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The BBI Case at the Supreme Court of Kenya – Day 2
By now, it is evident that the battle lines have been drawn, and the points of conflict are beginning to appear in a clearer fashion.
Gautam Bhatia
Day 2 of the BBI hearing (read analysis of Day 1 here) at the Kenyan Supreme Court (watch here) can be divided into three phrases. In the first phase, counsel supporting the appellants (i.e., broadly, the pro-BBI side) finished their submissions. In the second phase, the bench posed a series of questions to the pro-BBI side. In the third phase, the anti-BBI side (or, the Respondents) commenced its submissions. This typology is slightly reductive: for example, Mr. Isaac Aluochier, who argued in the first session, was against the basic structure doctrine, but was also against the BBI (for other reasons). Mr. Morara Omoke, who argued in the third session, was technically an appellant, as he had filed a cross-appeal on the question of single and multiple referendum questions. However, in the interests of sanity, this typology will have to do for the purposes of this post.
The President's legal team opened Day 2. SC Waveru Gatonye addressed the Court on the issue of Presidential immunity. Like his predecessors the day before, he focused on how the Kenyan Constitution contains inbuilt accountability mechanisms that are consistent with wide-ranging Presidential immunity from civil proceedings during the term of office. For example, wronged parties could sue the Attorney-General, and impeachment proceedings could always be launched. A bar upon suing the President during their term of office, therefore (for things done in the operation of their office) would not lead to impunity. Continuing on the theme of Presidential powers, SC Kimani Kiragu then argued on Presidential involvement in the Popular Initiative under Article 257: he argued that the sovereign People of Kenya had delegated a part of their authority to H.E. the President. Once that had been done, there could be no half-measures: the President must be deemed to possess all sovereign powers that had been delegated – including the power to initiate constitutional reform – unless there was an express limitation in the Constitution. In the context of Article 257, there was no such limitation. Readers will take careful note of this argument; as we shall see, it will become particularly important when contrasted with the Respondents' submissions on this point.
Mr. Isaac Aluochier took the podium, to argue against both the basic structure doctrine and Presidential immunity. I want to flag one particular argument, as it was made before the Court of Appeal as well: that the basic structure doctrine is precluded by Article 1 of the 2010 Constitution of Kenya, which states that "all sovereign power belongs to the people of Kenya and shall be exercised only in accordance with this Constitution." Mr. Aluochier argued that Article 1 is express authority for the proposition that there can be no "extra-constitutional defence mechanism" for the Constitution, such as the basic structure doctrine. However, as I have tried to show before, this argument proves too much: at all times, the phrase "this Constitution" presumes the existence of the Constitution under advisement, that is, the 2010 Constitution. However, the whole point of the basic structure doctrine is to prevent or regulate amendments that are of such a nature that "this Constitution" will no longer be "this Constitution", as its fundamental identity has been altered. Thus, if the basic structure doctrine is otherwise correct, Article 1 does not refute it: when you say that sovereign power will be exercised in accordance with this Constitution, it already excludes situations where this Constitution is no longer this Constitution – which is the situation that the basic structure doctrine is meant to cover. To be clear: this is not an affirmative argument in support of the basic structure doctrine. It is, however, a defensive argument that demonstrates that whatever other arguments there might be against the doctrine, Article 1(1) cannot be pressed into service here.
Second Phase
In an interesting turn of events, the bench did not pose any questions to counsel while they were arguing; instead, in the second phase, each of the judges took turns in posing a series of questions. Counsel for the pro-BBI side were then granted three minutes each to respond to the questions most relevant to their brief.
Let us group the questions thematically. On the subject of the basic structure, Lenaola J asked what it meant to say that sovereignty was "extra-constitutional". Njoki J wanted to know if the four-step sequential process was found anywhere in the Constitution. Smokin Wanjala J asked why the appellants located the Kenyan Constitution's basic structure within Article 255 – and why believed that the basic structure doctrine was inapplicable in Kenya. On the popular initiative, Lenaola J asked if there was any global precedent for a President – or a President-like figure – being involved in something like a popular initiative. Njoki J asked if the President was authorised to move under a popular initiative in order to fulfil his constitutional functions (readers will note this question, as an interesting answer was provided during Respondents' submissions). Smokin Wanjala J enquired why it was being argued that the popular initiative kicked in only after the collection of a million signatures – and not before. Koome CJ also asked about the initiation of the popular initiative, and whether the requirement of public participation required a legal framework or rules of procedure, to be instantiated. Finally, on the subject of distinct and separate referendum questions, Ouku J made the important point that while four judges in the Court of Appeal seemed to endorse the "thematic unity" approach to referendum questions (i.e., referendum questions within a single theme could be grouped together, but not from different themes), the final disposition of the Court of Appeal reflected the opposite holding. Lenaola J asked if it was correct to say that the question was not yet ripe, as the IEBC was yet to decide how to frame the referendum questions; and Njoki J wanted to know if – given that there was nothing express in the Constitution – whether the thematic approach implied inserting into the Constitution something that was not there.
Responses to these questions were along familiar and expected lines: counsel reiterated – or further explained – the positions they had taken, including the argument that the basic structure doctrine applies only when there is a parliamentary monopoly over amendments, that the Kenyan Constitution's basic structure was identified in Article 255 and provision for its amendment set out in Article 257, that Kesavananda Bharati is inapplicable to Kenya, that the scope of public participation is expressly set out in Article 257, and varies with the stage of the popular initiative, that the referendum question issue was unripe. Most of these points were addressed in yesterday's blog post, and I will not repeat the arguments here.
Let me, however, flag two interesting responses. One response came on the question of global precedent: apparently, in Lichtenstein, the Prince had proposed a series of constitutional changes through a popular initiative (including the power to appoint judges), which were eventually passed by a referendum. Now, it was undoubtedly fascinating to hear – for the first time – some comparative constitutional law from Lichtenstein! I do wonder about the appropriateness of the example, though: a Prince taking control of the judiciary through constitutional amendment doesn't exactly feel like a particularly inspiring instance of the use of the popular initiative. Out of curiosity, I did some digging after the hearing: it appears that the Venice Commission strongly criticised many of the constitutional reform proposals for their anti-democratic character, for the reason that they would result in excessive centralisation of power with the monarch. If anything, therefore, the Lichtenstein example seems to show that letting a powerful head of State bring about constitutional reform through popular initiative is more a recipe for abuse than anything else!
The second response was on the basic structure. Perhaps for the first time, counsel bit the bullet, and told the Court that if, tomorrow, there was a constitutional amendment seeking to curtail judicial review itself, the Court could participate in the public discussion around it – but would have no power to invoke the basic structure to invalidate the amendment. Putting the point in such stark terms – i.e., telling the Court that it had no legal power to protect even its own existence from constitutional amendment under Article 257 – is undoubtedly a starkly honest – and rather bold! – argumentative technique. It remains to be seen how the Court will respond to the issue being framed in such categorical terms.
Third Phase
The third phase was kicked off by Mr. Morara Omoke's team, which had filed a cross-appeal on the referendum questions issue, but ultimately launched a full-throated defence of the High Court and Court of Appeal judgments. Counsel responded directly to the Appellants' Kesavananda point, noting that there was a key distinction between Kesavananda and David Ndii. Kesavananda expressly "locked out" a set of amendments altogether. The High Court and the Court of Appeal, however, were equally express that in principle, every provisions of the 2010 Kenyan Constitution – including its basic structure – could be amended (as I argued in yesterday's post, this distinction is crucial, as it – in my view – tracks the contextual differences between the Kenyan and Indian Constitutions). Secondly, counsel argued that the purpose of the four-step sequential process was to deepen public participation in the amendments process. It is important to read the two arguments together. The first argument is an argument demonstrating the need for a different form of the basic structure doctrine in the Kenyan context; and the second argument is an argument demonstrating that the form chosen by the High Court and the Court of Appeal was justified: where the amendment process already provides a role for the People (the two-track process referred to by the Appellants), the basic structure doctrine can only exist to the extent that it deepens that role to a level commensurate with constitutional framing. That, in essence, was what – according to counsel – the High Court and Court of Appeal did, and that was why this particular form of the basic structure doctrine (i.e., the four-step sequential process) was justified in the specific context of Kenya.
Mr. Morara Omoke then advanced a series of arguments supporting the High Court and Court of Appeal: on the issue of IEBC quorum, that Article 250(1) mentioned that the composition of Commissions had to be a minimum of three – but that composition did not equate to quorum. Extending the argument – in terms somewhat similar to the constitutional statute point made in yesterday's blog post, he took the example of the tax code: if – Mr. Morara Omoke argued – amendments to the tax code were struck down, would it be the case that the Code itself would be treated as repealed, leaving the entire domain unregulated? He argued that that could not be the case – and similarly, the striking down of Sections 5 and 7 of the IEBC Act Schedule could not lead to the conclusion that there was now no statutory regulation governing the functioning of the IEBC.
For the sake of completeness, this argument was carried forward later in the day by Ester Ang'awa, who pointed out that the IEBC was regulated by both the Constitution (Article 250(1)), and by statute (the IEBC Act) – both of which, together, functioned as two wings of a plane, and were necessary for it to continue flying. On the failure of one engine (the statute, parts of which were struck down), the plane could not simply run perpetually just on the other. Readers may here again spot similarities with the constitutional statute argument, without the term expressly being mentioned.
Finally, on the issue of referendum questions, Mr. Morara Omoke noted that he had written to the Court of Appeal after its judgment, requesting clarification on the apparent contradiction between the holdings and the disposition; he had a reply stating that there was no contradiction (pretty impressive due diligence!). Mr. Omoke then made the case in favour of the "thematic unity" approach. The case is, by now, a familiar one: a voter cannot exercise choice in any true sense if she is provided with a grab-bag of seventy-four constitutional amendments – some of which she may support and some of which she may oppose – and then asked to approve or reject all of them in an up-down vote. This is a specific problem when "sweeteners" that have nothing to do with constitutional reform are thrown into the mix with the specific intention of making the reform proposals more palatable.
The Respondents then formally opened proceedings, with Mr. Nelson Havi starting the case. His conceptual and theoretical arguments on the basic structure should – by now – be familiar; one important point to flag is that Mr. Havi affirmed that – by its very nature – primary constituent power must lie outside of the Constitution itself. This is a direct response to the argument – made by George Oraro SC the day before – that the 2010 Constitution had textualised the primary constituent power within Articles 255 and 257. Now, while this is true as a matter of constitutional theory, a more subtle point that the appellants had made remains: which is that the closer the amending process in a Constitution gets to the primary constituent power, the less role there is for judicial intervention through the basic structure doctrine. To this, Mr. Havi replied that the four-step sequential process was what provided the wedge between constitutional amendment and constitutional repeal. The four-step sequential process – which lay outside the Constitution – kicked in only when what was being attempted was constitutional repeal (express, or through necessary implication). Thus, no matter how close an amendment process came to approximating the primary constituent power, when what was being done was not an amendment at all, but a repeal, it became necessary to look outside the Constitution in order to find the power for such an action; because, recall – Mr. Havi argued – that the primary constituent power is the power to frame, re-frame, or repeal a Constitution, and must therefore lie outside of it.
On the involvement of the President in the popular initiative, Mr. Havi inverted the argument made by the Appellants: he asked, instead, where in the Constitution was the President granted the power to involve himself in the popular initiative process. This emphasises the point that I made in yesterday's blog post: the popular initiative dispute is, at the end of the day, a dispute about how to interpret a constitutional silence, and will turn upon what the Court thinks is the purpose of Article 257. If the Court thinks that the purpose of Article 257 is to establish bottom-up direct democracy, it will exclude the President; if, however, it does not view Article 257 in that manner, it may not do so.
In the final set of arguments for the day, Elias Mutuma addressed submissions on Presidential involvement in the popular initiative – again, responding specifically to the appellants' core point that in the absence of any constraining provision, the President should be deemed to have the power as part of the normal exercise of his constitutional rights. While it was true – Mr. Mutuma argued – that the People had delegated sovereign power to the President, it was important to note that what had been delegated was executive, not legislative power; thus, to the extent that the President wanted to legislate (and constitutional reform through the Popular Initiative was a form of legislation), he needed express authorisation under the Constitution. A constitutional silence, thus, would need to be interpreted against the President.
Mr. Mutuma went on to make a fascinating argument about the nature of the popular initiative, and when it could be deemed to commence. Under Article 257 – he noted – the People had to be involved with enacting the constitutional reform in question. This envisaged an active role for the People right from the beginning, and not simply a situation where the People were just given a constitutional reform proposal to endorse or reject. Thus, the mere fact that there was a reform proposal with one million signatures did not ipso facto mean that the requirements of Article 257 had been fulfilled.
I want to pause for a moment and reflect upon the deep roots of this argument in democratic theory. Article 257 of the Kenyan Constitution – as I've argued before – is a particularly important provision in how it seeks to infuse direct democracy into the constitutional amendment process. Direct democracy itself, however, can be of two kinds, depending upon whether the citizenry is to be treated as passive consumers of laws, or active participants in their enactment. In the former situation, the political elite continue to devise and frame the laws, with the "direct" role of the People being limited to (mostly) accepting them by acclamation, or (rarely) turning them down. In the latter situation, however, the involvement of the People is deeper, and begins from the moment of the devising of laws. Mr. Mutuma argued that Article 257 envisioned the latter conception of direct democracy, and this would have an impact (a) on the question of when the Popular Initiative could have been deemed to have begun, and (b) on the scope of public participation. Incidentally, it would also have an impact on the question of Presidential involvement: it is far more difficult to justify Presidential involvement if the purpose of Article 257 is to empower an active citizenry to play a front-stage role from the get-go. Top-down, led initiatives are in fundamental conflict with this vision of direct democracy.
Finally, Mr. Mutuma posed a hypothetical: if this was a pre-constitutional moment, and the 2010 Constitution was being submitted for ratification, would the procedure under Article 257 be deemed sufficient? He argued that it would not, and that was why the four-step sequential process – which provided for a deeper and more sustained level of public participation – was justified. Arguments for the day were then concluded by Caroline Jerono, who argued that as all the terms in Article 257 (Bill, Amendment, Suggestion) were in the singular, it was a strong indication in favour of the thematic unity approach to referendum questions.
This brings us to the close of day 2 of the hearings. By now, it is evident that the battle lines have been drawn, and the points of conflict are beginning to appear in a clearer fashion. Tomorrow should bring the curtains down upon the case, and leave us with a clear sense of the issues on which this case will finally turn.
By Gautam Bhatia
Gautam Bhatia is a constitutional lawyer based in New Delhi, India.
BBILinda Katiba
The Kenyan Supreme Court's BBI Judgment – Part III: On Referendum Questions, Other Implications and Untidy Endnotes
The Kenyan Supreme Court's BBI Judgment – Part II: Public Participation, Direct Democracy, and the Popular Initiative
The Kenyan Supreme Court's BBI Judgment – Part I: On Constitutional Amendments and the Basic Structure
The BBI Case at the Supreme Court of Kenya – Day 1: Some Observations
After BBI: There Shall Be Another Presidential Petition in 2022!


