text:
---
version: v1.1.0
category: Tutorial
title: 'Using Selenium and Webdriver'
redirect_from:
    - /docs/v0.24.0/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.25.0/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.26.0/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.27.0/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.28.0/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.29.0/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.30.0/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.31.0/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.32.0/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.33.0/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.34.0/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.35.0/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.36.0/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.36.3/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.36.4/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.36.5/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.36.6/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.36.7/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.36.8/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.36.9/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.36.10/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.36.11/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.37.0/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.37.1/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.37.2/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.37.3/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.37.4/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.37.5/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.37.6/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.37.7/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v0.37.8/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v1.0.0/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v1.0.1/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/v1.1.0/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
    - /docs/latest/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver/
source_url: 'https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/master/docs/tutorial/using-selenium-and-webdriver.md'
excerpt: "WebDriver is an open source tool for automated testing of web apps across many
browsers. It provides capabilities for navigating to web pages, user input,
JavaScript execution, and more. ChromeDriver is a standalone server which
implements WebDriver's wire protocol for Chromium. It is being developed by
members of the Chromium and WebDriver teams."
---

# Using Selenium and WebDriver

From [ChromeDriver - WebDriver for Chrome][chrome-driver]:

> WebDriver is an open source tool for automated testing of web apps across many
> browsers. It provides capabilities for navigating to web pages, user input,
> JavaScript execution, and more. ChromeDriver is a standalone server which
> implements WebDriver's wire protocol for Chromium. It is being developed by
> members of the Chromium and WebDriver teams.

In order to use `chromedriver` with Electron you have to tell it where to
find Electron and make it think Electron is the Chrome browser.

## Setting up with WebDriverJs

[WebDriverJs](https://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/WebDriverJs) provides
a Node package for testing with web driver, we will use it as an example.

### 1. Start ChromeDriver

First you need to download the `chromedriver` binary, and run it:

```bash
$ ./chromedriver
Starting ChromeDriver (v2.10.291558) on port 9515
Only local connections are allowed.
```

Remember the port number `9515`, which will be used later

### 2. Install WebDriverJS

```bash
$ npm install selenium-webdriver
```

### 3. Connect to ChromeDriver

The usage of `selenium-webdriver` with Electron is basically the same with
upstream, except that you have to manually specify how to connect chrome driver
and where to find Electron's binary:

```javascript
const webdriver = require('selenium-webdriver');

const driver = new webdriver.Builder()
  // The "9515" is the port opened by chrome driver.
  .usingServer('http://localhost:9515')
  .withCapabilities({
    chromeOptions: {
      // Here is the path to your Electron binary.
      binary: '/Path-to-Your-App.app/Contents/MacOS/Electron',
    }
  })
  .forBrowser('electron')
  .build();

driver.get('http://www.google.com');
driver.findElement(webdriver.By.name('q')).sendKeys('webdriver');
driver.findElement(webdriver.By.name('btnG')).click();
driver.wait(() => {
 return driver.getTitle().then((title) => {
   return title === 'webdriver - Google Search';
 });
}, 1000);

driver.quit();
```

## Setting up with WebdriverIO

[WebdriverIO](http://webdriver.io/) provides a Node package for testing with web
driver.

### 1. Start ChromeDriver

First you need to download the `chromedriver` binary, and run it:

```bash
$ chromedriver --url-base=wd/hub --port=9515
Starting ChromeDriver (v2.10.291558) on port 9515
Only local connections are allowed.
```

Remember the port number `9515`, which will be used later

### 2. Install WebdriverIO

```bash
$ npm install webdriverio
```

### 3. Connect to chrome driver

```javascript
const webdriverio = require('webdriverio');
const options = {
  host: 'localhost', // Use localhost as chrome driver server
  port: 9515,        // "9515" is the port opened by chrome driver.
  desiredCapabilities: {
    browserName: 'chrome',
    chromeOptions: {
      binary: '/Path-to-Your-App/electron', // Path to your Electron binary.
      args: [/* cli arguments */]           // Optional, perhaps 'app=' + /path/to/your/app/
    }
  }
};

let client = webdriverio.remote(options);

client
  .init()
  .url('http://google.com')
  .setValue('#q', 'webdriverio')
  .click('#btnG')
  .getTitle().then((title) => {
    console.log('Title was: ' + title);
  })
  .end();
```

## Workflow

To test your application without rebuilding Electron, simply
[place](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/master/docs/tutorial/application-distribution.md)
your app source into Electron's resource directory.

Alternatively, pass an argument to run with your electron binary that points to
your app's folder. This eliminates the need to copy-paste your app into
Electron's resource directory.

[chrome-driver]: https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/


The latest round of multilateral trade negotiations at the WTO, the Doha Round, is deadlocked, and it is unlikely that any further significant rule-making progress will be made there. The system's faltering has resulted in an unprecedented move towards preferential trade agreements between WTO Members as alternative negotiating platforms. The result is an ever-expanding divergence of the global trading system, which gives rise to added complexity and wider discrimination than would follow from alternatives - specifically the increased use of plurilateral agreements. Preferential agreements, particularly worryingly, may also have serious consequences for developing and least-developed countries in particular. This paper argues that, in light of the stalling of the Doha Round, greater effort should be made by WTO Members to pursue plurilateral agreements in specific policy areas and to move towards a system incorporating more 'variable geometry' which will result in progress in existing areas which have seen little movement since the Doha Round began. Given the recent proliferation of Preferential Trade Agreements and their potential negative effects on rule-making and the WTO, and on developing countries, it is vital that alternatives are explored in order to promote adaptability which would result in a more effective and relevant WTO.
Houston-McMillan, J. 2017. An argument for more plurilateral agreements and their value for developing countries: stemming the tide of preferential trade agreements, post-Doha. University of Cape Town.


text:
China and U.S. reach consensus on imports and exports of poultry
Elizabeth Geib2020-02-05T15:01:10-06:00October 1, 2019|
Region/Countries: Asia, China Industry: Agriculture / Timber, Food and Beverage, Multiple Sectors, Other Date: October 2019
Why this is important to Wisconsin businesses: China also made recent moves to better protect intellectual property.
In October 2019, a joint statement was released that a consensus has been reached involving key supervisory systems for U.S. imports of Chinese cooked poultry and catfish products and China's removal of the import ban on U.S. poultry products. Although trade frictions between the U.S. and China still exist, this important agreement is a positive sign.
With that being said, China's new Foreign Investment Law, consisting of six chapters and 42 articles, is set to take effect on Jan. 1, 2020. With this law coming into effect, the Law on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, the Law on Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprises and the Law on Chinese-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures will expire. Foreign companies established based on these three laws will have a five-year buffer period.
Two terms are the most important keywords in understanding this law: equality and legality. First of all, foreign investments will now be regulated the same way as domestic ones—that is, no longer subject to prior approval, as long as they do not appear on a clearly defined negative list. Currently, there are two negative lists that are applicable to different areas in the country—the Free Trade Zone negative list (full list in Chinese available here) and the national negative list (full list in Chinese available here). Other benefits of the new status include equal access to supports, equal voice in rule-making, equal bidding in procurement and equal opportunity of fund-raising.
The rule of law will also be standardized under the new changes. Intellectual property is one of the core issues in the U.S.-China trade disputes. The law has made it a legal duty of the Chinese government to protect not just foreign investors' intellectual property rights but also their confidential trade secrets. Article 22 stipulates that "the State shall protect the intellectual property rights of foreign investors and foreign-funded enterprises and protect the legitimate rights and interests of holders of intellectual property rights and relevant right holders; in case of any infringement of intellectual property right, legal liability shall be investigated strictly in accordance with the law. During the process of foreign investment, the state shall encourage technology cooperation on the basis of free will and business rules. Conditions for technology cooperation shall be determined by all investment parties upon negotiation under the principle of equity. No administrative department or its staff member shall force any transfer of technology by administrative means."
He Lifeng, head of the National Development and Reform Commission, said the passage of this law is evidence of continuous improvement in China's business environment. There is widespread optimism that this law will further boost the opening of the Chinese market.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Kharanaq & Chak Chak
Kharanaq is a village in a remote valley about 70 kilometers north from Yazd in Central Iran. Currently, it is approximately 4-thousand-year-old crumbling mud-brick village which could be called deserted as while walking through it you see from little to no activity of local people. The main towns attraction is dilapidated adobe buildings which dates back around 1,000 years. Karanaq means "place of birth of the sun". Old town is almost completely deserted and for photographers it is like a dream with a labyrinth of streets, tunnels, rooms, and passageways, as well as, more impressive buildings such as a tiny mosque, a shaking minaret, and an old caravanserai that welcomed pilgrims and merchants centuries ago.
The Old Town was constructed with mud bricks baked in sun, forming one of the largest collections of adobe buildings in Iran. It was once a prosperous farming village, but when water supplies dried up the inhabitants left, leaving the town to turn to ruins.
Chak Chak is a village in Rabatat Rural District between Ardakan and Kharanaq villages. It is situated beneath a towering cliff face in the desert of central Iran. On which the main attraction of the village stands – Zoroastrianism mountain shrine.
Zoroastrianism is a religion that was born in ancient Persia and was the state religion for Persian Empires from 600 BC to 650 CE.
Markets. You will only find markets in new town of Kharanaq as the old town is almost completely deserted. However, prices in grocery shops are similar as in all country.
Transportation. To get to Kharanaq & Chak Chak you can use car, bus or taxi which ever you think is more convenient for you. We hitchhiked and it was relatively easy as it has a lot of trucks going through the road.
To get around the city is best on foot or with a car. However, most likely you will come here for a short visit and in the ruins and shrine you can only explore on foot.


