This page was last revised on Feb. 25, 2019.
ALICE FRYER HALL (1904-1996), a teacher and journalist, moved to Zephyrhills in 1941. She was a member of the Chamber of Commerce, Garden Club, veteran's associations and the Democratic Party. She devoted herself to bringing a hospital to the community, which she did in the 1980s. She then raised $750,000 for state-of-the-art cardiovascular equipment. In the early 1970s she helped open the community's first nursing home. Hall supported the establishment of parks, museums and a rescue squad in Zephyrhills. She was born in Mississippi.
BENJAMIN M. HAMPTON (1841-1939) came to Florida in 1890 "in search of relief from a severe attack of rheumatism," settling in Avon Park. Upon recovering, he traveled to Colorado and Colorado in search for gold. He subsequently returned to Florida, coming to New Port Richey in 1918, when he planted a ten-acre orange grove, even though he was approaching 80. He was known locally as "the rancher of Rancho Glen Haven." He planted a new grove on his 91st birthday and lived to pick much citrus from his new grove before he died at age 98. He was born in West Philadelphia (later Fairmont Park), Pennsylvania, and he fought for the Union in the Civil War. In 1929 he said that one of his most treasured memories was seeing and hearing Abraham Lincoln.
GEORGE J. HANCOCK (1857-1929) was born near Hancock Lake. He married Mary Frances Jackson of San Antonio. His black-bordered obituary in the Pasco County News said, "In all Pasco County there was not a man more widely known nor better loved than George Hancock. He is a living personification of the old time Southern hospitality." He died on May 3, 1929, at his home in the Darby neighborhood and was buried at Townsend House Cemetery. His children were Henry, J. Ward, and Mrs. Ida Campbell.
HORACE JACKSON HANCOCK (1862-1914) married Alatha Frances Nicks (1876-1949) in 1895 in Brooksville. Alatha Frances Nicks, who went by Frances, was born April 29, 1876, in Brooksville, and died March 25, 1949, Tarpon Springs. They are both buried at Townsend House Cemetery. Frances never remarried. This information comes from their grandson Steven Hancock, who writes, "Alatha and Horace Hancock lived on a farm on the south shore of Hancock Lake down the lane from Townsend House Cemetery, so technically they lived in Pasco County, but just barely. Their sons George (b. 1898) and Robert (b. 1902, my father) were born out there." A picture showing Horace and Alatha on the farm is here and a picture of Horace Hancock with H. R. Nicks is here.
George Harshaw owned most of the property north of the Anclote River (Alt. 19) between the river and Dixie Hwy (Alt. 19 today). There is now a Tarpon Springs wildlife park where the homestead used to be. As a kid, I used to play in that old house. One of his daughters, Laura, married Peter Kapsalis and they had a dairy on the northwest side of the river and Alt. 19. One of the old dipping vats is next to my property. My father used to help round up the cows for them. My father also used to herd cattle for Sam Mickler along with his son Bart. Daddy said that sometimes they worked as far north as Main St. in New Port Richey (on the east side). When they were up that far, they would tie their horses up at the Hacienda Hotel and eat lunch there for a quarter.
JOHN GORDON HATCHER (1885-1945) was born in Levy County. He married Lizzie Tillis (1892-1950) in 1909. He lived in Cedar Key, Webster, Groveland, and Tarry Town before moving to Hudson in 1920. He worked in the fishing industry. According to his obituary he was prominent in the affairs of the Hudson community. Lizzie was murdered by her second husband, who subsequently committed suicide.
HATCHER, SALEM B., 89, of Hudson, died Wednesday (Dec. 20, 1989) at HCA Bayonet Point/Hudson Medical Center. Born in Bronson, he came here 67 years ago from Miami. He was a retired commercial fisherman and a Presbyterian. He was a World War I Navy veteran and a member of Veterans of Foreign Wars Post 6180, Port Richey. Survivors include his wife, Eda; four sons, Paul and Andy, both of New Port Richey, Austin and Calvin, both of Hudson; two daughters, Vada Keller, Wilmington, N.C., and Eleanor Pratt, Crystal River; 19 grandchildren; and 18 great-grandchildren. Wellwood Funeral Home, Hudson.
The following is from West Pasco's Heritage, by Julie Obenreder.
Salem Hatcher arrived in Hudson from Levy County in 1922. The first job obtained was working for the county building roads, filling swamp areas along Route 52, later worked on the construction of the road from Aripeka to Hudson. In 1925 when the boom sent wages sky-rocketing in New Port Richey he took advantage of it and went to work for Bragge Contractor in the city. He married Eda Collum, formerly of Georgia, in 1929.
Eda recalls her first impressions of Hudson. There were thirty two homes in the town in 1929. The old Kentucky Inn, built in 1910, located on old Highway 19 which wound along the Gulf, had a heavy black iron fence surrounding the two story frame building and a large square cupola was a landmark on the top of the Inn. The room rate was three dollars per month. She and Salem stayed there for a time after their marriage and in the year 1943 they purchased this building and reside there today. The fence and cupola are gone but otherwise the house remains virtually unchanged. Highway 19, of course, has been relocated and the house address is now Main Street, Hudson.
Salem also remembers the prohibition days when boats brought illegal whiskey from Cuba and Bimini. The men would bring the boats in to the bayous around Hudson, tie six quarts of whiskey in each bag, put it overboard, it would sink and remain concealed from the Coast Guard Revenue Representatives. They finally did catch one boat, "The Roving Gambler," in the bayou and this led to the slowing of the whiskey traffic for a time.
Horse Island, about two and one-half miles north Of Hudson, was a large fish camp where eight fishermen made their home. A turtle weighing five hundred pounds was brought in with one catch. Eda says it is delicious when sliced and cooked as you would a steak.
Salem had a boat and did some sponging in the 1940's. He used a hook to pull the sponge from the waters which were plentiful at a depth of eighteen feet. But in 1946 the sponge beds were depleted and the sponge industry ceased in the Hudson area. Salem and Eda had nine children. Three reside in New Port Richey, two in Hudson. Nan Lefils (daughter) is a New Port Richey Councilwoman - 1973-74.
Jefferson (Jesse) Taylor (1850-1928), q.v.
Ella Mae, b. Mar. 1891; d. Mar. 1, 1994; m. Henry Patterson (d. 1971) in 1970; no children. A Henry Patterson, presumably this one, was born Jan. 30, 1906, and died in Tarpon Springs in July 1971.
This document was provided by Laurie Baker. Another recollection of Ella Mae Hay Patterson is on the Sapling Woods page.
I was born three or four miles east of Port Richey. I was descended from Abraham and Sarah Hay, who lived north of Hudson and are buried there. My father, William Byrd Hay, was a Civil War Veteran. When I was about five years old, my father died. My brother, Olan, was about seven years old then. My sister, Sadie (Sallie) was about six years old and my youngest sister, Mattie Parker, was about six weeks old.
When my mother's mother died, Uncle Sam and Aunt Lizzie Baker took my mother to raise, as they had no daughters living. Several times when I was young, we visited Uncle Sam and Aunt Lizzie at Bailey's Bluff and Elfers (known as Sapling Woods then). My mother, Mary (or Mayme as she was called) took us by horse and wagon and we especially liked to go to Bailey's Bluff because then we could go swimming. At Bailey's Bluff they called the place the sponge crawls, where the sponge fishermen cured the sponges to sell. When we visited them there, Uncle Sam had a store and lived either in or near there.
When we visited our aunt and uncle at Sapling Woods, (Elfers) I always went right to the bookcase to look at the books. While others play, I loved the books. My mother predicted then that I would be a teacher; but I loudly denied that. I especially liked the pictures in the Bible, even the gruesome ones like Absolom hung in the tree.
In the kitchen at the Baker House which was separate and on the east side of the house, was a big dining room table in the middle of the room. In the corner was a "pie-safe", screened in front. Aunt Lizzie made light bread. When her grandchildren came, they asked for this, but my mother said this was not nice and we must never ask for things. I was glad when we came at the same time as the grandchildren, because we received some also. I especially remember Mayme and Badge Baker.
Once when we were traveling to visit the Bakers at Sapling Woods, the horse stopped and lay down and would not get up, or balked. Someone living nearby came over and invited us to spend the rest of the day and the night at his home, and probably the horse would get up in the morning—which he did.
This Baker House faced west and there was a porch across the front. We slept upstairs when we visited there. The children usually slept on pallets on the floor.
Again, regarding my relationship to Samuel Baker, he was my mother's father's brother. They had all lived in Key West, where my mother was born.
When it was time for us to go to school, we moved to Sapling Woods. The building was called something like Gulliford.
When I was very sick, I remember Miss Sue Baillie helping care for me. I remember Mrs. Pinkie Brown, who had two daughters, Vassie and Rene. We liked to visit at their house.
We moved to Hudson soon after and I finished the eighth grade in school there. A Hudson teacher, Miss Fannie Mobley, invited me to go to Dade City to live with her and her family, which I did for seven years. I taught school six months in the winter and worked in the tax collector's office in the summer. Both Fannie's father and sister Mattie were tax collectors for Pasco County at one time. I attended Professor Kar's [Corr's] Normal School and obtained a teaching certificate before I had even graduated from high school. About 1912 or 1913, I went to Tallahassee to college for one year. Cedora Futch and I lived together in the dormitory there.
I taught in various schools, Ormond Beach, Arcadia, Plant City and Tampa. I was teaching when I remember Hillsborough and Pinellas County being divided.
Meantime, my brother Olan died while in the service (of flu) and my mother moved to Tarpon Springs. I worked in the citrus packing house at Ozona, and then started teaching in Tarpon Springs (about 1924). I retired from teaching in June, 1962, after teaching 47 years. Most of the time, I taught second grade.
My mother died in 1949. My sister Mattie married Louis Smitzes and died of heart trouble in 1971. Sister Sadie was in a nursing home from about 1964 to 1971, when she died.
In 1970, I married Henry Patterson and continued to live on in the home place. My husband, Henry, only lived a year and a half after we were married, and passed away from a heart attack in 1971.
Now I enjoy the companionship of my cat, Baby, who can be quite bossy at times!
Ida Mioma Hay Mitchell, q.v.
According to Ash, they had five children. Thus some of the above names could represent the same person.
J. HARVEY HENDERSON (died 1959, age 78) was born in Goodman, Miss. He was a state plant board inspector. His brother was Homer C. Henderson, q.v.
John Marvin, b. Sept. 11, 1908, Hudson, Fla.; graduated from Gulf High School in 1928; m1. Kathryn Craig (b. Marion, Ala.) on June 23, 1935, at Dade City. She graduated from GHS in 1926. m2. Margaret Flowers Weitzel; d. Sept. 16, 2008, Albemarle, N. C.
ROSCOE BUSH HENDERSON (1906-1998) owned and operated Roscoe's Rexall Drug Store in New Port Richey for twenty years until he retired in 1960. He was born in Hudson. His family moved to Zephyrhills in 1915, then to Tarpon Springs, and then to Elfers in 1916. Roscoe Henderson was the valedictorian of the first graduating class of Gulf High School in 1924. School board records show him as a 21-year-old teacher at Gulf High School in the 1928-29 school year. In 1946 he moved to New Port Richey.
JEFFERSON ALEXIS HENDLEY (1854-1947) was a member of the Florida Constitutional Convention of 1885. He was born in Farmington, Kentucky, and graduated from Neophogen College and Washington and Lee University. He wrote that he began practicing law at age 14 and that in 1879 he moved to Texas, where he organized Mitchell county and was elected its first prosecuting attorney. He later moved to Florida, settling north of Blanton. In 1883 he was elected county surveyor of Hernando County. In 1886 he married Dolly Maynard of Perryville, Indiana. He was one of the organizers of the Bank of Pasco County. He was elected to the state senate in 1896. In the 1930s he wrote a series of newspaper articles on the history of Pasco County which were published in book form about 1943, when he was living in Dade City. A newspaper article about Hendley is here.
BENJAMIN HELMAR HERMANSON (1868-1944), according to a 1929 newspaper article, started the first store in New Port Richey, a hardware store, on the Boulevard, in 1914, and started a drug store next door to the hardware store in 1915. In a letter to the Port Richey Company dated Aug. 20, 1912, Hermanson wrote, "I have been in Cuba for five years raising fruit and vegetables, but found that Cuba was too far south to raise good grapefruit so decided to move to Florida. Last Fall I traveled South Florida, first along the East Coast, then inland and the West Coast from Ft Meyers to Port Richey. I was looking for an ideal location for fruit and truck gardening and found it at Port Richey, where I bought fifty acres on the Gulf Coast." He worked in real estate, helped organize the local Masonic lodge, and organized the first band in the community. He served on the New Port Richey city council for 12 years. A 1923 newspaper article reported that Hermanson was traveling to Cuba to inspect a tobacco plantation he owned there. According to a newspaper article at the time of his death, he was born in Minnesota and came to the area in 1912. According to a 1930 obituary of his wife, he came to what is now New Port Richey in 1911. A 1929 newspaper article about him stated he was born in Calumet, Michigan, and was taken to Finland when he was a few days old. In 1900 he married Louisa Putkomen (1863-1930), who was born in Viborg, Finland, according to her obituary.
OSCAR WILLIAM HERMS (1872-1947) operated a horticulture business, shipping his product to Northern markets. An article in the New Port Richey Post in Jan. 1916 reported that he came here from Portsmouth, Ohio, about three years earlier, having operated a similar business there. He was a member of the first New Port Richey City Council. According to his obituary, he married Ruby Eugene Clark (1887-1950) at the Clark home, which later became the Bay-Lea Inn, on June 30, 1912. He taught the Methodist Sunday school in Port Richey in 1915 and 1916. He was vice president of the First State Bank in New Port Richey and was on its board of directors. He was and a deacon of the Community church. The 1920 census shows they had two children, Louise and Clara. The 1930 census shows Oscar Herms' brother, Charles F. Herms (d. 1932), and his wife, Minnie M., were living nearby on Dixie Blvd. In 1936 Herms moved his business to Tarpon Springs.
Elvina (Vinie), m. Mickael Knowles Jr. about 1913.
Elisha Allen (1833-1907), born in Leon County. He married Mary Ann; they divorced about 1869. He subsequently married Eunicy Ann Carroll. After Eunicy died, he married Emma Olivia Roberts. Mary Ann Jane Cooper Hill married Daniel Orr and moved to Hillsborough Co. She died 1897 and was the first grave in the County Line Cemetery (aka the Willie Grantham Cemetery) on the south side of County Line Rd. between Cypress Creek Rd. and Livingston Ave.
Thomas J. (1838-1864), m. Sarah Ann Elizabeth Cooper (b. 1844, in Georgia) on Jan. 8, 1858, in Hernando County. Thomas died on Feb. 20, 1864, at the Battle of Olustee. After he died, she married Joseph Miller.
Amanda (1843- ?), m. Columbus Alexander. They had a daughter Elizabeth and a son Thomas Rutherford Alexander, q.v.
