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Alkamenes
Alkamenes (Greek, Αλκαμένη; Latin, Alcamenes) was a Greek sculptor from Athens, working in the second half of the 5th century BC. Very little is known of his life. Pliny the Elder wrote that he was working at the time of the 83rd Olympiad (448-445 BC), in the same period as Pheidias, Critias (Kritios), Nesiotes and Hegias (Natural history, Book 34, chapter 19), and that he was an Athenian (Natural history, Book 36, chapter 4).
However, it is now considered that he and Pheidias were working around a generation later than the other three. According to the Suda (Ἀλκαμένης, Adler number: alpha 1269) he was from Lemnos (Λῆμνος). The northern Aegean island was an Athenian cleruchy or colony [1], and thus he may have been an Athenian citizen. A more recent theory is that the text should read Αίμνιος (Aimnios), and that he came from the Attic district of Amnai (Αίμναι).
He was a pupil of Pheidias at the same time as Agorakritos of Paros.
"Alcamenes, who was a pupil of Phidias, worked in marble and executed a Pentathlete in brass, known as the 'Encrinomenos' [highly approved]."
Pliny, Natural history, Book 34, chapter 19. At Perseus Digital Library.
"A thing, however, that is universally admitted, is the fact that he [Pheidias] was the instructor of Alcamenes, the Athenian, one of the most famous among the sculptors."
Pliny, Natural history, Book 36, chapter 4. At Perseus Digital Library.
Most of the works by Alkamenes mentioned by ancient authors were statues of deities, and like Pheidias he worked in bronze, marble and chryselephantine (sheets of gold and moulded ivory attached to a wooden framework).
His statue of Aphrodite in the Garden (ἄγαλμα τῆς Ἀφροδίτης τῆς ἐν τοῖς Κήποις), named after the Garden of Aphrodite near the Temple of Aphrodite Ourania (Οὐρανίαν Ἀφροδίτην, Heavenly Aphrodite), outside the city walls of Athens, was considered to be his most beautiful work. "Few things at Athens," wrote Pausanias, "are so well worth seeing as this".
"Concerning the district called The Gardens, and the temple of Aphrodite, there is no story that is told by them, nor yet about the Aphrodite which stands near the temple. Now the shape of it is square, like that of the Hermae, and the inscription declares that the Heavenly Aphrodite is the oldest of those called Fates. But the statue of Aphrodite in the Gardens is the work of Alcamenes, and one of the most note worthy things in Athens."
The statue was also mentioned by Pliny the Elder and Lucian of Samosata (Λουκιανός ὁ Σαμοσατεύς, circa 125-180 AD).
"A thing, however, that is universally admitted, is the fact that he [Pheidias] was the instructor of Alcamenes, the Athenian, one of the most famous among the sculptors. By this last artist, there are numerous statues in the temples at Athens; as also, without the walls there, the celebrated Venus, known as the Ἀφροδίτη ἐν κήποις [Aphrodite in the Garden], a work to which Phidias himself, it is said, put the finishing hand."
Pliny the Elder, Natural history, Book 36, chapter 4. At Perseus Digital Library.
"Lycinus: You have seen the Cnidian Aphrodite [by Praxiteles], anyhow; now I want to know whether you have also seen our own Aphrodite of the Gardens – the Alcamenes.
Polystratus: I must be a dullard of dullards, if that most exquisite of Alcamenes's works had escaped my notice."
Lucian, A Portrait-Study. In: The Works of Lucian of Samosata. ebooks at the University of Adelaide.
Pliny the Elder (Natural history, Book 36, chapter 4) also wrote that Alkamenes and Agorakritos of Paros, another pupil of Pheidias each entered a statue of Aphrodite in a contest, which Agorakritos won (see Agorakritos of Paros).
Alkamenes also made a bronze statue of Hephaistos, probably for the Hephaisteion, Athens (Cicero, de natura Deorum, 1.30, 83; Valerius Maximus, 8.11, ext. 3).
A marble statue of Hephaistos in the Ostia Archaeological Museum (see photo below) is thought to be a Roman period copy of a work by Alkamenes.
A marble relief in Naples, depicting Hermes, Eurydice and Orpheus in the Underworld (see photo below), is thought to be a 1st century AD copy of a Greek original of the second half of the 5th century BC, attributed to Alkamenes.
Marble statuette of Hekate
Triformis, perhaps inspired
by a work of Alkamenes
(see details below).
Roman period, 50-100 AD,
"after an original by Alcamenes,
430-420 BC". From Italy.
Height 75.5 cm, diameter 24.5 cm.
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden,
Leiden, Netherlands.
Inv. No. Pb 136.
From the collection of Peter Paul
Rubens; bequest of Gerard van
Papenbroek (1673-1743).
Three Archaistic female figures, shown frontally, stand around an irregularly shaped plinth, leaning their backs on a simple column in the centre. Each wears a polos and a peplos, girdled above the waist, over a long chiton. Two figures hold a pomegranate in the left hand, placed on the breast. The third held a torch.
It is not known how or when Rubens acquired the work. A self-portrait, now in the Hermitage, Saint Petersburg, shows him with his son and the statuette in the background.
A Hekation, a trihedron in the form
of a tripod, Between each leg is an
incurving face with an Archaistic
relief of Hekate Triformis. She wears
a tall polos and a himation over
a long chiton.
Late Hellenistic period. Found near
the temple of Athena Polias on the
ancient acropolis of Rhodes.
Rhodes Archaeological Museum.
Marble statue identified as Vulcanus-Hephaistos.
Perhaps a copy of an original attributed to Alkamenes, 420-415 BC.
Found in the Baths of Mithras (Terme del Mitra, I,XVII,2), Ostia.
The statue lacks attributes, such as a hammer or axe, which would identify him
as Hephaistos. His pilos (conical cap, see Medusa) and short-sleeved chiton,
worn over one shoulder only, are reminiscent of depictions of Odysseus.
Ostia Archaeological Museum. Inv. No. 152.
Other works by Alkamenes mentioned by Pausanias:
A triple-bodied Hekate (known as Hekate Triformis), said to be the first of this type, which stood next to the Temple of Athena Nike on the Athens Acropolis.
"It was Alcamenes, in my opinion, who first made three images of Hecate attached to one another, a figure called by the Athenians Epipurgidia [Ἐπιπυργιδία, on the Tower]; it stands beside the temple of the Wingless Victory."
Due to the opinion stated by Pausanias, several extant depictions of triple Hekate (see photo, above right) are believed to have been inspired by an original work by Alkamenes.
A cult statue of Hera in a temple of Hera between Phaleron and Athens. Pausanias wrote that the temple was reported to have been burnt by Mardonius in 480 BC, the general of Xerxes I during the second Persian invasion of Greece. For this reason it appears he doubted the claim that the statue was by Alkamenes. He may have believed that it was more recent and that Alkamenes worked before the Persian invasion.
"On the way from Phalerum to Athens there is a temple of Hera with neither doors nor roof. Men say that Mardonius, son of Gobryas, burnt it. But the image there today is, as report goes, the work of Alcamenes. So that this, at any rate, cannot have been damaged by the Persians."
A statue of Ares in the sanctuary of Ares in the Athens Agora. Pausanias did not say that it stood in the temple nor that it was the cult statue. If the cult statue inside the temple was by another artist, either he did not see it or did not find it noteworthy.
"Near the statue of Demosthenes [see Polyeuktos] is a sanctuary of Ares, where are placed two images of Aphrodite, one of Ares made by Alcamenes, and one of Athena made by a Parian of the name of Locrus [Λόκρος]. There is also an image of Enyo, made by the sons of Praxiteles [see Kephisodotos the Younger]."
A chryselephantine statue of Dionysos Eleutherios in the god's sanctuary next to the Theatre of Dionysos, Athens (Pausanias, Book 1, chapter 20, section 3).
A sculpture group of Prokne (Πρόκνη) and Itys (Ἴτυς), dedicated by Alkamenes, on the Athens Acropolis. This is among artworks Pausanias recommended to "those who prefer artistic workmanship to mere antiquity" (Pausanias, Book 1, chapter 24, section 3).
The west pediment at the rear of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, with a depiction of the battle between the Lapiths and the Centaurs (a centauromachy, κενταυρομαχη).
"The sculptures in the front pediment are by Paeonius, who came from Mende in Thrace; those in the back pediment are by Alcamenes, a contemporary of Pheidias, ranking next after him for skill as a sculptor. What he carved on the pediment is the fight between the Lapithae and the Centaurs at the marriage of Peirithous.
In the center of the pediment is Peirithous. On one side of him is Eurytion, who has seized the wife of Peirithous, with Caeneus bringing help to Peirithous, and on the other side is Theseus defending himself against the Centaurs with an axe. One Centaur has seized a maid, another a boy in the prime of youth.
Alcamenes, I think, carved this scene, because he had learned from Homer's poem [Iliad, Book 13, line 389, and Book 16, line 482] that Peirithous was a son of Zeus, and because he knew that Theseus was a great grandson of Pelops."
Paionios of Mende may have made the sculptures on both pediments, while some scholars have considered on chronological and stylistic grounds that neither Paionios nor Alkamenes could have sculpted the pediments.
A statue of Asklepios for a temple at Mantineia in Arcadia, Peloponnese, shared by the healing god and Apollo, Artemis and Leto (the "Apollonian Triad"; see Nike).
