Find Mining For Sale at Trade Earthmovers. Coal Basin Equipment. CALL 07 Comes with horizontal silos &1.25 cubic metre colloidal mixer never used.
Gold miners use a variety of different equipment to prospect for gold. This allows it to be used away from the water and often closer to the source of gold. They are an awesome piece of equipment for processing large volumes of gravel.
Oct 17, 2017 Gold Rush The Game is a Gold Mining Simulator loosely based off of as possible to upgrade your equipment to build a gold mining empire!
Looking for Prospecting Equipment at the best prices Top selections for Gold Panning, Dredges, Sluices, and more only at Kellyco.
gold mining equipment china her Plant Machine And Mining Equipment in China used gold mining equipment in china manufacturer in Shanghai, China. used Manufacturers and suppliers of innovative gold mining equipment for sale.
Larger gold mines are using Wave Tables to perform final gold clean ups and mining in africa and we would like to purchae such an equipment for our JOb.
The Gold Rush of the 1840s resulted in new equipment for mining precious metal. The Gold Stamps. Stamps were used in California gold mines around 1850.
Free 2day shipping on qualified orders over $35. Buy Stansport Gold Mining Kit at Walmart.com.
Find New & Used Mining Equipment for sale from Leading Suppliers Australia's Largest Machinery marketplace. Gold Member Used Delivers Nationally.


text:
York Region Skating Academy
CanSkate
Schedule Updates
Eva Najarro
Galina Lachter
Gregor Filipowski
Joanne McLeod
Nancy Holung
Tracey Wainman
Vesna Markovich
National Skaters
NCCP Level 3
Professional coach with more than 35 years experience
Graduated from University of Physical Education and Sport
Masters degree in Physical Education, Sport & Figure Skating
Former Head Coach of Olympic School for Gifted Children, USSR Odessa City
Galina has been with YRSA for over 5 years. She is a level 3 certified figure skating coach. Galina is a professional coach with more than 35 years experience. She graduated from University of Physical Education and Sport with a Masters degree in Physical Education, Sport & Figure Skating.
Galina is the Former Head Coach of Olympic School for Gifted Children, USSR Odessa City.
Effective Monday, November 16, 2020
As York Region is in the Red (Control) Zone, YRSA's Sunday CanSkate programs (9:30 am - 10:20 am; 11:00 am - 11:50 am) are cancelled.
Facility Update
The City of Richmond Hill has approved the re-opening of Ed Sackfield Arena as of Tuesday, August 4, 2020. Due to current COVID-19 restrictions, YRSA is offering ticket ice for competitive skaters. Priority is given to YRSA members.
YRSA continues to work with Skate Ontario regarding protocols for restarting CanSkate programs. This will be challenging as physical distancing must be followed at all times. Please continue to monitor our website for the possibility of Winter 2021 CanSkate programs.
The YRSA Office is closed. Please contact us via email at info@yrsawc.com
YRSA thanks the Ontario Trillium Foundation, an agency of the Government of Ontario, for its support.
YRSA -- Home of National and International Champions "year round" training centre
York Region Skating Academy © 2019

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Review of Alex Bunn, Folk Form Taxa, at The Aubin Gallery, London
Review by Elisa Caldarola
Folk Form Taxa, Alex Bunn's new show, opened last week at The Aubin Gallery in Shoreditch, London. Ten large light box pictures in a dark room confront and attract the viewer with saturated colours, compositional balance, captivating contrasts. They are often pictures of artefacts we are not accustomed to, the result of the artist's experimentation with techniques and materials. Organic and inorganic are mixed and what looks like a colourful and sharply designed object reveals a more discomforting nature at a second inspection. Teeth, insects, a bat skull (or is it a mouse?), and what appear to be parts of the entrails of some larger animal are playfully assembled together with pieces of cloth, plastic, metal, silicon and other less easily discernible substances. A push and pull effect is an obvious consequence of the use of rather disgusting materials in images that remain nevertheless sexy.
Bunn's photographs, however, aim to make a deeper point, and the attraction/repulsion dynamics is only one of the devices the artist puts into play in order to reach his goal. The exhibition leaflet mentions an interest in scientific methods, formal systems, classification, and in particular an epistemological concern with that which is left out by the process of scientific knowledge. Under this light Bunn's photographs acquire a much broader variety of significance.
Bunn's subjects are deliberately impenetrable, which enhances their power to fascinate and the feeling that, despite the efforts we put in understanding phenomena, there is always something that our categories miss out. For example, it is not at all clear what is going on among the junk, the electric cables and the toy-like object in the dramatically lighted An Ambivalent Incident (a title that speaks for itself). And what exactly is that metallic thing on a human tongue for (Cecocolic Chamber)? It looks possibly like a dentist's instrument and yet not, and we can't tell what it is used for. Nor we can say that it is an instrument of torture. Despite the uncomfortable subject, the image does not have a sadistic overtone and it does not repulse either. It is, first and foremost, an effective mechanism of displacement.
These pictures are comparable to still-life paintings where non-classifiable artefacts have replaced natural objects, and what is natural only appears in disguise (see especially Bruce Gordon, John Zoli Alcock and Falls Church Count Museum). Bunn has mixed the language of the natural and the artefactual to create an idiom that resonates, although we cannot properly grasp it. The images are also documents of an ambitious creative project: Bunn is a self-taught artist who keeps learning new techniques to produce the objects that populate his photographic sets. A single picture often is the final result of multiple work processes. He has also devised a special technique to photograph the objects from several points of view and then to digitally compose a unique image where no section looks out of focus. The result is an enhanced visual reality, another aspect in contrast with the inscrutable character of the photographed objects.
Bunn's work is original, challenging and beautiful to look at. This is a small-scale exhibition that packs a surprising variety of themes.
www.aubingallery.com Until 5 September 2010
Images (c) Alex Bunn courtesy The Aubin Gallery
Feedback Ghost
An Ambivalent Incident
Q&A with Last Year's Winner for Fiction in the Aesthetica Creative Works Competition
As you know, The Aesthetica Creative Works Competition is now open for Entries, and it's the only UK competition to support both creative writing and artwork.
We've decided to catch up with last year's Fiction Winner, Louise Beech. Her story, Learning to Breath, is a harrowing and gripping account, told from the point of view of a young girl, Kate. It's a layered story that unfolds within the wide manifestations of what it means to escape. Judged by Rachel Hazelwood, while the other two winners were Shadric Toop (Art, Judge, Cherie Federico) and Sally Spedding (Poetry, Judge, Kate North).
We wanted to catch up with Louise and see what she's been up since winning the Fiction Category in 2009. Remember Deadline for this year's Competition is 31 August.
Q&A with Louise Beech
How has winning Aesthetica Creative Works Competition impacted your writing career so far?
I had my son Conor check the announcement, fearing I'd misread my name. He teased me, said, "No, it's not you, mum." I think this only added to the surprise and pride in having won, and the impact has stayed with me; I now boldly enter other competitions and brashly send work to 'top end' magazines. Winning gave me the kick I needed to send a play to the BBC and I received a rave review and a request for another. Aim high and really you never fail because you continuously push yourself.
Your stories are often about childhood. Do you think that your own childhood experiences have inspired themes in your writing?
Themes that mostly emerge in my writing are memory (both lack of and its power), family, survival, love, abuse, but above all hope. My own memory with regards childhood is cloudy – much blurs into fog and yet I recall random days in exquisite detail, events from as young as two-years-old. It was a chaotic youth. Both parents were at one time or another physically/emotionally absent due to mental illness, depression and alcoholism. Without my beloved siblings I'd not be who I am - an optimist. Whatever dark or controversial topics I broach in my fiction, I aim ultimately to uplift.
Water also is a distinctive motif in your writing. Can you explain why this is?
Water symbolises challenge to me. I almost drowned aged three. Our home was destroyed during the 2007 UK floods. My grandfather survived 50 days adrift at sea after his ship got torpedoed during the war – the book Man on a Raft/What Cares the Sea? by Kenneth Cooke (the only other survivor of this tragedy) tells the story of their battle. Water trickles into my fiction; a woman dealing with her childlessness aboard a cruise ship, a child escaping an abusive home life with the dolphins, a flood crisis centre's drama.
At what age did you realise you wanted to write? Can you remember your earliest work?
I remember sitting in my father's cross-legged lap while he tried to show me his guitar's chords – he was a professional musician. My small fingers stumbled and he gave up and never tried teaching me again. I was three. His music sheets fascinated me, such strange language that translated into music. Around this time I also recall sitting in the back of our car, John Denver playing, imagining the passing trees as people, whispering their words. I hadn't yet learnt the alphabet but created stories and scenarios all the time. I suppose a writer writes before they even can; one doesn't need physical words. When I could physically write I penned my own sequel to the book Heidi, pictures included, just as my daughter now is creating her own version of Twilight, and which makes me smile lots and lots.
How did you begin writing for the Hull Daily Mail?
I've no 'training' as a writer, not been to university, so I knew I'd not be considered for a professional post. But in a flash of bravery I sent some reviews and articles to the editor. When he invited me to the office I joked with my husband that they probably wanted me to make tea; instead he asked if I might 'write something every week' and I said I could try. I clapped my hands in the lobby afterwards, much to the surprise of visitors! And so my Working Mum column began in 2002, exploring the trials and tribulations of being a modern parent. The first year I wrote it voluntarily, and have again since last January due to cutbacks, but writing has never been about money for me. As I often say, if I wanted heaps of money I'd have written myself bigger breasts and been a high class escort.
Has writing a column for the paper helped you to develop your fictional writing skills? Would you say there is an overlapping style between the two?
With the column there are restrictions – I've a deadline and I've to be aware of an audience and word length and such things as slander and advertising. But these boundaries have trained me well, made me mindful of the reader. While the column is light and simple and comic, in my fiction I can really let rip, exploring much darker themes and more complex styles. I tend to write for myself then, editing for an audience. I'd say the column is my public face and the fiction is my truth, which is kind of ironic since the column is factual and the stories are made up. But what really is the truth?
Learning to Breath has a distinctive style. How did you learn to develop and nurture this style? Have you been influenced by any other notable writers?
Learning to Breathe was inspired by a dream where my daughter, during her bath, swam away with the dolphins. The mood and tone came to me before any of the words – that it would have a water-like rhythm, swinging between past and present, life and fantasy, with no clear indication which was which. I found that long, rambling, waterfall sentences worked well, some forming entire paragraphs. Many writers have affected me. The Book Thief by Markus Zusak so engrossed me that when I looked up from reading our living room appeared momentarily alien and I couldn't have told you my name. This is what I want from fiction – to be transported, inspired, changed. I love also John Irving's language, Paul Theroux' travelogues, Charlotte Bronte's bravery, Yann Martel, Chris Cleave, Alice Sebold, and John Updike. I love discovering new writers quite by chance, like Robin Black, whose poetic interview in a magazine led me to buy her stunning short story collection; If I Loved You I Would Tell You This.
What advice would you give to other aspiring authors? Any tips on how to enter creative writing competitions?
I've read all kinds of well-worn tips - like write what you know - but I reckon you should just write what you love. Write first for yourself and worry about an audience later, while rereading and editing and perfecting. And never, ever think you can't win a competition. You certainly won't if you don't bother submitting, but you just might if you do. I tend to seek competitions and magazines that fit my work rather than the other way around. By this I mean that I write what comes to me, with no market or gain in mind, and when I'm happy with the story I see if it has a style or theme some venue favours. This is how I believe you can be successful in this arena, though the truest success I find to be completing a piece I love.
You are currently working on a novel, can you give us any insight into this project?
I've finished The Art of Wishing and am presently sending it out to agents. This task is a far greater one the writing or editing part and you've to very thick-skinned when the rejections come thick and fast. It's the hardest market to break. The novel is a tragic love story where the two main characters, Amy and Joe, discover too late that they are in fact sister and brother. It explores such issues as wishing versus logic, whether blood or circumstance makes us true relatives, and uses a poetic children's story as backdrop to the main prose. When I wrote the final line – Lola slept on; Amy closed the book – I cried because it was over and I had to leave these characters I'd come to love. I guess I hope that one day some reader will feel this way too.
Where would you like to see yourself in ten years time?
I dream of seeing one of my novels on a shelf in Waterstones and going up to whichever poor creature happens to be nearby and poking them and saying, "That's my bloody book!" I dream of hearing that some reader forgot their name while reading it. I dream that my father, wherever he is, might read it and be proud that I finally mastered the chords. I dream that my two children are doing well in the world and have found their instrument too.
Interview by Rachael Boon and Ruth Sweeny
Review of Alex Bunn, Folk Form Taxa, at The Aubin ...
Q&A with Last Year's Winner for Fiction in the Aes...


text:
Q: ArrayList Class in VBScript: "Type mismatch" error using CopyTo(Array) Method I'm trying to copy an entire ArrayList to an one-dimensional Array, starting at the beginning of the target array, but I'm getting the error "Type mismatch". I googled a lot and tried different version of the code bellow but anyone worked.
Option Explicit
dim arr1, arr2(), iLoop, lenght

Set arr1 = CreateObject("System.Collections.ArrayList")

for iLoop = 0 to 3
arr1.add iLoop
next

redim arr2(arr1.count)

arr2 = arr1.ToArray()

for iLoop = 0 to ubound(arr2)
msgbox "arr2: " & arr2(iLoop)
next

A: There is no toArray method/function in VBScript. Reference found (with examples) for instance in

*

*toArray Method (VBArray) (JavaScript) or

*toArray Method (Visual Studio - JScript) or

*toArray Method (Windows Scripting - JScript)

For more guidance on ArrayList class and its usage in VBScript please read

*

*Ekkehard.Horner's answer The correct way to use an ArrayList Of Arrays if you just need read access (after a successful initialization)

*Hey, Scripting Guy! article Be Careful What You Say
Here's my digest of Ekkehard.Horner's answer: although a Variant variable containing an ArrayList is conceptually different from an array variable, one could read them in analogous way using for .. to .. next loop or for each .. in .. next loop. And my  contribution:
option explicit
On Error GoTo 0
Dim sRslt: sRslt = Wscript.ScriptName     ' result

dim arr1, arr2(), iLoop, lenght, oLoop

Set arr1 = CreateObject("System.Collections.ArrayList")
for iLoop = 0 to 3
  arr1.add Chr( 65 + iLoop)
next

redim arr2(arr1.count -1)
sRslt = sRslt & vbNewLine & "IsArray(arr1)=" & IsArray(arr1) & " arr1.count=" & arr1.count
sRslt = sRslt & vbNewLine & "arr1.type: " & VarType(arr1) & vbTab & TypeName(arr1)
sRslt = sRslt & vbNewLine & "arr2.type: " & VarType(arr2) & vbTab & TypeName(arr2)
'arr2 = arr1.ToArray()

sRslt = sRslt & vbNewLine & vbNewLine & "''' for iLoop = 0 to arr1.count -1"
for iLoop = 0 to ubound(arr2) ' or equivalent
                              ' for iLoop = 0 to arr1.count -1
  'msgbox "arr2: " & arr2(iLoop)
  arr2(iLoop) = Chr( 97 + iLoop) & arr1(iLoop)
  sRslt = sRslt & vbNewLine & iLoop & " arr1(iLoop): " & arr1(iLoop) _
                            & vbTab &  "arr2(iLoop): " & arr2(iLoop)
next

sRslt = sRslt & vbNewLine & vbNewLine & "''' for each oLoop in arr2"
iLoop = 0
for each oLoop in arr2
  sRslt = sRslt & vbNewLine & iLoop & " arr1(iLoop): " & arr1(iLoop) _
                            & vbTab & "oLoop: " & oLoop
  iLoop = iLoop + 1
Next

Wscript.Echo sRslt

and its output:
==> cscript D:\VB_scripts\SO\37052791.vbs
37052791.vbs
IsArray(arr1)=False arr1.count=4
arr1.type: 9    ArrayList
arr2.type: 8204 Variant()

''' for iLoop = 0 to arr1.count -1
0 arr1(iLoop): A        arr2(iLoop): aA
1 arr1(iLoop): B        arr2(iLoop): bB
2 arr1(iLoop): C        arr2(iLoop): cC
3 arr1(iLoop): D        arr2(iLoop): dD

''' for each oLoop in arr2
0 arr1(iLoop): A        oLoop: aA
1 arr1(iLoop): B        oLoop: bB
2 arr1(iLoop): C        oLoop: cC
3 arr1(iLoop): D        oLoop: dD

==>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
April 17, 2017 . Wrestling
Five Wrestlers Named ACC All-Academic Team Selections
ACC All-Academic Team Listing
CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va. – Five members of the Virginia wrestling program have been recognized for achievements in the classroom with the announcement of the 2017 All-ACC Academic Team by the league office on Monday (April 17).
Redshirt junior Andrew Atkinson (Lynchburg, Va.), redshirt seniors Ray Bethea (Trenton, N.J.), George DiCamillo (Highland Heights, Ohio) and Will Mason (Virginia Beach, Va.), and freshman Jack Mueller (Dallas, Texas) were all named to the team. Virginia tied with Duke for the most selections to the team this season.
Atkinson was named to the team for the second time in his career and is one of only five wrestlers on this year's All-ACC Academic Team to have earned multiple selections to the team.
To be eligible for All-ACC Academic Team consideration, a student-athlete must have earned a minimum 3.00 GPA for the previous semester and maintained a minimum 3.00 cumulative average during his academic career.
Keating Named ACC Wrestler Of The Week
Photo Album: UVA Wrestling vs. NC State


Another area of incomplete records that students struggle with is solving incomplete records questions which require you to adopt the net assets approach.
As with the control account method from my earlier blog post, all we've done is taken what we already know and use that knowledge to solve a riddle. Incomplete records is basically a jigsaw puzzle - requiring us to fit together all the pieces we have been given then, using our best judgement and knowledge, drawing in the missing parts of the picture to help us see the whole picture in all its balancing glory.
What has happened during the year?
What information have we gleaned to be able to establish the end of year picture?
One area students seem to have difficulty with is Incomplete Records.
What you need to remember that, for this part of your assessment, all you're doing is taking what you should already know and putting it to use.
Ammar operates an incomplete system of accounting records for his business, from which the following information is available.
(b) Prepare the rent account showing the rent for the year ended 31 October 20X2. Included in the rent paid during the year is £1,500 for the quarter ending 31 December 20X2.
(c) Prepare the VAT account showing the closing balance.
(d) Prepare the payroll account showing the payroll expenses for the year.
The way to tackle this type of task is to take each element of the task in turn. Don't try to rush in and try to solve the whole thing - you'll end up in an awful mess!
It's also good practice to tick off items as you use them - so, for example, if you were to take the bank opening balance to adjust it, you would tick of the Bank figure at the start of the period. This means that, when you come to drawing up the final accounts, you don't reuse something you've already used.
(a) Prepare the sales ledger control account (SLCA) for the year ended 31 October 20X2 and calculate the discounts allowed.
As I said before, you're not doing anything new, you're just taking something you already know to solve the problem. So, here we're asked to prepare the SLCA and calculate the discounts allowed.
So, can we find any information to help us? Where would you look?
Tasks like this often include prepayments and accruals so the opening and closing balances can provide information on Balances b/d & c/d.
The bank summary, bank statement or cash book can be used to find out what happened during the year (see my blog entry on accruals and prepayments.
As before, you need to think about what goes where in the VAT account. Remember, VAT always travels with the goods so, if your purchases figure is a debit then your VAT on Purchases must be a debit also. Also remember to use the bank as your anchor - payments made to HMRC are Credit Bank, Debit VAT.
Hopefully, you can now see that just taking what you know, you can pull together the information you've been given to help you find missing figures. This part of the Level 3 Final Accounts for Sole Trader and Partnerships assessment is not as hard as you think – it's more a case of taking time to think about where to find information.
I hope this blog entry has been useful for you.


I absolutely love the idea of a daring set of mismatched chairs around a dining table. Not only does mixing different colors totally work, seeing how different textures and materials being juxtaposed is inspiring. Vintage wooden chairs + metal Tolix chairs + old barstools + plastic Eames chairs + lucite Philippe Starck chairs . . . I'll take one of each!
Yes! Love this. I'm busy developing a collection of mismatched plates and cups and bowls, but never thought to do it with chairs. Genius.
I love the mix of different style, the new ones to the old ones!!!
I love the look of mismatched chairs too!
Great photos of harmoniously mixed mismatched. I haven't tried this, but after this maybe I should!
such a lovely round-up of photos– there's certainly something very charming and quirky about mismatched chairs!
i love this look too!!
Click here to see Fiona Brooks Personal Fashion Posts!
I am a very organised person and like everything to be matched and perfectly organised, however, I have to admit that mismatched chairs around a dining table look great! I would have never thought that I would like this, but you´re right, they look great!
Its actually a great and novel idea for decor!
where are those lamps from in the 13th row of pictures? Love them!
and mismatched chairs for my dining room.
This is fantastic inspiration, thank you! I can't wait to start collecting an inspiring range of beautiful chairs to pull off this look.


text:
Latvia elected to position on Chemical Weapons Convention body
The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
Photo: OPCW
On November 29 2022, at the 27th Session of the Conference of the States Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention in The Hague, Latvia and Croatia were elected to the high-ranking post of Vice-Chairperson from the Eastern Europe regional group.
"Support for Latvia's candidacy is the acknowledgement of Latvia's responsible input to the work of international organisations thereby strengthening the rules-based international order. The election of Latvia and Croatia should also be rated as condemnation by the international community of Russia's aggression against Ukraine and grave violations of the United Nations Charter, as well as limiting Russia's representation in senior positions in international organisations," said a statement from the Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
🇱🇻 and 🇭🇷 elected as Vice Chairperson of the Conference of the States Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention. 🇱🇻🇭🇷 won a significant majority of votes over Russia, which confirms condemnation by the international community of Russia's aggression in 🇺🇦 https://t.co/Ktz9oupfXJ pic.twitter.com/4VLVKQRj3F
— Latvian MFA 🇱🇻 | #StandWithUkraine 🇺🇦 (@Latvian_MFA) December 1, 2022
In a secret ballot, Latvia received 94 votes and Croatia 90 votes, both prevailing over the third candidate, Russia, with its 44 votes, who had filled the post for the past 20 years on a regular basis.
Latvia and Croatia will hold the posts of Vice-Chairpersons until the next session in 2023. This allows the countries to contribute to the work of the Conference in terms of organisational matters and contents, as well as to the overall coordination, through taking part in the work of the Committee of the Whole.
The 27th Session of the Conference of the States Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention is being held in The Hague to take stock of progress with the implementation of the Convention and discuss a number of pressing matters, including Syria's nuclear programme, and technical capacity building in the Organisations for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. The session takes place from 28 November to 2 December 2022.
U.S. Ambassador Carwile bids a fond farewell to Latvia
Russia tells Latvian ambassador to leave
Swedish, Latvian Foreign Ministers talk NATO and regional security
Rinkēvičs: 'Third country' might be behind NATO-blocking demonstrations
Finland's Pekka Haavisto in Rīga to discuss NATO, Russia, diplomacy
Daugavpils city council leave Harmony party
Annual foreign policy debate takes place at Latvian Saeima
PM Kariņš says red tape must not limit action in emergencies
Latvian Foreign and Security Policy Yearbook now available
Conservatives teetering with more resignations from party ranks


text:
Nova Olinda do Norte é um município brasileiro no interior do estado do Amazonas, Região Norte do país. Pertencente à Mesorregião do Centro Amazonense e Microrregião de Itacoatiara, localiza-se a sul de Manaus, capital do estado, distando cerca de 126 quilômetros. Sua população, estimada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística IBGE em 2021, era de  habitantes, sendo assim o décimo-nono município mais populoso do estado do Amazonas. Seu Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) é de 0.558, de acordo com dados de 2010, o que é considerado baixo pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD).

Etimologia

Nova Olinda do Norte recebeu este nome proveniente de Olinda, denominação da propriedade de Fulgêncio Rodrigues Magno, um comerciante que habitava a região do Paraná do Urariá. A expressão do Norte, foi acrescentada pelo Governador do Amazonas à época de sua criação, Plínio Ramos Coelho, ao criar o município, com a finalidade de abençoar uma Nova Olinda na Região Norte do Brasil.

História

Os habitantes primitivos da região de Nova Olinda do Norte, de acordo com registros históricos, eram os índios. Entres estes, destacavam-se os índios Turás, Muras e Mundurucus.

Nova Olinda do Norte tem sua história centrada estreitamente à exploração do petróleo no Amazonas. Em 1955, em 13 de maio, descobriu-se abundante petróleo em território nova-olindense. À época, Nova Olinda do Norte era um distrito pertencente ao município de Itacoatiara. O acontecimento tornou-se destaque nacional, principalmente após grande ênfase dada pelo então governador Plínio Ramos Coelho, que apareceu nas primeiras páginas dos jornais brasileiros com um terno branco manchado de petróleo, que havia jorrado do poço pioneiro 1-NO-1-AM, da Petrobrás. Assim sendo, Nova Olinda do Norte ganhou grande notoriedade nacional, sendo visitada por dois presidentes da república, Café Filho e Juscelino Kubitschek.

Após a descoberta de petróleo na região do então distrito de Nova Olinda, outras cinco perfurações foram executadas nas proximidades do poço pioneiro, nos dois anos que sucederam essa data histórica. Entretanto, o período de esperança e euforia teve pouca duração. O petróleo voltou a ser encontrada no poço 2-NO-AM, mas a Petrobrás alegou que o hidrocarboneto da região não tinha valor comercial e determinou o fechamento dos poços, acatando o argumento do famoso Relatório Link.

Ainda assim, foi criado o município de Nova Olinda do Norte. Em 19 de dezembro de 1955, através da Lei Estadual nº 96, o município de Nova Olinda do Norte foi criado, com sede na localidade de Nova Olinda do Norte, elevada então à categoria de cidade. A instalação definitiva do município ocorreu apenas em 31 de janeiro de 1956, quando foi determinada sua área territorial, desmembrada dos municípios de Maués e Itacoatiara, de quem recebeu autonomia política e deixou de ser um distrito.

Anos mais tarde, durante um mutirão de cirurgias de catarata, do governo do Amazonas, 18 idosos ficaram cegos após a operação.

Paróquia Nossa Senhora de Nazaré e São José Nova Olinda do Norte

A Paróquia Nossa Senhora de Nazaré e São José foi fundada como sociedade civil no dia 30 de outubro de 1966, com sede e foro na cidade de Nova Olinda do Norte, destinada a prestar assistência religiosa, social e educacional à população do município. A primeira diretoria ou conselho, como assim chamamos hoje, foi constituída por:

 Frei José Alberto
 José Paula de Sá
 Manoel Joaquim Ferreira
 Maria do Carmo Rodrigues Ferreira
Sendo o primeiro pároco Frei Carlos Nápoli e primeiro vigário Frei Roberto Sisk.e tendo como frades auxiliares na época: Frei Marcelo, Frei Samuel, Frei Vitor e Frei Angelo. E como religiosas as irmãs: Serafina, Josefa, Auristela, Genoveva e Tereza.

As primeiras religiosas que a se estabelecerem na Prelazia foram as irmãs Adoradoras do Sangue de Cristo, de 1965 a 1978, atuaram em nova Olinda nos setores de Educação, Saúde e Assistência Social. Depois chegaram as irmãs de São José, vindas dos Estados Unidos e finalmente, em 1990 vieram as irmãs de São José de Chambery – irmãs brasileiras.

Antes de ser constituída Paróquia as visitas na área de Nova Olinda eram feitas pelo padre Cônego Bento José de Souza, ocasião em que a dependência pastoral se dava pela Paróquia Nossa Senhora de Assunção – Foz de Canumã. Com a vinda dos padres franciscanos no auge dos trabalhos da Petrobrás, iniciou-se o processo de criação da Paróquia de Nossa Senhora de Nazaré e São José.

Primeiros grupos da época de constituição da paróquia:

 Apostolado da Oração – participantes: Petty, Ana Pereira da Silva Costa, Icléia, Dionísia Moda de Sá;
 Vicentinos – participantes: José Romano Marques, Isolino Pereira de Souza, José Paula, José Pavão, Manoel Rosa, Valdivino;
 Filhas de Maria – participantes: Cilica Pereira, Zenil Pereira, Gimol Reis, Francisca;
 Grupo de Jovens – participantes: Queiroz, Jamile Vasconcelos, Gimol;
 Acólitos

Conjuntura política da época
O município de Nova Olinda do Norte na ocasião era administrado pelo então prefeito: Aglair Pereira Barrocas e vice-prefeito: José Gomes da Silva (Zé Brotinho), juntamente com os vereadores: Maria Araújo Sales de Carvalho, Meuclides Elias de Assunção, João Alves da Silva, Ivan Valter, Álvaro de Farias Reis (este último renunciou o mandato sendo substituído pelo suplente Antonio Durant).

Saúde
Havia um serviço de maternidade que, no geral, funcionava como posto médico através das irmãs do Preciosíssimo Sangue Serafina e Irmã Mônica.

Atualmente o município conta com atendimento do Hospital Dr. Gallo Manuel Ibanês, que atende com serviços de Urgência e Emergência, Maternidade e Laboratório.

O município também esta assistido por 05 (cinco) Unidades Básicas de Saúde, sendo:

UBS Irmã Monica Borsa Lima  - Endereço: Rua Amazonas,Bairro: Santa Luzia

UBS Etelvina Pinheiro - Endereço: Av. Janary Nunes, Bairro: Chicolandia

UBS Maria do Carmo Castro Couto - Endereço: Rua Juscelino Kubitschek, Bairro: Aerolandia

UBS Dr. Raad Mohamad Raad - Endereço: Rua Santo Antônio, Bairro: Vale do Sol

UBS Raimundo do Rosário Melo - Endereço: Rua Getúlio Vargas, Bairro: Nossa Senhora de Fátima

A zona rural também recebe atendimento de saúde, com as Unidades Básicas de Saude dos Polos:

UBS Augusto Castro - Curupira

UBS Alonso Pereira Varejão - Vila Flor

UBS Juracema Holanda - Centenário

UBS Antônio Ferreira - Abacaxi

UBS Vila Nova - Vila Nova

Em 2020 foi inaugurada uma UBS Fluvial (embarcação que funciona como posto de saúde), ancorada próximo ao porto do município, mas que pode ser deslocada conforme a necessidade.

UBS Fluvial "Dona Antônia"

Assistência
A Sociedade São Vicente de Paulo prestava assistência médica, funeral, doação de remédios e em parceria com as Cáritas distribuíam alimentos e roupas como incentivo as práticas agrícolas.

Atendimento às comunidades rurais
Realização de visitas pastorais com periodicidade de duas vezes ao ano. Assim, como prática de encontro de formação para as lideranças.

Festejos
A Festa de São Pedro teve como fundadores: o Sr. Carlos Rodrigues Jardim e Frei Roberto Sisk, tendo como motivação a celebração Eucarística, a Procissão Fluvial e a Ladainha.

A principio houve a devoção a N. Sra. de Nazaré, a partir de Frei José Glancy foi inserido São José, ficando como padroeiros Nossa Senhora de Nazaré e São José.

Centro paroquial
Foi construído sob a administração de frei Samuel, mestre obras Sr. Sabá, tendo como ajudantes Zé Mota, Zé Maria, Carlito, Marino, Mimi, Laborda, Aluísio Reis e Sebastião Pantoja (carpinteiro). Com muito trabalho, construíram o centro paroquial em 90 dias.

Curiosidades
 Os famosos Bingos da Paróquia foram implantados por Frei Samuel Tiesi. Dom Adriano, por sua vez, foi um dos principais responsáveis por levantar recursos para a construção da antiga igreja matriz.
Foto da Igreja (a segunda)
 A primeira crismada foi Maria Regina dos Santos

 Primeiros coordenadores do Conselho: José de Paula e Petty.

Missão
Levar o evangelho a todos, anunciando com alegria a Palavra Libertadora de Cristo. Tornando-nos discípulos missionários, ardorosos e perseverantes. Amando a Deus sobre todas as coisas e aos irmãos como a nós mesmos. Em suma, vivendo o batismo que recebemos e a fé que professamos.

Atual composição
 Pároco: Frei João Bosco Saldanha Colares, TOR
 Vigário: Frei Geraldo King, TOR
 Religiosas: Irmãs Gilsa e Rosineide (acrescentar sobrenome)
 Coordenadora do Conselho Econômico Paroquial: Arlete Lemos de Oliveira
 Coordenadora do Conselho de Pastoral: Mariane Ferreira dos Santos
 Secretária Paroquial: Fernanda Lemos de Oliveira
 Assessor e animador missionário: Irineu Castro
 Coordenadora da Catequese: Mª Estela  de Oliveira
 Coordenador dos Jovens: Odervan Moraes Dutra
 Coordenadora do Dízimo: Letícia Alves
 Coordenadora da Pastoral da Criança: Silvana Vieira
 Coordenadora da Pastoral do Canto: Socorro Couto
 Coordenadora das CEBS:

Comunidades localizadas na zona urbana
 Cristo Redentor
 Nossa Senhora de Aparecida
 Nossa Senhora de Fátima
 Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe
 Santa Ana
 Santa Maria

Na zona rural, a paróquia presta assistência a 52 comunidades indígenas e ribeirinhas, com viagens pastorais, onde é realizado serviço de animação comunitária e celebração dos sacramentos.

Geografia

O município de Nova Olinda do Norte está localizado no interior do estado brasileiro do Amazonas, distante 126 km a sul da capital amazonense. Ocupa uma superfície de 5.633 km² e sua população estimada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) em 2020 era de  habitantes.

Fundações no Amazonas em 1955

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
A história da astronomia envolve um período de tempo tão antigo quanto a origem do homem. A astronomia é a mais antiga das ciências naturais. Descobertas arqueológicas têm fornecido evidências de observações astronômicas entre os povos pré-históricos. Desde a antiguidade, o céu vem sendo usado como mapa, calendário ou relógio. O desejo de conhecimento sempre incentivou o estudo da astronomia, seja por razões religiosas, seja para a predição de eventos. No início, a astronomia coincidiu com a criação da astrologia, representando tanto um instrumento de conhecimento quanto de poder. Só depois do advento do método científico, a ciência passou a fazer uma clara separação disciplinar entre astronomia e astrologia.

Desde os tempos antigos, os homens pesquisaram e aprenderam uma grande quantidade de dados sobre o universo simplesmente observando o céu. Os primeiros astrônomos faziam uso ou de seus pontos de vista ou de alguma ferramenta rudimentar a fim de calcular a posição das estrelas. A antiga compreensão da mecânica celeste contribuiu para a criação de uma "agenda" ligada às estações do ano e da lua, trazendo consequências positivas para a agricultura. O conhecimento de antemão da transição de uma estação para outra foi de fundamental importância para a capacidade de sobrevivência do homem antigo. Por isso, a investigação do céu sempre constituiu um importante elo entre o céu e a terra, entre o homem e Deus (ou entre o homem e os deuses).

Com a invenção do telescópio, o homem conseguiu cavar mais fundo na dinâmica celestial, abrindo uma "janela" mais ampla sobre o universo e suas regras. O desenvolvimento técnico aliada a exploração do espaço procurará expandir ainda mais o campo de investigação e conhecimento do cosmos.

Origem da Astronomia

Desde o início, o homem sempre olhou para o céu em busca de possíveis correlações entre as suas histórias e os fenômenos cósmicos. Essas primeiras observações eram frutos da imaginação e da criatividade humana, o que deu origem as constelações. Elas também originaram à organização dos ciclos na agricultura, a contagem do tempo e os pontos referências para orientar-se na terra e no mar. Eles relacionavam os objetos no céu (e seus movimentos) a fenômenos como a chuva, a seca, as estações do ano e as marés. O homem também utilizou as primeiras observações astronômicas para fins religiosos: em algumas culturas, as estrelas, bem como a luz natural em um céu escuro, foi logo identificada como a divindade responsável pela proteção dos acontecimentos humanos. Acredita-se geralmente que os primeiros  astrônomos profissionais foram os sacerdotes. A compreensão que eles tinham pelo céu era visto como algo divino, daí a antiga ligação da astronomia com o que hoje conhecemos como astrologia.

O primeiro conhecimento astronômico do homem pré-histórico consistiu essencialmente na previsão dos movimentos de objetos celestiais visíveis, como estrelas e planetas. Um exemplo de ferramenta na astronomia antiga são os primeiros monumentos astronômicos megalíticos, como o famoso complexo de Stonehenge, os montes de Newgrange, os Menir e os vários outros edifícios projetados com a função de observar o espaço sideral. Muitos destes monumentos mostram a relação do homem pré-histórico com o céu, bem como as excelentes capacidades de precisão das observações.

Em Stonehenge, por exemplo, cada pedra pesa em média 26 toneladas. A avenida principal que parte do centro da monumento aponta para o local no horizonte em que o Sol nasce no dia mais longo do verão (solstício). Nessa estrutura, algumas pedras estão alinhadas com o nascer e o pôr do Sol no início do verão e do inverno.

Parece que foi no paleolítico que o homem considerou o céu como o lugar onde as histórias dos deuses tomam forma. Há vestígios de um culto atribuído ao asterismo da Ursa Maior por povos que viviam além das margens do Estreito de Bering, no momento do último período glacial entre os Estados Unidos e a Ásia. Estudos recentes afirmam que no período Paleolítico (cerca de 16 000 anos atrás) foi desenvolvido um sistema de 25 constelações, dividida em três grupos que representam metaforicamente o Céu, a Terra e o submundo.

No período neolítico, a fim de melhorar a memorização das estrelas, foram atribuídas aos asterismos nomes semelhantes, nem sempre antropomórfico, aludindo a aspectos e elementos da vida agrícola e pastoral. A constelação do zodíaco, que se encontram perto da linha percorrida pelo sol durante o ano (eclíptica), foi uma das primeiras a ser codificada no céu, principalmente por razões práticas. Dada a importância da economia baseada numa agricultura-pastoral, se fez necessário conhecer as diferentes épocas do ano a fim de melhorar a semeadura, as plantações, a criação de animais e todas as outras práticas relacionadas ao homem primitivo.

Idade Antiga

Mesopotâmia

As origens da astronomia Ocidental podem ser encontradas na Mesopotâmia, a "terra entre dois rios", Tigre e Eufrates, eram onde os reinos antigos dos Sumérios, Assírios, e Babilônios eram localizados. Uma forma de escrita conhecida como cuneiforme surgiu entre os sumérios aproximadamente em 3500-3000 a.C. Os sumérios somente praticavam uma forma básica de astronomia, mas tiveram uma importante influência na sofisticação da astronomia dos babilônios. A Teologia Astral, que deu aos deuses planetários um papel importante na Mitologia e religião mesopotâmica, começou com os sumérios. Eles também usavam um sistema numérico sexagesimal (base 60), que simplificava a tarefa do registro de números muito grandes ou muito pequenos. A prática moderna de dividir um círculo em 360 graus, de 60 minutos cada, começou com os sumérios. Para mais informações, veja os artigos em numerais babilônios e matemática.

Fontes clássicas normalmente usam o termo Caldeus para os astrônomos da Mesopotâmia, que foram, na verdade, sacerdotes escribas especializados em astrologia e outras formas de divinação. As atividades mais antigas de astrônomos babilônios foram as observações de fenômenos astronômicos significativos que eram considerados presságios. O melhor exemplo conhecido é a Tábua de Vênus de Ammisaduqa, um registro da primeira e última visibilidade observada do planeta Vênus no século XVI a.C. Os textos do tablete de Vênus foi posteriormente incluído em um extenso compêndio de presságios chamado de Enuma Anu Enlil.

Um aumento significante tanto na freqüência quanto na qualidade das observações babilônias surgiu durante o reinado de Nabonassar (747-733 a.C). O registro sistemático de fenômenos considerados como mau agouro em diários astronômicos que se iniciou nesse período, permitiu que fosse descoberto um ciclo repetitivo de eclipses lunares a cada 18 anos, por exemplo. O astrônomo grego Ptolomeu posteriormente usou os registros feitos na época de Nabonassar para consertar o início de uma era, já que ele sentiu que as observações usáveis mais antigas haviam sido feitas naquela época.

O último estágio no desenvolvimento da astronomia babilônia ocorreu durante o perigoso do Império Selêucida (323-60 a.C) No terceiro século, astrônomos começaram a usar "textos anuais" para predizer os movimentos dos planetas. Esses textos compilavam registros de observações passadas para encontrar ocorrências repetitivas de fenômenos considerados como mau agouro para cada planeta. Aproximadamente na mesma época, ou um pouco depois, astrônomos criaram modelos matemáticos que os permitiram predizerem os fenômenos diretamente, sem necessitar da consulta nos registros antigos.

As influências Mesopotâmicas na astronomia ocidental são extensas. Foi dos mesopotâmicos que os gregos ganharam seus conhecimento sobre os planetas visíveis e as constelações do zodíaco, os séculos de registros de observações astronômicas e até a ideia de que os movimentos dos planetas poderiam ser preditos com precisão.

Grécia

Os gregos antigos desenvolveram a astronomia, a qual eles relacionavam como um ramo da matemática, a um nível bem sofisticado.

No século IV a.C., o astrônomo Eudoxo de Cnido mediu o ano solar como sendo composto por 365 dias e 6 horas, havendo também proposto um modelo geométrico tridimensional para o movimento planetário, em que o Sol, a Lua e os outros planetas moviam-se em um sistema complexo de 27 esferas concêntricas à Terra. Seu contemporâneo mais jovem, Heraclides do Ponto, propôs que a Terra rodava ao redor de seu eixo.

Aristóteles (384-322 a.C) desenvolveu uma ideia de Universo, com a Terra no seu centro e com todo o resto rodando ao seu redor em órbitas que eram círculos perfeitos, que tinha um poder explanatório considerável e prevaleceu por séculos. Ao desenvolver e popularizar esse modelo cosmológico, Aristóteles tenha talvez mais ajudado o conhecimento do que o prejudicado.

A Máquina de Anticítera, um dispositivo originário da Grécia antiga que calculava os movimentos dos planetas, data de aproximadamente 80-87 a.C.e foi o primeiro ancestral dos computadores astronômicos. Foi encontrado nos destroços de um antigo naufrágio na ilha grega de Anticítera, entre Cítera e Creta. O dispositivo ficou famoso por usar uma engrenagem diferencial, que anteriormente se acreditava ter sido inventada no século XVI, e pela miniaturização e complexidade de suas partes, que foram comparadas a um relógio feito no século XVII. O mecanismo original está exposto na Coleção do Bronze do Museu Nacional Arqueológico de Atenas, acompanhado por uma replica. Outra replica está em exposição no Museu do Computador Americano em Bozeman, Montana.

O estudo da astronomia pelos gregos antigos não era limitado somente à Grécia, mas foi posteriormente desenvolvido nos séculos II e III a.C, nos estados helenísticos e em particular na Alexandria. No século III a.C., Aristarco de Samos foi o primeiro a propor um sistema inteiramente heliocêntrico, enquanto Eratóstenes, usando ângulos de sombras criadas em regiões totalmente distintas, estimou a circunferência da Terra com uma grande precisão.

No século seguinte, Hiparco fez inúmeras contribuições importantes, incluindo a primeira medição da precessão e a compilação do primeiro catálogo de estrelas. Ele propôs uma física alternativa a de Aristóteles, em um tratado que infelizmente foi perdido. Hiparco, que foi o primeiro astrônomo grego a insistir na precisão das medições, foi a fonte principal de Ptolomeu que escreveu a obra de arte da astronomia geocêntrica, o Magale Syntaxis (Grande Síntese), mais conhecido pelo seu título árabe Almagesto, que teve um efeito duradouro na astronomia até a Renascença. Hiparco também propôs nosso sistema moderno de magnitude aparente.

China

A astronomia na China tem uma longa história. Casas em Banpo de 4000 a.C.eram orientadas a uma posição coincidente com a culminação da constelação Yingshi (Parte do que chamamos de Pegasus), logo após o solstício de inverno. Isso era feito com o propósito de fornecer uma boa quantidade de luz solar para a casa. Mosaicos de duas das quatro mega-constelações (Dragão, Fênix, Tigre, Tartaruga) flanqueavam um sepultamento Longshan em Puyang praticamente na mesma época. O observatório astronômico de Taosi (2300-1900 a.C) usava as colinas ao leste como marcador.

Oraculos de ossos da Dinastia Yin (segundo milênio a.C) registraram eclipses e supernovas. Registros detalhados de observações astronômicas eram feitos desde o século VI a.C, até a introdução da astronomia ocidental e do telescópio no século XVII. Astrônomos chineses eram capazes de predizer com precisão eclipses e cometas.

Muito da astronomia chinesa servia aos propósitos de medir o tempo. Os chineses usavam um calendário lunar-solar, mas devido à diferença entre os ciclos do Sol e da Lua, astrônomos frequentemente preparavam novos calendários e faziam observações para esse propósito.

A divinação astrológica também era uma parte importante da astronomia chinesa. Astrônomos faziam anotações cuidadosas sobre as "estrelas novatas" que apareciam repentinamente entre as estrelas fixas. Eles foram os primeiros a registrar uma supernova, nos Anais Astrológicos do Houhanshu em 185 d.C. Por exemplo, a supernova que criou a Nebulosa do Caranguejo em 1054 é um exemplo de uma "estrela novata" observada por astrônomos chineses, embora tal fenômeno não tenha sido registrado pelos europeus contemporâneos. Registros astronômicos antigos de fenômenos como supernovas e cometas são algumas vezes usados em estudos astronômicos modernos.

Leste da Ásia
O primeiro observatório astronômico do leste da Ásia foi desenvolvido em Silla, um dos Três Reinos da Coreia, sobre o reinado da Rainha Seondeok de Silla. Foi batizada de Cheomsongdae, e é uma das mais antigas instalações científicas que ainda existe da Terra.

Civilizações Mesoamericanas

Os códices maias incluíam tabelas detalhadas para calcular as fases da Lua, a repetição de eclipses e o aparecimento e desaparecimento de Vênus como a estrela da manhã ou como da tarde. Acredita-se que os Maias orientavam um grande número de estruturas em relação ao extremo nascer e pôr de Vênus. Para os antigos maias, Vênus era o patrono da guerra, e acredita-se que muitas das batalhas que foram registradas tenham sido sincronizadas com os movimentos desse planeta. Marte também é citado e preservado em códices astronômicos antigos e na antiga mitologia maia.

Embora o calendário Maia não seja atrelado ao Sol, John Teeple propôs que os Maias calcularam o ano solar de com mais precisão que o calendário Gregoriano. Tanto a astronomia quanto intrincados esquemas numerológicos para medir o tempo eram componentes de vital importância para a Religião Maia.

Astronomia medieval no Oriente médio

Os gregos realizaram contribuições importante no campo da Astronomia, mas o progresso tornou-se estagnado na Europa medieval. A Europa Ocidental entrou na Idade Média com grandes dificuldades que prejudicaram a produção intelectual do continente. Muitos dos tratados da Antiguidade Clássica(em grego) não estavam disponíveis, restando somente sumários e compilações simplistas. Em contraste, os textos gregos prosperaram no mundo árabe e nas mãos de padres em paróquias remotas que necessitavam de conhecimentos básicos em astronomia para calcular a data exata da Páscoa, um procedimento chamado de Cálculo da Páscoa. O mundo árabe, sobre a influencia do Islã, havia se tornado mais culto, e muitos trabalhos importante da Grécia antiga foram traduzidos para o árabe, usados e guardados em bibliotecas. O astrônomo persa do final do século IX al-Farghani (Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kathir al-Farghani), escreveu extensivamente sobre o movimento de corpos celestes. Seu trabalho foi traduzido para o latim no século XII.

No final do século X, um grande observatório foi construído perto de Teerã, no Irã, pelo astrônomo al-Khujandi que observou uma série de trânsitos meridianos do Sol, que o permitiu calcular a obliquidade do elíptico, também conhecido como a Inclinação axial da Terra em relação ao Sol. Na Pérsia, Omar Khayyam compilou muitas tabelas e realizou uma reforma no calendário que era um pouco mais preciso que o Juliano e bem próximo ao Gregoriano. Uma grande façanha foi seu cálculo do ano que foi de 365,24219858156 dias, que é preciso até a sexta casa decimal.

Astronomia medieval na Europa

No ano de 1100, a Europa começava a experimentar um aumento de interesse pelo estudo da natureza como parte da Renascença do século XII. A astronomia, na época, foi considerada uma das sete artes liberais, fazendo-o um dos assuntos centrais de qualquer Studium Generale (conhecido como "Universidade"). O modelo dos gregos mais relembrado durando a Idade Média foi o modelo geocêntrico, no qual a Terra esférica estava no centro do cosmos ou universo, com o Sol, a Lua e os outros planetas cada um ocupando sua própria esfera concêntrica. As estrelas fixas compartilhavam a esfera mais distante.

No século XIV, Nicole d'Oresme, posteriormente bispo de Lisieux, mostrou que nem as escrituras sagradas ou os argumentos contra o movimento da Terra eram demonstráveis e apresentou o argumento de simplicidade para a teoria de que a Terra é que move, e não o céu. Entretanto ele concluiu: "todos mantém, e eu penso, que o céu que se move e não a Terra: Já que Deus estabeleceu um mundo que não pode ser movido." No século XV o cardeal Nicolau de Cusa sugeriu em alguns de seus escritos científicos, que a Terra girava em torno do Sol, e que cada estrela era na verdade um sol distante. Entretanto, ele não estava descrevendo uma teoria científica verificável sobre o Universo.

A Revolução de Copérnico

A renascença chegou na astronomia através dos estudos de Nicolau Copérnico, que propôs um modelo heliocêntrico do Universo. Seu trabalho foi defendido, ampliado e corrigido, pelas ideias de Galileu Galilei e Johannes Kepler.

Kepler, usando observações a olho nu feitas pelo astrônomo Tycho Brahe, descobriu as leis do movimento planetário que carregam seu nome (embora ele as tenha publicado misturadas com outras ideias, e não dava a importância que damos a elas hoje).

Galileu foi um dos primeiros a observar o céu noturno com um telescópio, e após construir um telescópio refrator 20x, descobriu as quatro maiores luas de Júpiter em 1610. Essa foi a primeira observação conhecida de satélites orbitando outro planeta. Ele também observou que nossa Lua apresentava crateras, e observou (e explicou corretamente) as manchas solares. Isso somado ao fa(c)to de Galileu ter notado que Vênus exibia um completo conjunto de fases, similar as fases da Lua, foi visto como incompatível com o modelo geocêntrico defendido pela igreja, o que levou a muita controvérsia.

Unificando a Física e a Astronomia
Embora os movimentos dos corpos celestes tenham sido qualitativamente explicados em termos físicos desde a introdução por Aristóteles dos motores celestiais em sua Metafísica e um quinto elemento em seu "Sobre os Céus", Kepler foi o primeiro a tentar derivar movimentos celestiais de causas físicas assumidas. Isaac Newton apertou ainda mais os laços entre a física e a astronomia através de sua Lei da Gravitação Universal. Percebendo que a mesma força que atraía os objetos para o centro da Terra mantinha a Lua em órbita ao redor da Terra, Newton conseguiu explicar - em um único quadro teórico - todos os fenômenos gravitacionais. Em seu Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, ele derivou as Leis de Kepler dos primeiros princípios. Os desenvolvimentos teóricos de Newton criaram muitos dos alicerces da física moderna.

Novas visões do Cosmo surgem
No final do século XIX, cientistas começaram a descobrir formas de luz que eram invisíveis ao olho nu: raios-X, raios gama, ondas de rádio, micro-ondas, radiação ultravioleta e radiação infravermelha. Essas descobertas tiveram um grande impacto na astronomia, criando os campos da astronomia infravermelha, rádio astronomia, astronomia do raio-X e finalmente astronomia dos raios gama. Com o advento da espectroscopia foi evidenciado que outras estrelas eram similares ao Sol, mas com temperaturas, massas e tamanhos diferentes. A existência de nossa galáxia, a Via Láctea, como um grupo separado de estrelas só foi evidenciado no século XX, junto com a descoberta de galáxias "externas", e logo após, a expansão do Universo visto pela recessão da maioria das galáxias em relação a nossa.

O século XX foi um século excitante para a astronomia onde cada avanço instrumental levava a uma nova descoberta reformuladora para o entendimento do Universo.

Astronomia Moderna
No final do século XIX foi descoberto que, quando a Luz do Sol era decomposta, uma miríade de linhas espectrais era observada (regiões onde havia pouca ou nenhum luz). Experimentos com gases aquecidos mostraram que as mesmas linhas podiam ser observadas no espectro de gases, linhas especificas correspondendo a elementos específicos. Foi evidenciado que, elementos químicos encontrados no Sol (majoritariamente hidrogênio e hélio) também eram encontrados na Terra. Durante o século XX, a espectroscopia (e estudo dessas linhas) avançou, especialmente devido ao advento da física quântica, que era necessária para compreender as observações.

Mesmo que nos séculos anteriores os astrônomos notáveis eram exclusivamente homens, na virada do século XX as mulheres passaram a desempenhar um papel importante nas grandes descobertas astronômicas. Nesse período anterior aos computadores modernos, mulheres no United States Naval Observatory (Observatório Naval dos Estados Unidos), na Universidade de Harvard, e em outras instituições de pesquisa astronômicas frequentemente serviam de "computadores humanos", que realizam a tarefa tediosa de calcular enquanto os cientistas realizavam as pesquisas que necessitavam de conhecimentos mais profundos no assunto . Muitas das descobertas desse período eram notadas inicialmente por mulheres que "computavam" e então reportadas a seus supervisores. Por exemplo, Henrietta Swan Leavitt descobriu a relação entre o período de luminosidade e a variabilidade de uma estrela Cefeida, Annie Jump Cannon organizou os tipos espectrais estelares de acordo com a temperatura estelar, e Maria Mitchell foi a primeira pessoa a descobrir um cometa usando um telescópio (para saber mais sobre mulheres astronômas ). Algumas dessas mulheres receberam pouco ou nenhum reconhecimento durante suas vidas, devido a baixa reputação profissional no campo da astronomia. E embora suas descobertas sejam ensinadas em salas de aula de astronomia ao redor do mundo, poucos estudantes de astronomia conseguem atribuir o trabalho a suas respectivas autoras.

Cosmologia e a expansão do Universo
Muito do conhecimento atual em astronomia foi descoberto durante o século XX. Com a ajuda do uso da fotografia, objetos menos brilhantes foram finalmente observados. Ficou claro que o Sol fazia parte de uma galáxia formada por bilhões de estrelas. A existência de outras galáxias, um dos tópicos do "Grande Debate", foi estabelecida de forma definitiva por Edwin Hubble, que identificou a nebulosa de Andrômeda como uma galáxia diferente, além de muitas outras a grandes distâncias, afastando-se de nossa galáxia.

A Cosmologia Física, uma disciplina de grande intercessão com a astronomia, realizou grandes avanços no século XX, com o modelo do Big Bang quente fortemente apoiado pelas evidências fornecidas pela astronomia e pela física, como o redshift de galáxias bem distantes e de fontes de rádio, a radiação cósmica de fundo em micro-ondas, a lei de Hubble e a abundância cosmológica de elementos químicos.

Bibliografia
Aaboe, Asger. Episodes from the Early History of Astronomy. Springer-Verlag 2001  ISBN 0-387-95136-9
 Aveni, Anthony F.  Skywatchers of Ancient Mexico. University of Texas Press 1980  ISBN 0-292-77557-1
 Dreyer, J. L. E. History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler, 2nd edition. Dover Publications 1953 (revised reprint of History of the Planetary Systems from Thales to Kepler, 1906)
 Evans, James. The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy. Oxford University Press 1998  ISBN 0-19-509539-1
 Fontaine, Joëlle e Arkan Simaan. "A Imagem do Mundo dos Babilônios a Newton" (Companhia das Letras, São Paulo, 2003).
 Hodson, F. R. (ed.). The Place of Astronomy in the Ancient World: A Joint Symposium of the Royal Society and the British Academy.  Oxford University Press, 1974  ISBN 0-19-725944-8
 Hoskin, Michael. The History of Astronomy: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-280306-9

 Neugebauer, Otto. The Exact Sciences in Antiquity, 2nd edition. Dover Publications 1969
 Pannekoek, Anton. A History of Astronomy. Dover Publications 1989
 Pedersen, Olaf. Early Physics and Astronomy: A Historical Introduction, revised edition. Cambridge University Press 1993  ISBN 0-521-40899-7
 Rochberg, Francesca.  The Heavenly Writing: Divination, Horoscopy, and Astronomy in Mesopotamian Culture.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2004  ISBN 0-521-83010-9
 Stephenson, Bruce.  Kepler's Physical Astronomy, Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, 13.  New York: Springer, 1987  ISBN 0-387-96541-6
 Walker, Christopher (ed.). Astronomy before the telescope. British Museum Press 1996  ISBN 0-7141-1746-3

Ligações externas

Astronomia


Eight months after spending Christmas locked in a dirty cell, Sheffield student Ahmed Sedeeq still faces the prospect of being deported back to Iraq.
Released from Morton Hall immigration centre after 60,000 people signed an online petition, the Computer Science PhD candidate is now going through an asylum case with the Home Office, which will decide if he can stay in the UK.
The Let Ahmed Stay campaign are currently fundraising to pay for his legal fees as MPs have warned case costs are "unaffordable" for many asylum seekers due to government cuts.
Lord Mayor Magid Magid is to attend a fundraiser barbecue this Thursday, taking place at Echo Beach at Dina from 5:30pm to 10:30pm.
Ahmed said: "I am humbled by the kind support I continue to receive. It is an honour to have the Lord Mayor say that he will come to my BBQ party and his support of asylum seekers like me is very much welcomed."
Ahmed was detained for 11 days over Christmas because he accidentally overstayed his visa. Friends who visited him said that he was kept in a dirty cell with no toilet, had no regular food, and went without any medication while suffering from flu.
Morton Hall has been the site of several migrant deaths in the last year, leading to calls from charities for an inquiry into conditions. Ahmed said that conditions in the centre "made me understand why people would want to take their own lives".
Ahmed came to the UK in 2013 after fleeing his hometown of Mosul in Iraq, which was occupied by Isis the year after. Ahmed would be unsafe back home because he is an atheist.
At the time of his release, Ahmed's friend Alvin Pastore said that his release was "[temporary] and subject to detention and deportation". He was given no guarantee that he would be able to continue his studies.
Established three months ago, the Let Ahmed Stay campaign are putting all funds that they raise towards Ahmed's legal case.The BBQ party on Thursday will feature vegan food and a set from local DJ K-Dogg.
Over 300 lecturers signed a letter supporting Ahmed organised by Unis Resist Border Controls. University of Sheffield lecturer Mark Pendleton has described Ahmed's treatment by the Home Office as "appalling".
"Ahmed is an important part of our Sheffield community. We stand with him as he fights for justice and his right to stay in the UK safely."
Full information on Thursday's BBQ event can be found on the Facebook event page.


text:
Maternity Mates
FGM /C
Health Referrals
Become a WHFS Trustee
Donate to WHFS
Maternity Mates - Testimonials
WHFS (Women's Health & Family Services) has been supporting women in Tower Hamlets since 1981 and the Maternity Mates™ programme was established in 2010 to help pregnant women. Our Maternity Mates staff and volunteers take great pride in their rewarding work and the feedback we have received reflects their dedication.
The mums' experiences of Maternity Mates
"She's been great at listening to me. Sometimes talking about my worries made me realise actually I had made them bigger in my head than they actually were. She really helped me put things in perspective." (Mum)
"My Maternity Mate was a very nice lady, she was very understanding and I found her to be very comforting. She understood why I felt so low and some days I did not want to do anything but she has helped me rebuild my confidence a little." (Mum)
"Without them I would not even know there were antenatal classes. My Maternity Mate booked the antenatal class for me." (Mum)
"I felt that I was treated well by everyone involved during my labour because my Maternity Mate made sure I was OK and that the midwives were respecting my wishes. I felt like [due to] their presence the midwives were very careful with me and my needs." (Mum)
"My English is so poor so I feel without my Maternity Mate there would be lots of misunderstandings between me and the professionals. Their presence helped a lot, to ease the communication between both parties." (Mum)
"…this time, everything [was] different. I was suffering because of my depression…It was good, it was different like lots of people in a circle. Everyone was there in one room. I was getting individual support from everyone." (Mum)
"My Maternity Mate understood my needs and I felt like everything will be OK because she was with me." (Mum)
"I wish I had the support of a Maternity Mate during my first pregnancy….maybe some of my problems would have been picked up." (Mum)
The midwives' views of Maternity Mates
"I have referred quite a few of my clients to Maternity Mates and they have all reported fantastic experiences! One lady particularly who I saw this week told me that she felt empowered and confident about her pregnancy and birth as a result of the involvement of her Maternity Mate, and this has had a really positive impact on other aspects of her life as well." (Midwife)
"I even took some leaflets and gave them out to my colleagues as well; I think it's fantastic, especially for women who don't speak English." (Midwife)
"With a [professional] doula, they tend to cross boundaries, they don't know the limits…and they tend to interfere with your clinical decision. In the Maternity Mate's case, they knew their role, they knew what their duties were, to support the women." (Midwife)
"I would love there to be more Maternity Mates at Newham as we have many women who have very limited knowledge of what will happen in labour and also have difficulties in communicating, as their first language is not English." (Midwife)
"The Maternity Mates knew their role and what their duties were to support women, which they carried out excellently." (Midwife)
What volunteers say about being a Maternity Mate
"It was a very special experience for me being a Maternity Mate - it was a learning curve, it was positive and exciting. I have used it as a stepping stone and as a tool for my self-education." (Maternity Mate)
"I saw being a Maternity Mate as a professional job with clear boundaries." (Maternity Mate)
"I felt privileged, honoured and anxious because I had the skills to help the mum and the thought of making a difference made me feel good." (Maternity Mate)
"We get an enormous response to our open days to recruit Maternity Mates - we had 140 women responding to one advert. This is because local women have heard about the quality of the training and many wish to pursue a career in midwifery." (Jasmin Begum - Project Manager, Maternity Mates)
Our funder's view of Maternity Mates
"WHFS provide an excellent, comprehensive support system to women through the Maternity Mates service and THCCG will work closely with them to ensure more and more women access support through a Maternity Mate." Catherine Platt, Commissioning Lead for Maternity Services at Tower Hamlets Clinical Commissioning Group (THCCG)
Please click here for contact details for the Maternity Mates team.
Maternity Mates™ is the registered trademark of WHFS (Women's Health & Family Services)
Become A Maternity Mate
BBC Radio 4 Feature
Maternity Mates Win Big Lottery
Stories of Encounters Booklet
Community Mediators & Advocates
FGM /C Peer Support Project
FGM /C Resources and Links
ROSA Project 2014
Raising Awareness of FGM /C Amongst Housing Providers
WHFS Lead FGM /C House of Commons Seminar
Community-based Research
WHFS (Women's Health & Family Services) is a registered charity
Charity No: 1033764 | Registered Company No: 2897750
This site uses cookies to give the user the best online experience. By continuing to browse this site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Cookie Policy


While a group of deep sea divers are testing out new state-of-the-art equipment, an ocean lab, there's an underwater earthquake, a crevasse opens and the entire ocean lab falls in. Howeer, Dr. Samuel Andrews (Walter Pidgeon of VOYAGE TO THE BOTTOM OF THE SEA movie) and his chief diver MacKay (Ernest Borgnine) feel that they may be alive. So they take an experimental sub, lead by Cmdr. Adrian Blake (Ben Gazzara) down into the trench. Yvette Mimieux (THE TIME MACHINE) is also on board for eye candy. They are surprised when they go down into the trench and find giant plants and animals which look exactly like species they are familiar with.
The first part of this movie is great. There's real ships, real submersibles and people diving. Yet when they get into the experimental craft and are steering amongst the giant creatures, the miniature sub looks like it's being pulled along in someone's salt water aquarium. The only threatening scene is when MacKay goes outside and is pursued through seaweed by a huge striped tiger looking fish. Otherwise, I had a hard time suspending my belief in all of this.


Popular Products of Fire tube 6t diesel steam oil steam diesel boiler for textile industry by Gas Steam Boiler - Henan Swet Boiler Co., Ltd. from China.
hot cold atmospheric water generator price,Hendrx air water generator. US $450-950 / Piece . 1 Piece new generation CLRG0.15 atmospheric pressure hot water boiler . wood drying textile drying application high capacity with low production cost hot water generator steam generator.
normal pressure coffee shell water boiler in Textile Industry During the process of dyeing and drying in textile industry, steam plays an significant role, the industrial boilers is used combined with resing finishing stenter, dyeing machine, drying room and mixing mill.
elevation atmospheric pressure for sale - 180 - Agent elevation atmospheric pressure wholesalers & elevation atmospheric pressure manufacturers from China manufacturers.
ELECTROLUX ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE BOI, 0L1151. Order from Heritage Parts the leading online provider of OEM commercial kitchen replacement parts. Most parts ship same day.
pressure boilers in Textile Industry. During the process of dyeing and drying in textile industry, steam plays an significant role, the industrial boilers is used combined with resing finishing stenter, dyeing machine, drying room and mixing mill.
CLSG oil and gas fired hot water boiler is vertical fire tube chamber consumption structure, which is suitable for gas or liquid fuel. Because of no working pressure, there is not any possibility of explosion for the boiler and can be placed anywhere.
textile industry; oil mill; Small industry ; oil/gas fired 3 pass heater in which Thermic fluid can be heated upto 300° C almost at atmospheric pressure. Thermo Pack Boiler is a closed Thermo pack Boiler circuit unit in which a hot thermic fluid is circulated. The heat is transferred to process through a heat exchanger in user equipment.
The temperature range is 60~180℃, price for 4500 kgs Boiler is available for textile industry, which achieves high working temperature (330℃) under low working pressure (10 bar). Except hot oil boiler, oil gas fired steam boiler and biomass water tube steam boiler is also suitable for textile factories.


WELCOME IN THE NEW YEAR WITH SOME GREAT COMMERCIAL FLOOR COVERINGS.
IN STOCK AND READY TO INSTALL.
Give your B class or C class property an A class face lift!!!!
Under $30.00 / m2 FULLY INSTALLED, with full commercial warranty. WOW!!!!
limited stock... GET IN QUICK!
Carpet is Tactics (Australian made), from Beaulieu Australia.
($28.69/m2 includes carpet and installation direct stick to substrate.
(Uplift and disposal of existing floor coverings, floor preparation and furniture moving are not quoted in this price).
To enquire about this carpet range call us today on (07) 3275 3767 or complete our online enquiry form below.
Copyright © 2019 Carpet Clearance Warehouse.


A woman and two children had to jump out a window as a fire destroyed several homes in Paterson, injuring four people and displacing 28 others.
The fire began shortly before 4 a.m. Friday at a home on 477 Ellison St. It spread to adjacent homes at 475 and 479 Ellison St.
Several neighbors, including a 16-year-old boy, helped rescue people.
The fire destroyed two homes and the third sustained smoke damage.
Fire officials say the cause of the fire is under investigation.


text:
The Taxi Takes on Terror > Blog > taxi
Obama's War – a Nobel Peace?
It's beyond ironic to think that President Barack Obama received the Nobel Peace prize. This, just as he makes the largest blunder in the history of wars and orders more troops to catapult an ongoing escalation into another decade of suffering. It has been the aggressive policies post 9/11 that have sharpened the dagger of Islamist terrorism in the World. The Iraqis, the Afghanis have already acted like a forest that is being burnt down in search of a target – sometimes a man named Bin Laden and at other times fictitious Weapons of Mass Destruction. To send more troops into Afghanistan at a time when America is still struggling under economic debt is creating more enemies. In fact this time, I think Obama is creating enemies out of his own American citizens who once believed in 'change' and now plead for health reform and more jobs rather than America's 6th war since the end of WW II.
Artists, writers, news anchors, journalists, filmmakers, poets, trapeze artists and anyone else with a voice and body need to have their say and speak out. The cartoon above was published on Little Alex in Wonderland along with the eloquent and incredible Noam Chomsky's 'take' on 'War, Peace and Obama's Nobel.' Michael Moore, the famous, talented attention grabbing documentary filmmaker wrote a letter to his president. Huffington Post carries this Open letter to President Obama.
Read it and go have a conversation with your Pakistani cab driver in New York. He'll probably tell you he's not planning on taking a trip back home this X'mas. Obama's choices are creating an inferno of problems in Pakistan and the Indian sub continent. And with this surge, it's only going to get worse I predict. Unfortunately no 'Change' for the better.
no comments	| tags: 26/11 terrorist attack, Afghanistan, Barack Obama, empowerment, New York City, Obama's War, photoblog, taxi, taxis, terrorism, terrorists, war	| posted in 26/11 terrorist attack, 9/11, Afghanistan, America, counterterrorism, gender, George Bush, India, Indo-Pak relations, Jihad, Obama, Pakistan, South Asia, taxi driver
More about Mumbai
It's important to understand Mumbai and what it's all about. Recently a fantastic fifty reasons were penned down by Kanika Parab & Mansi Poddar on CNNGo about why Mumbai should be considered the greatest city in the World. The list includes six features which play a relevant role in 'The Taxi Takes on Terror.'
So at number three there is the Famous Ladies Specials which even got press in the New York Times article I posted. Yes it's good for Indian women to have a hassle free commute.Though I think woman, all around the World have commuting stories of alarm and horror that they could share.
Leopold Cafe, and it's distinctive charm and toughness is at number 24. I know that people still throng this bar and the 26/11 attack didn't make any dent in it's popularity. In fact more people probably go to see the bullet holes and shattered glass now more than ever.
And at number three we have the taxis! The 'kalee peelee' or black and yellow cabs which are fun and noisy, old and sacred, tarnished and decorated, sturdy and yet unfortunately slowly leaving the landscape of the city. The Government has passed a law that forbids taxis that are older than 25 years to stay on the streets. So the iconic Fiat taxis are being replaced by zippier Omnis, Santros and Marutis. But you'll get to see a lot of these soon to be vintage classics on The Taxi Takes. So stay glued:)
The 'dhobhi ghats' of Bombay are a historic place where the laundry of Bombay comes to be washed at row upon rows of stone wash pens. A 'dhobhi' is a washerman and nearly two hundred 'dhobhis' will wash clothes together at any given time. I met two of these 'dhobhis' who have been washing clothes in Bombay as part of a profession that has been passed on to them by their grand fathers. At one point when the taxi driver and two washermen were talking in the taxi, I chuckled to myself thinking I really had an incredible slice of the working class! So at number 37 we have the Dhobhi ghats.
Haji Ali , the miraculous floating Dargah comes in at number 43. Built in 1431 by Sayed Peer Haji Ali Shah Bukhari, a rich Muslim merchant it is one of the most recognizable structures off the coast of Southern Mumbai. I have some wonderful footage of the taxi driver Jamid Ali standing near the mosque , by the water's edge as the sun was setting behind him. He sang a song he had written in dedication to his mother, who died when he was nine. I'll put a clip of him on his profile page eventually.
The last reason was because there were so many holidays in Mumbai. Due to it's multi cultural, multi ethnic and secular nature India houses every religion in the World. So at any given time of the year Indians can expect to have a holiday celebrating either a Christian, Hindu, Muslim, Jewish, Parsi, Buddhist, Sikh or Jain tradition.
The other reasons are also fun, brilliant and definitely worth a read for anyone who has heard of Mumbai but never been there. A great city in a wonderful country. More on Mumbai later.
no comments	| tags: 26/11 terrorist attack, Bombay, drivers, India, Leopold Cafe, Mumbai, photoblog, taxi, taxi driver, women	| posted in 26/11 terrorist attack, Bombay, gender, India, Leopold Cafe, local train, Mumbai, South Asia, taxi driver, women
A woman in a Taxi
Being a woman sitting in the front seat with a male taxi driver is something else.
But before I talk about getting into the front seat and driving along with taxi drivers you need to understand and explore the stage itself. The stage is Bombay, a city that merges both diamonds and dirt in one stroke. I discovered this city with my new friends, the drivers. And who better to help you discover a city than a taxi driver, who spends his life navigating the streets.
Coming from New Delhi it felt like quite an accomplishment to be in this very male dominated space and feel respected. A recent study conducted by the National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science at the behest of the Indian home ministry's Bureau of Police Research & Development showed that 80 percent of women in New Delhi feel unsafe. So of course my mother warned me against any filming at night and even my male friends advised me to get a car to follow us at night.
Well I didn't hire a taxi to follow me around as you guessed but one of the many things I learnt about Bombay was how women felt safe and could travel late at night without worrying. One taxi driver even went to the extent of telling me that if a woman was walking naked on the streets of this city, no one would even try and touch her. And he took his hand off the steering wheel and pointed his finger straight ahead when he said this. Several drivers made similar comments and after a month and a half I think I shed a lot of my Delhi inflicted influences and came to settle into a very comfortable and commanding position in the front seat with my camera.
I know that several people will think that the power of the camera might have also played a role in demanding that respect and yes it probably did to some extent. But being an Indian woman sitting in the front seat with the male taxi driver, with a camera in my hand, in Bombay will have to be another post.
4 comments	| tags: gender, India, Mumbai, photoblog, taxi, taxi driver, women	| posted in gender
4 Responses to "A woman in a Taxi"
ALCI Says:
July 8th, 2009 at 8:28 pm
Who took the photo? Looks like a National Geographic shot.
I prefer Mumbai. Bombay is a colonial name. It could be Bambai for Hindu, Urdu, and Persian speakers but that sounds too much like Bambi, the legendary baby deer from the American animated movie.
Keep te blog entries coming! It's really nice to read them now I'm in the city myself.
Take care, Christina
Thanks Christina. Keep me posted of your experiences with taxi drivers and Mumbai!
Alci, Philip Urech took this picture.