MALCOLM NICHOLSON HILL (1844-1936) and his wife Emma E. Hancock (1848-1916) were among the earliest settlers in the Port Richey area. Malcolm Hill was born on Nov. 3, 1844, in Marion County. He is shown in the list of Hernando County voters from 1865 (although this included what is now Pasco County). In the 1870 census, he is shown in Cedar Tree (post office), which is in the part of Hernando County which became Pasco County. In 1872 he married Emma E. Hancock. In the 1880 census and 1900 census he is shown as a farmer in Hudson. In the 1910 and 1920 censuses he is shown as living in Tarpon Springs. Aaron McLaughlin Richey's daughter recalled that "Mrs. Malcolm Hill was the other woman in that section, and she lived some distance away." According to several sources, in 1881 Hill moved from Brooksville to what would become New Port Richey. According to a 1935 newspaper article, he moved to Tarpon Springs in 1903, but according to a 1932 Tarpon Springs Leader article, he moved to Tarpon Springs in February 1908. According to F. C. Mallett, Hill was discharged at Appomattox along with James Washington Clark; they remained friends for the remainder of their lives. History of Tarpon Springs (1964) has: "Malcolm Hill, at the risk of his life, went to the rescue of Capt. Sam Hope on the battlefield in 1863 and brought him to safety." Some researchers are skeptical of this claim. The Tarpon Springs Leader spelled his middle name Nickelson.
Malcolm M. Hill, a native of Florida, came hither at about the time that James W. Clark, Sr., came. With his came his wife, whose maiden name was Emma E. Hancock. They made their home on what is now the Casson property on Massachusetts avenue. They had six children, one of whom, George, is dead. The others, Thomas J., John T., Clarence M., Carrie E., and Alice (now Mrs. Henry Nicks) are living. Mr. Malcolm Hill now lives in Tarpon Springs.
Thomas J. (1872-1947), a prominent resident of Elfers (see below).
Clarence M. (1875-1949), who was a marshal of Tarpon Springs.
Carrie E. (d. 1949), known as Aunt Cap'n. She was a practical nurse.
Forrest Dell (1906-1983), m. Lillie Mae Burney. A son, Forrest Dell Jr., graduated from Gulf High in 1965.
CHARLES HOWORTH HIMMELWRIGHT (1871-1942) was a citrus grower for 22 years. He came to the Dade City area from Doylestown, Pa., in 1919, and purchased grove property which he and his son Fred L. developed into one of the finest groves in the county. He was born in Chester, Pa. He was married to Mrs. Ida Evelyn Himmelwright. Their children included Mrs. Harry T. Lucas of Ashland, Va., and Fred L. Himmelwright of Dade City.
JOSEPH STANTON HODGES (1880-1950) came to New Port Richey from Quitman, Ga., in 1929, according to his obituary, and managed the C. S. Register Grocery in the Arcade Building for 18 years. His wife was Clemmie Leithan Hodges (1886-1981). His obituary listed his surviving children as Mrs. Howard Hodson of St. Petersburg, Mrs. Henry Williams of New Port Richey, and Mrs. John Zoffay of Frostproof. A son Lamar (1909-1946) was killed in an automobile accident.
CHARLES HOFFMAN (d. 1939) was the first mayor of Port Richey, taking office in 1925 when the city was incorporated. He was named Mayor in the charter, and was not elected. He came to New Port Richey about 1919 and was chosen vice president of the Avery Library in 1919. He was born in Michigan, and was a Michigan organizer of Theodore Roosevelt's 1912 Bull Moose campaign. In 1924 he was elected secretary-treasurer of the Florida Progressive Party meeting in Orlando. In 1926 he opened the Poole-Hoffman Drug Co. in New Port Richey. In 1926 he was secretary of the New Port Richey Chamber of Commerce. In 1927 he was president of the City Club and was the toastmaster for the opening of the Hacienda Hotel in New Port Richey. He died on Feb. 15, 1939. His wife, shown as Effa or Effie Barbara, was born in 1863 and died on March 26, 1940, at Tampa.
GEORGE HOLLAND (died in 1929, age 74) was a regular winter resident of New Port Richey beginning in 1915. The New Port Richey Press reported on May 1, 1925, that he was sworn in as city tax assessor. According to a 1929 newspaper article, he was born in Alden, N. Y., and had been the assessor in Sidney Township, Michigan, for 34 years.
MILLS HOLLOMAN (1795?-1882) was a free black man apparently living in what is now eastern Pasco County in the 1840s and 1850s. On Dec. 14, 1842, Mills Holliman (sic) applied for a homestead permit. A permit was issued on January 23, 1843, for property located in the Chicuchatta Hammock, specific location unknown at this time. This permit and final deed were eventually denied and he did not receive title to the property. The reason stated was "Refused on account of his color, (not white)." The Armed Occupation Act of 1842 did not allow non-whites to apply for land. He is shown as paying taxes as a free man of color in Benton (Hernando) County from 1845-1856. The 1850 census shows him a 50-year-old farmer born in North Carolina and living in the Buddy Lake Settlement census district. In 1857-58 Holloman's tax was paid by his guardian Nathaniel Moody. The 1860 census shows him age 64, born Virginia. In 1860 Tampa attorney James Gettis was listed as his agent. In 1863 Gettis was listed as his guardian. The 1870 census shows Holloman as 60 years old, white, born in Florida, using the Cedar Tree post office. Florida's Black Public Officials 1867-1924 has: "Born 1795, Virginia. Mulatto. Farmer. Died January 6, 1882, Hillsborough County, Florida. Hillsborough County Commissioner 1868-70, 1870-71." A son, Adam Holloman (1830-1905), also served on the Hillsborough County Commission. Adam's daughter Margaret married Levin Armwood in 1878. Information provided by Jeff Cannon and Dan Perez. More information is here.
JOHN G. HOLZSCHEITER (died, 1939, age 77) was a large property holder in the area and an early justice of the peace. He was a president of the city council and acting mayor of Port Richey and the first president of the Board of Trade which was organized during the winter of 1915-1916. He was from Kansas City, but was born in Germany.
Some information provided by Hope (Griffin) Adkins. For information on earlier Hopes, see the Hernando page.
JOHN JOSEPH HOWELL (1848-1915) settled near Fort Dade in 1865. In 1869 he married Sarah Elizabeth Smith. A daughter Rachel (1891-1938) married Francis Behring Kirman (1879-1955). Rachel Kirkman taught school at Trilby, the New Port Richey elementary school, and Gulf High School. More information on this family is on the Blanton page.
The late Hill Williams Howse ... moved from North Carolina to Ocala immediately after the Civil War, purchasing from the government a large tract which included Silver Springs. He was active in the early beginnings of the Ocala area, building and operating a sawmill, a cotton gin, the Palatka-to-Brooksville stage line and, in later years, represented his district in the Florida State Senate. He also constructed Ocala's first hotel.
Sallie (b. 1875) is shown as age 11 in the 1885 census.
Samuel Oliver "Knott" Howse (1877-1965) is shown as 10 years old in the 1885 census. He was living at Anclote in 1900, married to Florida Anna Baillie (b. Feb. 10, 1878; d. Feb. 5, 1941). They married by 1899. In the 1910 census of Hillsboro County he is shown as a ship's carpenter, 33 years old with wife Annie, 32, and Ellen May, 8, Kora J., 6, Irene, 4, and James, 2. His second marriage was to Freda Margaret (b. Sept. 27, 1881; d. Jan. 31, 1954). He was living in Port Richey when he died. He is buried at East Elfers Cemetery.
James B. Howse (age 4 in the 1860 census) is shown in the same household as Hill Howse in the 1860 and 1870 censuses. He was a postmaster at Silver Springs.
SIMEON F. HUCKABAY (died, 1929, age 70) came to Dade City from Dawson, Ga., in 1884, according to his obituary, and was engaged in the mercantile business there from that time. He was survived by his wife, three daughters, Mrs. Catherine McIntosh and Mrs. W. M. Gast, both of Dade City, Mrs. W. M. Hetherington of Plant City, and two sons, W. W. Huckabay and S. F. Huckabay Jr.
ISAAC WASHINGTON HUDSON SR. (1825-1892) married Amanda Luverna Cobb (1831-1922) on Nov. 9, 1848, in Marion Co. Georgia. They were parents of 11 children, 9 of whom reached adulthood and married. They left Alabama in 1868, locating first in Madison County, Florida. In 1870 they moved further south to the Chipco settlement, near what is now Blanton. Chills and fever from the undrained swamps and bayheads around Chipco and Hudson's bronchial trouble caused the family to seek the salt air of the Gulf. They arrived at what would become Hudson in late 1877 or early 1878. (Isaac W. Hudson Jr., who was born on Nov. 17, 1870, said that he was a little over seven years old when they arrived at Hudson. Hendley gives February 1878. The obituary of Amanda says they arrived in 1878.) Hudson provided quarters in his home for the post office, with John William Hudson (1859-1927) named the first postmaster and Joseph Byrd Hudson (1856-1950) named his assistant. I. W. Hudson Sr. prospered through a shipping trade to Cedar Keys and was able to buy 200 acres of land from the state at $1.25 per acre. He employed Henry Clay Bush to survey and plot the town site. Many of the present day streets in Hudson bear the name of Hudson's wife and children. According to Ash, about 1890, Joseph Byrd Hudson (1856-1950) and William Hudson established the first mercantile business in Hudson. Isaac Washington Hudson Sr. was born in Laurens or Monroe County, Georgia, on May 15, 1825, and died in Hudson on Aug. 3, 1892. Amanda L. Hudson died at the home of her daughter in Dade City and was buried there. According to Stanaback, "Some of his neighbors were Mr. Worley, Jess, William, and Joseph Hay, W. D. Frierson, Bill Land, William Bailey, Bill Tillett, Crockett Whidden, Sam Stevenson, Bug Stevenson, Allen Hill, Malcolm Hill, and Hill House."
"For 20 years my father was an invalid, with Cough and Bronchitis, and tried everything he could hear of without obtaining more than temporary relief. Being advised of Parker's Tonic, he began to use it, and before he had taken five dollars worth was cured. He is 57 years old, and has been well now over a year."—Jos. B. HUDSON, Hudson, Fla.
Isaac W. Hudson was a man of the old school. His house was open to all without charge. We candidates running for different offices traveled in buggies and on horse, dragging through sand and mud would camp out until we reached Mr. Hudson's. He would house a dozen of us in some way, feed us on fish, cornbread, and coffee, and would not take a cent from any of us.
ISAAC WASHINGTON HUDSON JR. (1870-1972) was the seventh of eight sons of I. W. Hudson Sr. He was born at Chipco. He attended school at Clear Lake, now Lake Jovita, living with the J. L. Portner family. He recalled in a 1952 interview the log house where school was held three months of the year. His teacher was a Mr. Benson. His father and brothers planted corn, sweet potatoes, sugar cane, peas and peanuts, not only to feed the family but to produce good hog meat, which was their main crop. According to a 1972 newspaper article, "At 20, he returned to East Pasco to attend Ft. Dade Academy near Lake Jovita, but he walked all the way back to West Pasco to court Miss Nettie Elizabeth Hay, carrying his shoes in hand to save wearing them out. At 25 he married her at Vereen in the Hudson area." Nettie was a daughter of J. T. Hay; Isaac had known her since he was 3 years old. They first lived at Hudson but later moved to Elfers. At age 35 he was elected a Pasco County commissioner. He was defeated in a race for Sheriff by Bart D. Sturkie in 1908 and 1912, the second time by 48 votes. In 1916 he was elected Sheriff. He lost again to Sturkie in 1920, but was re-elected sheriff in 1924. In 1928 he lost a bid for re-election to C. E. Dowling. This information is from Ash. On Dec. 28, 1917, Sheriff Hudson sprung the trap door as Edgar London was executed by hanging at the old Dade City jail. It was the second and of two legal hangings in Pasco County history. In his first six months in office, Sheriff Hudson raided 164 moonshine stills and put them out of business, according to the recollection of a son, Leon. Hudson died on Oct. 16, 1972, one month prior to his 102nd birthday. Hudson had three sons, one of whom, Leon (b., Aug. 6, 1900), became the Police Chief in Dade City in 1951. Another son was Elzie (1899-1981), who was a sheriff's deputy in 1925.
CLAUDE WILLIS HUDSON (1893-1976) married Lucy Daniels of Stonewall, N. C., in North Carolina in 1921. They had met when Lucy lived in the Port Richey area. They lived at 126 W. Montana Ave. Claude was a lifelong resident of Pasco County. He was born on Jan. 10, 1893, and died on Oct. 3, 1976. Children: Claude Jr., q.v.; Norma Mae (b. 1922, m. Melvin Draft, d. 1983); Joseph Earl (m. Shirley Casper); Sylvia (m. Holmes).
An audience estimated at over 500 persons gathered from all sections of Pasco, Hillsborough, Pinellas, Citrus and Hernando counties, at historic Mount Zion cemetery in the Fort Dade Section Sunday afternoon to pay last honors to the memory of John William Hudson, well known pioneer resident and farmer, whose death in a Tampa hospital Saturday from blood poisoning shocked this entire section. Services were conducted by the Rev. J. M. Mitchell of Elfers, a life long friend, and interment was in charge of Mortician Edgar Rawls of the Coleman and Ferguson Company of this city.
Probably none of the few remaining pioneer residents of Pasco county was better known than Mr. Hudson. He was one of the leading farmers of this section, active in all lines tending to develop the agricultural development of the county. Quiet and unassuming, he was a man of sterling character, who gained and held the respect of all with whom he came in contact.
John William Hudson was born in Andalusia, Ala., May 29, 1859, and had just passed his 68th birthday when death called him. As a boy he came to Florida with his parents in 1868, the family locating at Madison where they remained for one year, then moving to what was known as the Chipco section of w hat is now Pasco county, near the present town of Blanton. Here they lived, suffering the hardships of pioneer days for ten years, when they moved to the west coast and founded the present community of Hudson.
Mr. Hudson grew up on the farm, gaining such education as was possible from the schools of that day. For ten years he served as postmaster of the community, the only political office he ever held, or sought. On July 3, 1890, he was married to Miss Sarah Jane Fortner of Fort Dade, who survives him. In 1892 Mr. Hudson moved to the Fort Dade section, where he developed the leading farm in that section, and one of the best in the county, and on which home until his death.
Mr. Hudson's death was caused by an infection in his foot, caused by the warm weather, which developed into blood poisoning. Up until Thursday of last week his condition was not considered serious, and his removal at that time to Cook's sanitarium, Tampa, was more in order that he might receive better treatment, than because it was thought his life was in danger. Up to Saturday morning, reports received from him were that he was improving, and his death about noon was a sudden and unexpected shock.
Besides his widow Mr. Hudson is survived by two daughters, Misses Mildred and Mabel Hudson, one son Dewey Hudson all of Fort Dade, two sisters, Mrs. Mary Osborne of Kissimmee and Mrs. J. A. Mobley of Dade City, and five brothers, T. Byrd and Alfred L. Hudson of Hudson, James Thomas Hudson of Inglis, Wyley A. Hudson of Clearwater and Isaac W. Hudson of Dade City.
His remains were carried to their last resting place by the following old friends and neighbors, who acted as pall bearers: Judge O. L. Dayton, Judge J. W. Sanders, Jasper C. Carter, W. S. Larkin Sr., F. N. Ruger, and Harry Haywood.
Hershel, b. March 7, 1917, deceased. Children: Paul, Elaine.
JAMES WILLIAM HUFF (1840-1927) was a Medal of Honor winner who lived the last eight years of his life in New Port Richey. He is buried in Pine Hill Cemetery. Huff was awarded the medal on April 12, 1875, for "valiant conduct against the Apaches during the winter of 1872-1873." He was a sergeant in Company L of the 1st U. S. Cavalry. He was born Feb. 2, 1840, in Washington, Pa., and died Nov. 30, 1927, in Port Richey. His wife was Taliea Eva Bayer; they had two sons, Edgar and James, and three daughters, Lucy, Josephine, and Taliea.


