is it bad that the first thing i saw in that photo was the chopper doll?
so, the asus arrived today. setup was easy, the stock interface wasnt too bad at all, but since i wanted dd-wrt on it, i put it on anyways. that install was very easy. and its been running very smoothly since this morning, no issues yet!
I drove all over town trying to find the WL-520gU, but no one carries Asus routers. Not even CompUSA. So I just ordered it off Newegg. Ugh, I hate waiting for shipping.
Do you remember what exact build you used, meander? There are so many. I'm using nokaid generic RC7 right now.
Is the interface speedy, mine takes a bit to change between pages. And is it the micro build or regular?


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Grimmialp est une localité suisse située sur le territoire de la commune de Diemtigen dans la vallée du Diemtigtal dans l'Oberland bernois, dans le canton de Berne.

Domaine skiable
Un petit domaine skiable a été aménagé à Grimmialp. Très calme du fait tant de sa taille que de son éloignement relatif en fond de vallée, il est fréquenté essentiellement à la journée par une clientèle locale et familiale qui apprécie aussi l'ensoleillement du domaine et le cadre de montagnes environnantes qui culminent jusqu'à plus de  d'altitude.

Construit en 2005, le télésiège 3-places à tapis d'embarquement relie à vitesse modérée le petit domaine d'altitude depuis les hauteurs du parking payant principal. Les pentes relativement peu boisées situées sous le tracé de cette remontée mécanique permettent la pratique du freeride ou d'emprunter l'unique piste noire du domaine - lorsque le niveau d'enneigement naturel le permet. Depuis son arrivée à , les pistes partent en direction du téléski sommital ou rejoignent le bas du domaine aux moyens de pistes relativement larges quoique offrant un dénivelé fort et un relief de terrain assez marqué. Les derniers 100-150 mètres de dénivelé sont enneigeables artificiellement depuis la saison 1996.

Le téléski Nydegg rejoint le sommet du domaine à . Deux pistes rejoignent le pied de cette remontée par la droite. Une piste bleue rejoint le sommet du télésiège depuis la gauche. Le terrain déboisé du sommet permet aussi la pratique du ski hors-pistes sur des pentes relativement modérées - le plan des pistes présente cette possibilité au moyen d'un tracé d'itinéraire.

La station coopère avec les deux autres stations de la vallée, Wiriehorn et Springenboden, à travers une offre forfaitaire commune pour les séjours de 5 jours ou plus. Les détenteurs de forfaits saison peuvent profiter de prix spéciaux sur les forfaits journée pour les domaines voisins de Wiriehorn, Springenboden, Jaunpass, Jaun, Charmey, Rossberg, Adelboden-Lenk, Gstaad Mountain Rides, Stockhornbahn et Schilthornbahn.

Le télésiège fonctionne aussi en été de début juin à mi-octobre.

10 km de chemins de randonnée sont également aménagés.

Une patinoire naturelle est aussi exploitée en hiver.

Notes et références

Annexes

Article connexe
 Liste des stations de sports d'hiver du canton de Berne

Liens externes
  Site officiel de la station de ski de Grimmialp

Station de sports d'hiver dans le canton de Berne
Localité dans le canton de Berne

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This study reported a hierarchically ordered porous Ni-based cathode of a solid oxide electrolysis cell to realise stable CO 2 electrolysis without the need of safe gas. The Ni/(Y 2 O 3 ) 0.08 (ZrO 2 ) 0.92 (YSZ) cathode support has a microchannel structure, which enabled efficient catalyst delivery to the reaction zone between the cathode and the electrolyte and resulted in facilitated gas diffusion through straight channels instead of the tortuous pores intrinsic to conventional porous electrodes. A catalyst network covering a Ni/YSZ scaffold reduced electrode polarisation resistance, prevented carbon formation and suppressed Ni oxidation. The facilitated gas diffusion diminished or eliminated concentration polarisation and carbon formation due to CO accumulation in the reaction zone. The novel hierarchical structure enables stable CO 2 electrolysis over conventional Ni-based cathodes with low capital and operational costs.
Dong, D. and Xu, S. and Shao, X. and Hucker, L. and Marin, J. and Pham, T. and Xie, K. et al. 2017. Hierarchically ordered porous Ni-based cathode-supported solid oxide electrolysis cells for stable CO2 electrolysis without safe gas. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 5 (46): pp. 24098-24102.


9 out of 10 based on 455 ratings. 1,981 user reviews.
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wwwirsadviser››Kubota ManualsWorkshop manual contains information on the service and repair of Kubota 03 Series Diesel Engine. The manual contains detailed instructions, technical information, illustrations, and diagrams to the Kubota 03 series diesel engines. This instruction saves time on searching for troubleshoot information that helps solve any problems with KubotaBrand: KubotaSize: 4 MBOperating System: All Windows, Mac OS, Ios, Android, LinuxCategory: Manuals For Heavy Equip.
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The Kubota D1105 is a vertical, water-cooled, four cycle diesel engine with a capacity of 21 at 3000RPM. Lightweight, dependable and versatile, the Kubota D1105 is the ideal engine for applications where minimal noise and efficiency is a must. The Kubota name is synonymous with the world's highest performing, efficient and reliable engines.


