A Bayesian Understanding of the "Garden of Forking Paths"
Andrew Gelman has discussed and written on his concept of "The Garden Of Forking Paths" in NHST analysis of scientific data.
"Laplace" whose insights I respect a lot has ridiculed the idea, and when put into the terms he uses, I agree with him. However, I don't think that Gelman's point is quite the same as the one Laplace ridicules. So thinking about it, here's how I'd like to proceed to an understanding.
For simplicity we'll analyze the situation in which a research collects data , and then does a test to determine if the two subsets and differ in some way that is detectable by the test by use of a sample statistic .
That is, we can choose which test to use, which statistic to test, and how to subset and exclude certain portions of the data to form the partition (the function A partitions and excludes the data, so that there are two groups).
Now, what is the Bayesian probability that p < 0.05 given our knowledge N (I use N because I've already used K).
Suppose in the first case that N contains the information "i,j,k were preregistered choices and D was collected after i,j,k were specified and is independent of the i,j,k". Then , and is determined entirely by our knowledge in N of the appropriateness of the test and the p values that it outputs.
So, we're still left with all the problems of the use of p values, but we're at least not left with the problems described below.
sure it might not be exactly 1, but it's much much bigger than 0.05 like maybe 0.5 or 0.77 or 0.93 and this is FOR ALL i,j,k that would actually be chosen.
So, how much information does give the Bayesian about the process of interest? In the preregistered case, it at least tells you something like "it is unlikely that a random number generator of the type specified in the null hypothesis test would have generated the data" (not that we usually care, but this could be relevant some of the time).
In the GOFP case, it tells us "these researchers know how to pick analyses that will get them into the GOFP subset so they can get their desired p < 0.05 even without first doing the explicit calculations of p values."
So, using this formalism, we arrive at the idea that it's not so much that GOFP invalidates the p value, it's that it alters the evidentiary value of the p value to a Bayesian.
Put another way, the p value is yet another thing calculated from the data, and so is itself a kind of data, and what the data means to a Bayesian is dependent on the Bayesian's understanding of the data collection and production process. The existence of an "adversary" who is "trying to fool you" by choosing data analysis procedures in a utility maximization scheme (ie. trying to get grants/publications) *should* alter your opinion of what the p < 0.05 means In the preregistered case, you can at least say "this particular null hypothesis has been shown to be probably false". In the GOFP case, with I,J,K being an enormous number, the idea is that there's always some way to slice and dice the data to get p < 0.05 and that it is easy to do by just looking at a few graphs and discussing ideas with your colleagues so it doesn't require formal multiple-hypothesis-testing to implement. In that context, even if the data set comes out of a pure RNG null hypothesis procedure (some joker literally ran the Mersenne-Twister algorithm and generated it!) you'd find that the adversary would be pointing out things that "must be true" because they found p < 0.05 through an informal search procedure. It's still the case that the null hypothesis RNG actually chosen rarely outputs data as extreme as the data that was seen... but with the large cardinality of the potential search space... it's also the case that there's bound to be some way to get p < 0.05 even if everything *is* "pure null". So, if you had a specific reason to care about the specific null hypothesis tested by the actual researchers, then rejoice, it seems like this data likely invalidates it. But that's pretty rarely the case in the kinds of research that GOFP criticism applies to.
Question 1: "consider all possibilities compatible with K; what percentage of them deliver A?"
P(A|K) is in a sense the best we can do given K. The only way this "fails" is if we get K wrong, or fail to translate K into P(A|K) correctly. The latter two mistakes tend to occur more if we're looking at this post-data but that's because it's easier to "cheat" in that situation. It has nothing inherently to do with it being post-data. Don't "cheat" and you're fine. The structure of DNA was discovered post-data.
Question 2: "if I consider a large number of questions A_i, and decide in favor of A_i whenever P(A_i|K) is greater than .95 and only report those cases, then what percentage of of reported cases will be right?"
This latter question has a subtle answer. More subtle than most statisticians realize. But unfortunately almost all statisticians want to use answers from Question 1 to answer Question 2. Specifically, they think something very bad happens if the answer to Question 2 isn't numerically equal to P(A_i|K) for the A_i reported.
Now, this doesn't happen much in practice. So they invent all kinds of stories about "garden of forked paths" or p-hacking to explain away the discrepancy between what they think the answer should be and what it really is.
Inventing irrelevant fantasies is one option.
Another option is to understand what probabilities really are, and that P(A|K) is not even close to being an estimate, either conceptually or numerically, for the answer to Question2. Once you do that, you can go back to the pre-Frequentist days when scientist did real science without any "garden of forked paths" insanity.
Indeed, if you take this second route, you can use P(A|K) successfully, even if other questions might have been asked, and even if you would have asked different questions in a universe different from the one we live in.
I agree with your assessment of probabilities in general. But I think the question here is what to make of the quantity p in a particular NHST test. That is how should we update our probabilities related to broader scientific questions, after seeing some p < 0.05 result published somewhere. When we see this result in the context of a preregistered study, and the hypothesis being tested is of inherent interest, we update our Bayesian probabilities in a different way than if we just see some typical non-preregistered study with p < 0.05 type results, and the reason is that our model of the "generating process" of producing p < 0.05 type results is different in the two cases.
Another way of putting it is... p values are almost always the wrong way to approach a question, but given that someone has done some research and published a p value, what should we as Bayesians who know better do about our prior over the broader scientific hypothesis being studied (ie. say "eating vegetable fats is healthier than animal fats" or "people's political beliefs may vary broadly based on hormone cycles" or whatever garbage people study these days).
In some cases, the appropriate response is to say "there is no real evidentiary value to this study" and in other cases it would be something like "we can rule out the idea that responses are as good as iid normal with mean zero" (which isn't much for a $1M grant to find out). And part of the evidence is "whether the multiplicity over plausible sub-hypotheses that could have been chosen for testing is large enough to guarantee that a brief wave of the magic wand will get you the p < 0.05 you need to publish" It's not really directly a question of what p values mean or whatever, it's more like a Bayesian meta-model of "researcher as game-theoretic adversary trying to dupe us into giving money to the lab and believing their results"


Thank you for considering BRCC as the location for your upcoming event. We are a regional not-for-profit Outdoor Ministry Center serving a wide range of religious & nonprofit organizations during all seasons of the year.
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The times a multi tool has been exactly what I required in a pinch are too expensive to count. I believe everybody should own a multi tool. Even somebody with little experience in do- it-yourself, repairs, or any type of mechanics or building and construction can find worth in having a multi tool around your house. In fact, if you aren't going to keep a tool box in your home or apartment, then you need to at the minimum have a multi tool convenient.
With this being said it's simple to make the error of buying the first multi tool you see in the dollar store. These are often cheap and break pretty quickly, the knife and saw blades will dull and be nearly worthless. The pliers will bend, the wire cutters will barely cut paper, and the screw motorist will be a joke. A quality Leatherman packed to the brim with tools is a much better alternative for just a little more than the cheapo tool.
The Leatherman Wave is the most popular multi tool Leatherman has. The Wave is the perfect representation of Leatherman products. The quality, tools, and cost have actually made this a preferred Leatherman. This multi tool is an ideal jack of all trade style tools and it is not created with a specialized usage, but for any sort of use.
The Wave is an extremely strong tool, even when positioned under stress it does not give the feeling of bending or straining. The tool is tough and strong. Because of the solid building and frame, the Wave does be available in at a large eight ounces. 8 ounces is slightly on the heavy side when riding in the pocket, once put in a pouch becomes much more comfy. This tool is designed to be brought when it's going to be utilized. As a daily bring tool it's a bit much.
The Wave includes an excellent 17 tools. Generally, you have a small tool box in your pocket. Like I said, if you do not bring a multi tool and you're not too convenient this is an excellent tool to keep in the drawer or the closet just in case. A major addition to this style is the reality all the tools lock. This is extremely convenient, and much safer when handling sharp tools.
The Pliers are tough and the body of the multi tool makes an amazing grip. The pliers certainly feel strong and the ridges guarantee a sure grip. The strong building of the tool offers me a lot of confidence when twisting, pulling, or flexing with these pliers. The wire cutters are longer than earlier Waves models and work very well. I checked the wire cutter with some old wire wall mounts. First, I began with one to see the outcome, it was smooth and quick. Later on, I started including additional hairs to check the strength. They cut whatever I tossed at them, and cut it quick. The only problem I had with the wire cutters is they aren't replaceable. So you need to use them correctly in order to avoid damages.
The tools likewise include a double sided file, one side for wood and one side for metal. I didn't have much to do for the wood file so I used it to smooth out a corner on my workbench and it worked well. Like all multi tool files its brief so you have to put in some additional time. I utilized the metal file to smooth a burr on a revolver base pin that was troubling me. The file worked perfectly for the small job.
The small scissors are a tool most may consider as useless, till you require them. The small scissors are surprisingly difficult and particularly the spring action, it is rather impressive. The medium screw motorist is a quick and useful tool, most likely the most pre-owned besides the knife blade. Also consisted of is oscillating multi tool and smidgen driver. Naturally included in this bit driver is a bit package with numerous Phillips heads and flat tip bits. You have a lot of alternatives with a screw driver, big and small bits. No size of screw shall stop you.
Next we come to the blade. Made from difficult 420 HC the steel is tough and aspect resistant. The blade holds an edge even after time and heavy usage. The blade does not flex or falter, and cuts through rope, twine, and tape with ease. The Saw blade is just as hard and best for small cutting tasks; of course, it's no replacement for a routine saw.
3 tools that might seldom be utilized are still hard as nails. The can opener is ideal and easy to use with a little practice, convenient if you are camping or in a survival circumstance. The next tool is the bottle opener, and finally a ruler is constructed onto the manage. Leatherman truly packed some tools into this thing.
The Wave is honestly the perfect multi tool for both the diy crowd and the this-is-the-only tool-I-will-ever-own crowd. The Wave can ride in the pocket, tool box, the boat, and the truck and come in handy in any of them.
The Wave has some optional devices one can acquire, consisting of bit chauffeur extender, an extra bit kit, flashlight combination sheath, leather or nylon sheath, lanyard and pocket clip. Leatherman likewise understands that the troops love and use these tools, and designed a sheath built for use with a MOLLE system, which is the common webbing used to hold military equipment.
The multi tool has a few attributes. As discussed the tools all lock into location. The Wave is made of hard stainless-steel. There is likewise a black oxide variation available. The black oxide is an incredibly difficult finish that looks great. This type of surface is best for the military, since the regular stainless-steel is glossy and reflective. A number of the tools have the ability to be run with only one hand. Plus Leatherman offers a 25 year guarantee on all their products. Leatherman also has fantastic client service and fast turn-around for any work done.
All-in-all the Wave is an incredible tool that can be utilized in nearly any circumstance. The quantity of tools makes it indispensable to anyone.


