text:
\section{Introduction}

One of the fundamental hypotheses of standard cosmology is that the physics laws are the same throughout the universe. However, in 1937, Dirac \cite{dirac}  argued that  the fundamental constants of Nature may not be pure constants but reflect the state of our Universe. This argument  led to the hypothesis of a possible space-time variation of fundamental constants. Since then, the Dirac's hypothesis has motivated several theoretical and experimental investigations (see e.g. \cite{uzan2003,uzanconst,martinsrev}). Particularly, according to the general relativity theory (GR), a variation of fundamental constants is prohibited because it would violate the Einstein's equivalence principle. Moreover, a variation of a fundamental constant in space and/or time would indicate the existence of a coupling between matter and an almost massless field \cite{uzan2003}. In other words, detecting any variation of the fundamental constants would also indicate the need for new physics.

In the gravitational sector,  many grand-unification theories predict  that the gravitational constant  $G$ is a slowly varying function of low-mass dynamical scalar fields \cite{uzan2003,uzanconst}. The Lunar Laser Ranging experiments have provided  an upper bound, such as  $\dot{G}/G = (0.2 \pm 0.7) \times 10^{-12}$ per year, via the Earth-Moon system \cite{jmuler} (other weaker constrains can also be obtained from cosmological data \cite{berro,ooba,mosquerabbn}). In the electromagnetic sector, some string theory models at low energy predict the existence of the dilaton field, a scalar partner of the spin$-2$ graviton. In \cite{dpva,dpva2} it was argued that the runaway of the dilaton field towards strong coupling may yield variations of the fine structure constant $\alpha=e^2/c\hbar\approx 1/137$, where $e$ is the unit electron charge, and $\hbar$ and $c$ are the reduced Planck's constant ($h/2\pi$) and the speed of light, respectively.
Moreover, few years ago, there was a controversial debate among some authors  claiming for a varying fine structure constant in the redshift  range $0.5 < z < 3.5$ \cite{murphy1,murphy2} (by using high-redshift quasar absorption systems observed by Keck/HIRES and VLT/UVES) while  other authors challenged these results by exploring the instrumental systematic errors of the VLT/UVES \cite{brian}. It was then shown that there seems to be no evidence for a space or time variation in $\alpha$ from quasar data. In table I of \cite{martinsrev} it is shown the current estimates based on absorption systems and the weighted mean of these estimates is $\Delta \alpha/\alpha=-0.64 \pm 0.65$ parts per million (ppm).

The fine structure constant  is also predicted to vary in a class of modified gravity theories that explicitly breaks the Einstein equivalence principle in the electromagnetic sector (\cite{hees2,minazzoli,hees3}). This class of theories has a non minimal multiplicative coupling between the usual electromagnetic part of matter fields and a new scalar field which leads to variations of $\alpha$ (see details in \cite{damourpol,overduin,bknst,dinef,brax,hargo}). In this case, the entire electromagnetic sector is affected, leading to a non conservation of photon number and a consequent modification in the luminosity distance of a given source. Actually, in this class of modified gravity theories not only variations of the $\alpha$ may be present e.g. $\alpha(z)=\alpha_0\phi(z)$, where $\alpha_0$ is the current value, but also deviations from the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) validity $D_L(1+z)^{-2}/D_A=\eta$, where $D_L$ and $D_A$ are, respectively, the luminosity and diameter angular distances, and $\eta$ is different from the unity. In this context, Refs.~\cite{hees2,minazzoli,hees3} obtained the relation $\phi(z)=\eta(z)^2$.  Several works have been proposed in order to access a possible deviation from Einstein equivalence principle by using cosmological data, such as: type Ia supernovae, gas mass fraction of galaxy clusters, angular diameter distance of galaxy clusters, $T_{CMB}(z)$ measurements \cite{hol11,hol22,hol33,hol44}. No significant deviation from GR was found although the results do not completely rule out the models under question.

On the other hand, constraints on the variation of $\alpha$ in the early universe have also been investigated by using the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data (see \cite{obryan,planck}) and the abundance of the light elements emerged during the Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) \cite{mosquerabbn}. Considering a flat $\Lambda$CDM model, with an almost scale-invariant power spectrum and purely adiabatic initial conditions without primordial gravity waves, the {Planck} Collaboration {  (based on 2013 data)} found $\Delta \alpha /\alpha \approx 10^{-3}$ \cite{planck}. As one may check (see Figs. 5 and 6 of  \cite{planck}), such limit is weakened by opening up the parameter space to variations of the number of relativistic species or the helium abundance (see also \cite{litium} for a investigation of the lithium abundance problem in BBN scenarios with a varying $\alpha$). Moreover,  the value of the Hubble constant shifts to $H_0=65.1 \pm 1.8$ km/s/Mpc if $\alpha$ is allowed to vary, which exacerbates the tension with the value of the Hubble constant measured recently, $H_0=73.45 \pm 1.66$ km/s/Mpc,  using cepheids and low-$z$ type Ia supernovae~\cite{riess}.  {  More recently, by using the Planck 2015 data, \cite{Hart2018} put  limits on  a possible variation of  $\alpha$  and the electron mass, $m_e$, obtaining: $1+\Delta\alpha/\alpha=0.9993 \pm 0.0025$, $1+\Delta m_e/m_e=0.962^{+0.044}_{-0.074}$ and $H_0=60^{+7}_{-16}$km/s/Mpc. By adding BAO data, the results  became: $1+\Delta\alpha/\alpha=0.9989 \pm 0.0026$, $1+\Delta m_e/m_e=1.0056\pm 0.0080$ and $H_0=68\pm 1.3$ km/s/Mpc. The authors also investigated a possible  redshift-dependent variation, such as $\alpha_{EM}(z) = \alpha_{EM}(z_0) [(1 + z)/1100]^p$ with $\alpha_{EM}(z_0)$ at $z_0=1100$. They obtained $\alpha_{EM}(z)/\alpha_{EM}(z=0) = 0.9998 \pm 0.0036$, $p = 0.0006 \pm 0.0036$ and $H_0=67.3 \pm 1.4$ km/s/Mpc by using only CMB data.} These results make clear the importance of investigating possible variations of $\alpha$ from different astrophysical and cosmological data\footnote{There are also local methods testing possible variation of $\alpha$, such as: the Oklo natural nuclear reactor and the laboratory measurements of atomic clocks with different atomic numbers, which furnishes the most restrictive limit, $\Delta \alpha/\alpha \approx 10^{-17}$,  independent of any assumptions about the constancy or variations of other constants \cite{LE,LE2,LE3,LE4}.}.

In recent works, a class of string-inspired models, the so-called runaway dilaton scenario, has been tested with cosmological data. As mentioned earlier,  the runaway of the dilaton towards strong coupling may yield a time variation  of the fine structure constant. For this  scenario, a possible evolution for low and intermediate redshifts is given by
$\Delta \alpha/\alpha (z) \approx -\frac{1}{40}\beta_{had,0}\phi^{'}_{0} \ln (1+z) \approx -\gamma\ln (1+z)$,
where $\beta_{had,0}$  is the current value of the coupling between the dilaton and hadronic matter and $\phi^{'}_{0}$ is ${\partial \phi}/{\partial \ln (a)}$ at the present time. Some recent constraints on $\gamma$ were obtained using recent galaxy clusters observations. For instance,  in~\cite{hol1} it was proposed a new method  using exclusively  galaxy cluster gas mass fraction measurements (see also \cite{hol2,hol3}).
Possible spatial variations of the fine structure constant from galaxy cluster data were also analysed in the Ref.\cite{martino}. {  A detailed discussion about the effects of a spatial variation of  $\alpha$ on the CMB spectrum can be found in the \cite{Smith2018}.}

In \cite{galli} it was  proposed a test to search for a spatial variation of $\alpha$  using Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) and X-ray observations through the  $Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}/C_{XZS}Y_X$ ratio, which it is expected to be constant with redshift.  In this ratio, $Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}$ is the integrated comptonization parameter  of a galaxy cluster obtained via the SZ effect  observations multiplied by its angular diameter distance, $D_A$,  the $Y_X$ parameter is the  X-ray counterpart and $C_{XSZ}$ is a constant. As shown, if $\alpha(z)=\alpha_0 \phi(z)$, this ratio becomes $Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}/C_{XSZ}Y_X = \mbox{C}  \phi(z)^{3.5}$, where $\mbox{C}$ is a new constant.

The analysis of \cite{galli} did not take into account a possible departure from the CDDR, which was assumed as valid to obtain the $Y_X$ parameter.  However, as shown in \cite{hees2,minazzoli,hees3}, for some class of models a variation of $\alpha$  necessarily leads to a violation of the CDDR. In this paper, we extend the  method proposed in \cite{galli} by taking into account the effect of a departure from  the CDDR on $Y_X$ observations. It is shown that, if $\alpha(z)=\alpha_0 \phi(z)$ and $D_L=\eta(z)D_A(1+z)^2$,  the  $Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}/C_{XSZ}Y_X$ ratio depends on both $\phi(z)$ and $\eta(z)$ as $Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}/C_{XSZ}Y_X = \mbox{C} \phi(z)^{3.5}\eta(z)^{-1}$.  By considering the  class of modified gravity theories explored in \cite{hees2,minazzoli,hees3},  we also find that the above relation is rewritten as  $Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}/C_{XSZ}Y_X = \mbox{C} \phi(z)^3$. We use this new expression  along with 61 galaxy cluster data  taken from \cite{Planck2011} to investigate constraints on the variation of $\alpha$.  Our results show no significant evidence for $\alpha \neq 0$, which is in full agreement with other analyses using quasar and different galaxy cluster observations. Moreover,  the result obtained for the constant $\mbox{C}$ is compatible within 2$\sigma$ (C.L.) with the assumption of isothermality for the temperature profile of the galaxy clusters used in our analysis.

\section{Methodology}

The scaling-relations in galaxy clusters result from the hierarchical structure formation theory  when gravity is the dominant process. For this case, self-similar models predict simple scaling relations between basic galaxy cluster properties and the total mass (see details in \cite{kaiser}). In this paper, we are interested in the scaling-relation involving the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect and X-ray surface brightness, i.e., $Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}/C_{XSZ}Y_X = \mbox{constant (C)}$, more precisely, in its dependence on the $\alpha$ and $\eta$. In what follows, we will discuss this relation in more details.