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Archive | Flamingos RSS for this section
in Earth Changing Extremities, Flamingos
Thousands of flamingos dead due to disease in Mazandaran, Iran #flamingos #Iran
Dead Greater Flamingos at Miankaleh, Iran, this week (ISNA Iran)
Upward of 10,000 birds have been found dead at the Miankaleh peninsula, situated on the Caspian Sea shore in north-east Iran, in recent days.
According to Hossein-Ali Ebrahimi, head of Mazandaran province's department of environment, the corpses involve many different species, including Greater Flamingos, as well as ducks and grebes.
Ebrahimi noted that a group of experts from Iran's Department of Environment (DoE) has been sent to Mazandaran province to investigate the cause of the migratory birds' deaths. The carcasses were being collected for testing, with most being buried with sanitary precautions taken.
He said the DoE has banned hunting of migratory birds in the eastern parts of the province, where Miankaleh is located, until the investigations are carried out, adding that in order to maintain human health, the sale of any migratory birds in nearby cities would also be suspended until the exact cause of the deaths is known.
Influenza has already been ruled out as a cause of the mass die-off, but the reason for the shocking event remains unclear. While it is possible that this is a human-induced event, with deliberate poisoning carried out, the most likely explanation is natural water contamination through poisoning by algae and/or plankton, causing botulism. A similar event occurred in Rajasthan, north-east India, in November 2019.
Miankaleh is a narrow and long peninsula situated in the extreme south-eastern part of the Caspian Sea, covering an area of more than 68,800 ha. The peninsula is 48 km long, between 1.3 and 3.2 km wide, and sets apart the Gorgan Bay from the Caspian Sea. The wetland there is a wildlife sanctuary and hosts huge numbers of waterbirds throughout the seasons.
Miankaleh was registered as a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention in 1975. Then, in 1976, the peninsula was declared a biosphere reserve by UNESCO.
The reserve's ecological importance is particularly highlighted by the 250,000 migratory birds it hosts in winter, including Dalmatian Pelicans, Russian White-fronted and Greylag Geese, and White-headed Duck.
Courtesy of birdguides.com
https://tinyurl.com/rqbe4wc
in Birds, Ducks, Earth Changing Extremities, Flamingos, Water Birds
More than 20 #ducks and other #dead #birds in #Cochabamba, #Quenamari, #Bolivia
The dead ducks in several places on the banks of the Quenamari lagoon, in the Itocta Commune of the city. | DANIEL JAMES
Quenamari lagoon was full of herons, ducks of different species and flamingos. However, the picture changed drastically. Now, you have a mirror of water with more than 20 dead ducks, either on the banks, floating or being devoured by dogs.
Los Tiempos made a tour of almost half a lagoon in the southwest sector. It identified 18 ducks and other dead birds. Some were with the skeleton discovered, while others had the appearance of having only a few hours without life.
In addition, there were birds watered by the dry sectors. Also, it was noticed the presence of several packs that had in their snouts some of these to eat them.
The ornithologist Dennis Camacho explained that, in the visit they made with a group of biologists, they identified more than 20 ducks of three species, dead, in addition to other birds such as waterbirds.
"It's a high death toll. It is not normal. These birds feed on algae and microinvertebrates that live in the water. It's possible that it's something in the water, "Camacho explained.
The specialist indicated that they could not take any dead duck, because the people of the area were quite reluctant with their presence. However, they moved an agonizing duck to Agroflori to be treated.
On the other hand, one of those in charge of Agroflori, Soledad Vargas, explained that the duck arrived with diarrhea. In addition, it had affectations by an apparent fall.
They also received several messages from people who pointed out the presence of ducks that fell in their homes. All of them were sent to the Forestry and Environmental Police (Pofoma) for their rescue and delivery to the Government.
However, it is also the Mayor's task to do a toxicological examination to determine the cause of death of the ducks. A similar situation was experienced years ago in the Alalay lagoon and the municipality was responsible.
The panorama of the lagoon became bleak. There is almost no life. The water has algae and totorales without any type of management. It is in abandonment.
Courtesy of lostiempos.com
https://tinyurl.com/yy2egt7c
in Flamingos, Hurricane Alert
Hundreds of Pink Flamingos dead from Hurricane Irma in Cuba
Flamenco killed by Hurricane Irma in Cayo Coco / Photo: Dianelys Marín Dewar
The journalist Dianelys Marín, from the Avilanian media Radio Surco, the passing of Hurricane Irma caused the death of thousands of flamingos in Cayo Coco, one of the main tourist attractions in the country.
"More than twenty years of work in the northern cayía of #CiegodeAvila, destroyed in a few hours by # HuracánIrma. What devastation, what sadness …", said Marin in another post, who also said he would share the figures of the real impact of Irma in the flora and the fauna of the place, according to the estimates of the professionals of the Center of Investigations of Coastal Ecosystems (CIEC).
Courtesy of cibercuba.com
http://tinyurl.com/ycpumzhj
in Disaster Declaration Alert, Emergency Alert, Evacuation Alert, Flamingos, Gale Force Wind Alert, Hurricane Alert, Major Alert, Rescue Alert, Severe Weather Alert, State Of Disaster Alert, State Of Emergency Alert, Structural Damage Alert
Hundreds of flamingos killed, injured by Hurricane Irma
in Flamingos, Hailstorm Alert, Severe Weather Alert
300 Flamingos killed by massive hailstorm in Albacete, Spain
A strong storm water and hail, which fell in the province of Albacete, killed 300 copies of the lagoon of Petrola flamenco. Sources of the special services of prevention and extinction of fire in the region (Sepei) confirmed that storm also caused tens of specimens wounded, that have been recovered by environmental agents.
Ovidio García, head of the Sepei, explained that "the figures are not official and are environmental agents who will have the final count", although "the data that we have given have been 300 dead animals".
Environmental agents have spent long hours recovering adults and dead chickens, and injured animals. Garcia said that "the lagoon of Petrola is extensive, but not deep," by which rescues them "not have been complicated". The same lagoon already was the scene of the death of some 80 flamingos by a strong HailStorm and hail in 2010, and then Albacete bird recovery center took care of injured animals.
Courtesy of clarin.com
http://goo.gl/kBrp70

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Learn how to decorate a take out container with washi tape! This is a fun way to personalize for party favors, gift ideas, and more. It's SO easy!
Decorating party favors is really fun. Almost as fun as receiving them. I noticed those Chinese take out containers in the craft store the other day and knew that I had to show you how they can easily be customized with washi tape.
These would make great party favors, wedding favors or even just gifts for a friend. You can personalize with any letter of your choice. And even better? They are extremely easy. Keep reading to learn how I did them.
Choose your washi tape patterns and put down the base one first. I used a solid color one as well as a patterned tape. The solid color tape went down first.
Next to go down was the patterned tape. I put stripes over the solid tape, letting the solid peek out a bit.
Keep going until you have your entire letter. Can you believe how easy this was?
Now fill your container with candies, treats or whatever else you like. You know who would love one of these full of cookies? A teacher. And I would love one filled with cookies too. Okthxbai!


Home | News & Articles | The Miracle of Honey!
Do you know how important a food source the honey is, which Allah offers man by means of a tiny insect?
Honey is composed of sugars like glucose and fructose and minerals like magnesium, potassium, calcium, sodium chlorine, sulphur, iron and phosphate. It contains vitamins B1, B2, C, B6, B5 and B3 all of which change according to the qualities of the nectar and pollen. Besides the above, copper, iodine and zinc exist in it in small quantities. Several kinds of hormones are also present in it.
As Allah says in the Qur'an, honey is a "healing for men". This was confirmed by scientists who assembled during the World Apiculture Conference held from 20-26 September 1993 in China. During the conference, treatments with honey derivatives were discussed. American scientists in particular said that honey, royal jelly, pollen and propolis (bee resin) cure many diseases. A Romanian doctor stated that he tried honey on cataract patients, and 2002 out of his 2094 patients recovered completely. Polish doctors also informed the conference that bee resin helps to cure many diseases such as hemorrhoids, skin problems, gynecological diseases and many other disorders.
Nowadays, apiculture and bee products have opened a new branch for research in countries advanced in science. Other benefits of honey are described below.
Because sugar molecules in honey can convert into other sugars (e.g. fructose to glucose), honey is easily digested by the most sensitive stomachs, despite its high acid content. It helps the kidneys and intestines to function better.
When accompanied by mild water, honey diffuses into the bloodstream in 7 minutes. Its free sugar molecules make the brain function better since the brain is the largest consumer of sugar.
Honey provides an important part of the energy needed by the body for blood formation. In addition, it helps in cleansing the blood. It has some positive effects in regulating and facilitating blood circulation. It also functions as a protection against capillary problems and arteriosclerosis.
This bactericide (bacteria-killing) property of honey is named "the inhibition effect". Experiments conducted on honey show that its bactericide properties increase twofold when diluted in water. It is very interesting to note that newly born bees in the colony are nourished with diluted honey by the bees responsible for their supervision – as if they know this feature of the honey.
Royal jelly is a substance produced by worker bees inside the beehive. Inside this nutritious substance are sugar, proteins, fats and many vitamins. It is used in problems caused by tissue deficiency or body frailty.


This course will examine the theory and practice of nursing emphasizing aspects of the practice of psychiatric nursing in settings where general nursing care is an essential element of health. The student will learn skills and concepts related to infection control, aseptic technique and wound management, hygiene, environment, safety, mobility/immobility, nutrition, elimination, oxygenation, vital signs, and reporting and documentation. The opportunity to practice selected basic nursing skills related to these concepts will take place in the laboratory.
Successors: 69:251, 69:252, 69:253, 69:255.