text:
Wendy Manning
About Me / About Our Team
Kansas City, Missouri is known for its internationally-recognized style of barbecue, jazz heritage, fountains and friendly people. A big city with a small-town feel, Kansas City has a diverse population of more than 450,000 people. The area has fostered the growth of a creative community, with a wide variety of world-class museums, galleries and music venues. It's also a legendary sports haven; home to the Kansas City Chiefs, the Kansas City Royals, Sporting Kansas City and the Missouri Mavericks. With its reasonable cost of living and optimal job market, the Kansas City metro area is continuously rated one of the top places in the nation to live and raise a family.
BHHS KC Realty - Lenexa
9870 Quivira Rd.
© 2023 Reliance Network and Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Kansas City Realty. All rights reserved. U.S. Reg. Copyright TX-5-910-991, TX-5-910-992, TX-5-910-993, and TX-5-910-994.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


By now, you probably already heard about new release of Civil 3D - called Autodesk AutoCAD Civil 3D 2015. If you would like to give it a trial run and see how it works, you can download free trial version from here.
The first thing you will notice when you open it is that the interface looks different using that dark theme. Next is optimizing graphic performance and stability when working with larger models. This is platform change that comes from vanilla AutoCAD. We may write about that in the future in greater detail but for now let's cover some significant changes in Civil 3D.
We continued with 2013-2015 model interoperability. For the most part you should be able to go back and forth between versions. There are some specifics you need to be aware of and they are documented in help.
Can't See Preview on Open and Save As Dialogs?
So to make it work you would need to go to Registry.
Note: Don't forget to take a special caution when working in registry. Making a copy of Registry Key is best way to ensure if you mess up you may be able to undo it.
To get there please use Start>Run and type REGEDIT. Once in there browse to the following locations and set PreviewVisible registry key to 1.
Some of you may have completed adding your custom subassemblies onto your tool palette already so; in that case you may skip this post. But in case there are some users others out there wanting to do it and are wondering how - this may be an article for you.
Before I start I'm going to fast forward assuming that you have all your subassemblies created, with images and all that. It is worth mentioning the default location for Tool Palettes (C:\ProgramData\Autodesk\C3D 2013\enu\), although you may have it set differently. Here is how to add custom subassemblies that you may have received from your contractor, development or you created it by using Autodesk Subassembly Composer.
I just wanted to share something with you that I encountered last week. In fact, it was a customer reporting the issue where his tool palette was showing only block and no civil assemblies and subassemblies were there. See this picture.
Looking at the default location C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\Autodesk\C3D 2013\enu\Support\ToolPalette it all looked normal.
Luckily (and I have no memory of what I did and when) I was able to see the same issue on my machine. Perhaps, because during the troubleshooting of many daily issues I have, I may have placed, misplaced or whatnot some of the files program needed to run. Long story short - I was able to see the issue…which is generally a good start. To see how to resolve without reinstall, after the jump.
If you remember my last post about Reset User Settings you may got familiar with AdMigrator.exe utility inside of AutoCAD. The whole story was to use it for resetting user settings or how we called it (reinitiating secondary installer) to get your (corrupted) settings to the default state. The same utility could be used (without /reset switch) and have program display the dialog which would allow you to move your customization between different versions of Civil 3D. This will not move your Survey Settings, custom tool palettes and assemblies, parts catalogs, templates or other Civil specific settings. This will also not resolve all the migration issues, but could be a good tool to move you forward. Note that some tools may be available in new release but not in the old one, hence a possibility that you may need to take special caution and set your expectations straight. If you get stuck in one of these tasks feel free to visit Being Civil to find some of the tips we already published or submit a Service Request or Forum question. Click continue to see how.
As you all know, a lot of our ideas for content here in the blog come from real life cases that we solve on a daily basis. We're always out to harvest information so that we may spread the knowledge to our users. This case started out normally enough – honestly, I don't even remember the topic. But while working with the drawing, I came across something that made my hair stand up, and I figured you should know about it.
As with most drawings, I was searching for the problem area that the customer reported. This was one of those drawings where the entire design was in one drawing – I really hope I don't have to tell you how bad an idea this is. Just as I expected, there was a LOT of "stuff" in this drawing – hatches, labels galore, etc. To make sense out of the confusion, I needed to clean it up a bit, so I decided it was time to turn off some layers. As I went into the layer manager, I found out part of the problem – almost 7,000 layers! No wonder the drawing was a bit laggy (that's a technical term, by the way…) To see if I could reduce the number of layers a bit, I started investigating. My investigation turned up a common mistake that I used to make many many releases ago, so I'll share it with you.
Follow the link to see what could have created this many layers, and how to avoid that issue in the future.
Now that the news is out and I'm sure you paid close attention to what we had to say in the last few weeks. Pretty soon the sunny days will be over and you may nice that you either over customized your user settings OR messed up some of the command settings OR toolbars/ribbons (we all have done it, right?) OR something else. If you remember the mantra was asking you to perform "Secondary Installer" whenever you got stuck with a problem that only appears to be happening to you. You may also felt a little jealous seeing that your colleague was able to run the same program on your machine just fine. In those kinds of situation we often suggested that you reset your user settings to the out-of-box state. The procedure was pretty straight forward but since involved removing some entries from Registry, it was bit troublesome for some (especially) novice users. With the following procedure you will be able to make it run with just one click. It's that simple. The trick is to add a shortcut to the startup menu. To see how….after the jump.


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| Publication June 4, 2013 |
Export Control Reform Reaches Spacecraft and Satellite Products
By Joan Koenig
On Friday, May 24, the State Department and Commerce Department published proposed rules in the Federal Register addressing articles that no longer warrant control under United States Munitions List (USML) Category XV—spacecraft and related items— and would now be controlled on the Commerce Control List (CCL). (Click here to read the State Proposed Rule in the Federal Register, and click here to read the Commerce Proposed Rule in the Federal Register.) Under the proposed rules, these items would be controlled under new Export Control Classification Numbers (ECCNs) 9A515, 9B515, 9D515, and 9E515 proposed by this rule and existing ECCNs. These proposed rules were made possible by a change in the 2013 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) which removed a prior requirement that all satellites and related items be subject to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). Comments on these proposed rules are due by July 8, 2013.
The changes in the proposed rules are based on a review of Category XV by the Defense Department. In performing its analysis, Defense reviewed the articles in Category XV to determine which are "either (i) inherently military and otherwise warrant control on the USML or (ii) if, common to non-military space applications, possess parameters or characteristics that provide a critical military or intelligence advantage to the United States, and that are almost exclusively available from the United States." 78 FR 31432. Items that satisfied one or both of these criteria are slated to remain controlled under the ITAR. The proposed rules would transfer jurisdiction for all other satellites and related items to the export control jurisdiction of the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).
One important aspect of the proposed rules related to controls on radiation hardened microelectronic circuits and the transfer of these items to the EAR. Because these types of items were historically used largely in satellite and space applications, they were considered ITAR items regardless of whether they were specifically designed or developed for such applications. The expanding need for such articles in uses such as medical devices (where the electronics might be exposed to radiation) or downhole drilling (where they would be exposed to extreme conditions, such as extreme heats), as well as commercial communication satellites, combined with a dearth of production facilities in the United States, control under Category XV was becoming increasing difficult for U.S. industry. Under the proposed rules, radiation hardened circuits that are ''specially designed'' for defense articles on the USML, ''600 series'' items, or items controlled by new ECCN 9A515 that meet or exceed five specific radiation hardening characteristics will be controlled under the EAR. An exception to this proposed transfer would be Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) ''specially designed'' for defense articles. These items would remain under the jurisdiction of the ITAR and would be controlled under Category XI(c) of the USML regardless of their performance characteristics.
Customs and International Trade


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#LIBYAEditor's choice 21.05.2020 - 4,109 views
Turkish-led Forces Captured Another Town From Libyan Army 3 out of 5 based on 8 ratings. 8 user reviews.
Turkish-led Forces Captured Another Town From Libyan Army
Click to see the full-size image
On May 21, Turkish-backed forces fighting for the Government of National Accord (GNA) in Libya captured another town from the Libyan National Army (LNA).
Turkish-backed forces launched a large-scale attack on the town, Asbi'ah, in the early morning. Within a few hours, the villages of Jendubah and Awlad Idress, west of the town, were captured by GNA forces.
In the afternoon, the GNA's "Anger Volcano" operations room announced that Asbi'ah had been captured by its forces. LNA units abandoned their positions in the town, which is located 105 km south of the country's capital, Tripoli.
Click to see full-size map.
The GNA attack on Asbi'ah was backed by Turkish forces, which provided air support with combat drones. It remains unclear, however, if Syrian mercenaries participated in the attack.
In a news conference, LNA spokesman, Maj. Gen. Ahmed al-Mesmari, criticized the UN for ignoring the growing Turkish support for the GNA. The spokesman accused Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan of plotting to occupy Libya.
According to Maj. Gen. al-Mesmari, at least 1,500 Turkish service members are in Libya now. 2,500 commando soldiers will allegedly arrive in the country soon.
Turkey's support allowed the GNA to regain momentum in the battle against the LNA. In the last few weeks, GNA forces captured several areas, including the al-Watyah Air Base. Turkish combat drones, which destroyed several air-defense systems of the LNA during that operation.
The conflict in Libya will likely escalate further. While Turkish-backed GNA forces are preparing to launch an attack to capture the town of Tarhunah, the LNA is threatening Turkish forces in Libya with a "large aerial campaign."
Haftar's Force Announce Beginning Of "Largest Aerial Campaign In Libyan History"


