text:
Maksim Maksímovich Litvínov ,  (-), revolucionario ruso y destacado diplomático soviético de origen judío que sirvió como ministro de Asuntos Exteriores de la Unión Soviética durante gran parte de la década de 1930.

Juventud y primer exilio
Litvínov se llamaba realmente Meir Henoch Mojszewicz Wallach-Finkelstein (acortado a Max Wallach, ) y nació en una acaudalada familia de banqueros judíos en Białystok, en la provincia de Grodno de la región de Podlaquia, parte de la antigua unión polaco-lituana, en aquel entonces parte del Imperio Ruso. Sus padres se llamaban Moses (Moisés) y Anna Wallach.

Se afilió al Partido Obrero Socialdemócrata de Rusia (POSDR) en 1898, en aquel tiempo ilegal, por lo que sus miembros acostumbraban a adoptar un pseudónimo, escogiendo Wallach el de Maxim Litvínov, aunque también se le conocía como Papasha y Maxímovich. En ciertos artículos usó también los nombres M.G. Harrison y David Mordecai Finkelstein.

Durante sus primeros años en el partido su principal tarea fue la de propagandista en la provincia de Chernigov. En 1900 pasó a formar parte del comité del partido en Kiev. Fue detenido junto al resto de sus compañeros del comité en 1901, pasando 18 meses de encarcelamiento hasta lograr huir de la prisión de Lukyánovskaya a la cabeza de otros 11 reclusos, exiliándose en Suiza. Allí trabajó como editor del periódico revolucionario Iskra (La chispa). En 1903 se unió al ala bolchevique del partido y regresó a Rusia. Tras la Revolución rusa de 1905 se convirtió en editor del primer periódico legal del partido, Nóvaya Zhizn (Nueva vida), en San Petersburgo.

Segundo exilio
Tras la reanudación de los arrestos de bolcheviques por el gobierno ruso en 1906 Litvinov partió de nuevo al extranjero. Involucrado en el intento fallido de cambiar los billetes robados en el atraco al banco de Tiflis de 1907, fue detenido por la policía. En 1908, en Francia, fue detenido y expulsado a Gran Bretaña; residió en Londres durante diez años, participando en las actividades de la Oficina Socialista Internacional.

Tras la Revolución de octubre, la prensa británica y norteamericana lo consideró el representante del nuevo gobierno bolchevique en Gran Bretaña, como también indicaba el agente británico en Moscú Bruce Lockhart.

Durante su estancia en Gran Bretaña conoció y desposó a Ivy Lowe, hija de una de las más distinguidas familias judías británicas. Los antepasados de Lowe habían emigrado de Hungría al Reino Unido tras el aplastamiento de la Revolución húngara de 1848. Su padre Walter Lowe era un destacado escritor, amigo de H. G. Wells.

Durante un tiempo Litvínov residió en Belfast.

Tras la revolución
Al día siguiente del golpe de Estado bolchevique y la formación de un nuevo gobierno, Litvínov fue nombrado por Lenin representante plenipotenciario (polpred) del mismo en Gran Bretaña, cargo oficioso (como el de su homólogo británico en Rusia, Bruce Lockhart), ante la negativa del gobierno británico a reconocer el nuevo gobierno y establecer relaciones diplomáticas formales.

En 1918 fue arrestado e intercambiado por Lockhart, que había sido arrestado a su vez en Rusia. Al año siguiente escribió un libro sobre The Bolshevik Revolution: Its Rise and Meaning que distribuyó el partido socialista británico.

Litvínov pasó a desempeñar la función de embajador itinerante del gobierno soviético, ingresando inmediatamente tras su regreso en el Comisariado del Pueblo de Asuntos Exteriores. Expulsado de Suecia donde había realizado un infructuoso llamamiento a la paz en diciembre de 1918, volvió al extranjero donde logró una acuerdo de intercambio de prisioneros entre diversos países, incluidos Francia y Gran Bretaña, su primer logro en política internacional.

Vicecomisario de Asuntos Exteriores
De noviembre de 1919 a febrero de 1920, encabezó la delegación soviética que trató con los británicos en Dinamarca. El objetivo inicial de las negociaciones era acordar un intercambio de prisioneros, pero los soviéticos consiguieron que Londres se aviniese a levantar al bloqueo —rechazado por los países limítrofes a Rusia y por Alemania, que se habían negado a sumarse a él— y a comenzar conversaciones económicas entre los dos Gobiernos. Durante la primavera de 1920, encargado de evitar que Polonia atacase a Rusia insinuando la disposición de los mandos militares alemanes de respaldar a Rusia si estallaba el conflicto, se opuso a la campaña pacifista de Chicherin hacia Varsovia, que consideraba únicamente daba una impresión de debilidad militar —opinión que Trotski compartía—.

Tras lograr un reconocimiento de hecho del nuevo gobierno por parte de Francia y Gran Bretaña, aquel nombró a Litvínov primer vicecomisario de Asuntos Exteriores en 1921.

Gracias principalmente a sus esfuerzos, el Gobierno británico abandonó el bloqueo económico que mantenía contra el nuevo Gobierno bolchevique. Negoció asimismo diversos tratados comerciales con distintos países europeos. En febrero de 1929, firmó en Moscú el Pacto Litvínov, suscrito por la Unión Soviética, Polonia, Rumanía, Letonia y Estonia por el que los firmantes se comprometían a no usar la fuerza para resolver sus disputas, considerado como el equivalente en Europa oriental del Pacto Briand-Kellogg.

Chicherin y Litvínov

Sus modales, más bruscos y menos sofisticados que los de su superior Gueorgui Chicherin, junto con su lógica directa, su franqueza, su mayor apreciación de la política occidental y su realismo, contrastaban con las del comisario. Mientras Chicherin mantenía una actitud hostil hacia las potencias occidentales, Litvínov trataba de evitar cualquier confrontación que supusiese un peligro de intervención contra el gobierno soviético, defendiendo la participación de la Unión Soviética en los foros y pactos internacionales.

Su forma de trabajar era también diferente de la de su superior: mientras Chicherin era un gran trabajador pero tendía a concentrar en las tareas del ministerio, Litvínov tendía más a la delegación de trabajo en los diplomáticos. Por otro lado, el trato más cordial de Chicherin contrastaba con el trato meramente profesional de Litvínov hacia los subordinados.

Desde 1928, con el agravamiento de la enfermedad crónica de Chicherin, Litvínov pasó a controlar cada vez más el Comisariado, sustituyendo a Chicherin cada vez más a menudo en las ausencias de éste, por su cargo de vicecomisario para Occidente, a pesar de su tensa relación y sus desacuerdos políticos.

Comisario de Asuntos Exteriores

En 1930 fue nombrado comisario de Asuntos Exteriores, con el beneplácito de Stalin, que le prefería al anterior comisario, Gueorgui Chicherin, ya muy enfermo. Su elección no fue, sin embargo, fácil, por su conocida preferencia por Gran Bretaña en una época en la que la política exterior del país favorecía las relaciones con Alemania, su fuerte carácter con tendencia a la independencia de criterio y su dureza frente a sus adversarios, que no lo convertían en fácil de manejar.

Su cargo oficial no tuvo contrapartida en el Partido hasta enero de 1934, lo que debilitaba su posición dentro del mismo, eliminándolo como potencial adversario de Stalin. Este, por su parte, rara vez se entrometía en el cometido de Litvínov y sólo se comunicaba directamente con los diplomáticos en las cuestiones que consideraba de suprema importancia, dejando la gestión del Narkomindel en manos de Litvínov.

Firme defensor de los mecanismos de seguridad colectiva y de la necesidad de la Unión Soviética de participar en los foros internacionales para evitar el peligro de aislamiento internacional y de la formación de una coalición antisoviética, comenzó su etapa celebrando el auge de los nacionalistas en Alemania (incluyendo el crecimiento de los nazis) como garantía de la falta de unión de la Europa occidental que se veía como preludio de una nueva agresión de los países capitalistas contra la Unión Soviética. La agitación nacionalista en Alemania y sus victorias electorales hacían además que la actitud de Polonia y Francia, tradicionalmente hostiles a la Unión Soviética, se volviese más proclive a los acuerdos.

Durante los primeros años al frente del Ministerio la amenaza japonesa sobre el Extremo Oriente ruso tras su ocupación de Manchuria y la grave situación económica, social y militar de la región, que coincidía con la crisis de la industrialización acelerada del país, atrajo la atención principal de Litvínov, aconsejando una política conciliatoria en Europa para evitar una posible guerra en dos frentes.

Tras la llegada al poder de Hitler, su hostilidad hacia Francia (que había establecido sanciones económicas contra la Unión Soviética en 1930 avivando el temor de éstos por una posible intervención extranjera) disminuyó, intentando acercar las posturas de su país con la de Gran Bretaña y Francia. En 1933 logró el reconocimiento oficial del gobierno soviético por parte de los EE. UU.

Tras el ingreso de su país en la Sociedad de Naciones, lo representó en ese organismo entre 1934 y 1938.

El fracaso de la seguridad colectiva y el relevo de Litvínov

Los acuerdos de Múnich
Tras los acuerdos de Múnich entre  Italia, Alemania, Francia y Gran Bretaña en septiembre de 1938, a los que la Unión Soviética no fue invitada al igual que Checoslovaquia, y la falta de reacción de las potencias democráticas ante la infracción del mismo con la ocupación alemana de Bohemia y Moravia en marzo de 1939 hicieron que la Unión Soviética entendiese que Gran Bretaña y Francia no estaban dispuestas a colaborar con el estado soviético en el mantenimiento colectivo de la paz y la seguridad en Europa. Se impuso un cambio de política exterior, para la que Litvínov era un impedimento por su actitud ante Alemania durante gran parte de la década.

