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Planet in House
The Sun in House
The Moon in House
Mercury in House
Venus in House
Mars in House
Jupiter in House
Saturn in House
Uranus in House
Neptune in House
Pluto in House
Chiron in House
Ceres in House
Pallas in House
Juno in House
Vesta in House
The North Node in House
Lilith in House
Fortune in House
The Vertex in House
The East Point in House
Cupido in House
Hades in House
Zeus in House
Kronos in House
Apollon in House
Admetos in House
Vulcanus in House
Poseidon in House
Proserpina in House
Planet in Sign
The Sun in Sign
The Moon in Sign
Mercury in Sign
Venus in Sign
Mars in Sign
Jupiter in Sign
Saturn in Sign
Uranus in Sign
Neptune in Sign
Pluto in Sign
Chiron in Sign
Ceres in Sign
Pallas in Sign
Juno in Sign
Vesta in Sign
The North Node in Sign
Lilith in Sign
Fortune in Sign
The Vertex in Sign
The East Point in Sign
Cupido in Sign
Hades in Sign
Zeus in Sign
Kronos in Sign
Apollon in Sign
Admetos in Sign
Vulcanus in Sign
Poseidon in Sign
Proserpina in Sign
Horoscopes with Uranus in Virgo
You will find on these pages astrological charts of thousands of celebrities with Uranus in Virgo.
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Born: Friday, January 17, 1964
In: Chicago (IL) (United States)
Sun: 26°40' Capricorn
Dominants: Pisces, Capricorn, Aquarius
Venus, Uranus, Moon
Earth, Water / Mutable
Chinese Astrology: Water Rabbit
Numerology: Birth Path 11
Height: Michelle Obama is 5' 11½" (1m82) tall
Popularity: 1,152,275 clicks
Biography of Michelle Obama (excerpt)
Michelle LaVaughn Obama (née Robinson, born January 17, 1964 (the source for her time of birth is http://noeltyl.com/discussion/index.php.topic=4676.0)) is an American lawyer and the wife of Barack Obama, the President-elect of the United States. She was born and grew up on the South Side of Chicago and graduated from Princeton University and Harvard Law School.
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Born: Wednesday, December 18, 1963
In: Shawnee (OK) (United States)
Sun: 25°52' Sagittarius AS: 11°54' Sagittarius
Moon: 22°50' Capricorn MC: 26°58' Virgo
Dominants: Capricorn, Sagittarius, Virgo
Jupiter, Mercury, Pluto
Houses 2, 1, 4 / Earth, Fire / Cardinal
Height: Brad Pitt is 5' 11" (1m80) tall
Popularity: 942,620 clicks
Biography of Brad Pitt (excerpt)
William Bradley "Brad" Pitt (born December 18, 1963 (birth time source: a trusted colleague from Pitt, Astrodatabank)) is an American actor and producer. He has received multiple awards, including two Golden Globe Awards and an Academy Award for his acting, in addition to another Academy Award and a Primetime Emmy Award as producer under his production company, Plan B Entertainment.
Born: Sunday, June 9, 1963
In: Owensboro (KY) (United States)
Sun: 18°03' Gemini AS: 12°27' Leo
Moon: 13°49' Capricorn MC: 3°23' Taurus
Dominants: Taurus, Virgo, Leo
Venus, Sun, Neptune
Houses 10, 1, 11 / Earth, Fire / Fixed
Height: Johnny Depp is 5' 10" (1m78) tall
Biography of Johnny Depp (excerpt)
John Christopher "Johnny" Depp II (born June 9, 1963 (birth time source: birth certificate, Steinbrecher, Astrodatabank)) is an American actor, producer and musician. He has won the Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild award for Best Actor. Depp rose to prominence on the 1980s television series 21 Jump Street, becoming a teen idol.
Born: Friday, March 14, 1879
In: Ulm (Germany)
Sun: 23°30' Pisces AS: 11°38' Cancer
Moon: 14°32' Sagittarius MC: 12°50' Pisces
Dominants: Pisces, Sagittarius, Cancer
Moon, Neptune, Sun
Houses 10, 6, 11 / Water, Fire / Mutable
Height: Albert Einstein is 5' 9½" (1m76) tall
Biography of Albert Einstein (excerpt)
Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879 (birth time source: birth certificate, Astrodatabank) – April 18, 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is best known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass-energy equivalence, E = mc2. He was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.
Born: Wednesday, September 2, 1964
In: Beirut (Lebanon)
Sun: 9°41' Virgo AS: 10°04' Virgo
Moon: 16°06' Cancer MC: 8°05' Gemini
Dominants: Virgo, Cancer, Gemini
Mercury, Sun, Uranus
Houses 1, 11, 6 / Earth, Water / Mutable
Chinese Astrology: Wood Dragon
Height: Keanu Reeves is 6' 1" (1m86) tall
Biography of Keanu Reeves (excerpt)
Keanu Charles Reeves (pron.: /keɪˈɑːnuː/ kay-AH-noo; born September 2, 1964 (birth time source: http//come.to/KeanuCorner/ Emily@writeme.com posts that Reeves is quoted for saying he has Virgo rising, from which she rectified the chart to 05:41 AM, the middle of Virgo. Janet Stack rectified the time to 5:18 AM with the Sun on the ASC.
Born: Tuesday, June 20, 1967
In: Honolulu (HI) (United States)
Sun: 29°00' Gemini AS: 6°20' Scorpio
Moon: 13°43' Sagittarius MC: 7°03' Leo
Dominants: Leo, Scorpio, Virgo
Jupiter, Venus, Pluto
Houses 10, 11, 8 / Fire, Water / Fixed
Chinese Astrology: Fire Goat
Height: Nicole Kidman is 5' 11" (1m80) tall
Biography of Nicole Kidman (excerpt)
Nicole Mary Kidman, AC (born 20 June 1967 (birth time source: Sy Scholfield, from memory, Astrodatabank)) is an Australian actress and producer. Her awards include an Academy Award, two Primetime Emmy Awards, and four Golden Globe Awards. She was listed among the highest-paid actresses in the world in 2006, 2018, and 2019.
Born: Monday, February 20, 1967
In: Aberdeen (WA) (United States)
Sun: 1°49' Pisces AS: 23°21' Virgo
Moon: 13°24' Cancer MC: 21°47' Gemini
Dominants: Pisces, Virgo, Cancer
Uranus, Mercury, Pluto
Houses 6, 7, 10 / Water, Earth / Mutable
Height: Kurt Cobain is 5' 7" (1m70) tall
Biography of Kurt Cobain (excerpt)
Kurt Donald Cobain (February 20, 1967 (birth time source: Craft, Astrodatabank, BC) – c. April 5, 1994) was the lead singer, guitarist, and songwriter of the Seattle-based rock band Nirvana. Cobain was born in Aberdeen, Washington and grew up with a troubled childhood, which he frequently addressed in his songs and interviews.
Born: Monday, November 19, 1962
In: Los Angeles (CA) (United States)
Sun: 26°51' Scorpio AS: 17°56' Sagittarius
Moon: 3°22' Virgo MC: 3°46' Libra
Dominants: Scorpio, Virgo, Sagittarius
Jupiter, Moon, Pluto
Houses 9, 11, 3 / Water, Fire / Mutable
Chinese Astrology: Water Tiger
Height: Jodie Foster is 5' 3" (1m60) tall
Biography of Jodie Foster (excerpt)
Alicia Christian Foster (born November 19, 1962), known professionally as Jodie Foster, is an American actress, film director, and producer. Foster began acting in commercials at the age of three, and her first significant role came in 1976 as a child prostitute in Taxi Driver, for which she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.
Born: Saturday, October 28, 1967
In: Atlanta (GA) (United States)
Sun: 4°03' Scorpio AS: 27°32' Cancer
Moon: 24°47' Leo MC: 15°41' Aries
Dominants: Scorpio, Virgo, Cancer
Mars, Moon, Pluto
Houses 2, 4, 3 / Water, Earth / Cardinal
Height: Julia Roberts is 5' 9" (1m75) tall
Biography of Julia Roberts (excerpt)
Julia Fiona Roberts (born October 28, 1967 (birth time and city source: Gary Newell, birth certificate, Astrodatabank)) is an American actress and producer. She established herself as a leading lady in Hollywood after headlining the romantic comedy film Pretty Woman (1990), which grossed $464 million worldwide.
Born: Wednesday, September 30, 1964
In: Città di Castello (Italy)
Sun: 7°24' Libra AS: 19°58' Capricorn
Moon: 2°42' Leo MC: 16°32' Scorpio
Dominants: Leo, Virgo, Scorpio
Neptune, Saturn, Jupiter
Houses 8, 7, 10 / Earth, Fire / Fixed
Height: Monica Bellucci is 5' 7½" (1m71) tall
Biography of Monica Bellucci (excerpt)
Monica Anna Maria Bellucci (born 30 September 1964 (birth time source: Bordoni, birth certificate)) is an Italian actress and model. Bellucci began her career as a fashion model, modelling for Dolce & Gabbana and Dior, before making a transition to Italian films and later American films and French films.
In: Philadelphia (PA) (United States)
Sun: 3°02' Libra AS: 7°40' Gemini
Moon: 21°08' Scorpio MC: 14°03' Aquarius
Dominants: Libra, Virgo, Gemini
Mercury, Venus, Uranus
Houses 6, 5, 4 / Air, Earth / Mutable
Chinese Astrology: Earth Monkey
Height: Will Smith is 6' 2" (1m88) tall
Biography of Will Smith (excerpt)
Willard Christopher "Will" Smith, Jr. (September 25, 1968 (birth time source: Astrodatabank, from a chart given by Will Smith to an Indian astrologer))) is an Academy Award- and Golden Globe-nominated American actor, and a multiple Grammy-winning hip hop artist. He is one of a small group of people who have enjoyed success in three major entertainment media in the United States: film, television, and the music industry.
Born: Friday, August 9, 1963
In: Newark (NJ) (United States)
Sun: 16°42' Leo AS: 8°17' Pisces
Moon: 17°05' Aries MC: 18°19' Sagittarius
Dominants: Virgo, Leo, Aries
Mercury, Pluto, Sun
Houses 6, 7, 1 / Fire, Earth / Mutable
Height: Whitney Houston is 5' 8" (1m73) tall
Biography of Whitney Houston (excerpt)
Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963 (birth time source, birth certificate, Kathryn Farmer, Astrodatabank) – February 11, 2012) was an American singer, actress, producer, and model. In 2009, the Guinness World Records cited her as the most-awarded female act of all time.