"The Mantineans possess a temple composed of two parts, being divided almost exactly at the middle by a wall. In one part of the temple is an image of Asclepius, made by Alcamenes; the other part is a sanctuary of Leto and her children [Apollo and Artemis], and their images were made by Praxiteles two generations after Alcamenes. On the pedestal of these are figures of Muses together with Marsyas playing the flute."
Alkamenes also made a colossal marble relief of Athena and Herakles, dedicated in 403 BC by Thrasyboulos in the temple of Herakles, Thebes, following the expulsion of the tyrants and the restoration of democracy in Athens at the end of the Peloponnesian War.
"Thrasybulus, son of Lycus, and the Athenians who with him put down the tyranny of the Thirty, set out from Thebes when they returned to Athens, and therefore they dedicated in the sanctuary of Heracles colossal figures of Athena and Heracles, carved by Alcamenes in relief out of Pentelic marble."
Pausanias also mentioned "a Hermes called Hermes of the Gateway" (Ἑρμῆν ὃν Προπύλαιον, Hermen on Propylaion) in front of the Propylaia of the Athens Acropolis.
"Right at the very entrance to the Acropolis are a Hermes (called Hermes of the Gateway) and figures of Graces, which tradition says were sculptured by Socrates, the son of Sophroniscus, who the Pythia testified was the wisest of men, a title she refused to Anacharsis, although he desired it and came to Delphi to win it."
An Archaistic marble herm of Hermes, discovered in Pergamon in 1903, bears the inscription:
"You will recognize the extremely beautiful statue by Alkamenes, the Hermes Before-the-Gate [Ἑρμᾶν τὸν Προπυλων, Herman ton Propylon]. Pergamios set it up.
Know thyself."
It was immediately concluded that this was a copy of the Hermes seen by Pausanias which by inference must have been by Alkamenes.
Another quite different marble herm of Hermes was unearthed in Ephesus in 1928, also with an inscription claiming it to be the work of Alkamenes.
See further information and photos
on Pergamon gallery 2, page 15.
The Herm of Hermes from
Pergamon. "Copy of a herm
attributed to Alkamenes".
Roman period, thought to be
copy of a 5th century BC herm
attributed to Alkamenes.
Height 119.5 cm.
Marble relief, known as the "Orpheus Relief", depicting
Hermes, Eurydice and Orpheus in the Underworld.
Found at Torre del Greco, Bay of Naples. Height 118 cm, width 100 cm.
National Archaeological Museum, Naples. Inv. No. 6727. Carafa di Noja Collection.
The relief was made in 1st century AD, during the Augustan period, and before the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. It is thought to be a copy of a Greek original of the second half of the 5th century BC, in the High Classical style of the sculptures of the Parthenon, and has been attributed to Alkamenes.
This is one of six almost identical surviving Roman period reliefs; two other almost complete examples are in the Villa Albani, Rome and the Louvre, Paris. The type is the earliest extant depiction of the well-known myth of Orpheus and Eurydice in the Underworld (Hades).
Distraught with grief by the death of his bride Eurydice, Orpheus descended to the Underworld in search of her. He charmed the gods there with his music and they permitted him to return with Eurydice to the land of the living, on the condition that he did not look back at her during the long journey back. However, when they had almost reached the boundary of the Underworld, Orpheus could not resist his longing to see her face. He turned and lifted her veil to look at her, breaking the condition set by the gods, and she was forced to remain in the realm of the dead.
In the relief Eurydice is shown unveiled, and she and Orpheus touch each other tenderly. But Hermes, as Psychopompos (Guide of Souls), has already taken hold of her arm to lead her back to her place among the dead.
The names of the figures are inscribed above their heads. Hermes is also identifiable by the petasos (broad-brimmed sun hat) hanging behind his head. The name of Orpheus, with his Phrygian cap and lyre, is written back-to-front, perhaps to indicate that he comes from the world of the living.
Alkamenes Notes, references and links
1. Lemnos and Athens
Lemnos was taken some time between 515 and 495 BC by the Athenian Miltiades son of Kimon (Μιλτιάδης ὁ Κίμωνος, circa 550-489 BC), who was then tyrant of the Chersonese, from the Pelasgians, the pre-Greek natives of Greece. Following the failure of the Ionian Revolt against the Persians (499-493 BC), he fled to Athens and gave Lemnos to the Athenians. He was appointed an Athenian general and was a hero of the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC. Although the island briefly fell into Persian hands around 509 BC, it was regained by Athens after the Persians had been driven out of the European side of the Nothern Aegean, Hellespont and Bosphorus, following the Greek victories at Salamis (480 BC) and Plataea (479 BC). See History of Stageira and Olympiada part 4. Whether the island was settled as a cleruchy or other type of colony, such as an apoikia (ἀποικία, literally, home away from home) remains a matter of debate.
Herodotus, Histories, Book 5, chapters 26-27, and Book 6, chapters 136-140. At Perseus Digital Library.
J. A. S. Evans, Notes on Miltiades' capture of Lemnos. In: Classical Philology, Volume 58, No. 3 (July 1963), pages 168-170. The University of Chicago Press. At jstor.
A. J. Graham, The fifth century cleruchy on Lemnos. In: Collected papers on Greek colonization, chapter 16, pages 325-326. Brill, Leiden, Boston, Köln, 2001. Preview at Googlebooks.
Around 450-440 BC Pheidias made a bronze statue of Athena, known the "Athena Lemnia" (Λημνία) because it was dedicated by the Lemnian colonists on the Athenian Acropolis.
"There are two other offerings [on the Acropolis], a statue of Pericles, the son of Xanthippus, and the best worth seeing of the works of Pheidias, the statue of Athena called Lemnian after those who dedicated it."
Photos and articles © David John
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Do you think you can play out when it is freezing?
When it is -24 Celsius degrees out you aren't too sure if going out to play is that wise. That's what we faced when we were in Finland during Christmas. The fact is though, you can absolutely play outside when it is freezing.
It is all about preparation.
They say in Scandinavia that there is no bad weather. There is just bad clothing. For properly freezing weather kids best wear balaclavas on their heads, and a couple of woollen mittens - one thin and one thick on top. Ski clothing is the best for playing out in the snow. Proper layering helps, and the most crucial thing about layering is that you try and create air between the layers. Think wool and fleece for best results. Shoes should have a thick sole, and not be too packed with socks. It is the air which really makes the difference.
And while our daughter was dressed appropriately in her brand new ski gear, us parents weren't quite that prepared. My toes were freezing, as I had running shoes, and my legs were freezing as I had jeans on. Thankfully my jacket was a thick down jacket and my felt mittens were perfect for sub-zero temperatures. We were sort of half prepared - mainly our to halves.
We did pop inside every once in a while to warm up our toes and cheeks, and then it was out in the snow again!
The cold really does hit you. Your breathing is more laboured. Your nose and cheeks feel a pinch and burn. Your breath creates little droplets on your scarf and starts freezing over. Probably the worst thing that affected the photographer me that I am though was that my camera kept running out of charge. I had to dig the batteries out every once in a while and warm them in my hand... But when you are having fun it is a small price to pay. We run around in the snow, dug snow holes, hacked ice, had a lightsaber jedi fight... As you do.
And then after an hour or so it was time to go inside and de-frost.
So yes, you can play out when it is freezing. Even if it is -24 Celsius. And it will be just as fun as any other time, although it might not be for a very long time!
What is the coldest temperature you have experienced?
It's great that you went out and enjoyed the snow, even if you were facing sub-zero temperatures! I love the philosophy that there's no such thing as bad weather, just bad clothing and I've definitely tried to adopt it for my lot here on the farm. You can see from all the smiles that the time playing the snow was great fun no matter what the temperature was.
I guess you had lot of fun in Finland, even though sub-zero degrees. But I have a little out-of-topic guestion: In which language she's talking with her grandparents and other relatived? Does she start to use more Finnish when you are in Finland?
While we were in Finland she was a bit funny and would speak to them in English. She understood things said in Finnish though. It wasn't really until after the holiday that she has finally started to properly speak Finnish too, and forming good sentences. Maybe she was encouraged while there? Or perhaps just got the hang of it during the holiday and felt finally comfortable enough when we got back?
Wow that is cold! My wife wouldn't venture out in that temp, she is freezing constantly. Think I would love to see what it was like though.
Thank you :) And yes, balaclavas... I hated them as a kid, but I gotta say they are far the most practical hat you can get your kid to wear!
Oops sorry wrong linky... came from #countrykids!!
Layering is the most important thing really!
There will always be rainy or snowy days where it's not possible to play outside. But that shouldn't limit your energetic activities! Allow it to encourage you to enjoy the good weather.