Los acuerdos supusieron una gran derrota para la política desarrollada por Litvínov a lo largo de la década y el NKVD arrasó el Comisariado del Pueblo de Asuntos Exteriores: en enero de 1939 nueve capitales relevantes se encontraban sin embajador y muchos puestos menores se hallaban sin cubrir; apenas un puñado de diplomáticos no pertenecían a los nuevos cuadros estalinistas y las sospechas sobre el personal dificultaban las tareas del ministerio. Litvínov, evitando la crítica directa a Stalin, sopesó la dimisión, que finalmente no presentó. Los acuerdos habían sido, sin embargo, sólo la culminación de una serie de reveses que, desde 1936, habían ido minando los sistemas de seguridad colectiva y que, tras los acuerdos, habían dejado a la Unión Soviética en una situación de aislamiento internacional que desde Moscú se tenía por peligrosa para el país. La defensa de esos sistemas. que Litvínov había defendido logrando gran simpatía internacional por la Unión Soviética, se habían convertido en entes sin poder político, que no satisfacían a Stalin. En el XVIII congreso del Partido a comienzos de marzo de 1939 declaró que, ante la postura de las potencias occidentales, la Unión Soviética no iniciaría nuevas acciones en defensa de la seguridad colectiva, quedando a la espera de las acciones de los demás países.

Últimas negociaciones con Occidente

Tras Múnich Stalin dio una última oportunidad a Litvínov para enderezar la situación, que consideraba desfavorable para la Unión Soviética. Se desarrollaron una serie de negociaciones entre Gran Bretaña, Francia y la Unión Soviética, en las que participaron también Polonia y Rumanía, con el objetivo de decidir las acciones pertinentes ante una probable agresión alemana en el Este europeo. Se sucedieron las propuestas y contrapropuestas, que fracasaron ante la desconfianza soviética, la negativa de Polonia a suscribir cualquier acuerdo con los soviéticos, la preferencia británica por Polonia y la negativa de Moscú a llegar acuerdos bilaterales sin una estructura que abarcase a todos los implicados. Hacia mediados de abril la negociaciones se hallaban estancadas.

Mientras Gran Bretaña y Francia preferían, ante la postura intransigente del gobierno polaco y, en menor medida, del rumano, la declaración de garantías unilaterales de las tres potencias a los dos países y Litvínov acabó viendo en esa propuesta una base para continuar negociando, Stalin, secundado por Viacheslav Mólotov, Kliment Voroshílov y Lázar Kaganóvich, reprobaron al comisario de Asuntos Exteriores y redactaron la última propuesta soviética a los británicos y franceses, con condiciones mucho más exigentes que las sugeridas por Litvínov. A partir de entonces (), las riendas de la política exterior pasó cada vez más a manos de los miembros del Politburó. La propuesta estalinista incluía la firma de una alianza formal entre las tres potencias con una duración de cinco a diez años y la promulgación de garantías a todos los países europeos con frontera con la Unión Soviética, incluyendo las repúblicas bálticas y Finlandia, incluso a los países que no las deseasen ni solicitasen.

La posición de Litvínov al frente del Comisariado del Pueblo de Asuntos Exteriores dependía de la respuesta occidental y esta fue finalmente rechazada, de plano por los británicos e indirectamente por los franceses, que excluyeron a los países norteños en su respuesta.

El relevo
El  Stalin sustituyó a Litvínov por Viacheslav Mólotov al frente del Comisariado de Asuntos Exteriores. La negativa francobritańica a ofrecer a la Unión Soviética un puesto de igualdad en sus planes para frenar el futuro ataque alemán y su negativa a extender sus garantías a los países bálticos, aceptadas en principio por Litvínov pero rechazadas por Stalin, obligaron a la dimisión de aquel, frente al Politburó en la tarde del día 3.

Esa noche tropas del NKVD rodearon las oficinas del ministerio. Se cortó la línea de la dacha de Litvínov y, a la mañana siguiente, Mólotov, Gueorgui Malenkov, y Lavrenti Beria llegaron al ministerio para anunciar a  Litvínov su relevo. Una vez consumado el cambio muchos de sus antiguos ayudantes fueron arrestados y torturados, con la intención de arrancarles información que comprometise a Litvínov.

La alternativa alemana
Tras la marcha de Litvínov las posibilidades de acción de Stalin aumentaron, acelerándose la alternativa al acuerdo con Francia y Gran Bretaña: el acercamiento a Alemania.

Los medios de comunicación alemanes, hostiles al comisario, lo habían atacado por su origen judío, refiriéndose a él como "Finkelstein-Litvínov." La destitución de  Litvínov, que era visto como judío por la Alemania Nazi, supuso la eliminación de un obstáculo al avance de las negociaciones entre los dos países.

En la introducción de un artículo de 1992, sin embargo, Geoffrey Roberts afirma:

Stalin ordenó a Mólotov la inmediata «purga de judíos del ministerio». Recordando más tarde la orden de Stalin, Mólotov comentó: «¡Gracias a dios por esas palabras! Los judíos eran la mayoría absoluta de la dirección y entre los embajadores. No era algo bueno».

Dados los intentos  de Litvínov para forjar una coalición antifascista, su defensa de la doctrina de seguridad colectiva, su cercanía a Francia y Gran Bretaña y su postura relativamente favorable a las potencias occidentales, su relevo parecía indicar la disposición del gobierno soviético a realizar un acercamiento a Alemania.

Según Paul Flewers, el discurso de Stalin discurso de Stalin en el XVIII congreso del partido el  descartaba cualquier ambición alemana respecto a la Unión Soviética. Stalin declaró: «[hay que] ser cauto y no permitir que nuestro país sea arrastrado a conflictos por los belicosos que están acostumbrados a que otros les saquen las castañas del fuego». Era un aviso a las potencias occidentales para que diesen por descontado el apoyo soviético. Flewers indica que "Stalin estaba insinuando públicamente y de manera poco sutil que no se podía descartar algún tipo de acuerdo entre la Unión Sovética y Alemania." Del mismo modo, el nombramiento de Mólotov era una señal a Alemania de que la Unión Soviética estaba dispuesta a estudiar sus propuestas. La señal también se dirigía a Francia y al Reino Unido. Un funcionario británico declaró que la desaparición de Litvínov de la política internacional suponía la pérdida de un admirable técnico y una influencia moderadora, mientras que el estilo de Mólotov era «más soviético que diplomático o cosmopolita».

Sobre la firma del Pacto Ribbentrop-Mólotov tres meses más tarde, Hitler comentó a sus comandantes: «La sustitución de Litvínov fue decisiva». Un funcionario alemán le contó al embajador soviético que Hitler estaba satisfecho porque el sustituto de Litvínov, Mólotov, no fuese judío. Hitler asimismo escribió a Mussolini indicando que la destitución indicaba la disposición del Kremlin a cambiar sus relaciones con Berlín, que habían llevado a la firma del «pacto de no agresión más amplio que existe». Cuando se le preguntó a Litvínov por las razones de su relevo, declaró: «¿Cree realmente que yo era la persona adecuada para firmar un tratado con Hitler?»

Últimos cargos
Al igual que Churchill, Litvínov recelaba del acuerdo de Múnich.  Tras la invasión alemana de la Unión Soviética el  Litvínov expresó, en un comunicado radiado para Gran Bretaña y Estados Unidos:

que se consideró una crítica velada a la política de acercamiento a Alemania tras Múnich.

Durante la participación soviética en la guerra Stalin nombró a Litvínov vicecomisario de asuntos exteriores y sirvió como embajador en Estados Unidos entre 1941 y 1943, contribuyendo significativamente a lograr el acuerdo de la Ley de Préstamo y Arriendo que permitió a la Unión Soviética recibir ayuda norteamericana durante el conflicto.

En febrero de 1941 dejó de pertenecer al Comité Central del Partido Comunista de la Unión Soviética.

Tras su muerte su viuda regresó a Gran Bretaña, como le había sugerido Litvínov con sus últimas palabras: "Inglesa, vuelve a casa".

Su nieto Pável Litvínov, físico y escritor ruso, fue un disidente durante el periodo soviético.

Legado
Quizá su logro principal fue el de acabar con el aislamiento internacional en el que se hallaba la Unión Soviética a su llegada al Comisariado del Pueblo.

Contrario a la postura de Stalin durante la guerra mundial y en la posguerra, defendió, sin embargo, la rápida industrialización y la colectivización forzada que causaron las grandes hambrunas a comienzos de los años 30, como muestra la entrevista que le hizo el periodista Gareth Jones. Su etapa como ministro coincidió también con uno de los momentos de mayor represión interna en el país, conocido como Gran Purga.

Véase también
 Comisariado del Pueblo de Asuntos Exteriores de la URSS
 Gueorgui Chicherin
 Sociedad de Naciones
 Iósif Stalin

Notas

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

 (en ruso) Biografía sie versiones de distintas fuentes
 The Bolshevik revolution : its rise and meaning  por Maxim Litvinov

Embajadores de la Unión Soviética en Cuba
Embajadores de la Unión Soviética en los Estados Unidos
Bolcheviques
Políticos de Rusia del siglo XX
Revolucionarios de Rusia
Sociedad de Naciones
Candidatos al Premio Nobel de la Paz
Nacidos en Białystok
Fallecidos en Moscú
Miembros del Partido Comunista de la Unión Soviética
Galardonados con la Orden de la Bandera Roja del Trabajo


text:
Q: Why am I getting `Conversion failed when converting the varchar value 'This is full' to data type int.`? This code has been working for the past one year but suddenly, we started getting:

Conversion failed when converting the varchar value 'This is full' to data type int

Code:
CASE
   WHEN L.Seating_Capacity - COALESCE(TS.TakenSeats,0) = 0 THEN 'This is full'
   WHEN l.location = 'MLK High School' AND d.trainingDates = '5/14/2014' THEN 70 - COALESCE(TS.TakenSeats,0)
   ELSE CAST(L.Seating_Capacity - COALESCE(TS.TakenSeats,0) AS VARCHAR)
END AS 'AvailableSeats'

Any ideas what went wrong?