As is well known, the distortion caused in the CMB spectrum  by the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect is proportional to the Compton parameter $y$, which quantifies the gas pressure of the intracluster medium integrated along the line of sight \cite{sze1,birk,carls}, i.e.,
\begin{equation}
y=\frac{\sigma_Tk_B}{m_ec^2} \int n_e T dl,
\end{equation}
where $m_e$ is the electron mass, $n_e$ is the electron number density and  $T$ is the electron temperature. The quantity $\sigma_T$ is the Thompson cross section, which can be written in terms of the fine structure  constant as
\begin{equation}
\sigma_T = \frac{8\pi}{3} \Bigg( \frac{e^2}{m_ec^2} \Bigg)^2 =  \frac{8\pi}{3} \Bigg( \frac{\hbar^2 \alpha^2}{m_{e}^{2}c^2} \Bigg).
\end{equation}
By integrating it over the solid angle of a galaxy cluster $(d\Omega = dA/D_{A}^2$), it is possible to obtain the integrated Compton parameter $Y_{SZ}$:
\begin{equation} \label{ysz}
Y_{SZ} \equiv \int_{\Omega} yd\Omega,
\end{equation}
or, equivalently,
\begin{equation} \label{ysz}
Y_{SZ}D^2_A \equiv \frac{\sigma_T}{m_ec^2} \int P dV,
\end{equation}
where $P=n_eK_BT$ is the integrated thermal pressure of the intracluster gas along the line of sight. Here,  it is possible to see that $Y_{SZ} D_{A}^{2}$ has a dependency on the fine structure constant through the Thompson cross section as \cite{galli}:
\begin{equation} \label{ysz2}
Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2} \propto \alpha^2.
\end{equation}
If $\alpha(z)=\alpha_0\phi(z)$, being $\alpha_0$ the present value of $\alpha$, one may show that:
\begin{equation}
\label{ysz2}
Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2} \propto \phi(z)^2.
\end{equation}

Another quantity of interest to our work, obtained via X-ray surface brightness observations, is the $Y_X$ parameter, defined as:
\begin{equation}
\label{yx}
Y_X = M_g(R)T_X,
\end{equation}
where $T_X$ is the spectroscopically determined X-ray temperature  and $M_g(R)=\mu_em_p\int n_e dV$  is the gas mass within the radius $R$, $\mu_e$ corresponds to the mean molecular weight of electrons and $m_p$ stands for the proton mass. The essential quantity here is $M_g(R)$, which can be written in terms of the fine structure constant as (see e.g. \cite{galli,sasaki} for details):
\begin{eqnarray} \label{mgas}
  M_g(<R) = \alpha^{-3/2} \Bigg(  \frac{3 \pi m_e}{2(1+X) \hbar^2 c} \Bigg)^{1/2} \Bigg( \frac{3m_ec^2}{2\pi k_BT_e} \Bigg) \nonumber \\
 \times  m_H \frac{r_{c}^{3/2}}{(g_B(T_e))^{1/2}} \left[ \frac{I_M(R/r_c, \beta)}{I_{L}^{1/2} (R/r_c, \beta)} \right] L_{X}^{1/2}(<R),
\end{eqnarray}
where $L_X(<R)$ is the X-ray total luminosity, $m_H$ is the hydrogen mass, $X$ is the hydrogen mass fraction, $r_c$ stands for the core radius  and
\begin{eqnarray}
I_M(R/r_c, \beta) &\equiv & \int_{0}^{R/r_c} (1+x^2)^{-3\beta /2} x^2dx \nonumber \\
I_L(R/r_c, \beta) &\equiv & \int_{0}^{R/r_c} (1+x^2)^{-3\beta} x^2dx.\nonumber \\
\end{eqnarray}
However $L_X(<R)$, $r_c$ and $R$ are not observed directly, but depend on the use of a cosmological model as \cite{sasaki}:
\begin{eqnarray}
L_X(<R) &=& 4\pi [D_L(z;\Omega_i ,H_0)]^2f_X(<\theta), \\
r_c &=& \theta_c D_A(z;\Omega_i ,H_0), \\
R &=& \theta D_A(z;\Omega_i ,H_0),
\end{eqnarray}
where $f_X(<\theta)$ is the total bolometric flux within the outer angular radius $\theta$ ($\theta=r/D_A$), $\theta_c$ is the angular core radius, $\Omega_i$ stands for the energy density parameters of the assumed cosmological scenario and $H_0$ is the current value of the expansion rate. From these expressions, one may see that the gas mass may be written as \cite{holandagon}:
\begin{equation}
M_g(<\theta) \propto \phi(z)^{-3/2} D_LD_{A}^{3/2}.
\end{equation}
Then, it is worthwhile to emphasize that besides the fine structure constant,  $M_g(R)$ also depends on the validity of the CDDR, $D_L=(1+z)^2D_A$. Besides, a variation of $\alpha$ leads to a violation of the CDDR, as shown in \cite{hees2}. Thus, if one considers any departure from this latter as, for instance,  $D_L=\eta(z)(1+z)^2D_A$,  $M_g(R)$ and, consequently, $Y_X$, will depend on $\phi(z)$ and $\eta(z)$ as:
\begin{equation}
Y_X \propto M_g(<\theta) \propto \phi(z)^{-3/2} \eta(z).
\end{equation}

\section{Theoretical Model}

As commented earlier, the authors of Refs. \cite{hees2,minazzoli,hees3}  investigated cosmological signatures  of modified gravity theories when there is the presence of a scalar field with a non minimal multiplicative coupling to the electromagnetic Lagrangian (see also \cite{brans,damour,damour3,fujii,laur}). In this context,  the entire electromagnetic sector is affected and $\alpha(z)$ and $\eta(z)$ are intimately and unequivocally linked by:
\begin{equation}
\frac{\Delta \alpha}{\alpha}(z) \equiv \frac{\alpha (z)-\alpha_0}{\alpha_0}=\phi(z) -1= \eta(z)^2 -1.
\end{equation}
Then, the equations (6) and (14) depend on $\phi(z)$  as:
\begin{eqnarray} \label{YXYSZ}
Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2} (z) &\propto & \phi^{2} \\
Y_X &\propto & \phi^{-1}.
\end{eqnarray}
The above result is different from the one obtained in~\cite{galli}, i.e., $Y_X \propto \phi(z)^{-3/2}$, in which the dependence of $Y_X$ on the CDDR was not considered.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=3.5in, height=2.7in
{fig1.eps}
\caption{The observed $Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}/Y_XC_{XSZ}$ ratio for the galaxy cluster sample~\cite{Planck2011} used in  our analysis.}
\end{figure}

The method proposed in~\cite{galli} was based on the $Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}/C_{XSZ}Y_X$ quantity, which may be written as:
\begin{equation}
\frac{Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}}{Y_X} = C_{XSZ} \frac{\int n_e(r)T(r)dV}{T(R)\int n_e(r)dV},
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
C_{XSZ} = \frac{\sigma_T}{m_ec^2} \frac{1}{\mu_em_p} \approx 1.416 .10^{-19} \frac{{\rm{Mpc}}^2}{M_{\odot}{\rm{keV}}} .
\end{equation}
As one may see,  $Y_{SZ}$ and $Y_X$ are approximations of the thermal energy of the cluster. From numerical simulations and current observations \cite{Kravtsov,Stanek,Fabjan,Kay,Bohringer,Nagai} this ratio is expected to be  constant with redshift since $Y_{SZ}D^2$ and $Y_X$ are expected to scale in the same way with mass and redshift as power-laws. Moreover, if galaxy clusters are isothermal or have a universal temperature profile, this ratio would be exactly  constant with redshift and equal to unity. Actually, numerical simulations have shown that this ratio has small scatter, at the level of $\approx 15\%$ \cite{Stanek,Fabjan,Kay}.

In this paper,
we use the $Y_{SZ}D_A^2/Y_XC_{XSZ}$ ratio as well as Eq. (14) to performed a robust analysis and obtain bounds on a possible $\alpha$ variation, assuming $\alpha(z)=\alpha_0\phi(z)$, i.e.
\begin{equation}
\frac{Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}}{Y_X C_{XSZ}} = C\phi^3,
\end{equation}
where $\mbox{C}$ is a constant to be determined.

We are interested in a possible $\alpha$ variation as predicted by a class of dilaton runaway models \cite{dpva,dpva2,martinsplb}.
For this model,  the evolution of $\alpha$ at low and intermediate  redshifts can be approximated by the linear relation
\begin{equation}
\label{useful}
\frac{\Delta \alpha}{\alpha} \approx -\frac{1}{40}\beta_{0,had}\Phi_{0}^{'}\ln{(1+z)} \approx -\gamma \ln{(1+z)},
\end{equation}
where $\gamma \equiv \frac{1}{40}\beta_{0,had}\Phi_{0}^{'}$ contains all the relevant physical information: $\Phi_{0}^{'} \equiv \frac{\partial \Phi}{\partial \ln{a}}$ is the present scalar field velocity and $\beta_{0,had}$ is the current value of the coupling between the dilaton and hadronic matter~\cite{hees2,minazzoli,hees3}.
Since we have considered $\alpha(z)=\alpha_0\phi(z)$, the quantity of interest is (see also \cite{hol1,hol2,hol3})
\begin{equation}
\phi(z)=1-\gamma \ln(1+z)\;.
\end{equation}

\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics[width=2.3in, height=2.4in
{fig22.eps}
\includegraphics[width=2.3in, height=2.4in
{fig33.eps}
\includegraphics[width=2.3in, height=2.4in
{fig44.eps}
\caption{{\it{a)}} Contours of 1$\sigma$ (blue region) and 2$\sigma$ (red region)  on the $\gamma - {\rm{C}}$ plane. The white star corresponds to the pair of points $\gamma=0$ and $\mbox{C=1}$, which represents  $\alpha=\alpha_0$ and the isothermality assumption, respectively. {\it{b \rm{and} c)}} Likelihood of $\gamma$ and $\mbox{C}$ parameters, respectively.}
\end{figure*}

\begin{table*}
\centering
	\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline
	\hline
Data set & Reference & Profile & $\gamma $ \\ \hline
Only Gas Mass Fractions & \cite{hol1}  & Non-Isothermal double $\beta$-Model & $+0.065 \pm 0.095$ \\\hline
Angular Diameter Distance plus SNe Ia& \cite{hol2} & Isothermal Ellipyical $\beta$-Model & $-0.037 \pm 0.157$\\\hline
Gas Mass Fractions plus SNe Ia & \cite{hol3} & Universal Pressure Profile & $+0.008\pm 0.035$\\
Gas Mass Fractions plus SNe Ia & \cite{hol3} & Virialized ideal gas & $+0.018\pm 0.032$\\
Gas Mass Fractions plus SNe Ia & \cite{hol3} & Non-thermal Pressure and Adiabatic Model & $+0.010 \pm 0.030$\\
Gas Mass Fractions plus SNe Ia & \cite{hol3} & Mass Dynamical Estimate from Galaxy Velocity Dispersions & $+0.030\pm 0.033$ \\ \hline
$Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}/Y_X$ scaling-relation & This paper & Universal pressure profile  &  $-0.15\pm 0.10$\\
\hline
\hline
	\end{tabular}

	\caption{A summary of the current constraints on the fine structure constant for a class of dilaton runaway models ($\phi = 1-\gamma \ln{(1+z)}$). }
\end{table*}

\section{Galaxy cluster sample}

In our analysis, we use 61 $Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}/Y_X$ measurements of nearby galaxy clusters ($z \leq 0.5$) (see Fig.1). The SZ effect measurements in the direction of these galaxy clusters were detected with high signal-to-noise  ($S/N \geq 6$) in the first Planck all-sky data set \cite{Planck2011}. Nine frequency bands covering 30-857 GHz were observed. On the other hand, their $Y_X$ quantity were obtained with the deep XMM-Newton X-ray data \cite{piffaretti}. The $Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}/C_{XSZ}Y_X$ ratio was obtained for each galaxy cluster considering the $R_{500}$, the radius corresponding to a total density contrast $500 \times  \rho_c(z)$, where $\rho_c(z)$ is the critical density of the Universe at the cluster redshift (see Table I of Ref. \cite{Planck2011}). The thermal pressure ($P$) of the intracluster medium for each galaxy cluster was modelled by using the universal pressure profile \cite{arnaud} and the objects range over approximately a decade in mass, i.e., $M_{500} \approx 2 - 20 \times 10^{14}$ solar masses. {  As emphasised in \cite{galli}, observations of a larger sample of galaxy clusters in the X-ray band will be required to properly characterize the Planck galaxy clusters, particularly what concerns the study the intrinsic scatter, Malmquist bias and possible systematics. It is worth to comment that by considering a possible departure from the self-similar evolution for the galaxy clusters in the sample,  the authors of \cite{Planck2011} added a conservative error to the uncertainty of the observational quantities used here in order to minimize the effects of the isothermal assumption.}

It is important to emphasize that modifications of gravity via the presence of a scalar field with a multiplicative coupling to the electromagnetic Lagrangian also cause modifications on the CMB temperature law, such as: $T_{CMB}(z)=T_{0CMB}(1+z)\left[1+0.12\frac{\Delta \alpha}{\alpha}\right]$ (if $\Delta \alpha/\alpha=0$ the standard result is obtained). At the same time, the SZ effect is redshift independent only if $T_{CMB}(z)=T_{0CMB}(1+z)$. Then, the $Y_{SZ}$ value  of a cluster (which it is  proportional to the flux of the SZ signal) may also be affected by departures of the standard CMB temperature law. In this line, recent analyses have tested the standard  CMB temperature evolution law through different techniques by using the expression: $T_{CMB}(z) = T_{CMB}(z = 0)(1 + z)^{1-\beta}$.  All analyses have confirmed $\beta \approx 0$ within 1$\sigma$ c.l. \cite{batisteli,avgoustidis,Lima,Horellou,noter}. Ref.~\cite{noter}, for instance, obtained $\beta = -0.007\pm 0.027$ at 1$\sigma$ by using SZ effect observations and carbon monoxide excitation at high-$z$. By using 2015 Planck data and BAO, the Ref.\cite{Planck2015} obtained $\beta = 0.0004\pm 0.0011$ at 1$\sigma$  In our work we do not consider this possible effect on  $Y_{SZ}$.