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Kansas Administrative Regulations
Agency 11 - STATE CONSERVATION COMMISSION
Article 4 - STATE GRANTS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR RENOVATION OF MULTIPURPOSE SMALL LAKES
Kan. Admin. Regs. § 11-4-10 - Notification of completion
Current through Register Vol. 40, No. 39, September 30, 2021
(a) The sponsor of a construction project shall notify the commission and the chief engineer when the project is completed and ready for final certification by the chief engineer. The notification of completion shall be submitted on a form supplied by the commission and shall include the following:
(1) The date of completion of the project;
(2) an itemized list of all costs of construction, engineering, surveys, geological investigations, inspections, and land acquisition; and
(3) a request for final payment of funds for the project.
(b) The sponsor of a renovation project shall notify the commission when the project is completed. The notification of completion shall be submitted on a form supplied by the commission and shall include the following information:
(2) an itemized list of all costs of restoration, engineering, surveys, geological investigations, inspections, and land acquisition costs;
(3) a final bathymetric survey and a determination of the final excavated volume; and
(4) a request for final payment.
(c) Final disbursement of the funds due from appropriated state funds shall be made after receipt of final certification from the chief engineer.
Kan. Admin. Regs. § 11-4-10
Authorized by K.S.A. 2005 Supp. 82a-1602 and K.S.A. 82a-1607; implementing K.S.A. 82a-1607; effective, T-86-43, Dec. 18, 1985; effective May 1, 1986; amended May 1, 1987; amended Sept. 22, 2006.
State regulations are updated quarterly; we currently have two versions available. Below is a comparison between our most recent version and the prior quarterly release. More comparison features will be added as we have more versions to compare.
11-4-10. Notification of completion. (a) The sponsor of a construction project shall notify the commission and the chief engineer when the project is completed and ready for final certification by the chief engineer. The notification of completion shall be submitted on a form supplied by the commission and shall include the following:
(c) Final disbursement of the funds due from appropriated state funds shall be made after receipt of final certification from the chief engineer. (Authorized by K.S.A. 2005 Supp. 82a-1602 and K.S.A. 82a-1607; implementing K.S.A. 82a-1607; effective, T-86-43, Dec. 18, 1985; effective May 1, 1986; amended May 1, 1987; amended Sept. 22, 2006.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
From OrthodoxWiki
The days of month August: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Apostle Titus of the Seventy, Bishop of Crete; Saints Barses and Eulogius, Bishops of Edessa, and Saint Protogenes, Bishop of Carrhae, confessors; Saint Menas, Patriarch of Constantinople; Saint John the Cappadocian and Saint Epiphanius, Patriarchs of Constantinople; New Hieromartyr Vladimir (Moschanskii) of Tver; Bishop Gortyne of Crete, disciple of the Apostle Paul; Saint John of Carpathia; Martyr Genesios the actor, of Rome; Martyr Genesios of Arles; Saint Ebba I, Abbess of Coldingham; return of the relics of Apostle Bartholomew from Anastasiopolis to Lipari. Other events: repose of Abbess Magdalena of Sevsk Convent and Monk Benjamin of Valaam
Retrieved from "https://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=August_25&oldid=126140"
Calendar days
Categories > Liturgics > Feasts > Calendar days
Trapeza (Discussion)
This page was last edited on November 27, 2018, at 16:29.
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text:
Naturalism In English Literature
Literature (L3) part 4 : Naturalism
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Essay Comparing Ancient Egypt And Mesopotamia - The arts. Realism (arts), naturalism in the arts Naturalism (literature), a style in fictional writing Naturalism (theatre), a movement in theatre and drama Philosophy and science. Naturalism (philosophy) is any of several philosophical stances wherein all phenomena or hypotheses commonly labeled as supernatural are either false or not inherently different from natural phenomena or . Definitions: The term naturalism describes a type of literature that attempts to apply scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to its study of human beings. Unlike realism, which focuses on literary technique, naturalism implies a philosophical position: for naturalistic writers, since human beings are, in Emile Zola's phrase, "human beasts," characters can be studied through their. the English Language, , p. ). Naturalism was first proposed and formulated by Emile Zola, the French writer and theorist, who is universally labeled as the founder of literary naturalism. Naturalism was a literary movement taking place from to that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and. Examples Of Juxtaposition In Fahrenheit 451
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characters of alice in wonderland - German literature (German: Deutschsprachige Literatur) comprises those literary texts written in the German timexwatch-jp.somee.com includes literature written in Germany, Austria, the German parts of Switzerland and Belgium, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, South Tyrol in Italy and to a lesser extent works of the German timexwatch-jp.somee.com literature of the modern period is mostly in Standard German, but there. Naturalism originated in France and had its direct theoretical basis in the critical approach of Hippolyte Taine, who announced in his introduction to Histoire de la littérature anglaise (–64; History of English Literature) that "there is a cause for ambition, for courage, for truth, as there is for digestion, for muscular movement. Naturalism definition is - action, inclination, or thought based only on natural desires and instincts. How to use naturalism in a sentence. Cause And Effect Essay On Gout
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Pain In Erich Maria Remarques All Quiet On The Western Front - Naturalism definition at timexwatch-jp.somee.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look it up now! Naturalism, in philosophy, a theory that relates scientific method to philosophy by affirming that all beings and events in the universe (whatever their inherent character may be) are natural. Consequently, all knowledge of the universe falls within the pale of scientific investigation. Although naturalism denies the existence of truly supernatural realities, it makes allowance for the. Course Overview Acellus American Literature-English III uses the works of the masters to give the student a well-rounded look at American Literature, beginning with Native American lore and continuing on through the Modernist Movement. Sprinkled with strategically-placed morsels of grammar and style, this course enhances the student's ability to enjoy and produce literature. Course topics. Kids On The Streets Analysis
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Zoroastrianism Essay - Feb 09, · Difference Between Realism and Naturalism Definition. Realism is a literary movement characterized by the representation of real life.. Naturalism is an outgrowth of literary realism, influenced by scientific theories.. Portrayal of People. Realism portrayed the everyday life of ordinary people.. Naturalism portrayed how environment, heredity, and social conditions control the human being. Naturalism in England. Due to the tradition of realism that had pervaded English literature since the end of the 18th century, a tradition that did not deny the claims of the imagination, the naturist movement had less audience than in France and the USA. Sep 30, · ENGL Literature and Technology (5) VLPA J. Knight Provides an introduction to manuscript, print, and digital media cultures with a focus on the production and dissemination of literature in English. Topics include the history of the book, reading and reception, orality and literacy, editing and publishing, early computing, and the future of. Benefits Of The Green Revolution
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Hazing In Pat Conroys The Lords Of Discipline - Realism is the most significant and outstanding quality of Modern English Drama. The dramatists of the earlier years of the 20th century were interested in naturalism and it was their endeavor (try) to deal with real problems of life in a realistic technique to their plays. lit·er·a·ture (lĭt′ər-ə-cho͝or′, -chər) n. 1. The body of written works of a language, period, or culture. 2. Imaginative or creative writing, especially of recognized artistic value: "Literature must be an analysis of experience and a synthesis of the findings into a unity" (Rebecca West). 3. The art or occupation of a literary writer. 4. Jul 18, · CHAPTER 1 OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE The Old English language or Anglo-Saxon is the earliest form of English. The period is a long one and it is generally considered that Old English was spoken from about A.D. to about Many of the poems of the period are pagan, in particular Widsith and Beowulf. The. gibbs model of reflection nursing
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A Perfectly Tragic Pair Analysis - Put rather too simplistically, one rough distinction made by critics is that realism espousing a deterministic philosophy and focusing on the lower classes is considered naturalism. In American literature, the term "realism" encompasses the period of time from the Civil War to the turn of the century during which William Dean Howells, Rebecca. 2 days ago · allegory a poem, play, picture, etc, in which the apparent meaning of the characters and events is used to symbolize a deeper moral or spiritual meaning alliteration the use of the same consonant (consonantal alliteration) or of a vowel, not necessarily the same vowel (vocalic alliteration), at the beginning of each word or each stressed syllable in a line of verse, as in around the rugged. Topics may include the American Renaissance, literature and abolition, African American novels and poetry, romance and romanticism, race and sexuality, the rise of the short story, realism, naturalism, representations of the city, representations of the South, tropes such as the Noble Savage or the American Girl, and/or in-depth studies of. seamus heaney blackberry picking
Central Line Summary - Sep 20, · This time marked a transition in English literature from the structure and formality of the Neoclassical writers to the emotional, ungoverned writings of the Romantics. Influence of Naturalism. In the genre of the novel, Jonathan Swift is probably most well-remembered. In all honesty, the Enlightenment was a bit of a dry spell for English literature. Working in the shadow of the Elizabethans presented creative difficulties for English writers, as no one could quite determine how to follow up after Shakespeare and Marlowe. Jul 21, · John Lewis (February 21, —July 17, ) was an American politician and civil rights leader who served as a United States Representative for the Fifth Congressional District in Georgia from until he died in During the s, Lewis was a college student and served as chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). The Bear Who Beloved Toothpaste Analysis
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In the gardening world, designers turned to perennials and grasses Naturalism In English Literature the s, Naturalism In English Literature this naturalism later evolved into a popular and sometimes simplistic insistence on native plant gardens. In the many portraits, Naturalism In English Literature oscillates between naturalism State-Censored Segregation In Public Schools Naturalism In English Literature in his portraits of Jacqueline.
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Representations of animal forms are sometimes very remarkable in Naturalism In English Literature of naturalism. The all-sufficiency of all forms of Naturalism condemns itself through its failure to Naturalism In English Literature beyond Naturalism In English Literature. All systems of Naturalism lack enough spiritual life within themselves to meet the deepest needs of the race. A movement in literature and the From The Deep Woods To Civilization Summary, and an approach to Naturalism In English Literature. Father And Father Analysis and artistic naturalism Naturalism In English Literature at Naturalism In English Literature and objectivity and cultivates Naturalism In English Literature and even sordid portrayals of people and their environment.
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Needlework As Naturalism In English Literature Marian Alford. Lecturer Traits Jones. All rights reserved.


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Pedal taverns a step closer to having alcohol on board again
Updated: 9:52 PM CDT Oct 8, 2013
Putting the tavern back into the pedal tavern is one step closer to law.The carts have been out all along, but the right to have any alcohol on board was outlawed.Ever since, Republican state Rep. Jeff Stone has been pushing a bill to allow people who pedal to carry beverages.The bill passed the Assembly and now moves to the state Senate."Ultimately, this is a bill that allows for a small business in the entertainment industry to grow by providing a safe and enjoyable experience for those that ride on a pedal tavern," Stone said in a written statement.The bill does require the driver of a pedal tavern to remain sober.
MADISON, Wis. —
Putting the tavern back into the pedal tavern is one step closer to law.
The carts have been out all along, but the right to have any alcohol on board was outlawed.
Pedal taverns to lay out route they will operate
Milwaukee's Pedal Tavern to go alcohol-free
Ever since, Republican state Rep. Jeff Stone has been pushing a bill to allow people who pedal to carry beverages.
The bill passed the Assembly and now moves to the state Senate.
"Ultimately, this is a bill that allows for a small business in the entertainment industry to grow by providing a safe and enjoyable experience for those that ride on a pedal tavern," Stone said in a written statement.
The bill does require the driver of a pedal tavern to remain sober.


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Home >Camera Enforcement > Red Light Cameras > Congress Slams Red Light Cameras, Funds Highways
Congress Slams Red Light Cameras, Funds Highways
Passage of federal highway funding bill includes provision banning US taxpayer subsidy for red light cameras.
Congress on Friday authorized spending $96 billion on various transportation and transit programs through the year 2017, but none of that money will go to red light cameras. House Highways and Transit Subcommittee Chairman John J. Duncan Jr (R-Tennessee) succeeded in inserting language into the final conference report that prohibits the use of Section 402 federal grant money for automated ticketing machines.
"A state may not expend funds apportioned to that state under this section to carry out a program to purchase, operate, or maintain an automated traffic enforcement system," HR 4348 states.
According to a 2003 report by the Government Accountability Office, this funding, which ultimately comes from the federal tax on gasoline, was used to create the red light camera programs in Decatur, Georgia and Howard County, Maryland. As part of a compromise with the Senate, however, another provision was slipped in prohibiting the use of Section 104 grants for the use of red light cameras but allowing the funding for school zone speed cameras, such as those recently approved by Chicago, Illinois Mayor Rahm Emanuel (D). The original version of the House legislation contained a complete ban on US taxpayer funding for both red light cameras and speed cameras.
Conservatives in the House likewise compromised their goal of trimming spending and, in the end, succeeded in only shaving $13 billion, or 12 percent, from the amount the Senate wanted to spend. The final product nonetheless received broad support in both chambers, passing the House 373 to 52 and the Senate 74 to 19. Republicans touted the reform measures adopted in the bill.
"'Shovel ready' became a national joke because projects get bogged down for years in the wasteful, bureaucratic project review process," Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Chairman John L. Mica (R-Floria) said. "The dramatic reforms in this measure will get projects moving by cutting the red tape that delays projects across the country and drives up construction costs."
Democrats pointed to the preservation of motorist funding for non-motorist projects as a victory for their side.
"We know we have transit systems that need to make capital improvements," Environment and Public Works Committee Chairman Barbara Boxer (D-California) said following the vote. "We know we have bike paths that need fixing and pedestrian walkways that need fixing. And all of that has been resolved. Now are there things in this package I don't like? Absolutely. Are there things in this package my Republican counterparts don't like? Absolutely. We had to give, we had to take."
The bill becomes law when signed by the president.
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Then I looked, and behold, on Mount Zion stood the Lamb…
Revelation 14:1 ESV
Writers and readers alike call it the plot twist. It is the moment in the story that we never saw coming. Connecting the dots of the tale you were sure it flowed in a particular direction and then out of the blue everything changes, and the characters are sent in a new direction. The story takes on a new hue as old characters are seen in a new light. Predictable tales bore us. The hero becomes the villain, and the village bum was really a doctor hiding from an unfortunately past. It is not just in novels, though, that we long for a plot twist.
From the dawn of time mankind has been searching for a hero, someone who will enter the theater of life and solve the world's ills. Every generation has had its own version of a "new age," wherein man will finally pull himself out the pit and walk on higher ground. We long for the day we will at last reach our full potential through the help of an uber man, in the words of Friedrich Nietzsche. The list goes back as far as Eve's first son, Abel, as his mother proudly announced, I have gotten a man from the Lord, literally, the man. (Genesis 4:1) The parade of possible redeemers continued with Nimrod and included characters such as Nebuchadnezzar, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, and in our day, Joseph Stalin, and Adolf Hitler. Every new king who ascends the throne, as well as every politician who gets elected, is crowned to bring us all a better life with a new society. These self-acclaimed saviors are at least consistent. There all either fall flat or become corrupt with the power they are given. In the worst extremity they become tyrants and dictators who murder millions of innocent people.
The interesting thing to note is as soon as we rid ourselves of one failed monarch or president, we usher in another who will again leave us disappointed. We long for peace, stability, and prosperity from our leaders only to receive war, instability, and poverty. Mankind is as persistent as a ground mole and as hopeful as a spring rooster. We crow at the dawn of a new age and by supper we are all fried chicken. Will a man ever arrive to end suffering and bring in the hopeful future we all crave? Yes! A thousand times yes!
In the book of Revelation, the apostle John was told that the Lion of the tribe of Judah has prevailed to open the book of the seven seals. This book opens a new world wherein righteousness reigns. No more crime as man's inhumanity to man ceases to exist. Wild with the anticipation of all humanity beating in his breast John leans forward to witness the one we have been waiting for, but he sees someone he never expected. To his wondering eyes he saw a Lamb amid the throne. The scene was astounding. John expected to see some great conquering army, led by a powerful commander, but witnessed a jaw-dropping scene. He looked for a Lion but saw a Lamb. A deeper paradox cannot be imagined as John looked at the One who had died, in full command of the book of life, and the future of the world. Oswald Chambers wrote, "instead he sees a lonely Figure 'traveling in the greatness of his strength.'" Enter the plot twist.


