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Mines Staff
Katie Varnadoe: "My dream job is to become a Disney Imagineer."
Civil Engineering Student
Why did you choose to come to Mines? What have you enjoyed most about being here?
I chose to come to Mines for its reputation in the STEM industry, the high percentage of students graduating with job offers and the small campus feel. It's been a great experience to be a part of a close-knit community and to see how much alumni still care about the school after graduating! The career fair is always a great way to see how many people love Mines, whether they're alumni or companies who love Mines students for our work ethic and it always motivates me to work harder to get cool internship experiences. Everyone on campus is a friendly face and even if your classes feel impossible to get through, you can always find a support system to help get you through it.
Tell us about something you're working on right now that you find exciting, fulfilling or challenging?
I'm trying out an online class for the first time which is pretty exciting and challenging! I'm very glad that through my co-op and courses I have learned good time management skills because it's been interesting to see how much you rely on yourself in an online setting. You really have to focus on the course and set hard deadlines to get everything finished on time. It's showed me how an online/in-person class balance can work, and how beneficial it is to have more class options than we did before.
Have you done an internship or co-op or been in a professional job while at Mines? Tell us who you worked for and what you were doing. What stands out?
I just completed a co-op with Walt Disney Imagineering in Orlando, Florida as a project controls specialist intern. I got to work on a new ride coming to Disney's Hollywood Studios, as well as some side projects as needed. I helped with estimating and planning of the attraction, and got to work with some of the most creative minds in the industry! It was amazing to see how engineering backgrounds can be combined with art in a truly STEAM manner and see the results it can create first hand. My co-op meant I could get Mines credit for spending a year at Walt Disney World, and got to network and learn from some of the best mentors a student could ask for.
My bosses and co-workers always answered my questions, gave me new challenges and helped me grow professionally in so many ways and I am so grateful to have gotten that experience. My department, advisor and the Career Center were all so helpful on my journey and continue to help me as I'm transitioning back into classes now as well! Prior to my co-op I also completed an internship with Hensel Phelps, a general contractor whom I got to meet through the career fair at school. It was an amazing experience that allowed me to see what working in construction is like and showed me what it's truly like in the industry I want to be in once I graduate.
My team and project were awesome, and I was so lucky to have been a part of their internship program! Both Hensel Phelps and Disney gave me invaluable experience that has helped me in my education and has helped me grow as an individual. I am so grateful for the opportunities I have been given, and hope that my teams loved me as much as I loved them! I love that Mines gives students the chance to seize opportunities as they come, and really help us succeed along the way.
What communities, groups or organizations, on- and off-campus, are important to you and why?
I love SWE for always empowering women at Mines to succeed and build each other up with events and networking, and ASCE for hosting weekly meetings where industry leaders come and speak. My favorite group on campus would have to be the Career Center, as they have helped me so much already in my time here. The Career Center gave me a job and helped me hone my interview skills and create a resume that stands out to companies I'm interested in. Everyone there is trying to help you succeed and land your dream job! Their interview tips helped me land an internship with Hensel Phelps, one of the best GCs in the nation. Then having Mines and that internship on my resume helped me get to Disney and fulfill my lifelong dream of working there, on a co-op which meant getting college credit while working.
What are your plans for the future? What's your dream job?
My plan is to stay in the construction industry with either a general contractor or go back to Imagineering full time! My dream job was always to work for Disney and become an Imagineer, and I am so grateful that with my resume having Mines on it I was given the opportunity to live my dream and hope to continue it in the future.
What would you tell someone interested in joining your academic program or Mines in general?
I would tell them that Mines is more than a STEM school and that having the work ethic it takes to thrive at Mines can help you no matter what your dream job is. The problem-solving and time-management skills you learn are invaluable and will help you so much in the real world! Everyone on campus wants you to succeed, and the support of faculty and staff really makes a difference in getting through tough courses and prepares you for life after college.
What's your favorite thing to do outside of class and coursework? How do you unwind, manage stress, find fulfillment, etc.?
My favorite thing to do outside of class or coursework is to find new books to read. I also love to spend time with my two pups, Trixie and Sparky, and frequently cook or bake vegan desserts!
Tell us something about you that most people would be surprised to learn?
I love theme parks, but am terrified of Ferris wheels. They freak me out!
Humans of Mines
communications@mines.edu
Kamini Singha: "I love that our faculty care deeply about teaching and are also research powerhouses, and that our students are such broadly brilliant humans.
Bora Basyildiz: "The amount of internships, networking sessions and connections Mines offers, gives students the ability to immediately translate their academic skills into industry experience."
Alaina Clar: "I plan to start my own company and pay it forward by making sports more accessible to people with hearing loss by manufacturing protective equipment for hearing devices."


Pick up a new, top quality, mid-sized, binocular—one with objective lenses of 30 to 32 millimeters—and you're bound to be impressed. For starters, you need only one hand, because it's lighter, thinner, and a lot shorter than its 42mm big brother. It's not just easier to carry—it's easier to handle, as well. And because it will fit in your purse, coat pocket, or glove compartment, you're more likely to always have it with you.
It's got the desirable features of contemporary full-sized binoculars: rugged construction, neatly adjustable eye cups, rubberized armoring, waterproofing, close-focus, and antireflective coatings. And it seems just as bright and sharp, too. Now look at the price tag. It's cheaper than the big guy.
So why not just forget about full-sized binoculars and buy a pair of mid-sized? Seems like you have nothing to lose but some of the weight around your neck. But what's the catch? Will a mid-sized binocular fail to serve you as well as a full-sized one?
How much these sacrifices will cost you depends on who you are—most especially how old you are and whether or not you wear glasses.
Let's consider (2) How the Human Eye Ages.
Then we'll go into the (3) Eye Relief issue with mid-sized binoculars.
And then we'll (4) Review each mid-sized binocular from our 2005 survey for Bird Watcher's Digest.


Introducing technology in the classroom is no easy feat. From training, to adopting new methods of teaching, reporting and evaluating, it can sometimes feel like you are stepping into the lion's den, but with a few simple steps, you can learn how to manage!
Technology in the classroom can be time-consuming. Remember to start slow. There is no rush – technology is not going anywhere and is constantly improving! Develop your process and deepen your own understanding of the tools you would like to use. Play with them in your own time, even if it's just 20 minutes of an evening. Create test classrooms, assignments and announcements. Chances are your students will pick up the technology quicker than you! Focus on yourself first and give yourself time to adapt and grow.
There can sometimes be a lack of access to devices such as Ipads needed in the classroom for technology. After working with many teachers, we found they find it useful to devise a schedule for tablets and laptops. This helps plan who will use them at what times so that everyone gets their fair share. Some of our teachers have even applied for funding to get these devices into their schools!
A lack of knowledge is a big hindrance for some teachers, because they feel incapable of implementing technology when they know so little about it. However, do not panic! Arrange training days, join online user groups, for example we have a Sharepoint User Group, watch YouTube videos (we have some to watch to start you off), learn from teachers who are already implementing technology in the classroom (social media is a great way to do this) and pick their brains! You could even have training days where the students get an opportunity to teach, because as mentioned previously, children can find it easier to adapt to technology quickly. This is a great way to get everyone involved.
Managing the use of technology in schools is a completely new concept. Knowing how to incorporate it into the classroom can be confusing. Make sure you attend conferences like ISTE and network with people who have made some progress. Kara Dawson, a teacher at SD71 has made a fantastic blog on her technology journey – Kara's Corner at Learn71. It has lots of tips and tricks to take a look at! You can also always share ideas through social media like Twitter. Searching hashtags such as #edtech and #teachers will help you find out what other districts are doing.
Getting everybody on board can be very difficult – everyone has different perceptions about how learning should be handled. Make sure you create a shared vision. Don't just see this as a personal endeavour, but a community creating the future for a large group of people. Have meetings, discuss your ideas with other staff members at lunch, create discussion groups if you have online portals, get excited about the possibilities! Be prepared that not everyone will share your views, and take the time to encourage them that technology really can be your best friend!
The other bump in the road can be the change in the ways students are assessed. In the past, students have been trained to pass exams. With technology for classrooms, a more formative assessment process can finally take place, which is really great! Make sure you use online portfolios with rubrics attached to them to keep track of what you have been doing, and discover expression through digital tools like blogs (perfect for student reflection) and videos.
There are many different types of technology for classrooms! Before you choose which is best suited to your needs: look at the different options, talk to other teachers and form a plan of how you might use each tool in your classroom, for example what tools will you use for different ages or how much of your lesson time do you want spent using technology? There are many benefits of technology in schools and for many teachers, it makes their learning journeys that little bit easier to manage! Give it a try!
To learn more about our solution at Scholantis, visit our website.