Custom round stamp. Different colours.
Perfect for logos and curved text. The laser engraved rubber makes this stamp strong and durable for years of use. Makes approximately 5,000 impressions before re-inking is needed.


When I was a kid, one of my favorite TV shows was "The Flying Nun." It starred Sally Field as Sister Bertrielle, a nun who possessed the God-given ability to fly.
But while Sally Field (a/k/a "Gidget") quit the flying habit (again, pun intended) years ago, there is now a flying pastor, Reverend Bartholomew Orr of the Brown Missionary Church in Southaven, Mississippi.
According to a recent article in the Commercial Appeal, Rev. Orr decided that the Lord was calling him to fly while attending rehearsal for the church's Singing Christmas Tree production.
He then took a test flight during the Singing Christmas Tree production rehearsal. The flight was captured by one of the members of the choir in a short video which was posted in the church's Instagram. It was, as they say, a viral sensation, and members of the Brown Missionary Church then urged their pastor to take flight during the next Sunday service.
On the following Sunday morning, Rev. Orr stood up from the balcony of the church, and then proceeded to jump from the balcony and fly to his pulpit while delivering a message about the eventual return of Jesus Christ to the earth, which supposedly will not be done with the use of suspension wires.
But the overwhelming response was rejoiceful.
At this point, Rev. Orr has not made a second flight, and it is not clear whether he intends to do so on Christmas Eve or at any other future Sunday service.
I think he should. In fact, I think he should start his own TV show, "The Flying Pastor" with a cameo appearance by Gidget-Sister Bertrielle-Norma Rae-Carrie. Together they can explore the heavens.


Jason Rainey is an engaged advocate, community organizer and executive director who for 20 years has contributed significantly to the economic justice and ecological restoration movements.
Jason served as Executive Director for the South Yuba River Citizens League (SYRCL) from 2005-2011, where he built a grassroots movement to restore a healthy Yuba River, championed the decommissioning of two federal dams, protected wild salmon runs, improved water quality and habitats, and fought new dams. Under his leadership, SYRCL expanded its award-winning River Monitoring Program, involving hundreds of volunteer "citizen scientists" in community-based watershed assessment, planning and restoration projects. Jason developed SYRCL's Wild & Scenic Film Festival into one of the largest and most successful environmental film events in North America, building a network of over 100 affiliated organizations throughout the country through the Wild & Scenic On Tour program.
As a Program Director of the Marin Conservation Corps (Conservation Corps North Bay) from 1999-2005, Jason initiated and led a range of innovate collaborative projects focusing on creek rehabilitation, solid-waste recycling, school gardening, and wildlife monitoring through a youth and young adult life skills and job-training program. He has also worked as an educator, researcher and organizer for human rights and environmental initiatives throughout the world, in places as diverse as Russia, Zimbabwe, Nicaragua, and Thailand.
Linking indigenous rights and environmental protection, Jason worked with the Tsi-Akim Maidu Tribe to establish the Calling Back the Salmon Committee, a diverse group of community members that reinitiated the Maidu salmon ceremony for the first time in 150 years, culminating in a "spirit run" of salmon around a dam to symbolize the healing necessary to return salmon to the upper watershed. He has also served as a steering committee member of the California Hydropower Reform Coalition and a board member for SalmonAid.
California has a long history of dam-building, as well as being a leader in protecting Wild and Scenic Rivers, restoring rivers after the environmental devastation of dams, and finding sustainable water and energy solutions. As the Executive Director of International Rivers, Jason will work to share these lessons learned with the global movement to protect rivers and the rights of communities that depend on them. As International Rivers moves into its next 25 years, Jason brings the right mix of community organizing, strategic vision, creativity, and hard-nosed advocacy to forge a healthy future for the organization.
Jason earned an M.A. from New College of California's program in Culture, Ecology and Sustainable Communities; studied at the School for Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University, Bloomington; and earned his B.A. in History & Government with an emphasis on international economic development from Claremont McKenna College in California.


This image uploaded by lurkingfish.com. Source : ae01.alicdn.com.
Piece Modern Wall Art Girl With Flowers Unframed Canvas Painting For Home Bedroom Decoration Pictures Lz In Calligraphy From Image is part of Best Diy Wall Art Ideas Designs And Decorations For's Gallery.


text:
/*
 *  (c) 2012 University of Bolton
 *
 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package uk.ac.bolton.spaws;

import java.util.List;

import uk.ac.bolton.spaws.model.INode;
import uk.ac.bolton.spaws.model.ISubmission;

import com.navnorth.learningregistry.LRActivity;
import com.navnorth.learningregistry.LREnvelope;
import com.navnorth.learningregistry.LRException;
import com.navnorth.learningregistry.LRExporter;
import com.navnorth.learningregistry.LRResponse;
import com.navnorth.learningregistry.LRSigner;

public class ParadataPublisher {

	/**
	 * If true we'll output some debug code
	 */
	private boolean debug = true;

	/**
	 * The LR Node we publish to
	 */
    private INode node;

    /**
     * The LR Signer that signs the envelope
     */
    private LRSigner signer;

	public ParadataPublisher(){
	}

	public ParadataPublisher(INode node){
		this.node = node;
	}

	/**
	 * Publish a paradata submission, consisting of an author, action and object
	 *
	 * @param submission
	 * @throws LRException
	 */
	public void publish(ISubmission submission) throws LRException{
		publish(submission.getActivity());
	}

	public void publish(LRActivity activity) throws LRException{

		// Setup exporter
		int batchSize = 1;
		LRExporter exporterLR = new LRExporter(batchSize, this.node.getHost());
		if (this.node.getUsername() != null) exporterLR.setPublishAuthUser(this.node.getUsername());
		if (this.node.getPassword() != null) exporterLR.setPublishAuthPassword(this.node.getPassword());

		// Configure exporter
		try {
			exporterLR.configure();
		}
		catch (LRException e) {
			return;
		}

		LREnvelope doc = activity;

		if (this.signer != null){
			doc = this.signer.sign(doc);
		}

		// Add envelope to exporter
		exporterLR.addDocument(doc);

		// Send data and get responses
		@SuppressWarnings("unused")
		List<LRResponse> responses;
		try {
			responses = exporterLR.sendData();
		}
		catch(LRException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			throw e;
		}

	}

	/**
	 * @return the signerLR
	 */
	public LRSigner getSigner() {
		return signer;
	}

	/**
	 * @param signerLR the signerLR to set
	 */
	public void setSigner(LRSigner signer) {
		this.signer = signer;
	}

	/**
	 * @return the debug
	 */
	public boolean isDebug() {
		return debug;
	}

	/**
	 * @param debug the debug to set
	 */
	public void setDebug(boolean debug) {
		this.debug = debug;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Move the menu to the right of the page This code is in the default setting, the list opens to the right, but I want to open this list to the left and move the menu to the right of the page.
When you click on the word file, the menu list gets collated and when you click on the new word, a new list opens. I want to open this new list to the left.
what's the solution?
The Code:

var MainMenu = function () {

    var activated = false;

    var settings = {
        disabledClass: 'disabled',
        submenuClass: 'submenu'
    }

    var mask = '
';
    var timeOut;
    this.init = function (p) {

        $.extend(settings, p);

        $mask = $('#menu-top-mask');

        $('ul.main-menu > li').click(function (event) {
            var target = $(event.target);
            if (target.hasClass(settings.disabledClass) || target.parents().hasClass(settings.disabledClass) || target.hasClass(settings.submenuClass)) {
                return;
            }

            toggleMenuItem($(this));
        });

        $('ul.main-menu > li > ul li').click(function (event) {

   // Prevent click event to propagate to parent elements
   event.stopPropagation();

   // Prevent any operations if item is disabled
   if ($(this).hasClass(settings.disabledClass)) {
                return;
            }

            // If item is active, check if there are submenus (ul elements inside current li)
            if ($(this).has( "ul" ).length > 0) {
             // Automatically toggle submenu, if any
                toggleSubMenu($(this));
            }
            else{
             // If there are no submenus, close main menu.
             closeMainMenu();
            }
        });

        $('ul.main-menu > li').mouseenter(function () {
            if (activated && $(this).hasClass('active-menu') == false) {
                toggleMenuItem($(this));
            }
        });

        $('ul.main-menu > li > ul li').mouseenter(function (e) {
            // Hide all other opened submenus in same level of this item
            $el = $(e.target);
            if ($el.hasClass('separator')) return;
            clearTimeout(timeOut);
            var parent = $el.closest('ul');
            parent.find('ul.active-sub-menu').each(function () {
                if ($(this) != $el)
                    $(this).removeClass('active-sub-menu').hide();
            });

            // Show submenu of selected item
            if ($el.children().size() > 0) {
                timeOut = setTimeout(function () { toggleSubMenu($el) }, 500);
            }
        });

        $('ul.main-menu > li > ul li').each(function () {
            if ($(this).children('ul').size() > 0) {
                $(this).addClass(settings.submenuClass);
            }
        });

        $('ul.main-menu li.' + settings.disabledClass).bind('click', function (e) {
            e.preventDefault();
        });

        //#region - Toggle Main Menu Item -

        toggleMenuItem = function (el) {

            // Hide all open submenus
            $('.active-sub-menu').removeClass('active-sub-menu').hide();

