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Greasepaint And Horsehair: How 'Ma Rainey's Black Bottom's Makeup & Hair Designers Captured Essence Of A Trailblazing Blues Singer And Her World
Bart & Fleming: Why Does The Press Keep Lathering Ryan Kavanaugh's Bum After Relativity Wreckage?
August 9, 2015 7:47am
Peter Bart and Mike Fleming Jr. worked together for two decades at Daily Variety. In this weekly column, two old friends get together and grind their axes, mostly on the movie business.
FLEMING: I feel the need to start off with Ryan Kavanaugh. Has a snake oil salesman been treated as lovingly by the press as this guy? I read THR's long interview with Kavanaugh where he takes zero responsibility for years of futility, failing to the point where his outstanding debts are more than twice what his company's worth. The Wrap's Sharon Waxman invites us to mourn the loss of a great studio. WTF? What am I missing? Now, I'll admit Kavanaugh is personable with a puppy dog-like affability, but is that enough to get him better press than someone like Mike Ovitz when he went down? Even you have a column coming up in Variety where you explain that you like Kavanaugh and feel sympathy. Please explain.
BART: My column doesn't empathize with Kavanaugh, but it explains why his personality type is far from unique in Hollywood. In fact, career sociopaths like Ryan Kavanaugh have always occupied an important niche in the entertainment industry. Hustlers and promoters give the business its energy and excitement. Most confine their lies to tame topics — "Ben Affleck loves the script" (he's never read it), "Paramount has green lit the picture "(it turned it down), "the movie can be shot for $60 million below the line" (the real budget says $90 million). Ryan Kavanaugh takes the Big Lie further. He'll promise that his company is poised to show a giant profit. That it will be the basis for a new global conglomerate. Well, not really.
'Spider-Man: Homecoming' Director Jon Watts Helming New 'Fantastic Four' Movie
FLEMING: Our former Variety colleague Tatiana Siegel did the THR interview and she asked some good questions, even about some of the wonky equity investment scoops he gave her that ended up not helping his cause. Consider this rant my opinion, informed by top agents and people who play in the same financial sandbox as Kavanaugh. If you dissect this story, it allows Kavanaugh to lay blame on everyone but himself for historic futility. Kavanaugh blames all his troubles on the Colbeck Capital guys and a conspiracy to wrest control of his company and plant nasty stories in the New York Post, and dissuaded other potential investors. This comes off as a smokescreen and maybe those future investors were dissuaded by the now indisputable fact that he piled up north of $1 billion in debt, twice as much as the value of his assets, making a lie out of past boasts (like one in THR a couple years ago that refuted a New Yorker story that Ron Burkle was in control, where Kavanaugh said his company was profitable and that 85% of its films made money). In fact, Kavanaugh finally ran out of lenders willing to pile more loans on top of a mountain of debt. You look at NBCUniversal and Elliott Management joining the creditor committee and it appears nobody got out clean, even though NBCUniversal sold him its genre business Rogue Pictures to get it off its books years ago. Kavanaugh discloses he doesn't drive a Ferrari, but rather a pickup truck (when not helicopter commuting or flying on a private plane Kavanaugh said he personally pays for, something to watch if his business is really scrutinized in bankruptcy and whether trips were charged to the business and the budgets of films) and that his wife drove a Jeep Wrangler (a NY Post story said that as Relativity fell into Chapter 11, she posted and quickly removed an Instagram photo of herself with the Mercedes Kavanaugh had just purchased for her). Kavanaugh wonders why nobody questions the lavish lifestyles lived by Les Moonves (because, Kavanaugh claims, Relativity outperforms CBS Films), Rupert Murdoch or Jeff Skoll. Kavanaugh acknowledges he might have leased Mazeratis for his CFO and others, but hey, Warner Bros gave Zack Snyder an Aston Martin after 300. Kavanaugh conveys he might be getting scrutinized because of his devotion to Jewish causes and for writing a piece slamming President Obama's nuclear deal with Iran: "I couldn't believe they even questioned that — the fact that I [took] 10 minutes out of my day to say I believe the fabric of America is at risk? You don't have to believe me, but let's assume that maybe there is a 2 percent chance I'm right, shouldn't I be writing that and not be selfishly focusing just on my company?
So a couple things here, Peter. A major movie and TV company going bankrupt is not good for the fabric of America. The difference between Kavanaugh and Moonves, Murdoch, Skoll and the management of Warner Bros that gave Snyder a car, is this: those others actually got backers to bet on them, and they responded by building billion dollar businesses and shareholder value. He's marginalizing Moonves for CBS Films, when Les built billion dollar winners at Warner Bros TV and then CBS? What, by comparison, has Kavanaugh achieved to warrant comparison to these towering success stories and why does his head financial guy deserve a Mazerati when they've all driven the company's finances off the road like this? Kavanaugh has now failed three times with ventures that turned investors into creditors, aided by continuing glowing press about how he was smarter than everybody else and was going to change the movie business. Just recently he labeled a spate of negative stories anticipating bankruptcy a "witch hunt," claiming he was working with patient creditors to raise new money. Days later, Chapter 11. I've talked to top agents in Hollywood, and numerous finance guys, after that THR piece. Despite an array of photos in THR with stars and boasts that Leonardo DiCaprio, Bradley Cooper, Gerard Butler, Ron Meyer and others are soul mates, here are the words these agents and finance guys used to describe Kavanaugh, particularly after they read this spectacularly self-serving interview: "Repugnant." "Ponzi." Said one: "He has given a bad name to any serious person trying to raise money to build a company that will return value to those investors and he has consolidated the viewpoint the financial community has that film production is a terrible investment, and Hollywood is full of hucksters." Another: "If there is any other option, I would not put a client in a movie with his company, but that's nothing new." (A spokesman for Kavanaugh said he didn't say in THR that he leased a Mazerati for his CFO. The spokesman said Kavanaugh did it for other senior executives but not the CFO.)
BART: I 'get' your righteous indignation, Mike, but I think you're ignoring the most interesting question about Relativity: Namely, why did all these rich and important guys invest in it? I've been asked that question regularly over the past couple of years by the power players at the major studios. They've looked on in disbelief as Kavanaugh kept finding new investors.
So let's ask the nasty question: Why do rich guys invest in movies? First and foremost, because movies are fun. Ron Burkle, a major Kavanaugh backer, made his big money through grocery stores. The grocery business is boring. A hedge fund mogul like William Ackman bet billions of dollars last week on Oreos and chewing gum. That's really boring. It's more fun to take meetings about Brad and Angelina than to sit around projecting profits on Oreos. Second reason: By backing movies, the boring rich guys have a chance to meet girls. Hustlers in the movie business all throw great parties. And I've always been amazed (and bemused) at how hungry Wall Streeters are for pretty girls. The third reason relates to greed: If you add up (and distort) the numbers the right way, movies look like great profit generators. Glance at the box office returns in China or Brazil and you figure it's a no lose game. With tax breaks tossed in. Until you study the real numbers.
So it's fine to rake Kavanaugh over the coals, Mike, but I'd ask you to ask yourself this: Why did so many people trust him to begin with.?
FLEMING: Don't slow my roll here, big guy. There has to be accountability. Someone has to own this. He calls Chapter 11 a "hiccup," indicating he'll raise more money and bid on these assets when they come to bankruptcy auction, now that they will be unburdened by the debt he piled up and that choked Relativity. How does a small film and TV company fail so badly? Adding pieces like fashion and sports to make a healthy-looking hodgepodge for that IPO that now won't come? These people I spoke with didn't want to be named, but they know the deal and they note that Kavanaugh failed in an early venture capital firm (did it lose $400 million?), futility pegged to the post 9/11 downturn (others note that many companies survived 9/11 and maybe Kavanaugh made bad bets on things like dot coms). There was his studio slate financing business staked by Elliott Management that left that backer desperate to get rid of him even though he spread risk by betting on films at both Universal and Sony. Nearly every other slate financing arrangement with a major studio in that time was a winner and is still considered the safest Hollywood investment; Kavanaugh received fees and gross, but couldn't deliver enough winners to prevent him from falling out with his backer. He then changed his focus on building Relativity into a company Kavanaugh said would change the movie making model, with algorithms and research that would allow him to target niche audiences with smaller investments in marketing, with talent benefiting on the back end. When was his last real hit, 2011? In THR, he actually says he regrets not paying enough attention to the making and marketing of his movies since 2012. Where was his attention the last three years? That's a CEO?
BART: The Ryan Kavanaugh story could be titled Diary of a Teenage Boy. Because, like most teens, he had this curious sense of invincibility. He felt nothing could take him down. Most of us learn to shed that invincible illusion as we get older. We become keenly aware of our vulnerability. Even Bernie Madoff felt vulnerable. That's why he put out phony numbers to his investors each month – completely invented reports of vast profits. Kavanaugh, by contrast, didn't even bother inventing numbers; he just kept making deals and throwing parties. As with Madoff, however, the folks I empathize with are the "little" victims — the below-the-line talent who will never see their fees, the caterers and the grips and the actors. The other victims: Those serious filmmakers who are out there trying to raise funding for their films. Kavanaugh has made their quest a lot more difficult.
FLEMING: I don't know what kind of assertions he made to investors, but if you look back at Kavanaugh's boasts in THR and other press, the truth factor isn't high, from expansion in China and on and on. To put the cherry on the sundae, Kavanaugh says in THR that this Chapter 11 is a "hiccup," and that he will mobilize investors to bid for assets that will allow him to shed that crushing debt. Isn't that an insult to all the creditors who'll get pennies on the dollar if this guy moves along to the next group of suckers who fall for his charm? How in the world must this make the creditors feel, including the vendor he is now trying to "sanction" for having the audacity to call him a con man in litigation? Peter, we mentioned Mike Ovitz here, this steely Tai Chi master who got none of this empathy when he failed at AMG, this after many journalists carried his spin when he was Hollywood's most powerful man. He might not be as huggable as Kavanaugh, but Ovitz built a world class talent agency in CAA that remains dominant, and I must say that the only reason to lump him in with Kavanaugh is that this THR interview is reminiscent of the meltdown interview Ovitz gave to Vanity Fair when he blamed the "Velvet Mafia" for his troubles. Why is it that nobody ever owns their failure when they sh*t the bed?
BART: Whoa, Mike. I'm glad you got that out of your system, but we're well into August and maybe it's time to lighten up for a moment. It's increasingly hard to predict where the best "show biz" moments will come from — Trumped-up tantrums from Fox News, the very "long goodbye" from Jon Stewart, or even the petulant back-and-forths on the web over the cut of that wobbly tentpole, Fantastic Four. Even the titles of the new films are disorienting. I was not eager to see a film titled Diary of a Teenage Girl, but I looked forward to the rock 'n roll movie titled Ricki and the Flash. So Diary turns out to be terrific and Ricki utterly pedestrian, Meryl Streep notwithstanding. Whatever happened to the knife-like wit of Diablo Cody evident in Juno ten years ago? (She wrote the flaccid Ricki script). For that matter, what happened to her first directing debut, Paradise, which disappeared last year? To be sure, lots of movies these days seem to disappear: Can anyone find True Story, the Jonah Hill-James Franco thriller about a newspaper reporter who is suckered into a bum story? Given the exotic backing of Fox Searchlight, Regency and Brad Pitt's Plan B, you wonder who pulled the plug that fast?
FLEMING: One more point before I move off Kavanaugh. Early in my career, you sent me to interview Dino De Laurentiis, as his DEG was failing. This charming man invited me to rub the balls (for luck) of that bull statue he had in his office (Dino did that all the time), and he offered me script writing assignments. And I came back and despite falling in love with this storied man, I hit him pretty hard. He stopped doing interviews for a long time after and they were very upset with me. Later, we rekindled as he had a resurgence. I always liked this guy, and felt bad when he passed away. But I didn't regret acting like a journalist and holding him accountable for failure. Dino won Oscars and he is remembered as one of the Hollywood greats as is the late Jerry Weintraub, who also had a company go under. I just don't see that any of these heights were ever reached by Kavanaugh. Journalists today should keep all that in mind. There's a part of me that still wants to believe what people say, but I am trying to fight that weakness here.
Okay, onto Trank. After this Fantastic Four debacle, will we refer to the failure of any bad superhero movie as "Tranking," since his attempt to distance himself from his movie with a Twitter post cemented his tie to one of the few recent superhero movies to "Trank" both with critics and at the box office? This young filmmaker directed the smart sleeper Chronicle and then won the assignment for Fantastic Four with four of the brightest young actors in Hollywood, and then Star Wars. Talk about hitting the lottery! Then the bad rumors spread about FF4 and suddenly Trank was dropped from Star Wars. This kid needs to go back and do something small and distinctive, or his career will be as dead as disco. As for Cody, she had this great backstory: stripper writes a blog, gets discovered and wins the Oscar writing Juno. But maybe she just isn't going to soar higher than that. It still puts her in rare company, and she has my admiration. I remember when Daniel Waters wrote Heathers, which brought the same kind of unique voice Juno had. Did he top that? No. But how many writers reach that kind of cult status, or write one script in their lives that good? Not many. I look at how those around Harper Lee whored out her legacy by cashing in with Go Set A Watchman. There was no way anybody was acting in the best interests of the author, who by all accounts has lived comfortably off To Kill A Mockingbird. Others can't live on past accomplishments like that. They've got to keep working and it must be crushing to have to try and live down an early failure as live up to an early success. Christopher McQuarrie said in our Deadline interview how much a burden winning the Oscar for his The Usual Suspects script brought him so early in his career because of the expectations, but he kept at it and certainly distinguished himself with Mission: Impossible Rogue Nation, which is about to win its second weekend in a row at the box office.
BART: I sympathize with Josh Trank, who took a beating on Fantastic Four and dropped out of a Star Wars spinoff (or was he removed?) to find something "low profile." The upside is that while tent poles disappear in a mushroom cloud, the small films simply vanish without a trace.
Ryan Kavanaugh