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⇑ back to "Culture"
My Response to Ellen Degeneres Calling Me Out on National TV
5:00PM EST 1/16/2015	 Larry Tomczak
Ellen DeGeneres at the People's Choice Awards (Danny Moloshock/Reuters)
Yesterday morning I awoke to discover you spoke to me directly on your nationally syndicated, award-winning talk show. I was stunned and humbled because I believe you are such an incredibly gifted comedian with a God-given gift to entertain and make people feel genuinely valued.
You also have a megawatt smile that simply makes people feel happy. You concluded your remarks to me and the audience by saying, "The only way I'm trying to influence people is to be more kind and compassionate with one another." That's one of my goals as well, and in that same spirit, can I appeal to you to consider some thoughts although we share different worldviews?
Contrary to what many may think having heard some quotes from my article, I approach you not as an angry, mean-spirited "fundamentalist," but rather in a spirit of humility as a would-be friend. I'd love to chat with you one day over a cup of coffee.
You once said, "Stay true to yourself. Never follow someone else's path unless you're in the woods and you're lost and you see a path." Years ago I really was lost, playing in a band ironically called "The Lost Souls," but I found a path of redemption in a personal relationship with Jesus Christ. Forty-five years later I continue to follow Him and His revolutionary teachings. What I share with you is out of a commitment to be a faithful servant who upholds those teachings.
You were raised Christian Scientist and maybe you saw similar blemishes that I did and still do in the Christian church. I admit we've unfortunately fallen far short in our testimony due to divorce, hypocrisy, scandals and uncharitable attitudes in our ranks. In the area of sexuality, we're all broken and have temptations and struggles to overcome. I sincerely want to help people by being authentic and a part of a generation not imposing but rather proposing a better way that really does lead to peace, freedom, stability and long-term happiness.
To give you a glimpse into my life, a while back my friend John wrestled with his sexual identity until he found the path to wholeness and healing in Christ. We walked the journey together as he battled the ravages of AIDS.
I listened, encouraged and reassured him, along with his precious daughter, prior to his premature death. Later I was able to take care of his memorial service in a way that I trust inspired all of his former gay friends who attended to reflect on his life and theirs.
Ellen, hasn't the time arrived for everyone involved in this dialogue on gay-related issues to lower our voices and approach one another with respect and civility even though we have our differences? I know there's a lot of shouting and accusation and name-calling on all sides of the gay debate, but how about you and I model something positive?
Let me put you to the test. Even though you'll probably disagree passionately on what I say, can you grant me the freedom to be forthright with you and faithful to biblical teaching for which I'll one day give an account?
Okay, here goes.
You said, "I don't have an agenda!" If I was sitting across from you right now, you might give me a fist bump along with a wink and a nod in telling me that was just a joke.
Where I cited you "celebrating your lesbianism" you said, "I don't know what it means to celebrate my lesbianism!" Then you quickly added, "I guess I do" and "I'm gay!"
Remember the premise of my article was that Hollywood has a definite gay agenda and you're aligned with it. In 1997 you were on the cover of Time magazine declaring "Yes, I'm Gay" after declaring it on your sitcom.
You're an outspoken representative for the Human Rights Campaign "Coming Out Project" and member of the advocacy group PFLAG (Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays).
In the quote you shared on TV I want to reassure you that I never thought or implied that you were trying to purposefully influence young girls into lesbianism. Instead, my point was that, as an out and proud lesbian woman—probably the best-known and most-loved in the world—you wield tremendous influence over these girls, and your influence is decidedly pro-lesbian. Wouldn't you agree?
Also, when you say you "don't have an agenda," I understand you are a committed vegan who promotes the lifestyle on your website and encourages adopting turkeys rather then eating them at Thanksgiving; you stand strongly for animal rights by having the Humane Society leaders on your show along with once being PETA's "Woman of the Year"; plus, you promote and raise funds for Transcendental Meditation.
I don't begrudge you these involvements indicative of your personal agenda, I only appeal that you shoot straight, OK?
Secondly, you said that "Larry is watching a lot of gay TV" because I cited a partial list of television programming with gay characters. Truth be known, I don't watch much TV at all, let alone gay TV, but you sure don't need to search very far to understand what I called this "avalanche" today.
Regarding my suggestion that responsible parents take advantage of wholesome classic shows to supplement their TV viewing, you got some laughs by mocking this idea and then jokingly portrayed Lucy and Ethel as possible lesbians.
Being 56 years old, childless and with your third "partner," you may not understand the awesome responsibility it is to shape impressionable and vulnerable children. I've done it with children and grandchildren plus helped parents for over 42 years with this most challenging task.
You once said, "I don't need a baby growing inside me for nine months. If I'm going to feel nauseous and achy when I wake up, I want to achieve that state the old-fashioned way—getting drunk the night before!"
Ellen, those of us raising children and grandchildren make lots of responsible choices to ensure the little ones entrusted to our care become productive, healthy individuals. In that spirit of kindness and compassion you advocate, give us the space we need here.
Finally, and this will probably be your biggest test with what I share, you obviously disagreed with the fact that I referred to your "marriage" in quotation marks. I am not trying to be offensive, yet appeal that you recognize that truth can offend the sensibilities of those choosing to reject it.
Ellen, a nation rises or falls on marriage. If we dismantle this pillar of society, as it has existed for over 5,000 years of Western civilization and redefine it to accommodate other arrangements such as yours (or those advocating for polyamorous, polygamous or other configurations), what will be the consequences for this sacred institution and the future of our nation?
The true Christian church must stand as a "sign of contradiction" amid ever-changing cultural trends. With kindness and courage we must remain faithful to the truth, whether it is popular or not. We must honor a higher law than man, just as Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. expressed in his classic "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" and is magnificently portrayed in the film Selma.
In his song "Mercy" Bono stated that love is "charity and brings with it a clarity." So let me close by submitting to you with charity and clarity that marriage is and throughout history has always been the union of a man and a woman, regardless of what the courts say and regardless of how much you and Portia feel affection for each other.
Here are just five of many reasons why gay "marriage" is morally wrong and cannot be called a righteous, authentic marital union.
1) It violates the clear and unambiguous moral teaching of the Scriptures, which serve as the basis for our Judeo-Christian laws and foundations as a nation.
2) It is contradictory to the self-evident truths of "Mother Nature" or "Nature's God" (as our Founding Fathers expressed it) wherein men and women are designed and function differently, complement and complete each other and through the wonder of marital union are able to procreate to perpetuate the human race.
3) It is contrary to the explicit teaching of every major world religion, which upholds the integrity of marriage and family.
4) It is an injustice and unequivocably harmful arrangement wherein our most precious entrustment, our children, are denied the love and nurture of a father and a mother who complement each other in a healthy family.
5) It redefines and devalues the sacred institution of marriage exclusively between a man and a woman, opens the floodgates for other arrangements and legitimizes a lifestyle replete with dangerous, at-risk sexual behavior, such as HIV/AIDS and over 30 STDs that are endangering lives, jeopardizing healthcare and impacting our economy.
There are multiple times in the Hebrew-Christian Bible where homosexual behavior is explicitly prohibited as dishonoring to God and natural order plus destructive to those involved with them. Scripture throughout forbids us to be sexually involved with:
• Another person's spouse
• Deceased
• Same-sex
Ellen, thank you for opening up this door of communication and for hearing my perspective. Thank you also for demonstrating the kindness and compassion in this interchange that you try to bring to millions through your influence today.
Larry Tomczak
Larry Tomczak is a best-selling author and cultural commentator with more than 41 years of trusted ministry experience. His passion is to bring perspective, analysis and insight from a biblical worldview (see 'Is Gay OK? 10 Things Everyone Needs to Know' now on YouTube). He loves awakening people to today's cultural realities and responses needed for a restored, influential church. Please visit larrytomczak.com.
RELATED TOPICS: Christian | Christians | Culture | Gay agenda | Gay marriage | Gay rights | Homosexuality | Relationship | Relationships | Religion | Same-Sex Marriage