            $('#menu-top-mask').remove();

            var submenu = el.find("ul:first");
            var top = parseInt(el.css('padding-bottom').replace("px", ""), 10) + parseInt(el.css('padding-top').replace("px", ""), 10) +
                        el.position().top +
                        el.height();

            submenu.prepend($(mask));
            var $mask = $('#menu-top-mask');
            var maskWidth = el.width() +
                            parseInt(el.css('padding-left').replace("px", ""), 10) +
                            parseInt(el.css('padding-right').replace("px", ""), 10);

            $mask.css({ position: 'absolute',
                top: '-1px',
                width: (maskWidth) + 'px'
            });

            submenu.css({
                position: 'absolute',
                top: top + 'px',
                left: el.offset().left + 'px',
                zIndex: 100
            });

            submenu.stop().toggle();
            activated = submenu.is(":hidden") == false;

            !activated ? el.removeClass('active-menu') : el.addClass('active-menu');

            if (activated) {
                $('.active-menu').each(function () {
                    if ($(this).offset().left != el.offset().left) {
                        $(this).removeClass('active-menu');
                        $(this).find("ul:first").hide();
                    }
                });
            }
        }

        //#endregion

        //#region - Toggle Sub Menu Item -

        toggleSubMenu = function (el) {

            if (el.hasClass(settings.disabledClass)) {
                return;
            }

            var submenu = el.find("ul:first");
            var paddingLeft = parseInt(el.css('padding-right').replace('px', ''), 10);
            var borderTop = parseInt(el.css('border-top-width').replace("px", ""), 10);
            borderTop = !isNaN(borderTop) ? borderTop : 1;
            var top = el.position().top - borderTop;

            submenu.css({
                position: 'absolute',
                top: top + 'px',
                left: el.width() + paddingLeft + 'px',
                zIndex: 1000
            });

            submenu.addClass('active-sub-menu');

            submenu.show();

            //el.mouseleave(function () {
            // submenu.hide();
            //});
        }

        //#endregion

        closeMainMenu = function () {
            activated = false;
            $('.active-menu').find("ul:first").hide();
            $('.active-menu').removeClass('active-menu');
            $('.active-sub-menu').hide();
        };

        $(document).keyup(function (e) {
            if (e.keyCode == 27) {
                closeMainMenu();
            }
        });

        $(document).bind('click', function (event) {
            var target = $(event.target);
            if (!target.hasClass('active-menu') && !target.parents().hasClass('active-menu')) {
                closeMainMenu();
            }
        });
    }
}

$(document).ready(function () {
    new MainMenu().init();
});
#menu-bar
{
}
ul.main-menu
{
    list-style-type: none;
    margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;
    padding: 0px;
}
ul.main-menu > li
{
    margin: 0;
    display: inline;
    list-style-type: none;
    padding: 6px 4px 6px 6px;
    line-height: 28px;
    vertical-align: middle;
    cursor: default;
    outline: none;
    border-style: solid;
    border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px;
    border-color: transparent;
}

ul.main-menu > li.active-menu
{
    background-color: #fff;
    border-color: #ccc;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    -moz-box-shadow: 0px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    box-shadow: 0px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

ul.main-menu ul li a
{
    color: #000;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: block;
    white-space: nowrap;
}
ul.main-menu li ul li a span
{
    font-size: 11px;
    color: #999;
    float:right;
    right: 10px;
    left: auto;
    position: absolute;
}

/* SUBMENU */
ul.main-menu > li  ul
{
    list-style-type: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    display: none;
    border-width:1px;
    border-style: solid;
    border-color: #ccc;
    background-color: #fff;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    -moz-box-shadow: 0px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    box-shadow: 0px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}
ul.main-menu li ul li
{
    display:list-item;
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ul.main-menu a:hover{
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ul.main-menu li:hover
{
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ul.main-menu li ul li.disabled, ul.main-menu li ul li.disabled:hover, ul.main-menu li ul li.disabled:hover a
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A: ul {
position: fixed; right: 0; top:0;
}

A: If you update this css:
#menu-bar {
    justify-content: flex-end;
    display: flex;
}

and update this JS:
submenu.css({
    position: 'absolute',
    top: top + 'px',
    left: 'auto',
    right: '0'
    zIndex: 100
});

I believe it should do the trick.
Edit: I added right: '0'.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


SkinMedica TNS Recovery Complex is an innovative, patented treatment gel that helps bring the radiant, youthful look back to the skin cells for a brighter, more even skin complexion. Over time, the skin cells begin to lose their natural ability to regenerate and renew after being damaged, resulting in a dullness of the complexion and visible signs of premature aging. SkinMedica TNS Recovery Complex helps to stop that and actually assist in renewing the skin cells for a younger, smoother skin tone.
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Does not break me out. I can see a glow on my skin after continued use. Will repurchase.
this product was recommended by my dermatologist. I have used it for two years and notice it has definitely reduced my lines and made my facial texture much better.


text:
MORSE, SUSAN
Susan Morse, ACE
Susan Morse, ACE was Woody Allen's primary editor from 1977-1998, during which time she edited twenty-two of his films, from Manhattan to Celebrity. She got an Oscar nomination for Hannah and Her Sisters, and five BAFTA nominations for various films by Allen. Morse has forty-one credits, and in the 2010s, she edited the third season of Louie and three episodes of Billions.
"The director," Morse says, "has got built in how he wrote it, how it was conceived, the nuances of the performances he heard in his head, the problems he had in camera placement… It can distract him from really looking at it."
—"On the Cutting Edge" by Desson Howe. The full interview can be found in the Appendix.


text:
- miniszterelnok.hu - https://miniszterelnok.hu/government-and-scout-association-share-the-same-values/ -
Government and Scout Association share the same values
The tradition, the world view and way of thinking which the Hungarian Scout Association and the Hungarian government profess stem from the same roots, the Prime Minister said in the hope that in the future they may be allies in furthering good causes.
A joint goal of the government and the association is to raise young people who believe in the values that have helped the Hungarian people to survive for a thousand years, "even against the odds".
"For us it is natural to think in terms of country, family and a comradely alliance in which each stands up for the other. We believe in the unity of the Hungarian people across borders", he highlighted, adding that "We hold that the nation is not some contrivance, but a living community".
Photo: Károly Árvai
The Prime Minister stressed at the same time that "unless we take action, modern times and new trends may continually undermine the cultural foundations which make the Scouts the Scouts, and Hungary a Hungarian country". "Therefore today we need soundly erected tents which are capable of withstanding the most powerful storms", he said.
This scout centre is "not only a storm-proof tent", but could even become one of the power centres of 21st century Christian democracy which guarantees man's dignity, freedom and security, protects the equality of men and women and the traditional family model, defends our Christian culture, and gives "our nation a chance also in the 21st century to survive and to thrive", he said in the park of the Teleki-Tisza Castle which, together with the building, was given to the Hungarian Scout Association in 2013. The Prime Minister referred to the Hungarian Scout Association as Hungary's most significant youth organisation, and added that the building is not a gift, but an opportunity for the Hungarian Scout Association to reach its full potential, to build communities, and for Hungarian scouting to reach the same high level that once characterised it between the two World Wars.
While communist dictatorship forced scouts into emigration, prison, exclusion and dispersion, after the fall of communism "the many small streams merged into a single abundant river", said Mr Orbán who addressed the attending scouts at the end of his speech. He said there is a good chance that this building will be not only the property, but also the home of the Hungarian Scout Association. Therefore he invited scouts to "grasp by the tail the opportunity which an exceptional moment of grace in the history of Hungary has given you".
József Pótor, Nationwide Managing President of the Hungarian Scout Association said we need young people today in the ranks of scouts who are able to cooperate, who identify problems and are able to solve them swiftly, and who do not work for themselves, but for others.
This is the modern youth movement which the country needs, he said about the scout movement.
After the speeches church dignitaries blessed the refurbished building.
The castle was built around 1840 in the classicist style. It was first the property of the Wattay Family, while ownership of the castle later passed to the Teleki Family and then to the Tisza Family. Former transport minister Lajos Tisza – royal commissioner of the reconstruction of the City of Szeged after the 1879 flood – had the castle rebuilt in the 1880s on the basis of the plans of József Benedicty. This was when the Tisza Family's coat of arms was placed on the façade of the building. After World War II the castle was nationalised, and from 1958 it functioned as a forest children's home.
In 2013 the castle and its park were donated to the Hungarian Scout Association, and the government provided a grant of HUF 2.5 billion for refurbishment purposes. The scout association created an event centre on the property where they will hold training programmes, international conferences and scout meetings. With the refurbishment project they wanted the building to regain its old "historical splendour", the information material sent by organisers to the Hungarian news agency MTI reads.
Forrás hivatkozása:: https://miniszterelnok.hu/government-and-scout-association-share-the-same-values/


