text:
Meghan Markle, Prince Harry, Kate Middleton and Prince William Reveal Their Favorite 2018 Moments
Kensington Palace released a video montage of the royal couples' best moments of the year just before New Year's Eve.
By Corinne Heller Dec 29, 2018 10:51 PMTags
Kate MiddletonPrince WilliamRoyalsPrince HarryMeghan Markle
Clasos
What a year it's been for the royals!
On Saturday, days before New Year's Eve, Kensington Palace released on Twitter a 3-minute video montage of Meghan Markle and Prince Harry and Kate Middleton and Prince William's favorite moments of 2018.
There are scenes from Meghan and Harry's royal wedding in May, of course, as well as footage of the pregnant duchess, who is expecting the couple's first child, showing a baby bump. There are also shots of the two on their first royal tour, of Australia, New Zealand, Fiji and Tonga.
This year was also big for Kate and William; they welcomed their third child, son Prince Louis, in April. Footage of the couple introducing their newborn son to the press while standing outside St Mary's Hospital in London is seen in the montage, as is a video of the couple with Louis and their older kids Prince George, 5, and Princess Charlotte, 3, and Meghan and Harry at the baby's christening in July.
Meghan Markle's Pregnancy Style
Here are some of our favourite moments from 2018 — thank you to everyone who made this year so special. See you in 2019! pic.twitter.com/2GiUvI7QnX
— The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge (@KensingtonRoyal) December 29, 2018
There is also footage of Kate while she was pregnant with Louis and footage of the two couples doing philanthropic work. The four are seen at their first annual Royal Foundation Forum in February.
Meghan, Harry, Kate, William, the kids, Queen Elizabeth II and other family members are also shown on a Buckingham Palace balcony at the Trooping the Colour Parade, a birthday celebration for the ceremonial monarch. Meghan is also seen talking to the queen and making her laugh at her first solo engagement with her.
Watch: Meghan Markle Flaunts Baby Bump at Charity Outing
"Thank you to everyone who made this year so special," read a message inside the video. "See you in 2019."


text:
EU Social Innovation Competition: Meet The 10 Impact Ventures Poised To Change The World
Meet the World's Only iPhone Case Made From 100% Recycled Plastic Bottles
11 Resources to Search for Social Enterprise Jobs(2019)
Podcast with the Founder of Conscious Step on Building a Million Dollar in Revenue Social Enterprise
Podcast With The Founder of Indosole on the Journey to Become the Most Sustainable Footwear Company in the World
The Future of Fashion: Turning Recycled Plastic Into Clothes
Sports and the Environment: Eco-Friendly Activities on the Rise
Why I Started a Fair Trade Chocolate Company at Age 21
For the last six years, the European Social Innovation Competition has supported social innovators from across Europe. Previous winners have included an open source home building platform, a multimedia tool for blind people and a revolutionary peer-to-peer learning platform.
The 2018 edition will give away 200,000 € in prize money and has sought projects that empower young people in a changing economy. An expert panel has narrowed down an initial 729 entries, to 10 finalist projects. The three winners will be announced in an award ceremony in Brussels next week.
The 10 finalists for the EU Social Innovation Competition are:
Career Bus
Career Bus: an initiative that combines innovative technology and face to face interaction to give career orientation to young people living in rural areas. The team plans on kitting out a bus, to travel to remote areas in order to reach detached communities.
ConnecTech: a team of tech professionals who have developed coding courses, internships and mentoring from tech professionals to young people with physical impairments in order to expand employment opportunities and promote flexible working conditions.
es im-perfect
es im-perfect: a food company that employs disadvantaged groups to make use of surplus farm production that would otherwise go to waste. A proportion of the produce is distributed to food banks, the rest is processed into jams and Pâtés.
GoFundEd
GoFundEd: the Ukraine's first online crowdfunding platform specifically dedicated to the education system. The initiative enables students and teachers raise funds to carry out much-needed school improvements.
Heritage Lab
Heritage Lab: an initiative that teaches innovation incubation methods to young people in small towns and supporting them to launch new businesses and services based on local cultural heritage.
imagiLabs
imagiLabs: a tech start-up that introduces teenage girls to the tech field by providing them with a platform to develop their programming skills by means of fun practical projects such as customising mobile phone cases.
MTOP goes digital
MTOP goes digital: a project that combines offline and online engagement to prepare young qualified refugees to enter the Austrian labour market. It then connects them with Austrian and multinational companies.
REvive Greece
REvive Greece: an educational programme that combines classroom and e-learning methods to re-skill young unemployed Greeks and refugees in computer programming. It then connects them with companies in the IT sector.
ScOLARgeno
ScOLARgeno: a project that empowers school students to act against climate change by supporting them to establish cooperatives to plan and operate their own school-based photovoltaic energy generating systems.
Ulisse: Europe's first digital platform that creates, markets & promotes local travel experiences and full holiday bundles designed by deaf people for deaf people. By doing so, it also fosters international sign language education.
The competition winners will be announced on Thursday 8 November. Keep up to date with the winners by following the competition's twitter channel and by subscribing to the email list.
Keep up to date with the winners by following the competition's twitter channel and by subscribing to the email list.
Follow @EUSocialInnov
Interested in social issues and innovative solutions? Secure one of the few remaining places at the 2018 #diogochallenge awards ceremony in #Brussels on 8 November to learn about inspiring early-stage #socent and meet like-minded people. Register here: ➡ https://t.co/05FVT5yjsa pic.twitter.com/OfpptJCKKq
— EU Social Innovation (@EUSocialInnov) October 29, 2018
competition Europe Europe startups innovation innovator social innovation
Causeartist
A media platform driven by socially conscious consumers, writers, and brands changing the world through Social Impact and Social Enterprise.
Causeartist November 2, 2018
Social Enterprises Advocating for Sustainable Agriculture & Healthcare Shine at Asia's Leading Social Venture Challenge
New Podcast Gives Impact Tips from UN Global Goals Pioneers
Karma Network Launches New Show Focused On Innovation & Impact Lifestyle
This Social Entrepreneur Created An Affordable Shoe That Grows For Children Around The Globe

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


First, whenever feasible, we will try those who have violated American criminal laws in federal courts….The second category of cases involves detainees who violate the laws of war and are therefore best tried through military commissions….
The third category of detainees includes those who have been ordered released by the courts….The fourth category of cases involves detainees who we have determined can be transferred safely to another country.
….Now, finally, there remains the question of detainees at Guantanamo who cannot be prosecuted yet who pose a clear danger to the American people….Examples of that threat include people who've received extensive explosives training at al Qaeda training camps, or commanded Taliban troops in battle, or expressed their allegiance to Osama bin Laden, or otherwise made it clear that they want to kill Americans. These are people who, in effect, remain at war with the United States.
If we don't have enough evidence to charge someone with a crime, we don't have enough evidence to hold them. Period.
The power to detain people without filing criminal charges against them is a dictatorial power. It is inherently arbitrary. What is it that they are supposed to have done? If it is not a crime, why on earth not make it one? If it is a crime, and we have evidence that this person committed it, but that evidence was extracted under torture, then perhaps we need to remind ourselves of the fact that torture is unreliable. If we just don't have enough evidence, that's a problem, but it's also a problem with detaining them in the first place.
I appreciate the outrage, but this is a genuinely knotty problem. It was knotty under Bush and it remains knotty under Obama. For various reasons, some defensible and some not, Obama is right: there are almost certainly a small number of Guantanamo detainees who are (a) unquestionably terrorists and unquestionably still dedicated to fighting the United States, but (b) impossible to convict in any kind of normal proceeding.
At the same time, they aren't American citizens. They were captured on a foreign battlefield, not U.S. soil. They are, essentially if not legally, prisoners of war in a war with no end. So what do we do?
There is no president of the United States who has ever lived who would release such people. There's no president who would survive doing so even if he did. It's an impossible situation.
So what do we do? This is a case where, unfortunately, I think outrage is too cheap and too easy. We're still left with the question: what do we do?
UPDATE: Glenn Greenwald makes the argument against Obama's proposal here. Big Tent Democrat responds here.


