text:
SCHMEER, KAREN
Karen Schmeer, ACE
Karen Schmeer, ACE, began her career by editing a film that director Errol Morris had feared was completely uneditable, 1997's Fast, Cheap & Out of Control. Morris publicly credited Schmeer with saving that film by weaving four disparate characters' stories into a poetic symphony about human emotion, whimsy, and questions about the meaning of life. It marked the beginning of a decade-long collaboration between Schmeer and Morris on films such as Mr. Death: The Rise and Fall of Fred A. Leuchter, Jr., and the IFC series First Person. She also edited Morris' Academy Award-winning The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara, which garnered an Eddie nomination for Best Editing for Schmeer and co-editors Doug Abel and Chyld King. At the Slamdance Film Festival, she won the Excellence in Editing Award for Lucia Small's My Father the Genius, and at Sundance she won the Best Editing Award for Greg Barker's Sergio. Schmeer also worked with other directors such as Sydney Pollack (Sketches of Frank Gehry) and Robb Moss (The Same River Twice).
In 2010, Schmeer was in the process of editing Liz Garbus' documentary, Bobby Fischer Against the World. One evening after work, she was struck and killed by a car fleeing a drug store robbery in New York City. To honor her memory, The Karen Schmeer Film Editing Fellowship was founded that same year to support emerging documentary editors and the documentary editing community at large (there's a link to it in the Appendix).
"Fast, Cheap and Out of Control took a very long time to edit. We worked on it off and on for roughly five years… It just kept changing. The characters kept changing, and our focus kept changing. It just was really hard to kind of wrangle it in and finish it… One of the problems that we were having for a long period of time was just attending to all the found footage, and getting too obsessed with the visuals themselves. Bob Richardson shot a lot of the material in the film and it was so great and so beautiful that I think actually too much of it was being used because not all of it necessarily helped the story…Basically, when I started working on it, I scoured over all the interviews again to see if we were missing stuff. [I'm] trying to piece together what is the essence of the interviews and the stories, and then building the visuals on top of that, and moving away from [the] really fast cutting. And that kind of clears things up."
-WGBH Boston interview, 1997. The full video interview can be found in the Appendix.
"In the fifteen movies I've edited, I think I've only gotten a remote version of a paper cut twice and that's it. Usually, it's just plowing through [the footage] and finding out what works. And actually, what's been the most useful thing for me is rough-cut screenings, where, you know, I'll cut something [and] I think, it all makes sense, it's great — and then I'll show it to an audience, and all of a sudden, all these flaws are revealed, and confusions are revealed. And the whole film will have to change shape."
-ACE EditFest NY 2009 panel discussion. The full video interview can be found in the Appendix.


Adjustable headcollar with soft faux-fur lining and sequins. The head piece is adjustable on both sides, by means of a buckle. The nose strap is also adjustable by means of a buckle. With snap closure at the throat strap. The head piece and noseband are equipped with shiny sequins and lined with soft faux-fur in the colour natural. Available in the colour black.
Zacht halstertouw met musketonsluiting. Verkrijgbaar in de kleur zwart.
Soft lead rope with silver coloured snap closure. Available in the colours black and cobalt.
Give your saddle pad a personal touch and let it be embroidered with block letters. Also nice as a gift.


Gliss is a new 4th form of fishing line that is produced by a breakthrough extrusion process of high modulus polyethylene fibers. Gliss has qualities of both monofilament and braid. Gliss has zero stretch and the lowest diameter to breaking strength of any line. .010 diameter Gliss equals 4kg/8lb strength.
PRO ANGLER TESTING & COMMENTS: After a very successful intro by WFT in Europe, Gliss has been extensively tested in North America. Testing has been performed by bass elite and FLW tour anglers in addition to saltwater and freshwater professional guides.
"I caught fish with Gliss that I could not have caught with other line due to its incredible sensitivity.
When dropshotting, I can get down faster due to it's small diameter and cuts right through the water.
Gliss is much thinner than typical braid which allows leaders to be tied with out hanging up in the micro guides of bass rods.


If you haven't yet battled in the legendary Dialga raids, you should do so because the Steel-Dragon type Pokemon will soon be replaced by Giratina, the Ghost/Dragon Pokemon.
But Giradina will come in two forms: the Altered and Origin forms! Pokemon go players will first have to fight the Altered form and then the Origin form. Here's the complete schedule.
You can fight Giratina (Altered) starting with 27 March and ending on 2 April (1 PM PDT).
Fight Giratina (Origin) starting with 2 April and ending on 29 April (1 PM PDT).
We know the two forms are confusing, so here are some of the differences between the two forms. Both forms have nearly the same stats in Pokemon Go – almost the same stamina and the same move set. The only things different are the attack and defense stats that are swapped. The Origin form has a stronger attack, while the Altered form has a stronger defense. This is why Origin form Giratina comes with better CP.
The Altered form of Giratina is, in fact, the original one from the main series games. Giratina could activate the Origin form when it was in the Distortion World or when it held a Griseous Orb.
In Pokemon Go, this raid will let players who didn't add Altered Giratina to their collection get a chance of adding it next week. Meanwhile, this is the first time players can get the Origin form Giratina. This Pokemon is the most popular legendary Pokemon in the game.
Pokemon Go will also feature Defense Form Deoxys in EX Pokemon GO Raids next week, starting on 25 March, so the next few weeks will surely be pretty busy for those that want to get the legendary monsters.


Children are eager to learn. Our role is to create natural settings which support their innate need for learning and guide the educational process for them to reach their fullest potential. Modern research confirms what Maria Montessori discovered more than a century ago through her observations.
"It is natural that younger children learn from the older ones. That´s why splitting them into classrooms on the basis of their age is not efficient," says Steve Hughes and Elina Rautasalo. To succeed in the present world, comprehensive personal development is more important than just knowing things.
Take a look at this short video by Steve Hughes discussing this and don´t miss an exceptional opportunity to hear more about this and other Montessori principles from him and Elina Rautasalo!


Managed Workplace offers the option to export or import scripts which allows you to backup or share your custom scripts. This also allows you to upload scripts that you have gathered from other repositories.
The separate processes are described below.
Check the script you wish to export.
Select the More Actions pull down.
Save and enter the directory you wish to save it to.
Select More Actions pull down.
Browse the mws file you wish to import.


text:
What You Need to Know Before You Go
Japan, also called the Land of the Rising Sun, is a mix of ancient traditions coexisting with global innovation. Made up of 4 main islands in East Asia, the nation has diverse climates and landscapes – snowy mountains dominate the northern end, while to the south, you'll find Nagano's lakes, Kyoto's temples, and the vibrant capital of Tokyo. Thanks to an extensive rail network, you can ride one of the world's fastest bullet trains from the subtropical beaches in the south to the northernmost mountain ranges.
Japan's well-preserved culture is something you can experience instead of just reading about it from a history book, from sumo wrestling matches and kabuki shows, to woodblock printing and tea ceremonies. Whether you're planning an extravagant shopping trip to Tokyo or want to enjoy a day of visiting Shinto shrines in Kyoto, Japan is a country of vibrancy, depth and beauty.
Top destinations in Japan
Where will you go next?
Best of Japan
Featured stories & fun stuff
10 Best Museums in Kyoto
24 Best Temples and Shrines in Kyoto
25 Best Things to Do in Kyoto
13 Best Things to Do in Nara
11 Best Things to Do in Kobe
12 Best Things to Do in Osaka
10 Best Family Things to Do in Tokyo
8 Unusual Things to See and Do in Tokyo
10 Best Things to Do in Japan
6 Best Temples to See Cherry Blossoms in Kyoto
12 Best Things to Do in Sapporo
8 Things to Do in Tokyo in Spring
15 Best Secret Temples in Kyoto
13 Best Things to Do in Nagoya
6 Great Bars and Pubs in Sapporo
18 Best Nightlife Experiences in Kyoto
5 Great Restaurants in Kobe
Japan travel guide by category
I don't know my dates
Also popular

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


2000-11-14 Assigned to U.S. TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK reassignment U.S. TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: PHASE METRICS, INC.
A simple yet versatile noncontact optical inspection instrument and method are described for the inspection of magnetic disk surfaces for surface defects. This instrument is capable of inspecting the disk surface at any point in the disk manufacturing process. Surface defects such as bumps, pits and scratches can be measured. Surface contaminants such as particles and stains can also be measured. The instrument is also capable of discriminating between surface defects and surface contaminants. The instrument is comprised of two identical optical sensors which are located on opposite sides of the disk. A carriage supports and translates these sensors along the disk radius while a spindle rotates the disk. Both surfaces of the disk are therefore simultaneously scanned in a spiral fashion. The sensor's illumination optics produce a monochromatic focused spot of light which is normally incident upon the disk surface. The sensor uses two collection optics channels which simultaneously detect both the specular reflected light and the diffuse scattered light produced by the disk surface. Both the angle and power of the specular reflected light are measured, while just the power of the diffuse scattered light is measured. The output signals from the sensors are processed to estimate the size of the defects and to determine the type of defect.
This is a continuation application of application Ser. No. 08/588,870, filed Jan. 19, 1996 and now abandoned.
The invention relates to an optical detection system and method for detecting defects on a smooth surface, and more particularly for detecting surface defects on the surface of a magnetic disk.
There is a significant quality control problem associated with surface imperfections on magnetic disks. This typically occurs, for example, on nickel-plated aluminum substrates used in the manufacture of thin-film magnetic media, but may be a problem with respect to any area where a smooth surface is desired. Typical surface defects include pits, dirt, dust, oil, stains, fingerprints and the like. Defects on the surface of rigid magnetic media are often a result of an impingement onto the surface or a tearing of material away from the surface. These types of defects can be very large scratches or gouges on the surface or very small (5 um and smaller) tears or pricks on the surface. The large surface defects, because of their size and scattering properties, are readily distinguishable through sophisticated data processing performed on light reflected from the surface of the medium under test by an inspection apparatus which includes a light source directed at the disk. Small surface defects (5 um and smaller) have not been so readily detectable, and even when detected, have been difficult to identify and classify. For example, the systems described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,794,264 and 4,794,265, entitled "SURFACE DEFECT DETECTION AND CONFIRMATION SYSTEM AND METHOD" and "SURFACE PIT DETECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD", respectively, issued to Quackenbos et al. describe systems for detecting pits on a smooth surface by irradiating an area of the surface. Two sensors separately detect radiation scattered from the surface. One sensor detects radiation scattered in a near-specular region (40-100 milliradians or 2.29-5.73 degrees), while a second sensor detects radiation scattered in a far-specular region (greater than 100 milliradians or 5.73 degrees). The near-specular signal is normalized with respect to the far-specular signal to indicate a pit. The Quackenbos devices lack any ways to distinguish between a surface depression, i.e., a pit, and a surface protrusion, i.e., a bump. Quackenbos does not distinguish surface protrusions of a smooth nature (i.e., bumps) from more jagged contaminants. Quackenbos also makes the assumption that surface depressions or "pits" do not have far-specular reflection patterns, which has proved to be a limiting and problematic assumption. Additionally, the Quackenbos devices lack any means to determine the slope of the defect from which the light has scattered.
Thus, there is a need in the magnetic disk drive industry for a noncontact optical inspection instrument which is capable of detecting defects in the surfaces of polished magnetic disk substrates. This instrument must be sensitive, fast and inexpensive and must be capable of detecting surface defects and estimating the size of these defects. This instrument must also be able to distinguish between various kinds of defects such as bumps, pits and scratches and also between these defects and surface contaminants such as particles and stains. The instrument should also be able to determine the slope of the defect from which the light has scattered.
The present invention is a simple, yet versatile noncontact optical inspection instrument and method for the inspection of magnetic disk surfaces for surface defects. This instrument is capable of inspecting the disk surface at any point in the disk manufacturing process. Surface defects such as bumps, pits and scratches are measured. Surface contaminants such as particles and stains can also be measured and quantitatively characterized. The instrument is also capable of discriminating between surface defects and surface contaminants and between pits and bumps.
In one embodiment, the instrument includes an optical sensor which is mounted on a carriage which supports and translates the sensor along the disk radius while a spindle rotates the disk. Illumination optics produce a monochromatic focused spot of light which is normally incident upon the disk surface. The sensor includes four collection optics channels which simultaneously detect both specular reflected light and diffuse scattered light produced by the disk surface. Both the reflection angle and power of the specular reflected light are measured, while just the power of the diffuse scattered light is measured.
The specular channel employs a quadrant photo-diode to obtain information about the reflection angle of the returned light, which is correlated with the slope of any defect present on the disk under inspection. In another embodiment, interferometric techniques are used in the specular channel to estimate the height of defects above the surface of the disk. Both equal-length and unequal-length interferometers may be used to sense defects in this embodiment. The output signals from the sensor are then processed to estimate the size, shape and depth of the defects and to determine the type of defect.
The magnetic disk substrate which is being inspected may be held by a vacuum chuck and rotated by an air bearing spindle. Two diametrically opposed non-contact optical sensors may be simultaneously radially translated over each of the disk surfaces by the carriage, thereby producing spiral shaped inspection scans of both surfaces of the disk. These scans consist of adjacent tracks which may or may not overlap depending upon the throughput and precision required of the tool.
A variety of substrate materials may be examined using the method and apparatus described herein. These and other characteristics of the present invention will become apparent through reference to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 illustrates generally a system for inspecting disk surfaces according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates specular reflection from a smooth surface employed by the present invention to sense the slope and magnitude of a defect on a disk under examination.
FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate the geometrical principles of diffuse reflection of an incident light beam from a surface.
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a first embodiment of the disk inspection system of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method employed by the present invention for calculating the slopes of defects on a disk.
FIG. 6 is a schematic of a signal processing technique used to detect and classify defects of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of an alternate embodiment of the present invention employing an equal path-length interferometer in the specular channel of the disk inspection apparatus to measure defects on the surface of the disk.
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a second alternate embodiment of the present invention employing an unequal path-length interferometer and hub reference mirror in the specular channel of the disk inspection apparatus to measure defects on the surface of the disk.
FIG. 9 illustrates a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 8 including a fixed reference mirror adjacent to the disk under test.
FIG. 10 illustrates a third alternate embodiment of the present invention incorporating a Nomarski interferometer and a birefringent plate.
FIG. 11 shows the function and operation of the double dark field channel in one embodiment of the present invention.
A surface inspection apparatus and method is described. In the following description, numerous details are set forth. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the surface inspection apparatus of the present invention, generally illustrated at 10, comprises dual sensors 12 mounted on a carriage 14 and situated in relation to a magnetic disk substrate 16 such that one sensor monitors a first surface of the disk 16 while the other sensor monitors of a second surface of the disk 16. The magnetic disk substrate 16 is rotated about an axis 17 during operation of the inspection apparatus. The carriage 14 is preferably movable along a track 18 so that the inspection apparatus of the present invention can be used to produce a scan of an entire disk as the carriage 14 is translated along the radius of the disk 16 as it is rotated. Each of the sensors 12 is capable of distinguishing bumps, pits and scratches from surface contamination and quantitatively characterizing the geometry of the former while providing information regarding their location on the medium being examined.
The physical principles employed by the present invention to sense defects in the disk 16 under examination are shown schematically in FIGS. 2 and 3. The sensors 12 use two forms of light reflected from the disk 16 to characterize defects. The first form of reflected light is specularly reflected from smooth regions of the disk, as illustrated in FIG. 2. The sensor 12 shines an incident beam of light 13 at the disk 16 under examination. The light beam 13 is preferably incident at a normal or near-normal angle to the plane of the disk 16. If the surface of the disk 16 has a defect which imparts a local non-zero slope to the disk, the beam 13 will be reflected specularly according to the law of reflection at an angle X equal to the angle the beam 13 makes with the extended local normal 15 of the disk. The angle X that the local region of the disk surface 16 makes with the plane of the disk surface can therefore be directly measured by determining the angle made by the specularly-reflected beam. The sensor 12 also uses diffusely-reflected light to sense particles and other small defects which scatter incident light from the surface of the disk. In FIGS. 3A and 3B, the incident beam 13 is incident on a region of the disk 16 which contains a small defect 19 or pit 11. The small defect 19 or pit 11 scatters the incident light in many directions simultaneously. This diffusely-scattered light is detected by the sensor 12 to characterize defects which do not specularly reflect incident light, such as dirt particles or other small irregularities on the surface of the disk 16. The sensor 12 is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 4.
Reference is now made to FIG. 4. Since the two sensors 12 shown in FIG. 1 are substantially the same, only one will be shown from hereon to avoid unnecessary duplication. It is to be understood that two or more sensors may be employed. The sensor 12 includes a laser diode collimator assembly (LDCA) 20, a first linear polarizer 36, a polarizing beamsplitter 22, a plano-convex lens 24, a flat mirror 26, a quarter-wave plate 27, a spherical mirror with center hole 28, a baffle 29, a spatial filter in the form of an opaque slit, a second linear polarizer 38, a photomultiplier tube assemblies 30A, 30B, and 30C, and a quadrant photo-diode 34.
The sensor assembly 12 operates as follows. The collimated output beam 21 of the laser diode collimator assembly (LDCA) 20 propagates along an optical path which includes: first linear polarizer 36, polarizing beamsplitter 22, piano-convex lens 24, flat mirror 26, quarter-wave plate 27, spherical mirror 28 and baffle 29. The collimated output beam 21 is brought to a focus on the surface of the magnetic disk substrate 16 to form an illumination spot 40. Typically, the disk illumination spot 40 is about 22 um in diameter, has a numerical aperture of 0.03, is circularly polarized, has a wavelength of 670 nm and is normally incident upon the surface of the disk 16. The small numerical aperture precludes the need for a focus servo subsystem to accommodate any disk axial run-out, while the laser diode collimator assembly includes an output power servo circuit to stabilize the assembly's output.
As the surface of the magnetic disk substrate 16 moves through the focused illumination spot 40, two kinds of reflected light are produced from the surface 16, as described above. The first kind of light is a specular reflected beam which is circularly polarized and propagates along an optical path which includes: baffle 29, spherical mirror 28, quarter-wave plate 27, flat mirror 26, plano-convex lens 24 and polarizing beamsplitter 22 to the quadrant photo-diode (QPD) 34. Quadrant photo-diode (QPD) 34 comprises four independent photo-diodes which will be described in more detail below. Slope or tilt in the disk surface, due to surface defects or axial run-out, effects the position on the quadrant photo-diode 34 whereupon the specular reflected beam is incident. By properly processing the signals produced by the four photo-diode sections comprising the quadrant photo-diode 34, the position of the specular reflected beam upon the quadrant photo-diode 34 can be determined. Using this positional information, the slope of the surface of magnetic disk substrate 16 at the location from which the specular reflected beam originated can be measured over a range of ±0.01 to 0.86 degrees. The techniques employed by the present invention to process the output of the quadrant photo-diode 34 will be described in greater detail below. Bumps, pits and scratches can be detected and bumps can be distinguished from pits by measuring the polarity of the processed signals. The relative specular reflectance of the disk surface is also measured, to permit surface stain inspection, by measuring the sum of the signals produced by the four photo-diodes. Finally, the use of normal incidence illumination eliminates sensing ambiguity between disk surface slope and height.
The second kind of reflected light which is produced by the disk surface is a diffuse, highly divergent, diffracted or scattered beam which is elliptical polarized and is collected by the spherical mirror 28. The spherical mirror 28 reflects this light onto the photomultiplier tube (PMT). Extremely small surface defects and surface contaminants on the disk 16 such as particles produce this scattered light. In the described embodiment, the spherical mirror can collect light over a numerical aperture of 0.06-0.40 in the plane of the diagram and 0.06-0.47 in the plane normal to the diagram which, in combination with an illumination spot diameter of about 20 um, permits the detection of defects and particles of sub-micron sized geometries. The photomultiplier tube output signals will therefore consist of pulses, as these defects or particles pass through the focused illumination spot, whose amplitudes are proportional to the size of the defects.
FIG. 5 illustrates a signal processing technique that may be employed in accordance with the present invention for processing the output signals of the quadrant photo-diode 34. The quadrant photo-diode 34 has four photo-diodes 90, 92, 94 and 96, each of which produces an output voltage indicative of the intensity of the light incident on its individual surface. When quadrants 1 and 3 are aligned to be parallel with the disk's redial or tracking axis, the signal voltage (2-4)/(1+2+3+4) will be proportional to the slope of the disk surface along the azimuth or scanning axis. In this equation, the numerals 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the signal received at the corresponding quadrant of the quadrant photo-diode. The polarity of these signals indicates whether the voltage slope is ascending or descending, thereby permitting distinction between bumps and pits. Normalization by division of the signal by the summed˜(1+2+3+4) eliminates errors caused by changes in the laser diode collimator assembly 20 output power and by changes in the disk surface 16 specular reflectance. As is shown in FIG. 5, the four quadrants receive light at different times, according to the direction in which the reflected beam of light is moving. Quadrants 1 and 3 receive light along the tracking axis, while quadrants 2 and 4 receive light along the scanning axis.
Referring now to FIG. 6, a system level block diagram of the signal processing aspects of the present invention is shown. The quadrant photo-diode 34 produces four signals, each signal corresponding to the intensity or power of the light received at one of the quadrants associated with the specular or bright field channel. The signals are provided to a post amplifier 50. Similarly, the three photomultiplier tube signals corresponding to the diffuse or dark field channel 30A, the first double dark field 30B, and the second double dark field 30C are provided to the post amplifier 50. Within the post amplifier 50, the four signals of the bright field channel are provided to a divider 52 that contains adders and dividers, producing a signal proportional to the difference between the second and fourth quadrant signals and inversely proportional to the sum of all four quadrants. The output of the divider 52 is provided to a rectifier 54, that produces a positive-only signal proportional to the magnitude of the output of the divider 52. To retain the polarity or sense of the output of the divider 52, the signal is also provided to a comparator 56, which provides a polarity signal indicative of whether the divider 52 output exceeds a threshold level 58. The threshold level is ordinarily selected to be slightly greater than the maximum expected noise level, and thus provides both a magnitude and a polarity indication. The comparator output and the rectifier output is provided to a first digital signal processor 60, and the comparator output is provided to a second digital signal processor 70, both containing a peak detector.
In parallel with the processing of the bright field channel, the two double dark field channels 30B and 30C are provided to the post amplifier 50, wherein they are added together 62 and buffered 64, the buffer output being provided to the second digital signal processor 70. Similarly, the dark field channel 30A is buffered 66 and provided to the second digital signal processor 70. Both digital signal processors contain a peak detector having a sensitivity determined by an external host computer 80.
Referring now to FIGS. 5 and 6, the first digital signal processor 60 determines whether light reflected from the disk surface 16 has varied from the normal direction by more than a predetermined level and, if so, in which direction. If the specularly reflected light falls on the second quadrant 92 of the bright field quadrant photo-diode 34 before falling on the fourth quadrant 96, or vice versa, the shape of the defect can be determined. Thus, the first digital signal processor can distinguish concave regions from convex, thus distinguishing pits from bumps. The slope of the defect is determined by the rectifier signal, which is proportional to the difference between the two quadrant photo-diode amplitudes.
When a defect has sufficient jaggedness, light reflecting from or scattered by the defect travels at a large angle with respect to the normal of the disk. When a defect is encountered having sufficient jaggedness, as when a very small particle is encountered, or the sharp bottom of a pit, or when a bump comes to a point, the reflect light scatters diffusely and is detected by the double dark field channels. Thus, the second digital signal processor distinguishes highly jagged events such as particles from smoother defects such as bumps. The threshold level is determined by the host computer, which can set the sensitivity levels of the two signal processors.
The signal processor illustrated in FIG. 5 forms the signal (2-4)/(1+2+3+4) with the use of adders and dividers. Each of the output signals from the photo-diodes 90, 92, 94, and 96 is fed to a corresponding preamplifier 91, 93, 95 and 97, respectively. The output from each of these preamplifiers is then fed to an adder circuit 68, which combines them to form the denominator signal 1+2+3+4. The numerator signal (2-4) is formed by combining, respectively, the output of preamplifiers 93 and 97 at a second adder 99. Division circuit 72 processes the signal outputs from the addition circuits 68 and 99 to form the signal output (2-4)/(1+2+3+4). This output is then fed to a processing logic and further processed as will be described below.
Bumps, pits and scratches can also be reliably detected on textured disk surfaces by using either quadrant pairs 1 and 3 or 2 and 4 depending upon which pair is not illuminated by the typical "bow-tie" shaped diffraction pattern which is produced by the surface texture. The major axis of this diffraction pattern has been observed to typically lie along the disk surface radial axis. Quadrant pair 2 and 4 is therefore not illuminated or "blinded" by this diffraction pattern, thereby permitting the use of the signal voltage (2-4)/(1+2+3+4) for reliable large defect detection on textured disk surfaces.
A system computer 80 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is advantageously utilized to distinguish between disk surface defects, such as bumps, pits and scratches, from surface contaminants such as particles, by using a "global" signal processing technique which simultaneously monitors the outputs from the above described "local" algorithms for the quadrant photo-diode 34 and the photomultiplier tubes 30A, 30B, and 30C shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, respectively. The host computer 80 may collect information from a plurality of sensors, and may interface with memory or other processors.
Alternate embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in FIGS. 7-10. In these embodiments, the non-specular channel of the defect detector is the same as that of the first embodiment described above. However, in these embodiments, interferometric techniques are used in the specular channel to sense changes in the height of the disk surface, thereby allowing extremely accurate measurement of defects on the surface of the disk 16.
The first alternate embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 7 differs from the above-described first embodiment in the addition of a reference arm 201 for the return light path and the replacement of the quadrant photo-diode 34 with a 3 detector prism assembly 200. The detector assembly 200 includes three detectors 202, 204 and 206. Immediately in front of each detector are 50% duty cycle rulings 208, 210 and 212, respectively. The detector prism assembly 200 also includes a 45-degree polarizer 213 and a prism 215.
Each of the rulings 208, 210 and 212 is illuminated by a high density straight line interference fringe pattern having the same nominal period and orientation as the three rulings. The high density fringe pattern is obtained by tilting a reference mirror 214 on the reference arm 201. The mirror tilt can be adjusted once and locked down. The reference arm 201 additionally includes a quarter-wave plate 216 and a folding mirror 218. The reference arm 201 receives light from a system LDCA 220 analogous to that described in the first embodiment. The light originating from the LDCA 220 is then reflected from an analogous polarization beamsplitter 222 into the reference arm 201. This light is then reflected from the reference mirror 214 and re-reflected on the mirror 218, to be incident on the detector prism assembly 200. The other components of the system are analogous to those of the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 4 and include a linear polarizer 236, a lens 224, a folding mirror 226, a quarter-wave plate 227, a spherical collector 228, a linear polarizer 238 and a photomultiplier tube 230.
The three rulings 208, 210 and 212 differ in their phase relationship with respect to the illuminating interference pattern. They are each shifted laterally by an amount corresponding to 90 degrees. As the media 16 surface height changes, the interference pattern shifts laterally across each of the rulings 108, 110 and 112, yielding sinusoidal detector signals that are delayed in phase by 90 degrees with respect to one another. The surface height of the disk 16 averaged over the laser spot size at the media is computed in real time by the system computer using the expression: ##EQU1## where h is the surface height, λ is the wavelength of light emitted from the LDCA 120 (670 nm in the presently-preferred embodiment), and A, B and C are the output signals from each of the detectors 202, 204 and 206 processed by familiar methods well known to those skilled in the art. The length of the reference arm 201 in this embodiment is chosen to be equal to the length of the test arm, which is the light path 240 from the LDCA 220 to the medium 16 and to the detector assembly 200, in order to accommodate frequency drift of the laser diode 220. An important advantage of such an equal-path length interferometer configuration is that it obviates the need for a frequency-stabilized light source. A rotatable polarizer 236 located between the polarization beamsplitter 222 and the laser 220 can be rotated and locked in position. It therefore provides a convenient method for controlling the relative amounts of light entering the test and reference arms. In this way, the interferometer can be adjusted for 100% interference contrast regardless of the reflectivity of the media.
The above-described alternate embodiment is advantageously relatively immune to spurious interference patterns due to imperfect anti-reflection coatings on the system optics, since sources of interference noise must have spatial frequencies comparable to the rulings to impact surface height measurements made by this embodiment of the invention. An additional advantage of this embodiment is that it provides direct surface height data with a height resolution of 1 nanometer rms assuming a signal-to-noise at the detectors of 100, which can be achieved with the components described above. This surface height data gives a quantitative map of the surface of the disk 16 under inspection, thereby allowing an extremely accurate characterization of the disk surface.
It should be understood that similar interferometers can be set up with 4 detectors instead of 3. Indeed, in general, N detectors may be used with an appropriately designed arctangent algorithm. It should also be recognized that a variety of multiple detector prism and beamsplitter assemblies are also possible for directing the beam to all detectors. It should also be understood that no prism assembly at all is needed in the above-described embodiment if a specially fabricated phase-shift ruling pattern is inserted directly in front of a multiple segment detector array.
A second alternate embodiment of the present invention, employing an unequal-length interferometer with a frequency-stabilized light source, is illustrated in FIG. 8. Components analogous to those illustrated in the embodiment of FIG. 7 are numbered analogously. The second alternate embodiment differs from the first in that a reference mirror 360 is provided that is mechanically connected to the spindle motor shaft 362 or housing or mount. Additionally, because the interferometer employed is an unequal-path interferometer, the light source is frequency stabilized and is preferably a frequency-stabilized HeNe laser with a collimator assembly.
An additional location for the reference mirror in an unequal-path length system is illustrated in FIG. 9, which depicts an embodiment with the reference mirror 460 located adjacent to the disk 16 under examination. This embodiment functions in all other ways identically to that illustrated in FIG. 8, and analogous components are numbered analogously. The placement of the reference mirror 460 in the embodiments of FIGS. 8 and 9 is advantageous in that the reference arm 460 experiences the same or nearly the same vibration and drift as the test arm.
A third alternate embodiment of the invention which includes a Nomarski interferometric specular channel is illustrated in FIG. 10 and incorporates a birefringent plane parallel plate 570 in the focused beam. While the plate 570 is shown in FIG. 12 as being located between the folding mirror 526 and the spherical collector 528, it should be understood that it could equally well be located between the beamsplitter 522 and the focusing lens 524. The embodiment of FIG. 10 includes a nonspecular channel which functions identically to those described above.
The plate 570 is designed to achieve a desired shear (spatial separation) between two focal spots it creates at the media surface. The amount of shear is chosen to lie in the range of a few microns to approximately half the width of the focal spot in this embodiment. The shear distance is kept small enough that double signals are not generated in the nonspecular channel for small scattering defects. The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 10 includes a polarization beamsplitter 572 so that interference signals obtained at the two detectors 502 and 504 are 180 degrees out of phase. As the surface height changes at the media 16, due to the aforementioned phase difference one detector signal increases while the other decreases. The ratio of the difference divided by the sum of the respective detector signals provides a signal that is linearly proportional to the surface slope of the media 16 independently of changes in laser output or changes in surface reflectivity. Integration of the slope signal as described above provides data directly proportional to surface height. This technique is extremely sensitive, permitting detection of height changes as small as 5 angstroms. The slope signal generated in this embodiment is processed as described above for the first embodiment and is also thresholded to detect the occurrence of a defect and integrated to obtain surface height only the vicinity of each defect.
It will be understood that the apparatus and method of the present invention for sampling defects in a medium may be employed with any plateshaped medium including compact disks or plate-shaped metal surfaces which require finishing to extremely close tolerances. It may also include any interferomeric technique in the specular channel.
Thus, there are numerous other embodiments of the defect detection system of the present invention which will be obvious to one skilled in the art, including but not limited to changes in the dimensions of the optical path, the type of optical elements, the location and type of detectors, the number of detectors and optical elements, etc. Additionally, one skilled in the art will realize that a noncoherent light source could be used in place of a coherent one. The apparatus and method of the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Referring now to FIG. 11, a cut away representation of one embodiment of the present invention is shown. A substrate 16 in a horizontal plane is illuminated by the columnated beam of light at an illumination point 40. The beam of light passes through a hole in a circle mirror and illuminates an illumination point 40 on the disk 16. As stated above, the bright field reflection passes through the same hole in the same circle mirror 628, and the dark field channel reflects from the surface of the spherical mirror 628 into the photomultiplier tube 30A. As shown in FIG. 11, however, two additional photomultiplier tubes, 30B and 30C, receive a first double dark field and a second double dark field reflection, respectively. The light received by the first double dark field (DDF) photomultiplier tube (PMT) 30B, and by the second double dark field photomultiplier tube 30C is not reflected from the spherical mirror, nor does it pass through the hole therein, but rather is reflected directly from the illumination point 40. The light reflecting from a sufficiently jagged defect propogates from the reflection point 40 along an optical path which includes: a plano-convex lens 41 or 43, a second linear polarizer 45 or 47, and a double dark field (DDF) photomultiplier tube 30B or 30C. The piano-convex lens 41 or 43 is located such that the distance from the reflection point 40 to the plano-convex lens 41 or 43 is the focal length of the plano-convex lens. The double dark field PMT's collect light at a numerical aperture of 0.1. The first double dark field photomultiplier tube 30B is located at an elevation of 30° from the surface of the disk 16, while the second double dark field PMT 30C is located at an elevation of 15°. Both DDF PMTs are located at an azimuthal angle of 30°, and have a numerical aperture of 0.1.
Light reflecting from the illumination point at an angle sufficient to direct the reflected light into either of the DDF PMTs passes first through a plano-convex lens (not shown) and then through a linear polarizer (not shown) before arriving at the PMTs 30D and 30C, respectively.
a circuit coupled to the plurality of specular light detectors that normalizes the signals provided by said specular light detectors.
2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein at least two of said plurality of specular light detectors detect substantially specularly reflected light in a predetermined direction to provide a signal representative of substantially specularly reflected light in the predetermined direction, and said circuit normalizes said signal with a sum of the signals provided by the plurality of specular light detectors.
3. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said plurality of specular detectors are located to receive light that is reflected within a range that is less than or substantially equal to 2° from a normal to the surface.
4. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said plurality of specular detectors are located to receive light that is reflected with a range that is less than or equal to 1.72° from a normal to the surface within a single sensor.
5. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said plurality of specular detectors are located within a single sensor.
6. The apparatus as recited in claim 5, wherein said single sensor is a quadrant photodiode.
7. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising a diffuse light detector that detects light that is scattered from the surface.
normalizing the signals provided by said specular light detectors.
9. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein the step of detecting light further comprises the steps of detecting light that is substantially specularly reflected in a predetermined direction and providing a first signal representative of light that is substantially specularly reflected in the predetermined direction; and wherein in the step of normalizing, said first signal is normalized with a sum of the signals provided by the plurality of specular light detectors.
10. The method as recited in claim 8, further comprising the step of locating a plurality of specular detectors to receive light that is reflected from the disk within a range that is less than or substantially equal to 2° from a normal to the surface.
11. The method as recited in claim 8, further comprising the step of locating a plurality of specular detectors to receive light that is reflected from the disk within a range that is less than or equal to 1.72° from a normal to the surface.
12. The method as recited in claim 8, further comprising the step of providing a single sensor for detecting light that is substantially specularly reflected.
13. The method as recited in claim 8, further comprising the step of providing a quadrant photodiode for detecting light that is substantially specularly reflected.
14. The method as recited in claim 8, further comprising the step of detecting light that is scattered by the surface.


The start of Winter Wonder Festival 2013 has brought to lots of Hatsune Miku fans what they have been waiting for: the design of 2013's Racing Miku!
The new design incorporates a more dynamic approach and features a resemblance to Hatsune Miku Append's design. Personally, I think this design doesn't pale to 2012's, in fact it is better in my opinion. What do you think?
Not long after the announcement of Nendoroid Hatsune Miku 2.0, GSC's Mikatan let us take a peek at what would next year's Snow Miku look like by posting some new updates on her blog.
After a long wait, Good Smile Company—through its official Twitter account and live streaming on Nico Nico Douga—officially announced the 300th Nendoroid to join the line-up: Nendoroid Hatsune Miku 2.0!


You want an offer? Or have any questions?
* I hereby agree that allynet GmbH may collect and store my / our data entered in the contact form. The decision to publish the personal and company-related data I / we have voluntarily met. According to Art. 7 GDPR, I / we can refuse my / my consent without detrimental consequences for myself / us or revoke it at any time in text form towards allynet GmbH with effect for the future.


text:
The Examining Life
Category: Lifelong Learning
Education Policy, Lifelong Learning
My first op-ed at The Hill was published on Saturday. It's on the importance of policies that support work-based learning for high school students. Internships in high school were a very important part of my education, as were a number of the paid jobs that I had.
In my research on career and technical education, I've been coming up against this idea that academics and vocational education are two separate worlds, two separate paths. Certainly from the policy and funding perspective, we treat them differently.
Usually, the way this is framed — and certainly the way I framed it in this piece — is that students who pursue a CTE pathway are not losing out on academics or the opportunities that an academic pathway can offer. In other words, we've oversold "college for all."
In fact, I'd go so far as to say that the mantra should be "CTE for all."
Kids who are interested in academics should be encouraged to learn a skill or a trade. I think this is where liberal arts colleges can find a way to survive and thrive in the 21st century. I've been noodling on this concept for a while, then a tweet from Nassim Nicholas Taleb perfectly crystalized it for me:
Liberal arts colleges that can deliver excellent, rigorous, real academic instruction as well as find ways to advise and encourage their students to graduate with certifications in more practical areas may find that there are significant benefits for the employability of their alumni.
This could be accomplished through partnerships with coding academies, employers, online schools. There are likely countless other mutually beneficial arrangements.
BUT, that's not really where the true value of a liberal arts education combined with a trade-focused apprenticeship would lie.
It would arise from the combination — or cross-pollination — of multiple disciplines and modes of seeing the world, the creative collisions of concepts within the minds of individual students. This is where the unexpected insights to solve real-world problems will emerge.
Cognitive science is providing good reason to believe that developing multiple specialized domains is one of the key ways that our brains can come up with the most creative and surprising leaps. I think the debate about CTE vs. academics has been drastically underinformed on the developments in cognitive science. I think this is where I'd like to concentrate my research over the next few months.
The Work of the Mind
2018 was the year of the Stoic Journal. I benefited greatly from the bite-sized but profound selections from Marcus Aurelius, Seneca, and Epictetus and from the daily prompts to write something of my own reflections on them. Not coincidentally, I think 2018 was also the year that taught me how much I need more discipline in the management of my emotions. Sometimes you only learn that the hard way.
This year I'm going a bit deeper by reading the companion volume, The Daily Stoic, as well as supplementing with additional readings from Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius. Today's passage prompted a few thoughts on the sequence of the seven exercises that Epictetus posits as the "proper work of the mind:" choice, refusal, repulsion, preparation, purpose, and assent.
I think that the order of these exercises is important. Making choices is the first thing we have to do. Choice and refusal are two sides of the same mental action, and (at least in the English translation) they both seem to be cognitive functions.
Yearning and repulsion are a pair as well, but these fall more into the realm of the moral "tastes" as described in Jonathan Haidt's indispensible The Righteous Mind: Why Good People are Divided by Politics and Religion. Disgust is one of the six pre-rational moral dimensions, and its opposite would be attraction.
Preparation and purpose seem again to fall into the realm of cognitive functions. We normally think of purpose as necessarily preceding preparation (at least that's what most self-help gurus teach). But what if it's not? More on that below.
Assent – how exactly is this different than choice? Faithful readers will not be shocked that I suggest we turn to the original language for some insights.
The verb translated above as "to choose" is ὁρμᾶν. Its meaning is closer to stir up, set in motion, or simply, start. The word choice in English implies a weighing of options, pro and con. But that's not what the Greek suggests.
Which gets us to how this might be different than "assent." The verb in Greek is συνκατατίθημι, to set down together or at the same time with. It's used to describe voting the same way as someone else or entirely agreeing with someone else. Assent is an extended meaning, and in the passage there is no suggestion of someone else with whom we may agree.
We assume that the order of our actions looks like this: deliberate choice of purpose, careful planning of tactics, execution of tactics, success.
I think Epictetus is suggesting something very different. We have a pre-rational impulse, whether for or against a particular object (ὁρμᾶν / ἀφορμᾶν), which then sets into motion a feeling of either disgust or yearning, which in turn leads to us preparing for our end, which is only really clear to us after we've made the preparations, and then finally, we actively vote for this purpose (which was already set in motion by our pre-rational consciousness) with our rational faculty.
What is far more important than thinking we can plan our lives or even our short/medium/long term goals is training that part of ourselves that is really in charge — the source of our impulses and yearnings.
Epictetus says that only corrupt κρίματα ("decisions") can pollute the mind. κρίμα is explicitly a word used of weighing and judging in Greek. The seven works of the mind add up to κρίματα.
Corrupt κρίματα happen when somewhere in that chain of impulses and mental activity there is a flaw. If our first impulse is bad that can lead us to assent to a wrong action. If we are not repulsed by a bad idea, that can also lead to a bad outcome. In other words, all along the way, we have to be aware that our judgement is subject to corruption.
In the new year I want to work on finding ways to become more conscious of each of these steps in the process of forming judgements. This includes becoming more aware of the moral dimensions that motivate me, as well as more empathetic to those those that motivate others.
In August, 1997 I arrived at college with a lot of curiosity but without a lot of direction. I knew that I wanted to study history. As an avid numismatist with a specific interest in ancient coins, I wanted to know enough Latin to read inscriptions with facility.
Reverse of silver denarius, struck by Marcus Antonius in 42 B.C. to celebrate the assassination of Julius Caesar on the Ides of March, 44 B.C.
So far, so nerdy. I enrolled in Latin with the vague idea that archaeologists of classical sites needed to know Latin, and that maybe that would be my path.
I found that Latin was really hard, at least for me. This had a lot to do with the fact that I lacked study skills and was pretty bad at managing my time. Throw into the mix that on the afternoon my sweet family was moving me into the dorm, there was a fire. My poor parents had to drive all the way home from Michigan to Texas knowing that I would be spending a good part of my first semester in temporary housing.
It was a fun but chaotic first few weeks. It felt like summer camp with some classes thrown in. Not exactly the best conditions for developing strong habits, but I don't blame the fire. Other girls in my situation didn't struggle as badly — the far more likely culprit was my lack of discipline.
To struggle academically was a new thing for me. I was homeschooled, and while I had taken community college classes, co-op classes, and a variety of correspondence graded courses, I really hadn't had to try very hard. I read voraciously, listened to BBC Radio 4, tinkered, and generally spent a lot of time pursuing my interests (see above, numismatics).
There is much to recommend homeschooling, but I will say that there is one big potential downside — it can incentivize not sticking with subjects that are worthwhile but difficult. I think the wide availability of online courses and diffusion of hybrid homeschooling programs, like Classical Conversations, has largely mitigated this risk.
Furthermore, my difficulties in Latin really didn't relate to how much I wanted to learn it. I truly enjoyed the subject and the classes.
But enjoying and wanting to learn weren't enough. I wasn't doing the work. I was still dabbling.
Latin required a sort of precision that I simply hadn't had to master before. But I realized that if I wanted to learn the language, I'd have to put in the work. It wasn't impossible, but it would be hard.
Over Christmas Break, in between shifts working as a waitress at a local Chinese restaurant, I (finally) made and studied flashcards for vocabulary and grammatical forms. I went back and looked at the quizzes and tests I'd flubbed and corrected my errors.
That was a pivotal four-ish weeks of my life. When I returned for the Spring term, my grades dramatically improved, not just in Latin but in my other subjects.
Why? I think it was because I realized that while professors could give grades and assignments, I was the owner of my education. Only I could decide what and how to alter my long-term memory. They could (and did) inspire, encourage, and correct, but only I could sit down and do the work.
I found that, once I put the time in, Latin became fun — so much fun that I decided to take Greek the following fall. The rest, as they say, is history.
I credit that Latin class and the faculty of the Hillsdale Classics Department, especially Professor Joe Garnjobst, with helping me to take a critical step forward in my maturity as a human being. It was only the beginning, but as I learned there, initium dimidium facti.
My hope is that we who have a role in education, whether as parents, teachers, tutors, or school leaders, will remember that what we are doing is formation. We are helping other human beings accomplish not just higher levels of knowledge of the world, but ideally, a better understanding of themselves in the world.
We don't really know what we're capable of until we bump up against challenges. May we take our jobs so seriously that we only remove the obstacles that a child truly can't move, and leave in place the ones that only seem insurmountable.
Erin Davis Valdez, founder and principal
Here Is Where The Heart Is


3 camere da letto 2 bagni con un sacco di spazio per il tuo gruppo.
Recentemente abbiamo terminato di ristrutturare questa spaziosa casa ranch a Nicholasville Ky e siamo estremamente entusiasti di condividerla con i futuri ospiti. Sembra nuovo di zecca all'interno e ha un'oasi fantastica nel cortile di casa quando il tempo è bello. E 'vicino a tutte le grandi cose da fare a Lexington, tra cui Keeneland e l'Università del Kentucky. I materassi sono il top della linea e ti assicureranno un soggiorno molto confortevole.
3 camere da letto Due con materasso king Cali e 1 con un materasso completo. Anche materasso ad aria disponibile e divano per gli ospiti aggiunti.
Si prega gentilmente di rimuovere le scarpe quando sono all'interno della casa per evitare l'usura.
Si prega di non fumare nella casa o sul solarium. Fuori casa è permesso se le prove del fumo vengono smaltite correttamente. Non abbiamo un posacenere sul posto.
SmartTV in salotto per streaming e canali via cavo di base. Nessun servizio via cavo in camera da letto TV.
Kevin provided an extremely clean and comfortable place to stay during our visit to the Blue Grass country. It's conveniently located in a very nice area to enjoy the attractions of the Lexington area. Highlights included the visit to the Woodford Distillery, OBC Kitchen and the Keeneland Race Park. Thank you!
Place was clean, comfortable beds, kitchen well equipped, very nice backyard even though it was to cold for us to enjoy! We would definitely stay again. Does have cameras if you are ok with that!
Hi Luz! Thanks for the great feedback and we are so glad you enjoyed your stay! Just to clarify there are no cameras on site at the home but we do have a security system that is armed when the home is not booked but no cameras on site. Please visit us again if you are in the area!
We thoroughly enjoyed our stay here. The house was clean, spacious and every bed was comfortable!
Kevin was prompt with his responses to every question I had. Location was great. Perfect for our itinerary. Highly recommend this rental.
This home is beautiful. It was very clean and it is obvious the owners have taken good care of it. The kids loved the backyard. We have used VRBO several times and this is the best house we have every stayed in. I will certainly book this again when we are in town.


text:
Q: Select bars in a plot in Shiny Is it possible to select part of a plot in Shiny UI? I would like to give user the possibility to select range of bars in plot and apply some function based on selection.
I did not find any example, but maybe someone has a working solution to this use čase.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Android is among the most prolific and widely known operating systems in the present era. It was developed by Android Inc., but now is owned by Google. Thanks to the exceptionally conducive and swift functionality of the system in question. It has been integrated among the framework and working mechanisms of a large number of mobile phones that hail or belong to various developers and companies. The main reason for which this OS has been the object of much preference by a vast majority of the members in the cellular based development field lies in the fact that it has been unmatched in performance, and it facilitates potential and convenience towards the users.
Updated home screen that allows better navigation and interface.
The 2.3 or Gingerbread is one of the most advanced and swift versions of the Android OS. The platform has been updated in a manner that has been consistent with the preferences and feedbacks from the users. It was developed in response to the views, opinions and perspectives of the many users of the android platforms and was designed to alleviate and remove the minute or minor technical issues that the previous Android version had entailed or displayed. This new version comes packed with enhanced and attractive features that are sure to impress and please newcomers and veterans of the Android platform alike.
The Android 2.3 and 2.2 are both the attractive versions and are surely proficient at the tasks appointed or allocated to them.
Are you looking for an Android Phone that runs Android 2.2 or Android 2.3 as its operating system? Here's the right place for you: Mixmelot .
A good e-reader starts with a good base - an exceptional operating system. When it comes to the driving force behind popular e-readers, three systems stand out above the rest. An overview of the operating systems for digital readers reveals the top three.
By comparison, multiple operating systems can be broken down into four types: Multi user, multi processing, multi tasking and multi threading operating systems.
There are two main operating system providers, which are windows and Apple. These operating systems try to provide excellent services to the end users.
IPhone Android and windows mobile operating systems are the latest technolgies in mobile industry. Techliance is a one-stop shop where you can find experienced developers and capable engineer's team which is capable of developing all kinds of iPhone applications, Android applications.


The best solution if you want to use your smartphone to bank online. The Belfius Direct Mobile app enables you to view the status of your accounts and credit card, as well as make transfers where and when you want, in total security. It's easy to use, efficient and fast.
Not a Belfius customer yet? Use our app to become a customer and receive your free gift.
NB: Before logging in for the first time you need to register your device with your bankcard and card-reader. This totally guarantees the security of your transactions. Once this is done, your password is all you will need to log on in the future.
-you can now also confirm your online purchases using the app. So you don't need a card-reader any more!
To be able to use all of these functions, you first need to take out a Belfius Direct Mobile contract, directly in the app itself or via the "My mobile services" option in Belfius Direct Net (the online banking service van Belfius Bank). The rest is child's play!


earth_colors | Entries tagged with drama subs: asuko march!
Entries tagged with drama subs: asuko march!
Subber's Diary entry#23: Asuko Project is Done!
Another subbing project is over! Yay~!
Left pic is the mascot 'Sento-kun' which was mentioned by Tamaki in ep5; and at right is a sample of a suteteko, the favorite undergarment of oji-san.
The setting of Asuka Prefecture is actually fictional, so the drama was filmed in various places but mostly in Kanagawa Prefecture.
The actual school where Nao and the guys attended is called the Kawaguchi Technical High School in Saitama Prefecture.
'Club Icaros' host club where Aruto was fired as a host is actually a real club with the name of 'Club Air' (close enough), located in Kabukicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo's red-light district.
The shopping center where Nao passes on the way home was filmed in the coastal industrial city of Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture.
A lot of the coastal scenes and bridge shots were also filmed in Yokosuka, as well as in Kawasaki (also in Kanagawa).
Emi and Tori goofing off at the set.
In the original manga, Aruto wasn't really a host - he works as a part-timer in a donut shop.
In the drama, his host name is 'Sho' which was mentioned by a customer who was chasing after him in the 1st ep.
In the manga, Aruto developed the habit of making origami (not just paper cranes) when he was a kid actor as a way to pass the time while waiting in line for auditions.
Too bad that in the drama, the different HS clubs weren't featured, most importantly the Robotics Club, wherein Nao and most of the guys were members, according to the manga.
In the manga, Takeuchi's brother aspired to be a doctor just like their dad but got injured and instead was studying in Canada.
For the manga characters: Nao, Aruto and Hirose went on to major in Electronics Technology; Tamaki in Mechanical Arts; and Takeuchi, of course, majored in Automobile Arts.
Tamaki's part-time job is tending a karaoke joint (you know where you get inside rooms and order food/drinks and sing with your buddies).
Not many viewers realize that stalker girl, Kyoko actually works in the entertainment district just like Aruto. She's a hostess, too. It is a major fact that hostesses are the frequent customers of hosts in Japan. Maybe her club is next to Aruto's work place that's why she gets to spy on him easily.
Notes on final ep: In real life, auditions for the TV adaptation of the manga, 'Ore no sora: Keiji-hen' (set to air in the fall) were actually held last May. The finalists, 10 unknown hopefuls, were announced; one of them will be chosen to play the lead by an online poll. Sorry, Aruto is not among them. :) Nao was also featured in the last ep, getting inside the actual building of the drama's TV network, TV Asahi. The producer is played by guest actor, Nagau Masaru.
Kanai Yuta celebrated his 26th bday during filming.
During the beach episode, the water was said to be freezing cold.
You can find other info and behind-the-scenes-pix from the drama's blog HERE.
Goodbye to ASUKO MARCH~! We'll miss yah!
Based on the manga by Akiyama Kaori, Asuko March! is a story of a girl who happened to enroll in an industrial/vocational high school. Being the only girl in her class of 27 male students, life took a drastic turn for Yoshino Nao who originally wanted to enroll in an exclusive high school for girls. She endures the taunts and stares of her male peers, and looks on with extreme discomfort at the strange sights and smell of industrial work. Will she choose to leave or stay until the end?
Released yesterday subs for ep8.
For today, I'd like to talk about some of the lines spoken in this episode. BTW, I'm a kind of fansubber who tries to translate a bit literally only if I can't find the best words equivalent to the Western meaning. I do retain some Japanese words from time to time - it wouldn't hurt if the viewer could learn a thing or two about certain Japanese terms. I am still wary of using liberal translation (for more info on this, click here), and kinda feel guilty if I have to change some lines... but yet I don't really wanna explain or get into every tedious detail of why I chose to change them. However, from now on, I'll try to do a segment from time to time, called "ACTUALLY, What They Really Said Was..."
I translated the statement of the Mom about the feather necklace as being 'a gift meant to be worn next to a girl's heart.' ACTUALLY what she really said was... such gifts are given as 'a technique to be worn (or attached) on the body.' I didn't really understand what she meant by that and what I came up with was my own interpretation of what she probably meant.
I don't eat cilantro but I don't hate it either, I could deal with it. At first, since I couldn't relate to her 'disgusting cilantro' statement, I tried changing it to a more obviously disgusting food item, but after awhile, I gave up and settled for the aforementioned herb. I searched the net for topics about people hating cilantro, and learned that a lot of Japanese don't like it since they think it smells like stinkbugs.
Oh no... technical terms and stuff. I honestly don't know much about Japanese tech high school and the courses they offer. So yeah, I admit, this part about the electricity test was a bit taxing to translate. In the subs I mentioned that Tamaki plans to take up electricity studies and so he was studying up on it. ACTUALLY, what he really said was... he wants to study 'electrical wiring' and that the scope of the test was actually very specific: just 'electric wiring.' I searched the web for a better term than 'electrical wiring studies.' None. So... what the hey, I'll just call it electricity test.
And if you're confused about the studies and why they have to take the exams, sorry, can't help you there. All I know is: (1) Nao and the guys have to major in a field by second year; (2) Tamaki wants to take up electricity wiring course by 2nd year; (3) A requirement for the course is to first pass a written and practical exam. I just don't know where Tamaki will take it up - in Asuko or in another school? (4) Tamaki said he has to start studying now so that he'll be ready for it by the second year.
For next week's preview, Aruto was crying and as usual was saying something about skies and stuff. In the sub, I wrote, "The sky had finally appeared... but I instantly struggled to fly." (Edit: In the last ep, I changed it to: "..But my wings still struggled to fly). ACTUALLY what he really said at the last part was: "...but my wings (feathers) instantly struggled (wriggled)." What on earth could he possibly mean? I dunno if Aruto will ever explain to us his metaphors about skies and wings... frankly I'm not betting on it though.
In my subs, Murai told Nao that Tamaki looked 'all dolled up like a pretty girl' when he dressed up in drag. ACTUALLY what he really said was... Tamaki looked like 'a girl of quality.' I couldn't find a proper explanation of what 'a girl of quality' means for the Japanese. So I just settled for a 'pretty girl.' But obviously what Murai means was that Tamaki was more than just 'a pretty girl'.. she - I mean, he was more like a '10' or something. But anyway, you get the picture.
BTW, the funny pic above is from Kaku Kento's (Tamaki) blog. Check it out here.
Our nice Oji-chan soothes Nao's worries... ACTUALLY what he really said was... "Now now, calm down now, Nao." Mwahaha! Sorry! I'm just messin' with you! Actually that was what I wrote at first, not really realizing it, so when I read it again, I just burst out laughing... X-P Too bad I couldn't use it though.


text:
The Outhouse is a Canadian television series that aired on OLN in Canada and in Australia on Foxtel.  It was a one-hour home improvement show hosted by identical twins Brad Goddard and Chris Goddard and produced by Peace Point Entertainment Group. The creator is Vallery Hyduk and the director is Daniel Oron. It tried to separate itself from other home improvement shows by offering a more slapstick, humorous take on the genre.

The Outhouse won Bronze honours at WorldFest in Houston for Best Reality Based Programme.

The premise of the show was to revitalize the exterior of the two "crappiest looking houses" on the block in two days with a fixed budget.  The twins placed usually humiliating side bets as to which of the two houses (and therefore which of the two hosts) would win.  The Most Improved Crapper was voted by neighbourhood ballot at a Steam Whistle Brewing keg party held to celebrate the completion of the transformations.

External links
Peace Point Entertainment's The Outhouse page

Home renovation television series
2000s Canadian reality television series
2003 Canadian television series debuts
2003 Canadian television series endings

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Trick or Treat! The spookiest holiday of the year is upon us! This Halloween we wanted to discuss some "tricks" to potentially lowering the cost of your life insurance and some of the "treats", or benefits, of having term life insurance.
In the past we have discussed several ways that could help you potentially lower your life insurance premiums. This time we will briefly cover two "tricks" to lower the cost of your term life insurance policy: purchasing when you are young and leading a healthy life style.Purchasing term life insurance when you are young is one of the easiest ways to help ensure you receive a lower premium. Life Insurance companies view younger clients as usually a lower risk candidate and as a result will offer them lower premiums. For this reason, younger individuals should look into longer terms to ensure that they are covered for as long as possible at (possible) lower rates.
Another simple way to potentially lower your term life insurance premium is to live a healthy lifestyle. The reason this can help lower you premium is simple: life insurance companies use specific factors to help determine your premiums. These factors can range from age and weight to medical history to risk factors such as smoker/non-smoker or alcohol consumption. By eating healthy, exercising and removing as many risk factors as possible, you could be looking at substantial savings on the cost of your premium.
Term life insurance is a type of insurance that is a pure death benefit. That means that unlike other types of insurance that invests part of your premium, yours goes strictly to a payout at the time of your death. This makes term life insurance one of the least expensive life insurance options that you may want to consider obtaining.
One of the other benefits of term life insurance is that you are able to choose your coverage/term amounts. If you are on a budget, being able to adjust the amount of coverage and term length can help you get coverage for a price that you can afford.


Recipe will make 4 Paratha.
In a bowl mix the flour, salt, and oil. Add about 1/3 cup of water to make dough add remaining water as needed to make smooth and pliable dough. Knead the dough on a lightly greased surface. Cover the dough and keep aside for at least 15 minutes.
For the filling mix the almonds, walnuts coconut, cinnamon, and sugar, set aside.
Knead the dough again and divide into 4 equal parts.
Roll the dough into 3 inch diameter circles. Place about 3 tablespoons filling mix in the center. Seal by pulling the edges of the rolled dough together to make a ball. Proceed to make all four balls.
Let them settle for 3 to 4 minutes before rolling.
Heat the skillet on medium high. Note: An iron skillet works best. To check if the skillet is hot enough, sprinkle a couple of drops of water on it. If the water sizzles right away, the skillet is ready.
First lightly roll the filled ball in dry whole-wheat flour.
Lightly press the ball on the sealed side and keep it on the topside when rolling. Roll the ball light handed in to about 7-inch circles. Whenever the dough sticks to the rolling pin or rolling surface, lightly sprinkle dry whole-wheat flour on both sides of the semi-rolled Paratha.
Place the Paratha over the skillet. After a few seconds you will see the Paratha change color and puff in different places.
10. At this point flip the Paratha over. You should see some golden-brown spots on the topside. After a few seconds, spread about1 teaspoon of oil on the Paratha. Again, flip the Paratha and lightly press the puffed areas with a spatula.
Sweet Paratha can be served hot or at room temperature. Paratha can be kept at room temperature for about week.
Can we add jaggery as substitute for sugar.
I love your recipes quick and tasty!!
Renuka, yes jaggery will be good.
its very simple and regular recipe . i think its best for breakfast time .
Manjula's kitchen recipes are so delicious and very easy to cook and I love it so much, I feel excited when am cooking. Never miss out manjula's kitchen guys!!!!
Sweet Paratha is easy and quick to make. I've made it three times and all were delicious! Which Paratha I'm going to make next time? Something with cheese? Yummy Parathaaaassss.
Thanks for sharing I am a big fun and I follow you keep doing the good work by the way I am from Eritrea.


text:
Things to come. The Invisible man
Featured in this collector's set are two famous films adapted from the works of H. G. Wells. "Things To Come": Wells' futuristic vision of impending global war and it's strange effects for mankind. When world war erupts a brilliant scientist decides to start a new 'Scientific Order" governed by scientists. Stars Ralph Richardson and Raymond Massey. "The Invisible Man": This version starring Claude Raines in his film debut is the most faithful to Wells' novel. As with the original novel the film retains the unique blend of horror, strange pathos, sublime black humour and the ever-engaging curiosity. Includes a talk by Orson Welles on "The War of the worlds".
London Film Productions
Carl Laemmle Jnr
William Cameron Menzies
Fantasy & Science Fiction → Science fiction films
Feature films → Feature films - United States
Mathematics, Science & Technology → Future life
If you would like to cite this item, please use the following template: {{cite web |url=https://acmi.net.au/works/83190--things-to-come-the-invisible-man/ |title=Things to come. The Invisible man |author=Australian Centre for the Moving Image |access-date=27 January 2023 |publisher=Australian Centre for the Moving Image}}


Why Hasn't Melania Trump Graced Any Magazine Covers Since Becoming First Lady?
Long before Melania Trump became the first lady of the United States, she was a working model. She started her career when she was 16 years old and living in Slovenia before she uprooted to Milan at age 18. Then, in 1996, her profession brought her to the U.S., where she lived and worked as a model in New York.
In fact, it was Melania's career that essentially landed her at a party during Fashion Week in September 1998, where she met her husband, President Donald Trump.
Melania Trump never reached supermodel status. Her former roommate and photographer Matthew Atanian told Vanity Fair in 2016 the future first lady was only getting "second-and-third-tier modeling work" when she arrived in the states. Regardless, Melania Trump has experience as a working model, so how come she hasn't been featured on the cover of any fashion magazines since her husband came into office?
It's a question actor James Woods raised on Twitter on Saturday, which has since sparked a huge debate. "If the Trumps were Democrats, Melania would be on every cover of every chic women's magazine in the world every month," he wrote, along with an old photo of Melania Trump sitting in a blue strapless dress.
A wave of people seemed to agree with Woods' sentiments, noting that U.S. magazines have apparently become politically biased, favoring the left over the right, while others compared Melania Trump's lack of magazine covers to the several features former first lady Michelle Obama received while her husband, former President Barack Obama, was in office from 2009 to 2017.
During Barack Obama's eight-year tenure, Michelle Obama graced a total of 12 magazine covers. In addition to appearing on the cover of famous fashion mag Vogue three times, she's also advocated national interest issues in two Essence magazine features, twice for Time magazine and Glamour magazine, and once for Redbook, Instyle and Radar.


First capped by Falcao. Passed away in 2013.
First capped by Falcao. Passed away in 1994.
First capped by Falcao. Died in a car accident in 1994.
One player, the goalkeeper Ronaldo Soares Giovanelli played in the unofficial Pele Birthday match on October 31, 1991, but would make his full Official Brazil debut in 1993.


text:
from setuptools import setup

setup(
    name='tx_elevators',
    version='0.1.0-dev',
    author='The Texas Tribune',
    author_email='tech@texastribune.org',
    url='https://github.com/texastribune/tx_elevators',
    packages=['tx_elevators'],
    include_package_data=True,  # automatically include things from MANIFEST.in
    license='Apache License, Version 2.0',
    description='',
    long_description=open('README.rst').read(),
    classifiers=[
        "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
        "Framework :: Django",
        "Intended Audience :: Developers",
        "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
    ],
)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Order washers, dryers, coin machines, laundry carts and detergent vending machines.Compare Homeowner Reviews from 5 Top Freeport Local, In-state Moving Service services.
We Offer Wash And Fold Services to both Commercial and Residential Clients. Contact.CSC ServiceWorks is the leading provider of home and commercial laundry.
Discover our solutions for coin operated laundry and multi-housing laundry.
Best Laundry and Dry Cleaning Services in Toronto with Free Pickup and Delivery.
Always neat, always clean and always well attended, Benton Harbor Maytag Coin Laundry.Learning about the risks of owning a laundry business before you sign the lease for space and buy your.
Gulf States Laundry Machinery knows one thing about commercial on-premises laundry systems Maximized throughput and minimized costs.
Whether you need industrial washers and dryers for your laundry facility, or you need a washer dryer built for home use, Huebsch Canada can help.
A guide to getting started in the laundry industry. Start-up Industry Specific How Do I Start A Laundry Business.Sazali Abdullah berada dalam Facebook Sertai Facebook untuk berhubung dengan Sazali Abdullah dan orang lain yang mungkin anda kenal.
Doing Laundry in Europe. Better launderettes have coin-op soap dispensers, change machines,.
Speed Queen Coin Laundry Equipment is built with energy-savings features and user-friendly controls including balancing technology, up to 440 G-Force final spin and.
Find 1 listings related to Kcn Custom Cabinets Installation in Totem Lake on YP.com. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for Kcn Custom Cabinets.Information Display YouTube. Coin Laundry LG Commercial Laundry System will enable greater profits for your business by saving you money in utility bills.


Tenderers shall be registered with the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) and shall have a CIDB Contractor grading of 8CE or higher. However, developmental enterprises with a 7CE PE grading may also submit tenders.
Bidders must submit a valid BBBEEE Verification Certificate from a SANAS Accredited Verification Agency or from a Registered Auditor approved by Independent Regulatory Board of Auditors (IRBA) in order to be eligible for empowerment points. Please Note - Entities who will be submitting as a Joint Venture must submit a consolidated BBBEEE Certificate for this project and not individual B-BBEEE Certificates of their entities.
A mandatory briefing meeting will be conducted on Thursday, 22 February 2018 at 12H00. Representatives from the BIDR will meet prospective Bidders in meeting room on first floor of the Marine Hotel, Marine Drive, Port Elizabeth.


A woman was injured in a collision involving a car and a lorry at the junction of the A40 and Potkiln Lane in Beaconsfield during the late afternoon of Thursday 14th July 2016.
At 4.35pm firefighters were called to the incident. One fire appliance with crew attended from Beaconsfield fire station as well as one from Gerrards Cross fire station. Two officers were also in attendance.
An injured woman was released from the vehicle in which she had been travelling by the firefighters. A man managed to escape from the vehicle in which he had been travelling before the firefighters arrived.


The look of this inflatable advertising product is wow and catchy. With our inflatable advertising product, making more profit in your products is made easy as these inflatable advertising products help your business to get more attention and boost your business traffic. These are built and designed to be left on your rooftop for years with a changeable banner on the chest for promotional events. Easier to set up and take down than you may realize. Can be roof mounted or ground mounted.
All our custom advertising inflatables are made with the finest materials for top performance when inflated.


We recognize and the people across the US recognize that Edward Snowden is an American hero and a hero to democracy worldwide.
Demonstrators marched on Capitol Hill protesting NSA surveillance while U.S. intelligence officials are bracing for yet more Snowden disclosures. Michael Isikoff reports.
Carl Messineo, Legal Director of the PCJF, debates the expansion of state surveillance on Richard French Live, alongside Heidi Boghosian, Executive Director of the National Lawyers Guild; Jethro Eisenstein, Attorney; and Clark Pena, spokesman of Security USA.
Carl Messineo, Legal Director of the PCJF, debates the expansion of state surveillance on "Richard French Live," alongside Heidi Boghosian, Executive Director of the National Lawyers Guild; Jethro Eisenstein, Attorney; and Clark Pena, spokesman of Security USA.


This one kind of has a funky wallpaper design going on it. It is a Satin brocade with a light tealish background and a darker teal pattern on it. This one really jumps out under stage lights.
As a professional performer, every detail matters: Style, comfort, reliability and toughness. This is my second JaycKo strap, and although not cheap, you definitely get what you pay for with these. These straps tick all the boxes.
Looks even cooler in person!
And typical Jaykco quality, too! Mad props!


Reebok's makes some of the world's BEST athletic-style safety shoes, and the Full Capacity is no exception! Features suede leather uppers, sweat-wicking tailex lining, removable EVA cushion insert and midsole, and a dual-density Grip Master slip-, oil-, heat-, abrasion-, metal chip-, and chemical-resistant rubber outsole. Meets ASTM F2413 Standard for protective footwear and electrical hazard (EH). Color: Black.


text:
Category: Rashaad Penny Jersey
Season the comets sit eight points beyond 11 names
adminMay 16, 2019Leave a Comment
Scouting the Indianapolis Colts.I started charting my shots and makes and misses throughout the game."I'm faster than him and more elusive.If the players were to shoot the exact same score, your bet would be a push and your money refunded.
Super Bowl?To find all players born within a certain month and year, for example all players born in December of 1985, choose the month and year with the drop down boxes and then choose the 'Month and Year Search' option.We reserve the right to edit a comment that is quoted or excerpted in an article.Yep, the GM.Kings: Bogdan Bogdanovic scored 13 points while starting in place of Shumpert, who addressed his former Sacramento teammates in the locker room before the game and then left the arena.
That's why I've got a list of 10 teams that probably have no business being Mike Gartner Womens Jersey in your top four, but they are just sneaky-good enough to hang around in late November, maybe snag a spot somehow.How much is parking?�?Parking is free for this event at Arrowhead Stadium.The cleats they will wear feature a big heart on them that has �?EVS' inscribed inside it.Agnello's criminal activities eventually caught up with him, and he was sentenced in 2001 to nine years in prison for racketeering and arson.
To search for players who were born on a certain date, for example all players born on December 25, choose the month, day and year with the drop down boxes and then choose Rashaad Penny Jersey the 'Full Date Search' option.To search for players who were born on a certain date, for example all players born on December 25, choose the month, day and year with the drop down boxes and then choose the 'Full Date Search' option.It had appeared this way for some time, but tonight it became official: Dirk Nowitzki has announced that he will retire following the 2018 season."We knew coming in that they love to play in transition http://www.seattleseahawks.us.com/Rashaad_Penny_Jersey and we kind of played into their hands," Lillard said.Chicago has lost five straight.
To find all players born within a certain month and year, for example all players born in December of 1985, choose the month and year with the drop down boxes and then choose the 'Month and Year Search' option.We all know how valuableHall-of-Famer Ron Francis was almost everywhere he played.The 28-year-old, who now works in scouting for the Arizona Coyotes, played 63 games in five NHL seasons as a forward with the Coyotes and Boston Bruins before his career ended.
We welcome strong opinions and criticism of our work, but we don't want comments to become bogged down with discussions of our policies and we will moderate accordingly.- Affleck, a longtime Red Sox fan and a native of Cambridge, Mass., has been invited to throw out the game's ceremonial first pitch.Then came the dagger.The Missouri native received offers from many programs, including Alabama, Florida, Ohio State, Michigan, Oregon, and Penn State.Binoculars or a phone or camera can be carried into the stadium so long as it is not in its own bag.These days, players as old as Tardif are still considered prospects in many instances.
That was in contrast to last year when hundreds of people locked arms surrounding the arena, preventing fans from entering two games in protest of the police shooting.Phoenix led 35 after one quarter but the Kings used an 8 run to lead 55 on Justin Jackson's 3-pointer with 5 left in the half.He wouldn't http://www.dallasstarsofficialonline.com/Adidas-Mike-Gartner-Jersey be a bad pickup for a WR2 behind Corey Davis.As for question No.2, with all due respect, the GM and his staff spend countless hours on the prospects, and they're going to be picking the guys without outside help.Maybe we should just keep him on our own rather than it being thrown in our face and him going to win a Super Bowl with the Pats.
It's important because, 100 percent of the time, when somebody who is well liked — and a well-loved coach, in particular — is reported, the response is to rally behind that coach or the popular person.Coughlin's death left the tight-knit figure skating community to grapple with the complicated circumstances surrounding his suicide on one of its largest stages of the year — U.S.
Posted In Rashaad Penny Jersey
Tagged Mike Gartner Womens Jersey | Rashaad Penny Jersey


Different disasters require different responses, but whether the disaster is a flood or a hazardous spill, you may have to evacuate your home. If you must evacuate, the most important thing you can do to protect your pets is to evacuate them, too. Leaving pets behind, even if you try to create a safe place for them, is likely to result in their being injured, lost or worse. So prepare now for the day when you and your pets may have to leave your home.
Red Cross disaster shelters cannot accept pets because of states' health and safety regulations and other considerations. Service animals that assist people with disabilities are the only animals allowed in Red Cross shelters. It may be difficult, if not impossible, to find shelter for your animals in the midst of a disaster, so plan ahead. Do not wait until disaster strikes to do your research.
If you evacuate, take your pet with you. Most emergency shelters do not allow animals, so have a plan for your pet. Safe places to take your pet may include homes of friends or relatives, pet friendly hotels, pet kennels or veterinary facilities. Prepare a list of contact numbers in advance. Contact your local animal control facility for information in your area.
Choose a designated care giver, such as a neighbor, friend or relative to care for your pet in the event that you are unable to do so.
Affix a Rescue Alert Sticker to the front of your residence. The sticker should include the types and number of pets in your house and veterinarian information.
Ensure that your pet wears a collar with a rabies tag at all times. Consult your veterinarian about permanent identification, such as microchipping, or registration with a pet recovery database.
ESP Focus: Make Disaster Kits (PDF): The Emergency Survival Program (ESP) shares how to make a disaster kit for yourself and your pets.
Pets and Disasters: Prepare or Get a Pet Emergency Supply Kit: A pet emergency kit should have food, water, medicine, an ID tag, carrier, and sanitation items.
How to Assemble a Disaster Supplies Kit (PDF): A document that explains the necessary steps for assembling a disaster supplies kit for the family and pets.
Disaster Preparedness Guidelines: Emergency Supply Kit: The Animal Rescue Foundation states that an emergency supply kit should include everything your pet needs for at least one week.
Including Your Pet In Disaster Preparedness: The Oregon Humane Society encourages owners to keep an emergency supply kit when preparing for a disaster.
Protecting Your Pets in a Disaster (PDF): Learn about the essential items to include in an emergency supply kit for pets.
Keep your pets on hand at the first sign of an emergency. Don't allow your pets to roam loose following a disaster.
Call ahead to make arrangements for boarding your pet outside the danger area.
Keep your pet emergency kit close at hand.
Disaster Preparedness for Your Pet: The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) specifies the steps to take to create a disaster preparedness plan and kit in the event a natural disaster takes place.
Disaster Preparedness for Pets: The Roanoke SPCA shares the important steps for creating a disaster preparedness plan for pets, including assembling a portable shelter, planning ahead for a safe place to bring pets, and what to do if you do not evacuate during a national disaster.
Simple Steps Can Protect Pets in Weather Disasters: Three easy steps can protect your pet during a natural disaster, including staying with your pet, IDing your pet, and finding shelter.
In Case of a Disaster… Protect Your Pets!: Read this article on protecting your pets during a natural disaster.
Tips for Protecting your Pet from Hot Weather: Follow these simple tips to protect your pets in extreme heat conditions.
Protect Yourself from Animal and Insect-Related Hazards After a Natural Disaster (PDF): Learn how to protect yourself and your pets from wild animals and insects after a natural disaster.
Protect Yourself from Animal and Insect-Related Health Hazards After Flooding (PDF): Flooding attracts wild animals, vermin, and insects that could be a health-risk for those who are unprepared.
Preventing Illness After a Natural Disaster: Protect Yourself from Animal and Insect-Related Hazards (PDF): Avoid wild animals, wear insect repellant, and contact animal services to handle dead animals after a natural disaster.
Protect Yourself from Animal and Insect-Related Hazards After a Natural Disaster Occurs (PDF): Exercise extreme caution around wildlife, insects, and vermin during the aftermath of a natural disaster.