\section{Analysis and results}

The constraints on  $\gamma$ are obtained  via Eqs. (21) and (22)  by evaluating the likelihood distribution function, ${\cal{L}} \propto e^{-\chi^{2}/2}$, with
\begin{eqnarray}
\chi^{2}=
\sum_{i=1}^{61}{ \left[\Bigg(  \frac{\phi_{obs,i} - C(1-\gamma \ln{(1+z_i)})^3}{\sigma_i}  \Bigg)^2  \right]}\;,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\phi_{obs,i} $ is given by
\begin{equation}
\phi_{obs,i} = \frac{Y_{SZ,i}D_{A}^{2}}{Y_{X,i}C_{XSZ}}\;,
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\sigma_i = \left[  \Bigg( \frac{\sigma_{Y_{SZ,i}D_{A}^{2}}}{Y_{X,i}C_{XSZ}} \Bigg)^2 +  \Bigg( \frac{\sigma_{Y_{X,i} Y_{SZ,i}D_{A}^{2}}}{Y_{X,i}C_{XSZ}} \Bigg)^2  + \sigma_{int}^{2} \right]^{1/2} \;,
\end{equation}
is the total uncertainty inherited from the parameters $Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}$ and $Y_X$.  Following \cite{galli}, a $\sigma_{int}=0.17$ term is added quadratically in order to take into account a possible presence of some unknown intrinsic scatter.

The results are shown in Fig. 2. From our analysis, we find $\gamma = -0.15 \pm 0.17$ and ${\rm{C}} = 0.88^{+0.08}_{-0.08}$ at 1$\sigma$ with the reduced $\chi^2 \simeq1.2$. The white star in Panel 2a corresponds to the pair of points $\gamma=0$ and ${\rm{C}}=1$, which represents  $\alpha=\alpha_0$ and the isothermality assumption, respectively. As one may see, it lies within 2$\sigma$ level (red region).

Marginalizing over the remaining parameter, we also obtain $\gamma = -0.15^{+0.10 + 0.21}_{-0.10 - 0.21}$ (Panel 2b)  and ${\rm{C}} = 0.89^{+0.05 + 0.11}_{-0.05 - 0.10}$ (Panel 2c) at $1\sigma$ and $2\sigma$. As one may see, our results show no significant evidence for $\gamma \neq 0$.  Moreover,  since ${\rm{C}}=1$ at 2$\sigma$, one may also conclude that the galaxy cluster sample used in our analysis  are approximately well described by an isothermal  temperature profile. For comparison, we also perform our analysis using the $D_A^2$ term for each galaxy cluster considering a flat $\Lambda$CDM model with $\Omega_M=0.315\pm 0.007$~\cite{Planck2018} and  $H_0=73.45 \pm 1.66$ km/s/Mpc~\cite{riess}. The results are not significantly modified. {  We also perform an analysis without adding the $\sigma_{int}=0.17$ term and obtain: $\gamma = -0.10^{+0.08}_{-0.09}$ (1$\sigma$)   and ${\rm{C}} = 0.89^{+0.04}_{-0.04}$ (1$\sigma$), with $\chi^2_{red} \simeq 3.2$. }

 In Table I,  bounds on $\gamma$ derived in this paper along with other recent constraints obtained from different observables are shown. As one may see, our results are in full agreement with  the previous ones and indicate no significant variation of the fine structure constant $\alpha$.

\section{Conclusions}

In this paper, we discussed a method to constrain a possible variation of the fine structure constant using the scaling relation $Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}/C_{XSZ}Y_X$ from galaxy cluster observations. This ratio, which is expected  to be constant with redshift from numerical simulations and current observations, is shown to depend not  only on the fine structure constant, but also on the cosmic distance duality relation validity, $D_L=(1+z)^2D_A$. Considering $\alpha(z)=\alpha_0\phi(z)$ and $D_L=\eta(z)(1+z)^2D_A$, we obtained $Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}/C_{XSZ}Y_X = C \phi^{3.5} \eta^{-1}(z)$.

By using  a relation between $\eta(z)$ and $\phi(z)$ derived for a class of modified gravity theories that breaks the Einstein's equivalence principle, i.e., $\eta(z)^2=\phi(z)$, bounds on the $\alpha(z)$ variation and $\rm{C}$ were obtained considering a class of runaway dilaton models, where $\phi(z)=1-\gamma \ln(1+z)$.  We used 61 $Y_{SZ}D_{A}^{2}/C_{XSZ}Y_X$ measurements reported by the Planck collaboration and found no significant indication for a variation of $\alpha$. The constant $\rm{C}$ was found to be compatible with the unity at $2\sigma$ level {  ( ${\rm{C}} = 0.89^{+0.05 + 0.11}_{-0.05 - 0.10}$)}, indicating that the clusters of the sample used  are approximately well described by an  isothermal  temperature profile. For completeness, we also performed our analysis using an angular distance, $D_A^2$, for each galaxy cluster derived from the current concordance $\Lambda$CDM model and found that the results remain practically unaltered.

Although not yet competitive with limits from quasar absorption systems, the constraints derived here provide an independent bounds on a possible  $\alpha$  variation at low and intermediate redshifts. We expect, however, that with an improved modelling of the physics of the cluster gas and larger galaxy cluster samples -- from planned surveys (e.g., eROSITA \cite{erosita}) --  the method presented here may be useful to test a possible $\alpha$ variation with smaller statistical errors  as well as to explore  assumptions on the universality of temperature profiles of galaxy clusters.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
LRC acknowledges financial support from CAPES, RFLH acknowledges financial support from CNPq/Brazil (No. 303734/2014-0) and RS acknowledges CNPq for financial support. J. Alcaniz acknowledges support from CNPq (Grants no. 310790/2014-0 and 400471/2014-0) and FAPERJ (grant no. 233906).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


We thank you, Anam Cara. – My thoughts on a page.
Last Friday I was invited to a special lunch with a group of close friends. I always look forward to this occasion as it's a fun afternoon of wonderful food and plenty of wine. Put in the mix the chat and company of good friends and what's not to enjoy?
However, this was no ordinary lunch.
This is a lunch for an extraordinary group called Anam Cara (the Irish for friend of my soul, or heart), a group I hope never to be a part of, as each member of this group has lost a child.
This special lunch is held once a year as a fundraiser for the support work they do. Reaching out to parents in their darkest days, as well as providing information to friends, family and even companies, on how best to care for and support those who are living and working with them after such an enormous loss.
Each year one brave parent stands up and shares with the room their story. Last year it was my own great friend, who spoke of Daniel. This year another mother shared her story.
This lady and her husband had wanted children for many years only to discover, when they had nearly given up, that they were expecting. It was a little boy and he became everything they could ever have wanted or wished for, bringing a huge amount of joy into their lives.
Unfortunately, in 2014, aged seven, he was killed in an accident.
Thrown into the darkest of days they searched for help. Friends tried, but they could never understand what his parents were feeling. His mother spoke of her enormous pain and loss, searching for answers in bereavement books. These books, she felt, spoke all too often of God or faith pulling them through. Something she could not accept.
In desperation she turned to Google and came across Anam Cara. She contacted them and almost immediately felt understood. Here were others who shared her pain and who had survived. Now she had hope.
It's difficult to describe what it feels like to sit in a room knowing so many have felt this pain. To eat lunch beside friends who have had this unimaginable tragedy in their lives. To listen as they recall stories of their handsome boy, his sporting prowess, his incredible love of life and the mischief he put into every day, and to know their pain is as real today as the moment they lost him.
It is impossible, despite the light hearted atmosphere, not to pause for a moment and secretly applaud those gathered at every table, who behind the smiles and laughter are parents who have lost a much loved child, and in some cases more than one. For here they were, raising funds to help others and giving back.
It is ten years since Sharon Vard and her husband began this charity, after the loss of their daughter Rachel aged five in 2004. Since then they have reached out to almost 10,000 parents among them my friend, Daniel's mother.
They gave her what we could not… hope.
I salute you Anam Cara, your amazing founder Sharon Vard and all the incredible volunteers. You have made a difference to so many lives and are an inspiration to us all.
Indeed Beth. Each one deserves an award.
Invaluable work. And life changing. Amazing to see the strength in some people.


For inquiries on specific dates or fees for Doraville Facilities, please contact Jennifer Downer at (470) 294-2486 or jennifer.downer@doravillega.us.
Please Note: All requests for reservation of recreation center, parks, park pavilions, and civic center shall be made to the Doraville Parks and Recreation Department at least 10 business days prior to the requested date. To secure your reservation date, the deposit and hourly fee (security, cleaning fee) must be paid at the time of your reservation. All submissions are subject to approval based off the availability of the facility, the type of activity to take place, the availability of staff members or part-time employees recommended by director or supervisor, and the payment of rental fees.
For inquiries on Doraville Summer Camp schedules or availability, contact Parks & Recreation at (770) 936-3850.


text:
Ms. Fatima Hallal
Junior Researcher, Hartford Seminary-Interreligious Relations; Member, International Youth Committee; Member, Religions for Peace International Youth Committee
>Ms. Fatima Hallal is a Junior Researcher at Hartford Seminary in Interreligious Relations.Ms. Fatima Hallal is a Junior researcher and graduate student from Lebanon. Following the completion of her B.A. in Political Science and International Affairs at the Lebanese American University, Ms. Hallal was nominated and accepted for the International peace-making programme at Hartford Seminary whereby she studied interfaith dialogue and conflict resolution.Along-side her academic journey and based on her firm belief that youth has pivotal role to play in their communities, Ms. Hallal was actively involved with Lothan Youth Achievement Center and Adyan Youth Network between 2014-and 2017, she was also member of the Youth Advisory Council formed by the public diplomacy department in the U.S. embassy in Beirut. Working on youth policies, civic engagement, diversity and co-existence projects and programmes in Lebanon, Ms. Hallal's journey led her to be selected to represent youth in multiple international events including the Middle East Partnership Initiative Student Leaders Program in Georgetown University in summer 2016 and a youth delegate for the Mediterranean Youth Network summit in Casablanca in 2017.In 2016, Ms. Hallal received the "Spirit of Service" award from the Outreach and Civic Engagement Unit at her university and in 2017 she won the best capstone project for the political science department for her senior project on "Youth, Civic Society and Radicalization in Lebanon."
Debate: Religious Actors are uniquely helpful in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic: True or False? Main Hall
Debate Group 1: True
Mr. Shameer Rishad, Youth Chairperson Religions for Peace India
Ms. Lyka Mtambo, Youth Representative, Public Affairs Committee; Member, Religions for Peace International Youth Committee
Mr. Christian Lupemba, Chairperson, Interfaith Youth Network of the Democratic Republic of the Congo; Honorary President, Religions for Peace; Member, Religions for Peace International Youth Committee
Debate Group 2: False
Ms. Fatima Hallal, Junior Researcher, Hartford Seminary-Interreligious Relations; Member, International Youth Committee; Member, Religions for Peace International Youth Committee
Dr. Piero Liebman, Executive Director, Federation of Young Jews of Latin America (FeJJLA); Member, Religions for Peace International Youth Committee
John Ismael Medina, Communications Officer, Religions for Peace Philippines Youth Committee

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Mochlus simonettai, also known as Simonetta's writhing skink, is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Somalia.