Since 1993, Credit Suisse has been the main sponsor of the Swiss Football Association (SFA) and a partner to all junior and senior national teams in both men's and women's football.
This comprehensive commitment from Credit Suisse is helping to improve general conditions in football while enabling outstanding sporting performance at all levels. Within this strategy, the bank is especially committed to promoting young talent – one half of its sponsorship funds are targeted directly at promoting talented young footballers.
Further information and interesting stories about the Swiss national football teams and Credit Suisse's long-standing partnership with the SFA as well as competitions with great prizes can be found on our football website.
Interesting stories about the Swiss national football teams and competitions with great prizes.


"The CITES Workshop on the Conservation of Sea Cucumbers in the Families Holothuriidae and Stichopodidae (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, March 1-3, 2004) was convened to review biological, fishery and trade information for commercially important sea cucumber species, and identify possible national, regional and international conservation mechanisms to ensure that the harvest and trade in these species is sustainable"--Executive summary.
University of Hawaii at Manoa. Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (U.S.). PIFSC special publication. United States. National Marine Fisheries Service.


text:
China Lake (1983)
After working as a cinematographer on the documentary The Jupiter Menace (1982) and the strange and pretty good The Black Room (1982) and doing photo stills for Charles Band movies like Adult Fairy Tales (1978) and TOURIST TRAP (1979), Harmon made his directorial debut with this 35-minute, self-financed, 3000-dollar-budgeted short that he also wrote, produced and photographed. Filmed in 1981 over a 11 day period with the entire cast and crew working for free, China Lake was in post production for two long years before being shown theatrically. After being well-received at the Chicago International Film Festival, it then became a handy promotional tool for the director and helped him land an agent and other film jobs. Soon after, he secured the director's seat for the 6 million-budgeted studio film THE HITCHER (1986), which ended up under-performing at the box office but would eventually pick itself up a following of sorts. Both this and The Hitcher, as well as Harmon's later Highwayman (2004), share many things in common. All three involve a psycho targeting victims along desolate, picturesque stretches of quiet road. Producer / co-writer Beth Tate later co-produced a feature-length "sequel" (more like a remake actually) to this short called The China Lake Murders, which starred Tom Skerritt and Michael Parks and debuted on the USA Network in 1990.
L.A. motorcycle cop Donnelly (Charles Napier) has just earned himself a much-needed vacation, so how does he spend it? Catching up on his sleep? Going to the beach to work on his tan? Vegging out in front of the TV with a stack of horror DVDs? Nope, nope and nope. He's up bright and early as soon as the sun rises and back out patrolling the streets. This guy is dedicated. He's also unhinged. On a stretch of nearly-deserted desert road, Donnelly gets his kicks terrorizing anyone unfortunate enough to be driving through. His first victim is Helene (Gilmer McCormick), who's sober but subjected to a humiliating sobriety test anyway. After walking a straight line drawn in the sand, closing her eyes and touching her nose with her fingers and lifting one leg, she finds herself handcuffed and stuck in the trunk of her car. "Don't worry about it," the officer soothingly tells her, "Somebody will be around shortly...I'm sure." Donnelly swings by a closed gas station long enough to change back into civilian clothes and steal some gas after shooting the lock off the pump.
The next day, he swings in to a diner; the same diner he goes to the same time every year on his way up to visit China Lake. Waitress Kitty (Lindsey Fields) points out that China Lake is a dump but Donnelly explains its appeal to him: "I can go up there. I can be alone. Do what the hell I want to do. Nobody bothers me." And "Do what the hell I want to do" is exactly what he does. This trip is a way for him to blow off some steam from work by violently venting out his frustrations on others. A pair of loud, dirty cement workers, which he nicknames Little Germ (William Sanderson) and Big Guy (Mickey Jones) in his voice-over, manage to piss him off by their mere appearance. He fantasizes about torturing one by burning his hand and tongue on a grill and, later, lucks out when one of the men gets a flat tire and he stumbles upon him.
Character actor Napier does typically fine work in the lead role (especially in the diner scene where he subtly alternates charm and menace), the desert scenery is great to look at it (and nicely shot) and there's some imaginative camerawork, with fast-moving POVs zooming down the highway and looking over the handlebars, with many shots attached to the side of a moving motorcycle. Fans of The Hitcher will also find this of interest and have fun spotting all of the similarities between the two. That said, the thrills and suspense are pretty much nonexistent and the concept of a "trust-worthy" rogue killer cop wasn't anything new by 1983 standards (about as "shocking" as a killer priest thanks to the dozen or so Italian gialli of the 70s that used that as a "twist"). Harmon went on to make the shitty box office flop They (2002), but did better on the small screen, receiving Emmy and Director's Guild nominations for his TV biopic Gotti (1996).
As with many short features from the 80s before DVD extras came into play, China Lake sat out for the entire VHS era. It went mostly unseen until the German company Kinowelt Home Entertainment included it as an extra on their 2 disc Special Edition release of The Hitcher in 2003. The short even comes with a text introduction and director's commentary track. This same release was distributed by Momentum Pictures out of the UK and Studio Canal out of France.
Labels: biker, Charles Napier, desert, road thriller, short, William Sanderson


text:
A Cold Day for Murder (Compact Disc)
By Dana Stabenow, Marguerite Gavin (Read by)
Brilliance Corporation, 9781455830824
Mass Market (6/1/1992)
Compact Disc (10/18/2013)
MP3 CD (8/11/2015)
MP3 CD (10/18/2012)
Compact Disc (10/1/2011)
MP3 CD (10/1/2011)
Pre-Recorded Audio Player (10/18/2011)
Eighteen months ago, Aleut Kate Shugak quit her job investigating sex crimes for the Anchorage DA's office and retreated to her father's homestead in a national park in the interior of Alaska. But the world has a way of beating a path to her door, however remote. In the middle of one of the bitterest Decembers in recent memory ex-boss -- and ex-lover -- Jack Morgan shows up with an FBI agent in tow. A Park ranger with powerful relatives is missing, and now the investigator Jack sent in to look for him is missing, too. Reluctantly, Kate, along with Mutt, her half-wolf, half-husky sidekick, leaves her wilderness refuge to follow a frozen trail through the Park, twenty thousand square miles of mountain and tundra sparsely populated with hunters, fishermen, trappers, mushers, pilots and homesteaders. Her formidable grandmother and Native chief, Ekaterina Shugak, is -- for reasons of her own -- against Kate's investigation; her cousin, Martin, may be Kate's prime suspect; and the local trooper, Jim Chopin, is more interested in Kate than in her investigation. In the end, the sanctuary she sought after five and a half years in the urban jungles may prove more lethal than anything she left behind in the city streets of Anchorage.
Not Currently Available for Direct Purchase


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text:
using NotaFiscalNet.Core.Interfaces;
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Xml;

namespace NotaFiscalNet.Core
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Representa uma Coleção de Armamentos.
    /// </summary>
    public sealed class FornecimentoDiarioCanaCollection : BaseCollection<FornecimentoDiarioCana>, ISerializavel, IModificavel
    {
        private const int Capacidade = 31;

        /// <summary>
        /// Retorna se existe alguma instancia da classe modificada na coleção
        /// </summary>
        public bool Modificado => this.Any(item => item.Modificado);

        public void Serializar(XmlWriter writer, INFe nfe)
        {
            foreach (var item in this)
            {
                if (item.Modificado)
                    ((ISerializavel)item).Serializar(writer, nfe);
            }
        }

        protected override void PreAdd(CancelEventArgs e, FornecimentoDiarioCana item)
        {
            if (Count == Capacidade)
                throw new ApplicationException(
                    $"A capacidade máxima deste campo é de {Capacidade} Fornecimentos Diários de Cana.");
            base.PreAdd(e, item);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Our Downtown collection comprises striking modernist inspired pieces, in beautiful new colours for the sunny season.


