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Research on Copyright and Copyright Laws
One of the Primary Aims of Copyright is to Ensure Society is Rich with Creative Works. Without Copyright Creators Would Not Create New Works.
Mar 29, 2016 / EssayNews
Copyright and copyright law are commonly misunderstood by creative individuals, consumers and the layperson alike. The digital age has profoundly changed the context in which creative works are made, sold and disseminated, and copyright control has been weakened, overall, by digital technology and the Internet. The concept and practice of copyright control is well-established and will doubtless continue into the future; however, it is uncertain how effective copyright enforcement will be across the board. One of the main aims of copyright, and the enforcement of copyright law, is to ensure that creative producers can be guaranteed some income from sales or distribution of their work. Without copyright, creative individuals ranging from songwriters to authors and website developers could be cut off from the copyright-related income that their creative activities generate. In this aspect, the absence of copyright would mean the absence of income for many creative individuals who earn through their copyrighted creations. In a world where established authors and musicians suddenly lost copyright-derived income, it is likely that they would have to turn to other employment for income. This could mean that, quite simply, the time previously dedicated to the creation of new works was now being used in non-creative employment. However, it could conversely be argued that individuals who are driven to create art are driven by the creative impulse rather than commercial concerns - the cliché of the "starving artist" is based on this idea that some people are driven to create new works regardless of the commercial viability or success of these works in the marketplace.
Johns indicates that the aspect of enforcement is key in determining whether copyright protects existing works and allows artists to continue creating new works. Before digital media became the norm in many if not most areas of creative activity, copyright infringement - such as photocopying copyrighted printed material or sheet music, for example - was more time-consuming and also more easily detected. Digital file-sharing is almost instant, and can be essentially anonymous - this form of copyright infringement has become so widespread that enforcement of copyright protection and copyright law has become very difficult in the digital world. As the law itself continues to change, development of copyright-infringement detection techniques is perhaps just as important as changes in legislation and copyright control. One major change in terms of detection and enforcement is the international or location-less nature of much modern copyright infringement - material shared over the Internet cannot be said to truly exist in one geographical jurisdiction or another. Further, laws and regulations pertaining to copyright vary in different territories - certain aspects of U.S. copyright law, for example, differ from U.K. regulations. International or online copyright therefore can be particularly difficult to enforce.
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Creative works are economically exploited in the marketplace as and when such works are considered to be cultural "products". The extent to which an individual artist or creator is able to make a viable living from his or her work is dependent on the relationship between the marketplace, the creative product, and copyright protection of the cultural product. There is simply more market demand for certain copyrighted creations than there is for others. Particularly this is true when a certain type of work requires special skills, training, machinery or equipment for its manufacture and distribution. The average person cannot create a video game, and so there is demand for - and an established market for - the creative product of video games, delivered to the consumer in a copyrightable format. On the other side of the equation, digital photography has become extremely affordable and accessible to almost everyone with a photo-capable mobile phone. Professional photographers often have to differentiate their cultural product from that which can be created by amateurs, in order to continue making a living from photography.
Copyright law can be understood within the framework, or theoretical perspective, of music as a cultural product. Griswold discusses the history and formation of early copyright legislation, in the context of American literature during the nineteenth century. At this time, the U.S. literature market was protected by copyright law - works written within the United States were afforded copyright protection within the United States; foreign-authored literature was not protected under U.S. copyright law. This situation pushed U.S. authors to create literature that was notably different from foreign-authored literature. When the foreign-authored literature was available for free, U.S. authors had to write literature that was different enough to entice readers to pay for domestic literature. Therefore, a distinctly U.S. style of literature emerged, differentiated from the British literature that was freely available in the United States at that time. When copyright protection in the U.S. was extended to cover foreign-authored works, Griswold notes that the U.S. style of writing became more similar to that of the British - there was less pressure for U.S. writers to be "different". A similar impetus exists in modern music - if creators want audiences to pay for their musical-cultural product, they have to find a way to make it different and distinctive. A general return to live music as a form of income is one way that musicians are differentiating their "product" and their "brand."
In contemporary music, copyright law pertaining to the re-use of material is particularly interesting. In a postmodern world, existing pieces of copyrighted art are commonly re-used in new creations. For example, many hip-hop artists use existing samples of music as the basis for new tracks. Early rappers used classic funk and soul records as the sources of their backing tracks, samples and "breaks", with DJs manipulating the sound of the record in playback through "scratching" techniques. When the recorded music being used in this way is under copyright, it is necessary for the new creator to licence the music for use in the new composition or creation. Permission to re-use a specific sample or piece of music can be refused, and this can lead to a change in the style or success of an individual artist or group whose method of working is reliant on recycling existing music into new forms and new cultural product. When hip-hop emerged and became mainstream in the 1980s, this use of short samples of existing music was not typically considered as a form of copyright infringement, but rather as a way of paying homage to musical and cultural roots. However, subsequent case law in the U.S. determined that this kind of use of pre-existing recordings constituted infringements of the various intellectual-property rights of the copyright holders on the original recordings.
Wikstrom argues that, in many areas of creative activity, a true "creative industry" has been replaced by a "copyright industry" (p.17). Wikstrom's argument is that all industrial efforts are, by their nature, creative in at least some aspect. According to Wikstrom, 'copyright legislation is what makes it possible to commodify a musical work, be it a song, an arrangement, a recording etc.' (p.17) Therefore, creative personalities must be developed and branded in a marketplace driven by the copyright industry. A clear contemporary example of such branding in action would be the pop singer Miley Cyrus. Her career has been based in no small part on the development of a specific personal and visual image; without visuals, the average listener would be hard pressed to recognise Cyrus's voice in an audio-only recording.
The current situation regarding copyright legislation and enforcement of that legislation privileges original creations, and the individual creator of new work that exists in a tangible form. However, much new artistic innovation and creation happens in different ways. For example, some musicians are primarily professional improvisers rather than composers. Improvisations are naturally more difficult to protect with copyright than non-improvised, notated musical compositions. Further, certain creative artists work in collaborative situations, in which authorship of a new work is shared between multiple members of a group. Another knotty area for copyright consideration is the use of deliberate quotation of other creative work, whether attributed or unattributed, obvious or opaque. Classical-music composers from Bach to Bartok to James Macmillan have frequently used existing musical themes as the basis for new compositions (Born and Hesmondhalgh). Such reference to musical material of the past can be a way to frame and enrich a new composition or piece of music - for example, quoted snippets of well-known lyrics in a new song can give a frame of reference, a mood or a new twist to the words of the current song. Alternatively, a composer may use an existing theme, melody or even the "style" of an existing musician or work as a deliberate pastiche or homage. Others may "hide" a musical or artistic quotation within a new work, in such a way that it is not heard or recognised by the average listener. Such considered, intentional use of small aspects of an existing work is different in scope and artistic effect to large-scale plagiarism, in which a musician copies an existing work without creating a new meaning or form from the pre-existing material.
George indicates that format is important in determining the likely copyright protection, and enforcement, a particular work is afforded. Within the modern popular-music industry, for example, sound recordings have long been the primary cultural product that creative individuals are attempting to sell to consumers. In the classical-music world, the sheet-music industry is significant; there is no analogous large market for sheet music in popular music. The advent of Google Books, for example, has had a negative impact on sheet music sales - if a musical score is available in its entirety via Google Books, the consumer is less likely to pay full price for a printed copy. According to George, 'the record industry began as a stepchild of the sheet-music business, since popular tunes originally were consumed primarily through the sale of sheet music. From World War I through the mid-1920s, advances in technology permitted an explosion in record sales, causing music industry historians to dub this period the "golden age". Sheet music is particularly vulnerable to copyright infringement, and therefore lost income for creators, as it is typically much shorter than literature. Copying or scanning a musical score is usually much quicker and easier than copying or scanning a whole novel or book. The price of sheet music also often commonly outstrips the price of a paperback book. Therefore, there is an economic incentive, and easily-available technology, for cash-strapped individuals to infringe copyright of sheet music and other easily copy-able cultural products.
Lessig indicates that a system has evolved in which certain actors in the music industry have - and wish to maintain - power, privilege and profit. Simply put, some creative actors gain more income from their copyrighted works than others. Certain forms of cultural product are privileged over others, both in the open marketplace and in terms of copyright protection afforded. Lessig indicates: 'as the law is architected just now, it clearly favors [sic] one kind of culture over another' (p.97). The economically-dominant culture in the music-industry marketplace has a direct interest in remaining economically-dominant and therefore profitable. Therefore, copyright law and enforcement efforts tend to develop in such a way that existing commercial interests are protected, and existing privilege is perpetuated. As twentieth-century copyright has grown from the notational traditions of sheet music, into the mass-produced recordings of the CD era, so the industry's laws have protected and perpetuated these forms of music. Less privileged, or structurally novel, forms of art - such as that based heavily on a collaborative or chance-driven mode of creation, for example - is likely to be afforded relatively little protection in terms of either copyright or contracts.
Technological change has challenged copyright law and enforcement. Rojek indicates that technological change - both in terms of development and access to technology - has created an environment which is much more accessible to the amateur. There are many forms of creative expression, production and distribution available to the amateur as well as the professional. As mentioned earlier, digital photography has become widely available; the cost of electronic musical instruments, audio software and digital distribution for recorded music has decreased dramatically. It is quite possible for amateur musicians to home-record, produce and distribute their music for free, and often such auteurs are not concerned about copyright or commercialisation of their own music. Those creative forms that are still difficult for the layperson to access or create are perhaps those that still enjoy robust copyright protection, and continue to produce income for their creators. Certain forms of art are always going to be more broadly profitable than others, and the landscape is constantly changing in terms of which artistic forms are the most commercially exploitable via copyright, or otherwise. Sadly, the current situation regarding the relationship between copyright, income and creation of new work would appear to involve effective de-funding of certain artistic forms as cultural product. The sale of recorded music is no longer a significant source of income for many musicians; journalists and travel writers are finding themselves out of work as "new" media channels use the public to provide content, or outsource writing to content mills that pay writers a fraction of established rates. Crowd sourced literature published online - for example, Wikipedia - is not really covered by copyright, and may be putting established writers and researchers out of work. When copyright is abandoned in favour of open content, there is of course a risk that the creative work produced will not be authoritative or factually correct.
In certain areas of creative work, copyright may already be, or be in the process of becoming, practically unenforceable. As noted earlier, certain forms of work have always been more easily copyrighted than others, with those works not existing in a fixed form being particularly difficult to copyright. Digital technology, and the Internet, has undermined traditional, geographical modes of copyright control. The formats in which creative products can be duplicated or shared further undermine copyright, and therefore undermine the livelihoods of creative professionals who had relied on copyright-related income. Humans are creative by nature, and it is unlikely that - without copyright - people would stop creating new works. However, the types of new works that can practicably be created in the absence of copyright and related income are limited. A world without meaningful copyright protection and enforcement may suffer a decrease in the diversity of new work that can be created.
References: Books
Born.G and Hesmondhalgh.D, eds. Western Music and Its Others: Difference, Appropriation and Representation in Music. Berkeley: University.
George, N.The Death of Rhythm and Blues. NY: Pub Penguin.
Hesmondhalgh, D. The Cultural Industries. SAGE Publishing.
Lessig, L. Remix. NY: Bloomsbury Academic.
Rojek, P. Pop Music, Pop Culture. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Wikstrom , P. The Music Industry. Cambridge: Polity Press.
References: Journal Articles
Dicola, P. An Economic View of the Legal Restrictions on Musical Borrowing and Appropriation in Biagioli, M, Jaszi, P. & Woodmansee, M, Making and unmaking intellectual property: creative production in legal and cultural perspective, 235-249 (University of Chicago Press).
Greenfield and Osborn.'Understanding Commercial Contracts: The Place of Contractual Theory' Journal of Contract Law, Vol. 23,
Griswold, W. 'American character and the American novel', American Journal of Sociology 86, pp. 740-65.
Johns, A, "The property police", in Biagioli, M, Jaszi, P. & Woodmansee, M, Making and unmaking intellectual property: creative production in legal and cultural perspective, 199-213, University of Chicago Press.
Peterson, R.A. 'Why 1955? Explaining the advent of rock music', Popular Music 9, pp. 97-116.
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Opinion Hedge funds : les femmes sont-elles meilleures que les hommes ?
Strategy The « news trading », to what extent ?
Note To succeed in selling one's hedge fund just when performance is deteriorating: an impossible equation ?