Elegua is the orisha who opens and closes all paths to mankind. He is the divider of heaven and earth. He travels between heaven and earth letting Olofi and Olodumare know what goes on in this realm. Elegua is a child orisha in some aspects that loves to play tricks and tests the faith of man. He walks between night and day searching for mankind to test their faith for the great Olofi and the orishas. There is said to be 121 paths of Elegua. He ranges from a young child to an old man with lots of knowledge. There is also a path of Elegua where the essence is of a woman. In more than half of Elegua's paths, he is a young child that sits on corners, mountain tops, seashores, hospital entrances, cemetery gates and so on. He has many names as he has been called Elegba, Elegbara, Legba, Eshu or Exu. Elegua is seen all around the world. From continent to continent Elegua's presence is felt, praised and heard. Inseparable friend of Ogun and Ochosi who the trio makes up the "The Warriors" first set of orishas to receive in Santeria. Elegua is any and everywhere.
Elegua is the guardian of the dead also as through him he unlocks the door for the deceased to walk through to reach Olofi where they will rest. In this path he is called Eshu Alagwana. In other religions or beliefs you can associate him with the Egyptian god of the dead Osiris, who leads the dead through the underworld.
Elegua is the one that makes you play at your own risk. In that I mean, he is the one that if your stuck at a crossroad and you don't know which way to go, its him that testes you and watches you make your decision. If you make the wrong decision, Elegua will open the door with his garavato (hook stick made from the guava tree) to make you pay your consequence. While you are paying for your mistakes, he testes you again to see if you will continue to do wrong or take the right path. If you succeed and take the right path he will unlock the door to happiness and fortune. If you've heard of a maze then you can associate it with Elegua. Our lives are shaped into mazes to see which path we go. Elegua is the guardian that sits at every corner and turn of the maze. If you make the wrong move, he will open the path to the wrong outcome. If you take the correct path, he will open the path that you are seeking.
Elegua knows and sees all. There is nothing that Elegua doesn't know. He is the messenger of Olodumare and Olofi, alongside with the orishas. Which means, he is the one that takes the messages from humankind to the orishas and the messages from the orishas to Olofi. This is why he is the first and last orisha to be praised to in every ceremony done in Santeria.
Papa Legba is the famous, and infamous, spirit of the crossroads, often appearing as an old black man. He's a spirit from the West African Voodoo tradtion, and you will find him under the guise of many other names, including: Elegba, Exu, and Papa La Bas– his New Orleans incarnation.
Papa Legba is a trickster who delights in practical jokes and word games, but he is also a spirit of amazing generosity and protective care. He protects infertile women, removing obstacles to motherhood; and he assists the poor, often opening up paths and removing obstacles that hinder their growth towards prosperity. It is said that Papa Legba stands at the crossroads with his shepherd's crook, where he opens and closes access to life's path.
Papa Legba's days are Monday & every third day of the month, his colors are red, black and white, his numbers 3 and 23.
In Christianity, one would pray to St Peter, as the gatekeeper and holder of the keys to the kingdom of heaven.


text:
The best of the Tuscany cultural heritage in one single tour!
Places as unique and diverse as the historical centre of Florence, the Piazza dei Miracoli of Pisa, San Gimignano and its towers, medieval Siena and elegant Pienza make up our world's heritage, both cultural and natural, irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration.
• 6 nights in selected 4 star-hotels with full breakfast (3 nights in Florence, 3 nights in Siena)
• Private guided visits with English speaking guides in Florence (the Cathedral, Santa Croce Church, Uffizi Gallery), Pisa, Lucca, San Gimignano, Siena (the Cathedral), Pienza, ; including all the entrance fees
• Welcome dinner in Florence
• Lunch in Florence, Lucca, San Gimignano and Pienza
• Winery visit and tasting at Brolio Castle
• Visit to a ceramic laboratory and shop in Pienza
Day 1 / Welcome to Florence
Arrival transfer to the hotel. Time at leisure or visit (on request) of the Accademia Gallery, with its famous sculptures by the great Renaissance artist, Michelangelo. His Prisoners (or Slaves), his St. Matthew and, above all, the magnificent statue of David within the Tribune are what draws most of the hundreds of thousands of visitors the museum welcomes every year. The main halls at the Accademia also offers visitors works by great Italian artists such as Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Pontormo, Andrea del Sarto, Allessando Allori and Orcagna, to name just a few of the painters. Welcome dinner and overnight.
Day 2 / Florence, cradle of the Renaissance & the Uffizi Gallery
Breakfast. Meet your local guide for a morning tour of Florence, the birthplace of the Renaissance, with its famous highlights… Michelangelo's David, the Baptistery, Giotto's bell tower and the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore (the Duomo). Proceed on to the picturesque Signoria Square, where you may take the opportunity to admire statues by Cellini, Giambologna and Ammannati before viewing the Ponte Vecchio and the Santa Croce Church, containing the tombs of illustrious Florentine citizens such as Michelangelo, Galileo and Machiavelli, as well as fascinating works by Giotto and Donatello. Enjoy a genuine Tuscan lunch. The afternoon will be dedicated to a guided tour of Florence's inspiring Uffizi Gallery, originally a suite of offices, which was first used to display the Medici family's private art treasures in 1581 – thereby making it the oldest art gallery in the world. Its vast collection includes some of the most revered works of the Italian Renaissance, such as Botticelli's The Birth of Venus, Michelangelo's The Holy Family, da Vinci's unfinished Adoration of the Magi, Bellini's Allegory and Raphael's Madonna of the Goldfinch.
Day 3 / Medieval architecture in Pisa and imposing Renaissance walls in Lucca
Breakfast. Today is to explore the architectural masterpieces of Pisa and Lucca. Enjoy a guided walking tour of Pisa that leads you through Piazza dei Miracoli, the Cathedral with its Romanesque art constructed between the 11th and 12th centuries, the famous Leaning Tower and the Baptistery. Then on to lovely Lucca for lunch. Hidden behind imposing Renaissance walls, its cobbled streets, handsome piazzas and shady promenades make it a perfect destination to explore by foot. Return to Florence. Overnight.
Day 4 / Fascinating San Gimignano en route to Siena
Breakfast. Today the tour will take you to San Gimignano and Siena. San Gimignano, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990, offers you the chance to step back in time. Discover this small walled village on a private guided tour, famous for its fascinating medieval architecture and towers. At the height of its glory, San Gimignano's patrician families had built around 72 tower-houses as symbols of their wealth and power. Although only 14 have survived, San Gimignano still retains its feudal atmosphere and appearance. Lunch in a local restaurant. Time at leisure to take in the medieval atmosphere before departing to Siena. Rich in history, art and popular traditions, Siena, possibly the best preserved medieval city in Italy, is built on three hills and full of winding alleyways, enclosed within the circle of its massive walls. Overnight.
Day 5 / Outstanding medieval Siena and Chianti wines at the Brolio Castle
Breakfast. Morning private guided walking tour of Siena. Your guide will take you through narrow cobbled streets to the Piazza del Campo, where the bi-annual Palio horse race takes place. See the superb 14th century Town Hall with its slim Mangia Tower, then climb up to the hilltop cathedral. This building is a veritable treasury of the Renaissance, representing the work of over 40 artists - its walls decorated with stripes of black and white marble. In the afternoon we will tour the Chianti area with a stop at the Brolio Castle for a guided tour that takes you through the history by visiting the 12th century castle including the gardens, the Ricasoli family's private chapel and unique museum. After this visit to the past, you will visit the ultramodern wine-making facilities and finish the tour with a special wine tasting. Barone Ricasoli is the fourth oldest family in the world, in possession of the same company for 32 generations, and the oldest winery in Italy. Return to Siena and overnight.
Day 6 / Renaissance urban planning in Pienza and visit to a ceramic laboratory
Breakfast. Morning departure to Pienza. Meet your local guide in Pienza for a guided walking tour of this elegant Renaissance town, built on a hill that dominates the Val d'Orcia. It was proclaimed a UNESCO World Heritage of Humanity site (1196) for its important example of Renaissance urban planning, architecture and monuments. The pedestrian town of Pienza was designed by one of the most famous Florentine architects of this time, Bernardo Gambarelli known as the Rossellino, and built between 1459 and 1462, commissioned by Pope Pius II (Enea Silvio Piccolomini) transforming his native village of Corsignano from a medieval town into a splendid Renaissance city. The itinerary includes the exceptional Cathedral, Palazzo Piccolomini and Palazzo Borgia's courtyards, the Renaissance buildings, the medieval districts, the panoramic streets from where the splendid landscape of the Val d'Orcia can be admired. At the end of the walking tour of Pienza you will enjoy a visit to a ceramic laboratory and shop. Typical genuine lunch at a local restaurant. Return to Siena and overnight.