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Why Was Young Dolph Murdered? Here's the Latest (Updated)
The scene on Wednesday (November 17th) in Memphis, TN, where Young Dolph was confirmed murdered.
Adolph Robert Thornton, Jr. — aka Young Dolph — was murdered on Wednesday, November 17th while buying cookies in Memphis, TN. Here's what we know so far about the suspects and possible motives for the killing.
It's now confirmed: rapper Young Dolph was killed on Wednesday afternoon (November 17th) in Memphis, TN, at a local cookie shop. The death was confirmed by the Memphis Police Department, first responders, and witnesses at the scene. The rapper sustained a flurry of bullets after stepping out of his vehicle to purchase cookies.
Breaking update — November 19th: Since Young Dolph's killing, footage of two gunmen has emerged (see below). Additionally, we've also learned that Soulja Boy is possibly connected to the murder, based on a $100,000 bounty he offered just prior to Dolph's murder. Soulja Boy was removed from the Millennium Tour based on concerns about violence (more details below).
The gun-down occurred at Makeda's Homemade Butter Cookies, a place the rapper frequented. The murder occurred either immediately outside of the establishment or inside the store. According to the store's owner, Young Dolph was approached by a vehicle while entering the establishment. A hail of bullets assailed the rapper, and he was pronounced dead shortly thereafter.
Young Dolph was a beloved Memphis celebrity who was planning to deliver Thanksgiving turkeys to lower-income residents in the community. According to one account of his itinerary, the rapper was planning to attend the Thanksgiving charity event immediately after visiting Makeda's.
Unfortunately for Young Dolph — who real name is Adoph Robert Thornton, Jr. — the rapper is easy to spot. Thornton pulled up to the store in his flashy black Corvette, which remained at the crime scene as evidence. Young Dolph also wears bulky and flashy jewelry around his neck and wrists, and often attracts a small crowd. He's high-profile and hard to miss.
Dolph was 36 and leaves behind a son and a daughter. He released seven studio albums, including his debut, King of Memphis.
Just after the murder, Memphis mayor Jim Strickland shared his condolences while condemning the violence on Twitter. He also specified that a search for the suspect(s) is underway.
"The tragic shooting death of rap artist Young Dolph serves as another reminder of the pain that violent crime brings with it," Strickland shared. "My thoughts and prayers are with his family and friends."
So why was Young Dolph murdered?
Nearly 48 hours after the killing, the identity of the gunmen remains unknown. Police haven't disclosed any information on a possible motive, either. But Young Dolph has been the target of multiple assassination attempts in the past, suggesting some serious ongoing beef.
Back in 2017, Young Dolph barely survived a brazen murder attempt in Los Angeles. While shopping for shoes in broad daylight in Hollywood, the rapper faced a hail of bullets — some of which stuck him. Young Dolph required surgery and medical attention afterwards, and narrowly escaped death.
The LAPD offered no clues or information on what prompted that attack, though a vehicle was left behind at the scene. One suspect detained in that murder attempt was released.
Earlier in 2017, Dolph was also attacked in Charlotte, NC, in a coordinated assault. The rapper's SUV was reportedly the target of a flurry of bullets, though Young Dolph survived. Immediately following that attempt, rival rapper Blac Youngsta was arrested but ultimately released after questioning.
While alive, the rapper blamed the assassination attempts on jealousy. Dolph was not only flashy and successful, but also assumed a cocky and brash demeanor. That explanation sounds partly plausible, though not enough to draw multiple, well-coordinated assassination attempts.
Around the time of the earlier murder attempts, the rapper upgraded his vehicles to include bulletproof paneling. It's unclear if Young Dolph's black Corvette was bulletproofed, though assailants may have strategized accordingly and targeted the rapper outside of his vehicle.
Who killed Young Dolph?
Two masked gunmen were caught on surveillance cameras murdering Young Dolph directly outside of Makeda's Homemade Butter Cookies in Memphis, TN. They pulled up in a white two-door Mercedes. But the identities of the gunmen remain unknown at this time.
The Memphis Police Department is actively pursuing the case, but no suspects have been named. Here are still images from the footage that has emerged.
Soulja Boy has also become a person of interest.
Immediately prior to Dolph's assassination, Soulja Boy claimed that 'he'd put a $100,000 bounty on Dolph's head' for information about his rival's whereabouts. Whether that bounty was mere internet posturing is unclear at this stage.
"I bet $100,000 this n—a won't give me an address how about that," Soulja Boy boasted on social media. "Look, I got $100k cash. Look, DM the address, and you can have all this in my hand, how about that."
In response to Young Dolph's murder, the Millennium Tour has removed Soulja Boy from its lineup to prevent any violence.
"The safety and welfare of our patrons are the first and foremost priority," Millennium Tour coordinators stated. "We pride ourselves on bringing high-quality concert experiences to our patrons. In times like this, we will stop at nothing to ensure that everyone that participates in these experiences is healthy, safe, and quite frankly having a good time."
It's unclear how long the ban will last, though Soulja Boy quickly denied any connection to the murder. "I'm still getting paid," Soulja Boy blasted. "What does him dying got to do with me? I'm trying to see my fans."
More details as they emerge.
Robbie Bachman, Drummer for Bachman-Turner Overdrive, has Died – Age 69
Lisa Marie Presley, Only Child of Elvis, Dies at Age 54
Legendary Rock Guitarist Jeff Beck Has Died, Age 78
Cruck Fap November 21, 2021
This is the kind of crap that makes Trumpers feel justified. Talk about Kyle Rittenhouse getting off with murder. Soulja Boy OPENLY puts a bounty on this rapper's head, he ends up getting killed, and Soulja Boy is not in jail?
This music genre is by criminals and about crime. Acting like it's a mystery for why so MANY end up dead is not rocket science. I do hope the punks that did this end up receiving the same. They deserve it entirely. Only problem is some innocent will prob end up dead. Also, women love these idiots. The ole dangerous BF. Ridiculous'y base culture.
Red Barber November 22, 2021
Please describe your murder allegations? The other idiot had a gun pointed at Kyle!
Second son December 1, 2021
What? He offered 100k to anyone who could get him Dolphs address. That's why he isn't in jail lol. The article literally says that and you came up with your own narrative lmao.
Joe Biden November 21, 2021
Who cares? He was a thug. Good riddance.
That One Guy November 22, 2021
So, why was he killed? For being an asshole? I'd have been dead a long time ago. Somebody probably didn't like his style.
Rap is the only musical genre, after all, where the "musicians" will literally kill each other, literally over stylistic differences.
Dontt Trypp November 23, 2021
Sad but it's the lifestyle we live, I liked the guy music but didn't know him personally nor have seen in real life but nobody deserves to be murdered without justification, STOP THE VIOLENCE WITH BLACK ON BLACK CRIME!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A columnist of the tabloid Remate was gunned down by motorcycle-riding killers in Milagros town, Masbate Monday morning, media reported. News reports said Joaquin Briones was shot four times in the back along Bombon Bridge, Sitio Feeder Road in Barangay Bacolod around 8:45 a.m. Briones was also popularly known as "Dos por Dos," for the local radio program he used to host. He also used to publish the Masbate Tribune. Known as a hard-hitting journalist, Briones was convicted in 2000 to more than 12 years in jail for libel and was granted parole after serving almost half his sentence in 2005, records of the National Union of Journalists show.
He was the third Masbate journalist murdered since 2003 when Nelson Nedura was killed December 2 that year and Antonio Castillo was murdered on June 12, 2009. Jun Briones is the second journalist killed under the Duterte administration both of whom are from the Bicol Region. Larry Que, publisher of local paper Catanduanes News Now, was shot by an unidentified gunman December 20, 2016.


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Dripping Springs est une ville située au centre-est du comté de Hays  au Texas, aux États-Unis.

Démographie
Lors du recensement de 2010, la ville comptait une population de . Elle est estimée, en 2018, à . En 2020, la population est estimée lors du recensement est de 4 650 habitants.

Références

Voir aussi

Article connexe
 Texas

Liens externes

 .
 .
 .

City au Texas
Comté de Hays
Communauté internationale de ciel étoilé aux États-Unis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


06-12-2018 Blog: Xceedance Turns Five – Re-living the Journey and Crafting the Future!
Xceedance Turns Five – Re-living the Journey and Crafting the Future!
We are at the brink of widespread adoption of intelligent technologies such as robotic process automation, artificial intelligence and machine learning across the insurance industry. And I am confident Xceedance will act as a strategic partner – an operational, technology, and analytics expert – for diverse insurance organizations worldwide, helping them transform traditional operating models and tackle digital disruption.
Increasingly, insurers today need their partners to provide strategic support for core operations. The real value of such synergies is self-evident. If you think about it, once underwriters are liberated from manual, repetitive tasks, their profound knowledge and experience can be leveraged to make software-augmented risk assessment even smarter. This way insurance companies can harness knowledge to develop systems that can help them propel growth rapidly, which would have been unimaginable in the past.
Xceedance is focused on amalgamating insurance expertise and intelligent technologies to create efficiencies that insurance organizations need to flourish in a turbulent market environment, marked by growing policy holder expectations and regulatory uncertainty. Our strategic operations support (SOS) empowers insurers to divert time and resources towards core functions, including underwriting, sales, and policyholder service.
But this model of strategic consulting and managed services was not developed overnight.
Those who believe great people make great companies have obviously never been part of great teams. I was fortunate to have closely witnessed the journey and evolution of team Xceedance from day one. The boardroom view, which I still haven't fully assimilated myself, was a distant reality in those days. It was about getting our hands dirty and I loved every minute of it, eventful as it was. People asked us during interviews, "What makes Xceedance different from other managed services providers?" to which I always replied, "Our focus on harnessing our insurance knowledge." After all, we had more than 40 years of insurance experience in the core team from the day we started our operations. We live by that statement even today and will relentlessly continue to do so.
Another great feature of this team was patience and the realization that rapid growth did not mean unalloyed triumph. Our growth story has been centered on delivering impeccable value to our clients, enhancing our industry knowledge, and keeping a firm check on our expenses. We do not believe in sacrificing profitability to drive exponential growth. I am immensely proud of our completely boot-strapped growth trajectory with exceptional revenue growth every year. We look forward to continuing this momentum through our recent investment in two pioneering companies – ChainThat and Harbor Hill Solutions – which are taking giant leaps in insurtech.
Just like the success in the last five years fueled by our unwavering focus, hard work, and diligence, the next five years will be driven by the same core values. The only difference will be our approach. The focal point of our strategy will be around designing groundbreaking target operating models for all client engagements.
Profitable insurance operations are a result of cross-functional efficiencies created by a customized, well-calculated overhaul of processes, systems, and practices. As a trusted partner, Xceedance will employ a comprehensive and scientific methodology to help re/insurers achieve this feat. We will focus on identifying and solving bottlenecks across the insurance value chain. Our approach will leverage a combination of digital transformation, data sciences, process re-engineering, and domain knowledge to enable seamless and productive insurance operations for our clients.
Today, while I celebrate the success of the last five years with all my teammates at Xceedance, I can't wait for the second leg of this journey to start, as we set new benchmarks for excellence in insurance consulting and managed services.