Born: Saturday, July 1, 1967
In: Ladysmith, BC (Canada)
Sun: 8°56' Cancer AS: 22°13' Gemini
Moon: 27°15' Aries MC: 19°35' Aquarius
Dominants: Cancer, Leo, Gemini
Venus, Mercury, Uranus
Houses 4, 5, 11 / Fire, Air / Cardinal
Height: Pamela Anderson is 5' 7" (1m70) tall
Biography of Pamela Anderson (excerpt)
Pamela Denise Anderson (born July 1, 1967) is a Canadian/American[1] actress, sex symbol, glamour model, producer, TV personality, and author. For a time, she was known as Pamela Anderson Lee after marrying the drummer for Mötley Crüe, Tommy Lee. Anderson is popularly known for modeling and television acting in the 1990s and for her large breast implants.
Born: Tuesday, February 16, 1965
In: Angers (49) (France)
Sun: 27°46' Aquarius AS: 10°04' Leo
Moon: 6°34' Virgo MC: 23°54' Aries
Dominants: Aquarius, Virgo, Leo
Houses 7, 2, 3 / Earth, Air / Fixed
Chinese Astrology: Wood Snake
Height: Valérie Trierweiler is 5' 5½" (1m67) tall
Biography of Valérie Trierweiler (excerpt)
Valérie Trierweiler (French pronunciation: ) (née Massonneau; born 16 February 1965 (birth time source: Didier Geslain, birth certificate, n°590). ) is a French journalist. She is mainly known for being the partner of the President of the French Republic, François Hollande, until January 2014.
Born: Thursday, November 17, 1966
In: Paris 15e (France)
Sun: 24°15' Scorpio AS: 23°03' Virgo
Moon: 20°43' Capricorn MC: 21°15' Gemini
Dominants: Virgo, Scorpio, Pisces
Uranus, Pluto, Mars
Chinese Astrology: Fire Horse
Height: Sophie Marceau is 5' 8" (1m73) tall
Biography of Sophie Marceau (excerpt)
Sophie Danièle Sylvie Maupu (French pronunciation: ; born 17 November 1966 (birth time source: Didier Geslain)) is a French actress, director, screenwriter, and author. She has appeared in 39 films. As a teenager, Marceau achieved popularity with her debut films La Boum (1980) and La Boum 2 (1982), receiving a César Award for Most Promising Actress.
Born: Sunday, July 26, 1964
In: Arlington (VA) (United States)
Sun: 3°19' Leo AS: 26°25' Gemini
Moon: 21°58' Aquarius MC: 3°46' Pisces
Dominants: Gemini, Leo, Pisces
Saturn, Mars, Mercury
Houses 12, 1, 3 / Air, Fire / Mutable
Height: Sandra Bullock is 5' 7½" (1m71) tall
Biography of Sandra Bullock (excerpt)
Sandra Annette Bullock (born July 26, 1964 (birth time source: Imdb)) is an American-German actress, producer, and philanthropist. She was the highest paid actress in the world in 2010 and 2014. In 2015, Bullock was chosen as People's Most Beautiful Woman and was included in Time's 100 most influential people in the world in 2010.
Born: Saturday, March 30, 1968
In: Charlemagne, Québec (Canada)
Sun: 10°04' Aries AS: 2°33' Leo
Moon: 29°40' Aries MC: 14°35' Aries
Dominants: Aries, Leo, Pisces
Sun, Saturn, Mars
Houses 9, 10, 3 / Fire, Earth / Cardinal
Height: Céline Dion is 5' 7½" (1m71) tall
Biography of Céline Dion (excerpt)
Céline Marie Claudette Dion, CC, OQ(French pronunciation: ( listen); born March 30, 1968) is a Canadian pop singer, songwriter, actress, and entrepreneur. Born to a large family in Charlemagne, Quebec, Dion emerged as a teen star in the French-speaking world after her manager and future husband René Angélil mortgaged his home to finance her first record.
Born: Sunday, November 11, 1962
In: Roswell (NM) (United States)
Sun: 19°00' Scorpio AS: 22°25' Pisces
Moon: 18°33' Taurus MC: 25°26' Sagittarius
Dominants: Scorpio, Pisces, Taurus
Neptune, Moon, Pluto
Houses 8, 6, 2 / Water, Earth / Fixed
Height: Demi Moore is 5' 5" (1m65) tall
Biography of Demi Moore (excerpt)
Demi Guynes Kutcher (pron.: /dəˈmiː/ de-MEE; born November 11, 1962 (birth time source: Astrodatabank, Basil Fearrington, Howard Sheldon, Penfield, from memory)), known professionally as Demi Moore, is an American actress, film producer, film director, former songwriter, and model. Moore dropped out of high school at age 16 to pursue an entertainment career, and posed for a nude pictorial in Oui magazine in 1980.
Born: Monday, August 5, 1968
In: Neuilly-sur-Seine (92) (France)
Sun: 13°02' Leo AS: 15°29' Libra
Moon: 2°03' Capricorn MC: 19°41' Cancer
Dominants: Leo, Cancer, Libra
Venus, Sun, Saturn
Houses 10, 11, 3 / Fire, Earth / Cardinal
Height: Marine Le Pen is 5' 8½" (1m74) tall
Biography of Marine Le Pen (excerpt)
Marine Le Pen, born Marion Anne Perrine Le Pen on 5 August 1968 at Neuilly-sur-Seine (Hauts-de-Seine)(birth time source: Didier Geslain, birth certificate), is a French politician, a lawyer by profession and president of the Front National (FN) political party since 16 January 2011.
Born: Sunday, April 4, 1965
In: Manhattan, New York (NY) (United States)
Sun: 14°45' Aries AS: 13°52' Leo
Moon: 19°12' Taurus MC: 3°36' Taurus
Dominants: Aries, Taurus, Virgo
Sun, Mars, Pluto
Houses 9, 2, 10 / Fire, Earth / Fixed
Height: Robert Downey Jr. is 5' 8½" (1m74) tall
Biography of Robert Downey Jr. (excerpt)
Robert John Downey, Jr. (born April 4, 1965 in New York (birth time source: Marion March, Astrodatabank)) is an American actor, producer, and singer. His career has been characterized by critical and popular success in his youth, followed by a period of substance abuse and legal troubles, before a resurgence of commercial success in middle age.
In: Reykjavik (Iceland)
Sun: 28°50' Scorpio AS: 15°34' Scorpio
Moon: 6°51' Scorpio MC: 19°59' Virgo
Dominants: Scorpio, Virgo, Capricorn
Pluto, Uranus, Neptune
Houses 10, 2, 1 / Earth, Water / Mutable
Height: Björk is 5' 4" (1m63) tall
Biography of Björk (excerpt)
Björk Guðmundsdóttir (born November 21, 1965 in Reykjavík, Iceland (birth time source: rectifed time of birth from an approximate time) is an Icelandic singer/songwriter and composer, as well as an occasional actress. She is best known for her expressive range and an interest in many kinds of music, including pop, alternative rock, jazz, ambient music, electronica, folk, and classical music.
Carla Bruni Sarkozy
Born: Saturday, December 23, 1967
In: Turin (Italy)
Sun: 1°11' Capricorn AS: 19°07' Cancer
Moon: 21°49' Virgo MC: 26°26' Pisces
Dominants: Virgo, Cancer, Scorpio
Moon, Uranus, Pluto
Houses 3, 6, 5 / Earth, Water / Mutable
Height: Carla Bruni Sarkozy is 5' 9" (1m75) tall
Biography of Carla Bruni Sarkozy (excerpt)
Carla Bruni-Sarkozy (born Carla Gilberta Bruni Tedeschi; 23 December 1967 (birth time source: Grazia Bordoni, birth certificate)) is an Italian-French singer-songwriter and former supermodel. In 2008, she married Nicolas Sarkozy, then president of France and ex-officio co-prince of Andorra. Bruni was born in Italy and moved to France at the age of seven.
Born: Wednesday, August 14, 1963
In: Gassin (France)
Sun: 20°40' Leo AS: 14°37' Leo
Moon: 15°47' Gemini MC: 3°10' Taurus
Dominants: Leo, Virgo, Gemini
Sun, Venus, Saturn
Houses 1, 2, 11 / Fire, Air / Fixed
Height: Emmanuelle Béart is 5' 4" (1m63) tall
Biography of Emmanuelle Béart (excerpt)
Béart was born in Gassin, Var (not far from St. Tropez), on the French Riviera. She is the daughter of the French singer and poet Guy Béart, and actress Geneviève Galéa. In a recent trip to Croatia, she revealed that one of her grandmothers was Croatian.
Born: Tuesday, April 7, 1964
In: Wellington (New Zealand)
Sun: 16°47' Aries AS: 20°33' Aquarius
Moon: 1°51' Aquarius MC: 12°07' Scorpio
Dominants: Aries, Aquarius, Virgo
Uranus, Neptune, Mercury
Houses 3, 7, 12 / Air, Earth / Fixed
Height: Russell Crowe is 5' 11" (1m80) tall
Biography of Russell Crowe (excerpt)
Russell Ira Crowe (born April 7, 1964) is a New Zealand-Australian actor. Crowe is a recipient of an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in 2000's Gladiator. Early life Crowe was born in Wellington, New Zealand to Jocelyn Yvonne Wemyss and John Alexander Crowe, both of whom were caterers.
Born: Tuesday, October 25, 1881
In: Málaga (Spain)
Sun: 2°43' Scorpio AS: 5°42' Leo
Moon: 8°13' Sagittarius MC: 25°10' Aries
Dominants: Scorpio, Taurus, Leo
Sun, Jupiter, Venus
Houses 4, 10, 5 / Water, Fire / Fixed
Height: Pablo Picasso is 5' 4" (1m63) tall
Biography of Pablo Picasso (excerpt)
Pablo Ruiz Picasso (October 25, 1881 (birth time source: birth certificate from Filipe Ferreira, Astrodatabank) – April 8, 1973) was a Spanish painter and sculptor. His full name was Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Clito Ruiz y Picasso.
Born: Sunday, August 14, 1966
In: Cleveland (OH) (United States)
Sun: 21°53' Leo AS: 20°05' Taurus
Moon: 3°11' Leo MC: 29°03' Capricorn
Dominants: Leo, Cancer, Taurus
Venus, Neptune, Jupiter
Houses 4, 3, 7 / Water, Fire / Fixed
Height: Halle Berry is 5' 7" (1m70) tall
Biography of Halle Berry (excerpt)
Halle Maria Berry (born August 14, 1966 (birth time source: Astrodatabank)) is an award-winning American actress. Berry has received Emmy and Golden Globe awards, and was awarded the Academy Award in 2002 for her performance in Monster's Ball. She is the only woman of African American descent to have won the award for Best Actress.
In: Gori (Georgia)
Sun: 26°12' Sagittarius AS: 7°10' Capricorn
Moon: 10°35' Libra MC: 2°46' Scorpio
Dominants: Capricorn, Sagittarius, Scorpio
Venus, Saturn, Neptune
Height: Joseph Stalin is 5' 4" (1m62) tall
Biography of Joseph Stalin (excerpt)
Joseph Stalin (Georgian: ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი, Russian: Иосиф Сталин, ISO 9: Iosif Stalin; December 18 1878 – March 5, 1953) was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953.