A: Because CASE is an expression - it computes a single value, of a single type. So all of the possible THENs (and the ELSE) must all produce values that can be converted to a single type. You can't have one THEN produce a varchar and a different one produce an int.
And since int has a higher precedence than varchar, that's the single data type that SQL Server tries to convert everything to.
CASE WHEN  L.Seating_Capacity - COALESCE(TS.TakenSeats,0) = 0
 THEN 'This is full'
WHEN l.location='MLK High School' AND d.trainingDates = '5/14/2014'
 THEN CONVERT(varchar(10),70 - COALESCE(TS.TakenSeats,0))
ELSE CONVERT(varchar(10),L.Seating_Capacity - COALESCE(TS.TakenSeats,0))
END AS 'AvailableSeats'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


No one can deny that Mexican food is delicious. And while technically we don't need an excuse to eat it, Cinco de Mayo does provide the perfect reason. So if you're up for a smorgasbord of food, but not up for venturing out to a packed restaurant, let us bring the food to you!
Because quite frankly, most Americans don't even know why they celebrate Cinco de Mayo. They just like to enjoy the food and drink. So here's the best way to do so.
If you'd like a margarita to accompany your feast, we can personally recommend this Jalapeño Watermelon Margarita by one of our favorite food bloggers, Nutmeg Nanny.
Photo and recipe by Nutmeg Nanny.
And here are the top 3 Mexican foods to pair with your homemade margarita.
The best part about nachos is the portion size. You'll never be left hungry if you order nachos.
Is it even Cinco de Mayo if you don't eat tacos? Just order one of each on the menu.
A Mexican classic, get all hot and smothered with enchiladas.
Now, where to find it.
We've rounded up the most popular Mexican dishes, and where to get them, in some of our biggest markets. And if you don't live in one of these cities, just check out bitesquad.com to find the best Mexican food for delivery near you.
Now eat, drink and be merry!
Find delicious Mexican food available for delivery near you!


Yes I know what I said about his color sight/magic sight.
No, this page is not a mistake (at least in that respect).
The following page will probably be using different software altogether, now that I've gotten fed up with it.


text:
For Dutch visit softwarezaken.nl
Working at ICT Institute
Lectures and talks 2018
Expert research
ISO27001 Introduction
ISO27001 Lead Auditor
IT research and consulting
Utrecht office
Secure transfer of source code
Security verified requirements 2016.10
These are the old, 2016.10 version, of the Security Verified requirements. These older requirements will remain available for reference. For new reviews you should use the latest version of the Security Verified requirements.
The document consists of two parts.
Part 1 (General Requirements) consists of mandatory elements for a functioning ISMS and legal requirements. An organisation must address all these elements in order to have an effective ISMS.
Part 2 (Example controls) is a list of recommended or best practice controls for each area. An organisation should evaluate these controls and implement the controls that are relevant and valuable. ICT Institute wants to see evidence of implementation for more than 50% of these controls (at least 14 out of 27).
If an ISMS meets the requirements of both parts, it qualifies for a 'Security Reviewed' certificate.
The general requirements part consists of the following topics
Management requirements
Security team requirements
Staff involvement
Security Policy Documentation
These topics are in fact similar to ISO 27001, in that they describe a management system. By having all these elements in place, an organisation should be able to improve their informations security continuously. Eventually they should reach a very high level. The only difference in structure between ISO 27001 and this part is that there is an extra section for personal data protection. Organisations are required by law to implement these, so it made sense to include them in the standard.
The example controls part consists of the following sections:
Human resource controls
Physical security controls
System access controls
Secure software development and acquisition
Technical security controls for systems
Technical security for devices
Recurring controls
This structure is somewhat similar to ISO 27002, a standard that also presents a set of controls. Like ISO 27002, not all of these controls are mandatory. The information security team should choose those controls that are most effective against the actual risks of an organisation. The controls that are included in the standard are however highly recommended for most organisations, and it would be very suspicious if an organisation claimed to have a good information security policy, but had determined that most of these controls would not be necessary. Such an organisation might be trying to get a security certificate without making any actual improvements. For this reason, it is mandatory to have more than half of the controls implemented. The organisation can determine by themselves which half is most suitable for their organisation.
Part 1: General requirements
A permanent security team has been created by management
The security team has received enough time for quarterly reviews and improvement of information security
Top management itself has shown commitment and involvement in information security.
The security team has created and maintains an inventory of information assets and risks.
The risks are continuously evaluated. A first evaluation has taken place and some controls have been defined in response
A regular (e.g. quarterly or semi-annually) meeting has been planned for reviewing risks, assets and choosing controls based on this analysis
The team has chosen a structured method like 'plan-do-check-act' for continuous improvement
At least half the staff have attended a security awareness training
Randomly selected staff members know whom to contact and how to respond in case of incidents or questions.
The responsibility of each new and current staff member for information security is formally agreed (e.g. in staff policy or new contracts)
There is a document that describes the organisational scope of information security answering scope questions around legal entities, locations and personnel types
There is an up to date register of information security incidents (including staff questions, signals or other messages) available to the whole infosec team
Results and decisions from the risk assessment process are documented
The management or security team has analysed whether and where the organisation is handling personal data and thus whether additional regulations apply to the organisation.
All staff handling personal data is aware of the existence of additional regulations for personal data. Specifically they understand the need to take additional care against improper use, improper storage and the need for proper security
It is clear which management team member is responsible for making sure all suppliers with access to personal data sign a data processing agreement. An actual example or template is available.
It is clear which management team member is responsible for keeping track of all data processing agreements signed by organisation. He or she must check if the infosec policy meets all requirements from these agreements.
There is a contact person and process for staff to report potential personal data breaches.
The information security team understands the actual rules for personal data protection and the importance of proper-use-only, limiting storage and distribution and the rights of subjects.
The security team has defined actions to grow its own knowledge, e.g. through books, courses and involvement in the information security community.
A statement of applicability listing all controls chosen in the risk treatment process is maintained.
It is clear which metrics will be used by the management to evaluate the information security management system.
Part 2: Example controls
These controls are not all mandatory. Each organisation should select the most effective controls based on their risk analysis.
Instructions on information security are included in the onboarding process for new employees.
A check is made when people leave the company whether assets are returned.
It is clear to all staff whether they can use their own devices (laptop and mobile) for company email and data
It is clear to all staff whether they are allowed to work from home or other locations, and what the requirements for these locations are
Candidates are screened by calling a reference or asking a VOG.
Offices with IT infrastructure in it are locked or otherwise have access restrictions
Important documents such as contracts are stored out of sight and locked
All acceptance and production servers are hosted at secure, dedicated data centers
All production servers are backed up at least daily
There is a backup plan for office documents. The result must be that all office documents that users work on are either stored in the cloud or backed up on a daily basis
All devices have a password or access code. Everyone is instructed on proper use of passwords
All IT systems have personal accounts with a password or access code
For all systems where possible, checks are in place to force people to choose strong passwords
All passwords are changed at least once a year or within 2 months after a technical member of staff with access leaves the company
All software developers have working knowledge of OWASP and receive regular security awareness training
All product owners, designers and developers doing design work have been instructed to apply security by design and privacy by design.
Systems are regularly tested for security aspects, as part of the normal testing
Communication to and from servers is secured using https, SSL or other secure protocols
All production servers have a firewall installed
All production servers produce logs. This information is stored securely and monitored for important events using alerts or daily checks
There is a policy that forbids the use of default passwords and other weak passwords
PCs and laptops have a firewall enabled and antivirus software installed
Devices (PC laptop, tablet and smartphone) have an up to date, still supported OS version.
There is a backup or recovery plan for when devices go missing or are stolen. Possible elements include encryption, wiping and diabling accounts
External ethical hackers are regularly (recurring PEN-test) or continuously (bug bounty program) invited to test security
Future security awareness trainings have been planned to keep new and current staff up to date. The dates for at least the next two trainings have been announced
There is a procedure for internal security audits, requested by management executed outside the information security team.
ISO 31000 in relation to ISO 27001
Jelle Hoekstra 8 January 2021
Sieuwert van Otterloo 31 December 2020
Evaluating risk management methods for software projects
Sieuwert van Otterloo 30 September 2020
Effective learning analytics for higher education
AI, Machine Learning and neural networks explained
Sieuwert van Otterloo 27 July 2020
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To prove you are not a robot, what is eight minus three?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Jeroen Gies (* 23. Januar 1995 in Bothel) ist ein deutsch-niederländischer Fußballspieler.

Er spielte in der Jugend von Werder Bremen und gehörte in der Folgezeit ein Jahr dem Kader der dritten Mannschaft an. Danach stand Gies beim niederländischen Erstligisten FC Groningen, wo er Teil des Kaders der zweiten Mannschaft swar, unter Vertrag sowie beim SV Meppen, mit dem er 2017 in die 3. Liga aufstieg, unter Vertrag. Nach einem Gastspiel beim Regionalligisten 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig wechselte er zum Oberligisten Rotenburger SV.

Kindheit und Jugend
Der Sohn eines Niederländers aus Deventer (Provinz Overijssel) und einer Deutschen wuchs im niedersächsischen Bothel zwischen Bremen und Hamburg auf. Sein Vater war als Soldat in Seedorf, rund 40 Kilometer von Bothel entfernt, stationiert und ist später im Elbe-Weser-Dreieck geblieben. Jeroen Gies guckte als Kind mit seinem Vater an jedem Sonntag die Zusammenfassungen der Partien in der Eredivisie an, sein Vorbild war Edwin van der Sar.