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Olin Pete Coones
by Chilling Crimes May 04, 2021
"Given the irreversibility of the death penalty, the possibility of a wrongful conviction can never be overstated."
- George Gascon
It was the 7th of April 2008. A Monday. In the early hours of the morning, at 2.30am, forty five year old Kathleen Schroll rang her mother Elizabeth Horton from her home in Kansas City, Kansas, United States:
"Pete is here in the house and he said he stole the lawnmower out of the garage. He said he is going to kill Carl and he is going to kill me and he said he has got his tracks covered where no one will find out."
Elizabeth was in a state of shock at what her daughter said on the call and asked her:
"What? Repeat that."
Kathleen repeated that Pete was in the house and he was threatening to kill her and Carl.
"Did you call the police?"
Kathleen told her she did not call the police and the phone went dead.
Elizabeth immediately told her son, Randy Horton, about the call and he called 911. Within 15 minutes of that 911 call, police were at the front door of the house where Kathleen lived with her husband Carl. The front door was slightly open and the lights were on. When they entered, they observed two cell phones on the table near the front door. Kathleen was inside the living room. She was lying on the floor face up. She had been shot and was dead. There was a cordless telephone found at her right foot and a silver revolver at her left foot.
When police searched the house, they found Kathleen's husband Carl Schroll in the bedroom. He was lying on the bed. He was also dead and had been shot twice in the abdomen. There was a laceration on his head. A pillow that lay beside him had a hole in it with stuffing hanging out.
Police spoke to Elizabeth. She told them about the call and everything that Kathleen had said. They asked her who Pete was. Elizabeth told them that Pete was fifty year old Olin Pete Coones and her daughter Kathleen was involved in a legal dispute with him. Police discovered that Kathleen had been a caretaker and housekeeper for Pete's grandfather. His grandfather, also called Olin Coones, had died and Kathleen applied to Court to get Olin's Insurance Policy money but Pete had applied to Court also and argued that Kathleen was not entitled to it.
Based on that information and a conversation police had with Kathleen's daughter Blair who told police that Kathleen told her Pete had threatened her just two days before her death, they arrested and subsequently charged Pete with the first degree premeditated murder of Carl and Kathleen Schroll.
Pete was tried twice. In the first Trial, he was acquitted of Carl's murder and convicted of Kathleen's murder. A Motion for a new Trial was granted in relation to the conviction because the State did not timely disclose computer evidence to the defense.
Pete's second Trial began and he faced a murder charge in relation to Kathleen Schroll only. In terms of evidence, the second Trial was similar to the first Trial. Pete had the same lawyer, the same Prosecutor argued the case and the same Judge heard the matter. It was the Prosecution's case that Pete killed Kathleen due to his ongoing legal dispute with her. It was their case that Pete was angry as he believed that Kathleen stole from his grandfather and exercised undue influence to inherit part of his estate.
The Prosecution relied mainly on the phone call Kathleen made to Elizabeth, Blair's testimony, and the physical and forensic evidence found at the house where Kathleen and Carl were shot.
The Prosecution called Elizabeth Horton to testify. She told the Court that she was asleep that night when the sound of the phone ringing woke her. It was her daughter Kathleen. She told the Court what Kathleen said. A recording of the 911 call made by Randy was played in Court. Randy told the Operator that Kathleen had just called and said that Pete was at the house "breaking in with a gun in his hand."
Elizabeth testified that she spoke with her daughter almost every day about problems she had with Pete. She told the Court that every time something new came up, Kathleen would call her to tell her about it. She said that Pete moved close to where Kathleen lived and would drive past a lot.
Kathleen's daughter, Blair Hadley, testified on behalf of the Prosecution. She testified that one day before her mother's death, she was in the car with Kathleen and they drove past a QuikTrip gas station. She told the Court that Kathleen told her that she saw Pete the day before on her way into QuikTrip and he said:
"You are not going to be spending no more of my dad's money, b*tch."
The Court heard that Kathleen died from a gunshot wound to the back of her head and Carl died from two gunshot wounds to the abdomen.
Dr Erik Mitchell testified that he conducted an Autopsy on both bodies. He recovered two bullets from Carl's abdomen, which he said were the cause of Carl's death. He said that the wound on Carl's head was a blunt force injury and came from an edged weapon. Even though Dr Mitchell testified it was a "crushing blow," he said there was no damage to the skull or brain. Dr Mitchell testified that Kathleen died from a contact gunshot to the back of the head. He described the contact as "oblique," which meant that the gun barrel was angled and not flush against the skull. He recovered that bullet as well.
A police firearms analyst concluded that the three bullets found were the same caliber as the silver revolver found next to Kathleen. Kathleen's DNA was found on the trigger. Nobody else's DNA was found on the revolver.
The Prosecution called Robert Rupert to testify. Robert spent time with Pete in prison when he too was incarcerated. He told the Court that Pete admitted that he killed both Carl and Kathleen. He claimed that Pete told him that he crawled out a window and drove his Jeep instead of the van. He killed Carl and Kathleen in the same room and left them side-by-side in a utility room in the back of the house.
It was the Defense's case that Pete was innocent and the evidence found at the scene proved it. They presented an alibi defense. The Defense argued that they believed Kathleen killed Carl and then shot herself in a murder suicide.
They referred to the evidence found in the house where Kathleen and Carl were found dead. There were no signs of a struggle, and nothing was stolen. Kathleen's DNA was found inside the barrel and on the trigger of the revolver. The bullets located in the bodies were from the same caliber gun, but too deformed to establish they were fired from that revolver. Pete's DNA was not found anywhere inside the house or on Carl or Kathleen.
Furthermore, Pete claimed that he was at home that night and some of his family members testified on his behalf. His wife testified that Pete went to bed and only left the room once to go to the bathroom at 2.30am and went back to bed a few minutes later. He used his computer a few times that night.
Pete's daughter Mariah and her fiancé, Ross Minks, were watching television that night. They both testified they were watching a movie in the living room until 2.30am or 3am. The Court heard that Pete would have to walk past the living room in order to leave the house and his daughter testified that she did not see him leave the house.
Pete's van was parked behind the house and Ross's van was in the driveway blocking Pete's van. Ross testified that the keys to his van were in his pocket all night and he didn't give them to Pete until the next morning. Pete asked for the keys the next morning so that he could move his van so that he could take his children to school. The Jeep that Robert referred to in his testimony for the Prosecution was sold a year prior to the murders.
It was established that someone logged on to Pete's computer that night using his profile and conducted internet searches from the house at 1.07 am and 4.51 am. Pete said that that was him.
A forensic scientist, Gene Gietzen, was called to testify on behalf of the Defense. Gene testified that the velocity of blood spatter found at the home could not eliminate the possibility that Kathleen took her own life.
The Prosecution urged the Jury to find Pete guilty. They said there was no motive whatsoever for Kathleen to kill Carl and take her own life.
The Jury agreed. Pete was convicted of first degree premeditated murder in connection with the death of Kathleen and was sentenced to a mandatory minimum sentence of 50 years.
The Kansas Supreme Court later affirmed his conviction but vacated his sentence. Subsequent to his sentencing hearing, a decision was made in which the Kansas Supreme Court held that Kansas' "hard 50" sentencing scheme (i.e. a mandatory minimum sentence of 50 years) was unconstitutional under Alleyne v. United States, 133 S. Ct. 2151 (2013). And as such, Pete was sentenced to a mandatory minimum sentence of 25 years.
But Pete's case was far from over. Through the work of Pete and his lawyers, they argued that Pete's conviction was a miscarriage of justice and the deaths of Carl and Kathleen related to a murder suicide. Pete's new legal team began looking at Pete's case and started from the beginning. They claimed that Kathleen did have a motive to commit the murder suicide and there were details relating to Kathleen's character and actions that the Jury never heard. They discovered that Kathleen first began working for Pete's grandfather Olin as a housekeeper in 2004 when she met Olin's daughter Patsy at a Veterans of Foreign Wars hall in Kansas City. Olin was suffering from Alzheimer's disease and Patsy had other medical issues as well. Olin and Patsy, who lived together at the time, signed over their house to Kathleen. Patsy asked her Attorney to draw up a will and Power of Attorney form in late 2004 that designated Kathleen as the beneficiary of her estate.
In 2006, Patsy's health deteriorated and she went to hospital. Her Attorney visited her and asked her why she did not sign the will and Power of Attorney that he had drawn up for her. She told him she did not trust Kathleen. Patsy died a few days later in hospital. In April of that same year, the beneficiary to Olin's life insurance was changed to Kathleen. The change was made online. There was no computer in Olin's home.
A few months later, in August 2006, Pete tried to visit Olin but Kathleen would not let him inside the house. He notified the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitative Services to file an elder abuse complaint. Around the same time, other people became concerned about Olin. An employee at his Bank was worried about him and asked to see him. Kathleen went with Olin to the Bank and Kathleen insisted that she wanted to stay with Olin. The Bank employee argued with her and managed to speak to Olin alone. She was immediately concerned about his mental health and believed he was mentally impaired. She froze his bank accounts and reported the matter and her concerns to the police.
Bonnie Keith, a former co-worker of Olin's, went to his house to visit him. Bonnie told Kathleen that she wanted to take Olin to visit his brother and would bring him back. That was just an excuse Bonnie gave so that she could remove Olin from the house immediately. She was deeply concerned about him as his underwear was badly soiled and he had bedsores. She did not return him to Kathleen and instead took him to live with Pete in Missouri.
The Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitative Services investigated Kathleen on foot of Pete's complaint and determined that she had exploited Olin. But just three months later, Olin died.
Pete was the sole heir to the estate but both Pete and Kathleen filed claims to the $46,000 insurance policy. The insurance company deposited the funds into an account and told them that whoever was entitled to it was a matter for the Courts to decide. Pete discovered that Kathleen had forged a number of checks when Olin was still alive.
On the 1st of April 2008, a mediation was put in place for Pate and Kathleen to try to come to some sort of agreement and Pete offered Kathleen 25 percent of the life insurance so that the matter could be closed. Four days later, Kathleen told her work colleagues that she saw Pate at a gas station and he threatened her. That was the same incident she also told Blair about but the version she gave to her coworkers stated it happened at a different time than the version she told Blair. When police checked CCTV footage from the gas station for that day, there was no sign of Kathleen or Pete at the gas station.
Pete's legal team presented the evidence to Court based on the theory that a murder suicide had taken place and that Kathleen shot Carl and then shot herself but not before staging the scene by calling her mother and framing Pete. They believed that Kathleen had a motive. She had a huge amount of debt and faced arrest for embezzlement.
Pete's lawyers told the Court that the contents of Kathleen's purse had never been inventoried by police prior to Pete's Trial. Pete's new legal team had an opportunity to look inside the purse after Pete's conviction as the purse was still in evidence. They found copies of 11 checks that had bounced and other evidence showing that she was embezzling. There was evidence of outstanding payday loans which further added to their argument that she was struggling financially. The Jury at Pete's first and second Trial never heard that evidence.
Pete's new legal team found further evidence. The pillow found beside Carl's body was still in evidence. When Pete's new team examined it, they found a bullet. Based on this new evidence, Dr Mitchell changed his view as to what caused Carl's laceration on his head. He concluded that it was not a blunt force injury but a graze wound from the bullet found in the pillow.
Dr Susan Roe, a pathologist, reviewed Kathleen's death. She believed that the cause of Kathleen's death was suicide as if she had been shot from behind, Kathleen would have fallen forward or sideways but she was found lying on her back. She noted that Kathleen's glasses had blood on the front of the lenses, which likely came from when she shot Carl. The glasses were washed before the blood could be tested.
Olin Pete Coones with his wife Dee and their family
Twelve years after he was convicted of murder, Pete was exonerated and released from prison.
Judge Klapper ruled that the Prosecution had failed to disclose evidence about Kathleen's credibility and motive to commit suicide. They also failed to disclose full details in relation to Rupert's testimony and that Rupert had been threatened with jail if he did not testify. He further noted that the fourth bullet should have been found prior to Pete's first and second Trial.
Pete's wrongful conviction was all the more devastating because all the evidence that exonerated him was available at the time of his initial Trial and conviction and would have bene uncovered if all the evidence was explored diligently. Police searched Pete's home at the time. They found no bloody clothing, guns, or ammunition. Kathleen told her mother on the call that Pete had taken the lawnmower but that was not at his house. Police searched his van and swabbed for gunshot residue. Nothing at all was found that connected Pete to the crime in any way. His fingerprints and his DNA were not found anywhere in Kathleen and Carl's home. Despite that, he was arrested and charged on foot of a phone call Kathleen placed to her mother and the Jury did not hear about Kathleen's actions and treatment of Olin at the time of Pete's Trial.
Pete died just three and a half months after his release from prison. He had cancer and was just 64 years old.


