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Football: Previews for each of South Jersey's Thanksgiving Eve games
Mark Trible
The Courier-Post
WEDNESDAY'S GAMES
Rancocas Valley (9-1) at Burlington Twp. (6-3), 5 p.m. – There's plenty of familiarity here as RV's got staff from Falcons' coach Tom Maderia's tree. Last year marked Maderia's first win over the Red Devils since 2011, a 24-19 game. RV came into that one still in pain from a SJ Group 5 semifinal loss to Millville. This year, they enter with eyes on the title after revenge in the form of a 15-14 comeback special against the Thunderbolts.
Thursday's matchups:Football: Previews for every South Jersey Turkey Day game
Cherry Hill East (0-9) at Cherry Hill West (0-9), 6 p.m. – One of these crosstown foes will go home without an empty win column and a Golden Boot to boot. Last year's 40-0 score for the Lions marked the largest margin of victory in the series. East last took the shiny footwear prize in 2011.
More:Cherry Hill West's Mazahra takes advantage of lone shot at football
Glassboro (1-8) at Deptford (3-6), 6 p.m. – Proud programs in rough patches, the Bulldogs got on the board with a consolation blowout of Clayton. The Spartans reached the SJ Group 3 playoffs and were ousted by Woodrow Wilson. Deptford back Darius Dowd is one to watch in this series that's gone each way the past two years, the last a 23-18 Spartan triumph. The overall edge is Glassboro's, with a 14-8-1 record.
New Egypt (6-3) at Bordentown (3-6), 6 p.m. – The Warriors narrowly missed the postseason in CJ Group 1 and took frustrations out on Keansburg, 41-14. On the flip side, the Scotties started 3-2 and were mired in a four-game skid to end the campaign. Bordentown's come out on top in this matchup four years in a row.
Oakcrest (2-7) at Absegami (4-5), 6 p.m. – A nice stretch of three consecutive victories put the Braves in the SJ Group 4 bracket where Shawnee dumped them 41-0. Coach Eric Anderson's Falcons endured a painful year but come in off a dominant 45-12 consolation win over Pinelands. A missed field goal in the final minute handed Absegami the 27-26 result and possession of the Joe Mohr Trophy in 2016.
Pemberton (3-6) at No. Burlington (4-5), 6 p.m. – This clash got moved to Thanksgiving in 2012 and the Greyhounds hold a 3-2 edge since. The Hornets were 2-0 to start the year and struggled down the stretch. Northern went 3-1 to close its nine-game slate and hopes to replicate last year's result, a 42-0 win.
Penns Grove (9-1) at Pennsville (4-5), 6 p.m. – Red Devils' star Tyreke Brown will be a game-time decision after a leg injury suffered in the 36-0 SJ Group 1 semi win against Gateway. He's expected to be ready for the SJ Group 1 final against Paulsboro, regardless. The Eagles have won two in a row with a 49-19 blowout last year. Penns Grove coach John Emel seeks to even his record to 2-2 in the battle for Norm "Wild Man" Willey's golden boot. The Red Devils have the overall edge, 30-27-4. A Penns Grove win coupled with a Salem loss would create a split of the WJFL Diamond Division.
More:Football: Penns Grove shuts out Gateway to book SJ Group 1 title trip
Schalick (5-4) at Cumberland (1-8), 6 p.m. – Star Cougars' tailback Tyreese Snipe aims to end his high school career a victor after a defeat in the first round of the SJ Group 1 postseason at the hands of Penns Grove. The Colts found success for the first time in a 42-20 consolation game against Lower Cape May. Schalick owns an 11-4 record in the holiday series, which is played for the aptly-named Turkey Day Trophy.
Pennsauken (3-6) at Bishop Eustace (5-4), 7 p.m. – The Indians nearly upset SJ Group 4's top seed in Moorestown before 16 unanswered points in the second half sent them home with a 16-13 first-round loss. Eustace declined its invite to the Non-Public Group 3 postseason and played Paul VI to a 14-2 defeat. Nahzir Russell can run it with the best of them for Pennsauken and the Crusaders' run defense provides a worthy adversary.
Sterling (7-2) at Collingswood (3-6), 7 p.m. – A senior-heavy group of Silver Knights fell to Haddonfield in SJ Group 2's first round but still can go out with a victory. QB CJ Barrett and his backs – Da'mire Hutchinson, Joel Deanley and Greg Harris – will aim to leave one of the best seasons in recent history at the Somerdale school with a smile. A four-game stretch in the schedule that featured Cinnaminson, Overbrook. Willingboro and West Deptford derailed the Panthers' playoff hopes. Sterling won't overlook Colls after the past two matchups, which went to the blue and gold by a combined score of 87-8.
Mark Trible; @Mtrible; (856) 496-2424; mtrible@gannett.com


In another posting, I commented on Fr. Alvaro Corcuera's mention of "cultural differences." He is the head of the beleaguered religious congregation, the Legion of Christ. I have suggested that the color of our "cultural lens" affects the way we react to how the Legion is managing the awful revelations about it's founder, Marcial Maciel. As a management consultant, I spend a good deal of my time on corporate cross-cultural communication issues. Now that I am about to publish my memoirs) which address my relationship with the Legion and with Marcial Maciel) I find myself thinking more about the cultural perspectives involved in reflecting on the story of a Mexican priest who rose from an obscure provincial town to ultimately rattle the foundations of the contemporary Catholic Church. The following comments are my paraphrase of a posting by my good friend Dean Foster. Dean discusses the US relationship with China with his usual insight. I'd like to suggest that some of what he says about China can serve to shed some light on the Legion of Christ debacle. I leave it to you to make the connections.
From a Western perspective, these actions are an affront to democratic principles of free speech, and a challenge to U.S. Internet companies like Google, who need China as a market but are stuck in a cultural and ethical dilemma over free speech and government intervention.
The rising tensions between the U.S. and China over both the Internet and the Dalai Lama can be better understood if we look at the issues through the cross-cultural lens.
The greatest imperial triumph of China was the unification of this enormous country, and the greatest threat to imperial control was restiveness in the provinces. The single most important job of the Emperor was to exercise authority over the land in order to keep the country unified, and in order to maintain his authority. This legacy has created an intense sensitivity on the part of Chinese leadership to any challenge, real or perceived, to their authority.
The emperor was dependent upon a vast hierarchy of officials and warriors to administer his rule and provide information back to him. This cultural legacy remains as a driving force behind Chinese decision-making today.
Therefore, when the West criticizes a particular Chinese activity, such as the government monitoring of websites, or its efforts to maintain control over what it perceives to be restive outer provinces, such criticism is interpreted in China as an attack against a primary cultural requirement: the maintaining of centralized control in order to maintain the integrity of the country. The greatest challenge to Beijing is its own perception of being challenged. And when the U.S. criticizes China, it only hardens the Chinese to resisting, with increased intensity, any policy the U.S. or the West is trying to advance.
When we understand why these issues provoke such intense Chinese reactions then we need to find another way to advance our agenda with China. Behind-the-scenes, ongoing diplomacy is far better than grandstanding in the harsh light of public policy announcements.
Taking advantage of opportunities that allow the West to publicly acknowledge China's autonomy can be profoundly effective. From a Chinese perspective, it builds Chinese "face" to the world, a cultural concept that is outside of the West's cultural legacy, and therefore something we don't do very well. But it is immensely important in China. We need to find more reasons to publicly support China when it acts autonomously than to criticize it when such actions go against our own policies or beliefs. The West doesn't have to change its agenda, but like any good Western businessperson in China knows, it does have to change the way it goes about advancing it. Understanding the cultural legacies that lie at the heart of Chinese behavior can go a long way to avoiding the increasingly slippery slope of U.S.-China relations."


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Say hello to Osceola Food's first employee
Mary Burich
February was a good month for Mark Hamilton. First came the news he was hoping for: an all-clear sign from his doctor five years after a bout with cancer. Still basking in the glow of his good fortune and clean bill of health, he then found himself standing beside Hormel Foods President and CEO Jim Snee, pulling on the branded shirt that is the hallmark of Pride of the Jersey.
Jim Snee, president and CEO of Hormel Foods and Mark Hamilton, Pride of the Jersey recipient
According to Osceola Food Plant Manager John Hoag, the honor is well-deserved.
"Mark has been here since the beginning. He epitomizes our cultural beliefs with his consistency and talent to work … throughout all of our divisions," he says.
John speaks literally. Mark and his wife, Sue, enjoy the distinction of being the first two employees hired when the plant opened more than 20 years ago.
He's been a part of the foundation that this plant was built on and has played a key role in the success and growth that we have experienced.
John Hoag, Osceola Food Plant Manager
Mark's manager, Pat Thornburgh, has worked with him most of that time. He's seen Mark's career and life unfold firsthand.
"He's been a part of the foundation that this plant was built on and has played a key role in the success and growth that we have experienced. As they would say…Mark has the 'right stuff,'" he says.
Mark grew up in Martensdale, Iowa, some 30 miles from Osceola. He and Sue have six children and 15 grandchildren, giving them ample opportunities to fill their free time with family and friends.
Mark is also a self-proclaimed outdoorsman who loves to hunt and fish. Even his travel has a natural twist. Camping trips have a time-honored spot on the family's recreation agenda. Not surprising, Mark approaches his work with the same enthusiasm. He is loath to miss a day and is proud of his ability to help out whenever and however he can.
"I service the departments downstairs and I like being able to meet their needs and keep the production lines moving," he says.
Pat elaborates, calling Mark a leader in the workforce who is a champion of safety.
"He's concerned with efficiencies, as well as cost controls, and is always looking to get the work done correctly the first time. He's not afraid to speak up and challenge himself daily, all the while working in a safe manner."
Living for the day is no doubt a lesson underscored by Mark's battle with cancer. Though he downplayed his diagnosis and treatment, it nevertheless affected his attitude toward life.
"Oh, boy," he says. "It changes your life completely. You don't take anything for granted anymore."
He says family pulled him through, a fitting tribute to a man who consistently gives so much to others.
"He's been one of our pillars," John says.
Pride of the Jersey is a yearlong effort to celebrate the culture, the people and the purpose of Hormel Foods. Inspired People. Inspired Food.™
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at Osceola Food
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More Stories About Pride of the Jersey
Winding and Wide Lisa Selk's path to success
No. 1 Say hello to Osceola Food's first employee
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San Pedro, cuyo nombre completo es Rincón de San Pedro Dávila de los Arrecifes, es una ciudad argentina y puerto del interior de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, en la margen derecha del río Paraná junto a la desembocadura del río Arrecifes sobre el anterior río. Es la cabecera del Partido-municipio de San Pedro. Se encuentra a 164 km de Buenos Aires y a 141 km de Rosario, ambas por la Autopista Buenos Aires - Rosario.

