetation and characteristic reddish brown rock-strewn landscape; with early Māori possibly also having burnt off the vegetation on these slopes. The combined effect creates the open appearance noted by the first settlers, who called this ridge Bare Spur.
'Wilding pines' are a problem in the Maitai valley. These self-set trees are a menace and will destroy the fragile ecology of the mineral belt and modify the landscape and historic sites, if not kept in check.
"We have to assess the greatest threats to this area and decide on management targets that are achievable and able to be sustained over time," says Council Asset Development Adviser Paul McArthur. The wilding pines on the front face of Dun Mountain and around the Rush Pools were cut down in 2009, with the programme concentrating in following years on Mt Malita in the Roding catchment.
It takes specialised plant species to survive on the heavy metal concentrations of the Mineral Belt, but it is home to over 28 plant species that are threatened, rare or with a restricted range. These include ultramafic tussock, a small gentian, scree plants, a forget-me-not, a serpentine Olearia and a hebe that is restricted to this area. Some of the vegetation is nationally rare and contains a large number of threatened plants.
The Maitai Cave walk takes a southern turn into the limestone area of the mineral belt. The limestone has been tilted to vertical by earth movements, making channels for water that carve out cave formations. These have their own unique insect and plant life including a rare limestone kowhai.
Tantragee arboretum sits alongside the Maitai River on the route to the Maitai Dam. The idea for the Arboretum was first proposed in 1979. Converting the 14 hectare block, from gorse and weeds to a carefully arranged palette of deciduous and evergreen trees under-grazed by sheep, would complement established amenity plantings in the valley and create a much needed fire break between Sharlands Hill and Fringed Hill.
In February 1981 a disastrous fire started in the Tantragee saddle area and swept onto Fringe Hill and the Hira afforestation areas. In 1983 the arboretum proposal became a reality as a joint New Zealand Forest Service and Nelson City Council project. Private forestry companies continue to support the arboretum. Today there are over 50 species of trees; deciduous species chosen for autumn display, conifers for contrast, other species for scientific interest, timber quality or flowers and fruit.
Tantragee is the name given to the arboretum and the Saddle adjoining Brook Valley. Early settler John Kidson had a property in the Brook Valley which was referred to as Tanderagee in newspaper reports of the Dun Mountain Railway construction. This was probably the source of today's name Tantragee; possibly a corruption of Tanderagee, a small market town in Armagh Ireland. In Belfast, within St Patrick's Church of Ireland Cathedral, stands a stone statue known as the Tanderagee Idol. Visually powerful despite its two foot height, it is said to represent the early Celtic ruler, King Nuadha who had his battle-severed arm replaced with one made of silver.
South Branch Intakes (30 minutes return)- turn left at the ford and follow the river's edge to the intake.
Rushpool quarry(2.5 hours return) - along the track, vegetation changes from pine forest to interesting native plant cover on the Mineral Belt.
Dew lakes(5 hours return) - for excellent views down the Pelorus Valley towards Havelock, then another clearing 3 minutes later opens to Tasman Bay and the Western Ranges.
I like to ask the Maitai dam caretaker about getting onto Mongatapo track. Ed - contact Nelson City Council for latest information (enquiry@ncc.govt.nz). The Maungatapu track is currently accessible for walkers, bikes and motorbikes.