text:
Ecology and behavior of cowbirds and their impact on host populations
S. K. Robinson, S. I. Rothstein, Margaret Brittingham-Brant, L. J. Petit, J. A. Grzybowski
Cowbirds of the genus Molothrus are brood parasites that lay their eggs in the nests of other (host) species. Because many hosts raise cowbird young instead of their own, brood parasitism can substantially reduce host breeding productivity, and high levels of brood parasitism can threaten some host populations. Population declines and the endangered status of several species have been linked to high levels of cowbird parasitism. Neotropical migrant landbirds may be particularly vulnerable to cowbird parasitism, especially in landscapes where cowbird feeding habitat has been created or enhanced by human activities and cowbird numbers are high. The purpose of this chapter is to review the natural history of North American cowbirds with special emphasis on the brown-headed cowbird, their effects on host population dynamics, and to identify the areas where research is most needed.
NCASI Technical Bulletin
Environmental Science(all)
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Ecology and behavior of cowbirds and their impact on host populations'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Population dynamics Engineering & Materials Science
Parasites Engineering & Materials Science
Ecology Engineering & Materials Science
Productivity Engineering & Materials Science
ecology Earth & Environmental Sciences
brood parasitism Earth & Environmental Sciences
parasitism Earth & Environmental Sciences
population decline Earth & Environmental Sciences
Robinson, S. K., Rothstein, S. I., Brittingham-Brant, M., Petit, L. J., & Grzybowski, J. A. (1999). Ecology and behavior of cowbirds and their impact on host populations. In NCASI Technical Bulletin (781 ed., Vol. 2). NCASI.
Robinson, S. K. ; Rothstein, S. I. ; Brittingham-Brant, Margaret ; Petit, L. J. ; Grzybowski, J. A. / Ecology and behavior of cowbirds and their impact on host populations. NCASI Technical Bulletin. Vol. 2 781. ed. NCASI, 1999.
@inbook{75775740514140bcbe89e1035bcaec9d,
title = "Ecology and behavior of cowbirds and their impact on host populations",
abstract = "Cowbirds of the genus Molothrus are brood parasites that lay their eggs in the nests of other (host) species. Because many hosts raise cowbird young instead of their own, brood parasitism can substantially reduce host breeding productivity, and high levels of brood parasitism can threaten some host populations. Population declines and the endangered status of several species have been linked to high levels of cowbird parasitism. Neotropical migrant landbirds may be particularly vulnerable to cowbird parasitism, especially in landscapes where cowbird feeding habitat has been created or enhanced by human activities and cowbird numbers are high. The purpose of this chapter is to review the natural history of North American cowbirds with special emphasis on the brown-headed cowbird, their effects on host population dynamics, and to identify the areas where research is most needed.",
author = "Robinson, {S. K.} and Rothstein, {S. I.} and Margaret Brittingham-Brant and Petit, {L. J.} and Grzybowski, {J. A.}",
booktitle = "NCASI Technical Bulletin",
publisher = "NCASI",
edition = "781",
Robinson, SK, Rothstein, SI, Brittingham-Brant, M, Petit, LJ & Grzybowski, JA 1999, Ecology and behavior of cowbirds and their impact on host populations. in NCASI Technical Bulletin. 781 edn, vol. 2, NCASI.
Ecology and behavior of cowbirds and their impact on host populations. / Robinson, S. K.; Rothstein, S. I.; Brittingham-Brant, Margaret; Petit, L. J.; Grzybowski, J. A.
NCASI Technical Bulletin. Vol. 2 781. ed. NCASI, 1999.
T1 - Ecology and behavior of cowbirds and their impact on host populations
AU - Robinson, S. K.
AU - Rothstein, S. I.
AU - Brittingham-Brant, Margaret
AU - Petit, L. J.
AU - Grzybowski, J. A.
N2 - Cowbirds of the genus Molothrus are brood parasites that lay their eggs in the nests of other (host) species. Because many hosts raise cowbird young instead of their own, brood parasitism can substantially reduce host breeding productivity, and high levels of brood parasitism can threaten some host populations. Population declines and the endangered status of several species have been linked to high levels of cowbird parasitism. Neotropical migrant landbirds may be particularly vulnerable to cowbird parasitism, especially in landscapes where cowbird feeding habitat has been created or enhanced by human activities and cowbird numbers are high. The purpose of this chapter is to review the natural history of North American cowbirds with special emphasis on the brown-headed cowbird, their effects on host population dynamics, and to identify the areas where research is most needed.
AB - Cowbirds of the genus Molothrus are brood parasites that lay their eggs in the nests of other (host) species. Because many hosts raise cowbird young instead of their own, brood parasitism can substantially reduce host breeding productivity, and high levels of brood parasitism can threaten some host populations. Population declines and the endangered status of several species have been linked to high levels of cowbird parasitism. Neotropical migrant landbirds may be particularly vulnerable to cowbird parasitism, especially in landscapes where cowbird feeding habitat has been created or enhanced by human activities and cowbird numbers are high. The purpose of this chapter is to review the natural history of North American cowbirds with special emphasis on the brown-headed cowbird, their effects on host population dynamics, and to identify the areas where research is most needed.
BT - NCASI Technical Bulletin
PB - NCASI
Robinson SK, Rothstein SI, Brittingham-Brant M, Petit LJ, Grzybowski JA. Ecology and behavior of cowbirds and their impact on host populations. In NCASI Technical Bulletin. 781 ed. Vol. 2. NCASI. 1999


text:
Q: Check if a preference exist from Firefox extension How to check if preference exist?
I need to create a new preference in the Firefox configuration, but I can't know whether it exists already.
var firstRun = prefs.getBoolPref('extensions.addon.firstRun');

Error: NS_ERROR_UNEXPECTED: Component returned failure code: 0x8000ffff (NS_ERROR_UNEXPECTED) [nsIPrefBranch.getBoolPref]

A: As already stated by @try-catch-finally, MDN already has some code snippets.
I personally would however use @try-catch-finally's user name :p, e.g.
var somePref = false;
try {
  firstRun = prefs.getBoolPref('extensions.addon.somePref');
}
catch (ex) {
  prefs.setBoolPref('extensions.addon.somePref', somePref = true);
}

Well, even better would be if you added some default preferences (more) to your extension! Especially "first run" preferences are almost predestinated for this.
In defaults/preferences/somefilename.js add e.g.
pref("extensions.addon.firstRun", true);