Historia
La fundación de San Pedro se remonta a 1748. Sin embargo, ya en 1637, un documento firmado por Pedro Esteban Dávila, (Caballero de la Orden de Santiago, Gobernador y Capitán General), marca el origen del nombre de Rincón de San Pedro en el pago del río Arrecifes. A estas tierras se las denominaron Rincón de San Pedro Dávila de los Arrecifes.

El pueblo comenzó a tomar forma cuando en 1750 se inicia la construcción del Antiguo Convento Recoleto de Franciscanos (por decisión del presbítero Antonio Goicochea), alrededor del cual se comienzan a agrupar los pobladores.

En Buenos Aires, Juan Facundo Quiroga se dedicó a la administración de la estancia que compró en San Pedro. En esa zona viven sus descendientes, varios heredaron su nombre completo de Facundo Quiroga. Durante su estadía fue el único que se atrevió a visitar al expresidente Bernardino Rivadavia en el buque en que llegaba de vuelta, al que no se permitió desembarcar y se envió de regreso al exilio.

La declaración de San Pedro como ciudad data del 25 de julio de 1907.

Con el nombramiento de San Pedro ciudad quedó sellado con el nuevo escudo institucional, pintado por Jovita de Oliveira Cesar en 1907, el original se puede apreciar en el Museo Histórico Regional Fray José María Bottaro en la calle 9 de Julio 134, pegado al Palacio Municipal, sede del gobierno local.

Un escudo que representó las tres actividades más importantes de esos años: la ganadería, agricultura y el puerto, tres rubros que posicionaron a la ciudad como eje de la provincia en lo productivo.

"El túnel verde", en la localidad de Ingeniero Moneta, es una formación que quedó del trabajo del pionero irlandés, Edward Muhall, quien trajo al país en 1862 desde Mánchester, Inglaterra, las primeras semillas de algodón.

Eduardo Depietri desarrolló en la década de 1930 un ferrocarril de trocha angosta con destino al puerto local para el embarque de granos, en competencia directa con los grandes ferrocarriles de concesión británica que se concentraban en Buenos Aires y lograron imponerse.

Una particular historia se vivió en la estación Santa Lucía, la que sigue a ingeniero Moneta, donde la enfermera y feminista Cecilia Grierson, que nació en el lugar, se las ingeniaba para votar antes de que se sancionara la ley de voto femenino, lo que la presenta como la primera sufragista argentina que pudo cumplir con su vocación cívica por una interpretación de la ley.

Durante la última dictadura militar, la comisaría de San Pedro fue un centro clandestino de detención en el que se efectuaron torturas.

Clima

Economía
Entre las actividades se destaca el turismo, obteniendo un alto nivel de desarrollo de sectores de servicios terciarios, sobre todo comerciales, ya que es frecuentada por los residentes de Buenos Aires y Rosario por la belleza de sus paisajes, sus atractivos culturales y para practicar actividades náuticas. Está ubicada en el corredor industrial Buenos Aires - Rosario, y cuenta con una estación de ferrocarril y un puerto de ultramar, situaciones las cuales favorecen la radicación de industrias en la ciudad. Además otro factor clave es la Fruticultura, en la cual se destacan de la producción de estas tierras, sus duraznos y naranjas de renombre nacional e internacional como así también la agricultura, ganadería y la horticultura son parte esencial de la economía de esta pujante ciudad.

Industria:
 Papel Prensa, la principal papelera para periódicos del país.
 Arcor, productos alimenticios.
 El Puerto de San Pedro es un importante centro de exportación de granos.
 Miniturismo.

Población

Barrios

Visitas históricas y lugares de interés
 Antiguas fachadas de edificios en el casco urbano.
 Plaza Constitución donde se encuentra, la Iglesia Nuestra Señora del Socorro, de 1872, estilo italiano, interior con imágenes del siglo XVIII.

 Centro Comercial y Peatonal
 Sociedades Italianas y Españolas

 Palacio Municipal, con su Museo Histórico Regional.
 Museo Paleontológico "Fray Manuel de Torres"
 Museo Fernando García Curten.

 Centro de Interpretación Indígena "El Antigal"
 Museo El Sueño del Tano
 Museo Osvaldo "Pato" Morresi
 Paseo Costanero y Miradores en la barranca
 Vía Crucis
 Almacén de Ramos Generales Dutra: creada en 1865 fue declarada por el Municipio como 'Lugar de Interés Histórico Local', aun conserva su apariencia y estilo 'Colonial'.
 Lugar y Museo Histórico donde se libró la Batalla de la Vuelta de Obligado.

Turismo

La comuna tiene fiestas populares muy conocidas como el Festival de Música Country, en septiembre, que duplica su población durante ese fin de semana, y la Fiesta de la Ensaimada, en agosto, que tuvo 15.000 visitantes en la edición de 2016.
 El balcón del río Paraná, la laguna San Pedro, Pje. Vuelta de Obligado y las islas del Delta
 Bvar. Costanera
 Paseo Público
 Cámpines privados y municipales
 Alojamientos
 Clubes de pesca
 Plantaciones de Naranjales, Rosales y Duraznos por doquier.
 Excursiones Rurales
 Clubes náuticos
 Balnearios
 Excursiones de pesca por el Paraná y las islas
 Museo Paleontológico
 Buque Museo Irigoyen
 Parque Artístico y museo El Sueño del Tano
 Multiespacio Cultural Cine Teatro La Palma (MEC La Palma)
 Teatro Siripo
 San Pedro Country Music Festival: un festival de música country que se desarrolla todos los años en un fin de semana del mes de septiembre, en el Predio Municipal. En 2016 fue la edición N.º XIII.

Algunas fiestas en la ciudad
 Enero: Fiesta Provincial del Durazno y la Producción.
 Agosto: Fiesta de la Ensaimada.
 Septiembre: Festival de Música Country.

Productos típicos de la ciudad
Se destaca por la producción frutal, siendo sus productos estrella, las naranjas, las batatas y los duraznos, en ese orden.

Otro producto típico de San Pedro es la ensaimada. De hecho, la ciudad ha sido declarada la Capital Nacional de la Ensaimada Argentina. La ensaimada, originaria de Mallorca (Islas Baleares), es un alimento de masa azucarada, fermentada y horneada, elaborada con harina de fuerza, agua, azúcar, huevos, masa madre y manteca de cerdo (que se denomina saïm en mallorquín, de allí el nombre). San Pedro cuenta con distintas colectividades siendo una de las de mayor presencia la mallorquina. De allí que la ciudad haya adoptado esta tradición como propia.

Medios de comunicación
San Pedro cuenta con 6 emisoras de radio FM, un canal de TV local "Somos San Pedro" sintonizando el canal 7 de la empresa (Flow), los periódicos el bisemanario "El Imparcial", el periódico "El Diario" y el semanario "La Opinión".

Transporte

Recorrido de colectivos

Estación de Ferrocarril
La ciudad de San Pedro cuenta con una estación de tren, correspondiente al Ferrocarril General Bartolomé Mitre de la red ferroviaria argentina, operado por la empresa estatal Trenes Argentinos Operaciones. Desde el 15 de junio del 2016 el servicio que cubre el tramo Retiro - Rosario Norte volvió a tener parada en la Estación San Pedro, que estuvo sin uso durante años, mientras que en junio de 2019 comenzaron a parar también los servicios de Retiro a Córdoba  y Tucumán.

 Estación San Pedro

Sampedrinos destacados
Algunas personalidades nacidas en la ciudad de San Pedro son:
 Cayetano José Rodríguez (1761 - 1823), clérigo, independentista y poeta.
 Luis Sandrini (1905 - 1980), actor humorista.
 Alicia Penalba (1913 - 1982), escultora.
 Lalo Mir (1952), locutor, periodista, conductor de radio y televisión.
 Fernando Bravo (1944), locutor, periodista, conductor de radio y televisión.
 César Mascetti (1941-2022), periodista, presentador de televisión y radio.
 Estela Montes  (1949), locutora ,radio y televisión.
 Osvaldo Morresi (1952 - 1994), piloto de automovilismo de velocidad.
 Juan Jose Capdepon Lombardo. Escritor, poeta y periodista. Corresponsal de diarios de Capital Federal en San Pedro. Detenido‐desaparecido el 23 de abril de 1978 a los 44 años de edad.
 Fernando Iglesias I (1962 - ), piloto de automovilismo de velocidad.
 Fernando Iglesias II (1997 - ), piloto de automovilismo de velocidad
 Nelson Goerner (1969) Pianista.
 Rolfo Virginia (1973 -) música.clavista
 Silvio Velo (1971), futbolista ciego y capitán de la Selección de fútbol para ciegos de Argentina.
 Lorenzo Garcia (1951-2018) Boxeador
 Raúl Llusa, atleta
 Brenda Rojas Atleta Olímpica
 Nicholas Slater Fumador compulsivo de RedPoint.

Ciudades hermanadas
  Carmen de Patagones, Argentina
  Felanich, España.