Karriere
Jeroen Gies wechselte nach seinen Anfängen in der Jugend des TuS Bothel im Sommer 2007 in die Jugendabteilung von Werder Bremen. In der Saison 2013/14 spielte er in der dritten Mannschaft der Bremer. Im Sommer 2014 lernte er während eines Hallernturniers im niedersächsischen Cloppenburg Paul Raveneau, dem Trainer der zweiten Mannschaft des FC Groningen, kennen und nachdem Brian van Loo Gies bei Werder sah, wurde dieser dann zu einem Probetraining eingeladen. Danach erhielt er einen Vertrag bei den Groningern. Beim FC Groningen konnte sich Jeroen Gies nicht durchsetzen, allerdings gewann er mit dem Verein 2015 den KNVB-Beker. Im Sommer 2016 wechselte er zurück nach Deutschland zum Regionalligisten SV Meppen, nachdem sich ein Wechsel nach Enschede zerschlug, da er sich sein Fuß gebrochen hatte. Mit diesem Verein gelang ihm am Ende der Saison 2016/17 der Aufstieg in die 3. Liga. Dort kam er auch zu seinem ersten Profieinsatz, als er am 31. März 2018, dem 32. Spieltag, beim 2:0-Auswärtssieg gegen den SC Fortuna Köln in der 56. Spielminute für Erik Domaschke eingewechselt wurde. Im Sommer 2020 wechselte er in die Regionalliga Nordost zum 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig. Dort war er allerdings nicht erste Wahl und absolvierte lediglich drei Einsätze im Sachsenpokal, wo der Verein das Finale erreichte und dort mit 1:0 gegen den Chemnitzer FC gewann. Im Sommer 2021 kehrte er in den Landkreis Rotenburg (Wümme) zurück und schloss sich dem Oberligisten Rotenburger SV aus der Kreisstadt an.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Fußballtorhüter (Werder Bremen)
Fußballtorhüter (FC Groningen)
Fußballtorhüter (SV Meppen)
Fußballtorhüter (1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig)
Deutscher
Niederländer
Geboren 1995
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


"I'm not going to be a Gabby Giffords," Norman said afterward, referring to the former Arizona Democratic congresswoman who was shot outside a Tucson-area grocery store during a constituent gathering in 2011.
Norman was speaking to constituents about gun violence during a public meeting at the Rock Hill Diner. The act drew immediate criticism from Democrats and others.
Lori Freemon, a volunteer with the South Carolina chapter of a gun control group Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America, argued Norman's actions were "a far cry from what responsible gun ownership looks like."
"I had looked forward to a respectful dialogue with my representative about common-sense gun violence prevention policies," said Freemon, one of three people who were talking to Norman at the time.
"Instead, I felt unsafe when he insisted on showing us his loaded gun and keeping it out on the table for much of our conversation," she said.
The incident happened at one of the many "coffee with constituents" meetings the freshman lawmaker hosts around South Carolina's 5th Congressional District.
Norman said he pulled out the gun, pointed it away from the meeting attendees and put it on a table for about five minutes while they continued their conversation over breakfast.
The move, Norman said, was intended to prove "guns don't shoot people; people shoot guns."
Norman is a state concealed carry permit holder and said he regularly brings his gun with him when out in public.
If anyone walked into the diner and started shooting, Norman told the attendees, he would be able to protect them because of his gun.
"I don't mind dying, but whoever shoots me better shoot well or I'm shooting back," he told The Post and Courier.
South Carolina Democratic Party chairman Trav Robertson said he plans to request an investigation by the State Law Enforcement Division, pointing to a statute that says it is illegal to "present or point at another person a loaded or unloaded firearm."
SLED spokesman Thom Berry said the agency will consider the request once they receive it.
Norman said he does not believe his actions violated the law.
Far from regretting the decision, Norman said he plans to do it more often at constituent meetings moving forward. He contested the notion that anyone was frightened at the sight of the gun, saying nobody reacted strongly or tried to leave the meeting.
"I'm tired of these liberals jumping on the guns themselves as if they are the cause of the problem," Norman said. "Guns are not the problem."
Lori Carter, who also attended the meeting, said Norman put the gun on the table about 20 minutes into the conversation. She said he had just finished telling the group that gun violence is a spiritual, mental or people issue, not a gun issue.
"And then he chose to take the gun out and put it on the table not knowing if any of us had mental health issues," said Carter, a public school teacher from Charlotte, N.C.
"What was to prevent me from leaning across the table to take that gun?" she said. "So to me, it was contradictory."
While Carter acknowledged she did not panic at the time, she described it as an uncomfortable situation.
"I felt it was highly inappropriate for an elected official, honestly, and it almost felt like an intimidation tactic," Carter said.
Norman's actions also drew the ire of Giffords' husband, retired Navy veteran and NASA astronaut Captain Mark Kelly, who helped Giffords start a gun control group after she was shot.
"Congressman Norman is right – he's no Gabby Giffords," Kelly said in a statement.
"Americans are increasingly faced with a stark choice: leaders like Gabby, who work hard together to find solutions to problems, or extremists like the NRA and Congressman Norman, who rely on intimidation tactics and perpetuating fear," Kelly added.
Residents applying for a CWP must successfully complete a basic or advanced handgun education course offered by a state, county, or municipal law enforcement agency or a nationally recognized organization that promotes gun safety, according to state law.
The education course must be a minimum of eight hours.
Democrats pounced on Norman's actions, suggesting it was a potentially illegal political stunt.
"Ralph is only pulling his gun out of his pants like a prop, which no responsible gun owner would do, because he barely got elected the first time," Robertson said. "This isn't about gun ownership, it's about his inadequate campaign."
Four Democrats have filed to run against Norman in the 2018 race, including his opponent from last year's special election, Archie Parnell.
State Republicans stood behind Norman.
"Hysterical to see liberals freak out over @RalphNorman accurately demonstrating that guns really are inanimate objects," tweeted state GOP Chairman Drew McKissick.


text:
The Dyson Difference
My DYSON COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
PhD Program in Clinical Psychology (Health Care Emphasis)
< Explore Programs
Visit Department
Please note: this is a new doctoral program beginning Fall 2019. Only applications that are complete by May 7, 2019 will be reviewed and considered for Fall 2019 admission.
Pace University's PhD Program in Clinical Psychology (with a Health Care Emphasis), focused on the mind-body connection, is designed to prepare clinical psychologists as scientific investigators and health service providers who develop special expertise in biopsychosocial facets of health and well-being. The program follows a scientist-practitioner, Boulder Model of training wherein research inquiry and clinical practice (assessment, prevention, promotion, and intervention) are integrated through intensive coursework and placement experiences. Graduates of the program will be prepared for productive scientific inquiry through research, and the application of research through a comprehensive foundation in the integration of current methods and procedures in assessment, prevention, promotion, and intervention procedures. The emphasis on health in this program through a lifespan development lens and global health lens addresses the complex reciprocal interaction between mental/emotional/psychological/social well-being and physical well-being. Throughout study and training, there is substantial focus on the significance of diversity in consideration of individuals' health and well-being.
➤ Meet department faculty
➤ Learn about faculty research groups
What Can I Do With This Degree?
Graduates may go on to pursue careers which include a combination of research, direct service, public policy within diverse settings such as medical, community, and academic settings. The Clinical Psychology (Health Care Emphasis) PhD Program benefits from coexisting in the same Pace University Department of Psychology with the APA-accredited Combined PsyD School-Clinical Child Psychology. Students benefit from this close interaction as a larger number of potential faculty mentors who are available to contribute to the student's education and training, as well as advisement and support for doctoral dissertation research. The Department also has a vibrant Master's Program in Psychology with tracks in Social and Behavioral Research, Global Health, and Industrial and Organizational Psychology; and Undergraduate Majors in Psychology and Applied Psychology; and Interdisciplinary Minor in Neuroscience with the Biology Department. The Department, comprised of diverse faculty and students, emphasizes diversity in every way: through its training emphasis in research and practice; the availability of opportunities to work with diverse populations; and through the McShane Center for Psychological Services, which provides services to the multicultural community in the lower Manhattan area; specialty clinics at the McShane Center, which serve diverse populations; and through existence of entities such as the Special Interest Group on Diversity and the Center for Global Psychology. The Pace University Program is distinctive in its consideration of factors bearing on wellness and illness: these include developmental processes (leading to preparation for work in pediatric as well as adult settings); social, cultural, economic and global features which contribute to health and well-being; as well as exposure to multiple-theoretical perspectives, including cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, trauma-focused, and other relevant approaches.
Dissertation research within this PhD Program involves a chosen investigation into a specific interface between psychological and physical health. Graduates of this PhD Program will have completed all pre-doctoral academic and internship requirements required for admittance to the New York State Licensing Examination.
Striving for excellence as a professional training program, it is fully intended that this new PhD Program will attain contingent-APA accreditation status, and ultimately, full APA accreditation status.
Curriculum (sample)
MyDYSON COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES


text:
Lone Elk Park
Lone Elk Park is a wildlife management area, with bison, wild turkey, waterfowl, elk and deer.
The park acreage was once part of the Tyson Valley Powder Plant used for the testing and storage of ammunition during WWII. After the War, the area served as a County Park, and in 1948 herds of elk and bison were established. The land was re-acquired by the Federal Government during the Korean War, and for safety reasons the wildlife herds were destroyed in 1958. However, one lone bull elk survived.
In 1964 St. Louis County reacquired a portion of the original tract from the General Services Administration and in 1966 the name was changed from Tyson Park to Lone Elk County Park. Six additional elk were obtained from Yellowstone National Park in 1966 through the efforts of the children of the Rockwood School District and West St. Louis County Lions Club.
The park was officially opened to the public on October 17, 1971. Six bison were acquired from the St. Louis Zoo in July 1973.
Motorcycles are prohibited. Domestic animals are not allowed, even if confined in a vehicle.
1 Lone Elk Park Road


Flexible 3M Heavy Duty Stripping Pads for curved surfaces replace and outperform steel wool. Stripping is easier and quicker on stubborn surfaces. Use with chemical strippers to remove paints, varnishes and other finishes without harming wood.
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Reveal the true beauty of your treasures with Heirloom Furniture Strippers. Heirloom Pure Furniture Stripper is a low odour, water rinse-able, non-flammable, safe alternative furniture refinishing option for use indoors or outdoors where there is little ventilation. Effective and safe for use on antiques or fine wood, plaster, glass, fibreglass, masonry, leather, natural fibre fabrics, carpets and metal.


Learn how to easily add a user activity feed using the public_activity gem. Here I show both the default setup using model callbacks and a manual way to trigger activities.
Here we take a look at two tools to aid us in development: Better Errors which makes it easier than ever to debug exceptions, and RailsPanel, a Chrome extension to see Rails requests.
Rails 4.0 is still unfinished, but it is shaping up to become a great release. Here I show how to setup a new Rails 4.0 (edge) application and walk through many of it's new features.
Allow users to import records into the database by uploading a CSV or Excel document. Here I show how to use Roo to parse these files and present a solution for validations.
RubyGems can make it easy to add a feature to a Rails application, but it can also cause headaches down the road. Here I give some tips on researching gems to decide which one to choose, or when to do it from scratch.
There are several gems to help implement tags in a Rails app. Here I show you how to integrate acts-as-taggable-on and then show how to do it from scratch.