Make sure to read through the Preferences article. In particular preference observers often are quite useful. ;)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


"For our citizenship is in heaven, from which we also eagerly wait for the Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ, who will transform our lowly body that it may be conformed to His glorious body, according to the working by which He is able even to subdue all things to Himself" (Philippians 3:20-21 Philippians 3:20-21 20 For our conversation is in heaven; from where also we look for the Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ: 21 Who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashioned like to his glorious body, according to the working whereby he is able even to subdue all things to himself.
Be sure to read Paul's description in 1 Corinthians 15:50-54 1 Corinthians 15:50-54 50 Now this I say, brothers, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God; neither does corruption inherit incorruption. 51 Behold, I show you a mystery; We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, 52 In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. 53 For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality. 54 So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory.
American King James Version×of our final transformation from our "lowly" physical, mortal bodies to glorious, immortal spirit bodies. The apostle Peter summarizes the transformation that God accomplishes in His saints in these words: "His divine power has given us everything needed for life and godliness, through the knowledge of him who called us by his own glory and goodness. Thus he has given us, through these things, his precious and very great promises, so that through them you may escape from the corruption that is in the world because of lust, and may become participants of the divine nature" (2 Peter 1:3-4 2 Peter 1:3-4 3 According as his divine power has given to us all things that pertain to life and godliness, through the knowledge of him that has called us to glory and virtue: 4 Whereby are given to us exceeding great and precious promises: that by these you might be partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust.


text:
Dicranoptycha nigripes is a species of limoniid crane fly in the family Limoniidae.

References

Limoniidae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Taxa named by Carl Robert Osten-Sacken
Insects described in 1859

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


LONDON - England - To back the In campaign during the EU Referendum, is to back Goldman Sachs and corporate entities who are bankrolling the loss of Britain's democracy.
NEW YORK - USA - Retail investors are being urged to keep buying stocks so that large institutions can unload as much as they can.
SHANGHAI - China - But how high will the VIX go? China's over-leveraged investors and businesses are eating some dog pie at the moment as the Shanghai Composite Index takes a 38% violent movement on the downside.
WASHINGTON D.C. - USA - President Obama is causing some serious ripples across the pond with his order that the Eurozone capitulates to Greek blackmail and gives the country debt relief, even though creditors took a 50% haircut in 2013 already.
BRUSSELS - Belgium - Kicking the cans down the road repeatedly creates a big pile of cans, these cans get rusty, and their sheer volume creates a strain on the road, eventually the weight crashes through the asphalt into the sewer below.
NEW YORK - USA - The U.S. economy resembles a large straining pustule about to pop its bulbous pus all over the place says Fed.
WASHINGTON D.C. - USA - The latest report from Finance United Capital King Endowment Depravity, a key financial clearing house for wealthy elite investors has warned that the world is nearing a point of metastasis that will see radical changes not witnessed since the world wars of the 20th century.
LONDON - England - Revolutionary hypocrite, Russell Brand is certainly not a hypocrite, he's just a very good actor.
LONDON - England - Russell Brand is angry, really angry at his treatment, especially from some members of the press. He explains his emotions in another episode of the trews.


Peel, core and cut each apple into eight wedges; transfer to a 3-qt. slow cooker. Drizzle with lemon juice. Combine the sugars, flour, cinnamon and nutmeg; sprinkle over apples. Drizzle with butter.
Cover and cook on low for 3-4 hours or until apples are tender.
Serve in dessert dishes with ice cream.
2/3 cup: 285 calories, 10g fat (6g saturated fat), 26mg cholesterol, 75mg sodium, 52g carbohydrate (45g sugars, 2g fiber), 1g protein.
Someone tell me what I did wrong. I followed the recipe exactly and used Granny Smith apples. After two hours of cooking the apples on the bottom were mush and the apples on the top were hardly cooked. I stirred them and let them cook for another hour. I was afraid I would end up with a crock pot full of mush so I shut it down. I was not able to cut the apples that held their shape after 3 hours on low in the crock pot. Thought I had a sure thing after reading all the 5 star reviews. Threw it down the garbage disposal.
Delicious! I did cut the sugar down to about 1/4 cup for the white and brown sugars. I also increased the cinnamon. Thank you for sharing this recipe!
I cut back on the butter, it just wasn't necessary. Delicious!
I prepared this delicious recipe yesterday and it was a huge hit with my husband and me as well. So easy and so delicious. Since he is not eating sugar I substituted Splenda and brown sugar Splenda and you couldn't tell. We will be having this again. I highly recommend this recipe as a Volunteer Field Editor for TOH.
This was so yummy. Hubby fired up the crockpot in the afternoon and the house smelled wonderful when I got home from work.
Fairly easy. Just peeling all those apples, but totally worth it. They were delicious and could be used with somany other recipes,: quick Apple cobbler, served its vanilla been ice cream, etc.
Yummy! I replaced the white sugar with xylitol, brown sugar with sucanat, and butter with coconut oil for a healthier version and it turned out great. I will definitely make again.


5 Paradoxes of Learning: Is your usual method for learning backfiring?Pick the Brain | Motivation and Self Improvement 5 Paradoxes of Learning: Is your usual method for learning backfiring?
Sometimes we charge into learning something new full of excitement. But as the weeks go by, our passions sometimes fly away. What seemed exciting at first can grow tedious—even frustrating. Why? Because we aren't aware of the fundamental paradoxes of learning! Surprisingly often, the very things that we should be doing can also end up getting in our way. Here's a roadmap to help you be aware of the paradoxical pitfalls of learning, and how to avoid them.
• Persistence: We're often told that to be successful learners, we've got to be persistent. That's true in the long run—but not in the short run! Here's what neuroscience is telling us. When you're learning something new, the best way to approach it is to focus and do your best to understand it. But if you get stuck, you need to stop focusing. By temporarily taking your attention off the problem, you allow other neural modes of thinking to attack the problem in the background. Later, when you try again, new understanding can suddenly appear! Good learning often means knowing how to balance your persistence—stop when you get frustrated, and return later after your other thinking modes have had a chance to work on the problem in the background.
• Concrete learning: We often want to learn something in concrete terms. If you're learning math for a professional program, for example, you often want to be able to apply your learning directly to the type of problem you'll be expected to solve on the job—calculating doses of medication, for example. But instructors often want us to first step back and learn ideas more abstractly—they want us to understand the fundamentals behind the concrete problems. It turns out that the instructors have a point. Being able to solve not only concrete problems, but also to understand the abstract ideas behind those problems, helps us to transfer our thinking to new situations. Sometimes the real world throws problems at us that we've never seen before, and it's important to be flexibly ready! Take the time to understand the abstract concepts that are being presented; ironically, this leads to solving problems in more concrete situations.
• Study with groups? Or alone? Some people like to study with groups—the give and take of learning with others can make everything more fun, and can also allow them to catch errors in their thinking. Other people like to learn alone—the quiet lack of distractions allows them to focus more fully on their learning. Which is best? Both! By alternating your ways of learning, you get the benefits of both approaches. Resist the idea that one or the other is best: use both.
• Memorization: We've often been told that memorization is bad for us—that understanding alone is the essential key to learning. While it's true that understanding is important, it turns out that memorization can also be very helpful when you are learning something new. Experts in any domain generally have great swaths of memorized information directly at their fingertips. If you try memorizing some of the key ideas you are learning about, you'll find that the memorization process can, perhaps surprisingly, lead to deeper understanding. It might seem counterintuitive, but it's true!
Learning, as it turns out, is a paradox of contrary, often contradictory approaches. Being aware of these paradoxes can help make your path to learning much more fun—and successful!
Dr. Oakley has been dubbed a female "Indiana Jones" for her mix of adventure, research, and wit in her writing. A Professor of Engineering at Oakland University in Michigan, she is the acclaimed author of Evil Genes, Pathological Altruism, and Cold-Blooded Kindness, behavioral study books that have been lauded by Joyce Carol Oates, Steven Pinker, and Pulitzer Prize winner Edward O. Wilson. Her newest release is a collection of tips, tricks, and techniques for efficient, stress-free learning.


The Acue Volcano is a compact, yet powerful, fog machine capable of shooting vertical plumes of fog up to 8 meters high. It uses a water based, polypropylene glycol mixture in a 2.5L capacity tank. It is DMX controllable (DMX512) and has a speedy heat up time. It's compact size makes the Volcano easily transportable as well.


Foundation Masters, LLC a licensed Engineering, Foundation Repair & Structural Repair Company in Bayshore, Tampa. Foundation Masters, has a long history in the Bayshore community. When you call our office and set up your free inspection we ask for your contact info, when you say Bayshore Area, we then ask what type of construction your home is. We then can tell you what type of issues your experiencing!
Jeff Earl will provide you with a detailed contract soon after your Free Foundation & Structure Inspection. Foundation Masters, LLC is the only true expert in Foundation & Structural Repair Engineers in Bayshore, Tampa. Foundation Masters, LLC also provides service to the entire State of Florida. For more information on Sinkhole Repair and Foundation Repair in Tampa, FL please contact us.


If you want to enroll at one of our courses please contact us for more information. You can find upcoming course dates here, and our contact information here.
Do not hesitate to contact us, welcome to Scandinavian Wine Academy.
The form is by no means binding.


