Unlike businesses, nonprofits do not sell products or services for profit; instead, they focus on activities meant to benefit the public, the organizations' members, or a specific group. The laws governing tax-exempt organizations such as nonprofits creates the need for specific accounting software. Nonprofit accounting software focuses on funding in its various forms (grants, donations, gifts, or members' contributions). Nonprofit accounting helps organizations manage their finances transparently so donors can understand how their contributions are used. Special accounting reporting is also necessary to comply with regulations for grant submissions.
Nonprofit accounting software integrates with other solutions that nonprofits use to manage donations and gifts such as donor management software, nonprofit CRM software, or fundraising software.
Nonprofit Accounting reviews by real, verified users. Find unbiased ratings on user satisfaction, features, and price based on the most reviews available anywhere.
Over 30 years of research and development went into making Financial Edge the most comprehensive, purpose-built accounting solution for nonprofits. With Financial Edge NXT, we're bringing this thorough understanding of the unique needs and desires of nonprofits to the cloud, delivering a whole new level of performance and accessibility. Reliable, intuitive, and fully-integrated, our all-in-one solution brings you the most advanced technology and powerful tools to empower transparency, stewardship, and compliance. Best-in-class chat support is standard with Financial Edge NXT, providing unlimited access to support resources directly in the product. In addition, all upgrades and enhancements to the software are provided to users regularly as part of their subscription. Best practice online educational videos are included in the subscription price from Blackbaud University, while an extensive training curriculum is available through Blackbaud Learn with local, regional and online courses. With new classes every month, CPE credit-earning content, and exclusive sessions on strategy and best practices, Blackbaud has the premiere training offer for nonprofit accounting software. Financial Edge NXT offers multiple subscription-based packages to meet the needs of various types organizations, large or small, moderate needs or sophisticated, and across multiple industry verticals including human services, healthcare, private schools, higher education, arts & culture, and more. Blackbaud also offers software for fundraising, school administration, foundation management, outcomes measurement, corporate social responsibility, and more. More than 30,000 nonprofit organizations have already benefited from the superior software and support that Blackbaud offers.
MIP Fund Accounting™ is a configurable fund accounting solution that allows you to report and track information that is most important to you, your board and your supporters. According to the vendor, the solution can change and grow with you through your most difficult of fund accounting, human capital management and payroll decisions alike. MIP Fund Accounting™ exclusively serves the financial management and fund accounting needs for thousands of nonprofits and government agencies. MIP™ has received the Campbell Award for several years in a row. The company focuses on your long-term needs, and allows you to custom design your system to enable you to manage effectively, get timely information, streamline processes and provide strong controls. MIP™ is a fully integrated system with comprehensive functionality including fund accounting, procurement, budgeting, payroll, human resources, timekeeping, fixed asset management, grant management, dashboards, and more. The flexible structure enables you to manage and report on multiple cost centers at the general ledger level including multiple organizations, funds, projects, grants, programs, departments, locations, etc. The product can be deployed on-premise, in the cloud or self-hosted. Separately, you choose whether you would like to purchase/own the system or if you would like to pay by subscription.
Billhighway is an association management tool that helps united chapter's finances and data for large organizations and groups that have multiple components. Billhighway helps these associations bring all of their data together to keep their properly structure finance flow and keep organizations working. What types of organizations can Billhighway help? Billhighway is focused towards three types of organizations that are marketed to with slightly different modules; associations, labor unions and fraternities. What are Billhighway's features Billhighway has three main features in their platform. Harnessing user data, growing your association's membe-base and turning manual fundraising and data collection into an automatic work flow. These features all associations and organizations to learn about trends and patterns among their entire association member-base on a national level by sharing user data across different branches, identify the best times to ask potential new members to sign up for their association, use best practices to retain current members and transfer fundraiser and other funds across chapters automatically. Billhighway Summary Overall, Billhighway provides a solution for associations to keep all of their chapters updated on what is happening through all of the associations and at a national level. This transparency allows different branches to adopt strategies that are adopted and successful at sibling branches. It also provides automation in key revenue points that allows organizations to save money and allot their resources and employees in more important areas of their association, fraternity or labor union. This allows for organizations to focus on their main mission and goals, instead of time consuming administrative and financial tasks.
AccuFund is a nonprofit CRM software, with solutions including fund accounting, fundraising, grant management, and other specialized solutions.
Fund E-Z is a fund accounting software that nonprofits can use to create and track budgets for multiple funds, programs, projects, grants, funding sources, and departments.
Built upon the stable and scalable foundation of Microsoft Dynamics NAV 2013, Serenic Navigator delivers new levels of value, efficiency, and productivity.
Do your church or charity's bookkeeping with the ACCOUNTS software program.
Argenta lets users track donors, donations, campaigns, clients, expenses, invoices, inventory and much more.
Banyon Fund Accounting is a solution help to budget tracking and reporting capabilities. With featured accounting package like AP, AR, GL, check writer, balancing, budgets, projects, and reports.
BUCS (BUdgetary Control System) is a fully integrated fund accounting system designed to meet the needs of government, nonprofit and educational agencies.
Cougar Mountain Software's Denali FUND is specifically designed for nonprofit organizations, with features that help deter fraud while managing complex restricted and unrestricted fund accounts. To learn more about what Cougar Mountain Software can do for you, visit us online at CougarMtn.com.
Donation Manager is a donation receipt management solution for charities of New Zealand.
Elexio Church Accounting Software is Elexio's cloud-based church accounting software that was designed to manage church accounting simply and powerfully.
ExpensePlus is an exciting new online expense and finance app that has been created specifically for churches and charities. It's simple and intuitive, and is packed full of features that you will love!
Blackbaud (NASDAQ: BLKB) is the worlds leading cloud software company powering social good. Serving the entire social good communitynonprofits, foundations, corporations, education institutions, healthcare institutions and individual change agentsBlackbaud connects and empowers organizations to increase their impact through software, services, expertise, and data intelligence.
Grant Administrator is a grant management and fund accounting relational database application for tracking and reporting on sponsored programs and accounts.
IconCMO offers multiple church management software packages that meet the needs of any religious organization from church plants to denominational offices.
The Jewel Church Accounting System is software designed to meet the needs of local church treasurers as well as the conference treasury departments of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church. Jewel handles check writing, receipts, budgeting, reports, and much more.
LOGOS Fund Accounting is designed for the special needs of churches, schools, and non-profit organizations.
A dashboard that helps churches track their budgets and expenses, manage their assets and store financial statements.
MoneyMinder Treasurer software is the leading web-based software for volunteer run nonprofits. We provide treasurers information, resources & solutions to help them be more effective & efficient in managing their group's money.
Nonprofit Treausurer is a simple accounting app designed specifically for nonprofit governing boards and volunteer treasurers. Build trust, ease financial oversight, and reduce the burden of volunteer board roles.
Pushpay builds world-class giving and engagement solutions to help organizations grow their communities. The Pushpay platform is designed to drive participation, inspire generosity, and simplify financial workflows. The company serves more than 7,000 customers including churches, schools, and non-profits.
Why Use Nonprofit Accounting Software?
Who Uses Nonprofit Accounting Software?
Nonprofit accounting software can be a vital tool in helping nonprofits easily and accurately keep track of financial data. Nonprofit accounting software is a valuable addition to any nonprofit organization looking to meet the stringent accounting standards that nonprofits are tasked with upholding. In addition to easing difficulties in meeting nonprofit accounting regulations, these solutions create more transparency within an organization, and the financial insight they provide can help leaders craft organizational strategy. Nonprofit accounting solutions are tailor-made for the not-for-profit sector, and contain a variety of features designed to ease the difficulties associated with reporting, accounting, and auditing in the sector.
Nonprofit accounting software provides users with a host of potential benefits. While free accounting solutions may suffice in the early days of your venture, as donations grow and operations become more complex, a solution is needed that can handle the volume and complexity of increased revenue streams. Nonprofit accounting standards differ significantly from those in the for-profit sector. The revenue stream for nonprofits is diverse, and there are strict rules governing the use of revenue for specific things. For example, a grant given to a nonprofit must be used only for the purposes explicitly stated in the contract. There is also no equity in a nonprofit organization, and reports are used to track the amount of revenue versus the amount of expenditures, as opposed to net income as in a for-profit enterprise.
A dedicated fund accounting solution allows you to meet the multiple Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) requirements that govern reporting requirements for nonprofit organizations. Nonprofit financial management is a tall order for any organization, and accounting software for nonprofit organizations can ease the burden placed on the finance department to properly manage that aspect of operations.
Increase Transparency – By using nonprofit accounting solutions, your organization can increase the transparency of its operations. Employees and donors are able to see a breakdown of your organization's spending and how efficiently money is being used. Donors are concerned with how their dollars are being put to use; implementing a nonprofit accounting solution represents a good faith effort to peel back the layers obscuring your organization's finances and solidify public trust.
Consolidate Information – Excel spreadsheets may be an adequate accounting solution in the early stages of growth, but as you grow and collect information from dozens of sources, it can get cluttered. Nonprofit accounting solutions were created for this exact reason. Instead of housing your information in disparate files and possibly in different systems, nonprofit accounting software offers a single place in which to input and keep your data. While this may seem like a simple difference, it can save your finance team time that would otherwise be wasted on collecting information from different sources.
Manage Multiple Revenue Streams – One of the most difficult aspects of managing the finances of a nonprofit is handling a multitude of different revenue streams. As a nonprofit, you may get revenue from membership dues, donations, grants, program revenues, and investment income. Nonprofit accounting software contains dedicated tools designed to deal with these multiple revenue streams efficiently.
Maintain Compliance – A huge benefit to implementing a nonprofit accounting solution is the assurance that your organization will be able to easily maintain compliance with all not-for-profit accounting standards. In case of an audit or a public inquiry into the use of your organization's funds, you'll have the correct records to assuage any doubts as to the proper use of organizational funds.
Drive Strategic Organizational Planning – Accounting may not be as glamorous as the marketing department within your organization, but the insights gleaned from accurate and comprehensive data collection and reporting can be just as valuable in shaping your organizational strategy. A concrete understanding of your organization's financial reality is key to planning out the future of your organization. You can budget more accurately, take inventory of precisely where your revenue streams are coming from, and craft a strategy built around data.
Improve Efficiency and Efficacy – The ultimate goal of any software is to improve the efficiency and efficacy of the department in which it is being implemented. Nonprofit accounting software is no different. Accountants no longer have to scrounge around and sift through the digital file cabinets to locate the documents they need. Nonprofits often need to track multiple contribution types (dues, events, planned giving, bequests, and more) over different reporting periods, programs, and projects. Nonprofit accounting solutions are able to sort and sift these different contribution types and ultimately improve the efficiency with which staff accountants are able to deal with them.
Everyone within a nonprofit organization should have access to the nonprofit accounting solution for transparency's sake. There are a few roles within the organization, however, with more cause for heavy utilization of the software. Let's take a deeper look at which roles within these organizations have the highest use for solutions in this category.
Chief Financial Officer (CFO) – Nonprofit CFOs are tasked with a variety of responsibilities. In the not-for-profit sector, they are obviously not responsible for generating profit. The scope of the CFO's duties will depend on the specific organization and revenue streams, but a large portion of what they do is make sure the accounting within the firm is solid. They can use nonprofit accounting solutions to inform financial decisions and ultimately the overall business strategy.
Accounting Staff – As the group with the most daily interaction with nonprofit accounting solutions, accounting staff are tasked with covering the daily accounting functions. Nonprofit accounting software makes tracking contributions, reporting, and auditing easier for this group of employees.
Donor Contribution Reports – Nonprofit accounting software allows users to create donor contribution reports, which summarize yearly donations to the organization.
Grant and Endowment Management – Nonprofit accounting solutions typically offer grant and endowment management functionality, which provide users with a clear overview of the organizational grants and endowments an organization has applied for, given, and received.
Audit Trail – A key feature of any accounting software, the audit trail functionality of nonprofit accounting solutions allows users to stay on top of every single organizational transaction. Any auditors or inquiries into a company's practices are easily answered by providing the information gathered by the software, which creates a clear audit trail.
Invoice Customization – While there are separate invoicing software solutions available, the beauty of nonprofit accounting software is its diverse feature set. Solutions in this category may come equipped with a dedicated tool to help users create and customize invoices. Instead of wasting time creating a brand new invoice every single time, users can create multiple templates specific to the needs of an organization.
Accounts Receivable Automation – This feature aids organizations in simplifying the processing of invoices, saving finance and accounting teams time and money.
Accounts Payable Automation – Automation is always a good thing when it can save time. AP automation means that users no longer have to worry about manually entering invoices, and companies maintain full control over organizational spending.
Payment Processing – Certain nonprofit accounting solutions may offer payment processing features bundled within the tool as part of the fundraising aspect of the application. Having payment processing features means that donors can contribute directly within an application, cutting down the number of steps needed to donate. Simplifying the donation process is an excellent way to get donors to do so, and solutions equipped with this feature accomplish that.
Payroll – Some solutions may offer payroll functionality, so organizations can track spending on employees directly within the application. This contributes to financial planning for the administration, as users are provided with a comprehensive breakdown of overhead and can assess in detail if it is warranted as well as whether the organization is over- or under-spending.
Financial Reporting – All solutions contain reporting tools built in; reporting is a vital function of nonprofit accounting tools, which cater to tax-exempt organizations.
Data Import – Solutions typically offer easy-to-use data import tools for users looking to input data from donor management and fundraising solutions.
Cloud-Based Solutions – Solutions in the nonprofit accounting category typically offer a cloud version of their software. As more solutions are hosted and deployed in the cloud, the quality of a solution's cloud offering becomes increasingly important.
There are a variety of trends within the nonprofit accounting space, but two trends of particular importance are the migration of nonprofit accounting solutions to the cloud and the replacement of older non-specific accounting solutions.
Migration to the Cloud — While on-premise solutions maintain a solid foothold within the software industry as a whole, there has been a distinct shift from on-premise to cloud solutions when it comes to nonprofit accounting software. The benefits inherent to cloud-based solutions are numerous, and organizations have started to realize them. Cloud solutions are easier to deploy, update, and manage for the purchasing party.
System Replacement — A great deal of the nonprofit world operates on a shoestring budget, which impacts an organization's ability to invest in new software. However, as the number of solutions in the dedicated nonprofit software space increases and the quality of those solutions improves, more nonprofits are looking to purchase and implement a new solution within their organization.
Nonprofit accounting software is heavily reliant on and integrates with solutions in a variety of nonprofit software categories, the primary ones being donor management software, nonprofit CRM software, and fundraising software. Nonprofit accounting solutions may come as a pre-integrated module within one of the categories just mentioned.
Hi there! Can I help you find the best Nonprofit Accounting solutions?