After binge watching MRE videos on YouTube, I made the crazy decision to purchase MREs.
At first, I wanted to buy local Malaysian MREs, but after consulting my Police friend (you know who you are hehehe), I've decided against it.
So I imported Chinese Ration MRE from TaoBao.
It even came with a multipurpose knife.
Watch my unboxing/taste testing video here.
Needless to say, a nice and delicious experience.
My two cents, I think this Chinese Ration is either a 2 person pack or it can last you for 2 meals.
We finished ours during dinner.


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Neutrality said to leave Finland and Sweden weak in future Europe
The approaching NATO membership of Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary will change the basic structure of European geopolitics in a way that will force Finland and Sweden to re-evaluate their traditional neutrality.
This is the conclusion of the highly-esteemed Finnish foreign policy expert and historian Max Jakobson in a report commissioned by the Swedish Ministry of Defence. In his summary of the analysis, published by the Finnish national daily Helsingin Sanomat (22 November 1998), Jakobson says that once the Poles, the Czechs and the Hungarians have established themselves as participants in the decision-making organs of NATO – while simultaneously maintaining reasonable relations with Russia – the Finns and the Swedes will become worried about remaining outside the security organisation.
Jakobson notes that many people think that the current Russian crisis does not make it necessary to re-evaluate the Finnish and Swedish neutrality. Russia being weak, there is no military threat in sight and Russia's security risks are to be found in the South.
The relieved politician, according to Jakobson, draws the conclusion that since there is no threat, there is no need for military alliance. On the contrary, replies the historian, a military alliance could not be better timed.
In Jakobson' view this is a primitive way of conducting a debate. He emphasises the need to analyse Finnish and Swedish neutrality in a wider European context. In the current, stable situation neutrality has many advantages, Jakobson concedes. It guarantees good relations with Russia and keeps Germany happy. The Finnish and Swedish governments also claim that their current foreign policies serve the interests of stability in Northern Europe as a whole. Jakobson interprets this to mean that joining NATO would harm the relations with Russia and could provoke Moscow to put pressure against the Baltic countries.
According to Jakobson, however, one should not over-estimate the Finnish and Swedish capacity to influence Russian attitude to the Baltic countries.
"Russian policies in the Baltic represent historical continuity rather than tactical calculations in the current situation. Russia aspires to the position of a great power whether or not Finland and Sweden join NATO.
"Of course, the Finnish and Swedish governments will carefully evaluate the consequences on the neighbouring countries of their security decisions. However, I think it is unwise to tie these decisions to the possible reactions of other states since we have no way to influence them. This would only lead to a situation where Finland and Sweden would become pawns of relations between Russia and the Baltic countries.
"If we presume that Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in the foreseeable future will not be able to become members of NATO, Finland and Sweden may be stuck in a sub-area of European security system which excludes the United States. Our countries would be partly responsible for the future of the Baltic countries without the support of NATO.
"If we furthermore assume that the United States through NATO will continue to be the guarantor of European security, neutrality for Finland and Sweden would mean that they remained second-class players when decisions on European security are being made. They would have a place neither inside NATO nor in the NATO-Russia Permanent Joint Council."
Finland accused of toeing NATO line in nuclear disarmament (6 August 1999)
Blair assures Finland of role for non-aligned countries (February 1999)
European federalism opposed by the Nordic left by Hannu Reime (December 1998)
Finland's role in Europe subjected to 'realist' analysis, book review by Hannu Reime (November 1998)
Index of back issues
The in London


Valokuvakeskus Peri on vuonna 1987 perustettu, kaikille avoin valokuvataiteen kohtaamispaikka. Valokuvakeskus Peri ry:n tarkoituksena on edistää ja tehdä tunnetuksi valokuvausta taiteellisen ilmaisun muotona sekä toimia valokuvaajien ja kaikkien valokuvataiteesta kiinnostuneiden henkilöiden yhdyssiteenä. Yhdistyksen jäsenistössä on noin 130 valokuvan ammattilaista, tutkijaa ja harrastajaa. Valokuvakeskus Perin löydät osoitteesta Eerikinkatu 2, Turku (23.5–29.5.2016).
Water Filter W10295370 80% of human body is composed of water. Water is very important. Water filter W10295370 is your first choice.
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It can reduce chlorine and provide a good source of water. Water Filter 4396841 When the refrigerator is used for a long time it will breed a lot of bacteria. And then you need to change the water filter. The water filter 4396841 can be effectively filtered out. It's the first choice to keep healthy.
Myyntipisteessämme tarjoamme Tukholman Supermarkettaidemessuillakin huhtikuussa esillä olleita taideteosten oheistuotteita. Laadukkaisiin posliinimukeihin ja Chromaluxe-magneetteihin on painettu Perin jäsenten valokuvateoksia. Myynnissä myös jäsenten julkaisuja. Myyntituotot käytetään valokuvakeskus Perin toiminnan hyväksi.


The first thing I made with my cacao was hot chocolate. Adding water and a little honey, it blew my mind. The theobromine in it simply leaves you energised and dynamic.
It was not long before I started making liqueurs and chocolates… there is no doubt, chocolate really does spread happiness and love!


This study examines the changing conditions at high elevation alpine treeline ecotones (ATEs) in the southern Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Canada. Using age reconstructions from core and disc samples removed from trees at ATEs throughout the Kananaskis Valley of Alberta, we were able to identify statistically significant correlations between warming winter temperatures and seedling establishment at elevations beyond the present treeline. Further, we were able to identify multi-phase patterns of upslope treeline encroachment, suggesting climate as a key driver of initial seedling establishment beyond modern treeline elevations succeeded by a secondary process of forest density infilling largely controlled by the availability of local viable seed sources and the alterations of local microclimates that promote heightened seedling establishment. The results suggest that ongoing anthropogenic climate warming will continue to drive the upslope encroachment of ATEs in Kananaskis Country, Alberta.


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Jackie Peile is an occupational therapist. During her study she developed the reboot methodology which she often uses to assist her patients reset (reboot) in order to get the improvements desired. Jacky prefers to teach her clients the reasons why the occupational therapy activities are working so that they can understand how to adapt these new abilities to each different experience in their life ahead. Jacky approaches her clients with a healthy curiosity about what is making the clients life tricky, and is interested in the clients (child or adult) thoughts about the challenge and how it could be overcome.
Neurology, Cardiology, Trauma, Orthopaedics, Age Care, Rehabilitation, Respiratory, Oncology and out patients.


Retail groups and two of the nation's best-known ATM networks announced that they have formed a new coalition intended to improve the security of the U.S. electronic payments system.
The National Retail Federation, other retail groups and two of the nation's best-known ATM networks announced that they have formed a new coalition intended to improve the security of the U.S. electronic payments system ranging from credit and debit cards to emerging technology.
Initial members of the Secure Payments Partnership include NRF, the Food Marketing Institute, the National Association of Convenience Stores, the National Grocers Association, First Data's Star Network and the Shazam network. The coalition marks the first time that companies from the financial services industry have joined retailers' efforts to improve payments security.
SPP was formed to help guide the nation toward a faster and more secure payments system. The United States currently lags behind the rest of the world in card payment security, largely because Visa and MasterCard control security standards without sufficient input from competing card networks, merchants, consumers and financial institutions. NRF and SPP believe all parties involved in the payments system must work together to achieve successful payment security, increase transparency and limit fraud.
The group will emphasize several priority areas including stronger user authentication, open standards setting, payment security innovation and network routing competition.
The coalition will also focus on consumer expectations for security, convenience and flexibility in payment options, especially as technology evolves. In recent years, many new technologies have been introduced to increase security including mobile payments, biometrics (such as fingerprints, facial recognition and iris scanning), the use of artificial intelligence, geolocation and IP verification. SPP looks to harness those and other technologies to benefit all users.
NRF has led the retail industry's efforts to improve credit and debit card and other payments security for years. Among other issues, NRF has demanded that the card industry enable the use of personal identification numbers with new EMV chip cards, saying the chips alone are not sufficient to prove that a person using a card is the legitimate cardholder.