text:
Travel with Purpose
Brand Milestones
All Suites' Journey to 1000
The Power of Space
Hotel Photography
Brand Photography
Clean the World
Hilton Worldwide Expands its Texas Presence with Opening of Embassy Suites by Hilton El Paso
Contemporary Full-Service Hotel Features Flexible Event Spaces with Sweeping Views and Fresh, Modern Décor
The hotel also features flexible dining options that include Gateway Bar & Grill, which serves creative twists on comfort food with a hint of Southwest Texas flair, including specialty dishes such as El Paso Combo Plate, Baja Fish Tacos and Fajitas. Credit: Embassy Suites by Hilton.
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Property SpotlightEmbassy Suites by Hilton El Paso, TX
EL PASO, Texas and McLEAN, Va. - Embassy Suites by Hilton, Hilton Worldwide's (NYSE: HLT) global brand of upscale, all-suite hotels, announced today its newest property, Embassy Suites by Hilton El Paso. The hotel, formerly the El Paso Suites, debuts following a multimillion dollar renovation, complete with 187 guest suites. Embassy Suites by Hilton El Paso is owned by TRS El Paso Property, LLC and managed by Spire Hospitality.
"With its convenient location near several key businesses and entertainment venues, this newly renovated property is the perfect fit for business and leisure travelers alike," said Bill Duncan, global head, Embassy Suites by Hilton. "We are proud to welcome Embassy Suites by Hilton El Paso into our award-winning brand that offers guests an upscale all-suites option when traveling to El Paso."
Embassy Suites by Hilton El Paso guests will enjoy a wide range of signature brand amenities including free made-to-order breakfast, a two-hour complimentary Evening Reception* and two-room suites with a separate living area, private bedroom, two flat-screen high-definition televisions and wet bar fitted with a microwave, mini-fridge and a selection of gourmet coffee and teas from The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf®. Guests can also enjoy the hotel's heated indoor pool, 24-hour fitness center featuring state-of-the-art equipment from Precor and 24-hour business center. Additionally, the hotel offers complimentary Wi-Fi throughout all guest rooms and public areas.
The hotel also features flexible dining options that include Gateway Bar & Grill, which serves creative twists on comfort food with a hint of Southwest Texas flair, including specialty dishes such as El Paso Combo Plate, Baja Fish Tacos and Fajitas. Additionally, the hotel's Pavilion Pantry Market is open 24-hours to satisfy late-night cravings and a variety of snacks and light meals for travelers' convenience. For those guests who prefer to dine in their room - rather it be for a romantic dinner for two or a late evening snack - daily room service is available for dinner from 5 to 10 p.m.
"We're thrilled to welcome our guests to our beautifully renovated hotel featuring a fresh contemporary and modern design," said Larry Condra, general manager, Embassy Suites by Hilton El Paso. "From a sun patio just off of our pool area to daily room service and state-of-the-art equipment in our 24-hour fitness center, we are proud to introduce this new hotel to El Paso."
Featuring more than 5,400 square feet of flexible meeting space, Embassy Suites by Hilton El Paso can accommodate events of up to 200 guests. This includes a private boardroom and five flexible meeting and event spaces, some of which include sweeping views of El Paso and neighboring Mexico. The hotel also offers onsite catering and state-of-the-art audio visual services to help ensure any event - including weddings - is successful. Additionally, Embassy Suites by Hilton El Paso offers Meetings SimplifiedTM, meeting packages with one simple contract that bundles basic meeting amenities together with a simple, inclusive price from $55 a person.
Located less than three miles from El Paso International Airport, the hotel also provides a complimentary shuttle for arriving and departing guests. Additionally, the hotel provides shuttle service to any destination within three miles, including the popular Cielo Vista Mall. Other nearby areas of interest include Sunland Park Racetrack & Casino, Speaking Rock Entertainment Center, El Paso Zoo and recreational activities such as hiking, horseback riding and golfing.
Embassy Suites by Hilton El Paso participates in the Hilton HHonors® loyalty program, which is open to all guests and free to join - visit here for enrollment information. HHonors members always get our lowest price with our Best Price Guarantee, along with HHonors Points, free standard Wi-Fi, access to digital check-in and Digital Key, and no hidden fees, only when they book directly through Hilton. To celebrate the opening of the hotel, new and existing Hilton HHonors members can earn 5,000 Hilton HHonors Bonus Points for every stay of at least three nights now through May 31, 2016.
Embassy Suites by Hilton El Paso is located at 6100 Gateway East, El Paso, Texas, 79905. For more information, or to make a reservation, travelers may visit embassysuites.com or call +1-915-779-6222
Media can access additional information, including downloadable images, on Embassy Suites by Hilton hotels at news.embassysuites.com. For development queries, please visit hiltonworldwide.com/development.
*Service of alcohol subject to state and local laws. Must be of legal drinking age.
About Embassy Suites by Hilton
Embassy Suites by Hilton, one of Hilton's 17 market-leading brands, is dedicated to delivering what matters most to travelers. The full-service, upscale brand offers two-room suites, free made-to-order breakfast and a nightly two-hour reception with complimentary drinks and snacks. Both leisure and business travelers looking for a relaxed, yet sophisticated experience will feel right at home with brand-standard amenities like inviting atriums and complimentary 24-hour business and fitness centers. Embassy Suites by Hilton has 252 hotels with 45 in the pipeline. Hilton Honors members who book directly through preferred Hilton channels have access to instant benefits, including a flexible payment slider that allows members to choose nearly any combination of Points and money to book a stay, an exclusive member discount that can't be found anywhere else, free standard WiFi, and digital amenities like digital check-in with room selection and Digital Key (select locations), available exclusively through the industry-leading Hilton Honors mobile app. For more information, visit www.embassysuites.com or newsroom.hilton.com/embassysuites, and connect with Embassy Suites by Hilton on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
Hilton (NYSE: HLT) is a leading global hospitality company with a portfolio of 17 world-class brands comprising more than 5,700 properties with more than 923,000 rooms, in 113 countries and territories. Dedicated to fulfilling its mission to be the world's most hospitable company, Hilton earned a spot on the 2018 world's best workplaces list, and has welcomed more than 3 billion guests in its 100-year history. Through the award-winning guest loyalty program Hilton Honors, more than 89 million members who book directly with Hilton can earn Points for hotel stays and experiences money can't buy, plus enjoy instant benefits, including digital check-in with room selection, Digital Key, and Connected Room. Visit newsroom.hilton.com for more information, and connect with Hilton on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, and YouTube.
Aaron Kokoruz
For Embassy Suites by Hilton +1 214 529 2521
Maggie Giddens
Hilton Worldwide +1 703 883 5346
Media Affiliation
Online (news website or blog)
These photographs are protected by copyright laws and are only to be used with authorization from Hilton, which may be revoked by Hilton at any time, in Hilton's sole discretion. Changing of the material through photo compositing to through other electronic means is strictly prohibited. These photos are to be used associated with editorial material about Hilton, Hilton's world-class brands, or specific Hilton properties. Each photo may be used after downloading from this site for these purposes unless and until Hilton revokes your permission to use such photos, which Hilton may do at any time, for any or no reason. Usage of the photos for other means requires prior written approval. For use in media publications, please use "© 2019 Hilton". The usage is free of charge if not noted otherwise. By downloading this photo, you agree to these terms.
I agree to abide by the terms and conditions set forth by Hilton.
All Suites Brand Communications Team


This project involved the development and implementation of risk-based trainings for current and future commercial users of an emerging technology, small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS). The educational efforts filled the void between the recent (2016) release of permanent flight regulations by the FAA and the pent up demand for critical information. The proposed project covered platforms and sensor systems, agricultural uses, data processing, risk & liability, and flight regulations. The target audience was producers and agriculture information providers from the 13 states in the Southern Region and beyond. To accomplish this objective we offered five workshops in collaboration with existing regional conferences. The trainings included a flight demonstration and a workflow demonstration since most initial users are uneasy about the technology. Based on evaluations, participants achieved an improved understanding of flight regulations, types of platforms & sensors, data processing, potential agricultural uses, and liability issues related to sUAS. Participants also left with an awareness of how to fly and manage the workflow process from data acquisition to processing. Participants felt better prepared to make informed decisions to match the best sUAS with their needs. We exceeded that goal (250) by informing over 350 participants through our in-person and on-line efforts. Based on evaluations, attendees reported that they anticipate saving nearly $21,000/yr as a result of participating in the workshops.


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Patients in Germany get more drugs per person than any other country. The availability of drugs marketed by online pharmacies is distinctly a contributing aspect to prescription therapy abuse epidemic. Generally the remedies you searched for can more than one listing. Different listings, which are compiled by generic name indicate a drug is existing in more than one dose or in varied forms, such as injection. For example Temovate cream is a topical corticosteroid. This medicament reduce redness associated with various skin diseases. Truly, the catalog is quite big. A lot of soundness care providers consider about buying Levitra online. This article tell more about the evaluation of erectile dysfunction and buy levitra online. Other question we have to is generic levitra online. Nowadays more than quoter of men aged over 50 reported some degree of erectile dysfunctions. Erectile disfunction can exert the quality of living. Along with their utility effects, most drugs, notwithstanding, can cause aftereffects although generally not everyone experiences them. Do not give Cialis or any preparation to anyone under 18 years old without medicinal advice.


text:
Санджак-бей, Санджак-бек () — правитель санджака, военно-административной единицы в Османской империи. Санджак соответствует округу, а правитель санджака одновременно являлся начальником его вооруженных сил.

Слово «санджак» буквально означало «знамя». Этим словом определялось воинское формирование, которое выставлял данный санджак. Соответственно правитель санджака считался и командиром этого военного отряда.

Санджак-бей обладал теми же правами, что и бейлер-бей, но был подчинён бейлер-бею. Его права распространялись только в пределах своего округа.
В обязанности санджак-бея также входили погоня за бандитами, преследование еретиков, обеспечение оружия и продовольствия для армии и флота.

