Here are your tips for September gardening. After a cold Spring, we have had a hot dry June and July 2018 and now a cool damp week. By the time you read this, we might be under water or in a desert! The hot weather hastened the ripening of apples and brought forward the harvesting of potatoes; the runner beans in my care have hated it!
The suggestions of things to do in the September garden are based on what normally needs to be done at this time of year.
The year is far from over and chrysanthemums, asters and dahlias will go on flowering so long as you feed and dead-head them. Take cuttings of favourite fuchsias, pelargoniums and penstemons to overwinter under cover. Collect seeds from other plants and dry them before storing in paper envelopes (or swapping with friends).
Lift and divide hardy perennials. Plant new ones for next year's colour e.g. Helenium, Helianthus and Asters.
September is also a time to start planting for spring – daffodils need to go in now, but tulips can wait until November.
Plant trees and shrubs while the soil is still warm.
To give a tidy outline for the Winter, clip deciduous hedges like hawthorn, beech and hornbeam, and give a second clip to the soft growth of cypress and yew.
Beans, sweetcorn and main potatoes can be harvested, but leave pumpkins and squashes on the plant to ripen, supported by a brick or straw. When ripe, the skins darken and they sound hollow when you tap them.
Apples and pears can be harvested and stored somewhere cool and frost-free as soon as they pick easily when you lift and turn.


The type of global SVG element identifier.
The function new_elt_id () creates a new HTML5 element identifier. (see the Eliom manual for more information on global element).
The function create_named_elt ~id elt create a copy of the element elt that will be accessible through the name id.
The function create_named_elt elt is equivalent to create_named_elt ~id:(new_elt_id ()) elt.
create_request_elt ?reset elt creates a referable copy of elt. If ~reset = true is provided (default: false), a new ID is created even if elt has an ID already.
get_element id returns the HTML element in the DOM with the given id if it exists.


A birthday calendar is so handy for keeping your special dates - like birthdays and anniversaries - from year to year. This lovely calendar is printed with original illustrations of Tillandsia, or air plants.
Generously sized, you'll have plenty of room to keep track of all your important dates year after year.


text:
Q: Qt, catch form values in QNetworkRequest I have a QWebView component in my Qt widget application. And I have already created a network manager to handle requests from the QWebView.
What I want to do is catching the values of the web form inside QWebView, up to this point of time I have the QNetworkRequest instance of every network request.
How to extract the form values from the QNetworkRequest instance?

A: You can use this function of QNetworkRequest class:
QByteArray QNetworkRequest::rawHeader ( const QByteArray & headerName ) const

which returns the raw form of header named headerName.

A: Are you talking about the values on the get method?
    int i= 0;
    QPair<QString , QString > values;
    while( i < ui->webView->url().queryItems().count() )
    {
        values =  ui->webView->url().queryItems().at( i );
        i++;
    }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Give your love to nature too. Photo courtesy of Brian Wright.
Choose to do something new this year, spread a message through purchasing habits, spread a message to loved ones, and most importantly, teach kids in a fun way, to care about what is happening in the world through awesome gift giving opportunities like the one Sierra Club is doing now.
Isn't it great you have the power to change people's minds through positive examples? You have the power to change the future of our world by demonstrating good examples, especially around holidays, to children even if they aren't yours.
So, this year consider the Sierra Club's gift idea for Valentine's Day for a special someone or your kids. You can pick from one of twelve wild life locations to give on behalf of wild animals, and Sierra Club will send you a stuffed animal (or a rucksack), a recognition certificate, a photo and a sincere thank you for your conscious awareness and support.
12 Ways to make you, the environment, the wild animals, Sierra Club and your loved one happy this year!
That's a lot of heart happiness for one small sponsorship!
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; gift – stuffed polar bear.
Badlands National Park; gift – toy stuffed bat.
Rocky Mountain National park; gift – toy stuffed elk.
Everglades National Park; gift – toy stuffed sea turtle.
Yellowstone National Park; gift – toy stuffed grizzly bear.
Yosemite National Park; gift – toy stuffed mountain lion.
Giant Sequoia National Monument; gift – toy stuffed black bear.
Grand Canyon National Park; gift – toy stuffed tarantula.
Glacier National Park; gift – toy stuffed gray wolf.
Acadia National Park; gift – toy stuffed harbor seal.
Great Smoky Mountains; gift – toy stuffed black bear.
Adirondack Park; gift – toy stuffed bald eagle.
If you don't have kids or a special someone, why not give to Sierra Club and then give your stuffed animal or rucksack to an elderly person or a sick child in the hospital? Maybe you have an even better idea. It doesn't seem like much to give for another, but its a very powerful experience to share with others.
I know someone who was going through a rough time and on a holiday gift giving program with her daughter, as well as food stamps and housing assistance. She had a hard time asking for presents at Christmas because she was aware that in the next city over people were homeless and hungry. So on her gift request form for the sponsor tree, she asked for money be donated to a local shelter as her present that year.
The couple that chose her name from the gift tree to sponsor them that year loved the idea. The husband and wife donated to a homeless shelter and gave the woman a certificate to show much they contributed on her behalf and how many people who received a meal. This woman said it was a very powerful experience to feel the energy of sharing and giving circulate through that many people; one of her best Christmas presents ever. Its more powerful than our traditional ways of giving influenced by the Western culture. Have you ever tried it? Maybe this Valentine's Day will be your first time.
Double Time your love this year by choosing gift ideas that promote messages to those around you while making them feel loved and appreciated at the same time.
I sponsored Glacier National Park on behalf of my kid. Right now they are giving free shipping if you order before January 31st. My child will receive a 12″ plush Lynx, a small reusable tote bag, a letter of recognition and a picture with some information about Glacier National Park.
What beautiful wild area and wild animals will you support with your loved ones this year for Valentine's Day? The great Sequoia and the black bear? Adirondack Park with its bald Eagle or the Everglades' sea turtle? The Grand Canyon, home to tarantulas? You have to check out the stuffed tarantula, its such a unique stuffed animal for a child. Pick from twelve and then tell me what you've done.