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The Title Is Neither Wine Nor Sausage
Those bunnies interested in sausage making would be advised to read the extended discussions between the referees and the authors of the Hansen, et al paper on potentially catastrophic anthropic climate change, at the bottom of the ACP discussion page. Eli will lead off with the discussion of the title of the paper. As to why read this stuff, well Stoat has put it clearly, who will read the paper and tell us what it is about. The answer is the editor and referees, and if you read the discussion, much of the work has been done for you. That and the video on the previous post.
Frank Raes (R2) starts this off by commenting
The authors ostensibly cross boarders when it comes to describing the possible consequences of the papers results. In the discussion, many have argued that the use of words like "highly dangerous" in the title, and the adding of a (shallow) discussion regarding ethics, justice and prescribing policy action might be out of the scope for a disciplinary natural sciences journal like ACP.
I want to be clear from the beginning. I strongly believe that a collective issue such as climate change can no longer be discussed in scientific terms only, but that the scientific discourse must inform, or even go along ethical and political discourses. There is indeed a role for scientists to engage in the latter discourses, based on the former. However, my point is that there are many other ways to engage in these discourses and to have the voice of science heard. (The first author has made use of these other means frequently and successfully in the past). Putting the full scientific, ethical, juridical, and policy prescriptive discussion in an ACP paper is, in my opinion, not only totally ineffective, but it may put also a good disciplinary journal into problems. It is something for the ACP editors to consider, but gain, there are other means. I will make a suggestion later for ACP for how deal with this with respect to the current paper.
3. My comments and suggestions to ACP are as follows.
3.1 Title
The title presently use by the authors is rather journalistic. That would be OK if the paper would also be written in a journalistic (but correct) way. It isn't. It is a complex 50 pages long technical paper that even scientists are struggling with. It is too much to hope for that journalists would read it, including all the caveats it contains.
If the ACP editors would like to keep the title to the standards of a disciplinary paper, and stick to what the paper is really about, the title should, in my opinion, be more like:
Non-linear Ice Melt, Multi-meter Sea Level Rise and Superstorms at 2°C Global Warming: clues from Paleoclimate Data, Climate Modeling, and Modern Observations.
That is already a strong enough title, covering the content of a strong piece of science.
However, in the climate change debate, the term "dangerous" has been given a rather precise definition in Art 2 of he UNFCCC, namely a change that doesn't allow ecosystems to adapt, that threatens food production and that prevents economic development in a sustainable manner. It is obvious that a multi-meter sea-level rise within a century would be "dangerous" in that sense, at least in low-lying islands and coastal areas.
I could therefore also live with a title that reads.
Ice Melt, Sea Level Rise and Superstorms: Evidence from Paleoclimate Data, Climate Modeling, and Modern Observations that 2°C Global Warming is "Dangerous".
Where the quotes indicate that a special meaning is given to "Dangerous". A reference could be made to UNFCCC in the abstract, and a fuller explanation in the body of the text.
Given the many uncertainties and need for further analyses mentioned by the authors themselves and by reviewers in the Discussion, one should however argue for the following title:
Ice Melt, Sea Level Rise and Superstorms: Evidence from Paleoclimate Data, Climate Modeling, and Modern Observations that 2°C Global Warming could be "Dangerous".
Peter Thorne, (D2?, no R3) who was the least happy with the polemical components of the original paper, was still not thrilled as reflected by his comments on the title:
The title needs changing to reflect that the outcome is inherently uncertain if I am to be able to recommend acceptance. The easiest solution would be to insert Potentially before Highly Dangerous that would provide some sense of the uncertainty in the underlying analysis. More substantial changes would be along the lines of 'Exploring potential impacts of a 2C world using insights from paleo climate records, modern observations and climate modelling' or 'Exploring the potential for tipping points in the climate system before 2C'. Basically, I think the title needs to reflect that the outcome is not deterministic and not guaranteed , even if we are foolish enough to stay on a carbon intensive pathway.
Both the abstract and the conclusions need to make clear that the evidence cannot rule out large - scale changes but that, equally, it is not a given that such changes shall occur. They need to better reflect that there remain substantial uncertainties and areas where further research is required to make definitive conclusions. Such revisions would be consistent with the underlying text and reflect the true state of scientific knowledge in the area.
The editor in charge of the paper relays this information to Hansen and the reply of the authors extends this
You mention that referees R3 and R4 question the title of the paper. The issues raised about the title concern the word "Dangerous" in the title, and they are important because they get at the very heart of our paper and the overall topic of human - made climate change. I think that the discussions raised are pertinent and I am glad that you give us the chance to propose a title and show that it is well motivated. I believe that you may have misread the relevant comment of R4. R4 notes that a major goal of our paper is to define "dangerous anthropogenic interference", and he then quotes the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), as follows
"...to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system."
R4 then says that our paper: "...significantly advances this quest for a more quantified definition of such human impact. Very few serious efforts have been made to arrive at a useful definition of 'dangerous anthropogenic interference'. Previous efforts focused on sea level rise have been less rigorous, I believe, with less analysis of the coupling of ice meltwater with oceanic dynamics."
R4 does not mention the paper's title or criticize it, but explicitly recommends publication of the paper. R3, on the other hand, does criticize the title and does so by referring to the UNFCCC, but his reference is not correct. The word "dangerous" appears once and only once in the UNFCCC, namely in the most fundamental phrase of the Convention, which is given in the inset phrase above. R3 says that "...in the climate change debate, the term 'dangerous' has been given a rather precise definition in Art 2 of the UNFCCC, namely a change that doesn't allow ecosystems to adapt, that threatens the food production and that prevents economic development in a sustainable manner". This is a rephrasing of Article 2 that seems to slightly change its meaning. Let us look at Article 2 in its entirety:
The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal instruments that the Conference of the Parties may adopt is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystem s to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.
Article 2 thus uses the word "dangerous" with regard to the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The ecosystems/food/economics sentence refers to timeframe in which that level should be obtained. The word "dangerous" is not further defined, perhaps because it is assumed to be well understood.
R2 suggested "potentially dangerous" (probably you meant to refer to R2, rather than R4), but that is too weak. That conclusion already could have been reached without any of the research in our paper.
There is an important issue at play here: overall, it seems to me that the relevant scientific commun ity has been exercising self - censorship in its warning to the public about the danger of human - made climate change. It would be difficult to overstate the threat of increasing human - made climate change, which we suggest threatens to bring about some of th e greatest injustices in the history of the planet: of current adult generations to young people and future generations, and of people of the industrialized North to people of the South, as climate change is due mainly to emissions from nations at middle and high latitudes.
My preference would be to just remove the word "highly" from the title, i.e., replace "highly dangerous" with "dangerous ", thus making the title slightly shorter and less "journalistic', which was a concern of at least one referee. However, I understand that some scientists consider that title to be too definitive, so in hopes of avoiding delay in publication we have chosen " Ice Melt, Sea Level Rise and Superstorms: Evidence from Paleoclimate Data, Climate Modeling, and Modern Observations Implies that 2°C Global Warming Above the Preindustrial Level Would Be Dangerous ", which has been suggested as a possible compromise. I hope that you agree that our proposed alternative phrasing for the title is well motivated.
and, of course, the editor, Frank Dementer, has the final word
following a discussion with the ACP editorial board, I will request one change in the title. In order to bring out even more clearly the element of uncertainty associated with the work to change the word would into could.
The title would thus become:
"Ice Melt, Sea Level Rise and Superstorms: Evidence from Paleoclimate Data, Climate Modeling, and Modern Observations Implies that 2°C Global Warming Above the Preindustrial Level Could Be Dangerous"
"Dictatorship, misguided economic policy, and poorly planned conversion to renewables: evidence from history and dynamic modeling hint they could be extremely harmful."
Neither Wine nor Sausage?
< a href="http://vvattsupwiththat.blogspot.com/2016/03/we-do-try-to-keep-ahead-of-nature.html">They should have gone with the wine !
Scientists seem to be in as much a state of denial of an obvious catastrophic problem as the rest of the loonie tunes. That's why I only go after reputable scientists and politicians with a vengeance.
No one else is worth my time anymore, and its vastly more entertaining.
FL: "Dictatorship, misguided economic policy, and poorly planned conversion to renewables: evidence from history and dynamic modeling hint they could be extremely harmful."
BPL: How about: "Straw Man Arguments and Fernando Leanme--an Inextricable Connection."
BPL - you must learn to forgive Fernando, he still longs for the days of Bautista. Please, do not point out that Bautista was a dictator. That's not part of Fernando's story.
I was just trying to make heads/tails of that today
Jeffrey Davis said...
"Crossing boarders" sounds like instigating a food fight at a rooming house.
Sorry for the frivolity.
The word "could" renders the title utterly meaningless.
Whilst I disagree with TLE on the feasibility of extraterrestrial survival of terrestrial ecosystems or populations of any significance, I completely agree with him on the nature of the impending smack that humanity is delivering to the planet. Couching the science in timorous language does no one any favours: we need to wake up now, given the almost complete lack of action that has followed AR4, AR5, Obama's Nobel, Francis' excellent encyclical, and the all-wrapping-and-no-meat that was COP21.
Every week that has followed since Paris should have been filled with the latest news that signaled substantive changes to the way that countries energise themselves, and conduct their affairs. There's been nothing at all that remotely resembles the sort of action that was* needed to achieve the 2°C plateau, and certainly nothing that could ever have come within a bulls' roar of 1.5°C.
If science can't make the case now, at midnight, to ears that have already heard but haven't listened, then we might as well pack up and watch the unfolding destruction of our ecosphere knowing full-well that we simply didn't have the gumption to do anything about it, even though we understood the consequences of humanity's actions.
[*I use the past tense because I cannot see any real path from here to achieving less than a 2°C plateau, and probably not much below 3°C at least, if reality is faced...]
Try these for titles:
"Ice Melt, Sea Level Rise and Superstorms: Evidence from Paleoclimate Data, Climate Modeling, and Modern Observations Implies that 0.2°C Global Warming Above the Preindustrial Level Could Be Dangerous"
"Ice Melt, Sea Level Rise and Superstorms: Evidence from Paleoclimate Data, Climate Modeling, and Modern Observations Implies that 12°C Global Warming Above the Preindustrial Level Could Be Dangerous"
They're both completely accurate.
And completely meaningless.
You don't seem to understand what I am saying Bernard. Extraterrestrial space development, settlement and colonization will get NOAA and NASA back on track to develop and deploy the new technologies we will need to solve these problems. We really don't need to study this problem any longer, just like we don't need to do more endless Mars and outer planet missions, we just don't need that data anymore, it no longer has no intrinsic value. That era is over.
What we need to do, is deploy large space telescopes where we can just look at those planets, and a million or so other planets, terrestrial and otherwise, and these things by definition have to be either solar or nuclear powered. And we need to have the knowledge to close up our own leaky life support systems right here at home.