Parroquias de la Iglesia católica en San Pedro

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Sitio Oficial de la Municipalidad de San Pedro
 Sitio Oficial del Concejo Deliberante de San Pedro

Cabeceras de partido de la provincia de Buenos Aires
Turismo en la provincia de Buenos Aires
Localidades argentinas sobre el Río Paraná
Localidades del partido de San Pedro
Localidades con puerto fluvial de Argentina
Localidades establecidas en 1751

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The statement, "One man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter," has become not only a cliché, but also one of the most difficult obstacles in coping with terrorism. The matter of definition and conceptualization is usually a purely theoretical issue—a mechanism for scholars to work out the appropriate set of parameters for the research they intend to undertake. However, when dealing with terrorism and guerrilla warfare, implications of defining our terms tend to transcend the boundaries of theoretical discussions. In the struggle against terrorism, the problem of definition is a crucial element in the attempt to coordinate international collaboration, based on the currently accepted rules of traditional warfare.
Academics, politicians, security experts and journalists, all use a variety of definitions of terrorism. Some definitions focus on the terrorist organizations' mode of operation. Others emphasize the motivations and characteristics of terrorism, the modus operandi of individual terrorists, etc.
In their book Political Terrorism, Schmidt and Youngman cited 109 different definitions of terrorism, which they obtained in a survey of leading academics in the field. From these definitions, the authors isolated the following recurring elements, in order of their statistical appearance in the definitions: Violence, force (appeared in 83.5% of the definitions); political (65%); fear, emphasis on terror (51%); threats (47%); psychological effects and anticipated reactions (41.5%); discrepancy between the targets and the victims (37.5%); intentional, planned, systematic, organized action (32%); methods of combat, strategy, tactics (30.5%).
4. Is terrorism a sub-category of coercion? Violence? Power? Influence?
5. Can terrorism be legitimate? What gains justify its use?
Hamilton: Well, how do you define terrorism, do you define it in terms of non-combatants?
Walker: The State Department definition which is included in the terrorism report annually defines it in terms of politically motivated attacks on non-combatant targets.
Hamilton: So an attack on a military unit in Israel will not be terrorism?
Walker: It does not necessarily mean that it would not have a very major impact on whatever we were proposing to do with the PLO.
Hamilton: I understand that, but it would not be terrorism.
Walker: An attack on a military target. Not according to the definition. Now wait a minute; that is not quite correct. You know, attacks can be made on military targets which clearly are terrorism. It depends on the individual circumstances.
Hamilton: Now wait a minute. I thought that you just gave me the State Department definition.
Walker: Non-combatant is the terminology, not military or civilian.
Hamilton: All right. So any attack on a non-combatant could be terrorism?
Hamilton: And a non-combatant could include military?
Hamilton: It certainly would include civilian, right?
Hamilton: But an attack on a military unity would not be terrorism?
Walker: It depends on the circumstances.
Hamilton: And what are those circumstances?
Walker: I do not think it will be productive to get into a description of the various terms and conditions under which we are going to define an act by the PLO as terrorism.
Abu Iyad tries to present terrorism and political violence as two different and unconnected phenomena. The implication of this statement is that a political motive makes the activity respectable, and the end justifies the means. I will examine this point below.
We have always opposed terrorism. But terrorism is one thing and a national struggle against occupation is another. We are against terrorism…Nevertheless, we support the struggle against occupation waged by national liberation movements.
The conference reiterates its absolute faith in the need to distinguish the brutal and unlawful terrorist activities perpetrated by individuals, by groups, or by states, from the legitimate struggle of oppressed and subjugated nations against foreign occupation of any kind. This struggle is sanctioned by heavenly law, by human values, and by international conventions.
Surprisingly, many in the Western world have accepted the mistaken assumption that terrorism and national liberation are two extremes in the scale of legitimate use of violence. The struggle for "national liberation" would appear to be the positive and justified end of this sequence, whereas terrorism is the negative and odious one. It is impossible, according to this approach, for any organization to be both a terrorist group and a movement for national liberation at the same time.
The idea that one person's 'terrorist' is another's 'freedom fighter' cannot be sanctioned. Freedom fighters or revolutionaries don't blow up buses containing non-combatants; terrorist murderers do. Freedom fighters don't set out to capture and slaughter schoolchildren; terrorist murderers do . . . It is a disgrace that democracies would allow the treasured word 'freedom' to be associated with acts of terrorists.
For in contrast to the terrorist, no freedom fighter has ever deliberately attacked innocents. He has never deliberately killed small children, or passersby in the street, or foreign visitors, or other civilians who happen to reside in the area of conflict or are merely associated ethnically or religiously with the people of that area… The conclusion we must draw from all this is evident. Far from being a bearer of freedom, the terrorist is the carrier of oppression and enslavement . . .
This approach strengthens the attempt by terrorist organizations to present terrorism and the struggle for liberation as two contradictory concepts. It thus plays into the terrorists' hands by supporting their claim that, since they are struggling to remove someone they consider a foreign occupier, they cannot be considered terrorists.
The claim that a freedom fighter cannot be involved in terrorism, murder and indiscriminate killing is, of course, groundless. A terrorist organization can also be a movement of national liberation, and the concepts of "terrorist" and "freedom fighter" are not mutually contradictory.
Abu Iyad here clarifies that innocent victims are civilians in countries that are not directly involved in the Arab-Israeli conflict (implying that civilians in Israel, even children and old people, are not innocent), while he describes Palestinian civilians as innocent victims.
The question is whether it is at all possible to arrive at an exhaustive and objective definition of terrorism, which could constitute an accepted and agreed-upon foundation for academic research, as well as facilitating operations on an international scale against the perpetrators of terrorist activities.
1. The essence of the activity—the use of, or threat to use, violence. According to this definition, an activity that does not involve violence or a threat of violence will not be defined as terrorism (including non-violent protest—strikes, peaceful demonstrations, tax revolts, etc.).
Motives are entirely irrelevant to the concept of political terrorism. Most analysts fail to recognize this and, hence, tend to discuss certain motives as logical or necessary aspects of terrorism. But they are not. At best, they are empirical regularities associated with terrorism. More often they simply confuse analysis.
3. The targets of terrorism are civilians. Terrorism is thus distinguished from other types of political violence (guerrilla warfare, civil insurrection, etc.). Terrorism exploits the relative vulnerability of the civilian "underbelly"—the tremendous anxiety, and the intense media reaction evoked by attacks against civilian targets. The proposed definition emphasizes that terrorism is not the result of an accidental injury inflicted on a civilian or a group of civilians who stumbled into an area of violent political activity, but stresses that this is an act purposely directed against civilians. Hence, the term terrorism should not be ascribed to collateral damage to civilians used as human shields or to cover military activity or installations, if such damage is incurred in an attack originally aimed against a military target. In this case, the responsibility for civilian casualties is incumbent upon whoever used them as shields.
The proposed definition of terrorism also addresses a lacuna in present international legislation and international conventions, in order to develop a fundamental tool for international cooperation against terrorism. In order to achieve as wide an accord as possible, this definition must be founded on a system of principles and laws of war, legislated and ratified in many countries. In other words, in order to reach an accepted definition of terrorism, we must extrapolate from the existing principles of conventional warfare (between countries) to arrive at similar principles for non-conventional warfare (for our purposes, a violent struggle between an organization and a state). Many countries in the world support the view—and have enshrined this in international conventions—that we must differentiate between two types of military personnel who make use of force to attain their aims. On the one hand there are 'soldiers'—members of the military who intentionally target members of rival armies, and on the other, there are 'war criminals'—members of the military who intentionally harm civilians (see Diagram 1). This normative and accepted attitude toward military personnel operating in a situation of conventional warfare enables us to extrapolate to situations of non-conventional warfare (between an organization and a state), thus allowing us to distinguish terrorism from guerrilla warfare. As noted, terrorism is "a violent struggle intentionally using, or threatening to use, violence against civilians, in order to attain political aims," whereas guerrilla warfare is "a violent struggle using (or threatening to use) violence against military targets, security forces, and the political leadership, in order to attain political aims." Terrorism is thus different from guerrilla warfare in its mode of activity and in the targets chosen by the perpetrators. The only question to be resolved is whether perpetrators choose to attain their aims by targeting civilian or military targets?
Terrorism and guerrilla warfare often serve as alternative designations of the same phenomenon. The term "terrorism," however, has a far more negative connotation, seemingly requiring one to take a stand, whereas the term "guerrilla warfare" is perceived as neutral and carries a more positive connotation.
One of the problems accompanying the use of the concept guerrilla warfare stems from its ambiguity. This nebulousness is cited by Yehoshafat Harkabi in differentiating between guerrilla warfare and guerrilla war. Harkabi describes guerrilla war as a prolonged war of attrition, with progressively increasing violence, blurred limits, a fluid line of contact, emphasizing the human factor. In the course of the war, guerrilla combatants become regular military forces until victory is attained and one party is defeated. Similarly, Huntington argues that "guerrilla warfare is a form of warfare by which the strategically weaker side assumes the tactical offensive in selected forms, times and places. Guerrilla warfare is the weapon of the weak." Harkabi points out that terrorism frequently appears in guerrilla war, and indicates that "guerrilla activity is best placed on a sequence, ranging from sporadic terrorist attacks not necessarily against military units, up to sustained guerrilla warfare and confrontation with military forces." Others view guerrilla war and terrorism as two separate points along one sequence dealing with the use of violence.
The essence of guerrilla warfare is to establish foci, or liberated areas, in the countryside and to set up small military units which will gradually grow in strength, number and equipment . . . in order to fight battles against government troops. In the liberated areas, the guerrillas establish their own institutions, conduct propaganda and engage in other open political activities. None of this applies to terrorists, whose base of operation is in the cities, and who have to operate clandestinely in small units.
Guerrillas may fight with small numbers and often inadequate weaponry, but they can and often do fight according to conventions of war, taking and exchanging prisoners and respecting the rights of non-combatants. Terrorists place no limits on means employed and frequently resort to widespread assassination, the waging of 'general terror' upon the indigenous civilian population.
The proposed definition, as noted, distinguishes terrorism from guerrilla activity according to the intended target of attack. The definition states that if an attack deliberately targets civilians, then that attack will be considered a terrorist attack, whereas, if it targets military or security personnel then it will be considered a guerrilla attack. It all depends on who the intended victims are. First and foremost, this definition is meant to answer the need for analyzing and classifying specific events as terrorism or guerrilla activities.
This definition is not meant to differentiate between the types of perpetrating organizations. Most organizations resorting to violence for the purpose of attaining political aims have not refrained from harming civilians as well as military personnel. These organizations, then, can be defined as both terrorist organizations and guerrilla movements.
Although the proposed definition relates to specific attacks, it is still possible to deduce from it whether a particular organization is a terrorist organization or a guerrilla movement. One could, for instance, rely on a quantitative principle—comparing the numbers of terrorist attacks and guerrilla attacks within the total number of violent activities involving the organization. Or one could rely on a qualitative principle, stating that every organization engaging in attacks against civilian targets is a terrorist organization, and it is irrelevant whether at the same time the same organization was also involved in guerrilla activities. Hence, the claim that every guerrilla organization has also harmed civilians does not affect the proposed definition of terrorism.
A situation where organizations are involved simultaneously in terrorism and guerrilla activity is a direct consequence of the lack of an accepted international definition for terrorism and guerrilla warfare. Only a definition agreed upon by most countries in the world—and which entails operative action against terrorist groups different from that directed against guerrilla groups—will move these organizations to take cost-benefit considerations into account when choosing the mode of activity appropriate to attaining their ends. When the damage incurred by organizations due to their engagement in terrorism is greater than the damage they incur due their involvement in guerrilla activities, it is plausible to assume that some organizations will choose to focus on guerrilla activities rather than terrorism. As long as there is no accepted international convention for distinguishing terrorism from guerrilla activity—and as long as such convention is not accompanied by different levels of punitive sanctions—it should come as no surprise that organizations choose to engage in terrorism or in guerrilla activities according to their own operative limitations or circumstances. is greater than the damage they incur due to their involvement in guerrilla activities, it is plausible to assume that some organizations will choose to focus on guerrilla activities rather than on terrorism. As long as there is no accepted international convention for distinguishing terrorism from guerrilla activity—and as long as such convention is not accompanied by different levels of punitive sanctions—it should come as no surprise that organizations choose to engage in terrorism or in guerrilla activities according to their own operative limitations or circumstances.
Nor does the claim that terrorism and guerrilla activities are on one conceptual sequence—to the extent that it has empirical backing—contradict the classification of terrorism and guerrilla activity according to the proposed definition. A situation is certainly possible in which an organization might decide to move from the stage of terrorism to the stage of guerrilla warfare, and vice-versa, thereby changing its character from one involved only in, or mainly in, terrorism, to one involved mainly in guerrilla warfare.
According to the above definitions, the difference between individual terrorism and urban guerrilla warfare again hinges on the identity of the intended target. An attack against military personnel, or against a leading decision-maker who formulates policy (including counter-terrorist policy), could be considered, according to the proposed definition, an "urban guerrilla" activity. However, if the target is a civilian not acting in a decision-making capacity, but merely someone who is at most a political or social symbol (a well known singer, a journalist, a past leader, a judge, the head of a community or ethnic group, etc.), this will be an act of "individual terrorism" according to the proposed definition.
For the purpose of defining terrorism, the type of goal sought is irrelevant (so long as the goal is political). The terrorist and the guerrilla fighter may have the exact same aims, but they choose different means to accomplish them.
Among the political aims that different organizations (both terrorist organizations and guerrilla movements) seek to achieve we might mention: national liberation (liberating territory from an occupying power); revolution (changing the government); anarchism (creating chaos); changing the prevalent socio-economic system, etc. By characterizing terrorism as a mode of operation directed against civilian targets, as opposed to basing the definition on the goals of the violence, we refute the slogan that "one man's 'terrorist' is another man's 'freedom fighter'." This distinction between the target of the attack and its aims shows that the discrepancy between "terrorism" and "freedom fighting" is not a subjective difference reflecting the personal viewpoint of the definer. Rather it constitutes an essential difference, involving a clear distinction between the perpetrators' aims and their mode of operation. As noted, an organization is defined as "terrorist" because of its mode of operation and its target of attack, whereas calling something a "struggle for liberation" has to do with the aim that the organization seeks to attain.
Diagram 2 (No diagram in this paper) illustrates that non-conventional war (between a state and an organization), may include both terrorism and guerrilla activities on the background of different and unrelated aims. Hiding behind the guise of national liberation does not release terrorists from responsibility for their actions. Not only is it untrue that "one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter" but it is also untrue that "the end justifies the means." The end of national liberation may, in some cases, justify recourse to violence, in an attempt to solve the problem that led to the emergence of a particular organization in the first place. Nevertheless, the organization must still act according to the rules of war, directing its activities toward the conquest of military and security targets; in short, it must confine itself to guerrilla activities. When the organization breaks these rules and intentionally targets civilians, it becomes a terrorist organization, according to objective measures, and not according to the subjective perception of the definer.