PERU – United Way of Miami County is about $64,194 short of meeting its outcomes goal for the campaign that ends Dec. 31.
The outcomes goal was set to reflect the accountability of the United Way system ... In theory, achievement of multiple program outcomes leads to a system objective and achievement of multiple system objectives leads to a community goal. Wallick is encouraging people to contribute even a small donation.
Bryan Maggart, the campaign co-chair of United Way of Miami County, said he thinks the biggest contributor to the shortfall this year is from the industrial division. He said changes could leave people feeling unsure about their own financial situation.
United Way of Miami County is encouraging all of Miami County to participate in United Way Blue Jean Week. The week of Dec. 11 - 15. Employees could make a one-time donation of $5 to get comfy at work and help a good cause.


text:
The Night With...
Listings About Season Tickets
The Night With... presents:
The Night With... Turning the Elements (Lunchtimes)
Turning the Elements (Joanna Nicholson and Frances Cooper)
Stills Gallery, Edinburgh, GB
Tue, Aug 13, 2019 1:00 PM
£8/£5
Entry Requirements: None
Share Tweet Add
General Admission (e-ticket)
$10.97 + $1.37 s/c
Concession (e-ticket)
$6.86 + $1.37 s/c
A programme of music featuring settings of Scottish poetry composed by Scottish Composers.
Three Pieces for Soprano and Clarinet by Rebecca Rowe*
… everyone is a child of the inbetween… by Matthew Whiteside, words Helene Grøn
Horo by Stuart Murray Mitchell*
Lux Aeterna Poetry by Nan Shepherd, music by Joanna Nicholson *Poetry by Jane McKie and Stewart Sanderson
Turning the Elements began as the name for the 2015 project which resulted in the two suites of song in tonight's programme. As they evolved and our performances developed, we realised that the name reflected perfectly what we do as a duo; taking music, both new and traditional, and turning the elements of each piece to fit our two instruments, the voice and the clarinet, and putting our own slant on their performance. Turning the Elements has appeared at festivals around the country: StAnza Poetry Festival (St Andrews), Fringe by the Sea (North Berwick), Sound Festival (Aberdeenshire), Book Week Scotland (Jedburgh), and taken our programmes to the Isle of Arran, Campbeltown, Dundee and Aden Park in Mintlaw (with assistance from the Hope Scott Trust).
Frances Cooper began her singing studies at the North East of Scotland Music School in Aberdeen and continued studying privately with Johanna Peters and Patricia MacMahon. She has sung countrywide with Cappella Nova and Dunedin Consort and worked extensively with various small ensembles, including Fires of Love, who released three critically acclaimed recordings with Delphian Records. Most recently she has been instrumental in forming a new ensemble, Fliskmahoy!, for three female voices and violin, a perfect foil for her duo performances with Joanna. Joanna Nicholson was a junior student at the then Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama and on leaving school won a scholarship at London's Royal College of Music. She pursues a freelance career encompassing orchestral, chamber and solo playing and has written and performed several musical stories for children. This summer she was artist in residence at The Barn, Banchory, where she worked on the two pieces for soprano and clarinet you will hear tonight, Do we? We do and Lux Perpetua.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Select your operating system and version , Change Detected operating system: Its a great printer. Please try again shortly. To achieve a Gold competency level, Solvusoft goes through extensive independent analysis that looks for, amongst other qualities, a high level of software expertise, a successful customer service track record, and top-tier customer value. Email list of drivers.
Operating System – Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8. Need support for your Samsung Printer? Let HP identify any out-of-date or missing drivers and software.
Does the work and you pay less for the prints. Catride is also affordable and easily available in shops aswell as online stores. Asia Pacific and Oceania.
We were unable to find any drivers for your product. With good space for papers printter nice handling. I bought a samsung scx multifunction device 3 years back.
Please make a different selection, or visit the product homepage. To achieve a Smsung competency level, Solvusoft goes through extensive independent analysis that looks for, amongst other prinher, a samsung scx 3201 printer level of software expertise, a successful customer service track record, and top-tier customer value. Off late, there are varieties of new printers introduced in the market. Europe, Middle East, Africa. This tool will download and update the correct Samsung SCX driver samsung scx 3201 printer automatically, protecting you against installing the wrong SCX drivers.
Many times it helped me to take copies in the home itself. Before you need out to buy one, we suggest you refer these guidelines.


Local 7 has several programs available to its members which will allow them to grow in experience within their craft and industry. Check them out!
For active participants, retired participants, and families we have a library of all the documents you need to manage your employee benefits.
Please log in to access the Members Only sections. If you do not have a BAC Card Number please contact the BAC 7. Thanks you very much.
The leadership and members of BAC Local 7, Tile, Marble and Terrazzo, from New York and New Jersey would like to welcome you to our website. Hopefully our web site should enlighten you about who we are and what we do for the middle class in the great states we represent and work in.
As far back as the 1800s, North American masonry-trowel trade's workers protected their wages and working conditions by forming unions and associations. In 1823, for example, journeymen stone cutters in New York City went on strike in support of the 10-hour workday, and in 1835 masons in Troy, New York went on strike for higher wages.
The leadership and members of the BAC have always supported the middle class by helping to establish the 8-hour work day, 5-day work week, implementing health insurance and pensions for it's members, negotiating higher wages, teaching safety and related training, supporting the family and medical leave act and encouraging fair treatment for women, people of all ethnic backgrounds, and those with disabilities.
At Local 7 we are always looking for the best and brightest that our area has to offer. If you're experienced journeymen, visit the Training page to learn more about us and How to Join! If you're interested in our Apprenticeship Program you can learn more about it through our website.
We encourage you learn more About Us, we hope that you enjoy your time on our site, and finally, we welcome you to Contact Us.


This session is about putting your players' fitness levels to the test. It's a tough session, but a highly rewarding one, that teaches players to look for the early pass, move the ball into space and use their hips in the pass to generate more power.
The tougher fitness work is sandwiched between fun passing drills and games to help keep your players motivated throughout the session, including a conditioned game of Aussie Rules to develop players' decision making skills and awareness.