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While the digitizer is an amazing piece of technology, it does have its downsides- namely, the fact that if your touch screen becomes damaged, then the digitizer will likely need replacing too. This repair is very important because an iPhone with a broken digitizer is nearly un-usable. Most broken digitizers are caused by dropped iPhones, however they have also been known to stop working spontaneously. Signs of this include a very slow response from your touchscreen, areas of the screen not picking up movements, or apps opening and closing themselves seemingly at random.
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I organised a surprise dinner for my partner's birthday at Stroudover Cottage, and Patrick went out of his way to make the night special. The accommodation was extremely comfortable set in a quintessential Australian landscape, but the hi-light was the dinner. As a creative Chef who delights in creating a menu based on the likes and dislikes of his clientele, the meal was beautifully presented, superbly cooked and a delight to the taste buds. It proved to be an experience that we will not forget and worth every penny. If you are at all interested in food or would like to experience haute cuisine in a private setting, Stroudover Cottage is a unique 'not to be missed' experience in the Bega Valley.
My husband and I came here for a weekend away with another couple and our three dogs. House: well-presented with a fully equipped kitchen, fantastic woodstove and comfortable beds. You get the feeling that everything has been thought of and the host, Patrick, had even prepared electric blankets for us. Food: We ordered the breakfast hamper which was delightful and well worth the money. Each item was locally sourced and made on site, including award-winning jams. Stand-outs were the apple juice, speck bacon, quark and peach yoghurt. We ordered the three course meal which was undoubtedly one of the best meals in our lifetimes – even better than a lot of hatted restaurants. Patrick served us so nicely and explained the ingredients and how certain dishes were made. Incredible attention to detail and divine flavours. Dogs: there was plenty of space for our puppers to run around and the whole area was well fenced. They were allowed indoors and additionally got to play with Patrick's friendly dogs too! Thank you very much for your outstanding hospitality, Patrick. See you again for our next visit!
Patrick is a man who understands pleasure. His cooking is nuanced, technical, fun and a very deliberate feast for all the senses. He understands the importance of anticipation, and of feeling special – getting to know the person who has so clearly poured themselves into making you the best meal of your life!
We enjoyed the $200 per person menu and it was worth more.
The accommodation is comfortable and unassuming – perfect for falling into bed after a religious dining experience with not a care in the world.
Breakfast was delicious – how we found more room for food was a miracle, and all the while our dogs played outdoors in a securely fenced 2 acres.
A stay at Stroudover has to count as one of the most delightful experiences imaginable. My husband and I, along with two dear friends, had an overnight stay there last night. It was our third visit and the first for our friends. We requested a four course meal from Patrick and also ordered the Stroudover breakfast. The location is superb, the cottage is comfortable and equipped with everything anyone could possible want, Patrick's cooking is as good as and often better than we have experienced in three hatted restaurants, and his ability to make one feel at home and relaxed is a rare gift. I could go on with more superlatives but suffice it to say that a visit to Stroudover is unique – we will return as will our friends. I might add that our dog also enjoyed his visit!
I booked the truffle degustation as a surprise for my husbands 30th birthday. Everything about the Stroudover experience was sensational. The cottage is beautiful and it takes no time at all to settle in and feel right at home. The food was nothing short of exceptional. All of the little details have been considered. It was beautiful, theatrical and downright delicious. Patrick and Heike are wonderful hosts and strike the perfect balance between being attentive without being overbearing. It was an indulgent break that we will never forget and look forward to doing all over again in the not too distant future. We couldn't recommend the Stroudover cottage experience more highly.
Generally, my wife and I do not do reviews. In our opinion the critique of food is not something that lends itself easily to the rigours of good scientific examination, and as such it is a very subjective business. We were however moved to put pen to paper after our experience at Stroudover Cottage with great friends from Bemboka.
Patrick is not merely another superb chef. He is a food artist, a charming host, with unsurpassed knowledge of his trade, who takes loving, meticulous and precise care of the best produce, and his guests. Every single thing on the night was wonderful. I am sure Patrick could take any food item on the planet and turn it into something out of this world. I may have to bring him a real challenge one day, like beche de mer. OK we are writing this some six months after we dined. The evening did leave a lasting memory and just writing about it…we can almost taste it again. We may not remember everything, as the great food was accompanied by quite a bit of fine wine, great company, and lots of laughter, and we are not trained or respected food critics. We do however very much enjoy fine food, we do know what we like, and we can appreciate the enormous effort Patrick went to during the planning of the event, and the superb craftsmanship he demonstrated in the execution of his dream for us. There can be no mistake. Stroudover is a little gem in the middle of nowhere, which has left us with only delightful memories. We are travelling there again all the way from Perth in a months time. I have of course insisted on the duck again, but we have basically left the menu to Patrick. We know we are in the best of hands.
The 5½ hour drive was of no importance. When we arrived at Patrick's clean well-presented place we were immediately welcomed and our dégustation, par excellence, commenced.
As our French themed meals began, thoughts of Heston Blumenthal's Fat Duck or Shannon Bennett's Vue de Monde, or even El Bulli, passed through our minds [having dined at the last two]. But no, this was Bemboka and this was personalised service at only our table. Meals unfolded with smoking cheeses etc., and on it went, 5 stars to Patrick.
Who would have thought that you could find an amazing dining experience 9 kilometres up a dirt road from Bemboka down the South Coast of New South Wales? Last Saturday we booked for a special truffle dinner and an overnight stay in a purpose-built B&B on a small farm property near Bemboka called Stroudover Cottage. Chef Patrick prepared a wonderfully creative degustation menu that, in my opinion, rivalled the best restaurants in Sydney such as Tetsuya's and Est and also a bunch of Michelin starred restaurants in France. The dishes were extremely creative and so beautifully presented that it was difficult to destroy the art on every plate by having to eat them! Patrick's interesting selection of ingredients made every course an adventure for the palate, while maintaining a menu that would likely appeal to most customers. Thank you Patrick for a unique and wonderful evening! We'll be back next winter for another great truffle event!
We have stayed at Stroudover Cottage several times in recent years visiting family in the area and will do so again. Patrick and Heike have equipped the cottage with all you need for a warm, comfortable and cosy stay. It's a very quiet, pretty and peaceful setting. The furnishings and decorations are really nice and we enjoyed the fire in the colder weather. Plenty of room for 4 people and the cottage has really good cooking facilities and equipment. Not much in Bemboka in the way of groceries at the moment so shop up before you come or talk to Patrick about what you need.
I really don't know how to say a big enough thank you for my wonderful 70th Birthday dinner last night. It was just out of this world. As you know I spent 39 years travelling the world with BA and eating in wonderful restaurants and even on the Royal Yacht Britannia in Jakarta when I was on the Queen's flight, and nothing matches up to what you produced last night. I am so glad that my brother and sister-in-law thought of this idea as a present for me. It is difficult when you live on opposite sides of the world to send presents, but this one left me totally speechless (no mean feat!!). The photographs have all come out well and I can't wait to share my wonderful memories with all my friends when I get back to UK… …I so enjoyed your company with your dry wit and sense of happiness. Your culinary skills are just beautiful. Thank you for sharing everything with us. I think all three of us were totally spellbound watching you create your masterpieces. It is the first time I have not talked through a meal but was happy to just watch you being creative. I am hoping I will be back again next year and can persuade [my brother] to bring me back. Thank you again.