Etymology
The specific name, simonettai, is in honor of Italian zoologist Albert Mario Simonetta (born 1930).

Geographic range
M. simonettai is found in Afgooye District, Somalia.

Description
M. simonettai may attain a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of about , with a tail slightly shorter than SVL.

References

Further reading
Lanza B (1979). "Lygosoma simonettai, a new black-headed skink from Somalia". Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento 12 (4): 25–32. (Lygosoma simonettai, new species). (in English, with an abstract in Italian).

Mochlus
Skinks of Africa
Reptiles of Somalia
Endemic fauna of Somalia
Reptiles described in 1979
Taxa named by Benedetto Lanza

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Latest Events, Information & Tickets. Independent Events Guide.
Tickets Info
Dave Matthews Band at DTE Energy Music Theatre
DTE Energy Music Theatre | Clarkston, Michigan
Dave Matthews Band is playing a whopping 60-dates this summer, and one of their much-awaited stops is right here at the DTE Energy Music Theatre on Tuesday 9th July 2019. The band is reputed for their relentless passion for touring and playing live to reach out to as many fans as possible. Dave Matthews Band has dropped this announcement, and their legions of fans are not taking the news sitting down. They're on a mad dash to get hold of those precious tickets. With DMB's slated performance just around the neck of the woods, and with tickets booking just within reach of your fingertips, this DMB concert is easily yours for the taking. Now, what's your excuse?! Go, you're just a few clicks away from experiencing an iconic live performance from one of the most accomplished and seasoned artists of all time.
Dave Matthews Band presumably abides by the credo that no artist could live on album sales alone. This band lives and breathes by the air around stadiums, clubs, and concert hall. They get a revitalizing love and energy exchange from concert crowds. No wonder, they could manage to pull-off 60 tour dates in one touring season. And the cycle goes on and crowds keep coming back for more. They embark on a tour year after year, summer after summer. Thus, it comes as no surprise that Pollstar hailed the Dave Matthews Band as the highest-grossing North American touring act of the decade beginning in 2000, grossing nearly $530 million.
Founded by singer-songwriter and guitarist Dave Matthews, DMB's current line-up includes bass guitarist Stefan Lessard, drummer, Carter Beauford and saxophonist Jeff Coffin. Together, they play hours and hours of jam and improv renditions of their best-loved classics such as "Crash into Me," "What Would You Say," "Satellite," "Ants Marching", "So Much to Say," and many more. They have released seven studio albums to date. Their most recent album released in 2018, Come Tomorrow, debuted at No. 1 on the US Billboard 200 chart. With this, they've added another feather to their cap as the only group to have all seven consecutive studio albums debut at number one.
An artist of this caliber is best experienced live. Do yourself a big favor now by booking tickets to this show. Your future self would be forever grateful for it.
Fans of DTE Energy Music Theatre
Alice Cooper & Halestorm 20/07/2019
Train, Goo Goo Dolls & Allen Stone 23/07/2019
Breaking Benjamin 24/07/2019
Peter Frampton 25/07/2019
MC Hammer 26/07/2019


Effectively combines the physical danger and emotional toll of war with a strategy layer of managing survivors and resources.
This War of Mine presents an immediately intriguing concept – tell the story of a heart-breakingly realistic war, from the civilians caught in the middle. The setting has a decidedly Eastern European flavor, and uses real photos for all the characters. The realistic dialogue and attitudes of everyone effectively ratchets up the empathy and emotional resonance throughout the rather lengthy experience. The board game-like cadence of crafting by day and scavenging by night gets a little repetitive at the end, but the overall experience has a perfect difficulty ramp. It's a constant battle for emotional and physical survival, creating a very memorable experience.
You start with three randomized survivors and a very large safehouse full of rubble and crafting materials you can loot. At first you can only craft the most basic necessities – a stove for cooking, beds for sleeping, etc. Materials to build with are found throughout the safehouse but quickly run dry, forcing you to send a survivor out at night to go scavenging.
Several locations are available to choose from, including shelled out schools, ruined houses, and a military outpost. Some locations have friendly people you can trade (or steal) from, others have armed thugs that must be avoided or dealt with.
If you've ever played semi open-world zombie game State of Decay (and you really should) the scavenging works very similar. You move from spot to spot gathering loot quickly and quietly – noise attracts other people. Your limited backpack space necessitates tough micromanaging decisions and return trips as you prioritize which resources you need the most. Stealth is a major factor as the best loot like medicine is only found through dangerous home invasions.
Numerous hidden alcoves and hiding spots are strewn about most maps, letting you duck out of the way – or murder someone quietly as they pass by if you brought weapons. Stealth is a fun and rewarding mechanic, but I found actual combat lacking and extremely dangerous. That's probably by design – your people are not soldiers and bullets do a lot of damage quickly. Still, I was completely shocked and unprepared when I got caught by an unfriendly thug armed with an assault rifle, and my survivor paid the brutal price.
Survivors have two main Sims-like needs that need to be met, – sleep and food. Sleeping is a simple matter of having the beds, except that the scavenger isn't sleeping at night. You can also leave a guard awake to help prevent home invasions against your own safehouse – and even that isn't a guarantee.
Food becomes a desperately important resource. Having four or five survivors makes food a top priority, and running out makes you do bad things, like stealing from an elderly couple or invading someone's home and knifing them when they find you. What? My people had to eat damn it!
Survivors also have an emotional toll that must be carefully measured. Do too many bad things and they become Sad. This could lead to Depressed (which slows them down), then Broken. At Broken the survivor refuses to do anything on their own, and could easily leave the group until you have a sit-down with them. The effective way 11 bit Studios integrates each concept of survival with a well-utilized gameplay mechanic is impressive.
Bartering is done Fallout style, and can be done with friendly people at night or a friendly trader that appears every few days. Crafting is intuitive and easy to grasp, but tense and stressful when you're trying to itemize how much wood you have for fuel – fuel needed both for boiling water in winter, cooking food, and keeping everyone warm with your homemade heater.
Certain global events, like Winter or Crime Outbreak, color the entire experience for several in-game days. Winter is especially harrowing as wood becomes a critical resource. On the first night one of my survivors froze to death because I neglected my heating needs. Sorry, Pavle.
My only major complaint to the entire experience is that it's a bit lengthy, and becomes slightly repetitive by the end (in my game the war ended on Day 45, about 12 hours). Random mini-events pop up every few days (which from what I could tell were always good, you just temporarily lost the person for the day), new scavenging locations open up, and you can gain up to five survivors, also through random events.
But once you make it about halfway through the game, you've opened up all the possible scavenging locations, looted out your entire safehouse, and settled into a routine of keeping everyone fed, rested, and crafting during the day. Part of the problem is I never had enough supplies to craft the top tier stuff, and there was an entire crafting table I never got to build (the vegetable garden) which limited my options. Once Winter ended on Day 38 or so, I was mostly coasting toward the end game, and only lost people when I wanted to try out the combat and failed miserably.
Combat is completely optional. You could probably make it through the game by only trading with people and scavenging from rubble if you were efficient. Bringing weapons takes up spots in your backpack. Since you can only ever take one survivor on a scavenging mission, you are almost always horribly outnumbered, making most fights a very bad idea. I think that's the idea, and maybe I just didn't find the right avenue, but it seems pretty damn impossible to, say, try and loot the military outpost. Permadeath is a brutal feature in a 10+hr game, and makes some of the more dangerous areas extremely stressful (in a good way).
I loved how This War of Mine made me examine the consequences of my actions. Steal from nice people and most everyone mopes around. Losing a survivor puts everyone into a fit of depression. Having everyone fed and rested a few days in a row might put some of them in an actual Contented mood, but it never lasts long.
The crafting and scavenging gameplay works in perfect sync with the mood and theme. I was actually reminded of some of the best Euro board game designs like Agricola, and every day felt like a new turn that I needed to gather supplies and take care of my people.
This War of Mine manages the tricky aspect of being slightly horrifying without actually being a horror game. The realistic war themes can be unsettling, but it's all done in a very mature, thoughtful approach, creating a great deal of empathy in every situation. War is hell, but the human spirit endures.
Wonderful epilogue that reflects all the choices you made – good and bad.
Final Say: Effectively combines the emotional toll and physical danger of war with a strategy layer of managing survivors and resources.


Padalily Arm Handle Cushion, Best Baby Gift, Carry your baby in style!
We, at Lily's Loving Arms, LLC, would love to hear from you.
Please submit any questions or comments through our easy contact form below and we will do our best to respond within 24 hours or less.


DAA members make valuable contributions to the association in leveraging DeGroote students' enthusiasm in Accounting. As a DAA member, you are helping to extend unique opportunities to the students of the DeGroote School of Business and the greater McMaster University community — not to mention being in the company of like-minded individuals and having fun along the way.
Interested in joining the DAA?
Visit Events for upcoming membership purchase dates.
Opportunities to attend exclusive events held by the DAA, providing occasions for networking and gaining industry insight.
Recognition as a member of a reputable association at McMaster University.
Receive details on DAA events, thought-provoking articles, and information on major Accounting conferences, competitions and information sessions.
Membership gift bag including merchandise from our generous sponsors.


Growing up in Ocean Springs and getting to see alot of great art and block prints had alot of influence in why we are here now. Our passion for the creative process brought us to here, where we get to do what we love everyday. We Thank You for helping us acheive that.
We are here ready to help with all your screen printing needs.
Buying local helps to keep our community unique and diverse. We do our best to keep every dollar spent in our community.
Peter Anderson Festival Shirts available NOW !
Copyright © 2017 Reel Custom Shirt LLC - All Rights Reserved.