text:
These Thy Atoms
Posted by Stacy A. Trasancos | Feb 16, 2016 | Faith and Science, In the Spotlight |
Thorough Materialism
"The Catholic should be the most thorough materialist." —Fr. Stanley L. Jaki[1]
True to the late Fr. Jaki's dictum, I am a thorough materialist. I see nature as a system of interacting matter and forces. My four-year-old son has apparently acquired my enthusiasm. He heard me say that everything is made of atoms, and he took that idea seriously and pervasively. "Mom, are trees atoms? Mom, is my arm atoms? Wait. Am I eating atoms?" Those questions were soon followed with, "Move! I have to pee atoms!" To my knowledge, there is no historical record of the young Leucippus or Democritus asking such questions of their mothers in ancient Greece, but it seems reasonable to assume they may have pondered the implications of particles in their daily lives too. It is only natural that we inquire about the elemental inputs (and outputs) of our physical existence.
Of course, Fr. Jaki did not mean that we should only be materialists. He meant we should be "thorough" in that we ought to strive to understand all scientific discoveries and appreciate the disciplined study of the physical realm, for it is the study of the Handiwork of God. He wrote that line in a booklet titled Intelligent Design? His point was that intelligent design is an all-or-none proposition. Either we accept that the Creator is the consistently operating ground of all existence, or we do not. There is no half way, no saying: "Well, these genes sure seem intelligently designed. But those rocks? That dirt? No, those things are not intelligently designed." Creation cannot be partially designed, and for that reason we should "thoroughly" explore science.
Nothing, in my opinion, makes that point more particularly than the atom. The atom is considered the fundamental particle of the elements from which the substances all around us are made, yet it is not the most elementary particle because the atom is made up of yet smaller entities. The atom is central in science. If atoms are designed, then everything physical is designed. Quantum physics builds up our models of atomic structure, and biochemistry grows forth from them. Atoms are the building blocks of physical materials, and any chemist will confirm that atoms themselves pose many a mystery to the human mind.
I am a Catholic convert, but I was a chemist before I was a Catholic. At first people assumed I had some insight into reconciling faith and science since surely I must have overcome one worldview to get to the other, trading science for faith where I once traded faith for science. But my views are not a "reconciliation" in the sense that I compromised either passion. My conversion did not involve picking sides. It was a "both/and" assent to a fuller view of reality. In time, I was excited to learn of the fruitful dialogue between scientists and theologians in scholarly spheres, but I was also frustrated. The media rarely covers the intense and brilliant discussions happening at the intersections of faith and science. The general public is instead treated to debates waged by people who are at the extremes of either atheistic or religious fundamentalism. Those opponents read nefariousness into the other side and debate their perceptions of each other. Public opinion, meanwhile, gets muddled in drawn out debates on the wrong questions until the faithful are left hesitant to trust either side. The religious debaters make it seem like the scientist debaters are trying to deceive the public, and the scientist debaters make it seem like only atheists can be scientists.
So I want to share my perspective about — my utter fascination with — this little fundamental, central, mystical thing we call the atom because I think it brings us all back to basics. I know what it is like to conduct scientific research while ignoring God, and I know what it is like to take the leap to see science from the higher vantage of philosophy and theology in, as I like to say, the "light of faith." Thorough materialism, as it were, led me to God, and I am a more passionate materialist than ever before because I am passionate about Creation. Come, let us talk atoms.
The Particle at the Intersection
If we could dwarf ourselves down to the atomic realm, we would see a different set of physical laws than we are accustomed to seeing. A diamond is solid carbon. Carbon has an atomic mass of 12.01 grams per mole. A 1 carat diamond is 0.200 grams, so there are about 1.00 x 1022 atoms of carbon in a 1 carat diamond. Earth's population is about 7,000,000,000 people, so if we could gather all the people in the world together into a 1 carat diamond and if those people were the mass of a carbon atom, there would be over 1.4 trillion Earth populations in that diamond. Crazy, huh?
The word "particle" really fails to explain the atom, however. Except in certain models like kinetic theory where it makes sense to think of atoms as hard spherical particles, the atom is better understood as a complex intersection between the physical and the non-physical realm. It is thought that atoms are mostly empty space with electrons described in mathematically probable orbits whizzing around unimaginably dense nuclei where gluons carry the strong nuclear force to hold quarks together as protons and neutrons. This strong force is actually better thought of as an interaction because without a relation to a particle it would not exist. (For an interesting Trinitarian theology comparison, see ST.I.40.)
The strong force is on the order of 1039 times stronger than gravity at the distance between protons,[2] which are measured to be 1.67 x 10-24 grams, very nearly but not exactly the mass of the neutron. But even as one speaks such large and small numbers, one cannot actually grasp their meaning. Neither can one really mentally picture the strong force. As strong as it is, the strong force does not extend outside of the nucleus. From there, the electromagnetic force, which is carried by photons (light), takes over and is itself many times stronger than gravity. The electromagnetic interaction is more easily grasp by the imagination, a physical interaction between electrically charged protons and electrons, the interaction governing the processes in chemical reactions so familiar to chemists.
If these details were not perplexing enough, the beauty of the periodic table ought to make one lay down and weep for joy. The periodic table was discovered not invented. One may need a PhD in Chemistry or Physics to navigate the beautiful equations in quantum mechanics that approximate our knowledge of atoms, but the discoveries of quantum mechanics and of the atomic realm manifest themselves right on the periodic table introduced to elementary students. What am I talking about with all this weeping and beauty stuff? Order. There is profound order, not just in the atom but among the atoms in relation to each other. Every element in the universe, including all those atoms of elements combined into molecules making up your environment, your body, your clothes, your food, and your air, is ordered, one by one, as if given marching orders, by an increasing number of protons in the nucleus. That is what identifies the elements — the number of protons — and there are no missing spots. Oxygen, and oxygen alone, has 8 protons. Carbon, and no other, has 6. Platinum has 78 protons, gold has 79, and mercury has 80. The protons in turn influence the number of electrons, whose arrangements seem to direct all chemical reactions, the arrangement that sends us wavelengths of light, each element having its own unique fingerprint. Chemical reactions happen or do not happen because of the relationship between electrons and protons. One has but to marvel at the periodic table to see that a wise and intelligent God "hast ordered all things in measure, and number, and weight." (Wisdom 21:11)
Furthermore, every atom in our bodies came from the Earth whose matter came from supernovas whose matter came from, as far as we can tell, the earliest moments after the Big Bang. Every particle that composes our bodies at this moment has a unique history. Christians sometimes are hesitant to say that living things evolved from atoms, but why stop at atoms? We could say that our bodies evolved from the very beginning of time. It is mind-blowing indeed to consider what journey the atoms in our bodies might have traversed in the last 4.5 billion years on Earth or through the universe in the last 13.8 billion years. Did you ever wonder how many other bodies the atoms in a single body have occupied?
Just take a deep breath and contemplate this fact: You will never, ever know where the atoms you just breathed in have been in the universe. Now exhale. You just set a population of atoms free to continue their journey. Even the atoms in all the molecules on the end of your nose may have occupied some famous person's body or some baboon's behind or floated in some far away river. They may have soared in the Earth's atmosphere, and they once existed in the vast reaches of the cosmos. The Anthropic Principle aside, your physical existence depends, moment by moment, on particles following exact laws of order that the best scientists today still cannot fully describe, which brings us to another fundamental profundity.
The atom is proof of the incompleteness of scientific understanding. Chemistry students in high school learn about the history of the atom from the conception of Democritus in ancient Greece to more than 2,000 years later when John Dalton formulated his atomic theory that all elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles that combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds. The search for more fundamental particles continued into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries with the discovery of electrons by J.J. Thomson in 1897 and Robert A. Millikan, who calculated the mass and charge of electrons in 1916, and the nucleus and protons by Ernest Rutherford in 1911. Students learn about Niels Bohr in 1913 and his new atomic model which visualized the atom as a dense nucleus with a positive charge and a cloud of electrons at fixed energies called energy levels. They are taught that theoretical calculations and experiments led to a new model of the atom whereby an equation solved by Erwin Schrödinger describes the behavior of an electron.[3]