Polycystic kidney disease, or PKD, is a genetic disease which causes cysts to develop in the kidneys.
It is most common in Persian cats.
Eventually, as the cysts grow, the cat may develop CKD.
What is Polycystic Kidney Disease?
Polycystic Kidney Disease, known as PKD, is an autosomal dominant genetic disease of the kidneys which is passed on by one or both parents; siblings may be unaffected. PKD affects around 6% of all cats, but appears to be more common in Persian cats, British Shorthairs and others with Persian ancestry. One of our cats, Harpsie (in the washbasin), had PKD.
The distinguishing characteristic of PKD is that cysts are present, usually on both kidneys, and as the cat gets older, these cysts often increase in size and multiply. Eventually kidney function may be diminished to the extent that CKD develops.
Some PKD cats may also show cysts in their liver - Harpsie also had these. Polycystic kidney and liver disease in cats (1998) Bosje JT, van den Ingh TSGAM & van der Linde-Sipman JS Veterinary Quarterly 20(4) pp136-139 found that "In 12 of the 18 cats (67%) with multiple rounded cysts in the kidney (PKD) in which the liver was examined, there were also cystic changes of the liver." It also found that, out of 27 cases in total, "In 5 cases there was severe pancreas fibrosis."
Cats tend to develop PKD around the age of 5 - 7 years (Harpsie was diagnosed at the age of 7) but seriously affected cats with multiple cysts can fall ill when they are as young as two. Stress or infection can accelerate this disease.
However, CKD is not inevitable - it depends how badly the kidneys are affected, and some PKD cats die from other causes before reaching CKD status. Harpsie lived to 14, so he managed seven years after his PKD diagnosis, and although his cysts were growing, he did not have CKD when he died (he died of cancer).
There is another type of cyst called perinephric pseudocysts (or perirenal pseudocysts) associated with CKD, so if your vet mentions cysts, be sure you know which type is meant.
International Cat Care has a good overview of PKD.
Universities Federation for Animal Welfare has detailed information about PKD.
Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine explains more about PKD.
PKD is usually asymptomatic, but a PKD cat may exhibit polydipsia (increased thirst), and in some cases the kidneys will feel enlarged (though there are other possible causes for this, see renomegaly).
Many PKD cats show a slight heart murmur and slightly swollen kidneys before CKD develops, and male PKD cats are often susceptible to FLUTD (feline lower urinary tract disorder), which Harpsie also had.
Harpsie also had frequent kidney infections: these are relatively common in PKD cats because the bacteria can burrow deep into the cysts.
If the disease progresses so far that CKD results, then the usual CKD symptoms will be present, and the usual treatments can be used as appropriate.
PKD itself is generally considered not to be a painful disease. Unfortunately, this may not apply to cats who progress to severe end stage PKD: these cats may suffer pain from the cysts growing rapidly and occasionally rupturing. Sadly, nothing can be done to prevent this, but you do need to watch for it occurring in a PKD cat so you can discuss your options (such as painkillers) with your vet.
The University of California at Davis identified the gene mutation that causes PKD in 2004. Feline polycystic kidney disease mutation identified in PKD1 (2004) Lyons LA, Biller DS, Erdman CA, Lipinski MJ, Young AE, Roe BA, Qin B & Grahn RA Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 15(10) pp2548-55 reports on the discovery.
The University of California at Davis offers genetic testing at a cost of US$40 per cat. The test can be run as soon as a kitten is 8-10 weeks old and is almost 100% accurate. You can obtain the sample yourself, it is obtained by non-invasive means so your vet does not need to be involved. You will be sent the results via e-mail.
DDC Veterinary in Ohio offers a similar test for US$48.
The University of Bristol Langford Veterinary Services can perform testing for £34.20. It will also perform the test for people outside the EU if they provide additional information.
The Animal Health Trust can do the test for £40.
The only other way to diagnose PKD properly is via an ultrasound of the kidneys. An ultrasound, as explained by Evaluation of the repeatability of ultrasound scanning for detection of feline polycystic kidney disease (2010) Wills SJ, Barr FJ, Bradley KJ, Helps CR, Cannon MJ & Gruffydd-Jones TJ Journal of Feline Medicine & Surgery 11 p993, is the only way to diagnose non-autosomal dominant forms of PKD.
Ultrasounds also allow you to see how many cysts are present and how severe the cysts are. Age-based ultrasonographic criteria for diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Persian cats (2018) Guerra JM, Freitas MF, Daniel AG, Pellegrino A, Cardoso NC, Castro I, Onuchic LF & Cogliati B Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Epub examined whether ultrasound could be used to consistently diagnose PKD in Persian cats and found that "the presence of at least one renal cyst was sufficient to establish a diagnosis of ADPKD in animals up to 15 months of age. Two or more cysts were required for diagnosis in cats aged 16-32 months, and at least three cysts warranted diagnosis of ADPKD in animals aged 33-49 months. Finally, four or more cysts led to diagnosis in cats aged 50-66 months."
Ultrasound is a reasonably accurate method of diagnosis if it is undertaken by somebody skilled in sonography, and ideally with experience of PKD kidneys. Repeated scans may need to be taken if the cat is very young as the cysts may not be visible at that time: it is often hard to detect PKD in cats less than nine months old.
Cysts are rare in cats but not all cysts are necessarily PKD; research is still being done in this area.
If you have a Persian cat suspected of having hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a type of heart problem, and are planning to have the heart examined by ultrasound, I would recommend having the cat's kidneys examined by ultrasound at the same time in order to rule out PKD. This was how we discovered that Harpsie has PKD - the cardiologist checked his kidneys when he checked his heart.
PKD is incurable and sadly, there are very few treatments available other than the standard treatments for CKD. Try to ensure that your cat leads a stress free life, free of infection and toxicity. A soy protein diet may possibly help.
In principle the cysts could be drained. However, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine says "It is conceivable, according to Dr. Goldstein, that cysts within the kidney could be drained with a needle in a procedure guided by ultrasound imaging. "But there usually are so many cysts," he notes, "that this is not a viable option. And even if you did drain all of them, they would fill up with fluid again.""
In theory, it might also be possible to remove the cysts surgically, though the same issues apply as with draining them. Having said that, one member of Tanya's CKD Support Group did have her PKD cat's cysts surgically removed and they did not grow back for four years.
We found that our PKD cat was very prone to kidney infections. Around 30-50% of human PKD patients will develop a urinary tract infection, and Renal infections in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (1987) Sklar AH, Caruana RJ, Lammers JE & Strauser GD American Journal of Kidney Disease 10(2) pp81-8 reports that these can be difficult to treat, especially if the infection is in the cysts themselves.
Polycystic kidney disease in four British shorthair cats with successful treatment of bacterial cyst infection (2015) Nivy R, Lyons LA, Aroch I & Segev G Journal of Small Animal Practice 56(9) pp585-9 states that infected renal cysts have not previously been reported in cats but in this study a cat with an infected cyst was successfully treated.
Potassium citrate/citric acid intake improves renal function in rats with polycystic kidney disease (1998) Tanner GA American Society of Nephrology 9 pp1242-48 indicated that potassium citrate may help PKD rats; it is not known if this also applies to cats, but potassium citrate is an ingredient in Royal Canin's Persian cat food. Do not supplement potassium without your vet's knowledge and approval.
Selective ablation of symptomatic dominant renal cysts using 99% ethanol in adult polycystic kidney disease (2006) Singh I & Mehrotra G Urology 68(3) pp482-7 was a study in India that found that injecting alcohol into cysts helped humans patients whose primary symptom was pain from dominant cysts. I am not aware of any evidence that this would help cats, though in 2013 I did hear from one person whose vet was considering this treatment for her cat.
If the PKD develops into CKD, then the usual CKD treatments can be used as appropriate, as described elsewhere in this site.
There is limited research into the treatment of PKD in cats, since the current focus is on eradicating it from breeding lines, which in the longer term is of course the best approach. The University of Bristol Langford Veterinary Services explains more about genetic testing and has a graph showing how this is gradually helping to eradicate the disease.
The following links therefore contain information about research into certain drugs which appear to slow the progression of the disease in humans or mice only. I am not aware that anyone has used these treatments in cats.
Management of ADPKD in 2016 and beyond (2016) Perrone RD National Kidney Foundation's 2016 Spring Clinical Meetings discusses the current position regarding research into PKD in humans.
Vascular endothelial growth factor C for polycystic kidney diseases (2016) Huang JL, Woolf AS, Kolatsi-Joannou M, Baluk P, Sandford RN, Peters DJM, McDonald DM, Price KL, Winyard PJD & Long DA Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 27(1) pp69-77 treated the tiny blood vessels around the cysts in mice with PKD with a growth factor called vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC). The study found that the blood vessels normalised and states "these effects were associated with significant reductions in cystic disease, BUN and serum creatinine levels."
Sirolimus therapy to halt the progression of ADPKD (2010) Perico N, Antiga L, Caroli A, Ruggenenti P, Fasolini G, Cafaro M, Ondei P, Rubis N, Diadei O, Gherardi G, Prandini S, Panozo A, Bravo RF, Carminati S, De Leon FR, Gaspari F, Cortinovis M, Motterlini N, Ene-Iordache B, Remuzzi A, Remuzzi G Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 21(6) pp1031-40 looked at the use of sirolimus in human patients. Sirolimus (rapamycin) is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplants, particularly kidney transplants. The study found that sirolimus "halted cyst growth" in the human patients in the study.
Low-dose rapamycin (sirolimus) effects in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: an open-label randomized controlled pilot study (2014) Braun WE, Schold JD, Stephany BR, Spirko RA & Herts BR Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 9(5) pp881-8 is a later study into the use of sirolimus which concluded "Patients with ADPKD receiving LD rapamycin demonstrated a significant increase in iGFR compared with those receiving standard care, without a significant effect on TKV after 12 months."
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: pathophysiology and treatment (2007) Rapoport J Quarterly Journal of Medicine 100 pp1-9 reports on a number of possible treatments for humans with PKD.
Effective treatment of an orthologous model of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (2004) Torres VE, Wang X, Qian Q, Somlo S, Harris PC, Gattone VH 2nd Natural Medicine 10(4) pp363-4 reports on the use of OPC-31260 in mice.
Effectiveness of vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists OPC-31260 and OPC-41061 on polycystic kidney disease development in the PCK rat (2005) Wang X, Gattone V 2nd, Harris PC, Torres VE Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 16(4) pp846-51 reports on research on rats into OPC-31260 and another drug called OPC-41061 which may slow the progression of PKD.