Fast trains from Offenburg to Strasbourg take around 27 minutes, covering a distance of approximately 20 kilometres. There are frequent services on the rail route between Offenburg and Strasbourg.
1. Are there direct trains from Offenburg to Strasbourg?
Direct trains from Offenburg to Strasbourg have been found.
We usually find around 43 direct trains on the route from Offenburg to Strasbourg every weekday.
2. How long is the train journey from Offenburg to Strasbourg?
The Offenburg to Strasbourg train travel time is normally about 27 minutes, whatever time you make the journey.
3. What are the Offenburg to Strasbourg train times and schedule?
On weekdays the earliest direct train to Strasbourg is usually scheduled to depart Offenburg around 06:32 and the last train is around 23:25. This is the same at the weekend.
What's the Offenburg to Strasbourg train price?
The earlier you book the better, and the cheapest tickets we've found for trains from Offenburg to Strasbourg are $9.67.
When to book Offenburg to Strasbourg train tickets?
Trains for this journey usually open for booking around 12 months in advance. If booking is not yet open for your dates then you can set a booking alert to receive an email on the day that the cheapest tickets are released for your journey from Offenburg to Strasbourg by train.
Which train companies operate between Offenburg and Strasbourg?


Just after Christmas I arrived in  Oklahoma City, and I was really happy.
Then I met the rest of the committee.
With a great big grin like that I soon began to feel right at home, and like going out and having an ice cream, too.
This snowman appeared by magic and the girls invited it to stay around awhile--which turned out to be about 4 days.
Zach looks rather sad because his Sim city is going broke.
Ever notice that Zach has a little "Devil" in him?  Look at his red eyes!
reminds me so much of Jessica.
comes to being a basketball star.
didn't get to see it while I was there.  Maybe a good thing.
because they were afraid it would freeze its little tail off.
See his little tail?  Pretty smart girls, eh?
And then I had to go home.  Boo hoo.
"Plugging it in makes too much noise.
Besides, my mommy said this is the way we vacuum in Oklahoma."


Short Sale! Fabulous home in Peachtree Corners on a private, 1.3 acre lot. This home was part of the Gwinnett County Garden Tour. Enjoy your evenings on the private screened porch. The interior has high ceilings and a sophisticated cabin charm. Granite counters, stainless steel appliances and a walk-in pantry are in the kitchen. A separate catering kitchen is on the terrace level. Don#039;t miss the opportunity to be this close to the Forum and easy access to Hwy 141, yet have your own private paradise.
4537 Ridgegate Drive, Peachtree Corners, GA 30097 (MLS# 5829362) is a single family attached property with 4 bedrooms and 3.00 bathrooms. 4537 Ridgegate Drive is listed for sale at $435,000.00. To view more Atlanta real estate and local neighborhood information, contact Kristy Hilburn, or visit ColdwellBankerHomes.com.


When the going gets tough, we get spending — on our children.
Even as retailers brace for a lackluster holiday shopping season, companies offering team sports and tutoring for kids are gearing up for growth.
In a study published last year in Demography, sociologists Sabino Kornrich and Frank Furstenberg found that from 1972 to 2007, parents spent more on their children's education and care than on consumer goods.
Wealthier households spent the most, but lower-income parents allocated greater shares of income to their children.
In a follow-up study, Furstenberg found that the recession prompted middle-class parents to slash some spending on kids' programs. But adults also did without things they needed, in order to fund children's after-school activities.
Families continue to funnel money into education and sports. From 2011 to 2012, spending on team sports at school rose 22 percent and outside of school 16 percent in 2012 from 2011, according to the Sports and Fitness Industry Association.
At Brooklyn's Aviator Sports and Events Center, Chief Operating Officer Dean Rivera said youth and amateur sports, rather than adult fitness, are unexpected growth engines.
Tutoring is another hot area. Earlier this year, Barry Diller's media company, IAC, reportedly spent roughly $40 million to acquire Tutor.com. Plans call for growing the number of tutoring sessions per night threefold, to 22,500.
But experts question how much longer cash-strapped parents can keep spending.
"Middle-income families and below are continually struggling to invest enough in their children," said Furstenberg.


I'm extremely annoying on social media.
"Open the space hatch", Commander Dave commanded. "Open it now."
"Private Spielman, you have 3 seconds to open that space hatch!"
Founder of The Connection Exchange - Business & career coaching & networking events. Wife, Mum, foodie, wine lover, creator and innovator. Employer Branding professional and fashion junkie!
I am graphic designer and memeber of Unmake Lab base in Seoul, Korea.