Coloring Pages Dot To Dot is one of best image reference about printable coloring pages for kids. This printable coloring pages for kids has been created with briliant idea and follow trend of modern coloring pages.Coloring Pages Dot To Dot was posted in September 29, 2018 at 11:49 pm and has viewed by 375 users. Coloring Pages Dot To Dot reference also have Tags: adult dot to dot coloring pages, barney coloring pages and dot to dot, butterfly dot to dot coloring pages, coloring pages dot to dot, free coloring pages dot to dot, halloween dot to dot coloring pages, noah dot to dot coloring pages, preschool dot to dot coloring pages printable, spring dot to dot coloring pages for your convenience in searching this reference more specific.
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Q: Python: Updating a tkinter widget using a global variable updated in a different loop I have a tkinter interface that I want to use to send and receive values from a serial port. I process the variables in an infinite loop. Getting the values from tkinter and sending them works. However, updating the values is proving to be difficult. Here is a basic version of what I am trying to do:
import time

update_data = "data" #global variable

from tkinter import *

class MyWindow:
    def __init__(self, win):
        self.data_label = Label(win, text=update_data) #label that follows the global variable
        self.data_label.place(x=0, y=0)

window=Tk()
mywin=MyWindow(window)
window.geometry("200x200+10+10")

while 1:
    window.update()
    time.sleep(0.1)
    update_data_new = input()
    if update_data_new != update_data:
        update_data = update_data_new
        print(update_data)
        #then change the data label as well: self.data_label.config(text = update_data)

Is this possible? How should I go about doing this?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Ruth Bader Ginsburg Skipped Trump's Congress Address? 'Notorious RBG' Absent From First Big Presidential Speech
Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who made headlines in 2015 when she dozed off during Barack Obama's State of the Union speech, was conspicuously absent Tuesday from President Donald Trump's first address to a joint session of Congress....
28 February 2017 Tuesday 22:33
Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who made headlines in 2015 when she dozed off during Barack Obama's State of the Union speech, was conspicuously absent Tuesday from President Donald Trump's first address to a joint session of Congress. And she may have skipped it on purpose.
Ginsburg got in spats with Trump during the campaign, and a spokeswoman confirmed to Bloomberg News ahead of the speech that she would not attend.
"He is a faker," she said about Trump in July. "He has no consistency about him. He says whatever comes into his head at the moment. He really has an ego. ... How has he gotten away with not turning over his tax returns? The press seems to be very gentle with him on that."
Speaking out in such a manner is not typical for a Supreme Court judge, and Ginsburg, who is beloved by liberals, later said in a statement, that "on reflection, my recent remarks in response to press inquiries were ill-advised and I regret making them."
Ginsburg, who was appointed by former President Bill Clinton, went to all eight of Obama's speeches but skipped those of George W. Bush, according to Bloomberg.
Justices Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas, both conservative justices, also did not attend Trump's speech Tuesday, which is their usual practice. The broadcast of the night appeared to confirm the three justices skipped the event.
Heading into the address Tuesday, Trump indicated his speech would take a more uplifting tone but that it would also go after the Obama legacy.
"And we'll be talking about many different subjects — and as much in a up-tone is the fact that I inherited a mess," Trump told the far-right website Breitbart, which was formerly led by the president's top strategist Steve Bannon. "It's a mess, whether it's the Middle East or it's Obamacare — where costs are out of control — or it's so many other things. I mean, things are much different than people thought, and people get it. We're going to fix it. The important part is we're going to fix it."
The speech Tuesday appeared to follow, for the most part, the script of a the prepared text. Trump opened by preaching unity before going into things such as drugs, border policy and job creation.
The address, while not an official State of the Union address, was a landmark moment for Trump. Ever since Ronald Reagan, a GOP icon, presidents have delivered remarks after about one month in office, aiming to tell the public exactly what to expect and hope for.
The Trump camp planned to do the same, writing in an email to supporters the president was "taking the podium to voice your concerns, thoughts, and opinions about the state of our nation, and more importantly, to lay out a bold plan for our future as Americans."
#first,
#address,
#speech,
#absent,
#presidential,
#rbg039,
#039notorious,
#ginsburg,
#bader,
#skipped
1 Google Has No Plans To Build New Chromebook Pixel... 2 Upcoming iPhone Fingerprint Sensor Could Be Activated... 3 Obama, Preckwinkle-backed Ald. King claims victory... 4 3 wounded in shootings on West, South sides 5 Expect some rough going for White Sox's top pitching... 6 Bears' quarterback search resumes at scouting combine... 7 Tuesday's recap: Nuggets 125, Bulls 107 8 Jerian Grant shooting well from 3-point range as Bulls... 9 President Trump offers a few hints that could affect... 10 A Trump tower is opening in Vancouver, and not everyone...
Google Has No Plans To Build New Chromebook Pixel...


The NFL owners and players are moving toward an agreement that could get nearly all training camps open on time and start the much aniticipated free agency period July 28, according to an ESPN report.
The belief is the league's 32 owners could ratify a new collective bargaining agreement during the next league meeting scheduled for July 21 in Atlanta that would set in motion the wheels for the 2011 season.
Per the report, the league has something known as "The Transition Rules," a document that spells out the timetable for the beginning of the new season. A ratified deal on July 21 would ensure nearly all preseason games are played with the one in question being the Aug. 7 Hall of Fame Game meeting between the Chicago Bears and St. Louis Rams.
Negotiations between owners and players will continue this week in New York. Players have warned they're not the on the cusp of a deal, but the sides have been meeting regularly for a month-and-a-half, and they can't be too far off. A rookie wage system is reportedly the biggest hurdle, and in the Transition Rules, there could potentially be a deadline date for draft picks to sign, something there obviously has not been in the past.
The rules also call for a separate period for undrafted college free agents to sign and allow teams a few days to re-sign their own free agents before a massive market would open July 28. Rosters would be expanded to 90 beginning Aug. 2. There is a lot of work remaining to be done and the dates are flexible. Check out the report for a complete timetable.


lipinnk0mx 8 days ago News https://redd.it Discuss Published New Discard Success!
The use of wall caps on the ventilation holes will maintain water and other pests out of the setting up. If any dust or debris can be observed through the visual inspection, you didn't get what you paid for.


text:
© RAPSI, Eugeny Varlamov
Socialist Platoshkin receives suspended sentence for aiding mass riots
Tags: Riots, Information, Moscow's Gagarinsky District Court, Nikolay Platoshkin, Moscow, Russia
Prosecutor seeks 6 years behind bars for leader of new socialism movement
Leader of new socialism movement to stay under house arrest until spring 2021
House arrest of For New Socialism movement leader extended for 3 months
MOSCOW, May 19 (RAPSI) – The leader of the movement For New Socialism Nikolay Platoshkin on Wednesday got the 5-year suspended sentence for aiding and abetting mass riots and distribution of misleading information, RAPSI was told in Moscow's Gagarinsky District Court.
Additionally, the court fined him 700,000 rubles ($9,500).
A case against Platoshkin was opened in the summer of 2020. Since then, he has been held under house arrest.
Platoshkin is a Russian diplomat, political analyst and historian, head of diplomacy and international affairs department of the Moscow Humanitarian University, leader of the movement For New Socialism.


In March of 2003, Allen Anderson, CEO and Manager of South Kentucky RECC realized his industry had a problem. Both nationwide and statewide, many Journeyman Linemen were approaching retirement age and there was a great shortage of qualified entry-level candidates to take their place.
Allen discussed the problem with Somerset Community Colleges Chief Workforce Solutions Officer David Wiles, and together they started putting together a plan to address this need. South Kentucky RECCs Chief Operations Officer Carol Wright was asked to work with Wiles to explore the feasibility of developing a Lineman Training Center at Somerset Community College.
Meetings with utility industry representatives were held around the state and the idea was initially met with some skepticism. Eventually, though, rural electric cooperative corporations, municipals and utility contractors became strategic supporters and partners of the concept and the school. Having an eight-week lineman training program in Kentucky was very appealing to the industry, specifically since those trained could become an immediate asset to their employer.
One major obstacle in developing the program, though, was the need for an indoor training facility. American Electric Power (AEP) had such a facility in Groveport, Ohio and several visits were made to evaluate that facility. The decision was made to try and duplicate that building for the Lineman Program in Somerset. KCTCS architects looked at the building and determined it would take about three million dollars to construct. The mission then became to raise $2.5 to $3 million dollars to construct the facility, plus another two or three million dollars of equipment and supplies in order to get the school started.
Bennie Garland, who was on contract with South Kentucky RECC (SKRECC) and Lake Cumberland Area Development District (ADD), was able to secure loans and grants working through the ADD, SKRECC and the Somerset Pulaski County Development Foundation to fund a Regional High Growth Training Facility adjacent to the Valley Oak Technical Park located on Coin Road. Darryl McGaha, with the Cumberlands Workforce Investment Board (WIB), secured funding to purchase equipment and supplies, and many RECCs and others in the utility industry donated much needed tools, supplies and equipment necessary to get the program up and running. Pulaski County Fiscal Court and the City of Somerset assisted the program with a CDBG grant for equipment and utility construction to the site. In addition, AEP donated their complete in-house curriculum (value of $500,000) to KCTCS to assist the college in developing a program.
After a period of more than four years, the building was completed and the first eight-week class got underway at Somerset Community College on September 2, 2008. The first class in the new indoor facility on Coin Road was held in March 2009.
The 22nd class of Lineman students is now underway at the center on Coin Road.
Somerset Community College is the only community college east of the Mississippi with a state of the art indoor Lineman Training facility. During the past four years, 337 students have graduated from the program and 275 of those have been placed in great careers in the electric utility industry, enabling the award-winning program to maintain an 82% job placement rate. Students enroll in the program from across Kentucky, as well as from surrounding states.
For more information about Lineman Training at Somerset Community College, please visit the Lineman Training Center on our website or www.linemantechcenter.com.


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Electronics Semiconductor Diodes
Semiconductor Diode | Types of Diode | Their Application
By Habib August 4, 2019 June 22, 2022
A diode could be a two-terminal electronic material that conducts the current initially initio in one direction (asymmetric conductance); it's low resistance in one direction, and high resistance within the different. A diode vacuum tube or thermionic diode is a gap tube with two electrodes, a heated cathode, and a plate, in which electrons can stream in only one direction, from cathode to plate. A semiconductor diode, the most commonly used type today, is a crystalline fragment of semiconductor material with a p–n junction attached to two electrical terminals. Semiconductor diodes were the first semiconductor electronic devices. Semiconductor diode consists of two, differently doped semiconductor crystals – "p" and "n" types.
Semiconductor Diode:
Construction of Semiconductor Diode:
Semiconductor Diode – Current-voltage characteristic:
SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES AND DIODE SYMBOL:
What is a diode in general?
Properties of a Silicon diode:
Properties of Germanium Diode:
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIODES:
1. P-N Junction Diode:
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM OF P-N JUNCTION DIODE:
Forward Characteristics of P-N Junction:
Applications of P-N Junction Diode:
2. Photodiode:
3. Zener Diode:
4. BACKWARD DIODE:
5. BARITT Diode:
6.GUNN DIODE:
GUNN DIODE: WORKING, CHARACTERISTICS & APPLICATIONS:
7.LASER DIODE:
8.Light Emitting Diode:
9.PIN Diode:
10.SCHOTTKY DIODE:
11.Tunnel Diode:
12.VARACTOR DIODE OR VARICAP DIODE:
SEMICONDUCTOR DIODE TASKS:
What is Semiconductor? Explain of Semiconductor | Its Application
A diode made of semiconductor components, usually silicon. The cathode, which is negatively charged and has an excess of electrons, is placed adjacent to the anode, which has an inherently positive charge, carrying an excess of holes. At this junction a depletion region forms, with nor holes neither electrons. A positive voltage at the anode makes the depletion region small, and current flows; a negative voltage at the anode makes the depletion region large, preventing current flow.
Semiconductor diode consists of two, differently doped semiconductor crystals – "p" and "n" types. Together, they form the so-called "p-n junction", where the "n" layer has an excess quantity of electrons, which are the majority carriers there (we have more electrons (-) than electron holes (+)). However, in the "p" layer the majority carriers are electron holes (+) rather than electrons (-), so we have more holes "to fill", than electrons available. The electron-hole is a vacancy created by the electron "traveling" from its primary place to some other location in that crystal. In reality, there is no such thing as "a hole", but that lack of electron kind of makes it a positively charged particle, which attracts negative electrons to form a pair again.
After they combine, a proportional ordination of electrons begins. Electrons, which previously lacked in "p" layer are transferred therefrom "n" layer, where were too many of them. So, "n" layer is a good friend for "p" layer, right? And this is where the so-called depletion region is formed, which prevents the flow of the electric current.
Fig:1 P-N junction in state of thermodynamic equilibrium
To allow the flow of the electric current through the "p-n junction", the external positive electric voltage must be applied to "push" and help a large group of electrons and holes to meet together (forward bias of the diode). After they are "pushed" through the depletion region with enough force (VF = 0,7V) diode starts conducting current, so it starts to flow through it.
Fig:2 P-N junction forward-biased (electric valve on)
To make sure, that the electric current won't flow (electric valve off), it is needed to apply an external negative voltage to the semiconductor diode (reverse bias) to make the depletion region even larger.
Fig.3 P-N junction reverse-biased (electric valve off)
With passing time, technological requirements were increasing what resulted in the development of new types of diodes. When a semiconductor is combined with the corresponding metal, we acquireMS junction (Metal-Semiconductor), which also possesses rectifying properties (current conduction in one direction) – it is used for example in fast Schottky diodes.
MS junctions can have one of two current-voltage characteristics:
# Unsymmetrical non-linear.
# Symmetrical linear.
MS junction properties depend mainly on the surface state of semiconductors and on the output work difference of electrons from metal and semiconductors itself. Schottky diode is mainly used in systems that require fast switching time(small junction capacitance Cj of the diode has a decisive impact) with frequencies up to several tens of GHz.
The graph under shows the current-voltage characteristic of the semiconductor diode. This is an emblematical characteristic for semiconductor diodes used in electronics (VF = 0,7V). The semiconductor diode starts conducting current after exceeding the threshold of the forward voltage value specified by the producer in the datasheet. Semi-thermal diodes are mainly used to defend other electronic components.
A two-electrode device is called a 'diode'. It's simply a P-N junction with connecting leads or terminal on the two sides of the P-N junction. Such diodes are also called a "crystal diode" because the junction is raised out of a crystal. A diode allows unidirectional flow of current and it restrains the flow in opposite direction.
1. Its main advantages are cheapness, smaller size, robustness and high efficiency
2. Major application is rectification which is conversion of ac to dc
A semiconductor diode can be built of either silicon or Germanium. Both differnts in size and properties.
# Smaller in shaped compared to Ge diodes
# Peak Inverse Voltage is of 1000 Volts
# Silicon diodes can be operated over temperatures 200 degree celsius
# Forward voltage drop is 0.7 volt
# Reverse current of a Silicon diode, for a given voltage effectively doubles for every 8 degree celsius rise in temperature.
# Larger shaped compared to Si diode
# PIV is of 400 volts
# Operated on at temperatures in range 75 to 80 degree celsius
# Forward voltage drop is .3 volts
# Reverse current of a Ge(germanium) diode doubles for every 10 degree celsius rise
Circuit and Graphical symbol of a diode:
In the figure given over, first symbol represents the circuit symbol of a semiconductor pn junction diode. The 'P' side of diode is always positive terminal and is yclept as anode for forward bias. Other side which is negetive is designated as cathode and is the 'N' side of diode.
In the figure over, 2nd symbol represents the Graphical symbol of a diode. Direction of the arrow represents the direction of conventional current flow, when the diode is forward biased.
These are of different types and pass the electric current based on the properties and specifications of that particular diode. These are of mainly P-N junction diodes, Photo sensitive diodes, Zener diodes, schottky diodes, Varactor diodes. Photo sensitive diodes include LED's, Photo diodes and Photo voltaic cells. Some of these are explained briefly in this article.
P-N junction is a semiconductor device, which is formed by P-type and N-type semiconductor component . P-type has high intentness of holes and N-type has high concentration of electrons. Holes pervasion is from p-type to n-type and electron diffusion is from n-type to p-type.
The donor ions in the n-type region become positively(+) charged as the gratis electrons move from the n-type to p-type. Hence, positive charge is built on the N-side of the junction. The free electrons across the junction is the negative acceptor ions by fulfillment in the holes, then negative charge established on the p-side of the junction is shown in figure.
An electric field made by the positive ions in the n-type region and negative ions in p-type regions. This region is said diffusion region. Since the electric field quickly sweeps free bearer out, hence the region is depleted of free carriers. A built-in potential Vbi due to Ê is made at the junction is shown in figure.
When positive terminal of source is connected to P-type and negative terminal is connected to N-type is called forward bias of P-N junction is shown figure below.
If this external voltage becomes greater than the value of the potential barrier, approximately 0.7 volts for silicon and 0.3V for Ge, the potential barrier is crossed and the current starts flowing due to movement of electrons across the junction and same for the holes.
P-N junction diode is a two terminal polarity sensorial device, diode conducts when in forward bias and diode not conducts when reverse bias. Due to these feature P-N junction diode is used in many applications like
# Rectifiers in DC power supply
# Demodulation circuits
# Clipping and clamping networks
Photodiode is a kind of diode which generates current proportional to the Event light energy. It is a light to voltage/current converter that search applications in security systems, conveyors, automatic switching systems etc. The photodiode is same to an LED in construction but its p-n junction is highly sensitive to light. The p-n junction may be manifested or packaged with a window to enter light into the P-N junction. Under the forward biased state, current transfers from the anode to cathode, while in the reverse biased state, photo current flows in the reverse direction. In most incident, the packaging of Photodiode is similar to LED(Light emitting diodee) with anode and cathode leads projecting out from the case.
There are two types of Photodiodes – PN and PIN photodiodes. The difference is in their acting. The PIN photodiode has an own layer, so they must be reverse biased. As a result of reverse biasing, the width of the depletion region increased and the capacitance of the p-n junction decreased. This allows the creation of more electrons and holes in the depletion region. But one disadvantage of the reverse biasing is that, it generates noise current that may minimize the S/N ratio. So reverse biasing is fitting only in applications that require higher band width. The PN photodiode is ideal for lower light applications since the operation is unbiased.
The photodiode works in two manner namely Photo voltaic mode and Photo conductive mode. In the photo voltaic mode (also called Zero bias mode), the photocurrent from the device is limited and a voltage build up. The photo diode is now in the Forward biased state and a "Dark current" starts effluent across the p-n junction. This flow of dark current happen opposite to the direction of the photo current. Dark current generates in the default of light. The dark current is the photo current induced by the mounting radiation plus the saturation current in the device.
The Photo conductive mode happens when the photo diode is reverse biased. Finally of this, the width of the depletion layer increases and leads to a reduction in the capacitance of the p-n junction. This increases the response time of the diode. Responsivity is the ratio of the photo current generated to the Event light energy. In the Photo conductive mode, the diode generates only a small current said Saturation current or back current along its direction. The photo current remains same in this condition. The photo current is all-time proportional to the luminescence. Even though the Photo conductive mode is faster and faster than the Photo voltaic mode, the electronic noise in higher in photo conductive mode. Silicon founded photo diodes generate less noise than germanium founded photo diodes since the silicon photo diodes have greater band gap.
Zener diode is a type of Diode that allows the flow of current in the forward direction similar to a rectifier diode but at the same time it can permission the reverse flow of current also when the voltage is over the breakdown value of the Zener. This is generally one to two volts higher than the rated voltage of the Zener and is known as the Zener voltage or Avalanche point. The Zener was founded so after Clarenze Zener who discovered the electrical properties of the diode. Zener diodes find applications in voltage regulation and to defend semiconductor devices from voltage fluctuations. Zener diodes are widely used as voltage references and as shunt regulators to regulate the voltage across circuits.
The Zener diode uses its p-n junction in the reverse bias mode to give the Zener Effect. During Zener effect or Zener breakdown, the Zener holds the voltage close to a constant value known as the Zener voltage. The common diode also has the property of reverse bias, but if the reverse bias voltage is go beyond, the diode shall be subjected to high current and it shall be damaged. The Zener diode on the other hand is specially schematic to have a reduced breakdown voltage called Zener voltage. The Zener diode also exhibits the property of limited breakdown and allows the current to keep the voltage across the Zener diode close to the breakdown voltage. For example, a 20 volt Zener will drop 20 volts across a wide range of reverse currents.
When the Zener diode is reverse biased, its p-n junction will experience an Avalanche breakdown and the Zener conducts in the reverse direction. Under the influence of the applied electric field, the valance electrons will be accelerated to knock and release other electrons. This ends in the Avalanche effect. When this occurs, a small change in the voltage will results in a large current flow. The Zener break down depends on the applied electric field as well as the thickness of the layer on which the voltage is applied.