text:
Why Criticize Economics
Suppose you believe the things that most people who understand the science believe:
that the changes we are imposing on the world are huge and dangerous
that the impacts follow the causes by some decades
that we have a moral obligation not to trash the whole planet in the future
Then suppose you grant that, as an especially egregious op-ed by Holman Jenkins in the Wall Street Journal has it today:
Our political system has been looking at the problem of climate change for a generation, and lack of action is not due to the machinations of big oil – but to the inability of policy to bridge a giant chasm between proposed costs and benefits. Even if carbon's guilt is assumed, the economics are far from certain that it wouldn't be cheaper just to endure a changing climate.
You would conclude that the word "cheaper" in this case is not an example of frugality but of shallowness. You would try to find out how this sort of shallowness managed to position itself as the arbiter of long-range decision making. You would seek intellectually sound alternatives that didn't yield results absurdly out of line with any remotely moral position that doesn't have a direct line from God on the date certain of the Rapture.
Then there's the concluding paragraph:
Voters and their representatives then could at least contemplate supporting a climate policy on cost-benefit grounds, rather than on the religious posturing that Al Gore and others adopt to push what they can't sell rationally.
Yes, of course, Al Gore, Al Gore, Al Gore. Who's the rational one here? (Of course, if it weren't Al Gore it would be somebody else.) This isn't about personality cults, it's about physics and biology.
As for costs and benefits, I have been arguing all along that you need to attend to the worst plausible cases for cost-benefit analysis. I welcome the day when people at the WSJ and the like understand that the IPCC median outcome is very far short of the cost-weighted mean outcome.
That's not my main point, though. Look very carefully at what they are doing. See how "cheaper" is declared "rational", protecting the earth for our descendants is "religious posturing". This position is unreasonable, even if you concede that it is in some sense "cheaper" to "endure". Human beings did not sell the right to a moral compass when we invented money, insofar as I know.
Economics is not the totality of reason, no matter whether it declares itself so or not. There are, as even the WSJ may have heard, some things that money just can't buy.
A viable planet, for instance. It's an important case, you know. It's the one thing that if you don't have it, money can't buy anything at all.
Update: Dano didn't much care for this entry, but he came up with this amazing link, congressional testimony of Jonathan Rowe. That's the best statement of the problem with the growth imperative that I have ever seen. Except for the (very interesting) history, there's probably nothing here I or many of us haven't said in one way or another, but it's presented powerfully and (for me at least) very persuasively.
Posted by Michael Tobis at 12:57 PM
Labels: economics, Wall Street Journal, WSJ
Pffft. There are so many dog-whistle phrases in there that the ideological position of 'Markety goodness!!!!' is clear from the beginning.
This column isn't the basis for rational discussion or provoking thought, it is merely to reinforce the status quo editorial position - and presumably if something is repeated enough, it becomes true.
Thank you for all the words, but not worth the energy expenditure to knock down, in my view.
We live in a society in which our right to hold and express baseless opinions is more sacred than than the pursuit of truth and knowledge, alas.
And as for the pseudoscience of "economics", it's a one-word oxymoron. Economy doesn't come into it anymore.
Ah, Dano, my first bad review from you as far as I have noticed.
I disagree though. I'm rather pleased with my response. Admittedly, less directed toward the choir than usual.
So you don't think this nasty business states the Lomborgist position? You don't think we need an alternative way of thinking about these things? You don't think truth bears repeating as long as people repeat lies?
"we are imposing"
"huge"
"some decades"
"trash the whole planet"
"shallowness"
"intellectually sound"
"absurdly out of line"
"you need to attend to the worst plausible cases"
I struggle with the aphorism:
To oppose something is to maintain it -- Ursula K. LeGuin
wrt the Dano character's focus and purpose.
On the one hand, as you say, the truth bears repeating. OTOH, this whack-a-mole business doesn't clear the smoke or break the mirrors.
My current focus with Dano is to be clear about the FUD purveying (non-Dano is to clarify and delimit policy options, as there really is no debate about causation in the halls of power [a few Neandertals in the Senate don't count for much]) and simply to focus on mischaracterization and malinformation.
IOW: this op-ed will have little play with decision-makers, as they know already (or their staff do), and the battle that the FUD purveyors is waging is that there is a groundswell of voters importuning inaction. The job is not to disseminate/refute/rebut - rather, the job is to point out the misinformation, malcharacterization, FUD Purveyance.
That is: you providing 6500 byes of data refuting this knob's ideological message is yet another "my facts trump your facts". Spending 440 bytes explaining the FUD job is vastly more efficient in my view. Hence the importance of framing, delivery, and intent.
YMMV, but I don't see decision-makers nodding their heads in agreement at op-eds like this weak cr*p. They look both ways to see how many voters are nodding their heads, though. The job is to count those heads.
BTW, note my failure to mention economics. This topic is entirely separate, yet connected. Economics needs to be addressed this way.
The way we approach economics (alluded to with my mention of Berry's book What are People _For_?) is bass-ackwards and quibbling with committed macro people is the equivalent of blowing bubbles, in my view (says the EcolEcon adherant).
That is: we aren't asking the right questions. What are the right questions? Glad you asked. This is the full testimony that was excerpted in the June 08 Harper's. Ask these questions.
These questions are what we need. In the way you ask them.
OK, back to the Red Wings game.
Steven, yes, those are the words I used. I see nothing wrong with any of them.
I don't think you played along. I asked you to start with the supposition that you believed the three numbered points.
As for attending to the worst plausible cases, that's what risk assessment does. Don't you buy insurance?
Poor Steven tries, unsuccessfully, to do a Dano-like FUD score.
Steven, you have to show how these phrases are akin to propaganda - false - to further an ideological agenda. You can't even strike the match to hold a candle, as your fumbling fingers give you away.
(Red Wings in connnnntrolllll)
Tobis:
"You don't think we need an alternative way of thinking about these things?"
No doubt yes, but the key here is to figure out what was behind the screwed way of thinking in the first place.
The thing's this: it never was about economics, or cost-benefit analysis, or growth, or business, or whatever. These people are pundits who know zilch about the mechanics of actually starting a real successful business -- John Mashey, Gristmill, and myself have argued this countless times. Milloy's $12m "Free Enterprise Action Fund" won't help to cure cancer, or look after your baby, or do any of the other things that Worstall talks about; all it'll do is stir up a lot of crap during shareholder meetings in ExxonMobil and the USCAP companies.
If it's not about business, then what is it about? I think it's simply about environmentalism-hating, plain and simple. It's about slaying green dragons, rescuing capitalist damsels in distress, and waging war against Sauron the Dark Lord. The latest attack on the AGW theory is just an extension of a long-standing attack on environmentalism and all things environmentalist.
-- bi, International Journal of Inactivism
Michael, but "saving the planet" is too generic. You have to be more concrete. People don't know the effects. Even I don't.
You have to provide a counter-argument with some content of it's own.
Economics provides the money argument, people can handle that, it ties to something they experience daily.
bi - irrational environmentalism has given environmentalism as a whole a bad name for a long time, so in that sense your somewhat strange reading may make some sense.
It's a nice article you link to but it doesn't support your point particularly well. I'm always interested in what mid-century naturalist pioneers like Aldo Leopold said and did. I don't think Greenpeace are in that tradition, though.
As long as anthropogenic climate change is lumped in with the movement that calls itself "environmentalism" it is little wonder that it is treated with skepticism. The intellectual standards of the green activists of the past generation are not especially strong testimony for IPCC to say the least.
So, thanks but no thanks. I prefer to get my opinions retail, thankyouverymuchgoodday.
"irrational environmentalism has given environmentalism as a whole a bad name for a long time [...] I'm always interested in what mid-century naturalist pioneers like Aldo Leopold said and did. I don't think Greenpeace are in that tradition, though."
I don't think it's about "irrational environmentalism" or Greenpeace either. Consider that the anti-Carson "as long as we have the H-bomb everything will be O.K." letter was written and published in 1962, way before Greenpeace (a.k.a. Don't Make a Wave) started its first anti-nuke protests...
So yes, there's this "irrational environmentalism" thing, and of course irrationality is a bad thing... but for the inactivists it's just another pretext to hide the fact that they simply hate all things environmentalist. It was never about economics, and it was never about Greenpeace. It's about hating people.
And in this, they're egged on by ExxonMobil and friends, who find in these pundits a convenient way to prop up their short-sighted business models. ExxonMobil continues to sell oil, the pundits get a virtual megaphone to broadcast their agenda of hate, everyone wins.
It was never about economics, and it was never about Greenpeace. It's about hating people.
It's about having a focus. A totem. Not all of them want to hate, but all of them want a totem to focus their "thought" process. Algore, DDT, Mannian sports equipment, Tyrone Hayes, Chapela, save the whales, etc.
I like you guys better when you aren't interpreting your opposition.
I don't really know what makes them tick either but this can't possibly be it.
mt, it's absolutely how they write their op-ed pieces, what I said above. Check them out. Formulaic. What's the first para.? Is there something for head nodding? Then the thesis.
Oh well, back to the article... I think it can be summarized thus:
Paragraphs 1--6: High oil prices aren't (really) a problem. Ponies! Ponies!
Paragraphs 7--11: The greenies are stupid and insane and dangerous.
Paragraph 12: Victory will be ours! Bwahahahahahaha!
Apparently this crap makes "sense" to some people.
Sleight-of-Mind
National Academies Get Iota of Press Coverage
Hansen's Inflammatory Language
What Science Blogs Can Do
Hansen's 20th Anniversary Speech
My Little World Revisited
Surprised to Agree
Sea Ice Update
Move Left!
Progress in Pop Climatology
Flooding? Not here.
Message from an Old Friend
History of Opinon on Climate Change
Uncertainty Does Not Call For Inaction
Denialists Convincing Selves of Biodiversity Increase
Yale 2005 and Followups: Science to Action?
More Fish, Same Barrel
Second Life Journal Club
Union of Concerned Scientists Letter
Jobs as Cost vs Jobs as Benefit