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До́усон Уо́кер (; ) — шотландский футбольный тренер. Возглавлял сборную Шотландии на чемпионате мира 1958 года.

Тренерская карьера
В 1950-х годах Доусон Уокер работал в клубе «Клайд». В начале 1958 года новым тренером сборной Шотландии был назначен Мэтт Басби, согласившийся на совмещение этого поста с работой в «Манчестер Юнайтед». 6 февраля того же года произошла авиакатастрофа в Мюнхене, в результате которой Басби был тяжело ранен. В связи с этим Уокер был назначен исполняющим обязанности тренера национальной сборной. Его первым матчем стал матч против Англии на домашнем чемпионате Великобритании, проигранный со счётом 0:4. Единственная победа под руководством Уокера пришлась на последнюю подготовительную игру к чемпионату мира 1958 года против Венгрии (2:1). Футболист сборной Шотландии Эдди Тернбулл, вызванный на турнир, отзывался о тренере следующим образом: «Доусон Уокер был тренером в "Клайде", он больше занимался травмами, знаете ли. Он никогда не играл в эту игру, тем более как профессионал.
Возможно, мы были там единственной страной без тренера, единственной страной, в которой не было такого номинального руководителя». Доусон также руководил сборной во время чемпионата мира, однако команда заняла последнее место в группе после двух поражений в матчах против Парагвая (2:3) и Франции (1:2) и ничьей против Югославии (1:1). По словам Гэри Имлаха в биографии  «My Father and Other Working Class Football Heroes» Уокер в первую очередь занимался физической подготовкой команды, в то время как ответственность за тактику брали на себя старшие игроки. После того, как Басби восстановился от травм, он покинул пост главного тренера. 22 октября 1960 года возглавлял сборную в матче домашнего чемпионата Великобритании против Уэльса (0:2) в связи с тем, что главный тренер сборной Энди Битти не поехал на матч и остался с клубом «Ноттингем Форест».

