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Le souletin (Zuberera en basque) est un dialecte basque particulier parlé dans la Soule (la plus petite des sept provinces historiques du Pays basque, dans l'est). Il présente quelques spécificités linguistiques et phonétiques, qui le singularisent. Sa prononciation se différencie des autres parlers euscariens soit par des innovations dues notamment à l'influence du gascon voisin (voyelle ü), soit par conservatisme (h aspiré). Le souletin présente également des spécificités dans ses déclinaisons, sa morphologie verbal et son lexique.

Classification dialectale actuelle
D'après le linguiste Koldo Zuazo, la langue basque se compose aujourd'hui de cinq dialectes principaux :
 l'occidental (anciennement biscayen) ;
 le central (anciennement guipuscoan) ;
 le navarrais ;
 le navarro-labourdin ;
 le souletin.

Le souletin
Le dialecte souletin est parlé dans une trentaine de communes de la province de Soule :
 Haute-Soule : Alçay-Alçabéhéty-Sunharette, Alos-Sibas-Abense-de-Haut, Barcus, Camou-Cihigue, Etchebar, Haux, Lacarry-Arhan-Charritte-de-Haut, Laguinge-Restoue, Larrau, Lichans-Sunhar, Licq-Athérey, Sainte-Engrace, Tardets-Sorholus et Trois-Villes.
 Arbaille : Aussurucq, Garindein, Gotein-Libarrenx, Idaux-Mendy, Menditte, Musculdy, Ordiarp, Ossas-Suhare, Pagolle, Roquiague et Sauguis-Saint-Etienne.
 Basse-Soule : Aïnharp, Arrast-Larrebieu, Berrogain-Laruns, Charritte-de-Bas, Chéraute, Espès-Undurein, l'Hôpital-Saint-Blaise, Mauléon-Licharre, Moncayolle-Larrory-Mendibieu, Oyhercq et Viodos-Abense-de-Bas.

Il est à noter que les communes de Basse-Soule d'Aroue-Ithorots-Olhaïby, Domezain-Berraute, Etcharry et Lohitzun sont de dialecte navarro-labourdin.

Les communes de Montory, Osserain-Rivareyte et Gestas sont quant à elles de langue occitane gasconne.

Conventions phonétiques et orthographiques

Syntaxe

Déclinaison

Verbe

Phonologie

Vocalisme

 u > ü
Le son /u/ évolue en /y/, probablement par influence du gascon, sauf dans les cas suivants :

a) En contact avec r dans certains cas : hur (eau, liquide, ur en basque standard), mais hür (fruit); gü (nous, gu en basque standard) et zü (vous, zu en basque standard), mais gu(r)e (nos, gure en basque standard) ou bien zu(r)i (à vous, zuri en basque standard).

b) En contact avec rd ou rth: úrdin, urthail.

c) Devant s: ikhúsi, bústi, gustátü.

d) Lorsque u est le produit de la fermeture de /o/ en /u/ en contact avec une nasale :  Nun (non en basque standard, où), huñ (oin en basque standard, pied), ezkúntü (marier, ezkondu en basque standard).

 o > u,
Fermeture /o/ en /u/ en contact avec une nasale : uhuñ (ohoin en basque standard, voleur), hun (on en basque standard, bon), dans les interrogatifs: nur (nor en basque standard, qui), nuiz (< noiz, quand), zuñ (< zoin, quel, lequel), etc.

 i - ü > ü - ü
Métaphonie régressive de /y/ sur /i/: düzü, nündüzün, ükhüzi (laver, ikuzi, garbitu en basque central), üthüri (iturri), üngürü (environ, inguru en basque standard).

 üa > ia: zah. aingürüa > egun aingü(r)ía (ange, aingerua en basque standard).

 au > ai ia erabat : gaiza (gauza), gai (gau), iáñ (iraun).

 Maintien dans antique voyelle nasale comme en roncalais : ãhãl, ãmã, ãhãri, mĩhĩ, e.a.

Consonantisme

 Présence de neuf consonnes sifflantes au lieu des six habituelles due au contact avec le gascon.

 Chute du r simple intervocalique et simplification de rr: ági (viande, haragi en basque standard), iói (tomber, erori en basque standard), parfois óo (oro). De la même façon, rr > r: üthüri (source, fontaine, iturri  en basque standard), héri (village, pays, herri en basque standard).

 Présence d'occlusives aspirées comme dans une grande partie des dialectes septentrionaux mais avec une plus grande fréquence et une plus grande persistance : bethi, aiphátü, ikhúsi, belhar, lanhú, urhentü (finir, terminer, bukatu).

 Après n ou l, p et t intervocaliques anciens sont conservés sourds : -entako, sükhalte (sukalde), etxalte (ferme, etxalde, baserri en basque standard), igante (dimanche, igande en basque standard), hántik et hánko (handik et hango en basque standard), etc.

Accent

 Dans la plupart des cas, c'est l'avant-dernière syllabe qui est accentuée : bezaláko.

Sauf :

a) Au singulier : neská jin düzü (neska etorri da), zuñ néska (zein neska) mugagabean

b) ginén, zinén < *ginaen, *zinaen.

c) Dans la distinction entre singulier et pluriel : lagü´nak/lagünék, lagüná(r)i/lagünér, lagünáen/lagünén

d) ardú, gazná, orgá < *ardano, *gaztana, *organa.

Morphologie verbale

 Partizipioa + -RIK : nekaturik, egonik, emanik vs. nekatuta/nekatua, egonda/egona, e.a.

 NOR-NORI-NORK adizkietan, ekialde osoan erabiltzen den *eradun erroa, ei bilakatu da: deit (dit), deitade (didate), deizüt (dizut).
 Ekialdeko euskararen zuka edo zuketa, errespetuzko tratamendua: ahantzi zita(da)züt 'ahantzi zait', jeiki nündüzün 'jeiki nintzen', jin düzü 'etorri da'. Hegoaldean zuka bezala ezagutzen dena -hau da, tratamendu neutroa- oso testuinguru gutxitan erabiltzen da zubereraz, hala nola jendaurreko mintzaldietan.

Lexique

Aujourd'hui, plus de 60 % des  Souletins sont bascophones, mais la diminution du nombre de locuteurs chez les jeunes et le manque d'emploi peut à terme comporter un risque pour la pérennisation du dialecte. Néanmoins, le travail mené par les associations culturelles dans lesquelles beaucoup de jeunes s'investissent permet au dialecte de se maintenir, malgré la standardisation de la langue avec le basque unifié, qui ne semble pas évincer le souletin.

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 linguistique
 liste de langues
 langues par famille
 basque
 navarro-labourdin

Liens externes
  Carte des dialectes basques réalisée par Koldo Zuazo en 2004

Notes et références

Références

Dialecte du basque
Langues et dialectes dans les Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Soule
Inventaire de langues


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Somain es una comuna francesa situada en el departamento de Norte, en la región de Alta Francia. Tiene una población estimada, en 2019, de 11 934 habitantes.