What an amazing week we had at Stroudover. The location is quiet, rural, surrounded by lovely tree covered hills. The cabin, perfectly formed, with all the mod cons, and a cosy wood fire. Our dog children had an amazing time, and miss the red-setters already! The dog-proof fencing all around the property meant our girls could run free without us giving it a second thought. And, of course, the truffle dinner was spectacular, all nine courses! We have never had our own private chef cook in front of us before. You are truly exceptional, Patrick! We quite simply did not want to leave, and will be back as soon as possible.
Just spent a fabulous long weekend at this fantastic cottage learning many cooking techniques and then eating the wonderful recipes that had been lovingly compiled for us to enjoy. Many thanks to Patrick for being so free with his expertise and time. I would have no hesitation in recommending this experience to anyone.
I desperately needed a bit of time to chill out after a very hard year, I could not have chosen a better place than Stroudover Cottage. After a pleasant 6 hour drive from Sydney down the Princess Highway, enjoying the spectacular scenery, I arrive just after sunset. My irritating Satnav was more than compensated for by the delightful and helpful proprietor Patrick who seemed more than happy to jump in his car and guide me to my cottage, after I missed the turnoff by a few hundred meters. The cottage was spotless, inviting, well designed and had all the comforts that I was looking for. Enjoying cooking, I was astounded to find the best equipped kitchen I had ever encountered at a holiday location. The surroundings were magnificent, and I enjoyed waking to the green hills surrounding the place. My hosts were as pleasant and helpful as anyone could hope for, nothing was too much for them. I even had the fortune of being presented with some of Patricks incredibly delicious and creative food, worth the journey itself! I commend Stroudover to everyone as a great place to spend a few days relaxing and enjoying oneself. Being a legitimate pet friendly destination made the place even more enjoyable for me and my ridgeback.
Thank you Patrick for a wonderful weekend. It truly is a unique spot. We were most impressed firstly with the cottage itself, the wonderful gourmet dinner and of course the inner workings of the sausage making course. We would recommend the whole experience to everyone. Thanks.
Thanks to you both for making our first trip away (with the kids) [two adorable Husky pups] a very memorable one. I appreciate and admire your attention to detail – the little extras did not go un-noticed and truly made it for me. It is the small things in life my mum always told me that really count. Your property alone sold us, the cleanliness, the furniture, the bedding, the finishing touches and not to mention the outstanding view and the amazing sense of calm within the wonderful nature strip, a splendid stay, the best Bemboka has to offer!
Thanks so much for such a wonderful stay. Not only did we have a good catch-up with our uncle but [we] feel that we had a break too…loved the cheese, particularly the blues, my idea of Heaven. Good cheese, wine, a warm fire and friendship! What more could one ask for?
Many thanks for a memorable weekend. The cooking experience was great…I never expected that you would give us the benefits of your expertise for the whole day. We will be extolling the virtues of Stroudover to all our friends and look forward to visiting you again soon.
What a great weekend. Patrick and Heike were fabulous hosts at this unique venue. The accommodation was perfect. All facilities state of the art. Nothing left to chance. Great guest gifts of homemade seasonal preserves, jams and breakfast muesli. Perfect for your loved animals to be safe and sound, but not limited to animal friendly guests. I would happily return.
A very comfortable cottage in a peaceful location with panoramic views of the beautiful nearby ranges. As you would expect from the owner, a professional chef, the pantry is full of goodies and there is plenty of room in the kitchen to whip up your own gourmet meal. The kitchen even comes with a coffee machine. Combine all this with a very comfortable sofa and luxurious king size bed and you are in for a very relaxing stay.
We could not let the marvelous evening we had at Stroudover Cottage go without passing on to you both our thanks and appreciation for a wonderful dinner excellently cooked and presented.The dinner was equally supported by a very enjoyable night spent in your cottage with post card mountain views from the windows. Once again thanks for your efforts which we greatly enjoyed.
Had a lovely stay at Stroudover. Patrick and Heike have thought of everything you'd need to make you comfortable and have fitted the cottage out to a really high standard. Warm welcome and comfy bed make for a restful stay. Don't be put off by the mention of the dirt road – it wasn't a problem at all and only a short distance anyway. Would be a great place to bring your dog for a quiet and peaceful getaway and do some lovely long walks.
What a night! Finally got to taste REAL truffle. AHHHHMAZING! All cooked by the genius that is Patrick Reubinson of Stroudover Cottage at Bemboka. We experienced 8 courses of absolute heaven and all the the comfort of the beautiful little cottage which was our nights accommodation. Even better our furbabies got to come with us as well and curl up in front of the fire.
Absolutely would recommend all foodies experience a night at Stroudover, for special occasions or even better, just for the hell of it. Patrick, thank you so much for such a lovely weekend. It was wonderful to spend time in the company of someone who is both passionate about food and such a good (and patient!) teacher.
Chris and I had a terrific time foraging and then preparing the results. And the meal last night - wow!
We're already looking forward to our next visit. Bliss!
A wonderful way to experience truffle dining! Four of us stayed in the very comfortable Stroudover Cottage and enjoyed a delicious multi-course truffle dinner prepared for us right there in the kitchen by Chef Patrick. Accompanied by our own selection of fine wines we were treated to a sumptuous feast. Later we settled in front of the cosy fire for an after dinner tipple without having to think about traveling home. This is a very good way to enjoy great food and wine in a relaxed and comfortable way without the bother of driving home!
Thank you both so very much for what was the most relaxing, enjoyable and tremendously educative weekend we have had in many, many years. We had not long been back from a month in Asia which was incredible but very busy, so to come back to Aus and experience the peace and tranquillity of Bemboka along with your exceedingly generous hospitality was just what we needed. We took in the splendid views, enjoyed stimulating conversation over a glass or two of wine and watched Patrick dabble in Sous Vide Cookery and demonstrate the art of cheesemaking. The Triple cream brie should be just about right to open this weekend! The cottage itself was a supremely comfortable and spacious retreat with absolutely everything you could possible want within reach. The pantry was full, the fridge boasted fresh chicken and duck eggs along with homemade sausages and bacon not to mention the loaf of fresh crusty bread that was handed to us wrapped in a towel still hot! Hmm I can still smell it! Awesome. Highly recommend Stroudover to everyone and seriously challenge you not to have a good time, it would be impossible.
We had a fabulously fantastic weekend at Stroudover. With welcoming hosts, a warming fire and scenic views we were relaxed at once. With the wonderful canapés and champagne on the Friday night, we thought it could not get any better. With two days of meeting those who grew the food and foraging for our vegetables and nuts and seafood and cooking classes we had an absolute blast. An amazing Vindaloo with Pilaf rice on Saturday night, we were starting to think we did not want to leave. We have learnt a great deal about cooking techniques that we are looking forward to trying out on our friends and family. Generous with time, food and knowledge. Sunday night we still cannot believe the incredible four course meal that we helped make... We have the photos to prove it to our friends and family! We appreciate all your generous knowledge and patience with us in the Kitchen. We also got to take away some great tips for training our dog who is now starting to respond to hand commands! Extremely good value for money and would highly recommend anyone to visit, I have no doubt Patrick and Heike can accommodate the fussiest of requirements to make your weekend perfect.