Тренерская статистика

Примечания

Футбольные тренеры Шотландии
Тренеры сборной Шотландии по футболу

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Outreach Expedition - 10 Jul 19
Outreach Expedition - 3 Jul 19
Outreach Expedition - 27 Jun 19
NADA Gold - 7 Jun 19
Haval GWM/Harvest Day - 6 Jun 19
Legend Runner - 23 May 19
Nampo Preview - 16 May 19
GWM Belt and Road Participation - 3 May 19
Owners Weekend - 19 Mar 19
GWM Increases Support to Buyers - 5 Mar 19
Sales Exceeded 5 Million - 17 Jan 19
Haval South Africa
Giving back feels good
"Be the change that you wish to see in the world." Mahatma Gandhi. These words rang true when Haval Motor Southern Africa commenced their second leg of the 2019 Haval Outreach expedition. The first week was about the cars and the scenery that is the Panorama Route in Mpumalanga but the second leg will forever be remembered as the time Haval Motors SA sought to be the change they wanted to see in the world.
The team of Haval staffers and their trusted fleet of Haval SUVs and the GWM Steed 5E Double Cab met the group of Lifestyle Magazine scribes and social media influencers for the second leg at the Kruger Mpumalanga International Airport for what promised to be a week filled with sights, sounds and great memories in the making. After a stop in Hazyview to refresh and replenish, the convoy headed towards the other end of the Blyde River Canyon for their stop over at the Swadini Resort. The evening was the opportunity for Rhino conservationists to brief the group on what was going to happen the following day. Haval Motors SA made a contribution in the form of monetary support to Rhino conservation in the Klaserie Game Reserve. These funds went directly towards assistance in the dehorning program that is currently ongoing in the area in and around South Africa's primary game reserve, The Kruger National Park.
The current rhino poaching crisis began in 2008, with increasing numbers of rhino killed for their horn throughout Africa until 2015. For the past couple of years, the total number of rhinos poached has thankfully decreased, yet there is still a lot to do to ensure all rhinos thrive. South Africa holds nearly 80% of the world's rhinos and has been the country hit hardest by poaching criminals, with more than 1,000 rhinos killed each year between 2013 and 2017. For this reason, Haval Motors made the contribution to help assist in the process of conserving this amazing species in the area. Rhino dehorning is not a pleasant thing to witness. Just the mention of it evokes a sense of brutality. It is a sad reality that in order to help save rhino species from the threat of poaching, the pre-emptive removal of their horns in a safe, controlled manner has become one of the necessary and highly effective management tools for conservationists to deter poachers.
It is important to note that the rhino horn is essentially an overgrown fingernail – made mostly of a tightly-packed protein called keratin. Even though rhino dehorning requires a chainsaw and even an angle grinder, the process is carried out by an experienced veterinarian and is a painless experience for the animal under sedation.
So with all this information in mind and with a tentative level of excitement and a large measure of seriousness the group made its way to Klaserie Game Reserve to meet the skilled crew that had gathered for the dehorning mission. Upon arrival the Haval Outreach Expedition members were met by a team some 20 people strong with various vehicles including a grounded helicopter at the entrance to the reserve. After being welcomed by a member of the National Parks Board, the team was briefed by the lead veterinarian who would be responsible for the animal during its procedure. We were told that a spotter plane had localized a group of Rhino that had three dehorned and two with their horns intact and these would be the animals today's activity would help. The wildlife vet, a "veteran" of successful rhino dehornings, delivered an important safety briefing to all those present and who would be involved in the rhino dehorning operation. In these operations the vet always calls the shots for the safety of both the rhino and the people working with it. All involved are warned not to get anywhere near the dart's entry point, as contact with the drug can have serious effects on a human. The vet does carry an emergency antidote at all times in case of accidental human contact.
When everyone was briefed, the game viewer vehicles were embarked while the helicopter, now in the air, circled above an area visible from our starting point. We set off towards the area with careful haste in cold 3 degree weather. With continuous radio contact, the helicopter radioed that the animal had been successfully darted and the team made the approach. Every precaution is taken to ensure that rhino dehorning is as stress-free for the animal as possible. This begins with sedation by a dart administered from the helicopter, containing a powerful opioid drug. Once the animal is under sedation, the sedative is partially reversed. This is so that the animal can continue to breathe unassisted. Its eyes are covered with a large blindfold; its ears are plugged to drown out sound. The immobilisation drugs have no lasting effects on the animals. Upon arrival at the majestic beast perched peacefully as if asleep, a silence befell the group as the work began. As if trained in mercenary like fashion, the team went about their business with members of the expedition fulfilling key roles under the watchful eye of the three veterinarians present. Once the operation was completed, the ground crew moved off to a safe distance and the veterinarian administered the antidote to wake the animal. The veterinarian positioned himself strategically to observe the animal coming around and ensured that the individual made a full recovery before leaving it. The adult male Rhino got up, looked around and proceeded to gallop off into the African savannah as if he had had his nails clipped. It was a moving experience and all present were in awe. "We saved that creatures life!" said one of the influencers with a lump in his throat.
The day ended with a trip through Bushbuck Ridge back towards Hazyview to the next stop over for the evening at the Protea Hotel Hazyview. That night's dinner table was a rumble of reminiscing and talks about the once in a lifetime experience everyone present had witnessed with thoughts and sentiments resounding with the good deed completed that day.
After a good night's rest, it was off to Graskop Gorge for excitement in the form of the Gorge Swing or Zip lining as well as a lift trip to the bottom of the Gorge for a hike in the rainforest. The Lifestyle press and influencers got the opportunity to drive the vehicles during the trip to Graskop and from Graskop towards the tourist attractions like God's Window, Berlin falls and the back to Hazyview.
On the final day the group travelled towards White River just outside Nelspruit for the next stop at the White River Child Welfare Camp site. A camp site set up for foster children and their foster parents. Upon arrival the Havals were met by the melodic sounds of children singing a song of welcome to the group of weary travellers. Child Welfare SA White River is situated in the scenic Lowveld of Mpumalanga. The town of White River is surrounded by mountains, forests, waterfalls and other beautiful attractions which nature has to offer. Despite the beauty and serenity of this tourist hub, White River is not excluded from the social ills which plague communities all over our country. Social problems include the HIV/AIDS pandemic, child abuse, exploitation and neglect, unemployment, poverty, domestic violence, child trafficking and children made orphaned and vulnerable by HIV and AIDS and other diseases. In response to the above-mentioned social problems, Child Welfare SA White River was established in 1991 as an affiliated member organisation of Child Welfare South Africa. Child Welfare South Africa is an umbrella body with 263 affiliates, outreach projects and developing organisations across the country. Established in 1924, Child Welfare SA is the oldest and largest non-governmental child protection organisation in South Africa. What with the fact that Child Welfare is in such dire need of funding, a small handover ceremony was held where Haval Motors South Africa handed over a donation cheque. Greeted with smiles and waves and more singing, the convoy set off to Kruger Mpumalanga International to drop off guests followed by the last leg, the trip back to the head office in Johannesburg.
Simone Nortmann Pretorius Actor/Influencer had this to say after the event: "Adventuring with Haval SA on their Outreach Expedition might have been the most enriching experience I've had this year. I get excited when big global companies invest their time, resources and energy in making the world a better place, and Haval exceeded my expectations in every way - from the courteous team behind the organization, the intentional and thoughtful activities, as well as the impressive and smooth ride of the H6C - I feel incredibly honoured for the opportunity to have accompanied and witnessed the work Haval SA does behind the scenes, and I'm excited to see them making big waves in the South African motor industry."
Louw Lemmer Photographer/Influencer left the experience with this sentiment; "Your life can be changed at any given moment. But if there's one thing that's certain, it's that you cannot predict when it will happen. This is exactly how I felt about the Haval Outreach Expedition. Pure, life-changing enthrallment on a scale I could only dream of."
Mbali Mkhize Public Figure/Influencer made this statement on her platform; "Day 2: Today was one of the most fulfilling days of my life, I was filled with so much emotion and pride because I was a part of saving a Rhino's life.
It's no secret that poaching is a serious problem all over the world, increasingly in South Africa; rhinos are an endangered species because of Poachers who will do anything for their Horns! Poachers are ruthless and have no mercy when hunting down rhinos for their Horns, leaving a lot of rhinos to die.
In order to conserve and protect these precious animals, extreme measures have to be taken, increased security, sniffer dogs, armed security guards 24/7 and to remove the horns off the Rhinos (Term: dehorning) by Vets and trained professionals safely, just like a finger nail the rhino horn grows back fully and done by doctors and trained professionals, it's painless and it doesn't affect the Rhino's health in anyway.
I was a bit hesitant to post because I wanted to really share the true essence of today with you guys and most importantly bring awareness to Rhino Conservation, I wasn't sure how I would do that but I knew I had to speak from the heart. I'm very emotional as I type this because It's so sad that our Animals can't even roam freely without being in danger in their own natural habitants with that being said, I would like to thank @havalsouthafrica for taking me on such an emotional journey and donating not only money but resources to this wonderful cause, the Specially trained Vets and every single person who took part in saving a rhinos life today and every day."
Haval Motor South Africa has shown a huge growth spurt since their entry into the South African motor Industry landscape going from three dealers in 2017 to an astronomical 53 in just two years of operation without losing their levels of service due to the awards recently obtained from NADA. Great Wall Motor Corporation the holding company of Haval SA launched a global strategy earlier in 2019 to endeavour to make Haval a global brand, naming the strategy "one Haval one world". In doing so the market leader in the Chinese Automobile market has set a keen emphasis on the South African market, their biggest sales arena outside of China. This shows their commitment to Chinese South Africa business relations in creating jobs through not only the subsidiary but also the many dealerships that are now open as well as foreign investment into South Africa. Philanthropy exercises like the Outreach Expedition are near and dear to Haval Motors South Africa and have been and will be in the future, an annual exercise to assist in social upliftment in terms of causes that are in dire need of corporate intervention through donations and support. The 2019 Haval Outreach Expedition came and went however the lasting impressions left were that of gratitude, humility and the fact that doing good for others feels so good and Haval Motors SA is proud to commit to continue to be the change they want to see in the world.
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Welcome to issue number 10 of the Calix Newsletter.
Our first as a producer & seller of product from our unique technology!
Following the very first powders produced from our calciner in late May, Calix has now successfully run eight different products and grades to specification. The calciner itself has been run through its paces to enable us to confirm operational performance.
The technology has performed to design and Calix now considers it "de-risked". With our first product sales starting to occur, our sights are now set on commercialising the considerable potential of our technical success. In this newsletter, we will touch on the commissioning and production milestones achieved at our Myrtle Springs mine and at Bacchus Marsh – all on time, on budget and with a continuing impeccable safety record. We will also cover our first initial commercial successes in raw materials sales, waste water treatment, soil stabilisation and building products. Also, the enormous potential of our Endex technology in the field of CO2 mitigation continues to grow, with the award of a ~AUS$ 1 m EU ASCENT grant to develop next-generation CO2 sorbents. And last but not least, we will introduce another key Calix team member, who has lead our great successes in R & D and product development over the last 15 months. I hope this Newsletter gives you a flavour of Calix's considerable achievements over the last three months, and we welcome any questions or feed-back.
FIRST MINING CAMPAIGN AT MYRTLE SPRINGS A SUCCESS.
Between June and August, Calix commenced operation at its Myrtle Springs mine. Operations first involved a comprehensive road upgrade, followed by an initial campaign where an exposed magnesite seam was ripped and crushed.
Calix, and its on-site mining contractor A & M.J.Musolino Pty. Ltd. are pleased to report that the campaign was completed according to plan, with no safety incidents. A second campaign is now in the planning and approvals phase, and is targeted for Q2, 2014.
BACCHUS MARSH IS NOW IN PRODUCTION.
The successful commissioning of the large scale CFC15k Calciner and associated materials handling systems was managed through a carefully planned commissioning punchlisting process, safeguarding Calix's well-earned reputation as a quality and safety focussed operation. Having now successfully produced various "on-spec" products for sales, product development and customer trials, the operations and maintenance team has now shifted into a production mindset.
"Operational Excellence" will be achieved from rolling the knowledge gained during commissioning into product quality control, energy efficiency optimisation and safe operating practices. This shift towards a production-focussed environment has demonstrated the ability of the Calix CFC reactor to consistently produce a range of high quality products at a stable and sustained throughput.
• Partially-calcined lime as a trial run for lime processing technical development.
Design improvements identified throughout the construction and commissioning process have been identified, captured and integrated into our engineering systems for future designs through via formal review held in mid-August with the Pymble-based Engineering team.
Moving forward there are prospects for further energy optimisation, carbon dioxide capture and product development with our exciting range of high quality products in conjunction with our customers and partners.
CALIX SELLS MAGNESITE FROM MYRTLE SPRINGS.
Calix's first sale of magnesite from its Myrtle Springs mine took place in August, following a successful mining campaign. About 500 tonnes of product was successfully shipped to Sibelco in South Australia.
The remainder of the magnesite from the first mining campaign will be progressively brought to Bacchus Marsh for calcination into our MgO-based products.
CALIX WASTE WATER TREAMENT SLURRIES HITTING THE MARKET.
Calix is pleased to announce the successful delivery of a 4 tonne trial of ACTI-Mag™, which is a concentrated stabilized suspension of 40% magnesium hydroxide. ACTIMag™ is hydrated from Calix reactive magnesium oxide imparting excellent neutralisation speed due to the high surface area. The customer has now proceeded to place an order for further trials of ACTI-Mag™.
The customer is very happy with the stability and flow ability of the ACTI-Mag™ and has found the concentration to be a big benefit in the application of the magnesium hydroxide into his system. The Mg(OH)2 slurry is used to control odours and prevent corrosion in a sewage system by stopping the production of Hydrogen sulphide and sulphuric acid.
The customer was pleased with the ACTI-Mag's ability to raise the pH in an easily controlled manner to a maximum of 9, unlike the other experience with alkali additives. The ACTI-Mag™ is OHS friendly and environmentally friendly. Calix ACTI-Mag™ Slurries provide more alkalinity than equivalent lime, and caustic soda. It also offers some major advantages over them in OHS, buffering pH, and environmental performance.
ACTI-Mag™ has applications in the neutralisation market, heavy metal capture in water treatment plants, flue gas treatment (sulphur dioxide, chloride removal), food applications and chemical processing.
Currently, Calix is the only producer of Metakaolin in Australia, and one of only a handful internationally. Metakaolin is extensively used overseas as the "pozzalanic" (active cement additive / improver) of choice, but because of logistical and supply cost issues, it is not yet widely used in the Australian Industry.
Calix and its distribution partner, international chemical company Lanxess, hope to change this in the near future, contributing to the development and productivity of the Building and Construction Industry.
Calix produces two grades of Metakaolin: ACTI-Mk™95 & ACTI-Mk™70. Both are produced by flash calcination in our CFC15000 reactor at Bacchus Marsh, 40 kilometres northwest of Melbourne in Victoria.
They are produced from different kaolinic feed clays and have specific market targets, enhancing the strength and durability of building materials and making them more resistant to chemical attack. Instead of directly heating minerals in the traditional way, we heat them indirectly and thus do not introduce impurities into the process, and can carefully control the calcination conditions.
• No significant colour change.
"Our proprietary Catalytic Flash Calcination (CFC) process enables us to produce a high active Metakaolin from local feed clays. The use of Metakaolin as a partial substitute for Portland Cement can enhance properties and reduce the carbon footprint on construction projects" says John Knights, Business Development Manager - Calix Limited.
With the successful commissioning of the CFC15000 calciner and the production of on-spec magnesium oxide (MgO) powders, Calix is moving quickly to establish high-value downstream products. One area of enormous potential is the MgO-based building board market.
Currently, MgO boards are imported from China. While these imported boards require lower energy to produce than cement–based materials, they require setting compounds for efficient mass production such as Magnesium Chloride, which generate additional structural and environmental concerns.
Calix's unique, highly active NOVA-MagTM slurries do not require the use of Magnesium Chloride. Calix's MgO boards formulations are a world first in this regard. In early September, Calix successfully commissioned its board-making facility at Bacchus Marsh and has began producing panels for product development testing with potential business partners.
CALIX AWARDED EU ASCENT GRANT TO COMPLIMENT ITS ENDEX CO2 CAPTURE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT.
Calix has been awarded a €750 k grant over the next four years as part of a collaborative grant with 13 universities and companies, as well as the Australian CO2CRC, to study new CO2 sorbents for application in its Endex CO2 capture technology.
The grant comes on top of the UK Government's DECC award of £5.8 m to develop the Endex technology as a demonstration project, which is progressing through Front-End Engineering Design. The grants reflect the growing interest in Calix's Endex technology as potentially the most energy-efficient process to de-carbonise fuels available that is industry ready.
Other highpotential applications of the technology in capturing CO2 and sulphides from natural gas, and in the production of urea, continue to be explored.
Khokan joined Calix in May 2012 as R & D Manager to lead the test work on Calix's pilot and commercial calcination plants, develop recipes for MgO-based boards/panels, fertilisers and slurries, and lead the test work on numerous other product developments. Khokan graduated in Chemical Engineering from Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET) in 1998 and migrated to Australia in 2001. In 2003, he completed a post graduate diploma in IT (software development) from RMIT University to focus on numerical simulation, and then continued to work with RMIT to develop a rheological model of blown film extrusion of low density Polyethylene. During this time, he published two peer reviewed international journals and became a member of the Australian Society of Rheology. In 2008, Khokan joined the R&D division at Plantic Technologies Ltd as a Process and Development Engineer to develop starch-based bio-polymers for food packaging applications. He was promoted to Research Scientist and Pilot Plant Manager in 2011, and he and his team developed several resin recipes for blown film and injection moulding processing. In 2010, he completed a Cert-IV in Front Line Management from the Kangan Institute, Melbourne, and in 2013, he received a diploma in Project Management from the Australian Institute of Management, Melbourne. In just over one (very busy !) year with Calix, Khokan and his team have tested over 800 formulations for building materials and identified multiple recipes to manufacture MgO boards/panels and cements, including hydromagnesite slurries based upon Calix's Novacem technology. Currently, he has been engaged in Mg(OH)2 slurry development for wastewater treatment, development of phosphate fertilisers through calcination processing and development of Metakaolin to replace silica fume in the cement industry. At home, he enjoys time with his wife Bithi, three-year old son Ronodeep and his parents. Outside of work, he loves gardening, watching cricket/music videos/documentary movies on TV and reading journals/books. He plays tennis, soccer and badminton and is a great supporter of the Australian Cricket team.