Está integrada en la Communauté de communes Cœur d'Ostrevent, de la cual es el municipio con mayor población.

Demografía

Forma parte de la aglomeración urbana de Valenciennes.

Personalidades destacadas

Manuel Jose Broutin (Somain, 1826 - San Sebastián, 1883) maestro de esgrima

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 INSEE

Localidades de Norte

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Bevard is just one example among many who have experienced job loss due to the changing nature of the global economy. Yet despite the fact that the United States labor market ranks second to none when it comes to job turnover, our safety net for easing job transitions remains one of the weakest among the wealthy economies of the world. Our unemployment benefits are shorter than those of other countries, and displaced workers face the prospect of losing health benefits along with their income. It is time to strengthen the nation's safety net to help the U.S. economy remain competitive.
The rationale for change is clear: American workers today face a very different employment outlook than their parents encountered in the 1960s when President John F. Kennedy first enacted Trade Adjustment Assistance, a federal program that extends unemployment benefits to workers who lose their jobs or whose jobs are changed as a result of increased imports. The current wave of globalization dwarfs previous episodes, and too many workers who lose jobs as part of these tectonic economic shifts tend to take new jobs with lower earnings — on average, 14 to 16 percent less. The consequences of job loss are particularly damaging in import-competing industries, such as automobiles and textiles, where displaced workers face longer spells of unemployment and greater permanent wage declines than workers in other industries.
The nation can and must do more to help insure the livelihoods of American workers and their families in the face of these uncertainties, while preserving the benefits of an open and innovative economy. The answer to globalization is not to turn inward as some are advocating; that is both unrealistic and unwise. Instead, policymakers can immediately take action to assist workers by strengthening the income and health insurance programs available to workers during periods of unemployment, broadening access and improving the quality of retraining programs, and insuring against sharp earnings losses once reemployed.
The Worker Empowerment Act of 2007, recently introduced by Sen. Charles Schumer (D-N.Y.) and Rep. Jim McDermott (D-Wash.), is a farsighted and concrete response to these trends. It proposes a comprehensive wage insurance program that would replace 50 percent of workers' lost wages for up to two years, for up to $10,000 per year, provided that the workers meet certain requirements, such as that they were with their former employer for at least two years. If passed, it is expected to help 350,000 to 500,000 workers and their families annually, depending on economic circumstances.
The price tag for the bill amounts to an insurance premium of roughly $24 per worker per year — a small price to help protect America's workers and keep our nation more competitive. Additionally, evidence suggests that wage insurance encourages workers to consider different types of jobs and sectors of employment, broadening the job search and the job prospects for workers.
I believe we have a brief window of opportunity to align our nation's policies against the new economic realities facing American families. The time to act is now and we should begin with a wage insurance program to help Americans brace against the winds of global competition.