But perhaps the biggest thing we need to do is give billions of people short rides in space, just like we do with airlines 100 years after air travel was invented, so they can see our planet as it is.
That more than anything will move the technologies we need forward.
Do you get it now? Somehow, I doubt it. It would help if you read up on the peer reviewed space cadet literature, and suffice it to say I am the most feared, reviled and respected space cadet on the planet.
Eli, what's with the sporadic "there is no closing A tag" bug in the comments frame ?
Reticents!
Dangerous Scientific Reticence
http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2016/20160323_DangerousReticence.pdf
I'm kind of thinking Hansen is reticent. After all, the title of said reticent paper includes in the title itself the 'weasel word' "could" ...
So "global warming is highly dangerous" morphed into "Implies ... Global Warming ... Would Be Dangerous" morphed into "Global Warming Could Be Dangerous" morphed into it's final form of "global warming could be dangerous" ...
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/15/20059/2015/acpd-15-20059-2015.pdf
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/15/20059/2015/acp-2015-432-manuscript-version4.pdf
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/3761/2016/acp-16-3761-2016.pdf
Meh mkay, I guess this one would still go into the consensus pile.
Meanwhile back at the ranch, Hearty appears to be a rhetorical "hothead" ...
http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/cp-2010-6/
"A revision of this discussion paper for further review has not been submitted."
Which, you know, I sort of got from the discussion replies, that Hearty was rather, how should I put it, strident, in his technical opinions.
Correct tile:
"Ice Melt, Sea Level Rise and Superstorms: Evidence from Paleoclimate Data, Climate Modeling, and Modern Observations Implies that 2°C Global Warming Above the Preindustrial Level is very Dangerous, and very likely Catastrophic"
All other truthful titles involve substantial profanity.
All papers with more than 3 authors contain reticence which is proportional to the square of the number of authors. Consider for example, AR4's (2007) discussion of Arctic Ice. Part of this was delays due to communication overhead. Part of the communication overhead in this paper is understanding all of the unstated assumptions in the models.
I would be very surprised if weather projected for 2060 - 2080 does not occur in the next 30 years.
How about this for a title: "Due to Human Stupidity, We're All Boned."
Journalistic, not scientific? I wouldn't know. So I searched in google scholar for titles with the word dangerous in them, solely in the Journal of Medicine.
275 results. That's not a lot. Quite a few were in quotes, others titles had a question mark at the end. But a few titles used "dangerous" similarly to the usage in Hansen et al' title. Perhaps if I checked the cite count for those....
Another search brought up a wee 2001 commentary in Nature by Stephen Schneider, who is quasi-famoulsy quoted about where to draw the line between messaging and accuracy in climate science communication. Wonder what he would have made of this kerfuffle.
What is "dangerous" climate change?
http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Publications/PDF_Papers/Nature-SRES-SHS-final.pdf
(Russel's experience with closing hyperlinks got me jittery. You'll have to labour with the cut and paste)
Gingerbaker said...
Would James E. Hansen be deemed qualified to proclaim +2C as "dangerous" if he changed his name to James D. Hansen?
FFS, is there anyone on the planet better qualified to proclaim +2C as "dangerous"?
Gingerbaker,
I prefer to stay away from informal logical fallacies such as an appeal to authority.
Same goes to appeals to emotion, as Hansen has s-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o got that one covered (e. g. court cases and zOMG think of the kids and grandkids).
Right now I'm much more interested in stuff like this ...
NOAA WAVEWATCH III
http://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/waves/index2.shtml
... and this ...
Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoothed-particle_hydrodynamics#Uses_in_fluid_simulation
A conjecture HAS been 'floated' so to speak, that conjecture CAN be tested today. For the most part, using numerical models (some physical modeling would also help as a final step to confirm forcing mechanisms).
Do you have a problem with scientific inquiry?
Russell, there's a space after the first character in your HTML hyperlink script. That's why it's busted.
Florifulgurator said...
Applause to Bernard J and thanks to 8c77 for serving the paradigm of earth detached technofetishism we need to fight (i.e. ridicule ad nauseam). Maybe the time is coming to think rigorously about earth based solutions to the evil twin problems of the carbon cycle and hominin population overshoot? But last time I suggested the almost tautological solution the Archdruid JMG said this has to wait some centuries... The unbearable ridicu-lousiness of the Late Homo S Sapiens...
Me too. During the Eemian (MIS 5e), global average temperature was ~1C warmer than the present and MSL was ~6m higher than the present.
detached technofetishism we need to fight (i.e. ridicule ad nauseam)
Who is we again? You? Authoritarians are so easy to spot. The last time I checked, the Earth is in space. Good luck with the overshoot thing.
BBD,
Yes sea level WAS higher and temperature WAS higher. However, AFAIK, we do need a better understanding of the natural causes leading to those specific conditions.
I call your argument the 'sameness fallacy' as in, because certain specific conditions or their final states, that may have been the same in the past, does not inherently guarantee that those same specific conditions today will lead to those specific conditions in the past.
See also: fallacy of composition, fallacy of the single cause, is-ought problem, retrospective determinism, hasty generalization, faulty generalization and the big one the association fallacy.
What was is NOT what is.
Please list the laws of physics that have changed since the end of the Eemian.
If you can't think of any, then perhaps you are mistaken to assert that:
Exact same laws of physics, just, you know, different boundary conditions different forcings etceteras at that time, that have not been determined to date AFAIK.
The oceanic circulations/mixing and ice sheet dynamics are the climate scientists Achilles Heel, so to speak.
Now, I must be off so that I can make a list of evidence from the Hansen16 paper, with respect to superstorms (sea level highstands/rates, in and of themselves don't count). If the only answer they have is Bahamas, that's would appear to be a particularly weak line of evidence.
I don't think you have a physically plausible argument here, EFS. Slightly different orbital dynamics to the Holocene meant GAT was a bit higher in the Eemian. This melted slightly more ice from the GrIS, WAIS and bits of the EAIS. Contributions to the ~6m Eemian SL are thought to be roughly 2m from the GrIS, 3m from the WAIS and 1m from the EAIS.
Since the laws of physics have *not* changed since the Eemian, if we crank GAT up by 1C and keep it up SL will go up by about 6m. We can argue whether this will take three centuries or five and the difference between disastrous and catastrophic, but not about whether it will happen.
EFS - but there appears to be *zero* evidence of a tsunami in the Bahamas during the period in question.
Dynamic geoid, the Earth is not a solid.
It's very much an open question, get back to me when you look (in detail) at the Exuma Island chevrons, Harvey Cay/Staniel Cay (that one is vectored right into the middle of the backside of Cat Island) etceteras in Google Earth Pro.
Eleuthera Island
Conception Island
San Salvador Island
Note their orientations, their lengths, their elevations in front of Exuma Island. Do some elevation profiles even.
Now go to the main set of criss-crossing chevrons (23°36'58.79"N 75°55'46.31"W), near George Town, note the two crescent beaches (orientations, particularly the southern one) on either side of the headlands. Also note the chevrons in that particular spot, many lines, there are.
Please remember to add 6-9 meters and the wave breaking depth limiting criteria for shallow water depth beach profiles (H/d ~0.78, H = wave HEIGHT and d = water depth).
Now, to repeat what I said above, get back to me when you can demonstrate four decades of hydrodynamics experience (three of those decades in the hydrodynamics of water waves in the offshore-to-onshore coastal zone).
Conclusions? That has to be one heck of a storm surge, so much so, that it is highly unlikely to have been induced from long traveled NW swell. In fact, its right out of The Day After Tomorrow playbook, three gigantic Northern Hemisphere supercells AND that stuff has to get past the upwave direction topographic obstructions (draw some lines such that deep water waves have a clear access path, what get's past those topographic obstructions must also diffract and refract, both acting to diminish the subsequent onshore wave heights and I'm not aware of anything one would call deep water storm surge height).
So you see, it IS very much an open question.
"NW swell" should be "SW swell" (the direction of wave propagation) in previous post. Sorry about that one.
Was, and is, so zero relevance to global MSL during the Eemian.
+1C = +6m because physics and there is no denying it - however hard you try.
BTW you are now being a bit silly, so maybe either concede the point or stop.
"Was, and is, so zero relevance to global MSL during the Eemian."
And you know this how? Let me guess, you've done the numerical calculations.
Peer reviewed references? Dynamic geoid references with attribution as to Eemian location(s) of ice sheet SMB.
+1C = 0m because that is the point we are at now.
Oh wait, check back with me in 200-900 years.
I do want to know under what conditions the MIS-5e 6-9m highstand occurred (with respect to the current GMSL).
That's my entire point in me wasting my time discussing this with you.
I want to know WHY it was warmer at that time, I am not satisfied with +1C and +6-9m as the linkage between those two pieces of information or separate facts as they are not sufficient to answer the why-where-how question. I am looking for more information on both the RHS and the LHS sides of your overly simplistic "equation" with spatio-temporal independent variables even.
I need to understand, as best as I can, as I am a curious and inquisitive sort of person, others appear to just assume stuff using the sameness rubric, when sameness of some salient information is an incomplete answer IMHO.
Please go back and review the list of fallacies I posted above.
Oh, one more thing ...
Hansen16 short version is your simplistic "sameness" answer, that is ...
+1C = 6-9m SLR
It only took 19 authors and 67 pages of very questionable hand waving to say ...
So that, in my case at least, I now know less than I did prior to Hansen's paper. I have had to question their interpretation of a rather small knowledge set. The more I look into their interpretation, the less I like their interpretation.
That this is ALWAYS subject to change (meaning my understanding) when new information or existing information see's the light of day, be it paleo or observational or numerical.
I want to know WHY it was warmer at that time
Then read a bloody textbook. Orbital dynamics: higher eccentricity and increased precessional forcing resulted in elevated NH summer insolation relative to the Holocene. The rest was feedbacks, mainly albedo and GHGs. This melted more ice than Holocene climate and raised MSL by about 6m. It's this basic: heat melts ice. The geode has sod-all to do with MSL differences between the Eemian and the Holocene. Go find a reference that says it does if you are going to peddle this stuff. Otherwise, concede the point. This is tedious.
EFS - the Bahamas chevrons are indicative of the prevailing winds at time of creation. There is no evidence for a tsunami in the Bahamas during MIS5e. If you believe there is such evidence, why not point to it?
In fact, your analysis would involve *multiple* tsunamis - not just one. While the compass vector for prevailing winds can change significantly over small geographic distances - accounting for chevrons that are not all the same direction -- a tsunami would create chevrons that are all basically perpendicular to the source. And of course no source for these proposed tsunamis has ever been shown.
The BBD/EFS debate can be summed up as:
BBD: dh = f(dT)
EFS: dh = f(dT, X...)
where dh = sea level rise, dT = temperature rise, and X... = other factors.
EFS, can you identify which X you think relate to dh? The Eemian was 130,000 to 115,000 years ago, so continental drift can't have been a big factor, ditto the shape of the geoid. But perhaps there are other factors I'm not aware of. Excursions in salinity would perhaps affect the density of the ocean, and such might come from different freshwater/saltwater mixes. Do you have some theory that can account for the 7.5 m rise in sealevel with 1 K rise in mean global annual surface temperature? I mean, do you have a more sophisticated model than "there might be other factors?"
EFS writes:"The more I look into their [Hansen et al] interpretation, the less I like their interpretation."
Seems extremely disingenuous, if not outright deceptive. Here's the same EFS in August of 2015 commenting here shortly after the paper came out:
"Someone [Hansen] is getting very old, that someone has gone emeritus, that someone so desperately wants humanity to do something before they die, that someone will surely die very unhappily at what humanity has, and has not, done. Those are the basic cold hard facts that I understand them.
Just about every EFS comment in that thread contains a condemnation of the Hansen et al paper. Nothing has changed except his memory of events.
Hand waving. Point me to the relevant peer reviewed literature. A 6-9m highstand does change the geoid. Otherwise ... heck I don't know ... but I'm not staying around for one of your endless discussions ... that's for sure. All you are doing is stating bog standard stuff and MIS-5e, according to Hansen16 does not appear to be bog standard stuff (e. g. the temporal rate of SLR).
Kevin O'Neill,
It's an open question. I don't have a specific answer at this point in time. It would appear that no one else does either. I stated p > 0.5 (e. g. almost equal probability). My 'analysis' doesn't incorporate a whole lot at this point, the only thing 'almost' off my table, so to speak, are Hansen's and Haerty's assertions/conjectures with respect to super-mega-storms.
You do really need to get with my thought train (or not, I really don't care), numerical modeling to test potential forcing mechanisms. This is something that the USACE ERDC CHL does all the time (e. g. NAD or North Atlantic Division, Hurricane Sandy type stuff). It's something that Philip L-F. Liu and many other academics do all the time (Hansen and Hearty are MIA in that department, that's for sure).
Heck, right now I'm thinking hurricanes. You really should look into what a coastal study involves, as in, we don't do interpretive studies (well, at least groups that would numerical and physical modeling), wave heights prescribed, wave directions prescribed, water levels prescribed, baseline conditions prescribed, etceteras. SOP type stuff.
In other words, stop building strawmen about tsunamis, that's only one possibility (e. g. absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence, appeal to ignorance).
At least one study needs to be done, as of right now, zero studies have been done (that IS the beauty of Hansen16, to spur on future efforts, by SME's in other fields of expertise).
PDE's if you don't mind. If not, that than additional paleo data, if possible, to help nail down, add to, the temporal aspects and water levels more accurately around MIS-5e.
Actually, my memory is quite good, whatever I said then I said then, whatever I say now I say now.
I do know that I deleted a whole bunch of stuff right around the time BP was here. Why? I made the most offensive statement to BP that I could think of at that time. I thought for sure that that would ban-me-for-life at RR, so I went back and deleted all comments from the start of the rather short lived BP era. I do save all comments though before posting, sort of like "note to self" text files.
But if you still haven't figured it out, I am on a learning curve, Hansen16 is a very thought provoking paper. But I need to do more then just think or talk about the paper, I need to understand the paper and that requires further prior art and lay-of-the-land research to somewhat satisfy my curiosity.
I somewhat tired now, so have a good day.
Hand waving. Point me to the relevant peer reviewed literature. A 6-9m highstand does change the geoid.
We aren't discussing what the highstand did to the geoid. We are discussing how there came to be a highstand ~6m above late Holocene MSL in the first place.
The answer to that is universally acknowledged to be ice melt.
EFS, partial differential equations are superior to algebra how, exactly? It's important what the various derivatives are? Why? I don't get that. If you want to phrase your model in terms of PDEs, go for it. I have yet to see any particular mathematical model from you, just a dismissal of BBD's model.
I'll do a crude one myself and post the results here.
Hart (1978) gives the following rough relation for the fraction of Earth's surface covered by ice, going from satellite data available at the time:
f(ice) = [(328 - Ts) / 70]^5
for Ts = 288 K (the assumed mean global annual surface temperature of Earth), this gives 6.1%. For a 1 K rise, this becomes 5.4%.
The volume of grounded ice on Earth is 2.934 x 10^16 m^3. The melting of 7/61 of this releases 3.37 x 10^14 cubic meters. Since fresh water is denser than ice by a factor of 1000/917, this becomes 3.09 x 10^15 m^3.
Earth's total area is 5.10066 x 10^14 m^2, of which 70.8% is water (Sellers 1965, p. 5). Thus, spread out over the ocean, the new ocean height rises 8.56 meters, and spread out over the whole globe, 6.06 meters. Hansen et al.'s figure is thus just in the ballpark of what it should be.
Hart MH 1978. The Evolution of the Atmosphere of the Earth. Icarus
33, 23-39.
Sellers WD 1965. Physical Climatology. Chicago IL: Univ. of Chicago Press.
Sorry, that should read "3.37 x 10^15" above, not "3.37 x 10^14." My bad.
Didn't take me 19 authors and 67 pages, either. Just some very basic math and physics.
BBD/BPL,
The Hart (1978) paper is here ...
http://www.tau.ac.il/~colin/courses/CChange/Hart78.pdf
The equation is on page 26 (or page 6 of the PDF).
That equation includes both ice sheet and sea ice areas (combined).
Of course, sea ice area does not raise sea level one iota.
See IPCC AR5 WG! Chapter 4, Table 4.1 (page 5 of the PDF) ...
http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_Chapter04_FINAL.pdf
Ice sheets cover 2.89% of the Earth's surface.
Sea ice covers 3.59% to 3.82% (the difference is due to the ~37 year global anomaly trendline, 1979-01-01 thru 2016-03-24) of the Earth's surface based on the UIUC dataset available here ...
http://arctic.atmos.uiuc.edu/cryosphere/timeseries.global.anom.1979-2008
Total land and sea ice = 2.89% + 3.59% = 6.48%
Not much that I can to say at this point, except that one should not use an equation that includes sea ice area to infer sea level rise which can only come from that 2.89% fraction that is land ice.
Heck, the 0.23% difference for total ice cover produces (working backwards from the equation) only a 0.28C temperature rise in 37 years or 0.28C/0.37 centuries is only 0.75C/century.
EFS,
Good point, and thanks for noting it. Now substitute a better model of your own.
What's the mean depth of sea ice? Of land ice? The global figure is about 946 meters, so I imagine it would be higher on land and lower on sea, but does anyone have figures?
I see that EFS is still struggling to produce a non-magical source for all that water.
That would be because it was undeniably ice.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274409602_The_solid_Earth's_influence_on_sea_level
Geological Society of America Bulletin 125(7-8):1027-1052 · June 2013 DOI: 10.1130/B30764.1
Seems like fine tuning, not a replacement for, ice/water sea level changes.
Not a very good strawman.
It's 100% ice, 100% from land.
Please show me where I ever said otherwise. TIA
Hank Roberts,
I'm not using the dynamic geoid to explain SLR, it might change the Earth's polar moment of inertia (RE: Chandler Wobble and/or insolation). Most probably not a factor.
It has been said that the MIS-5e stage highstand happened rather rapidly, in the geological sense, or in the sense of current GMSL to +6m to +9m is a very short timespan (decadal to centennial). So like the chicken and the egg, which came 1st or in tandem, the slowdown/stopping of the MOC overturning circulation, etceteras.
IMHO, there are knowledge gaps, +1C and +8m to +9m, in and of themselves, do not completely satisfy my inquisitive nature.
Don't take the piss, Everett.
The key point is that this is evidence for ice sheet instability not currently captured by ice sheet models.
> it has been said ...
Narrow that down a bit? Not clear on your source, and it's worth checking citing papers subsequent to any source.
One of these, I'd guess?
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=MIS-5e+stage+highstand
"The key point is that this is evidence for ice sheet instability not currently captured by ice sheet models."
You mean they are left with hosing the Arctic and Antarctica?
That's so The Day Before Yesterday.
Oh wait, zOMG, you mean they have to tune the ice sheet models based on +1C = 6-9m SLR. Because ... wait for it ... Hanses sez so.
This stuff is s-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o TBD, you need to get past that one basic fact.
Until MIIS-5e is actually modelled in some fashion bolstered by significantly more paleo evidence, we are left with hosing the oceans in a completely arbitrary capricious random anything goes manner. Curve fitting.
Is that your Final Jeopardy answer? Curve fitting.
I do need a much more nuanced answer.
Okay. Palaeoclimate evidence is evidence for ice sheet instability not currently captured by ice sheet models.
To be clear, I am not specifically defending Hansen16. I'm objecting to the blurred lines between pissing on Hansen because whatever and the facts, which are simple enough: centuries of rapid sea level rise are very likely unless less CO2.
The Hansen16 paper and references therein.
The paper is broad and wide, and it would have much more to do with those papers themselves than in the Hansen16 interpretation of those and many other papers not referenced in Hansen16. I've seen too much cherry picking in the technical literature (meaning in climate science and in my field), in order to buttress one's point, particularly when they become overly interpretive, which is my current read on Hansen16.
That does mean something like a Google Scholar search for other papers not referenced in Hansen16.
But I've been rather busy on the boulders and causation mechanisms thereof. I have at least a month worth of reading in that Google Scholar search area alone. Long story short? It is very complicated, as in there does not currently appear to be a consensus, mainly because the coastal conditions and deep water to shallow water hydrodynamic mechanisms vary greatly.
EFS writes: "...we are left with hosing the oceans in a completely arbitrary capricious random anything goes manner ..."
Which, of course, bears little resemblance to the actual paper: "We add freshwater to the North Atlantic (ocean area within 52–72◦ N and 15◦ E–65◦ N) or Southern Ocean (ocean south of 60◦ S)"
Translating this onto a map (Fig. S13 in the supplement to the final paper), the water is injected at the glacier outputs around Greenland and at various points along the Antarctic coast. So much for arbitrary and capricious. EFS, I thought you read the paper?
"To be clear, I am not specifically defending Hansen16. I'm objecting to the blurred lines between pissing on Hansen because whatever and the facts, which are simple enough: centuries of rapid sea level rise are very likely unless less CO2."
Yes, I think there will be several meters, WAIS and Greenland.
Speaking as a coastal engineer (or civil engineer) I see dangerous coastal engineering structures being built, a slippery slope so to speak, due to the current rather tepid GMSL rise rate, you build to +1m and once it reaches +1m you build to +2m or +3m (e. g. say NYC). Rince and repeat.
It's like New Orleans on steroids. Miami has already invested something like $300m in just pumping and drainage infrastructures. Nuisance flooding.
You temporarily disappear the nuisance problem, then a minor hurricane hits, and it's onto dikes and levees and seawalls, not unlike what you see what the Netherlands has done to date, because the local interests demand such (politically real estate interests).
We have the continental shelves and very low coastal relief ...
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/coastal/crm.html
How many major population centers does the USA have on the Atlantic and Gulf seacoasts? It appears to me that we will build that many Netherlands. :(
"Which, of course, bears little resemblance to the actual paper: "We add freshwater to the North Atlantic (ocean area within 52–72◦ N and 15◦ E–65◦ N) or Southern Ocean (ocean south of 60◦ S)"
Translating this onto a map (Fig. S13 in the supplement to the final paper), the water is injected at the glacier outputs around Greenland and at various points along the Antarctic coast. So much for arbitrary and capricious. EFS, I thought you read the paper?"
Like rivers to the sea, it is not.
Like ocean waves passing floating ice blocks, with very much turbulence to be had, it is not.
Large eddy resolving resolution, it is not.
I never used the word 'hosing' until WC and PT used it, but it is a useful meme, as it were.
The ice calving and fresh water releases occur at the SHORELINE, oh please, oh pretty please, put it where it is most likely to originate (look at what the USACE did for the NAD, that's the type of grid resolution coastal types use).
Oh wait, you said they did, but wait a four DEGREE horizontal resolution grid. Help me out, what's the vertical resolution? Q = VA, so the velocity is divided by the cell width and the cell height, go figure, please?
As a research hydraulic engineer I laugh in their faces.
Hosing is an apt meme IMHO.
EFS - arbitrary and capricious?
Look, I'm used to arguing with deniers, your change of course and attempted frivolity don't impress me.
Was your characterization of the inputs as arbitrary and capricious correct? (Rhetorical - it was Steve Goddard level dumb.)
BTW - where do your preferred models put the Antarctic over-turning? As Hansen et al note:
"All of these modifications tend to increase the ocean stratification, and in particular the Southern Ocean state is fundamentally improved. For example, we show in Sect. 3.8.5 that our current model produces Antarctic Bottom Water on the Antarctic coastline, as observed, rather than in the middle of the Southern Ocean as occurs in many models, including the GISS-ER model documented in CMIP5. However, although overall realism of the ocean circulation is much improved, significant model deficiencies remain..."