Vote on mark_B as a helpful ChristiaNet blogger by clicking this link. Currently mark_B has 4 votes. The higher the number of votes the more helpful this blogger is considered by the ChristiaNet community.
I was reading the bible yesterday and i came upon this interesting verse..
"9For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though he was rich, yet for your sakes he became poor, so that you through his poverty might become rich." thats NIV, NASB says basically the same thing. The word rich in greek, means an outward richess not inward riches of our soul. Interesting but please take it in context w/ all the other money verses.
legalism is like cows living inside a fence...basically the old covanent...if you cross over the fence you are bad and sinner and disobeying God.
New covenant or walking with/by spirit, God takes your hand and walks you around places, you dont have to choose to take his hand. The only thing under new covenant disobeying could be different to different people.
Ummm, ummmm, excuse me, my name used to be Donna, but I am many marks on the blogs. I probably have a crush on a mark or that's the name of my new hopeful mate.
Mark, mark, all I can think about is Mark, he is the love hopeful prince I hope to snag and reel in. No catch and release for me, I'm going to hang on this time.


My short story 'Cascade' was written in March 2014, mostly in the course of a single day. However, the opening paragraph had been sitting on my hard drive for several years, words and images without a context, waiting for a story to arrive. 'Cascade' is the story of a man who wishes to disconnect in a future dominated by intrusive new media technologies. It was published in Litro 134: Augmented Reality. Litro Magazine also very kindly recorded it as a podcast, read superbly by actor Greg Page. You can listen to the podcast here: 'Cascade'.
Kids Come Looking. Kids Come Back.
In December 2013, Litro Magazine ran a special 'dystopia' issue. My story 'Kids Come Looking. Kids Come Back' was included as part of Litro's online offering, '10 Days of Dystopia', which felt rather like a dark advent calendar of tales in the first weeks of December. 'Kids Come Looking. Kids Come Back' is a post-apocalyptic tale of survival. I got some really good reactions to it when it went live. Litro have subsequently included it in their anthology 'Transatlantic' which can be purchased as an eBook in the USA. You can read the story here: Kids Come Looking. Kids Come Back.


Yeoman, Indiana is the 17,728th largest city in the United States as of 2017.
Yeoman, Indiana is a town.
Yeoman, Indiana is currently 2.2% smaller than it was in 2010, the year of its peak recorded population.
Yeoman, Indiana is growing extremely quickly. It is growing faster than 99% of similarly sized cities since 2000.


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Contract: the processing is necessary for a contract we have with an individual, or because they have asked us to take specific steps before entering into a contract.
Here is a document of all the ways that we may use your personal data, and which of the reasons we rely on to do so.
Organisations that we introduce you to.
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A list of directors is available for inspection at our office.


text:
Jefferson's Welsh-American Interior
by James W Thomas
Of all the Welsh-American presidents, Thomas Jefferson is the most famous – if he is actually Welsh.
Traditionally, he is listed as such on his own recollection of family history, although he never followed through with proof. But he believed himself part Welsh and that did lead to one investigation, a minor charge to the Lewis and Clark Expedition, to find the Welsh-speaking Indians, the descendants of medieval sea-faring Prince Madog of Gwynedd, Wales.
Born 275 years ago on 13 April 1743, in Shadwell, Virginia, Thomas was the son of Jane Randolph and Peter Jefferson. His Autobiography states, "The tradition in my father's family was that their ancestor came to this country from Wales, and from near the mountain of Snowden, the highest in Gr. Br….I have found it in our early records." Unfortunately, those records, whatever they were, do not survive. His grandfather did own an estate named "Snowden" on the James River but it was in Virginia, not Gwynedd.
Years later, Thomas Jefferson, as third president of the United States, wanted to buy New Orleans from Napoleon, but got a better offer from the French – the 1803 Louisiana Purchase – that doubled the size of the US. To establish it for westward expansion, he sent the [Meriwether] Lewis and [William] Clark Expedition from St. Louis to the Pacific Ocean and back. Among their geographic and scientific charges, a minor task was the search for the Welsh Indians.
In an 1804 letter to Freemason and Welsh-American Meriwether Lewis, Jefferson wrote, "I inclosed [sic] you the map of a Mr. Evans, a Welshman, employed by the Spanish government for that purpose, but whose original object I believe had been to go in search of the Welsh Indians, said to be up the Missouri."
"Mr. Evans" was John Thomas Evans from Waunfawr – near Snowden. In 1792 he sailed to America, inspired by the medieval story of Madog's Voyage. This prince, reputed son of the historical Owain Gwynedd, took ship in 1170 to flee the family wars at home, crossed the Atlantic, and, along the way, discovered America, landing at… well, Mobile, Alabama, is a popular choice. His descendants allegedly intermarried with the locals and passed on their native language – Welsh.
Mr. Evans headed off to discover Madog's supposed successors, the Mandan, a Great Plains tribe living on the upper Missouri River. From St. Louis, Evans headed up the Missouri to what is now North Dakota where he found no Welsh-speaking Indians, but he did produce a good map of his travels upriver. In 1797 he wrote to a Dr. Samuel Jones, "Thus having explored and charted the Missurie [sic]… I am able to inform you that there is no such People as the Welsh Indians." Lewis and Clark carried a copy of Evans' map but they found no Welsh speakers in Dakota territory either. But there are descendants…of a sort.
Recently, a distant relative followed in the footsteps of John Evans in a 2012 concert tour across America, looking for the mythical Indians. He didn't find them, either, but traveling the conceptual route led to the creation of a rock album, an app, a film, and a book, American Interior, in 2014. That relative, Gruffydd Maredudd Bowen Rhys from Bethesda, near Snowden, is better known as Gruff Rhys, lead singer and songwriter for the Welsh-singing band Super Furry Animals.
American Interior is "the quixotic journey of John Evans, his search for a lost tribe and how, fueled by fantasy and (possibly) booze, he accidentally annexed a third of North America." These journeys explore "how wild fantasies interact with hard history and how myth-making can inspire humans to partake in crazy, vain pursuits of glory, including exploration, war and the creative arts."
Thomas Jefferson, John Evans, and Gruff Rhys – all somehow from Snowden – looked for their Welsh ancestry, to find the facts behind the myth. They found their versions of America's interior, with maps and myth, and, finally, music.
John EvansLewis and Clark ExpeditionMandan IndiansMeriwether LewisPrince MadogThomas JeffersonWelsh-speaking IndiansWilliam Clark
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When one of your side's key player misses a weeks' worth of training, and a match against one of the league's top sides, fans may feel frustrated at the misfortune. However, supporters of VVV-Venlo in the Dutch Eredivisie were universal in not just accepting, but praising the absence of forward Lennart Thy for their side's game against PSV Eindhoven back in March. The reason? Thy's withdrawal from training and the matchday squad could have had life-saving implications.
While playing for Werder Bremen in the German Bundesliga seven years prior, the German forward donated his DNA as part of a way of potentially helping a leukaemia patient in the future. Fast-forward to 2018, and with Thy now playing for VVV-Venlo, the forward's DNA was shown to be a match for someone battling leukaemia – and the player decided to donate blood to make a stem cell transplant possible.
The forward's humbling altruism has seen him honoured with the 2018 FIFA Fair Play Award.


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Investors seeking real returns above cash through the market cycle (typically 7 year periods) but also require capital preservation and downside protection over the shorter term (typically 1 year periods). This Fund is suitable to investors with a medium- to long-term investment horizon and is Regulation 28 compliant.
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These portfolios typically have moderate equity exposure or in the case of bond funds, longer duration bond exposure, resulting in some capital volatility over the shorter term. They are managed in such a manner that the probability of capital losses over one year periods is unlikely. These portfolios typically target returns in the region of 3% - 4% above inflation over the long term.


Do you desire for your children to have a greater understanding of God's word? Through the Bible with My Child (available on Amazon, here) helps parents teach their children God's word. This book provides a method and a plan: a method to teach the Bible to young children, and a plan to cover the Bible in four school years. Supplemented with memorization recommendations, daily review questions, writing pages, blank maps, and tests, Through the Bible with My Child offers a complete introduction to the Bible for elementary age children. To order the book, click here.


text:
Relax Amazon investors, Jeff and MacKenzie Bezos' divorce shouldn't shift the share price
The first question on people's minds when the world's richest man announces his divorce on Twitter …
Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, rated the world's wealthiest person, announced on Wednesday on Twitter that he and his wife Mackenzie Bezos were divorcing after a long separation.Jorg Carstensen/AFP/Getty Images
Jonathan Stempel and Jeffrey Dastin
Amazon.com Inc founder and Chief Executive Jeff Bezos, the world's richest man, and wife MacKenzie Bezos are divorcing after 25 years of marriage, the couple said on Twitter on Wednesday.
Jeff Bezos, 54, has a fortune that has soared as high as US$160 billion thanks to his stake in Amazon, which again became Wall Street's most valuable company this week, surpassing Microsoft Inc.
Bezos has credited MacKenzie, 48, for her support when he uprooted the young couple from New York to Seattle so he could launch the online bookseller that grew into one of the world's largest retailers. MacKenzie, a Princeton graduate who is now a novelist, did accounting for Amazon for its first year after it was founded in 1994.
The couple decided to divorce after a long period of "loving exploration" and trial separation, and expect to continue as partners in ventures and projects, according to the joint statement.
pic.twitter.com/Gb10BDb0x0
— Jeff Bezos (@JeffBezos) January 9, 2019
Amazon shares were up 0.2 per cent in midday trading on Wednesday. The divorce should have no material impact on the company and its shares, said Thomas Forte, an analyst at DA Davidson & Co.
According to Refinitiv Eikon data, MacKenzie does not hold any Amazon shares directly. Bezos has a 16.1 per cent stake in the company worth about US$130 billion.
Amazon emerges as most valuable US firm amid market turmoil
These are the world's biggest billionaire winners and losers of the year
Amazon promises 600 tech jobs for Toronto and 600 jobs for Edmonton at new fulfilment centre
Liat Sadler, a San Francisco matrimonial lawyer, noted that spouses owe a fiduciary duty to one another.
"They have duties not to waste or devalue marital resources, and to keep the value of marital property as high as possible," she said. "I don't think there is an issue of concern for shareholders as to what will happen to Amazon because of the divorce."
Jeff Bezos, Amazon.com Inc. CEO, and his wife MacKenzie Bezos, at the 28th annual Allen & Co. Media and Technology Conference in Sun Valley, Idaho, in 2010. Matthew Staver/Bloomberg
Sadler said the main options facing the couple regarding Amazon stock were for Jeff Bezos to buy out his wife or for MacKenzie Bezos to retain shares.
"If she trusts that he would manage Amazon well, either he should pay her for her share of the stock, or they could enter a more complicated agreement where she keeps stock and he keeps voting rights," she said.
It is unlikely that many details of the divorce will become public, New York lawyer Bernard Clair, who is representing Judith Giuliani in her divorce from former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani, said. "These two have been separated for a not insignificant time, and I would assume … they would have used the time to reach a private, confidential agreement," Clair said.
Reuters was unable to determine any further financial details of the planned divorce. Amazon did not immediately return requests for comment about the status of the Bezos ownership stake or what impact the divorce might have on the company.
MacKenzie Bezos met her husband when interviewing for a job at a New York hedge fund, according to a 2013 profile in Vogue. The two were engaged after three months of dating and married three months after that, according to the magazine. The pair have four children.
Speaking at an event in Berlin last April, Jeff Bezos said MacKenzie's support was instrumental when he founded Amazon.
"When you have loving and supportive people in your life, like MacKenzie, my parents, my grandfather, my grandmother, you end up being able to take risks," he said at the event.
Jeff Bezos in September committed US$2 billion through the Bezos Day One Fund to helping homeless families and starting pre-schools for low-income communities. He had solicited ideas on Twitter in 2017 for ways to donate some of his wealth.
Last January, the couple donated $33 million to fund college scholarships for U.S. high schoolers with Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) status, an Obama-era program protecting young immigrants brought to the United States illegally by their parents.
In 2012, they donated US$2.5 million to a Washington state campaign to legalize same-sex nuptials there.
From modest beginnings, Amazon branched out into almost every product category, taking on established retailers such as Wal-Mart Stores Inc.
In November, Amazon picked America's financial and political capitals for massive new offices, branching out from its home base in Seattle with plans to create more than 25,000 jobs in both New York City and just outside Washington, D.C.
Jeff Bezos also founded space company Blue Origin in 2000, and is funnelling US$1 billion a year of his own fortune into pulling it out of start-up mode and into production.
He also owns the Washington Post, which has been a target of criticism from U.S. President Donald Trump.
'There must be a rapid and decisive response to the threat,' Saudi Energy Minister Khalid al-Falih says in response to Gulf attack
Ottawa paid 'sticker price' for Trans Mountain; construction delays to erode pipeline's value
David Booth: Who can afford to take Tesla private? Well, the Saudis for one
Low-mileage 1985 GMC pickup is a diamond in the rough
Fiat Chrysler recall of 2017 Pacifica for unexplained engine stalling includes Canada
Three layers of pants: The inconvenient truth about Tesla's record-breaking Cannonball Run
Nissan is experimenting with wiring the driver's brain directly to the steering wheel, brakes
Montrealer makes fake car out of snow to confuse police
Double drive-thrus bring out the worst in human beings when there's a cruller at stake
Astronomic prices for classic cars no obstacle to our resident broke milliennial
Christmas is better with 707 hp: Dodge Challenger Hellcat propels tree to ridiculous speed
The Wrangler rides like crap, handles worse but Jeep fans wouldn't have it any other way


text:
Normal Seasons of the Sun
By Ira Glickstein, PhD | WattsUpWithThat | January 23, 2011
We had joy, we had fun, we had Seasons of the Sun.
But the mountains we climbed were but whimsies of our minds.
That song (apologies to Terry Jacks) could well be the theme for the official climate Team as they hike to the airy peak of Mt. Hansen on the supposed 0.8ºC warming since 1880, only to look out at the bleak prospect, for them, of level ground, and the possibility of some cooling over the coming decades.
This is the third of my Tale of the Global Warming Tiger series where I allocate the supposed 0.8ºC warming since 1880 to: (1) Data Bias, (2) Natural Cycles, the subject of this posting, and (3) AGW, which will be the subject of a subsequent posting. Click Tiger's Tale and Tail :^) to see my allocation and read the original story.
NATURAL PROCESSES AND CYCLES
This posting is about how natural processes and cycles have dominated the global warming experienced since 1880. The base chart for the above graphic is the NASA GISS Global Land-Ocean Temperature Index that indicates the official climate Team estimate of about 0.8ºC net warming, the majority of which they allocate to human activities. In contrast, according to my annotations, the actual net warming is closer to 0.5ºC (0.8ºC – 0.3ºC Data Bias), and most of that, 0.4ºC, is due to natural cycles and processes over which humans have no control or effect.
The violet curve in the graphic is my estimate of the effect of natural cycles from 1880 to the present. There are many natural processes that affect the surface temperature of the Earth, but nearly all of them gain their energy from the Sun which is why I call them Normal Seasons of the Sun. In the following three sections, they are divided into three groups, according to their time scales and effects.
GRADUAL PROCESSES AND CYCLES LESS IMPORTANT ON HUMAN TIME SCALES
Biological life is thought to have existed on Earth for about 3.5 billion years. Over that enormous time period, natural processes and cycles have affected the evolution of life. Absent those processes, we would not be here, or at least not in our current condition. However, some of these processes and cycles operate ponderously slowly, to the point they are barely noticed on the time scale of an individual human life or even on the time scale of ten lives. Therefore, they are of virtually no concern:
(a) Brightening Sun The Sun is about 4.5 billion years old, and about halfway through what is called the main sequence evolution for a star of its type. It has been getting brighter, but very slowly and nearly imperceptibly. In about 5 billion years, the Sun will become a Red Giant, and life as we know it on Earth will no longer be possible. However, the rate of brightening is so small that we may ignore it.
(b) Milankovitch Cycles. The Earth's orbit around the Sun is affected by slow, cyclic variations in eccentricity (100,000 years), axial tilt (41,000 years), and precesssion (21,000 years). Changes in the Earth's orbit do not affect the quantity of average yearly solar radiation, but the distribution between equatorial regions and polar regions is affected. This may be the cause of the approximately 100,000 year cycle of ice age glaciations. However, the contribution of these effects over a period as short as that from 1880 to the present is so small we may ignore it.
(c) Heat from Earth's Core. About 0.01% of the energy responsible for heating the surface of the Earth is due to energy from the decay of radioactive materials in the Earth's core. This source has a half life measured in billions of years. This is such a tiny fraction of the Earth's heat budget that we may ignore it.
PROCESSES AND CYCLES OF IMPORTANCE ON HUMAN TIME SCALES
(d) Normal Seasons of the Sun. The nominal 11-year Solar Cycles, during which Sunspot counts vary from low numbers to a peak and then down again, may be as short as 9 years or as long as 14. Magnetic polarity changes for every pair of cycles, so there is an 18 to 28 year magnetic cycle. Often there are series of three or more cycles, spanning periods of 30 to 150 or more years where solar activity may be very low (below 50 spots per month) and series of similar lengths where activity may be very high (above 100 spots per month).
Low Sunspot series are historically associated with decades of unusually cold climate and vice-versa for high Sunspot series. Total Solar Irradiation (TSI) does not change much during a single Sunspot cycle, but, over a series of high (or low) cycles, it may change enough to result in an increase (or decrease) of 0.1ºC. This TSI effect of Solar Cycles accounts for about a quarter of the of 0.4ºC I have allocated for natural cycles.
(e) Henrick Svensmark's Global Cosmic Ray (GCR) Theory. GCRs have a positive role in the formation of clouds. Low-lying daytime clouds tend to cool the surface of the Earth. Therefore, all else being equal, the more GCRs, the more clouds, and the cooler the surface of the Earth. Increased solar magnetic activity, which coincides with higher Sunspot numbers, may divert some portion of GCRs from reaching the Earth, thereby reducing cloud formation and thus lessening their cooling effects.
Via this mechanism, a series of high Sunspot cycles may indirectly cause surface temperatures to rise, and a series of low cycles may cause them to fall, which is consistent with the historical record. Svensmark's theory, if correct, could account for some of the 0.4ºC I have allocated to natural cycles and processes.
(f) Multi-Decadal Ocean Oscillations. There are a number of ocean oscillations, with periods of from less than a decade to multiple decades, that affect sea surface temperatures and therefore have climate impacts worldwide. These include the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and others. The ENSO, for example, has a warm phase, called El Niño, Spanish for "the boy", and a cool phase, called La Niña, "the girl". The El Niño that started in 1998 caused global warming of 0.1ºC to 0.4ºC for a couple years.
While the net effect of any cycle on temperature anomalies is zero, they have significant effects during their high and low durations. Given the existence of several, somewhat independent ocean oscillations, their high and low times may tend to reinforce or cancel each other out, and that may explain multi-decadal episodes of positive and negative anomalies. There may be some correlation of these cycles with solar activity, which is, of course, the main source of their energy. Thus, ocean cycles could account for some of the 0.4ºC I have allocated to natural cycles and processes.
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FEEDBACKS OF IMPORTANCE ON HUMAN TIME SCALES
(g) ATMOSPHERIC GASES (net positive feedback). Long-wave radiation from the Earth extends from about 4 to 25 microns, with maximum energy around 10 microns. See the absorption spectrum for "greenhouse" gases. Note that the absorption spectra for water vapor (H2O) in the range of interest extends from about 5 to 8 microns and from around 12 to 25 microns. Note also that the absorption spectra for other atmospheric gases, such as methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (NO2), and oxygen/ozone (O2/O3), partially overlap H2O such that the atmosphere absorbs (and re-emits) nearly 100% of 4 to 25 micron radiation, except for two nearly transparent windows in the 8 to 9 and 10 to 12 micron regions.
Nearly all the carbon gases in the atmosphere are from natural sources, mostly respiration and digestive gasses of living animals and the decay of dead plants and animals. (The small proportion of carbon gases due to human activity, mainly burning of previously sequestered coal, oil, and natural gas, will be discussed in a future topic here on WUWT. For the purposes of this posting, only natural carbon gases are considered.)
When an atmospheric gas absorbs longwave radiation in its spectrum, that radiative energy is re-emitted in a broader spectrum and in all directions, about half towards the Earth and the other half out towards space.
When atmospheric CO2 absorbs 4 to 5 micron radiation from the Earth, or CH4 absorbs 7 to 8 micron radiation, and that energy is re-emitted, some will fall into the nearly transparent windows and head out to space nearly unimpeded. About half of the remaining energy will be re-emitted back towards the Earth's surface and will add to warming.
The same is true for H2O, NO2, O2, and O3. Thus, increases in any of these gases will tend to increase warming of the Earth, all else being equal. That means, should the surface of the Earth experience a temperature increase, due to natural solar effects or any other cause, and if that increases emission of carbon gases from equatorial and summer temperate oceans, and reduces absorption of carbon gases by the polar and the winter temperate oceans, that will consititute a positive feedback. The inverse is also true. Should surface temperatures decrease, and if this reduces the amount of CO2, CH4, or H2O gases in the atmosphere, that will reduce the "greenhouse" effect, and tend to further cool the surface. Thus carbon gases and water vapor represent a positive feedback to surface warming.
(h) CLOUDS (net negative feedback). Short-wave radiation from the Sun extends from about 0.2 microns (ultraviolet light) to 2 microns (near infrared light), with maximum energy around 0.5 microns (green light in the visible spectrum). Moderate warming of the surface has a net effect of increasing the extent of cloud cover. Daytime clouds reflect much of the short-wave radiation back out to space, which is a powerful negative feedback. However, both day- and nightime clouds also absorb long-wave radiation from the Earth and re-emit about half of it back down, further warming the surface, a positive feedback. There is disagreement over whether the net effect of clouds is warming or cooling. Most of the official climate Team models assume the net effect is positive, others, including me, assume it nets out as negative.
(i) SURFACE ICE (net positive feedback). Ice, having a high albedo (reflective quality of white or light-colored surfaces), reflects much of the short-wave radiation from the Sun back out to space, which has a cooling effect. Warming of the Earth's surface may thin and ultimately melt the ice and expose the underlying sea water or land. Water and land are less reflective. Thus, warming that causes melting has a net positive feedback.
(j) THUNDERSTORMS, HURRICANES, ETC. (net negative feedback). These tend to mix the atmosphere and, since the surface is generally warmer than the lower air masses, storms and other disturbances of the atmosphere tend to be a cooling influence. Thunderstorms, in particular, tend to lift warmer air from the surface to higher elevations where the heat energy may more readily radiate out to space.
Thus, if warming of the surface causes more water vapor in the atmosphere, and if this causes more thunderstorms and hurricanes, or makes them more intense, they have a negative feedback effect.
(k) PRECIPITATION (net negative feedback). Water vapor in the atmosphere cools by radiation of its heat energy in all directions, including out to space. The vapor condenses, forming liquid (rain) and solid (snow) water precipitates. Since the radiating tends to take place high in the atmosphere, where the heat energy may more readily radiate out to space, this precipitation constitutes a net cooling effect. Rain and snow tend to be cooler than the surface, and that is also a net cooling effect. Thus, if warming of the surface causes more water vapor in the atmosphere, and if this causes more precipitation, that is a negative feedback effect.
(l) VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS. These spew hot gases, liquids, and solids from the bowels of the Earth onto the surface and into the atmosphere. In the short-term, this tends to heat the surface. However, the aerosols from the volcano, basically sulphur and other mineral compounds, are driven high into the air and tend to remain for years, which tends to reflect Sunlight back into space, which, in the longer-term, tends to cool the surface. The net effect is cooling. For example, the eruption at Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 cooled global temperatures 0.1ºC to 0.3ºC for a few years thereafter.
CONCLUSIONS AND REQUESTS
I believe I have hit on and briefly described all the major natural processes and cycles that affect average global temperatures. However, if readers have additional information or corrections to what I said about any of them, or if there are some I missed, I would appreciate detailed comments to improve my summary.
It seems to me that my estimate of 0.4ºC for Normal Seasons of the Sun is fully justified, but I am open to hearing the opinions of WUWT readers who may think I have over- (or under-) estimated this component of the supposed 0.8ºC rise in global temperatures since 1880.
In my first and second postings in this Tale of the Global Warming Tiger series, I asked for comments on my allocations: to: (1) Data Bias 0.3ºC, (2) Natural Cycles 0.4ºC, and (3) AGW 0.1ºC.
Quite a few readers were kind enough to comment, either expressing general agreement or offering their own estimates.