"We had some great pop songs. And we sang the s--- out of them." So begins this slick but generally entertaining portrait of the Backstreet Boys, who attempt to prove that the aforementioned accomplishment is enough to make us care about them 20 (yes, 20!) years after forming the best-selling boy band since the Beatles.
In 2012, the group ramped up for the 20th anniversary of its formation with a new album, a worldwide tour and this movie documenting it all. Given the format of these kinds of films, the movie inevitably looks backwards to the hometowns where each member got his start, goes over some of the history and offers the singers a chance to talk about a none-too-secure future with anxiety and some newly creaky joints.
The main question pursued by the film is the one raised by member A.J. McLean: "What do you do when you're a full-grown man in a boy band?"
Director Stephen Kijack — who also made the edgier music doc "Scott Walker: 30 Century Man" — wants to find the answer, but every time the film inches into compelling territory, the band backs away to avoid offending anyone.
It's too bad, because there's a lot of material to be mined here: the evil deeds of their now-jailed impresario, Lou Pearlman; the envy-inducing solo success of 'N Sync competitor Justin Timberlake; and the personal trials of all the members — McLean, Howie Dorough, the savvy Kevin Richardson, the fragile Brian Littrell, and the troubled Nick Carter.
Kijack seems torn between exploring these issues and just allowing the band — which produced the movie — to market itself and control its brand. After all, a film that weaves in clips of new songs, rehearsals and tour performances is clearly made to remind the faithful that the Boys are back in town.
True, the Boys are thoughtful and eloquent, and the whole package is engaging enough to hold even a newcomer's attention, but the end result is an incomplete story of a forgotten band hoping to celebrate — or should I say sell-abrate — an anniversary no one else remembered.
That said, add a star to this rating if you're a die-hard fan who doesn't mind a warts-free rehash.


text:
U.S. rejects claims that jihadis expelled American troops from Syrian town
U.S. military officials on Saturday denied reports that Syrian jihadists expelled American and Turkish troops from a border town about 30 miles west of the Euphrates River.
A videoposted on social media appears to show rifle-toting militants shouting "Death to America" as a team of U.S. special operations troops driving a convoy of pick-up trucks laden with crew-serve weapons leaves the town of Al Ra'i.
U.S. military officials say those troops were leaving the town after a routine meeting.
"There is absolutely no truth to coalition forces being forced out of Ar Rai. These forces conducted a routine planned movement, which followed a meeting with partnered forces in the area," officials told Military Times in a statement.
"We are working closely with a number of vetted Syrian opposition forces which share a common goal, the lasting defeat of Da'esh. With the numerous successes coalition partnered forces have had in northern Syria, much of the population welcome the partnerships which have been established," according to the written statement from the Combined Joint Task Force Operation Inherent Resolve, which oversees U.S.-led operations against the Islamic State group on Syria and Iraq.
Da'esh is another name for ISIS.
The video shows U.S. commandos riding in a convoy with Turkish tanks. It circulated on social media Friday as U.S. officials disclosed that small teams of U.S. special operations troops are now operating with Turkish troops in Syria.
Though exposed and thinly shielded, the heavily armed Americans appear calm, focused and unintimidated as they scan their surroundings. The crowd of armed men observing them becomes much louder after the U.S and Turkish troops pass, shouting and chanting and raising their weapons into the air. Captions added to the images say "dogs," "pigs" and "we will fight against America."
The video was shared with Military Times via Twitter by an unidentified user operating an account purporting to be associated with the Kurdish Pershmerga, a key American ally in the fight against ISIS in northern Iraq. U.S. commandos also are partnered with Kurdish ground units in Syria, a force known as the YPG.
This relationship is complicated, however, because Turkey considers the YPG to be outlaws who are closely affiliated with terrorists responsible for deadly attacks within Turkey's borders. Earlier this year, photos emerged of American troops in Syria wearing uniform patches associated with the YPG, a practice the Pentagon downplayed before outrage among Turkey's leaders forced the U.S. to ban personnel from wearing the insignia.
The Peshmerga Twitter account, @KURDISTAN_ARMY, has more than 20,000 followers and routinely shares battlefield updates about the conflict in Iraq and Syria. It says it supports "all Kurdish forces in our fight against terrorism" and has criticized the U.S. for backing Turkey.
Upon distributing its new video, the group claimed American troops were "expelled" from Al R'ai by Syrian opposition forces who've been trained by the U.S. military. In separate tweets, it chastised the U.S. government for allegedly attempting to "hide" the video and for supporting questionable characters in what's become a multisided and highly complex conflict inside of Syria.
As the video ends, a message reads "These terrorist groups supported by the Turkey and U.S. to fight against the Kurds, under the pretext of fighting ISIS in Syria."
US supported al-Qaida in Afghanistan against Russia and today repeated the same mistake as arming jihadists in Syria https://t.co/w6wc8tDCgb
— Peshmerga (@KURDISTAN_ARMY) September 17, 2016
The video emerged as U.S. and Turkish troops, for the first time, mounted ground-level joint operations in Syria. It's part of expanding American-Turkish cooperation there, an effort that started in August with U.S. warplanes providing close-air support for Turkish ground troops in the battle for the Syrian border town of Jarablus.
"U.S. special operations forces have been approved to accompany Turkish and vetted Syrian opposition forces as they continue to clear territory from ISIL," Marine Corps Maj. Adrian Rankine-Galloway, a Pentagon spokesman, said Friday using another acronym for ISIS.
"U.S. personnel operating with Turkish forces and Syrian opposition forces will provide the same train, advise and assist support they have been providing to local partners in Syria fighting ISIL," the Pentagon spokesman said.
The new mission will not require a change in the current U.S. force level in Syria, which is capped at 300 troops, a defense official said. It was first reported Friday by the Wall Street Journal, which said about 40 special operations troops will be working with the Turkish forces.
Tilghman is Military Times' Pentagon bureau chief. Follow him on Twitter: @andrewtilghman. Military Times' senior editor Andrew deGrandpre contributed to this report. Follow him on Twitter: @adegrandpre.


Provost Enhancement Award for Excellence in Scholarly Publication – from the Provost at the University of Scranton for distinction among university faculty in scholarship and creative activity, 2014.
Dr. Mary Jane Hanson has over 25 years of teaching experience and has been a faculty member at Scranton since 1996. Her current teaching responsibilities include family nurse practitioner and clinical nurse specialist theory and practice courses, epidemiology and biostatistics, and health care knowledge for health informatics, all at the graduate level. In addition, she has over 20 years of experience as a nurse practitioner and maintains a current part-time family nurse practitioner practice, as well as an active research agenda.
Dr. Hanson has published more than 30 papers in national and international peer-reviewed journals including Nursing Research, Western Journal of Nursing Research, The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, Nursing Education Perspectives, Journal of Health Management and Public Health, The Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, American Journal of Critical Care, The American Journal for Nurse Practitioners, American Journal of Nursing, and Nursing Management. In addition, she regularly presents her research at regional, national, and international conferences. Dr. Hanson has been very successful at securing grant funding and has successfully authored federal grants for the graduate nursing program totaling more than three million dollars.
She is active in service to her profession and has served as an appointed member on national committees for nursing accreditation and smoking cessation. Dr. Hanson also volunteers on committees at her church and for local animal shelters. Mary Jane's hobbies include horseback riding and showing her Arabian horses. In 2013, two of her horses received very prestigious lifetime achievement awards for their numerous horse show wins.


text:
Latronico,  comune italiano della provincia di Potenza, in Basilicata
 Cosimo Latronico (n. 1958), politico italiano
 Vincenzo Latronico (n. 1984), scrittore e traduttore italiano


A warm welcome to new students joining us!
Applications must go to the local Erasmus coordinator at your home university, who will make the selection and nominate the students for participating in the exchange program.
At FU Berlin, the academic year is divided into two parts called semesters. The lecture period of the winter semester starts mid-October and extends to mid-February. The lecture time of the summer semester starts mid-April and ends around July 20. A number of courses are offered as blocks between each semester's lecture periods. This includes the intensive language courses. An exchange student usually will stay for one semester.
Exchange students are invited to attend all lectures and seminars which fit into their curriculum. Current course descriptions can be found in the course catalog. The final list of classes for the winter semester usually is available in June, and the classes for the summer semester in January. See the separate description for the advance view of future courses, plus information on the ECTS credit points.
The ERASMUS Team at the Student Exchange Office offers a lot of valuable information, in particular about German language courses and accommodation in dormitories.
You may enjoy support provided by our Tutor for International students and/or International Mentor.
To obtain the transcript of records, fill in the form (English version, German version) with the courses you have taken and the exams that you have passed (or that you are planning to take), and bring it to the Erasmus Coordinator. It will take a while (several months) until the Transcript of Records is issued, because we need to wait until the grades are visible in our central system (Campus Management). The Transcript of Records will be sent to your home university, and if you wish, you can also get a scanned copy.
Usually, the grades are entered into our Campus Management system only after the make-up exam (the second exam for those who failed the first exam) is graded. If you don't intend to take part in the make-up exam, you can ask your teachers to enter your grades as soon as they are known, in order to speed up the process.


Aldosterone is a hormone manufactured by the adrenal glands. It is found at the top of the kidneys and is responsible for the production of several other important hormones in the body. It affects blood pressure and also regulates sodium and potassium levels in our bloodstream among other things. This test is typically used in the evaluation of patients with hypertension and possible hyperaldosteronism.


Document from the KuK Gesandschafts Wach Detachement in Peking / Imperial and Royal Embassy Guard detachment in Peking, China, in 1902, shortly after the suppression of the Boxer Rebellion in 1901. Reciept for the sending of 1000K in Gold from the SMS Maria Theresia ship. Completely separated along the fold in the middle.