Just a few months back, we witnessed the launch of Malaysia's new wireless broadband service, powered by the multinational conglomerate YTL Corp's subsidiary YTL Communications. Labelled YES 4G, the WIMAX-based broadband service promises to bring Internet connectivity to the masses. Yes, Internet for everyone.
Some of us had the privilege to taste and test the service pre-launch, and also a chance to pre-register our YesIDs and 018 voice numbers about a week before the actual launch. So launch it did, and with much fanfare too, as expected from a corporate entity as massive as YTL Corp. Together with the hype of the launch both offline and online also came a plethora of issues and controversy – some tiny, nagging annoyances up to huge hiccups that plagued users and web visitors alike.
2. Is it really 4G? Or really 3G+1?
Continue: Is it really 4G? Or really 3G+1?


text:
Speculations
The simplest unit of spatial thought ... is the Right Angle
By pyxxo,
March 23, 2009 in Speculations
pyxxo
When we design, create, build or arrange objects, the most basic, fundamental shape we use is the right angle and its progeny: the rectangle, square, cube and cuboid.
Here's the modern city of Johannesburg, beside the city of Kahun, near Giza in Egypt, built 5,000 years ago:
Both built on right angle grids.
Here's some game boards: chess, tic-tac-toe, sudoku, a crossword, scrabble:
all played on square grids.
The screen you're viewing this post on, all the windows it contains, the menus, the icon, character, button and picture spaces, and the pixels themselves ... are, from a visual standpoint, all designed with the right angle as the most rudimentary concept.
Here's various sports pitches: basketball, football, badminton, snooker, volleyball:
All rectangles. If you're not commuting right now, chances are you're reading this inside a room... a room made from right angle corners, in a building built with right angle corners ... all made from right angle bricks.
Here's an exercise for you do. Take a piece of paper, a pen, and multiply 34 by 27. *Don't* use a calculator. Do it manually. Don't read any further until you have the answer.
When you wrote out the calculation, you organized the numbers into a right angle grid. You put each number (apart from the carried numbers) into it's own imaginary, rectangular box. In school, you learnt this on squared paper. Look back at the paper now, and draw the lines between the numbers where the squared lines would have been.
Now pause for a moment and imagine how many times per day, across the world, a graph is shown:
and that graph is almost exclusively a right angle graph.
Why not draw the graph at 85 degrees? We could, of course, display the same information, with the same data points, on a graph at 85 degrees, and it would be perfectly valid:
But we don't. We show it at 90 degrees. Because 85 degrees feels wrong. And 90 degrees feels right.
The human mind sees 90 degrees as the most perfect angle, simply because at it's root, spatially, the right angle is the simplest, smallest unit of mental processing.
All of this is explained further in this video
Please watch the full video set before replying here. Thanks.
Edited March 23, 2009 by pyxxo
Doomy doom ♫
Don't you think that the efficiency benefits of regular geometry might be a simpler explanation?
That's not the reason at all. The area under the line has mathematical significance. You use the most rational expression of that area because its dimensionality determines how easily that significance can be interpreted.
CaptainPanic
Usually himself
90 degrees is not a coincidence. 90 degrees is also no human invention, and has little to do with how we like it, feel about it or felt about it 5000 years ago.
90 degrees comes from 180/2 degrees... and in that light it's not so amazing. 180 degrees is a straight line, and no matter what kind of thing you invent, a straight line is always straight, and if take a point on that line, and you want to make a second line through that point and have an equal angle to both sides, then the perpendicular line is the one you will find. That's just simple maths, not psychology.
Incidentally, the 90 degrees is also found in nature: It is the angle between a flat surface of water and the direction of gravity. (Agreed, there is some rounding off here - the earth is not exactly round). Also, right angles occur in many places in physics (for example the Lorentz force - it wouldn't become 85 degrees if we changed our definition).
Trickster Archetype
It's also a representation of the relationship between spatial dimensions. Lines at right angles to one another have extension in entirely different dimensions, which makes them an obvious choice for any number of things, including graphs which show the relationship between different parameters. It also means that right angles have real physical significance whenever there's ever a unidirectional motion or force, like gravity: the relationship between vertical and horizontal is a right angle. Vertical being the direction of the force of gravity, and horizontal being the direction in which gravity has no effect.
Ok thanks for the input (ps. keep it coming!). Before I address your points, i'll throw a couple of curveballs.
Consider the upper case English alphabet: (verdana font, but any sans-serif font will have similar properties)
It contains a total of 12 curved lines, 19 diagonal lines, but 42 lines at right angles to the edges of the almost exclusively rectangular paper or screen it's displayed on.
The *visual appearance* of these symbols is essentially arbitrary and is devoid of significance in mathematics, geometry, physics, gravity or electromagnetic force.
There is no logical or rational need for the alphabet to contain 58% horizontal and vertical lines - they are purely symbols.
Handwriting is of course more curved and rounded, but the introduction of the printing press and mass production funnelled the english alphabet into its current, overly perpendicular form.
A standard capital letter 'T' is perfectly straight, true and perpendicular. Its lesser-used cousin receives a special name to denote its slanted form - the italic 'T'.
Script in arabic, hebrew, asian and other languages contain many more curved and diagonal lines, nevertheless, each is written horizontally or vertically across the, again almost exclusively rectangular paper or screen.
Consider the common staircase - which performs a simple function - the vertical transport of humans:
The horizontal portion, the tread, is horizontal for good reason - to avoid slipping. But the vertical portion, the riser, has no reason to be perfectly vertical.
The vertical riser could be slanted in either direction, like this:
The first case, the outward slant, is less safe than the standard right angle due to a smaller horizontal surface.
By that same logic, the second case, the inward slant, would be safer than the right angle version.
Yet across the world, standard staircase design remains mostly perpendicular.
Not because it's the best design. But because its the easiest design for humans to create and build.
90 degrees is perpendicular, orthogonal, square, perfect. Anything else, other than 180 and 270 degrees, is diagonal - imperfect.
Let's compare humankind's fixation with right angles to that of another animal that also spends its days creating a perfect, regular geometric shape: the bee. It's shape of choice: the hexagon:
Just like the human-made world is dominated by 90 degrees, so, the bee-created world, the honeycomb beehive, is dominated by the angle at the corner of a hexagon: 120 degrees.
Bees, if they could make graphs, would make them like this, with 120 degrees as the critical angle:
To a bee, 90 degrees is diagonal.
Merged post follows:
Consecutive posts merged
Ok, now to your points
Sisyphus:
It's also a representation of the relationship between spatial dimensions
ie, the 3 dimensions based on 3 lines at right angles to each other, used to describe a point or points in 3 dimensional space. Which, i'm sure you're aware, can also be described perfectly well using polar coordinates.
Similarly, all of 3 dimensional space could be described using, for instance, 3 axes at 100 or 110 degrees.
My point, is, predominantly, we don't use those systems. We use the right angle system. That's the one we explain to kids in school. Because that's the way the human mind sees the perfectly constructed spatial template. In the video i make the statement:
The origin is not a blank map of the universe.
The origin is a blank map of the human mind.
Lines at right angles to one another have extension in entirely different dimensions
Again, lines at 60, 30, 78.34 degrees etc, also have extension in different dimenions.
CaptainPanic:
90 degrees is also no human invention
Correct. The right angle is not an invention, it's a discovery. And to label it so, we must find a right angle in nature.
And it does appear, in right angle crystals such as pyrite, flourite and halite:
In the video I make the statement:
Apart from right angle crystals, there are no true, natural right angles in the known universe.
So let's be very clear on the definition of a right angle: two straight lines, touching at 90 degrees.
the relationship between vertical and horizontal is a right angle...
...horizontal being the direction in which gravity has no effect.
diagonal is another direction in which gravity has no effect. Gravity only has an effect in a vertical direction. Gravity only pulls down. It doesn't pull diagonal.
Define the concept of 'horizontal' without using right angles, and using only natural concepts (apart from crystals).
- "Horizontal is the direction of a tangent drawn to the surface of the earth"
Is not valid since such a tangent does not appear in nature. And of course, close up, the earth rarely has that perfect round curvature (due to mountains, valleys, vegetation etc). Even the seas are pulled slightly off that curvature by the moon, and the waves also negate any smoothness. Similarly,
- "Horizontal is the direction in which a perfectly round sphere will not roll on a pefectly flat surface"
is not valid since perfectly round spheres do not exist in nature. (apart from possibly bubbles, but they don't roll).
- "Horizontal - the direction from a point on the earth directly to the horizon"
This is pretty close but the direction and the distance of the horizon depends on how tall you are. If you are 2000m tall (or on top of a mountain/building) your view of the horizon is now in a downward, diagonal direction, not at right angles to the line of gravity (drawing not to scale)
If you are exactly 0 meters tall, and assume the earth is a perfect sphere, then the horizon will appear 0 meters away, giving you a point, not a line.