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In your crock pot put pealed potatoes, poblano peppers, vegetable stock, half of the onion and spices. Cook on any heat setting until potatoes are soft. Once soft, Remove the bay leaf then use an emulsifier and blend the soup thoroughly. Mix the flour with the olive oil to make a paste and drop that into the soup. Emulsify again. Chop the remaining onion into very small bits. Add to the soup and stir in all remaining ingredients. Can be cooked on low for another 2-3 hours.


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Restaurant Sat Bains named fourth best rated restaurant in the world
04 December 2018 by News Desk
The website's Traveller's Choice awards saw chef Sat Bains' eponymous restaurant feature among the world's top 25, alongside Adam Stokes' Adam's in Birmingham and Raymond Blanc's Belmond Le Manoir Aux Quat'Saisons in Great Milton, Oxfordshire, who were rated 11th and 15th respectively.
The world's best rated restaurant was Au Crocodile in France, which holds one Michelin star under head chef Franck Pelux.
Two-Michelin starred Restaurant Sat Bains topped the UK rankings [see top 10 below] for the first time, having taken sixth place in 2014 and second in 2015.
Commenting on the news, joint owners Sat and Amanda Bains, said: "We have always believed in our team and our location, and we feel both the kitchen brigade and front of house team we have currently are the strongest we have ever had. It's very flattering to receive such high praise from our guests, and we are immensely proud to fly the flag, not just for our home city of Nottingham and the Midlands, but the UK too. To be among restaurants of such high calibre in the world ranking is extremely humbling. It's an honour to be recognised and it will inspire us to keep pushing to deliver the ultimate in gastronomy.
"There will certainly be extra celebrations at our Christmas party this month!"
The Travellers' Choice awards are compiled using an algorithm that studies the quality and quantity of millions of reviews left on TripAdvisor over a 12-month period.
Hayley Coleman, a TripAdvisor spokesperson, said: "The UK continues to cement itself as one of the biggest players in the global gastronomy scene."
Tommy Bank's Black Swan at Oldstead, North Yorkshire, last year named the world's best-rated restaurant, has been knocked out of the worldwide top 10 but has taken fifth place in the UK's top 10.
For the first time the review site has also ranked 'everyday dining' restaurants with Makars Gourmet Mash Bar in Edinburgh taking the accolade for its impressive variations on mash potato.
The UK's top rated fine dining restaurants on TripAdvisor were:
Restaurant Sat Bains, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire
Adam's, Birmingham, Midlands
Belmond Le Manoir aux Quat'Saisons, Great Milton, Oxfordshire
L'Enclume, Cartmel, Cumbria
The Black Swan at Oldstead, Oldstead, North Yorkshire
Waterside Inn, Bray on Thames, Berkshire
Restaurant Nathan Outlaw, Port Isaac, Cornwall
Aizle, Edinburgh
Number One at The Balmoral, Edinburgh
Restaurant Martin Wishart, Edinburgh
To view the full list of 2018 Travellers' Choice award-winning restaurants, visit: https://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/TravellersChoice-Restaurants.
Written by: Helen Salter
The Black Swan at Oldstead is the world's best-rated restaurant on TripAdvisor>>
You need to create an account to read this article. It's free and only requires a few basic details.
TagsAwards, Chef, Restaurants, Raymond Blanc, Sat Bains, TripAdvisor, Restaurant Sat Bains, Adam's, Belmond Le Manoir aux Quat'Saisons and Birmingham Nottingham
Richard Reynolds secures future of Welsh Food Centre
First Manchester Hotel Indigo opens this week
Brexit crunch time as May reveals deal to cabinet which could protect food supply
Veteran restaurateur Laurence Isaacson dies aged 75

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


President Emmerson Mnangagwa today said no independent candidate is allowed to use Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front regalia because even the law does not allow that.
He said ZANU-PF members who had decided to stand as independent candidates had automatically expelled themselves from the party and should therefore not use or distribute party regalia.
Addressing a rally in Bindura today, Mnangagwa said he had heard that some of the independent candidates claimed to be backing him but this was not true because he was only backed by members of the party.
No one, including himself, he said was bigger than the party. But the party could accommodate everyone.
A senior ZANU-PF official from Mashonaland Central Perrance Shiri, who is Minister of Agriculture, said there was only one independent candidate in the province.
The candidate was Wilbert Mubaiwa whom he said had the support of one or two chiefs but he would visit the area to educate the voters that the party candidate was Patrick Dutiro.
Mnangagwa who is facing 22 other candidates in the presidential elections in 23 days was so confident of winning the elections that he promised to give chiefs more vehicles in the second week of August.
He said his government respected chiefs because they were the owners of the land.
His main rival Nelson Chamisa of the Movement for Democratic Change Alliance has vowed that Mnangagwa will not get more than 5 percent of the vote.
He says Mnangagwa can only win if the elections are rigged.
Chamisa claimed that Mnangagwa had already rigged the ballot paper because his name was now at the top instead of being at the bottom.
"This party loves rigging. On the ballot paper he should be at the bottom, but he is in the middle. Is he now called ChiMnangagwa?" Chamisa was quoted by Newsday as asking.


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Once you upgrade to the iPhone 6s Plus, can you go back to the smaller model?
Relatively speaking, I used the iPhone 4s (still Apple's highest selling model and one they continued to produce until September 2014) for a long, long time; getting my hands on the product on its release in October 2011, and keeping it going until the latest 6s models were released some four years later. Along the way I skipped three generations of the iPhone series, and watched as those around me enjoyed the latest features and superior battery life and power.
To be fair, the 4S was barely usable by the time I upgraded, but I had more than enjoyed its lifespan. And there was a clear choice ahead of me: do I go for the similarly sized 6s model, or do I move up to the comparitivelgiant "6s Plus". And If I did the latter, would I be able to get used to the larger size… and would I ever be able to go back to the smaller models after the fact?
Starting with the 6S, a move from the 4S did require some getting used to. The screen is 1.2 inches larger, which means your fingers are going to need to adjust to features like the keyboard. Beyond that, with the new iOS and the 3D touch capabilities, the features are extensions on what you're familiar with. As a long time Apple user, you're going to discover as you go what features you use and what you don't, and everyone is going to be different. Ultimately the regular sized phone is the perfect size for the every day consumer, bettering their previous products in just about every way. It runs faster, enjoys superior battery life and takes some incredible photos and video. The time lapse and slow-motion features being of particular mention. It also fits perfectly in your pocket.
And then there is the iPhone 6S Plus, the second generation of Apple's "Plus" series that debuted alongside the 6 last year. The immediate response to using the product is that it's too big. Just fitting in your pocket, it requires two thumbs to use properly and is almost like using a mobile phone for the first time again. Its size and functionality completely makes you rethink what a smartphone should be.
The phone is 0.8 inches longer than the 6S, weighs 49 grams more, enjoys a 5.5 in screen (versus 4.7 in) and has superior resolution (401ppi vs 326ppi) – not to mention a better camera and battery life. It's obviously bigger and, from a technical level, it's better – but does that mean you should use it?
Honestly, it comes down to your preference. Both phones, when upgrading from older models, will take a bit of getting used to. The Plus more so than the regular sized model. The regular size still prefers a one thumb approach to typing, while the plus will utilise both of your thumbs. It will give you more freedom on the screen, allowing you to play games in more detail, take better photos and videos and make reading, editing and writing notes, e-mails and messages all the more easier. Its size may even make you reconsider the need for an iPad in addition to the iPhone – it's just that convenient. It doesn't take long to get used to it, and once you're used to it, you can't imagine using anything smaller.
Indeed, after a month of using the Plus, I tried to pick up the 6S and use it and its small size seemed foreign to me. The fonts were too small, the detail too minimal. Still totally aesthetically pleasing, but the Plus had totally changed the way I thought about and used my phone – and now I can never go back. Bigger it turns out, for this writer at least, is better.
I spent two months travelling the world with the LG G4: So, what's the verdict?


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A review on geriatric oral health: Nutritional pattern and dynamics
Priya Sharma1, NL Gupta2, Chetan Sharma3, Richa Jaswal4
1 Distt Consultant, National Health Mission, Kangra(HP), National Health Mission, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
2 Department of Psychology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India
3 Research Scholar, TISS, Mumbai, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
4 Nursing Officer, PGIMER, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
Dr. Priya Sharma
Distt Consultant, Office of Chief Medical Officer, NHM, Kangra, Dharamshala
DOI: 10.4103/ijcd.ijcd_17_21
Health, a prized possession, has always been a target for generations to achieve. Its vital factor nutritionin every form is an expression of genetic heritage that influences the occurrence and severity of degenerative diseases associated with aging. Nutritional problems may result from changes associated with aging process, medical/psychiatric illness, or other medical conditions. The epidemiological literature on oral health in the elderly is varied across countries and regions, more so as a function of institutionalization. This article intends to present importance of the need to care for oral health, concise review of literature on hardships with repercussions in edentulous patients, and how specific nutrients interact with the body to contribute to an individual's health. The past literature on oral health in elderly was extensively and comprehensibly perused, reviewed, and summarized in terms of descriptions on geriatrics nutrition and changes in diet associated with aging. The search for thorough original and review articles were mainly done from the sites such as Google scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, etc., on geriatrics nutrition and terms such as genarian, nutrition assessment, edentulism, denture wearing, impact of nutrition, oral and general health, dental sores, and nutritional deficiencies. This review summarized pertinent articles that described the changes in diet associated with edentulism. Most studies suggested that edentulous individuals lack specific nutrients which bring them to risk of various health disorders. Recent research literature highlighted that dental prostheses supported by implants, significantly improve nutritional status in edentulous patients, provided the individual has sound health to undertake procedure for dental prosthesis. Elderly denture wearers are vulnerable to compromised nutritional health due to various factors. Timely and routine evaluation of nutritional status is important for any nutrition or dietary modification. Dietary counseling along with supportive supervision of the family regarding dental health is an integral part of treatment for denture wearers.
Sharma P
Gupta N L
Sharma C
Jaswal R
edentulism


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Posted by Eric Watson | Reviews, Switch | No Comments
Available On: Switch
Super Mario Maker was a clever delight when it launched in 2015 on Wii U. The simple premise – a full editor suite for making and playing Mario levels across multiple eras – was an instant hit, recreating the dreams of many a dreamy kid scratching out level designs in a school notebook. The Switch sequel keeps the same solid editing and classic Mario gameplay, while adding several high quality pieces, a vastly expanded story mode, and online and local multiplayer.
Posted by Eric Watson | PC, PlayStation 4, Reviews, Switch | No Comments
Available On: PC (Windows, Mac, Linux) , PlayStation 4, Switch
Card battlers are fashionably popular right now (see our review on the excellent SteamWorld Quest), and Slay the Spire checks just about every box for popular indie genres. Deck-building. Dungeon Crawling. Random Encounters. Roguelike. Even more than most in the genre, Slay the Spire is a purely mechanics-driven game, with very little storytelling. But those systems work beautifully together to create a memorable, deep, and easy-to-play experience that rivals many physical card games.
Super Smash Bros. Ultimate Review
What started out as a goofy mashup of a handful of Nintendo characters having a What-If throw-down has spent the last two decades transforming into one of the most beloved, consistently excellent series on every Nintendo console since the Nintendo 64.
As the fifth game in the series Super Smash Bros. Ultimate is well deserving of its Ultimate title, featuring every fighter and stage from previous games while providing a solid balance of new and classic gameplay modes, though it's still a series built for, and best enjoyed locally rather than online.
Posted by Eric Watson | PC, PlayStation 4, Reviews | No Comments
Available On: PC, PlayStation 4
It's easy to get jaded about the RPG genre, specifically Japanese RPGs. Every trope has been well-worn, every character archetype has been fully exploited. Dating back to the 1980s the Dragon Quest series is one of the most egregious examples of many tiresome gameplay elements and story beats.
Yet each new Dragon Quest game proves why the series remains beloved and resilient. With an irresistible charm, modern design conveniences, and excellent writing, Dragon Quest XI: Echoes of an Elusive Age is a wonderful RPG for newcomers and a delightful return for series veterans.
Slime Rancher Review
Posted by Eric Watson | PC, PlayStation 4, Reviews, Xbox One | No Comments
Available On: PC, PlayStation 4, Xbox One
I made the mistake of passing on Slime Rancher when it launched last year, dismissing it as overly cutesy and simplistic. I'm pleased to report that after spending some quality time on the Far Far Range, I couldn't have been more wrong. Newly arrived on PlayStation 4 this week, Slime Rancher boasts a perfect blend of ranch management with open world exploration, using little more than a portable vacuum.
Disney Villainous Review
Posted by Eric Watson | Reviews | No Comments
Publisher: Wonder Forge
Game Length: 45-60 minutes
A good villain usually makes for a good story, and one of Disney's strengths throughout every era was its memorable cast of villains. Some, like Maleficent, have even become more popular than their heroic rivals. Yet we've never seen a tabletop game that focuses solely on the darker side of the Disney universe, until now.
Disney Villainous is an elegantly constructed, asymmetrical card game where you play as one of six classic Disney villains. Each villain has their own deck of cards, player board, and goals, all of which reflect their sinister machinations in each film. Being bad never felt so good.
Off With Their Head
Players begin by selecting one of six infamous villains: Captain Hook, Maleficent, Jafar, Ursula, Prince John and Queen of Hearts.
Every villain is tasked with completing their own objective, ripped straight from the films. Jafar has to unlock the Cave of Wonders, hypnotize the genie, and bring both he and the lamp to the Palace, while Captain Hook needs to defeat Peter Pan at the Jolly Roger.
Each turn you move your player marker onto one of four locations on your player board. Each space has several different actions available, from playing cards to gathering power and vanquishing heroes. Choosing where to go and how to utilize both your cards and your limited actions each turn is a delightful puzzle.
At the same time, you'll need to draw from the fate deck of your opponent's heroes to foil their plans, while they do the same to you.
Choose Your Fate
While the villains are trying to get their various objectives done, those pesky heroes are always in the way. One of the actions allows you to draw from your opponent's fate deck of heroes, select one of two cards, and play them on the top portion of their player board. Heroes cover up half the actions, weakening that villain's options, as well as including debilitating effects specifically designed to undermine that villain – such as discarding Maleficent's curses or stealing power from Prince John.
The fate deck is a lot of fun and helps alleviate the multiplayer-solitaire problem that frequently crops up in these kinds of games. It provides a high level of interactivity between players, and leads to some fun table talk as players see who's doing well and work to thwart them.
The card art, player board, and player pieces are absolutely lovely. Disney fans will be satisfied to find classic art depictions of movie scenes and characters on each card. The foldout player board looks fantastic and the pieces are gorgeous 3D color-coded symbols of each villain. As great as the components are, the modeled plastic cauldron that holds the power is cheap by comparison.
With each villain having unique rules and cards, some of them play far more complex than others. Prince John and Maleficent are very straight-forward, while Ursula's need to apply Binding Contracts to defeat heroes and only ever having access to three locations at a time creates a much more difficult scenario.
The balance between villains seems fine – almost every game I played was very close. Though Maleficent won every game she was played in, regardless of who played her. A complexity rating for each villain would have been very welcome, though the guide pamphlets do a decent job explaining their unique play styles.
The Rating
Villainous has a recommended age of 10+. Despite being a Disney game it's complex enough to make it suitable only for older kids, teens, and adults. The fact that the most recent villain is from 1992 is a big clue that it skews to an older crowd than most Disney games. The game is easy enough to teach, but each villain has its own rules to learn and strategies to employ, and you have to pay close attention to what your opponents are doing.
Villainous is a fantastic and cleverly designed card game. Each villain's deck and strategy is richly thematic and expertly tied to their respective films, and the fate deck is an effective way of adding deliciously diabolical player interactivity. Hugely recommended for Disney fans looking for their next favorite card game.
Find Disney Villainous at Amazon, Target, and other retailers.