When the Denver South Park & Pacific Railroad first reached Buena Vista, they had an agreement with the Denver and Rio Grande to share track to Gunnison and Leadville. Soon, changes in management dissolved the agreement. The DSP&P, also called the South Park Line, needed a new route to reach Leadville. In 1882, they surveyed the area and chose to build from Como to Breckenridge, over Boreas Pass. They expanded the maintenance facilities at the Como division point.
Como reached its height in 1910 with two dozen daily trains passing through. The narrow-gauge steam engines were serviced in the round house which, with 19 bays, was the largest on the South Park Line. The original 6-bay stone structure still stands. The rails, wooden bays, and much of the yard was torn down once the railroad was finished with them. The South Park Line closed in the late 1930s. The round house is privately owned and not open to the public.
West of the roundhouse, the white two-story hotel is open as a restaurant and B&B. The current Como Eating House was built in 1897 after the previous version burned down. It was used by tourists and train crews. The rough wooden building to the south was the Como Depot.


Do you run a small business? Do you ever experience periods in the month where you need extra cash available? Do you need capital for a new business opportunity? The chances are that you have tried to get some financing from the bank and they have turned you down. Relax, it's a common occurrence. Most small businesses have no permanent credit track record. This fact means that banks are unwilling to loan small businesses money without some form of collateral. Most small businesses are unable to fulfill the surety requirements, so what do they do to gain finance?
Short term loans from sites like Shelter or truck loans for businesses are a great way for small businesses and startups to gain the access they need to necessary working capital to prop up their cash flow when they need it. However, it is not all roses and champagne; you will still need to repay the loan and the interest. Here are some benefits of short term loans and tips that you can use when you apply.
Does your business rely on cash flow to survive? Small business rate available cash flows cash as its number one bottleneck regarding being able to carry out business operations efficiently. A short term loan can help small businesses through their waning cash flow period when they have creditors to pay and supplies to order.
Small businesses come across new opportunities all the time. Some may require cash available to take advantage of the situation. A short term loan is approved in mutes and gives small businesses and startups the financial tools they need to leverage opportunity.
Has the bank turned down your loan because you have no credit score and no collateral? Don't worry; you are not alone, it is a common problem that affects thousands of businesses. However, a short term micro lender may be a viable solution to your cash problems. Taking a loan from a micro lender requires no credit check and is accessible quickly. By taking a loan, you build your credit profile with the banks, allowing you to create a track record that you can use for further institutional finance deals as your business grows.
IF your business is going under, a short term loan will not turn things around. The chances are that it will just add to the debt load and turn the screws of liquidation faster. Avoid taking a loan that you cannot repay.
Before you sign the loan agreement, make sure that you understand the numbers and what is required to make the payments every month/. Seek advice from your accountant and lawyer if you are unsure of what to do. Work with the best short term loan professionals like Cashfloat and solve your cash crisis.
Short term loans are a viable way for small businesses to get instant access to cash. However, be diligent with your credit and make sure that you understand all of the loan parameters before you sign the loan agreement.


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Q: Can we find the contrapositive of the Implicit Function Theorem The implicit function theorem (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicit_function_theorem) is a tool which allows relations to be converted to functions of several real variables. It does this by representing the relation as the graph of a function: My question is: Can we find the contrapositive of the Implicit Function Theorem.