Writing a GTK+ custom widget with Vala is easy. First all create an XML definition with a top level container widget and a set of child ones. You can use Glade to do so. This is not a tutorial for Glade, so let start at with an already designed template UI file.
The top level widget's type must be the same of the one your Vala class is derived from.
The top level widget in your UI file must be declared as a template and should have the same ID as your class, this is the C name, a class called Cust.DateChooser, should be called CustDateChooser in order to allow Vala's compiler to find its UI definition.
The child widgets, to be controlled by your class should have an ID.
Take in account all these for following delivers.


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Certainly one of by far the most frequent electrical wiring queries is regarding how to wire a switch. Even though utilizing switches at home is sort of effortless, wiring 1 may well not be that simple for everybody. An ON-OFF switch is in fact quite simple to wire. There are several types of switches, but for this instance, let's say you are installing a single-pole toggle switch, a really typical change (along with the easiest).
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The luxurious fashion maison Mr & Mrs Italy has striking furs as its trademark. Present in almost every garment and accessory of the brand, the colourful textures add a spin to any outfit. This black padded gilet from Mr & Mrs Italy features a fur trimmed hood, a sleeveless design, a concealed fastening, a drawstring waist, two front pockets, a drawstring hem and patches to the front and to the rear.


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HomeArchives2002-11-novemberElton John World News: "Dark Diamond" goes with a Bang(alore)
Elton John World News: "Dark Diamond" goes with a Bang(alore)
"Dark Diamond" goes with a Bang(alore)-- Posted by This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
After Elton, Indian fans complain at low quality of local acts
Sunday 3 November 2002 @ 10:15 - GMT
Elton fans lapped up a concert in Bangalore, India, on November 2, 2002, and then complained that Indian performers simply can't match the British pop star's global appeal, reported Agence France-Presse on November 3, 2002.
More than 20,000 Elton fans turned up for the concert in the grounds of a British-style palace in this southern Indian city, and many said the performance highlighted the sorry plight of the country's music industry.
"It is a sad state of affairs," said Sanjeev Dange, a businessman.
"There is no comparison between him and our singers. Elton John is a diamond while Indian singers are only gold.
"There is actually no basis for comparison. The Western music is original and here in our movies we copy all their tunes," Dange told AFP.
Elton sang 28 songs, including his greatest hits Nikita, I'm Still Standing, Circle of Life and Sacrifice, while playing his custom-made piano.
Kunal Dewan, a student, said no Indian musician could bring off such a performance with just one instrument.
"He is so good with the piano and has a great voice and the lyrics are better than most I have heard," Dewan said.
"I can relate to Sacrifice, which is my most favourite. In India we have none who can play a piano with such elan as Elton John does."
Pramod Naidu, an advertising executive, said he went to the concert to get away from the "rubbish" tunes featured in India's Hindi movies.
"It is a great relief to sit back and listen to Elton John. Though I like Beatles and Boney M this setting and audience is hard to find in India. It is a great relief from those rubbish tunes of late which our movies have," Naidu said.
The complete set list of the Bangalore show, November 2, 2002:
The Greatest Discovery
Ballad Of The Boy In The Red Shoes
Honky Cat
Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters
I Want Love
Philadelphia Freedom
Candle In The Wind
Carla-Etude
Take Me To The Pilot
Bennie And The Jets


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"Both of my daughters are vegetarians. I developed this simple recipe for them to let them enjoy Hoppin' John. It can be used as a base for additional ingredients according to personal preference. This recipe was submitted to the Harvard College Dining Services and was selected as a vegetarian option for the student dining halls."
Bring broth and rice to a boil in a saucepan. Reduce heat to medium-low, cover, and simmer until the rice is tender and liquid has been absorbed, 20 to 25 minutes.
Heat olive oil in a pot over medium-high heat. Saute onion in hot oil until translucent, 5 to 7 minutes. Stir rice, black-eyed peas, and Cajun seasoning into onion, cover the pot with a lid, and cook until flavors blend, about 10 minutes.
Rejoice, poor college students! Rejoice! A very cheap, but filling, and very healthy dish thats incredibly easy to make! I can't recommend it enough.
This is really good! I added red bell pepper with the onions. Upped the Cajun seasoning to 1 tsp. Perfect for Vegetarian guests or would work nicely as a side dish or healthy lunch. Thanks!
I made it. I added some Slap yo Mama and it was perfect!!


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Awards Grand Master Award About the Grand Master Award
CWC established the Grand Master Award in 2014 to recognize a Canadian crime writer with a substantial body of work who has garnered national and international recognition.
The Grand Master is chosen by a jury chosen by the Chair of Crime Writers of Canada, with advice from the board. The award is presented biennially, alternating with the Derrick Murdoch Award.
Click here for the Grand Masters


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North Dakota Zip Codes
Barnes County
Fingal, ND
Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010
City: Fingal
State: ND [North Dakota]
Counties: BARNES, ND
City Alias(es): Fingal
POPULATION BY SEX AND AGE
Total 2010 Census Population for ZIP Code 58031 414 100.0%
55 to 59 years 54 13.0%
85 years and over 6 1.4%
62 years and over 64 15.5%
Male population of ZIP Code 58031 207 50.0%
Under 5 years 9 2.2%
Female population of ZIP Code 58031 207 50.0%
What is the Population of ZIP Code 58031 414 100.0%
One Race 413 99.8%
White 405 97.8%
White; American Indian and Alaska Native [3] 1 0.2%
White; Asian [3] 0 0.0%
White; Black or African American [3] 0 0.0%
White; Some Other Race [3] 0 0.0%
HISPANIC OR LATINO POPULATION FOR ZIP Code 58031
Total population 414 100.0%
Other Hispanic or Latino [5] 1 0.2%
Not Hispanic or Latino 412 99.5%
Hispanic or Latino 2 0.5%
White alone 2 0.5%
Black or African American alone 0 0.0%
American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 0.0%
Asian alone 0 0.0%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%
Some Other Race alone 0 0.0%
White alone 403 97.3%
The Population of ZIP Code 58031 414 100.0%
In households 414 100.0%
Spouse [6] 106 25.6%
Own child under 18 years 92 22.2%
Male 0 0.0%
Female 0 0.0%
Total households for ZIP Code 58031 171 100.0%
Family households (families) [7] 122 71.3%
With own children under 18 years 50 29.2%
Husband-wife family 106 62.0%
Male householder, no wife present 8 4.7%
Female householder, no husband present 8 4.7%
Nonfamily households [7] 49 28.7%
Male 27 15.8%
Female 18 10.5%
Households with individuals under 18 years 52 30.4%
Average household size of ZIP Code 58031 2.42 ( X )
Average family size for ZIP Code 58031 [7] 2.9 ( X )
Vacant housing units 34 16.6%
For rent 4 2.0%
Rented, not occupied 1 0.5%
For sale only 8 3.9%
Sold, not occupied 0 0.0%
All other vacants 17 8.3%
Homeowner vacancy rate (percent) [8] 5 ( X )
Rental vacancy rate (percent) [9] 17.4 ( X )
Population in owner-occupied housing units 376 ( X )
Average household size of owner-occupied units 2.46 ( X )
Population in renter-occupied housing units 38 ( X )
Average household size of renter-occupied units 2.11 ( X )
[1] Other Asian alone, or two or more Asian categories.
[2] Other Pacific Islander alone, or two or more Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander categories.
[3] One of the four most commonly reported multiple-race combinations nationwide in Census 2000.
[4] In combination with one or more of the other races listed. The six numbers may add to more than the total population, and the six percentages may add to more than 100 percent because individuals may report more than one race.
[5] This category is composed of people whose origins are from the Dominican Republic, Spain, and Spanish-speaking Central or South American countries. It also includes general origin responses such as "Latino" or "Hispanic."
[6] "Spouse" represents spouse of the householder. It does not reflect all spouses in a household. Responses of "same-sex spouse" were edited during processing to "unmarried partner."
[7] "Family households" consist of a householder and one or more other people related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption. They do not include same-sex married couples even if the marriage was performed in a state issuing marriage certificates for same-sex couples. Same-sex couple households are included in the family households category if there is at least one additional person related to the householder by birth or adoption. Same-sex couple households with no relatives of the householder present are tabulated in nonfamily households. "Nonfamily households" consist of people living alone and households which do not have any members related to the householder.
[8] The homeowner vacancy rate is the proportion of the homeowner inventory that is vacant "for sale." It is computed by dividing the total number of vacant units "for sale only" by the sum of owner-occupied units, vacant units that are "for sale only," and vacant units that have been sold but not yet occupied; and then multiplying by 100.
[9] The rental vacancy rate is the proportion of the rental inventory that is vacant "for rent." It is computed by dividing the total number of vacant units "for rent" by the sum of the renter-occupied units, vacant units that are "for rent," and vacant units that have been rented but not yet occupied; and then multiplying by 100.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census.