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a bilingual evening of contemporary Yiddish poetry!
When: Sunday, August 1, 2010; 6 – 7:45 P.M.
Do you or your family know any unusual or interesting Seder or Shabbat songs? If so we'd love to hear from you – even if you don't have the voice of an opera singer!
The REFLECTIONS project is creating an anthology of the huge range of different melodies sung in Jewish homes around Britain at Seder, Chanukah and Shabbat and recording them for posterity. Through the family stories of our interviewees we are tracing the origins of the songs and in this way developing a collection of Jewish Musical Journeys – a social history of the British Jewish community through its music.


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Release date for BIGBANG"s "MADE" studio album pushed back
YG Entertainment has confirmed the delay in the release of BIGBANG's upcoming full length album for the members to recharge.
In a statement released by the agency on August 18th, it was decided that after promoting continuously for the past four months, BIGBANG will be taking a break in order to recharge. Furthermore, as the upcoming release will be their full-length album, it was explained that the break was needed to add a new track and improve their album. It was decided that the three weeks initially scheduled for their local promotional activities will be used to recharge and work on their new track.
The agency further asked the consideration of their fans regarding the delay of their album release. The full length-length album was scheduled to be released on September 1st.
Meanwhile, aside from promoting the four singles released under the MADE series, BIGBANG was also meeting their fans though ongoing concert tour across Asia. The members also managed to balanced group activities with their individual commitments including filming schedules and variety shows recording.
Source: Newsen


text:
Das geöffnete Grab (auch: Gesprengtes Grab) in Hannover ist ein Grabmal auf dem Gartenfriedhof im Warmbüchenviertel nahe dem Aegidientorplatz und eines der Wahrzeichen der Stadt Hannover.

Geschichte
Das Grabmal ist ein Erbbegräbnis der in jungen Jahren an Schwindsucht verstorbenen Henriette Juliane Caroline von Rüling (1756–1782), der Ehefrau des hannoverschen Regierungssekretärs Georg Ernst von Rüling und Tochter des Oberappellationsgerichtsrats Georg Wilhelm von Willich. Es trägt die Inschrift

Im Lauf der Jahre hatte jedoch eine zwischen dem Sockel und dem zentnerschweren Grabstein herausgewachsene und immer größer gewordene Birke den Stein angehoben und auf diese Weise trotz des Gebotes der Inschrift das Grab dennoch "geöffnet".

So reihte sich das Grab als Kuriosität schon im 19. Jahrhundert ein in eine Reihe von geöffneten Gräbern, über die zahlreiche Schauergeschichten erzählt wurden. Das Grab gehörte zu den frühen Touristen-Attraktionen und entwickelte sich im weiteren Sinne zu einem der Wahrzeichen der Stadt Hannover.

Die Geschichte des Grabes bildete die Vorlage für den 1883 erschienenen Roman Das geöffnete Grab von Otto Warbeck.

Um 1900 war das Geöffnete Grab Motiv auf zahlreichen Ansichtskarten. Karl Friedrich Wunder, Sohn des ersten hannoverschen Fotografen Friedrich Wunder, publizierte eine Fotografie des Grabes in seinem um 1905 erschienenen Bildband Hannover – 26 Ansichten nach künstlerischen Aufnahmen.

Anfang 2010 wurde der Baum von Arbeitern der Grünkolonne, Beauftragte des Grünflächenamtes der Stadt, "aus Sicherheitsgründen" gefällt, was nachträglich zu vielfachen Protesten führte. In Absprache mit dem Denkmalamt wurde eine "angemessene Wiederherstellung der historischen Grabstätte" angekündigt. Danach wurde eine junge Birke direkt neben dem Grabstein angepflanzt.

Siehe auch
 Grabmal des Heinrich Bernhard Röhrs

Literatur
 Helmut Zimmermann: Hannoversche Porträts. Lebensbilder aus sieben Jahrhunderten, illustriert von Rainer Ossi Osswald, Harenberg, Hannover 1983, S. 64–66
 Karin Vera Schmidt: Warmbüchenviertel: Alte Birke am "offenen" Grab ist tot / Die Stadt hat den bekannten Baum auf dem Gartenfriedhof im Warmbüchenviertel gefällt., online auf Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung vom 28. Januar 2010, zuletzt abgerufen am 6. Juni 2013
 Dirk Böttcher: Geöffnetes Grab. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (Hrsg.) u. a.: Stadtlexikon Hannover. Von den Anfängen bis in die Gegenwart. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9, S. 208.
 Landeshauptstadt Hannover: Der Gartenfriedhof, kostenlose Broschüre vom Grünflächenamt Hannover in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Presseamt Hannover, Dezember 1997, S. 22
 oder als PDF-Dokument online (1,23 MB; PDF)
 Otto Warbeck: Das geöffnete Grab, Roman, Hannover: Schlütersche Druckerei, 1883

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Grabmal in Hannover
Baudenkmal in Hannover
Erbaut in den 1780er Jahren
Mitte (Hannover)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Смоленское кладбище, ранее — Первое городское кладбище, народное наименование Мыльная гора — крупнейшее из действующих кладбищ Тулы площадью 160 га, открытое в 1969 году. Расположено в юго-восточной части города в Центральном округе Тулы по адресу: Новомосковское шоссе, 60. Название кладбище получило в связи с расположением на его территории церкви Смоленской Божьей Матери. На кладбище создана Аллея Славы для захоронения выдающихся личностей Тулы.

Известные люди, похороненные на кладбище

 Макаровец, Николай Александрович (1939—2019) — конструктор оружия
 Макаров, Николай Фёдорович (1914—1988) — конструктор оружия
 Мелешко, Олег Иванович (1917—1989) — Герой Советского Союза
 Тихмянов, Леонид Павлович (1920—1981) — генерал-майор, Герой Советского Союза
 Пчёлкина, Евгения Ивановна (1928—1997) — советская и российская актриса, Народная артистка России
 Стечкин, Игорь Яковлевич (1922—2001) — советский и российский конструктор стрелкового оружия
 Матвеев, Михаил Николаевич (1956—2005) — советский и российский актёр, Заслуженный артист России
 Казаков, Николай Алексеевич (1938—2005) — советский и российский актёр театра и кино, Народный артист РСФСР
 Сотничевская, Софья Владимировна (1916—2011) — советская и российская театральная актриса и педагог, Заслуженная артистка РСФСР.