Ignoring this effect, your view of the horizon is altered by natural features - mountains, pull of the moon on the sea etc. Also, the exact point of the horizon, where the sky meets the sea, is hazy, due to the amount of atmosphere between the horizon and the obsever.
Look at this diagram, (not to scale) showing the earth, the sun, and the line of gravitational pull between the two, and show me where the natural right angles are:
Regardless of all this, gravity cannot explain the continuous appearance of the right angle is so many other human endeavours, for instance the right angle grids on a chess board and other game boards.
Spatially, the human mind loves to interact with squares, rectangles and right angles.
This is why square chess is massively, massively popular.
Chess played on a hexagonal gameboard, while perfectly valid, remains a marginal activity.
Sudoku swept across the world in 2005 and now appears in the backpages of just about every newspaper every day. Hexagonal and triangular versions remain also-rans.
Even the children's game of hopscotch belies a fundamental human fixation with right angle.
The purpose of the boxes is to contain the children's feet; feet are not square.
A window, the purpose of which is to allow light into a room, could be any shape: circular, hexagonal, nonagonal. But predominantly so, it is a rectangle.
A bed, the purpose of which is to contain a prostrate human, is predominantly a (rounded) rectangle. The human body is not rectangular.
Sayonara:
Mathematics has proved that when packing circular objects to minimize volume used, the most efficient regular geometric shape is the hexagon, not the square.
From my calculations, about 12% more efficient.
if take a point on that line, and you want to make a second line through that point and have an equal angle to both sides, then the perpendicular line is the one you will find.
this one is really just a question of sentence semantics, but here is a straight line, with a second straight line through a point on the line, with equal angles alpha1 and alpha2 on both sides:
But of course that's not what you meant, and it's a simple matter to adjust the sentence to "cross two straight lines so they create four equal angles", essentially dividing the circle in four like so:
There is no question that this is simple and correct mathematics.
Regardless of its simplicity however, dividing a circle in four to obtain a right angle remains an algorithm designed by humans, and thus not natural.
We could also use a similar algorithm to divide the circle in 6, 7 or 9 equal angles, creating the perfect geometric shapes the hexagon, septagon and nonagon, and label all of those natural:
The hexagon appears in nature (the beehive); the septagon and nonagon do not (to the best of my knowledge)
The bees, were we able to communicate with them, would see our system as needlessly complex. They need not go to a fourth division of the circle. For their perfect system, they need only divide the circle in three:
creating their perfect right angle: 120 degrees.
Overall, I am not questioning for a moment the validity, correctness, usefulness or beauty of mathematics or physics. I am questioning the overabundance of the right angle in these systems and in the full array of human physical and theoretical creation.
In mathematics, that questioning begins with the origin itself.
Bees, if they could make plots would also use 90 degrees. Anyway, if you are really-really convinced that bees would be able to do maths the bee-way, then please move on to translate the theory of trigonometry into this 120 degree world.
Humans build staircases which do not use perfect 90 degree angles for the vertical sections. This is to increase the surface where you can put your foot, to be able to have a steeper staircase without losing your footing. I really don't understand what a staircase has to do with the scientific and mathematic meaning of the perfect right angle.
Until now, all you have been saying is that it's possible to make projections .
Or you could address the points.
please move on to translate the theory of trigonometry into this 120 degree world
A simple matter. Nothing more than a simple trifle.
This took no more than two minutes to calculate.
You will note that
where C is the critical angle which is always 90 degrees in standard trigonometry, but now 120 degrees (in radians).
Go ahead and do the calculations.
It's a simple matter of measurement of lines, angles and some arithmetic.
And if it works for 120 degrees, it will surely work for any critical angle C.
where the functions on the right of the equation are the normal, 90 degrees versions. If you can simplify that please do.
TAN A = SIN A / COS A
BEE TAN A is trivial
Now simply replace SIN/COS/TAN in all the normal trigonometry equations with their bee versions.
This doesn't provide for equations which use lengths (laws of sines / cosines etc) but they can probably be converted, if SIN/COS/TAN were converted that easily.
Now look at this table of common trigonometric functions
Notice the preponderance of pi/2?
pi/2 is equal to 90 degrees
The entire system of trigonometry has to compensate for 90 degrees because it is dependent on 90 degrees.
If you use 120 degree triangles, or any other triangles for that matter, simply replace pi/2 with your angle, thus removing all trace of 90 degrees from the system, (assuming all the normal sin/cos/tan tables have been converted.)
Now think about this. Hundreds of thousands of mathematicians, physicists, engineers and architects across the world use trigonometry every day of the week in endless calculations. All without a care as to why the system is built on 90 degrees.
Nowhere in trigonometry theory does it explain why 90 degrees triangles are used, over any other angle, and no one has sought to ask the question, to the best of my knowledge.
With a few simple calculations it can be shown that trigonometry can be performed with any angle.
For pure mathematics, there is no rational or logical reason to prefer 90 degree triangles over any other. (for building a right angle dwelling, there is)
So, here is the answer:
Because the Human Mind has as its fundamental spatial root, the right angle.
I now declare the use of the right angle in trigonometry superfluous.
Up to this point, there has been an unshakeable belief in the perfection, correctness and absolute necessity of the right angle in trigonometry. Whereas it is simply one of any useful angles from 0 to 180 degrees.
And now, if it was shown in a matter of minutes that the right angle is superfluous in trigonometry, how many other areas of mathematics is it superfluous?
Once again, I am not for a moment questioning the correctness of mathematics. I am questioning the overabundance of the right angle.
All of this, still, is only a small portion of how the right angle human mind affects the human-made world.
Yes, it feels right. When you play tetris, the way the blocks move in steps, click together and rotate, all in a perfect orthogonal grid - each click feels right - because the human mind prefers 90 degrees over say 60 or 120.
Versions designed using the other two regular polygons which stack together without space leftover, the hexagon and triangle, remain sideline activities.
Kyrisch
And this is where you inadvertently prove the point that has been the main response to all this that you're spewing all along.
Trigonometry wasn't invented by people, its laws and identities were discovered, defined by the actual physical constraints of geometry, something that exists independent of the human mind. The reason that 90º is such a prevalent constant in the identities because it corresponds to a rotation, again relating back to the fact that dimensions are defined (and are so because the math is simplest) to be orthogonal to each other.
And furthermore, your logic is faulty due to a huge and obvious fallacy of accident. There are plenty of curves in human engineering, from all sorts of recreational balls to lightbulbs to clocks to knobs to wheels. And you may argue that this is because such things necessitate a spherical shape in order to function -- well, so do all those things composed of right angles! If laptop screens were not square, they would not be able to fold efficiently over; if computer keys were not square, they would have bad packing efficiency; if rooms were not rectangular, it would be difficult to put furniture in them in any efficient way -- flat sides go well against flat sides. Any angle other than 90º (such as 120º) would cause oblique sides and awkward furniture arrangement. Curved surfaces would be even worse. Instead of having randomly shaped furniture to fit that various circumstances arising from a non rectangular room, it's much, much easier to just make everything rectangular and have it all fit nicely wherever one chooses.
Someone please run the numbers through those equations I gave previously and tell me I'm wrong
Your numbers are not incorrect, it's just that you're not drawing a valid conclusion. It's not your math, it's your concept and theory that we are rebutting.
Of course the human mind automatically likes the right angle. But that's not because of us, humans. It's because it's such a fundamental angle which occurs everywhere in nature.
It's not invented by man.
The only thing that was invented by man is to assign the number "90" to the right angle. And in fact, some systems assign pi/2 to it. Or 100% (for slopes of mountains (I think - not too many mountains in my country)).
Also, to go back to your 1st post: why are our roads often at 90 degrees? Because that minimizes the road surface, while optimizing the surface for buildings. 90 degrees is not an arbitrary choice. It's a logical choice that follows from calculations/optimizations and also sometimes from nature itself.
ok let me explain it another way. Here's 24 cans of beer, packed in a standard crate the normal way.
Billions and billions of cans of beer make their way around the world every day of the week.
Now surely, if there is a constant need for optimization and efficiency, and if land prices for storage come at a premium, surely we would by now have found the best way to pack 24 cans of beer into a box.
For simplicity let's call the diameter of a can 1 unit. So the area of the above box is 6 x 4 = 24 units.
Now, increase the length of the box by ~3%, also increasing the area by 3%, and pack the cans in a 4-3 hexagonal formation.
You can now place the mythical 25th can of beer into the box:
giving you an extra 4% beer for a space saving of ~1%.
Ok, 1%, no big deal.
Now do it the other way. Increase the width of the box by ~11.6%, and pack in a 6-5 hexagonal formation.
Now you can place an extra 4 cans of beer into the box, giving you an extra ~17% beer for a space saving of ~5%.
If you use the (less common) 8 x 6 = 48 square packing, you can actually place 2 extra cans in without even changing the shape of the box:
And that's if you use rectangular boxes. If you use hexagonal boxes, you save 10% on a 19-hex formation, 8% on 7-hex and 11% on 37-hex
Here's the numbers:
Now multiply that by every crate of beer in the world and it adds up. Fuel costs for transport would be the same, as the weight of one can of beer is the same, but the land costs for storage would make a difference.
With hexagonal boxes you would lose some efficiency at the edges of the (always rectangular) truck / warehouse they're stored in, depending on its size and shape, but this could be reduced by using hexoid (elongated hexagonal) boxes.
The efficiency of hexagonal packing has been known for thousands of years.
But we don't use hexagonal packing. We use square packing.
In this case, not only is there no rational or logical reason to use a square formation, there is a very very good reason not to use it.
No law, equation or formula in mathematics or physics can explain this.
Square packing of cylindrical objects is used because it fits into the mind of every person in the chain from manufacturing to retail.
Rectangular arrays are easier to count, and the problem of fitting hexagonal boxes into non-hexagonal things would counteract any strictly gained efficiency. Look, you can give all the examples you like, but you still haven't addressed any of our counterpoints.
The Bear's Key
Not always. It depends on the person. But you're right, it can take more advanced skill to build with circles than to use straight lines and corners.
Also when people think of futuristic cars, houses, etc, they usually picture imagine curves for elegance and technological greatness.
Futuristic design.
Comfortable architecture.
But funny enough (when drawing), our preferred shapes tend to depends on the stage of life we're at. Give a toddler crayons, and we'll often see more circles than right angles.
(Visual reminders.
http://www.bartelart.com/arted/wallscribblers.html
http://www.artsz.org/child-art
http://blog.bolandbol.com/drawing-as-it-develops/circles-and-coloring-books-a-mistake
Did you notice how some kids will draw more edges and straighter lines than others? But nonetheless, circular scribbles remain the norm)
Straight and right angles is cheaper to plan/build, good enough for the masses and heavy transportation, perhaps. Why spend unnecessarily on the lower class?..goes the thinking. Anyone with enough money residing in the little suburbs-type neighborhoods often have lots of bending streets -- no grid, more like a handful of noodles curving randomly with barely any outlets.
We find circular examples too.
Roman-ball and hockey
Duck-Duck-Goose and marbles
Sumo wrestling, golf, and racetrack events
Cricket and the Roman Coliseum
The ancient games seemed to use circles a lot more -- and if true, it weakens your case for inherent bias towards right angles.
Again, the masses. Kids learn print before cursive, in Western nations at least -- it might be different in Eastern languages (hopefully we're going back to teaching cursive -- before print -- as it's seeming that children master associated skills better with cursive). Point is, the rigid lines of capitalization might not be an inborn preference, but a holdover font style intended for printing machines which couldn't do cursive.
Regardless, I disagree that we inherently prefer right angles. Take a look at the ancient discoveries (the wheel, pi, and fire), variables that history seems to emphasize as more important to our achievments than the right angle.....which happens to be only a partial circle, or 1/4 to be exact -- so not coincidentally, perhaps, all the variables share a trait: curviness. (fire included )
I see more right angles than instances of 120 degrees.
That's not a fact.
Women, and their curves, are even more popular to interact with. Curvy sports vehicles too.
A much simpler way to maximize efficiency?
-- Use square cans. However, it's likely been thought of, and maybe didn't go over too well.
I'll leave you with some pics to glance at.
Spherical construction (above) often does look more elegant than right angles.
...but straight lines and corners look just as (or more) elegant when done good.
Pics of circular stairs
http://lefflandscape.com/pix/feature-images/masonry/Circular-steps-sm.jpg
http://www.cityofsound.com/photos/swiss_cottage_library/swisscottage_stairs2.jpg
http://www.scrapbookscrapbook.com/DAC-ART/images/spiral-stairs/spiral-stairs-cambridge-england-1.jpg
http://www.arundelfenceanddeck.com/images/showcase/small_stone%20steps%20(1).jpg
In my opinion, those look better than many of their straighter counterparts.
John Cuthber
Chemistry Expert
Resident Experts
So far as I can tell you can't have an angle ( whether it's 90 degrees or something elde) without havig two straight lines so the simplest unit of spatial thought might be the straight line. But hang on, you can't have a straight line without defining it as the shortest path between two points so the point must be even more fundamental than the line.
Alos, on the graph plotting front, using axes at 90 degrees makes use of the fact thatt he two coordinates are orthogonal in the matematical sense- you can vary one without varing the other.
Mation
Bravo! You are very entertaining
on the graph plotting front, using axes at 90 degrees makes use of the fact thatt he two coordinates are orthogonal in the matematical sense- you can vary one without varing the other.
Don't overstate your case, pyxxo. You ask some really good questions, so it would be a shame if people got distracted by (correctly) rebutting details that aren't integral if the concept is sound.
lakmilis
ok... will go back and read all the fancy imagery postd after post 1.. but WHY right angle you say? Well , right angles (orthogonalism is inherently how we could sub divide the prima materia.. the perceivable world.. i.e. the world defined by our 5 exoteric senses given we are not disabled), give us the way to ddivide it further into its 3 constituents... HEY .. welcome mathematics (geometry modelling). Why does it happen to be 90 and not 120 or 213? Well.. this is because of the solar system.. sun and moon... the good ol' Babylonians divided the year into 360 days and also did that to the repeating pattern.. which the circle represented... voila.. out came the 90 degrees being 360/4.
Nothing revolutionary there kid, in fact.. if we would meet aliens somewhere... giving ANY description in terms of ' degrees' would be localised to our planet and its solar system... any smart geometer (cheers ajb), would never attempt to explain our angles and divisions in angles in this method, but with PI. or radians... PI is universal.. babylonioan angles are local to tellus.
If I told a pink dotted alpha centurian.. hey.. look a circle is divided into 60 degrees.. I would not just have a lingual problem, but a semantic problem as hell.. he would never agree... but if I so neatly started developing our common translation with taking a diameter of a circle.. then putting it around the cirumference and then wrote [MATH] /pi [/MATH] , he would go OH YEAH.. im with you on that one.. we call it donkeyballs (as an example, replace donkeyballs with predatorian sign language if you wish).
circle divided into 360 sorry. /pi = \pi
Bees, if they could make plots would also use 90 degrees.
Why would they? Look at the physical world the bees create.
With stunning regularity, over and over, they (and some wasp species) create the angle of 120 degrees. Nowhere do they make 90 degrees.
Incidentally, the 90 degrees is also found in nature: It is the angle between a flat surface of water and the direction of gravity. (Agreed, there is some rounding off here - the earth is not exactly round).
As mentioned, true right angles so favored by humans, rarely appear in nature. For gravity to be involved there must be a rendering of the line, for instance, a perfectly fluid trickle of water from a stream, or a tree growing upwards. In most of these cases the right angle is negated by such curves as the roots of the tree, the uneveness of the surrounding ground, the surface tension of the water.
The right angle does exist in nature in the form of crystals.
The square grid exists in exactly zero places in the entire natural known universe.
This makes it as unnatural as the airplane and the microchip.
Also, right angles occur in many places in physics (for example the Lorentz force - it wouldn't become 85 degrees if we changed our definition).
Lorentz force: when a wire is moved at right angles through an electric current, the wire will experience a small force at right angles to both.
This depends on the magnetic field moving at right angles to the wire (or vice versa). If you move the magnetic field at a diagonal angle to the wire, the Lorentz force will also be diagonal.
Look at the diagram; simply move the magnetic field (blue B) at an angle to the wire, and the resultant force (red F) will be diagonal.
The orthogonality of the natural force depends on an orthogonal human input.
Kyrisch:
I'll explain it another way:
90º trigonometry compensates for 90º because it's dependent on 90º
120º trigonometry would compensate for 120º because it's dependent on 120º
57.296º trigonometry would compensate for 57.296º because it's dependent on 57.296º
120º trigonometry would not compensate for 90º because it's not dependent on 90º
Calculating sin/cos/tan values is not simple. There is no easy straight formula for calculating sin for an arbitrary angle. The ancient greeks used square root algorithms; computers use infinite series derived from Taylor's theorem. Both are computationally expensive. If you want a lot of precision, you must perform a lot of calculations. There is nothing pretty, beautiful or natural about high-precision infinite series calculation for an arbitrary angle.
Further to the equations given in my previous posts, rather than 120º a simpler angle to use would be 30º so now sin30(A) = 2 * sin90(A) which removes the square root of the 120º formula.
To calculate sin30(A) to your desired precision, simply multiply the infinite series above by 2.
This is far far simpler than the conventional trigonometric method of dealing with a scalene triangle, which is to separate the triangle into two right angle triangles, and perform two expensive calculations.
Given an angle and a distance, the cartesian system must use such expensive trigonometric computations in solutions. The polar coordinate system has angle and distance built in as its default variables.
Trigonometry wasn't invented by people
Regardless of how many natural distances, motions or forces trigonometry describes, there is only one place trigonometry, defined as the study of triangles, exists, and that is in the minds of humans.
Let me break it down for you:
Fire -> exists in nature -> discovery
wheel -> does not exist in nature -> invention
right angle -> exists in nature -> discovery
square grid -> does not exist in nature -> invention