Hello Life With Lorelai friends. I am excited to be back today with a fun, free printable for you.
I have been having a good time making some seasonal labels these days, and these Fall Wine Labels are my latest creation. You can find my Halloween Bottle Labels and Anniversary and Birthday Labels on my blog as well.
I don't want to brag but… my Anniversary and Birthday wine labels were featured on the Home Matters Link Party when they came out. I was so excited about that.
I love to give my readers a lot of fun, free printables, and this is no exception. I have designed four labels for the Fall season. They are perfect for personalizing a bottle of wine for gift giving, taking to a family get together, or giving to someone who has graciously let you stay in their home.
Now, I know that wine bottle labels come in all shapes and sizes so that is why there are two ways to cut these out. I have made an example of both ways as shown in the photo above.
If the label you want to cover is larger, then use the example of the label on the left, and cut a rectangle around the printed label big enough to cover.
If the label is smaller, then cut around the edges with a scissor, and use the fun label shape. Either one looks great.
I like to use sticker paper to print the design but you can print it on a light weight card stock and glue it onto the bottle as well.
I do a lot of card making, and I teach classes in my small town. The kit we are using for our October Card Class is called Fall Friends from Doodlebug Designs. The colors are browns, oranges, yellows and this pop of teal. I just loved it, and it inspired me for this color scheme.
It is not a typical fall color, but I love the surprise. What do you think?
You can download the labels by clicking the on the link below.
I hope you like the labels and will download and use them. If you like them, please share this post with your friends.
Feel free to follow me on Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. I love to meet new friends.
Pretty labels – great sayings and nice colors. These would make a great hostess gift for Thanksgiving or a fall dinner party.
I love these printables. What a great idea to customize a bottle of wine for a friend.
I love this idea to change up a boring wine label, Thanks to Michelle, and thank you Lorelai for sharing on the #OMHGFF hope to see you next week!
These are right on time I was going to search for printable labels today. Thank you!
So glad to be of help! 🙂 These really are super cute labels.
These are so pretty and have such sweet sentiments, these would look lovely sitting on the dining table for Thanksgiving and would also dress up wine bottles for gifting at the holidays. This is something nice to keep on hand when those friends show up with an unexpected gift and you feel a need to reciprocate. How nice if I had some of these stashed in the pantry for a last minute gift! Thanks so much for sharing over at Celebrate it Sunday!
Your fall wine bottle labels are the perfect way to give a bottle of wine. Nice hostess gift idea. Stopping by from the #HomeMattersParty linkup.
I Like these printables. What a good idea to customize a bottle of wine for a friend.


Real Estate Easements Law and Legal Definition | USLegal, Inc.
An easement gives one party the right to go onto another party's property. That property may be owned by a private person, a business entity, or a group of owners. Utilities often get easements that allow them to run pipes or phone lines beneath private property. A nonexclusive easement does not specify any specific parties. An exclusive easement specifies parties who have benefit of that easement. Easements may be obtained for access to another property, called "access and egress", use of spring water, entry to make repairs on a fence or slide area, drive cattle across and other uses. The easement is a real property interest, but separate from the legal title of the owner of the underlying land.
In the case of a driveway easement, it allows the person who is the beneficiary of the easement to cross the "servient" property. The land which receives the benefit of the easement is called the "dominant" property or estate. A driveway easement may be created by recording a deed that states, for example, that one neighbor owns the driveway to the halfway point, but has an easement or right of way to use the remainder; however, the adjoining home owns the other half of the driveway, with a right-of-way with respect to the portion the neighbor owns. An easement may be claimed by prescription for the use of the driveway. This requires proof that your neighbor willingly abandoned his use of the driveway during the adverse period when you and your predecessor in title enjoyed the exclusive use of the driveway. Easements should describe the extent of the use, as well as the easement location and boundaries. For example, if an easement is created for the driveway for one house, the owner of the easement cannot turn his house into a hotel with many cars travelling over the easement if the easement was intended for use by a single family.
Easements can be created by a deed to be recorded just like any real property interest, by continuous and open use by the non-owner against the rights of the property owner for a statutory number of years, typically five ("prescriptive easement"), or to do equity (fairness), including giving access to a "land-locked" piece of property (sometimes called an "easement of necessity"). Because landlocked parcels have virtually no value, an easement by necessity can usually be created over an adjoining parcel if, at sometime in the past, it had common ownership with the landlocked parcel.
Easements may be specifically described by boundaries or by its purpose. There is also a "negative easement" such as a prohibition against building a structure which blocks a view. Title reports and title abstracts will usually describe all existing easements upon a parcel of real property. The location, maintenance, and uses of the easement are defined by the agreement, use, or instrument creating the easement. In some cases, the owner of the servient property charges the easement holder a maintenance fee, however, maintenance may be subject to any type of agreement between the parties involved. Easements may be renegotiated under contract law principles. All claims involving claims on land need to be carefully drafted.
There are basically two types of easements- easements in gross and appurtenant easements. Easements in gross are personal rights given to individuals or specific groups. Once the easement owner dies or, in the case of corporations, dissolves, the easement terminates. Appurtenant easements are more permanent and are given to both the property and its owner. If the property owner with an easement sells the property, the new buyer gains the easement rights that belong with the property. To be a legal appurtenant easement, the properties involved must be adjacent to each other and must be owned by separate entities.


If you wanted to build a sustainable and resilient coastal home, what would it look like? That's the question a multidisciplinary team of students at the Stevens Institute of Technology are exploring as they begin to build a fully-solar powered home as their entry into the U.S. Department of Energy's biennial solar decathlon.
Called the SURE HOUSE, for SUstainable and REsilient, the home is being built around three core principles: energy efficiency; fully solar powered; and a resilient energy hub.
SURE HOUSE focuses on simple, effective solutions to reduce energy consumption, including increasing insulation levels, rigorously air-sealing the envelope, using high-performance glazing, and heat-recovery ventilation to reduce the heating and cooling needs of the house by 90 percent. These sample design measures, when coupled with high-efficiency appliances, lighting, and hot water heaters mean that the home will use only a time fraction of the energy of that of a "typical" home.
SURE HOUSE's rooftop solar array will provide enough power to supply all of the home's energy needs over the course of a year. By prioritizing energy conservation through smart design, they're able to dramatically reduce the total size and cost of the system while still delivering a reliable, comfortable, and economic system. SURE HOUSE will also feature custom building-integrated photovoltaics on the storm shutters that are capable of producing up to 70 percent of the home's hot water, replacing cumbersome and expensive solar-thermal systems with an elegant electrical PV solution.
The SURE HOUSE storm shutter system ensures the home's safety during seasonal storms and hurricanes. The multipurpose storm shutter doors protect the house against additional loads experienced during intense storms while providing shading on sunny summer days and maximizing winter solar gains. In addition to protection, the shutters deliver emergency power with inverter-less DC photovoltaic panels capable of providing electricity as well as hot water when the power grid is down.
The SURE HOUSE's resilient systems offer not only the reassurance of having a minimally damaged home after a storm event but also that the home can act as an emergency hub, providing emergency electricity for neighbors.
"The side of the house will include a number of USB outlets so that neighbors and community members can come by and recharge their portable devices," says A.J. Elliott, a graduate student in electrical engineering who serves as the spokesperson for the SURE HOUSE.


Lyceum of the Philippines University prides itself with its long and rich tradition of academic excellence. The founder, Dr Jose P Laurel, is the only Philippine President to have served in all three branches of the government.
The school also offers TESDA courses. The Center for Technical Skills Development and Assessment facilitates the registration of technical vocational qualifications for various programs and the conduct of assessments.
Financial aids and discounts are given to students under the Athletic Grant, Dance Troupe/ Chorale Grant, Tuition Fee Discounts for Siblings, Alumni-LPU Educational Assistance Program (A-LEAP), and the External Scholarships Program implemented through partnership with LPU.
The school offers the ETEEAP or Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and Accreditation Program (ETEEAP), which recognizes the knowledge, skills and prior learning obtained by individuals from non-formal and informal education experiences. See the checklist of requirements and programs on their website, https://manila.lpu.edu.ph/index.php/admission/eteeap-program.
The school has global linkages with both schools and other organizations and also, employs the LPU Manila Internship Program to provide students for all courses with practicum subject. The Internship Program aims to promote and provide students with competitive skills and attitudes for employment through practical application of learned theories and knowledge in an actual working environment.
All qualified students for the Entrance Scholarship are exempted to take the entrance exam. Valedictorians are given a 100% discount on tuition and miscellaneous fees for 1 academic year.
Salutatorians are given a 50% discount on tuition and miscellaneous fees for 1 academic year. The First Honorable Mentions are given 50% discount on tuition fee only for 1 academic year for SHS or 1 semester for college.
Editors-in-Chief of the official student or high school publication are given 50% discount on tuition fee only for 1 academic year for SHS or 1 semester for college.
Certification of Ranking (Valedictorian, Salutatorian & First Honorable Mention); must include the total number of graduating students.
All students coming from laboratory / science high schools are automatically qualified to apply.
Applications should be processed and requirements submitted at least a week before the intended testing date.


text:
Notizie da nessun luogo (News from Nowhere) è un romanzo utopico fantapolitico di William Morris, pubblicato nel 1891.

Venne pubblicato in italiano per la prima volta nel 1895 col titolo La terra promessa, per la traduzione di Ernestina d'Errico Ciccotti.

Fu in parte scritto come reazione al celebre romanzo del 1888 di Edward Bellamy Guardando indietro, 2000-1887, di cui segue la falsariga, seppure in forma critica.

Nel romanzo, il protagonista William Guest (inglese per "Ospite") si addormenta dopo un'assemblea alla lega socialista di Hammersmith, di cui fa parte. Si risveglia poco dopo in una società futura, che si basa sul collettivismo e il controllo democratico dei mezzi di produzione. In questa società non esiste la proprietà privata. L'autorità, il sistema monetario, le prigioni, il divorzio non esistono come non esiste nemmeno un sistema di divisione in classi. La società agraria funziona semplicemente nel trovare piacere nella natura, nella bellezza e nel proprio lavoro.

Il romanzo esplora un gran numero di aspetti della società, includendo come è organizzata e come sono relazionate le persone tra di loro. Morris unisce il marxismo con la tradizione del romanzo quando si presenta come figura quasi magica in un luogo diverso dall'Inghilterra vittoriana.

Trama
William Guest, militante libertario, rientrato a casa dopo una accesa discussione coi compagni sulle prospettive della futura rivoluzione sociale, vive uno strano momento di sospensione fra sogno e realtà, durante il quale si trova trasportato nella Londra del XXI secolo. Qui, confuso e incuriosito, conosce il barcaiolo Dick e il vecchio bibliotecario Hammond, che gli illustrano le caratteristiche, straordinarie per l'anarchico William, di quella loro nuova società, dalla quale sono definitivamente e concordemente banditi lo sfruttamento capitalistico e le istituzioni autoritarie.

In questo viaggio materiale e spirituale, attraverso un «mondo nuovo» pacifico e sereno, particolarmente toccanti sono le pagine nelle quali è descritta una Londra immaginaria, senza più i grandi stabilimenti industriali e le cattedrali del capitalismo, ripulita dai fumi, dalla sporcizia e dalle tenebre della società del profitto, immersa e inserita in una campagna rigogliosa e attraversata da un Tamigi divenuto un serafico luogo di delizia.