A: The theorem says that if a certain matrix is invertible, then there exist a certain $U$ and a certain $V$ and a certain function $g$.  (The article you linked gives the specifics.)  So, the contrapositive is:  If there doesn't exist that $U$ or there doesn't exist that $V$ or there doesn't exist that $g$, then the matrix is not invertible.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Connect PVC and ABS plastic pipe with special transition fittings, correctly sized to the pipe size. They make a sound joint and meet plumbing codes.
If you're plumbing in a new drain or vent and have to join two different kinds of plastic pipe, black ABS and white PVC, don't assume that you can simply glue them together. Most plumbing codes don't allow ABS pipe to be solvent-welded (glued) to PVC. Check with your local plumbing inspector.
When inserting a pipe between two fixed ends, cut the new piece to leave an 1/8-in. gap at both joints. Loosen and slide the metal jacket and clamps off the rubber sleeves and slide the jackets onto the fixed pipes. Push one end of the rubber sleeve onto the fixed pipe and then roll back the other end (Photo 1) to make room for the new piece of pipe. Hold the new piece of pipe between the two fixed pipe ends and unroll the rubber sleeves over the ends of the new pipe. Next, slide the metal jackets over the rubber sleeves and tighten the clamps. Snug them up with a socket wrench.
A transition coupling consists of a rubber sleeve and steel jacket. The proper way to use a transition coupling consists of a neoprene rubber sleeve that fits over each pipe. It's then held tight with a stainless steel metal jacket and integral clamps. The coupling will be labeled as to which type of pipe (plastic ABS and PVC, steel, cast iron, copper) each end can be fastened to. Look for a plastic-to-plastic designation on the coupling.


text:
mvn() {
  # shellcheck disable=SC2068
  command mvn $@
  message="'mvn $*' done!"
  which terminal-notifier > /dev/null && terminal-notifier -message "$message"
  which notify-send > /dev/null && notify-send "$message"
}

alias mvnci='mvn clean install'
alias mvnc='mvn clean'
alias mvnt='mvn test'
alias mvnag='mvn archetype:generate'
alias mvnnew='mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart'

killjboss() {
  pkill -9 -f jboss-modules
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Home » Hair Loss Blog » Hair Restoration » Is Hair Linked to Career Success?
Is Hair Loss Affecting Your Career and Dating Life?
Is Hair Linked to Career Success?
Another study done by ISHRS demonstrates that 50 percent of all men and over 25 percent of women worldwide are affected by hair loss and believe there is a "significant impact on a person's self-esteem and overall quality of life" when losing hair.
Bosley patient, Marc B. attests to how confidence gained by restored hair shaped an important area in his life – his career. "Not having the hair was really affecting my confidence level. Now, my career is better than it's ever been. I'm not afraid of being in front of people now," he says.
After undergoing a Bosley restoration, Ron's confidence level began to turn around. "People think at that time I was about 41; that was the oldest that I've got. I felt offended, and now I'm like 25 years younger again," he says, noting that he would recommend Bosley to anyone, including his family members.
To learn about how Bosley can help restore your hair and confidence, schedule your free, in-person hair consultation now.


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Better scrutiny of defense spending
Could it really be that the dubious outcome of the war was the result of an underfunded military?
idf tanks lebanon 298.88. (photo credit: IDF)
With an inquiry of some kind certain to investigate the way the war in Lebanon was managed, the security establishment has already taken the first step in its defense: On Sunday, the Defense Ministry asked for a NIS 30 billion boost to its budgets over the next three years. Strategic lessons from the fallout of the war in Lebanon, it argues, dictate the need for a significant increase in spending. By directly linking its request for a budget increase to the war against Hizbullah, though, the Defense Ministry has stepped into a potential minefield. Could it really be, the taxpayer might reasonably ask, that the dubious outcome of the war was the result of an underfunded military? And would pumping so many more billions of shekels into a defense budget that is already larger than the combined expenditures of all our neighbors really solve the military's deficiencies? On both accounts, great skepticism is in order. If the army insists that recent years' budget cuts were to blame for the dearth of flak jackets for infantry soldiers, for instance, then it will have a hard time explaining how it nonetheless managed to fund the air force's spectacular tally of 15,500 sorties. What's more, criticism of the management of the fighting has thus far focused on its operational aspects - meaning the IDF's competency, not its capability. Deeper pockets wouldn't necessarily make commanders deeper thinkers. The war did cost the Defense Ministry an estimated NIS 7 billion, however, and that puts a serious dent in its budget. But the transfer of some NIS 2.2b. to the Defense Ministry from the Health, Welfare and Education ministries has already been authorized. And the other costs of the war - some NIS 15b. or so to civilian infrastructure and other costs - will also have to be borne by the state. Even if the government wanted to compensate the Defense Ministry for its losses with further funds from numerous other ministries, it would be impossible to do so. There simply isn't enough money to go around. Going forward, there will be no shortage of difficult decisions. For example: The army lost 20 tanks during the fighting. Should the Defense Ministry now build more Merkava tanks, at a cost of roughly $3 million each, or invest in the Trophy, a system that promises the kind of unprecedented protection that could defend our remaining tanks from future attacks? As always, the most important question in this budget debate is not simply how much to spend. The allocation of resources is a matter of priorities. What is most disturbing is that the public can not adequately address the question of what the Defense Ministry's priorities should be, because it does not know what those priorities have been until now. For almost 60 years, the entire civilian mechanism that is responsible for the nation's defense - namely, the Knesset members and the citizens to whom they are responsible - has been denied the ability to fairly judge the budgetary needs of the Defense Ministry. This confusion is due to the fact that the defense budget is so closely guarded that even the Prime Minister's Office and the National Security Council have no role in preparing it. Much of it is kept secret, allowing interested parties to make of it what they will. The army has argued that its "real" allotment is some NIS 13b. less than the number stated in the annual budget report, because so much of the defense budget goes to fund pension payments and other non-combat-related costs. But the state comptroller has revealed that indirect payments and covert payments to the security establishment regularly total about NIS 13b. more than the amount approved by the Knesset. The discrepancy cries out for a closer accounting. What the defense establishment has inadvertently done by demanding more money is to highlight just how necessary it is to ensure far greater civilian oversight of the defense budget. This doesn't necessarily mean further cuts - well-informed citizens are actually more likely to support the IDF - but it does mean that defense decisions would be more open to criticism. Considering the recent decisions that could have been amended had more contextual information been more widely available and more closely scrutinized, a more informed debate on our national defense budget could do more than save money. It could save lives.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Friends and neighbors, it's my privilege to welcome you to our little corner of Mayberry here on the internet. We are the "Who's Been Messin' Up the Bulletin Board?" Chapter (WBMUTBB?) and we are an honorary chapter of "The Andy Griffith Show" Rerun Watchers Club(TAGSRWC).
GO HERE for an easy to fill out WBMUTBB Membership Request form. You will be signed up for our daily WBMTUBB Digest e-mail list and receive a daily dose of Mayberry in your inbox.
Visit the WBMUTBB Chapter store and get shirts, hats, clocks, coasters, pillows, mouse pads and more!
Good afternoon, Mayberry. I hope you all have a great day.
You sure Calvin Coolidge didn't say that?
No Emmett....Calvin Coolidge didn't say everything. At least that's what Andy told me.
People always talking about the weather but nobody does anything about it. I think Calvin Coolidge said that.
92.....that's HOT. Everybody complains about the weather, but nobody does anything about it.
Wow. We're up to 40 members of the WBMTUBB Chapter here at the iMayberry Community! That's great. This will give me a way to let you guys know if there are problems with the WBMUTBB Digest AND we get to see what each other looks like (or at least wish we looked like) thanks to the profile pictures. I hope you've enjoyed the photos of the WBMUTBB Chapter Gatherings over the year.
I'll be looking at other things we could add here for folks to enjoy.
Hey Chapter member! I'm glad you found us! I've added a "Page" for our chapter with photos of Chapter members taken at Mayberry Days each year. They go back to 2003 (which is when Jan got her digital camera). I have other photos but I'll have to find those. Enjoy!


Wait a second I have something I need to talk to you about. I am a bit nervous so I am just going to be honest with you.
Ever since you gave me access to the company accounts I have been making small payments to myself. It has only been small amounts but I was found out. I confessed it was me and admitted everything to management. They said they would just give me a warning if I paid it all back which I have done now. The only thing is they are angry that you were not monitoring me. Now I am really sorry to say this and feel very bad about it but they have asked me to punish you.
Given the severity of the offence they have requested a rather cruel punishment. Firstly I am to ballbust you until both your testicles are badly damaged and close to rupture. Then I am to put you in a crush box and using my heels I am to destroy one of your testicles. I am to force my heel through your testicle over and over until it is mush. I am to use these pointed heels and do it very slowly so you feel everything.
Look I never wanted this and I am so sorry but I have to punish you. I also have to make it pronged and very painful as well.
I see you are upset but we have to do this and you probably should have watched me more. I have prepared a letter for you to sign saying you accept full responsibility for the incident and agree with the punishment. I have also put a part at the end saying you request the punishment to be drawn out and made as painful as possible for you. If you sign it will help my career and show management you are sorry. I think it is for the best will you sign?
Thanks for agreeing I think it is the right thing to do. This is going to be awkward for us both I think. We have known each other for so long now I have to torture your testicles and destroy one of them. We have booked an appointment at the hospital for when I have finished destroying the chosen testicle so we should get started. I think I will kick you in the balls to begin with. I have always been good at kicking testicles and think it would be a good way to damage them.
Take off your clothes and get ready. Good now I expect you to remain standing with your legs spread and your hands behind your back. You will remain like this until I say otherwise while I carry out the punishment. I am glad you have accepted this is your fault and you deserve what is about to happen to you.