What Is & Isn't Income – Sage International, Inc.
Constructive income. As soon as money or property is available to you (constructive receipt), or is credited to your account, it becomes income-whether you take it or not. For instance, if you provided services in November 2015, received the check and wait until January 2016 to deposit it, it's still considered income for 2015.
Illegal income. The tax code is neutral and doesn't distinguish between illegal and legal income. Al Capone wasn't sent to prison for murder, bootlegging or racketeering; he was convicted of tax evasion for not reporting the fruits of his labors to the IRS.
Worldwide income. Americans are taxed on their worldwide income, no matter where earned it is still taxable in the United States. There are some exceptions (and tax credits available) to those that actually live outside the United States and are paying foreign taxes as well.
Return of capital. For the business owner or investor, the return of a capital investment is not taxable income. For example, to the extent that you sell a business or any asset and get back your investment, you haven't earned any taxable income. Only the gain, if any, is taxed. Example: Fred invests $1,000 in the stock of Inspired Living, Inc., and later sells his stock for $1,500. Only $500 is taxable income, the other $1,000 is a return of Fred's capital.
Tax-free withdrawals. If you borrow against an asset, whether it belongs to you personally or the business, the loan proceeds are not income.
Destroyed or Stolen Assets. If a business asset becomes damaged, destroyed or stolen, the tax code considers this an "involuntary conversion." If the loss was covered by insurance, there's no tax consequence or depreciation recapture, as long as all the insurance proceeds are used to replace the asset.


Roger Anthony Swainston is an Australian painter. Naturalist and zoologist, he is one of the most recognized artists of the underwater world.
He was raised in the Western Australian outback surrounded by wildlife. The unique Australian flora and fauna fascinated and inspired him from an early age and he has drawn and painted it since childhood. In the late 70's he travelled and worked around the north coast of Australia on fishing trawlers. The endless variety of undersea life he encountered in their nets encouraged him to undertake further studies and he graduated from the University of W.A. with a degree in Zoology in 1981. He then worked in the fish department of the WA Museum and took part in a variety of scientific expeditions. These included surveying the fish fauna of West Australia's south coast with the WA Museum, the deepwater fauna off the northwest shelf with [CSIRO] and the reef fauna of Papua New Guinea with CRI. During this period he also illustrated numerous guidebooks on the identification of fish and other marine life and worked with scientific institutions around the world such as; the Smithsonian Institute, United Nations FAO, CSIRO and many other Museums and government departments concerned with the marine environment.
In 1990 he moved to France and spent several years working from a studio in Paris, where he further diversified and developed his work. Illustrations from this period are held by "Musee National des Arts et Traditions Populaires" and Ministry of the Environment and he is presently the official artist for the "Conseil Superieur de la Peche" in France. Whilst continuing to provide illustrations for a wide range of clients he began to work on methods of capturing the complexity of marine environments. This led to a documentary being made on Roger's project, to draw underwater a reef in the Red Sea. Upon his return to Australia in 1996 he continued this work on marine environments. His focus became the integration of science and art in a manner, which fostered both an appreciation of the extraordinary beauty of the subject and an understanding of its diversity and complexity.
In 1999 he held successful solo exhibitions of his work in Sydney and Fremantle and has since held other successful exhibitions in France, USA and Australia. As a conservationist, Roger has supported ecological projects and research, he works closely with conservation organizations to help protect fishery resources and increase knowledge of marine life. In recent years Roger has continued this study of the marine environment with large scale underwater drawings and surveys of reef sites around the world. He has pursued scientific illustration with life size portraits of individual fish, intimate studies of their surface, form and function. He presently lives and works in Fremantle Western Australia with his partner Catherine and their three chlidren.