It may be difficult at times to determine whether the victim of an attack was indeed a civilian, or whether the attack was intentional. These cases could be placed under the rubric of a "gray area," to be decided in line with the evidence and through the exercise of judicial discretion. The proposed definition may therefore be useful in the legal realm as a criterion for defining terrorism will considerably reduce the gray area to a few marginal cases and categorizing the perpetrators' activities.
On the basis of this definition of terrorism and guerrilla warfare, how should we define the involvement of states in the performance terrorist attacks? Note that violent activities committed by a state against civilians are forbidden by international conventions and are clearly defined as 'war crimes' (in the context of a war situation) and as 'crimes against humanity' (in other situations). Thus, whereas these definitions have led to the international delegitimation of the use of violence against civilians by military personnel and political leaders, a lacuna still exists concerning the use of violence against civilians by organizations or individuals on political grounds.
States can be involved in terrorism in various ways: from various levels of general support for terrorist organizations, through operational assistance, initiating or directing attacks, and up to the perpetration of terrorist attacks by official state agencies. All forms of state involvement in terrorism are usually placed under the general category of "terrorist states," or "state sponsored terrorism." Such a designation has taken on the character of a political weapon; rival states ascribe it to one another, and terrorist organizations use it against states acting against them.
1. "States supporting terrorism" - states that support terrorist organizations, providing financial aid, ideological support, military or operational assistance.
2. "States operating terrorism" - states that initiate, direct and perform terrorist activities through groups outside their own institutions.
3. "States perpetrating terrorism" - states perpetrating terrorist acts abroad through their own official bodies–members of its security forces or its intelligence services, or their direct agents. In other words, states intentionally attacking civilians in other countries in order to achieve political aims without declaring war. As mentioned above, according to international conventions, intentional acts of aggression against civilians by official agencies of a state, either at times of war or in occupied territories, will be considered war crimes rather than terrorism.
Various countries have engaged in attacks against leading activists of terrorist organizations—planners and initiators of attacks, commanders of operational units, saboteurs and even the organizations' leaders. On such grounds, these countries have often been accused of engaging in terrorism. According to the proposed definition of terrorism (and setting aside questions bearing on the legitimate confines of a struggle against terrorism and on the rights of states to fight terrorists in the territory of another sovereign state), actions by a state against terrorist activists cannot be defined as terrorism, even if only because the latter are not actually civilians. Individuals engaging in terrorist activities, even if not wearing a uniform, exclude themselves from the civilian community, and rules protecting civilians no longer apply to them. Thus, just as the definition views decision-makers as "legitimate" targets in guerrilla warfare, so targeting terrorists who head operational, administrative or political branches in a terrorist organization should not itself be considered a terrorist activity, since these are the people responsible for policy formulation and decision making in the organization.
As noted, defining terrorism is not merely a theoretical issue but an operative concern of the first order. Terrorism is no longer a local problem of specific countries but an issue involving a number of international aspects. Terrorist organizations may perpetrate attacks in a variety of countries; the victims of attacks can be of different nationalities; the offices, headquarters, and training camps of terrorist organizations function in various countries; terrorist organizations receive direct and indirect assistance from different states, enlist support from different ethnic communities, and secure financial help throughout the world. Since terrorism is an international phenomenon, responses to terrorism must also be on an international scale. Developing an effective international strategy requires agreement on what it is we are dealing with, in other words, we need a definition of terrorism. International mobilization against terrorism, such as that which began in the mid-nineties and culminated in the international conventions in the G-7 countries, the Sharem el-Sheik Conference, etc., cannot lead to operational results as long as the participants cannot agree on a definition. Without answering the question of "what is terrorism," no responsibility can be imposed on countries supporting terrorism, nor can steps be taken to combat terrorist organizations and their allies. For a look at recent efforts along these lines, see Security Council Resolution 1269: What it Leaves Out , and the Full text of UN Security Counsel Resolution 1269.
Without a definition of terrorism, it is impossible to formulate or enforce international agreements against terrorism. A conspicuous example of the need to define terrorism concerns the extradition of terrorists. Although many countries have signed bilateral and multilateral agreements concerning a variety of crimes, extradition for political offenses is often explicitly excluded, and the background of terrorism is always political. This loophole allows many countries to shirk their obligation to extradite individuals wanted for terrorist activities. It isn't only countries like Italy and France that have refrained from extraditing terrorists, adducing political motives. In the U.S. too, in June 1988, a Brooklyn judge rejected the plea of a federal prosecutor requesting the extradition of Abed El Atta (an American citizen suspected of participating in an attack against a bus in the West Bank in April 1986, in which four people were killed). The judge stated that this attack was a "political act," part of the uprising in the occupied territories, and instrumental in the attainment of the PLO's "political aims." "In the West Bank, today's rebels could be tomorrow's rulers." According to the judge, this is a "political charge," excluded from the category of crimes included in the extradition treaty between Israel and the United States.
1. Legislation and punishment – The laws and regulations enacted to provide security forces with an instrument for combating terrorism. A definition of terrorism is necessary when legislating laws designed to ban terrorism and assistance to terrorism, as well as when setting minimum sentences for terrorists or confiscating their financial resources and supplies. Barring an accepted definition, this legislation has no value. Legislation and punishment must distinguish terrorism from ordinary crime, even when they might actually be identical in practice. The need for a separate legislation and punishment for terrorism stems from the enormous danger that terrorism, due to its political dimension, as opposed to crime, poses to society and its values, to the government in power, and to the public at large.
2. International cooperation – An internationally accepted definition of terrorism is required to strengthen cooperation between countries in the struggle against terrorism, and to ensure its effectiveness. This need is particularly obvious in all that concerns the formulation and ratification of international conventions against terrorism— conventions forbidding the perpetration of terrorist acts, assistance to terrorism, transfer of funds to terrorist organizations, state support for terrorist organizations, commercial ties with states sponsoring terrorism– and conventions compelling the extradition of terrorists.
3. States sponsoring terrorism – Modern terrorism is increasingly dependent on the support of nations. States sponsoring terrorism without severing the close tie between the terrorist organizations and the sponsoring states. This tie, however, cannot be severed without agreeing on a broad definition of terrorism, and thus of the states that sponsor it and of the steps to be taken against them. State sponsors of terrorism use terrorist organizations as a means to their own ends, while these organizations depend on the assistance they receive from such countries at the economic, military, and operational levels. Some organizations are so closely dependent on the assistance of states that they become "puppets" functioning at the initiative, direction, and with the complete support of these states.
4. Offensive action – The state struggling against terrorism must retain the initiative. At the same time, attempts must be made to limit, as far as possible, the operative capacity of the terrorist organization. To attain these aims, a continued offensive must be conducted against terrorist organizations. While countries on the defensive naturally enjoy the sympathy of others, countries on the offensive are usually censored and criticized by others. To ensure international support for states struggling against terrorism, and perhaps even for a joint offensive, an internationally accepted definition of terrorism is required that will distinguish freedom fighting (which enjoys a measure of legitimacy among nations) from terrorist activity.
5. Attitudes toward the population supporting terrorism – Terrorist organizations often rely on the assistance of a sympathetic civilian population. An effective instrument in the limitation of terrorist activity is to undermine the ability of the organization to obtain support, assistance, and aid from this population. A definition of terrorism to attain its political aims could be helpful here too by determining new rules of the game in both the local and the international sphere. Any organization contemplating the use of terrorism will have to risk losing its legitimacy, even with the population that supports its aims.
6. Public relations – a definition that separates terrorism out from other violent actions will enable the initiation of an international campaign designed to undermine the legitimacy of terrorist organizations, curtail support for them, and galvanize a united international front against them. In order to undermine the legitimacy of terrorist activity (usually stemming from the tendency of various countries to identify with some of the aims of terrorist organizations), terrorist activity must be distinguished from guerrilla activity, as two forms of violent struggle reflecting different levels of illegitimacy.
The definition of terrorism does not require that the terrorist organizations themselves accept it as such. Nevertheless, reaching international agreement will be easier the more objective the definition, and the more the definition takes into account the demands and viewpoints of terrorist organizations and their supporters. The proposed definition, as noted, draws a distinction between terrorism and guerrilla warfare at both the conceptual and moral levels. If properly applied, it could challenge organizations that are presently involved in terrorism to abandon it so as to engage exclusively in guerrilla warfare. As noted, most organizations active today in the national and international arena engage in both terrorist activities and guerrilla warfare; after all, international convention makes no distinction between the two. Hence, there are no rules defining what is forbidden and what is allowed in non-conventional war, and equal punishments are imposed on both terrorists and guerrilla fighters. People perpetrating terrorist attacks or engaging in guerrilla warfare know they can expect the same punishment, whether they attack a military installation or take over a kindergarten. The terrorist attack may be more heavily censored because it involves children, but the legitimacy of these actions will be inferred from their political aims. In these circumstances, why not prefer a terrorist attack that will have far more impact, and will be easier to accomplish, with much less risk?
The international adoption of the proposed definition, with its distinction between terrorism and guerrilla warfare—and its concomitant separation from political aims—could motivate the perpetrators to reconsider their intentions, choosing military targets over civilian targets—guerrilla warfare over terrorism–both because of moral considerations and because of "cost-benefit" considerations.
The moral consideration – Many terrorist organizations are troubled by the moral question bearing on their right to harm civilians, and this concern is reflected in their literature and in interviews with terrorists. Thus, for instance, an activist of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Walid Salam, argued in December 1996 that "among activists of the Popular Front, more and more are opposed to military activities against civilians, as the one near Ramallah on Wednesday. They do not say so publicly because of internal discipline and to preserve unity." We can also see something of this moral dilemma in Sheik Ahmad Yassin, the leader of Hamas: "According to our religion it is forbidden to kill a woman, a baby, or an old man, but when you kill my sister, and my daughter, and my son, it is my right to defend them." This concern might explain why, after attacks on civilian targets, organizations such as Hamas often make public statements proclaiming that they have attacked military targets. The moral dilemma does exist, and the opponents of terrorism must intensify it. When countries acknowledge the principle of relying on guerrilla warfare to attain legitimate political aims, and unite in their moral condemnation of terrorism, they increase the moral dilemma that is already prevalent in terrorist organizations.
The utilitarian consideration – If the perpetrators know that attacking a kindergarten or other civilian target will never be acceptable; that these attacks will turn them into wanted and extraditable terrorists and will undermine the legitimacy of their political goals—and that, when apprehended, they will be punished much more harshly than would guerrilla fighters—they may think twice before choosing terrorism as their modus operandi. Adopting the proposed definition of terrorism, formulating rules of behavior, and setting appropriate punishments in line with the proposed definition will sharpen the cost-benefit considerations of terrorist organizations. One way of encouraging this trend among terrorist organizations is, as noted, to agree on different punishments for those convicted of terrorism and those convicted of guerrilla warfare. Thus, for instance, the possibility should be considered of bringing to criminal trial, under specific charges of terrorism, individuals involved in terrorist activities, while allotting prisoner of war status to those accused of involvement in guerrilla activities.
The proposed definition of terrorism may indeed help in the struggle against terrorism at many and varied operative levels. An accepted definition, capable of serving as a basis for international counter-terrorist activity, could above all, bring terrorist organizations to reconsider their actions. They must face the question of whether they will persist in terrorist attacks and risk all that such persistence entails—loosing legitimacy, incurring harsh and specific punishments, facing a coordinated international opposition (including military activity), and suffering harm to sources of support and revenue. The international community must encourage the moral and utilitarian dilemmas of terrorist organizations, and establish a clear policy accompanied by adequate means of punishment on the basis of an accepted definition.
We face an essential need to reach a definition of terrorism that will enjoy wide international agreement, thus enabling international operations against terrorist organizations. A definition of this type must rely on the same principles already agreed upon regarding conventional wars (between states), and extrapolate from them regarding non-conventional wars (between organization and a state).
The definition of terrorism will be the basis and the operational tool for expanding the international community's ability to combat terrorism. It will enable legislation and specific punishments against those perpetrating, involved in, or supporting terrorism, and will allow the formulation of a codex of laws and international conventions against terrorism, terrorist organizations, states sponsoring terrorism, and economic firms trading with them. At the same time, the definition of terrorism will hamper the attempts of terrorist organizations to obtain public legitimacy, and will erode support among those segments of the population willing to assist them (as opposed to guerrilla activities). Finally, the operative use of the definition of terrorism. could motivate terrorist organizations, due to moral or utilitarian considerations, to shift from terrorist activities to alternative courses (such as guerrilla warfare) in order to attain their aims, thus reducing the scope of international terrorism.
The struggle to define terrorism is sometimes as hard as the struggle against terrorism itself. The present view, claiming it is unnecessary and well-nigh impossible to agree on an objective definition of terrorism, has long established itself as the politically correct one. It is the aim of this paper, however, to demonstrate that an objective, internationally accepted definition of terrorism is a feasible goal, and that an effective struggle against terrorism requires such a definition. The sooner the nations of the world come to this realization, the better.
1. Alex P. Schmidt and Albert I. Jongman et al., Political Terrorism (SWIDOC, Amsterdam and Transaction Books, 1988), p. 5 (henceforth Schmidt).
3. Hearings and Markup before the Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, First Session, p. 66.
4. Abu Iyad, Without a Homeland (Tel-Aviv: Mifras, 1983) [Hebrew], p. 146 (henceforth Abu Iyad).
5. Tishrin, Syria, November 17, 1986.
6. Al-Anba'a, Kuwait, January 30, 1987.
7. Haaretz, April 21, 1998 and ICT Internet Site (http://www.ict.org.il/Article/1585/Arab-League-Nations-Sign-Anti-terror-Accord).
8. Ray S. Cline and Yonah Alexander, Terrorism as State-Sponsored Covert Warfare (Virginia: Hero Books, 1986) p. 24 (henceforth Cline).
9. Binyamin Netanyahu, Terrorism: How the West Can Win (New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 1985), p. 18 (henceforth Netanyahu).
12. Binyamin Netanyahu, Fighting Terrorism (New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 1995), p. 8.
13. Abu Iyad, pp. 78, 155-156.
14. Alex P. Schmidt, Political Terrorism (SWIDOC, Amsterdam and Transaction Books, 1984), p. 100 (henceforth Political Terrorism).
15. Yehoshafat Harkabi, On Guerrilla Warfare (Tel-Aviv: Ma'arakhot, 1983) [Hebrew], p. 27 (henceforth Harkabi).
17. Walter Laqueur, Guerrilla Warfare, a Historical and Critical Study (Weidenfeld & Nicholson, London, 1977), p. 392.
19. Political Terrorism, p. 41.
20. Walter Laqueur, The Age of Terrorism (Boston-Toronto: Little Brown, 1987), p. 1 (henceforth Laqueur).
22. In a lecture at a workshop on "Israel and Terrorism," sponsored by the International Center for the Study of Contemporary Society, Jerusalem, 1985.
23. Political Terrorism , p. 44.
24. Political Terrorism, p. 42.
25. Political Terrorism, p. 39.
26. Boaz Ganor, "Countering State-Sponsored Terrorism" (Herzlia: ICT Papers, The International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism, The Interdisciplinary Center, 1997), p. 7.
27. Haaretz, December 15, 1996.
28. Haaretz, October 8, 1997.