Ссылки
 Смоленское кладбище в Общероссийском реестре кладбищ

Кладбища по алфавиту
Кладбища Тулы


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Domer Monty Williams Tells His Story
Maya A. Jones | August 2, 2016
It was a phone call former Oklahoma City Thunder assistant coach Monty Williams could never have prepared himself for.
He knew something was horribly awry when his daughter answered a call in February informing them that Ingrid, his wife of 20 years, was in a hospital fighting for her life after being involved in a head-on car collision.
Three of his children were also in the vehicle, but escaped with minor injuries. Ingrid Williams died a short time later.


The swell of the season got a very special spot working better than I've seen..
Late afternoon and into the evening some very brave and skilled surfers got some really..
This morning was amazing! The waves were just perfect. This will be the start of..


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The Historic East Campus at Muskingum College (1873-2016)
Paul Hall remains the only building left on Muskingum's former Historic East Campus. So what all was up there?
by Pat Mullen February 3, 2021
The Peters Cartridge Factory
This particular area near Cincinnati is best known today for its Kings Island Amusement Park, which has entertained guests for nearly fifty years. Prior to this, Kings Mills had been known to its residents for housing a large ammunition factory. Founded by Gershom Moore Peters in 1887, the company would have its heydays in the…
by Pat Mullen December 20, 2020
(Distributed by Focus Features; Image Copied from IndieWire December 10, 2020) Release Date: October 2, 2009Runtime: 1hr 46mDirector: Joel Coen and Ethan Coen "Help me." "I didn't do, ANYTHING!" "When the truth is found to be lies, and all the joy within you dies, don't you want somebody to love?" A Serious Man is a…
by Pat Mullen December 10, 2020 December 10, 2020
Lost to Time: The Muskingum University Quad Parking Lot
There was a neighborhood where Muskingum University's Quad parking lot is now?
by Pat Mullen August 21, 2020 August 21, 2020
Sketchy Details: The Rise, Fall, and Re-rise of Animation Domination
Animation. An expressive form of storytelling, bringing illustration to life through frames, turning drawings into a vivid, living piece of work. A medium to give a sense of expression that real life does not always capture. Something once considered goofy and innocent grew up to serve various purposes. From Steamboat Willie to propaganda cartoons starring…
by Pat Mullen May 3, 2020
(Distributed by Next Entertainment World; Image Downloaded from NME April 20, 2020)(Originally posted on PatPostsAboutFilm.tumblr.com on April 20, 2020) Release Date: July 20, 2016Runtime: 1hr 58mDirector: Yeon Sang-ho The genre of zombie movies rarely appeals to me, however like many in cinema, I can make exception to quite a few, including Shawn of the Dead (which its…
by Pat Mullen May 2, 2020 May 3, 2020
(Distributed by Magnolia Pictures; Image Downloaded from BFI April 16, 2020)(Originally posted on PatPostsAboutFilm.tumblr.com on April 16, 2020) Release Date: March 11, 2017Runtime: 1hr 28mDirector: John Carroll Lynch In a slight opposite of the previous review (Big Time Adolescence), this is now a look at an ending-of-life dramedy. The final role of character actor Harry Dean…
Big Time Adolescence
(Distributed by Hulu; Image Downloaded from Decider April 3, 2020)(Originally posted on PatPostsAboutFilm.tumblr.com on April 3, 2020) Release Date: March 13, 2020Runtime: 1hr 30mDirector: Jason Orley Coming-of-age dramedies were probably in their heyday in the 1970s and 80s, with the best remembered ones such as The Breakfast Club and Sixteen Candles, while less-remembered but still prevalent at one…
(Paramount Pictures; Linked from Entertainment Weekly 11 Aug, 2017)(Originally posted on PatPostsAboutFilm.tumblr.com 20 Dec, 2017) Release Date: December 22nd, 2017Runtime: 2hr 15mDirector: Alexander Payne Due to the plot of the film, any puns that may seem overused or intended are not. They are simply how I will describe this film. When scientists discover a way…
(Universe Pictures; Linked from Genre November 27, 2017)(Originally posted on PatPostsAboutFilm.tumblr.com March 7, 2018) Release Date: February 24, 2017Runtime: 1hr 44mDirector: Jordan Peele It took over a year until I finally watched this film. Unlike most hype built around theatrical releases, this was a film I truly wanted to watch in a theater. No open-minded…