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You are at:Home»Articles»Brain Drain
THE COST OF TECHNOLOGY: Electronic health records are sucking the joy out of physicians and leading to burnout. iStock photo
By Kris Cambra	on	 May 2017
Can we remedy the digital malaise?
It started with a picture drawn by a 7-year-old girl. In brilliant color, she depicted herself and her happy family in a physician's exam room. The doctor, though smiling kindly, is typing away at the computer, his back to the family.
The image was a wake-up call for the physician in the picture, Thomas Murphy, MD RES'12 F'15, and his colleagues at Rhode Island Hospital. Murphy was a pediatric resident at the time, a "very special resident," according to Elizabeth "Betsy" Toll, MD, clinical associate professor of pediatrics and of medicine. He had already done a Navy internship and served two years as chief medical officer on an aircraft carrier of 2,500 people.
"He arrived, as an intern, a fully trained physician," she says. "And yet, he was very humble, and very beloved by his colleagues, and his patients, and their parents. So along with the powerful message of this drawing came the sickening feeling: if this is how patients are looking at Tom Murphy, how are they seeing the rest of us?"
Toll was determined to find a way to share that picture and to get people to recognize how computers, and specifically the electronic health record (EHR), were intruding in the exam room. She wrote a reflective essay, called "The Cost of Technology," that was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2012.
This drawing by a 7-year-old raised the alarm about the impact of computers on the patient-practitioner relationship. Courtesy Tom Murphy
That was exciting, she says, "but even more exciting was what happened afterward. People wrote from all over the United States and other countries like Argentina and Australia—doctors, nurses, lawyers, all kinds of medical professionals, most of them sharing my angst that their jobs had been stolen from them, and that they'd spent huge amounts of money to have this machine that doesn't work well, that interferes with their ability to connect with their patients, the most meaningful and enjoyable part of their work."
A few voices said it didn't have to be that way, that physicians just needed to learn how to use the technology with the patient.
One voice belonged to Shmuel Reis, MD, an Israeli family physician, educator, and researcher on effective integration of technology in clinical care who has had a longstanding relationship with the Warren Alpert Medical School.
"We started a dialogue, and we had really diametrically opposite experiences," Reis says. "As much as Betsy was in the angst of having to have a computer, I was already there in my 20-something year with computers in my practice, and I love my computer."
Reis is part of a group of educators working on communication methods to use the computer effectively as part of the patient encounter "as an enabler, not a disabler," he says. But the challenge is two-fold, as records systems used in the US are part of the problem, their design interfering and altering, wholesale, the work of the physician.
After communicating with others in the field who were thinking about and researching the topic, Toll and Reis decided there was a need for an entire conference devoted to how the electronic health record has affected the patient-practitioner relationship. In 2015, Allan R. Tunkel, MD, PhD, associate dean of medical education, gave them the green light to host an international conference at Brown, beginning an 18-month planning period with the support of Warren Alpert Medical School's Office of Continuing Medical Education.
The payoff was "The Patient, the Practitioner, and the Computer: Holding on to the Core of Our Healing Professions in a Time of Technological Change," a three-day conference held in March that brought together patients and practitioners—including physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, medical assistants, and mental health professionals—as well as vendors and technology designers, health care stakeholders, and government officials from seven countries to study the impact of the EHR on the patient-practitioner interaction. Believed to be the first meeting of its kind, its goals were to open a dialogue among these stakeholders, determine what can and should be changed, and chart a course for getting there.
In theory, the EHR sounds like a perfect idea. We all walk around with computers in our pockets anyway, so why not harness the technology in health care? Sharing medical records across systems, even competing ones, can improve patient safety and decrease duplication of care. With such potential, the federal government provided financial carrots to get providers to adopt EHRs, writing a $20 billion provision into the economic stimulus bill in 2009. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act provided Medicare and Medicaid incentive payments to practices and hospitals that demonstrated "meaningful use" of EHR technology certified by the Department of Health and Human Services. Later, in 2015, the carrot became a stick: providers faced a reduction in Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement of 1 percent that increased each year that they did not demonstrate meaningful use of the technology, to a maximum of 5 percent.
According to the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, by 2015, 87 percent of office-based physicians had some form of EHR. The same year, nearly all (96 percent) non-federal acute care hospitals had a certified EHR.
Indeed, the EHR hasn't been all bad. Respondents on one panel at the conference were asked to list the unintended positive benefits of their system. They unanimously agreed on a few: patients have more information about their health because of access to patient portals driven by the EHR; practitioners can see other physicians' documentation, noting their concerns, which helps with coordinating care; and, when properly designed and implemented, EHRs can actually save time, improve efficiency, and decrease administrative burden.
Hedy Wald, PhD, a member of the planning committee and an expert in physician resiliency and professional identity formation, saw the value of the EHR in patient education when she became the cancer caregiver for a family member. "The physician opened up the scans, showed us on the screen what was happening in the brain. It helped us understand so much better," she says.
Negative consequences, however, have eclipsed the positive, and according to the literature, EHRs are spurring physician burnout and even driving some out of practice. According to a study by the American Medical Association, more than half of US medical doctors report symptoms of burnout such as emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Burnout rose tenfold in three years—almost double the rate in the general population. Typically, higher levels of education are protective, but not so for physicians.
Christine Sinsky, MD, the AMA vice president for professional satisfaction, delivered the conference's keynote lecture. A study she coauthored found that the major driver of professional dissatisfaction among physicians was the EHR. The chief complaint: "too much time per task." She described a time-motion study published last year in the Annals of Internal Medicine that found that physicians spent a full 50 percent of the workday doing EHR and desk work.
And it's not just the workday. Other studies have found that every hour of direct patient contact generates two hours of computer work. You don't have to be a mathematician to predict what comes when the hours no longer fit in the prescribed workday: after-hours charting.
If Norman Rockwell were alive today, he might paint a tableau of the modern physician described by Betsy Toll. Every night, she and her husband, a pediatrician, get in their pajamas, build a fire, pull out their laptops, and chart across a card table from one another. "We're empty nesters now, but I wonder, how are doctors with young children managing their work?" she says. "What kind of attention are their children getting?"
Ross Hilliard, MD RES'15, assistant professor of medicine (clinical), sees patients in the ambulatory clinic at Rhode Island Hospital and at University Medicine. He's a certified physician builder on Epic, the nation's second-largest health record system and the one used by Lifespan and Care New England. He says based on their usage data, they see some clear trends in EHR use.
"People are spending a lot of time outside of the office charting," Hilliard says. "A look at our provider data shows us people are on the system as early as 4 a.m., then there's what we call the 'commuting dip' between 7 and 8, and after that the system is active until 1 a.m." On the ambulatory side, the only lull in usage occurs between 1 and 4 a.m.
Other studies have shown similar trends. "Saturday night belongs to Epic," Sinsky said at the conference, noting one study that found system traffic peaks on the weekend.
One of the most lamented aspects of the electronic record systems is the endless checking of boxes. Sinsky worries that clicking through the tasks as prompted by the system leads to automation. "If we march through the visit in a generic way," she said in her remarks, "we'll start to see our patients as generic, and stop listening to their stories." In her role at the AMA, Sinsky travels the country taking the pulse of the nation's physicians. They tell her things like, "I became a doctor to take care of patients. I have become the typist."
Those check boxes, Toll says, are not designed with the patient visit in mind, but to serve billing and regulatory systems. The number of checked items determines the level of reimbursement insurers will pay, or demonstrates compliance with Medicare regulations. Other regulatory-driven questions come from The Joint Commission, the state, and hospitals' or practices' own policies. And every little click adds up.
Shmuel Reis offers an international perspective. In Israel, where the electronic health record system was paid for by the government, the physician workflow is the driver. "They wanted people to be efficient. They wanted all the functions of prescribing, refilling, and documenting to be efficient and as few clicks away as possible," he says. And in a single-payer health system, there are no insurance-driven questions.
"In my practice," Toll says, "it takes five clicks to order one flu shot." Studies have shown the average emergency room shift includes 4,000 physician clicks.
Interfaces that are not well designed are going to cause problems even for digital natives. Hilliard, who entered practice just as the transition from paper charts to EHRs was happening, says: "The biggest predictor [of problems]is how many clicks it takes to do something in the record. That's going to be painful for anybody."
Overly busy screens can lead to information overload. Toll uses the example of ordering prescriptions. Prescribing an antibiotic can involve searching through a long list of options to make the right selection. "What if I click the wrong one?" she says. Information processing like this increases cognitive workload.
Reis says the problem isn't just the EHR itself, it's that practitioners are not learning how to use it in their communication with patients. They are not learning how to shift attention from the computer to the patient, in order to maintain eye contact. They are trying to multitask, in real time, with the patient watching.
"It's like texting and driving," Toll says. Continuously dividing one's attention is damaging to the physician-patient relationship.
By design, patients were front and center at the Patient, the Practitioner, and the Computer conference. The planning committee, Toll says, wanted patients to be an integral part of the discussion, and included one on every panel. Most patients living with chronic conditions said they like the electronic health record because they feel it helps their doctors manage their complex care. One patient, Nicole Purcell, said during a stressful period in her life she had become less vigilant in caring for her type 1 diabetes. Sitting down with her doctor at the computer, and seeing her lab values in black and white, helped her get back on track.
But other patients report having less eye contact with their physicians makes them feel they do not have their full attention. The problem is not unique to the US: Reis says he hears it wherever he goes.
"Whenever I was traveling, and I was in a cab—whenever a cabby asked me what do I do, and I spoke about dealing with the computer in the exam room, invariably, cabbies all around the world said, 'Oh, me, my daughter, my mother went to the physician, and they didn't look us in the eye. They just look in the computer.' So it was a realization that, worldwide, people and professionals are experiencing some damage, some issue when it comes to communication," Reis says.
That's the heart of the problem, according to Toll. Think about why people go into healing professions in the first place. "It probably has to do with healing parts of ourselves," she says. "When you sit with patients and understand what's going on with them and help them and they're grateful, they, in turn, restore you."
Toll adds, "And I think for people who entered this field with the need—whether conscious or unconscious—to be healed in the course of healing, it comes as a rude shock to find we're spending our days in front of a computer screen."
Though the three days of the conference offered plenty of time for venting, a number of sessions provided workable solutions to improve or stave off EHR burnout and use the computer to improve patient care. Suggestions ranged from the individual level to the practice level, to larger-scale change involving software design and regulatory agencies.
One ongoing theme was greater involvement of patients in their own care, ranging from increased patient-physician interaction through portals to patients having access to their own office notes. Practices also can move toward a team-care delivery model using medical assistants and nurses for documentation and wraparound patient care. It follows the adage "everyone working at the top of their license," so physicians are doing the things only the physician can do, not documenting the visit, or doing billing and follow-up paperwork and calls. This is different from using scribes, who are simply documenting the visit.
Sinsky uses this model in her practice, and pointed out "that the delivery models of the future cannot be managed with the staffing models of the past. The ideal is two to three medical assistants or nurses per physician." At first, she was concerned patients would be wary of having another person in the room, but in practice it has only enhanced relationships with patients. They appreciate having another person looking out for them, she said. And patients always have the option of not having the medical assistant present.
At the tech design level, practitioners asked vendors to listen to their concerns and to think about real practice issues, rather than trying to replicate paper charts in a computerized format. One vendor, Christine Tremblay, director of product strategy for Rhode Island's Amazing Charts, said she wants next-generation records systems to incorporate machine learning and natural-language processing. That would free up physicians to document visits in a narrative rather than checkbox form.
Hilliard says health systems, too, need to involve practitioners in the adoption and development of their EHRs. "One of the things I was surprised to learn at the conference," he says, "was that more places than I thought really don't have providers at the table when making these decisions." Both Lifespan and University Medicine included providers in the process, he says.
He adds, "And don't just pick the most tech-savvy doctor, but maybe the least tech-savvy, too, to point out the painful and non-intuitive parts."
AN OUNCE OF PREVENTION
At the Warren Alpert Medical School, using the electronic health record is part of the curriculum, thanks in part to work done by Wald, Reis, Paul George, MHPE '01 MD'05 RES'08, assistant dean for medical education, and Julie S. Taylor, MD, MS, adjunct professor of family medicine. In 2014 they published a paper in Academic Medicine on teaching students how to enhance patient-centered care using the computer. The skills include positioning the patient, the practitioner, and the computer for optimal interaction; starting the encounter with the patient's concerns; and verbalizing a shift to the computer. Advanced skills encourage the patient's participation in building the chart, utilizing information from the chart for shared decision-making and to reinforce discussion as well as communicating a note to the interprofessional team.
Wald, a clinical professor of family medicine and director of Resident Resilience and Wellbeing for the residency programs in Child Neurology and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities at Boston Children's Hospital, lectures around the world on physician resilience and well-being, the state of which she calls "a public health crisis." In addition to the damage to physicians themselves, "it relates to patient safety," she says, "and to patient satisfaction. Data show that more engaged doctors have higher levels of patient satisfaction."
The answer is not to throw the EHRs out the window, however, nor is it to "fix the physician" alone. She advocates for organizations to cultivate a culture of resiliency in which leaders listen and respond to physicians' concerns. "There is an organizational strategy to reduce burnout," Wald says.
While no silver bullet was found in the course of the conference, just talking about the issues seemed to help. "There was a lot of creative energy and thinking about next steps," Toll says. Since the conference she's been reframing her thinking about the EHR. "Emotions are contagious. Patients are going to pick up on my attitude about the computer, positive or negative," she says. She has been preparing for visits in new ways, engaging nurses more in care, and doing more teaching using the EHR.
Tom Murphy, who's now a neonatologist in New Jersey, brought his patient's original drawing to the conference. He told the crowd that his feelings about the picture have shifted. "It changed from a cautionary tale to a tale of hope," he said. "That interaction and human connection will not be lost, just changed, so long as there are those of us who care enough to talk about these issues, who care enough to make these issues matter."
burnout EHR Spring 2017
Thanks, Chuck