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HomeEuropeBritish Special Air Service (SAS): Who Dares Wins
British Special Air Service (SAS): Who Dares Wins
The Special Air Service (SAS) is a special forces unit of the British Army. The SAS was founded in 1941 as a regiment and later reconstituted as a corps in 1950. The unit specializes in a number of roles, including counterterrorism, hostage rescue, direct action and covert reconnaissance.
New Zealand Special Air Service (SAS) – Who Dares Wins
Australian Army's SAS – Who Dares Wins
Australia's Special Air Service (SAS) is on the hunt for a new helicopter
The SAS was first formed in North Africa in July 1941, during World War II. David Stirling, its founder, saw the potential for a strike force that could operate independently deep behind enemy lines, attacking airfields and other important targets. By the end of the war, the SAS had expanded into a brigade and had seen action in Italy, France, the Netherlands, and Germany.
The selection process for the SAS is one of the most difficult military training programs in the world. Its purpose is to test candidates to the utmost limit of their physical and mental abilities. Though rare, it is not unheard of for candidates to die during the selection process.
Until the late 1990s, candidates for the SAS and SBS underwent selection separately. Selection takes place in the Brecon Beacons and Elan Valley in Wales and in the jungle of Belize, taking around six months to complete. SAS Selection is held twice a year regardless of conditions.
The SAS has one regular regiment (22 SAS) and two territorial regiments (21 SAS and 23 SAS). The 22 SAS regiment is organized into four squadrons, each squadron consisting of four 16-man troops. Each troop specializes in either mountaineering, parachuting, amphibious operations, or mobility operations using vehicles and heavy weapons.
The exceptional reputation of the SAS is built on the quality of its personnel and its "Who Dares Wins" philosophy.
In May 1980, the SAS conducted a highly successful hostage-rescue operation at the Iranian embassy in London in the full glare of international media. The 1982 Falkland Islands War required the SAS to conduct more traditional tasks of raiding and patrolling behind enemy lines.
The 1990–91 Persian Gulf War saw the SAS operating in Iraq's western desert to counter Scud missile attacks into Israel and Saudi Arabia. During the 1990s Bosnian conflict, SAS liaison teams communicated directly with warring factions. Teams in Bosnia and Herzegovina later hunted indicted war criminals. The SAS was deployed almost all wars British fought from WWII to Afghanistan.
Foreign Special Forces Modelled on SAS
The Australian SAS, New Zealand SAS, Israeli Special Forces, German Special Forces and American Delta Forces are modelled on British SAS.
The SAS is thought of all over the world as one of the best, if not the best Special Operations organizations. This is mainly because of the intense training they are put through. The SAS is respected worldwide and used to train many other Special Forces Units.
The core of the Special Forces Supports Group, working alongside the United Kingdom Special Forces worldwide. They are trained to deploy on the frontline or behind enemy lines by parachute, helicopter or land – a motivated and determined team at the operational cutting edge of the British Army.
Special Air Service (SAS)
Special Air Service Regiment
Special Operatives
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Why Australia's Nuclear Submarines Will Deter China?
September 19, 2021 GDC East Asia and Pacific Region 0
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ভারত, চীন প্রতিযোগিতা বাংলাদেশের সামরিক বাহিনীকে জাতীয় নিরাপত্তার চাহিদা মেটাতে অক্ষম করে দিয়েছে (Translated)
Beyond Antipathy Towards Iran, logic Behind Arab-Israeli Peace Deal
Here's Why, The Russian Kalibr Cruise Missiles Hitting The Beach Toilet, And Pilots Are Using Garmin Gps Navigator?
Boeing Proposes T-7A Red Hawk For U.S. Navy's Jet Trainer Bid
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) offers research awards in a number of subject areas.
PhD Studentships in the above subject areas are provided through Doctoral Training Programmes (DTPs), Centres for Doctoral Training (CDTs) and calls such as Algorithms or CASE Industrial studentships.
Prospective students should normally have at least an upper second-class Honours degree, and an application for PhD study for the relevant year, in order to be considered for a PhD studentship.
Candidates should not apply directly to NERC but rather should indicate that they wish to be considered for a studentship on their postgraduate application form.
Further information is available from the NERC website.


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Diet From Hell
Ray Stern May 10, 2007 4:00AM
Restricting the diet in almost any way tends to increase the chances for a nutritional deficiency, Johnston says. But problems with veganism are rare. Far more common is over-nourishment on fast foods and processed foods. Millions of Americans limit their options by regularly choosing food that isn't good for them, and it's so convenient and cheap that they eat a lot of it. So do their children.
"Parents are abusing their kids in a manner we don't understand yet," Johnston says.
Kimu Parker's lawyer, Charles Vogel, asked for an extension of Kimu's sentencing date to give him more time for legal maneuvers.
By June 13, Vogel hopes to convince the judge in the case, Thomas O'Toole, that he should dismiss the verdicts pertaining to Michaela and Caleb because no evidence exists that they suffered serious physical injuries.
If he's successful, Kimu Parker may get only 10 years instead of 30 to 51.
Either way, she can try to appeal her conviction.
Her husband and his former lawyer, James Wilson, were rattled by the verdict against Kimu. Vogel failed to make the jury believe that the kids had malabsorption syndrome, or even that the Parkers had good reason to believe the children suffered from it. Prosecutor Frankie Grimsman even turned the Parkers' only outside source of medical expertise — herbal specialist Windy Skeete — against them. Skeete testified for the state and contradicted parts of the Parkers' story.
Before Blair Parker fired Wilson, the attorney was focusing on Blair's mental state. But an insanity defense has always been out of the question. That defense can be employed only if it can be proved that the Parkers had no idea what they were doing.
Prosecutors proved just the opposite in Kimu's trial.
Three jurors interviewed by New Times say they didn't spend much time attempting to get inside Kimu Parker's mind during deliberations.
The statute under which Kimu was convicted reads "intentionally or knowingly" causing harm to a child. The jurors said they interpreted that to mean they should convict if they found Kimu may not have meant to hurt her children but, ultimately, knew she was doing so.
An acquittal for Blair appears a long shot. And it looks doubtful that he'll ever have custody of his three oldest children again.
But until his new trial date in September, at least Blair has the comfort of holding Isaiah, his and Kimu's new baby boy.
The Parker couple had been stuck in an empty home for months in 2005 after being freed on bond from jail. They were facing near-life sentences in prison, and their children had been placed in foster care. With almost no future ahead of them, the Parkers created one.
Isaiah was born last summer.
The boy stayed with his parents until his mother was taken to jail last month after her conviction.
Now, he's in Blair's care. At least for a little while.
If his father also is convicted, the boy will become the state's responsibility.
Kimu's aunt, Chochez Harrison of Gardena, California, has seen baby Isaiah's picture.
"He's plump and happy," she says.
Ray Stern has worked as a newspaper reporter in Arizona for more than two decades. He's won numerous awards for his reporting, including the Arizona Press Club's Don Bolles Award for Investigative Journalism.
Ask a Mexican on the Love for Santana
By Gustavo Arellano
Ask a Mexican on Pedestrian Fatalities
Ask a Mexican on Mexicans Who Don't Like White People


In harmony with nature, the garden of Les Roches Rouges celebrates the marine landscape and plants indigenous to the Esterel scrub. The typical Mediterranean garden planted with tamarisk, marine figs, myrtle, mimosa, lavender, ferns and agapanthus, and lined with flagstones and red sand pathways, strikes a subtle balance between vegetable and mineral. The steppe vegetation along the coast, with dominant notes of everlasting flowers, makes for memorable walks. Further inland, a more abundant but equally relaxing natural environment, complete with small cabins and wooden pontoons, makes the perfect setting to rest, admire the sea or meditate. The landscape changes as you stroll through the garden with its soothing perfumes of aromatic rosemary, sage, thyme and verbena, meadow flowers and pinewood, and scented scrubland shrubs. The Hôtel Les Roches Rouges has chosen only local species to recreate an authentic Mediterranean garden attuned to its coastal habitat.


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La Campana de Gràcia fou un setmanari satíric, republicà i anticlerical. Fundat per Innocenci López i Bernagossi el 8 de maig de 1870, s'edità durant més de 64 anys. Nascut com a setmanari bilingüe, només emprà el castellà en algun escrit dels primers anys. Més interessat per la política estatal que per la catalana, criticà les accions catalanistes. Però anà modificant la seva actitud i ajudà el moviment de Solidaritat Catalana i feu una política catalana d'esquerres entre la classe obrera. Des del 2 de juliol de 1932 fins a la seva desaparició, fou propietat d'ERC. La dirigiren, entre d'altres, Antoni Serra, Josep Roca i Roca, Prudenci Bertrana i Màrius Aguilar. Hi col·laboraven escriptors i polítics com ara Valentí Almirall, Frederic Soler, Conrad Roure, Gabriel Alomar i Villalonga, Ángel Pestaña, Joan Puig i Ferreter, i els dibuixants Tomàs Padró, Apel·les Mestres, Manuel Moliné, Josep Lluís Pellicer, Llorenç Brunet, Pere Ynglada (Yda), Josep Costa (Picarol) i Ricard Opisso.

Història
Innocenci López i Bernagossi, el seu fundador, era l'editor de moltes publicacions periòdiques de l'època. Valentí Almirall va ser qui va proposar el nom de la publicació, ja que era un setmanari molt lligat al municipi de Gràcia, que va ser independent fins al 1897, quan va quedar annexionat a Barcelona. El títol recordava una crida a la resistència pels tocs de la campana de la Plaça d'Orient, dos mesos abans, a la vila de Gràcia, durant la Revolta de les Quintes (1870), quan el municipi es va oposar a la demanda del Govern de portar obligatòriament els joves a l'Exèrcit. El general Eugenio Gaminde va ser l'encarregat d'imposar-se a la força, i va ser llavors quan els de Gràcia van ser cridats a la resistència pels tocs de la campana. Els militars la van disparar repetidament amb els canons, però la campana no va deixar de tocar. La campana es va convertir en un símbol de resistència i del federalisme que defensaven molts dels veïns.