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text:
Raising State Income Taxes on High-Income Taxpayers
Home / RESEARCH / Raising State Income...
Andrew Nicholas
As states face increasingly difficult choices for closing the gap between available resources and the cost of needed programs and services, one potential revenue source can be found at the high end of the income tax spectrum.
The personal income tax, a major source of revenue for 41 states, can yield a significant amount of money from small rate increases that involve a relatively low number of taxpayers — those that are best able to afford the cost. This is because wealth in the United States has become concentrated among the nation's richest households to an extent not seen since the late 1920s.
An effective way to tap this revenue source is to create an additional tax bracket at the top of the existing income tax rate structure. The first decision a state must make is to determine the income cut-off. One option is what some call a "millionaire's tax" — an additional rate applied to incomes above $1 million. More revenue can be raised if the income cut-off is lower, say $250,000 or $500,000; in such a case the new top rate still affects a relatively tiny percentage of taxpayers.
The amount that any state could raise at a particular income level would, of course, vary. But the magnitude can be seen from this statistic: If every state with an income tax increased its rates by 1 percentage point on incomes above $500,000, it would raise about $8 billion nationwide — funds that could be used as an alternative to some of the deep cuts in education, health care, and other important services being made in many states and considered in others.[1]
Another way a state could choose the cut-off for the new bracket would be to structure it to affect only the top 1 percent of taxpayers rather than those above a particular income level. In the typical state, this approach would mean a rate increase on households with taxable incomes greater than about $330,000. Because the proportion of households at a given income level varies from state to state, the actual income cut-off would differ by state and could range from $225,000 to more than $600,000. An additional 1 percent tax levied on the top 1 percent of households in states with income taxes would raise over $8 billion nationwide.
Revenue Plus Economic Benefits
An advantage of high-end income tax rate increases is that they not only produce revenue that can help close budget gaps, but also close those gaps in a way that is not harmful to a state's economy relative to relying solely on cuts in government spending.
In a paper written at the start of the last recession, Nobel prize-winning MIT economist Joseph Stiglitz and Peter Orszag — then a Brookings Institution economist, now director of the federal Office of Management and Budget — concluded that tax increases on higher-income families are preferable for closing state fiscal deficits in the short run.[2] They reasoned that reductions in government spending on goods and services, or in transfer payments to lower-income families, take money out of circulation and, as a result, reduce demand in the overall economy. By contrast, when taxes are increased on the wealthiest households, the impact on the economy is not as great because some of the additional tax payments will be made from savings rather than from funds that would otherwise be spent.
In addition to the revenue-raising potential and the impact on a state's economy, there are a number of reasons why states should consider upper-bracket income tax increases during the current fiscal crisis.
Help now and later: The new rate structure could be used to address both the shortfalls that have developed in current fiscal year budgets and the gaps that loom next year because an increase enacted before the end of the fiscal year can take effect in time to produce some revenue very quickly.
Easy to administer: Because it is based on the existing personal income tax system, little would be required than to change withholding tables and inform employers.
Deductibility advantage: State income taxes are deductible on the federal tax returns of taxpayers who itemize. For those taxpayers, the cost of an income tax increase is partially offset by a corresponding decrease in federal tax obligation. For example, someone who is in the top federal income tax bracket, for which the marginal rate is currently 35 percent, receives a 35-cent federal tax cut for every additional $1 in state income tax. So if the taxpayer's state income tax were increased by $5,000, he or she could receive a federal tax cut of $1,750, and so in effect pay a net increase of just $3,250, even as the state government receives the full $5,000 in revenue. Note that this benefit is negated for those taxpayers affected by the federal alternative minimum tax, a group that includes many households with incomes between $200,000 and $500,000 but a minority of those households that would be most affected by a new top rate on incomes of $500,000 to $1 million and above.[3]
Respond to income inequality : Adding new rates for the highest income households results in tax increases only on those that are in the best position to afford it: The high-income families that benefited most from the economic expansion of the past 30 years. The income of households in the top tenth of the income scale more than tripled between 1977 and 2006. At the same time, the incomes of the remaining 90 percent of households barely grew — increasing by only 10 percent over those 30 years.
High-income households also enjoyed the largest windfalls from cuts in many states' income taxes dating to the 1990s and in federal taxes over the past eight years. In fact, just in the last decade the gaps between the richest and poorest families have grown dramatically. From the late 1990s through the mid-2000s, income among the nation's richest 5 percent of families grew by more than 15 percent, while the poorest 20 percent of families saw their incomes decline by 2.5 percent. During this period, gaps between the wealthiest fifth of families and the poorest fifth of families widened significantly in 19 states. In no state did the bottom fifth grow significantly faster than the top fifth. [4]
According to data from the Federal Reserve Board, in 2007 the richest 1 percent of households held 26.2 percent of total wealth in the United States. And in 2006, 21.4 percent of total income went to this same small group of families.[5] Not since 1928 has the top 1 percent held such a large share of the nation's income.[6]
Recent Top-Bracket Increases
Usually, increases — or, for that matter, reductions — in income tax rates for the wealthiest taxpayers come in the context of changes in a state's entire income tax system. But in recent years some states have opted for the revenue gains that come from focusing on the highest-income households, a policy approach that takes into account the increasingly skewed concentration of wealth and income among a small fraction of a state's households.
Connecticut enacted a new top income tax bracket in 2009. This bracket starts at $500,000 for single filers, $800,000 for heads of households, and $1 million for married couples filing jointly. The tax rate on incomes above those thresholds increased to 6.5 percent from 5 percent, and will take effect for tax year 2009.
New York in 2003 enacted a three-year income tax increase that raised the top rate to 7.7 percent on taxable income greater than $500,000 for both married and single filing status. This was part of a two-tiered change that also added a 7.5 percent rate on income between $150,000 and $500,000 for married joint filers and between $100,000 and $500,000 for singles. The previous top rate had been 6.85 percent, effective on all income greater than $40,000 for married filers and $20,000 for singles.
In April 2009, New York again created new high-income tax brackets. This time the state enacted two temporary brackets for the 2009, 2010, and 2011 tax years. For filers with taxable income above $500,000, regardless of filing status, the tax rate rises to 8.97 percent from the current 6.85 percent; for those with taxable income below $500,000 but above $200,000 for single individuals, $250,000 for heads of households, and $300,000 for married couples filing joint returns, the rate increases to 7.85 percent from 6.85 percent. In addition, for most filers affected by the new rates, they will cover all of their taxable income. The changes are projected to raise more than $4 billion a year.
In 2004, California raised its top income tax bracket. The top rate became 10.3 percent on taxable income greater than $1 million, regardless of filing status. The increase was approved as a ballot initiative to fund county mental health services. California's previous top rate was 9.3 percent, effective on income greater than $47,055 for single filers and $94,110 for married taxpayers filing jointly.
New Jersey raised its top rate in 2004 to 8.97 percent on taxable income greater than $500,000 (married or single). The previous top rate had been 6.37 percent on income greater than $150,000 for married filing jointly and $75,000 for singles. In 2009, New Jersey temporarily increased income taxes on households with incomes above $400,000. For one year, the tax rate on joint filers with incomes between $400,000 and $500,000 will rise to 8 percent from 6.37; the rate on income between $500,000 and $1 million will increase to 10.25 percent from 8.97 percent; and a new 10.75 percent rate is applied to all income over $1 million. These changes will generate about $1 billion in fiscal 2010.
As part of extensive changes to the overall state tax structure, Maine replaced its existing income tax system, under which the top rate took effect at a relatively low income level, with a two-bracket system that levies a 6.5 percent rate on income below $250,000 and 6.85 percent tax rate on income over $250,000. Previously, Maine's income tax had four brackets, ranging from 2 percent on income less than $4,850 to 8.5 percent on income over $38,900 for a married couple. The overhaul also expanded the sales tax base to include a range of previously untaxed goods and services, created new household credits, and made the state Earned Income Tax Credit partially refundable.
In Maryland, a new top rate of 6.25 percent took effect in 2008 on income greater than $1 million, regardless of filing status. The increase is scheduled to expire after three years. Maryland also added three new rates ranging from 5 to 5.5 percent, with no expiration date, on income from $150,000 to $1 million for single filers and $200,000 to $1 million for joint filers. The state also cut income taxes for lower- and middle-income taxpayers. The Maryland changes made a tax system that was effectively flat — with a top tax rate that had been 4.75 percent on taxable income above just $3,000 — into a more progressive system.
In 2009, North Carolina placed a temporary surcharge on upper-income taxpayers, effective for tax years 2009 and 2010. This surcharge is added to the filer's tax liability. Married filers with incomes over $250,000 and single filers with incomes over $150,000 calculate their tax under previously existing law and then increase it by three percent. For married filers with incomes between $100,000 and $250,000, and single filers with income between $60,000 and $150,000 the surcharge is two percent. This is the second time this decade that North Carolina has used a tax increase on upper-income households to help the state maintain services in an economic crisis. In the recession of 2001, North Carolina enacted a top rate of 8.25 percent on married couples with incomes above $200,000. The rate was lowered to 8 percent in tax year 2007 and eliminated in 2008. Prior to 2001, the top rate in North Carolina was 7.75 percent on all income over $100,000 for a married couple.
In Oregon, the legislature approved and the governor signed a measure adding two brackets at the top of the state's income tax structure. Married couples will pay 10.8 percent on income between $250,000 and $500,000; and 11 percent on income over $500,000. These rates will be in effect for tax years 2009 to 2011. After tax year 2011, the top rate will fall to 9.9 percent for joint filers with incomes over $250,000. These changes are projected to generate more than $230 million in each of the next two fiscal years. Oregon's previous top rate was 9 percent on all income over $15,200. However, the measures will not go into effect unless approved by the voters in January 2010.
Hawaii adopted a measure temporarily creating three new state income tax brackets. Beginning in tax year 2009, for married couples the rates will be 9 percent on income between $300,000 and $350,000; 10 percent between $350,000 and $400,000; and 11 percent rate for income above $400,000. Additionally, the state's standard deduction and the personal exemption were each raised by 10 percent, which will lower tax bills for low- and moderate-income families. All of these changes are set to expire after tax year 2015. Hawaii's current top tax rate is 8.25 percent on all income over $96,000.
Wisconsin enacted a new 7.75 percent income tax bracket on income over $300,000 for a married couple and $225,000 for individuals and heads of households. This change is expected to generate about $164 million in fiscal 2010.
Building a Bracket
Because they are built on top of existing income tax structures, upper-bracket tax increases are relatively simple to design and administer.
The following example demonstrates how one could be designed. (It is based on the hypothetical graduated state income tax structure for State X shown in Figure 1.) Under the provisions of the income tax in State X, taxpayers first determine the portion of their income that is taxable by subtracting any applicable exemptions and deductions from their "gross" income. Next, the amount of personal income tax owed is determined using the rate schedule.
State X
Income Tax Rate Schedule
If Income is
At Least:
But is
Less Than:
Tax Owed
Amount over:
For example, a family with $40,000 of taxable income would owe $1,600 under this tax. This is the sum of $100 (2 percent of the first $5,000) plus $300 (3 percent of the next $10,000) plus $600 (4 percent of the next $15,000) plus $600 (6 percent of the amount over $30,000).
The state might then add a new 7 percent rate on income greater than $500,000. Figure 2 shows the impact of this on two hypothetical families — one with taxable income of $40,000 and one with taxable income of $700,000.
High-Income Surcharge
(Additional 1% on income over $500,000)
Taxpayer A
Taxpayer B
Current Tax
Additional Tax:
Income above $500,000
Times .01 = Surcharge
Total Tax w/surcharge
The family with taxable income of $40,000 would owe no additional tax. The family with income of $700,000 would owe an additional $2,000 (1 percent of the $200,000 that falls within the new bracket). This family's total tax bill would increase to $43,200 from the $41,200 owned under the previous rate schedule.
Revenue Potential
The amount of revenue that states could raise from setting new tax rates on income above $500,000 would depend on what rate is chosen as well as how income is distributed in the state. Table 1 provides rough estimates of the amount of revenue that states could raise if they created new top marginal tax rates on income above $500,000 that are one percentage point higher than existing top rates.[7] The table also lists the percentage of each state's taxpayers that would be affected. As the table shows, a small rate increase on high-income taxpayers would produce a significant amount of revenue from a small number of taxpayers. In total, an additional one percent rate levied on income above $500,000 would raise about $7.8 billion and would affect only 0.6 percent of taxpayers in all states with an income tax.
While in most states with an income tax these changes could be enacted by statute, in five states it would require amending state constitutions that mandate a single-rate income tax structure. Those states are: Colorado, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Pennsylvania.
The estimates in Table 1 were obtained from the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy's (ITEP) Microsimulation Tax Model, which is based on data from the Internal Revenue Service. For states that have not produced their own estimates, the ITEP model provides a very good estimate of the amount of revenue that could potentially be raised from increasing rates on income greater than $500,000. Where they exist, however, a state's own estimate of the revenue-raising potential of a rate increase is more accurate than estimates derived from the ITEP model because state revenue departments generally have more detailed and current information on the taxpayers in their state as well as the details of their tax system.
Rather than using $500,000 or another dollar level as the income cut-off, state lawmakers could define who would pay a higher tax rate by applying that rate only to the wealthiest 1 percent of residents. In all but five states with income taxes, the minimum amount of income needed to be among the richest 1 percent of taxpayers is less than $500,000 (see Table 2). So, a rate increase on incomes above the cut-off for the top 1 percent would bring in more revenue than an increase at $500,000. Table 2 provides rough estimates of the amount of revenue that could be raised if each state enacted a rate increase on the top 1 percent of taxpayers. If all states with an income tax did this, it would generate about $8.5 billion per year nationwide. In 22 states, the tax would add more than $100 million to state coffers. And in six states, more than $300 million would be generated.
Some Administrative Issues
Whichever approach is taken — adding a new rate at a certain income level or for a particular percentage of taxpayers — the goal is to generate revenue needed to sustain important state services during the current fiscal crisis. It is important, then, that states increase revenues relatively quickly. Nevertheless, the need for additional revenues must be balanced with administrative feasibility and impact on taxpayers.
Two major factors will influence when revenue starts to flow from an upper-bracket tax increase — the effective date of the change and the way the state chooses to collect the money.
Although many Americans associate April 15 with income tax collections, state and federal income taxes actually are collected throughout the year. Income taxes on wage earnings are withheld from paychecks by employers and remitted to state treasuries at regular intervals throughout the year. In addition, most taxes on non-wage income also are collected throughout the year by means of quarterly estimated tax payments made by individual taxpayers. An exception is that a significant portion of the taxes on non-wage income are paid the following April when income tax forms are filed.
TABLE 1. TAX INCREASE ON INCOMES OVER $500,000
YIELDS NEARLY $8 BILLION
Additional 1% on Taxpayers with AGI over $500,000
Revenue (millions)
Taxpayers Affected (%)
X = State does not levy a personal income tax.
Source: Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy, March 2009.
TABLE 2. APPLYING INCREASE TO TOP 1 PERCENT OF TAXPAYERS YIELDS OVER $8 BILLION (Additional 1% Tax)
(millions)
Number of Taxpayers Affected
Minimum AGI
(AGI Floor)
Source: CBPP calculations of Statistics of Income data from the Internal Revenue Service.
If We Tax Them, Won't the Wealthy Flee?
Opponents of raising tax rates on high-income households often argue that sensitivity to marginal tax rates is so extreme that those affected will vote with their feet and depart for states where they would pay lower income taxes or none at all. The result, they contend, is to diminish, or even eliminate, the revenue potential of such tax increases.
This argument is highly exaggerated and not based on real-world evidence. Research in New Jersey and California shows conclusively that tax rate increases for high-income residents in fact raise significant amounts of revenue. And recent analysis also shows that tax increases have, at most, only a small impact on interstate migration patterns.
In fact, attempts to measure the relationship between interstate migration and tax progressivity have yielded mixed results. The most recent studies have found that higher marginal income tax rates have a very small impact on where people decide to live. Other factors such as crime rates and the natural environment play a very significant role.
For example, a September 2008 Princeton University study concluded, "the 'half-millionaire tax,' at least in New Jersey, appears to be an effective and efficient revenue-generation mechanism, having little impact on migration patterns among half-millionaire households." The study estimated that New Jersey lost $37.7 million a year from people leaving the state because of the 2004 tax increase. They called this "a small opportunity cost of a tax policy that generated more than $1 billion for Tax Year 2006." Furthermore, the study found that household income has grown rapidly among wealthy New Jerseyans in recent years despite the tax. From 2002 to 2006, the number of New Jersey households with incomes of $500,000 or more grew to 44,000 from 26,000, an increase of 70 percent.a
Similarly, an analysis by the California Budget Project found that the number of high-income households in that state has grown substantially during periods in which higher top income tax rates were in effect. According to CBP's findings, "the number of California's joint personal income tax filers with incomes of $200,000 or more rose by 33.4 percent between 1991 and 1995 — a period in which California temporarily imposed 10 percent and 11 percent tax rates on high income earners." More recently, California enacted a 1 percentage point increase on income over $1 million. The tax generated new revenue totaling about $1.5 billion in fiscal year 2008 alone. Much like the pattern observed following the tax increases of the early 1990s, the CBP analysis showed the number of taxpayers with incomes over $1 million increased — by 37.8 percent from 2004 to 2006.b
An analysis by the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy in May 2009 calls into question the claim that the higher tax rates passed in Maryland in 2007 and 2008 have caused millionaires to leave the state. It suggests, rather, that a drop in the number of tax returns with income greater than $1 million was due to the recession's impact on people's holdings. Using data from the state Comptroller's office, ITEP found that the second highest tax bracket -- for incomes between $500,000 and $999,999 – saw a rise in returns, as did the bracket immediately below it. Since tax rates were raised on all three of these tax brackets in 2007 and 2008, ITEP states: "a far more likely explanation for the alleged disappearance of Maryland's millionaires is that, for 2008 at least, they are no longer millionaires. Instead, their incomes may now fall in lower ranges of the distribution, thus potentially accounting for some portion of the increase in the number of returns in those ranges." c