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Jiangsu Qiwu marine development Co., Ltd was founded in 1987, is located in the national ecological demonstration zones, the national standards demonstration city of Macrobrachium rosenbergii -- Jiangsu Gaoyou City, the company formerly known as Gaoyou West Lake aquatic processing factory. in 2004, established "Jiangsu Qiwu marine development Co., Ltd, company address: No. 198 Qinyou Road Gaoyou City. located in the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway exit.the company is a private enterprise with the registered capital of 11,580,000 yuan, covers an area of 86 acres, 67,500,000 yuan in fixed assets, production workshop 22000 square meters (which in 2009 added 45 acres, 10500 tons new cold storage, 11500 square meters standard workshop), 3 sets automatic production line, 2 sets environmental purification equipment, 178 people the fixed staff, 850 seasonal workers. 36 medium, senior management staff, the bank credit rating AAA, company is the provincial agricultural industrialization leading enterprises setting aquatic breeding, processing, marketing, scientific research as whole , the main products are "Qiwu" brand shrimpmeat, shrimp, whitebait, crab and obtain "Green Food certificate". Jiangsu famous brand certificate, Jiangsu famous brand agricultural products certificate, Yangzhou famous brand certificate, Yangzhou famous trademark. company annual aquatic animial production was 11000 tons, sold in more than 10 provinces、cities and regions such asJiangsu, Shanghai, Beijing and Hongkong, Southeast Asia, the United States, the European Union etc.
Company registered in 2001 "Qiwu" trademark, 2006 obtains the national hygiene registration certificate and registration certificate of export breeding base, in 2006 the company became the Jiangsu province fishery industrialization growth backbone enterprises, the Jiangsu provincial agricultural industrialization leading enterprises, in 2011 won the national green food demonstration enterprise title, Jiangsu Province private technology enterprises , Yangzhou City "ten" agricultural leading enterprises.
In order to ensure the quality of products, the company has built a 100000 acre Gaoyou lake natural green aquatic production base and 5000 acres Macrobrachium rosenbergii export base and won the title of the national green industry demonstration base .shrimpMeat, shrimp, whitebait, crab meat obtained green food certificate. in 2006 won the right to export the commodity by inspection authorities approval, in 2007 passed the provincial level QS certification in 2010, HACCP food safety quality management system. The raw material are from the self-built,base and Gaoyou Lake .all processes are established the strict quality control measures. "Qiwu" brand aquatic products has been recognized as famous brand agricultural products in Jiangsu province and the quality of agricultural products the most trusted consumer. becomeing green aquatic product raw material supply base of Beijing Songhe Lou, Shanghai Restaurant Association,and dozens of well-known catering enterprises, and established a marketing window in more than 10 provinces and cities in the country. set up a logistics distribution center in Shanghai, Suzhou, Nanjing, Beijing. Jiangsu Qiwu marine development Co,.ltd has formed integration of marketing network as whole procurement, logistics, sales, service.
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Last blocks of IPv4 IP addresses allocated
By Geoff Duncan	 February 1, 2011
It may not be a sign of the coming apocalypse, but it does mark a watershed moment in the development of the Internet: the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is on the verge of handling out the last unallocated addresses in the Internet's IPv4 address space. The IANA is currently down to five unallocated "Class A" blocks of 16 million addresses each; under IANA and ICANN rules, those blocks will now be allocated (one each) to the five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)—the African Network Information Center, the American Registry for Internet Numbers, the Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre, the Latin America and Caribbean Network Information Centre, and RIPE NCC (Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre). This means there are effectively no more unassigned Internet addresses available for ISPs and others to expand the number of machines they have connected to the Internet.
The IANA and ICANN expect to have a ceremony formally handing over the last five Class A blocks (known as "/8s") in March.
When the Internet was originally developed back in the 1970s, its designers created an address space that could handle a then-inconceivably large number of machines: about 4.3 billion. Portions of that address space have been handed out basically on a first-come-first-serve basis since the Internet got underway; however, the explosive growth of the Internet in the last two decades has also generated enormous demands for address space—and very soon, there will be no more room left to grow.
That the entire IPv4 address space has been allocated does not mean that there are 4.3 billion devices connected to the Internet: a significant minority of those addresses are used purely for management purposes, and a large number of them are unused at any given time: they may be administered by a corporation, government, or other authority, but aren't actually connected to a device.
The IPv4 address system is set to be replaced by the more-complicated IPv6 addressing technology. Although a good deal of networking gear and operating systems already support IPv6, the technology's rollout so far has been quite slow, with large organizations hesitant to adopt the technology, sometimes for fear of leaving their networks exposed to new forms of attack via some of IPv6's less-understood features. IPv6 technology is being deployed in things like consumer Wi-Fi base stations, and ISPs are gradually adopting IPv6 technology on their networks and tunneling IPv6 traffic through IPv4 networks. However, there's unlikely to be a universal "changeover day" where all systems will convert to IPv6: the transition will likely take users…meaning years of technological issues and user confusion.
[Update 01-Feb-2011: Looks like the NRO, ICANN, Internet Architecture Board, and others will be hosting a press event and ceremony in Miami February 3 to note the final allocation of IPv4 address space. The NRO plans to webcast the event.]
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One of the most successful period 500 racers, Jim Russell, has died at the aged of 98.
After serving in the RAF he started a garage business in Norfolk and commenced racing in 1952 with a Cooper MkVI JAP and after fitting a Manx Norton engine into the Cooper, his wining started.
He won three 500cc BRSCC National Formula 3 titles between 1955-1957, and in total won 64 F3 races.
His racing activities were stopped by a serious crash at Le Mans in 1959.
The Jim Russell Racing School based at Snetterton was set up in 1956 and provided the initial training for many drivers who went on to achieve International success. The school was very successful and this led to its expansion in the UK and to the USA and Canada.
In latter years Jim Russell was a regular visitor to the 500 OA races at Snetterton, often presenting the trophies. He continued to visit Snetterton and 500's racing until failing health halted his visits.
Jim Russell was one of the 500cc F3 greats and The 500 Owners Association offers its condolences to his family, he will be missed by us all.