force of gravity - > exists in nature -> discovery
line drawn on paper to represent gravity -> does not exist in nature -> invention
performing trigonometrical calculations on paper -> does not exist in nature -> invention
Trigonometry is indeed very successful at describing the motions of the planets in cartesian space. Now look at two naturally orbiting bodies, and show me where the right angles are. Circular motions in a 2D plane are better described using polar coordinates.
The reason that 90º is such a prevalent constant in the identities because it corresponds to a rotation, again relating back to the fact that dimensions are defined (and are so because the math is simplest) to be orthogonal to each other.
If you are describing right angle shapes, then yes orthogonal axes are optimum.
If you are describing the circle, which is found in many places in nature (the pupil of the eye), polar coordinates are simpler.
In the right angle world, the equation for the unit circle is an ugly and complex x² + y² = 1
In the polar world, it is simply r(θ) = 1
Archimedes spiral, described in the right angle cartesian world, is a cumbersome and lengthy
y = x tan ( √ (x² + y²) / a )
In polar coordinates it is simply r(θ) = a + bθ
And guess what, kids, the spiral appears in many natural formations (spiral galaxies, hurricanes) and in organic lifeforms (snail shells).
Other organic forms such as the helix and basic flower shapes are easier to represent in polar coordinates
All the massive variation in natural life on earth has produced no true right angles, and no square grid.
Right here they do. You see it within the honeycombs? The 90s angles outnumber the 120s. The 90s even look slightly more precise.
That seems to have merit. However, remember there's a difference between calculations made on paper and the trigonometrical components existing in nature. The only reason it's done on paper is for ease.
You're correct it's in the human mind, though. But it couldn't be if the foundation for it didn't exist in nature.
Our method of systemizing the calculation of its variables does reside in the mind, but those actual variables do exist in nature, otherwise we couldn't identify them.
Pyxxo, I will say it again: Address the points.
If all you have is repeatedly stating your opinion and posting pictures then this thread is going to end up being locked. I am moving it into the P&S forum until you provide something more robust than speculation about what sort of graph bees would draw.
If you look back, you will see that prior to this post, I have quoted and addressed the points no less than 13 times. I will continue to address the other points.
Here is some evidence from anthropology:
- a series of rectangular grids, painted on the wall of a cave in Lascaux in France, 17,000 years ago.
Up to this point, the entire world community of anthropologists have failed to provide any explanation for these symbols.
Feel free to offer your own explanation for this.
The animal figures painted on the wall are explained by existence in nature. Likewise, series of dots have been explained as star maps.
These right angle symbols predate mathematics, written language, metal tools, pottery vessels, the wheel and agriculture.
As mentioned, the square grid exists in exactly zero places in the entire natural known universe. This shows that the right angle grid was a fixation of the human mind since at least 17,000 years ago, and cannot be explained by any natural component.
Now, some more of the points:
And furthermore, your logic is faulty due to a huge and obvious fallacy of accident. There are plenty of curves in human engineering, from all sorts of recreational balls to lightbulbs to clocks to knobs to wheels.
Agreed, there are many many curved objects in human creation.
Many of which can be explained by necessity or some natural component.
The clock: this comes from the sundial, where the sun's shadow traced a curved line over a day's sunlight. This explains why clocks are 12 hours, even though a day is 24 hours. Further, a clockwork hand traces a circular path.
The wheel / the ball: cubes don't roll. Square wheels don't roll. Sounds obvious? It took the human race 6,000 years of wheel-less toil during the agricultural revolution before we finally figured it out in 3700 BC.
Lightbulb: spheroid due to the vacuum; square or hexagonal glass would be stronger at the corners and weaker at the sides. Further, the corners would produce ugly shadows.
The wheel, the clock, and the lightbulb are all late inventions.
The human use of the right angle, and the invention of the square grid predates these by many tens of millennia.
And you may argue that this is because such things necessitate a spherical shape in order to function -- well, so do all those things composed of right angles!
This is exactly my point - too many right angle formations keep showing up where they are unnecessary, and/or other shapes are more efficient or suitable: cf. the periodic table, square packing of food/drink cylinders, trigonometry, sports pitches.
If laptop screens were not square, they would not be able to fold efficiently over
Triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, trapezoidal, rhombic, capital-D shaped, or pretty much any shape laptop with one straight edge for a hinge, would fold over just fine.
if computer keys were not square, they would have bad packing efficiency
As mentioned, hexagons have the best packing efficiency
if rooms were not rectangular, it would be difficult to put furniture in them in any efficient way -- flat sides go well against flat sides.
Hexagons and triangles have flat sides.
Any angle other than 90º (such as 120º) would cause oblique sides and awkward furniture arrangement. Curved surfaces would be even worse.
Furniture with 120º corners would be fine in a room with 120º. Any angle fits neatly into another object of the same angle. Look at these 'less than' characters: <<
The first thing is that no living space is simply a rectangle packed full to the brim with other rectangles. There are spaces to walk around, and rectangular furniture is regularly arranged so that gaps appear.
Eg. a CRT TV is quite often placed diagonally in the corner (although newer LCDs fit nicely flat on the wall), and 3-seater and 2-seater couches are usually placed at right angles arm to arm, creating a gap in the corner which is harder to access.
The general feel of a living room full of say, 6 people talking, is circular, around the center of the room. People don't naturally line up at right angles to each other when congregating.
Non-congruent rectangles don't necessarily tile without gaps, i.e., given a random assortment of rectangles of different sizes and shapes, they may not necessarily pack into a larger enclosing rectangle.
why are our roads often at 90 degrees? Because that minimizes the road surface, while optimizing the surface for buildings. 90 degrees is not an arbitrary choice. It's a logical choice that follows from calculations/optimizations and also sometimes from nature itself.
Çatalhöyük, an ancient settlement in Anatolia dated to 7,000BC, used cuboid bricks and roughly rectangular buildings. Yet it had no streets at all. The buildings were stacked beside each other; the door was a hole in the roof.
Even that long ago, the right angle building was within the very fabric of human society, before the invention of the street itself.
This shows a human fixation with right angle buildings that is completely devoid of the concept of roads.
Rectangular arrays are easier to count
Rhombic arrays count and multiply exactly the same as rectangular arrays.
and the problem of fitting hexagonal boxes into non-hexagonal things would counteract any strictly gained efficiency.
Ok, assuming you ignore the hexagonal boxes - and just use hex-in-rectangle boxes. These boxes pack exactly the same into rectangular trucks, warehouses etc.
Further to the figures given above, here's the top 10 most efficient hex-in-rectangle packing formations for 48 or less cans:
So the 28-can 6-5 formation given previously is beaten by a 23-can 8-7 and a 26-can 9-8 with 5.23% and 5.74% respectively better than square packing.
If you want smaller boxes, here's the best formations for boxes of 20 or less:
Again, there is no rational reason for humans not to use the more efficient hex-in-rectangle packing. And, indeed, we already use it to pack 20 cigarattes into a rectangular box in a 7-6-7 formation, which is 4.58% more efficient than square packing.
The industry doesn't seem to have any trouble counting those hexagonal arrays.
Go ahead and explain why the food/drink industry does not take advantage of this efficiency.
Edited April 15, 2009 by pyxxo
added line at the end
Meson
A perpendicular support experiences less shear force than the slanted supports. It also uses less material. It's a better engineering design.
That staircase image caught my eye so I'm picking on that one example. I haven't read your entire post(s). You've obviously put a lot of thought into this. I'm looking forward to reading it.
I have seen plenty of stairs which are more or less like the second case shown.
It's common for the riser to be set back from the edge of the step when using timber.
Like these.
http://www.blocklayer.com/stairs/
But with concrete the design is pretty much pyxxo's second diagram.
http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.builderbill-diy-help.com/image-files/st-concr.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.builderbill-diy-help.com/formwork-stairs.html&usg=__VMrFpT-1CjqSBKn_UGXlOccuk7o=&h=364&w=484&sz=24&hl=en&start=16&um=1&tbnid=usDrpgKF9xWl9M:&tbnh=97&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dconcrete%2Bstairs%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4GGLJ_en%26um%3D1
Also, a bee hive has a stack of hexagonal tubes, but they have a nearly flat face. That face is at right angles to the axes of all the tubes. There are, therefore, plenty of right angles in bee hives.
That's true b/c the concrete stairwell is a solid block, in which case shear force is nullified. It's all compressive force, which is where the true strength of concrete lies.
I was considering the cases in which the interior is hollow and the structure is built with wood. Like the stairs in/around most homes.
Good point, though.
pyxxo,
What exactly is your hypothesis? That's what I'm looking for, a simple statement so that I know what we're arguing for or against.
Anyway, I can think of plenty of right angles that exist in nature. Here are two categories.
1) Right angles occur in chemical bonds
2) There are several perpendicular relationships among charged particles passing through magnetic fields.
Grids in nature. I'd have to think more about this one.
Reiteration: Could you please state your hypothesis?
Edited April 19, 2009 by MM6
Consecutive posts merged.