Edizioni
(elenco parziale)

In italiano
 La terra promessa, traduzione di Ernestina Ciccotti D'Errico, 1895.
 Notizie da nessun luogo, William Morris, S. Atto, Teramo, 1970.
 Notizie da nessun luogo, William Morris, traduzione di Mario Bonini, Garzanti editore, 1984.
 Notizie da nessun dove, William Morris, Traduzione di Sandro Stratta, Introduzione di Paolo Portoghesi, Editori Riuniti, 2013. ISBN 978-88-359-9256-1

Voci correlate
 Arts and Crafts
 Guardando indietro, 2000-1887
 William Morris

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Romanzi di autori inglesi
Romanzi ambientati a Londra
Romanzi di fantapolitica
Romanzi utopici
Romanzi sui viaggi nel tempo


text:
/* WARNING: this file should *not* be used by applications. It is
   part of the implementation of the compression library and is
   subject to change. Applications should only use zlib.h.
 */

/* @(#) $Id$ */

#ifndef ZUTIL_H
#define ZUTIL_H

#define ZLIB_INTERNAL
#include "zlib.h"

#ifdef STDC
#  ifndef _WIN32_WCE
#    include <stddef.h>
#  endif
#  include <string.h>
#  include <stdlib.h>
#endif
#ifdef NO_ERRNO_H
#   ifdef _WIN32_WCE
      /* The Microsoft C Run-Time Library for Windows CE doesn't have
       * errno.  We define it as a global variable to simplify porting.
       * Its value is always 0 and should not be used.  We rename it to
       * avoid conflict with other libraries that use the same workaround.
       */
#     define errno z_errno
#   endif
    extern int errno;
#else
#  ifndef _WIN32_WCE
#    include <errno.h>
#  endif
#endif

#ifndef local
#  define local static
#endif
/* compile with -Dlocal if your debugger can't find static symbols */

typedef unsigned char  uch;
typedef uch FAR uchf;
typedef unsigned short ush;
typedef ush FAR ushf;
typedef unsigned long  ulg;

extern const char * const z_errmsg[10]; /* indexed by 2-zlib_error */
/* (size given to avoid silly warnings with Visual C++) */

#define ERR_MSG(err) z_errmsg[Z_NEED_DICT-(err)]

#define ERR_RETURN(strm,err) \
  return (strm->msg = (char*)ERR_MSG(err), (err))
/* To be used only when the state is known to be valid */

        /* common constants */

#ifndef DEF_WBITS
#  define DEF_WBITS MAX_WBITS
#endif
/* default windowBits for decompression. MAX_WBITS is for compression only */

#if MAX_MEM_LEVEL >= 8
#  define DEF_MEM_LEVEL 8
#else
#  define DEF_MEM_LEVEL  MAX_MEM_LEVEL
#endif
/* default memLevel */

#define STORED_BLOCK 0
#define STATIC_TREES 1
#define DYN_TREES    2
/* The three kinds of block type */

#define MIN_MATCH  3
#define MAX_MATCH  258
/* The minimum and maximum match lengths */

#define PRESET_DICT 0x20 /* preset dictionary flag in zlib header */

        /* target dependencies */

#if defined(MSDOS) || (defined(WINDOWS) && !defined(WIN32))
#  define OS_CODE  0x00
#  if defined(__TURBOC__) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
#    if(__STDC__ == 1) && (defined(__LARGE__) || defined(__COMPACT__))
       /* Allow compilation with ANSI keywords only enabled */
       void _Cdecl farfree( void *block );
       void *_Cdecl farmalloc( unsigned long nbytes );
#    else
#      include <alloc.h>
#    endif
#  else /* MSC or DJGPP */
#    include <malloc.h>
#  endif
#endif

#ifdef AMIGA
#  define OS_CODE  0x01
#endif

#if defined(VAXC) || defined(VMS)
#  define OS_CODE  0x02
#  define F_OPEN(name, mode) \
     fopen((name), (mode), "mbc=60", "ctx=stm", "rfm=fix", "mrs=512")
#endif

#if defined(ATARI) || defined(atarist)
#  define OS_CODE  0x05
#endif

#ifdef OS2
#  define OS_CODE  0x06
#  ifdef M_I86
     #include <malloc.h>
#  endif
#endif

#if defined(MACOS) || defined(TARGET_OS_MAC)
#  define OS_CODE  0x07
#  ifndef fdopen
#    define fdopen(fd,mode) NULL /* No fdopen() */
#  endif
#endif

#ifdef TOPS20
#  define OS_CODE  0x0a
#endif

#ifdef WIN32
#  define OS_CODE  0x0b
#endif

#ifdef __50SERIES /* Prime/PRIMOS */
#  define OS_CODE  0x0f
#endif

#if defined(_BEOS_) || defined(RISCOS)
#  define fdopen(fd,mode) NULL /* No fdopen() */
#endif

        /* common defaults */

#ifndef OS_CODE
#  define OS_CODE  0x03  /* assume Unix */
#endif

#ifndef F_OPEN
#  define F_OPEN(name, mode) fopen((name), (mode))
#endif

         /* functions */

#  ifdef SMALL_MEDIUM /* MSDOS small or medium model */
#    define zmemcpy _fmemcpy
#    define zmemcmp _fmemcmp
#    define zmemzero(dest, len) _fmemset(dest, 0, len)
#  else
#    define zmemcpy memcpy
#    define zmemcmp memcmp
#    define zmemzero(dest, len) memset(dest, 0, len)
#  endif

/* Diagnostic functions */
#ifdef DEBUG
#  include <stdio.h>
   extern int z_verbose;
   extern void z_error    OF((char *m));
#  define Assert(cond,msg) {if(!(cond)) z_error(msg);}
#  define Trace(x) {if (z_verbose>=0) fprintf x ;}
#  define Tracev(x) {if (z_verbose>0) fprintf x ;}
#  define Tracevv(x) {if (z_verbose>1) fprintf x ;}
#  define Tracec(c,x) {if (z_verbose>0 && (c)) fprintf x ;}
#  define Tracecv(c,x) {if (z_verbose>1 && (c)) fprintf x ;}
#else
#  define Assert(cond,msg)
#  define Trace(x)
#  define Tracev(x)
#  define Tracevv(x)
#  define Tracec(c,x)
#  define Tracecv(c,x)
#endif

voidpf zcalloc OF((voidpf opaque, unsigned items, unsigned size));
void   zcfree  OF((voidpf opaque, voidpf ptr));

#define ZALLOC(strm, items, size) \
           (*((strm)->zalloc))((strm)->opaque, (items), (size))
#define ZFREE(strm, addr)  (*((strm)->zfree))((strm)->opaque, (voidpf)(addr))
#define TRY_FREE(s, p) {if (p) ZFREE(s, p);}

#endif /* ZUTIL_H */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Week of Aug. 13, 2008
AN ATTACK ON IRAN IS NEEDED
I wholeheartedly concur with those who predict that Israel will launch a pre-emptive strike against Iran's nuclear facilities by the end of this year, and truth be told, I overwhelmingly endorse such an attack.
The fate and survival of the Jewish State is at stake here, and depends upon such draconian action.
Iran, led by its maniacal President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and its ruling mullahs is bent on annihilating Israel and its citizens. As I mentioned in a letter sometime ago, Ahmadinejad wasn't just engaging in saber-rattling rhetoric, but was deadly serious when, about a year ago, he threatened "to wipe Israel off the face of the map."
Sanctions imposed against Iran by the U.N. and the European Union have failed to deter this "axis-of-evil" nation from its inexorable quest to enrich uranium for the sole purpose of developing nuclear weapons, nor have negotiations and diplomacy with the U.S. and Israel's surrogates, and the International Atomic Energy Agency, had any effect on Iran's bellicose determination and ambition to inflict a second Holocaust upon the Jewish people.
It has been reported recently that Iran is on the threshhold of producing nuclear weapons, possibly within the next six months to a year.
The question then, that begs to be answered is, does Israel wish to risk waiting that long, hoping for the possibility of a last ditch negotiated settlement — trust me, it won't happen — or would a pre-emptive strike before such weapons become functional and operational be the wiser choice?
The answer obviously, is a no-brainer. Israel, with swiftness, deftness, and precision, needs to negate Iran's ability to wage war by destroying its nuclear capability with an operation comparable to the one in 1981, in which the Israeli airforce destroyed Iraq's nuclear reactors.
The motto, "Never again," cannot, and must not, ever be allowed to become just a memory.
Suffice to say, when the attack does become a reality, the U.N., no doubt, as always, will publicly and harshly condemn and castigate Israel, but privately, I suspect that the overwhelming majority of the world's nations will all breathe a collective sigh of relief, knowing that the tiny Jewish nation, once again, displayed the courage and the guts to thwart the war-making efforts of such an evil force.
Gene Carton
Prayer, memories, fears and a first trip to Israel
Dear Reader: Our love / hate relationship with honey cake
It's okay to be angry. Judaism says so.
Celebrating Israel's freedom
Supporting Mila: What to watch and know this week in Jewish entertainment
Today is Earth Day: Here's what its local Jewish stewards have to say
A Jewish guy's idea on viewing art, and the new exhibit to try it out
Debunking liberal assumptions about Jewish security in a changing Europe
Rabbi Shook: Isaac Mayer Wise is spinning in his grave
When Jewish pregnancy superstitions meet supply chain delays


text:
Vitex gigantea is a species of tree in the family Lamiaceae. It is native to Panama and South America.

References

gigantea
Trees of Panama
Trees of Peru
Trees of Ecuador
Trees of Colombia
Trees of Bolivia


text:
Q: What's a word/phrase like "compulsion" or "addiction" that is more about guilt than physiology or anxiety? This question came about because there has been an drought in our area, which is resolved for now, and I am beginning to stop practicing some water-saving measures, but feel discomfort or guilt at no longer doing them. Example sentence:

I know the drought is over, but I still have a(n) _______ to put a bucket in the shower, and use that water to flush the toilet.

"Compulsion" (Merriam-Webster) isn't quite right, because there's no strong desire to do the behavior, and no force compelling me to do so--it's more the feeling that the lack of doing the behavior causes.
"Addiction" (Merriam-Webster) is also not right, because there's no devotion or surrender to a habit known to be bad, and no physiological component.
"Urge" is not quite right either. I do have the a strong need or desire to have or do something (Merriam-Webster again), but "urge" misses the sense of guilt that occurs when I do not do the behavior.
This ELU Stack Exchange post has some good ideas, such as "fixation" and "absorption," but they all involve an aspect of attending to something to the exclusion of other things, which is not the case here.
Of course this may be one of those cases where I would like for there to be a word for something, but there is not, but if someone has a word or phrase to encompass this feeling, I would love to hear it.

A: You might like compunction
Defined by Merriam Webster as:

1
  a :  anxiety arising from awareness of guilt < compunctions of conscience >
    b :  distress of mind over an anticipated action or result < showed no compunction in planning devilish engines of … destruction — Havelock Ellis >
2
  :  a twinge of misgiving

And by Dictionary.com as:

*

*a feeling of uneasiness or anxiety of the conscience caused by regret for doing wrong or causing pain; contrition; remorse.

*any uneasiness or hesitation about the rightness of an action.

A: Consider hang-up [MWD]

something that causes you to feel worried, afraid, embarrassed, etc.

Alternatively, you could use feeling of obligation [TFD]

A social, legal, or moral requirement, such as a duty, contract, or promise, that compels one to follow or avoid a particular course of action

You could say

I know the drought is over, but I still have a hang-up about putting a bucket in the shower, and using that water to flush the toilet.

or

I know the drought is over, but I still have a feeling of obligation to put a bucket in the shower, and use that water to flush the toilet.

A: You should consider obligation (optionally preceded with moral).
M-W:

obligation
noun
: something that you must do because of a law, rule, promise, etc.
: something that you must do because it is morally right
She believes that all people have a moral obligation to defend
  human rights.
He argues that people in a community have certain obligations to
  each other.

A: How about in good conscience, properly inserted into your example?

in good
  conscience: without
  feeling guilty

Your example:

I know the drought is over, but I still cannot in good conscience stop
  putting a bucket in the shower and using that water to flush the
  toilet.

A: "I still have a drive to put a bucket in the shower, and use that water to flush the toilet."

*

*(Psychology) "A strong motivating tendency or instinct related to self-preservation, reproduction, or aggression that prompts activity toward a particular end." TFD

*"an impelling culturally acquired concern, interest, or longing, an urgent, basic, or instinctual need"  MW

A: Adding to other great answers, if saving water preoccupies or intrudes on your mind consistently, you could consider using "obsession" which means

an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions,
  even against your will

The word might sound too strong for your context, but I think it is a better choice than compunction.
[Vocabulary.com]

A: The previously proposed feeling of obligation can be improved as @BillK suggested, to just obligation:

I know the drought is over, but I still feel an obligation to put a bucket in the shower, and use that water to flush the toilet.

A variant of this would be duty:

I know the drought is over, but I still feel a duty to put a bucket in the shower, and use that water to flush the toilet.

*

*something that one is expected or required to do by moral or legal obligation.

*the binding or obligatory force of something that is morally or legally right; moral or legal obligation.

You rejected urge because it didn't have the guilt part, but I think that the context takes care of that.  However, if you want the feeling of guilt more explicitly present, I suggest
nagging urge

I know the drought is over, but I still have a nagging urge to put a bucket in the shower, and use that water to flush the toilet.

Lastly, here is a very informal word that I think would work:
niggle

I know the drought is over, but I still feel the niggle to put a bucket in the shower, and use that water to flush the toilet.

The dictionaries say it's only a verb.  But I think you can use it as a noun.  "Niggle" is nice because from the sound, it incorporates "naggging."
If you like this word but want to go by the book, you could say

I know the drought is over, but I still feel niggled to put a bucket in the shower, and use that water to flush the toilet.

(But I would much rather say "feel the niggle.")

A: I think it depends on the context of the piece you're writing and its style. I like the suggested "hang up". You might try "compelled".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
By Madeleine Johnson, Associate Editor| 2018-03-21T18:37:51+01:00	August 8th, 2009|Recent Reviews|
By John Pen (János Székely), Translated by Ralph Manheim and Barbara Tolnai
Creative Age Press, 1946. 616 pages.
The post-Berlin Wall era sometimes makes it difficult to fathom the furor of communism, both the passion of its creators and determination of its enemies. In an over-privileged and developed world in which the social order is reduced to brand choices, the cruelty of the proletarian-bourgeois divide is unimaginable.
Reading János Székely's hard-to-get book can change that. It can make you want to storm the barricades, red flag in hand, belting out The Internationale. Originally published in the United States in 1946 as "Temptation," with Székely writing as John Pen, the book's narrator, Belà, is left in a Hungarian village in the "care" of an "aunt" who earns a living boarding, wet-nursing and humiliating children whose mothers, like Belà's, are domestic workers in Budapest.
Immediately after World War I, Hungary is split from Austria and domestic maladies are turning virulent. Hitler is gaining power in Germany and Miklós Horthy in Hungary. Belà is sent to Budapest where he finds a job as a busboy in a luxury hotel. But wherever he goes he suffers the indignities directed at the "prolo," or proletariat.
Planned as a trilogy, this first volume is Dickensian in scope and character. The temptations suggested by the title are many: a sexually rapacious noblewoman, an American girl who befriends Belà, the siren song of communism, and dictator Horthy's local brand of fascism.
Meanwhile, Belà hopes to return to school and perhaps emigrate to America — which is what Székely did. There, he shared a screenwriting Oscar for the 1940 romantic comedy "Arise, My Love." But his refusal to testify before the McCarthy-era House Un-American Activities Committee led to his blacklisting and exile. He would not be tempted.
About the Author: Madeleine Johnson, Associate Editor
Madeleine Johnson has written her "Notebook" column for more than a decade. She lived in Italy for almost 30 years, mostly in Milan, before returning to the U.S. in 2017. Her work has been published in the "Financial Times" and "New York Post."


See how a virtual tour would benefit your business! Click here to learn more!
We here at CB Studios will discuss your options and set up an in person meeting to go over how a Google 360 Virtual Tour will benefit your business and attract potential customers.
Customers will now be able to virtually walk through your business before even stepping foot in there giving them a sense of familiarity and understanding of your businesses interior. Businesses who've had virtual tours added to their Google profile have seen a BOOST in visits.
Click here to learn more and to book appointment!


text:
Home Airline News Cathay Pacific posts strong February freight figures
Cathay Pacific posts strong February freight figures
Cathay Pacific Cargo
Tonnage and the load factor climbed for Cathay Pacific Airways in February compared to the same month last year.
Cathay Pacific and Cathay Dragon combined carried 137,674 tonnes of cargo and mail last month, an increase of 17.4 per cent compared to February 2016.
The cargo and mail load factor rose by 6.2 percentage points to 64.2 per cent. Capacity, measured in available cargo/mail tonne kilometres, was up by 1.2 per cent while cargo and mail revenue tonne kilometres (RTKs) increased by 12 per cent.
In the first two months of 2017, the tonnage rose by nine per cent against a 0.9 per cent increase in capacity and a 5.9 per cent increase in RTKs.
Cathay Pacific general manager for cargo sales and marketing, Mark Sutch says: "As expected, the first half of February saw volumes significantly affected by the Chinese New Year holiday.
"However, trade in the region was quick to rebound from the middle of the month, which was soon followed by a pick-up in long-haul trade, leading to a full recovery by month-end.
"It was encouraging to see that inbound loads from North America and Europe throughout – albeit on a reduced operating capacity. Taking into account the changes in the Chinese New Year holiday period this year, we managed solid tonnage growth; a reflection of the overall strengthening of the global air cargo demand.
"We predict March to be a busy month with more project shipments in the pipeline and the launch of a number of new consumer products. On 1 February, we commented our metal-neutral capacity sharing partnership with Lufthansa Cargo between Hong Kong and Europe."
Previous articleRocky 2016 for the UAE's heavyweight players
Next articleACI: 5.7% volumes growth across world's airports in January


text:
Mr. Patrick DuWayne Hadley II
Mr. Patrick DuWayne Hadley, II, age 26, passed away Monday, April 13, 2020 in Laurel, Mississippi. Mr. Hadley was a native and life long resident of Bay Minette, AL. He was a 2013 graduate of Baldwin County High School, where he played football. He was employed with Southern Land Service as a tree surgeon and was a firefighter serving the Semmes, AL Fire Department. He is survived by his father, Patrick Duwayne Hadley of Foley, AL; mother, Dorothy Jean (Chris) Stacey of Rabun, AL; wife, Codie L. Hadley of Bay Minette, AL; mother of his children, Courtney Bryars of Bay Minette, AL; mother by love, Christia Crawford of Bay Minette, AL; one son, Bryson Cooper of Bay Minette, AL; one daughter, Karla Hadley of Bay Minette, AL; two brothers, Preston Hadley of Birmingham, AL and Brandon Burkett of Rabun, AL; three sisters, Brianna Burkett of Rabun, AL, Michelle (Matthew) McCary of Bay Minette, AL and Charity Hadley (Gary, Jr.) Wise of Bay Minette, AL; aunt and uncle, James (Maria) White of Bay Minette, AL and numerous other aunts, uncles, other relatives and many other family and friends. Graveside services will be held Saturday, April 18, 2020 at 1:00 PM at the Bryars-McGill Cemetery with Bro. Tony Banning officiating. Pallbearers will be Chris Williams, Brandon Burkett, Levi Stacey, Dustin Shivers, Anthony Hopkins, Josh Dodge, Taylor Graham, Bree Paul, Cody Bolton and Chris Bolton. Petty-Eastside Chapel Funeral Homes, LLC in charge of all arrangements, Atmore, Alabama.
Mr. Patrick DuWayne Hadley, II, age 26, passed away Monday, April 13, 2020 in Laurel, Mississippi. Mr. Hadley was a native and life long resident of Bay Minette, AL. He was a 2013 graduate of Baldwin County High School, where he played football.... View Obituary & Service Information
The family of Mr. Patrick DuWayne Hadley II created this Life Tributes page to make it easy to share your memories.
Mr. Patrick DuWayne Hadley, II, age 26, passed away Monday, April...
Send flowers to the Hadley family.


New Day Rising is a charming vegetarian sandwich nook that we don't visit often enough. But I've found the perfect excuse to stop by a little more often - getting my hair cut and coloured next door at Lucky Buster.
It's a long time since my last CLT, but I resisted its sweet smoky temptation and tried the Reuben on Rye ($10). This Reuben doesn't make any pretense at replacing the traditional pastrami, relying on good Swiss cheese, a bit of seeded mustard, and plentiful sauerkraut made by their mate Keegan. It's simple but satisfying.
Noting that the bread was a little on the small side, my server generously offered to toast up a third half if I was still hungry. But having washed this much down with a bottle of orange and passionfruit soda ($4), I had no need.
You can read about one, two, three of our previous visits to New Day Rising. Since then the CLT has earned praise on Veganopoulous.
Accessibility: A small step up on entry into a fairly crowded interior. You order at the table and just pay whoever you can grab by the coffee machine. The bathroom is accessed from outside somewhere - we've not checked it out.


Cloverleaf Farm makes Lemon Balm Ointment and Melissa Cream to help heal herpes and shingles naturally.
http://herpesreliefcenter.com/ One of the best herpes herbs is lemon balm. Scientific research backs up its use as a topical treatment for genital and oral herpes.
Stacys art studio home made lemon balm salve how to.
A short film on making an infused herbal oil using dried lemon balm - from Tim Cappelli, herbalist at Vitality +.
Get the full recipe for this healing salve & at www.ginaathome.com/healing-salve. Subscribe for daily videos. This healing salve became a favorite of mine.
Growing Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis) Organic Mosquito Repellent & Health Benefits!
How to grow Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis) herb. Growing lemon balm herb in the gardens is a natural way to repel mosquitoes and other insect pests!
Cold Sore In My Eye! Using Lemon Balm Tincture for Cold Sores!
http://FreeHerbCourse.com This video shows you how to harvest and dry herbs. In this drying and harvesting herbs video, you will learn about lemon balm uses.
How to make a Lemon Balm elixir!


I found this can on a recent trip to the Rivanna River. My friends and I were trying to recall when beverage cans replaced pull-top tabs, like this one, with pop-top tabs. To the best of our recollection these cans were out of circulation by the early 1980's. That would make this can roughly 30 – 35 years old! What's even stranger is last year on the same river I found other pull-top cans.
When I found the can it was at the bottom of a shallow part of the river. Seeing the words "DISPOSE OF PROPERLY" stamped into the top of the can gave me the idea for this photograph.


Canada is a country in North America consisting of 10 provinces and 3 territories. Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the world's longest land border shared by the same two countries. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries, with a population of approximately 35 million. Canada is a developed country and one of the wealthiest in the world, with the eighth highest per capita income globally, and the eleventh highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of education, government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, and economic freedom.
Canadian summers bring the heat to many parts of the country, especially in the central and mid-western provinces between June and August. The hottest temperatures ever recorded were 37.2˚C . By late December, much of Canada is transformed into a winter wonderland, blanketed in a layer of snow. Winter temperature ranges from lows of -20˚C to 5˚C .


text:
package com.learning.designpattern.behavioral.cor;

public abstract class AbstractLogger {
    public static final int INFO = 1;
    public static final int DEBUG = 2;
    public static final int ERROR = 3;

    protected int level;

    //next element in chain of responsibility
    protected AbstractLogger nextLogger;

    public void setNextLogger(AbstractLogger nextLogger){
        this.nextLogger = nextLogger;
    }

    public void logMessage(int level,String message){
        if(this.level <= level){
            write(message);
        }
        if(nextLogger!= null){
            nextLogger.logMessage(level,message);
        }
    }

    abstract protected void write(String message);
}


text:
Q: Connection Refused when using postgresql in a django-jython project According to the jythonbook, the program works well before I sync the database, however, When I use jython manage.py syncdb, I am getting this error:
connection = zxJDBC.connect(self.get_jdbc_connection_url(),
django.db.utils.DatabaseError: Connection refused. Check that the hostname and port are correct and that the postmaster is accepting TCP/IP connections. [SQLCode: 0], [SQLState: 08001]

My env is
ubuntu 13.10
java version "1.7.0_25"
Jython 2.7b3
Django 1.7.1
django_jython-1.7.0b2

and my setting.py like this:
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'polls',
)

DATABASES = {
'default': {
    'ENGINE': 'doj.db.backends.postgresql',
    'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'vanxin.db'),
    'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
    'PORT': '5432',
    'USER': 'vanxin',
    'PASSWORD': 'vanxin',
}
}

Can anybody help?


GB Bobsleigh combined summer sprint & strength work with on-ice training as they got their Olympic preparations underway in Switzerland and Italy.
The squad traveled to Tenero and Sestriere for warm weather training in June, before heading to the Swiss Olympic Training Centre and then back to Sestriere for another combined two-week stay in July.
They were back on ice for the first time since March when they stepped on to the track in Torino - the venue for the 2006 Winter Olympic Games - for the final week of the July camp.
There was time for a few laughs, a spot of golf and some sublime views but hard graft was the order of the day all round as the path to PyeongChang gets ever shorter.


text:
Gleaming Stars
Some Information about Celebrities
Lucy Hale Hot Pictures Are Here Bring Back The Joy In Your Life
Lucy Liu Hot Bikini Photos – Sexy O-Ren Ishii In Kill Bill: Volume 1
Lucy Lawless Hottest Bikini Photos – Sexy Lucretia In Spartacus
Karishma Tanna Hot Bikini Photos – Sexy Winner Of Khatron Ke Khiladi
Kangana Ranaut Hot Bikini Pictures – Showing Her Sexy Navel In Saree
Mandy Moore Hottest Bikini Pictures Are Too Damn Sexy In Short Hair
Maggie Lawson Hottest Bikini Pictures Reveal Her Sexy Curvy Body
Sexy Kirti Kulhari Hot Bikini Pictures Are Bring Back The Joy In Your Life
Lakshmi Manchu Hot Photos Which Will Make You Think Dirty Thoughts
Neeru Bajwa Hot Sexy Pictures Will Make You Fall In Love With Her
Madhuri Dixit Hot Bikini Pictures Define The Meaning Of Sexy Beauty
Malavika Hottest Bikini Pictures – One Of The Sexy Indian Actress
Susan Sarandon Hot Bikini Pictures Will Take You To The Final Destination
Rocky July 15, 2020
Susan Sarandon is an American actress and social activist, also known by her birth name Susan Abigail Tomalin. She was born in Jackson Heights, New York, United States on October 4, 1946. Her father is Phillip Leslie Tomalin and her mother is Leonora Marie Criscione. Sarandon's father worked as a television producer, advertising executive, and one-time nightclub singer. She has four younger sisters Amanda Tomalin, Meredith Carroll, Bonnie Lyon, and Missy Tomalin, and four younger brothers Philip Jr., Terry, O'Brian Tomalin, Terry Tomalin, and Tim Tomalin. She studied at Edison High School, New Jersey, United States, and then she completed her graduation from The Catholic University of America, Washington District of Columbia in Drama. Her mother is of Italian ancestry, while her father was of English, Irish, and Welsh descent.
Susan started dating to writer and director Susan Sarandon in 1961 and the duo split in 1962. After, she began dating to American actor Chris Sarandon in 1964, and they got married on September 16, 1967. The couple divorced in September 1979. She also dated to French director Louis Malle from 1978 to 1980, and then Italian film director Franco Amurri from 1983 to 1985.
Sarandon gave birth to her first child as daughter Eva Amurri on March 15, 1985, with Franco Amurri. Eva Amurri also an actress. Later, she began a relationship with actor Tim Robbins in 1987, and the couple got engaged in August 2005. They welcomed their first child as son Jack Henry on May 15, 1989, and second child born as son Miles Guthrie on May 4, 1992. The couple ended their relationship in 2009. Susan had been in a relationship with director Jonathan Bricklin since 2010.
Sarandon gained fame for her role as Sally Matthews in the movie Atlantic City in 1980, and she also popular for her role as Louise Sawyer's role in the film Thelma & Louise in 1991. She also famous for her role as Sister Helen Prejean in the film Dead Man Walking in 1996, and she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for this role. She started her career with Melissa Compton's role in the movie Joe in 1970, and she played Patrice Kahlman's role in her first television series A World Apart in 1971.
In 2002, she starred in the movies as Mimi Slocumb in Igby Goes Down, and as Jojo Floss in Moonlight Mile. Her other major movies include The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975), Thelma & Louise (1991), Anywhere but Here (1999), Elizabethtown (2005), and Enchanted (2007). Susan also portrayed Bette Davis's role in the film Feud Bette and Joan in 2017.
Full Name Susan Abigail Tomalin
Nickname Susan Sarandon
Age (2020) 73 Years
Date of Birth 4 October 1946
Place Of Birth Jackson Heights, New York, United States
Zodiac Sign Libra
Religion Roman Catholic
Residence Jackson Heights, New York, United States
Career Info.
Occupation Actress, Activist
Years Active 1970-present
First Film Joe (1970)
First Television Show A World Apart (1971)
Best Known Atlantic City (1980)
The Client (1994)
Igby Goes Down & Moonlight Mile (2002)
Related Post :- Taylor Momsen Hot Bikini Pictures– One Of The Sexiest Singer
Related Post :- Teresa Palmer Sexy Bikini Pictures – Hot Dorothy Of Hacksaw Ridge
Related Post :- Tessa Thompson Hot Bikini Pictures – Sexy Valkyrie Of Thor: Ragnarok
Related Post :- Tiffani Thiessen Hot Bikini Pictures – Sexy Valerie Of Beverly Hills, 90210
Related Post :- Stephanie McMahon Hot Bikini Pictures – Sexy Wrestler Of WWE
Related Post :- Hot Stana Katic Sexy Bikini Pictures Define The Meaning Of Beauty
Related Post :- Tina Fey Hottest Bikini Pictures – Are Too Damn Sexy Actress
Now we want to take you on a ride through the Susan Sarandon photo gallery. This curated image gallery will feature some of the sexiest Susan Sarandon pictures you'll love. Yes, she is a very sexy actress and Susan Sarandon proves the bra and breast size that she can carry any dress in style.
Vanessa Ray Hot Bikini Pictures – Sexy Actress Of Blue Bloods
Vanessa Ray Hot Bikini Pictures – Sexy Actress Of Blue Bloods Vanessa Ray is an American actress and singer, also known by her birth name Vanessa Ray Liptak. She was born in Livermore, California, United States on June 24, 1981. Her father is James Liptak, composed music for local theatre […]
Hot Salma Hayek Sexy Bikini Pictures Are Gift From God To Humans
33 Sexy Dianna Agron Hot Bikini Pictures Are Heaven On Earth
Anupama Parameswaran Hot Photos – Show Her Sexy Navel In Saree
41 Abbie Cornish Hot Pictures – One Of The Sexiest Australian Actress
Hot Debby Ryan Sexy Bikini Pictures Are A Charm For Her Fans
Sexy Anne Hathaway Hot Bikini Pictures Which Will Get You All Sweating
Our Privacy Policies
DMCA Requests


text:
NewsOther
Six Flags Over Texas removes Confederate States Flag from park
By ErikAug 19, 2017, 12:57 pm
Americans really can't seem to get along these days. We are torn on so many different issues, and argue over things that should have ended a hundred years ago. Leave it to a theme park to do their best to try and bring people together. Six Flags Over Texas has decided to remove the Confederate States of America flag and replace all six flags of Six Flags with the American Flag.
The park released a statement late Friday stating that they would be retiring the Confederate States of America Flag flag from being on display at the park. In fact they would be removing all flags and replacing them with American Flags.
"At Six Flags Over Texas we strive every single day to make people happy and to create a fun, thrilling and safe family friendly experience for our guests. We always choose to focus on celebrating the things that unite us versus those that divide us. As such, we have changed the flag displays in our park to feature American flags," said Sharon Parker, Manager of Communications for Six Flags Over Texas.
The confederate states of America flag that flew over Six Flags Over Texas.
The decision comes after the protest in Charlotesville, VA last weekend, despite telling TMZ earlier this week that the park would still fly the flag.
According to CBS DFW the park says it's all about giving the guests a point to focus on, without dividing them.
"We're still the same. We're still Six Flags Over Texas, however, we want to focus on celebrating things that unite our guests versus divide our guests. Therefore, the American flag is what you will see as you enter our front gates."
"Outside of us removing the Confederate States of America Flag wherever it is on display … The Six Flags Over Texas that you come out and enjoy on a regular basis will still be here to welcome you … the rides and attractions are going to be the main focal point but we definitely don't want to offend anyone while they're having a great time at our park."
Six Flags Over Texas is the original Six Flags park, and the six flags that are on display each represent the governing nations that once ruled over Texas. The flags included Spain, France, Mexico, The Republic of Texas, The Confederate States of America and of course the United States.
While Six Flags has made the decision to change the flags, this isn't the first time the flags have changed. The flags change all the time, mostly to reflect different holidays and events going on in the park.
While many will be quick to say that Six Flags is quick to cave to pressure from whatever groups, there's no indication that there has been any pressure from outside groups. The decision seems to have come from within their own management, in response to the protests in which political groups, including KKK, and White Nationalists have been seen carrying the traditional Confederate Battle Flag (stars and bars). That flag has been a rallying point for hatred in the past few weeks, so the decision to remove anything having to do with the confederacy doesn't come as that much of a surprise.
While we rarely make political statements, I feel I must make this one. It is said that if we forget history we are doomed to repeat it, however if we hold onto the past too much, we can never move ahead into the future. We applaud the decision by Six Flags.
Be nice, let love win, and forget the hate.
Stay tuned for more from Six Flags, and be sure to get social with us on Facebook, and follow along with us on Twitter @BehindThrills for the latest updates!
For more information about Six Flags, including tickets, visit the official website by clicking here!
TAGConfederate Flag Six Flags Over Texas
Previous PostHowl O Scream's Recurring Nightmare Pass returns to Busch Gardens Tampa! Next PostCedar Point announces Steel Vengeance for 2018!
Six Flags Announces Appointment of New CEO, Departure of Michael Spanos
Six Flags 'Do the Six' safety protocols announced
Six Flags unveils new attractions for every park in 2020


text:
Q: Moved site from IIS 7.5 to IIS 10 and have problem with json strings The JSON string returned on the old server was complete and on the new server it is truncated early.
If I remove the £ symbol from the response it now works again so I believe it is a code page issue.
Any pointers on how to set it in IIS? There is code in place as well.
Thanks
EDIT, I found the culprit,  in the string sent to the client if I remove the £ symbol it comes through.