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Critical Metals/Other Metals
Management Q&A
Cultivating Lithium Interest in Japan
Source: Lithium Investing News, Dave Brown��(6/16/10)
"Japan follows South Korea's lead in pursuit of lithium."
Less than a week after a South Korean investment group pledged $15 million in a joint venture (JV) and feasibility study in an Argentinean salar, a Japanese company is following suit. Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC) has agreed to invest $4 million in a JV with American Lithium Minerals, Inc. in the Borate Hills Project. This move on the part of Asian companies to secure a reliable lithium supply by developing projects in foreign lithium deposits is of great interest. The differences of the two projects are notable; however, the underlying value of the resource potential is also apparent via the strong continued appetite for lithium.
The Korean group elected to invest in a lithium brine deposit within the region of the only commercial lithium-producing salar in Argentina and the source of approximately 10% of the world's production of lithium. Subsurface brines have become the dominant raw material for lithium carbonate production worldwide because of lower production costs compared with the mining and processing costs for hard-rock ores.
The more recently announced Japanese JV involves a boron and lithium mineralization contained in strata-bound formations that are a combination of claystone and volcanic tuff in Nevada. During the mid-80s, this region of the United States was identified as the second-largest boron deposit in the country, and is resident to lithium values with an extent of 1.5 miles and thicknesses of up to 1,300 feet.
Both joint ventures are composed of a North American mineral exploration company teamed with an Asian partnership.
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Professor Craig Simmons
Matthew Flinders Distinguished Professor
National Centre for Groundwater Research & Training
HDR supervision
craig.simmons@flinders.edu.au
place Information Science & Technology (316)
Distinguished Professor Craig Simmons FTSE is a leading groundwater scientist, recognised for major contributions to groundwater science, science leadership, education and policy reform.
Craig is Matthew Flinders Distinguished Professor of Hydrogeology, Schultz Chair in the Environment at Flinders University and Foundation Director of the ARC National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training. From July 2020 he is seconded to the Australian Research Council in the role of Executive Director for Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences. Prior to this appointment he was Pro Vice-Chancellor (Strategic Research Projects) at Flinders University.
Within Australia Craig is an Honorary Professor at The Australian National University (ANU), a member of the Australian Government's Statutory Independent Expert Scientific Committee on Coal Seam Gas and Large Coal Mining Development (IESC) and chairs the Alligator Rivers Region Technical Committee (ARRTC). Internationally he is a member of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Roundtable on Unconventional Hydrocarbon Development.
Craig is a Fellow of both the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering (ATSE) and the American Geophysical Union (AGU). His work has been recognised by numerous national and international research and teaching awards including the Anton Hales Medal for outstanding contributions to research in the Earth Sciences awarded by the Australian Academy of Science, and an Australian Award for University Teaching.
In 2015 Craig was named South Australian Scientist of the Year, and in 2017 he was awarded Australian Water Professional of the Year. He is a 2017 Convocation Medallist of Flinders University and 2017 Biennial Medallist of the Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand.
He has served and/or continues to serve as an Editor and Associate Editor for numerous major international journals including Water Resources Research, Journal of Hydrology, Hydrogeology Journal, Groundwater, Australasian Journal of Water Resources, Vadose Zone Journal, Geofluids and Heliyon.
GAICD Graduate, Australian Institute of Company Directors (2013, Australian Institute of Company Directors)
PhD in Science: Hydrogeology (1997, Flinders University/CSIRO)
BSc Double Major in Theoretical and Experimental Physics (1994, University of Adelaide)
BE Electrical and Electronic Engineering with First Class Honours (1993, University of Adelaide)
2021 Fellow, American Geophysical Union (AGU)
2020 Editors' Choice article, Hydrogeology Journal, Springer Nature
2020 Foreign Academy Distinguished Lecturer, Nanjing University, China
2017 Convocation Medallist, Flinders University
2017 Biennial Medallist, Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ)
2017 Fellow, Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (FMSSANZ)
2017 Australian Water Professional of the Year
2016 Premier's Water Medal for Water Professional of the Year SA
2015 South Australian Scientist of the Year
2014 Fellow, Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering (FTSE)
2013 Finalist, Australian Museum's Eureka Prize for Leadership in Science
2013 Water Industry Alliance Smart Water Award in Leadership
2013 American Society of Civil Engineers Best Paper Award
2011 Flinders University Researcher of the Year
2011 Fellow, Royal Society of South Australia
2011 Australian Academy of Science, Anton Hales Medal for Distinguished Research in the Earth Sciences
2008 Staff Award for Outstanding Contribution to Flinders University
2007 American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2007 Editors' Citation for Excellence in Refereeing for Water Resources Research
2005 – 2006 Tall Poppy Science Award, Australian Institute of Policy & Science
2002 Australian Award for University Teaching
2002 Distinguished Lecturer, Fred L. and Frances J. Oliver Centennial Lectureship in Texas Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Texas at Austin
Executive Director for Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences at the Australian Research Council.
Supervisory interests
Groundwater hydrology
Groundwater modelling
Higher degree by research supervision
Principal supervisor: Groundwater hydrology (2)
Associate supervisor: Groundwater hydrology (4)
Principal supervisor: Groundwater hydrology (14)
Associate supervisor: Groundwater hydrology (13)
2021 – United Nations World Water Development Report (WWDR) 2022 – Groundwater: Making the Invisible Visible.
2019 – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report.
2019 – United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) World Water Quality Alliance Groundwater Committee.
2017 – International Steering Committee, The Groundwater Project.
2017 – Core Group, Groundwater Solutions Initiative for Policy and Practice (GRIPP).
2015 – U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Roundtable on Unconventional Hydrocarbon Development.
2018 – Chair, Alligator Rivers Region Technical Committee (ARRTC).
2016 – National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Water Quality Advisory Committee.
2012 – Independent Expert Scientific Committee on Coal Seam Gas and Large Coal Mining Development (IESC).
Expert for media contact
Minerals/Mining
Available for contact via
Or contact the media team
newsdesk@flinders.edu.au
MEDIA AND EDITORIAL BOARDS
SCIENTIST IN RESIDENCE – THE ADVERTISER
2015 – Scientist in Residence at The Advertiser
2016 – Advertiser Articles: Grounds for competitive advantage, Nuclear Reaction
EDITORIAL BOARDS – CURRENT
2020 – Editorial Board, Applied Sciences, MDPI's open access journal on all aspects of applied natural sciences.
2015 – Editorial Board, Australasian Journal of Water Resources, Engineers Australia Journal.
2008 – Associate Editor / Member of the Editorial Board of the international journal Groundwater, the official journal of the United States National Ground Water Association.