[JURIST] A Canadian court on Tuesday ruled that women may be allowed to wear face-covering veils during swearing the oath of citizenship. The case, heard by a Federal Court of Appeal [official website], was brought by Zunera Ishaq against the Canadian government after she arrived from Pakistan in 2008 and would not take part in the swearing of the oath because she was required to remove her niqab. Ishaq, 29, is a devout Muslim currently living in Ontario. A lower Federal Court [official website] had ruled that the government's ban on face coverings was unlawful. Justice Mary Gleason stated [AP report] that the appeals court saw no reason to interfere with the previous ruling. The lawyer for the Department of Justice [official website] unsuccessfully argued that the lower court erred in its decision. The appeals court hurried their decision so that Ishaq could participate in the elections coming up on October 19.
Face veils and other symbols of Islam have been a controversial subject around the world. In July after suicide bombings in Fotokol by two women wearing burkas, Northern Cameroon banned [JURIST report] women from wearing burkas and face-covering veils. The suicide bombers smuggled the bombs into public areas by hiding them under their veils. In July 2014 the European Court of Human Rights ruled [JURIST report] that France's face covering ban is permissible under European law. In SAS v. France the court ruled 15-2 that the ban, which became effective in 2011, complies with all articles of the Convention of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and, as a result, does not violate the respondent's freedom of religion. In February 2013 the Spanish Supreme Court struck down [JURIST report] a city ban on wearing veils over the face in municipal buildings, finding that the law infringes on religious freedom.