text:
T 1954/09 () of 14.10.2010
Decision text in EN (PDF, 147 KB)
Filtration monitoring and control system
Siemens Water Technologies Corp.
Zenon Technology Partnership
European Patent Convention Art 76(1)
European Patent Convention Art 123(2)
Amendments - added subject-matter (yes) - all requests
I. The appeal by the patent proprietors lies from the decision of the Opposition Division revoking European patent Nº 1 300 186, granted on European application Nº 02 080 409.2, which is a divisional application of European application 96 905 596.1, originating from International application Nº PCT/AU96/00144 (international publication number WO 96/28236) (referred to as parent application or D0), on which European patent EP-A-0 814 887 (referred to as parent patent) had been granted.
II. The parent application as filed (D0) comprised 28 claims, independent method claims 1, 5, 6, 19 and 25 reading as follows:
"1. A method of determining the fouling effect of a feedstream on a filter having known characteristics, said method comprising the steps of:
(i) passing the feedstream through a filter having known characteristics;
(ii) determining the change in resistance to flow of the feedstream across the filter, either continuously or over a number of time intervals; and
(iii) from this data, calculating a feed fouling index (FFI) representative of the fouling characteristics of the feedstream with respect to the filter."
"5. An on-line method of monitoring and controlling a filtering system, said method comprising the steps of:
(i) determining the resistance of filtering elements used in the filtering system by monitoring a number of operating parameters of the system;
(ii) calculating a feed fouling index representative of the fouling nature of the feedstream to the filtering system using the resistance value determined in (i); and
(iii) controlling the operation of the filtering system in dependence on the value of the feed fouling index calculated."
"6. An off-line method of determining the potential fouling effect of a feedstream, said method including the steps of:
(i) passing a sample of the feedstream at a predetermined pressure through a filter having known characteristics;
(iii) from this data, calculating a feed fouling index (FFI) representative of the fouling characteristics of the feedstream sample on the known filter."
"19. A method of monitoring the operation of a filtration system comprising the following steps:
(a) sampling system parameter values at selected locations within the filtration system at a predetermined sampling rate;
(b) generating a parameter profile characteristic from the sampled parameter values at predetermined intervals of time; and
(c) analysing the parameter profile characteristic to determine correct operation of the filtration system."
"25. A method of monitoring and controlling a filtering system, said method comprising the steps of:
(i) determining resistance values of filtering elements used in the filtering system at predetermined times during the backwash cycle of the system by monitoring a number of operating parameters of the system;
(ii) calculating a backwash efficiency value representative of the efficiency of the backwash cycle of the filtering system using the resistance values determined in (i); and
(iii) controlling the operation of the filtering system in dependence on the value of the backwash efficiency calculated.".
III. The divisional application as filed consisted of description and drawings that were identical to those of the parent application as filed (D0) and of Claims 1 to 10 that were identical to Claims 19 to 28 of D0.
IV. The patent granted on the divisional application (the patent in suit) comprised 6 claims, Claim 1 as granted reading as follows (additions to the claim as filed are indicated in bold, deletions in strikethrough):
"1. A method of monitoring the operation of a filtration system comprising the following steps:
(b) generating a parameter profile characteristic from the sampled parameter values at predetermined intervals of time; [deleted: and ]
(c) [deleted: analysing the parameter profile characteristic to determine correct operation of the filtration system ]determining the change in resistance to flow of the feed stream across the filter, either continuously or over a number of time intervals, where
R= DeltaPxA/etaxQ
with R=Resistance, DeltaP=change in pressure across the filter, A=filter area.[sic] eta=viscosity of the feed stream and Q=flow across the filter; and
(d) determining optimal operations of the filtration system using the information determined from steps a) to c)."
V. An opposition seeking the revocation of the patent in suit as a whole was filed on the grounds that its subject-matter was not novel and did not involve an inventive step (Article 100(a) EPC) and extended beyond the content of both the divisional application as well as the parent application as filed (D0) (Article 100(c) EPC).
VI. In the decision under appeal, which was based on the claims as granted as the sole request, and which dealt only with the ground of opposition under Article 100(c) EPC, it was held that the patent as granted did not comply with Articles 76(1) and 123(2) EPC, because Claim 1 as granted - which was based on Claim 19 of D0 - contained amendments such as the deletion of feature (c) appearing in Claim 19 of D0, that extended the content of the patent in suit beyond that of the parent as well as the divisional applications as filed. Therefore, the patent was revoked.
VII. In their statement setting out the grounds of appeal, the appellants (patent proprietors) maintained the claims as granted as their Main Request and enclosed 4 sets of amended claims as Auxiliary Requests 1 to 4.
VIII. By letter of 31 March 2010, the respondents (opponents) filed observations on the statement setting out the grounds of appeal, maintaining all of the grounds of opposition raised in the opposition proceedings.
IX. In response to a communication of the Board in preparation for the oral proceedings, dated 14 July 2010:
- the appellants maintained the claims as granted as their Main Request, submitted three further sets of amended claims as Auxiliary Requests 1 to 3 and maintained the requests filed with their statement setting out the grounds of appeal as Auxiliary Requests 4 to 7 (letter dated 15 September 2010).
- the respondents maintained their grounds of opposition and reiterated their objections and arguments, also against all auxiliary requests (letter dated 14 September 2010).
X. The claims 1 of the auxiliary requests read (additions to the claim as filed are indicated in bold, deletions in strikethrough, additions to the claim as granted are bold underlined):
Auxiliary Request 1
(b) generating a [deleted: parameter ]resistance profile characteristic from the sampled parameter values at predetermined intervals of time; [deleted: and ]
with R=Resistance, DeltaP=change in pressure across the filter, A=filter area, eta=viscosity of the feed stream and Q=flow across the filter; and
(d) determining optimal operations of the filtration system using the information determined from steps a) to c) by analysing the resistance profile characteristic.".
(a) sampling [deleted: system parameter ]pressure and flow values at selected locations within the filtration system at a predetermined sampling rate;
(b) generating a [deleted: parameter ]resistance profile characteristic from the sampled [deleted: parameter ]pressure and flow values at predetermined intervals of time;"
(c) ... as in Auxiliary request 1...
(d) ... as in Auxiliary request 1...
(a) sampling [deleted: system parameter ]pressure values at selected locations within the filtration system at a predetermined sampling rate;
(c) [deleted: analysing the parameter profile characteristic to determine correct operation of the filtration system ]determining [deleted: the change ]an increase in resistance to flow of the feed stream across the filter, either continuously or over a number of time intervals, as a pressure across the filter increases, where
(d) determining optimal operations of the filtration system using the information determined from steps a) to c) by analysing the resistance profile characteristic to determine an increase in a feed fouling index.".
(c) ...as in Auxiliary Request 1...
(d) determining optimal operations of the filtration system using the information determined from steps a) to c) by analysing the resistance profile characteristic to determine correct operation of the filtration system."
with R=Resistance, DeltaP=change in pressure across the filter, A=filter area, eta=viscosity of the feed stream and Q=flow across the filter, and calculating a feed fouling index representative of the fouling nature of the feedstream to the filtration system; and
(d) determining optimal operations of the filtration system using the information determined from steps a) to c) by analysing the parameter profile characteristic to determine correct operation of the filtration system."
(e) sampling system parameter values at selected locations within the filtration system at a predetermined sampling rate;
(f) generating a parameter profile characteristic from the sampled parameter values at predetermined intervals of time; [deleted: and ]
(g) [deleted: analysing the parameter profile characteristic to determine correct operation of the filtration system ]determining the change in resistance to flow of the feed stream across the filter, either continuously or over a number of time intervals, where resistance values are determined by
with R=Resistance, DeltaP=change in pressure across the filter, A=filter area, eta=viscosity of the feed stream and Q=flow across the filter, and calculating a feed fouling index representative of the fouling nature of the feedstream to the filtration system using the determined resistance values; and
(h) determining optimal operations of the filtration system using the information determined from steps a) to c) in dependence on the values of the feed fouling index calculated."
(d) determining optimal operations of the filtration system using the information determined from steps a) to c) in dependence on the values of the feed fouling index calculated;
wherein step a) includes sampling pressure values with pressure sensing devices positioned on either side of the filter to relate resistance changes in terms of the change in pressure across the filter."
XI. Oral proceedings were held on 14 October 2010. After the closure of the debate and deliberation by the Board, the decision was announced.
XII. The appellants argued essentially as follows:
Main Request
(a) Since the divisional application as filed complied with Article 76(1) EPC, the only issue was whether or not the patent as granted complied with the requirements of Article 123(2) EPC. However, as granted Claim 1 was based on Claim 19 of D0, reference would be made to D0.
(b) Although D0 contained no literal disclosure for Claim 1 as granted, the criterion for determining whether subject-matter had been added was not whether a literal disclosure existed but whether a direct and unambiguous disclosure was present.
(c) Features a) and b) of granted Claim 1 and of claim 19 of D0 were identical. In the filtration system as shown in Figure 6 of D0 only pressure and flow values were sampled. Step c) of claim 19 of D0 has been replaced by new steps c) and d), wherein however step c) should be seen as a more specific formulation of step b). Since "correct" and "optimal" operations had the same meaning, step d) of granted Claim 1 was a mere reformulation of step c) of claim 19 of D0. Hence, if any, only the features of step c) of granted Claim 1 could be seen as an addition.
(d) As regards the addition of new step c), the second and the seventh aspects of the invention as defined in Claims 5 and 19 of D0 both related to a method of monitoring and controlling the operation of a filtration system and solved the same problem, so that each could be used on its own or they could be used in combination. The apparent separation of the aspects was the mere result of an "American style" claim drafting. In fact, D0 mentioned no sampling of values within the context of its Claim 19 and the skilled person could not gather from the rest of D0 that parameter values other than the usual flow and pressure values were to be sampled. A parameter profile characteristic based on resistance values could hence be used also within the seventh aspect of the invention (Claim 19 of D0).
Moreover, from the first and second aspects of the invention, it was clear that the resistance of the filtering elements as well as a change in the resistance to flow of the feed stream across the filter could be used to calculate a Feed Fouling Index, which was then used for monitoring and controlling a filtering system. Thus, the step of determining the change in resistance to flow of the feed stream across the filter (i.e. step c) of granted Claim 1) could be added in the method of monitoring the operation of a filtration system according to the seventh aspect of the invention of claim 19 of D0.
(e) Therefore, granted Claim 1 was directly and unambiguously disclosed in D0.
Claim 1 of Auxiliary Request 1 was based on Figure 4 of D0, showing a parameter Rf, which was a resistance profile characteristic representing the change in resistance to flow of the feed stream across the filter due to fouling.
Claim 1 of Auxiliary request 2 was based on the disclosure of D0 that sensors for pressure and flow characteristics of the feed stream could be provided at various points throughout the system.
Claim 1 of Auxiliary Request 3 was based on the disclosure of D0 that the compressibility of a dirt layer was a measure of the increase in resistance.
Step d) of Claim 1 according to Auxiliary Request 4 was identical to step c) of Claim 19 of D0.
Claim 1 of Auxiliary Request 5 included the calculation of a feed fouling index representing the fouling nature of the feedstream, further defining the link between the second and the seventh aspect of the invention.
According to claim 1 of Auxiliary Request 6, optimum operation of the filtration system was determined in dependence of the values of the calculated feed fouling index, as defined in steps ii) and iii) of claim 5 of D0. As the feed fouling index based on resistance values was one example of a parameter profile characteristic, - in which the resistance value might be based on pressure values as in the formula of present Claim 1 - a parameter profile based on resistance values could be used within the seventh aspect of the invention (Claim 19 of D0). The use of a feed fouling index in a method of monitoring and controlling a filtering system had been disclosed in the parent application as originally filed.
Claim 1 of Auxiliary Request 7 indicated that pressure values sampled with pressure sensing devices on either side of the filter related resistance changes to changes in pressure across the filter.
XIII. The respondents argued essentially as follows:
(a) Claim 1 as granted was based on Claim 19 of D0 but did not contain original step c), which had been replaced by two new steps c) and d).
(b) New step c) was based on step ii) of Claim 1 and the description of D0. However, Claim 1 of D0 pertained to a different embodiment of D0 than did claim 19. Step ii) of Claim 1 could not be taken from its context and inserted into the different context of original Claim 19 of D0 because there was no specific basis for that in D0.