The Zener diode requires a current limiting resistor in series to it to restrict the current flow through the Zener. Generally the Zener current is fixed as 5 mA. For example, if a 10 V Zener is used with 12 volt supply, a 400 Ohms is ideal to keep the Zener current as 5 mA. When the supply is 12 volts, there is 10 volts across the Zener diode and 2 volts across the resistor. With 2 volts across the 400 ohms resistor, then the current through the resistor and Zener will be 5 mA. since as a rule 220 Ohms to 1K resistors are used in series with the Zener depending upon the supply voltage. If the current though the Zener is insufficient, the output will be unregulated and less than the nominal breakdown voltage.
The following formula is useful to determine the current through the Zener:
The value of the Resistor R obiously satisfy two conditions.
# It must be a low value to permit sufficient current through the Zener
# Power rating of the resistor must be high enough to protect the Zener.
This pattern of diode is also called the back diode. The backward diode is a PN-junction diode that is samely to the tunnel diode in its process. It required a few special applications where its specific properties can be used.
The short term of this diode Barrier Injection Transit Time diode or BARITT Diode. It is applicable in microwave applications and allows many difference to the more widely used IMPATT diode.
The acronym of the BARITT diode is "Barrier Injection Transit Time diode", bears numerous difference to the more generally used IMPATT diode. This diode is used in the microwave signal generation kind of the more common IMPATT diode and also this diode is frequently used in burglar alarms and where it can simply made a simple microwave signal with a comparatively low noise level.
This diode is very similarly with respect to the IMPATT diode, however the important difference between these two diodes is that the BARITT diode utilizes thermionic emission rather than multiplication of avalanche.
One of the important advantages of using this kind of emission is that the procedure is less noisy. As a result, the BARITT diode does not experience from the similar noise levels like an IMPATT. essentially the BARITT diode comprises of two diodes, which are placed back to back. Whenever potential is applied across the device, most of the potential drop event across the reverse biased diode. If the voltage is then ancient until the ends of the depletion area meet, then a state known as punch through happens.
Gunn diode is a P-N junction diode, this kinds of diode is a semiconductor device that has two terminals. Basically, it is used for producing microwave signals.
A diode is a two-terminal semiconductor electronic element that exhibits nonlinear current-voltage characteristics. It allows current in one direction at which its resistance is very low during forward bias. Similarly, in the other direction, it does not allow the flow of current – as it offers a very-high resistance (infinite resistance acts as open circuit) during reverse bias.
The diodes are classified into various types based on their working principles and characteristics. These include Schotty diode, Shockley diode, Constant-current diode, Zener diode, Light emitting diode, Photodiode, Tunnel diode, Varactor, Vacuum tube, Laser diode, PIN diode, Peltier diode, Gunn diode, and so on. On a special case, this article discuss about Gunn diode's working, characteristics and applications.
The laser diode is not the similar as the ordinary LED because it generates coherent light. These diodes are extensively used in many applications like DVDs, CD drives and laser light pointers for PPTs. though these diodes are inexpensive than other types of laser generator, they are much more costly than LEDs.
The term LED stands for light emitting diode, is one of the most valuable types of the diode. When the diode is attached in forwarding bias, then the current flows through the junction and generates the light.
This size of diode is characterize by its construction. It has the valuable P-type & N-type regions, but the area between the two regions namely intrinsic semiconductor has no doping. The region of the intrinsic semiconductor has the effect of increasing the area of the depletion region which can be beneficial for switching applications.
A Schottky diode has a lower forward voltage drop than ordinary Si PN-junction diodes. At low currents, the voltage drop may be between 0.15 & 0.4 volts as opposed to 0.6 volts for a Si diode. To accomplish this performance they are designed in a different way to compare with normal diodes having a metal to semiconductor contact. These diodes are widely used in rectifier application, clamping diodes, and also in RF applications.
The tunnel diode is used for microwave applications where its performance crossed that of other devices of the day.
A varactor diode is one sort of semiconductor microwave solid-state device and it is used in where the changeable capacitance is chosen which can be attained by controlling voltage. This diodes are also called as variceal diodes. Even though the o/p of the variable capacitance can be exhibited by the general PN-junction diodes.But, this diode is approved for giving the preferred capacitance changes as they are different types of diodes. These diodes are exactly designed and enhanced such that they allow a high range of changes in capacitance.
First task:
Vt = 0,7V
rd = 20Ω
R = 100Ω
VIN = 5V
VD(t) = VOUT(t)
VD(t) = Vt + (id(t) * rd) = 0,7 + (36m * 20) = 0,7 + 0,72 = 1,42V
Second Tasks:
VD(t) = Vt + (id(t) * rd) = 0,7 + (43m * 0) = 0,7 + 0 = 0,7V
Semiconductor diode formula:
Wye Delta Transformation | Diagram & Formula | Application
Tags construction of semiconductor diode semiconductor diode types of diode
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text:
Mobile App Development with Flutter - Should You Be Afraid of the Teething Troubles
Flutter … You can now come across this term on the internet more and more often, but is it really as good as it's promoted?
This Google framework is claimed to be a new milestone in cross-platform solutions creation because mobile app development with Flutter makes them very fast, compatible, fine-looking, and quality maintainable.
With the newest stable release, this framework can already be deployed not only to mobile but to web and desktop, that's why we will have a deeper insight into this promising toolkit today.
Flutter: history in short
At present Flutter is among the most dynamically developed programming solutions, launched in May 2017 it was stable and fit for production at the end of 2018. In 2019, it was the 3rd in the number of contributors. 13 000 contributors, it tells volumes that the community is eager to take part in its development, and more and more Flutter mobile app development companies enter the market.
Axisbits will also come into the line. We will delve into Flutter mobile app development because our experts believe that this technology allows us to create business apps, which are easy-to-modify, scale, and maintain. In fact, Flutter is rather an SDK for touch screen solutions developments. It was initially aimed at iOS and Android devices but can now run on other platforms as well.
Flutter strengths
Simultaneous Android and iOS development
Flutter allows to develop mobile solutions for iOS and Android at a time because the code base is the same. This also results in less testing, because automatic tests are written only once and though quality assurance should be performed on both platforms, there is just one app to test.
So you can save time and get wider opportunities for your business through a simultaneous launch on Google and Apple platforms. At the same time, in case you need or wish you can differentiate your applications.
Speedy coding
Flutter has the exquisite feature of hot reload happening in milliseconds. It permits seeing the code updates and the alterations to the widget tree right away and makes the process of development more dynamic. It's unnecessary to restart the app. So, the experiments go faster and the bugs, which appear, are also spotted immediately and dealt with right away. Besides, it makes cooperation between the developers and designers much faster and more comfortable. To craft a state-of-art UI design, developers can simply combine widgets in the way they need, they can choose shapes, animation, and text they like or build complex components from the simpler widgets.
All these factors combined speed up code writing dramatically.
There are 2 reasons for Flutter exceptional performance—its usage of Dart and having its own widgets. While this language of programming easily compiles into native codes, it does not require OEM. In such a way, a mobile app using Flutter requires less communication with the platform and demonstrates quick startup times along with fewer performance-related problems during its operation.
Perfect compatibility
Since all the widgets and their renderers are part of the application, no additional libraries needed to provide compatibility with the devices on which it operates. It's essential to mention that Flutter now operates on Android above 4.4 and iOS 64-bit devices. With the releases of new versions of the operating systems, Flutter widgets will need updates. However, it's not a big problem since anyone can do that. The widgets are customizable and the new ones can be used on old OS versions.
Flutter has a big and active community, being an open-source technology. It makes the prospects for the tool's development almost boundless and the customizing possibilities enormous. The community contributes to the framework's documentation, actively produces helpful resources, and provides support.
Flutter or React Native - what to choose?
We have revealed Flutter's key advantages above, but is it really better than other present-day cross-platform technologies?
When deciding on a framework for your future mobile solution should you consider to build native mobile apps with Flutter or, for instance, with React Native?
Below we compare these two technologies a bit.
Being a product of Google, Flutter has received clear and accurate documentation. Besides, it is supplemented and expanded by the community we mentioned above. More than that Dart, Flutters programming language has many features common to those of Kotlin, C#, Java, JavaScript, and Swift. So the learning curve for developers is gradual and not complicated.
Though React Native is also open-source, its documentation is poorly structured.
As we can see above Flutter does not require any bridge for the interaction with iOS or Android elements, while React Native needs a JavaScript bridge to work with the native components. The key function of the bridge is to convert JS variables into the native ones.
Dart programming language combined with high-speed C++ in its core compiles code much faster than the JS V8's engine. So the animations on Flutter run faster and the app behaves like a native solution in real-time.
User Interface Elements
The major feature which makes Flutter out-stand is its own UI components, they are customizable, compatible with native screens and features, and extremely flexible. It makes the mobile apps built on Flutter not only look but also operate naturally on both iOS and Android.
RN uses native components, which are updated simultaneously with the UI of the operating system. However, to make the React Native product look the same on both platforms, developers should turn to third-party libraries.
How much a Flutter application cost in 2020
Now as we realize that Flutter is one of the technologies that is going to top the market in the nearest couple of years, it's natural to find out how to create a mobile app using Flutter and how much it may cost.
However, there is no plain answer to the question. While we have found out that Flutter is rather a flexible and expandable technology with compatible components, the cost of development will depend on its complexity, features, size, and the Flutter mobile app development company or specialist you will choose. The expenditures may vary between 5000 and 50000 USD. To get a professional consultation and detailed price estimation of your project, you can contact Axisbits expert. Just fill in the form on our site.
Anyway, the technology being fresh yet innovative, is affordable even for startup projects. They can also skip license fees because the platform and its toolkit are open-source.
Since our company is interested in development and innovation, Axisbits sees great prospects in Flutter. It not only accelerates development, benefits to the quick MVP creation, decreases costs and time Flutter mobile app to the web, but allows crafting fine-looking cross-platform solutions with fast and smooth animations.
Flutter can interest tech-related companies, eCommerce businesses, and startups that want their mobile software solution to be fast, efficient, and stable on both platforms.
Though they claim the technology is young, the main teething problems have already been overcome and the giants like Alibaba and Tencent are good proof that Flutter can even be used for complex projects.
The Ultimate Importance of Mobile App Architecture?
Top 6 Android & iOS App Development Trends that will Dominate 2022
How can a Flutter app development company boost small business?