Born: Monday, December 27, 1965
In: Indore, Madhya Pradesh (India)
Sun: 5°15' Capricorn AS: 3°54' Pisces
Moon: 23°04' Aquarius MC: 11°36' Sagittarius
Dominants: Aquarius, Pisces, Sagittarius
Saturn, Mercury, Neptune
Houses 12, 10, 1 / Water, Air / Mutable
Height: Salman Khan is 5' 6½" (1m69) tall
Biography of Salman Khan (excerpt)
Salman Khan (Hindi: सलमान ख़ान)(pronunciation: /səlmɑːn xɑːn/), born Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan on December 27, 1965 in Indore, Madhya Pradesh (birth time source: Sy Scholfield quotes from Being Salman by Jasim Khan (Penguin UK, 2015)) is an Indian film actor, producer, occasional singer and television personality.
Born: Tuesday, November 2, 1965
In: Delhi (India)
Sun: 9°24' Scorpio AS: 6°42' Scorpio
Moon: 16°52' Aquarius MC: 9°37' Leo
Sun, Pluto, Moon
Houses 1, 4, 11 / Water, Fire / Fixed
Height: Shahrukh Khan is 5' 8" (1m73) tall
Biography of Shahrukh Khan (excerpt)
Shahrukh Khan (Devanagari: शाहरुख़ ख़ान, Nastaleeq: شاهرخ خان, pronunciation: /ʃɑːhrux xɑːn/) born November 2, 1965 (birth time source: Sy Scholfield, Astrodatabank, from himself on Twitter "i think 6.25 am..thats the only time i came for work early.."), is a highly acclaimed Bollywood actor, producer, and was recently the host of the popular game show, Kaun Banega Crorepati.
Born: Saturday, July 31, 1965
In: Yate (United Kingdom)
Sun: 8°23' Leo AS: 15°22' Aquarius
Moon: 25°23' Virgo MC: 10°54' Sagittarius
Dominants: Virgo, Leo, Aquarius
Sun, Uranus, Mercury
Houses 7, 6, 8 / Earth, Air / Mutable
Height: J. K. Rowling is 5' 5" (1m65) tall
Biography of J. K. Rowling (excerpt)
Joanne Rowling CH, OBE, FRSL, FRCPE, FRSE (born 31 July 1965 (birth time source:herself on Twitter, she claims to be Aquarius rising at https://twitter.com/jk_rowling/status/822349246938681344 9:10 pm corresponds approximately to the middle of Aquarius)), better known by her pen names J. K.
Born: Sunday, February 17, 1963
In: Brooklyn, New York (NY) (United States)
Sun: 28°23' Aquarius AS: 13°06' Cancer
Dominants: Pisces, Aquarius, Sagittarius
Jupiter, Venus, Moon
Houses 9, 6, 7 / Water, Earth / Mutable
Height: Michael Jordan is 6' 6" (1m98) tall
Biography of Michael Jordan (excerpt)
Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963 (birth time source: birth certificate, Astrodatabank)) is a retired American professional basketball player. Widely considered one of the greatest basketball players of all time, he became one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was instrumental in popularizing the NBA (National Basketball Association) around the world in the 1980s and 1990s.
Born: Sunday, February 7, 1965
In: Caudéran (33) (France)
Sun: 18°20' Aquarius AS: 22°17' Aquarius
Dominants: Aquarius, Virgo, Aries
Uranus, Sun, Jupiter
Houses 12, 7, 2 / Air, Earth / Fixed
Height: Julien Courbet is 6' 1" (1m86) tall
Biography of Julien Courbet (excerpt)
Julien Courbet (born February 7, 1965) is a French journalist, television presenter and producer. Early life and education Julien Courbet was born Frédéric René Courbet in Caudéran (birth time and city source: Didier Geslain, BC), a town located in the suburb of Bordeaux, department of Gironde.
Born: Thursday, July 9, 1964
In: San Francisco (CA) (United States)
Sun: 17°39' Cancer AS: 26°20' Libra
Moon: 23°16' Cancer MC: 0°13' Leo
Moon, Mercury, Sun
Houses 9, 8, 10 / Water, Air / Cardinal
Height: Courtney Love is 5' 8" (1m73) tall
Biography of Courtney Love (excerpt)
Courtney Love (born July 9, 1964 (birth time source: Nancy Hastings, Astrodatabank, birth certificate)) is an American rock musician and Golden Globe-nominated actress, best-known as lead singer for the now-defunct alternative rock band Hole and for her two-year marriage to Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain.
In: DeKalb (IL) (United States)
Sun: 1°45' Pisces AS: 22°33' Cancer
Moon: 5°58' Pisces MC: 3°53' Aries
Dominants: Pisces, Cancer, Capricorn
Moon, Mars, Venus
Height: Cindy Crawford is 5' 9" (1m75) tall
Biography of Cindy Crawford (excerpt)
Cynthia Ann Crawford (born February 20, 1966, in Dekalb, Illinois (birth time source: Craft, Astrodatabank)) is an American supermodel, MTV television personality, celebrity endorser, cover girl, and actress. Early life Born in DeKalb, Illinois, to Dan Crawford and Jennifer Crawford in 1966, Cindy Crawford's trademark is a visible mole on her face (although most people refer to it as a "beauty mark").
Born: Tuesday, May 28, 1968
In: Melbourne (Australia)
Sun: 6°46' Gemini AS: 26°22' Cancer
Moon: 14°43' Gemini MC: 18°04' Taurus
Dominants: Gemini, Cancer, Virgo
Venus, Neptune, Moon
Houses 11, 10, 2 / Air, Water / Mutable
Height: Kylie Minogue is 5' (1m53) tall
Biography of Kylie Minogue (excerpt)
Kylie Ann Minogue (born 28 May 1968 (birth time source: Frank C. Clifford, Astrodatabank, from several biographies. The old source, The Complete Kylie Minogue by Simon Sheridan could not be checked) is an Australian dance-pop singer-songwriter and occasional actress. Minogue rose to prominence in the mid '80s through her role in the Australian television soap opera Neighbours, before she commenced her career as a pop artist in the late '80s.
Born: Thursday, June 30, 1966
In: Brooklyn (NY) (United States)
Sun: 8°33' Cancer AS: 7°02' Scorpio
Moon: 14°46' Sagittarius MC: 14°28' Leo
Dominants: Cancer, Scorpio, Leo
Pluto, Mercury, Jupiter
Height: Mike Tyson is 5' 10" (1m78) tall
Biography of Mike Tyson (excerpt)
Michael Gerard Tyson, (born June 30, 1966 (birth time source: http://www.futurepointindia.com/horoscope/celebrityhoroscope/celebrityhoroscope.aspx)) is a former American World Heavyweight boxing Champion. Tyson was the youngest man to have won a heavyweight title belt. During his prime in the late 1980s and early 1990s Tyson was one of the most recognizable athletes in the world.
In: Johnstone, Renfrewshire (United Kingdom)
Sun: 15°53' Scorpio AS: 24°09' Gemini
Moon: 23°25' Virgo MC: 11°45' Aquarius
Dominants: Virgo, Scorpio, Gemini
Uranus, Jupiter, Pluto
Height: Gordon Ramsay is 6' 1½" (1m87) tall
Biography of Gordon Ramsay (excerpt)
Gordon James Ramsay, OBE, (born 8 November 1966 (birth time source: Paul Wright, Astrodatabank)) is a chef, television personality and restaurateur. He has been awarded a total of 16 Michelin Stars, and in 2001 became one of only three chefs in the United Kingdom to hold three Michelin stars at one time.
Born: Friday, September 2, 1966
In: Coatzacoalcos (Mexico)
Sun: 9°48' Virgo
Moon: 9°39' Aries
Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn
Earth, Fire / Mutable
Height: Salma Hayek is 5' 2" (1m57) tall
Biography of Salma Hayek (excerpt)
Salma Hayek Jiménez (born September 2, 1966) is an Academy Award-nominated Mexican actress, Daytime Emmy-winning director, and a film and television producer. Hayek has appeared in more than thirty films and performed as an actress outside of Hollywood in Mexico and Spain.
Born: Tuesday, January 7, 1964
Sun: 16°17' Capricorn AS: 24°03' Sagittarius
Moon: 26°13' Libra MC: 11°19' Libra
Dominants: Capricorn, Libra, Aries
Jupiter, Venus, Mercury
Houses 1, 4, 2 / Earth, Air / Cardinal
Height: Nicolas Cage is 6' (1m83) tall
Biography of Nicolas Cage (excerpt)
Nicolas Cage (born Nicholas Coppola on January 7, 1964) is an Academy Award-winning American actor. Cage has also worked as a director and producer, through his production company Saturn Films. As of 2007, he has been nominated twice for an Academy Award as Best Actor in a Leading Role, winning one of them for his performance in Leaving Las Vegas.
In: Auckland (New Zealand)
Sun: 8°08' Aries AS: 5°58' Aries
Moon: 6°05' Aries MC: 6°39' Capricorn
Dominants: Aries, Pisces, Taurus
Moon, Sun, Mars
Height: Lucy Lawless is 5' 9½" (1m77) tall
Biography of Lucy Lawless (excerpt)
Lucy Lawless (born Lucille Frances Ryan on March 29, 1968 in Auckland (birth time source: Richard Nolle, Astrodatabank) is a New Zealand actress and singer best known for her role as Xena on the television series Xena: Warrior Princess from 1995 to 2001.
Born: Wednesday, March 27, 1963
In: Knoxville (TN) (United States)
Sun: 6°21' Aries
Moon: 8°14' Taurus
Dominants: Aries, Taurus, Aquarius
Moon, Venus, Mars
Fire, Earth / Fixed
Height: Quentin Tarantino is 6' 1" (1m85) tall
Biography of Quentin Tarantino (excerpt)
Quentin Jerome Tarantino (born March 27, 1963) is an American film director, actor, and Academy Award-winning screenwriter. He rose to fame in the early 1990s as an auteur indie filmmaker whose films used nonlinear storylines, edgy tough-guy dialogue, and stylized violence interwoven with often-obscure cinematic references.
In: Finchley, London (United Kingdom)
Sun: 2°56' Cancer AS: 17°14' Cancer
Moon: 20°50' Leo MC: 16°22' Pisces
Dominants: Cancer, Virgo, Gemini
Houses 3, 12, 5 / Water, Earth / Mutable
Height: George Michael is 6' (1m83) tall
Biography of George Michael (excerpt)
Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou (25 June 1963 (birth time source: Frank Clifford, Janey Stubb, Astrodatabank) – 25 December 2016), known professionally as George Michael, was an English singer, songwriter, and record producer who rose to fame as a member (with Andrew Ridgeley) of the music duo Wham!.