I live in the Kansas City area (on the Kansas side). I still work full-time but hoping to retire in a few years and have a lot more time to quilt. I love gifting my quilts.
This is a first - commissioned quilt. They requested yellow and gray and really liked the chevron look - so this is what I did.
Just a little shamrock blessing for my SIL. I used a free quilt block pattern found on With Heart and Hands - Michele Bilyeu blog.
I made this quilt for DGD 1. Her favorite color is pink- Hubba Hubba designed by Me & My Sister Designs for Moda was perfect. The background fabric is white with pink polka dots. Of course, I had to make a pillowcase and throw pillow.
Made this little quilt for a co-worker. No pattern - just simple four patch alternating with whole block.
I made this quilt for a co-worker who was retiring.
I was wanting a spring small table topper. I used the mini tumbler template. Love this fabric line!
I made this tote for my sister. I used a pattern by So Sew Easy - The "Lucy" Bag (with a few modifications of my own). The Royals fabric is from Fabric Taditions and the gold stripe is a Back Porch Print by Kay England.
Made this zipper pouch for my DD for Mother's Day. If I remember right, I got the fabric at Hobby Lobby.
A table runner I made from the first forum HST exchange. It was a lot of fun seeing all the different fabrics - love the scrappyness!!
I just finished this baby quilt for a co-worker who is having a little girl. She has two boys, so I wanted to make something very girly. I used the Rosey line by Tanya Whelan for Free Spirit Fabrics. I didn't have a pattern, made a bunch of QSTs and then made prairie points around the inner border. I got the prairie point idea from a pattern on Moda Bakeshop - Pinwheel Baby Quilt by Jodi Nelson. First time doing a scalloped border and Jenny's tutorial made it very easy. I FMQ it on my DHM doing a loop in each triangle and using a ruler for the outside border lines.
Loved the tutorial Jenny did for this one and knew I wanted to make it for my DGD for her 9th birthday.
I found this wonderful book by Carrie Nelson - Schnibbles Times Two - I made this baby quilt with 2 charm packs and some yardage. I adapted it to make it a bit bigger by adding a scalloped border. I FMQ it by meandering. On the border I used a ruler to FMQ the lines. Had a lot of fun doing this one.
I absolutely love to watch MSQC tutorials! This week (while snowed in) I watched Jenny's BEAR CLAW tutorial. I really liked it and decided to expand it into a table topper. When I bought our recent sunroom cushions, I bought extra (all on sale of course) so took one of the extras and cut it into strips for the border! I really like how the topper tuner out! Thanks, Jenny ~ for all of the great ideas.
I made this quilt for one of my daughters. She loves it. It went together so easily. I love making blocks with the tube method.
Using the In-R-Form tutorial with Jenny & Crafty Gemini I had to make me a "sleeve" to store my bible and all the misc things I take with me to church.
This quilt was fashioned after the pattern Bonneville. I was hoping to get a few massages out of the deal. Sure had fun making it.
I made these blocks many years ago and put them away waiting for a special occasion for them. My daughter saw them and loved them so when she got engaged I knew this would be her wedding quilt. The colors pallet changed from the original one I had in mind though. Both grandmothers passed away before my daughter's wedding and she was saddened to think of them not being there so the pink in the quilt represents Rose, and the lavender was my mother's favorite color. She cried when she saw it.
This was made for my husbands nephew. It was his first birthday and I thought it would be fun to add a surprise under some of the pennants.
Didn't measure a thing. I simply used the Easy Pinwheel tutorial. I used Kona white and Kona brights layer cakes. Quilted using a bright lime green thread to exactly match the same color Kona solid. The quilt is 7 blocks by 6 blocks for a total of 42...the top row is over the fence so it doesn't show. And the dark shape in the bottom right corner is photobombing Petey, my Pibble mix.
JUST FINISHED!! My niece picked this quilt for her bed. It was my first pixelated quilt. I was very surprised by how fast it came together. I got it done in just over a month!


text:
Gustav Bergmann (* 4. Mai 1906 in Wien; † 21. April 1987 in Iowa City, USA) war ein österreichischer Wissenschaftstheoretiker und Philosoph.

Leben

Gustav Bergmann immatrikulierte sich nach dem Abitur zum Studium der Mathematik und Philosophie an der Universität Wien. Schon vor dem Abschluss der Promotion in Mathematik 1928 zum Thema Beiträge zur metrischen Differentialgeometrie wurde er von seinem ehemaligen Klassenkameraden Kurt Gödel in den Wiener Kreis eingeführt, wo Bergmann besonders von Moritz Schlick, Friedrich Waismann und Rudolf Carnap beeinflusst wurde. 1929 bis 1930 unterrichtete Bergmann Mathematik an der Wiener Realschule und ging in den Folgejahren nach Berlin, wo er als Assistent von Albert Einstein tätig war.

Durch die ständigen Diskriminierungen gegen Juden an deutschen Universitäten zunehmend entmutigt, ging Bergmann zurück nach Wien, wo er Rechtswissenschaft studierte und mit dem Dr. jur. abschloss. Anschließend nahm er eine Stelle in einer Anwaltskanzlei an.

Nach dem Anschluss Österreichs an Nazideutschland 1938 emigrierte Bergmann mit Hilfe Albert Einsteins und durch finanzielle Unterstützung des Wiener-Kreis-Mitgliedes Otto Neurath in die USA.

Bereits 1939 erhielt er eine Assistentenstelle bei dem Psychologen Kurt Lewin an der University of Iowa. Bergmann arbeitete hier an einer Untersuchung über mathematische Darstellung der Lewinschen psychologischen Feldtheorie. 1940 wurde Bergmann dann Assistant Professor, ab 1950 dann ordentlicher Professor für Philosophie und Psychologie am Department of Philosophy der University of Iowa in Iowa City. Durch seinen 1944 im Journal of Symbolic Logic veröffentlichten Aufsatz Pure Semantics, Sentences, and Propositions, der sich kritisch mit Carnaps semantischer Theorie auseinandersetzte und auf den Carnap mit der Entgegnung Hall and Bergmann on Semantics reagierte (Mind 54, 214, 1945), begann Bergmanns Abkehr vom Kreis des Logischen Empirismus: Schon der Titel von Bergmanns Duplik, A Positivistic Metaphysics of Consciousness (Mind 54, 215, 1945), drückt aus, dass Bergmann nunmehr dazu überging, Carnaps erklärtermaßen antimetaphysische Position seinerseits als eine Form von kritikwürdiger Metaphysik zu betrachten.

Besonders in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren hatte Bergmann einen großen Einfluss auf die zeitgenössische Philosophie, vor allem in den Bereichen Ontologie und Erkenntnistheorie, so dass das Philosophy Department der University of Iowa zu einem der führenden philosophischen Institute der USA wurde. Dies führte dazu, dass er hervorragende Studenten nicht nur aus den USA anzog (Laird Addis, Herbert Hochberg, Reinhardt Grossmann, L. Nathan Oaklander u. a.); aus deren Mitte bildete sich eine eigene philosophische Schule, die heute gelegentlich als "Iowa-Schule" oder auch als die "Iowa-Realisten" bezeichnet wird. Er wird als Erfinder des Begriffes "linguistic turn" angesehen.

1967 wurde Gustav Bergmann zum Präsidenten der American Philosophical Association (Western Division) gewählt. 1972 wurde er mit der Carver Professur des College of Liberal Art der University of Iowa geehrt. Bergmann wurde 1974 emeritiert und starb 1987.

In der zeitgenössischen analytisch orientierten Ontologie gilt Bergmann inzwischen als Klassiker. Zu seinem 100. Geburtstag fanden internationale Kongresse in Iowa City, Paris und Rom statt. Während des Kongresses in Paris 2006 wurde die International Gustav Bergmann Society gegründet.

Schriften
 The Philosophy of Science. Wisconsin 1966.
 The Metaphysics of Logical Positivism. Wisconsin 1954.
 Meaning and Existence. Wisconsin 1959.
 Logic and Reality. Wisconsin 1964.
 Realism: A Critique of Brentano and Meinong. Wisconsin 1967.
 William Heald, Edwin B. Allaire (Hrsg.): New Foundations of Ontology. Wisconsin 1992.
 Erwin Tegtmeier (Hrsg.): Gustav Bergmann. Collected Papers. 3 Bände. ontos, Heusenstamm. Band I: Selected Papers 1. 2003. Band II: Selected Papers 2. 2004. Band III: Realism. 2004.

Literatur
 Moltke S. Gram, E. D. Klemke (Hrsg.): The Ontological Turn. Studies in the Philosophy of Gustav Bergmann. University of Iowa Press, Iowa IA 1974, ISBN 0-87745-043-9.
 Hochberg, Herbert: The Positivist and the Ontologist. Bergmann, Carnap and Logical Realism. Rodopi, Amsterdam [u. a.], 2001. (= Studien zur österreichischen Philosophie; 32.)
 Addis, Laird / Greg Jesson / Erwin Tegtmeier (Hrsg.): Ontology and Analysis. Essays and Recollections about Gustav Bergmann. Ontos Verlag, Frankfurt 2007.