text:
Justia Patents Trainable Classifiers Or Pattern Recognizers (e.g., Adaline, Perceptron)US Patent for Converting a first acquired data subset to a second acquired data subset Patent (Patent # 10,162,070)
Converting a first acquired data subset to a second acquired data subset
Nov 1, 2012 - WESTERNGECO L.L.C.
Acquired data that corresponds at least in part to a target structure is received. One or more subsets of a first type are formed from the acquired data. The one or more subsets of the first type are converted to one or more subsets of a second, different type.
Latest WESTERNGECO L.L.C. Patents:
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This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/620,580 filed Apr. 5, 2012, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Survey data can be acquired using a survey acquisition system that can include one or more survey sources and one or more survey receivers. Examples of survey sources and survey receivers include seismic sources and seismic receivers. A seismic source can be activated to produce seismic energy that is propagated into a subsurface formation, and reflected seismic energy can be detected by a seismic receiver.
Data acquired by one or more seismic receivers in response to activation of one or more seismic sources can be processed to develop an image of the subsurface formation. An example type of data processing includes data migration, in which seismic events in the acquired seismic data can be geometrically re-located (migrated) in either space or time, or both, to the locations where the seismic events occurred in the subsurface formation. Based on the migrated data, an image of the subsurface formation can be developed.
In general, according to some implementations, a method includes receiving acquired data that corresponds at least in part to a target structure, forming one or more vector image partition (VIP) gathers from at least part of the acquired data, and converting the one or more VIP gathers into one or more angle gathers.
In further or other implementations, the converting includes converting the one or more VIP gathers into one or more approximate angle gathers.
In further or other implementations, the converting uses an approximate velocity model.
In further or other implementations, the approximate velocity model is a one-dimensional (1D) velocity model.
In further or other implementations, the converting uses a one-dimensional (1D) velocity model.
In further or other implementations, using the approximate velocity model comprises using the approximate velocity model in a mapping function that maps between the one or more VIP gathers and the one or more angle gathers.
In further or other implementations, using the approximate velocity model comprises using the approximate velocity model to compute a source direction of a source seismic wave.
In further or other implementations, the converting includes using the computed source direction in mapping the one or more VIP gathers to one or more angle gathers.
In further or other implementations, a moveout of the one or more angle gathers is mapped to a domain of the one or more VIP gathers.
In further or other implementations, tomography processing is performed using the mapped moveout.
In general, according to further implementations, an article comprising at least one machine-readable storage medium stores instructions that upon execution cause a system to receive acquired data that corresponds at least in part to a subsurface formation, form one or more subsets of a first type from the acquired data, convert the one or more subsets of the first type to one or more subsets of a second, different type, and apply processing relating to the subsurface formation on the one or more subsets of the second type.
In further or other implementations, the converting uses a velocity model of the subsurface formation that includes velocities as a function of a plurality of coordinates.
In further or other implementations, the converting uses a velocity model of the subsurface formation that includes velocities as a function of one coordinate.
In further or other implementations, the one or more subsets of the second type are approximate one or more subsets of the second type, and where applying the processing comprises mapping data of the approximate one or more subsets of the second type to a domain of the one or more subsets of the first type.
In further or other implementations, the one or more subsets of the first type include vector image partition (VIP) gathers for corresponding different values of an offset between a location of a survey source and a surface location of acquired data.
In further or other implementations, the one or more subsets of the second type include angle gathers for corresponding different values of an angle between a direction of a source wave and a direction that is normal to a dip.
In further or other implementations, the converting includes decomposing a particular one of the VIP gathers into a plurality of dip components for respective dips.
In further or other implementations, the converting uses an angle mapping function that maps between the angle and a difference between the direction of the source wave and the direction that is normal to the dip.
In general, according to other implementations, a system includes at least one processor to receive acquired data that corresponds at least in part to a target structure, form one or more subsets of a first type from the acquired data, convert the one or more subsets of the first type to one or more subsets of a second, different type, and apply processing relating to the target structure on the one or more subsets of the second type.
Other or alternative features will become apparent from the following description, from the drawings, and from the claims.
Some embodiments are described with respect to the following figures:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an example arrangement relating to a subterranean formation;
FIGS. 2 and 3 are schematic views of moveouts according to some examples;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of various parameters relating to angle gathers, according to some examples;
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a process for converting between different types of gathers, in accordance with some implementations; and
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example system according to some implementations.
Migration of acquired seismic data (as measured by one or more seismic receivers in response to activation of one or more seismic sources) can be performed using any one of various different migration techniques, including, as examples, reverse time migration (RTM), Kirchhoff depth migration, Gaussian beam migration, wave-equation migration, and so forth. In the ensuing discussion, reference is made to techniques or mechanisms applied on acquired seismic data for use in RTM. However, in other implementations, techniques or mechanisms are applicable to acquired seismic data for other imaging techniques.
In performing seismic data acquisition, various traces of seismic data can be recorded by respective seismic receivers. A trace of seismic data refers to the seismic data recorded by a particular channel of the data acquisition system, where the channel can correspond to one seismic receiver or a group of seismic receivers. Similarly, the output of migration may include one or more data records, also referred to as traces, at a common surface location. A collection of traces, either input or output, with a common attribute, such as source location or migrated output location, can be referred to as a gather.
Subsets of the traces can be derived, and processing can be performed based on the subsets. The processing can include processing relating to tomography (for updating a velocity model used to produce an image of a subterranean formation), stacking (combining multiple traces for reducing noise or to improve overall data quality), or other types of processing. In some examples, subsets can include vector image partition (VIP) gathers that can be output from RTM. In the case of VIP gathers, the common attribute is the vector offset from a seismic source (hereinafter referred to as the "source location") to the point on the surface corresponding to a migrated image location.
In the present discussion, reference is made to techniques or mechanisms applied with respect to subsurface formations. However, techniques or mechanisms according to some implementations can also be applied with respect to other target structures that are the subject of a survey, such as human tissue, mechanical structures, and so forth.
FIG. 1 depicts an example that includes a source location s and an image location x that is in a subsurface formation 104 underneath an earth surface 102. The image location x is the location of a seismic trace representing an element in the subsurface formation 104. As indicated by a vertical dashed line in FIG. 1, the image location x can be projected to a surface image location 106 at the earth surface 102. A distance (or offset) between the shot location s and the surface image location 106 that corresponds to the projection of the image location x to the earth surface 102 is represented as d. Different traces within the VIP gather at 106 correspond to different values of d. More generally, a VIP gather can contain seismic traces for a specific range of d values, where the range of d values can include just one or multiple d values.
A VIP gather can be considered a partial stack of a seismic volume that includes seismic data at various points in the subsurface formation 104. The bins (traces) of the stack are partitioned based on values of d.
It is relatively computationally efficient to compute VIP gathers. VIP gathers can be used for various purposes, including performing quality checks of a velocity model, to optimize (or otherwise improve) a stacking process, and so forth. For example, VIP gathers can be muted by attenuating incoherent energy (e.g. noise) such that the appearance of a stack can be improved.
However, VIP gathers may not be effectively used for tomography (for the purpose of producing an image based on the acquired seismic data). This is because moveout in a VIP gather is a function of both dip and angle (and also based on correctness of a velocity model). Moveout can refer to a difference in arrival times, or depths, of a reflected wave measured by seismic receivers at different offset locations with respect to a seismic source. A dip refers to a magnitude of an inclination of a planar feature in the subsurface formation 104 from a horizontal plane. A representation of a dip is shown as a slanted line 108 in FIG. 1. Angle is represented as angle θ, which is also referred to as the opening angle.
Moveouts are depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. 2 shows various moveouts (represented by respective curves 202, 204, and 206) for respective different events. The curve 202 represents a flat event, and the curves 204 and 206 represent respective dipping events. More specifically, curve 206 represents a positive dipping event, where the event dips along a northeast to southwest direction, similar to that of the line 108 in FIG. 1. On the other hand, curve 204 represents a negative dipping event, where the event dips in a northwest to southeast direction.
In FIG. 2, the horizontal axis represents d, while the vertical axis represents depth (z). The distance d represented by a vector from s to 106 corresponds to a point on the horizontal d axis in FIG. 2. Points 208, 210, and 212 on the respective curves 202, 204, and 206 correspond to a location where the opening angle θ is zero. As the opening angle θ increases or decreases from zero, the moveout changes, as represented by the respective curves 202, 204, and 206. The curved edges that form smiles at the ends of the respective curves 202, 204, and 206 result from edge effects.
Not only do the moveouts represented by the curves 202, 204 and 206 change as a function of the opening angle θ, the different curves 202, 204, and 206 corresponding to different types of dips (flat event, positive dipping event, and negative dipping event) indicates that moveout is also a function of dip.
FIG. 2 assumes that a velocity model used for deriving the moveouts is correct. A velocity model includes estimates of velocity parameters at various locations within a volume representing the subsurface formation 104.
FIG. 3, on the other hand, depicts moveouts (represented by curves 302, 304, and 306) in a scenario where a velocity model is incorrect. The curves 302, 304, and 306 represent the same events as the corresponding curves 202, 204, and 206 in FIG. 2, except that the velocity model for the FIG. 3 representation is incorrect. With an incorrect velocity model, curvature of a moveout can be caused by some combination of the following effects: dip, opening angle, and incorrect velocity. As a result, in the presence of an incorrect velocity model, a VIP gather can become confusing to interpret.
Because moveouts in a VIP gather can vary as a function of dip, angle, and correctness of a velocity model, it can be difficult to use the VIP gather in tomography or other types of operations.
In accordance with some implementations, VIP gathers can be converted to angle gathers to allow for use in tomography processing or other types of processing. Angle gathers are computationally expensive to derive from acquired seismic data. Therefore, by using techniques according to some implementations, VIP gathers can first be derived, which are relatively computationally efficient. The VIP gathers can then be converted to angle gathers for use in tomography processing or other types of processing.
An angle gather is a collection of seismic experiments at various reflection angles and surface azimuths existing at a particular image location in the subsurface formation. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, a reflector 402 is provided in a subterranean formation, normal to direction 403, and an incoming seismic wave 410 arrives at the reflector 402 along direction 404. The incoming seismic wave is reflected by the reflector 402 to provide a reflected seismic wave 412 along direction 406. As further depicted in FIG. 4, a plane 408 containing the incoming wave direction 404 and reflected wave direction 406 is perpendicular to the reflector 402. The reflection angle is represented by θ in FIG. 4, while a surface azimuth is represented by the rotational angle of the plane 408 with respect to north.
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a process 500 according to some implementations. The process 500 receives (at 502) seismic data acquired by a seismic acquisition system, which can include seismic sources and seismic receivers (or other types of survey sources and survey receivers). The acquired data corresponds to a subsurface formation, such as 104 in FIG. 1, or another target structure. The process 500 forms (at 504) one or more VIP gathers from at least part of the acquired data. The process 500 then converts (at 506) the one or more VIP gathers into one or more angle gathers.
The process 500 can then apply (at 508) processing relating to the subsurface formation or other target structure on the one or more angle gathers. As noted above, such processing can include tomography processing, to produce an image of the subsurface formation or other target structure. In other examples, other types of processing can be applied on the one or more angle gathers, including quality checking of a velocity model, velocity model building or updating, characterization of a reservoir in the subsurface formation, and so forth.
Although the foregoing refers to producing VIP gathers and converting the VIP gathers to angle gathers, it is noted that techniques according to some implementations can be applied to other types of subsets of acquired seismic data. For example, task 504 of the process 500 can produce a first type of one or more subsets of the acquired seismic data. Then, task 506 can convert the first type of subset(s) into a second, different type of one or more subset(s), on which the processing of task 508 can be applied.
The following describes in detail how the conversion from VIP gathers to angle gathers can be performed.
In FIG. 1, the surface image location 106 (which corresponds to the subsurface image location x in FIG. 1) can be represented as i. The offset d=i−s is a two-dimensional quantity in the two horizontal axes (parallel to the surface 102). In addition, the image location x is a three-dimensional quantity in the two horizontal axes and the vertical axis. Consequently, a VIP gather, which depends on x and d and is represented as I(x,d), is a five-dimensional (5D) volume. The stacking of multiple VIP gathers I(x,d), for different d values, to form an overall image I(x) of the subsurface formation, is represented as follows:
I  ( x ) = ∑ d  I  ( x , d ) . ( Eq .  1 )
For a given image location, x, and a given offset, d, as shown in FIG. 1, a source seismic wave from the source s has a source direction. The source direction can be represented as a phase slowness direction of the source seismic wave, as represented by ps. One way to estimate the phase slowness direction is to shoot a ray from x to s, or s to x. Another way to estimate this direction is to propagate a wave from s to x and measure the phase slowness for each time step.
A VIP gather, I(x,d), can be decomposed into a set of separate dip components, as follows:
I(x,d)→I(x,d,n). (Eq. 2)
In Eq. 2, I(x,d,n) represents a dip components as a function of each of x, d, and n, where n represents a normal vector (shown in FIG. 1) that is normal to the dip represented by line 108. Different dip components I(x,d,n) correspond to different values of the normal vector, n. The decomposition should be a partition of unity so that when all (or a plurality of) the dip components are summed together, the original VIP gathers are obtained, as expressed below:
I(x,d)=ΣnI(x,d,n). (Eq. 3)
Once the source direction, ps, and a dip (as represented by the normal vector n) are obtained, the opening angle θ can be estimated. The opening angle θ is the difference between the normal vector, n, and the phase slowness direction, ps, of the source seismic wave.
The VIP gathers include two-dimensional bins of d in that they represent a range of d and thus a range of s. Rays or waves can be traced to obtain the phase direction range for the potential source distances that have been stacked into a bin. Alternatively, an approximate solution can be employed where the central phase direction value in the bin is used. The best choice may depend on the granularity of the binning in d.
With an estimate of the opening angle θ for each point in the image (for each dip and each VIP gather), VIP gathers can be mapped to angle gathers.
From ray tracing or wave propagation, an angle mapping function θ(x,d,n)=ps(x,d,m)−n(x) and the reverse map, d(x,θ,n)=G(x,n,θ,m), can be obtained, where m is the velocity model used for wave propagation. In the foregoing, ps(x,d,m) represents the source direction of the source seismic wave, which is a function of x, d, and m. The parameter n(x) is the normal vector depicted in FIG. 1, and is a function of x. The parameter θ(x,d,n) represents the opening angle depicted in FIG. 1, and is a function of x, d, and n. From the foregoing, it can be seen that the opening angle θ is estimated from ps and n.
The reverse map, d(x,θ,n)=G(x,n,θ,m), is derived based on solving for d in the equation θ(x,d,n)=ps(x,d,m)−n(x).
The angle mapping function θ(x,d,n)=ps(x,d,m)−n(x) provided above is used to map images from d to θ for each dip (represented by n) and image location (x), which performs a mapping between VIP gathers and angle gathers. The mapped images can be summed over dips, represented by Eqs. 4 and 5 below.
I  ( x , n , θ ) = ∫ d  I  ( x , n , d  ( x , θ , n ) ) , ( Eq .  4 ) I  ( x , θ ) = ∑ n  I  ( x , n , θ ) , ( Eq .  5 )
In Eq. 5, I(x,n,θ) represents an image gather for a respective angle value θ, and the summation of the image gathers over multiple dips (represented by n) produces an image of the subterranean formation, I(x,θ).
The foregoing describes a feasible way to transform VIP gathers to angle gathers, where the angle gathers produced are exact versions of the angle gathers given the VIP gathers.
In other implementations, for enhanced computational efficiency, approximate versions of angle gathers can be derived from VIP gathers, as discussed below. For certain applications, approximate versions of angle gathers can still be used to provide useful analyses. With the approximate solution, angles of the angle gathers may not be correct angles.
To produce approximate angle gathers from VIP gathers, an approximate version of the angle mapping function, θ (x,d,n) is used.
According to a first technique, instead of using the full velocity model m in the angle mapping function θ(x,d,n)=ps(x,d,m)−n(x), a one-dimensional (1D) velocity model V(z) is used instead. In such example, the angle mapping function becomes an approximate angle mapping function {circumflex over (θ)}(x,d,n) that is computed using the 1D velocity model V(z). With the 1D velocity model, the conversion process between the VIP gathers and the angle gathers can be computed more quickly. The 1D velocity model V(z) has velocities that vary as a function of just depth z, whereas the full velocity model m has velocities that vary as a function of all three coordinates.
According to a second technique, the source direction, ps, can be approximated, based on the following: {circumflex over (p)}s(x,d)=H(z,d,V(z)), where H(z,d,V(z)) is a function that defines an approximate solution for the source direction ps(x,d) using the 1D velocity model V(z).
Using either approach discussed above, angle gathers that are produced are referred to as pseudo-angle gathers (which are approximate angle gathers), since the angles within the pseudo-angle gathers are approximate angles that may not be correct. Note, however, that even with approximate angles in the pseudo-angle gathers, the pseudo-angle gathers can still be useful in various processes. For example, moveouts can be picked from the pseudo-angle gathers, muting can be applied on the pseudo-angle gathers (to reduce noise, for example), filtering can be applied on the pseudo-angle gathers, stacking can be performed on the pseudo-angle gathers, and so forth.
To perform tomography processing, the pseudo-angle gathers cannot be used directly, since the angles may not be correct. However, a moveout picked from a pseudo-angle gather can be mapped back to the VIP domain (of VIP gathers) for finding a ray pair used for tomography. A ray pair includes a first ray representing a source seismic waveform in the subterranean formation, and a second ray representing a reflected seismic waveform that is a reflection of the source seismic waveform from a reflector in the subterranean formation.
An angle of a pseudo-angle gather can be represented as a pseudo-angle (or approximate angle) {circumflex over (θ)}. From the pseudo-angle gather, a moveout can be picked, where the moveout has a depth z(i,{circumflex over (θ)}), where i is the surface image location 106 shown in FIG. 1. To find the ray pair from the seismic source to the seismic receiver, the following procedure can be used.
The pseudo-angle {circumflex over (θ)} is mapped to d using the inverse mapping, d(x,θ,n)=G(x,n,θ,m) noted above, except that θ is replaced with {circumflex over (θ)}, and the 1D velocity model V(z) is used in place of m. Using the inverse mapping, the source location s=i−d is derived. Then, two-point ray tracing can be used to find a ray from s to x (the image location in the subterranean formation).
Given the dip in the data of the pseudo-angle gather, Snell's law can be solved to find the receiver ray direction (the ray from x to the seismic receiver). The receiver ray is then propagated to the surface 102 (FIG. 1). At this point, the ray pair (ray from s to x, and ray from x to the seismic receiver) to be used for tomography has been identified.
Next, as part of the tomography processing, traveltime differentials along each ray can be calculated and converted to depth differentials for the picked moveout.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example system 600 in which modules according to some implementations can be implemented. The system 600 can be implemented with a computer or multiple computers. The system 600 includes a VIP gather generation module 602 to produce VIP gathers from acquired seismic data as discussed above. Additionally, the system 600 can include a conversion module 604 to convert between VIP gathers and angle gathers, as discussed above.
The VIP gather generation module 602 and conversion module 604 can be implemented as machine-readable instructions that are executable on one or multiple processors 606. A processor can include a microprocessor, microcontroller, processor module or subsystem, programmable integrated circuit, programmable gate array, or another control or computing device.
The processor(s) 606 can be connected to a network interface 608 to allow the system 600 to communicate over a network. In addition, the processor(s) 606 can be connected to a storage medium (or storage media) 610, which can store various types of information, including acquires seismic data 612, VIP gathers 614, and angle gathers 616.
The storage medium (or storage media) 608 can be implemented as one or more computer-readable or machine-readable storage media. The storage media include different forms of memory including semiconductor memory devices such as dynamic or static random access memories (DRAMs or SRAMs), erasable and programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), electrically erasable and programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs) and flash memories; magnetic disks such as fixed, floppy and removable disks; other magnetic media including tape; optical media such as compact disks (CDs) or digital video disks (DVDs); or other types of storage devices. Note that the instructions discussed above can be provided on one computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium, or alternatively, can be provided on multiple computer-readable or machine-readable storage media distributed in a large system having possibly plural nodes. Such computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium or media is (are) considered to be part of an article (or article of manufacture). An article or article of manufacture can refer to any manufactured single component or multiple components. The storage medium or media can be located either in the machine running the machine-readable instructions, or located at a remote site from which machine-readable instructions can be downloaded over a network for execution.
In the foregoing description, numerous details are set forth to provide an understanding of the subject disclosed herein. However, implementations may be practiced without some or all of these details. Other implementations may include modifications and variations from the details discussed above. It is intended that the appended claims cover such modifications and variations.
receiving, by a system comprising a processor, acquired data that corresponds at least in part to a target structure;
forming, by the system, one or more vector image partition (VIP) gathers from at least part of the acquired data, wherein the one or more VIP gathers comprise bins of the acquired data, the bins partitioned based on different values of an offset between a source location of a seismic source and a surface image location, the surface image location on a surface and projected from an image location within the target structure;
converting, by the system, the one or more VIP gathers into one or more angle gathers, the converting comprising mapping the one or more VIP gathers to the one or more angle gathers using a source direction of a source seismic wave; and
performing, by the system, tomography processing using the one or more angle gathers to produce an image relating to the target structure.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the converting comprises converting the one or more VIP gathers into one or more approximate angle gathers.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the converting uses an approximate velocity model.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the converting uses a one-dimensional (1D) velocity model.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the mapping comprises using the approximate velocity model to map the one or more VIP gathers to the one or more angle gathers.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein using the approximate velocity model comprises using the approximate velocity model to compute a source direction of a source seismic wave.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the source direction in the mapping the one or more VIP gathers to the one or more angle gathers includes the computed source direction.
mapping a moveout of the one or more angle gathers to a domain of the one or more VIP gathers.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising performing tomography processing using the mapped moveout.
10. An article comprising at least one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium storing instructions that upon execution cause a system to:
receive acquired data that corresponds at least in part to a subsurface formation;
form one or more vector image partition (VIP) gathers from the acquired data, wherein the one or more VIP gathers comprise bins of the acquired data, the bins partitioned based on different values of an offset between a source location of a seismic source and a surface image location, the surface image location on a surface above the subsurface formation and projected from an image location within the subsurface formation, the image location being a location of a seismic trace in the acquired data;
convert the one or more VIP gathers to one or more angle gathers, the converting comprising mapping the one or more VIP gathers to the one or more angle gathers using a source direction of a source wave; and
perform tomography processing using the one or more angle gathers to produce an image of the subsurface formation.
11. The article of claim 10, wherein the converting uses a velocity model of the subsurface formation that includes velocities as a function of a plurality of coordinates.
12. The article of claim 10, wherein the converting uses a velocity model of the subsurface formation that includes velocities as a function of one coordinate, and wherein the one or more angle gathers are approximate one or more angle gathers, and wherein applying the processing comprises mapping data of the approximate one or more angle gathers to a domain of the one or more VIP gathers.
13. The article of claim 10, wherein the one or more angle gathers are for corresponding different values of an angle between a direction of the source wave and a direction that is normal to a dip.
14. The article of claim 13, wherein the converting comprises:
decomposing a particular one of the one or more VIP gathers into a plurality of dip components for respective dips.
15. The article of claim 14, wherein the converting uses an angle mapping function that maps between the angle and a difference between the direction of the source wave and the direction that is normal to the dip.
at least one processor to: receive acquired data that corresponds at least in part to a target structure; form one or more vector image partition (VIP) gathers from the acquired data, wherein the one or more VIP gathers comprise bins of the acquired data, the bins partitioned based on different values of an offset between a source location of a seismic source and a surface image location, the surface image location on a surface and projected from an image location within the target structure; convert the one or more VIP gathers to one or more angle gathers the converting comprising mapping the one or more VIP gathers to the one or more angle gathers using a source direction of a source seismic wave; and perform tomography processing using the one or more angle gathers to produce an image of the target structure.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the angle gathers are for corresponding different values of an angle between a direction of a source wave and a direction that is normal to a dip.
18. The system of claim 16, wherein the angle gathers are for corresponding different values of an angle between a direction of a source wave and a direction that is normal to a dip.
6035057 March 7, 2000 Hoffman
6233361 May 15, 2001 Downs
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6831591 December 14, 2004 Horibe
8760967 June 24, 2014 Nichols
9726772 August 8, 2017 Zhao
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Communication pursuant to Article 94(3) for the equivalent European patent application 13772899.4 dated Jan. 8, 2016.
Filed: Nov 1, 2012
Assignee: WESTERNGECO L.L.C. (Houston, TX)
Inventors: David Nichols (Palo Alto, CA), Everett Mobley, Jr. (Houston, TX)
Primary Examiner: Isam A Alsomiri
Assistant Examiner: Jonathan D Armstrong
Current U.S. Class: Trainable Classifiers Or Pattern Recognizers (e.g., Adaline, Perceptron) (382/159)
International Classification: G01V 1/00 (20060101); G01V 1/28 (20060101);