In the quest to create a wholesome, high-quality, great tasting cookie, Greg Woodworth and Kelly Coughlin began experimenting with their cookie recipes from culinary school. Pure, simple ingredients became the basic requirements for every recipe. Local co-ops and specialty food markets supplied most of the ingredients necessary to produce what were to become Stony Brook Cookies. After countless tastings with friends and businesses, it was clear that pure ingredients really made a difference - especially when compared to other cookies that used hydrogenated oils, artificial ingredients and sulfite preservatives. Our ingredients list tells it all.
High quality extends to the cookie packaging as well, selected to maximize flavor and presentation and to minimize environmental impact. Packaging includes 100% recycled paper boxes, biodegradable cellophane bags and packing peanuts.
SBCC is constantly seeking new ways to improve and develop its products and services. Please email us any suggestions or comments and we look forward to serving you!
SBCC is owned and operated by Gregory Woodworth and Kelly Coughlin. They have recently opened a professional kitchen at the Cornell Agriculture & Food Technology Park at 500 Technology Farm Drive, Geneva, New York.
Handmade all-natural cookies, made by hand in an artisan bakery. Gourmet cookies shipped next day. All-natural ingredients, no trans fats, no hydrogenated oils, trans fat free, no preservatives. Chocolate chip cookies, gourmet cookie delivery, order cookies online, gourmet cookie delivery, cookie delivery, cookies, cookies with chocolate, cookies with nuts, cookies with oatmeal, cookies with cranberries, cookies with Guittard chocolate, cookies with all natural ingredients and no trans fats and no preservatives with Guittard chocolate, almonds and montmorency cherries. We're from Cornell, Wellesley, and Harvard. We deliver to Boston College, Boston University, and Harvard University. Delivery to colleges and college care package delivery, also corporate gift delivery. Perfect for client gifts and corporate gifts. Our gourmet cookies are chocolate chunk, chocolate chocolate chip, oatmeal cranberry and cherry chocolate chip cookies.
© 2006 Stony Brook Cookie Co. All rights reserved.


text:
Update: U.S. Soccer's talks with national team unions
by Soccer America , Dec 6, 2021
In a series of tweets, U.S. Soccer confirmed it met on Nov. 29 with the men's and women's national player associations, their first joint meeting.
Background. U.S. Soccer's collective bargaining agreement with the men expired at the end of 2018. Its CBA with the USWNT Players Association expires at the end of 2021. In September, it made what it described as identical proposals for a new collective bargaining agreement to both unions under a single structure and stated it would not agree to a CBA that didn't "take the important step of equalizing FIFA World Cup prize money."
What's next. No counter-proposals on addressing prize money equalization and a single CBA structure for both teams were presented at the meeting, but U.S. Soccer stated that it expected they will be sent in the next few weeks.
men's national team, women's national team


text:
Q: Delete and arrow keys not working After installing 12.04 and Gnome Shell, I find that the arrow and delete keys, along with the insert, home, page up & down, and end keys have stopped working.
All these keys now appear to be XF86MonBrightnessdown whatever that is.
Any fix for this?


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text:
global.Range = function Range() {}

const createContextualFragment = html => {
  const div = document.createElement('div')
  div.innerHTML = html
  return div.children[0] // so hokey it's not even funny
}

Range.prototype.createContextualFragment = html => createContextualFragment(html)

// HACK: Polyfil that allows codemirror to render in a JSDOM env.
global.window.document.createRange = function createRange() {
  return {
    setEnd: () => {},
    setStart: () => {},
    getBoundingClientRect: () => {
      return { right: 0 }
    },
    getClientRects: () => [],
    createContextualFragment
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
2021 No. 1271
Food, England
The Products Containing Meat etc. (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2021
Laid before Parliament
Coming into force
The Secretary of State makes these Regulations in exercise of the powers conferred by—
sections 6(4), 16(1)(a) and (e), 26(1)(a) and 48(1) of the Food Safety Act 1990(1); and
sections 114A and 138(7) and (8) of the School Standards and Framework Act 1998(2).
So far as these Regulations are made in exercise of powers under the Food Safety Act 1990, the Secretary of State has had regard to relevant advice given by the Food Standards Agency in accordance with section 48(4A) of the Food Safety Act 1990.
There has been consultation, as required by Article 9 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety(3), during the preparation and evaluation of these Regulations.
Citation, commencement and extent
1. These Regulations may be cited as the Products Containing Meat etc. (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2021, come into force on 12th December 2021 and extend to England and Wales.
Amendment of the Products Containing Meat etc. (England) Regulations 2014
2.—(1) The Products Containing Meat etc. (England) Regulations 2014(4) are amended as follows.
(2) In regulation 1—
(a)in the heading, for ", commencement and expiry" substitute "and commencement";
(b)omit paragraphs (3) and (4).
(3) Omit regulation 10.
(4) In Schedule 3, omit paragraphs 1 to 6.
Amendment of the Food (Amendment and Transitional Provisions) (England) Regulations 2021
3. In regulation 6(4)(b) of the Food (Amendment and Transitional Provisions) (England) Regulations 2021(5), for "12th December 2021" substitute "1st October 2022".
Victoria Prentis
Minister of State
(This note is not part of the Regulations)
These Regulations make amendments to the Products Containing Meat etc. (England) Regulations 2014 (S.I. 2014/3001) and the Food (Amendment and Transitional Provisions) (England) Regulations 2021 (S.I. 2021/616).
Regulation 2 amends the Products Containing Meat etc. (England) Regulations 2014 to remove their expiry date, review clause and provisions that are no longer in force.
Regulation 3 amends the Food (Amendment and Transitional Provisions) (England) Regulations 2021 to extend the transitional period during which the requirements of the Products Containing Meat etc. (England) Regulations 2014 do not apply to certain imported meat products, so that the period ends with effect from 1st October 2022 rather than 12th December 2021. This brings the transitional period for these meat products in line with the transitional period applicable to other imported food products to which regulation 6 of the Food (Amendment and Transitional Provisions) (England) Regulations 2021 applies.
A full impact assessment has not been produced for this instrument as no, or no significant, impact on the private, voluntary or public sector is foreseen.
1990 c. 16; section 6(4) was amended by paragraph 6 of Schedule 9 to the Deregulation and Contracting Out Act 1994 (c. 40), paragraphs 10(1) and (3) of Schedule 5, and Schedule 6, to the Food Standards Act 1999 (c. 28) and S.I. 2002/794; sections 16(1) and 48(1) were amended by paragraph 8 of Schedule 5 to the Food Standards Act 1999; section 48(4A) was inserted by paragraph 21 of Schedule 5 to the Food Standards Act 1999.
1998 c. 31; section 114A was substituted for section 114, as originally enacted, by section 86(1) of the Education and Inspections Act 2006 (c. 40) and amended by section 8(1) of the Healthy Eating in Schools (Wales) Measure 2009 (2009 nawm 3) and S.I. 2010/1158; there is an amendment to section 138(7) which is not relevant to these Regulations; see section 142(1) for the meaning of "regulations".
EUR 2002/178, to which there are amendments not relevant to these Regulations.
S.I. 2014/3001, amended by S.I. 2021/616; there is another amending instrument but it is not relevant.
S.I. 2021/616.


For over 10 years the Ottawa Police Liaison Committee has worked hard to provide an avenue of communication between the GLBT communities and the police. The committee exists primarily to develop active strategies that enhance the overall safety of all members of the GLBT family against crimes of violence and harassment.
As a member of this committee for the past four years, I have observed how it has been fully inclusive of any and all members of the GLBT communities, regardless of race, religion, age, gender or disability.
For this reason, I have to praise this committee for its hard work and take aim at wrongful accusations that it's not fully representing all members of the GLBT community and that the committee was exclusive and only concerned with matters affecting the white norm.
In an article written for TO BE (March, 2003) by Elizabeth Hall and Adrienne Sefton, founders of PAD (People Against Discrimination), the committee becomes the subject of faulty allegations.
Cynthia Cousens, chair of the Liaison Committee, was misquoted in this article as saying that diversity and race relations are not relevant to our community.
To set the record straight, Cousens' quote was taken from a Capital Xtra article (Committee asks province to train police officers earlier, Dec 6, 2002 issue of Capital Xtra). She was referring to the current training standards at the Ontario Police College, where (at that time) only race and diversity were part of the curriculum and not issues specific to the GLBT community, for which race and diversity are certainly a part.
Hall takes this quote out of context to beef up her accusations of a committee gone astray.
Why is there no legitimacy to Hall and Sefton's criticisms against the committee? Is it perhaps because Hall was intimately involved in creating the exact things she is criticizing?
If you look closely at the history of the committee, it was at one time a two-tiered organization with the principal committee consisting of the chair and the membership, and an executive branch consisting of five paid members, including Hall.
The executive branch was to provide administrative support to the Liaison Committee, such as minutes, updating memberships list and keeping mail and e-mailing lists up to date. They were also tasked to do outreach work in the community and were ultimately responsible for the issue of inclusiveness, ie membership.
For over a year, the executive branch struggled with the issue of inclusiveness, to no avail. The chair of the committee was not part of this executive and therefore was not made privy to any direction nor was any input solicited from the committee. As a result, the chair was not able to be proactive.
Since the mass resignation of the executive branch between September and November of 2002, the Liaison Committee has made more progress in the past five months to improve the committee's inclusiveness of GLBT communities than the executive branch made in over a year.
The committee has made headway with police recruitment initiatives for visible minorities and GLBT persons. At a recent community meeting on hiring initiatives, the committee chair was approached by members of the Somali and Jamaican community inviting her to speak to their communities about our GLBT issues and hiring initiatives.
The director of the Ontario Police College has welcomed the work of the Liaison Committee and has encouraged them to continue helping develop additional mandatory training for police officers on racism and diversity.
The committee and all its members are valued and respected individuals and none are considered to be tokens, as Hall and Sefton have implied. I agree that the committee lacks representation from various segments of the GLBT community, a major concern the committee has admitted on numerous occasions. It hasn't yet reached its full potential because the community has yet to step forward with more adequate representation. But this is by no means a fault to be laid on the committee.


text:
CLASS({
  package: 'foam.grammars',
  name: 'CSS3',

  imports: [ 'assert' ],

  constants: {
    PREFIXES: [
      '-webkit-'
    ],
    PREFIXED_KEYS: {
      'box-shadow': true,
      'flex': true,
      'flex-direction': true,
      'flex-grow': true,
      'flex-shrink': true,
      'flex-basis': true,
      'flex-wrap': true,
      'flex-flow': true,
      'order': true,
      'align-self': true,
      'justify-content': true,
      'align-items': true,
      'align-content': true,
      'user-select': true,
      'display': 'flex'
    }
  },

  properties: [
    {
      name: 'parser',
      lazyFactory: function() {
        var css = this;
        return SkipGrammar.create({
          __proto__: grammar,