CLDP is a 10-week leadership program designed to empower students to be people of influence in their professional and academic environments. Featuring workshops, guest speakers and practical training, CLDP will help you stand out as a capable leader, both now and in the future.
Leadership is an essential skill to possess in today's market, whether your pursuit is entrepreneurial, academic or industrial. Having the ability to influence and relate positively with people around you will allow you to emerge from the crowd, and will bring new opportunities your way. The goal of CLDP is to develop these skills in you.
Good leaders are relational, responsible and reproducing. Each session will equip you with the tools and training necessary to grow in these areas, and give you confidence when you step out into your career or four-year college.
At the end of the program, you will be awarded a Leadership Certificate by the college – a unique resume builder that will set you apart from other graduates and transfer students.
Contact Cassie Fulk, manager of Student Activities and Leadership Development, by email or by phone at 913-469-3433 to sign up for email updates or for additional information.


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The Problem with Unqualified Legal Advisors
In 2008, Paul Wright sought out the services of Troy Lucas, a business styled as "The Litigation Company" whose advertising claimed that they offered "Affordable legal advice when you need it!"
There was no doubt as to whether Wright needed it.
Having suffered clinical negligence at the hands of the NHS four years earlier in a disastrous operation that left him permanently disabled, Wright had issued a claim for compensation but had no lawyer to support his case.
Expecting an excellent service for a reasonable fee, Wright unknowingly unlocked the door to the world of paid "McKenzie Friends" – so-called legal advisors with no legal qualifications, no insurance and no right to represent people in court. Wright had just crossed over into… The Unqualified Zone.
Unfortunately for Paul Wright, this is no imaginary world or alternate dimension. The disastrous handling of his case by unqualified advisor George Rusz, was all too real.
Although Mr Rusz never described himself as a solicitor, he did say he was "an experienced legal professional". As such, Wright instructed him and trusted him with his claim against the Basildon and Thurrock NHS Foundation Trust. The court ruled that, as a result of negligent advice from George Rusz and his company, Troy Lucas, Mr Wright had been able to pursue only part of a claim against the trust.
The court ruling on the case of Paul Wright v. Troy Lucas
In a cruel twist of fate, Paul Wright suffered professional negligence when seeking representation for medical negligence. Mr Rusz' advice was held to be short of that standard and at times "positively harmful" by the High Court who ordered the "legal advisor" to pay £263,759 to Mr Wright, plus £73,200 costs. This was to compensate Mr Wright for what he was likely to have received had he been properly advised.
In 2011, the Basildon and Thurrock NHS Foundation Trust admitted limited liability and settled the claim for £20,000. But Mr Wright still had to pay £75,000 towards the hospital's legal costs because of the way that Mr Rusz had conducted the case.
It was heard that Mr Rusz had failed to take advice from a barrister and sought "fantastical" sums for damages ranging from £1 million to £3 million without submitting evidence to support the figures. He had also failed to comply with court orders and constructed illegitimate applications for disclosure from the hospital.
It is the first time that the High Court has ruled on the duty owed to the public by unqualified advisers, known as McKenzie friends. A McKenzie friend can assist people who are not represented by a solicitor or barrister in a court of law by prompting, taking notes and giving advice. They need not be legally trained or have any professional legal qualifications. However, if a McKenzie Friend tells their client they can provide the same standard of service as a solicitor or barrister – as Mr Rusz did to Paul Wright – then this is the standard by which they shall be judged if a professional negligence claim is later pursued against them.
A warning shot to unqualified advisors
According to Emma Jones, partner at Leigh Day in London who represented Mr Wright in the professional negligence claim, the ruling is significant in that it sets a precedent that if individuals hold themselves out as competent legal advisers they will be held to the standards of a competent legal advisor.
"We hope this sends warning shot out to any other businesses or individuals who are acting in this manner that they will be held to account for the risks and losses they expose their clients to through their incompetence," she said.
"This has become increasingly important since the decrease in legal aid that is available. Since that time, we have seen an increase in unregulated individuals who advertise their services.
Individuals offering such services includes but is not limited to McKenzie Friends, who are able to offer a wide range of services yet remain unregulated and they are not required to have insurance."
Unregulated doesn't always mean unqualified
At 360 Law Group, we provide clients with a choice to instruct our lawyers on a regulated or unregulated basis. Through our unregulated practices, 360 Business Law and 360 Private Client Law, businesses and individuals can benefit from cost-effective advice without the price tag of a regulated practice.
However, this by no means puts us in "the unqualified zone." On the contrary, these cost-savings allow us to afford some of the industry's most highly qualified lawyers; every lawyer we use has either qualified as a Solicitor, a Barrister or an overseas attorney and has gained at least five years of practical experience in their area of specialisation. As a virtual practice we strip away unnecessary costs, with no prestigious city premises and a highly effective IT system, we operate off of a global overhead of sub 10%, allowing our clients to predominantly pay just for the expertise of our lawyers. This creates total transparency and clarity on costs from the outset.
As innovators in the industry, we believe it's up to us to raise awareness about the differences between regulated and unregulated legal service providers to ensure the public have a strong understanding of their rights in both circumstances. We choose to operate on an unregulated basis to save our clients the costs – if the nature of their case demands the protection of working with a regulated practice, they can instruct our highly qualified lawyers through our regulated firm, 360 Law Services.


text:
HomeKreedOn CandidsSarita Devi combats the perils of the drug in her village through...
Sarita Devi combats the perils of the drug in her village through boxing
By Sudeep Pakrashi
Image Source: Scroll.in
Goodbye of Sarita Devi
The Reminiscences of Sarita Devi
No Regret for Refusing Medal in Asian Games
Sarita Devi's Second Innings
Laishram Sarita Devi was one of the country's best female boxers, placed in the same bracket as Mary Kom. The 40-year-old boxer from the village Mayang Imphal, a few kilometers from Imphal in Manipur has also the prestigious feathers of gold and a bronze medal in two World Championships, respectively. Along with this, Sarita also won silver medals in the Asian Boxing Championship in Bangkok as well as the Commonwealth games in 2014 in Glasgow.
Sarita Devi was training at the national preparatory camp in New Delhi for the last time in 2019 before the assault of Covid-19 forced her to leave and return to the village. Since then Sarita has not gone back to the national preparatory camp and she disclosed while speaking over the phone from her village,
"You can say informally that I have said goodbye to my career. I do not intend to resume professional boxing any more."
Sarita had not only to survive dire financial distress in her childhood and during her youth, but her upbringing was also at a time when the common people of Manipur were always terrorized due to insurgency. Sarita still remembers those days when she also had helped the rebels on quite a few occasions by supplying guns, food, and medicines to the secret places at great risk. Sarita also wanted to join the rebels but was strongly reprimanded by her brother. She said,
"I did not take meals for one week after being beaten by my elder brother and then decided to join boxing. The courage or bravery developed from that dreadful past.
Commenting on her last 20-year journey of boxing, Sarita said,
"I have sweet memories mostly in my career except for a few sad incidents. You cannot always win and earn happiness in life. So, I am happy. The only regret I feel sometimes is that I do not have any Olympics medals in my kitty."
Sarita Devi protested against the referee's misjudgment that forced her to earn a bronze medal in the 2014 Incheon Asian Games. The controversy also forced Sarita to face a 1-year ban from professional boxing. Still, after seven years the boxer has no regret for what she did.
Sarita said,
"I protested against faulty judgment. I deserved the gold medal in that Asian Games and I obtained a lot of support from my fans and a section of the boxing fraternity. If you close your mouth even after being a victim then it will continue every time. So I protested by refusing the bronze medal. I still have no regret for that incident."
Sarita had thought of starting coaching long back, almost 10 years ago after she lost in the qualifiers for the London Olympics in 2012. There was a visible perspective behind the reason. Sarita explained,
"After losing in the Olympics qualifiers I returned home, and stayed there for a month. I observed at that time that a lot of young boys were running their life behind drugs. As our village is situated at the border area, drug dealings were a common issue. Then only I thought I could try to bring those boys into normal and healthy life through boxing and I started teaching the game. I started with only 10 boys at that time. Now I have 100 students including boys and girls."
The Manipur state government presented an apartment to Sarita Devi after she became a world champion. In a bid to construct a residential boxing school, Sarita had sold that and built up the residential school. Along with two boxing rings, and a gymnasium, Sarita has also built up a hostel where 60-bed accommodation is there.
Sarita expressed a huge attribute to Olympic Gold Quest (OGQ), the organization that was founded by Prakash Padukone and Geet Sethy for its extensive support of Sarita's boxing academy.
She said,
"They have been helping me a lot. I also have plans to earn a coaching degree from abroad and OGQ has already promised me it will come forward with financial assistance when I decide to go. I have one and only mission which is to produce boxers who will bring international medals."
Incidentally, Sarita Devi's tutelage has already produced 10 boxers who have started showing impressive performance in the national and international level competitions. Kunjarani Devi is one of them who is participating in the ongoing World Championship in Spain.
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The general setting "Start Vidalia when my system starts" is currently only available in WIN32. I'd like to make this setting available in OSX as well.
The original request that inspired this ticket was part of #2383: "add an option to set Vidalia as a login item so users won't have to do this manually in the "Accounts" system preference or by right-clicking on the dock icon and then going to "Options > Open at Login"."
The "Shared File Lists" method (recommended by Apple) is only compatible with OSX 10.5+, while the "Apple Events" method is compatible with OSX 10.2+.
I am planning to implement via "Apple Events" so that this feature does cause compatibility issues with OSX 10.4.
Enabling "Start Vidalia when my system starts" will add this item to the current user's Login Items. Disabling this option will remove this item from the current user's Login Items.
I'd like to rename this option from "Start Vidalia when my system starts" to "Start Vidalia on login" to more accurately reflect the nature of this option. It appears that this option is currently only starting Vidalia upon login in WIN32 as well (via HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run).
Does anyone have feedback before I begin work on this?