text:
Q: multiple select queries using primary and foreign key I am using SQL Server 2012.
I have two tables Sales & Country. Sales has approx. 15 columns one of which is a primary key called s_id, Country has 5 columns and contains a foreign key also called s_id.
I want to write a query which will select only records in the Sales table where the s_id has more than one record in the Country table. Then from the list returned by this query perform another query which should return only rows where the field usd_value > 0 or eur_value > 0. Both usd_value and eur_value are fields in the Sales table.
Below is a brief and simple example which hopefully helps.
 Sales
 s_id       usd_value      eur_value
 MN13       0              5
 MN14       0              0
 MN15       325            125
 MN28       320            0

 Country
 s_id     country
 MN13     NL
 MN13     FR
 MN14     GB
 MN14     US
 MN15     US
 MN28     CA
 MN28     US
 MN28     MX

 Result I would like to see
 s_id     usd_value     eur_value
 MN13     0             5
 MN28     320           0

A: Try this:
select s.*
from sales s
where
(
 s.eur_value > 0
 or
 s.usd_value > 0
)
and s.s_id
in
(
 select s_id
 from country
 group by s_id
 having count(*) > 1
)

A: Try it like this
SELECT
    COUNT(c.[s_id]) Total,
    s.[usd_value],
    s.[eur_value]
FROM Sales s
LEFT JOIN Country c ON c.[s_id] = s.[s_id]
GROUP BY s.[s_id]
HAVING Total > 1
AND (usd_value > 0 OR eur_value > 0)

A: Try this
SELECT S.* FROM
 Sales S JOIN
       (
         SELECT s_id,Count(s_id) From Country Group By s_id Having Count(s_id) > 1
        ) R On S.s_id = R.s_id
Where S.usd_value > 0 Or S.eur_value >0

Fiddle Demo
Output:
S_ID    USD_VALUE   EUR_VALUE
MN13    0           5
MN28    320         0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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