          START: sym('stylesheet'),

          // CSS 3 "tokens" (see http://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#tokenization).
          nl: alt('\n', literal('\r\n'), '\r', '\f'),
          ws: alt(' ', '\t', sym('nl')),
          digit: range('0', '9'),
          hd: alt(range('0', '9'), range('a', 'f'), range('A', 'F')),
          hdQM: alt(sym('hd'), '?'),
          hd16: str(seq(sym('hd'),
                    optional(sym('hd')),
                    optional(sym('hd')),
                    optional(sym('hd')),
                    optional(sym('hd')),
                    optional(sym('hd')))),
          hd16QM: str(seq(sym('hd'),
                      optional(sym('hdQM')),
                      optional(sym('hdQM')),
                      optional(sym('hdQM')),
                      optional(sym('hdQM')),
                      optional(sym('hdQM')))),
          esc: str(seq('\\', alt(not(alt(sym('nl'), sym('hd')), anyChar),
                             str(seq(sym('hd16'), optional(sym('ws'))))))),
          wsTok: str(plus(sym('ws'))),
          wsStar: str(repeat(sym('ws'))),
          azAZ_nonASCII: alt(range('a', 'z'),
                             range('A', 'Z'),
                             '_',
                             range(String.fromCharCode(128),
                                   String.fromCharCode(0xFFFFFFFF | 0))),
          azAZ09__nonASCII: alt(range('a', 'z'),
                                range('A', 'Z'),
                                range('0', '9'),
                                '_',
                                '-',
                                range(String.fromCharCode(128),
                                      String.fromCharCode(0xFFFFFFFF | 0))),
          identTok: str(seq(optional('-'),
                        alt(sym('azAZ_nonASCII'), sym('esc')),
                        str(repeat(alt(sym('azAZ09__nonASCII'), sym('esc')))))),
          funcTok: seq1(0, sym('identTok'), '('),
          atkwTok: seq1(1, '@', sym('identTok')),
          hashTok: seq1(1, '#', str(plus(alt(sym('azAZ09__nonASCII'), sym('esc'))))),
          innerDblStr: str(repeat(alt(not(alt('"', '\\', sym('nl')), anyChar),
                                  sym('esc'),
                                  str(seq('\\', sym('nl')))))),
          innerSglStr: str(repeat(alt(not(alt('\'', '\\', sym('nl')), anyChar),
                                  sym('esc'),
                                  str(seq('\\', sym('nl')))))),
          dblStr: seq1(1, '"', sym('innerDblStr'), '"'),
          sglStr: seq1(1, '\'', sym('innerSglStr'), '\''),
          strTok: alt(sym('dblStr'), sym('sglStr')),
          urlTok: seq1(2, 'url(',
                       sym('wsStar'),
                       optional(seq1(0, alt(sym('urlUnquoted'),
                                            sym('strTok')),
                                     sym('wsStar'))),
                       ')'),
          urlUnquoted: str(plus(alt(not(alt('"', '\'', '(', ')', '\\',
                                        sym('ws'), sym('nonPrintable')),
                                    anyChar),
                                sym('esc')))),
          nonPrintable: alt(range(String.fromCharCode(0x0000), String.fromCharCode(0x0008)),
                            String.fromCharCode(0x000B),
                            range(String.fromCharCode(0x000E), String.fromCharCode(0x001F)),
                            String.fromCharCode(0x007F)),
          numTok: str(seq(optional(alt('+', '-')),
                      alt(str(seq(str(plus(sym('digit'))), '.', str(plus(sym('digit'))))),
                          str(plus(sym('digit'))),
                          str(seq('.', str(plus(sym('digit')))))),
                      optional(str(seq(alt('e', 'E'),
                                   optional(alt('+', '-')),
                                   str(plus(sym('digit')))))))),
          dimTok: str(seq(sym('numTok'), sym('identTok'))),
          perTok: str(seq(sym('numTok'), '%')),
          uniRangeTok: str(seq(alt('U', 'u'),
                               '+',
                               alt(str(seq(sym('hd16'), '-', sym('hd16'))),
                                   sym('hd16QM'),
                                   sym('hd16')))),
          incMatchTok: literal('~='),
          dashMatchTok: literal('|='),
          prefMatchTok: literal('^='),
          sufMatchTok: literal('$='),
          subStrMatchTok: literal('*='),
          colTok: literal('||'),
          cdoTok: literal('<!--'),
          cdcTok: literal('-->'),
          colonTok: literal(':'),
          semicolonTok: literal(';'),
          commaTok: literal(','),

          // "Preserved token" from http://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#parsing
          // is "Any token produced by the tokenizer except for
          // <function-token>s, <{-token>s, <(-token>s, and <[-token>s.".
          // We approximate this with the list of tokens below. Note that
          // '}', ')', and ']' are usually included in "preserved tokens",
          // but cause parse errors. According to the standard, this is to
          // allow for better error recovery in contexts such as media queries.
          preserved1: alt(sym('cdoTok'),
                          sym('cdcTok'),
                          sym('urlTok'),
                          sym('strTok'),
                          sym('perTok'),
                          sym('dimTok'),
                          sym('numTok'),
                          sym('uniRangeTok'),
                          sym('atkwTok'),
                          sym('hashTok'),
                          sym('identTok'),
                          sym('incMatchTok'),
                          sym('dashMatchTok'),
                          sym('prefMatchTok'),
                          sym('sufMatchTok'),
                          sym('subStrMatchTok'),
                          sym('colTok'),
                          sym('wsTok'),
                          sym('colonTok'),
                          sym('commaTok')),
          // NoSemicolon cases: There are a few places where the "informal"
          // railroad diagrams in the spec specify a sequence of component
          // values (each maybe-is-a preserved token) terminated by a semicolon.
          // The trouble is, a semicolon token is a preserved token. It is for
          // such cases that we introduce the "NoSemicolon" variant of several
          // productions.
          // delimTok comes last: <delim-token> is emitted by standard lexer
          // when parsing tokens such as "~=", "<!--", etc. fails and we wish
          // to simply emit one delimiter. It is probably emitted even more
          // often (i.e., as a catch-all when every other token match has
          // failed). That is why some additions that are common in CSS (such as
          // '>') have been added.
          preservedTokNoSemicolon: alt(sym('preserved1'),
                                       sym('delimTok')),
          preservedTok: alt(sym('preserved1'),
                            sym('semicolonTok'),
                            sym('delimTok')),
          delimTok: alt('#', '$', '*', '+', '-', '.', '/', '<', '>', '@', '^', '|', '~', '='),

          // CSS 3 "parsing" productions (see http://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#parsing).
          stylesheet: repeat(alt(sym('cdoTok'),
                                 sym('cdcTok'),
                                 sym('wsTok'),
                                 sym('atRule'),
                                 sym('qualifiedRule'))),

          atRule: seq(sym('atkwTok'),
                      sym('atRuleContents')),
          atRuleContents: alt(sym('atRuleBody'), sym('atRuleContentsContinued')),
          atRuleBody: alt(sym('braceBlock'), ';'),
          atRuleContentsContinued: seq(sym('componentValueNoSemicolon'), sym('atRuleContents')),

          qualifiedRule: alt(sym('qualifiedRuleBlock'),
                             sym('qualifiedRuleContinued')),
          qualifiedRuleBlock: sym('braceBlock'),
          qualifiedRuleContinued: seq(sym('componentValue'), sym('qualifiedRule')),

          rule: alt(sym('atRule'), sym('qualifiedRule')),
          ruleList: seq1(1, sym('wsStar'),
                        alt(seq(sym('rule'), sym('ruleList')),
                            sym('rule'))),

          declList: seq1(1, sym('wsStar'),
                         alt(sym('declListOptDeclList'),
                             sym('declListAtList'))),
          declListOptDeclList: seq(sym('declListOptDecl'),
                                   sym('declListOptList')),
          declListOptDecl: optional(sym('decl')),
          declListOptList: optional(seq(';', sym('declList'))),
          declListAtList: seq(sym('atRule'), sym('declList')),
          decl: seq(sym('identTok'),
                    sym('wsStar'),
                    ':',
                    str(repeat(sym('componentValueNoSemicolon'))),
                    optional(sym('important'))),
          important: str(seq('!', sym('wsStar'), 'important', sym('wsStar'))),

          componentValue: alt(sym('braceBlock'),
                              sym('parenBlock'),
                              sym('brackBlock'),
                              sym('funcBlock'),
                              sym('preservedTok')),
          componentValueNoSemicolon: alt(sym('braceBlock'),
                                         sym('parenBlock'),
                                         sym('brackBlock'),
                                         sym('funcBlock'),
                                         sym('preservedTokNoSemicolon')),

          // So far, we only really care about the structure of declarations
          // inside brace blocks.
          braceBlock: seq1(1, '{', sym('braceBlockContents'), '}'),
          braceBlockContents: seq(sym('wsStar'),
                                  optional(alt(sym('ruleList'),
                                               sym('declList'))),
                                  str(repeat(sym('componentValue')))),

          parenBlock: seq1(1, '(', str(repeat(sym('componentValue'))), ')'),
          brackBlock: seq1(1, '[', str(repeat(sym('componentValue'))), ']'),
          funcBlock: seq(sym('funcTok'), str(repeat(sym('componentValue'))), ')')
        }.addActions({
          // TODO(markdittmer): We should probably "properly model" non-string
          // nodes rather than using { model_: 'NodeType', ... }.
          atkwTok: function(tok) {
            return {
              model_: 'AtKeyword',
              value: tok,
              toString: function() { return '@' + this.value.toString(); }
            };
          },
          hashTok: function(tok) {
            return {
              model_: 'HashIdent',
              value: tok,
              toString: function() { return '#' + this.value.toString(); }
            };
          },
          qualifiedRuleBlock: function(block) {
            return {
              model_: 'QualifiedRule',
              prelude: [],
              body: block,
              toString: function() {
                return this.prelude.map(function(p) {
                  return p.toString();
                }).join('') + this.body.toString(); }
            };
          },
          qualifiedRuleContinued: function(parts) {
            // TODO(markdittmer): Performance issue: Array.prototype.unshift
            // considered harmful.
            if ( css.isWhitespace(parts[0]) ) parts[1].prelude.unshift(' ');
            else                              parts[1].prelude.unshift(parts[0]);
            return parts[1];
          },
          atRule: function(parts) {
            return {
              model_: 'AtRule',
              atName: parts[0],
              contents: parts[1],
              toString: function() {
                return this.atName.toString() + ' ' + this.contents.toString();
              }
            };
          },
          atRuleBody: function(body) {
            return {
              model_: 'AtRuleContents',
              prelude: [],
              body: body,
              toString: function() { return this.prelude.join('') + this.body.toString(); }
            };
          },
          atRuleContentsContinued: function(parts) {
            // TODO(markdittmer): Performance issue: Array.prototype.unshift
            // considered harmful.
            if ( css.isWhitespace(parts[0]) ) parts[1].prelude.unshift(' ');
            else                              parts[1].prelude.unshift(parts[0]);
            return parts[1];
          },
          braceBlockContents: function(parts) {
            var block = {
              model_: 'BraceBlock',
              contents: parts[1] ? parts[1] : '',
              tail: parts[2] ? css.stripWhitespace(parts[2]) : '',
              toString: function() {
                return '{' + this.contents.toString() + this.tail.toString() + '}';
              }
            };
            return block;
          },
          brackBlock: function(body) {
            var block = {
              model_: 'BracketBlock',
              body: body,
              toString: function() {
                return '[' + css.stripWhitespace(this.body.toString()) + ']';
              }
            };
            return block;
          },
          parenBlock: function(body) {
            var block = {
              model_: 'ParenBlock',
              body: body,
              toString: function() {
                return '(' + css.stripWhitespace(this.body.toString()) + ')';
              }
            };
            return block;
          },
          dblStr: function(contents) {
            var block = {
              model_: 'DoubleStr',
              contents: contents,
              toString: function() {
                return '"' + this.contents.toString() + '"';
              }
            };
            return block;
          },
          sglStr: function(contents) {
            var block = {
              model_: 'SingleStr',
              contents: contents,
              toString: function() {
                return '\'' + this.contents.toString() + '\'';
              }
            };
            return block;
          },
          urlTok: function(optUrl) {
            return {
              model_: 'Url',
              url: optUrl ? optUrl : '',
              toString: function() {
                return 'url(' + this.url.toString() + ')';
              }
            };
          },
          funcBlock: function(parts) {
            var block = {
              model_: 'FuncBlock',
              name: parts[0],
              contents: parts[1].trim(),
              toString: function() {
                return this.name.toString() + '(' + this.contents.toString() + ')';
              }
            };
            return block;
          },
          decl: function(parts) {
            var decl = {
              model_: 'Decl',
              key: parts[0],
              value: parts[3].trim(),
              important: !!parts[4],
              toString: function() {
                var key = this.key.toString();
                var important = this.important ? '!important' : '';
                var prefixData = css.PREFIXED_KEYS[key];
                var value = this.value.toString();
                var values = css.PREFIXES.length > 0 && prefixData === value ?
                    css.PREFIXES.map(function(p) { return p + value; }).concat(value) :
                    [value];
                var rtn = values.map(function(v) {
                  return key + ':' + v + important;
                });
                if ( prefixData === true /*|| prefixData === value*/ ) {
                  for ( var i = 0; i < css.PREFIXES.length; ++i ) {
                    rtn = rtn.concat(values.map(function(v) {
                      return css.PREFIXES[i] + key + ':' + v + important;
                    }));
                  }
                }
                return rtn.join(';');
              }
            };
            return decl;
          },
          ruleList: function(parts) {
            if ( parts.length === 2 ) {
              // TODO(markdittmer): Performance issue: Array.prototype.unshift
              // considered harmful.
              parts[1].list.unshift(parts[0]);
              return parts[1];
            } else {
              return {
                model_: 'RuleList',
                list: [parts],
                toString: function() { return this.list.join(''); }
              };
            }
          },
          declListOptDecl: function(decl) {
            return {
              model_: 'DeclList',
              list: decl ? [decl] : [],
              toString: function() {
                return this.list.map(function(decl) {
                  return decl.toString();
                }).join(';');
              }
            };
          },
          declListOptList: function(parts) {
            return parts && parts[1] ? parts[1] : '';
          },
          declListAtList: function(atList) {
            atList[1].list = [atList[0]].concat(atList[1].list);
            return atList[1];
          },
          declListOptDeclList: function(declAndList) {
            if ( declAndList[1] )
                declAndList[0].list = declAndList[0].list.concat(declAndList[1].list);
            return declAndList[0];
          },
          stylesheet: function(parts) {
            var stylesheet = {
              model_: 'Stylesheet',
              contents: parts.filter(function(p) {
                // Strip whitespace.
                return !css.isWhitespace(p);
              }),
              toString: function() {
                return this.contents.map(function(c) {
                  return c.toString();
                }).join('');
              }
            };
            return stylesheet;
          }
        }), seq('/*', str(repeat(not('*/', anyChar))), '*/'));
      }
    }
  ],

  methods: [
    function isWhitespace(str) {
      return str.model_ ? false : !!str.match(/^[ \t\r\n\f]*$/g);
    },
    function stripWhitespace(str) {
      return str.model_ ? str : str.replace(/[ \t\r\n\f]/g, '');
    }
  ]
});


text:
you are here: science media centre > roundups for journalists > expert reaction to study on a compound found in green tea and heart attacks
expert reaction to study on a compound found in green tea and heart attacks
Researchers, publishing in Journal of Biological Chemistry, looked at a compound that is found in green tea and looked, in vitro, at its effects on amyloid fibrils, which are associated with atherosclerotic plaques.
Dr Paul Kroon, Research Leader (Polyphenols and Health), Quadram Institute Bioscience, said:
"This is an interesting report showing that in laboratory experiments, the tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate can change the structure of amyloid fibrils that that are formed from a protein called ApoA-1 in the presence of another component in blood, heparin. Normal ApoA-1 amyloid fibrils are associated with increasing amounts of atherosclerotic plaque and decreased plaque stability, i.e. they are more likely to rupture and cause a heart attack or stroke. The authors show that in the presence of epigallocatechin gallate, the structure of the fibrils that form are altered and they are no longer toxic. However, the concentrations required for this effect to be demonstrated in the lab are much higher than can be achieved by people drinking green tea or taking green tea capsules safely. Indeed, there are a number of potentially beneficial activities of epigallocatechin gallate that have been shown in the laboratory, but these effects could not be demonstrated in humans because the compound is poorly absorbed and quite unstable in the body. Although the authors recognise this and argue that it may be possible to produce a similar compound that is more bioavailable and stable and able to reach the concentrations required, this is likely to be extremely challenging because the gallate ester part of the molecule that is required for it to be effective is also responsible for its instability and poor bioavailability."
Prof Tim Chico, Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine and Honorary Consultant Cardiologist at the University of Sheffield, said:
"This is a very preliminary biochemical study. It found that a compound found in green tea (called EGCG) helps to break up proteins that are found in some diseased blood vessels, which is interesting. However, it is far too early to suggest that this will lead to new treatments. The researchers have not yet looked at whether EGCG makes any difference to any form of disease in animals or humans, and there was some suggestion that high concentrations of EGCG might reduce survival of important human cells.
"It is important therefore that the (slightly exaggerated) press release does not raise false expectations about the implications of this discovery for patients. There are thousands of researchers working across the globe using many different approaches to try to tackle heart disease, and people should be encouraged that we are making great progress. However, adopting a healthy active lifestyle, eating a balanced diet, not smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight remain the best ways to reduce our risk of heart disease.
"Should you drink green tea? Yes, if you like it but not because of this research."
Dr Amitava Banerjee, Senior Clinical Lecturer in Clinical Data Science at University College London, said:
"Green tea consumption has been associated with reduced mortality from cardiovascular disease (e.g. heart attacks and strokes) in a large meta-analysis (pooling of data from existing studies) (1). The possible mechanism of action of green tea is not fully known. The major cause of cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis, the "furring up" of arteries with fatty deposits. A protein called apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1) can form amyloid deposits in atherosclerosis, and also in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, in vitro experiments showed that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), found in green tea, bound to amyloid fibres of apoA-1, perhaps making these fibres less damaging to blood vessels.
"This is a laboratory, in vitro study under controlled experimental conditions, and does not prove that the same happens in vivo. The effect of EGCG will only be significant if it has an impact on "hard outcomes" such as reducing the rate of heart attack or death, which needs to be tested in clinical trials. In short, these are preliminary findings, which may lead to development of new drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Before we advocate large-scale consumption of green tea, we need far more compelling evidence at population level. There are already many well-established ways to prevent (e.g. stopping smoking, increasing physical activity, improving diet) and treat (e.g. aspirin, statins) atherosclerosis, which are still under-used. As a cardiologist, I will continue to focus on these approaches."
* 'Epigallocatechin-3-gallate remodels apolipoprotein A-I amyloid fibrils into soluble oligomers in the presence of heparin' by David Townsend et al. was published in Journal of Biological Chemistry on Friday 1st June.
Dr Amitava Banerjee: No conflicts of interest
Prof Tim Chico: No conflicts of interest


text:
Callitridiplosis jana är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Peter Kolesik 2000. Callitridiplosis jana ingår i släktet Callitridiplosis och familjen gallmyggor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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