Other research suggests that tax changes alone have little, if any, impact on interstate migration trends. A recent study by the Harvard-trained economist Andrew Leigh, now a professor of economics at the Australian National University, found no significant relationship between income tax changes and migration patterns among U.S. states. According to Leigh, "…tax changes do not impact interstate population flows, nor do they affect the relative wages of movers." As part of a broader examination of wage inequality and the extent to which tax structures are based on the ability to pay, Leigh analyzed migration patterns of workers along all points of the income scale. Published in the March 2008 edition of the National Tax Journal, his work concluded that people are not deterred from moving to states with tax systems under which upper-income residents pay more.d
Other studies have found that factors ranging from crime to climate play key roles in explaining state-to-state migration. For instance, Richard J. Cebula found that "non-economic factors play a very significant role in determining migration patterns." Cebula examined the effect of both economic and non-economic conditions on interstate migration. According to his study, non-economic or "quality-of-life factors" explain much of the recent trends in cross-state migration. Recent migrants were shown to be attracted to states with large amounts of sunshine, warmer winters, and numerous state parks; the study also found that people were less likely to move to states where there are many hazardous waste sites and higher rates of violent crime.e
a Cristobal Young, Charles Varner, and Douglas S. Massey, "Trends in New Jersey Migration: Housing, Employment, and Taxation," Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Policy Research Institute for the Region, September, 2008. Available on-line at www.princeton.edu/prior/.
b The California Budget Project, "The Number of High-Income Taxpayers Increased Significantly During a Period With 10 Percent and 11 Percent Tax Rates on High-Income Earners," August 2008. Available on-line at www.cbp.org.
c The Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy, "Where Have All of Maryland's Millionaires Gone?," May 2009.
d Andrew Leigh, "Do Redistributive Taxes Reduce Inequality?" National Tax Journal, Vol. LXI, 1, March 2008.
e Richard J. Cebula, "Internal Migration Determinants: Recent Evidence," International Advances in Economic Research, 11:267–274, 2005.
As a result, on average about 34 percent of state income taxes are collected in the second quarter of the calendar year (April-June) and about 22 percent are received during each of the remaining quarters. Because state fiscal years generally run from July 1 to June 30, this means that states receive about 45 percent of their income tax revenues during the first half of the fiscal year and about 55 percent in the second half.
When income taxes are increased or decreased, states must change the withholding tables that employers use and individual taxpayers must adjust their estimated payments. How quickly these changes occur will determine when a state will receive the additional revenue from a rate change.
Upper-bracket rate increases adopted in a given year would most likely either be retroactive to January 1 of that year or take effect on January 1 of the following calendar year. The additional revenue from an income tax rate increase enacted, for example, in the spring of 2009 and made retroactive to January 1, 2009 would mainly provide revenue beginning in the 2010 state fiscal year. But it would be possible to collect some of the additional revenue during the 2009 fiscal year by quickly adjusting withholding tables and the June estimated payment instructions.
If, on the other hand, a tax increase took effect January 1, 2010, about 45 percent of the increase would be received during the 2010 fiscal year and the rest would be collected in the 2011 fiscal year, when states are likely to have lingering fiscal problems.
As the fiscal crisis deepens, states need alternatives to relying only on budget cuts that endanger the well-being of struggling families and dampen economic demand. As part of a balanced approach, an upper-bracket income tax rate increase is an appropriate and effective way to raise revenue that is crucial to help address the massive budget gaps.
A key advantage of this approach is that it excludes low- and moderate-income taxpayers while helping to preserve programs and services upon which they are likely to rely. It would have a less negative impact on economic growth than would spending cuts, and, a further attraction is that for at least some taxpayers part of the cost would be borne by the federal government in the form of deductibility from federal income tax.
Methodological Appendix
How the Estimates in Tables 1 and 2 Were Computed
The figures in tables 1 and 2 are rough estimates of the revenue individual states could raise from income tax rate increases on two types of high-income taxpayers — those with incomes over $500,000, and those with incomes above the threshold for the richest 1 percent of households. Both sets of estimates were calculated based on national data sources. As a result, they will likely differ somewhat from estimates prepared by states. In general, a state's own estimate of the revenue-raising potential will be preferable to these estimates. However, these provide the best estimate of the amount of revenue that a state could raise by enacting an upper bracket rate increase for states where no state estimate has yet been prepared.
The estimates in Table 1 were derived from the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy's (ITEP) Personal Income Tax Model. The ITEP model is a tool for calculating revenue yield and incidence, by income group, of federal, state and local taxes. It calculates revenue yield for current tax law and proposed amendments to current law. As a "microsimulation model," it works on a very large stratified sample of tax returns and other data, aged to the year being analyzed. This is the same kind of model used by the U.S. Treasury Department, the congressional Joint Committee on Taxation and the Congressional Budget Office. The model relies on Internal Revenue Service data as well as other government and widely respected economic projections. [8]
The estimates in Tables 2 were based on federal Statistics of Income published by the Internal Revenue Service for Tax Year 2006, the most recent year available.[9] For each state, the IRS provides the following pieces of information on the richest 1 percent of federal income tax filers: the total number of returns; the total amount of adjusted gross income (AGI); and the minimum amount of income to be among the top 1 percent of taxpayers — also referred to as the "AGI floor." In order to estimate the total amount of income subject to the rate increase in each state, the total number of returns was multiplied by the AGI floor, yielding the total amount of income beneath the AGI floor. This figure was then subtracted from total adjusted gross income to obtain the total income above the AGI floor. Finally, all income above the AGI floor in each state was multiplied by 1 percent (the amount of the tax increase used in this paper), which produced the final revenue estimates.
The federal Statistics of Income data by state differ from state figures in part because SOI data are attributed to a state based on the address shown on the federal income tax return, which might differ from the official state of residency for state tax purposes. This will have a particularly large impact in states where many people live in one state and work in a neighboring state. In 2005, for example, 15 percent of New York's total state income tax liability was owed by taxpayers not living there. In addition, the estimates are based on total AGI, which does not take into account such individual features of a state tax system as personal exemptions and standard deductions.
As noted above, the estimates in Tables 1 and 2 were derived from two different data sources, covering different taxable years. ITEP's micro-simulation model is based on income earned in 2008, while the IRS Statistics of Income data are based on income earned in tax year 2006. Additionally, ITEP's model accounts for numerous state-specific factors not included in the SOI data, such as different personal exemptions and standard deductions. As a result, the estimates in Tables 1 and 2 are not directly comparable. These estimates are meant to provide a rough idea of the amount of revenue that could be raised from tax increases affecting these two types of high income households.
[1] The nine states that do not levy a broad-based income tax are Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming.
[2] Peter Orszag and Joseph Stiglitz, " Budget Cuts vs. Tax Increases at the State Level: Is One More Counter-Productive than the Other During a Recession? " Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, revised November 6, 2008.
[3] The Tax Policy Center projects that in 2011, under current federal tax law, 26 percent of taxpayers with total incomes between $500,000 and $1 million and 21 percent of taxpayers with incomes above $1 million will pay taxes under the AMT.
[4] Jared Bernstein, Elizabeth McNichol, and Andrew Nicholas, "Pulling Apart: A State-by-State Analysis of Income Trends," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, Economic Policy Institute, April 2008.
[5] Arthur B. Kennickell, "Ponds and Streams: Wealth and Income in the U.S., 1989 to 2007," Federal Reserve Board, January 7, 2009.
[6] This share of income going to the richest families increased through 2006 despite a temporary interruption in growth as the result of the 2001 recession. Very recently, the highest-income families are likely again seeing declines in real income, due both to the broad sweep of the current recession on the job market and to the loss of realized capital gains due to the decline of the stock market. This could reduce the share of income accruing to the highest-income families. However, if the experience of the 2001 recession is repeated, their incomes will again bounce back strongly. In addition, high-income families have more savings to cushion the impact of the economic slowdown than the low- and moderate-income families who benefited least from the recent expansion and are also hard hit by the recession.
[7] These estimates include only the tax that would be paid by state residents, not the typically small amount of a state's income taxes paid by nonresidents.
[8] For detailed information on the ITEP's model and methodology, visit www.itepnet.org/model.htm.
[9] The IRS Statistics of Income data by descending cumulative percentiles is located on-line at http://www.irs.gov/taxstats/index.html. Estimates for this analysis were derived from Table 1 under the section, "Individual Income Tax Returns with Positive Adjusted Gross Income."
PDF of this report (13pp.)


text:
Q: pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: pyramid==1.3a7 So, a few days ago, I was trying to boot up Django with pyramid and work some web magic way outside of my skillset and ended up messing up a lot of important things. For a while I couldn't even run python. I ended up fixing that by changing my system variable PYTHONHOME.
Now I am running into problems with pserve. When I run pserve development.ini --reload I am getting a traceback:
File "C:\env\Scripts\pserve-script.py", line 5, in <module>
   from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 2607, in <module>
File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 565, in resolve
pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: pyramid==1.3a7

any suggestions on what to look for? I have two friends that are able to run everything, so if there is anything I should be comparing to, I can do that.
Thank you!

A: I ended up deleting the environmental variables PYTHONHOME and PYTHONPATH and everything is working as before.
I assume it was looking in some incorrect directories because of those system variables and thus not being able to locate my version of pyramid.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


On Feb. 10, Venus will enter Pisces and we'll all fall prey to her seductive whims. Venus, goddess of romance, love, and satisfaction, is especially potent during Pisces, one of the dreamiest and emotional signs of all the zodiac. This will have us all aching with desire, wanting our hearts filled with meaning and poetry. You'll probably fall in love, over and over again, with everything beautiful you come in contact with. This makes it the perfect time to conjure some magic into your life and these easy Venus is in Pisces love spells are all you need to suffuse your soul with passion.
Whether you're dying to meet your soulmate, hurting over your last breakup, or even just hoping to make some new friends, there's something for everyone during Venus in Pisces. Your heart will be pounding harder, your smiles will stretch wider, your tears will flow more profoundly, and overall, everything will feel more meaningful. Especially with Valentine's Day right around the corner, a love spell during this time will help all your romantic dreams come true.
An important thing to note about love spells is that magic should never be used to control another person. For example, instead of casting a spell to make someone in particular fall in love with you, you should cast a spell to attract your ideal lover. This way, the universe can pair you up with someone who is right for you, rather than someone who might be wrong for you, against their free will.
Along with the water and the oils, allow these words to permeate your rose quartz. Allow the candle to burn all the way through. Whenever you feel ready, remove the rose quartz from the bowl and dry it off. Take it with you wherever you go or leave it in a safe space you return to often. The quartz is now charged with energy that will attract more friends than you'll know what to do with.
When you're ready, place the rose quartz in your lap or clutch it with your fist. Then drink the tea. While you drink it, imagine your love holding you from behind, making you feel warm and loved. Allow the candle to burn all the way through. When you've finished, keep the rose quartz with you always or leave it in a safe place. It will attract your ideal lover in no time.
When you are ready, pull the crystals out of the bowl and dry them off. Keep them in a safe place or keep them with you at all times. The rose quartz will soothe your heart while the obsidian will protect you from further harm. The combination of both, plus the healing powers of eucalyptus, will help you through this difficult period.


Organized talent, kept in neat numbers making for beautiful presentation. If you keep your work in bullets, all numbered well it puts a great impression on the manager. Moreover, if you can dig into the numbers and keep a detailed eye for insights, backing it up with statistics and facts it would add to the effect. This proves that you have an eye for understanding and gathering data into categories and make something of it. MOOCs (or Massive Open Online Courses) are a brilliant resource for learning data analysis. Another software which comes in handy if you know beforehand is Excel and knowing means, being proficient with it. This is required because most companies do not have the time to teach you these skills, and if you come prepackaged they would be encouraged to hire you.
Hiring managers always love to have innovators around. Even if it is a clerical job, innovators add to the company and this quality is a clearly a brilliant thing to possess. The creative skills cannot be acquired instantly, but reading, writing and being in some activities which enhance your brain can really do wonders for you. People who share new ideas spell excitement for the hiring managers, who work to get the best talent on the table and acquire them for their organization. Developing a creative confidence is the first step in being creative. The sooner you start, the better!
If you are employed by the company, it obvious that you will have to communicate with clients in-person, on phone, via mail or other forms of communication. The good part here is, if you are a great communicator it shall be apparent on your resume and during your interview. But if aren't one then perhaps you will have to learn some tricks of the town to learn the communication strategy. The communication skills are the ones which just need a lot of practice to blossom. After they have, they are a force to reckon with. The greatest of communicators become so by taking feedback.
If you possess great skills and have all what it takes, but lack the most important virtue of it all, then my friend you seem to have lost it. Understanding the character and personality is always on the top agenda of any hiring manager. If you be humble about your work and your skills, if puts a great impression on them. Selling yourself, does not imply you be blunt about how awesome you are. It just means, that you need to employ subtleties to offer your work to the managers!


The only way to describe the skiing this afternoon at Greek Peak is UGLY. It is amazing that we could go from an absolutely perfect day of skiing on Thursday to plug ugly on Saturday afternoon. It was raining, the visibility was poor, the goggles were covered with rain dots and the slope was dotted with signs of "thin and bare spots". There has been an incredible loss of snow. I even had to remove my skis to get to the Elysian Fields and Karyotis. Surprisingly Trojan had the best snow.
So I think I placed a jinx on the weather when I bought snow tires this week! This is the first year in 30 years that I decided to purchase snow tires for my car. After we had such a consistent run of snowy roads I was convinced that this winter was going to be marked by a deluge of snow. Some of my ski companions suggested that my purchase of snow tires shook the universe and as a result the rains have come. Woe is me if that is true.
Even though the skiing today was ugly, I am still enough of an avid skier that I can say even a bad day of skiing is still a good day! And yes, I did tough it out long enough to declare it an "official day". Enough runs to qualify for the official day designation.
Can You See a Skier on the Right Hand Slope?