text:
extern void init_game_malloc();
extern char* game_malloc(int size);
extern void game_free(int size);
extern void show_game_malloc_totals();
extern void dump_game_malloc();

extern char* malloc_ptr;
extern int malloc_used;
extern int malloc_free;
extern int script_malloc_size;
extern char* malloc_buffer;
extern int malloc_size;

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Callum McLelland set for spell on sideline
Callum Walker November 20, 2021 mode_comment0
Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on WhatsApp Share on LinkedIn Share on E-mail
Callum McLelland is back at Castleford Tigers after a few years away at Leeds Rhinos and Scotland Rugby Union.
The 22-year-old made just 11 appearances in his three seasons at Leeds, with two loan deals at Featherstone Rovers yielding more games than his entire career at Headingley.
However, when given a chance by Leeds Rhinos boss Richard Agar, the halfback suffered a cruel patella tendon injury that ended his season prematurely.
Lee Radford provides Castleford injury update as three confirmed to miss the start of the season
Rating the Super League clubs on their recent success in bringing through young players
Richard Agar hints at promotion for this Championship side
Six new signings set to debut for Castleford Tigers
And, his agent, Craig Harrison – also responsible for the player agency Show Me The Money UK – has revealed just when McLelland is expected to be back in the fray for the Tigers.
"He will be back in April or May time but he will be back stronger than ever," Harrison revealed on The Full Eighty Minutes.
"With poor old Callum he needs to get a coach that believes in him and needs to be playing regularly and then we will see the best of him."
Harrison was also keen to stress that young players need backing from their coaches.
"We can't see the best of these young players until we find a coach that needs them and a system that they can play in.
"So, please Cas, he is back there and I hope they give him a chance to play 10, 15 games when he is back fit."