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June 11, 2019 February 17, 2020
Coercive state. This diplomacy is therefore an instrument
Management by admin
Coercive diplomacy is a threatdiplomacy whereby one of the actors threatens the other with repercussions,whether of a military, economic or social nature.
This diplomatic tacticinvolves using the threat of the war in Europe or launching a nuclear attack inexchange for ceding the requirements of the other state.This diplomacy is therefore aninstrument of prevention and management of conflicts before the conduct of aState that, otherwise, could end up causing a warlike confrontation in everyrule. The purpose of armed actions is to intimidate and influence rivalpolitical decision-makers, not to destroy their military force. However, insome cases the level of force used can reach levels that make it difficult todraw a clear dividing line between coercive diplomacy and war. Coercive diplomacy succeeds when itgets the rival state to stop and reverse the political action that motivatedthe crisis.
Its failure can produce two types of scenarios: That the Stateobject of the coercive diplomacy does not give up in its attempt and ends upaccepting the ruining of the status quo and/or that the refusal gives rise toan open armed conflict.Therefore, the degree of success andfailure is measured in terms of the political results obtained and themagnitude of force used. The higher the level of violence, the process willhave less coercive diplomacy and more open armed conflict. But the finaloptions are not reduced to a triumph or an absolute fiasco. Throughout theprocess, the actors can modify their respective demands, reaching intermediateagreements that avoid a confrontation, and that satisfy to a greater or lesserextent the parties involved.
In the case of DPRK, attempts at diplomacy arestill happening and it is yet unsure how it will turn out in the end, becauseof DPRK's very sensitive case.The North Korean diplomacy line was theresult of the conflict between communism and capitalism during the Cold War,which established the diplomatic policy of the state.At the end of the Second World War,Korea gained its independence after decades of Japanese occupation and wantedto gain independence by using its allies during the war – the United States ofAmerica (USA), China, the Great Britain and the Soviet Union. The start of thenuclear program began in the 1960s, but it became worse after Russia and Chinadidn't support it. Leader Kim Jong-un now, chooses to apply the same tactic ashis predecessors, that of the nuclear development. North Korea's nuclearweapons drew concern of Europe and especially the United States. For thisreason, North Korean relations with the US and South Korea have deteriorated.
Furthermore, in the next years US seesNorth Korea's nuclear capabilities are aimed at deterrence, international prestigeand coercive diplomacy and acknowledges that they do not know what wouldmotivate the use of a nuclear weapon by the North Korean regime. Although theybelieve that DPRK would only try to use nuclear weapons against US forces ortheir allies to preserve Kim's regime, US does not know what it would take,from North Korea's perspective, to cross that threshold.It is very clear in what direction KimJong-un is moving forward: to have a full arsenal capable of keeping the UnitedStates at risk for deterrence, but also for coercive diplomacy. Therefore, oneof the tactics thought by the US military is to simultaneously reinforce thedefense network and the ability to attack, in the face of possible North Koreanprovocations, since in case one of its missiles reaches South Korean territoryit would cause great human losses. USA has over 20 thousand military staffstationed permanently in South Korea and carries out numerous militarymaneuvers with them.
Seoul and Washington argue that theirmilitary collaboration aims to confront the aggression of Pyongyang. In thisregard, the new US president, Donald Trump, and the interim president of SouthKorea, Hwang Kyo-Ahn, committed last January to "strengthen" theirjoint defense capacity. As stated in an article made by the US department ofstate: "The decision of President Donald Trump and President Moon Jae-in toregularize the Expanded Deterrence Strategy and Consultation Group (EDSCG), theforeign affairs and defense agencies of both countries have approved a newframework for the group and have committed to an EDSCG meeting in the nearfuture.
"1 Thismeans how the both allied countries are committed to deter North Korea. North Korea seeks to develop atomicweapons, it argues, in self-defense, although it has repeatedly threatened tolaunch a nuclear attack against South Korea and USA if the provocationscontinue as their united actions or the deployment of THAAD in South Korea.Since 2003, DPRK's nuclear program hasmultiplied nuclear tests with the aim of intimidating bordering countries.
Currently, in the framework of the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula,South Korea, China and the USA are expanding their communication. As the SouthKorean foreign minister mentions, by improving relations between these countries,would help denuclearize the peninsula.Experts mention that the United Stateshave in consideration to strike prudentially DPRK's nuclear facilities, becauseit would be a necessary thing to do until DPRK obtains a valuable ICBM.
Theproblem is that it would be hard to destroy some of North Korea's missileartillery that is targeting Japan and Seoul.Although North Korea's threats havebeen constant and there have been small conflicts, it is said that Pyongyangwould not have the power to support a nuclear attack against the US. There aresources that North Korea would not have the need for nuclear weapons by far toattack the US.
Korean propaganda during the Second World War and the Korean War had a different effect upon the Korean society
Social? and political ?grassroot ?movements today. If seen
People's Republic of China's Intervention in the Korean War of l950
How their own country in any international circumstances
Profile United Nations (UN) with the League of
Critical Review of Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb
In their interests to the interests of other
Nuclear Weapons as an Instrument
Buddha is smiling
How far was the decision to rollback past the 38th parallel a military and political blunder by the USA
LAMPEDO pillars were a stronger vice – chancellor
The downs syndrome. For disabled children the most


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+ Remove Azerbaijan filter Azerbaijan
NEWS SCAN: Hand gel underwhelms, intradermal flu vaccine, bioweapon-detection contract, Tamiflu for H5N1, public health grants, no thimerosal-autism link
HHS adds H5N1 clade 2.2 vaccine to stockpile
(CIDRAP News) – The US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has accepted the first batch of H5N1 avian influenza vaccine based on the H5N1 variant known as clade 2.2, which has spread most widely across Asia, Europe, and Africa.
Reports show difficulty of diagnosing H5N1 cases
(CIDRAP News) – Two new reports on human cases of H5N1 avian influenza that occurred in Turkey and Indonesia last year show that the illness proved difficult to diagnose, with many tests yielding false-negative results.
Global avian flu pledge money slow to arrive
(CIDRAP News) – Key global organizations that are fighting the battle against avian influenza may have to cut some programs, because only $286 million of the $1.9 billion pledged by 34 countries in January has been delivered, news services have reported.
China says ill woman is 10th human bird flu case there
(CIDRAP News) – A 36-year-old Chinese woman was in critical condition in Chengdu City, suffering from what the Chinese authorities announced today was the country's 10th human case of H5N1 avian flu, Agence France-Presse (AFP) reported.
The woman, whose surname is Cao, is from Sichaun province in southwest China, AFP noted. She fell ill on Jan 12; tests confirmed her H5N1 infection on Jan 17.
Tests confirm H5N1 in Turkey, H5 in Romania
(CIDRAP News) – The avian influenza virus long established in Southeast Asia has reached Europe's doorstep, with confirmation today that a lethal virus in Turkey is H5N1 and that an H5 strain in Romania is still being subtyped.


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People's Revolutionary Party (Spanish: Partido Revolucionario del Pueblo) is a small political party in Chile. The group has its origins in the Revolutionary Left Movement (Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria or MIR).

See also
 List of political parties in Chile

References

Defunct political parties in Chile

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia