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Attachment, Childhood Development and Refugees
July 6, 2017 ~ Frank
In the 1970's and 1980's the dreadful phenomenon of newborn babies withdrawing from cocaine began to emerge on an increasing basis. This was fairly rapidly recognized in areas in which heroin addiction in pregnant mothers and the withdrawal of their newborns was already well known. As the blight of cocaine spread across the country as the cartels and then somewhat later the national and regional gangs moved violently into the cocaine distribution and territorial control of the cocaine world, this became more widespread outside the proverbial 'big city,' largest urban areas where it had seemed until that epoch of time that those cities were the centers of drug abuse in general, which was of course partially a myth. that myth, pejorative as it was, came to be diluted and less true as the meth epidemic hit with the recessions of the late 1990's and the Great Housing Bubble and Financial Meltdown Recession starting in 2008 or so, thanks ironically to the richest brokerage brethren in New York City.We learned to detox newborns and treat them and their mothers in the cocaine era as we had done starting in the 1960's in the heroin era. We began to learn though, that the effects of children exposed in utero and born into withdrawal, manifested developmental problems in their early and later childhood years. It became more obvious to the child developmental researchers in all those affiliated disciplines that detoxing the baby was only the start of the developmental treatment needs that these children would come to need. Issues of lower intelligence in certain areas, developmental delays in general in everything from learning to read and grasp the fundamental concepts presented in preschools such as shapes, colors, and even their art productions were hindered, delayed and markedly different from developmental norms. These children began to manifest aggression, hyperactivity and higher levels of aggression, inability to exhibit ordinary levels of self-inhibition, delay of rewards, ordinary sharing with others and many other social behaviors and skills that we often take for granted. In my mind these children represented a modern partial equivalent and new cohort of severe ADHD children much like the post Economo's encephalitis that occurred in 1919 during the Spanish/Russian influenza pandemic that left many thousands of children 'brain damaged,' and hyperactive, and stimulated the earliest 'child guidance clinics,' in this country such as the Judge Baker Clinic in Boston. [This almost more than any other 'event' gave one of the biggest pushes to starting the discipline of child psychiatry].
Now we are on the precipice of learning through basic brain research about the long lasting and actual physical changes in children's brains from natal exposure to drugs such as heroin and cocaine. Brain research is showing daunting, frightening and even chilling findings that children's are functionally and developmental physically changed.
The controversial magazine, Mother Jones, has this month published an article, "The Opioid Epidemic Is Literally Changing Kids' Brains: One effect: These children are more likely to use drugs later in life," by Julia Lurie, on July 5, 2017. It is well worth reading in its own right.
The article points to the coming era of research on childhood post addiction issues. One of those areas we already know a great deal about. There is, for instance, a growing body of social research literature concerning "Adverse Childhood Experiences," or ACEs. This is a recent label-shorthand term used to refer to and encompass the childhoods of children, say with parents or parent, with continuing addictions and all the behaviors and child care deficits that accompany this debilitating social=medical-legal lifestyle and its effect on the young child.
One issue is that of defective attachment. Rene Spitzer the famous developmental pediatrician in Paris and others after him such as the Anna Freud group in London, the child psychoanalytic groups in New York and Boston in the decades after WWII, all demonstrated the importance of attachment between mother and caretaker in the earliest days and months of life through even the teen years. Spitzer showed the appalling effects of lack of attachment in babies in Paris orphanorges. Babies were not held by the nuns in the largely Catholic sponsored orphanages but a few times a day, when they had to be fed on strict schedules or when they had to be changed. Other than those times they were not talked to, held, sung to or anythiing. Within even the first year of life, they would develop ruminative syndrome behaviors of eructating, or vomiting up, their feedings into their mouths and chewing and mouthing them over and over simply to furnish themselves more oral stimulation to make up for the lack of physical touch and holding. They did this so much that their appetite mechanisms and social needs/drive/wishes for feeding diminished markedly. They became "anorexic,:, lost weight progressively and often died of self-starvation. Spitzer studied this by observation and head scratching developmental thinking in the immediate post-WWII years when there were so many orphaned infants and children, and also sadly due to the hardships of life in the post-war years when food and even milk was so scarce, the plentitude of abandoned infants and children by parents who could not care for them. I recall only part of a cruel angry common comment quoted in the post-WWII press that said something to the effect that it was a daily occurrence for infants to be abandoned on the steps of Catholic churches in Europe in those years.
In any case, Spitzer somehow hit upon the notion that the babies were not receiving enough holding and tactile stimulation. He noticed that infants who had begun to develop the anorectic behaviors also demonstrated a turning away from the facings and verbal ministration of the good nuns who fed and held them at their allotted times. This was, in my opinion, one of those moments of true genius in which someone like Spitzer had an epiphany before there was enough evidence in sight to easily suggest and point the way to the new idea. He began to hold certain infants both before and after they had developed the syndrome of rumination and anorexia. And he would hold them for longer and daily periods of time. He recruited more and more volunteers to do the same. And lo and behold the infants who received more holding did better, started responding interactively with their wet nurses, smile and coo and such, and eat and gain weight as well, or "thrive," as the pediatric practitioners call this process.
The study of attachment began then.
We have seen another version of lack of attachment in an old group of perhaps millions of children more recently perhaps beginning in the 1990's. Many many thousands of orphaned children from the broken Soviet Union came to be abandoned for reasons that are not clear to me during the years after the Soviet system crumbled. Probably it was the result of basic systems of agriculture, education, healthcare, employment for parents and national poverty making it hard for parents to adequately care for their children and they were abandoned by the hundreds of thousands. Many came to be warehoused, and I use even that horrible term apologetically, as what happened to those children was nothing short of barbaric [sorry Putin, but it's true].
Orphanages were placed in all kinds of abandoned buildings such as old research labs, abandoned schools, university buildings, armed forces barracks, factories. Conditions were horrible. Stories began to emerge of numbers such as six thousand or more children being housed in concentration camp like conditions with perhaps staff to children ratios of 1 to a few hundred were commonly reported in the Western press. Many adoption agencies, often church sponsored and experienced organizations, geared up to try to help. The adoption of children from Siberia, the Ukraine, Russia itself, Romania and other former Soviet satellite states increased to large numbers in a short period of time. As time went on, the adoption procedures, requirements, and fees skyrocketed and lengthened. The costs averaged $20,000 to #40,000 from families I had contact with who adopted such children. The stories brought by adoption workers and parents who visited these child warehouses for required get-acquainted visits were at the least unnerving and at the worst unbelievable.
Within two years or so, child mental health professionals of all disciplines started seeing these children en masse. The children presented a myriad of behavioral, educational, social and psychological/psychiatric problems. Many were beyond diagnosis in a sense since they displayed so many possible diagnosable conditions that many of us did not know where to start first or what to emphasize, for instance even in the simple routine task of affixing a primary diagnosis on insurance claims forms. Many of them redefined the diagnosis of "reactive attachment disorder," in form and numbers most of us had never seen before. In many of them who were adopted as older children, such as middle school, pre-teens, did not do well even with years of therapy, multiple stints of sophisticated residential long-term treatment. Those youth often left home illicitly, running away unpredictably and literally disappearing. Some resurfaced periodically or briefly and came back to their families but since they had not bonded to them, there was not strong emotional tie and they would become restless in family life and leave after brief "touching base" kinds of stays as I called them. A number of them became involved heavily in crime before they left such as drug dealing, petty or major theft. I remember one child who by age 12 was already regularly stealing and selling his stolen cars. Others would end up dead, killed in crime-related activities in other states and the families would get the sad news after those kids/adults were identified. Some were lost and no word was ever received of their fates.
Attachment deficits in the children of addicts are well described in the article referenced above. The parents cannot bond reliably as they are drinking and/or drugging compulsively, meaning in binges or nonstop and are not able to give anything in the way of a healthy, caring, "I'll Be There For You," as the song goes. No protection, no assurance that the child's needs from food to clothing, to heat and electricity in the home, to school supplies, to protection from sexual predators. Consequently, most simply put these children grown wisely, unfortunately, trusting no one. They seem to have the same vulnerabilities as their addict parents, the ability to experience ordinary pleasure is largely absent. This plays a huge part in why people who are or become addicts cannot get enough of their pleasure-giving drugs. The reward centers of the addicts' brains are changed, diminished in function and size. Ordinary pleasures such as doing well, excelling, getting praise, attaining a self-enhancing achievement, do nothing for them. These children also have a prior 'strike against them,' in that they have we know from research, the genetic, brain-based vulnerability to drug use and addiction. I have always thought this explained why many would use drugs briefly, and become 'instant addicts,' since their genetic history in their parents and extended families showed addicts everywhere in the family tree. Other folks could try some drugs [with perhaps the ominous exception of meth] briefly and not become addicts and relate in an interview, "eh, it didn't do anything for me…"
I have held the quiet opinion-fear for over 20 years, arising out of this understanding of severe attachment disorders, that we have generated a number of national and regional cohorts of similarly disturbed children in different places. The areas of the world where we have massive economic disruptions, years of famiines, refugee problems in numbers never seen in the world before, portend to me possible populations of these very impaired children who are orphaned, left to survive on their own in conditions that are in no way supportive of adeuate child development. There are perhaps just as many areas of the world who are really coping well with this sort of ciris. In South Africa which reportedly has the world's highest rate of parental death due to the HIV long standing epidemic there, has mobilized what look to be very good child villages adequately staffed, that offer good care to infants, toddlers, children and teens all over the country. Other countries appear to be copying this kind of effort some with increasing from western and religious based groups who see and are nobly responding tot his worldwide recent need.
But I worry that in other areas, children will have spent 20 years in war torn areas such as Lebannon until recently, functioning as "child soldiers," as has happened in civil war ravished areas of Africa still. These children have experienced continuous war as the entire normality of their lives. I fear and foresees a generation of new mercenaries who know nothing else, young assassins and killers who have no sense of right or wrong and will be social problems in their countries for decades to come.
So that is the impor of early childhood health bonding and attachment. Perhaps the United States' policy toward refugees should be the opposite of what is being proposed and implemented nowadays. We should take in as many refugee orphans and families as we can. We should place them in friendly communities and work to establish government sponsored as well as much as possible, local and culturally based help efforts based on the refugees' religions and social organizations to help them learn our language, work, educate and support the healthy development of their children. They and we will be the better for it.
in Mother Jones magazine
http://bit.ly/2uqNeiA
The Opioid Epidemic Is Literally Changing Kids' Brains
One effect: These children are more likely to use drugs later in life.
JULIA LURIEJUL. 5, 2017 6:00 AM
Dr. Nadine Burke Harris/Center for Youth Wellness
This interview accompanies a feature from our July/August issue about the effects of the opioid epidemic on children. Read it here.
Working at a clinic in San Francisco's poverty-stricken Bayview neighborhood a decade ago, pediatrician Dr. Nadine Burke Harris often saw patients who had experienced tough stuff, from incarcerated parents to violent homes to mentally ill caregivers. Many of these kids, she noticed, "failed to thrive"—they weren't developing physically at a normal rate, despite parents' best efforts to take care of them.
I had "a patient who is a six-year-old, who could literally walk me through every step of cooking up and shooting up heroin—who could sit there and pantomime it for me in front of my clinic."
And then, in late 2008, Burke Harris read something that seemed to explain what she was seeing. In a study of more than 17,000 patients, researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Kaiser Permanente found that those who had experienced more so-called Adverse Childhood Experiences—things like physical or emotional abuse, exposure to domestic violence, neglect, and parental substance abuse—were far more likely to experience a host of physical and psychological ailments down the line, from liver disease to emphysema to depression. Burke couldn't sleep for weeks after reading the study. "It was just the key to understanding what was happening biologically, and why I was seeing a lot of the things I was seeing in clinics," she later told SFGate.
In 2011, Burke Harris founded Bayview's Center for Youth Wellness, a pediatric clinic where clinicians also study the effects of childhood trauma and develop ways to reverse the damage. Burke Harris and the Center have attracted big name donors and publicity. She was the subject of a 2011 New Yorker profile and featured in Paul Tough's book, How Children Succeed. Burke Harris' TED talk on ACEs has been seen nearly than three million times. Google and San Francisco-based donor Tipping Point have donated millions. In the meantime, dozens of studies have corroborated the relationship between childhood trauma and poor health.
I reached out to Burke Harris to talk about the developmental and physiological effects one might expect to see among the children of the opioid epidemic—and what doctors can do about it.
Mother Jones: How does growing up with a parent who's using drugs affect a child's development?
Dr. Nadine Burke Harris: Let's start in infancy. One of the very important foundations of brain development is a phenomenon of serve and return. Babies look at their parents' faces, and they coo or they babble or they make facial expressions. When you have a healthy caregiver, the caregiver will return that. And that actually serves critical function for infant brain development, which is that when the baby serves it up and the parent returns that smile, that facial expression, that emotion, that helps to lay down neurological pathways for the infant. If it doesn't happen, that really harms infant brain development. So you could imagine that a parent who is impaired or clouded or blunted by heroin is not going to be doing as much of that serve and return.
The other thing that's really critically important that starts in infancy is attachment. Kids need safe, stable and nurturing relationships to understand that they are safe in the world. Babies learn the world based on whether they're going to be cared for and protected or whether they're not going to be cared for and protected. The attachment that's established in infancy has an impact on all of our relationships for the rest of our life.
MJ: And what about as kids get older?
NBH: Every time a child gets into a scary or dangerous situation, it activates their stress response. The repeated activation of their stress response is what leads to the biological condition that we, in pediatrics, are now calling toxic stress. Toxic stress are the long-term changes to not only brain structure and function, but also to the hormonal system, immune system, and even all the way down to the way our DNA is read and transcribed. And these changes lead to increased risk for mental health and behavioral health consequences—increased risk of depression, increased risk of suicidality, increased risk of anxiety. But also increased risk of things like substance dependence.
Kids who have parents who are substance dependent get a double whammy. They may have a genetic predisposition to substance susceptibility, and they also have both a psychological and a neurological increased susceptibility to substance abuse.
Often times, as a society, we look at the parent who is addicted and we say "Oh my goodness, how could you do this to your kid?" But if you go back far enough in time, you're going to find that parent when they were a kid, they were experiencing all the same things. And we know that an individual with four or more adverse childhood experiences is ten times as likely to be an IV drug user as someone with zero adverse childhood experiences. When we look at the folks who are using, we have to understand that this is a cycle.
MJ: Is there an anecdote that comes to mind that helps illustrate the impact that the opioid crisis is having on kids?
NBH: When my team called me about this interview, the first thing that came to mind was the experience I had of having a patient who is a six-year-old, who could literally walk me through every step of cooking up and shooting up heroin—who could sit there and pantomime it for me in front of my clinic. It's absolutely heartbreaking.
MJ: If you were to take a look at the brain of that six year old, or other kids who are growing up in similar situations, what sorts of differences would you expect to see, compared to a kid who is not going through that kind of trauma regularly?
NBH: The scientist in me will tell you that currently we don't have reference research to measure this and say, "Ah, I see we have an enlarged amygdala." But what we could expect to see is the activity and possibly the size of the amygdala would be increased. That's the brain's fear center. We would also expect to see decreased functioning of the nucleus accumbens, which is the brain's pleasure and reward center. Many people think that people get addicted to substances because they just can't get enough of it. And actually, interestingly, the brain's pleasure center derives less pleasure in people who are substance dependent. They get less pleasure from the substance, and therefore they try to use more and more and more to get to that place.
We might see impaired executive functioning: difficulty with a lot of the things that kids need to be able to sit still in class and pay attention. Impulse control, judgment, the ability to weigh and balance a bunch of different inputs at a time—and then figure out which one you're going to do and follow through on that. Those are all executive functioning tasks. And those reside in the prefrontal cortex, so we might see decreased prefrontal cortical activity.
If there was substance used while the child was in utero, then we might anticipate some other brain and body changes.
Rather than saying, "Automatically you lose your kid," maybe it's automatically you have to go to a mother-child rehab program that is focused on understanding what is the root cause
MJ: In some states, if a baby is born in opioid withdrawal because Mom was using during pregnancy—also known as neonatal abstinence syndrome—then the child is automatically removed from the home. What are your thoughts on that?
NBH: This is where I would love to see much more of science informing policy. You certainly cannot leave that child to be at risk in a household. But would a better statewide policy be to ensure that we have programs where young mothers are with babies? Rather than saying, "Automatically you lose your kid," maybe it's automatically you have to go to a mother-child rehab program that is focused on understanding what is the root cause—the driver behind the mom's substance use to begin with. Because whatever that is, that is probably the most dangerous thing in the household—whether that's mom's history of abuse or neglect or sexual assault or whatever it is. That thing will continue to come back and haunt that caregiver and the child-caregiver relationship for a very long time unless it's addressed. They have a program like that here in San Francisco called Jelani House.
MJ: How does the response to this epidemic compare to responses to past drug epidemics?
NBH: The conversations that are happening in the policy world on Capitol Hill around this opioid epidemic feel very different than the conversations that have happened in the past. It feels like people are much more able to frame the issue as a health issue than as a moral failing—or not even moral failing, but depravity that other substance use epidemics, like the crack epidemic that happened in the inner cities in the '80's. It seems like it's a very different narrative and a very different response.
MJ: Do you think that's because of race?
NBH: I think that there are multiple factors that play into it. This is America—undoubtedly race is one of those factors. But one really salient way in which that's happening is that for many of the [politicians] who are responding, they see it as "us" as opposed to "them." They see like "Oh my God, that's my cousin." For many people who are leading our national response in the United States, it's something that feels close to them, so we see greater empathy in the response.
MJ: What public health responses to this epidemic would you like to see happen?
NBH: We'd like to see every pediatrician in America screening for adverse childhood experiences, and making sure that children who are exposed to ACES are getting the care that they need so that we can do prevention. It's the old saying: "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure."
Posted in bonding, child development, early attachment
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Erlinda "Linda" Hernandez, 83, of Liberty, passed away peacefully at her home on April 11, 2018, with family at her side. Visitation will begin at 10:00 am, Rosary at 11:30 am, and Mass of Christian burial at 12:00 pm, on Monday, April 16, at St. James Catholic Church, 309 South Stewart Road, Liberty. Private burial in Resurrection Cemetery. In lieu of flowers, memorial contributions are suggested to the St. James Building Fund.
Linda was born July 31, 1934, in Holiday, KS, the ninth of ten children of Eligio and Gregoria (Sanchez) Hernandez. Along with her parents, Linda was preceded in death by seven siblings. She was a lifelong Catholic and member of St. James parish.
Survivors include her husband of 57 years, Fidencio; children, Monica Hernandez, Carlos Hernandez (Debbie, deceased), Carmen Siemens (Brett), Carla Williams (Paul), Leslie Hernandez Brown (Michael) and Raquel Starner (Paul); nine grandchildren; Cory, Siera, Jena, Calen, Hunter, Carmen, Cristyn, Sterling and Amberly; sisters, Jovita Martinez and Virginia Martinez; as well as many nieces, nephews, and other family members.


text:
State Rep. Rebekah Warren arraigned on drunken driving charge
Auburn Hills —A state lawmaker from Ann Arbor who is accused of driving drunk is scheduled to appear in court Feb. 19 for a pre-trial conference, according to court records.
State Rep. Rebekah Warren, D-Ann Arbor, was arraigned Thursday in 52-3 District Court in Auburn Hills on a count of operating a vehicle with a blood alcohol level of .17 or more, known as Michigan's "super drunk" law. A judge set a personal bond of $500.
She had no comment Friday through her attorney.
Under state law, a first offense for driving with a blood alcohol level of .17 is a misdemeanor. The penalty for the crime is a fine of at least $200 or a jail sentence of up to 180 days or driver's license suspension for a year or a combination of them.
Auburn Hills police said officers arrested Warren at about 11:15 p.m. Dec. 26, 2019, on Interstate 75 for suspected drunken driving. Motorists complained and one officer watched her bounce off a guardrail.
More: State lawmaker Rebekah Warren arrested for suspected drunken driving
Officials said she admitted to being at an event in Detroit, drinking and heading to her home in Ann Arbor. She failed field sobriety tests and refused to take a preliminary breath test, they also said.
Warren was arrested and later refused to submit to a blood draw, forcing police to obtain a warrant to get a sample for an blood alcohol level test.
She issued a statement the next day, taking "full responsibility" for her actions.
Warren was elected to her House seat last November after serving in the state Senate for eight years. Before that, she was a state House member from 2007-2010.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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the reference point shifted to the left), give me a suggestion for how much.


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When it finds ascending groundwater it would go to work until the threat passes. Afterward it gently stands down, anticipating no thanks, and puts itself back on guard anticipating the next call to duty. A sump pump is like a alert, hardworking small robot standing sentry in your cellar.
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These occupations can involve looking for facts and figuring out problems mentally. Freedom — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no oversight, and depending on oneself to get things done. Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
We are receiving an extremely high volume of calls at this time, if you get a voice message please leave your name and phone number. Click on that link and you will see renewal information, a paper application that can be downloaded, directions for filling out programs, and a link to the online application.
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Monthly guidance on the best way to make your home eco-friendly, including energy and water saving suggestions, healthy home products, green remodeling, and more, plus special offer. Plumbing may additionally comprise hydronics, which involves heat and cooling systems utilizing water to carry thermal energy.
When complaints about wrong installed plumbing or permit conformity originate, inspectors investigate and work to redress issues. Learn how you can get or renew your plumber or plumber trainee certificate, or your medical gas endorsement and pay the associated fee ONLINE.
Call the local plumbing specialists to schedule an annual inspection of your plumbing system. The professional plumbers listed on Plumbing Networks are screened to ensure quality service so you won't need to worry if your work is being done right. Along with whole plumbing services and repairs for your house, we additionally have resources and licensing to install plumbing systems in new homes and commercial websites, including the latest state of the art energy saving technology.
The proposed rules will provide the most recent standards to protect the well-being and boost the safety and wellbeing of Michigan's residents by regulating the installation and inspection of plumbing within the state. Commencing July 1, 2014, a new evaluation seller will begin supplying new discipline evaluations for master and journeyperson degrees in the pipes, HVAC/refrigeration, mechanical, and hydronic areas.
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If a licensed plumber terminates sponsorship of an apprentice plumber, the next form must be filled out and submitted to the Section. Threaded conduit joints are sealed with thread seal tape or pipe dope.
As a family owned and managed company with over 30 years of expertise, we know what it takes to ensure that your plumbing needs are addressed efficiently, quickly and professionally. That is why we're North America's largest supplier of plumbing services, repair, and sewer and drain cleaning.
With the other men, you have restricted communication and can only expect that the plumbing problems are solved right the first time. We are a family oriented, owner operated business that ensures your complete satisfaction from the minute you contact us. Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, procedures, and the tools associated with the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
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He fast repaired my water hammer dilemma and a leaking pipe. We can help you pick the best water softener that fits your needs and install it for you. I had the water turned off and was about to head for a hotel for the night!
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Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' demands and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job. These occupations can involve trying to find facts and figuring out problems mentally. Autonomy — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
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Find out where it goes and how it's treated before it flows into a river near you! If your basement feels damp or smells musty, you will need a sump pump. Whenever you flush the toilet or wash something down the sink's drain, you create sewage (also known in civilized society as wastewater).
Failure to exhibit the correct number or enabling shared use of licensing amounts may result in prosecution for a Class A misdemeanor and may result in a fine of $1,000 and suspension/revocation of the permit.
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Click the green tab to the left indicated Licensure, then look for the link labeled "Renew a License". If you are also rekindling a plumbing permit, be sure to click the box that appears when you start filling out the application.
Inspects and permits new or changed residential and commercial plumbing installations to assure conformity with the Health Department's plumbing code. Trainee plumbers that have had two years (3,800 hours) experience in learning and assisting in the installation, alteration and repair of pipes under a plumbing contractor may work without supervision during their third year and fourth year, just on single family dwellings and only upon satisfactorily passing a state-administered examination. You can rely on our analysis of your home's plumbing and air conditioning problems in addition to our recommendations for plumbing and ac repair, setup, and maintenance.
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Join ASPE and the plumbing engineering community as we celebrate 50 years of progress throughout the year. Read about the most recent process for sustainable fuel, what to consider when installing indoor climate systems and learn to be a trusted adviser with the 2015 water heater regulations. Competition for young design talents differentiates five visionary bathroom concepts in the domain of the concept design award 2014.
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After a maximum apprenticeship period of six years, those people who don't apply for the plumber's licensing assessment (or fail the examination) will not be eligible for a renewal of the apprentice permit.
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Those people seeking a plumbing license with the Section must submit a plumbing permit application 30 days before the test date and pay the required fee of $100 for in state applicants or $125 for Chicago and out of state applicants. Hollowed wooden logs rolled in steel banding were used for plumbing pipes, particularly water mains.
Insure quality drinking water and keep your family safe by understanding the hazards and regularly examining your water Even if your tap water comes from a reservoir, chances are it previously passed through underground caverns where it consumed mineral deposits. nStandard storage tank water heaters typically must be replaced after about a decade, but your family can last years longer with some homeowner maintenance.
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Failure to show the correct number or permitting shared use of licensing amounts may result in prosecution for a Class A misdemeanor and can result in a fine of $1,000 and suspension/revocation of the license.
Fees must be submitted with the application to be able to be processed. Only twice annual, we send our seasonal specials that can save you hundreds in products and services. To view a summary of accredited contractors, click on the Licensure tab to the left and then select Contractor Licenses or click the link below. Powerful March 12, 2014 fees for the Contractor license will be $250.
Plumbing – the occupation of a plumber (installing and repairing pipes and fixtures for water or gas or sewage in a building) Rely on the name that you can trust for all your pipes alternatives. With a name like Dallas Plumbing Company, you may not consider us as air-conditioning and heating specialists, also.
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No one knows for sure, but chances are, it'd make a terrible mess. Please fill out this form and we will get in touch with you shortly. Should you live in a apartment building, you are certain to see a sign put up by direction to keep your faucet dripping when the weather report forecasts freezing temperatures.
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We are receiving an exceptionally high volume of calls at this time, if you get a voice message please leave your name and phone number. Click that link and you will find renewal information, a paper program that can be downloaded, directions for filling out programs, and a link to the online program.
Find out how to retrieve lost jewelry in the kitchen sink, garbage disposal or shower drain. The Department also is responsible for the enrollment of plumbing contractors and the creation of a minimal plumbing code of standards.
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After a maximum apprenticeship period of six years, those people who do not apply for the plumber's licensing exam (or fail the assessment) isn't going to be eligible for a renewal of the trainee license.
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Starting July 1, 2014, a new assessment vendor begins providing new discipline examinations for master and journeyperson degrees in the plumbing, HVAC/refrigeration, mechanical, and hydronic subjects. The proposed rules will give you the newest standards to protect the health and boost the safety and wellbeing of Michigan's residents by regulating the installation and inspection of pipes within the state.
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I never need anyone else but Sam unless it is a disaster Your service technician today was very educated and quick at getting the repair done. nAngie showed up right on time and worked solid through the morning while he was here.
Please enter your ZIP Code and choose your local shop, so we can supply present product and pricing information available for your own region. Based in your current location, we've chosen a shop to give you the most up to date collections and pricing accessible. Start with the complete line of SharkBite push-fit fittings, designed and tested to the highest standards—no soldering or glue needed.
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The 2021 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa during the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Hawkeyes played their home games at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa, and competed in the West Division of the Big Ten Conference. They were led by 23rd-year head coach Kirk Ferentz.

With a victory over rival Nebraska on November 26 coupled with a Wisconsin loss to Minnesota the following day, Iowa won its first Big Ten West title since 2015. They competed in the Big Ten Championship Game against East Division co-champion Michigan, where they lost by a 39 point margin. Iowa capped the 2021 season with a frustrating 20–17 loss to No. 22 Kentucky in the Citrus Bowl. The Hawkeyes finished with a record of 10–4 (7–2 B1G), the seventh season with 10+ wins in the Ferentz era.

Junior center Tyler Linderbaum was named Big Ten Offensive Lineman of the Year, unanimous First-team All-American, and was awarded the Rimington Trophy. He later became the 11th Iowa player of the Ferentz era taken in the first round of the NFL Draft.

Previous season
After scheduled games against Northern Iowa, Iowa State, and Northern Illinois were canceled due to the Big Ten Conference's decision to play a conference-only schedule, the 2020 Hawkeyes team finished with a 6–2 record to finish in second place in the West Division. They received an invitation to the Music City Bowl with a matchup with Missouri, but the game was cancelled due to a COVID-19 outbreak within the Tigers' football program.

Schedule

Roster

Rankings

Game summaries

No. 17 Indiana

Source: Box Score

Iowa jumped out to an early lead and never looked back. The Hawkeyes defense came out in full force, getting three interceptions – including two pick sixes by senior Riley Moss – and kept Indiana out of the end zone. Equally impressive for an opening game, Iowa limited itself to a mere two penalties.

at No. 9 Iowa State

Source: Box Score

This season's Cy-Hawk matchup was a showdown of top 10 teams in the AP poll, making this the first time the schools have faced off as ranked opponents. ESPN's College GameDay was on hand for the second straight time in the series as the annual contest was cancelled the previous year due to COVID-19. Iowa extended its win streak in the series to six games, and has now won five consecutive games against ranked opponents – its longest such streak since 1960.

Kent State

Source: Box Score

The Hawkeyes, playing as an AP top 5 team at home for the first time since 1985, won for the 300th time at Kinnick Stadium since its opening in 1929. Tyler Goodson had his best game to date, rushing for 153 yards. This was the first meeting of the programs since 2004.

Colorado State

Source: Box Score

This was the first meeting between the two schools. After a sluggish start, the Hawkeyes shut out Colorado State in the second half to extend its streak of holding opponents under 25 points.

at Maryland

Source: Box Score

In the first match-up of the teams since 2018, Iowa tied the school record with six interceptions in this lopsided road win. It is the first 5–0 start for the program since 2015. The Hawkeyes also scored the most points in a quarter since 2002.

No. 4 Penn State

Source: Box Score

Iowa was seeking its first home win over Penn State since 2010 with Fox's Big Noon Kickoff on hand. This match-up of top five teams in the AP poll was the first such game at Kinnick Stadium since No. 2 Michigan visited the No. 1 Hawkeyes in 1985. Iowa fell behind 17–3 to PSU, but after an injury to Nittany Lions quarterback Sean Clifford, the Hawkeyes slowly clawed back, outscoring Penn State 20–3 the rest of the way to earn the 23–20 win. With this victory, Iowa improved to 6–0, became bowl eligible, extended their overall win streak to 12 games, and ascended to No. 2 in both major polls the following day.

Purdue

Source: Box Score

The unranked Boilermakers dominated this matchup with the Hawkeyes, and won for the fourth time in the last five meetings with Iowa.

at Wisconsin

Source: Box Score

The unranked Badgers dominated this matchup with the Hawkeyes, and became the first Iowa opponent to score more than 24 points since the 2018 regular season finale.

at Northwestern

Source: Box Score

Backup quarterback Alex Padilla led two first-half touchdown drives, and the Iowa defense forced three interceptions as the Hawkeyes snapped a two-game skid.

Minnesota

Source: Box Score

In Alex Padilla's first start at quarterback, Iowa won for the seventh straight time in this trophy series. Padilla threw for two touchdowns and ran for another in the victory. The Golden Gophers haven't won at Kinnick Stadium since 1999.

Illinois

Source: Box Score

Iowa won for the eighth straight time in the series. Illinois hasn't won at Kinnick Stadium since 1999.

at Nebraska

Source: Box Score

After facing a 21–6 third quarter deficit, the Hawkeyes rallied to earn a win over the Cornhuskers as they outscored the home team 22–0 to end the game. It was Iowa's fifth straight victory in Lincoln and seventh straight victory overall in this trophy series.

vs. No. 2 Michigan (Big Ten Championship Game)

Source: Box Score

This game marked Iowa's second appearance in the Big Ten Championship Game (2015). Ferentz is now 1–2 against Michigan in the Harbaugh era.

vs. No. 22 Kentucky (Citrus Bowl)

Source: Box Score

The Wildcats and Hawkeyes faced off for the first time, and Iowa returned to the Citrus Bowl for the first time since the 2005 Capital One Bowl. The loss kept the Hawkeyes from winning four consecutive bowl games for the first time in program history.

Awards and honors

Players drafted into the NFL

References

Iowa
Iowa Hawkeyes football seasons
Iowa Hawkeyes football

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A Room of One's Own welcomes former chief of police, pastor, and poet David Couper to discuss his latest collection of poetry, In My 80th Year!
Couper's latest of five books of poetry uncovers and addresses an area of his life in which he, up to this time, had not addressed: his life as a police officer. In My 80th Year contains 56 new poems and addresses the harrowing times in the life of a cop, encounters with race and racism, a loving relationship, suicides, and those men and women with whom he has worked over the years.
David Couper may be familiar to Madison residents. He served as the city's chief of police from 1972-1993. He also served in the U.S. Marines. After his retirement from policing he attended seminary and was ordained as a priest in the Episcopal Church. He currently serves a small parish in North Lake near Milwaukee.


We work with exciting, global brands to extend their brand and product portfolios.
We use innovative technologies to make product and services that meet the needs of underserved consumers and communities in specific categories.
Currently Bullitt Group holds global licenses from Caterpillar Inc, Eastman Kodak and Land Rover, and has a growing portfolio of connected device products covering the rugged, lifestyle and outdoor categories.
The 66th Most Vaulable Brand Globally*, Caterpillar Inc. is a globally recognised name in construction and mining machinery and engines. Wanting to bring their reputation for hard-wearing equipment to those working or living in tough environments, Bullitt Group partnered with the brand to develop a new range of rugged smart and feature phones designed to challenge expectations of what a phone can and should do. Today, Cat® phones are distributed globally to over 70 countries, redefining the impact of workplace technology.
Known for their premium all-wheel-drive vehicles, Bullitt Group brings Land Rover's passion for seeking adventure anywhere and everywhere to smartphones with Land Rover Explore: The Outdoor Phone.
Bullitt Group has created a range of JCB tough phones (2013-2017), the Kodak Ektra smartphone and ranges of high quality audio products under the Ted Baker and Ministry of Sound brands. The Ted Baker range comprised earphones, headphones, Bluetooth speakers and DAB radios featuring classical designs, and constructed from finely finished metal and leather. The Ministry of Sound range included wired and Bluetooth earphones and headphones, Bluetooth speakers and WiFi connected multi-room speakers. This range featured contemporary designs and HiFi quality audio tuned by the experts responsible for the creation of the club's world renowned sound system.


Handmade Sterling Silver Circle Earrings - "Orbital"
These handmade earrings are made up of circles of various sizes, which provides lots of movement; almost like little mobile earrings!
These unusual earrings are available in sterling silver or sterling silver and gold as shown. They come to you in a gift box.
Clean and polish using a premium quality polishing cloth such as the Sunshine Polishing Cloth that I use in my studio. This cloth cleans all metals as well as glass.


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Yuma, The Territorial Prison State Historic Park offers a view of the Old West..
Prisons have always had a fascination for people. The concept of captivity is so repelling that people's curiosity and dread are aroused. The Arizona Territorial Prison State Historical Park incites special interest since it has a strong association with the Old Wild West, enhanced world wide, with its portrayal by Hollywood. The Prison has been a location for cinema several times with "3:10 to Yuma" as just one example.
The Prison opened in 1876 and the inmates were put to work building its massive granite walls lined with cells each holding six men. The original cell block still remains and shows how the inmates were quartered.
Our guide was Anna-Jannette Mosqueda, Assistant Director of the Park, who had some wonderful stories about both the prisoners and those that guarded them. While grim the prison did add facilities like a hospital, library and recreational facilities before it closed in 1909.
The cells are still frightening to see, two tiers of three bunks in a six foot by 9 foot room of granite walls with a bucket for personal needs. The "Dark" cell can still be entered, situated deep in the cliff, with only a sliver of light. It was the punishment cell. Nothing Toady of "Wind in the Willows" faced in the "deepest, darkest dungeon in all of Merry England" could compare with the Dark Cell.
We first visited the Park forty years ago and much has been added since then. For us the Prison Museum was of so much interest that we spent the good part of an afternoon there on a second visit. Here one learns about some of the individual prisoners, their photos, who they were, the nature of their crime and the length of sentence. There is also a theater with a video describing the prison from opening to closing. And a second video shows scenes from an early movie that used the prison for location.
Sometimes the name of a prisoner jumps right out of a history book. "Buckskin" Frank Leslie was one of the men who fought besides Wyatt Earp and Doc Holiday in the legendary gun battle at the O.K. Corral. Buckskin had been a bartender in Wyatt's brother's bar. He is believed to have killed Bill Clairborne in the shootout and is said to have been as fast with a pistol as Doc Holliday. He was in prison for killing his girl friend and pardoned sometime later
Some prisoners never could change their original character. A. L. McDonald was Superintendent of Phoenix Schools until he was sentenced to prison for forgery. In prison he became bookkeeper and kept the accounts of prisoners earnings. After he was released it was discovered he had left with $130 of their money.
Violence appeared to follow some inmates their whole life. Barney Riggs served time for murder, was credited with saving the life of the prison warden during a riot and pardoned. After his release he was shot dead in Texas in 1902.
Women were also sent to the Territorial prison, twenty nine in all. A few achieved fame of sorts for their crimes. Pearl Hait was a partner in a stagecoach holdup. She served three years but later was once again in trouble with the law.
The museum also has photos of the prison wardens as well as accounts of prison riots and escapes. A. A. Stewart was serving fifteen years for assault but escaped successfully in 1900. Harry Fergusion, serving time for burglary, failed in his first escape attempt in 1985 but his second \in 1896 was successful. In all there were 138 escape attempts. Ninety six failed, forty nine were wounded trying to escape and eight were killed. Forty two made successful escapes but only two of these were attempted from inside the prison.
Heroine of the Prison is the Warden''s wife, Madora Ingalls. When her husband was taken hostage and a prison riot occurred she replaced the guard who was killed manning the Gatling machine gun in the Tower. She replaced him at the gun and held off the prisoners until help arrived. Later she founded the Prison Library.
On our second visit we were able to watch a skit that is performed by a group of four men and three women, all dressed in the fashion of the early west, on the lawn of the prison. The men had guns and faced off in gun fight positions ending in comic results. It was all great fun and the audience most appreciative. This takes place Saturday afternoon in front of the Visitor Center which is open daily for visitors.


Let's Turn Your WordPress Site Into Mobile Friendly!
Since the inception of the iPhone in 2007, smartphones from a number of manufacturers and they have now come to be a staple part of twenty first century living. While many never thought that web browsing on smartphones would take off because of the relatively small screens when compared with laptops and desktops, as of January 2015 smartphones are now the second most popular device used to browse and search the Internet. The smartphone closest rival, the tablet, comes in third place and also represents a mobile device for which design needs to be taken seriously, tablets hold the second highest sales conversion rates, suggesting that users are using their smartphones to browse for products but then using their tablets to execute the purchase. With such facts in mind, if you are running a WordPress site, but are yet to deploy a mobile friendly design, then you could be losing out on thousands of pounds worth of business. We have put together some plugin ideas for you that will help you to create a mobile friendly version of your website with minimal effort. Let's turn your WordPress site into mobile friendly!
Jetpack is a plugin that has been developed by Automattic, the team that develop and maintain WordPress. With such origins you can imagine that this is a high quality plugin that looks to provide complex functionality in a simple and easy to use form, and that is exactly what it does. The plugin can be used to offer mobile visitors to your WordPress site a fast and uncluttered layout that allows them to browse and read your content quickly and efficiently without the obstacles that using a desktop optimised site on a mobile device can introduce. While Jetpack provides a neat default theme, you can introduce your own CSS stylesheets if you wish to apply a more custom design to your mobile optimised website.
If your WordPress website is already well established, but doesn't have much of a mobile presence right now then WPtouch offers a quick solution to this. WPtouch is a mobile-only theme that displays your content. It doesn't mess around with any fancy graphics or anything else that isn't really conducive to a mobile visitor's experience. What you'll find is that once you have it installed your website will still look the same to anybody visiting it from a desktop or laptop computer, but when you access it from a mobile device you will be presented with a new theme that organises and displays your menus and content in a way that makes for a great viewing experience for any users.
Lazy loading refers to the practice of loading media on pages as it becomes visible to the visitor rather than downloading it all when the page loads at first. This can save you a lot of bandwidth because in some cases visitors may not need to view all media elements on a page, and it will increase visitor satisfaction because it can reduce initial page load times dramatically. BJ Lazy Load is a plugin for WordPress that will introduce this feature to your website, and will replace all of your graphics including post images and avatars with placeholders that will then load the desired image when the placeholder comes into view. In terms of the mobile viewing experience, this can help to improve load times over mobile data connections, the speed of which although improving, are still comparatively slow when put against the average home connection.
If on the other hand you would prefer to develop your own mobile friendly or device specific theme for your visitors, Any Mobile Theme Switcher can be used to trigger the use of a specific theme when a visitor accesses your website from a mobile device. You can also set it to use a different theme for visitors using different types of mobile platforms, so for example you could develop individual themes for visitors using iOS, Android, and Windows Mobile devices, and each theme would be able to take full advantage of the features offered by each mobile OS.
WordPress is the world's most popular tool for creating and managing websites, yes any kind of website, from a simple blog to a full-featured business website. You say you've never built a website? No problem! With WordPress you don't need any coding or design skills to create a professional looking site. If you want to use self-hosted WordPress site, you have to choose the right WordPress hosting provider.