The over-arching story is that once firmly held ideas are frequently, if talking decades, overturned by new ones. Einstein thought the universe was static. Mendeleev once calculated the atomic weight of the ether, and Lord Kelvin thought atoms were vortexes in that medium. Thomson thought electrons were corpuscles, negatively charged particles surrounded by a soup of positive charge like raisins in pudding. Bohr thought the wave function represented the limits of what can be known about a physical system.
Today elementary particle research zig-zags ahead. In March 2014, astronomers thought they had detected the first evidence of primordial gravitational waves from 13.8 billion years ago with the BICEP2 telescope at the South Pole. There was much excitement because the detection of these waves had been predicted by Einstein as proof of the cosmic inflation that followed the Big Bang. In January 2015, the journal Nature reported that the gravitational waves discovery was "now officially dead." [4] As it turned out, what astronomers thought were gravitational waves of cosmic origin was Milky Way dust. But the search continues because that is the nature of scientific research. It is provisional. It is incomplete. As such, it is also vibrant.[5]
In the summer of 2015, physicists at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research where the discovery of the Higgs boson was reported in 2012, confirmed evidence of the pentaquark, a subatomic particle made up of five quarks predicted to provide further information about how stars form.[6] New research is so exciting that there are a reported 30,000 accelerators in operation around the world for discovery into particle physics. The United State Department of Energy Office of Science's Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) runs under Interstate 280 in northern California. The Large Hadron Collider runs underneath villages in the Swiss-French countryside, and the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, CESR, runs beneath the soccer, football and lacrosse fields at Cornell.[7] Who knows what stories will introduce the atom to students 100 years from now…
…and that is precisely why I want to tell you about my journey. If science is going to progress, I submit that future scientists must be scientists of faith. Hear me out.
Facing the Chasm
I was not religious when I worked as a chemist, and I know what it is like to conduct scientific research relying on order while not believing in God. I suspect agnostics, atheists, and all those otherwise called "Nones" find fulfillment in science because they are searching for truth and the exact sciences offers some mystery and truth. For me, the search fulfilled itself in the form of nanochemistry. Certain I was going to help save the planet, I joined a research team to help develop new nanometer-scale composite materials to artificially simulate the electron transfer process in photosynthesis to begin to develop new energy sources.
They were intelligently designed for sure. We layered photoreactive polymers on silica particles that were so fine a gram provided 150 square meters of surface area. Our sun was the second harmonic from a Spectra Physics Quanta Ray Nd: YAG LASER that produced 532 nm light aimed at a pinky-sized quartz cuvette of our designs. We were merely trying to simulate a single excitation and "jump" of an electron from one polymer to the other to maintain a brief charge separated state. The photons of light excited the electrons, and about 30% of the excited electrons transferred to another polymer, staying there for a charge-separated half-life of 21 microseconds.[8] We had enough success to publish in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, and a few specialized textbooks on the subject, but those successes only made the reality more awkward.
You see, heathen though I was, I knew that what we observed in all the mindless machinations of nature and what we can do in a super-sophisticated state-of-the-art university research lab is separated by, what I can only call, a chasm.
Each step of the electron transport chain in natural photosynthesis approaches near unit quantum efficiency, and the chain passes the electrons onward to do more work. Globally plants consume about six times more energy than the human race each year, silently giving off oxygen we need to breathe and glucose we need to live.[9] In spite of all I thought I accomplished, in the end I confirmed what the prologue of the Voet and Voet college-level Biochemistry textbook declares. "In all cases, our knowledge, extensive as it is, is dwarfed by our ignorance."[10]
I used to marvel at trees with childlike awe and wonder, but that artificial photosynthesis project squelched it. Staring at a single leaf was like staring across a chasm I knew I could never cross. I knew too much about atoms and what they do in biological molecular machinery. I knew how exacting and rigorous the processes are, both within the atom and without it. I knew how efficiently photosynthesis chugs along, and I knew that photosynthesis is but a cycle in a much larger global cycle. And I knew my fancy experiments would never, ever come close to any of that.
It is still hard for me to look at a single leaf because I, likewise, know I could never fully appreciate the marvels clicking away before my eyes. Even if I could have simulated a part of the process exactly the way nature does it, I could never make time stop so I could analyze all that passes my failing human eyes in any second. We marvel over the beauty in snapshots of single snowflakes, but untold trillions of such masterpieces form in every snowstorm, fall to the Earth, and melt unnoticed. It as if the beauty of nature is mostly wasted on the blindness of humanity.
Laughably, we nanocomposite artificial photosynthesis groupies were but puny observers and manipulators of laws magnificently beyond the work of human hands, and we knew it. Everything we did was a manipulation of matter obeying laws that came from…Somewhere Else. You do not often hear people who lack a belief in God talk about how it feels to grapple with science. Let me tell you. When you rob yourself of the ability to see beyond science, science becomes just as dead as it becomes mechanical. "Perhaps," I remember thinking, "this is what they mean when they say the meek inherit the Earth." To see the beauty of the world, you need docility not arrogance.
How did I deal with the denial? I tried to tell myself it did not matter. When we use mobile phones, we do not feel angst if we do not know how they work. We do not need the answer, and the answer would not demand much of us in return. With similar nonchalance, I simply shelved those bigger questions because I did not need the answers to do my work. It was only when I wanted to pursue a life of faith that I had to face up to that chasm I ignored. No one thinks mobile phones are the key to salvation (let us hope), but you need courage to face the supernatural reality about everlasting life. Once you leap into that unknown, you do not know what the truth will demand of you. You do not know if you will fall to your death or find some way to fly.
Every day I worked as a chemist, I knew I stood on a precipice with my back to that expanse of truth I was not willing to see. At times, it was hard to convince myself not to care. I worked, you could say, by looking down at the ground so I could keep my feet safely planted there, chiseling grains off the crag I clung to. I did not dare look up or out even though the scientist in me, deep down in those quiet moments when I let my mind wander, wanted to know the big truth beyond me. The poet, Francis Thompson, said faith pursues you like the Hound of Heaven, a grace that takes no leave, not in the "nights" or "down the days," the "arches of the years" or the "labyrinthine ways,"[11] but for me faith was more like the elephant in the laboratory. It was obvious and enormous, and ultimately impossible to ignore. A scientist who does not believe in Creation has to daily ignore the elephantine fact that she does not even know why the truths she strives to discover are there. She has no fundamental explanation for why she cares about atoms. She cannot answer the ultimate "Why?" a question most dear to her scientific heart.
People hold scientists in high regard as intellectuals, but conducting scientific research does not instill in a person broad knowledge traditionally associated with intellectuals. The work is often like grunt work. The intellectual aspect takes a scientist from broadly absorbing scientific literature in a specific area of research into narrower and narrower, exceedingly specialized scientific method cycles to hypothesize and test exceedingly specific questions. I guess if you wanted to plot it, a scientist's knowledge looks like a vertical spike. Arguably, this spiking of the intellect was my source of angst. Scientists need to know more than science, or they cannot understand science as science.
As it turns out, granting assent to the truths of faith was the most intellectually satisfying leap I ever dared to take as a scientist and more importantly as a person. When science is informed by faith and faith is informed by science, it is like looking out an airplane window on a clear day. You can see the details of the land you live and work on, where you thoroughly know the grains and crags, the contours and machinations, and you can also see how that land fits in with a bigger multi-dimensional world. To see science in the light of faith is, simply, to see more of reality. And science must be about reality.
Three Simple Returns
So I propose three returns, for anyone interested in the faith and science dialogue, be you children, high school students, university students, young professionals, parents, educators, seminarians, priests, or all those brilliant scholars participating in the faith and science dialogue: 1) Return to first principles. 2) Return to an insistence on the limits of science. 3) Return to childlike awe and wonder in everyday things.
The first principles are in the Creed. "I believe in God the Father Almighty, Creator of Heaven and Earth." Great care should be taken to never give the impression that science somehow shores up faith. If we ever give the impression that we need to sell faith with science, we send the message that maybe we think faith is not reasonable after all. Scholars know science cannot prove or disprove God, but there is an appeal in popular culture to invoke science as providing evidence for faith, for example in the case of the Big Bang.
While scholars cite the Big Bang as evidence there was a beginning in time, they know they are citing it as inductive proof, that is, as proof that corroborates a larger conclusion but does not demand its own conclusion. Deductive reasoning goes the other way. The deductive reasoning of metaphysics can lead to only one conclusion that there had to be a beginning in time and a Creator, and this sound reasoning ought to guide scientific insights for it is a waste of time for a scientist to pursue metaphysical absurdities.
For example, such is argued in Fr. Robert J. Spitzer's 2010 book, New Proofs for the Existence of God: Contributions of Contemporary Physics and Philosophy.[12] The title may be misleading if not read carefully. Fr. Spitzer does not argue that science proves the existence of God, but he argues that contemporary physics points to the same conclusion that metaphysical deductive reasoning discovers — that the one Unconditioned Reality is the continuous Creator of all else that is. In doing so, Fr. Spitzer shows how sound philosophical reasoning might lead scientific questioning. His book offers the kind of guidance a scientist not trained in philosophy needs.
Nevertheless, the public needs to hear this advice before they ever get to such a book about proofs of God: Whether physics in our lifetime points to a beginning or not, we still affirm a beginning because we hold that truth in faith. Before the Big Bang theory when some thought the universe was infinite, the Church did not change her Creed, nor will She in the future if scientists include the assumption of infinite time in their equations.
Therefore, and secondly, scholars must make absolutely clear the limits of science. Fr. Jaki was adamant about this distinction. Physical and biological sciences are limited to physical and biological questions. To physics, all objects including living things are systems of particles. Living objects differ from non-living objects in their degree of complexity. Biology is only a spectator of life. Biology observes, describes, and sorts life's characteristics once the fiat of life has begun. Metaphysics, philosophy, and theology are separate disciplines with their own methods. They deal with meaning, purpose, and destiny, and like science, they are uniquely human endeavors.
I never liked Stephen J. Gould's NOMA (non-overlapping magisteria) theory. He held that science and theology were entirely separate spheres only touching borders at times as if they were children afraid of cooties. I think of it differently. Once lifted by faith, it was as if I could gaze down and see science among the other disciplines. I could see how they fit together because I had the higher perspective. We need to know about the atom, and we need to learn about math, language, philosophy, theology, history, and the arts. A classical education encourages this broadness. Bring back classical education.
Last, to rediscover the childlike awe and wonder we simply need to remind ourselves what we already know in the mundane details of daily life. For example, like many mothers, I cook up systems of atoms in my domestic laboratory and serve them to the living analytical machines I call my family. My son, whose antics are mentioned in the beginning of the essay, demonstrated this last point as only children can. A few days after his litany of questions probing the extent that atoms comprise the physical world, I served him a plate of spaghetti and meatballs, his favorite. Where a lesser materialist would say, "Bless us O Lord and these thy gifts," he went one step more specific.
"Bless us O Lord and," with a self-satisfied grin, "these thy atoms."
That is how we should approach science in the light of faith. We should gratefully approach the scientific table in the light of faith as a form of worship to know and love God. Contrary to the conflict myth, science has united the global community into one big discussion about our future, and I am happy to announce that philosophers and theologians are indeed taking their rightful seats at that table to guide the way. Will you people of faith join them? Whether another person sees the atoms as gifts from God or whether the other person prays some other way, we should never set aside a confident faith in Christ and His Church, not before meals and not before science. We start with our prayer of thanks. We see the material realm for the beauty that it is, and our radiant faith illuminates the discourse about all those atoms.
This essay was a recipient of the Re-Engaging Science in Seminaries essay award.
Rev. Dr. Thierry Magnin
Physicist, Priest, and Rector
Dr. Ignacio Silva
The Ian Ramsey Centre for Science and Religion
Oxford University, UK
Science-Theology Researcher and Program Coordinator
Professor Emerita Doris Donnelly
Theologian and Project Director of Re-Engaging Science in Seminary Formation
Funding for this initiative at
University Heights • Cleveland, Ohio
has been provided by the
John Templeton Foundation.
Stacy Trasancos is available for interviews.
Contact her at stacytrasancos@msn.com.
[1] Stanley L. Jaki, Intelligent Design? (Port Huron, MI: Real View Books, 2005), p. 5.
[2] Constantinos G. Vayenas and Stamatios N.-A. Souentie, Gravity, Special Relativity, and the Strong Force: A Bohr-Einstein-de Broglie Model for the Formation of Hadrons (New York, NY: Springer, 2012), p. 25.
[3] Michael, Wysession, David Frank, Sophia Yancopoulos, Physical Science: Concepts in Action (Boston, MA: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2006), chapter 4.
[4] Ron Cowen, "Telescope captures view of gravitational waves," Nature Breaking News (2014).
[5] R. Aaij et al. "Observation of J=ψp Resonances Consistent with Pentaquark States in Λ0 b → J=ψK−p Decays," Physics Review Letters, (14 August 2015), PRL 115, 072001.
[6] Since this essay was written, the story continues, "Einstein's gravitational waves found at last," Nature (16 January 2016).
[7] Sarah Witman, "Ten things you might not know about particle accelerators," Symmetry Magazine (Department of Energy, April 15, 2014).
[8] Steven W. Keller, Stacy A. Johnson (Trasancos), Elaine S. Brigham, Edward H. Yonemoto, and T. E. Mallouk, "Photoinduced Charge Separation in Multilayer Thin Films Grown by Sequential Adsorption of Polyelectrolytes," Journal of the American Chemical Society (1995), 117, pp. 12879-12880.
[9] "Renewable biological systems for unsustainable energy production," FAO Agricultural Services Bulletins (1997).
[10] Donald Voet and Judith G. Voet, Biochemistry (New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1990), p. 16.
[11] Francis Thompson, "The Hound of Heaven," A Poem (1859-1907).
[12] Robert Spitzer, New Proofs for the Existence of God: Contributions of Contemporary Physics and Philosophy (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2010).
PreviousCatholic Quote of the Day — from Fr. Robert J. Spitzer, SJ
NextEncountering the Word — Hebrews 3:12-14
Stacy A. Trasancos
Stacy Trasancos is a wife and homeschooling mother of seven. She holds a PhD in Chemistry from Penn State University and a MA in Dogmatic Theology from Holy Apostles College and Seminary. She worked as a chemist for DuPont in the Lycra® and Teflon® businesses.
She teaches Chemistry and Physics for Kolbe Academy Online and Homeschool Program and serves as the Science Department Chair. She is teaching a set of summer mini-workshops titled "Science in the Light of Faith" for students, parents, other educators, or any Christian interested in the nuts and bolts of navigating science.
Similarly, she is teaching a "Reading Science in the Light of Faith" at Holy Apostles College & Seminary next Fall (2016). The course is funded by a John Templeton Foundation grant through John Carroll University for teaching science in seminaries. She is on the Board of Directors for ITEST (the Institute for the Theological Encounter with Science and Technology) where the essays from the course will be shared with the public.
Also in the Fall of 2016, she will teach a "Theological History of Science" course at Seton Hall University, where her mentor, the late Fr. Stanley L. Jaki was a distinguished professor. She is the author of Science Was Born of Christianity: The Teaching of Fr. Stanley L. Jaki.
Her new book, Particles of Faith: A Catholic Guide to Navigating Science is forthcoming with Ave Maria Press...
She teaches, researches, and writes from her family's 100-year old restored mountain lodge in the Adirondack mountains, where her husband and children (and two German Shepherds) remain her favorite priorities. Here is her website.
The Fiery Furnace
The Apple Argument Against Abortion
The Danger of Human Respect
Is It Better to Love or Be Loved?


text:
package ru.stqa.pft.addressbook.model;

public class ContactData {
  private final String fname;
  private final String lname;
  private final String city;
  private final String mob;
  private final String mail;
  private final String year;
  private String group;

  public ContactData(String fname, String lname, String city, String mob, String mail, String year, String group) {
    this.fname = fname;
    this.lname = lname;
    this.city = city;
    this.mob = mob;
    this.mail = mail;
    this.year = year;
    this.group = group;
  }

  public String getFname() {
    return fname;
  }

  public String getLname() {
    return lname;
  }

  public String getCity() {
    return city;
  }

  public String getMob() {
    return mob;
  }

  public String getMail() {
    return mail;
  }

  public String getYear() {
    return year;
  }

  public String getGroup() {
    return group;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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FISHKILL — Tanner Biagini had one of his best games of the season last month at Jamestown, going 3-for-5 with two runs scored and one RBI.
He had no idea that 38 years earlier, his father, Greg Biagini, had dug into the same batter's box at what's now called Russell E. Diethrick Jr. Park.
"I didn't really know exactly all the places he had played," Biagini laughed. "I didn't know that about Jamestown. I know he had played in Quebec and Kinston and California and Mexico. All over. It doesn't surprise me."
Greg Biagini played briefly for the Jamestown Expos in 1973, hitting .214 in 28 at-bats. He played six years in the minors, advancing to Triple-A in 1978 and 1979. Later, the elder Biagini became a successful minor-league manager at the Triple-A level. He managed teams to league titles at Rochester (1990) and Oklahoma City (1996). In between, he served as the Baltimore Orioles' hitting coach from 1992-94.
Greg Biagini, who had kidney cancer, died in 2003 when Tanner was 15 years old.
While Biagini didn't recognize the connection to Jamestown, he has had people search him out to talk about his father in other New York-Penn League stops.
"When we played at Auburn, some people from Rochester came down, where he used to manage the Red Wings," Biagini said. "When we played at Aberdeen, they knew him from when he was with the Orioles, so they came down and talked to me."
Tanner Biagini attended D.H. Conley High School in Greenville, N.C., graduating in 2006. One of his high school teammates was Alex White, a right-handed pitcher who was recently traded from Cleveland to Colorado as part of the package for Ubaldo Jimenez. White attracted professional scouts while in high school and Biagini always seemed to play well when they were around.
The Dodgers drafted Biagini in the 48th round of the 2006 draft — the scout that made the pick had coached Greg Biagini at Iowa State — but Tanner opted for college.
"I actually got recruited by West Point in high school," he said. "It was a great school and a great facility and the coaches were awesome. They were really nice guys. But I wasn't quite sure if I was ready to make a full commitment to the Army, that type of thing."
Biagini chose Virginia Military Institute instead and was picked in the 50th round of the 2009 draft after his junior season. Biagini figured he would come back for his senior season, get his degree and try to improve his stock during his senior year, but a hand injury kept him from being drafted at all in 2010.
Biagini signed a minor-league free-agent deal with Tampa Bay in July 2010 and played 20 games in the Gulf Coast League.
This season, Biagini has been the Renegades' reserve corner infielder, playing in about half of the team's games.
"The coaching staff is awesome, and the players are awesome to play with," he said. "The regimen they put us through every day, you're always ready to play. I don't know about the other teams, but I know we work pretty hard. Just going through a round of BP, that's great when you don't get a chance to play every day. You get a lot of reads, stuff like that. When you get in the game, it's a little easier to adjust right away."
Unlike some of his teammates in the Renegades clubhouse, Biagini wasn't a can't-miss prospect in high school or a major college star. He's just glad to have an opportunity to play the game and keep the Biagini name in baseball.
"My dad passed away when I was in high school," he said. "So having all those memories and being able to step back on the field, for me, one, it's a relief from all that kind of stuff. Now, it's a good way for me to remember my dad and think of my dad and know we all connect to the game and stuff like that. All the old, fun, good memories. I know he's looking down on me. I know he's still with me."


On 6th and 7th of February members of University of the Third Age visited the Slovenian Alpine architecture 2008-2018. The visit was led by architect Meta Kutin.
By entering my email address, I agree to receive e-invitations and information about the events of the Dessa Gallery and confirm that I am aware of personal data protection policy.
Thank you. Your entry was successful.


The University of Florida Health Shands hospital system and Central Florida Health have entered into an affiliation agreement to collaborate on new health initiatives that will expand access to leading-edge patient care programs and clinical studies for residents of Lake, Sumter and Marion counties.
Together, hospital officials will be exploring the creation of primary care physician training opportunities at Central Florida Health's Leesburg Regional Medical Center and The Villages® Regional Hospital. The demand for primary care physicians is increasing as the region's population quickly grows, and doctors tend to establish their practices close to where they complete their training. Growing the physician workforce also provides added economic benefits to the local community — and throughout the state.
UF Health already works with Central Florida Health to provide comprehensive stroke care to their patients when needed, offering timely access to the latest technology and the most advanced treatments available. UF Health physicians accept transfer patients from Central Florida Health facilities 24/7 and provide around-the-clock access to consults with a vascular neurologist regarding treatment plans and decisions related to administration of the clot-busting drug tPA for patients who remain in the local area. UF Health also provides educational opportunities, including continuing medical education about the latest in stroke care.
UF Health and Central Florida Health will work to further define their relationship over the next several months, and will meet regularly to define agreements on a variety of clinical, research and educational services that will benefit the local community. Officials also will discuss establishing common approaches to quality of care and safety initiatives.


text:
Q: Get value from XML file using C# I want to fetch only 'Param1' from the below XML file.Please help.With my code it is giving me complete string of values of all attributes under SSIS Parameter Node but t is not giving Param1 in that.
XML File Contents:`
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<SSIS:Parameters xmlns:SSIS="www.microsoft.com/SqlServer/SSIS">
  <SSIS:Parameter
    SSIS:Name="param1">
    <SSIS:Properties>
      <SSIS:Property
        SSIS:Name="ID">{6fc5a81b-723b-4821-b948-0cbd44d86c84}</SSIS:Property>
      <SSIS:Property
        SSIS:Name="CreationName"></SSIS:Property>
      <SSIS:Property
        SSIS:Name="Description"></SSIS:Property>
      <SSIS:Property
        SSIS:Name="IncludeInDebugDump">0</SSIS:Property>
      <SSIS:Property
        SSIS:Name="Required">0</SSIS:Property>
      <SSIS:Property
        SSIS:Name="Sensitive">0</SSIS:Property>
      <SSIS:Property
        SSIS:Name="Value"></SSIS:Property>
      <SSIS:Property
        SSIS:Name="DataType">18</SSIS:Property>
    </SSIS:Properties>
  </SSIS:Parameter>
</SSIS:Parameters>

`
My Code Snippet:
 XmlDataDocument xmldoc = new XmlDataDocument();
        XmlNodeList xmlnode;
        int i = 0;
        string str = null;
        FileStream fs = new FileStream(@"D:\Sample SSIS\sampleDeploymentDemo\sampleDeploymentDemo\Project.params", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
        xmldoc.Load(fs);
        xmlnode = xmldoc.GetElementsByTagName("SSIS:Parameters");
        for (i = 0; i <= xmlnode.Count - 1; i++)
        {
            xmlnode[i].ChildNodes.Item(0).InnerText.Trim();
            str = xmlnode[i].InnerText.Trim() + "  " + xmlnode[i].ChildNodes.Item(1).InnerText.Trim() + "  " + xmlnode[i].ChildNodes.Item(2).InnerText.Trim();
            Console.WriteLine(str);
        }
        Console.ReadLine();

A: "param1" is attribute. You can get it with followed code:
        ...
        xmlnode = xmldoc.GetElementsByTagName("SSIS:Parameters");

        for (i = 0; i <= xmlnode.Count - 1; i++)
        {
           var val = xmlnode[i].FirstChild.Attributes["SSIS:Name"].Value;
           Console.WriteLine(val);
        }
        Console.ReadLine();
        ...

See this link

A: Try XML Linq

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        const string FILENAME = @"c:\temp\test.xml";
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            XDocument doc = XDocument.Load(FILENAME);
            var results = doc.Descendants().Where(x => x.Name.LocalName == "Parameter").Descendants().Where(y => y.Name.LocalName == "Property").Select(z => new
            {
                value = z.Attributes().Where(a => a.Name.LocalName == "Name").Select(b => b.Value).FirstOrDefault()
            }).ToList();
            foreach (var item in results)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item.value);
            }

        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
/*! normalize.css v3.0.3 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */
/**
 * 1. Set default font family to sans-serif.
 * 2. Prevent iOS and IE text size adjust after device orientation change,
 *    without disabling user zoom.
 */
html {
  font-family: sans-serif;
  /* 1 */
  -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;
  /* 2 */
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
  /* 2 */ }

/**
 * Remove default margin.
 */
body {
  margin: 0; }

/* HTML5 display definitions
   ========================================================================== */
/**
 * Correct `block` display not defined for any HTML5 element in IE 8/9.
 * Correct `block` display not defined for `details` or `summary` in IE 10/11
 * and Firefox.
 * Correct `block` display not defined for `main` in IE 11.
 */
article,
aside,
details,
figcaption,
figure,
footer,
header,
hgroup,
main,
menu,
nav,
section,
summary {
  display: block; }

/**
 * 1. Correct `inline-block` display not defined in IE 8/9.
 * 2. Normalize vertical alignment of `progress` in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera.
 */
audio,
canvas,
progress,
video {
  display: inline-block;
  /* 1 */
  vertical-align: baseline;
  /* 2 */ }

/**
 * Prevent modern browsers from displaying `audio` without controls.
 * Remove excess height in iOS 5 devices.
 */
audio:not([controls]) {
  display: none;
  height: 0; }

/**
 * Address `[hidden]` styling not present in IE 8/9/10.
 * Hide the `template` element in IE 8/9/10/11, Safari, and Firefox < 22.
 */
[hidden],
template {
  display: none; }

/* Links
   ========================================================================== */
/**
 * Remove the gray background color from active links in IE 10.
 */
a {
  background-color: transparent; }

/**
 * Improve readability of focused elements when they are also in an
 * active/hover state.
 */
a:active,
a:hover {
  outline: 0; }

/* Text-level semantics
   ========================================================================== */
/**
 * Address styling not present in IE 8/9/10/11, Safari, and Chrome.
 */
abbr[title] {
  border-bottom: 1px dotted; }

/**
 * Address style set to `bolder` in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
 */
b,
strong {
  font-weight: bold; }

/**
 * Address styling not present in Safari and Chrome.
 */
dfn {
  font-style: italic; }

/**
 * Address variable `h1` font-size and margin within `section` and `article`
 * contexts in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
 */
h1 {
  font-size: 2em;
  margin: 0.67em 0; }

/**
 * Address styling not present in IE 8/9.
 */
mark {
  background: #ff0;
  color: #000; }

/**
 * Address inconsistent and variable font size in all browsers.
 */
small {
  font-size: 80%; }

/**
 * Prevent `sub` and `sup` affecting `line-height` in all browsers.
 */
sub,
sup {
  font-size: 75%;
  line-height: 0;
  position: relative;
  vertical-align: baseline; }

sup {
  top: -0.5em; }

sub {
  bottom: -0.25em; }

/* Embedded content
   ========================================================================== */
/**
 * Remove border when inside `a` element in IE 8/9/10.
 */
img {
  border: 0; }

/**
 * Correct overflow not hidden in IE 9/10/11.
 */
svg:not(:root) {
  overflow: hidden; }

/* Grouping content
   ========================================================================== */
/**
 * Address margin not present in IE 8/9 and Safari.
 */
figure {
  margin: 1em 40px; }

/**
 * Address differences between Firefox and other browsers.
 */
hr {
  box-sizing: content-box;
  height: 0; }

/**
 * Contain overflow in all browsers.
 */
pre {
  overflow: auto; }

/**
 * Address odd `em`-unit font size rendering in all browsers.
 */
code,
kbd,
pre,
samp {
  font-family: monospace, monospace;
  font-size: 1em; }

/* Forms
   ========================================================================== */
/**
 * Known limitation: by default, Chrome and Safari on OS X allow very limited
 * styling of `select`, unless a `border` property is set.
 */
/**
 * 1. Correct color not being inherited.
 *    Known issue: affects color of disabled elements.
 * 2. Correct font properties not being inherited.
 * 3. Address margins set differently in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
 */
button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea {
  color: inherit;
  /* 1 */
  font: inherit;
  /* 2 */
  margin: 0;
  /* 3 */ }

/**
 * Address `overflow` set to `hidden` in IE 8/9/10/11.
 */
button {
  overflow: visible; }

/**
 * Address inconsistent `text-transform` inheritance for `button` and `select`.
 * All other form control elements do not inherit `text-transform` values.
 * Correct `button` style inheritance in Firefox, IE 8/9/10/11, and Opera.
 * Correct `select` style inheritance in Firefox.
 */
button,
select {
  text-transform: none; }

/**
 * 1. Avoid the WebKit bug in Android 4.0.* where (2) destroys native `audio`
 *    and `video` controls.
 * 2. Correct inability to style clickable `input` types in iOS.
 * 3. Improve usability and consistency of cursor style between image-type
 *    `input` and others.
 */
button,
html input[type="button"],
input[type="reset"],
input[type="submit"] {
  -webkit-appearance: button;
  /* 2 */
  cursor: pointer;
  /* 3 */ }

/**
 * Re-set default cursor for disabled elements.
 */
button[disabled],
html input[disabled] {
  cursor: default; }

/**
 * Remove inner padding and border in Firefox 4+.
 */
button::-moz-focus-inner,
input::-moz-focus-inner {
  border: 0;
  padding: 0; }

/**
 * Address Firefox 4+ setting `line-height` on `input` using `!important` in
 * the UA stylesheet.
 */
input {
  line-height: normal; }

/**
 * It's recommended that you don't attempt to style these elements.
 * Firefox's implementation doesn't respect box-sizing, padding, or width.
 *
 * 1. Address box sizing set to `content-box` in IE 8/9/10.
 * 2. Remove excess padding in IE 8/9/10.
 */
input[type="checkbox"],
input[type="radio"] {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  /* 1 */
  padding: 0;
  /* 2 */ }

/**
 * Fix the cursor style for Chrome's increment/decrement buttons. For certain
 * `font-size` values of the `input`, it causes the cursor style of the
 * decrement button to change from `default` to `text`.
 */
input[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
input[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
  height: auto; }

/**
 * 1. Address `appearance` set to `searchfield` in Safari and Chrome.
 * 2. Address `box-sizing` set to `border-box` in Safari and Chrome.
 */
input[type="search"] {
  -webkit-appearance: textfield;
  /* 1 */
  box-sizing: content-box;
  /* 2 */ }

/**
 * Remove inner padding and search cancel button in Safari and Chrome on OS X.
 * Safari (but not Chrome) clips the cancel button when the search input has
 * padding (and `textfield` appearance).
 */
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
  -webkit-appearance: none; }

/**
 * Define consistent border, margin, and padding.
 */
fieldset {
  border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;
  margin: 0 2px;
  padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em; }

/**
 * 1. Correct `color` not being inherited in IE 8/9/10/11.
 * 2. Remove padding so people aren't caught out if they zero out fieldsets.
 */
legend {
  border: 0;
  /* 1 */
  padding: 0;
  /* 2 */ }

/**
 * Remove default vertical scrollbar in IE 8/9/10/11.
 */
textarea {
  overflow: auto; }

/**
 * Don't inherit the `font-weight` (applied by a rule above).
 * NOTE: the default cannot safely be changed in Chrome and Safari on OS X.
 */
optgroup {
  font-weight: bold; }

/* Tables
   ========================================================================== */
/**
 * Remove most spacing between table cells.
 */
table {
  border-collapse: collapse;
  border-spacing: 0; }

td,
th {
  padding: 0; }

/*! HTML5 Boilerplate v5.3.0 | MIT License | https://html5boilerplate.com/ */
/*
 * What follows is the result of much research on cross-browser styling.
 * Credit left inline and big thanks to Nicolas Gallagher, Jonathan Neal,
 * Kroc Camen, and the H5BP dev community and team.
 */
/* ==========================================================================
   Base styles: opinionated defaults
   ========================================================================== */
* {
  box-sizing: border-box; }

html {
  font-size: 1em;
  line-height: 1.4; }

/* ==========================================================================
   Author's custom styles
   ========================================================================== */
body {
  font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
  font-weight: 300;
  background-color: #1F242A;
  color: #FAFAFF; }

a {
  color: #FAFAFF;
  text-decoration: none; }
  a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline; }
  a .fa {
    margin-left: 0.2em;
    font-size: 95%; }

main {
  display: none;
  opacity: 0;
  -webkit-transition: opacity 0.6s ease-in;
  -moz-transition: opacity 0.6s ease-in;
  transition: opacity 0.6s ease-in; }
  main.loaded {
    display: block;
    opacity: 1; }

section {
  position: relative;
  text-align: center;
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center center;
  background-repeat: no-repeat; }
  section:nth-child(3n+2) {
    background-color: #0D324D; }
  section:nth-child(3n+3) {
    background-color: #060619; }
  section.has-picture {
    -webkit-text-stroke: #333 0.4px;
    -moz-text-stroke: #333 0.4px; }
  section .section-content {
    position: relative;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%); }
  @media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
    section {
      font-size: 3rem; }
      section .section-content {
        padding: 0 5rem; } }
  @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
    section {
      font-size: 2rem; }
      section .section-content {
        padding: 0 1rem; } }
  section small {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-top: 0.5em; }
  section a {
    -webkit-transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in;
    -moz-transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in;
    opacity: 0.5; }
    section a:hover {
      opacity: 1.0; }

.photo-credit {
  font-size: 8px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 10px;
  right: 10px; }

.social-share-wrapper {
  width: 33%;
  min-width: 200px;
  margin: 1em auto 0;
  padding-bottom: 1em; }
  .social-share-wrapper .social-share {
    width: 50%;
    padding: 0;
    float: left;
    line-height: 0; }
  .social-share-wrapper .social-share-twitter {
    text-align: right;
    padding-right: 40px; }
  .social-share-wrapper .social-share-facebook {
    text-align: left;
    padding-left: 10px; }

@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  #eu-flag {
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), url("../img/backgrounds/eu-flag.jpg"); } }

@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  #eu-flag {
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), url("../img/mobile-backgrounds/eu-flag.jpg"); } }

@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  #stock-market {
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), url("../img/backgrounds/stock-market.jpg"); } }

@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  #stock-market {
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), url("../img/mobile-backgrounds/stock-market.jpg"); } }

@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  #nigel-farage {
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), url("../img/backgrounds/nigel-farage.jpg"); } }

@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  #nigel-farage {
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), url("../img/mobile-backgrounds/nigel-farage.jpg"); } }

@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  #david-cameron {
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)), url("../img/backgrounds/david-cameron.jpg"); } }

@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  #david-cameron {
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)), url("../img/mobile-backgrounds/david-cameron.jpg"); } }

@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  #fish {
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)), url("../img/backgrounds/fish.jpg"); } }

@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  #fish {
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)), url("../img/mobile-backgrounds/fish.jpg"); } }

@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  #hate-crime {
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)), url("../img/backgrounds/hate-crime.jpg"); } }

@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  #hate-crime {
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)), url("../img/mobile-backgrounds/hate-crime.jpg"); } }

@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  #ids {
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), url("../img/backgrounds/ids.jpg"); } }

@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  #ids {
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), url("../img/mobile-backgrounds/ids.jpg"); } }

@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  #property {
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)), url("../img/backgrounds/scaffolding.jpg"); } }

@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  #property {
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)), url("../img/mobile-backgrounds/scaffolding.jpg"); } }

footer {
  text-align: center;
  width: 100%;
  background-color: #000;
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 1000;
  bottom: 0;
  max-height: 0;
  vertical-align: middle;
  -webkit-transition: max-height 0.6s ease-in 0.4s;
  -moz-transition: max-height 0.6s ease-in 0.4s;
  transition: max-height 0.6s ease-in 0.4s; }
  footer a {
    color: #0CCE6B; }
  @media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
    footer {
      line-height: 4em; } }
  @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
    footer {
      line-height: 1.5em; } }
  footer.active {
    height: 1000px; }
    @media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
      footer.active {
        max-height: 4em; } }
    @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
      footer.active {
        max-height: 5em; }
        footer.active div {
          padding-top: 1em; } }

/*
 * Remove text-shadow in selection highlight:
 * https://twitter.com/miketaylr/status/12228805301
 *
 * These selection rule sets have to be separate.
 * Customize the background color to match your design.
 */
::-moz-selection {
  background: #b3d4fc;
  text-shadow: none; }

::selection {
  background: #b3d4fc;
  text-shadow: none; }

/*
 * A better looking default horizontal rule
 */
hr {
  display: block;
  height: 1px;
  border: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
  margin: 1em 0;
  padding: 0; }

/*
 * Remove the gap between audio, canvas, iframes,
 * images, videos and the bottom of their containers:
 * https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/440
 */
audio,
canvas,
iframe,
img,
svg,
video {
  vertical-align: middle; }

/*
 * Remove default fieldset styles.
 */
fieldset {
  border: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0; }

/*
 * Allow only vertical resizing of textareas.
 */
textarea {
  resize: vertical; }

/* ==========================================================================
   Helper classes
   ========================================================================== */
/*
 * Hide visually and from screen readers
 */
.hidden {
  display: none !important; }

/*
 * Hide only visually, but have it available for screen readers:
 * http://snook.ca/archives/html_and_css/hiding-content-for-accessibility
 */
.visuallyhidden {
  border: 0;
  clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
  height: 1px;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 0;
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px; }

/*
 * Extends the .visuallyhidden class to allow the element
 * to be focusable when navigated to via the keyboard:
 * https://www.drupal.org/node/897638
 */
.visuallyhidden.focusable:active,
.visuallyhidden.focusable:focus {
  clip: auto;
  height: auto;
  margin: 0;
  overflow: visible;
  position: static;
  width: auto; }

/*
 * Hide visually and from screen readers, but maintain layout
 */
.invisible {
  visibility: hidden; }

/*
 * Clearfix: contain floats
 *
 * For modern browsers
 * 1. The space content is one way to avoid an Opera bug when the
 *    `contenteditable` attribute is included anywhere else in the document.
 *    Otherwise it causes space to appear at the top and bottom of elements
 *    that receive the `clearfix` class.
 * 2. The use of `table` rather than `block` is only necessary if using
 *    `:before` to contain the top-margins of child elements.
 */
.clearfix:before,
.clearfix:after {
  content: " ";
  /* 1 */
  display: table;
  /* 2 */ }

.clearfix:after {
  clear: both; }

/*# sourceMappingURL=main.css.map */


Spirituality is super trendy these days, especially within the health-conscious circles. Is there a direct correlation between spiritual practices and improved fitness? Can reaching your physical goals become easier when you're more tapped into your spiritual side? Ariana answers these questions and more.


Buncearoo Presents! » About Us About Us – Buncearoo Presents!
BUNCEAROO started as a bucket list inspired party with 6 of our favorite bands playing on a 20 x 20 stage in our backyard in 2010 and has evolved into regular shows now indoors at the Franklin Park Performing Art Center in Purcellville, VA and other location throughout MD, DC & VA. Our goal is to bring great national touring artists and marry them with the best local artists in intimate settings.
Copyright © Bunce Enterprises LLC 2012. All right reserved.


text:
Q: Rotate array and return largest number, does not work for very large numbers I am trying to solve an algorithm challenge. Here are the instructions:

Take a number: 56789. Rotate left, you get 67895.
Keep the first digit in place and rotate left the other digits: 68957.
Keep the first two digits in place and rotate the other ones: 68579.
Keep the first three digits and rotate left the rest: 68597. Now it is
  over since keeping the first four it remains only one digit which
  rotated is itself.
You have the following sequence of numbers:
56789 -> 67895 -> 68957 -> 68579 -> 68597
and you must return the greatest: 68957.
Calling this function max_rot (or maxRot or ... depending on the
  language)
max_rot(56789) should return 68957

This is my solution, it works for all the tests but when given bigger numbers, it fails. Can someone please tell me why it fails? It should work for all cases.
function maxRot(n) {

var numbersArray =[];

n = n.toString().split("")

for(i=0;i<n.length;i++){
   var extractedChars = n.splice(i,1)
   n.push(extractedChars[0])
   numbersArray.push(parseInt(n.join("")))
}

   return Math.max(...numbersArray)
}

Here is an example of some of the errors:
Expected: 507992495, instead got: 99249557
Expected: 433039515, instead got: 330395154
Expected: 210882952, instead got: 188295220
Where am I going wrong?

A: EDIT: adding the correct solution here for clarity (copied from my comment below):
I found what is the error in your logic, you are forgetting to add the first number of the sequence :) push this line above the other 2 lines inside the for loop: numbersArray.push(parseInt(n.join(""))). Also, you should add the last string after you leave the for loop too


text:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace IBM.WatsonDeveloperCloud.Discovery.v1.Model
{
    /// <summary>
    /// A response containing the documents and aggregations for the query.
    /// </summary>
    public class QueryResponse
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or Sets MatchingResults
        /// </summary>
        [JsonProperty("matching_results", NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore)]
        public long? MatchingResults { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or Sets Results
        /// </summary>
        [JsonProperty("results", NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore)]
        public List<QueryResult> Results { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or Sets Aggregations
        /// </summary>
        [JsonProperty("aggregations", NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore)]
        public List<QueryAggregation> Aggregations { get; set; }
    }

}


48"x32" acrylic on textured board. I saw this lovely banana bloom in a yard on my way home from the studio and grabbed my camera as the sun was setting. This is my first piece using a light-weight acid free archival board. I am using lots of textures and layers of paint.
signed, numbered giclee print matted to 16"x20"