Born: Sunday, January 12, 1964
In: Albuquerque (NM) (United States)
Sun: 21°35' Capricorn AS: 20°02' Aries
Moon: 28°09' Sagittarius MC: 11°54' Capricorn
Dominants: Capricorn, Aries, Aquarius
Jupiter, Mars, Saturn
Houses 10, 9, 11 / Earth, Fire / Cardinal
Height: Jeff Bezos is 5' 7½" (1m71) tall
Biography of Jeff Bezos (excerpt)
Jeffrey Preston Bezos (/ˈbeɪzoʊs/; né Jorgensen; born January 12, 1964 (birth time source: data not reliable, rectified time of birth, by Metin Özenbaş, source page 123 at https://infinityastrologicalmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/IAM19-The-Fate-Issue-May-June2018-2.pdf) is an American technology and retail entrepreneur, investor, electrical engineer, computer scientist, and philanthropist, best known as the founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Amazon.
In: Saumur (France)
Sun: 26°17' Leo AS: 29°38' Sagittarius
Moon: 11°30' Pisces MC: 29°40' Libra
Dominants: Leo, Gemini, Sagittarius
Mars, Jupiter, Sun
Houses 8, 6, 7 / Fire, Air / Mutable
Height: Coco Chanel is 5' 5½" (1m66) tall
Biography of Coco Chanel (excerpt)
Gabrielle Bonheur "Coco" Chanel (August 19, 1883 – January 10, 1971) was a pioneering French fashion designer whose modernist philosophy, menswear-inspired fashions, and pursuit of expensive simplicity made her arguably the most important figure in the history of 20th-century fashion. Her influence on haute couture was such that she was the only person in the field to be named on TIME Magazine's 100 most influential people of the 20th century.
Born: Wednesday, November 23, 1966
Sun: 1°09' Sagittarius AS: 14°31' Leo
Dominants: Leo, Sagittarius, Virgo
Mars, Sun, Jupiter
Height: Vincent Cassel is 6' 1½" (1m87) tall
Biography of Vincent Cassel (excerpt)
Vincent Crochon (born November 23, 1966 in Paris 15e (birth time source: Didier Geslain, birth certificate)) is a French actor. Born in Paris as Vincent Crochon, he is the son of French actor Jean-Pierre Cassel. Vincent Cassel is a famous French actor known for tough guy roles.
Born: Monday, March 9, 1964
In: Paris (France)
Sun: 18°55' Pisces AS: 9°11' Cancer
Moon: 22°39' Capricorn MC: 9°11' Pisces
Mars, Uranus, Pluto
Houses 10, 11, 7 / Water, Earth / Mutable
Height: Juliette Binoche is 5' 6" (1m68) tall
Biography of Juliette Binoche (excerpt)
Juliette Binoche (born March 9, 1964) is a French Academy Award-winning actress. Juliette Binoche was born in Paris on March 9 1964 to a sculptor father and an actress mother.At age 4 her parents were divorced and Binoche was dispatched to a boarding school with her sister Marion.
In: New York (NY) (United States)
Sun: 11°22' Virgo AS: 1°57' Gemini
Moon: 25°59' Sagittarius MC: 8°36' Aquarius
Dominants: Virgo, Gemini, Leo
Mercury, Uranus, Saturn
Height: Charlie Sheen is 5' 10" (1m78) tall
Biography of Charlie Sheen (excerpt)
Carlos Irwin Estévez (born September 3, 1965 (birth time source: Linda Clark quotes him; he said B.C., Astrodatabank)), known professionally as Charlie Sheen, is an American actor. Sheen became famous for a series of successful films such as Platoon (1986), Wall Street (1987), Young Guns (1988), Eight Men Out (1988), Major League (1989), Hot Shots! (1991), and The Three Musketeers (1993).
Born: Monday, August 13, 1962
In: Horta, Barcelona (Spain)
Sun: 20°32' Leo AS: 24°30' Aquarius
Moon: 22°49' Capricorn MC: 10°30' Sagittarius
Dominants: Virgo, Aquarius, Leo
Houses 7, 6, 12 / Air, Earth / Mutable
Height: Manuel Valls is 5' 8" (1m73) tall
Biography of Manuel Valls (excerpt)
Manuel Carlos Valls (French: , born 13 August 1962 (birth time source: French Wikipedia)) is a Spanish-born French Socialist Party politician. He was appointed Prime Minister by President François Hollande in 2014. Prior to his post as Prime Minister, Valls was the Minister of the Interior beginning in 2012.
Born: Monday, May 4, 1964
In: Lanciano (Italy)
Sun: 13°59' Taurus AS: 16°43' Leo
Moon: 8°21' Aquarius MC: 6°35' Taurus
Dominants: Taurus, Leo, Aquarius
Jupiter, Sun, Mercury
Houses 10, 9, 6 / Earth, Fire / Fixed
Height: Rocco Siffredi is 6' 3" (1m90) tall
Biography of Rocco Siffredi (excerpt)
Rocco Siffredi, byname of Rocco Tano (born May 4, 1964 in Ortona, Abruzzo, Italy) is a former pornographic actor, now working as a director and producer of pornographic movies. As of 2005, he has starred in over 1,300 pornographic films. Siffredi's screen name was reportedly inspired by a character from the movie Borsalino (1970), "Roch Siffredi", played by Alain Delon.
Born: Thursday, March 25, 1965
In: Nelsonville (OH) (United States)
Sun: 4°42' Aries AS: 0°26' Gemini
Moon: 10°18' Capricorn MC: 8°11' Aquarius
Dominants: Aries, Virgo, Gemini
Jupiter, Uranus, Mercury
Houses 11, 5, 12 / Earth, Fire / Mutable
Height: Sarah Jessica Parker is 5' 4" (1m63) tall
Biography of Sarah Jessica Parker (excerpt)
Sarah Jessica Parker (born March 25, 1965 (birth time source: biography by Marc Shapiro, by email)) is an American actress, model, singer and producer. She is best known for her leading role as Carrie Bradshaw on the HBO television series Sex and the City (1998–2004), for which she won four Golden Globe Awards, three Screen Actors Guild Awards, and two Emmy Awards.
House in Sign
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Systematic field-survey was carried out in the territories of Contrada Termine and Contrada Felci within the comune of Pignataro Interamna. This was done by parallel lines and by putting the surveyors (5-9) at a distance of 3-5 m from each other (intensive survey). Basic unit of the survey was the individual field defined as a consistent and bounded land plot with even visibility conditions (Unità Topografica – UT / lit. 'Topographic Unit'). The ploughsoil assemblage distribution model here adopted hinged on site and offsite notions. Site was defined as a higher concentration of archaeological material with respect to the general situation within the Unità Topografica and therefore possible indicator of a past human settlement. Offsite was defined as a more diffused and less homogenous spread of archaeological material within the Unità Topografica, but nonetheless an indicator of some past human activity (e.g. manuring).
Conditions in the landscape in September (e.g. ploughing) were much varied and often inadequate in terms of surface visibility. Because of this and in order to achieve the best possible results, the systematic survey was carried out in limited and discontinuous areas. Much better conditions were met in October, us allowing us to fill the gaps in the coverage. All sites were georeferenced by way of a Garmin eTrex Venture HC GPS receiver, whilst altitudes were derived from the Carta Tecnica Regionale del Lazio Ril.1991 (i.e. the Regional Technical Map from Lazio 1991 edition, 1:10000).
UT 209: background-noise off-site (Roman period).
SITO 36 (UT 197): small/medium rural site (275 BC – AD 100).
It is worth noting that 74 Topographic Units (UT 104-106, 108-111, 113-114, 116-117, 119, 121, 124-133, 135-136, 138-151, 153-154, 156, 158-162, 164-166, 169, 171-172, 174, 180-183, 190-192, 195-201, 203-209) e 10 sites (SITO 25-34) have been identified and recorded for the very first time.
In general we have observed a lower level of archaeological visibility than in the previous years (32 Topographic Units did not produce any archaeological find: UT 103, 107, 112, 115, 118, 120, 122-123, 134, 137, 152, 155, 157, 163, 167-168, 170, 173, 175-179, 184-189, 193-194, 202). This is due to unfavourable geomorphological conditions (e.g. marked sedimentary process along via Ravano) and – most of all – to the nature of buried archaeology and the underlying ancient settlement patterns. The quantity of surface materials was equally quite reduced in comparison with earlier years. Onsite sampling was nonetheless chosen as our main collection strategy (only diagnostic shards in terms of shape and fabric).
Our data allow us to develop some hypotheses about ancient settlement patterns. First of all one cannot fail to observe how the relative lack of archaeology in the Southern sector of Contrada Felci (UT 121-130) might indeed mirror the original situation – e.g. one settlement (SITO 25) on top of the hill and thus controlling the areas below it. This reading, however, might be misguided given the fact that the top of the hill is currently occupied by houses and buildings of various kind. Whatever the case, this situation seems the same as the one we encountered more to the North (UT 131-138) and which extends up to SITO 26-31.
The area to the East of Interamna Lirenas – which French scholars had already identified as one of early Roman colonial occupation – has yielded some relevant evidence (SITO 32-36) not far from the road which linked Interamna Lirenas with Casinum. The area which is cut across by via Ravano (Southern sector of Contrada Termine) has not yielded much material (SITO 24 is an exception), according to a pattern that can be probably explained in relation to the geo-morphology and its relevant impact on archaeological visibility (i.e. area of deep sediments).
More in general one cannot but take note of the fact that there are strong signs of settlement continuity throughout all the Roman period and much beyond it.


text:
Cut and Run Page 1
Author: Mary Burton
Series: Criminal Profiler #3
Genres: Mystery , Thriller
Exact Time Unknown
When the stairs leading down to the basement creaked, the young woman struggled to her feet. She pressed one hand to her very pregnant belly and gripped a metal pipe with the other as she listened to the steady, purposeful steps approaching the locked door. Keys rattled as mumbled curses echoed on the other side. She'd lost track of how many days she'd been waiting for him to return.
She took a step back, and her fingers tightened around the weapon, once a part of her cot's frame. For days, she'd been working on the screws holding her bed together. She'd used her fingernails and a small bedspring, tearing and ripping her nails in the process of loosening the screws. Last night the final screw and the metal rod had fallen to the floor with a loud ping. She'd wept, clutching her new best friend to her chest as she rocked back and forth. Months in this windowless box could come to an end today, if she was very careful.
The first lock turned. More keys rattled.
He had visited her every few days for months, bringing her food, magazines, prenatal vitamins, and larger clothes as her belly had expanded. He rarely spoke to her, occasionally asking how the baby was faring. Did it kick? Did it move? She'd never been pregnant before, so she had no way of knowing what normal was or wasn't.
A dead bolt turned, and the door swung open. He stood in the doorway, two bags of groceries in his hands. He vacantly gazed toward her and then to the small table by the kitchenette.
She smiled, her hand behind her back, her fingers gripping the metal so hard her knuckles ached. She had this one chance. One chance.