Some commenters claim that the actual Data Bias is larger than my estimate of 0.3ºC. Some think Data Bias may be responsible for the entire amount of the supposed 0.8ºC rise in global temperatures since 1880, meaning that net warming over that period is ZERO. I accept that Data Bias may be 50% more (or less) than my estimate, which would put it between 0.15ºC and 0.45ºC, but I doubt it could be as large as 0.8ºC.
Other commenters claim that AGW is ZERO. In other words, they believe that rising CO2 and land use changes due to human activities have no effect on temperatures or climate. They believe the lack of effect is due to the negative feedback from cloud albedo and other natural negative feedback processes. I agree clouds have a net negative feedback (most official models assume a net positive feedback) but I do not believe this cancels out all the effects of CO2 on the Earth's surface absorption of Solar radiation nor of albedo changes due to land use. I accept that AGW may be 50% less (or more) than my estimate, which would put it between 0.05ºC and 0.2ºC, but I doubt it could be as large as 0.8ºC.
What do you think? I have been keeping a spreadsheet record of reader's opinions, which I appreciate and value greatly, along with their screen names, and I plan to report the results later in this series.
This is what you may look forward to:
Some People Claim There's a Human to Blame – Yes, human actions, mainly burning of fossil fuels and changes in land use, are responsible for some small amount of Global Warming.
Is the Global Warming Tiger a Pussy Cat? – If, as many of us expect, natural processes lead to stabilization of global temperatures over the coming decades, and perhaps a bit of cooling, we will realize the whole Global Warming uproar was like the boy who saw a pussy cat and cried tiger.
January 23, 2011 Posted by aletho | Science and Pseudo-Science, Timeless or most popular	| Comments Off on Normal Seasons of the Sun
Would isolation of the US persuade Obama not to veto?
By Alan Hart | January 23, 2011
Despite strong US opposition, a proposed resolution condemning Israeli settlements on the occupied West Bank did make it to the UN Security Council. It was not put to a vote and no vote is expected for some time, if ever, because of the probability as things stand of an American veto. But given growing global support for the resolution, there is a case for wondering if President Obama can remain Zionist-like in his own implicit defiance of international law on Israel's behalf.
Introduced by Lebanon, the resolution states that "Israeli settlements established in the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967, including East Jerusalem, are illegal and constitute a major obstacle to the achievement of a just, lasting and comprehensive peace". And it demands that Israel cease "immediately and completely" not only all settlement construction in the occupied territory, including East Jerusalem, but also "all other measures aimed at altering the demographic composition, character and status of the territory, in violation of international humanitarian law and relevant resolutions."
US position ridiculous
Washington had hoped that signalling its opposition to the proposed resolution would be enough to cause its Palestinian and other Arab sponsors to back away from taking it to the Security Council. Deputy American UN Ambassador Rosemary DiCarlo said the US opposed bringing the settlement issue to the Council "because such action moves us no closer to a goal of a negotiated final settlement and could even undermine progress towards it". She also said the Security Council should not be the forum for resolving the issues at the heart of the Israel-Palestine conflict. In my view that has to be among the most ridiculous statements any diplomat has ever made in any place at any time.
When the Arab sponsors discovered that they do have testicles and refused to be intimidated by Uncle Sam, the result was a huge embarrassment for Obama because, as noted by Tony Karon in an article for Time, the resolution's substance "largely echoes the administration's own stated positions." In Haaretz under the headline "Settlements issue isn't Israel's problem, it's Obama's", Natasha Mozgovaya was more explicit. The resolution has put Washington "in the awkward position of having to veto a resolution it absolutely agrees with".
That was why a number of former senior US diplomats and officials wrote to Obama urging him to support the resolution. They included former Reagan Defence Secretary Frank Carlucci and former assistant secretaries of state Thomas Pickering and James Dobbins. They said the resolution is not incompatible with negotiating an end to the conflict and does not deviate from the US commitment to Israel's security. They added:
The proposed resolution is consistent with existing and established US policies; deploying a veto would severely undermine US credibility and interests, placing us firmly outside of the international consensus, and further diminishing our ability to mediate this conflict.
USA internationally isolated
How far outside the international consensus the US already is on account of its unconditional support for Israel right or wrong was demonstrated by the fact that the resolution attracted the support of 120 nations. Diplomats were certain that the US was the only one of the five permanent members on the 15-country Security Council with veto power that would have vetoed if the resolution had been put to a vote when it was introduced. In other words, without a US veto it would have passed. That would have more or less confirmed Israel's pariah status in much of the world and just might have been a game-changer.
In contrast to the Zionist lobby in America which has naturally been urging – ordering? – Obama to veto, J Street, the "dovish" Jewish advocacy group which is pro-Israel and more or less anti-AIPAC [American Israel Public Affairs Committee], is among those who understand that a veto would not be in America's own best interests. Or Israel's, despite what its deluded leaders assert to the contrary. In a statement J Street said:
As a pro-Israel organization and as Americans, we advocate for what we believe to be in the long-term interests of the state of Israel and of the United States… Ongoing settlement expansion runs counter to the interests of both countries and against commitments Israel itself has made. While we hope never to see the state of Israel publicly taken to task by the United Nations, we cannot support a US veto of a resolution that closely tracks long-standing American policy and that appropriately condemns Israeli settlement policy".
Because J Street almost certainly speaks for far more silent and troubled American Jews than AIPAC does, that's quite an important statement.
The advocacy group Americans for Peace Now was more explicit in its message to Obama. It not only urged him to avoid vetoing the resolution, it also said this:
It is indefensible that the Netanyahu government, heedless of the damage settlement activity does to Israel's own interests and indifferent to the Obama administration's peace efforts, has not only refused to halt settlement activity, but has opened the floodgates, including in the most sensitive areas of East Jerusalem. In this context, the move by the United Nations Security Council to censure Israel's settlement activity should surprise no one… Vetoing this resolution would conflict with four decades of US policy. It would contribute to the dangerously naive view that Israeli settlement policies do no lasting harm to Israel. And it would send a message to the world that the US is not only acquiescing to Israel's actions, but is implicitly supporting them.
It might well have been their fear of a Tunisian domino effect that helped to embolden the regimes of the sponsoring Arab states to defy a US administration on this occasion. Their challenge to America's unconditional support for Israel was, as Tony Karon noted, "a low-cost gesture that will play well on the restive street". At least for a while, I add. (The truth about the Arab street is that for the past 40 years very many people on it have been humiliated and angered not only by Israel's arrogance of power and American support for it, but also by the complete failure of their own governments to use the leverage they do have to put real pressure on the US to oblige Israel to end its occupation of all the Arab territory it grabbed in 1967.)
Crunch time for Obama?
If the sponsoring Arab regimes have the will to keep the heat on Washington over the resolution and insist that there must be a vote on it at some point in the not too distant future, and if the number of nations who support the resolution stays firm and better still increases, crunch time for Obama on the Israel-Palestine conflict will arrive.
If and when it does he will have three options: to veto; to order America's vote in the Security Council to be cast for the resolution; or to abstain. An American abstention would have the same practical effect as a "Yes" vote – the resolution would be passed.
A veto would protect Obama from the wrath of the Zionist lobby and its stooges in Congress. But it would also propel America further down the road to isolation, perhaps to the point where, like Israel, it was regarded as a pariah state by much of the world. Can Obama or any American president really afford that?
But an American vote for the resolution or even an abstention would, of course, put Obama into head-on confrontation with the Zionist lobby. Could he come out of it a winner (and, some will add, remain alive)?
My crystal ball doesn't tell me the answer, but it does indicate how he could be the first American president to break the Zionist lobby's stranglehold on America policy for the Middle East. If he went over the heads of Congress and used his rhetorical skill to explain to his people why it is not in America's own best interests to go on supporting Israel right or wrong, there's a chance that he could win the argument. Americans are not stupid. What they are, most of them, is extremely gullible because of the way they have been misinformed, lied to, by a mainstream media which, for a number of reasons, are content to peddle Zionist propaganda.
It's your call, Mr President. The fate of the region – the Middle East – and quite possibly the whole world will be determined by it.
If the US endorses the Whitewash Israeli inquiry into Israel's deadly attack on the Free Gaza Flotilla last May, we'll know that the prospects of Obama putting America's own interest first at crunch time are very, very remote, to say the least.
January 23, 2011 Posted by aletho | Ethnic Cleansing, Racism, Zionism, Illegal Occupation, Progressive Hypocrite, Wars for Israel	| 1 Comment
Israeli flotilla inquiry cannot authorize the collective punishment of Gaza
Legal Center for Freedom of Movement | January 23, 2011
In response to the publication of the interim report of the Turkel Commission to Examine the Maritime Incident of 31 May, 2010, and its conclusion that the naval closure of the Gaza Strip, as well as the actions Israel took to enforce it, are consistent with the provisions of international law, Gisha (Legal Center for Freedom of Movement) notes:
No commission of inquiry can authorize the collective punishment of a civilian population by restricting its movement and access, as Israel did in its closure of Gaza, of which the maritime closure was an integral part. Gisha notes that a primary goal of the restrictions, as declared by Israel, was to paralyze the economy in Gaza and prevent its residents from leading normal lives. International law forbids using civilians to advance "strategic" goals, under circumstances in which Israel controls their ability to transfer goods. Although some of the restrictions were removed following the flotilla incident, Israel continues to restrict the movement of persons, the entrance of building materials and the transfer of goods for sale outside Gaza – with no valid security justification.
International law permits restricting movement for purposes of security, so long as Israel protects the rights of residents in Gaza to engage in normal life. However, imposing a closure for purposes of punishment is forbidden, as the International Committee of the Red Cross stated in reference to the maritime incident. According to official documents obtained by Gisha under the Freedom of Information Act, Israel prevented the passage of civilian goods such as spices, raw materials and consumer items and even set limitations for the amount of food it would permit residents of Gaza to purchase. We disagree with the Commission's conclusion that the restrictions were justified for military or "strategic" reasons. It is unclear how preventing the transfer into Gaza of industrial margarine, paper, and coriander contributed to a legitimate military goal.
So long as Israel controls central elements of life in Gaza, including movement via the crossings, it must take responsibility for the effects of its control on the 1.5 million human beings living in the Gaza Strip. Gisha expresses hope that Israel will cancel the many remaining restrictions that are not related to concrete security risks and will allow the free movement of people and goods into and out of Gaza, subject only to individual security checks.
For a position paper on the maritime closure and the Turkel Commission, click here.
For a position paper on the continuing restrictions on access into and out of Gaza, click here.
January 23, 2011 Posted by aletho | Illegal Occupation, Timeless or most popular, War Crimes	| 1 Comment
Israeli war crime confessions to debut in bookstores this month
Palestine Information Center – 22/01/2011
OCCUPIED JERUSALEM — An Israeli organization has compiled many statements by Israeli soldiers confessing to war crimes against unarmed Palestinians in a book that will be released soon and sold in Europe.
The NGO Breaking the Silence will release this month details of torture and murder incidents committed by 180 soldiers from 2000 to 2009.
Testimonies, tapes and images have already been in circulation, but the soldiers who testified will for the first time ever reveal their identities and faces.
Breaking the Silence founder Yehuda Shaul, who is an ex-soldier, said he aimed to launch debate in Israel about the country's army.
"[The Israeli army] is corrupting the youth," Shaul said.
The book, containing first time ever released details, is expected to spark controversy in Israel and the world over.
Breaking the Silence has a membership of 700 former soldiers and activists.
Update: a nearly final electronic version can be found online.
January 23, 2011 Posted by aletho | Solidarity and Activism, Timeless or most popular, War Crimes	| 1 Comment
London's Foreign Office might as well relocate to Tel Aviv
By Stuart Littlewood | Redress | 23 January 2011
What our Foreign Office minister said on his recent visit to Israel and occupied Palestine shows more clearly than ever why the struggle in the Holy Land extends all the way to our own front door here in the UK.
The new minister in charge of Middle East affairs, Alistair Burt, was there to reward the sterling work of the Palestinian Authority's prime minister, Salam Fayyad, and his boss, Mahmoud Abbas, with a gift of GBP 17 million. This largesse no doubt made the British government feel better about doing naff-all to right the catalogue of wrongs going back to 1917.
The official reason was that Burt is impressed by the dynamic duo's progress towards creating an independent, viable Palestinian state "living in peace with a secure Israel".
Their only real achievement, however, is the way they have turned the occupied territories into a police state of the most sinister kind, with torture, rape and other extreme forms of cruelty a regular feature of the prisons they run.
This bonus from the British taxpayer is supposed to pay for schooling for over 4,400 children, fund 340 teachers and help 15,000 people continue to receive clean water, says Burt.
More likely it's a sweetener to get the Palestinian leaders back to the negotiation table. Burt seems desperately keen for that to happen, though God knows why.
It is critical that both sides find a way to return to talks. The current impasse is of great concern and I urge all parties to take immediate steps to secure a lasting peace…
We firmly believe that this should see a Palestinian state based on 1967 borders and with East Jerusalem as its capital. This is the solution which offers the best prospect of a just and sustainable peace.
I also hold firmly the view that settlement construction is illegal, wrong and should stop. It blights the lives of Palestinians and is an obstacle to peace.
Talk is easy when you have no intention of following it up with action. Mr Burt is not about to transform himself into a man of action for peace. Why not? Because he's an Israel lobby stooge. He used to be (and maybe still is, for all I know) an officer of that infamous bunch of Israel-firsters, the Conservative Friends of Israel.
The Foreign Office is stuffed with them, all appointed by our new prime minister, David "I'm-a-Zionist" Cameron. This misguided individual is famously quoted on the Friends of Israel website as saying: "The friendship … will deepen, because the ties between this party and Israel are unbreakable. And in me, you have a prime minister whose belief in Israel is indestructible."
What a ridiculous commitment for a British prime minister to make to a lawless, racist state that respects nobody's human rights, continually defies international law and shoots children for amusement (see "The methodical shooting of boys at work in Gaza by snipers of the Israeli occupation force", a horrific article by surgeon David Halpin).
It is a disgrace that the Conservatives, who were not given a clear mandate to govern, nevertheless vomit their infatuation with the thuggish Israeli regime all over their much more level-headed coalition partners (the Liberal Democrats), the whole British nation and the Arab world.
Go to the UK's Israel embassy website where Burt "answers your questions" and see the way he tells everyone how "clear" or "firm" the UK government position is on this and that. When challenged to say what exactly he is doing to uphold the official position or enforce official policy, he sidesteps every time.
Burt's indoctrination
In a speech to the Board of Deputies of British Jews in London last year, Burt told his audience he had worked from the age of 15 for an MP who was a president of the Board and founder of the Conservative Friends of Israel, and how this "had a lasting effect upon me, and on my interests in Parliament".
He said: "Israel is an important strategic partner and friend for the UK and we share a number of important shared objectives across a broad range of policy areas."
Offhand, can anybody think of a single objective they would wish to share with those people?
On the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, he said that "without an agreement between the Palestinians and the Israelis then peace in the Middle East is unobtainable".
He added, apparently oblivious to the irony of his remarks:
Those who are enemies of peace will continue to use the conflict for their own purposes… We cannot allow those who want to pursue a violent agenda to succeed…As a friend to both sides, we are committed to a two-state solution and we will continue to support the efforts of the US to broker a peace deal between both sides.
And as an honest broker, the UK government does not believe that economic sanctions or embargoes on Israel [are] the way to engage or to influence it.
The "friend to both sides" and "honest broker" he refers to has been happy to use economic sanctions to collectively punish the Gazans, who are no threat to us, and thinks nothing of threatening the Iranians, who are no threat to us. Why so queasy about doing the same to Israel, which is a threat to everyone? All else has failed. Could it be that Mr Burt is actually no more interested in peace than the Israelis?
"And I know some of you here are concerned about Universal Jurisdiction… We have prioritized resolving this and look to see legislation introduced to Parliament…"
His eagerness to sabotage the Geneva Convention's principle of Universal Jurisdiction so that suspected Israeli war criminals can walk the streets of London without fear of arrest, reflects his party's eagerness to appease the whining of the psychopaths.
Needless to say the Jewish Chronicle was ecstatic about Burt's appointment as a Foreign Office minister, which it said sent
as clear a message as possible about the direction of the new government in the region. Mr Burt is listed as an officer in the parliamentary group of Conservative Friends of Israel and has been passionate in campaigning for visiting rights to Gilad Shalit, the Israeli soldier held hostage by Hamas for the past four years… The appointment of Mr Burt and Mr [David] Lidington will be seen as an attempt to distance the Foreign Office from its Arabist, "Camel Corps" reputation.
The Jewish Chronicle continued: "Mr Burt will have to work hard within the Arab world to build credibility and prove that he is an honest broker. He will not be helped by his commitment to the Evangelical Christian movement."
Burt's deep concern for Shalit, whose capture and detention he calls "outrageous" while ignoring the thousands of Palestinian civilians (including women and children) abducted and left to rot in Israeli jails without trial, wins him no credibility.
At the Jerusalem Post they were rubbing their hands in glee. The director of the Conservative Friends of Israel called Burt's appointment excellent news. "I have travelled to Israel with Alistair on numerous occasions. He has an excellent knowledge and understanding of the complex issues of the region and is well-placed to approach the brief with the balance and fairness it requires."
London Muslim, on his blog, confessed he had been
under the impression that one of the qualities needed to be a minister in the FCO [Foreign and Commonwealth Office] was that you championed Britain rather than a foreign government that practises apartheid and fakes British passports before carrying out assassinations. My impression was also that when MPs take the oath … they swear allegiance to Liz [Queen Elizabeth] and her heirs, not Israel.
"Burt is a Christian Evangelical who like many of his eschatology ilk, particularly in America, will be hoping for Armageddon in the Middle East.
Yes, let's hang on to that bleak thought.
Britain's Israel-firsters ditch law and justice for lopsided "negotiation"
Stopping off in Jordan, Burt announced that Britain would not recognize a Palestinian state unless it emerged from a peace deal with Israel. London could "not recognize a state that does not have a capital, and doesn't have borders."
London recognizes Israel. Where does Burt suppose Israel's borders are? And is Israel sitting inside them? Where does he think Israel's capital is? And where does Israel claim it to be? In other words, is Israel where Israel is supposed to be, within internationally defined borders? If not, how could he possibly recognize it let alone align himself with it?
Burt had talked the previous day about a Palestinian state based on 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital. In the space of a few short hours he seemed to have completely lost the plot.
Burt said:
We are looking forward to recognizing a Palestinian state at the end of the negotiations on settlements because our position is again very straightforward: We wish to see a two-state solution, a secure and recognized Israel side by side with a viable Palestine, Jerusalem as a joint capital and agreed borders.
Negotiations about illegal settlements? Since when did Her Majesty's Government negotiate over criminal acts and crimes against humanity? Unless of course Alistair Burt is now answering to Queen Hillary Clinton, who has rejected in advance an anticipated Palestinian resolution in the UN condemning unlawful Israeli settlement building. Queen Hillary says the issue of illegal squats can be resolved through "negotiations" between Palestinians and Israelis and to hell with international law. Mr Burt obliges by chiming sweetly with this conspiracy. "That's where we want to get to. When we get there, that of course will imply recognition of a state of Palestine."
Many people are betting that, compared to the borders already defined by law and UN resolution, any "negotiated" solution will be worth diddly-squat.
As for a unilateral declaration of independence by the Palestinians, he said it would mean ambiguity on crucial issues like the capital of the state, its borders and the fate of refugees.
Again, Mr Burt hasn't been paying attention. These things were ruled on long ago. But instead of enforcing international law and upholding justice, as he should, he cooperates with the most dishonest peace brokers on the planet to revive discredited, lopsided talks between dispossessed victim and criminal occupier. Where's the honour in that?
Aiming to grab Gaza's gas too
And talking of boundary recognition, where does Mr Burt suppose the Palestinian state's offshore boundaries are? Huge reserves of marine gas and oil have been found in the Levantine Basin, which comprises Israel, the Palestinian territories, Lebanon and their territorial waters.
In a report by Manlio Dinucci the Israeli government with Washington's backing considers it is entitled to all the energy reserves.
A coastal state may exploit offshore gas and oil reserves within a zone extending 200 nautical miles (370 kilometres) from the shore, so the Palestinian Authority also has a claim. According to the map drawn up by the US Geological Survey, the major portion of the gas deposits (around 60 per cent) lie in the waters and territory belonging to Gaza, so we can expect the US-Israeli "Axis of Greed" to ruthlessly exploit the Palestinians' disunity and deprive them of their natural resource, just like they've stolen their water.
If the Israelis plan to grab the lot "with Washington's backing", is London signed up to this act of grand larceny too?
The question for many years has been: will Gaza ever get a whiff of its own gas? What does Mr Burt, wearing the British government's "honest broker" hat, say?
January 23, 2011 Posted by aletho | Ethnic Cleansing, Racism, Zionism, Illegal Occupation, Timeless or most popular, Wars for Israel	| Comments Off on London's Foreign Office might as well relocate to Tel Aviv