Tot i declar-se com a setmanari bilingüe, només feia servir el castellà en alguns escrits dels primers anys. Això va canviar els següents anys, ja alternant l'ús del català i del castellà. Es va publicar durant més de 64 anys (3.403 números que, a les portades, s'anomenaven "batallades"). El seu format era de 2,5 x 20,9 cm i 4 pàgines a dos columnes. Amb el pas dels anys va augmentar el nombre de pàgines, van disminuir les dimensions i el preu va augmentar segons les circumstàncies del mercat.

Es tractava d'una publicació interessada en la política, tot i que sempre des d'un punt de vista satíric. Políticament, primer va ser proper a Pi i Margall, republicà moderat durant la Primera República, i seguidor de Castelar durant la restauració monàrquica. Estava més interessat en la política estatal que per la catalana, i va criticar les accions catalanistes, tret dels Jocs Florals. Tot i així, va anar modificant la seva actitud fins que va ajudar el moviment de Solidaritat Catalana, blasmà el lerrouxisme i va fer una política catalana d'esquerres entre la classe obrera, això ja sota el nom de L'Esquella de la Torratxa.

L'abril de 1872 la monarquia d'Amadeu I d'Espanya estava a punt de caure i s'havia proclamat l'estat de setge per un nou aixecament carlí, sota aquestes circumstàncies el govern va decidir suspendre la publicació. El número 106 de La Campana va ser prohibit. Llavors, el seu editor va dir: "Està bé; no volen sentir campanades, car sentiran esquellots". Així, des del 6 al 26 de maig de 1872 i de l'1 de novembre al 6 de desembre de 1874 es va substituir per L'Esquella de la Torratxa, publicació succedània de La Campana, amb els mateixos col·laboradors i dibuixants i els mateixos format, mida i composició, que també es va suspendre, i encara es va crear una tercera revista, La Tomasa (nom d'una altra famosa campana de Barcelona), que va viure del 30 de maig al 16 de juny de 1872.

Finalment es va poder restablir la publicació de La Campana fins que, poc abans de la Restauració borbònica, la revista va tornar a ensopegar amb la censura i va ser suspesa de nou (en el número 241 del 8 de novembre de 1874). Es va tornar a la tàctica de publicar L'Esquella, que va sortir de nou durant quatre números. Una tercera vegada, a principis de 1879, es va tornar a repetir la suspensió però, en aquella ocasió, López va seguir editant les dues revistes. Des d'aquell moment la història de les dues publicacions es barreja i conflueix, ja que compartiren editor, director, escriptors, dibuixants i impremtes fins al 1932. Aquell any van canviar de propietari i, si bé La Campana va deixar d'aparèixer el 1934, L'Esquella va sobreviure tota la guerra fins a l'arribada dels nacionals a Barcelona el gener de 1939.

La publicació va començar a ser impresa per Imp. de la Viuda e Hijos de Gaspar, a partir del desembre de 1891; l'impressor va ser A. López Robert i, a partir del maig del 1900, Lluis Tasso, encara que el mes d'octubre del mateix any, l'impressor va passar a ser Estampa de La Campana La Esquella.

El tiratge inicial fou de 3.000 exemplars i en pocs mesos ja havia arribat als 5.000. En cinc anys el tiratge se situava en una mitjana de 10.000 exemplars, i el 1888, en el número 1.000, el tiratge ordinari estava sobre els 22.000 exemplars setmanals. L'any 1903 consten 30.000 exemplars setmanals per a La Campana i 22.000 per a L'Esquella. Són xifres de rècord si tenim en compte la població i l'elevat nivell d'analfabetisme de l'època.

Més de la meitat de la seva existència, La Campana de Gràcia fou dirigida per Josep Roca i Roca, que va deixar el càrrec el 1907, poc després de publicar el número 2.000 de la revista, per desavinences amb Antoni López i Benturas, fill del fundador i editor de la revista, Innocenci López, que va morir el 22 de setembre de 1895. Antoni va passar al capdavant de la Llibreria Espanyola i el negoci editorial i va introduir, a poc a poc, diverses millores a les dues publicacions.

Entre la llarga llista de periodistes i col·laboradors de la revista hi trobem a Eduard Aulés, Conrad Roure, Rossend Arús, Valentí Almirall, Josep Verdú, Josep Barbany (Pepet del Carril), Prudenci Bertrana, Márius Aguilar (Paradox), Gabriel Alomar, Joan Serra i Constansó (Jep de Jespus), Antoni Rovira i Virgili (Wifred), Juli Francesc Guibernau (C. Gumà), Josep Burgas (Fra Noi), Joan Puig i Ferrater, Àngel Samblancat, Joan Maragall, Santiago Rusiñol, Àngel Guimerà, José Nakens, Ferran Canyameres, Domènec de Bellmunt, Lluís Capdevila, Ángel Pestaña, Francesc Madrid, Lluís Companys o Josep Maria Massip.

Els dibuixants van esdevenir no només un dels principals reclams de la revista sinó també un dels més importants senyals d'identitat. Tan sols per la seva col·lecció de dibuixos, La Campana de Gràcia ja es podria considerar una de les joies de la premsa satírica arreu del món. En els primers anys Tomàs Padró es va ocupar gairebé exclusivament de la il·lustració de la revista. A la seva mort el va substituir Apel·les Mestres i, més endavant, abans del canvi de segle, hi trobem artistes com Manuel Moliné, Ramon Miró, Josep Lluís Pellicer, Marià Foix, Jaume Pahissa, Ramon Escaler, Oleguer Junyent, Llorenç Brunet i Joan Pellicer Montseny, entre molts d'altres. Amb el canvi de segle, es va anar renovant progressivament la plantilla de dibuixants, on podem destacar-hi a Josep Costa àlies Picarol, que va ser el dibuixant més prolífic de la revista al llarg de més de trenta anys, Opisso, Apa, Bon, Bagaria, Xirinius, Pascual Capuz, Xavier Gosé, Passarell o Nicanor Vázquez.

En els darrers anys, després de la mort d'Antoni López el 1931, els seus hereus es van vendre la revista, que va passar a ser editada per ERC des del 2 de juliol de 1932. La revista va modificar el seu format i era més política que satírica, publicant articles dels principals líders d'ERC. En aquella breu etapa hi dibuixaren autors com Josep Escobar i Saliente, Roqueta, Tísner, Bartolí, Cabrero Arnal, Ramiro Mondragón, Anem, Alloza, Shum o Melcior Niubo ("NIU"). La revista va ser prohibida per les autoritats arran dels fets d'octubre de 1934, després dels empresonaments de membres d'ERC.

Fons gràfic
L'Arxiu Històric de la Ciutat de Barcelona (AHCB) conserva en el seu fons documental 1.342 originals de dibuixants que col·laboraren a les pàgines de La Campana de Gràcia, entre 1888 i 1930: Llorenç Brunet i Forroll (1873-1939), Marià Foix i Prats (1860-1914), Joan Llopart i Tresserres (1858-1937), Ramon Miró i Folguera (1864-1927), Ramiro Mondragón, Ricard Opisso i Sala (1880-1966), Josep Lluís Pellicer i Fenyé (1842-1901), Joan Pellicer Montseny (1863-1914), Josep Costa i Ferrer, Picarol (1876-1971) i Pere Ynglada Sallent, Yda (1881-1951), entre d'altres.

D'aquests 1.342 dibuixos, 818, el 60,9% són originals de Picarol, els quals abasten el període 1903-1930. A molta distància el segueixen Ramon Miró amb 83, Joan Pellicer amb 25, i Nicanor Vázquez i Ubach (1861-1930) i Ramiro Mondragón amb 10 cada un.

Referències

Bibliografia

Enllaços externs

 Il·lustracions aparegudes a La Campana de Gràcia
 La Campana de Gràcia  a ciberniz.com (en castellà)
 Digitalització disponible al portal ARCA (Arxiu de Revistes Catalanes Antigues)
 Les capçaleres de La Campana de Gràcia; símbols i iconografia, 2012.