(c) Newly introduced step d) had not been described in D0, nor did this disclose the use of the information from all steps a) to c) for determining optimal operation of a filtration system, let alone how the information should be used in combination to determine optimal operation of filtration systems.
(d) In fact, it was clear from D0 that the method of its Claim 19 related to the correct operation of the filtration installation, i.e. to the observation of parameter profiles (actual versus desired) for detecting divergences, hence faults, such as valves working wrongly or faulty equipment. Instead, Claim 1 as granted related to optimal operation of the filtration system, i.e. on maintaining and improving the way the installation was working, so that "optimal" also implied controlling the operation.
(e) As to the combination of steps c) and d), no aspect of D0 embodied it, nor was it disclosed in the context of Claim 19 of D0. The latter had not been contested by the appellants, who argued that Claims 1 and 5 of D0, respectively concerning the first and the second aspects of the invention, supported the amendments in Claim 1 as granted. The separate mentioning of the various aspects was not the mere result of an "American style" claim drafting, as D0 was based on four non-American priorities, i.e. on different inventions. Claim 19 of D0 concerned an aspect which did not relate to the feed fouling index, as did the first and the second aspects of the invention described in D0. Hence, the combination of steps from different method claims was not disclosed in D0.
(f) Therefore, granted Claim 1 added subject-matter to the contents of both the parent and the divisional applications as filed (Articles 76(1) and 123(2) EPC).
(g) The arguments regarding the main request were also valid for Auxiliary request 1. The insertion of feature c) of Claim 19 of D0 in Claim 1 of Auxiliary Request 1, although it addressed the problem of the removal of an essential feature, did not avoid the objection that the combination of steps c) and d) was not originally disclosed.
Auxiliary Requests 2 to 7
(h) In Auxiliary Requests 2 to 7 further features had been added to their respective Claims 1, some of which were based on independent Claims of D0. However, combining features that were never presented as being part of the same embodiment, as done in granted Claim 1, extended the content of the patent beyond that of both the parent and the divisional applications as filed.
(i) Hence, none of the requests was allowable, so that the patent should remain revoked.
XIV. The appellants (patent proprietors) requested that the decision under appeal be set aside and that the patent be maintained as granted or on the basis of one of the Auxiliary Requests 1 to 3 filed with letter dated 15 September 2010 or on the basis of one of the four Auxiliary Requests filed with the statement of grounds of appeal dated 19 November 2009.
XV. The respondents (opponents) requested that the appeal be dismissed.
Article 76(1) EPC
2. Divisional application as filed
2.1 The patent application on the basis of which the patent in suit was granted is a divisional application of D0. Whereas D0 contains 28 claims, 28 description pages and 13 figures, the divisional application has 10 claims, 28 description pages and 13 figures. Its description and drawings are identical to those of D0 but the claimed subject-matter as filed was limited and identical to that of claims 19 to 28 of D0 only. However, the text of the other independent claims of D0, e.g. that of Claims 1, 5 and 6 of D0, referred to by the parties during the oral proceedings, is reproduced as such in the description of D0 (page 4, lines 8-15; page 5, lines 1-8; and page 6, lines 5-12, respectively). Hence, the text of Claims 1, 5 and 6 is also reproduced in the description of the divisional application as filed (Paragraphs [0014], [0017] and [0020], respectively, of the published version). Therefore, the divisional application as filed, on which the patent in suit was granted, complies with the requirements of Article 76(1) EPC, which fact was not contested by the parties.
2.2 However, while the original divisional application complies with Article 76(1) EPC, such is not necessarily the case with the granted patent. If the granted patent contains subject-matter that extends beyond the content of the application as filed, in other words does not comply with Article 123(2) EPC, the requirements of Article 76(1) EPC are not fulfilled either. Also, in the present case, if the granted patent does not comply with Article 76(1) EPC, the requirements of Article 123(2) are not met either.
2.3 The usual procedure for judging the presence of added subject-matter is such that for Article 76(1) EPC the patent at issue will be compared with the parent application as filed (D0), for Article 123(2) EPC with the divisional application as filed, not with (D0). However, in the present case, reference may be made to D0, as the divisional application reproduces the content of D0 (point 2.1, supra).
3. It is not in dispute that Claim 1 as granted is based on Claim 19 of the parent application as filed (D0).
3.1 Compared to Claim 19 of D0 (Point II, supra), Claim 1 as granted (Point IV, supra) contains, in its steps (c) and (d), the following modifications:
(a) The deletion of the feature "analysing the parameter profile characteristic to determine correct operation of the filtration system", i.e. the deletion of step (c) of Claim 19 of D0. No basis for that deletion has been indicated by the appellants, who have instead argued that step (d) of Claim 1 as granted is equivalent in scope to step (c) of Claim 19 of D0.
(b) The addition of a new step (c), which consists of the following two features:
(i) "determining the change in resistance to flow of the feed stream across the filter, either continuously or over a number of time intervals", which, as such, is mentioned in D0, e.g. in step ii) of Claims 1 and 6, hence also in the divisional application as filed (Point 2.1, supra, third sentence).
(ii) "where R= DeltaPxA/etaxQ, with R=Resistance, DeltaP=change in pressure across the filter, A=filter area, eta=viscosity of the feed stream and Q=flow across the filter". The formula was mentioned in D0, but with DeltaP being the pressure across the membrane, A the membrane area, eta the viscosity of the feed stream assumed to be water, and Q the flow through the membrane, (D0, paragraph bridging pages 12 and 13). It was used to calculate the feed fouling index (FFI).
(c) The addition of a new step (d), worded as follows: "determining optimal operations of the filtration system using the information determined from steps a) to c)", allegedly being equivalent in scope to step (c) of Claim 19 of D0.
3.2 For Article 76(1) EPC, the question to be answered is whether or not a method as defined in Claim 1 as granted had been directly and unambiguously disclosed in the parent application as filed (D0).
Disclosure of D0
4. D0 discloses different groups of subject-matter (called aspects), whereby the grouping is based on the parameter used for monitoring and/or controlling the filtration system, in particular:
4.1 A first group (the first to third aspects according to D0; page 4, line 8 to page 7, line 3), corresponding to the methods defined in Claims 1, 5, and 6 of D0, relies on the feed fouling index (FFI) as the parameter to be determined (Claims 1 and 6) and used (Claim 5) for monitoring and controlling the filtering system. The FFI is calculated from the change in the resistance to flow of the feedstream across the filter, either as a function of the volume filtered or in terms of the trans-membrane pressure (TMP) drop, using the formulae given on pages 12 and 13 of D0, which include the one given for the resistance as defined in present Claim 1 (see point 3.1(b)(ii) above).
4.2 A second group (the fifth aspect according to D0; page 8, line 19 to page 9, line 4), corresponding to the method defined in Claim 25 of D0, relies on the backwash efficiency of the filtering system (page 8, lines 6 and 7, of D0). The backwash efficiency is calculated from the values of the resistance of the filter elements at predetermined times during the backwash cycle according to the formula given on page 17, lines 10-13, of D0, also shown in Figure 5.
4.3 A third group (the seventh aspect according to D0), corresponding to the method defined in Claim 19 of D0, relies on the sampling of system parameter values at selected locations within the filtration system at a predetermined sampling rate. Those values are then used to generate a parameter profile characteristic; the analysis of that profile characteristic is used to determine whether or not the system operates correctly. The analysis may include comparing the generated profile characteristic against a desired profile characteristic and identifying regions within the generated characteristic which diverge from the desired characteristic (D0, page 10, lines 3 to 5 and 14 to 16). The presence of a divergence indicates likely faults which may be corrected or circumvented so that the system operation can be returned to optimal (D0, page 10, lines 16-20). Thus, the third group neither relies on the feed fouling index (FFI) nor on the backwash efficiency. Instead, it relies on the analysis of the profile of several parameters (as shown in Figures 7 to 13 and the relevant detailed description thereof) for assessing any divergences caused by likely faults, such as during the backwash, which might hamper the functioning of the filtration system, as illustrated in Examples 1 to 3.
5. It follows from the foregoing analysis of D0 that the method of present Claim 1 as granted does not belong to any one of the groups or aspects mentioned in D0 but instead is a combination of features belonging to different embodiments of D0. This lack of literal disclosure is not in dispute. The dispute rather concerns the question of whether or not the combination of those features from different embodiments was allowable in view of the original disclosure. The appellants argued that such a combination was allowable because the different embodiments were only the consequence of an "American" drafting style of the claims and that their features could be combined and that step c) as granted was in fact a further specified step b). However, the amendments go beyond a mere combination of features or a further specification of the original steps.
5.1 Due to the deletion of step c) of Claim 19 of D0 (Point 3.1(a) supra) the analysis of the parameter profile characteristic is no longer required. That analysis may involve the comparison of a parameter profile generated in step b) and a desired profile, which comparison is, according to D0 (page 10, lines 3-5 and 14-22), necessary for identifying and analysing diverging regions in order to determine likely faults hampering the proper functioning of the installation. Since Claim 1 as granted no longer requires any analysis of the generated parameter profiles an essential aspect of the method of Claim 19 of D0 has been deleted.
5.2 The formula of present step c) of Claim 1 defining the resistance finds its basis on pages 12 and 13 of D0, where it is disclosed in the context for calculating the feed fouling index (FFI), which is the parameter to be determined and used according to the first group of embodiments (see point 4.1 above). Even if the now defined change in resistance were only in relation with two typically sampled system parameter values encompassed by step a) of Claim 1 as granted (or of Claim 19 of D0), i.e. pressure and flow, as alleged by the appellants, the determination of the change of resistance does not follow from the generation of a parameter profile characteristic as defined step b) of Claim 1 as granted, nor from a comparison with a desired profile (as step c) of Claim 19 has been deleted), but from a continuous or discontinuous measurement, by reading the cumulative volume of the feedstream passing through the filter over time or in terms of TMP (page 4, lines 19-22; page 6, lines 15-22). Since D0 does not disclose the determination of the change in resistance from the given formula in the context of its Claim 19, new step c) is foreign to the context of original Claim 19 of D0 and its introduction in Claim 1 extends beyond the content of D0.
5.3 Furthermore, whilst step c) of Claim 19 of D0 concerned the determination of the correct operation of the filtration system from the analysis of the parameter profile characteristic generated in step b), step d) according to Claim 1 as granted concerns the determination of the optimal operations of the filtration system using the information determined from steps a) to c). Thus, step d) of Claim 1 as granted concerns a different assessment of a different state of the filtration system (correct versus optimal operation), whereby "correct" implies that all items of equipment such as valves and measuring instruments are properly functioning and "optimum" implies that the system is set/maintained at optimum filtration capacity. Hence, step d) of Claim 1 as granted is not equivalent in scope to step c) of Claim 19 of D0, as argued by the appellants.
5.4 For the reasons indicated above, claim 1 as granted does not comply with Article 76(1) EPC.
Article 123(2) EPC
6. Since the requirements of Article 76(1) EPC are not met and the application leading to the patent in suit, as originally filed, contains the same information as D0 (see point 2.1 above), the requirements of Article 123(2) EPC are not fulfilled either.
7. Consequently, the Main Request is not allowable.
Auxiliary Requests
8. All of the auxiliary requests have a Claim 1 that contains a step c) identical to that of the Main Request, so that the same objections apply (see points 5.1 and 5.2 above).
8.1 Moreover, in Auxiliary Requests 1 to 3 (Point X, supra), in step d), the further feature "by analysing the resistance profile characteristic" has been added. However, that feature is not mentioned as such in D0, let alone within the context of Claim 19 of D0, nor is it clear that the graph of Figure 4 of D0, indicated by the appellants as the basis for the amendment, would refer to that context or that of present claim 1.
8.2 In Auxiliary Requests 4 and 5 (Point X, supra) in step d), the further feature "by analysing the resistance profile characteristic to determine correct operation of the filtration system" has been added, thus introducing the features of step c) of Claim 19 of D0 as a part of present step d). However, that combination, even if it were directly and unambiguously disclosed in D0, confuses the determination of optimal operations with that of determining correct operations, so that the claim lacks clarity (Article 84 EPC).
8.3 In Auxiliary Requests 6 and 7 (Point X, supra), in step d), the further feature "in dependence on the values of the feed fouling index calculated" has been added. The basis given for that amendment is step iii) of Claim 5 of D0, which however refers to the first group of embodiments, which relies on the feed fouling index (FFI). Therefore, that particular combination of features is not directly and unambiguously disclosed in D0 within the context of its Claim 19 (Article 76(1) and 123(2) EPC).
8.4 In view of the above, the Auxiliary Requests do not comply with the requirements of Articles 76(1) EPC, nor for the same reasons, with those of Article 123(2) EPC.
9. Since none of the requests fulfil the requirements of Article 76(1) and 123(2) EPC, the ground of opposition under 100(c) EPC prejudices the maintenance of the patent.