Americans frequently face choices about whether or not to share information about themselves in return for getting something that is potentially valuable to them. From retail stores that track customers' shopping behavior in exchange for discounts to online applications that offer free services in exchange for serving personalized ads to users, Americans regularly face the choice: Is it worth it to hand over my personal information in exchange for something else?
I share data every time I leave the house, whether I want to or not. Every time I use a credit card, every time I walk in 80% of the commercial establishments in the nation, every time I drive down streets in most any city or town in the nation, I'm being recorded in some fashion. The data is there, and it's being used, and there isn't a damn thing most of us can do about it, other than strongly resent it. The data isn't really the problem. It's who gets to see and use that data that creates problems. It's too late to put that genie back in the bottle.
For the past two years, Pew Research Center surveys have mapped this complicated landscape and Americans' nuanced feelings about privacy and surveillance.
The surveys have found that Americans conjure an array of ideas when they think about privacy. They feel privacy is important in their daily lives in a number of essential ways, starting with the idea of not being under surveillance all the time and the appeal of being able to share ideas and secrets with others in a way that is unobserved. Yet, they have a pervasive sense that they are under surveillance when in public. Very few feel they have a great deal of control over the data that is collected about them and how it is used.
Moreover, Americans have low levels of trust in the government and business sectors that they associate with data collection and monitoring. They are not sure their core communications channels are secure, and they have exceedingly low levels of confidence in the privacy and security of the records that are maintained by a variety of institutions in the digital age. Indeed, noteworthy numbers of them have suffered privacy breaches, especially younger adults.
While some Americans have taken modest steps to stem the tide of data collection, few have adopted advanced privacy-enhancing measures. They are divided about the value of government surveillance programs aimed at thwarting terrorists. And majorities expect that a wide range of organizations should have limits on the length of time that they can retain records of their activities and communications. Additionally, they say it is important to preserve the ability to be anonymous for certain online activities.
In light of these current and future concerns, participants in the focus groups were asked how much dismay or even anger they felt at the current state of things, and they offered a range of answers trying to pinpoint their level of concern.
Not hopeless, necessarily – I think that the landscape has so fundamentally shifted that we have an entirely new paradigm to deal with.
This report now turns to the individual scenarios and people's responses about whether they feel it is acceptable or not to agree to share personal information in return for a product, service or benefit that is being offered.


Last edited by Pontin_Finnberry; May 04 2018 at 06:39 PM.
I sincerely doubt that I have the correct answer, but in the interest of keeping this moving along, I will pose a guess of some kind.
A point of clarification: "ancient" and "old" sort of mean the same thing.
Unless of course you are hinting at ancient art that has something "old" as it's subject.
Maybe you just needed 3 words...grin.
You could be referring to an object like a painting or sculpture.
Or, this could be a reference to a skill, like dancing or singing.
Feanor was certainly an artist, perhaps the greatest of all time.
you are incorrect, The Silmarils are ancient and Faenor whom perhaps was the greatest artist yeah but not what i looking for.
Edit fixed typo and while i'm at it i'll give a hint, Ancient are they, and something that is very old.
Last edited by Pontin_Finnberry; May 05 2018 at 07:45 PM.
OK, new guess (since no one else has chimed in yet).
The statues of Isildur and Anarion carved into the rock on either side of the Anduin at the northern border of Gondor.
They are ancient and the artwork is old.
This might be too similar to Boraxxe's answer, but I just happened to be reading a part of Lotr and it sounded like what you might be after.
I really like the word perilous. Seems like nobody uses it much anymore.
Hint: think of the Valar (aka Ainur).
There is some old art.
your are correct, The Ainur are Ancient, and a play song as old as time in the art of singing. passing it to you now.
Sting from the point of view of the giant spiders while Bilbo was wearing the Ring. That's a long guess.
Okie dokie. Alliteration and an excuse to use the word again? Win!
It's been a few days and no guesses yet. How 'bout a hint?
is it Shelob attacking frodo?
How about the hobbit predilection for mushrooms?
No to both. It does involve an affinity for a certain type of food though. Which is slimy.
Bilbo witnesses a thrush cracking snails, has a brainstorm and the keyhole ends up getting revealed.
Snails are a type of food.
But, that's my guess and I'm sticking to it.
Nope! But the answer is further back in the same story if that helps.
in a cave in an underground lake. This cave was home to a creepy creature named Gollum.
The Great Goblin used to force his minions to go down to the lake to get some of those slimy fish.
This was a perilous task since the creepy creature liked to ambush, kill and then eat the unlucky goblin fisherfolk.
Ding! Ding! Ding! You got it. The turn is yours.
I hope some more folks notice the resurrection of this thread. Gonna get kinda dull with just three players.
Not related to any of the riddles, but I wanted to tell everyone that Cordovan did us a great favor.
Maybe you noticed that the title of this thread had a significant spelling error: Tolkien as "Tokien".
I asked him if he would correct it and he did.
I'm still stuck on this one. Could we get a hint? I don't want this thread to sink too far again.
The middle number involves dentition.


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text:
Morrab Library
As part of this week's Penzance Litfest, today I attended a talk by Dawn Walker about Morrab Library in Penzance.
Shameful though it is, I'm not the only local who didn't know that this library existed — we've all heard of "Morrab Library", but assumed this was the town library on Morrab Road. Not so — that is Penzance Library.
The independent Morrab Library is a gorgeous little cultural pearl that lies about a hundred yards to the east, in the middle of Morrab Gardens. It's one of only thirty remaining private libraries in the UK, and the only one in Cornwall.
Built in 1841 as a private residence for the Pidwell family, Morrab House sits in the middle of walled, tropical gardens which are now a park, open to the public (and free to enter) all year round.
Dawn Walker, member (and until recently secretary) of the Penwith Local History Group, gave us the background to the library. The need for a library arose in Penzance in the late 1700s as the town started to swell with the new "middle class" — local merchants, lawyers and doctors who had no access to books or other reading matter, other than the weekly Helston paper. Books — and extensive collections in particular — were the preserve of the gentry, who might return from the London season carrying selections from private libraries, or who may have books sent by boat to the local dock. These were not readily available to the locals.
In the 1780s, a group of local women founded one of the first local reading circles, ordering in books and circulating them within their group. Historical records in the Morrab Library archive show that these women ordered a wide range of titles including reference books on health, history, and politics, as well as fictional novels. (Time precluded looking into the archives today — note to self: must go back for a delve!)
By 1818, the group had expanded to include both men and women and a private library was founded, which moved from one property to another over the coming decades as the book collection expanded. In July 1888, Morrab House was secured by the County Council and the lease subsequently granted to the library (rather than the YMCA, as it was "more likely to be respectable").
The library continued in force, attracting a wide membership and some generous donations, in particular an extensive book collection from one J Halliwell-Phillipps Esq., but in the 1930s it still came under threat of closure as independent bookshops and other private libraries opened in the area. The sale of a few treasured medieval manuscripts allowed the library to remain open and in situ. These days, it survives via its membership subscriptions, income from prior investments, and occasional gifts (a recent donation from local Dennis Myner and his sister, Patricia Eschen, has allowed the building of a new extension).
Currently the library holds about 60,000 books. Specific collections include local histories, Celtic history, and naval history — and a newspaper archive including that of The Cornishman.
There's also an extensive archive of local photographs, spanning from the mid 19th century tourist era to the late 1970s. Scanned images are available on request, and are used by both locals and overseas members to trace genealogy or explore local history.
Morrab Library is a gem. What was once an early Victorian home is now graced by old books and new, from the floor to the high, decorated ceilings. Stained glass windows shed blue light on the stairwell, and sash windows overlook the walled, tropical garden. Readers can stare out at the sea, or turn the pages of old Victorian print editions in which ferns were used to create still vibrant images on the old paper.
It also has wifi, a new website, and plans to digitize its photographic collection to enable the images to be accessed online. As decorative and historically interesting as it is, Morrab Library is definitely part of the 21st century.
Family membership of the library costs just £25 a year (less than 7p a day) — or currently £12.50 for the second half of this year. Opening times are Tuesday – Friday 10am-4pm and Saturday 10am-1pm and full details of services and events can be found on their website.
My thanks to @penzancelitfest for what turned out to be a real treat.
Forty-four (Eighty-eight)


Learn more about the Access Log Manager and also the information you will have inside it.
An access log is a thorough list of all the files which were accessed by the guests of a given Internet site. Each and every file which was requested in some way shall be listed, so if you have one webpage with 3 embedded graphics, one video and one embedded text file, as an example, the access log will contain a total of 6 entries - one for every of the six files that were accessed when the visitor opened the page. A log normally contains the file name and path, the date, as well as the visitor's Operating System, worldwide web browser and IP address. Sometimes you can also find the referrer websites that sent the visitors to your Internet site. The information which an access log file features is in human-readable plain text format. It can be processed by special software on a PC and used to prepare reports on the efficiency of a website, in addition to the web statistics that your hosting server may have created.
When you opt for one of our web hosting solutions, you'll receive in-depth access logs for all your sites. As soon as you sign in to your Hepsia CP, you can check out the Access/Error Logs section where you will see an extensive list of the domain names and subdomains which you have added or created within the web hosting account. You will simply have to click on the On button, which is found on the right-hand side of each hostname and our cloud platform will start generating logs immediately. To disable this function, you will have to follow the same exact steps and click on the Off button. The domains and subdomains could be managed independently and at any time. You can find a download link inside the Logs section of the Control Panel for every log generated by our system, so that you can save the file to your PC and view it or use it via some log processing software.
If you host your Internet sites inside a semi-dedicated server account with our company, you'll have the option to enable or deactivate the generation of access logs with no more than a couple of clicks from your Hepsia hosting CP. You will find this function in the Access/Error Logs section, which you can access once you sign in. All it takes for our system to start creating logs is a single click on the On button which you can see there. The function can be enabled separately for any website no matter if it uses a domain name or a subdomain and you shall find the complete list of all the hosts in that section. Any access log can be downloaded as a text file with just a click and you may then see it manually or use some software on your computer. The log generation may be deactivated by simply changing the On option to Off in the Logs section of your Control Panel.


text:
The Visitor No ratings yet.
Give Us Your Opinion of This Movie!
Movie Ratings
Richard Jenkins stars as a lonely and bored college professor named Walter. Since his wife passed away a few years ago, Walter hasn't had much going on in his life. He moves through almost on auto-pilot, somehow knowing that there must be some music playing for him somewhere. When he is sent to New York to present a paper at a conference, he finds a young immigrant couple living in his apartment. Rather than kicking them out, he offers to let them stay, and develops a friendship with them. Tarek, the young man from Syria, helps Walter to get his groove back when he teaches him to play the drum. But then, Tarek is arrested, and as an illegal alien, he faces deportment. Tarek's mother arrives on Walter's doorstep wanting to know what happened to her son, and Walter opens his heart to this woman's plight.
I loved so much about this movie. It's a sweet story, a wonderful glimpse at an aspect of life we are rarely privy to. But it's also sad. It's sad that our system is so ineffective, and that it is so difficult for good people to catch a break.
The Visitor (2008)
PG-13 104 min - Crime, Drama, Music - 22 February 2008
Not rated yet!
A college professor travels to New York City to attend a conference and finds a young couple living in his apartment.
Director: Tom McCarthy
Writers: Tom McCarthy
Stars: Richard Jenkins, Haaz Sleiman, Danai Gurira, Hiam Abbass, Marian Seldes, Maggie Moore, Richard Kind, Michael Cumpsty, Bill McHenry, Tzahi Moskovitz
Tagline: Connection is everything
Genres: Crime, Drama, Music
Official Website: —
Language: Arabic, English, French, Română
Revenue: $9,234,510
Production Companies: Next Wednesday Productions, Participant Productions, Groundswell Productions
"Patience is not passive: on the contrary it is active; it is concentrated strength."
-Edward George Bulwer-Lytton (1803-1873) English novelist
Look at people who are patient. Along with patience comes a kind of calm, a deep faith, a beautiful presence. Compared with people who are impatient – who seem stressed out, angry, and hurried. Who has more strength? The patient person can do anything because that person recognizes his or her connection with the Universe. Patience can move mountains!
Highlights… 🙏💕🎶
Live life like it's golden… because it is. I u


text:
Howard Hanson componeerde zijn Symfonie nr. 1 in e mineur opus 21 "Nordic" in 1922.

Hanson componeerde deze symfonie als een hommage aan zijn Zweedse voorouders en componist Jean Sibelius. Dat laatste gevoel wordt versterkt doordat deze symfonie in dezelfde toonsoort in geschreven als de 1e symfonie van de Fin. Hanson heeft meerdere keren toegegeven dat die componist hem toch het meest beïnvloed heeft, naast Johann Sebastian Bach, Giovanni Palestrina en Ottorino Respighi (zijn leraar). De symfonie is in Rome geschreven voor groot orkest.

Compositie
De symfonie bevat drie delen, maar heeft wel een vierdelige tempo-indeling, zoals gebruikelijk bij romantische symfonieën:
Andante solenne; Allegro con forza;
Andante teneramente, con semplicita;
Allegro con fuoco.

De première van de symfonie werd gegeven onder leiding van Hanson zelf, in Rome in mei 1923.

Bron en discografie
 Uitgave Delos International 3073: Seattle Symphony o.l.v. Gerard Schwarz
 Uitgave Naxos: Nashville Symphony Orchestra o.l.v. Kenneth Schermerhorn.

 01


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← WTF Brass Neck Is The New Shame Special
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WTF Bumper Dog's Breakfast Special
Posted on April 3, 2015 by fashionshark
Hallo Readers,
So we had the seven-way Leaders' Election Debate after all, lined up behind their lecterns like the Seven Dwarves and kept in squabbling order by ITV's Julie Etchingham who was done up in a dental nurse's uniform. There was a clear winner but unless you are resident in Scotland, you can vote neither for her nor her party. I refer to the First Minister of Scotland and Leader of the Scottish Nationalist Party, Nicola Sturgeon who was focussed, persuasive, a master of the facts and generally awesome. Sadly, Nicola is not standing for Parliament and she does not want Scotland to be part of the United Kingdom so she could be the political equivalent of Indira Gandhi, Hillary Clinton and Aung San Suu Kyi but we non-Caledonians cannot have her, only a tantalising glimpse of what we haven't got and wish we had. The answer is clear. We should reverse the rest of the UK into Scotland. Failing that, we could vote Labour and get her to boss Ed Miliband about in a Coalition. Simples. Natalie Bennett and Plaid Cymru's Leanne Wood, fetchingly got up like a character from Mad Men with beehive and cardigan, were somewhat overshadowed by Sturgeon but set out their beliefs and principles and Wood got extra points for telling Nigel Farage where to shove his racism. They didn't shout and they didn't snipe. It was a nice change.
As for the men, Ed continued to astound the public by showing them that he could walk and chew gum at the same time although he would be well advised to lose that Moonie stare into the camera which proved to be quite unnerving. Nick Clegg was smooth as a baby's bum, roundly condemning the Tories and seemingly forgetting that he had been in Government with them for five years. Not to mention the fact that he broke his promise on tuition fees even before he'd got to his new office. Nigel Farage, sweating up a storm and attired in a pinstripe suit that sent viewers scurrying to the bathroom for their migraine tablets, mentioned Europe in every sentence and then self-destructed by referring to the NHS sinking beneath the weight of HIV-infected foreigners. Oh…and there was David Cameron who apparently is the Prime Minister. During the debate he faded away like the Cheshire Cat in Alice in Wonderland so that only his smirk remained. But Readers, if you want to hear more from our Glorious Leader, be of good cheer. This week, Dave spoke at length to Heat Magazine. Why fuck about with six rivals or suffer the indignity of a dressing down from Jeremy Paxman when he could sit in his armchair at No 10 and answer questions about whether he prefers ketchup to brown sauce? Dave further revealed that he was related (albeit distantly) to the Kardashians. If he has to relinquish that armchair come 8 May, he can always go for a guest slot on their reality show – assuming of course that they know who he is.
We have a bumper week of fashion horror this week which is just as well as it will have to last you until 17 April. (WTF is off to Cornwall for some bracing sea air). We start at the Nickelodeon Kids' Awards in Los Angeles with the former Mr Mariah Carey Nick Cannon wearing an orange suit and Christian Louboutin loafers.
Nick is dressed as an extra from Guys and Dolls and looks exactly like a walking Starburst sweet complete with Tetris shoes and a navy Fedora. Epic…
Also in attendance was Jennifer Lopez wearing Roberto Cavalli.
Hair like Medusa, buckets of makeup, white stilettos, peekaboo panels and way too short. At a show for kiddies. What's not to dislike?
Let us interpose Kylie Minogue wearing Jean-Paul Gaultier at his latest exhibition in Paris.
WTF hates pleated tits almost as much as she hates conical tits and this dress has both as well as the ugliest tit-seams in the history of ever. And the dress also has peek-a-boo panels which WTF hates almost above all things AND a stupid swooshy thing. Shocking.
The iHeartRadio Awards in Los Angeles must have set a new record for the number of excruciatingly dressed people in one place. Let us begin with singer Justin Timberlake wearing Versace.
Whatever the prize was for, it was certainly not for the suit. The colour is fine but the jacket is from the Norman Wisdom School of too-short-too-tight and the sleeves and crotch have more rucks and creases than Tracy Emin's infamous bed.
Then there was actress Hailee Steinfeld wearing Dior Couture. Dior Couture! Ye Gods….
The side view is worse.
The cheap B&Q lampshade skirt and the shiny robot boots with jelly-baby heels are hideous but the smoked perspex tit-guard like a police riot shield is beyond perspexing. Is she a messy eater or is she worried about being pelted with eggs? Raf Simons certainly should be…
Talking of yolks, here is former World Heavyweight champion Mike Tyson.
The fool who advised Mike to dress up as a Pantone colour chart with white loafers two sizes too big for him must be praying that he does not unleash a right hook upon seeing this photograph. Because if this is not provocation, WTF does not know what is.
Then there was actress Jessica Szohr wearing Bec and Bridge.
Tutankhamen meets Aphrodite, having both got dressed in the dark – and it doesn't even fit. No wonder poor Jessica is grimacing. The rest of us certainly are…
Say hallo to Boy George. Who knows where he got this outfit?
The writing on the trackie bottoms is probably squiggle for pillock. And what's with the Lubavitch Rabbi hat?
Now this is a treat. Meet Carice van Houten (aka Melisandre from Games of Thrones) wearing Martin Grant.
Given the way that Melisandre carries on, sacrificing people willy-nilly (with emphasis on the willy), it will be useful for her to have a bin-bag skirt so that she can simply wipe away the blood splashes. Plus she can reverse it and use the plastic side as a ground sheet for rumpy pumpy.
And then there was a person going by the name of Lord KraVen, a "singer" of whom WTF had previously been blissfully unaware, wearing an outfit of his own design….
This is very Game of Thrones and twice as camp. At first glance it is not easy to see which bits are his and which bits aren't, like a weird creature thing emerging from a pair of leather topboots. In fact this is a trompe l'oeil with the knitted leather tunic overhanging leather trousers over leather bootees. And those eyebrows are like the McDonalds' arches.
Setting a new low even for her we have Madonna wearing Alexander Wang.
Frankly this is more Alexander Wank and Madge seems to be standing in a sieve held on by that ridiculous belt. Wank showed this on the catwalk with only panties underneath so we can but be grateful for Madge's black opaque body but any bonus points gained for that are instantly deducted for the fishnet tights, the badger's bum roots and the driving gloves.
Finally, is it a bird? Is it a plane? No, it's Beyoncé at the launch of hers and Jay-Z's new music streaming service, Tidal, wearing LaQuan Smith.
Jay-Z was wearing an old sweatshirt and trousers but for some reason his wife decided to pitch up at a daytime event dressed as Superman's baby sister complete with nappy, tits, fishnets (with open toed sandals!!!!) and a lace cape. She wasn't performing onstage so did she just want to hog the limelight? She wouldn't do that – would she?
This week's It's Got To Go has been nominated by a number of Readers appalled by the ghastly Kay Burley who is making her second appearance in this section and for good reason. What has got them (and WTF) all hot and bothered was Kay's moderation of the first election non-debate between Cameron and Miliband. Well I say between – they never actually shared a stage. Not only was Kay so far up Dave's bottom that you could barely see the soles of her shoes but she gave the most partisan display of partisanship since the Stalin show trials. Sadly Kay's high opinion of herself is not based on anything concrete like talent. She has definitely has Got To Go.
OK Readers, that's your lot for this week. Keep the comments coming in as WTF just loves reading them as well as your suggestions for It's Got To Go and let us meet again on 17 April 2015. Be good and don't overdo the chocolate eggs. x
This entry was posted in Celebrity, Celebrity Fashion Disasters, Fashion, Fashion Disasters, iHeartRadio Music Awards, Politics, Uncategorized, Worst Dressed Celebrities and tagged Beyonce, Boy George, Carice van Houten, Jennifer Lopez, Jessica Szohr, Justin Timberlake, Kylie Minogue, Lord KraVen, Madonna, Mike Tyson, Nick Cannon, Nicola Sturgeon. Bookmark the permalink.
3 Responses to WTF Bumper Dog's Breakfast Special
Sarah Denby says:
I actually want a pair of Nick Cannon's tetris loafers……
fashionshark says:
Louboutins!
Tim West says:
I actually fancy J Lo a bit in that