Now, when one is questioning the validity of over-turning currents, you might expect one to use a model that gets the bottom water formation location correct. Hansen's does.
As for, "As a research hydraulic engineer I laugh in their faces." Are we, am I, supposed to be impressed? Guess what? I'm not. Shall we start referring to you as Chief Hydrologist per the nutcase at Curry's?
Hosing experiments, indeed they were.
Curve fitting, indeed it was.
"Was your characterization of the inputs as arbitrary and capricious correct?"
Yes, more so then even I expected.
The paragraph you quote sounds exactly like model 'tuning' and well, words in and of themselves, mean nothing.
"Now, when one is questioning the validity of over-turning currents, you might expect one to use a model that gets the bottom water formation location correct. Hansen's does."
You are the trusting sort of chap, I see. Me not so much, it is in my nature. I would need their datasets and available prototype datasets to make that judgement call. Is Hansen suggesting that all OTHER models are wrong except his, and if so, under what objective basis. Note to self: Someone proclaiming goodness of fit will likely only mention the good fit and remain silent or reticent on the bad fits.
Other studies are needed. Or are you in denial.
EFS - they specifically inject the water at the outlets of the Arctic and Antarctic glaciers. You call this arbitrary and capricious. Excuse me - where else is the land-ice freshwater going to come from? Magic freshwater ice-fairies? Sorry - end of discussion. That is Goddard level dumb and your doubling down on it only makes you look like a Goddard-level dumbass. Chief Hydrologist you are.
I would like to hear your response to this from Hansen et al on hydrodynamic modelling of boulder tossing
The inadequacy of hydrodynamic modeling of boulder movement is shown by observations of large storm-tossed boulders. North Atlantic storms threw boulders as large as 80 tons to a height 11 m AHWM (above high water mark) on Ireland's Aran Islands, this specific storm on 5 January 1991 being driven by
a low pressure system that recorded a minimum 946 mb (equivalent to a category 3 hurricane). Winds gusted to 80 knots and the closest weather station to the Aran Islands recorded gale force winds for 23 hours and sustained winds of 40 knots for five hours [Cox et al., Boulder ridges on the Aran Islands
(Ireland): Recent movements caused by storm waves, not tsunamis, J. Geology, 20, 249-272, 2012]. The storm waves built onto swell that was developed by strong winds during the prior two weeks. Cox et al. (2012) note that existing hydrodynamic modeling equations would not lift the boulders, and
they cite two reasons to disregard the equations. First, wave height measurements reveal that waves twice the SWH (significant wave height) of models frequently occur. Second, existing wave equations do not
include effects of reflection from cliff and shoreline, and attendant wave amplification. Cox et al. note that wave heights at shoreline cliffs can be much greater than the equilibrium height of approaching deep-
water waves. The waves steepen as they shoal, impact the coast, reflect back, meet advancing wave crests causing a mixture of constructive and destructive interference, with intermittent production of very large individual waves capable of quarrying and transporting large blocks and boulders.
These considerations also help explain why megaboulders (~1000 tons) on Eleuthera are only found just south of Glass Window Bridge at the apex of an embayment that funnels waves before they encounter a steep shoreline cliff (Figs. 1-3 of Hearty, P.J., Quatern. Sci. Rev., 17, 333-355, 1998; also Hearty, P.J., Quatern. Res. 48, 326-338, 1997).
source: http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/15/20059/2015/acpd-15-20059-2015-AR2.pdf
oarobin
To bad. Come back if you want some more.
Ad hominem no less.
oarobin,
Anecdotal doesn't cut it.
There are no hydrodynamic SME's anywhere's in that paper, that's a definite FACT!
I don't use the word liars, but when I do, I do so often.
That's coming from Hearty, and he is in the wrong field, what he does write is baby talk, for anyone that does serious modeling in the coastal zone. That includes physical modelling, at say OSU's tsunami facility (it is actually a really big wave basin), been there, done that.
There's RANS modelling, there's Boussinesq modelling, there's PSH modelling and then there's physical modelling for the really tough stuff (LMCS).
I am 100% certain that whomever wrote that, doesn't have an effin' clue.
Geometric, kinematic, dynamic, and strength similitude, been there, done that. There 'might' be a handful of such people globally.
You people are seriously starting to bore me (speaking in Hearty 'hothead' rhetoric, that is).
EFS, i am not following you argument as it relates to the modelling.
are you saying that the various methods you outline(RANS, Boussinesq, PSH and LMCS) do an effective job of modelling boulder transport. do you have any references i might investigate?
if i may quote directly from Cox et al 2012 :
Difficulties of Using Wave Equations to Draw Conclusions
about Boulder Transport in Coastal Settings.
Wave-transport equations (especially those of Nott
2003a, 2003b) have been used as a cornerstone of
the argument that the Aran Islands boulders cannot
be storm deposited. Scheffers et al. (2009, 2010a)
posit an upper limit of 10–20 m3 (26–52 t at 2.6 t/
m3) for storm-wave boulder movement, and although
the vast bulk of the Aran Islands ridges are
made of clasts well below that mass (table A2), the
ridges contain many clasts that are much bigger
(e.g., table A5). Therefore, argue Scheffers et al., the
Aran Islands ridges must be tsunamigenic.
We disagree. The reasoning by Scheffers et al.
(2009, 2010a) assumes that the Nott (2003a, 2003b)
equations fully describe wave behavior at the coast,
but this is not in fact the case. Morton et al. (2008)
point out that although the Nott equations have
been commonly used as evidence for tsunami emplacement
of large clasts, "there is a clear need for
evaluating the basic assumptions of the equations
and applications of the results" (p. 636). The Nott
equations—and recent updates by Nadesna et al.
(2011)—are a valuable tool for thinking about wave
dynamics and have helped us wrestle with the problems
of block transport, but they represent a simple
model of progressive wave motion. Important variables
are not considered, including nonuniform
coastal slopes and foreshore bathymetry (Kelletat
2008). It does not seem that the equations can be
applied in the case of very steep, stepped, or cliffed
coasts, such as those that prevail in the Aran Islands,
and they do not account for wave-modifying
effects, such as reflection and constructive
interference.
The physical experiments of Hansom et al. (2008)
show the complex behavior that results when wave
trains impact a cliff wall. Because the cliff modifies
the behavior of the leading wave and causes it to
fall back and interact with the successive waves in
the train, even waves that break below the cliff top
can generate overtopping bores that inundate the
cliff-top ramp with high-velocity flow. Hu et al.
(2000) have pointed out that "wave overtopping is
a complex phenomenon to model. It involves wave
shoaling, wave breaking, wave reflection, turbulence
and possibly wind effects on water spray.
Because of wave reflection, the complex nature of
random waves is an important factor in wave overtopping.
Unsurprisingly therefore, the accurate numerical
modeling of wave overtopping is a very dif-
ficult task" (p. 434).
Here is the Cox (2012) paper ...
http://madmonster.williams.edu/Papers/Cox_EtAl_2012_JGeol.pdf
The word 'hydrodynamics' is used once.
The paper has absolutely ZERO hydrodynamic modelling.
Back in dem dare olde tyme days, there were two types of linear water wave models, parabolic and elliptic, parabolic could not solve the backscatter problem while elliptic could.
But that's s-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o 30 years ago. No one that I'm aware of, for phase resolving deterministic wave models, solves the parabolic form of the various water wave equations. If they are, then they should shoot themselves in the head.
"Williams College, Department of Geosciences, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, U.S.A"
http://www.williams.edu/academics/areas-of-study/
I took more graduate level courses in hydraulics as an undergraduate, than are offered in their entire undergraduate/graduate curriculum.
They do have their version of Hearty (Cox).
Yes, I have tracked down about 100 references. PSH is going gang busters right now, it use to be RANS (6.1 monies in military lingo a decade ago), Boussinesq about two-three decades ago.
The best that I could do is zip them up and put them on Google Drive.
I would rather suggest an exhaustive search for boulder papers, storm surge or tsunami related, there has been a lot of work done recently. There currently is no definitive answer, it could be either, it does very much depend on the nearshore environment though.
Her critique is the only real reason to run a physical model, however, the PSH has been used as it can do wave overtopping and rundown.
Some people do take this stuff rather seriously, interpretive types not so much.
Cox has no 1st hand experience in hydrodynamics, she is just reading other papers, and applying interpretations, she's a geologist after all.
This whole issue needs a LIDAR survey (nearshore high resolution bathymetry that the USACE does all the time) and the latest generation of phase resolving numerical water wave models (nearshore). And a energy based non-phase resolving water wave model such as NOAA's WAVEWATCH III (which I'm told that the USACE ERDC CHL is transitioning to, plus I have a requested version (nothing special about having a copy though)).
EFS: As a research hydraulic engineer I laugh in their faces.
BPL: Then submit a paper showing why they're wrong. Laughing at them through an internet blog does nothing to advance your thesis.
EFS: You people are seriously starting to bore me
BPL: No one's forcing you to stick around.
EFS this is getting a bit untidy, care to put it together, and Eli will post it (EliRabett2003 yahoo)
Here's an interesting one. I got these figures from a geologist on an amazon board. I do NOT have primary citations for any of these yet, though I'm searching. If, and only if, these figures are valid, there are interesting implications.
TIME dT dh
Eemian 1 7
Mid-Late Pliocene 2.5 25
Early Pliocene 4 40
Mid-Miocene 5 50
The linear regression of dh on dT is:
dH = -1.26176 + 10.2647 dT
R^2 = 0.9967, = SEE 1.415, F(1,3) = 894.3, p(F) < 0.000082
Not bad for five points.
The expected value for dT = 1.0 K is 9.0 +- 1.4 meters, again roughly in line with Hansen et al.'s prediction.
So far, we have:
+1K => dh
Hansen et al. 2016: 6.0-9.0 m
me, 1st method: 6.1-8.6 m
me, 2nd method: 7.6-10.4 m
Or using the means, 7.5, 7.3, 9.0
Anyone got anything else?
Yes, very untidy indeed.
I don't know if I could present a coherent single page (or two) write up.
It would take me some time, much more so then most people, that is my Achilles Heel, so to speak.
My overall written skills are not the best, it takes me 10X the time of those like you or WC or Sou, or heck, about 90% on humanity.
That die was cast in my youth, very poor spelling and poor grammar, plus my clinical anxiety with respect to work related deadlines.
I must admit, that after yesterday's efforts, I had pushed my own limits to the brink of "why don't I just STFU' that was my thought process this morning, basically just give it a rest.
For whatever reasons, I think my overall technical view happens to be very close to PT's technical view, at least with respect to exponential SLR and superstorms, his writing skills are 100X my writing skills (mainly because he does not get bogged down in endless details as I am very apt to do).
I have tried to read various portions of Hansen16 several times now and I find myself getting bogged down in it's IMHO overly referential nature (things that I don't understand or doubt causes me to chase down those references and/or other references).
I think that whatever I would write would be longer than Hansen16 and that that, IMHO, is not a good thing.
Mal Adapted said...
EFS:
"My overall written skills are not the best, it takes me 10X the time of those like you or WC or Sou, or heck, about 90% on humanity."
Everett, if you're fishing for compliments, I'll bite. Your posts on RR are usually written rather well. Your spelling and grammar, at least, aren't a problem.
One thing I've learned by hanging out on blogs in the last 10 years: one's writing skills can be expected to improve with practice, but for most of us, writing anything our target audience will take the trouble to read will always be hard work.
But if I didn't have the spell checker on and constantly Google search extremely messes up spellings ...
You all would get the distinct impression that I was way dumber than Jethro Bodine. Oh wait, some of the audience already does. :)
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Ultra-short laser pulses are increasingly interesting to researchers in many different fields of work due to the inverse relationship between the spectral bandwidth emitted from the laser and its pulse duration. For many applications the need to stabilise the carrier envelope offset at these short pulse durations is an added indispensable requisite. One such application is the use of CEP stabilised pulses in high harmonic generation (HHG).