"Why are you standing?" he asked as he dumped the groceries on the table. "You should have your feet up. It's a matter of days before the baby comes."
"My belly has been cramping. Feels better to stand." That was true. The muscles in her stomach had begun to contract and release. At first she thought it was the baby curling into a ball and then stretching out. But she then realized time was running out.
"Is the baby kicking?" he asked.
"All the time." Also true. In the early weeks of her captivity, all she'd wanted to do was sleep and block out the baby and this room. Every kick to her bladder, cramp in her lower back, and bout of indigestion reminded her she'd been such a dumbass. And sometimes, when the loneliness overcame her, she wasn't sure if the kid was on her side or not.
"I brought you a few more magazines." He sounded proud, pleased with himself. "They're the current issues this time."
He carefully laid them on the small table in her room and fanned them into a neat arc. She studied the glossy covers and summoned a smile. He expected her to be pleased by this rare act of kindness. So she beamed, wanting him to believe she was docile and weak even as her mind buzzed with images of crushing in his skull. The bold magazine headlines skittered across her brain, barely registering. "Summer Beach Reads." "Hot Makeup Colors." "Short Shorts." "A Glimpse into Fall Fashion."
If anything, the magazines told her spring had given way to summer. "What day is it?" she asked.
He set the two plastic grocery bags beside the sink. "It's Friday or maybe Saturday. No more than two weeks until the baby is born."
The last time she'd seen the date displayed had been June 1, weeks after he'd locked her in this room. The paper had contained an article about her. In that piece she'd read the quote from her mother: "We don't think she's a runaway."
Think. Even her mother doubted that she'd been taken.
He'd left the paper with her, knowing it would fuel her doubts and fears that the search for her was dwindling.
After that article, she'd known there would be no savior. No one was coming. If she was going to be rescued, she would have to save herself.
"And then you'll let me go, right?" she asked.
"I told you I would." He carefully unpacked apples, bananas, bread, and packets of noodles. There were also eggs, milk, and cheese—everything for a healthy baby. And if she wanted to heat up her food or cook the eggs, there was only the microwave. No metal or glass. Just paper plates and cups. No pens or pencils. Nothing dangerous.
"Too much at stake now. Can't have you doing something careless," he said.
But she had already done the stupidest thing in her life. She'd believed his beautiful lies that had promised rescue from a nasty breakup and parents who did not want her or her baby. He'd baited this unholy trap with smiles and sweet words, and she'd stepped right into it. Now she and her baby would pay a steep price if she didn't make the first swing count.
"I also brought you more clothes," he said. "Your belly is getting so big, girl. You're straining at the edges of that extra-large T-shirt."
She mirrored his smile, hoping it would lower his guard just a little. "Baby's going to be a big one."
"Healthy and strong, just like the Lord intended. You'll thank me when it's born."
Thank him? For locking her in this room? "I haven't always been grateful for what you've done for me. But each time my baby kicks, I say a prayer of thanks," she lied.
"That's good. Real good. Feisty is a good quality in a child."
Looking satisfied, he turned and opened the tiny refrigerator and began placing perishables inside. First the milk.
She drew in a breath and gripped the pipe even tighter, picturing it striking the back of his head.
As he rummaged in the refrigerator to make room for the eggs and cheese, she took a step forward. He chatted about her needing to eat more, and she raised the pipe over her head, not making a sound as she lunged, focused solely on connecting metal to bone. She had one chance and couldn't bear to think what would happen if she failed.
Right before the pipe slammed down, he glanced up, and his smile vanished. Quick as a cat, he twisted to the right and raised his arm, and the pipe connected with his forearm.
He grunted in pain and snarled. "Bitch!"
Driven by pure panic now, she tried to raise the pipe again, but before she could, his left fist connected with her jaw, sending shock waves of pain through her head. She staggered, dropped to her knees. Her grip slackened upon the pipe, and it fell to the floor with a loud clang. It slowly rolled out of reach as her vision blurred.
His breathing was hot and quick as he picked up the pipe and, grabbing her by the hair, hauled her up to her feet. She could feel her hair tearing away from her skull as the pain in her jaw throbbed. She tasted blood, and her tongue skimmed over a broken tooth. She instinctively guarded her abdomen.
He raised the pipe, ready to strike. "I always thought you were just too kind and sweet. But you weren't nice at all. You were angling to get me to drop my guard. But I've been around this particular block before. I know how women like you lie."
"I'm sorry! I won't do it again!" she screamed.
He pulled her bloodied face next to his. "If it were up to me, I'd beat the living piss out of you. I'd punch every tooth down your throat." He shoved her onto the metal cot like a rag doll. He raised the pipe, reminding her how well he could inflict pain while safeguarding the baby.
"I won't do it again. I won't!" she pleaded, her trembling hands blocking her face.
"If you try that again, I will break your hands and feet. Do you understand me, girl?"
Tears streamed down her face as she tried to make herself as small as possible.
"Do you hear me!"
"Yes," she choked. "I won't move."
He hauled her off the cot and made her stand in the corner as he dumped the mattress on the floor, lifted the cot, and shoved it out the door. It landed in the hallway, forever out of her reach.
He left the room, slamming the door behind him. She didn't hear the lock or the rattle of keys. She sat a little straighter, listening to the thud of his footsteps, and wondered if she should dare make another escape attempt.
But just as quickly as the idea came, she abandoned it. The door opened, and he reappeared, gripping a chain with a manacle. "I should have done this on the first day. But I was trying to be nice. I don't like being mean. You have only yourself to blame."
He bolted one end to a hook wedged deep in the wall and reached for her ankle. Driven by reflex and fear, she kicked his hand away. But he gripped her leg so tight his fingernails bit into her flesh. He clamped the manacle around her ankle and locked it.
The metal compressed inflexibly against her skin and immediately began to chafe. "You don't have to do this. I'll be good."
"You had your chance to be good." He drew back from her, breathless and rubbing his forearm as if it still pained him. As scared as she was, she was glad she'd hurt him. It was worth the broken tooth and the pain still rattling around in her head to see him suffer.
"I want to get out of here!" she shouted.
He backed up toward the door, scooping up the metal pipe. "Oh, you will, darlin'. I'll let you go as soon as you give me a healthy baby."
The kid kicked her hard in the ribs, matching the beat of the heart hammering in her chest. "Why do you want my baby?"
"It's spoken for. A decent couple who can give it all it deserves." As he fished his keys from his pocket, a pen fell out and tumbled to the floor, rolling out of sight under the refrigerator. But he was too angry to notice as he rubbed his forearm and then slammed the door behind him. This time the dead bolt clicked into place.
She wrapped her fingers around the manacle and pulled at it, wincing as it scraped her skin. Tears welled in her eyes, but she refused to give in to the pure fear that threatened to swallow her.
She stood and walked toward the door, only to find out that her tether stopped several feet short of it. She had just enough slack to reach the toilet, the dresser, and the refrigerator. The microwave was inches out of reach.
She dropped to her knees and slid her fingers into the small space under the refrigerator. Her fingertips touched the pen, which for several tense seconds rolled just out of her reach. She pressed her bruised cheek to the refrigerator door, stretched her arm, and prayed for the pen, which miraculously came into reach. She coaxed it out from under the appliance and gripped it in her hands. It was a simple ballpoint pen. She pulled the blue plastic top off and tried to wedge it into the lock on the manacle. Unflinching metal quickly ate up the plastic, leaving her with a choice to now use the pen tip on the lock or save it for something else.
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Accurate? Can you confirm, please? Thanks.-Mike DNC to offer Sanders a convention concession - The Washington Post<https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/dnc-to-offer-sanders-a-convention-concession/2016/05/19/99706b54-1df4-11e6-8c7b-6931e66333e7_story.html> n an attempt to head off an ugly conflict at its convention this summer, the Democratic National Committee plans to offer a concession to Sen. Bernie Sanders — seats on a key convention platform committee — but it may not be enough to stop Sanders from picking a fight over the party's policy positions. Allies of both Clinton and Sanders have urged Democratic leaders to meet some of Sanders's more mundane demands for greater inclusion at the Philadelphia convention. Their decision to do so is expected to be finalized by the end of the week, according to two people familiar with the discussions. But growing mistrust between Sanders supporters and party leaders have threatened to undermine that effort. Even with the committee assignments, Sanders plans an aggressive effort to extract platform concessions on key policies that could prompt divisive battles at a moment when front-runner Hillary Clinton will be trying to unify the party. Among other issues, he plans to push for a $15 national minimum wage and argue that the party needs a more balanced position regarding Israel and Palestinians, according to a Sanders campaign aide who requested anonymity to speak candidly. Mike Emanuel Chief Congressional / Senior Political Correspondent Fox News 202-251-2356 This message and its attachments may contain legally privileged or confidential information. It is intended solely for the named addressee. If you are not the addressee indicated in this message (or responsible for delivery of the message to the addressee), you may not copy or deliver this message or its attachments to anyone. Rather, you should permanently delete this message and its attachments and kindly notify the sender by reply e-mail. Any content of this message and its attachments that does not relate to the official business of Fox News or Fox Business must not be taken to have been sent or endorsed by either of them. No representation is made that this email or its attachments are without defect.


text:
News, Reviews and Features 'Likeable, intelligent & witty': RATTLED – Old Red Lion Theatre
'Likeable, intelligent & witty': RATTLED – Old Red Lion Theatre
In London theatre, Opinion, Plays, Reviews by Liz Dyer 18th February 2019 Leave a Comment
Old Red Lion Theatre, London – until 2 March 2019
Inspired by a mother's true account, Rachel Harper's one-woman play Rattled is a short but punchy production tackling the sensitive topics of childhood trauma and postnatal mental health. The play is set on a lonely railway platform somewhere in southern England, where Em has just discovered a baby in a carrier.
Unable to track down the child's mother, she sits down to wait – and then, to fill the awkward silence, she begins to talk. Soon we (and baby) have heard all about her nice but dull husband Ian, their unsatisfying marriage, and her fear that she may have settled too easily and missed out on a great romance. We also learn about her childhood trauma and the abuse and neglect she suffered, and it doesn't take long to guess the answer to Em's repeated and increasingly desperate question: whose baby is this?
Though it deals with some difficult issues, Rattled isn't as hard going as it sounds; in fact it's a surprisingly funny play, whose aim is never to wallow in the misery of mental illness but rather to advocate talking as the first step to recovery. Em is a very likeable, intelligent and witty character, and Harper is exceptional – both as a writer and an actor – in her utterly convincing portrayal of this vulnerable young woman who's been through so much and now finds herself at breaking point.
Her story unfolds very plausibly as a stream of consciousness, meandering from one memory to another and punctuated by musings on everything from Wuthering Heights to the parenting habits of orangutans. It all sounds random, unplanned – but in reality, not one word is wasted in this tightly constructed piece of writing.