text:
Leaked emails provide the smoking gun that climate "skeptics" have long been searching for.
The Great British Climate Fraud
Leaked emails provide the smoking gun that climate "skeptics" have long been searching for.
ddelingpole
It has been described as the "greatest scientific scandal of the modern age." The story broke last Thursday when a person unknown — some say it was a hacker, others an inside-leak job — broke into the servers at Britain's Climate Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia and published at least 61megabytes of confidential data on a Russian website.
Despite efforts in liberal quarters to play the story down as a criminal issue of no great consequence, the blogosophere almost instantly recognized it as political dynamite: perhaps even the final nail in the coffin of Al Gore's increasingly expensive theory that the world is rapidly overheating due to Anthropogenic Global Warming (AGW).
Why? Because the Climate Research Unit in the windswept fenlands of Eastern England — together with its sister unit in the West of England, the Hadley Centre in Exeter, Devon — is one of the primary information sources used by the UN's International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Not only have its resident scientists, computer modelers and statisticians been heavily involved in drafting the IPCC's three reports; but its global temperature records (known as HadCrut) are one of the IPCC's four official sources of data.
If the CRU's data and scientific staff were shown to be unreliable, it would call into question the very basis of the IPCC's doom-laden predictions of rising sea levels and inexorably-rising temperatures due to man-made CO2.
And to judge by the leaked data — over a decade's worth of documents and emails — "unreliable" may be a rather polite way of putting it. As Australian blogger Andrew Bolt puts it, the CRU may well be guilty of "conspiracy, collusion in exaggerating warming data, possibly illegal destruction of embarrassing information, organized resistance to disclosure, manipulation of data, private admissions of flaws in their public claims and much more."
The emails reveal a variety of dubious practices, quite contrary to what might reasonably be expected of a world-renowned climate research institution lavishly funded by the UK government. These include:
1. Manipulation of evidence. In one email, the CRU's director, Professor Phil Jones apparently confesses to having played with data – most unscientifically – in order to achieve his desired end. "I've just completed Mike's Nature trick of adding in the real temps to each series for the last 20 years (ie from 1981 onwards) amd from 1961 for Keith's to hide the decline." (Professor Jones has defended himself, somewhat disingenuously you might think, by saying that "trick" – in the world of science – has no negative connotations).
2. Concealing private doubts about whether the world is really heating up. One scientist expresses his frustration that the global temperatures are not behaving as he feels they ought to behave: "The fact is that we can't account for the lack of warming at the moment and it is a travesty that we can't. The CERES data published in the August BAMS 09 supplement on 2008 shows there should be even more warming: but the data are surely wrong. Our observing system is inadequate."
3. Destruction of evidence (following a Freedom of Information request – almost certainly an illegal activity): "Can you delete any emails you may have had with Keith re AR4? Keith will do likewise. He's not in at the moment – minor family crisis. Can you also email Gene and get him to do the same? I don't have his new email address. We will be getting Caspar to do likewise."
4. Fantasizing violence against prominent climate sceptic scientists: "Next time I see Pat Michaels at a scientific meeting, I'll be tempted to beat the crap out of him. Very tempted.'
5. Gloating over news of the death of a prominent climate-change skeptic, Australian John L Daly, founder of the Still Waiting For Greenhouse site: "In an odd way this is cheering news."
6. Attempting to disguise the inconvenient truth of the Medieval Warm Period (ie the period from about 900 to about 1200 when global mean temperatures were considerably warmer than they are now): "……Phil and I have recently submitted a paper using about a dozen NH records that fit this category, and many of which are available nearly 2K back–I think that trying to adopt a timeframe of 2K, rather than the usual 1K, addresses a good earlier point that Peck made w/ regard to the memo, that it would be nice to try to "contain" the putative "MWP", even if we don't yet have a hemispheric mean reconstruction available that far back…."
7. And, perhaps, most damningly, a long series of communications discussing how best to squeeze dissenting scientists out of the peer review process. How, in other words, to create a scientific climate in which anyone who disagrees with AGW can be written off as a crank, whose views do not have a scrap of authority: "I think we have to stop considering "Climate Research" as a legitimate peer-reviewed journal. Perhaps we should encourage our colleagues in the climate research community to no longer submit to, or cite papers in, this journal. We would also need to consider what we tell or request of our more reasonable colleagues who currently sit on the editorial board…What do others think?"
Climate change "skeptics" have long had their suspicions about the reliability of CRU. Among the first to voice these was Steve McIntyre, the statistician who exposed the "Hockey Stick" curve – the now utterly discredited graph initially used by the IPCC (and Al Gore in his film An Inconvenient Truth) to suggest that global temperatures had risen more sharply at the end of the 20th century than at any time in the previous thousand years. (This meant ignoring the Medieval Warm Period – hence the email quoted above).
Over a period of several years, McIntyre sought to acquire from the CRU the raw data used to fuel its computer models of climate Armageddon but was constantly rebuffed. (At one stage, CRU told him that the data had been "lost"). When finally he did get hold of it, he discovered the samples used to have been flawed; just as years earlier, he had showed that the Hockey Stick computer model had been programmed with an algorithm so that whatever information you put into it, it would always come up with the same scary-looking Hockey Stick shape.
But the "Climategate" scandal is a step beyond this. Where before it was only possible to accuse the CRU of being foolish, what these emails prove beyond reasonable doubt is that it has been guilty of conspiracy too. And it is a conspiracy which implicates a good many of the world's leading AGW-promoting scientists, not just in Britain but in the US and beyond.
Besides Professor Jones, the director of the CRU (and a doughty defender in several papers of the Hockey Stick curve) the emails implicate many more of those scientists most deeply involved in drafting the IPCC's reports. They include Dr Keith Briffa, a 'lead author' on the IPCC's 2007 report; Kevin Trenberth, head of the Climate Analysis Section at the National Center for Atmospheric Research; Ben Santer, a pro-AGW scientist at the US government's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory – and the man responsible for the notorious claim in the IPCC's second report that "the balance of evidence suggests that there is a discernible human influence on climate change"; and Dr Michael Mann, the physicist-turned-climate-scientist at the University of Massachusetts who created the infamous 'Hockey Stick' graph.
What is commonly misunderstood amid the IPCC's vaunted claims that its reports are approved by "2,500 scientists" is that only a tiny number – perhaps 53 in all – were actually responsible for drafting the sections predicting global eco-disaster due to AGW. These 53 scientists are a close knit circle, peer-approving one another's pro-AGW papers, banding together to shut out any dissenting voices. Almost all of them are close to the CRU; many are implicated in the offending emails.
This is what makes Climategate so significant. It is the smoking gun that climate "skeptics" have long been searching for. Or indeed, as one retired US climatologist Dr Tim Ball puts it, a "whole battery of machine guns".
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Joel and his team were beyond wonderful for our wedding! First off, I love that he likes to meet his couples so that he understands who they are and what kind of wedding would make their ideal day come true. He was incredibly professional, always on time, and I never worried that he didn't have something covered. He prioritizes working as a service provider, not just a vendor. By this, I mean he aims to coordinate with your photographer, venue, and caterer such that all the moments are met or captured the way you envisioned. My fiancé and I were a bit of a spazzy couple and made a bunch of changes to our songs throughout the planning phases, and he took them in stride and executed on them without issue. When we needed guidance on what we're "supposed to do," he helped us navigate which of the traditions generally work and which were totally optional. Superior service, excellent human being, I'd recommend him to others without a doubt in the future.
WOW! This may be the kindest review that I have ever received! I can't thank you enough! It was truly a pleasure to be a part of your celebration!
You will not regret hiring Track Seven!
Dom was nothing but polite, professional, friendly, and flexible from day one. He walked us through the whole process of what a typical wedding/DJ looks like, what he needed from us (not much at all besides some basic info on us and one table), and making sure he knew what we wanted. On the day of the event, Dom arrived early and made sure everything was set up perfectly. He timed the ceremony and cocktail hour perfectly and willingly transferred his equipment between outdoors and indoors several times with zero complaints due to unforeseen wind outside. He was so courteous and approachable and just generally everything you want from a DJ. Our day got very chaotic when the wind forced us to completely change buildings but Dom was on top of the music/microphones every step of the way. The best part was he watched us (discreetly) but intently to look for eye contact from either me or the groom to know to fade out slow dance songs with parents. This made us feel in control and comfortable in one of the trickiest parts of the night. Once I gave him a look, he faded it out and we moved on with the night! We cannot recommend him enough! I know it's hard to pick a DJ without seeing them perform previously, but you will NOT be disappointed with Track Seven (although we are biased and think Dom is the best of course). Thank you so so SO much, Track Seven, for making our wedding day PERFECT.