Demand-driven S&OP is meant to close the gap between a company's long-term forecasts and its short-term responsiveness. Here are the fundamentals of this new approach.
required by using a material requirements planning tool is no longer effective for today's volatile and complex logistics and supply chains. Instead, some believe that an approach called demand-driven S&OP can help.
The traditional approach goes like this: In many companies, sales and operations planning (S&OP), a forecast-based sales planning approach, is conducted by the sales team once a year to set sales targets. The operations team then uses material requirements planning, or MRP, for materials planning processes to ensure all daily, weekly or monthly production and procurement takes place on time to meet the sales forecast.
The problem with that traditional approach is that forecasts from S&OP are typically inaccurate due to factors such as changing customer demands and supply disruptions. Since the materials planning process is based on those original forecasts -- that is, inaccurate forecasts -- too much or too little stock is produced.
In contrast to that top-down, one-way approach, demand-driven S&OP links S&OP with MRP in an ongoing, two-way approach to information and material flows, where changes and real-world happenings inform the materials planning process.
Demand-driven S&OP, an initiative of the Demand Driven Institute, combines the business objectives of S&OP with MRP by being adaptive to the changes in materials' actual supply and demand situations at both the strategic and tactical levels. S&OP closely aligns with the strategic nature of materials planning on longer horizons, such as annual, quarterly or monthly; the tactical nature of MRP aligns with its shorter planning horizons, such as weekly, daily or even hourly.
SAP is developing its own demand-driven S&OP application, but there's no firm release date yet. For now, third-party vendors are offering demand-driven S&OP as an add-on to SAP S/4HANA, SAP Supply Chain Management (SCM) and SAP Integrated Business Planning (IBP).
Proactive engagement with a company's senior management is a key success factor of demand-driven S&OP, and it is achieved when a constant and consistent flow of data and information helps users make important strategic decisions.
Coupled with demand-driven MRP, demand-driven S&OP provides capabilities for a company to put its working capital and resources to effective use.
Here, demand-driven MRP, another new approach to materials planning, provides the valuable information on the demand and supply positions of materials. Demand-driven MRP shortens the lead times, lowers inventory and increases customer services for a company, and thus enables a company to take advantage of newfound capabilities to increase its market share, enter new markets or introduce new products.
In this step, the finance team needs to get proactively involved in ensuring that strategic decisions, such as an increase in the product portfolio, have positive financial implications. Demand-driven S&OP achieves a far higher success rate when the finance team is involved in all five steps of demand-driven S&OP planning and execution.
Similarly, involving key stakeholders, such as customers, sales, marketing, product development, manufacturing and sourcing, provides much better insight into what it takes to succeed and where everyone is part of the decision-making processes -- and, consequently, can make stakeholders feel more invested.
Demand-driven S&OP is not only able to manage the demand and supply situation of the current product portfolio, but can also manage other portfolios that may be in various lifecycles. For example, a product portfolio can include new products that do not have any historical data, and another portfolio can include products that will eventually be phased out, with their waning demand ensuring reduced supply.
It isn't uncommon for a company to have multiple strategies to manage multiple product portfolios based on their lifecycles.
Traditionally, the sales team has been the driver to predict or forecast what the customers may buy. But forecasting has generally been quite inaccurate, often leading companies to operate in a firefighting mode or in a situation where in-demand products are unavailable, while slow-moving stock piles up.
Therefore, it makes sense to have aggregated plans for products that can absorb demand variability while ensuring an uninterrupted supply rather than predicting products at individual SKU levels. Demand-driven MRP plays a central role in managing demand in demand-driven S&OP.
Demand-driven MRP is an integral part of demand-driven S&OP and, as already mentioned, they complement one another through a bidirectional and timely flow of information.
Demand-driven MRP relies on actual demand to position where inventory is and how much to hold to minimize lead times and reduce variability in the supply chain. It does so by dynamically adjusting strategic stock positions to promote flow and to reduce inventory capital.
Materials planning using demand-driven S&OP does not result in a fixed or rigid master production schedule, which has traditionally been the norm. Coupled with demand-driven MRP, demand-driven S&OP provides capabilities for a company to put its working capital and resources (machines and manpower) to effective use.
What tools does your company use to improve materials planning?


text:
Building Inspection Wishart
ABIS Building Inspectors conduct | Building and Pest Inspections | Warranty Inspections | Handover Inspections | and other Building Inspections in this area
Wishart (4122)
Situated 14 km south-east of Brisbane, Wishart (4122) was originally on a stock route from farms south of Brisbane to the Saleyards at Canon Hill. The route was functional until the 1960s but was progressively encroached upon as land was developed into smaller blocks and eventually closed entirely when land was subdivided for residential building blocks. The Bulimba Creek flows through Wishart which has three schools.
In 2011, 10,500 people lived in wish art, their average age being 37 years. Residents are from a diverse range of backgrounds having been born in Australia, England, China, South Africa, India, and New Zealand. Cantonese, Greek, Korean, Hindi, and Mandarin were spoken second to English at home.
Building & Pest Inspection
Handovers
Handover Inspection
Building Stage Reports
Warranty Building Report


Constructed from solid mango wood and select hardwoods.
Butterfly leaf in tables add function and versatility.
X Back chairs, backless dining bench and 24" barstools with comfortable cushion seats.
Brushed metal knobs on server.
Adjustable shelving in cabinet doors of server.
Server has emovable wine rack which holds 12 standard wine bottles.
English dovetail drawer fronts and backs.


I actually have visible it happening in nearly all of the seminars and conferences that I even have attended. As businesspersons, we enjoy the opportunity of networking that breaks of espresso and lunch among long sessions and powerpoint shows provide us. Plates and glasses in hand, small companies shape on the ground of the exercise front room; and mild to reasonably intense conversations blossom forth. Talk to these agencies approximately something beneath the sun: be it making plans, be it the modern day law or ruling on taxes, be it the latest opportunity in a few distinctive venture, be it the trendy rumor about a few takeover or acquisition, the participants are brimming with it all, eagerly replacing notes. But, the moment somebody utters the phrase "software", you can nearly see visions of high-tech computer labs, of nerds and techno-geeks, banging their keyboards, of tough-to-pronounce words and heavy jargon, clouding the visage of most of the listeners around. It is as if there is an invisible barrier that breaks the steps of those otherwise very techno-savvy, and very, very computer-literate people. Taking that one single step, from the usage of any person's software to run one's business, to developing perhaps a good higher program and then selling it and creating wealth, is, in fact, simple, but psychologically daunting.
Yet, the business of software program development is these days one of the maximum exciting domains, with every new day throwing up new models, newer methods of doing things, and more modern technology that keeps the broth within the pot stirring. As in another commercial enterprise, it has its share of lovely successes in addition to mega screw ups. The challenges that an entrepreneur faces in a software venture are the identical that any businessperson gets to stand in some other undertaking: competition from new merchandise on the market, market guidelines that outline the way you play the game, clients with fickle loyalties, threats of acquisitions / takeover (if you are a public retaining outfit),… Yes, the terrain is pretty similar, all right.
It is the presence of certain uniquely topographical capabilities on this terrain that makes the area interesting. As entrepreneur and businessperson, you have to truly apprehend those specific functions a good way to make your adventure both fun and worthwhile.
– While nearly every business on the earth deals with goods which are tangible; meaning, they may be seen, touched, and felt, the enterprise of software development offers with an entity that is intangible: ideas. This implies two things: One, which you virtually do now not want lots startup capital to launch the undertaking. Just a standard computing device, a broadband connection, and an awesome running ambiance around you, and you are in commercial enterprise. And, the second point is essentially a corollary of the primary: if you ever want to exit from this area, the go out ache is minimal (simplest the emotional tugs at your coronary heart will preserve to hurt for a while). If you've got entered into legally-binding contracts along with your customers or companies or another organization within the direction of your commercial enterprise, then obviously, extricating yourself from them will want some deft footwork.
– In the business of software program, there is a level gambling field for all of the gamers. So it does now not remember if you are a one-man or woman outfit running from your kitchen or a deep-pocket honcho who flies in their very own Boeing around the sector, with an army of programmers working for you. It is the idea that you are running on, it's miles the software that you have produced, that subjects. If your concept has the ability to change the way the world features, or if it can do things in an incrementally better, extra effective, or saves on expenses, then your product takes less time to attain your clients than it takes you to blink! With net turning into ubiquitous and bandwidth speeds burning optical fibers throughout continents, facts approximately your product and its specific benefits can attain the ways corners of the sector inside no time. By the time your competition, massive and small, scramble to cobble up an answer that mimics your product's capability or betters it, you will have reaped the benefits of being the primary mover; and its impact in your bank account is truly handsome.
– It becomes within the domain of software program that outsourcing as a version becomes first devised and carried out. Today, and that is very essential, you need no longer be a software program professional or programmer or coder your self for you to run a software commercial enterprise. You have the choice of hiring those who are professionals within the profession on monthly or on assignment-by way of-undertaking basis, and that too at the pleasant charges. Since the "items" that those humans produce is in the shape of software that can be transferred to you over communique wires (or thru wi-fi ether), they will be sitting half of-way around the sector for all you care.
– The software isn't a use-and-throw consumable like a can of coke or the battery of your watch. People use it and use it again and again. In truth, the extra they use it, the more your product becomes indispensable to them. The "shelf existence" of your products is, theoretically at least, infinity. But humans as they're, you'll invariably begin receiving complaints and suggestions about how the product may be advanced upon similarly. This leads you to generate a new avatar of the identical product, one which has extra bells and whistles than its predecessor. The ethical is this: if your purchase is glad about your product and becomes used for your product, and in case you maintain them satisfied with more modern versions of the same (at an incremental price that goes smoothly on their wallet and also brings food in your desk), your customer base is steady.
I can provide you with different factors that make this line of enterprise particular; however, you get the idea. The market is full of ways to books on how to pass about putting in place a software commercial enterprise and make it a success; a brief browse thru the effects that Google throws up will lead you to them. I came across one book that changed into written in 2001. Written via Benjamin Prater, this ebook's fashion is typical of American advertising campaigns: lots of hype and plenty of hooplas. But if you reduce away all hype and hoopla, and dip into the contents, there are a variety of gems that you could take away with you.
Introspect. Turn inward and ask yourself searching questions. It does no longer matter in case you are not a technogeek or a nerd. It does now not count if you cannot apprehend laptop programming. But in case you are an entrepreneur at coronary heart when you have the heart and the perseverance to tackle an assignment, you'll discover plenty of it inside the enterprise of growing and selling software. You will of path find masses of money in this business.


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