Caracal facts reference: Wild Cats of the World by Luke Hunter (2015) based on the latest scientific research.
Caracal cats reproduce throughout the year with some seasonality in regions with distinct seasons.
Oestrus can last up to a week and gestation (pregnancy) is two to three months.
There are two to three Caracal kittens in a litter and they will stay with the mother until nine to ten months old.
Both male and female Caracal sub-adults will become sexually mature from a year old and can breed for most of their adult life.
Mortality in the wild is usually due to the killing of adult Caracals by larger carnivores, or of kittens by the smaller carnivores and other predators. On farmlands in southern Africa, Caracals are hunted by landowners as they are perceived to be the cause of livestock losses.
The average lifespan in the wild is estimated at twelve years and Caracals in captivity have been reported living up to nineteen years.
Caracal Physical Characteristics: SIZE The Caracal is the largest of Africa's smaller cats, weighing between 11 and 20 kgs, and is classed as a 'medium-sized' cat. Males are about 25% larger than the females.


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Bushfire Victims Set Up Go Fund Me Page To Send ScoMo Back To Hawaii
Victims of Australia's horrific bushfires have banded together to set up a Go Fund Me page in order to raise funds to send Prime Minister Scott Morrison back to Hawaii for an indefinite holiday. "He's really no use to us… Read More ›
Pell Snares Role Of 'Wise Man' In Prison Christmas Play
Imprisoned religious figure, Cardinal George Pell, has secured the role as one of the Wise Men in his prison's upcoming Christmas eve play. The disgraced figurehead has been trying to get into character the past week, but is struggling to… Read More ›
Awkward Moment As Former PM Tony Abbott Turns Up To ScoMo's End Of Year Drinks Uninvited
The gossip around Canberra this morning is how former Prime Minister Tony Abbott made an uninvited appearance at current Prime Minister Scott Morrison's end of year drinks celebration for members of the current Government. "It was very awkward having Tony… Read More ›
Abbott Hopes That George Pell Will One Day Be Free To Touch Others
Former Minister for Women Tony Abbott has spoken of his wish that incarcerated Cardinal George Pell will soon be free to enter the world and touch others as he has done so in the past. "I don't wish to say… Read More ›
Abbott Asks Wife To Bake Him A Cake Big Enough To Hide A Hacksaw
Former Minister for Women Tony Abbott has told friends of how he asked his wife Margie to bake him a cake big enough to conceal a hacksaw so that he could surprise his dear friend and confidant George Pell with… Read More ›
1 2 3 … 48 Older ›


The Roxy furniture range is a stylish range in a modern timber effect finish and features long arched handles and silver effect metal feet giving it a contemorary feel. The Roxy Desk offers a good option as a desk or dressing table. This item is delivered fully assembled.


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Seniors take state-mandated SAT
Danielle Broege, Sports Editor|October 9, 2020
Seniors came to school on Wednesday, Sept. 22, 2020, to take the SAT that was canceled last April. (Photos by Wes Clevenger and Marcia Meyer)
The seniors made up last year's state-mandated SAT testing on Wednesday, September 23.
Students had to wear masks and socially distance themselves during SAT testing. When students arrived at the school, they were escorted to their assigned testing rooms and only allowed to leave with an escort as well. There were only about 4-6 students in each room, and they had to keep the six feet social distance rule.
"You couldn't really do anything. Like if you were drinking a water, you had to go outside (the classroom) to drink the water," said senior Daphelie Vernal. "You had to wear a mask, and when you're entering the building you're not just entering. We went by groups. You went with the class you were in," Vernal said.
Many proctors had to prepare for this year's testing. A proctor is a person or teacher who monitors students during a test or exam. They had a zoom meeting before the test to go over testing. Proctors also received an email with the manual in it, which they would read to the seniors. COVID-19 concerns were a very real thing for some of the students and proctors.
"I was pretty concerned with corona. The administration made it pretty clear that this was an important thing to do and that the seniors needed to have taken the SAT to graduate, so I knew that it was something that was important. There was definitely a concern about being like alright; this is the first time being in a building with students," said teacher and proctor Noah Scibbe.
Keeping a social distance at all times was something that had to be worked around to be able to complete testing.
"I would say the hardest part was staying a social distance and staying socially distanced away from students. There were certain parts of the test where I had to make sure that students filled in certain codes and when I would collect materials. I knew that I had to be within that six feet socially distancing rule. I was wearing my mask and they were wearing their mask, but that was probably the most difficult thing was to not get close to people," said Meg Lopez, a Spanish teacher and proctor.
Seniors were excited to be able to return to school even if it was for a test. Students and teachers both thought that the test went well and were excited to be able to see everyone again.
Band, choir learn new ways to play music on Zoom
The music program has found that Zoom and the coronavirus have made performing and working on music to be very hard. Teachers Paul Nielsen ...
District moves to a block schedule for the 2021-2022 school year
Student Council hosts annual holiday drive
Both students and teachers prepare for AP exams
Public Service Practicum class shows gratitude to veterans during COVID-19 pandemic
Public service class at North starts campaign to support local businesses


Kala Darpan presents Hindustani Vocalist Shri.Omkar Dadarkar in Austin!
We are proud to announce the very first event of 2019 with the Spring concert by Sri Omkar Dadarkar. Shri. Dadarkar will be accompanied by Shri. Sanjay Deshpande on Tabla and Shri. Milind Kulkarni on Harmonium.
Shri. Omkar Dadarkar is one of the finest renowned vocalists of the current generation. Born in 1977, he was initiated into music by his parents Shri. Shrikant Dadarkar and Smt. Shubhada Dadarkar. Later he took Taleem from Shri Ram Deshpande and Pt. Yashwantbua Joshi of Gwalior gharana. He was selected as a scholar at SRA Kolkata and received advanced training from the renowned vocalist Pt. Ulhas Kashalkar. He also had the privilege of learning from the renowned vocalist Smt. Manik Verma.
He is the recipient of the prestigious Ustd. Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar from Sangeet Natak Academy, Vidyasagar award from the music forum and many more. He has performed all over the country in all prestigious music conferences.
When globalization is firmly gripping the world making most of the modern society involved in material gold-rush, very few people maintain their originality and tradition. Omkar Dadarkar is one of them.
For all music lovers this is a treat to ears and soul! It is definitely a unique event not to be missed!


This collection of essays by renowned scholar Amitai Etzioni aims to provoke reconsiderations of basic assumptions of foreign policy by students, academics and practitioners. With chapters focusing on the Middle East, China and the EU, as well as articles with a more global focus, the book offers thought-provoking and insightful perspectives on international foreign policy which challenge existing academic debate in the field. It will be of great interest to students, scholars and practitioners of foreign policy and international relations.
Professionals in all areas of librarianship will find inspiration in the essays collected here—each of them innovative tips for increasing circulation, enhancing collections, and improving flexibility. With extensive experience in the nation's top libraries and media centers, the 73 contributors describe what really works based on their real-world experiences. Organized by subject, the essays offer succinct and practical guidelines for dozens of tasks. Topics include preparing and delivering distinctive presentations; forming a successful grant proposal; hosting a traveling multimedia exhibition; organizing effective community partnerships; writing blogs; hosting authors; creating cybertorials; preserving local culture—and many others.
This book unlocks many of the mysteries held throughout ancient times by introducing the reader to concepts and beliefs predating organized religion. Universal Truth is an expose of hidden knowledge and truths practiced by adepts and spiritual masters since the beginning of time as we know it. In this book, Dr. Rogers researches countless subjects dealing with metaphysical teachings to help readers gain a better understanding of the world in which live and the laws that govern it. Universal Truth is the key to the kingdom for anyone who's not afraid to venture beyond the known into a world of secrecy and mystery that lay hidden from the common person. But, be for-warned, this is not a book for the religious at heart nor the conditioned thinker but rather this is a book for the open-minded and the brave spirited. You wont believe what's been hidden from you by the Church, the world governments and the powers that be. This is truly a masterpiece and a cornucopia of light for the ardent seeker of wisdom.
Expand your teen collection beyond traditional print into exciting alternatives that will appeal to teens. Top YA librarians share their expertise on how to defy limits and create the kind of collection that appeals to the diverse range of today's teens. You'll find valuable guidelines and tips on how to broaden and enliven your collection with graphic novels, magazines (and zines), audiobooks, video, music, interactive software and games, and more; you'll also learn how to harness the power of the Internet, establish a virtual collection, and discover options for shelving and displaying these alternative media.
Thinking Outside the Box brings together some of the best and most challenging scholarship about TV genres, exploring their genesis, their functions and development, and the interaction of disparate genres. The authors argue that genre is a process rather than a static category and that it signifies much about the people who produce and watch the shows. In addition to considering traditional genres such as sitcoms, soap operas, and talk shows, the contributors explore new hybrids, including reality programs, teen-oriented science fiction, and quality dramas, and examine how many of these shows have taken on a global reach. Identifying historical continuities and envisioning possible trends, this is the richest and most current study of how television genres form, operate, and change.
Baseball and Philosophy brings together two high-powered pastimes: the sport of baseball and the academic discipline of philosophy. Eric Bronson asked eighteen young professors to provide their profound analysis of some aspect of baseball. The result offers surprisingly deep insights into this most American of games. The contributors include many of the leading voices in the burgeoning new field of philosophy of sport, plus a few other talented philosophers with a personal interest in baseball. A few of the contributors are also drawn from academic areas outside philosophy: statistics, law, and history. This volume gives the thoughtful baseball fan substancial material to think more deeply about. What moral issues are raised by the Intentional Walk? Do teams sometimes benefit from the self-interested behavior of their individual members? How can Zen be applied to hitting? Is it ethical to employ deception in sports? Can a game be defined by its written rules or are there also other constraints? What can the U.S. Supreme Court learn from umpiring? Why should baseball be the only industry exempt from antitrust laws? What part does luck play in any game of skill?
Too often schools or districts purchase digital courseware for a singular purpose, typically as a credit recovery solution. One box, one solution. However, digital courseware can solve several problems and create numerous opportunities. Having access to digital content creates scenarios that you may have not even considered. Thinking outside the box allows us to see beyond the most obvious. Thinking outside the box opens doors to new prospects. Thinking outside the box forces us to be innovative. This book will challenge you to think outside the box. Think Outside the Box was born out of love and passion for ensuring that teachers and schools have the tools, like the CIA of blended learning, the proper mindset, and well-crafted deployment designs to create high quality digital learning environments.
Whether it's just for yourself, or for the whole family, preparing a meal for lunch could sometimes becoming challenging. That's why most people, if not all, don't even bother and just buy cafeteria foods instead. However, isn't it better to have something home-made? The fact that you made it yourself will guarantee that it is healthier. Aside from that, it is also cheaper and would definitely taste better. So with the help of this cookbook, say goodbye to cafeteria foods and say hello to a healthier lunch meal. With over 30 recipes to choose from, thinking outside the lunchbox is sure to make your life easier.
In the first book of the Global Healing trilogy, Vipin Mehta demonstrates the significance of Metaphysical knowledge and how different mindsets impact individuals, societies, nations and ultimately the state of the world. Vipin Mehta then shows us how to apply metaphysics to change negative constrictive mindsets to positive constructive mindsets by unlocking the inner workings of how the mind really works - essentially demonstrating that our physical outer world is ultimately a reflection of our inner world.
Contemporary quilts the easy way - no rules, just fun! Start with traditional blocks as Sandi Cummings shares easy steps to designing and creating your own artistic quilts. Next, move up to deceptively simple "transition" units that offer a bridge into the world of contemporary quiltmaking. Spontaneity and experimentation are key, so get ready to loosen up and have fun as you learn! 6 different blocks teach Sandi's concepts - one step at a time. Easy processes include inserting strips into blocks, constructing free-form units, cutting double, and creating checkerboards. Learn to experiment with design and develop one-of-a-kind quilts.
After completing highly successful careers in naval intelligence, public affairs, and combat aircraft development, author Ned Conger has produced solutions to fifty-eight problems and situations, most of them applicable to every nation worldwide, but some designed for specific areas in the United States. In Thinking Outside the Oven, he shares his thoughts on an array of subjects, the most important of which is a plan for countering global warming, a program that can be implemented immediately. In addition, he offers a series of essays that look at a wide range of topicsfrom improving the marking of streets and highways, to countering avian flu, to revitalizing Americas cities by elevating park areas, and to improving fuel mileage in eighteen-wheelers. Presenting solutions to some common and heavyweight problems that plague the world right now, Thinking Outside the Oven is intended as a stimulus for much-needed action. Conger encourages the public to get involved and act.
Thomas Courchene is the author or editor of numerous books and has published hundreds of academic papers on a wide range of Canadian public policy issues. Thinking Outside the Box honours his outstanding contributions to Canadian public policy thinking and practice. Research papers included in the volume span several of the key areas in which Courchene has made significant contributions, including federalism, macro‐economic policy, the unique constitutional challenges that pose difficulties for policy in Canada, and economic well‐being. An introduction by Gilles Paquet reflects on Courchene's unique contribution to Canadian public policy. Courchene also provides an introductory essay, reflecting on his policy thinking over the course of his career. Contributors include: on federalism and economic policy, Robin Boadway, Serge Coulombe, Jean‐François Tremblay, Katherine Fierlbeck, Bryne Purchase, Michael J. Prince, Donald J. Savoie, and Lisa M. Powell; on economic policy, Pierre Fortin, Peter Howitt, Alex Ripley and Stephen Clarkson; on Canada's constitutional challenges, David Cameron and Kathy L. Brock; and on economic inequality, Miles Corak, Brian Murphy and Michael Veall, and Michael G. Abbott and Charles M. Beach.
Do you want to cultivate independent learners through an integrated curriculum? Schramm uncovers the theories behind the design of an integrated curriculum and provides a practical framework for implementation. After discussing the necessity of staff development strategies, appropriate text sources, alternative assessment strategies, leadership, and organizational strategies, she provides classroom-tested sample curriculums and discusses various successful teaching strategies.
So He destroyed all living things which were on the face of the ground: both man and cattle, creeping thing and bird of the air. They were destroyed from the earth. Only Noah and those who were with him in the ark remained alive. Genesis 7:22-24 Could a ship be constructed that would be able to survive the global flood described in biblical book of Genesis? Could it be built without the modern techniques of today being available to Noah? This groundbreaking book answers both of these questions with a resounding "yes"! Join naval expert and mechanical engineer Tim Lovett in "thinking outside the box" as you consider groundbreaking research in this innovative new study on Noah's ark. Lovett builds on traditional research into this historic event using the latest techniques in computer modeling and testing. Includes insight and context by pioneering creationist researcher, Dr. John Whitcomb. Unveils a new ark design based on biblical information and shipbuilding principles Beautiful illustrations and photos reveal facets of design and construction techniques Remaining faithful to the biblical dimensions, Lovett's updated design, similar to that of ancient sailing vessels, is based on established principles in ship design and cutting-edge research. He reveals a feasible ark design, explores the impact of flood waters on the vessel, and provides remarkable insight and analysis into the skills and techniques needed to construct it.


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Eosinophil differentiation factor legal definition of Eosinophil differentiation factor
https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Eosinophil+differentiation+factor
(redirected from Eosinophil differentiation factor)
An event, circumstance, influence, or element that plays a part in bringing about a result.
A factor in a case contributes to its causation or outcome. In the area of Negligence law, the factors, or chain of causation, are important in determining whether liability ensues from a particular action done by the defendant.
n. 1) a salesman who sells in his/her own name on behalf of others, taking a commission for services. 2) something that contributes to the result.
Copyright © 1981-2005 by Gerald N. Hill and Kathleen T. Hill. All Right reserved.
1 a mercantile agent. An agent who is in the ordinary course of business entrusted with goods or documents of title representing goods with a view to their sale. A factor has a lien over goods entrusted to him; this lien covers any claims he may have against his principal arising out of the agency. Most factors will be mercantile agents (and have the powers of such) for the purposes of the Factors Act 1889. Under this Act, in certain circumstances a factor may pass a good title to goods entrusted to him.
2 an institution to whom a company assigns its book debts (see FACTORING).
3 in Scotland a landlord or superior's agent.
Collins Dictionary of Law © W.J. Stewart, 2006
factor
"But for" Rule
Account of sales
Appendix to Appellants' Briefs
Assessed Valuation
Assigned Account
Brief for Appellants
Brief for Appellants in Nos. 1, 2 and 3 and for Respondents in No. 5
C0@mmisslons
Eosinophil differentiation factor
equity of redemption
eosinophil
eosinophil adenoma
Eosinophil cationic protein
eosinophil CC chemokine receptor 3
Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor
eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis
Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor of the Parasite
Eosinophil Chemotactic Inhibitory Factor
Eosinophil Chemotactic Protein
Eosinophil chemotactic protein 2
eosinophil colony-stimulating factor
Eosinophil Count
Eosinophil Cytotoxicity Enhancing Factor
Eosinophil eotaxin receptor
eosinophil g's
eosinophil granule
Eosinophil Granule mAb
eosinophil granule major basic protein
Eosinophil granulocyte
eosinophil leucocyte
Eosinophil major basic protein
Eosinophil peroxidase
Eosinophil Protein X
Eosinophil Survival Enhancing Activity
Eosinophil Viability-Enhancing Activity
Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin
eosinophile
Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome
Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome
eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, tryptophan-induced


Spectra: A spectrum taken by Liller July 5.099 UT shows the object to be a nova.
Observations Reported to the AAVSO: July 2.365 UT, <14.5V, ASAS-3 (reported by S. Otero, Buenos Aires, Argentina); 5.014, 7.6, R. Shida, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 5.08, 7.4 CCDV, B. Monard, Pretoria, South Africa; 5.08, 7.2 CCDRc, Monard; 5.085, 7.15 CCD, Liller; 5.1, 7.9 CCD, C. Jacques, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (IAU Circular 8559); 5.123, 7.37V, ASAS-3 (reported by Otero); 5.271, 8.0, M. Linnolt, Woodside, CA; 5.359, 8.0, J. Bedient, Hololulu, HI; 5.438, 8.1, A. Pearce, Nedlands, W. Australia; 5.74, 8.6 CCDV, Monard; 5.74, 8.1 CCDRc, Monard; 5.783, 8.5, T. Cooper, Bredell, South Africa.
a. Nothing was visible down to about magnitude 11.0 at the location of the nova on films taken by Liller on June 12; red photographs (85-mm camera lens + Technical Pan film + deep orange filter).
b. Photoelectric photometry by Kilmartin and Gilmore with the MJO 0.6-m f/16 reflector in marginal conditions (occasional fog and low cloud crossing): July 5.408 UT, 8.15V, U-B = -0.04, B-V = +0.48, V-R = +0.38, V-I = +0.75, air mass 1.167; 5.456, 8.17V, U-B = +0.03, B-V = +0.46, V-R = +0.33, V-I = +0.67, airmass 1.064 (comparison star Cousins' E749) (IAU Circular 8559).
c. For more information on N Sgr 05#2, please see IAU Circular 8559 (ed. Daniel W. E. Green).
Congratulations to Bill on his latest discovery!


After releasing a wildly successful EP, the Fairfield rapper looks to get more "Red Noses" shaking with his upcoming album.
Sage the Gemini's success can be chalked up to the combination of his deep voice and eccentric hyphy beats.
It's safe to say that Sage the Gemini (real name Dominic Wynn Woods) is one of the hottest rappers in the Bay Area right now. A couple weeks after he signed a major-label deal with Republic Records in August, the 21-year-old Fairfield resident dropped his first EP, Gas Pedal, which peaked at #29 on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. The EP's two lead tracks, the hyphy and swerve-inducing bangers "Red Nose" and "Gas Pedal," both made strong appearances on the Billboard Hot 100 at #54 and #29, respectively, and have garnered more than 35 million views on YouTube. On Spotify, the EP surpassed 10 million plays.
The success of Gas Pedal has transformed Sage's life. "I've expanded my fanbase, been to states I've never been to," he said. "I'm able to support my family. I've worked on my stage presence, my music has been getting better, and I'm working on an album, which will be better than the EP."
Sage's popularity can be chalked up to the combination of his deep, penetrating voice and his eccentric hyphy beats. But it's also largely the result of his social media presence. Search for #sagethegemini on Twitter's video app Vine and you'll find clips of frat boys and middle-school girls performing gleeful a capella renditions of "Red Nose." There are even more videos of fans twerking and yiking to his songs. Sage also actively maintains a relationship with his fans through Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter.
Even though he said it feels like "it's been a million years" since his EP dropped, Sage still hasn't gotten comfortable with his newly attained success. "I'm surprised to be even getting attention like this," he said. "I grew up with not a lot of attention and was a very underrated kid in school, and I didn't really get attention from girls. Nobody really paid attention to me for a while. It's an all-around blessing; I'm still new to this."
In fact, Sage is as much a talented producer as he is a rapper. In addition to producing, mixing, and mastering the Gas Pedal EP — tasks he's not willing to let anyone else handle anytime soon, he said — he has also produced numerous tracks for the HBK Gang, of which he's a member, and for R&B singer Omarion.
"I don't want to be the person that depends on someone else — if my engineer doesn't show up to the studio, then we don't have a song," Sage explained. "I do it for the independence and because I was forced to. I had to do that because nobody was messing with me back then. I had to build my own studio."
Sage the Gemini was born in San Francisco and lived in Hunters Point until the age of six, when his family moved to Fairfield to escape the neighborhood's crime problems. Sage said he would have ended up dead, killing people, in jail, or on drugs if his family had stayed in the city. He said a crackhead once pulled a gun on him when he was just six years old. "Fairfield was just an-all around better place," he said. "We didn't have to watch our backs all the time. Just to walk the streets and be able to breathe was a relief."
However, Sage is quick to point out that he was no angel, either: He described himself as a "little badass" and "stinky kid." He started recording at the age of eleven with his brother after he bought a microphone from Gordon's Music and Sound shop in Fairfield. The first track he ever recorded was called "Made In China." At fourteen he ramped up his hip-hop routine and dropped out of school to pursue music full-time. One of his first collaborations was with his cousin in a group called Tree Boys, a reference to a kick-it spot at Fairfield High School.
Sage was eighteen when he first started working on his Gas Pedal EP. That's when he met IamSu!, who had just released his hit single "Up," at a show at 330 Ritch. Sage said he was a bit starstruck by the six-foot-five rap sensation, but soon after that encounter, he became a member of IamSu!'s HBK Gang, which also includes rappers P-Lo and Jay Ant.
"He's someone who has a true understanding of what makes people react through music," IamSu! (aka Sudan Williams) wrote of Sage in an email.
"They're always teaching and looking out for me," Sage said about his crew. "They're hella smart. They always keeping me from drifting into a negative situation, which could be somebody that's trying to use you."
Besides working on his new album, which he said will be released early next year, and planning a corresponding tour, Sage said he doesn't have any major plans; he just prays that the future holds something good for his team. So far so good.