This efficiency is reflected also in director Jemma Gross' fast-moving production. Simple, effective design from Florence Hazard (set), Sherry Coenen (lighting) and Nicola Chang (sound) quickly and convincingly establishes the station setting, from the "see it, say it, sorted" announcements to the flickering lights of a passing train.
Similarly, from the moment the play begins Rachel Harper's performance leaves us in no doubt of Em's current state of mind; every movement and gesture is loaded with meaning. She's moving constantly, full of restless, nervous energy and unable to sit still. Each time she tells a joke, it's accompanied by an awkward, high-pitched laugh. As the play goes on she becomes increasingly dishevelled, and even before she says a word, her emotional distress is palpable. We don't know exactly what her intentions are at the station – though various possibilities come to mind, each more disturbing than the last – but the way she stiffens each time an announcement comes over the tannoy makes it clear that the train approaching the station is of some significance. As it gets closer, the tension both on and off stage builds as we wait to find out how Em's story will end.
Photo credit: Ali Wright
Rattled is a gripping and poignant production that doesn't flinch in its portrayal of mental illness, particularly affecting new mothers. But it also puts its money where its mouth is; Missmanaged Theatre have teamed up with childcare agency Bea & Co to support parents by providing a free creche at Sunday matinees, and discounts on at-home childcare for audiences attending evening shows. This is clearly a company who not only believe in making high quality theatre, but who also want to make it count – let's hope others follow in their footsteps.
Rattled is at the Old Red Lion Theatre until 2nd March.
Can't see the map on iPhone? Try turning your phone to landscape and that should sort it. I don't know why but I'm working on it… 😉
Read the full article from Liz Dyer, published on 18 February 2019
Tags: Jemma Gross, Liz Dyer, Missmanaged Theatre, Old Red Lion Theatre, Rachel Harper, Rattled, Theatre Things


text:
The Effect of Distracters' Selection Method of Multiple Choice Tests Items on Information Function of the Test
Nayel AlkaabnhFollow
The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of distracters' selection method of multiple choice test items on Information Function. To achieve the objective of the study, the researcher prepared an achievement test for 9th graders consisting in the final format of 41 items. Three different forms of items distracters (A, B, C) were used. The forms were constructed according to three different strategies: form (A) was constructed based on the information taken from teachers, while the items distracters of the second form (B) were constructed by using the statistical analysis and the distracters of form (C) were constructed according to students' answers. The various forms of the test were applied on sample of 1473 students. The results of the study were analyzed by using SPSS, and BILOG– MG programs. The findings showed that the information function of the test in all the forms were different, and the best information function was in the form (B), then form (C), then form (A), and there was a small difference between the information function for the (A, C) forms, but at different levels of the ability. Moreover, the results revealed that the highest value of the information function was with average students' abilities.
Alkaabnh, Nayel (2016) "The Effect of Distracters' Selection Method of Multiple Choice Tests Items on Information Function of the Test," An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities): Vol. 30 : Iss. 9 , Article 2.


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The Criminal Justice System Explained by an Attorney
January 25, 2021 | John L. Calcagni, III
Navigating the criminal justice system can be confusing and frightening. This short article is designed to provide an overview of the system to help you better understand its structure, different stages of a criminal case and possible outcomes by which a criminal case may be resolved.
About the American Criminal Justice System
Investigation and Arrest
Arraignment
Pretrial Conferences
Plea Agreements
The Elements of a Guilty Plea
The American criminal justice system is designed based on the many rights provided under the United States Constitution. States have their own constitutions, but most are modeled after the federal constitution.
Though the nuances of the criminal justice system may differ from state to state, or from state to federal courts, or even in military courts, the American system has distinct similarities in the many jurisdictions throughout the country. In the American justice system, all persons accused of a crime are called defendants.
All defendants are presumed innocent. This important presumption of innocence applies regardless of the severity of the crime(s) charged or the strength of the evidence in support of the charge(s). All defendants are presumed innocent until either admitting guilt or being adjudged guilty after trial.
The right to a trial is embodied in the constitution. As a practical matter, approximately 5% of all criminal cases nationally actually proceed to trial. The majority of cases are either dismissed or resolve with guilty pleas. However, the decision of whether to plead guilty or proceed to trial rests with the defendant.
Because all defendants have an absolute constitutional right to a trial, the criminal justice system is built around the possibility that a defendant may choose to exercise this important right. If a defendant chooses to have trial, he or she must be provided with one. With these basic concepts in mind, below is an outline of the criminal justice system.
The wheels of the criminal justice system begin to turn when law enforcement receives information of suspected criminal activity. Police receive this information in various ways. Some crimes are reported by way of 9-1-1 emergency calls. Others are reported by victims of or witnesses to crimes who visit a police station to make a complaint or to report criminal activity.
Police officers on patrol may observe suspected criminal activity such as in the context of a motor vehicle stop. In other instances, detectives working on long term investigations may receive information of suspected criminal activity from informants or others.
Once police receive initial information of suspected criminal activity, they investigate. This may include interviewing witnesses, obtaining statements, conducting surveillance, reviewing photographs or video footage, seizing physical evidence, collecting forensic evidence, subpoenaing and reviewing documentation, etc.
The possible directions of an investigation are endless and contingent on many variables such as the nature and extent of the suspected criminal activity, person(s) involved, and much more.
Investigations are not designed to establish guilt or innocence. Rather, they are designed for police to collect enough information to answer the following question: is there reason to believe, based on specific information, that someone committed a crime.
This question is the definition of probable cause, which is the legal standard required to arrest and charge an individual with a crime.
If the answer is yes, that is, if probable cause exists to believe the suspected individual committed a crime, the person is placed arrested and charged or accused with committing the crime(s).
Once a person is placed under arrest, he or she must be presented before a court or judicial officer as soon as possible. This initial court appearance is called an arraignment. The arraignment process is very short in duration, often lasting just a few moments. However, at arraignment, the court performs four important functions.
First, the court formally notifies the defendant of the criminal charge(s) both verbally and in writing. The charge(s) is/are usually set forth in a charging document, which may be a criminal complaint, criminal information or indictment.
These are the three forms of criminal charging documents filed with the court. The charging document, regardless of type, contains the accusation(s) against the defendant such as the nature of the charge(s), time and place where the alleged crime was committed, and the way it was allegedly committed.
At the arraignment, the court typically reads to the defendant the charges set forth in the complaint and provides him with a copy of the document.
Second, the court calls upon the defendant to plead or answer to the charge(s). The charge(s) is/are allegations. Because the defendant is presumed innocent of the allegation(s), the most common plea at arraignment is not guilty. Even though many cases in the criminal justice ultimately resolve with guilty pleas, almost everyone pleads not guilty at arraignment. This is standard procedure.
Third, the court ensures at arraignment that the defendant has a lawyer. A defendant may hire his own criminal defense lawyer of his choosing at his own expense. Counsel is often retained by the defendant or by family or friends of the defendant on the defendant's behalf prior to arraignment.
Counsel may also be retained after arraignment. In circumstances where the defendant cannot afford to hire an attorney, the court will appoint a lawyer free of charge. This appointment of counsel is typically made through the Public Defender's Office or of private counsel who have volunteered to be available for assignment by the court to represent indigent defendants.
Fourth and lastly, the court addresses the issue of bail at arraignment. When people hear the term bail, they automatically think of money. However, bail refers to the following question: what will the court do with the defendant while the criminal case is pending. The court has many options. On one end of the spectrum, the court may release the defendant on his or her promise to return to court in future when directed. On the opposite end of the spectrum, the court may order the defendant detained without bail pending resolution of the case. The court may also order the defendant's release subject to conditions such as the payment of money, curfew, home detention, electronic monitoring, supervision by the court, drug testing, remaining drug and/or alcohol free, attendance of counseling, travel restrictions, surrender of passport, or any combination of these conditions.
The laws of bail are concerns with two factors: flight risk and danger to the community. Defendants on bail are required to voluntarily appear for all future court appearances. A defendant considered a flight risk is someone whom the court is concerned will not appear as directed.
This concern may arise from the defendant's criminal history, history of warrants or failure to appear in the past, ties to a foreign country, lack of ties to the local community and/or court's jurisdiction, out-of-state residence, frequency of international travel, lack of U.S. citizenship or lawful status to remain in the United States, strength of the evidence in support of the charged offense(s), and severity of punishment, if convicted.
Danger to the community is assessed based on the nature of the charge(s), defendant's criminal history, reputation for violence, suspected gang membership or affiliations, suspected connections to organized crime, history of restraining orders, and any other evidence that may give rise to a conclusion or inference that the defendant poses a danger to others.
Risk of flight and danger to the community factors are considered and weighed on a case-by-case basis to determine the appropriate bail terms and conditions the court should set for each defendant.
After the arraignment, the case is scheduled for a pretrial conference. As mentioned above, the justice system is designed around the possibility that a defendant may elect to go to trial. The period between arraignment and when the case ends is known as the pretrial phase. This is the longest phase of the criminal justice process. During this time, the case is scheduled periodically for pretrial conferences. This is when the defense and prosecuting attorneys meet, discuss the case, exchange evidence and information, file motions, and negotiate for a possible resolution.
The exchange of information between attorneys during the pretrial phase of the case is called discovery and is governed by rules of procedure. The discovery process is designed to promote the free and open exchange of information.
A defendant is entitled to learn the supporting basis for the charge(s) or accusation(s) against him. This consists of the prosecution's evidence.
Discovery comes in various forms such as:
police reports,
witness statements,
photographs,
video and audio recordings,
business records,
medical records,
public records,
scientific analyses and reports,
expert opinions,
former witness testimony,
physical objects seized or collected during the investigation,
forensic evidence, and more.
Before a defendant either pleads guilty or elects to go to trial, he must be informed of (or discover) the evidence against him. This is the only way he can make an informed decision on how to proceed and if he elects to go to trial, to meaningfully prepare his trial defense.
In addition to obtaining information from the prosecution, the defense may conduct further discovery on its own by issuing subpoenas for records in the custody or control of third parties or entities. The defense may physically inspect any evidence in the government's custody or control.
The defense may also conduct its own independent investigation such as locating and interviewing potential and known witnesses, testing items of evidence (examples: suspected drugs, firearms, bodily fluids, DNA) and consulting with experts.
The rules of procedure in each jurisdiction govern the defense's obligation to share information with the prosecution before trial. The spirit of the discovery process is to eliminate unfair surprise and place the parties on an equal playing field at trial. Conducting discovery may be time consuming.
The process is conducted and information is exchanged between the parties over time at over the course of multiple pretrial conferences.
The parties also file motions at pretrial conferences. A motion is a written document filed with the court asking for the court's help, relief or permission to do something with respect the case. The number of possible motions is infinite. The actual motions that may be filed vary from case to case.