Weblinks

 Porträt auf der Website der University of Iowa
 Arbeiten von Gustav Bergmann an der University of Iowa

Einzelnachweise

Wissenschaftstheoretiker
Philosoph (20. Jahrhundert)
Wiener Kreis
Hochschullehrer (University of Iowa)
Österreichischer Emigrant zur Zeit des Nationalsozialismus
Österreicher
Geboren 1906
Gestorben 1987
Mann


Gulf's association with aviation dates back to an era when biplanes ruled the skies and Gulf's aerobatic and record breaking feats thrilled audiences around the world.
80 years on, Gulf continues to play an integral role in the market, serving general aviation operators and regional airports throughout the UK.
A wealth of experience and a comprehensive package of support services underpin our operation as we deliver your fuels and lubricants safely, on time and at competitive prices.
Personal service is an integral part of the Gulf offering, and that extends across all areas of the business, including the Leeds-based Gulf Aviation order and customer support centre.
Our competitors may be outsourcing or relocating overseas, but with Gulf you can be assured of a friendly welcome from experienced and knowledgeable staff who understand your specific needs.


text:
Lookup Elected Officials
About NLIHC
About the NLIHC Policy Center
As friends and supporters of the National Low Income Housing Coalition know, our staff educate Members of Congress about the housing problems of poor people in our country and encourage them to enact legislation to solve these problems. Our voice on Capitol Hill is essential to protecting and increasing low income housing resources.
As a 501(c)(3) organization, however, NLIHC is constrained in the amount of direct and grassroots lobbying we can do. Since our early days in the 1970s, we have had both 501(c)(3) (Low Income Housing Information Service) and 501(c)(4) (National Low Income Housing Coalition) entities. In 1996, these two entities were merged into the National Low Income Housing Coalition 501(c)(3) and a new National Low Income Housing Policy Center 501(c)(4) was established.
The Policy Center allows us to advocate with federal lawmakers on socially just federal housing policy beyond the constraints under which a 501(c)(3) nonprofit must operate. (Contributions to the Policy Center are not tax deductible.)
Donate Today to the National Low Income Policy Center!
National Low Income Housing Coalition
Tweets by @NLIHC


Michelle Madow: Halloween Dance Costumes!
I love "shopping" online for the clothes my characters wear. Even more so, I love "shopping" for my characters when they go to a HALLOWEEN DANCE!
This is the exact mask she draws in her sketchbook.
I am a writer of fiction myself, and my friend and I are doing a collaboration.
Let me just say that it is fantastic to see another author doing the same thing we are - "shopping for their characters!
I have so many items saved for all of my characters - clothes, cars, personal items. And of course, they people we've based them off to look like.
Sooner or later, I will get my hands on this book!
Aww Michelle your costume is fabulous! I love this!!!
haha awsome! I love shopping for my characters as well!


text:
Q: Multi-push vs. multi-map I'm asked to get attributes collection out of an array object,
let a = [
    {name:'aname',age:21},
    {name:'bname',age:22},
    {name:'cname',age:23},
    {name:'dname',age:24},
    {name:'ename',age:25},
    {name:'fname',age:26},
    {name:'gname',age:27}]

// wanted
let ok = {
    names:'aname;bname;cname;dname;ename;fname;gname',
    ages:'21;22;23;24;25;26;27'
}

and I got 2 ways of doing it:
alpha just using map of an array:
// alpha
let res = {
    names:'',
    ages:''
}

res.names=a.map(iter=>iter.name).join(';')
res.ages=a.map(iter=>iter.age).join(';')
//then return res

// ========================================================

and beta just iterate the array and append each attribute in the tabulation array:

// beta
let res = {
    names:[],
    ages:[]
}

a.forEach(iter=>{
    res.names.push(iter.name)
    res.ages.push(iter.age)
})
// then handle res's fields
ok.names = res.names.join(';')
ok.ages = res.ages.join(';')

so which way should I use to get the collection? Will alpha get slower or faster than beta when the objects in a get lots of fields(attrs)?

A: Both approaches are good. I'd say it depends on your personal preference what you'd want to use.
However, It seems to me that if you are aiming for performance, the following would yield better results.

let a = [
    {name:'aname',age:21},
    {name:'bname',age:22},
    {name:'cname',age:23},
    {name:'dname',age:24},
    {name:'ename',age:25},
    {name:'fname',age:26},
    {name:'gname',age:27}]

let ok = { names: '', ages: ''}

for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++){
const iter = a[i]
ok.names += iter.name + ";";
ok.ages += iter.age + ";";
}

ok.names = ok.names.slice(0,-1)
ok.ages = ok.ages.slice(0,-1)

console.log(ok)

This apporach eliminates the need to create new arrays or joining them (join is a heavy operation). Just create the string you want and at the end of it all, remove the one extra semicolon.

A: I consider that alfa is simpler and clearer for me, but I guess it is up to you...


text:
Our View: How much is Spring Break worth?
The News Herald
Several times in the last year we took to this space to talk about Spring Break.
We noted that each year, without fail, city and county officials rail against the month-long event. However, from at least the 1990s until last year most of this remained a seemingly endless cycle of talk.
Last year, at the request of Sheriff Frank McKeithen, Bay County and Panama City Beach officials passed a series of rules designed to change the tone of Spring Break. However, the city council declined to pass what might have been the rule with the most impact, making it illegal to consume alcohol on the sandy beach, for fear that would kill the cash cow altogether.
These aren't easy decisions. Killing Spring Break would almost certainly hurt the Panama City Beach economy and force seasonal employees to wait another month before they can come back to work. By the same token, allowing Spring Break to continue unaltered damages Panama City Beach's reputation and risks the city losing other tourists (many of whom might buy more than beer and cigarettes) and perhaps even industries that choose to plant their flags in places where they don't have to cede a section of town for several weeks every March.
Anecdotally, this year's crowd appears to be causing more trouble than last year's crowd. And while it's often hard to judge these things by anecdotes and in the middle of the event, Panama City Beach Spring Break is an event littered with tragic events including alcohol related deaths, shootings, stabbings, rapes and sometimes worse.
WHAT'S YOUR VIEW? WRITE US A LETTER.
Until the month is over, and an analysis of the statistics can be done, we can't say for certain that this year is any better or worse than last year. But it wasn't very good last year. It should also be noted that crime will always go up when 100,000 people or more come to Panama City Beach but there is appears to be a clear difference in the types of crime law enforcement professionals see during Spring Break compared to the summer holiday weekends and other major events.
On Monday, McKeithen expressed concern about the number of shootings and fights that had already occurred during the first 11 days of Spring Break. More than 900 people were booked into Bay County Jail this Spring Break, he said, up from 135 in the same time span last year.
On Tuesday, Bay County Commissioners said they too were concerned with Spring Break. Commissioner Guy Tunnell said he the commission should have done more to curb the event even if Panama City Beach officials would not go along.
"There are a lot of other things I wished we'd have done but we didn't," he told The News Herald's John Henderson. "I think we, as the County Commission, need to set the tone, as well. We need to take a stand, if you will — draw a line in the sand."
Of course, Panama City Beach is not the first community to come to this crossroads. Fort Lauderdale ended Spring Break in 1985. According to NBC News the city did it by banning open alcohol containers, sleeping in cars and parking overnight at the beach. They also rerouted A1A (their version of Front Beach Road) to halt cruising and spent millions on a new convention center, beach improvements and an airport expansion.
Some businesses did close but others prospered and the amount of visitors has increased tremendously since 3.3 million showed up in 1985 and spent $2.2 billion. In 2013, 13.3 million visitors spent $10.6 billion.
There certainly is no guarantee that if Panama City Beach employs the same strategies that it will get the same results.
However, Panama City Beach is a wildly different place than it was when crowds first began coming to town in the late 1980s. The city was once full of mom and pop hotels and is now home to major condos and resorts. The economy is booming thanks to Pier Park, the surrounding businesses and new traffic from the airport in West Bay. And, for much of the year, the city brings in a wide range of people for a variety of activities including sports, concerts and family friendly vacations.
But the world is a wildly different place these days as well, and with the arrival of social media the guts of Spring Break are almost instantly on display for the world via Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and other sources. What happens in PCB doesn't stay in PCB, and that has now drawn attention.
The people who support Spring Break say all of these things can live in harmony despite the negative attention Spring Break brings in the national media and the problems it creates for law enforcement, other first responders, and the locals who say they have had enough.
The question remains: How?
Either these answers need to be found or, as we've said many times in the past, the community and its leaders have to decide if Spring Break is wanted or not, and take appropriate action based on that decision.


text:
Billerica votes down sewer regulations
Jesse Collings
Oct 12, 2018 at 1:01 PM Oct 12, 2018 at 1:01 PM
Town Meeting members voted down proposed regulations that would have penalized residents who have decided not to connect to the town's sewer system.
The regulation was put forth by the town with the argument the town has invested in the sewer system, and residents who are not hooking up to the system that are eligible to do so are not paying their share of the investment.
"Generally the role of government is that some people don't use fire, some people don't use police, but you still pay for it. Under the water and sewer situation, only one group is paying for it, the rate payers," Town Manager John Curran said during Town Meeting on Thursday, Oct. 11. "The deal was that in 1974 we would install the system throughout the town, and you would have to connect within a year. This bylaw isn't a new thing, we are just figuring out how to enforce it."
According to Curran, there are 634 homes in Billerica not connected that are along existing sewer line, representing $200,000 in lost revenue each year.
The regulations would charge residents who connect their home to the system the average residential wastewater charge, effectively making them pay whether or not they are connected. In addition, any household that did not connect to the system within a year of receiving notice would be fined $1,000, $2,000 for the second violation and $3,000 for each year after that.
Selectman Kim Conway expressed her support for the regulations.
"This article is about equity and fairness. We have a bylaw, it's been in place for 44 years and we are not enforcing it. How about if we didn't enforce other laws? We have a law, we are trying to put some teeth behind it. It's not fair the way it is today," Conway said.
An amendment was put forth by Selectman George Simolaris proposing a longer grace period for residents who have recently updated their septic systems and have not connected, as well as a way for hardship cases to be considered in front of the Board of Selectmen. The amendment was voted down, with concerns being raised about the Selectmen being arbitrators for the hardship cases, as well as residents having to disclose their financial hardships during public meetings.
Selectman Mike Rosa objected to the regulations, arguing a surcharge that is 60 percent of the average annual residential wastewater bill is unfair to residents who may be living alone and using very little wastewater.
"Why do we have a surcharge of the average residential water bill? This is unfair to low-volume users or single people, and it will effect seniors (as well)," Rosa said.
Town Meeting member Joe Donoghue spoke and said that he was one of the bylaw offenders, and the reason many of the people have not connected is because they haven't been able to afford it.
"Looking around my neighborhood, many of the people who chose not hook up, they don't have the money, they don't have the $3-5,000 to pay to hook up," Donahoue said. "They are a widow, a family with a disabled child that doesn't have two nickles to rub together, in my case I'm paying my kids college loans. I have a septic system and I'm not costing the town any money because I'm not producing any waste."
After the article was voted down, the town did approve Article 29, which authorized the town to apply to the Department of Environmental Protection's Clean Low Interest Loan Program that would establish a trust to provide low interest loans to residents that qualify for relief to connect to the town's sewer system.
"I think it's better that we incentivize these people to connect as opposed to penalizing them," Rosa said.