Примечания

Воинские звания Османской империи

Турецкие титулы

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


American Skin Association Announces New Member Of The Board J. Michael Pearson And New Education Council Member Ryan Weldon Of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc.
New York, NY – Howard P. Milstein, Chairman of American Skin Association (ASA), announced that J. Michael Pearson, Chairman and CEO of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., has become a member of the ASA Board of Directors.
ASA's main mission is to advance research, champion skin health and drive public awareness regarding skin disease and melanoma/skin cancer. Through its national program of grants and awards, ASA has committed approximately $9 million to underwriting research by a new generation of scientists trained in dermatology and dedicated to overcoming the most serious forms of skin disease.
"Mike Pearson brings a tremendous wealth of experience to the Board. I look forward to working with him as we continue funding research, educating future generations on skin health and furthering the goal of defeating melanoma, skin cancer, and other skin diseases" said Howard P. Milstein.
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US Supreme Court Center > Volume 200 > ALABAMA GREAT SOUTHERN RY. CO. V. THOMPSON, 200 U. S. 206 (1906) > Full Text
ALABAMA GREAT SOUTHERN RY. CO. V. THOMPSON, 200 U. S. 206 (1906)
Alabama Great Southern Ry. Co. v. Thompson, 200 U.S. 206 (1906)
Alabama Great Southern Railway Company v. Thompson
Argued November 9, 1905
Decided January 2, 1906
CERTIFICATE FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT
OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
A question certified must be one the answer to which is to aid the court in determining a case before it.
The right of a defendant jointly sued with others to remove the case into the federal court depends upon the case made in the complaint against the defendants jointly, and that right, in the absence of showing a fraudulent joinder, does not arise from the failure of complainant to establish a joint cause of action.
In determining whether a case may be removed by one defendant, the question is not what the rule of the federal court may be as whether or not the action is joint, but whether the controversy is one made removable by Congress in § 2 of the Act of March 3, 1887, August 13, 1888.
A railroad corporation may be jointly sued with the engineer and conductor of one of its trains when it is sought to make the corporation liable only by reason of their negligence, and solely upon the ground of the responsibility of a principal for the act of his servant, though not personally present or directing and not charged with any concurrent act of negligence.
Such a suit is not removable by the corporation as a separable controversy, even though the amount involved exceeds $2,000, exclusive of interest and costs, and the requisite diversity of citizenship exists between the said company and the plaintiff if the citizenship of the individual defendants sued with the company as joint tortfeasors is identical with that of the plaintiff.
MR. JUSTICE DAY delivered the opinion of the Court.
This case is here on a certificate from the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. The certificate states the facts and propounds the questions as follows:
"This was an action in tort, brought by the administrator of Florence James for the negligent killing of the intestate by the defendant railroad company."
"The suit was started in a circuit court of the State of Tennessee, and a declaration was there filed."
"The plaintiff was a citizen of Tennessee."
"The defendants were the Alabama Great Southern Railway Company, a corporation organized under the laws of Alabama, and William H. Mills and Edgar Fuller, both citizens of the State of Tennessee."
"The case was then removed into the court below upon petition of the railroad company alone, upon the ground that a separable controversy, involving more than $2,000, exclusive of interest and costs, existed between the petitioner and the plaintiff, as to whom diversity of citizenship existed, which could be tried out without the presence of either of the individual codefendants of petitioner. "
"A motion to remand to the state court because no removable separable controversy appeared was overruled."
"Thereupon an issue was made and the case heard by court and jury, and a judgment rendered in favor of the plaintiff, and against the railroad company alone."
"From this judgment the railroad company sued out this writ of error."
"Upon the hearing in this Court, the Court raised the question as to whether the court below had rightfully acquired jurisdiction by the removal proceedings referred to, the removal being grounded only upon the question of separable controversy appearing upon the face of the declaration of the plaintiff at the time of the application for removal."
"That declaration substantially averred that the intestate of the plaintiff had been negligently, wrongfully, and carelessly run over while upon the track of the railroad company, in the exercise of due care, by an engine and train of cars owned and operated by the railroad company, which said train was at the time under the management and control of the individual defendants William H. Mills as conductor and Edgar Fuller as engineer."
"Entertaining grave doubt as to whether a joint right of action was stated against the railroad company and the two individual defendants, who were servants of the railroad company, it is ordered that the foregoing statement be certified to the supreme court, and that the instruction of that court be requested for the proper decision of the following questions which arise upon the record:"
"1. May a railroad corporation be jointly sued with two of its servants, one the conductor and the other the engineer of one of its trains, when it is sought to make the corporation liable only by reason of the negligent act of its said conductor and engineer in the operation of a train under their management and control, and solely upon the ground of the responsibility of a principal for the act of his servant, though not personally
present or directing, and not charged with any concurrent act of negligence?"
"Is such a suit removable by the corporation, as a separable controversy, when the amount involved exceeds $2,000, exclusive of interest and costs, and the requisite diversity of citizenship exists between the said company and the plaintiff, the citizenship of the individual defendants sued with the company as joint tortfeasors being identical with that of the plaintiff?"
A question certified must be one the answer to which is to aid the court in determining a case before it. Columbus Watch Co. v. Robbins, 148 U. S. 266. And it is evident that the matter to be determined in the case pending, desiring which the opinion of this Court is asked, is the removability of the case brought in the state court against the railroad company and the individual defendants. We shall answer the questions in that view.
The right to remove the controversy is founded upon § 2 of the Act of March 3, 1887, as corrected August 13, 1888, 1 Supp.Rev.Stat. 611. It is therein provided, among other things,
"and when, in any suit mentioned in this section, there shall be a controversy which is wholly between citizens of different states, and which can be fully determined as between them, then either one or more of the defendants actually interested in such controversy may remove said suit into the circuit court of the United States for the proper district."
The case was removed upon the theory that it contains a separable controversy between the nonresident railroad company and the plaintiff. The Removal Act of 1875, as amended in 1887-1888, in the part quoted above as to separable controversies, has been the subject of frequent adjudication in this Court. Independent of statute, there is much conflict in the authorities as to whether a corporation whose liability does not arise from an act of concurrence or direction on its part, but solely as a result of the relation of master and servant, may be jointly sued with the servant whose negligent conduct directly
caused the injury. In a leading case in this Court, Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. Co. v. Dixon, 179 U. S. 131, many of the cases were reviewed by the CHIEF JUSTICE, who delivered the opinion, and it was shown that, in a number of English and American cases, it has been held that, as to third persons, the master is responsible for the negligence of his servant in a joint action against both, to recover damages for an injury. In the case of Warax v. Cincinnati, N. O. & T. P. Railroad Co., 72 F. 637, a case which has been much cited and sometimes followed in the federal courts, it was held that a joint action could not be sustained against master and servant for acts done without the master's concurrence or direction, when his responsibility arises wholly from the policy of the law, which requires that he shall be held liable for the acts of those he employs in the prosecution of his business. And it was held that the petition against the engineer and the company presented a case of misjoinder, and could be removed on the application of the nonresident company.
In the case of Powers v. Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. Co., 169 U. S. 92, suit was brought against a railroad company and several of its servants for an injury alleged to have been caused by the joint negligence of all. MR. JUSTICE GRAY, delivering the opinion of the Court, said:
"It is well settled that an action of tort, which might have been brought against many persons or against any one or more of them, and which is brought in a state court against all jointly, contains no separate controversy which will authorize its removal by some of the defendants into the circuit court of the United States, even if they file separate answers and set up different defenses from the other defendants, and allege that they are not jointly liable with them, and that their own controversy with the plaintiff is a separate one, for, as this Court has often said,"
"a defendant has no right to say that an action shall be several which the plaintiff seeks to make joint. A separate defense may defeat a joint recovery, but it cannot deprive a plaintiff of his right to prosecute his suit to final decision
in his own way. The cause of action is the subject matter of the controversy, and that is, for all the purposes of the suit, whatever the plaintiff declares it to be in his pleadings."
Pirie v. Tvedt, 115 U. S. 41; Sloane v. Anderson, 117 U. S. 275; Little v. Giles, 118 U. S. 596, 118 U. S. 600-601; Louisville & Nashville R. Co. v. Wangelin, 132 U. S. 599; Torrence v. Shedd, 144 U. S. 527, 144 U. S. 530; Connell v. Smiley, 156 U. S. 335, 156 U. S. 340.
After thus stating the rule, the justice commented on the Warax case, supra, as a departure from the former ruling of the circuit court. And while the Powers case was decided on the ground of the right to remove after the local defendants had been dismissed from the action by the plaintiff, it is patent from the language just quoted from the opinion that, conceding the misjoinder of cause of action appeared on the face of the petition, that fact was not decisive of the right of the nonresident defendant to remove the action to the federal court.