Examples include motions to compel discovery or production of information not voluntarily disclosed by one party to another, to inspect items in the opposing party's possession, to modify bail terms and conditions, to suppress evidence believed to have been illegally obtained, to issue subpoenas compelling the production of records or items in third party possession, to issue subpoenas compelling witness testimony, to dismiss charge(s), and many more.
Motions are typically filed at and heard in conjunction with pretrial conferences. This process is also time consuming. A motion may be filed at one pretrial conference.
The court may then require the party opposing the motion to file a written response at the next pretrial conference. Once an opposition or objection is filed, the court may hear the motion at a third conference or some other pretrial conference, and often not issue a decision until a fourth conference or even later.
Because filing motions and conducting discovery is a long process, the pretrial phase is the longest stretch of the criminal justice process.
All criminal charges must be resolved. Bringing a case to an end is referred to as disposition. There are only three possible ways for a criminal case to end: dismissal, pretrial disposition or trial.
Dismissal refers to closing the criminal case without any acceptance of responsibility or admission of guilt. This is the best outcome possible. In this circumstance, the defendant pleads not guilty at arraignment, is presumed innocent throughout the life of the case, and receives a dismissal in the end.
Cases may be dismissed in different ways and for different reasons. The court may dismiss a case upon a motion for lack of probable cause to support the charge(s), absence of prosecution witnesses on the day of trial, failure by the prosecution to comply with discovery requirements, failure to prosecute, prosecutorial misconduct during the criminal process, or lack of evidence after a successfully motion to suppress evidence.
The prosecution may also exercise its discretion to dismiss a case. This may be done without a motion, over the defense's objection, without the defense's consent, and without any justification. The prosecution represents the state or federal government that filed the charge(s).
Because it filed the charge(s), it may dismiss them at any time for any reason. Typically, the prosecution files a dismissal when it cannot locate or produce witnesses or other evidence needed to prove its case, and in some cases, based upon extenuation and mitigation evidence presented to it by the defense.
Dismissal may be done with or without prejudice. A dismissal with prejudice is a permanent end to a case. This means the government cannot later re-charge the case or file the same(s) charges, based on the same factual allegation, against the defendant in the future.
Dismissals may also be entered without prejudice A dismissal without prejudice means the prosecution may re-file the case in the future. Though this rarely happens, it can and does occur. When a case is dismissed, the defense should always advocate for it to be done with prejudice where possible.
Pretrial disposition refers to the resolution of the case short of proceeding to trial. This typically involves the prosecution and the defense reaching an agreement. The agreement may be oral or in writing. Sometimes the agreement may lead to dismissal upon the satisfaction of certain conditions by the defendant.
Most often, however, the agreement calls for the defendant to accept responsibility or plead guilty to a particular charge in exchange for a particular sentencing recommendation.
The crime to which the defendant pleads or accepts responsibility to may be one or more of the charge offenses, or something different, which is called an amended charge. The plea is conditioned upon the prosecution's sentencing recommendation, which is usually a punishment that is less severe than the defendant would receive after trial, if convicted.
Plea agreements may be simple or complex. They vary by jurisdiction, as well as by the nature and complexity of the case. Plea agreements may contain sentencing terms such as duration of probation or incarceration, conditions of probation, fines and restitution amounts.
In cases were probation is an anticipated sentence, the parties may agree on terms of probation such as attendance of counseling, drug testing, remaining drug and alcohol-free, the performance of community service, no contact with named victims, travel restrictions, payment of restitution and more.
Plea agreements may also contain terms regarding the forfeiture of seized assets, waiver of appellate rights and agreements regarding certain facts that may impact sentencing, such as identity and number of victims, amounts of financial loss, types and quantities of drugs, etc.
The prosecution and defense are free to negotiate the terms of a plea agreement. The terms are left to the discretion and creativity of the parties. The court does not usually play a role in the plea agreement negotiating process, and may even be barred from doing so by law. Any agreement reached by the parties must be placed on the court record at the time of disposition, and may not remain silent and secretive.
Plea agreements may or may not be binding on the court. If a plea agreement is binding, the court must either accept and abide by its terms or the defendant must be afforded the opportunity to withdraw his plea or acceptance of responsibility.
If the plea agreement is not binding on the court, the defendant will be advised of this usually in the terms of the written agreement and by the court verbally on the record. In some jurisdictions, if the parties enter into an agreement that is not binding on the court, the defendant cannot later withdraw his plea if he is dissatisfied with the court's sentence or if the court fails to rule as either he had hoped or how legal counsel predicted it would rule.
In other jurisdictions, the defendant may withdraw his plea if the court refuses to abide by the terms of the parties' agreement.
When a defendant chooses to resolve his case with a pretrial disposition, he must physically appear in court to have an on-the-record open discussion with the judge. This discussion is conducted in a question-and-answer format after the defendant is placed under oath.
A defendant cannot plead guilty or accept responsibility for a criminal charge unless the court is satisfied he is doing so with knowledge, voluntarily and for factual reason. These are the elements of a legally sound guilty plea.
Pleading guilty with knowledge means the defendant understands the nature and elements of the charge(s), the maximum allowable punishment for the charge(s), the rights being given up or waived by pleading guilty, and the collateral consequences of the plea.
To ensure the defendant is acting with knowledge, the court inquires of the defendant as to age, education and ability to read, write and understand English. If the defendant does not fluently speak English, the court will provide the services of an interpreter who speaks the defendant's native language.
Next, the court will ensure the defendant has not consumed any drugs, alcohol or prescription medication within the 24-hour period prior to the plea that would inhibit or interfere with his ability to think clearly and understand the nature of the court proceedings. The court will also ask the defendant if he suffers from any mental illness or disability that would inhibit or interfere with his ability to understand the proceedings.
Pleading guilty with knowledge also means the defendant is aware of and understands the many important constitutional rights being waived or given up by the plea. This includes the presumption of innocence, right to remain silent, right to a trial, right to challenge, confront and cross-examine the prosecution's evidence and witnesses at trial, right to present defense evidence and witnesses at trial, right to either testify in one's own defense at trial, or alternatively, to remain silent at trial with an instruction to the jury that such silence may not be considered evidence, and the right to appeal any verdict of guilt after trial.
The court will also advise the defendant that certain civil rights may be suspended or waived by pleading guilty such as the right to vote, hold public office or sit on a jury during any period of incarceration. If the defendant is pleading guilty to a felony, the court may also advise the defendant that upon conviction of a felony offense, he may no longer own or possess a firearm under federal law.
The court will further advise the defendant of potential immigration consequences of pleading guilty. While the specific immigration consequences of pleading guilty vary by defendant and case type, those defendants who both plead guilty and who are not citizens of the United States may face adverse immigration consequences under federal law such as deportation, involuntary removal from the United States, denial of naturalization of citizenship and bar from reentering the United States. This warning is required for all defendants when pleading guilty in any case.
Pleading guilty voluntarily means the defendant has decided to do so on his or her own with the benefit of legal advice. The court will ensure the defendant has consulted with counsel, has had all questions answered, and is satisfied with his legal representation.
The court also inquires to make sure the defendant has not been forced to plead guilty, threatened or coerced to induce his plea, or received any promises to induce the plea other than the sentencing recommendations and agreements reached by the parties. The court must ensure the defendant is pleading voluntarily because he or she believes it is in their best interest to do so, and not for any other reason.
Lastly, the plea must be based on some factual basis or reason. At this stage of a guilty plea, the court asks the prosecution to summarize for the court the facts it would expect to prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, if the matter proceeded to trial.
Here the prosecution may read the charge, excerpts from police reports or a prepared statement that sets forth the legal elements and supporting evidence for the charge(s) to which the defendant is pleading guilty. The court will then ask the defendant to confirm the accuracy of facts stated. This is required in order for the court to conclude there is a factual basis for the guilty plea.
If the court is satisfied that the defendant's plea is knowing, voluntary and with a factual basis, it will accept the plea and adjudge the defendant guilty. From there, the court will impose sentence. If the court for any reason rejects the defendant's plea, he retains the right to proceed to trial.
As for sentencing, the court will usually impose the sentence agreed upon by the parties. In instances where the parties were unable to reach an agreement on sentence, the court will hear sentencing recommendations and arguments from both the prosecution and defense. It will then exercise its discretion to impose sentence in accordance with any applicable sentencing guidelines or benchmarks applicable in the jurisdiction, and subject to any minimum and maximum sentences required by law.
A defendant who maintains his innocence may elect to proceed to trial. A trial is a fact-finding event to decide the defendant's guilt or innocence. This decision may be made by a judge sitting alone or a jury. Depending upon the jurisdiction, a defendant may have an absolute choice of a trial by jury or judge sitting without a jury. In some jurisdictions, a defendant may only have a judge alone trial with the consent of the government.
In in any event, if the judge is the fact-finder, the judge will preside over the trial, decide the defendant's guilt or innocence, and if guilty, impose sentence. In a jury trial, the jury must unanimously agree on the defendant's guilt for a verdict of a guilty.
The number of jurors is 12, however, some jurisdictions call for fewer jurors. A jury trial requires all jurors to agree in unanimity before returning a guilty verdict. If a jury finds the defendant guilty, then the judge who presided over the trial will impose sentence. At trial, the defendant is presumed innocent and the prosecution has the burden of proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. This burden is the highest standard of proof recognized by law.
A jury trial begins with jury selection. On the morning of trial, a large group of people from the community is summoned to court for jury duty. The group of potential jurors is then questioned by the judge and lawyers from both sides to determine their suitability for jury service in the particular case. This process of questioning jurors is called voir dire. A defendant is entitled to a jury made up of open-minded, neutral and impartial individuals to decide his or her case. Jurors who express an unwillingness to give either side a fair trial or the inability to be neutral, fair and impartial will be excused for cause.
Parties may seek the excusal of a juror for cause by filing a challenge for cause with the court. There is no limitation on the number of challenges for cause that may be made. If the judge agrees there is a basis for cause, the potential is excused from further service in the case. If the court disagrees, the party who sought excusal of the juror for cause may exercise another type of challenge to the particular juror known as a peremptory challenge.
The rules of procedure provide each party with a limited number of peremptory challenges. When exercised, a party may have a juror excused for any reason at all, without explanation, except if based upon race or gender. Challenges made on such grounds are prohibited. Once voir dire is complete and the requisite number of satisfactory jurors has been selected, the jury is empaneled and sworn.
The second step in the trial process is for the parties to make opening statements. This involves providing a short speech or oral presentation of the evidence it expects to present at trial. This is often referred to as a roadmap of the witnesses, items, documents and other types of evidence expected to be presented.
The prosecution opens first. After the prosecution, the defense has the option of making an opening statement, but is not required to do so. The defense may waive opening statement all together, or defer making an opening statement until after the prosecution's presentation of evidence, known as the case-in-chief, and before the presentation of the defense evidence, if any.