Visitors with time to spare should ask one of the Newport Bay Conservancy volunteers at the Information Desk to run the "Salt Marsh Seasons" movie, which is shown on request. This stunning work portrays the freedom of birds in flight, the melody of flowing water, and the all-encompassing majesty of the Bay itself. It shows the coming and going of different migrating birds as the seasons change. The movie is presented with surround sound and up to five separate images showing concurrently on the theater's big screen. Salt Marsh Seasons was created by film-maker and Orange County resident, Jack Couffer, whose critically-acclaimed work includes "Jonathan Livingston Sea Gull" and extensive projects for Disney World.


An ancient Aboriginal tradition celebrating the harvest of the spiky, football-sized bunya cone is being revived on the Sunshine Coast — more than 120 years after the last traditional gathering.
For thousands of years, Aboriginal people on the east coast of Australia gathered to celebrate the harvest of cones from the bunya tree, araucaria bidwillii, which can grow to 50 metres high and produce cones that can weigh up to 10 kilograms.
These contain dozens of nutritious kernels, or nuts, that are high in protein and can taste similar to chestnuts or potatoes.
The bunya feasts traditionally held in the Blackall Ranges region of the Sunshine Coast, would attract thousands of people from as far afield as Victoria and Western Queensland and would involve corroborees, trading, sharing food, arranging marriages and resolving issues of law.
The last traditional gathering is believed to have been held around 1900.
The practice ended with white settlement and subsequent displacement of many Aboriginal people and the felling of Bunya trees for their timber.
The tradition has been brought back to life by Kabi Kabi elder, Aunty Beverly Hand, who re-established a new Bunya gathering in 2007 during summer, when the bunyas were in season and ripe.
Aunty Beverly said the Bunya Dreaming event was not an attempt to recreate a traditional gathering but was a reimagining with a modern twist.
Even after the traditional Bunya gatherings stopped, Aboriginal people continued to collect the cones," she said.
"My family, for example, would go out every year to collect bunyas and we had such a good time we wanted to share that with other people on the Sunshine Coast.
"What I have sought to do with Bunya Dreaming is to uphold those traditional values of caring and sharing, of gathering people together, of organising new corroborees and new foods to share — but do it in a contemporary way.
"At Bunya Dreaming I set down eight challenges, and they are meant to emulate the bunya harvest."
The challenges interpret how to gather, store, shuck and cook the bunya nuts.
The gathering challenge involved a race to collect and carry as many bunya cones as possible within a set timeframe, while the storing challenge involved bowling the spiky cones down a dirt track to land in a hole in the ground.
The Bunya Dreaming also had activities to create art from the natural environment, plant identification challenges, and music with a talent quest winner taking home a guitar made from bunya timber.
The day ends with a traditional corroboree and culminates in the crowd being invited to join in the dance.
Unlike many modern-day festivals, the Bunya Dreaming was not profit-driven or about growing crowd numbers, Aunty Beverly said.
"Bunya Dreaming isn't about how many stalls you have or how many bands are here," she said.
"It's about how much of a good time is had and how many memories are made.
"Our success isn't about numbers, it's about the quality of the experience — the smiles, the connections, the new partnerships that are formed."
While the 2019 Bunya Dreaming saw more than 900 people come together on the shores of the Ewan Maddock Dam, it was not the games, arts or food — or even the bunyas — that mattered most, Aunty Beverly said.
"What is actually happening here is reconciliation," she said.
"We're taking time away to be together, to honour each other, to share with each other.
"We shouldn't have to develop a policy about reconciliation, it should be something that happens naturally, just like it happens here."


How to find and open examples ?
I'm a newbie in the use of Adapt. I'm a C++ programmer, latex user and I can do little things with html and css.
I used reveal.js as a presentation tool. To use it, I got examples and modify them.
So my first question is: I see beautiful example (like https://community.adaptlearning.org/demo/index.html#/page/m05/t05/p05), but how to get it and open it to be able to adapt it for my course ?
I don't find an open button. Is-it not already implemented ?
Maybe I missed the philosophy of use of Adapt ?
That demo has actually been replaced by a more up to date version.
Are you looking for the source code for a course to understand what is happening? I assume you are using the Framework rather than the Authoring Tool?


What Is Old Is New Again. Maybe, Just Maybe, the Emperor Is Getting Some Clothes.
Lora Cecere is the Founder and CEO of Supply Chain Insights , the research firm that's paving new directions in building thought-leading supply chain research. She is also the author of the enterprise software blog Supply Chain Shaman. The blog focuses on the use of enterprise applications to drive supply chain excellence. Her book, Bricks Matter, published in December of 2012.
As an enterprise strategist, Lora focuses on the changing face of enterprise technologies. Her research is designed for the early adopter seeking first mover advantage. Current research topics include the digital consumer, supply chain sensing, demand shaping and revenue management, market-driven value networks, accelerating innovation through open design networks, the evolution of predictive analytics, emerging business intelligence solutions, and technologies to improve safe and secure product delivery.
She comes to the stage with over thirty years of diverse supply chain experience. She spent nine years as an industry analyst with Gartner Group, AMR Research, Altimeter Group and is now the founder of her own firm Supply Chain Insights. Prior to becoming a supply chain analyst she spent fifteen years as a leader in the building of supply chain software at Manugistics and Descartes Systems Group, and twenty years as a supply chain practitioner at Procter & Gamble, Kraft/General Foods, Clorox, and Dreyers Grand Ice Cream (now a division of Nestle).


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Embalmer – Emanations from the Crypt (Hells Headbangers)
Monday, 21st March 2016 By Kyle McGinn
Hells Headbangers 2014's re-issue of There Was Blood Everywhere was a pleasantly grotesque reminder that Embalmer was a force to be reckoned with. The dark and sadistic tone of that EP is well deserving of the cult classic designation that it has given in some circles. It's been 10 years since the band's first full-length (the unfortunately underwhelming 13 Faces of Death), and the band seems hungry to spread the Embalmer name to bludgeon a new generation.
Starting things frantic off the bat, "Dead Female Stalker" sets the tone for the remainder of Emanations from the Crypt. The swirling guitar riffs, spastic blastbeats, and crazed vocals (now of Paul Gorefiend) are what you would hope to expect after a quick refresher from the There Was Blood Everywhere EP. The title track breaks away from the beginning of the album's speedy openings, and offsets with some dingy and doomy riffing before getting back to the fast stuff. With many songs in the 2-minute range, expect short blasts of primal aggression that quickly and sometime erratically swing from point to point, giving the listener the maximum brutality possible in the time frame. One real upside to the album is the production, which still retains an old-school flavor (akin to the EP) with plenty of dirt and filth to enhance the sonic abrasion, but it's not completely filthy to the point that you toss it aside and find it to be incoherent.
A full-length effort that sticks to the roots of the band and upholds the high marks of their beginnings, Emanations from the Crypt will please those looking for some death/grind done the old fashioned way. Hopefully this one starts a whole new beginning for the veteran death metal act.
Emanations From The Crypt by EMBALMER
Embalmer on Facebook
Embalmer – There Was Blood Everywhere (Hells Headbangers)


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