text:
Science & Mathematics Biology
Are blond haired, blue eyed people genetically superior to other hair/ eye/ skin colours?
First off let me say I have no intention of offending anyone by posting this, and I know it sounds awfully like Nazi propaganda (which it probably was at one point) but I know nothing about biology or genes so would like to hear an educated opinion. My point is this; if we all evolved from dark-haired apes in... show more First off let me say I have no intention of offending anyone by posting this, and I know it sounds awfully like Nazi propaganda (which it probably was at one point) but I know nothing about biology or genes so would like to hear an educated opinion.
My point is this; if we all evolved from dark-haired apes in to dark-skinned people living on what is now the continent of Africa, and then spread out across the globe, surely the white blond/ blue eyed people were the last to develop as their colouring would have taken the longest time to develop. So does this mean anything genetically?
As I have previously I am not racist, a facist, a Nazi or anything else of the sort but I am uneducated when it comes to matters of biology and the above argument does sort of make sense to someone with no knowledge of the subject, so I'd just like it cleared up by someone in the know.
I know nothing of science but have phrased this as PC as I could so please no comments about me being a Nazi.
Best Answer: It really depends on what environment you reside in.
These days, with brick & mortar housing, air conditioning & sunblock, it doesnt make much of difference.
But the people who have lighter skin, blue eyes... etc adapted to the environments in which they migrated to, for their body to function the best it could in those conditions.
Most africans remained dark skinned, much like many of the equatorian societies, as this was more ideal for surviving the elements.
Sickel Cell Anemia, for instance only occurs in those of more rescent african descent, because certain people developed blood cells which functioned in a manner to discourage infection from malaria... but it can also have a very negative effect on the function of the human body, especially when living in an environment which does not have a malaria issue.
It's called evolution, and just because the scandinavians ended up with paler skin (from long winters, and the need to absorb as much vitamin D from the sun's rays when possible*pigment blocks some of these rays*) & blonde hair (same reason) & bigger boobs (no clue) does not mean they are superior than dark skinned Africans.
They may be better suited for Norway than Zimbabwe, but also true the other way round.
Human beings are animals... and just like different animal of the same species adapt to different environments, we do the same.
When you start putting superior on this question, you have to take into account a specific environment & survivability or even optimum bodily function.
The human race, on a whole, does not have one particular genetic design which I am aware of, that can survive most favorably in all habitable environments.
So, we just got to wait till the XMen come around. Cant wait
Hardly, otherwise whence all the jokes about blondes?
The following were all dark haired:
Einstein, Bertrand Russell, Sigmund Freud, Henry Ford, Beethoven, Mozart, Martin Luther King and Gandhi to name but a few.
I don't think colouring of hair, eyes or skin comes into it at all.
Tony h · 1 decade ago
Genetic differences occur as a result of random mutation. Those random mutations which offer some kind of advantage will in general tend to spread through a population over generations through the process known as natural selection (for example genetically slow wildebeests will tend to get eaten by the big cats, whereas genetically fast wildebeests will survive to have baby wildebeests).
In Africa, the climate offers an advantage to those with pigmented skin/eyes, as it offers a protection against tissue damage from the sun. In colder Europe, there is no such advantage, and therefore pigmented skin is dominant in Africa but not in Europe. Unpigmented skin is dominant in Europe because it allows better absorption of Vitamin D, which is useful when you go through long winters with little sunshine.
It is therefore misleading to think that one set of genes is "superior" - it merely contains a different set of mutations.
Graham I · 1 decade ago
No and yes ...
First, I would be very reluctant to say which skin/hair/eye colouring appeared last in the general population since I have no idea about that - and I wonder if anyone has even investigated that one yet.
My main point - variations in population like skin colour etc appear as adaptations to local conditions. So blond hair & blue eyes are very likely superior for the conditions prevelant in the geographical area in which they first appeared.
*BUT* these same variations could not be 'superior' in other locations ... otherwise the same variation (or very similar) would have appeared in a number of locations around the globe.
Since populations have only recently started to be connected in the sense of mobility and social interaction we are a long way from seeing what adaptations (if any) emerge in the global population as a result of the new environment of the 21st centurary and beyond.
Source(s): I'm not an expert but have a good general understanding of evolutionary principles.
Brown eyed/haired people are less prone to sun damage to their skin and can see better in bright conditions than blue eyed people... so no.
203 · 1 decade ago
Judging from the NCAA record books, blonde-haired, blue-eyed people are genetically inferior to the rest of us.
Your premise is that those who developed blonde hair and blue eyes took longer to evolve. That's not the case. We all developed from a single common ancestor, which means we've all got the same amount of history behind us, genetically.
People of European ancestry are more resistant to AIDS, which seems to have a biological mechanism similar to the Black Plague. That's because Europeans lived in squalor with animals, and many of them were killed off in the Black Plague, with only the resistant ones remaining. Those in Africa lived in more healthful surroundings, so they didn't die off that way. Native Americans, who also lived in rather healthful surroundings, were largely wiped out by venereal diseases, smallpox and other "gifts" from the disease-ridden Europeans.
You sound like you'd enjoy reading "The Seven Daughters of Eve", link below. It's available in most libraries.
Source(s): http://www.amazon.com/Seven-Daughters-Eve-Science-Ancestry/dp/0393020185
it depends on your parents genes because certain genes are recessive and others are dominate. each gene has its own identity.
jcoberg10 · 1 decade ago
no, it makes you more likely to get cancer
Powerpuffgeezer · 1 decade ago
You may have a point there...
i hope so.... :-)
i have dirty blonde hair, and blue eyes :-)
Are blond haired blue eyed men attracted to black hair, olive skin, brown eyed ladies?
Who is the the real minority Blond haired blue eyed people Or people with dark brown hair, eyes and skin tone?
Best hair colour for fair skin and light blue eyes?
Brown hair+ blue eyes vs. Blond hair/blue eyes?
Blue eyes blond haired and pale skin?
How exactly does the primary structure of a protein influence its secondary structure?
Is there math involved in bio 250 lab? If yes what kind of math?
Which is more important for the survival of the fittest, natural selection or genetic mutation?
In evolution do species on evolve to lose something rather than gain something?
Atheists, what would you say if Creationists say im not ape?
How do women have babies?
When will we humans be able to 3d print a new perfect body and download our consciousness into it?
Why (NOT HOW) do we have hiccups? What if we didn't have them?
Can a brown eyed dad have two kids, one with blue eyes and one with green?


text:
North Carolina Central Tops Howard To Stay Unbeaten In Conference Play
DURHAM, N.C. – Senior quarterback Malcolm Bell amassed 345 yards of total offense and accounted for three touchdowns to lead No. 25 North Carolina Central University to a 30-21 victory over Howard University on Saturday inside O'Kelly-Riddick Stadium.
NCCU (8-2, 7-0 MEAC) remains unbeaten in the MEAC with its 14th straight conference victory. Wins by the Eagles and North Carolina A&T (9-1, 7-0 MEAC) on Saturday, sets up a showdown between the rivals on Nov. 19 at 2 p.m. inside O'Kelly-Riddick Stadium with the winner claiming the league's first outright conference championship title since 2012.
Bell's 223 yards and a touchdown through the air against Howard moves the three-year starter into second on NCCU's career passing list with 5,916 yards. The Richmond, Virginia native is also second among the school's career leaders with 7,258 yards of total offense.
With an average of 11.1 yards per carry and two touchdown runs against the Bison, Bell's 122 rushing yards on Saturday are the most by an NCCU quarterback since September 1999.
NCCU sophomore running back Ramone Simpson rushed for 81 yards and a score, while redshirt freshman Torri Cotton contributed 45 yards rushing, averaging 6.4 yards per carry.
Jalen Wilkes caught five passes for 64 yards to top the Eagles, followed by LaVontis Smith with four receptions for 58 yards. David Miller had three grabs for 36 yards, including a diving catch in the end zone, and freshman tight end Maleek Henderson also tallied three receptions for 36 yards.
Senior linebacker LeGrande Harley recorded a team-high nine tackles, including a huge stop for a loss on third down and short yardage to spark NCCU. Safety Alden McClellon collected eight takedowns, while Mike Jones, Jeremy Miles and Reggie Hunter chipped in six tackles each. Hunter closed out the game with his team-best fourth interception of the season, all coming in the last three outings. Antonio Brown had four tackles with two solo sacks to bring his season total to 7.0 sacks, tops on the squad.
NCCU finished the contest with 477 yards of total offense (254 rushing, 223 passing), while Howard posted 422 total yards.
Howard (1-9, 1-6 MEAC) was topped by running back Anthony Philyaw with 139 yards and a touchdown rushing and 45 yards receiving for 184 all-purpose yards. Quarterback Kalen Johnson completed 22-of-34 passes for 211 yards and two touchdowns.
The Bison defense was charged by linebacker Jalen Day with a game-high 11 tackles.
Courtesy: NCCU Athletics
North Carolina Central
Previous articleAlcorn State Dominates MVSU, Clinches SWAC East Division Title
Next articleAlabama A&M Tops Jackson State In Final Conference Game


You can now save time spent logging in by connecting your WordPress.com account to KnightS* Gaming & Airsoft.
KnightS* Battlefield V is looking for new players!
KnightS* welcomes Purpose Design as a new sponsor!
Nafy on KnightS* Battlefield V is looking for new players!
Ragieus on KnightS* Battlefield V is looking for new players!


Melitta coffee machines combine modern technology with classic brewing methods to maximise coffee enjoyment. We've got a wide range of Melitta accessories to add convenience and luxury to your coffee drinking routine as well as brand new Melitta coffee machines.
Get a great price with our Price Match Promise and fast convenient delivery with our Next Day Delivery option. Alongside UK delivery, we also ship Melitta products internationally so wherever in the world you are you can enjoy a truly special coffee experience.


Tummy tuck or no tummy tuck, Kim Zolciak wants the world to know that her body is fit and fab. The Don't Be Tardy star, 36, has been frank about her various plastic surgery procedures on her Bravo spin-off show, and has since taken to social media to address the haters.
The mother of six went on to explain her reasoning for getting a tummy tuck on her already tiny, size 4 frame.
The wig-wearing wife of Atlanta Falcons football player Kroy Biermann certainly isn't shy when it comes to her body. In fact, she painted on Biermann's jersey in a racy photo shoot, showing off the look in an Instagram video. See Kim's changing looks through the years.


remarkable inch white bathroom vanity with top vanities legs square sink 36 wi.
martin single inch cottage white transitional bathroom vanity with top 36 antique vanities.
bathroom vanity recommendations new wall mounted rosewood than luxury 36 inch white recommend.
36 inch white bathroom vanity base cream without.
white bathroom vanity 36 inch base single sink.
inch bathroom vanity with sink ideas white set 36 shaker vanit.
bathroom vanity set inch with top combo x white 36 base bath.
remarkable white bathroom vanity with black top acclaim single inch contemporary 36 blac.
vanity inches photo of inch bathroom with top bathrooms remodeling throughout white plans 3 36 granite i.
beautiful inspiration inch white bathroom vanity and elegant with bath tropical 36 top an.
inch vanity with sink white ideas transitional 36 bathroom marble top.
bathroom vanity inch vanities inches with tops white 36 carrera marble top.
sightly inch white bathroom vanity single square sink in with marble 36 shaker.
white bathroom vanity inch 36 shaker.
aqua inch bathroom vanity white finish 36 antique glass.
white bathroom vanity inch vanities bath the home depot with drawers 36 top d.
sightly inch white bathroom vanity with marble top innovative on pertaining 36 granite b.
white bathroom vanity inch 36 with sink.
aqua inch bathroom vanity white finish tempered glass top pertaining to stylish home vanities 36 with d bath i.
classic inch white bathroom vanity with marble top 36 granite you will never believe these bizarre truth beh.
inch white bathroom vanity with granite top presented to your residence 36 marble.
vanity long bathroom with one sink single without 36 inch white wi.
white vanity cabinet bottom drawer available widths inch and in 36 bathroom van.
more photos to inch white bathroom vanity 36 without top.
inch white bathroom vanity with top hamlet double sink set quartz in porcelain ideas 36 cabinet si.
best white bathroom vanities images on intended for incredible home inch designs 36 vanity w.
inch antique bathroom vanity white finish 36 wide single sink with an off.
white bathroom vanity inches inch single sink set 36 with carrera marble.
image of bathroom vanity white 36 inch base.
inch white finish bathroom vanity set with mirror 36 drawers.
grey inch offset bath vanity with white quartz marble top 36 bathroom shaker.
antique white bathroom vanity gray and built in 36 inch w.
model inch single bathroom vanity in white marble 36 book of vanities inches.
first inch white vanity with black granite top and sink 36 bathroom cabinet.