Premsa històrica de Barcelona en català
Setmanaris de Catalunya en català desapareguts
Premsa humorística de Catalunya
Mitjans de comunicació de Gràcia
Premsa local de Catalunya en català

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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WCAX Reporter Accused of Groping Female Student Pleads Not Guilty
NEXT:Fox Makes Key Appointments at WJZY-WMYT
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CBS Affiliates | ShopTalk
By Merrill Knox on Apr. 22, 2013 - 4:26 PM
WCAX reporter Matt Henson pleaded not guilty Monday to charges of lewd and lascivious conduct and committing a prohibited act stemming from a March arrest, according to the Burlington Free Press.
Henson, who is currently suspended from the Burlington CBS affiliate, is accused of groping a female college student in a bar without her consent on two occasions on March 15.
Henson was released on condition that he not contact the student and he not visit the Packing House Bar, the site of the original incident, according to the Burlington Free Press.


Federal Appeals Court Upholds Reduction in Woman's Medicaid Private Nursing Care – Hall Law Firm, P.C.
A U.S. appeals court rules that a significant reduction in private duty nursing hours for a woman with multiple severe disabilities does not amount to discrimination under federal law. Carpenter-Barker v. Ohio Department of Medicaid (6th Cir, No. 17-4301, Aug. 31, 2018).
Megan Carpenter has many serious medical conditions that render her unable to care for herself. Ms. Carpenter, who lives with her mother, receives different forms of government assistance to help with the constant care she needs. For many years, as ordered by her treating physician, the Ohio Department of Medicaid (ODM) authorized 168 hours a week of private duty nursing (PDN) for her. In 2009, ODM prevailed in reducing her PDN to 128 hours a week.
In 2013, ODM further reduced the number of weekly PDN hours to 56, arguing that Ms. Carpenter received assorted services that were duplicative and that private care aides could do much of the work performed by nurses. A subsequent settlement allowed Ms. Carpenter to continue receiving 128 hours a week of PDN. Just two months after the settlement, ODM again reduced the PDN hours to 56 a week, based on its evaluation of medical necessity. Pending her administrative appeal of that reduction, Ms. Carpenter's mother, Cynthia Carpenter-Barker, filed a federal lawsuit alleging that ODM had violated the "integration mandate" that was the basis of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Olmstead v. L.C., 527 U.S. 581 (1999). Ms. Carpenter-Barker claimed that the reduction in PDN care put her daughter at risk of institutionalization. The district court granted summary judgment in favor of ODM but stayed it from reducing Ms. Carpenter's PDN pending her appeal.
The United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit, affirms the lower court's decision. The court explains that Olmstead did not "set a standard of care or specifically require that states offer all the aid a patient wants." States may rely on reasonable medical assessments and judgments of its public health officials in determining what assistance an individual requires. ODM's decisions with respect to Ms. Carpenter were based on individualized determinations by its medical professionals and did not rise to the level of discrimination prohibited by law.
To see the court's full opinion, click here.
To see our earlier coverage of the district court's ruling, click here.


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MN Senate leader talks lesbians, welfare, and the 'oozing... love of Christ' January 17 by Mike Mullen
Study: Minnesota drivers suck least January 17 by Hannah Jones
Welp, Tiktok's Nurse Holly is from Minnesota January 17 by Hannah Jones
The weekend's best concerts: Jan. 17-19 January 17 by CP Staff
The 1975's coming to the Xcel with Phoebe Bridgers in May January 16 by Keith Harris
The best power pop album of the 21st century is now streaming January 16 by Keith Harris
The more it snows, the cheaper your beer gets January 17 by Jay Boller
Beloved Mucci's doughnuts are coming back January 16 by Sarah Brumble
The Bird closes for January, eventual reopening unconfirmed January 15 by Jay Boller
No getting off at 'This Bridge Called My Ass,' but you'll want to stay on it January 17 by Jay Gabler
Indie boutique Cliché has closed January 17 by Jessica Armbruster
Snowmageddon? Pffft, whatever. Here are 26 free things to do this weekend. January 17 by Jessica Armbruster
Review: 'Underwater' rips off 'Alien' so blatantly it's impossible to enjoy January 15 by Tony Libera
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Remembering Sarah Jacobson, the badass filmmaker that brought Riot Grrrl sensibility to theaters January 8 by Alex Kies
Next Beloved Mucci's doughnuts are coming back
Can this grilled cheese shop help fix our broken criminal justice system?
Wednesday, January 16, 2019 by Emily Cassel in Food & Drink
(L-R) Tomas Reynolds, Nei'Yana Roby, Chris Dolan Colleen Guenther
Picture a place that offers nearly every service a person needs after prison.
It provides full-time work and a living wage, things that can be almost impossible to find once you have a criminal record. It hosts classes in personal and professional development, on everything from making a budget to civil rights to social media marketing. Staff members are on hand to help you get ready for the future, whether that means applying for school or formulating a business plan, and there are regular check-ins and group discussions about restorative justice. It even has mental health and wellness services onsite, available free of charge.
Were you picturing a tiny south Minneapolis grilled cheese shop?
Late last year, a cozy neighborhood spot opened on the corner of 41st Street and Minnehaha Avenue. Each afternoon, the sun-filled room hums with the chatter of young families and tapping of laptop keys; at night, neon lights give it a calm, electric glow. Gooey sandwiches sizzle on the griddle behind the bar before they're nestled next to small piles of greens and fries. Everything smells like cheese and butter.
It's cliched to say that a restaurant "looks at first like any other" before diving into whatever minutiae sets it ever so slightly apart from its contemporaries. But here, that distinction is important. Because the sandwich shop does operate differently than any other restaurant in Minnesota and just about any in the country: One hundred percent of its employees have been to prison.
This is All Square, the brainchild of Emily Hunt Turner, a civil rights attorney who spent most of her career working in prisoner reentry and fair housing with the Department of Housing & Urban Development.
The Leadership: (L-R) Tommy Franklin, Emily Hunt Turner, Heather Olsen, Roslynn Pedracine, Tommy Harris, Sara Stamschror-Lott. Artwork by Richard Amos. Colleen Guenther
It's a job that sounds rewarding, which belies the slow and often futile work. In her time with the department, she saw up-close the myriad ways in which the system fails people who have served time. It's legal, for example, to deny housing to those who've been incarcerated—even government-subsidized public housing. She describes her work there as an exercise in extended frustration and "being pissed at HUD."
It's not just finding a place to live, either. Universities and employers are allowed to ask applicants if they've been convicted of a felony. Drug and alcohol treatment, job training, and mental health services are difficult to track down and tough to afford once you do. You'll find an undercurrent of prejudice in almost every facet of reentry, a sneering disdain attached to terms like "ex-con." All that contributes to the United States' high recidivism rates.
"People have gone to prison, done their shit, and they're being punished as much as 41 years later," Hunt Turner says, referring to one case she worked on while she was with the department.
Those years with HUD made her angry. They also got her thinking about alternate ways to shift the system. Maybe Emily Hunt Turner the government employee couldn't help people find stable housing, or apply to college, or convince an employer to hire them. But could a business meet needs the government wasn't? Could a restaurant?
After years of planning, organizing, and fundraising, All Square opened in September.
The nonprofit restaurant is a "civil rights social enterprise," and if that sounds like a lot of words for "sandwich shop," that's because it does more than just supply people with jobs and meals.
"A paycheck, a guarantee that you can work X amount of hours a week—it's a good start," says restaurant and creative director Tommy Franklin.
"We're not just out to reduce recidivism," Hunt Turner adds. "We're not just out to provide minimum-wage jobs. We want to generate leaders. That's who we are and what we do."
All Square's 12 once-incarcerated employees—the restaurant uses the term "justice impacted"—are there Tuesday through Friday. From 11 in the morning until 9 at night, they serve up sweet and savory creations like the Punch 'n Crunch (cheddar, jalapeños, Sriracha ranch, Chili Cheese Fritos) and the Jerk Chicken (rotisserie chicken, Swiss, provolone, guava jam, Jamaican jerk sauce).
They're there on Mondays, too, though the griddles stay cool while everyone heads into the space next door for that week's All Square Institute.
This is the part most lunchtime guests don't see, and it's the thing that sets the restaurant apart. Designed to accommodate 10 to 14 justice-impacted persons—"fellows"—at a time, it offers two main tracks: entrepreneurship and law. They've assembled a team of experts and guests to help lead classes, and partners include the Brennan Center for Justice, Hamline Law School, and Yale Law.
Fellows leave the yearlong program with a six-month post-graduation plan, plus a résumé, references, and a network that's there to help them if they need support in the future.
"Everything under our mission of providing paychecks, power, and pipelines to prosperity," says program director Tommy Harris. "Whatever that means to you."
There are a few similar operations: In Cleveland, Edwins Leadership & Restaurant employs the formerly incarcerated and provides access to housing, legal services, and literacy programs. But Edwins deals in French fine dining; it's $40 plates and white tablecloths, not $7 sandwiches and draft beer. It also sticks to culinary and hospitality skills, while All Square focuses on entrepreneurship more broadly.
Personal development is integral too, from lessons on making a budget and building wealth to mental health and wellness services. The institute has two therapists on hand, and all of this year's fellows have opted to participate in both weekly one-on-one meetings and a restorative circle with leadership and fellows.
The name "All Square" is a play on the sandwich shape and the idea that folks who serve their time are supposed to be "square" in the eyes of the law. You don't need to have restaurant experience to apply. You aren't expected to specify your career goals when you interview. The institute ensures its fellows have transportation and business attire, and everyone is issued a company phone.
What graduates do with their institute training is entirely up to them. Some will go to law school; one entrepreneur plans to open a mobile beauty business.
And yes, a few fellows in the inaugural institute plan to put their grilled cheese-flipping experience into practice with food trucks or restaurants of their own. You can see their handiwork as new sandwiches appear on the menu. One recent addition, a Mediterranean-style sammy with cucumbers, hummus, and thyme-infused butter, boasts a name worthy of a spot on the Bob's Burgers specials board: Did My Thyme.
There are nods like that to the All Square ethos all over the restaurant, though at first, founders weren't sure to what extent there should be. It takes serious strength of character to be so forthcoming about your past, and to be employed by a restaurant where every shift is an intrinsic reminder of it.
"It's a big fuckin' deal to ask someone to work in a place that, like, puts them on blast, and we do not take that lightly at all," Hunt Turner says. "We're going to be very real and very honest about who we are and what we do, but we knew that what would come with that would be: Everybody who comes in here knows everybody who works here has a record."
The mission isn't keeping any diners away—or if it is, those people aren't missed. All Square raised $60,000 through Kickstarter to get off the ground in 2016, and the Minneapolis Foundation and Still Ain't Satisfied Foundation have awarded them with grants to fund operations. An ongoing GiveMN campaign has brought in another $106,000. Just this November, Wisconsin's Crystal Farms donated a year's worth of cheese and butter to the cause.
It's an ethos that's resonating with the neighborhood, too. Harris says they're "blowing revenue projections out of the water." ("There are some people that come here six days a week—there's one person I'm a little nervous for," Franklin adds, chuckling.) Just before the holidays, someone tacked on a $500 tip with their bill.
"These guys are getting tipped so well," Hunt Turner says. "Let's be real, that is kind of badass. People are coming in and intentionally investing in you and tipping you. Let's celebrate that... that's a big fucking deal."
Speaking of big fucking deals: If you can't consider it one already on account of its pint-sized footprint, All Square is poised to reach that level soon. In December, the viral Facebook video makers at Now/This shared its story in a three-minute clip that has nearly 528,000 views, and more and more news outlets outside Minnesota are catching on. Fast Company wrote about the mission shortly after the grand opening—"Every employee at this grilled cheese restaurant has a criminal record"—while Delta's inflight magazine gave them a hat tip in a recent "new and noteworthy" section. There was a Thought Catalog profile. Even Oprah shouted out the mission-based eatery on her "Super Soul Conversations" podcast. (No, they haven't met O herself... yet.)
There's been plenty of national praise for the building itself, too. Created by award-winning architects Jonathan Louie and Nicole McIntosh, the eye-catching neon-accented space is the opposite of a gray-and-white prison cafeteria. At night, it makes its little corner radiate like something out of Blade Runner, a design that's looking toward the future like the employees inside. "This Glowing Grilled Cheese Restaurant Offers the Formerly Incarcerated a Fresh Start," the NYC-based architecture and design magazine Metropolis cooed earlier this month, and they were only the latest to profile the eatery, after the Architect's Paper and Architectural Digest.
Not bad for a shop selling $6-$8 sandwiches.
"We've seen incredible growth overall from where we started until now," Harris says. They've already expanded, taking over the building next door where the institute's classes are held. Eventually, Franklin would like to see that address used for even more: a space for youth or members of the community to come together or host events.
And their plans don't stop with Minneapolis. "We wouldn't call it a social enterprise if we didn't intend to scale," Hunt Turner says.
Growth isn't what drives them, but one of their long-term goals is to transform the narrative around having a criminal record. "One way to do that is to scale our business model and our brand," Hunt Turner says. There have already been a few requests to bring the concept elsewhere, and they've talked about replicating All Square's original model in Fargo, or New Orleans, or as near as Hunt Turner's hometown, St. Paul.
For now, though, they're focusing on making the institute as valuable to fellows as it can be. All of this is new—for Minnesota, for the country, and for the folks serving sandwiches and giving lectures at All Square every day. The first group of fellows aren't yet halfway through the program.
"Obviously, changing the system from within... it's going to take several years," says Franklin. "Not two, not three, not five. Sometimes 10 or 20. But to be just a little tiny solution in this little pocket of Minneapolis, to begin with—it seems like a small piece, but it's a tremendous challenge. And a tremendous responsibility and honor to get buy-in and trust from the community."
"It's a trial every single day," Hunt Turner says. "I would never sugarcoat just how difficult it is for us to continue to work out all these things.
"I'm crazy excited to see where it goes," she adds. "That's way more purpose than I was ever able to extract as a housing lawyer."
In the meantime, they'll make you a mean grilled cheese.
4047 Minnehaha Ave. Minneapolis
allsquarempls.com
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Rebecca Wilbanks, PhD
rwilban2@jhu.edu
Rebecca received her PhD in 2017 from Stanford's Program in Modern Thought and Literature, and holds a BA summa cum laude in comparative literature and biological sciences from Cornell University. She is currently a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of the History of Medicine, and a Hecht-Levi fellow at the Berman Institute of Bioethics. Addressing the intersection of science and culture, her work engages literary studies, science and technology studies, the history and philosophy of science, technology, and medicine, and the environmental humanities.
Her dissertation and current book project, "Synthetic Biology and Life's Imagined Futures" charts the movement of narratives about creating and modifying life from science fiction to scientific practice and back. In doing so, it demonstrates the concrete effects of future fictions on the development of the field of synthetic biology and related efforts by self-described "biohackers" to extend the tools of the field to non-professionals. In this analysis, science fiction provides both legitimizing myths for biotechnology's political economy as well as alternative modes of co-producing new life forms with forms of social order.
At Hopkins, she is excited to join other Bioethics and History of Medicine colleagues at the Center for Bridging Infectious Disease, Genomics, and Society (BRIDGES), where her work focuses on applications of gene editing technologies to fight infectious disease (for example, through the genetic modification and release of disease vectors such as mosquitoes). How have discussions about modifying either human bodies or other species to combat infectious disease evolved since the mid-twentieth century? How have the implications of genetic modification on our relationship with our own bodies and the environment been explored in science fiction and other narrative forms? What kinds of governance and public engagement are adequate to the development and deployment of technologies such as gene drives in a transnational context?


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Home » Celebrity » Jonathan Morris Bio: From Age, Dating, Sister, Book To Now
Jonathan Morris Bio: From Age, Dating, Sister, Book To Now
By Dipesh Katuwal | On: 03 May, 2018
Franciscan University
Sharon Morris(Mother)
Jonathan Morris, a former Roman Catholic priest, came into the limelight as a religion correspondent on the Fox News Channel. He has also served for CNN and BBC during the death of Pope John Paul II.
In addition to that, he is also an author known for his New York Times' bestselling books such as The Way of Serenity, God Wants You Happy, and The Promise: God's Purpose and Plan for When Life Hurts.
Short Bio Plus Age
Jonathan Morris was born on the 22nd of August 1972, in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. He attended high schools in Michigan and Ohio. Later, he got enrolled at the University of San Jose, Costa Rica, to study political science. Likewise, he studied business administration at the Franciscan University located in Steubenville, Ohio.
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Besides that, he has degrees in philosophy and theology.
Jonathan Morris' Dating Status, Now
In an interview with ncregister.com in 2014, Jonathan quoted that he had a girlfriend while he was studying at Franciscan University. Adding more, he shared a tragic love story confessing how his friend married his girlfriend while he was in the quest to becoming a priest. He spoke;
"My roommate was thinking of the priesthood, and I was impressed. It is such a big commitment. I invited him to a retreat to think about it. At the retreat, I started thinking about it myself. In the end, I became a priest, and my roommate married my girlfriend — although he asked my permission before he started dating her."
Jonathan Morris with his holy disciples, the image shared on 2 February 2017 (Photo: Jonathan's Facebook)
Nevertheless, as of 10 June 2019, it's known through cruxnow.com that Jonathan had decided to leave the priesthood. Also, he said, as a free man, he wants to get married and have a wonderful marriage.
Yet, again, he has not given any hints regarding his possible relationship.
Family Details- Gay Sister?
Son of an attorney father and a social worker mother, Sharon Morris Jonathan Morris has two older siblings and four younger siblings: among them, one is a girl.
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On a tweet of 7 May 2014, he revealed that his sister's sexuality isn't straight—she is married to a same-sex person in Washington, DC.
Some Interesting Facts About Jonathan Morris
Jonathan is very fluent in Spanish and Italian language.
He is a former Parochial vicar of St. Patrick's Old Cathedral in New York City.
He is a member of the Legion of Christ, a Catholic religious congregation.
He has played in the movie The Irishman (2019) and TV series such as The Real Story with Gretchen Carlson (2013), Lou Dobbs Tonight (2013-14), and Jesus: His Life (2019).
He had provided some theological guidance in the movie The Passion of the Christ.
He was promoted from religion correspondent to a Television analyst of Fox News Channel, and it's other branches.
He is a host plus program director of the News & Views program on The Catholic Channel.
In 2015, while he was on a gay pride parade in New York City, he was spat by two men.
#American Catholic Priest #Author #The Way of Serenity #God Wants You Happy #The Irishman
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Lucy stitched this unusual stylized sampler while attending Miss Word's School in Portsmouth, NH. She included a large urn in the center memorizing Misses Sarah and Ann French. She also included two verses, vertical alphabets and angled lettering in her inscription. Also, a basket containing a rose centered by a festoon vine, berries and flowers above the cenotaph memorializing Sarah and Ann French; [d. 1795 and 1802] …the monument flanked by willow trees, all within a neatly wrought border.
Charming cental motif bird on oak branch, surrounded by several sampler designs.
In early black reeded frame; minor damage in the left bottom corner.
Silk on linen, in lemon gold frame, darned in a number of spots.
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What did Jake do in Sweet Home Alabama?
Question: What did Jake do in Sweet Home Alabama?
What did Jake do to Melanie Sweet Home Alabama?
What is the line from Sweet Home Alabama?
Why you wanna marry me so I can kiss you anytime I want?
Did Melanie marry her cousin Sweet Home Alabama?
Why do u want to marry me?
What killed Larry junstrom?
Who killed Leon Wilkeson?
Jake, a fishing guide, still lives in the same small, rural house where he and Melanie lived. He still refuses to sign the divorce papers, seemingly just to make life difficult for her.
The original ending of Sweet Home Alabama was much darker As they kiss, the two get struck by lightning — just like they did when they were kids. Jake takes her limp body to the reception, where he tells the guests Melanie has died. But it turned out to be a joke.
The truth is I gave my heart away a long time ago, my whole heart, and I never really got it back.
Young Melanie : Why would you want to marry me for, anyhow? Young Jake : So I can kiss you anytime I want.
They got married solely because she was pregnant, she ultimately miscarrying. Since she left Pigeon Creek and Jake seven years ago, Melanie has tried to get a divorce from Jake, signing divorce papers which he has refused to do.
1. Marriage allows me to show my love in a way that nothing else can. It is a symbolic gesture of our love and commitment to one another. The wedding itself gives friends and family an excuse to even for a day truly celebrate our relationship and life together.
October 6, 2019 Larry Junstrom/Date of death
A medical examiner subsequently ruled that Wilkeson suffered from chronic lung and liver disease and died of natural causes at the age of 49, per Billboard.


Few weeks ago, I surprised baby with something sweet. Zi Quan came over for the weekend and we talked the whole night till 8am while baby couldn't take it anymore and slept like 5am. At noon, I woke up and quietly rushed down to prepare his breakfast!
I know the breakfast is really simple but I thought I'd do something special since we rarely see each other.
He was sobbing quietly while savouring every mouthful. It was such a cute scenario to see my boyfriend being touched by my mini hardwork.
I was in KL for the past one week and on Sunday, I decided to drive 300+ km, all the way up to Penang & surprise baby! It was so funny, the night before, I asked him what's his plan etc, what movie he would want to watch with his friends and once I reached Penang, I immediately went to Gurney Plaza, bought tickets for two to Buried (omgosh, the movie was so damn good) and went back to his condo.
I was right outside his place when I called him on the phone.
Mel: Hey baby, where are you?
Him: It's Sunday! I'm lazying in the room.
Mel: (Try to create a conversation without spilling the beans) Why didn't you hang out with your friends?
Him: Nahh, just woke up so I just wana chill a lil bit. Where are you, btw?
Him: Why is it quiet at The Store?
Mel: Cos I'm standing outside The Store?
Him: But still, it's kinda creepy that it's so quiet.
Mel: Well, you know how it is in Sitiawan on Sunday.
Him: Don't bluff la impossible it is so quiet.
I was being a bit uncomfortable standing outside the door with soft toys on one arm and phone on the other.
Mel: Hey, can you do me a favour & check what other shoes have I left in your place?
I kept persuading & trying to get him out of his room cos the plan was to get him to hear me knocking on the door & SURPRISE! But whoever said that throwing surprises was easy.
Mel: Hmm, why not you check if my chocolate… the one Kenny & Leon gave me for my birthday is still in the fridge or not?
Him: Haaa… later I'll check it for you can or not?
At this point, I was giggling, laughing at my own lame attempts of getting him to open the door.
Him: Why are you laughing?
Him: Why do you keep telling me to check your shoe? I'll check later can or not?
I was already knocking on the door.
Him: Bee, is there anybody knocking at your door?
I can't laugh on the phone, I can't say anything, cos if I do, he'll know I'm outside so I hung up.
omg you both are really sweet sweet!
You are such a great gf! very very sweet of you.
GOOD role model. OK i gonna do it one day!
so sweet of u !


Paul Dogboe, head of the technical team of former World Boxing Organization (WBO) Super Bantamweight champion, Isaac Dogboe has said, it will take more than strength and skills, to revenge against Mexican Emmanuel Navarrete in the return fight on May 11, at the Convention Centre in Arizona, United States of America (USA).
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While the Theme Park Brothers were waiting for their bus to Disney's Hollywood Studios they were kept company by a cast member who taught them some things about animals in Africa. This is one of the great things that Disney does to make their guests' experiences amazing!
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CCF/HSBC is a French and International bank company. It's the world's second largest bank with 60 million customers.
In 2000, HSBC asked Simstream to provide a SMS based system in order to replace an end of life pager system from Orange. The bank needed to be able to follow-up IT alerts during out-ofoffice schedules (nights, week-ends and holidays).
• Taking cognizance of the resolution of the incident.
Simstream delivered since 2000, four successive versions of SAM software, based on an HP server Cluster, managing two supervisor systems (HP OV and Mainframe), 3000 servers and handling 100 events per day.


