text:
Was India a country before it was ruled by the British and the East India Company?
Indian (particularly those brainwashed by RSS) believe that there was an Akhand Bharat. This is not a fact it is a myth.
No. It was not. At least not for real, even if it might have existed as a pure concept for millennia.
In order to be called a country, India needed a stable political geography spanning the entire landmass under one and only one banner (flag) and one and only one name (India). The regional rulers of India always fell short of this accomplishment.
In order to be called a natural nation, India needed a natural coherence of culture, language, ethnicity and lifestyle of its inhabitants across the entire landmass. That never happened, neither would it ever happen. India has always been an epitome of diversity. To be called an architected federal nation, there had to be an architecture of nationality where all local regions must had been given equal rights under the central ruling authority and it had to must have a constitution that established the spirit of nationality using various definitions called citizen rights and duties. The kings, rulers and emperors of India never succeeded in establishing a nationality. They always craved loyalty for themselves.
The very first wave of Indian Nationality sentiment came only during the British rule. And that was just that, a wave of sentiment which simply got stronger with time that eventually became a reality.
There was no country called India before 15th August 1947. There was no nation called India before 26th January 1950.
Answer (1 of 35): Yes, it was a country before Britain came. Where was Columbus to sailing to, if India didn't exist? Why did he name the natives of America, Indians? People often confuse the terms country, nation and a state. Country is a geographical term. Was India a country as defined by a ...
www.quora.com
However, if you are an Indian and are capable of thinking beyond the narrow concepts of politics such as country, nation and nationalism, you may actually cherish and take pride in the fact that,
India has always been something far greater than a country or nation, it has remained as the oldest of all the intelligent and cultured human civilizations that live to this day for real. No myths. Seriously.
The following are the logical evidence of the existence of India as a collective landmass of civilization.
Mathematics: The number system we use today originated in India, especially 'Zero'. Arabs learned it from us because they needed it badly to do business with the (as documented by the Arabs) 'Indian' markets that were rich with resources.
Science: A few key concepts in modern Surgery, Medicine, Astronomy, Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, and Technology have got Indian roots and they originated as a culture of an Intelligent civilization undoubtedly documented as 'India'.
Philosophy: I don't think there is any other civilization other than India that has been documented especially for its philosophical richness and diversity.
Mughals attacked INDIA. They never said they wanted to rule Haryana or Punjab or Kerala, etc. For example, their emperor used to wear the title Sultan-e-Hind, meaning (the emperor of India).
The British, the French, the Portuguese and a few other foreign visitors turned invaders were crazy to get to INDIA. And India was so famous they all succeeded in their quest to find new and effective routes to INDIA. Even if some of them failed in finding India, they discovered undiscovered landmasses and mistakenly named them after 'INDIA'. That's why the West Indies are called the 'West Indies' and not West Punjab or West Gujarat or West Haryana or West Rajasthan. Even the aboriginals of the now called the United States of America are called Indians. That's because whosoever discovered them was actually looking for India. Not Punjab, not Haryana, not Rajasthan.
Try getting your hands on any of the western ancient global maps, you shall definitely find the name INDIA on it, although the location and scale would be most likely wrong.
India may not have been a country or a nation before the British left it as so, it has always been something much more important to the entire world.
India is a vision. Indian is an Identity.
No, there was no country called India or there was no sense of a united nation before British rule. People refusing to accept this shows example of different ancient dynasties. What they ignore to see is that with decline of those empires all regions again became independent which were conquered by Ashoka, Samudragupta or Kanishka. This is not a characteristics of a country. There is a difference between country and dynasty.
Now think about modern India. If central govt topples today or there is political instability at centre like that of '90′s is it possible for states to break away from the nation. No…. because Constitution doesn't allow so. It describes India as Union Of States which is indestructible in nature. There is a central administration, a constitution, a national flag, a national emblem of India today. These are all main and associate features to define a country which were absent in those ancient dynasties. Lets remind people that there were 16 Mahajanpads and countless small independent territories in ancient India. They had their different types of administrative machinery. Some were kingdom some were oldest republic of world. This happened because there was no common constitution. Lets also remind people that before muslim invasion in 13th century there were 36 clans of Rajput all over India and they were always fighting among themselves. This thing doesn't happen in a COUNTRY. It basically paved easier way for Muslims to invade India.
The basic foundation of central administration was laid down by British East India Company in 1773 by regulating act. Consequently they brought other acts like Pitt's act, Charter act, Indian council's act and made it stronger.
Here are some excerpts from a book by the brilliant historian R.C Majumder.
See this
During that time, when the British solely operated as a trading company and had not yet seized political power or were in the process of doing so, there was no concept of India as a country. "There was Bengalis, Hindustanis, Sikhs, Rajputs and Marathas, but no Indian". Bengalis regarded North Indians as much as a foreigner as the British, and vice versa. Worse still, the relationship between these local "foreigners" was not that of brotherhood and cordiality, but of enmity and animosity, to the extent that the hatred "found expression even in lullaby".
Which is why when the British fought against their fellow locals, the Bengalis in important positions "offered regular prayers to God for the success of the British arms" and even went to the extent of actively supporting the British cause.
Also, see this
Another aspect of the division and hatred was the aversion of Hindus towards the hitherto Muslim rulers. As said by Raja Rammohan Roy, (who was a "sound scholar in Arabic and Persian and adopted Muslim dress and food; so nobody can accuse him of anti Muslim bias"), the greater part of the erstwhile Hindustan having been subject to centuries of Muslim rule, had seen a systematic trampling of the civil and religious rights of the populace and excessive oppression. The Marathas and the Sikhs revolted against the Muslim yoke and achieved independence, but the Bengalis were unable to do so and remained under Muslim rule, and witnessed huge levels of plunder and insults towards their religion.
So the situation at that time was not of a sovereign nation, but of divisions and fractures on the lines of region Vs region, ruler Vs ruler, race Vs race and of course religion Vs religion. This ruled out the chances of development of any nationalistic and patriotic feeling. This condition also made the Hindus in Bengal, allow and accept the substitution of the local despot sitting 1 km away with another imported despot from 1000 kms away.
"It is one thing to come under foreign yoke for the first time and quite a different thing to exchange one foreign yoke for another".
Also see this
This inconvenient bit of history was subdued by the political leaders of the 20th century (like Lajpat Rai and Subhash Chandra Bose), as by that time the conception of India had formed and people en masse were crying for relief from the British tyranny.
Which is completely reasonable, as the freedom fighters of that period were totally committed towards national liberation and independence, and stuff like regional or religious divisions and animosity didn't interest them in the least.
But history is history, and the fact remains. There was no India (as in the present shape and form) at that time, and the subcontinent was divided on the lines as mentioned above.
No. Some claim that Indians are united by Hinduism. Having fairly traveled the country i could say with conviction that rural Indian practices are branded as Hinduism but they are pre vedic practices. Even Hinduism is not culturally same across India. Given that Tamilnadu was never a single country continously(the place I am from), how could I extrapolate that India was a homogenous country.
There are two type of Hinduism: Vedic and Non-Vedic. The Non-Vedic is pre historic with simple less sophisticated rituals.
I do not believe the Claim that India Existed from pre-historic period. The Name India and Hindustan were not prevalent in Southern India leave out the greeks and others. As some one pointed out land route to current india through the river sindh gave us the name. But Ancient trade routes were sea based. I based my opinions on them few European and Chinese accounts below. I can source multiple indian versions as well. But believe the foreign versions would strengthen the base further.
The Roman historian Strabo (c. 1st century BCE) mentions the embassies sent by the Pandyas to the court of Augustus, along with a description of the ambassadors from Dramira. He also gives various details about the trading relationship between the Tamil kingdoms and Rome. Pliny the Elder (c. 77 CE) refers to many Tamil ports in his work The Natural History. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (c. 60–100 CE) gives an elaborate description of the Tamil country and describes the riches of a 'Pandian Kingdom'
Muziris (Cranganore, Kerala) and Puhar (in Cholamandalam) were major sea-ports and foreign settlements.
If The British Had Never Ruled Our Country, This Would Be India Today
The British ruled the Indian subcontinent for 200 years starting with the East India Company in 1757 after Robert Clive's forces won the Battle of Plassey, and the British Empire which crushed the Revolt of 1857. But what if the English explorers had never come to Indian shores or failed to conquer the peninsula? What would India have been like now?
These are just some amateur predictions of the future of the sub-continent, and were inspired by inputs from Quora. You are most welcome to have your own theories on it.
1. A fragmented nation
The British rule may have united India, but in their absence, the result is the presence of 60-100 princely states that co-exist as rivals or alliances. The big boys in this political set up would probably be the Sikh rulers in the north west, the Marathas in western and central India, and the Mysore Kingdom of Tipu Sultan.
If The British Had Never Ruled Our Country, This Would Be India Today
What would our lives be like today?
www.indiatimes.com
ekaputra
The great king Krishna Deva Raya conceived the east to west (virtual) wall. He strategically spread his forces from the East coast to the West coast to check the advance of the Muhammedans further south and his aim was to gradually push them more and more North and finally out of the land of Bharathavarsha. Unfortunately, his successors were useless.
At a young age, Chhatrapati Shivaji was taught by his father that Muhammedans were mlechas and had to be overthrown and that all of the land that had once been ruled by Hindu kings should once again be a Hindu Rashtra.
There may have been others like them.
Even before the British rule, there were kings who thought of uniting the country in the name of Hindu religion.
Of course, the British gave the diverse and divided native people a common language and common cause to unite. My appeal to the politicians is to not keep calling English a foreign language. More than any other language, English has played a very great part in the freedom movement and the creation of India.
The misconception that the Indian subcontinent was a country before British Raj is so prevalent among Indians, that is laughable.
I guess we are taught the wrong information to infuse Nationalistic sentiment.
The changing map of India from 1 AD to the 20th century
Battles were fought, territories were drawn and re-drawn. An amateur historian has caught these shifts in a series of maps.
While doing research for this post, I am appalled that I agree with Saif Ali Khan.
Saif Ali Khan's 'No Concept Of India Before The British' Comment Expectedly Offends Some People
In yet another instance of our national pastime of taking offense, Saif Ali Khan's comment during an interview with Anupama Chopra that the concept of India did not exist until the British gave it one has expectedly managed to piss some people off on Twitter.
in.mashable.com
British India was the unifying force in the Indian subcontinent.
Before British Indian Subcontinent was like Europe. Each principality was separate and fighting against each other. Bengal was fighting with its neighbors. The Marathas would consider the Mughals, The British, the French, or the Andras. They would make convenient alliances with others.
balaravi11
prasad1 said:
Mr Prasad is confused between History, RSS and todays' World. Definition of country varied from day to day. Hate for RSS is clouding certain Hindus who never follow Sanatana Dharma or their own father/family traditions but talk as if they are real Hindus?
Regions not countries are mentioned in our age old literature and sacred books. Dear Vasudev, read some books before giving statements.
Iyest
balaravi11 said:
Not directed at any individual. But I have come across a few people who put forth such views. They have probably have never heard of Ashoka etc and the size of their kingdoms and how much area of India they covered. It is only when discussing India that homogeneity suddenly become important. I have travelled in Switzerland where one comes across three distinct linguistic areas (German, French, Italian) all within a 2-3 hour jouney. But everyone is Swiss. Homogeneous? What is that?
Best to let people live with their views.
Reactions: kr sekar
cmdeswami
Country does not mean ruled by one ruler. Bharat was one entity from time immemorial, same philosophy, culture, arts and history. Different shades does not break up the glory of a company. AADI SANKARA, from Kerala walked across the length and breadth of our country and established Veda pada Salas. The celebration of life in lts multifarious forms has one underlying theology. Hinduism. Kindness and tolerance to different people following different faiths. See the literature in different regions of India, you will see one Maha Bharat!!!!
Iyest said:
I would not question your wisdom, but you fail the basic test. Was Ashok's kingdom called India? NO.
It was Magadha empire, and I have posted that elsewhere. Did Ashok not attack another part of India? It was like Bihar attacking Odisha, does that sound like India as a country. Please just fresh up your knowledge of English, and History.
Please note it is not called India, it did not include "kashmir" and the southern states.
Of course, you can stay ignorant and propagate the myth that there was a country called Inda before the British.
GNANA SUNYAM
cmdeswami said:
"Kindnes and tolerance to different peoplo following different faiths...." HYPOCRITIC STATEMENT. Recollect the gruesome murder of non-hindus in Orissa, the torching of churches in Gujarat, the aftermath of Godhra, the persecutions perpetrated on individuals of non-hindu faiths in souther states, the savage attacks on non-hindus etc etc etc
The Imperialists, when referring to India, did not cover the entire of what is NOW India. They conceived only a part of what is NOW NORTH INDIA.
Please note even what is NOW referred to as Tamil Nadu, came into existence only after independence when the provinces were re-politicized and borders designated based on languages. What is now Tamil Nade was a conglomerate of Chera, Chola, Pandya and Pallava kingdoms. Let alone India was a country or a nation before Independence. This requires only common sense to understand and comprehend, not an indepth knowledge of history.
GNANA SUNYAM said:
The problem is Conversions that is the main stay of the Churches and missionaries..If they declare that they will not proselytize then there will be eternal peace. Do you know that Church played an active role in the Kudangulam potests against the Nuclear plant as well as the Thottukudi violence. They played an active role in defeating AIADMK & bringing the outright communal DMK with its anti Hindu and anti Brahmin agenda to power...Why are you not seeing both sides. You are building your own narrative with jaundiced eyes!
Maybe there is some misunderstanding here. I think the poster was talking about the past history. No doubt the spirit of tolerance has diminished in the last century.
vgane said:
I do not wish to digress from the topic of this forum. Perhaps Prasad is tolerant, you are tolerant and I am tolerant. "Oru paani sotrukku oru soru padham" does not have weightage/relevance here. I cannot make a general statement about tolerance collectively representing all Indians. Admitting truth/fact is integrity.
Reactions: prasad1
"Sarukki vizhundhaalum en meesaiyil man ottavillai" enbadhu polonno irukku
A third person converts a fourth person. What does it matter to you and I!!! Let us mind our own business. So what if someone is anti-brahmin. There are always some group antagonistic to some other group in the entire world. There are anti-dravidans too. It should matter little here. It is not pro-community or anti-community which decides who comes to power. It is the electorate who decide using their discretion. It is a matter of numerics and numbers game. I can go on and on about this but it would be irrelevant to this thread. Also I do not wish to waste my precious time on this of little value.
Mohan Parasuram
Why if one takes the same logic what about uk usa or european union. Earlier india covered a large land mass of the subcontinent. It was economically rich with a glorice culture. Many travelers glorified india. Many wanted to come to india
Mohan Parasuram said:
Should you read the opening post you will see that we ascribe a lot of adjectives to non-entity.
We say that "India" was prosperous before the British. That statement is a lie. India as a country did not exist before the British. Before the British, we had smaller kingdoms that were in a state of war with each other all the time. We had prosperous businessmen from the Indian subcontinent. A little bit of Honesty will show that claims we ascribe to Indians before the British are a myth. Give credit where it is due. For Instance, Ashoke of Magadh Kingdom achieved success, Note that it was not called India.
When was the word "India" used first time.
Brahmanyan
BBC Doc Proves Jesus Was A Buddhist Monk Named Issa Who Spent 16+ Years In India
India ranks low at 141st place in global peace index India was today ranked low at
Lalit
yesmohan
Air India Engineer Had Back To Engine When He Was Sucked In, Revealed Colleagues
When Hindus ate beef, India was NEVER conquered

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Q: Implementating functional languages for the CLR (Or, papers on the implementation of F#) Does anyone know of any good papers on the implementation of the F# compiler? I'm trying to generate CIL code for a simple functional language targeting the CLR, but I am struggling with a few aspects.
The differences between functional languages and CIL are making it hard to generate well-typed CIL code. I have solutions that work via type erasure, but I'd much rather find a way to generate CIL code that reflects (to at least some extend) the Hindley-Milner type system of my source language (e.g., by generating generic classes). Judging by the generated code from the MS and Mono F# compilers, they manage to achieve exactly this!

A: There aren't many academic papers on the implementation on F# - although the compiler is open-source, so you can explore the source code if you want to learn about some specific details. (BTW: the F# compiler available in Mono is based on the open-source release, so it is essentially the same as the F# compiler available in Visual Studio).
The only relevant academic publication is Don Syme's paper ILX: Extending the .NET Common IL for Functional Language Interoperability. It is quite interesting reading - it discusses how the IL could be extended to make compilation of functional languages easier. Under the cover, the initial versions of F# compiler compiled to this extended IL (ILX), which is then translated to ordinary IL. The details have probably changed since then, but the core principles will be the same.

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text:
UWA lends experts to 2020 Summit
Public Policy Institute appoints inaugural director
UWA researchers elected to Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences
Five female Indigenous students graduate in medicine
Child health researcher wins national excellence award
Welcome from the Director of the UWA Public Policy Institute
Leading academics from The University of Western Australia will travel to Canberra to be among the 1000 delegates to the 2020 Summit on April 19 and 20.
The UWA academics (listed by discussion area), who will help Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and the federal government to plan the nation's future, are:
A long-term national health strategy:
Dr Fiona Wood, 2005 Australian of the Year, clinical professor of orthopaedic surgery at the University's School of Surgery, and director of the Western Australian Burns Service.
Australia's future security and prosperity in a rapidly changing region and world:
Dr Gary Sigley, director of the University's Confucius Institute and senior lecturer in Asian Studies in the School of Social and Cultural Studies. His focus is Asian languages, particularly Chinese, in the education system.
Associate Professor Samina Yasmeen, director of the University's Centre for Muslim States and Societies, specialises in political and strategic developments in South Asia, the role of Islam in world politics and citizenship among immigrant women.
Options for the future of Indigenous Australians:
Adele Cox, lecturer at the UWA Centre for Aboriginal Medical and Dental Health. Her expertise includes self-determination for Indigenous people and in engaging Indigenous youth in policy and program development.
Dr Christine Jeffries-Stokes, of the School of Primary, Aboriginal and Rural Health Care and chief investigator of the Eastern Goldfields Renal Project. She is prominent in the fields of rural medical education and Indigenous paediatrics.
Professor Fiona Stanley, 2003 Australian of the Year and director of the Telethon Institute for Child Health Research in UWA's Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, is an epidemiologist noted for her research into the health of Indigenous populations.
Towards a creative Australia:
Shelagh Magadza, artistic director of the Perth International Arts Festival. She has been with the Festival since 2002.
Professor Margaret Seares, Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor of UWA, has been a member of the Foreign Minister's Australian International Cultural Council and director of the Australia Business Arts Foundation.
UWA Vice-Chancellor Professor Alan Robson said it was pleasing that so many of the University's fine minds were represented at the summit.
"I am sure their ideas and input will be greatly valued," Profession Robson said. "As a University with a commitment to achieving international excellence, we are always keen to foster discussion which will ultimately benefit the whole community."
Media representatives who wish to contact the University's delegates during the summit should call UWA Public Affairs on (08) 6488 5563.
http://www.news.uwa.edu.au/jul-2008/uwa-lends-experts-2020-summit


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« Why Income Distribution Doesn't Matter in This Country
GM Employee Pricing »
Han and Chewie: The Early Years
June 13, 2005, 7:56 am
If George Lucas needs any more money, here is my movie idea for him: Make a movie about Han Solo and Chewbacca in their early years. How did a Wookie prince become a smuggler? How did he meet Han? How did Han win the Millennium Falcon from Lando? In my imagination, the movie would be more in the spirit of Raiders of the Lost Ark rather than the most recent star wars movie, putting the emphasis on adventure and action over special effects, Republic politics, and endless light-saber fights. The only real challenge would be casting the young Han Solo part -- who would be willing to try to replace Harrison Ford?
Does anyone doubt that this would make a fortune, particularly if you teamed Lucas with someone to do the writing? The series would easily lend itself to a serial format, with multiple episodes, though in that format it might make a better TV show than movie.
PS- I got started thinking about this because I saw Star Wars III again this weekend. As an update to my review: it did not wear very well. The back third from the (attempted) arrest of Palpatine forward was still engaging, but the front half actually had me squirming in my seat. The dialog still sucks, the initial mission sequence still makes no sense, and the battle with General Grievous is still just one more gratuitous light saber battle and chase scene.
Tags: Ford, General Grievous, George Lucas, Han Solo, Harrison Ford, review, Star Wars, TV
Category: Movies & Entertainment
What I've always thought was missing from Episodes I-III is a character as colorful as Solo. I'm not big into Star Wars but would be one of the first in line for a Solo-Chewie movie.
Kunal:
Perhaps they could make it an animation movie/series like Clone Wars. That way, Harrison Ford could still play Solo, and there would be more scope for adventure/action.
KipEsquire:
"Make a movie about Han Solo and Chewbacca in their early years. How did a Wookie prince become a smuggler? How did he meet Han? How did Han win the Millennium Falcon..."
Wasn't there already a show like that? Oh yeah -- "BJ and the Bear."
Chad:
What is missing in Episode I-III is fun and a sense of adventure. You had this in the orignial movies, but the most recent movies are almost film noir.


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'use strict';
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var _ = require('underscore');

var PubReferenceList= module.exports.PubReferenceList = React.createClass({
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Play it again: reactivation of waking experience and memory.
Episodic and spatial memories each involve the encoding of complex associations in hippocampal neuronal circuits. Such memory traces could be stabilised from short- to long-term forms by consolidation processes involving the 'reactivation' of the original network firing patterns during sleep and rest. Waking experience can be replayed in many different brain areas, but an important role for the hippocampus lies in the organisation of the 'reactivation' process. Emerging evidence suggests that...
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O'Neill, J., Pleydell-Bouverie, B., Dupret, D., & Csicsvari, J. (2010). Play it again: reactivation of waking experience and memory. Trends in Neurosciences, 33(5), 220–229.
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O'Neill, J., et al. "Play It Again: Reactivation of Waking Experience and Memory." Trends in Neurosciences, vol. 33, no. 5, Trends in neurosciences, 2010, pp. 220–29.
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O'Neill, J, B Pleydell-Bouverie, D Dupret, and J Csicsvari. 2010. "Play It Again: Reactivation of Waking Experience and Memory." Trends in Neurosciences 33 (5): 220–29.
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Is It Time to End That Friendship?
By Barbara Graham
Despite our best intentions, talking doesn't always repair the rift: Not everyone is able to listen without becoming defensive or blaming the other person. Feelings stirred up by a close friend often echo unresolved issues from childhood, like sibling rivalry or fear of abandonment, and unless those feelings are acknowledged, no amount of discussion can save the relationship. "My friend Gail seemed to have me confused with her older sister, whose attention she'd always craved," says Joan. "I spent years trying to convince her that I really cared, but eventually I threw up my hands. I told her I didn't have the time or energy to give her the constant reassurance she needed." Gail felt hurt and rejected, and a 20-year bond was severed in a single phone call.
Bottom line: There's no single template for friendship. Some people are in our lives because they carry a precious shard of our history, while others reflect our passions and priorities right now. Still others are in danger of becoming ex-friends because we're either too preoccupied to pick up the phone or too scared to speak our minds. As Virginia Woolf said, "I have lost friends, some by death—others through sheer inability to cross the street." Which brings me back to Sarah: I'm not sure where this friendship is headed, but I realize I still care enough to cross the street and let her know why I've been so out of touch. As for Natalie, I hope that one day she'll do the same.
Barbara Graham, a regular contributor to O, is the author of Eye of My Heart.
More on Friendship
More ways to say goodbye (and good riddance!)
The friendship quiz: Good friend, bad friend?
What to do when you're feeling left out
From the August 2001 issue of O, The Oprah Magazine.
From the August 2001 issue of O, The Oprah Magazine
Top 10 Things to Keep to Yourself
7 Surprising and Unexpected Toxic Friends in Your Life
Why You Shouldn't Always Open Up
Inside a Best Friendship: The Good, The Awful, The Hilarious
Love, Friendship and the 50-Cent Cheese Stick
What Type of Friend Are You?
How Can I Be Nicer?


Susan talks about her experience as a birth mother, getting pregnant at a young age, and delivering her baby boy at age 16. She grew up in a home with alcoholic parents and searched everywhere for love.
When her parents found out she was pregnant, her parents encouraged her to get an abortion. She refused. When her son was born, he was immediately taken away. She had no opportunity to choose adoption, nor to bond with him.
Years later, Susan reunited with her birth son. She also became an adoptive mother of two Korean children. Susan's life turned to joy when she was blessed to mother her children.


As we all know Apple has recently released their new iPhone 7 which comes without a headphone jack. Probably this is the first phone which took a daring step to completely remove the earphone jack. However, this has got mixed reaction worldwide. Some people were sheerly disappointed because of this move. A Youtuber however targeting such people have convinced them to make a drill in their phone of 3.5mm. I just don't believe how foolish people can be. Do you have anything to say for such stupid act?
I have seen that video. And I found that this is nothing but another method of getting attention from the YouTube users. It has not much proved it's point that why there is no use of the headphone jack. What they are trying to show is that what the apple marketing team is making for the removal of the headphone jack.
They have made this sort of changes with the other Apple models too. For example the power plug and the USB ports were replaced in the apple's AIR. The single port makes a lot of difference with the consumers considering they need USB hub to be used for multiple connections. And for that reason there is a lot of criticism.
Problem with apple is that they think in order to achieve minimalism and so-called style, options need to be removed. But in reality, everyday life requires more options. Not having USB port in laptop, not having headphone jack in iphone. They are just cutting the options of people. And the other companies are forced to innovate to filll in the gap.
Such type of hype creating videos are everywhere now. Till now whatever reviews I have been going through regarding this latest iPhone 7 is going more towards negativity than being positive. If they have removed the headphone jack, then how are they replacing those features? Have they announced any replacement accessory for it yet?
Regarding this video, I think the person has simply expressed his anger on this aspect and found an innovative way of expressing it.


text:
Hatred – strzelanka stworzona i wydana 1 czerwca 2015 przez studio Destructive Creations na platformę Microsoft Windows oraz Linux. Antybohater gry jest mordercą nienawidzącym ludzkości, rozpoczynającym "krucjatę ludobójstwa". Producenci tłumaczą, że Hatred to odpowiedź na aktualne trendy w grach komputerowych, takie jak poprawność polityczna, grzeczność, jaskrawe kolory i aspiracja do miana sztuki wyższej. Trailer gry, wydany w październiku 2014, został nazwany "kontrowersyjnym" przez wielu branżowych blogerów. Gra została następnie usunięta przez Valve Corporation z serwisu Steam Greenlight z powodu dużej ilości przemocy, po czym powróciła do serwisu z osobistymi przeprosinami od Gabe'a Newella. Hatred został wybrany do dystrybucji dzięki usłudze Greenlight 29 grudnia 2014.

Rozgrywka
W Hatred, strzelance z widokiem izometrycznym, postać gracza jest mordercą nienawidzącym ludzkości. Rozpoczyna "krucjatę ludobójstwa", zabijając funkcjonariuszy policji i niewinnych cywili. Antybohater może wykorzystywać osoby jako ludzkie tarcze.

Produkcja
Hatred to pierwsza gra studia Destructive Creations, której siedziba znajduje się w Gliwicach. Większość osób w firmie pracowało poprzednio w studiu The Farm 51.

Destructive Creations ogłosiło produkcję Hatred 16 października 2014 zwiastunem, który został uznany za kontrowersyjny przez dziennikarzy gier komputerowych. Producenci tłumaczą, że Hatred to odpowiedź na trendy w grach komputerowych, jak poprawność polityczna, jaskrawe barwy graficzne i aspiracja do miana sztuki wyższej. Stwierdzili też, że próbują stworzyć grę, która będzie przypominać dawne tytuły będące środkiem buntu i zawierające rozrywkę w czystej postaci. Chociaż zwiastun miał za zadanie prowokować, dyrektor generalny Destructive Creations, Jarosław Zieliński nie spodziewał się tak dużej reakcji. Dodał, że według niego film nie przekroczył żadnych granic moralnych, a osoby, które się z tym nie zgadzają, mogą nie grać w tę grę. W wywiadzie dla serwisu Vice Zieliński powiedział, że muzyka w stylu dark ambient oraz projekt postaci zostały umyślnie pozbawione radości, dodając, że nie ma zamiaru niczego usprawiedliwiać. Gra używa silników Unreal Engine 4 i Nvidia PhysX. Po prośbie Epic Games, producentów silnika Unreal Engine 4, logo silnika zostało usunięte ze zwiastuna gry.

Hatred zostało wydane 1 czerwca 2015 roku na platformę Microsoft Windows. Producent zdecydował się na wydanie gry na jedną platformę ze względu na małą liczbę osób w zespole i nadzieję na dystrybucję gry poprzez Steam i GOG.com. 15 grudnia 2014 Hatred zostało umieszczone na platformie Steam Greenlight, lecz zostało szybko usunięte przez pracownika Steam, twierdzącego, że firma nie opublikuje gry. 16 grudnia 2014 gra powróciła do serwisu, a zespół został przeproszony przez Gabe'a Newella w osobistej korespondencji. Gra została najczęściej ocenianą grą w serwisie Greenlight i została wybrana do dystrybucji 29 grudnia 2014. W styczniu 2015 organizacja ESRB przyznała grze Hatred ocenę "Adults Only" (AO – tylko dla dorosłych). W praktyce oznacza to niedopuszczenie wydania gry na konsole gier wideo oraz ogranicza diametralnie sprzedaż detaliczną. Jest to trzecia gra w historii, która otrzymała tę ocenę od ESRB z powodu przemocy. Poprzednie dwa tytuły to Thrill Kill i Manhunt 2. Jeden z twórców gry zakwestionował tę ocenę mówiąc, że tak oceniane gry zazwyczaj są grami erotycznymi. Mimo tego, uznał to za "pewne osiągnięcie mieć drugą w historii grę oznaczoną tylko dla dorosłych jedynie za przemoc i przekleństwa".

Twórcy gry zapowiedzieli, że krótko po premierze udostępnią zestaw programów do tworzenia modyfikacji gry.

Odbiór gry

Zwiastun
Wielu dziennikarzy gier komputerowych odpowiedziało na oświadczenie prasowe producenta i zapowiedź gry, odnosząc się często negatywnie do przedstawiania przez grę bezsensownej przemocy. Colin Campbell ze strony Polygon odpowiedział na oświadczenie ze szczerą odrazą. Zwiastun gry został opisany jako makabryczny, ekstremalnie brutalny i bardzo tandetny. David Murphy z czasopisma PC Magazine napisał, że spodziewa się gwałtownej reakcji na ten ultrabrutalny shooter, jeżeli zostanie on kiedykolwiek wydany. Porównał on tę grę do takich tytułów jak: Manhunt, Postal i Mortal Kombat (innych gier komputerowych uznawanych za kontrowersyjne ze względu na ich brutalność) i uznał, że Hatred spowoduje tyle samo kontrowersji. Zwiastun gry zwraca uwagę na prawo wolności słowa. Redaktor serwisu Polygon zauważył jednak, że żadne media nie poprosiły o cenzurę tej gry. Chociaż niektórzy komentatorzy zwracali uwagę, że gracz ma taką samą możliwość zabijania cywili, jak w seriach gier Grand Theft Auto czy Fallout, dziennikarz Forbesa stwierdził, że w wymienionych pozycjach gracz jest karany za negatywne zachowania. Hatred natomiast tego nie robił, gdyż przemoc to dosłownie cała zawartość tej gry. Mike Splechta z GameZone kwestionował czas produkcji gry i to, że może stać się następnym kozłem ofiarnym w dyskusji o przyczynach masakr w szkołach oraz innej przemocy. Ben Kuchera z Polygon napisał, że zwiastun to nieudana próba szokowania widzów i nazwał go dziecinnym ściąganiem uwagi przypominającym "kulturę szoku" z lat 90. XX wieku. W odpowiedzi Zieliński powiedział, że tak zwana taktyka szoku "zrobiła swoją robotę" i dodał, że reakcja przemysłu odzwierciedla poprawność polityczną, przeciwko której gra się buntuje. Bazując na liczbie kliknięć przycisku "lubię to" na publicznym profilu na Facebooku, firma została zapytana o przynależność jej pracowników do antyislamskiej Polskiej Ligi Obrony. Destructive Creations odpowiedziało, że nie popiera tej organizacji, ani żadnej "ideologii totalitarnej" i docenia rozgłos pomimo złośliwości.

Po premierze
Gra spotkała się z negatywnym przyjęciem krytyków, uzyskując według agregatora Metacritic średnią z ocen wynoszącą 43/100. Redaktor serwisu GameSpot, Justin Clark, przyznał grze ocenę 3/10, krytykując nudną rozgrywkę i jej długość. Z kolei John Walker z serwisu Rock, Paper, Shotgun stwierdził, że gra zawodzi nawet jako kontrowersyjne, szokujące widowisko.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Strona oficjalna gry

Strzelanki
2015 w grach komputerowych
Gry komputerowe wyprodukowane w Polsce
Gry na platformę Windows
Gry na platformę Linux

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home inContext Protests in Jordan Call for Reform
Protests in Jordan Call for Reform
Amy Farina • February 27, 2013
Around a thousand Islamists demonstrated in Jordan's capital on Friday marking the first protest since the January 23 elections. Protesters at the Muslim Brotherhood-organized rally, recited anti-government slogans and called for the government to step down.
"Reform is what is required. Justice and freedom and not these sham elections and deputies," chanted the demonstrators as they walked from the Husseini mosque to downtown Amman. With many angered by corruption, most called for reforms and limits on the king's power, not for the U.S.-backed monarch to be overthrown. The Islamic Action Front (IAF), the political wing of the Muslim Brotherhood, demanded changes to the electoral law saying it results in unfair parliamentary representation. Although two-thirds of Jordanians live in cities where the Muslim Brotherhood has a strong presence, the urban areas are allocated less than a third of the seats in Parliament.
A protester shouts slogans during a demonstration to demand political reforms after Friday prayers in Amman on February 22, 2013. (Photo: Reuters)
Leading up to the elections there were protests against the current political system with violent incidents in Maan, Tafileh, and Amman. To subdue these protests, the king delegated some of his powers before dissolving parliament. The Muslim Brotherhood boycotted the election and claimed that the king's plans for a parliamentary government did not constitute true democratic change.
Overall, the biggest winners were loyalists to King Abdullah who received the majority of parliamentary seats. The final election results showed that the 150-seat lower house of parliament would include 30 members from the previous parliament in addition to 70 tribal leaders.
Jordan faces continuing political unrest over the slow pace of promised reforms, increasing prices of fuel, and 850,000 refugees crossing from Syria. Secretary of State John Kerry and President Barack Obama are expected to visit Jordan this spring where protests challenge one of the United State's closest regional allies.
Middle East Uprisings
Russia's Middle East Turning Point: 2012
Diplomacy's Aversion to Power: Consequences of Retreat
Threats & Opportunities in the Levant and the Middle East


text:
Vouzon est une commune française située dans le département de Loir-et-Cher, en région Centre-Val de Loire.

Localisée à l'est du département, la commune fait partie de la petite région agricole « la Grande Sologne », vaste étendue de bois et de prés aux récoltes médiocres. Elle est drainée par la Rère, les Lacs Plats, le Rouaire, les Forges, les Gaz, le Saint Joseph et par divers petits cours d'eau. Avec une superficie de  en 2017, la commune fait partie des  les plus étendues du département.

L'occupation des sols est marquée par l'importance des espaces agricoles et naturels qui occupent la quasi-totalité du territoire communal. Plusieurs espaces naturels d'intérêt sont présents sur la commune : un site natura 2000 et deux zones naturelles d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique (ZNIEFF). En 2010, l'orientation technico-économique de l'agriculture sur la commune est la culture des céréales et des oléoprotéagineux. À l'instar du département qui a vu disparaître le quart de ses exploitations en dix ans, le nombre d'exploitations agricoles a fortement diminué, passant de 58 en 1988, à 8 en 2000, puis à 12 en 2010.

Géographie

Localisation et communes limitrophes
La commune de Vouzon se trouve à l'est du département de Loir-et-Cher, dans la petite région agricole de la Grande Sologne. À vol d'oiseau, elle se situe à   de Blois, préfecture du département, à  de Romorantin-Lanthenay, sous-préfecture, et à  de Salbris, chef-lieu du canton de la Sologne dont dépend la commune depuis 2015. La commune fait en outre partie du bassin de vie de Lamotte-Beuvron.

Communes limitrophes
Les communes les plus proches sont :
Lamotte-Beuvron (), Ménestreau-en-Villette (, 45), Sennely (,45), Souvigny-en-Sologne (), Chaon (), La Ferté-Saint-Aubin (, 45), Chaumont-sur-Tharonne (), Nouan-le-Fuzelier () et Marcilly-en-Villette () (45).

Relief et géologie
Le sol de la commune est formé de sable et d'argile de l'époque tertiaire, accumulés sur une soixantaine de mètres, et recouvrant le calcaire de Beauce. Le relief de la commune est à peine accentué.

Hydrographie
L'eau est omniprésente à Vouzon, comme partout en Sologne. Plusieurs cours d'eau traversent la commune (la Canne autrefois appelée « la Cansle »), le Chicandin ou ruisseau d'Azenière (autrefois « ruisseau de la Dazonnière », une ferme aujourd'hui disparue), le Merdereau au nom évoquant la vase nauséabonde qui s'y accumulait et surtout le Beuvron, rivière fréquentée par les castors à l'époque celtique (beber signifiant castor chez les Gaulois). Les étangs y étaient autrefois nombreux et, par la pisciculture, participaient à l'activité économique de la région. En 1791, on en comptait environ 80 à Vouzon (la future commune de Lamotte-Beuvron comprise).

Climat

La commune bénéficie d'un climat « océanique dégradé des plaines du Centre et du Nord », selon la typologie des climats de la France  définie en 2010. Ce type affecte l'ensemble du Bassin parisien avec une extension vers le sud, et en particulier la plus grande partie du département de Loir-et-Cher. Le climat reste océanique mais avec de belles dégradations. Les températures sont intermédiaires et les précipitations sont faibles (moins de  de cumul annuel), surtout en été, mais les pluies tombent en moyenne sur  en janvier et sur 8 en juillet, valeurs moyennes rapportées à l'ensemble français. La variabilité interannuelle des précipitations est minimale tandis que celle des températures est élevée.

Les paramètres climatiques qui ont permis d'établir cette typologie comportent  pour les températures et 8 pour les précipitations, dont les valeurs correspondent aux données mensuelles sur la normale 1971-2000. Les sept principales variables caractérisant la commune sont présentées dans l'encadré ci-contre. Avec le changement climatique, ces variables ont pu depuis évoluer.

Milieux naturels et biodiversité

Sites Natura 2000

Le réseau Natura 2000 est un réseau écologique européen de sites naturels d'intérêt écologique élaboré à partir des Directives « Habitats » et « Oiseaux ». Ce réseau est constitué de Zones spéciales de conservation (ZSC) et de Zones de protection spéciale (ZPS). Dans les zones de ce réseau, les États membres s'engagent à maintenir dans un état de conservation favorable les types d'habitats et d'espèces concernés, par le biais de mesures réglementaires, administratives ou contractuelles. L'objectif est de promouvoir une gestion adaptée des habitats tout en tenant compte des exigences économiques, sociales et culturelles, ainsi que des particularités régionales et locales de chaque État membre. Les activités humaines ne sont pas interdites, dès lors que celles-ci ne remettent pas en cause significativement l'état de conservation favorable des habitats et des espèces concernés. Une partie du territoire communal est incluse dans le site Natura 2000 :
la « Sologne », d'une superficie de .

Zones naturelles d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique

L'inventaire des zones naturelles d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique (ZNIEFF) a pour objectif de réaliser une couverture des zones les plus intéressantes sur le plan écologique, essentiellement dans la perspective d'améliorer la connaissance du patrimoine naturel national et de fournir aux différents décideurs un outil d'aide à la prise en compte de l'environnement dans l'aménagement du territoire. Le territoire communal de Vouzon comprend deux ZNIEFF :
 l'« Étang des Haies » () ;
 la « Prairie Humide de l'Étang de Trégy » ().

Urbanisme

Typologie
Vouzon est une commune rurale, car elle fait partie des communes peu ou très peu denses, au sens de la grille communale de densité de l'Insee.

Par ailleurs la commune fait partie de l'aire d'attraction d'Orléans, dont elle est une commune de la couronne. Cette aire, qui regroupe , est catégorisée dans les aires de  à moins de .

Occupation des sols
Jusqu'au milieu du , le sol était largement occupé par des landes et des bosquets de bouleaux ou des chênes (il n'existait pratiquement pas de futaies à Vouzon, contrairement à ce que l'on peut observer en 2008). Le paysage avait l'aspect d'un bocage, les champs étant entourés de haies vives. Le boisement en résineux, si important à notre époque, date seulement du milieu du . De nos jours, la forêt de Lamotte-Beuvron (les « bois de l'État » ou forêt domaniale), héritée du domaine impérial de Napoléon III, couvre une partie importante du territoire de Vouzon.

Transports
La ligne (Lamotte-Beuvron / Vouzon / Souvigny-en-Sologne / Chaon) du réseau Route 41 dessert le village.

Occupation des sols

L'occupation des sols est marquée par l'importance des espaces agricoles et naturels (96,8 %). La répartition détaillée ressortant de la base de données européenne d'occupation biophysique des sols Corine Land Cover millésimée 2012 est la suivante :
 terres arables (11,6 %),
 cultures permanentes (0,6 %),
 zones agricoles hétérogènes (15,4 %),
 prairies (3,5 %),
 forêts (65,2 %),
 milieux à végétation arbustive ou herbacée (0,7 %),
 zones urbanisées (1 %),
 espaces verts artificialisés non agricoles (0,5 %),
 zones industrielles et commerciales et réseaux de communication (1,7 %),
 eaux continentales (0,5 %).

Planification
La loi SRU du  a incité fortement les communes à se regrouper au sein d'un établissement public, pour déterminer les partis d'aménagement de l'espace au sein d'un SCoT, un document essentiel d'orientation stratégique des politiques publiques à une grande échelle. La commune est dans le territoire du SCOT de Grande Sologne, prescrit en .

En matière de planification, la commune disposait en 2017 d'un plan local d'urbanisme approuvé.

Habitat et logement

Le tableau ci-dessous présente la typologie des logements à Vouzon en 2016 en comparaison avec celle du Loir-et-Cher et de la France entière. Une caractéristique marquante du parc de logements est ainsi une proportion de résidences secondaires et logements occasionnels (14,9 %) inférieure à celle du département (18 %) mais supérieure à celle de la France entière (9,6 %). Concernant le statut d'occupation de ces logements, 71,5 % des habitants de la commune sont propriétaires de leur logement (71,4 % en 2011), contre 68,1 % pour le Loir-et-Cher et 57,6 pour la France entière.

Risques majeurs

Le territoire communal de Vouzon est vulnérable à différents aléas naturels : inondations (par débordement du Beuvron), climatiques (hiver exceptionnel ou canicule), feux de forêts, mouvements de terrains ou sismique (sismicité très faible)
Il est également exposé à un risque technologique : le transport de matières dangereuses.

Risques naturels

Les mouvements de terrains susceptibles de se produire sur la commune sont liés au retrait-gonflement des argiles. Le phénomène de retrait-gonflement des argiles est la conséquence d'un changement d'humidité des sols argileux. Les argiles sont capables de fixer l'eau disponible mais aussi de la perdre en se rétractant en cas de sécheresse. Ce phénomène peut provoquer des dégâts très importants sur les constructions (fissures, déformations des ouvertures) pouvant rendre inhabitables certains locaux. La carte de zonage de cet aléa peut être consultée sur le site de l'observatoire national des risques naturels Georisques.

Un atlas des zones inondables du Beuvron est établi en . Les crues historiques du Beuvron sont celles de 1856, de 1910 et de 1936-1937. Le débit de la crue de référence varie ainsi entre 60 et  selon les sections.

Risques technologiques

Le risque de transport de marchandises dangereuses sur la commune est lié à sa traversée par des infrastructures routières et ferroviaires importantes et la présence d'une canalisation de transport de gaz. Un accident se produisant sur de telles infrastructures est en effet susceptible d'avoir des effets graves au bâti ou aux personnes jusqu'à , selon la nature du matériau transporté. Des dispositions d'urbanisme peuvent être préconisées en conséquence.

Toponymie
Vosonno (monnaies mérovingiennes) ; Vousonno, Vousonne, Vozonne,  s. (chartes) ; Vouson en Sologne,  (Archives Nationales-JJ 150, , fol. 183 v°) ; Vouzon,  (Archives Nationales-JJ 194, , fol. 8 v°) ; Vouzon, éloigné d'une lieue du grand chemin de Bourges, autrefois la route de Bourges passoit par Vouzon, elle passe actuellement par La Mothe distante de Vouzon d'une demie lieue, la cause de ce changement provient de la ruine des ponts de Pierrefitte sur la Saudre, 1740 (Bibliothèque Municipale d'Orléans, Manuscrit 995, fol. 269) ; Vouzon,  s. (Carte de Cassini).

Lamotte-Beuvron, hameau de Vouzon, fut érigé en succursale de cette paroisse en 1692, puis en paroisse indépendante en 1703, enfin en commune indépendante le .

Jusqu'à la fin de l'Ancien Régime, les deux paroisses formèrent une collecte appelée : communauté de Vouzon-Lamotte.

Délimitation réalisée par arrêté préfectoral du  : Souvigny-en-Sologne cède 2 ha 50 a 40 ca à Vouzon.

Histoire

Histoire féodale
Le titre de seigneur de Vouzon apparaît en 1247. Les premiers seigneurs de Vouzon connus appartiennent à la famille de la Ferté (La Ferté-Nabert, aujourd'hui La Ferté-Saint-Aubin, Loiret). La seigneurie de Vouzon passe, par le mariage d'Isabeau de La Ferté avec Renaud de Lisle, à la famille de Lisle (fief du Vendômois). Au début du , Vouzon appartient à la famille de Graçay, par voie de succession (cf. l'article La Ferté). Par mariage encore, elle passe aux dauphins d'Auvergne-de Jaligny (branche delphinale cadette issue du dauphin Robert III). En 1371, Guichard  Dauphin rend hommage pour sa terre de Vouzon et la forteresse de « la Motte de Beuvron » (à l'origine du hameau devenu la commune actuelle de Lamotte-Beuvron). Son fils, également prénommé Guichard (II), lui succède en 1403, et vend la seigneurie de Vouzon-Lamotte en 1406 à Guillaume de Laire seigneur de Cornillon et Cuzieu en Forez, un familier du duc de Bourbon Louis II, comte de Forez, et du duc d'Orléans Louis .

En dépit de sérieuses difficultés financières, la famille de Laire parvient à conserver la seigneurie de Vouzon. Jacques de Laire lui annexe même, par achat en 1505, la seigneurie de Cansles (aujourd'hui La Grillière : voir plus bas > Culture et Patrimoine, Lieux et Monuments). Sa fille Suzanne de Laire ayant épousé en 1538 Gilbert II de Lévis, comte de Ventadour, la seigneurie de Vouzon passe en 1548 par donation à son fils Gilbert III, fait  duc de Ventadour en 1578. La famille de Ventadour est alors une des plus riches et des plus puissantes de France. Au cours du , le seigneur de Vouzon, Anne de Lévis de Ventadour, fils cadet du  duc Anne et petit-fils de Gilbert III, abbé de Meymac, devient archevêque de Bourges. Il fait reconstruire son château de Lamotte-Beuvron, et prépare l'érection du hameau de Lamotte en paroisse. Il meurt en 1662 à 57 ans. Son neveu le  duc Louis-Charles de Lévis-Ventadour, fils du  duc Charles, hérite de la seigneurie, qu'il donne en dot en 1691 à sa fille unique, Anne-Geneviève de Lévis. Un mois plus tard (), la jeune mariée revend la seigneurie à sa tante, Marguerite-Félicie de Lévis de Ventadour, épouse depuis 1668 de Jacques-Henri de Durfort, duc de Duras, doyen des maréchaux de France, alors le plus haut grade de l'armée.

À la mort de sa mère en 1717, Jean-Baptiste de Durfort de Duras vend la seigneurie à son cousin Louis-Armand Antoine VI de Gramont en 1718. Elle reste dans la famille de Gramont jusqu'en 1765, date à laquelle Jérôme de Laage de Meux (1720-1804 ; grand-oncle de Jérôme) la rachète à l'héritier d'Antoine VII-Antonin de Gramont (Antoine VII était le neveu d'Antoine VI, le fils du duc Louis, le père de Louis-Antoine-Armand  duc de Lesparre, et l'oncle d'Antoine VIII de Gramont), ruiné par une vie dissolue.

Les seigneurs de Vouzon-Lamotte furent pour la plupart de grands personnages, occupant souvent des situations élevées au service du roi. Cependant ils ne résidaient pas à Lamotte ni à Vouzon, où beaucoup ne vinrent jamais, ou seulement pour de courts séjours. Le domaine était administré par un "fermier général", représentant du seigneur.

Histoire administrative
Jusqu'au début du , Vouzon fut une « communauté d'habitants » et une paroisse structurée autour de deux pôles : le bourg de Vouzon possédait l'église, et le hameau de Lamotte, à  au sud-ouest, sur le Beuvron, le château.

Dans la seconde moitié du , les principaux seigneurs (Anne de Lévis de Ventadour, archevêque de Bourges, Jacques Henri de Durfort de Duras et surtout son épouse) préparèrent la création d'une paroisse à Lamotte, indépendante de celle de Vouzon. La création de la paroisse de La Motte-sur-Beuvron fut décrétée par l'évêque d'Orléans en 1703. Cependant la communauté d'habitants remontant au Moyen Âge subsistait, et il n'existait notamment qu'un seul rôle de taille pour les habitants de la communauté de "Vouzon-Lamotte". En raison de divergences d'intérêts (notamment fiscaux) entre Vouzon et son hameau de Lamotte, ce dernier se déclare indépendant de Vouzon le . Cet état de fait n'est admis par l'autorité supérieure que près de deux ans plus tard : le , l'administration départementale de Loir-et-Cher prononce
la "séparation d'intérêts" de Vouzon et Lamotte malgré les vives protestations de Vouzon. La Motte-sur-Beuvron devient alors officiellement une commune à part entière, avant d'être promue au rang de chef-lieu de canton le  (arrêté du 3 brumaire an XI).
Sous l'Ancien Régime, Vouzon (ainsi que Lamotte) relevait d'Orléans pour toutes les administrations (généralité, élection, subdélégation, grenier à sel, bailliage, gouvernement). Lors de la création des départements les habitants de Vouzon réclamèrent avec insistance, mais toujours en vain, leur rattachement au département limitrophe du Loiret, toutes leurs affaires se traitant à Orléans, et aucune à Blois et à Romorantin. À la Révolution Vouzon dépendit du district de Romorantin, et du canton de Chaumont-sur-Tharonne.

Histoire économique
Dès l'Antiquité, Vouzon se trouvait située sur une voie de communication importante, celle reliant Orléans à Bourges. Au Moyen Âge, en raison d'un trafic commercial important, le bourg possédait plusieurs auberges (lEcu, le Lion d'Or, les Trois Rois au  ; plus tard, au , l'Image-Notre-Dame) et un hôtel-Dieu pour les voyageurs. La ruine du pont sur la Sauldre, à Pierrefitte-sur-Sauldre, au milieu du , et l'amélioration de la route d'Orléans à Vierzon par Salbris à la même époque entraîna l'abandon de la route directe d'Orléans à Bourges. Lamotte-Beuvron, qui se trouvait sur le nouvel itinéraire profita de la situation au détriment de Vouzon, ce qui accentua la rivalité entre Vouzon et son principal hameau, qui devait aboutir à l'indépendance de Lamotte sous la Révolution.

Jusque vers 1850, Vouzon posséda une industrie textile importante en raison du développement de l'élevage ovin en Sologne et de la bonne qualité de la laine qui provenait des moutons solognots. Depuis le , Vouzon était, après Romorantin, le principal centre textile de la Sologne (en 1716 on y comptait 80 métiers à tisser en activité, produisant environ  de drap dans l'année, essentiellement de la serge). Plusieurs dizaines de fabricants de draps travaillant dans de petits ateliers familiaux selon les mêmes méthodes en vue d'une même production, et étroitement surveillés depuis Colbert par l'autorité royale, formaient la « manufacture de Vouzon ». Les Vouzonnais étaient alors surnommés par leurs voisins les « Cardeux », c'est-à-dire les cardeurs de laine. Avec le développement de la navigation à vapeur qui raccourcit considérablement la durée de la traversée de l'Atlantique et réduit fortement le coût des transports, l'arrivée sur le marché français de la laine des « pays neufs » comme l'Argentine et du coton asiatique ou américain entraîne la crise puis la ruine de l'industrie textile solognote, et celle de Vouzon en particulier.

Politique et administration

Liste des maires
 Noël Blanchard ("maire en exercice" en 1795) ;
Jacques Cauquis, 1800-1813 ;
Jean-Baptiste Ouvrard,1813-1827 ;
Armand Vivien, 1827-1828 ;
Charles Augustin Rocheron d'Amoy, 1828-1864 (démissionne pour raison de santé) ;
 Henri Bengy de Puyvallée, 1864-1881 ;
 Eugène Girard, 1881-1884 ;
 Henry Pierre Marie de Bengy de Puyvallée, 1884-1891 (démissionne pour raison de santé, et meurt peu après) ;
 Alphonse Blanquet (le baron Blanquet), 1892-1898 (démissionne après son établissement à Arpajon, Essonne).

Découpage territorial

La commune de Vouzon est membre de la Communauté de communes Cœur de Sologne, un établissement public de coopération intercommunale (EPCI) à fiscalité propre créé le .

Elle est rattachée sur le plan administratif à l'arrondissement de Romorantin-Lanthenay, au département de Loir-et-Cher et à la région Centre-Val de Loire, en tant que circonscriptions administratives. Sur le plan électoral, elle est rattachée au canton de la Sologne depuis 2015 pour l'élection des conseillers départementaux et à la deuxième circonscription de Loir-et-Cher pour les élections législatives.

Politique et administration municipale

Conseil municipal et maire
Le conseil municipal de Vouzon, commune de plus de , est élu au scrutin proportionnel plurinominal avec prime majoritaire. Compte tenu de la population communale, le nombre de sièges au conseil municipal est de 15. Le maire, à la fois agent de l'État et exécutif de la commune en tant que collectivité territoriale, est élu par le conseil municipal au scrutin secret lors de la première réunion du conseil suivant les élections municipales, pour un mandat de six ans, c'est-à-dire pour la durée du mandat du conseil.

Politique environnementale
Dans son palmarès 2016, le Conseil National des Villes et Villages Fleuris de France a attribué trois fleurs à la commune au Concours des villes et villages fleuris.

Population et société

Démographie

Évolution démographique

Pyramide des âges
La population de la commune est relativement jeune.
En 2018, le taux de personnes d'un âge inférieur à  s'élève à 32,3 %, soit au-dessus de la moyenne départementale (31,3 %). À l'inverse, le taux de personnes d'âge supérieur à  est de 25,6 % la même année, alors qu'il est de 31,6 % au niveau départemental.

En 2018, la commune comptait  pour , soit un taux de 50,27 % de femmes, légèrement inférieur au taux départemental (51,45 %).

Les pyramides des âges de la commune et du département s'établissent comme suit.

Enseignement
Vouzon est située dans l'académie d'Orléans-Tours. La commune dispose d'une école élémentaire publique, l'école Jean-Pasquier.

Économie

Secteurs d'activité
Le tableau ci-dessous détaille le nombre d'entreprises implantées à Vouzon selon leur secteur d'activité et le nombre de leurs salariés :

Le secteur du commerce, transports et services divers est prépondérant sur la commune (67 entreprises sur 110) néanmoins le secteur agricole reste important puisqu'en proportions (12,7 %), il est plus important qu'au niveau départemental (11,8 %).
Sur les  implantées à Vouzon en 2016, 77 ne font appel à aucun salarié, 29 comptent 1 à , 2 emploient entre

Au , la commune est classée en zone de revitalisation rurale (ZRR), un dispositif visant à aider le développement des territoires ruraux principalement à travers des mesures fiscales et sociales. Des mesures spécifiques en faveur du développement économique s'y appliquent également.

Agriculture
En 2010, l'orientation technico-économique de l'agriculture sur la commune est la polyculture et le polyélevage. Le département a perdu près d'un quart de ses exploitations en , entre 2000 et 2010 (c'est le département de la région Centre-Val de Loire qui en compte le moins). Cette tendance se retrouve également au niveau de la commune où le nombre d'exploitations est passé de 32 en 1988 à 8 en 2000 puis à 12 en 2010. Parallèlement, la taille de ces exploitations augmente, passant de  en 1988 à  en 2010.
Le tableau ci-dessous présente les principales caractéristiques des exploitations agricoles de Vouzon, observées sur une période de  :

Produits labellisés
Le territoire de la commune est intégré aux aires de productions de divers produits bénéficiant d'une indication géographique protégée (IGP) : le vin Val-de-loire, les volailles de l'Orléanais et les volailles du Berry.

Culture et patrimoine

Lieux et monuments

Voies

Église

L'église Saint-Pierre, édifiée en 1104, est classée au titre des monuments historiques depuis 1989. Elle fait partie du groupement paroissial de Lamotte-Beuvron, au sein du doyenné de Sologne dans le diocèse de Blois.

Cimetière

Au Moyen Âge, le cimetière occupait la place de l'Église actuelle (des ossements ont été retrouvés lors de travaux). Il est assuré qu'il était situé à son emplacement actuel, au nord du bourg, au début du , et probablement dès le . La croix hosannière au fût monolithique (restaurée en 2001) provient peut-être du cimetière primitif. Le portail monumental de maçonnerie semble antérieur à la Révolution, mais le champ de repos était alors entouré de haies. Les murs actuels ont été construits de 1861 à 1864 et intégralement payés par Charles Rocheron d'Amoy, maire de la commune de 1828 à 1864, comme le rappelle le texte de la plaque apposée au-dessus de la grille d'entrée :
A Mr Charles Augustin Rocheron vicomte d'Amoy, la commune reconnaissante, pour sa longue administration municipale et pour la construction, à ses frais, des murs du cimetière, terminés en .

Presbytère
Vouzon possédait un vaste presbytère, doté de 3 hectares de dépendances d'un seul tenant (dont pièce d'eau, charmille, jardin, verger, vigne, etc.), qui entra dans le patrimoine communal à la Révolution. En 1985, des travaux de restauration ont mis au jour une série de poutres peintes paraissant dater du début du . L'ensemble de ces peintures a été classé au titre des monuments historiques par arrêté du  et restaurées par un spécialiste en septembre-.

Cet ensemble se compose de deux poutres maîtresses de  et de 35 solives. Les solives sont décorées d'éléments floraux stylisés (tulipes, feuilles de vigne) et de branchages entrelacés, peints au pochoir.

Les deux grosses poutres présentent :
 sur la première : une scène de chasse au chevreuil, trois tableaux champêtres, deux vues urbaines, une scène de duel, une scène de bataille, un pont fortifié sur un fleuve, un château-fort, une scène de chasse à courre ;
 sur la seconde : une chasse au lion, deux scènes champêtres, un village et son église, une chasse au sanglier, des artistes, une ville fortifiée rappelant celles de Frandre au , une chasse au lièvre.

En l'état actuel des connaissances, on ignore tout des circonstances de réalisation de cet ensemble. Le bâtiment paraît avoir été construit au . On sait qu'il fut restauré vers 1810, puis en 1873, mais aucun document relatif à ces travaux ne mentionne ces peintures. Ce presbytère fut d'abord, semble-t-il, une vaste maison particulière, probablement propriété d'un riche négociant, peut-être marchand de moutons comme il en existait alors plusieurs à Vouzon au . Le curé de Vouzon ne s'installa en ces lieux qu'à la fin du  au plus tôt. Les peintures sont antérieures à la transformation de ce bâtiment en maison curiale, et elles ont peut-être été masquées à cette époque, car certaines, jugées violentes (chasse, guerre) ou « indécentes » (distractions profanes) étaient en contradiction avec un idéal de vie ecclésiastique.

Château de la Grillère
Succédant au siège de la seigneurie de Cansles, le château de la Grillère fut construit au , et remanié au . Il eut pour propriétaires François de Beauharnais, lieutenant général du bailliage d'Orléans au , ancêtre maternel de Napoléon III ; le comte de Choiseul-Gouffier, ambassadeur de France à Constantinople à la veille de la Révolution ; l'empereur Napoléon III de 1852 à 1870.

Château d'Amoy Trégy
Résidence privée de la famille de Saint-Pol.

Mairie

Avant 1857, Vouzon ne possède pas de mairie appartenant en propre à la commune : une maison particulière est louée à cette fin, et elle sert également d'école. En 1857 la commune achète une ancienne auberge de la Grande Rue, existant déjà au , la Maison de l'Ecu, et y établit la mairie et l'école de garçons. Après des années de débats et de polémiques, la mairie actuelle (ainsi que l'école de garçons de l'époque) est construite en 1882-1883 sur un terrain distrait de celui du presbytère voisin, et inaugurée le .

Fêtes et festivals
 Chaque année le  au soir, pour la fête d'Halloween, un parc boisé décoré pour l'occasion ouvre ses portes et propose une balade effrayante.

Personnalités liées à la commune
 Napoléon III (1808-1873), empereur des Français. Appartenant du côté de sa mère à la famille d'origine orléanaise des Beauharnais, propriétaires du château de la Grillière aux , Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, devenu président de la Seconde République, rachète ce château et ses  de dépendances le , auxquels il ajoute, par un second achat du  suivant, les  du château de Lamotte-Beuvron. Devenu empereur sous le nom de Napoléon III, il ne se rend que trois fois sur ses terres de Vouzon, et pour quelques heures seulement, en ,  et en . Il ne se désintéresse cependant pas d'une commune dont il est un des principaux propriétaires, et contribue, sur sa cassette personnelle, à l'amélioration de la vie municipale, notamment par le financement de la restauration de l'église, l'achat d'une pompe à incendie et l'équipement d'un corps de sapeurs-pompiers. Napoléon III fait de la ferme de Misabran, du domaine de la Grillière, une "ferme-école" destinée à donner l'exemple pour l'amélioration de l'agriculture en Sologne.
 Louis Blériot (1872-1936), ingénieur, industriel, pionnier de l'aviation et célèbre aviateur ayant réalisé la première traversée de la Manche le  sur un prototype mis au point par ses soins. En 1904, Louis Blériot achète à Vouzon une partie de la Tabardière, où il fait construire le château de Sainte-Marie avec les revenus de son entreprise de fabrication de phares à acétylène pour automobiles. Il est élu conseiller municipal de Vouzon le , mais il participe peu à la vie municipale. En 1907, il revend sa propriété de Sainte-Marie pour financer ses recherches sur trois nouveaux prototypes (les Blériot IX, X et XI). En effet, depuis la fin de son association avec Gabriel Voisin, les revenus de son entreprise sont insuffisants pour couvrir les frais de ses nouvelles recherches aéronautiques. Sa retentissante réussite de la traversée de la Manche () lui apporte la gloire et met fin à ses difficultés financières, mais il n'a alors plus de liens avec Vouzon.
 Au début des années 1910, Louis Blériot achète la propriété de Bouchetault, sur la commune de Chaumont-sur-Tharonne, limitrophe de Vouzon. En 1915, alors qu'il se rend à sa propriété, une panne d'essence l'oblige à se poser dans un champ à Vouzon.
 Georges Claude (1870-1960), chimiste et physicien, inventeur du procédé de liquéfaction de l'air en 1902 et fondateur de la société industrielle L'Air liquide en 1902. Il vécut au château de Chenay pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, qu'il quitta bientôt pour habiter celui de Beuvronne, à La Ferté-Saint-Aubin.
 Pierre-Alain Volondat (né à Vouzon le , à la Gare), pianiste et compositeur. Il commence à étudier le piano à l'âge de 7 ans. En raison de progrès fulgurants dans l'étude de cet instrument, il entre très vite au Conservatoire d'Orléans, puis en 1979 au Conservatoire supérieur de Musique de Paris où il obtient les premiers prix de piano, de musique de chambre et d'harmonie. En 1983, à 20 ans, il se présente au Concours musical international Reine-Élisabeth-de-Belgique, et y remporte à la fois le premier prix de piano, le prix Reine Fabiola, et la médaille de vermeil, un fait unique dans les annales de ce concours prestigieux.

Galerie photographique

Voir aussi

Article connexe
 Liste des communes de Loir-et-Cher

Bibliographie

 Guillebon (Didier de), L'Église et la paroisse de Vouzon au péril des siècles, s.l.n.d [2011], 174 pages.
 Poitou (Christian), En Sologne sous l'Ancien Régime. Vouzon et Lamotte-Beuvron de 1500 à 1790, Orléans, 2011, 828 pages.

Liens externes
 Vouzon sur le site de l'Insee
 Site Officiel de la commune de Vouzon

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Commune en Loir-et-Cher
Commune en Sologne
Aire d'attraction d'Orléans


Eric Van Loon brings years of experience to every resolution. A full-time dispute resolution professional since 1989, he has more than 20,000 hours of experience in 42 states and eight countries as a mediator, arbitrator, speaker, and trainer in complex, multi-party, high-stakes disputes and is listed in "Best Lawyers in America" for Alternative Dispute Resolution.
Van Loon has resolved many construction-related claims involving all types of structures, all types of parties, and all types of issues including contract interpretation and insurance coverage. Examples include contractors, subcontractors, architects, engineers, equipment manufacturers and sellers, and insurance and reinsurance carriers. Projects include commercial developments, power plants, wastewater treatment plants, highway projects, parking structures, sewer lines, housing and condominium projects, and individual residences.
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$400 Million NFL Football Stadium. Chaired arbitration panel addressing Detroit Lions' Ford Stadium E&O professional liability insurance issue.
$50 Million Power Plant Cost Overrun Claim. Dispute between owner and international contractor, 20+ subs, and engineering firms. Issues included delay claims, subsurface surprises, fuel storage, and budgetary limitations on a fixed-price contract.
Prestige Tenant in Commercial Development. Resolved dispute between a large developer landlord and a prestigious manufacturer/retailer tenant. Issues included substantial completion certificate, force majeure, standards for building maintenance and HVAC performance, equipment heat loads, and other long-term occupancy issues.
20-Site Highway Project. Dispute between construction company, subcontractor, and surety company over payments under a 20-site highway project contract. Issues included other subs conduct, factual specifics of multiple claims, and surety specification compliance.
HVAC System in Multiple-Unit Housing. Dispute with engineering company over design and construction of heating system for multi-unit housing. Issues included engineer versus contractor responsibility, whether a professional liability or a contract case, nature of reviewing expert's report, and value added during subsequent reconstruction.
Luxury Urban Hotel. Resolved owner-developer-architect-contractor dispute over design and construction and municipal approvals for high-profile, prime location, luxury hotel.
Municipal Sewer Lining Project. Dispute between a municipality, construction management firm, and contractor regarding replacement lining for miles of underground sewer lines.
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility. Settled seven-party dispute with contractors, subs, engineering firms, equipment manufacturer, and retailer re design/construction/operation of a state-of-the-art water treatment plant. Issues included causation, prior remediation.
New Building Construction. Owner-contractor cost overrun dispute. Issues of subsurface conditions at variance with bidding documents and site building code requirements.
New England Waterfront Storm Resistance. Resolved dispute between owner and contractors regarding foul weather tightness of new shorefront construction.
Shopping Mall Developer - Contractor Dispute over contract termination. Issues included allocation of responsibility for delays, permits and disposal, and winter weather impact.
Tunneling Equipment. Settled dispute between contractor and manufacturer of specialized equipment regarding responsibility for delay resulting from equipment failure.


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text:
é o composto orgânico, corante azo-composto, de fórmula C31H20N6Na2O9S e massa  molecular 698,57. Classificado com o número CAS 16071-86-6, C.I. 30145 e CBNumber CB6875055. Na forma de complexo de cobre possui a fórmula C31H18CuN6O9S.2Na.

Obtenção
É obtido por dupla nitretação da 4-(4-aminofenil)benzenamina, primeiramente copulada com ácido 2-hidroxibenzoico, e então diazotação de ácido 3-amino-4-hidroxibenzenossulfônico, e copulação com resorcinol, na forma de complexo de cobre  de compostos de nitrogênio individuais acidentalmente acoplados.

Uso
Aplica-se em  tingimento de fibra de celulose, com maior afinidade na temperatura de 100 ℃, com íons de cobre e ferro causando ligeira descoloração.

Ver também

 Castanho direto 100
 Vermelho direto 99

Corantes
Fenóis
Ácidos carboxílicos
Sulfonatos
Azocompostos
Aminas


Curbs On Foreign Workers Hit Hoteliers!
The rules and regulations that restrict the number of foreign workers in a firm in the city state have come in for a challenge from the tourism and hospitality industry. Hoteliers in particular say the limited number is cutting down the room for growth. They want the curbs to be removed so they can flourish when the conditions are conducive such as at present when Singapore is becoming a hub for global meets.
The employers here are incensed by the fact that they will have to pay higher levies if they have to have foreign workers. This has stymied the entry of foreign workers who are to pay usurious amounts to agents to find a job in Singapore in the first place. This plus the levy on employers is further factor that is proving a bottleneck.
The entry of foreign workers has come into prominence with the chief executive of a leading hotel voicing his concern over the levy that is putting paid to chances of growth of the hospitality industry.


Since markets have already acknowledged reality by driving down the value of the banks' share prices, a settlement with much larger penalties, principal write downs, and even some prison sentences would actually be good for the banking industry because it would provide a fresh start with honest books. We could get beyond the "Japan" phase of this crisis, where the Fed has to keep pumping in trillions of dollars to disguise the real weakness of the economy and the banking industry.
If Kuttner is right and there can be accountability on the scale requisite by the extend of criminal behavior by banks, then the side effect of this will be that we can finally do what should have been done in late 2008 and early 2009 – rebuilding the banking system with stability, not can-kicking – in mind.


Photographic art by Doris Diamond; guidebook by Susan Starr and Doris Diamond.
Gaia, or Mother Earth, is our home. In this collection of 40 photographic art cards based on the natural world, each card combines two or three nature photographs forming a new, unique image full of color and vibrancy. This rich layering offers nuances of meaning that change every time you view a card. Use the cards as an oracle, a poetic guidebook, or as inspiration for prayers, poetry, story or song, drawing, painting, or sculpting. By meditating on the cards, you can use Gaia's wisdom to spark your own intuition. Listen to Gaia speaking through these beautiful cards and you'll find the answers you seek!
The slider below shows a sampling of the cards. To view the messages associated with each card, please visit The Messages page.
To purchase, please visit Where to Buy Cards.
I'm so delighted with the finished product. The cards are breath-taking! They come from the heart of an enlightened woman! I haven't read the accompanying work by Susan but i'm certain it is wonderful!
Thanks so much for stopping by and letting us know you are enjoying the cards. Have fun!


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My name is Marko Kojić. I was born 1985. in Belgrade, Serbia. I'm electrical and computer engineer, Specialist of Applied Studies, currently on postgraduate studies in electrical engineering, at the Department of Computer Engineering at School of Electrical and Computer Engineering of Applied Studies Belgrade.
I am working full time as a leading engineer for IT infrastructure in Electric Power Industry of Serbia, largest company in the Republic of Serbia. I like to spend my free time with my family, my daughter and my wife. Part of my free time I decided to dedicate myself to Freelancing with the desire to help companies with their knowledge and experience to maintain and elevate to a higher level of IT infrastructure.


text:
Q: Access variable outside a function in Node js var count=0;
function test2(callback) {

db.doc("Kerala/Pathanamthitta")
.listCollections()
.then((snap) => {
  snap.forEach((collection) => {
    var col = collection.id;
    db.collection(`Kerala/Pathanamthitta/${col}`)
      .where("completionStatus", "<", 3)
      .get()
      .then((snapshot) => {
        snapshot.forEach((doc) => {
          var data = doc.data();
          console.log(data.place);
          if (data.completionStatus == 0) count++;
        });
      });
  });
})
.then(callback);
}
test2(function () {
 console.log(count);
});

I want to print the final count after the execution of test2 function. It prints the statement but always 0, even if any updation happens inside function test2. I tried to do a callback() but still the same happens
Please help. Thanks in advance

A: You're misunderstanding how asynchronous functions and promise chains works. You're calling a promise chain and the callback right after each other.
db.doc(...)...
callback()

This ends up executing like so:
db.doc
callback
db.doc.then

at this point you have called callback BEFORE the resolution of the promise chain. You want to put the callback in the promise chain so that it is delayed until after all of that has finished. A good spot would be in another promise chain after the outer loop for a single log of the eventual count.
...
.then(snap => {
  snap.forEach(collection => {...});
})
.then(callback);
...

This way after you've finished going over all of the snaps and finished counting the snapshots you'll print out the count in the correct order after both traversals.
BUT WAIT it's still printing 0. Why is that? Well we're not properly chaining our promises. We'll need to make sure that any promises we create in a promise properly chain so that when we do get to the logging step we've got a proper chain going.
Full code:
var count = 0;
function test2(callback) {
  db.doc("Kerala/Pathanamthitta")
    .listCollections()
    .then((snap) => {
      return Promise.all(
        snap.map((collection) => {
          var col = collection.id;
          return db
            .collection(`Kerala/Pathanamthitta/${col}`)
            .where("completionStatus", "<", 3)
            .get()
            .then((snapshot) => {
              return Promise.all(
                snapshot.map((doc) => {
                  var data = doc.data();
                  console.log(data.place);
                  if (data.completionStatus == 0) count++;
                })
              );
            });
        })
      );
    })
    .then(callback);
}
test2(function () {
  console.log(count);
});

A: As per my comment, you could just make a function call after you're done counting.
//content above
snapshot.forEach(doc => {
  var data = doc.data();
  console.log(data.place);
  if (data.completionStatus == 0) count++;
});
functionTwo(count);
// content below

functionTwo(count) {
  console.log(count);
}


COME MAKE HAPPY MUSIC WITH US in one of the most beautiful places in the world! We invite you to join us as we create a musical community surrounded by this wild and beautiful coastline. We will strum and sing through sunny days and starry nights next to crackling beach bonfires. Over the weekend you will improve your ukulele skills and expand your musical universe.
MEALS: Our healthy cuisine will reflect what is seasonal to our local coastal area. Farmers in our food-shed are already planting veggies and fishermen will be providing us with special, fresh catches from our local waters! We place a special emphasis on extraordinarily delicious and sustainable foods.
We will be able to meet your special diet needs, please send your requests to Melany Berry.
CROSSING TO THE SITE: Westwind is only approachable by water on our ferry. Please arrive at 12:30pm on Friday September 20 to park your car, unload your gear and join the Ukulele jam Down by the Riverside. (Please contact event Melany Berry regarding alternative transportation to the site if the crossing at Friday September 20, 2019 is not possible for you) We will e-mail all registered participants an equipment list to ensure a comfortable weekend at the coast.
For answers to any questions you might have and additional information on the event, its workshops or the site and accomodations-meals please call Melany Berry at Full Heart Productions: 206 697 0434 melany@fullheartproductions.com.
DRIVING DIRECTIONS: Westwind is 50 miles due West of Salem Oregon. Proceed to Hwy 18 heading Southwest from either Mc Minnville or the junction of Hwy 22 from Salem; continue on 18 to where it meets Hwy 101 just north of Lincoln City. Take the Hwy 101 exit North to Tillamook. Cross over the Salmon River Bridge and 1 mile later take a left on Three Rocks Road. (Look for Westwind and UKE EVENT signs) Proceed 2.5 miles to a tee in the road where you will take a left. 150 yards later turn left into Knight County Park. Please carpool!
Please plan on arriving at 12:30 pm in order to unload, park and play some Tunes beside the Salmon River. Our ferry to Westwind will be leaving from the Knight Park dock.
Remember tides wait for no one, so please be on time for the crossing!