Because the prosecution has the burden of proof and the defendant is presumed innocent, the defense has no burden to do anything at trial to include making an opening statement or presenting any evidence. Opening statements may not be argumentative and are designed to aid the jury (or judge sitting alone) to understand the nature of the case, charged offense(s) and supporting evidence to be presented.
The third step at trial is for the prosecution to present its evidence. This is known as the government's case-in-chief. Because the prosecution has the burden of proving the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, it also has the burden of producing evidence. Trial evidence comes in many forms, though the most common form of evidence is witness testimony.
The prosecution calls its witnesses and presents their testimony in a non-leading, question and answer format called direct examination. After each prosecution witness's direct examination, the defense is given the chance to question the witness with the use of leading questions. This process is called cross-examination, and is designed to test the witness's memory, perceptions, knowledge, biases, prejudices, potential motives to fabricate and overall credibility.
The defense has no obligation to question prosecution witnesses and way waive its right to do so. However, cross-examination is the most powerful and effective defense tool at trial. Often, the best defense work at trial is conducted during the cross-examination of prosecution witnesses. The process of direct and cross-examination repeats itself witness after witness until the prosecution has presented all if its witnesses.
During the case-in-chief, the prosecution may also offer items of evidence such as photos, videos, recordings, records, and even physical objects collected during the investigation. The defense is given notice of this evidence before trial during discovery.
At trial, however, the defense may challenge and ask the court to exclude any piece of prosecution evidence from the trial. If the court rejects the defense evidentiary challenge, the evidence is deemed admissible and may be considered by the jury (or judge sitting alone) to decide guilt or innocence. If the court accepts the defense evidentiary challenge, the item of evidence is excluded and may not be considered.
The fourth step at trial is for the defense presentation of evidence, if any. This is known as the defense case. Though the defense has no burden or obligation to present any evidence at trial, it may do it if it wishes. The decision of whether to present defense evidence is a function of the existence and availability of such evidence, as well as tactical and strategic considerations.
In some cases, a trial defense may be that the prosecution has not and cannot prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. This is a very common defense trial strategy. In other cases, the defendant may offer evidence of a specific defense such as alibi, self-defense or consent. If the defense chooses to present evidence, its witnesses' testimony is presented through direct examination.
The prosecution is given an equal opportunity to cross-examine defense witnesses and to challenge any items of evidence offered as defense.
At trial, the defendant has the right to testify in his or her own defense, or he may elect to remain silent. If the defendant chooses to testify, he or she is then subject cross-examination by the prosecutor. Alternatively, if the defense chooses to remain silent, the jury will be instructed that the defendant's silent is not evidence, may not be considered against him for any purpose and that no negative inferences may be drawn from the silence.
The fifth stage of the trial involves closing arguments or closing statements. This stage is also referred to as summation. This is when the lawyers make further speeches or oral presentations about the evidence or lack of evidence presented.
Closing statements are much more aggressive and argumentative than opening statements. Here the lawyers attempt to persuade the jury (or judge sitting alone) to find in their favor. The prosecution argues for a guilty verdict and outlines how he or she believes the evidence presented proves the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
The defense, on the other hand, argues that the evidence fails to prove guilt. This may involve discrediting witnesses, discounting certain items of evidence, arguing that certain witnesses or evidence are unreliable, offering alternative interpretations of the evidence, or claiming an affirmative defense based upon evidence offered by the defendant at trial.
The order of closing statements varies by jurisdiction. In some, the prosecution goes first, the defense second, and then the prosecution is permitted to respond briefly to the defense arguments in what is called rebuttal. In other jurisdictions, rebuttal is not allowed. In some jurisdictions, particularly where rebuttal is not permitted, the defense argues first followed by the prosecution.
The sixth stage of the trial process involves deliberations and delivering the verdict. Once closing statements are finished, the jury is instructed by the judge regarding the applicable law to each case. This involves legal instructions on the charge(s) and various forms and types of evidence offered during the trial.
The instructions also include legal principles such as the presumption of innocence, the prosecution's burden of proof, and proof beyond a reasonable doubt. After the jury is instructed on the law, the jurors are instructed to retire to a private area to begin their deliberations. This is the first time in the trial process where the jurors are permitted to discuss the case and evidence offered at trial among themselves.
The process should involve an open discussion of the evidence and testimony presented, and a health exchange of respective views, opinions and perspectives on what occurred at trial. The process is aimed at the jurors reaching a unanimous verdict, of guilty or not guilty, as to the charged offense(s). If the jury returns a not guilty verdict to all charges, the defendant is discharged, and the trial process is over. On the other hand, if the jury returns a verdict of guilty as to any charge, the judge will impose sentence.
Sentencing is the final stage of the trial process where the defendant is found guilty. Typically, the judge imposes sentence after trial. This involves circumstances where a judge sat alone and found the defendant guilty or if the jury returned a guilty verdict. In a very limited number of jurisdictions, the jury will impose sentence if the jury returned a guilty verdict.
Determination of sentence after trial involves the consideration of many factors. These include the potential minimum and maximum sentences set forth by law for the convicted offenses, sentencing guidelines and/or benchmarks, oral arguments and written submission of counsel, matters in aggravation offered by the prosecution and matters in extenuation and/or mitigation offered by the defense. Once sentence is imposed, the trial process is completely over.
A defendant who is found guilty after trial may file notice of appeal. Every defendant is entitled to a fair trial. An appeal is a request to a higher court to review what occurred at trial to determine if the process was fair. Sometimes the court will make ruling that may deprive a defendant of a fair trial.
In other instances, the attorneys or jurors may engage in conduct that undermines the defendant's right to a fair trial. Trial records are reviewed on appeal for legal error. Where error exists, the appellate court must determine if the error was harmless or harmful, meaning it deprived the defendant of a fair trial. Where there is no error or only harmless error, an appeal will be denied. Where harmful error exists, a guilty verdict may be overturned, and the defendant shall be entitled to a new trial. The appellate process can be very long, transcending both multiple courts and years. Notwithstanding, the appeals process is an important aspect of the criminal justice system.


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Handel: Sosarme
Anthony Lewis
Decca 4828582
Alfred Deller's only complete recording of a Handel opera. First staged at the King's Theatre in London in February 1732 and revived two years later, Sosarme was not heard again in full (if not entirely complete) until a BBC broadcast in...
Songs for Courtiers and Cavaliers
Three L'Oiseau-Lyre LPs celebrating the art of a much-loved contralto, newly remastered and compiled together for the first time, including material new to CD. The history of British contraltos on record extends beyond Kathleen Ferrier to...
Helen Watts - Lieder Recital
Helen Watts; Geoffrey Parsons
Presented on CD for the first time and newly remastered, a pair of Romantic Lieder recitals by the Welsh contralto who inherited the mantle of Kathleen Ferrier. The history of British contraltos on record stretches back to Constance Shacklock...
Handel: Cantatas; Arias
Helen Watts; Robert Tear
Of the works by Handel presented here, three are cantatas devoted to the Patron Saint of music, St. Cecilia, another is an Italian cantata that was probably presented for a private patron in Rome, while the remaining two works are drawn from...
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Erich Kleiber, Jean Martinon
Decca studio recordings made between 1947 and 1949 with the London Philharmonic Orchestra, newly compiled and remastered by Mark Obert-Thorn and including material new to CD. Decca first presented its 'ffrr' technology – full frequency...
A Boy was Born - Britten, Vaughan Williams
King's College Choir; David Hill; David Willcocks
Eighty minutes of Christmas at King's: reference Argo recordings of Britten and Vaughan Williams capturing both the magic and joy of the season as well as the resonant glory of a famous acoustic. Britten's genius as a choral composer...


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All in one fish tanks are a great choice due to a couple of reasons. Firstly, it might be cheaper than assembling the different parts together, especially when you are not an expert in knowing the prices of every single fish tank accessory. The other benefit is the time saved, unless you really know tinkering with the fish tank.
One of the best choices for all in one reef tank is the Biocube 29 or 14 that I have already reviewed in this article: best nano tank for beginners. To summarize, it is a complete all in one system with a built in led lighting, filter and top. The only thing missing is a heater. However, from my experience, the warm from the light is sufficient so no heater is really needed.
The Biocube 29 or 14 is really great for reef. If you want only the reef with no fishes, the the Biocube 14 is sufficient. If you want to have some fishes, then I suggest buying the Biocube 29.
The best thing about the stand is that it functions as both storage and display. You can put the Biocube aquarium on top of the stand and leave the accessories inside the shelf. In this way, it minimize messiness while keeping the place neat and tidy.
Having said that, there are things that can be improved.
For one, the price should be lower because the material is just ply wood. I don't mind paying this price is it is made of something better but it is not.
Another thing can gets to me is the door. It closes at a funny angle and is probably due to the design of the cabinet. Very strange look indeed.
Instructions can also be made clearer. I am pretty handy guy so fixing this up was no easy but I can imagine others having difficulty. This is especially so if they blindly follow the instructions given. It is better to go to Youtube and watch a video of how to really install the stand.
Another all in one nano tank suitable for keeping reef is the Fluval Spec. This is the one I got for my office a couple of months. To date, it is still working well and I love watching it.
Its filtration system is its biggest strength as it can easily keep salt water reef alive. Even if you decide to change from a reef tank to a normal one, you can adjust the pump strength so that fishes such as Betta can survive in it. I tested it once by throwing some dirt into the water. The filtration clean it up easily within just 10 minutes. My hat is off after watching it in action.
The Fluval Spec V comes with the above mentioned filtration as well as led lighting. It also has foam block, activated carbon and BioMax bio rings. Like the Biocube, the only thing missing is the heater, which is not included in this kit.
Set up was pretty easy. After getting it up, it looks absolutely gorgeous in my office. Takes very little space and draws a lot of positive comments from my colleagues. I also like the material as it feels solid and durable.
Noise wise, the filtration system is pretty quiet so it doesn't affect anyone working around me.
An alternative to the Fluval Spec V is the Marineland contour aquarium kit. I pick the former over the latter due to one reason only: no need for additional setup. The Marineland's filtration is not as good as Fluval Spec V so it definitely wouldn't support a reef setup. If I was to get, I need to change the filtration to the Aquatop NP-302 that will fit it nicely with the tank. I could do it but I am lazy so I decided to go for the Fluval Spec V instead.
Besides the filtration system, everything was perfect for the Marineland contour fish tank. It looks gorgeous and the curved glass makes the viewing more interesting. It is also a quiet tank as you can't really hear the motor of the pump from the back of the fish tank.
The price is another attractive point as it is cheaper than the Furval Spec V from the last time I checked. Unfortunately, the cost is lower quality accessories. I have also talked about the filtration pump. The lighting isn't the best out there as well. If you intend to grow lots of plants in this tank, I suggest changing into stronger ones for them to survive.
Nano tanks have made rearing reef a much easier and convenient affair. This is especially so if you buy one of these all in one reef tank, which saves you the trouble of even setting it up. Have fun shopping.