text:
ANARCHY NO GODS
NO MASTERS SLEEVELESS
NO GODS NO MASTERS
why do anarchists write in lower-case?
because they are anti-capitalists!!
Donald Trump saw a little old lady struggling with two heavy bags of shopping,
"You shouldn't be struggling with those two bags of shopping, let me help," he said.
So he halved her pension so she could only afford one in the future.
How do you save a drowning Nazi skinhead?
Take your foot off his head!
What's the difference
between a member of the EDL and a UKIP MP?
About £1,000,000 in the bank.
ANARCHY NO GODS NO MASTERS
No gods, no masters is an anarchist and labour slogan. Its
English origin comes from a pamphlet handed out by the
Industrial Workers of the World during the 1912 Lawrence
Textile Strike. The phrase is derived from the French slogan
" Ni dieu ni maître !" (literally 'Neither God nor master') coined
by the socialist Louis Auguste Blanqui in 1880, when he
published a journal by that name. The French phrase appears
twice in Friedrich Nietzsche's 1886 work Beyond Good and Evil . It appears first in
Section 22, in a critique of the notion that nature dictates a morality of equality before the
law. It appears again in section 202 where he identifies it with the anarchists and as
indicative of their "herd" mentality, which he is criticizing.
In 1914, Margaret Sanger launched The Woman Rebel, an eight-page
monthly newsletter which promoted contraception using the slogan "No Gods,
No Masters". Sanger insisted that every woman was the mistress of her own
"Women without superstition:
"No gods – No Masters!" by Annie Laurie Gaylor
is a collection of writings by women freethinkers during the 19th and 20th
century.
Today the slogan continues to find use in anarchist politics. An anthology of
anarchist writing was collected under the title " No Gods, No Masters:
Anthology of Anarchism "
The slogan has also found use in musical cultures, largely associated with the
punk movement. But it was used in the first place in the French chanson field,
by the anarchist poet and singer-songwriter Léo Ferré who released the song
Ni Dieu ni maître on an EP in 1965. This song, metaphorically depicting the
French death penalty procedure, ends with these verses:
"This slogan that
breaks all the rules / Made for the benefit of fools / Rejecting all authority /
Unless respecting liberty / This principle of human rights / I recommend it for
your fights / We shall proclaim it to the last / No God no master!".
The slogan was also chosen as a song title by the English crust punk/heavy metal band Amebix on their EP Who's the Enemy, Swedish death metal band Arch Enemy on their album Khaos Legions., and Chicago-based hardcore band Harm's Way , who released an EP entitled 'No Gods, No Masters' in 2010. "No Gods, No Masters" is one of four possible final quests in Fallout:
New Vegas . $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
No God, No Master is a 2012 American independent crime suspense thriller
directed, written, and produced by Terry Green . The film stars David
Strathairn, Ray Wise, Sam Witwer, Edoardo Ballerini and Alessandro Mario.
No God, No Master was filmed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The story includes
references to the 1914 Ludlow Massacre as well as depictions of the Sacco
and Vanzetti trial and the 1920 Wall Street bombing.
When a series of package bombs show up on the doorsteps of prominent
politicians and businessmen in the summer of 1919, U.S. Bureau of
Investigation Agent William Flynn ( David Strathairn ) is assigned the task of
finding those responsible. He becomes immersed in an investigation that
uncovers an anarchist plot to destroy democracy. Based on true events of
the 1920s, the film sets the stage for a timely drama with resoundingly
similar parallels to the contemporary war on terrorism and the role
government plays to defeat it. The disintegration of civil liberties during times
of social unrest is nothing new in America. I set out to make a film about the
Sacco and Vanzetti saga, the anarchist movement they belonged to, and the
cause they dedicated their lives to advancing. Like all stories that need to be understood at the mythic level, this is a part of a nation's history that should inform the present era and future of the country.
Post-World War I was a volatile period in America. The fear of Communism was sweeping the nation. The government began arresting anyone they suspected of being a radical and it didn't take much to get on their list. Immigrants who had worked and lived in the United States for decades were suddenly labeled undesirables and detained without due process for several weeks, even months. U.S. Attorney General Alexander Palmer's solution to the problem was the deportation of thousands of naturalized citizens, the vast majority of whom were of Italian and Russian descent.
Events eerily similar to those of the early 20th Century have recurred too many times in our country's history. We haven't learned how to stop the cycle. Until we do, we are all at risk when our leaders suppress the freedoms of ordinary people in the name of national security.
This film is a tribute to those who have stood tall for human rights in the face of adversity.
—Terry Green
"COMPELLING… NO GOD, NO MASTER RE-CREATES ITS PERIOD MILIEU WITH A VIVID REALISM… THE FILM RELATES ITS IMPORTANT AND SADLY TOO-LITTLE-KNOWN STORY WITH SKILL AND EFFICIENCY. THE FASCINATING SUBJECT MATTER GAINS RESONANCE WITH ITS MODERN-DAY PARALLELS TO THE WAR ON TERRORISM."
- THE HOLLYWOOD REPORTER
Among the historical figures that are depicted in the film are:
William J. Flynn
Mitchell Palmer
John D. Rockefeller
Carlo Tresca the anarchist leader who served on the Dewey
Commission to clear Leon Trotsky of the charges leveled by
Stalin Sacco and Vanzetti
Louise Berger an anarchist who plotted to kill Rockefeller
Luigi Galleani, one of Berger's co-conspirators
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Most anarchists, past and present, are atheists.
and Their slogan is: "No god, No master."
Crass were an English collective and punk rock band
formed in 1977 which promoted anarchism as a political
ideology, a way of life and a resistance movement. Crass
popularised the anarcho-punk movement of the punk
subculture, advocating direct action, animal rights and
environmentalism. The band used and advocated a DIY punk ethic approach to its sound collages, leaflets, albums and films.
Crass spray-painted stencilled graffiti messages in the London Underground system and on advertising billboards, coordinated squats and organised political action. The band expressed its ideals by dressing in black, military-surplus-style clothing and using a stage backdrop amalgamating icons of perceived authority such as the Christian cross, the swastika, the Union Jack and the Ouroboros .
The band was critical of punk subculture and youth culture in
general. Crass promoted an anarchism which became more
common in the punk-music scene. They are considered art
punk in their use of tape collages, graphics, spoken word
releases, poetry and improvisation.
The band was based around Dial House , an open-house
community near Epping, Essex, and formed when Dial House
founder Penny Rimbaud began jamming with Steve Ignorant
(who was staying in the house at the time). Ignorant was
inspired to form a band after seeing The Clash perform at
Colston Hall in Bristol, whilst Rimbaud, a veteran of avant
garde performance art groups such as EXIT and Ceres
Confusion, was working on his book Reality Asylum. They
produced "So What?" and "Do They Owe Us A Living?" as a
drum-and-vocal duo. They briefly called themselves Storm-
trooper before choosing Crass in reference to a line in the
David Bowie song "Ziggy Stardust" ("The kids was just crass"). Other friends and household members joined (including Gee Vaucher, Pete Wright, N. A. Palmer and Steve Herman), and Crass played their first live gig at a squatted street festival in Huntley Street, North London. They planned to play five songs, but a neighbour "pulled the plug" after three. Guitarist Steve Herman left the band soon afterwards, and was replaced by Phil Free. Joy De Vivre and Eve Libertine also joined around
this time. Other early Crass performances included a four-date tour of New York City, a festival gig in Covent Garden and regular appearances with the U.K. Subs at The White Lion, Putney and Action Space in central London. The latter performances were often poorly-attended:
"The audience consisted mostly of us when the Subs played and the Subs when we played".
CRASS SO WHAT?
Crass at the Cleatormoor Civic Hall,
UK, 3 may 1984.
Crass played two gigs at the Roxy Club in Covent Garden, London. According to Rimbaud, the band arrived drunk at the second show and were ejected from the stage; this inspired their song, "Banned from the Roxy", and Rimbaud's essay for Crass' self-published magazine International Anthem, "Crass at the Roxy". After the incident the band took themselves more seriously, avoiding alcohol and cannabis before shows and wearing black, military surplus-style clothing on and offstage.
They introduced their stage backdrop, a logo designed by
Rimbaud's friend Dave King. This gave the band a militaristic
image, which led to accusations of fascism. Crass countered
that their uniform appearance was intended to be a statement
against the " cult of personality ", so (in contrast to many rock
bands) no member would be identified as the "leader".
Conceived and intended as cover artwork for a self-published
pamphlet version of Rimbaud's Christ's Reality Asylum, the
Crass logo was an amalgam of several "icons of authority"
including the Christian cross, the swastika, the Union Jack and
a two-headed Ouroboros (symbolising the idea that power will
eventually destroy itself). Using such deliberately-mixed
messages was part of Crass' strategy of presenting themselves
as a "barrage of contradictions", challenging audiences to
(in Rimbaud's words) "make your own fucking minds up". This
included using loud, aggressive music to promote a pacifist
message, a reference to their Dadaist, performance-art
backgrounds and situationist ideas . The band eschewed
elaborate stage lighting during live sets, preferring to play under
40-watt household light bulbs; the technical difficulties of filming under such lighting conditions partly explains why there is little live footage of Crass. They pioneered multimedia presentation, using video technology (back-projected films and video collages by Mick Duffield and Gee Vaucher) to enhance their performances, and also distributed leaflets and handouts explaining anarchist ideas to their audiences. Crass' first release was The Feeding of the 5000 (an 18-track, 12" 45 rpm EP on the Small Wonder label) in 1978. Workers at the record-pressing plant refused to handle it due to the allegedly-blasphemous content of the song "Asylum", and the record was released without it. In its place were two minutes of silence, entitled "The Sound Of Free Speech". This incident prompted Crass to set up their own independent record label, Crass Records, to prevent Small Wonder from being placed in a compromising position and to retain editorial control over their material.
A re-recorded, extended version of "Asylum", renamed " Reality Asylum ", was shortly afterwards released on Crass Records as a 7" single and Crass were investigated by the police due to the song's lyrics. The band were interviewed at their Dial House home by Scotland Yard's vice squad, and threatened with prosecution; however, the case was dropped. "Reality Asylum" retailed at 45p (when most other singles cost about 90p), and was the first example of Crass' "pay no more than..." policy:
issuing records as inexpensively as possible. The band failed to factor value added tax into their expenses, causing them to lose money on every copy sold. A year later Crass Records released new pressings of "The Feeding of the 5000" (subtitled "The Second Sitting"), restoring the original version of "Asylum".
THE BEST CUT OF ALL
In 1983 and 1984, Crass were part of the Stop the City actions co- ordinated London Greenpeace which foreshadowed the anti- globalisation rallies of the early 21st century. Support for these activities was provided in the lyrics and sleeve notes of the band's last single, "You're Already Dead", expressing doubts about their commitment to non-violence. It was also a reflection of disagreements within the group, as explained by Rimbaud; "Half the band supported the pacifist line and half supported direct and if necessary violent action. It was a confusing time for us, and I think a lot of our records show that, inadvertently".
This led to introspection within the band, with some members becoming embittered and losing sight of their essentially-positive stance.
Reflecting this debate, the next release under the Crass name was Acts of Love:
classical-music settings of 50 poems by Penny Rimbaud, described as "songs to my other self" and intended to celebrate "the profound sense of unity, peace and love that exists within that other self".
Another Crass hoax was known as the " Thatchergate tapes ", a recording of an apparently accidentally-overheard telephone conversation (due to crossed lines). The tape was constructed by Crass from edited recordings of Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan. On the 'rather clumsily' forged tape, they appear to discuss the sinking of the HMS Sheffield during the Falklands War and agree that Europe would be a target for nuclear weapons in a conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union.
Copies were leaked to the press via a Dutch news agency during the 1983 general election campaign. The U.S. State Department and British Government believed the tape to be propaganda produced by the KGB (as reported by the San Francisco Chronicle and The Sunday Times). Although the tape was produced anonymously, The Observer linked the tape with the band. Previously classified government documents made public in January 2014 under the UK's 'Thirty Year Rule' reveal that the prime minister was personally aware of the tape and had discussed it with her cabinet.
Crass had become a thorn in the side of Margaret Thatcher's government after the Falklands War. Questions about the band in Parliament and an attempted prosecution by Conservative Party MP Timothy Eggar under the UK's Obscene Publications Act for their single, "How Does It Feel...", made them question their purpose:
We found ourselves in a strange and frightening arena. We had wanted to make our views public, had wanted to share them with like minded people, but now those views were being analysed by those dark shadows who inhabited the corridors of power (…) We had gained a form of political power, found a voice, were being treated with a slightly awed respect, but was that really what we wanted? Was that what
we had set out to achieve all those years ago?
The band had also incurred heavy legal expenses for the 1981 Penis Envy prosecution; this, combined with exhaustion and the pressures of living and operating together, finally took its toll. On 7 July 1984 the band played a benefit gig at Aberdare, Wales for striking miners, and on the return trip guitarist N. A. Palmer announced that he intended to leave the group. This confirmed Crass's previous intention to quit in 1984, and the band split up.
In November 2002 several former members arranged Your Country Needs You, a concert of "voices in opposition to war", as the Crass Collective. At Queen Elizabeth Hall on London's South Bank, Your Country Needs You included Benjamin Britten's War Requiem and performances by Goldblade, Fun-Da-Mental, Ian MacKaye and Pete Wright's post-Crass project, Judas 2. In October 2003 the Crass Collective changed their name to Crass Agenda, with Rimbaud, Libertine and Vaucher working with Matt Black of Coldcut and jazz musicians such as Julian Siegel and Kate Shortt. In 2004 Crass Agenda spearheaded a campaign to save the Vortex Jazz Club in Stoke Newington, north London (where they regularly played). In June 2005 Crass Agenda was declared to be "no more", changing its name to the "more pertinent" Last Amendment . After a five-year hiatus, Last Amendment performed at the Vortex in June 2012. Rimbaud has also performed and recorded with Japanther and the Charlatans. A "new" Crass track (a remix of 1982's "Major General Despair" with new lyrics), "The Unelected President", is available.
Anarchy is the state of a society being freely constituted without authorities or a governing body.


and how can we forget the lyric that took over 2017 "If gang pull up, are you gonna back your bredrin?!" Now the general consensus is that people will answer yes without hesitation but if we change that question things may get a bit more interesting.
A number of people are making a name for themselves and putting their talents into great things such as: clothing lines, logo developing, entertainment groups, YouTube channels, podcasts, makeup and hair vendors etc. All of which require hard work so everyone that is starting their own hustle deserves a round of APPLAUSE.
What is beyond me though is how people can claim to be someone's friend but not 'back their bredrins' business/hustle, that's not what a friend is… a friend would put their full support into it like it's their own and ensure that they are assisting with promotion but in a lot of cases I hear that close friends aren't supporting but instead the people who were least expected are putting in the effort!
I want to take a step away from friends and speak to a bigger issue (if that's alright) young black people must stick together, the harsh reality is if we don't support each other nobody else will, which is a sad truth I have tried to deny for ages.
Us as black people are very swift to team up and join forces in the wake of sadness and tragedy for example: the H&M ad, the murder of Harry Uzoka, Grenfell just to name a few but we need to keep that same energy when greatness is manifesting amongst ourselves!
As much as we are currently a minority, if we don't support each other we will go from minority to mute.