During our wedding planning and actual day-of, our collaboration with Joel was one thing we DIDN'T have to worry about. He was in constant communication with us, gave us good advice, and was open to trying some non-conventional things. He went above and beyond to make sure we were comfortable and that everything went right. An example for how great Joel was to work with: for our first meeting (us being out of town in Chicago and not being able to meet in person) Joel had us FaceTime him, not sharing that he was on vacation with his family at the time! He took time out of his own vacation to meet, which is pretty spectacular. We loved having him at our wedding, and I highly recommend him to anyone who wants a wonderful DJ.
Joel was an incredible DJ! He worked with us in the months leading up to our wedding and accommodated to all of our song requests. At our wedding, people were dancing for hours to his music and he kept the party going! We would definitely recommend Track Seven to friends for their weddings! Thank you again!!!
We worked with really exceptional vendors for our New Year's Eve wedding, and Joel was no exception. He was professional from the moment we started working with him over a year ago. He has hundreds of rave reviews online, and for good reason.
We planned our wedding from out of state, and Joel was always responsive and communicative whether it was over email or in a FaceTime conversation. He made everything extremely clear, and dealt with my countless questions like a pro. He also worked seamlessly with our wedding coordinator on all logistics.
Most importantly, Joel delivered not only the best wedding reception, but the best NYE party we could have asked for! The dance floor was always packed, and some of my best and most vivid memories of our wedding are from specific songs he played. I would never hesitate to recommend Joel and Track Seven.
Experience was nothing short of amazing !!
So easy + great to work with!
We absolutely loved working with Joel from Track Seven DJ! He was so easy to work with and created the perfect mix of songs for all of us to dance to! We received many compliments from our guests in regards to the music :) Highly recommend! Thanks Joel!
Joel was the best DJ we could ask for! He went above and beyond his role and worked seamlessly with the photographer (Dauss FOTO), videographer (vibe productions) and day of coordinator (Blue llama Events). They are really the dream team! He played the perfect music for each aspect of the wedding day. Thank you Joel for helping make our wedding day exactly as we dreamed it would be! Can't recommend Track Seven enough!
He meets with the couples way in advance and gets to know your personality and style and does the best with musical delivery! He kept our dance floor busy all night long!
Joel was so great to work with. He was responsive and did exactly what we envisioned music wise. Many of our guests commented to us about how great our DJ was. I had a very specific image on how I wanted to ceremony music and he absolutely nailed it.
A++ Best DJ I have seen/heard. They were incredibly easy and flexible to work with. I basically gave them no direction on songs for the dance party and were able to gauge the crowd and keep the party going for the whole night! DJ's and dancing make or break weddings and they hit ours out of the ball park. Great job Justin Watson!
Track 7 DJ is the cream of the crop as far as DJs go! Darnell DJ'd our wedding and we couldn't have been happier with the experience. From the initial meeting, we knew we were in good hands. He did a great job of making us feel comfortable and confident that he would see every detail was executed just right. Darnell came by the week of the event to do a walk through and reviewed our music preferences. Day-of he came early and made sure everything was setup and that mics were tested for our ceremony. He kept the dance floor hopping all night long, and adjusted as necessary to suit our wedding guests preferences! We are thrilled we went with Track 7 for our wedding and plan to use them again in the future!
10/10 would have Joel DJ our wedding again and again! AMAZING work. Had the crowd dancing all night. So attentive to the bride and groom. Much more than just our DJ. He was a pleasure to work with from start to finish. Even how me made sure to correctly announce everyone's name during the wedding party intro. The little things don't go unnoticed! Stress free!
I can't recommend Joel enough!! We planned our wedding from out of state, so all communication had to be done via email, but he was super responsive and helpful even from far away! I made a last minute ceremony music change on the morning of the wedding, and he was very accommodating. The whole evening went super smoothly, despite incessant rain and a change of ceremony space, thanks to him working with my other vendors and being so great at what he does. The best part of all was the dance party that lasted all night! My husband and our guests and I had the BEST TIME! My dad even did a shout out to him at the end of the night because he was THAT good. Thank you so much Joel - you made our night!!!
Track Seven DJ was awesome for our wedding. We were fortunate that Joel was available for our big day, although all his staff come highly recommended. In meeting and working with Joel, we can confidently say that he is passionate about providing the best entertainment - with many years of experience, he still enjoys learning more about the industry, and he is mentoring his staff to be the best. During our wedding, Joel was attentive to our needs (he hand delivered us drinks!) and kept the night on track by quickly reminding us of the schedule in a friendly way that always got to the point politely, which we appreciated. We requesed a few specific artists but mostly left it up to him to respond to the crowd throughout the night, and he was successful. The dance floor was hopping all night. Joel even shockingly played some of my all time favorite songs even though I didn't mention them :) Thank you Joel!
We had a wedding at the Mustard Seed Gardens and it was the wedding of our dreams! Joel really captured our vision and was willing to do whatever it took to make it happen! We couldn't of asked for a better DJ. He got those who don't normally dance on the floor and most importantly kept them there. Thanks again for everything and making our wedding unforgettable!!
Joel was fantastic to work with! He was quick with responding from the very beginning and very professional. He was very accommodating to my wants and needs as well. I had multiple songs that I wanted as part of the ceremony and he nailed it! He did a wonderful job making sure our night was perfect! I did not give him much to go on as far as the songs we wanted to play while dancing, but he took the reins and had everyone on the dance floor all night long!
I am an ordained minister and have officiated hundreds of weddings, and Joel is probably the best DJ I've ever worked with. He is a pro. He has all the gear any wedding or other event might need and he knows how to use it. He responded quickly to emails and anticipated problems before they arose. We had a VERY windy day, and people could still hear everything. At the reception he blended playlists beautifully and the pace of the dancing was masterful. If you can get him for your event, you are waaaay lucky!
Thank you so much Susan! I am honored by your kind words! It was a pleasure working with you!
Joel was an outstanding DJ/MC for our wedding. He was very flexible from the beginning, as we live out of state and we did FaceTime meetings. Not only did he honor our requests, he also gave helpful suggestions.
He was patient with our officiant and last minute changes to the plans. During the reception, he checked in with us to ask how we were doing and let us know what parts of the evening were coming up (cake cutting, speeches, dances, etc). When guests requested songs that we had on our "do not play" list, he waited for us to approve it before playing the song.
Our guests have raved about how fun the dancing experience was, which is in large part to Joel for creating such a fun and inviting atmosphere.
We would recommend using Joel for any event-he is professional, yet personable and we are so happy with how everything turned out!
Joel was personable, understanding, and provided to our needs and requests without hesitation. His ability to maintain proper wedding flow is the best I've ever seen. I would highly recommend his services to any bride or groom looking for the perfect DJ!
Joel was absolutely amazing! He showed up and got to work right away and was finished setting up well before the wedding. He went out of his way to work with and help our other vendors with anything they needed throughout the day. Joel made sure that we knew what was going to happen next and he even let us add in some last minute requests. Joel is kind, thoughtful, professional, organized, and also a ton of fun! All of our guests were out on that dance floor having the best time. Joel kept everyone dancing till the very end! We cannot recommend working with Joel enough!
Justin did such a great job with our wedding! He did a great job reading the crowd and was so flexible when we were looking for a time to meet and talk about the songs we wanted. When we weren't sure about a song, he gave us suggestions off of the top of his head and we ended up using most of those suggestions. Overall, it was a great experience!
Dom was awesome to work with. His playlist was perfect and he maintained the flow of our evening perfectly! Highly recommend!
We used Track Seven DJ for our ceremony music and our reception music. Joel was absolutely fantastic!! My husband and I were so very happy with all of our interactions with Joel. He was extremely easy to work with from the very beginning. On the day of we had a few minor changes, and Joel was very flexible with our requests. Throughout our reception he knew exactly what to play so that our dance floor remained full and active throughout the entire evening! We received numerous compliments from our guests on our DJ. I would recommend Joel to anyone for any event!
Great selection of music and a positive attitude throughout the whole wedding. Very flexible and easy to work with.
Joel was the best! With having craziness of wedding day changes, he really took everything in stride and made it perfect! Every song that was played was exactly to our style- and the organization was unprecedented. Seriously- we could not have asked for a better DJ for our perfect day! Thank you!


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Denny Hamlin dominated both practices today at Loudon for the Sylvania 300. Tune in tomorrow as Denny will start 32nd tomorrow at 1pm on ESPN. Should be an exciting race to watch Denny drive to the front.


text:
World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) – The Prohibited List
World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). 'After the events that shook the world of cycling in the summer of 1998, the IOC decided to convene a World Conference on Doping, bringing together all parties involved in the fight against doping. The World Conference on Doping in Sport held in Lausanne on 2-4 February 1999 produced the Lausanne Declaration on Doping in Sport. This document provided for the creation of an independent international anti-doping agency to be fully operational for the Games of the XXVII Olympiad in Sydney in 2000. Pursuant to the terms of the Lausanne Declaration, the World Anti-Doping Agency was established on 10 November 1999 in Lausanne to promote and coordinate the fight against doping in sport internationally.'
The 2006 Prohibited List (PDF), The 2007 Prohibited List (This List will go into effect on January 1, 2007) (PDF)
Science & Medicine Program. 'The Agency is committed to increasing the volume of research dedicated to developing new and improved detection methods for performance-enhancing substances and methods. Since 2001, WADA has committed more than US$28 million to research.'
Resources for Athletes. 'WADA has published a number of resources to help athletes understand the dangers and consequences of doping, as well as their responsibilities under the World Anti-Doping Code.'
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10 Things You Need To Know About REACH Compliance
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Filed Under: Biology and Biochemistry, Quick Site of the Day Tagged With: Biology-and-Biochemistry, Chemistry, Doping, Health, Quick-Site-of-the-Day, Sports-Science
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text:
Home > JOURNAL > Vol. 7 (1999) > Iss. 4
A Rapid Gas Chromatographic Method for Direct Determination of Free Sterols in Animal and Vegetable Fats and Oils
Y.-M. Choong
H.-J. Lin
C.-W. Chen
M.-L. Wang
In this study, a rapid and simple method without a derivatization process for determination of the free sterols in vegetable and animal oils was developed. A direct injection gas chromatography with a non-polar megabore column (DB-1, 5 m × 0.53 mm, 1μm) was used. The recoveries of cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol from lard were at the range of 89%-106% with a coefficient of variation less than 12%. Total sterols were determined using the same method after saponification of the oil sample. Fourteen samples, including olive oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, lard and egg yolk oil, were quantitatively analyzed for total and free sterols. The contents of total cholesterol, brassicasterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, Δ5-avenasterol, Δ7-stigmastenol and Δ7-avenasterol in test samples were at the range of 193-34384, 0-1222, 0-2356, 0-1365, 0-5414, 0-608, 0-1296 and 0-129 μg/g, respectively; while the contents of free cholesterol, brassicasterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, Δ5-avenasterol, Δ7-stigmastenol and Δ7-avenasterol were 98-30340, 0-1057, 0-634, 0-724, 0-3087, 0-404, 0-558 and 0-23 μg/g, respectively. The amounts of esterified sterols were calculated by subtracting the free sterol contents from total sterol contents. Results showed olive oil, sunflower oil and peanut oil primarily contain esterified sterols; while soybean oil, sesame oil, lard and egg oil contain mostly free sterols. The developed method is recommended as a rapid method to determine if animal fats/oils are adulterated with vegetable oils.
Choong, Y.-M.; Lin, H.-J.; Chen, C.-W.; and Wang, M.-L. (1999) "A Rapid Gas Chromatographic Method for Direct Determination of Free Sterols in Animal and Vegetable Fats and Oils," Journal of Food and Drug Analysis: Vol. 7 : Iss. 4 , Article 5.
Available at: https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.2859
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Home > Persecution > Deaths
No One Held Responsible for Mr. Zhu Wenhua's Death in Gangbei Prison
April 07, 2013 | By a Minghui correspondent from Tianjin, China
(Minghui.org) Falun Dafa practitioner Mr. Zhu Wenhua, from Nankai District, Tianjin, was beaten to death in Gangbei Prison (now called Binhai Prison) by prison guards and inmates on July 21, 2010. The prison authorities called Mr. Zhu's family and said that he had died from a heart attack.
The following is additional information about Mr. Zhu's death:
Mr. Zhu developed intestinal problems in July 2010, and he was unable to have a bowel movement. He asked for medical treatment. The guards took him to the prison hospital, and the doctor prescribed some lubricant without any examination. Mr. Zhu felt bloated from the constipation. Therefore, he stopped eating. However, the guards and inmates forced him to eat, and then tortured him to death in a storage room.
The guards ordered inmate Zhang Jincai to remove the video monitor from the storage room on July 22, the day after Mr. Zhu's death. Zhang was also told to paint the wall to cover the mark left by the monitor. This way people wouldn't be able to tell that there had been a monitor in that room, and the video of Mr. Zhu's death was destroyed. The prison authorities claimed that there was no monitor in that storage room. However, people who had been to that room could testify that there had been a monitor.
The inmates who beat Mr. Zhu to death are: Wang Jianfeng, Zhang Di, Zhang Qingguo, and Feng Jie. They were moved to the Strict Management Team of the No. 8 prison section the day after Mr. Zhu's death. They were released 15 days later.
The inmates declared that if they were punished or if their release was affected, they would expose all the details of Mr. Zhu's death. The four inmates were not punished.
Nobody has been held responsible for Mr. Zhu's death.
Earlier reports:
Mr. Zhu Wenhua Beaten to Death During Detention in Gangbei Prison in Tianjin City (http://en.minghui.org/html/articles/2010/11/3/121229.html)
Mr. Zhu Wenhua Dies in Tianjin Prison (http://en.minghui.org/html/articles/2010/8/8/119132.html)
Category: Deaths
"Xue Hao, Corrupt Police Officer from Yishui County, Shandong Province, Responsible for Illegal Sentencing and Extortion"
"Chifeng City Court in Inner Mongolia Tries Mr. Li Wenzhi and His Wife Behind Closed Doors"