text:
HOT PRESS AWARD FOR ALICIA
Alicia Ehrecke of Inver College, Carrickmacross, receives a 'Very Highly Commended' Hot Press award for her short story from the Lord Mayor of Dublin, Cllr Christy Burke Photo: Hot Press
Northern Standard: Thursday 7th May Carrickmacross News
Alicia Ehrecke from Inver College in Carrickmacross, whose short story was published in The Northern Standard last week, has received one of the top awards in the prestigious Write Here, Write Now competition, run by Hot Press magazine. Her entry 'All the Same' was Very Highly Commended in the Second-Level students' category.
The day after receiving the award, 17 year-old Alicia returned to her home at Cottbus (near Berlin) in Germany. She had been studying at Inver College since last September as an exchange student.
The Principal Roddy Minogue said everyone at the College was delighted with her success, and he felt it would provide an inspiration to other students. He said Alicia had deserved recognition for her work as she had been a very good student who participated well in all classes and her attendance record during the eight months she spent there was excellent.
At the Mansion House in Dublin, the Lord Mayor of Dublin, Christy Burke presented awards to Alicia and to the other winners. On the final day of the One City One Book festival, which this year celebrated one of the great modern Irish sagas – The Barrytown Trilogy by Roddy Doyle – Hot Press, in association with Dublin City Libraries' One City, One Book Festival, revealed Alicia as among the very best new, student writing talents in the country.
Alicia Ehrecke, Inver College, Carrickmacross Photo: HotPress
Forty-four young student writers were invited to 'Build Your Own Barrytown'. Before the awards ceremony, the shortlisted students were treated to a brilliantly insightful interview, as Roisin Dwyer of Hote Press quizzed Man Booker Prize winner Roddy Doyle on the craft of writing. The Barrytown Trilogy author was a member of the judging panel, which also comprised IMPAC Award winner Kevin Barry, Rooney Prize winner Claire Kilroy, Hot Press editor Niall Stokes and composer Julie Feeney, who was also at The Mansion House to meet those shortlisted. The public had their say too, adding their voices to the mix, with Waterford's Rose Keating receiving the special Readers' Award.
The Write Here, Write Now student writing competition saw an instant and enormous reaction from young talent across the country. Thousands of entries were whittled down to a shortlist of 44, across the four categories of the competition. While the number of entries was huge, even more importantly – in both the Second and Third Level categories – the judges were enormously impressed by the superb quality of the submissions.
"Concerns have been expressed that young people are less interested now in the power of the written word. On the contrary, on this evidence, there is a new breed coming through with the ability to write in a way that is genuinely original, smart, powerfully contemporary and emotionally engaging," said Hot Press editor Niall Stokes. "Hot Press has always been about supporting emerging Irish creativity – which is why a competition like Write Here, Write Now is so important to us. However, it is more important than ever for us to ensure that this latent talent is channelled effectively, so hopefully today's event will provide the encouragement to Alicia and other remarkable young Monaghan writers to press on, work hard and develop their potential over the coming years."
Roddy Doyle himself also gave his verdict, saying that some of the submissions as "frighteningly good – surprising, sharp, sometimes chilling, confident."
"It is enormously reassuring to see the depth of young writing talent, which is reflected in the Write Here Write Now competition," said Dublin City Librarian, Margaret Hayes. "Literature is so important to the life of a nation and indeed, as Roddy Doyle has illustrated so well with The Barrytown Trilogy, to the life of a city. Dublin City Libraries are at the heart of the drive to ensure that we never forget the value of reading. Not only that: one of our core objectives, through the Dublin UNESCO City of Literature Office, is to encourage writers – which is why we are so proud to have been involved in the success of the Write Here, Write Now competition."
The competition was supported by Dublin City Libraries, Dublin City Council, the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Eason and Microsoft Office 365. The overall winners' prizes included an internship during 2015 with Hot Press, the country's leading music and lifestyle magazine, as well as a €250 cash prize, a Toshiba Click Mini and a Microsoft Sculpt Comfort Mouse. They also received an e-Reader, courtesy of Eason and will have their winning entry published in a special issue of Hot Press, potentially kick-starting their career in the best possible fashion. In addition, 22 students received a one-year subscription to Microsoft Office 365, an invaluable tool for students and creative types!
All the winning entries including Alicia's can now be read at http://www.hotpress.com/writeherewritenow.
MONAGHAN NEWS UNCATEGORISED	Alicia EhreckeCarrickmacrossChristy BurkeDublinInver CollegeRoddy DoyleWrite Here Write Now Leave a comment
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text:
TRAINING: NORCAT launches two new experiential programs
TORONTO – NORCAT, a global leader in the development and provision of skilled labour training and development services, launched two new, hands-on […]
By Marilyn Scales March 12, 2018 At 4:21 pm
Norcat's Underground Centre is built is Falconbridge's former Fecunis mine and teaches next-generation technologies and skills.
Equipment & Suppliers
Northern Centre for Advanced Technology Inc (NORCAT)
[caption id="attachment_1003722369" align="aligncenter" width="481"] Norcat's Underground Centre is built is Falconbridge's former Fecunis mine and teaches next-generation technologies and skills.[/caption] TORONTO – NORCAT, a global leader in the development and provision of skilled labour training and development services, launched two new, hands-on and experiential training and development programs to prepare the global mining workforce for the "new world of work". These new program, which will provide opportunities for both new and existing workers, were developed based on feedback from Norcat's global mining partners that identified the need to provide workers with the skills and confidence to implement, operate, and manage emerging technologies that are being adopted by and transforming the global mining industry. The two new programs are delivered through a combination of hands-on, experiential training at the NORCAT Underground Centre and instructor led classroom-based learning. The first new program provides fundamental skills training on the operation of tele-remote and autonomous vehicle technology while the second program focuses on understanding underground communication systems and IoT (internet of things) technologies. "Our investments in new technology enabled methods of training and development, combined with the development of new training and development programs, demonstrates our understanding that the new world of work in mining requires a new world of training and development," said Jason Bubba, Norcat's director of training and development. "In launching our new training programs and supporting technologies, NORCAT continues to engage, educate and strengthen the future mining work force in order to meet the human capital needs of the global mining industry." NORCAT debuted the new training and development programs and new learning technologies at the PDAC 2018 in Toronto. Live demonstrations will included the latest in mine skills training technology including AR, VR, interactive multiplayer avatar-based training, incident re-creation, and digital safety systems. Additional information about Norcat's Underground centre is available at www.NORCAT.org/underground-centre/.