Disincentives from outside ourselves to examine our emotional world (and our mental world in general) may be large. We saw this was the case for past groups of people. We can easily do what those around us are doing, regardless of whether it is the most beneficial and appropriate policy. We can look around us and see most things readily noticeable, and yet miss many important observations, miss many things others will discover later.
The undesirable in a future age can be the perversely desirable in the current one. In this way, the status quo can be viewed as normal and elevated above any sort of revolutionary change. What we know about aspects of the world and universe is just a fraction of what others will know about it hundreds of years from now. Context of knowledge has a major effect on the type and scope of our thinking and actions. This can be an impediment to seeing other possibilities—or it can be a great motivator for us.
Throughout the centuries of human history that were comparatively unproductive from an innovation and technology standpoint, most people probably thought that there was nothing else to really learn (or at least nothing to learn of great importance). Most were not concerned about changing the future. Keeping everything under control and in the tribal order was of greater concern; as noted, little independent thought was encouraged. How one could help the group and what the plans were for the day, week, or season, were sizable concerns as well. The tendency to get mired in everyday tasks without reflecting on them becomes strongest when the common mentality believes that most original thinking has been done—either that all important answers have been found, or that none are possible.
In fact, the harder survival is, the more tenaciously people cling to whatever immediate values they possess. Particular habits and cultural norms may seem to demarcate all the opportunities of life. The harder survival is, the more people rely on these norms for protection from the unknown and the undiscovered. Of course, this soon becomes a cycle of self-fulfilling prophecies, because as humans our choices determine our fates. And when these choices are shortsighted, they make the possibility for change seem harder (or even frightening).
Native people in third-world countries, for example, live much like people hundreds or even thousands of years ago. They endure their conditions. But contrary to the cliché, what they do not know is indeed hurting them. In addition to entrenched psychological attitudes about the merits of uncreative routines, more sinister factors contribute to their given state of affairs. Terribly flawed political systems promote pathetic situations. They also cause stark contrasts in societal conditions among countries. Such systems are usually aided by the doctrine of cultural relativism, which shows more concern for particular customs and traditions than human health and personal growth.
Many periods in human history have showed a preference for contentment. This is why some individuals are inspiring historical figures; they seemed not to fit exactly into their era's general outlook; they transcended day-to-day happenings and reflected on life and reality. Sometimes even entire societies embraced change and challenge during certain periods. These were times when humans rose above the everyday and started to ask unique questions about their existence.
Such novel exploration happened at this time for various reasons. In part, a political climate permitted rational criticism and debate for various people. Economies had also developed that allowed some (a minority however) the luxury to engage in thinking for its own sake.
Aristotle was another great example of those who appreciated this type of thinking. He went against many of the teachings of prominent philosophers before him, such as Plato and Socrates. In an age much different from our own, he was still tremendously dedicated to the pursuit of knowledge. In fact, as we saw with his ideas about logic, many of his observations about human beings and the nature of reality are invaluable. They have certainly contributed to the progress of our species; for instance, they helped to pull Western civilization out of the Dark Ages (via such thinkers as Thomas Aquinas).
Aristotle probably could not have achieved so much had he lived a thousand years earlier. Since knowledge is contextual, one needs a certain base to from which to start. To reach levels much beyond that base would be too great a cognitive leap for even a mind of genius. But usually great thinkers are able to give us glimpses of the next stage in our ideological evolution.
These observations pertain not only to scientific and technological discovery but also to philosophical and psychological discovery. Though the latter two seem to rely on a base that is constant in any age, they still require certain contextual components for fostering enlightenment. With the fields of philosophy and psychology, we face a different set of difficulties. They can be even more of a challenge to overcome than in overtly scientific areas.
For instance, the law of gravity formulated by Isaac Newton was discovered through directly perceivable means. He noticed the pervasive characteristic in nature that objects are drawn to each other, for instance smaller objects to enormous ones such as the Earth (an apple from a tree to the ground). He then proceeded to outline the properties of gravity stemming from the masses of entities and the distances between them.
Yet the discovery of emotions and mental processes, for instance, involves looking inward. What makes discovery of mind and related ideas sometimes more difficult is, of course, the ideational and emotional world of that same mind under study. Certain emotions and conceptual connections may prevent taking new perspectives. They can prevent the application of logic and thus can deter us from grasping what will be quite obvious to people in the future.
Psychological and philosophical discoveries are surely not beyond our logical capability. Since we are presented with the task of discovering things about the discoverer, we need to be as objective as possible. At times, parts of our subconscious may divert us from inspection of particular ideas. We may arrive unwittingly at conclusions that may be inaccurate in the light of total objectivity.
Unfortunately, many philosophers (and their various spokespersons) have maintained that objectivity does not exist. Of course, such a notion is self-refuting. We might recall the discussion of constructivism here. Any sort of claim, no matter how fantastic, must necessarily take place in objective reality. Objective reality (existence) is an axiomatic concept.
Subjectivity is a term that specifies a particular relationship to the objective. Typically, "subjective" is taken to mean an experience from a particular person's isolated perspective. Such an experience is distinguished from the wider context in which it is taking place—that is, the objective context.
If a person attempts to dispute the idea of objectivity, he or she must do so from an objective standpoint. Otherwise, the attempted disputation would only be subjective—hence, it would have no meaning in terms of objective knowledge. Because subjectivity is purportedly a place where there are no absolutes, the denial of objectivity (like the notion of determinism) can be used to promote less than healthy ideas and behavior.
In any era, a particular base or foundation of objective knowledge exists (i.e., knowledge is contextual). With this base, we can make more identifications about ourselves and about the world. These identifications, if they are logical, should be consistent with the major framework of knowledge. In other words, they should be objective. If inconsistencies arise, then our interpretations (either past or present) need to be refined.
Ultimately, knowledge keeps building on itself. For the individual and for society, knowledge is hierarchical.70 Claims to new knowledge must be scrutinized according to the Law of Non-Contradiction. As mentioned, our psychology can play a larger role than we sometimes realize in how we recognize and apply this law.
At times, forces in our psyche may tend to block clear thinking and a striving for enlightenment. Nevertheless, the striving for enlightenment—even if only from an emotional perspective—is evidenced throughout the world. It normally forms the essence of every major philosophy and religion. In the next section the ideas of personal enlightenment found in some of the world's major religions will be inspected. By understanding what they essentially present to people, we can better decide which path or paths to take on our enlightened journey.


Keele University is perfect for you if you like the idea of studying a combined honours degree (more than one subject) at an attractive, self-contained campus university in rural Staffordshire.
The University offers a wide range of subjects and ensures that science and social sciences are placed on an even footing. Cross-disciplinary education across science, arts and social science is strongly emphasised. An introductory or foundation year, in which students undertake interdisciplinary study, is strongly encouraged (although this, however, means that students would study for four instead of three years and has become slightly less popular over the years).
The University has traditionally required its students to study at least two subjects to degree level and strongly encourages students to study science, arts and social sciences. As a result over 90% of its students study for joint honours.


A $14,000 donation from the Canterbury League Club was exactly the right amount needed for the Cueibet Youth & Community Association (CYCA) to hold a series of information sessions advocating better awareness and understanding of serious social issues within the community.
With invitational speakers from a range of organisations like the NSW Department of Families and Community Services, Campsie Police, and Multicultural Youth Network, these sessions delivered important information on topics such as domestic violence, substance and alcohol abuse, sexual health and also youth engagement and participation.
"The beneficiaries are mostly migrant youth and their families and address the social issues they might be facing. These sessions empower migrant families to tackle emerging social issues arising in their community with resilience and positive thinking," said Moses Majak, Secretary for the Cueibet Youth & Community Association.
CYCA is part of a collective organisation of seven diverse refugee community groups called the Canterbury Community Hub that operates in the local Canterbury/Bankstown area. They are based in Campsie at the Metro Migrant Resource Centre.
Aside from running community education sessions, CYCA also runs other activities including English and language classes, soccer and volleyball teams, sports competitions and cultural day dances as a way to enhance community interaction and integration.
"This project really benefits migrants who may be having difficulties adjusting to a new life in a new community. They now have access to first-hand information from primary sources and the opportunity to meet families in similar situations," said Dr George Peponis OAM, Chairman of Canterbury League Club.


Feel free to choose where you will eat: in the elegant Suinsom, in the spacious and well-lighted hotel restaurant, or in the informal Ty Bistro. In all of our restaurants you will find dishes prepared according to our philosophy that will delight your palate.
The selection and pursuit of products is an important part of our chefs' responsibilities to ensure maximum quality and wholesomeness, any time of the year.
Our highly selected raw materials are chosen almost exclusively from local producers, except for the fish, which comes fresh from the Tuscan sea. Our fresh pasta and bread, sweets and jams, seasonal fruits and vegetables, and high quality meats and cheeses are the stars of our cuisine.
We pamper our guests, any time of the day.
Chef Alessandro Martinelli personally takes care of the first leavening of the products offered for breakfast. After a walk in the fresh air in the Dolomites, we offer quick, tasty, and light dishes so you can return to your favourite activities in no time at all.
In the evening you can enjoy tasty aperitifs and a full dinner, which in evenings dedicated to the respective culinary traditions of the owners is fully expressed in Tyrol hospitality: a tasting menu in a mixed style from Val Gardena to Valdorcia.
To help you choose, we will guide you with our "La Usc dl Tyrol", the small newsletter that discusses the various specials of the week and food and wine events not to be missed.
Each week the culinary events are particularly rich and inviting, from the sweets and desserts buffet to the typical Ladin snack in a truly unique location: our cabin.
All of our menus are created with fresh and balanced ingredients from a nutritional point of view, incorporating the vision of Tyrol heath and wellness, which is pursued in every detail. This also means looking out for our guests who suffer from coeliac disease or other food allergies and intolerances. Just inform the reception desk and we will be happy to provide you with the best dishes that suit your diet.
Chef Alessandro Martellini's path was marked as he was enthusiastic about food and inspired by his mother's culinary abilities from when he was a small child.
His is a career full of extraordinary and significant experiences, starting with the large kitchen at the Hotel Pellicano and the Grand Hotel Villa Feltrinelli, and expanded through his collaboration with great Michelin-starred chefs such as Antonio Guida (2 **), Stefano Baiocco (2 **), and Enrico Crippa (3 ***). The continuous desired to perfect and enrich his creative talent led him to the restaurant at Hotel Tyrol in Selva di Val Gardena where he interprets his own food concept by revisiting Ladin traditions and dishes. Passionate about nature, a form of spontaneous art par excellence, Chef Alessandro seeks to transform it daily into flavorful dishes with a unique combination of colours, fragrances, and flavours.


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