Took pool down as snow did it in and my boys are movin on!! Have all this equipment in very good shape. Will sell seperately or all as package. Was all part of a 18' round pool set up. All prices are firm because they are blowout prices!


Be the one who smiles through the tears, the one who grows stronger with each set back and becomes kinder with each loss.
Even the stars shine the brightest when darkness is all around.
This is so insightful and inspiring.
Joy, your description is one we all can take to the bank. We all need to find some brightness when others only see darkness.
Thank you for your kind words. Yes, there is always something good and beneficial with everything that happens.
Yes, so true. Thank you for taking the time to read my posts and to comment.
Very inspirational! Love the image!
The wisdom of a sage.
Thank you. The simplicity and depth of your posts id breathtaking.
Marinated in trouble and hardship we acquire a certain flavour which in turn enriches our life and all we come into contact with. Our lives, after we've overcome adversity, turn into this party we host, where we serve all sorts of 'exotic dishes', all that wisdom accrued.


text:
A "reasonably exhaustive search" in the genealogical lexicon means, generally, to look at everything that could reasonably answer a genealogy problem or question. That's a good approach, but sometimes "brute force," or looking at everything and anything works as well. And, "brute force" may give you answers to questions you did not even know you had.
My great-great-grandfather, Focke Goldenstein, was a German immigrant who originally settled in Illinois in the 1870s, homesteaded in Nebraska in the 1880s with his wife, Anna, and returned to Illinois in 1889. He was one of a number of immigrants from Ostfriesland who followed that same general path: immigrate and settle in Illinois and move to Nebraska.
Homesteading was limited to individuals who were United States citizens and immigrants would have to document their citizenship as a part of the homestead application process. This usually meant including copies of their declaration of intent (if they weren't completely naturalized when they applied for a homestead) or their final citizenship papers. Focke's homestead application included a copy of his naturalization which was completed in Knox County, Illinois, in the 1870s. His cousin, J. T. Ehmen was one of his witnesses. Focke lived in Adams County, Illinois, after he immigrated–he had married sisters who already lived in the area. He married an Adams County resident, Anna Dirks (a daughter of Ostfriesen immigrants), in 1881. His naturalization in Knox County–which is a distance from Adams County–had always slightly puzzled me.
I've been browsing homestead applications for other Ostfriesen immigrants to Nebraska–particularly ones who also initially settled in Adams County (and the adjacent Hancock County) who were either distant relatives or from the same village as my Ostfriesen immigrants. I discovered that Focke was not the only one who went to Adams County, Illinois, and naturalized in Knox County, Illinois, and had J. T. Ehmen as a witness to the naturalization. Looking at these homestead applications (which include a naturalization since the individuals in which I am interested were immigrants) has helped me to document where they lived before they homesteaded.
For years, I had initially thought that Goldenstein went to Knox County to naturalize because his cousin lived there, was established there and knew how to navigate the process. Those things may still be true. But since I have found others in the same area I'm starting to think that more may have been going on. Ehmen was known to have worked for the railroad and during this time period, Galesburg was a railroad hub and the railroad was (and still is) one of the largest employers in the area.
I'm wondering: did Ehmen get Goldenstein a job on the railroad in Galesburg? Did he help the others get jobs on the railroad in the 1870s?
More work to do and more questions to answer.
Given the way naturalization records are indexed (only the name of the subject being naturalized is indexed), there's no way to find Ehmen as a witness on naturalizations other than to perform a manual search of each record. That may consume more time than I am willing to spend. But pulling the homestead records of other members of the larger Ostfriesen immigrant community–focusing on those who originally settled where mine did or who were from those villages–may give me more information on which to formulate additional searches.
US Homestead Applications are online at Ancestry.com. The originals are at the National Archives. You'll have to draw the conclusions yourself. Just remember that there's more in these records than how many acres were under cultivation and the size of the family home.
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Avoiding a DNA Conclusion Jump →


The Waterfront Alliance of Williamsburg and Greenpoint passes along news that one of the most significant remaining set of historic industrial structures in North Brooklyn will be before the Landmarks Preservation Commission on Tuesday (4/17). Two buildings have already been demolished by developer Isaac Katan, as part of a development that will dramatically alter a building at 104 West Street. Among the buildings up for "calendaring" by the LPC are the iconic pencil building at 61 Greenpoint Ave. and the original pencil factory building at 37 Greenpoint Ave. Also included are the buildings at 58 and 59 Kent Street, and the building at 104 West Street. More details and a lot more photos, and a map over at the WPA's blog.


text:
Ambitious Three Year Development Strategy For Irish Seafood Industry
An ambitious development strategy for the Irish seafood sector has been unveiled. The three year strategy, drafted in consultation with the Irish seafood industry and entitled 'Delivering on the Potential of Irish Seafood 2010-2012', will be delivered by Bord Iascaigh Mhara (BIM), the Irish Sea Fisheries Board. The detailed plan sets out over 70 detailed actions under four key themes that underpin the opportunities for the Irish seafood sector including business development and innovation, knowledge and technology transfer, skills development and environment and sustainability.
The strategy is geared to improve the sector's performance during what is a difficult and challenging time for the Irish seafood sector and will assist industry through programmes of financial assistance, skills development, enhanced environmental compliance, product differentiation and labelling, new product development and innovation and improved commercial practices.
According to BIM, the prospects for seafood, both at a global and European level, are very favourable, especially in the medium to long term. With a growing world population, it is estimated that an additional 30 million tonnes of seafood will needed by 2030 to meet the increasing demand and this offers great potential and opportunity for Irish seafood companies.
Key Actions
Some of the key actions in the strategy aim to capitalise on this growth potential through greater access to routes to market. One such action is the facilitation of a seafood distribution hub at an appropriate location on the European mainland to enable seafood companies greater access to trade buyers and distribution links.
Pictured (left to right): Brendan Smith, TD, Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food; Jason Whooley, chief executive of BIM; Rose McHugh, chairman of BIM; and Donnachadh Walsh, project manager of De Brun Iasc Teo.
Greater differentiation of seafood is also a key priority for BIM to enable seafood producers to add value and identify their produce as Irish in origin in order to compete effectively against cheaper imported produce. BIM intends to achieve this through the widespread use of BIM's certified eco-labels. 100 vessels and 150 fish farms will be covered by environmental management systems by the end of 2012, this will mean that some 40,000 tonnes of Irish caught or farmed seafood will be produced in an environmentally friendly fashion. This differentiated of 40,000 tonnes of seafood will be worth approximately Eur120m.
Further market-led differentiation will be achieved through BIM's Seafood Development Centre, which will enable companies to produce new seafood products which meet the changing needs of consumer and trade customers. Another area that represents real potential is aquaculture. BIM intends increasing aquaculture production capacity by 10,000 tonnes worth an estimated Eur18m in new sales.
Other key targets to be achieved by 2012 include:
* The creation of 600 additional jobs across the Irish seafood sector,
* An additional Eur50 million in value added seafood sales,
* Delivery of 3,500 training places to the seafood sector, in over 30 coastal locations annually.
aquacultureBIMeco-labelsEuropeanfarmed seafoodIrish Sea Fisheries Boardseafoodstrategy
Actions to Stop the Decline of Pollinating Insects
Increase of Support to EU Vegetables Sector After E-Coli Crisis
Diageo Receives Approval to Become Sole Shareholder in Chinese Business


Polling experts are questioning a recent Human Rights Campaign survey that asked gays about the Employment Non-Discrimination Act.
The survey's results, circulated last month by HRC when many gays were locked in heated debate over the measure's lack of transgender protections, show most people who responded support the bill as written.
But John Stahura, who specializes in survey research and directs the Purdue University Social Research Institute, said the survey's methodology is problematic.
The temptation is to say, "Duh!" – and to say it loudly.
Of course, it really did make sense to anyone who was willing to acknowledge not only how morally bankrupt the well-monied gay rights industrial monolith actually is but the extent to which it will take that moral bankruptcy out of the field of theory and put it into action: It was pure fraud designed to coerce into an Oath o' Barney-Fealty just enough of a GLBT populace that actually did – and does – want trans-inclusion but also doesn't want the movement to implode if inclusion isn't possible.
Conning the people into accepting a fake reality….
That's never happened, has it?
[HRC communications director Brad] Luna said HRC is confident in the work that Knowledge Networks performs.
I bet he has "full confidence" in HRC's claims that it has helped 'educate' on trans issues.
Christopher Barron, a Washington political consultant Log Cabin's former political director, who is gay and does survey interpretation, agreed. He said the methodology, which he described as "bizarre," might not allow the results to be projected nationally.
Luna told the Blade this week that the survey is nationally representative.
Well, HRC says on the front page of its website that it is "working for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender equal rights," but that doesn't make it so.
Barron and Stahura, who reviewed a two-page memorandum and three data sets prepared by Knowledge Networks and provided to the Blade, also noted they could not determine whether the survey is scientific.
Both experts said that lingering question would preclude them from using the survey's findings in their work.
Never any intent to influence survey respondents?
Just when you think the Scampaign has set forth the most preposterous proposition that it possibly could….
This entry was posted on Wednesday, November 28th, 2007 at 4:46 pm and is filed under Human Rights Campaign.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
Ahem – just a bit different from the "Hail Mary Poll" pulled out at the last minute before the vote.


text:
Gender Issues in Latin...
Gender Issues in Latin America and Spain
Multidisciplinary Perspectives
Critical Studies of Latinxs in the Americas
Edited By Victoria Pérez-de-Guzmán, Encarna Bas-Peña and Margarita Machado-Casas
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights marked a fundamental milestone for the defense of equality between men and women. However, to this day, its development and implementation in everyday practices within diverse social, labor and educational environments remains to be seen. As education is the basis for the prevention of gender discrimination and violence, it is crucial that professionals in their respective fields are familiar with inclusiveness strategies in order to be able to integrate a gender perspective in their teaching.
In this bilingual volume, which includes contributions in both English and Spanish, researchers from Europe and the Americas come together to analyze and reflect on gender issues from a multidisciplinary perspective: from improving gender education in schools and universities, to tackling the gender pay gap and gender-based violence, and understanding the role of gender in both contemporary migratory processes and criminality. Learning from theory and practice is fundamental for paving the way to greater equality all around the world, as it is not enough being aware of the importance of gender equality and our right to it; rather, it is our actions that make it possible to enact change in situations in which inequality continues to manifest itself.


1: hook-arm garbage truck owners should regularly check the hydraulic system connector is no leakage of the phenomenon, the hydraulic tubing should also avoid other parts of the friction with the tires to prevent it from damaged air.
2: hook arm garbage truck in turn or turn around, do not kill the steering wheel, leaving it to ensure that the hydraulic steering system is in normal working condition.
3: hook-arm garbage truck owners should regularly check the steering hydraulic oil, such as the lack of timely to add, but also to clean the hydraulic oil cup and filter core, do so to prevent hydraulic oil is dirty or deterioration. In general we are advised to travel to 30,000 km on the replacement of a hydraulic oil.


Have you ever thought whether pedals that can be powered by 9v batteries were designed to sound the same regardless of how low the voltage drops in the battery?
Or how about that jice hot 'wall-wort' transformer you are using? Obviously, all pedals are designed and manufactured for ideal power situations, and therefore do not sound the same or as good when your power fluctuates or drops. Why not treat your pedals to pure, regulated 9v DC power for the whole show, or as long as you need? The Big John Power Supply can do just that seven outlets of regulated 9v DC power to keep your pedals performing just the way they were designed. Shipped with seven power cables, a sturdy steel housing and LED indicators for functions, the Big John Power Supply is just what the doctor ordered for your ailing power situation.


text:
Melanie Griffith
Soul Urge #11
" I don't think I'm beautiful. When I look in the mirror, I just see me - and, I'm pretty used to me."
Melanie Griffith is an American actress, best known for her acts in Brian De Palma's Body Double (1984), Something Wild (1986), and Working Girl (1988), which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress and won her a Golden Globe.
She was born on Friday August 9th 1957, in New York City, New York, United States.
Melanie Griffith is broad-minded, idealistic, and compassionate. She should obtain a wide education, especially in the arts. Griffith is highly creative. Many great artists are found under this number.
Melanie must come to truly understand life to be of greater service to society. She has a greater social role to play that will require a blend of the practical and the humanitarian. Melanie Griffith must have a keen sense of what will work, but at the same time directing those efforts toward some greater good.
Her challenge is to find a place for herself that has some direct benefit to others. The more Griffith can be of service to humanity, the greater will be her personal reward on all levels - from the material to the spiritual.
Melanie Griffith is socially oriented and has a gift of charm. She is well-liked and even admired by others. Melanie can relate to people in all walks of life. She has also a broad vision of the world and can see the grand scheme of things, including international politics and great social movements.
Melanie Griffith expresses her feelings well, but sometimes can be a bit dramatic. She has a strong interest in philosophy and metaphysics.
Nines tend to attract money from other sources, such as inheritance or a stroke of "luck". Also, there is an element of sacrifice in the number 9 that demands that Griffith learns forgiveness and unconditional love. She must avoid negative attachments. Melanie Griffith must not hold on to people or situations just because she feels that justice has not yet been done, or that someone still owes her something. Melanie Griffith's task in life is to truly let the universe judge such situations, and rely on her own forward-moving life path to bring her the necessities and rewards she deserve.
You and Melanie
About Melanie's Birthday number
Melanie's day of birth is one of her four core numbers - the Life Path, Expression, and Heart's Desire being the other three. It is the least significant of the four core numbers, but perhaps the most finite, in that it reveals a specific ability Melanie Griffith possesses in a marked degree.
Read more about our numerological interpretation of Melanie Griffith's birthday number . . .
Other celebrities with the birthday number 9 as Melanie Griffith
Michael Kors (1959)
A New York City-based American sportswear fashion designer who is the honorary chairman and chief creative officer for his company that sells women's and men's ready-to-wear, accessories, jewelry, footwear and fragrance
Khloé Kardashian (1984)
An American entrepreneur and television personality who have starred with her family since 2007 in the reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians, and now is involved in the retail and fashion industries with her sisters
Kate Middleton (1982)
The wife of Prince William who was in 2012 and 2013 by Time magazine as one of the "100 Most Influential People in the World", due to the impact she has upon British and American fashion, which has been termed the "Kate Middleton effect"
Lil Wayne (1982)
An American hip hop recording artist who joined at the age of 9 Cash Money Records as the youngest member of the label, and half of the duo The B.G.'z, and is one of the best-selling artists of all time selling over 100 million records worldwide
Kourtney Kardashian (1979)
An American television personality and model who is involved with her sisters Kim and Khloé in the retail and fashion industries, having launched several clothing collections and fragrances
Blake Shelton (1976)
An American country music singer and television personality who is also known for his role as a judge on the televised singing competitions Nashville Star, Clash of the Choirs, and The Voice
Mariah Carey (1970)
An American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress who was titled "songbird supreme" by the Guinness World Records, due to her five-octave vocal range, power, melismatic style and signature use of the whistle register
Anna Kendrick (1985)
An American actress and singer who rose to international fame after her performance as Natalie Keener in Up in the Air, for which she received Academy Award, BAFTA, Golden Globe, and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress
Zac Efron (1987)
An American actor, singer, and producer, best known for his leading role in the High School Musical franchise (2006–08), starring as Link Larkin in the musical film Hairspray (2007) and as the teen Mike O'Donnell in the comedy film 17 Again (2009)
Melanie Griffith Numerology -- Birthday Number 9 | © Copyright 2009-2022 Celebrities Galore and Master Numerologist Hans Decoz


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Q: Query a range of date Im trying to query a sort of from - to date.
e.g. 20-01-2010 to 20-02-2010. this should include the mentioned dates.
i've tried the following queries but none works.
select *
  from [tableName]
 where date >= '20-01-2010'
   AND date <= '20-02-2010'

but the date where date is equal to 20-02-2010 does not show. i don't know why.

select *
  from [tableName]
 where date between '20-01-2010'
            AND '20-02-2010'

the mentioned dates is not included in the results. i want it to be included in the results.
please help.
thanks in advance! :)

A: Be sure you don't have datetime values in your table where the time value is not 0. in that case none would be less or equal compared to the upper date you provide.

A: SELECT date
FROM  `test_table`
WHERE date >=  '2010-04-01'
AND date <=  '2010-04-30';

Actually works in mysql. Remember that the standard structure of a DATE type field is YYYY-MM-DD.

A: Thanks for all the replies.
I figured out the problem.
The reason why the query below doesn't work is because the value of the date field has hh:mm:ss since it's datetime. If you compare to ordinary date, the time part will be 0. That's why data w/ date '20-02-2010' doesn't show up in my result set since the data has hh:mm:ss not equal to '00:00:00.000'.
SELECT * FROM[tableName] WHERE date >= '20-01-2010' AND date <= '20-02-2010'

The query below works now. Just added a time parameter
SELECT* FROM [tableName] WHERE date >= '20-01-2010' AND date <= '20-02-2010 23:59:59.000'

cheers


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United African Organization condemns President Trump's derogatory remarks yesterday about Black immigrants from Africa and Haiti as shocking and shameful. Once again, refugees and immigrants are faced with an attack on our basic dignity.
For the past year, we have faced executive orders banning refugees and individuals from African and Muslim countries from entering the country. Many Africans coming into the USA were detained and, in many cases, sent back. We have seen the dismantling of the U.S. refugee program, the rescinding of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for hundreds of thousands Black and Brown immigrants terminated.
"Dismissing people from countries whose populations who are not white, as 'not welcome' is racist. Yesterday's remarks from the White House do not represent American values and disrespects the humanity of millions of people.
We Demand a Clean Dream Act that provides a pathway to legal status.
It is with dismay that we learn of United African Organization (UAO) Executive Director, Dr. Alie Kabba's arrest and detention by the Sierra Leone government for the third time in under 30 days.
Dr. Kabba, on a visit to Sierra Leone, was arrested a day after he gave an interview to the local Radio Democracy 98.1 FM station, during which he criticized the ruling government for corruption and nepotism.
We, as the largest African coalition in the United States, unequivocally condemn his arrest and call for his immediate unconditional release, acquittal and return back to the U.S.
It was the security man downstairs saying there was a delivery.
It was this delightful tray of fresh baked pastries and bite-size cookies from www.bakeforme.com .
who is our secret admirer?
Thank you for making our day!
Under the theme Black Lives Matter!, our 2015 African Youth Forum creates opportunities for cross-issue dialogue around topics like "Police Brutality and Racial Profiling", "Know Your Rights", "Hip-Hop Music & Culture", "What is Africa to me?" and "What does it mean to be Young and Black in Chicago?".
Illinois Governor Bruce Rauner's proposed $31.5 billion budget for the state's next fiscal year includes devastating cuts on the backs of our vulnerable and most disadvantaged residents. The governor proposed cuts include $82 Million reduction in community mental health services, increase in required co-pays for childcare services, in addition to the elimination of state funding for entire programs such as Immigrant Integration Services.
The Immigrant Services Line Item helps Illinois' immigrants apply to become U.S. citizens, provide health and nutrition outreach/access to low-income immigrants, helps refugees start new lives in Illinois, and support the integration of vulnerable members of immigrant communities.
Roughly sixty participants joined United African Organization staff and volunteers at the 2014 African Youth Forum. Focusing on issues such as youth violence and incarceration, immigration and education, this year's forum succeeded in raising awareness and inspiring youth participants to envision a better future for themselves and their community.
After School Matters instructor Vicki Casanova kicked off the festivities with a short interactive African dance presentation. With the help of students from the West Indian Folk Dance Company and After School Matters, Casanova got all of our youth participants up and moving to the beat of the shekeres and African drums.
Following the dance session, participants broke into two groups to discuss youth violence and incarceration, and immigration. VISTA member Jasmine Davis from First Defense Legal Aid led a "Know Your Rights" interactive session where she discussed basic legal rights and what to do and say if you are confronted by a police officer.
Meanwhile, UAO Executive Director Alie Kabba spoke to youth participants about current trends in African immigration to the US and the significance of immigration reform for the health and growth of the African community.
After enjoying a delicious spread courtesy of Yassa African Restaurant and Demera Ethiopian Restaurant, the forum wrapped up with an inspiring poetry reading from Spoken Word artist Tumelo Khoza followed by an education panel consisting of young African professionals. Members of the panel made clear the importance of a post-secondary degree in today's job market and the need to set both a short and long term plan to achieve your goals.
Our thanks to all those who helped make the 2014 African Youth Forum possible. We look forward seeing you all again next year!
To find more pictures from the 2014 UAO African Youth Forum, please visit our Facebook page.
You can talk to someone for free about your healthcare coverage options under the Affordable Care Act, aka, ObamaCare. UAO's specially trained counselors will talk to you face-to-face or over the phone, and help you find and apply for the right coverage for you and your family.


text:
Sport / Cricket
Ken Borland
Sports Journalist
Kohli wicket is key, says rising Proteas No 3 Petersen
The rookie South African batsman has been one of his team's star batters in the three-Test series.
Keegan Petersen of South Africa celebrates scoring a half century during day two of the third Test against India at Newlands on Wednesday. Picture: Grant Pitcher/Gallo Images
"In our minds we will be back in the game if we get Virat Kohli early tomorrow," Proteas batsman Keegan Petersen admitted on Wednesday after the Indian captain steered his team to 57/2 and a lead of 70 runs at stumps on the second day of the third Test at Newlands.
Having surrendered a 13-run first-innings lead despite Petersen's defiant career-best innings of 72, South Africa rocked the Indian second innings by removing both openers with just 24 runs on the board.
But Kohli (14*) and Cheteshwar Pujara (9*) then steadied the innings. The pair of experienced batsmen shared a first-innings stand of 62, Kohli going on to bat for four-and-a-half hours, scoring 79, and the Proteas know just how important it will be on Thursday morning to nip their current partnership of 33 in the bud.
ALSO READ: Five-star Bumrah puts India in charge of third Test against Proteas
"We're a bit behind the eight-ball and these two batsmen have been a bit of a headache for us," Petersen said. "Virat is one of the best batsmen in the world, he's shown that time and time again.
"If we can get him early then it will break open the game, in our minds we will be back in it. Taking a few early wickets on Thursday will be key."
Petersen initially struggled to establish himself in Test cricket, scoring just 76 runs in his first five innings, but he was not helped by having to come to the wicket with less than 10 runs on the board in all those knocks.
There was speculation that he should drop down the order in an effort to ease his passage into the international game, but he has now scored half-centuries in successive Tests in his beloved No 3 position.
"It has been a challenge, the most difficult attack I've ever faced, but I like batting at three, I've batted there for most of my career," Petersen said.
"It's been tough for the openers on the pitches we've played on, and Aiden Markram is just going through a rough patch, but he's a quality batsman who will pull through.
"But if I can make the No 3 position mine, I'd be very happy," Petersen added.
Scoring 162 runs in his last three innings there suggests he is well on course for that.
keegan petersen