text:
Q: Update Table rows onClick Events and Remove Previouslly added I want to add new row, and remove previously added row with an onclick event.
I write code for it but this code only insert rows not delete previous one.
js
function addRow(tableID) {
    console.log('hi')
    var table = document.getElementById(tableID);

    var rowCount = table.rows.length;
    var row = table.insertRow(rowCount);

    var cell2 = row.insertCell(1);
    cell2.innerHTML = rowCount + 1;

    var cell3 = row.insertCell(2);
    var element2 = document.createElement("input");
    element2.type = "text";
    element2.name = "txtbox[]";
    cell3.appendChild(element2);

}

html
<input type="button" value="Add Row" onclick="addRow('dataTable')" />

A: Use deleteRow().. and you might just be able to do it.
function addRow(tableID) {
    console.log('hi')
    var table = document.getElementById(tableID);

    var rowCount = table.rows.length;
    if(rowCount) {
        table.deleteRow(-1);
    }

    ...

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


All 3 of mine absolutely love this and regularly have 2 full bowls each. I've never had a child home to play that doesn't like it either.
For extra novelty value, serve it in a disposable carton so they feel like they are really having a pot noodle.
This is a really simple and easy idea, just perfect for the after school rush.


text:
Q: Is this proof correct? (I'm tryng to use the continuity of a inverse matrix and its determinant) I have a vector function $F:\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^n$, depending upon the variables $(\beta,x_1,\dots,x_n)$ and it is continuously differentiable for any $(\beta,x_1,\dots,x_n)\in\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$, where $\Omega$ is convex.
I know that, for any $\beta$ there exits uniquely fixed point $(x_1(\beta),\dots,x_n(\beta))$ of $F$, i.e.,
$$F(\beta,x_1(\beta),\dots,x_n(\beta))=(x_1(\beta),\dots,x_n(\beta))$$
Then, I consider the implicit function
$$\Psi(\beta,x_1,\dots,x_n)=(x_1,\dots,x_n)-F(\beta,x_1,\dots,x_n)$$
and I can compute the partial derivative (Jacobian) in the point $(\beta,x_1(\beta),\dots,x_n(\beta))$:
$$M(\beta)=\frac{\partial\Psi}{\partial (x_1,\dots,x_n)}(\beta,x_1(\beta),\dots,x_n(\beta))=I-\frac{\partial F}{\partial (x_1,\dots,x_n)}(\beta,x_1(\beta),\dots,x_n(\beta))$$
where $I$ is the identity $n\times n$ matrix.
I know that this Jacobian matrix $M(\beta)$ is invertible for any $\beta$ and I can rewrite it as the block matrix:
$$M(\beta)=\begin{bmatrix}a(\beta)&b(\beta)^T\\c(\beta)&D(\beta)\end{bmatrix}$$
where $a(\beta)$ is a number, $b(\beta)$ and $c(\beta)$ are column vectors in $\mathbb{R}^{n-1}$ and $D(\beta)$ is an invertible $(n-1)\times(n-1)$ matrix.
What I want to prove is that $$a(\beta)-b(\beta)^TD(\beta)^{-1}c(\beta)>0\text{ for all }\beta$$
This is what I came up with but not sure if it is correct:
Since $M(\beta)$ is invertible for all $\beta$, then by the implicit function  theorem, the functions $$(x_1(\beta),\dots,x_n(\beta))$$ are continuously differentiable respect to $\beta$.
Then, by the composition of continuous functions, the Jacobian
$$M(\beta)=I-\frac{\partial F}{\partial (x_1,\dots,x_n)}(\beta,x_1(\beta),\dots,x_n(\beta))$$
is continuous respect to $\beta$.
Also, since $M(\beta)$ is invertible for all $\beta$, then, $\det(M(\beta))\ne 0$ for all $\beta$.
We can compute the determinant of the block matrix $M(\beta)$ as follows:
\begin{equation}\begin{aligned}\det(M(\beta))&=\det(a(\beta)-b(\beta)^TD(\beta)^{-1}c(\beta))\det(D(\beta))\\&=(a(\beta)-b(\beta)^TD(\beta)^{-1}c(\beta))\det(D(\beta))\ne 0\end{aligned}\end{equation}
Thus, $a(\beta)-b(\beta)^TD(\beta)^{-1}c(\beta)\ne 0$ for all $\beta$.
Finally, I can prove that $a(\beta^*)-b(\beta^*)^TD(\beta^*)^{-1}c(\beta^*)>0$ for a certain value $\beta^*$.
Then, if the function $a(\beta)-b(\beta)^TD(\beta)^{-1}c(\beta)$ is continuous, it is strightforward that $a(\beta)-b(\beta)^TD(\beta)^{-1}c(\beta)>0$ for all $\beta$.
So I want to know if, in this case, the function $a(\beta)-b(\beta)^TD(\beta)^{-1}c(\beta)$ is continuous given that the Jacobian matrix
$$M(\beta)=\begin{bmatrix}a(\beta)&b(\beta)^T\\c(\beta)&D(\beta)\end{bmatrix}$$ is continuous, respect to $\beta$.


Wash spinach and put in pan.
Heat and let shrink. Chop finely.
Make a cheese sauce and mix with spinach.
Put in the bottom of an ovendish.
Warm up the baked beans and add as a next layer on top of the spinach, then add the mashed potatoes on the top of the BB.
Sprinkle with cheese and let brown under the grill. Lovely with some salad.