And in Louisville & Nashville R. Co. v. Wangelin, 132 U. S. 599, 132 U. S. 600, the same eminent judge, speaking for the Court, said:
"It often has been decided that an action brought in a state court against two jointly for a tort cannot be removed by either of them into the circuit court of the United States, under the Act of March 3, 1875, c. 137, § 2, upon the ground of a separable controversy between the plaintiff and himself, although the defendants have pleaded severally, and the plaintiff might have brought the action against either alone. 18 Stat. 471; Pirie v. Tvedt, 115 U. S. 41; Sloane v. Anderson, 117 U. S. 275; Plymouth Company v. Amador & Sacramento Co., 118 U. S. 264; Thorn Wire Hedge Co. v. Fuller, 122 U. S. 535."
"It is equally well settled that, in any case, the question whether there is a separable controversy which will warrant a removal is to be determined by the condition of the record in the state court at the time of the filing of the petition for removal, independently of the allegations in that petition, or in the affidavit of the petitioner, unless the petitioner both alleges and proves that the defendants were wrongfully made
joint defendants for the purpose of preventing a removal into the federal court."
The language quoted by MR. JUSTICE GRAY in the Powers case was used by Chief Justice Waite in delivering the opinion of the Court in Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. v. Ide, 114 U. S. 52. The Chief Justice said:
"A defendant has no right to say that an action shall be several which a plaintiff elects to make joint. Smith v. Rines, 2 Sumner 348. A separate defense may defeat a joint recovery, but it cannot deprive a plaintiff of his right to prosecute his own suit to final determination in his own way."
It is true, as suggested by counsel, that MR. JUSTICE GRAY used the word "seeks" instead of "elects," but we do not perceive that this change deprives the doctrine announced of its force and effect.
The language is used of an action begun in the state court, and it is recognized that the plaintiff may select his own manner of bringing his action, and must stand or fall by his election. If he has improperly joined causes of action, he may fail in his suit; the question may be raised by answer, and the right of the defendant adjudicated. But the question of removability depends upon the state of the pleadings and the record at the time of the application for removal, Wilson v. Oswego Township, 151 U. S. 56, 151 U. S. 66, and it has been too frequently decided to be now questioned that the plaintiff may elect his own method of attack, and the case which he makes in his declaration, bill, or complaint, that being the only pleading in the case, is to determine the separable character of the controversy for the purpose of deciding the right of removal. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. v. Ide, 114 U. S. 52; Graves v. Corbin, 132 U. S. 571; Little v. Giles, 118 U. S. 596; East Tennessee, V. & G. R. Co. v. Grayson, 119 U. S. 240; Torrence v. Shedd, 144 U. S. 527; Chesapeake & Ohio R. Co. v. Dixon, 179 U. S. 131; Southern Ry. v. Carson, 194 U. S. 136.
In Whitcomb v. Smithson, 175 U. S. 635, an action was brought by Smithson in a state court of Minnesota against the Chicago Great Western Railway Company and Whitcomb
and Morris, receivers of the Wisconsin Central Company, to recover for personal injuries while serving the Chicago Great Western Railway Company as a fireman, as the result of a collision between the locomotive upon which he was at work and one operated by the receivers, who were officers of the federal court. The railway company answered, and the receivers filed a petition for removal to the United States circuit court. The case was thereafter remanded by the federal court, that court holding there was no separable controversy, and that the joinder was in good faith. Upon the trial in the state court, a verdict was directed by the court in favor of the railway company. Thereupon the receivers asked permission to file a supplemental petition for removal, and upon proffer of a petition and bond, the application was denied and a verdict was returned against the receivers only. Of this feature of the case, THE CHIEF JUSTICE, delivering the opinion of the Court, said:
"The contention here is that, when the trial court determined to direct a verdict in favor of the Chicago Great Western Railway Company, the result was that the case stood as if the receivers had been sole defendants, and that they then acquired a right of removal which was not concluded by the previous action of the circuit court. This might have been so if, when the cause was called for trial in the state court, plaintiff had discontinued his action against the railway company, and thereby elected to prosecute it against the receivers solely, instead of prosecuting it on the joint cause of action set up in the complaint against all the defendants. Powers v. Chesapeake & Ohio Railway, 169 U. S. 92. But that is not this case. The joint liability was insisted on here to the close of the trial, and the nonliability of the railway company was ruled in invitum."
In other words, the right to remove depended upon the case made in the complaint against both defendants jointly, and that right, in the absence of a showing of fraudulent joinder, did not arise from the failure of the complainant to establish a joint cause of action.
The fact that, by answer, the defendant may show that the liability is several cannot change the character of the case made by the plaintiff in his pleading so as to affect the right of removal. It is to remembered that we are not now dealing with joinders which are shown by the petition for removal, or otherwise, to be attempts to sue in the state courts with a view to defeat federal jurisdiction. In such cases, entirely different questions arise, and the federal courts may and should take such action as will defeat attempts to wrongfully deprive parties entitled to sue in the federal courts of the protection of their rights in those tribunals.
In the present case, there is nothing in the questions propounded which suggests an attempt to commit a fraud upon the jurisdiction of the federal courts.
As shown in the opinion of THE CHIEF JUSTICE in the Carson case, supra, the cases are in difference as to whether a common law action can be sustained against master and servant jointly because of the responsibility of the master for the acts of the servant in prosecuting the master's business. In good faith, so far as appears in the record, the plaintiff sought the determination of his rights in the state court by the filing of a declaration in which he alleged a joint cause of action.
Does this become a separable controversy within the meaning of the act of Congress because the plaintiff has misconceived his cause of action, and had no right to prosecute the defendants jointly? We think, in the light of the adjudications above cited from this Court, it does not. Upon the face of the complaint -- the only pleading filed in the case -- the action is joint. It may be that the state court will hold it not to be so. It may be (which we are not called upon to decide now) that this Court would so determine if the matter shall be presented in a case of which it has jurisdiction. But this does not change the character of the action which the plaintiff has seen fit to bring, nor change an alleged joint cause of action into a separable controversy for the purpose of removal. The case cannot be removed unless it is one which presents a separable controversy
wholly between citizens of different states. In determining this question, the law looks to the case made in the pleadings and determines whether the state court shall be required to surrender its jurisdiction to the federal court.
As early as 1816, this Court, in determining a question of jurisdiction, was governed by the character of the suit brought by the plaintiff. In New Orleans v. Winter, 1 Wheat. 91, it was held that a citizen of a territory could not sue in a federal court by joining with himself a citizen of another state. The opinion was delivered by Chief Justice Marshall, who said (p. 14 U. S. 95):
"In this case, it has been doubted whether the parties might elect to sue jointly or severally. However this may be, having elected to sue jointly, the court is incapable of distinguishing their case, so far as respects jurisdiction, from one in which they were compelled to unite."
It is urged with much earnestness by the learned counsel for the company that this view works a surrender of the right of determination of federal rights in the federal courts, and deprives nonresident citizens of their rights to appeal to those tribunals. The decision of a state court that such actions as the present might be joint at common law would have no controlling effect in the federal courts in determining the question in causes properly before them. And the question here is not what is the rule of the federal courts in similar cases, but is what controversies has Congress made removable in the act under consideration? Congress has not said, whatever it might do, that controversies between citizens of different states shall be removable wherein it is sought, contrary to the law as administered in the federal courts, to hold the citizens of another state to joint liability in tort with a citizen of the state where the action is brought. The fact that the state court may take a different view from the courts of the United States of the common law as to the character of such actions, and the right to prosecute them in form joint as well as several, affords no ground of removal.
The federal courts in some states hold a different rule as to
the doctrine of fellow servants from that administered in the state courts, and in other ways administer the common law according to their own views. It has not been suggested that a right of removal should arise from such differences. No more has Congress given the right where the state permits an action to be prosecuted jointly which would be held to be several only in the courts of the United States. The applicant for removal has been duly summoned into a cause in course of prosecution in the state court. All of the defendants not being nonresidents, it can remove only if it presents a separable controversy, which can be wholly determined between itself and the plaintiff. The test of such controversy, as this Court has frequently said, is the cause of action stated in the complaint. That is joint in character, and there is no attack upon the good faith of the action. In such case, we hold that no separable controversy is presented within the meaning of the act of Congress.
We answer the first question: that, for the purpose of determining the right of removal, the cause of action must be deemed to be joint. The views herein expressed lead to an answer to the second question in the negative.
In this opinion we have taken no account of the peculiar statute of Tennessee as to the liability of railroads for injuries to persons on the tracks, as its effect is not presented in the questions propounded, nor is it stated that the injury was received in the State of Tennessee.
Powered by Justia US Supreme Court Center: ALABAMA GREAT SOUTHERN RY. CO. V. THOMPSON, 200 U. S. 206 (1906)


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The Thin Wall – Radio | Synthpop 80s Electronic
SOUND OF THE FUTURE
ELECTRONIC BRITANNIA
CLASSIC 80S SYNTHPOP
MODERN ELECTROPOP
1. GARY NUMAN – TELEKON (BEGGARS BANQUET) 1980
The album was the end of Gary Numan's Machine Music Trilogy this was the follow-up to The Pleasure Principle which had spawned classics such as the single "Cars" and the album track "Metal" . This album was colder darker and but took the sound further than before. Telekon spawned there singles I Die You Die, We Are Glass & This Wreckage in the UK. Telekon became Gay Numan's third UK No.1 album. Stand out album tracks apart from the singles already on it were "I Dream of Wires", "I'm An Agent", "The Joy Circuit", "Sleep by Windows". What makes Telekon so wonderful is the perfect combination of powerful analogue Synthesizers, chopping Guitar riffs and classical Strings, which all blended perfectly to create a timeless masterpiece.
2. JOHN FOXX – METAMATIC (VIRGIN) 1980
John Foxx had been the Singer of The Band Ultravox! Who had delivered the brilliant "Systems of Romance" album in 1978. Metamatic was far more experimental and purely electronic in focus. Album tracks like "The Plaza", "New Kind Of Man" and "Touch and Go" capture this. The Metamatic Period gave rise to the Singles "Underpass", "20th Century", "Burning Car" & "Miles Away". Underpass became a Top 40 Hit along with Burning Car in the UK, both songs were far before their time.
3. VISAGE – VISAGE (POLYDOR) 1980
Visage was the Brainchild of Soho DJ Rusty Egan who was also a Drummer for The Skids and a member of The Rich Kids. From the Club Scene Rusty took the best elements and put it all into an Album, and captured an entire new Movement. He brought in Midge Ure (Ultravox), Billy Curry (Ultravox) and the Magazine Guitarist John McGeoch. Rusty then added a front man Steve Strange, who was the face of emerging New Romantic Club Scene known as the Blitz Kidz. Visage the Album spawned the singles "Tar", "Mind of a Toy, "Visage" and the huge International hit "Fade to Grey". This was the first New Romantic album the world had heard or seen.
4. ULTRAVOX – VIENNA (CHRYSALIS) 1980
With the New Singer Midge Ure (Rich Kids/Visage) at the helm and Billy Currie with his Arp Odyssey this Band could do no wrong. Ultravox Vienna was the first Ultravox album after John Foxx's departure for a Solo Career. Stand out tracks on this album are "New Europeans", "Mr X" and the instrumental "Astradyne". The singles were "Passing Strangers", "Sleepwalk", "We All Stood Still" and "Vienna". Vienna became a huge hit and broke Ultravox to a world stage in 1980.
5. OMD – ORCHESTRAL MANOEUVRES IN THE DARK (DINDISK) 1980
This was a self-Produced and Recorded Debut Album, from the Liverpool Duo Andy McCluskey & Paul Humphreys. They did not have a huge Recording Budget so built their own home recording studio, and due to their naivety, they had one of the most expensive Record Covers ever printed. Stand out Album tracks from this album are The Messerschmidt Twins, Julia's Song, Bunker Soldiers. The album spawned some classic singles for OMD such as "Electricity", "Messages", and "Red Frame/White Light".
6. HEAVEN 17 – PENTHOUSE AND PAVEMENT (VIRGIN) 1981
Former members of The Human League Martyn Ware and Ian Craig Marsh finally found a new Vocalist called Glen Gregory. He was the ideal partner who could take their bleak vision of the sounds of industrial decline in Sheffield to a World Stage. Penthouse and Pavement was partly an Electro Funk album on one side of the LP, and the other a dark Electropop album. Standout album tracks from this album include "Lets Go Make a Bomb" a song for the Apocalypse and a "Song with No Name". Singles from the Penthouse and Pavement album were: "(We Don't Need This) Fascist Groove Thang", "Play to Win", "At the Height of the Fighting" and "I'm Your Money". Heaven 17 made there mark with this album and a very bold and unique one.
7. THE HUMAN LEAGUE – DARE (VIRGIN) 1981
Dare was the first commercial Human League Album, and a genre defining Synthpop Album. The sound was very well crafted but minimal in a way which perfectly worked. It boasted the following singles: "Don't You Want Me", "The Sound Of The Crowd", "Love Action (I Believe In Love)", "Open Your Heart, Boys & Girls", and "The Things That Dreams Are Made Of". Dare was an international success for The Human League and one of the first Synthpop albums with mainstream appeal.
8. DEPECHE MODE – SPEAK AND SPELL (MUTE) 1981
This was Depeche Modes début Synthpop Album. Depeche Mode got a lot of stick from the Music Press similar to Gary Numan. The established Music Press in Britain, was very hostile to Electronic Music at the time. Vince Clarke really made this an accessible first album with sing along Melodies. Stand out album tracks on Speak and Spell are "Tora, Tora, Tora", "Puppets" and "Any Second Now". The Speak and Spell album period spawned the following singles: "Dreaming of Me", "New life", "Just Can't Get Enough".
9. SOFT CELL – NON-STOP EROTIC CABARET (SOME BIZARRE) 1981
This duo added Northern Soul to sleazy Synthpop for their début Album. Marc Almond and Dave Ball brought the less glamorous side of life through their music to the mainstream. The sound of sex on synthesizer proved to be a success. Stand out Album tracks were: "Chips on My Shoulder", "Entertain Me" and the classic anthem "Sex Dwarf". The album spawned several hits including the Gloria Jones cover "Tainted Love". "Bedsitter" and the timeless ballad "Say Hello, Wave Goodbye"
10. CHRIS & COSEY – HEARTBEAT (ROUGHTRADE) 1981
Chris Carter and Cosey Fanni Tutti were former members of the pioneering Industrial Band Throbbing Gristle. Heartbeat is a classic progressive experimental album. Stand out tracks are "Put Yourself in Los Angeles", "Useless Information" and "Just like You" and "Heartbeat". Chris & Cosey were heavily over looked by the mainstream, but Heartbeat was an album years ahead of its time. The album spawned no singles but was a testament to the future.
11. BILL NELSON – THE LOVE THAT WHIRLS (MERCURY) 1982
Bill Nelson was already an established Act in the 1970's with his band Be Bop Deluxe. Nelson dropped his Guitar for the Synthesizer and produced quite a remarkable album. Stand out tracks from this album were "Empire of the Senses", "Hope for the Heartbeat", "October Man". The album spawned the singles "Eros Arriving" and the classic "Flaming Desire".
12. ZAINE GRIFF – FIGURES (POLYDOR) 1982
Zaine Griff was a train performer and powerfull Vocalist. Figures was Zaine Griff's second album. Even though released in 1982, the album could of have been released in 1985. The legendary producer Hans Zimmer produced Figures. Stand out album tracks on Figures include "The Vanishing Men", "The Stranger", "Passionate Reply" (Ultravox Cover), "Hot" and "Fahrenheit 451". There were two singles released of the album; "Figures" and "Flowers" (Featuring Kate Bush).
13. BLANCMANGE – HAPPY FAMILIES (LONDON RECORDS) 1982
Blancmange were one of the most modest Synthpop Bands of the Eighties. Blancmange started of with a bang. The stand out song on this album is "I've Seen the World". "Living on a Ceiling", the first single became an International Hit. Other singles of this album were "Waves", "Feel Me" and "Gods Kitchen".
14. YAZOO – UPSTAIRS AT ERICS (MUTE) 1982
Vince Clarke previously the Keyboardist and Programmer of Depeche Mode teamed up with Alison Moyet to record a Synthpop Album. Alison's powerful Soul vocals gave birth to something quite amazing. Classic album tracks include "Goodbye 70's"," Tuesday", "Situation". Prior to the albums, release "Only You" and "Don't Go" the Singles both became Top 10 hits for Yazoo in the UK.
15. TALK TALK – THE PARTY'S OVER (EMI) 1982
The debut Talk Talk album stand out tracks are "Hate", "It's so Serious" and "Another Word". Singles from this album were the hits "Mirror Man", "Talk Talk" and "Today". Mark Hollis's vocals complimented the powerful chorus's and sing along melodies. The Party's Over was one of the strongest debut albums for a Band, in the early eighties.
Tags: depeche modegary numanheaven 17john foxxsoft cellsynthpopthe human leaugeultravoxvisage
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The Red Sox begin a three-game weekend series Friday night against the Blue Jays, with Allen Webster pitching against Drew Hutchison. Webster (3-3, 6.69) has spent much of the year shuffling between the Red Sox and Triple-A Pawtucket, as he has made just seven starts with Boston in 2014. His last two starts with the Red Sox have not exactly gone swimmingly. He was charged with six runs on eight hits on Aug. 24 against the Mariners, pitching just 4 1/3 innings that day. He did, however, record five strikeouts. Last time out against the Rays did not prove to be much better for the 24-year-old. Tampa Bay batters tagged him for six runs in four innings of work before he exited for reliever Alex Wilson. Webster said his command was an issue in that outing, which allowed the Rays to get into favorable hitters'€™ counts. "I fell behind batters, didn't get ahead, and when I had to make pitches I left them over the middle of the plate," Webster said. Unlike his major league numbers, Webster fared well with the PawSox this year. In 122 innings and 20 starts, his ERA sits at 3.10 and his WHIP at 1.24. Hitters have batted just .234 against him in the minor leagues. Hitters in the big leagues, though, have hit .266 against him, causing his WHIP to rise to 1.63 in the majors. He also has not thrown more than 6 2/3 innings or over 99 pitches in any start with the Red Sox this season. Hutchinson (9-11, 4.47) has battled some inconsistencies throughout the past two months of the season. At the beginning of July, Hutchison'€™s ERA was 3.86. But four starts where he allowed at least six runs between July and August -- including one against the Red Sox -- saw his ERA rise to nearly the five mark. His last two starts have been much better, though. In his last start, which came against the Yankees, Hutchinson struck out nine and allowed just one hit over seven impressive innings. That performance followed a start in which Hutchison pitched six innings of one-run ball against the Rays. The 24-year-old has mixed results against the Red Sox this season. He earned the win at Fenway Park on May 21 when he pitched 5 2/3 innings of one-run ball. Outfielder Shane Victorino provided the only Red Sox run against Hutchison with a solo home run. But Hutchison'€™s last start against Boston did not go as well. The right-hander did not even make it out of the third inning when the Red Sox offense knocked him around for six runs and nine hits. Former Red Sox shortstop Stephen Drew did the most damage off Hutchison with a three-run home run in the third inning. The only current Red Sox major leaguer to drive in a run off Hutchison in that game was Christian Vazquez, who recorded an RBI infield single. Though it is in just five plate appearances, Xander Bogaerts has three hits, including one double against Hutchison. Mike Napoli also has two hits and two walks against the right-hander. Red Sox vs. Hutchison (RHP) David Ortiz (8): .000 average/.000 OBP/.000 SLG, 2 strikeouts Daniel Nava (6): .400/.500/.400, 1 walk Xander Bogaerts (5): .600/.600/.800, 1 double Mike Napoli (5): .667/800/1.000, 1 double, 2 walks Dustin Pedroia (5): .200/.200/.200 Brock Holt (4): .000/.000/.000, 1 strikeout Yoenis Cespedes (3): .333/.333/.333, 1 strikeout Allen Craig is 0-for-2 against Hutchison, while Christian Vazquez has one hit and one RBI in his one plate appearance. Blue Jays vs. Webster (RHP) Jose Bautista (3): .333/.333/.333, 1 RBI, 1 strikeout Edwin Encarnacion (3): .500/.667/.500, 1 RBI, 1 walk Adam Lind (3): .500/.333/.500, 1 strikeout, 1 RBI Colby Rasmus (3): .000/.000/.000 Jose Reyes (3): .333/.333/.333, 1 strikeout George Kottaras has one home run in two plate appearances against Webster and Danny Valencia struck out in his one at-bat against the right-hander.