through Sump 3 at the Peña Colorada. Multiple sherpa trips carrying loads such as this were required to support pushes on more remote sumps. Seige logistics meant an equipment pyramid: on the final push the team began the effort with 72 scuba tanks. At each sump, some tanks, and people, had to be left behind while the lead divers (and their support teams) proceeded forward. Ultimately, only 5 tanks reached Sump 7 for the final push.
Sump 7: The Ultimate Speleological Obstacle. Noel Sloan is shown here descending the 55 meter (180 foot) freefall drop leading directly into Sump 7, the most remote underwater tunnel discovered in the Cueva de la Peña Colorada. Despite significant attempts to locate a bypass, exploration efforts began here in April of 1984 with Bill Stone (supported by Bob Jefferys) making a solo exploration of the sump. Stone reached a depth of 43 meters (140 feet) where he turned around on air limits at the beginning of a large horizontal gallery, headed north towards Sistema Huautla. Two weeks later, John Zumrick and Clark Pitcairn extended the line to a distance of 165 meters from dive base at 55 meters water depth. The tunnel still continues as an 8x13 meter canyon. A 7°C temperature drop from the surface of Sump 7 to the main horizontal gallery suggests that the active "Main Drain" flow of Sistema Huautla was reached during this effort.
Rob Parker transporting gear through Sump 5 (140 meters long). Inside the duffel were food supplies, carbide, and climbing gear needed at Camp 2. Sleeping bags, hammocks, and cook gear had already been transported through by Bob Jefferys, Clark Pitcairn, Noel Sloan, and John Zumrick.
Clark Pitcairn (left) and Gary Storrick prepare for the original exploration dive in Sump 2 in late February 1984. The tanks are the novel fully overwrapped composite design first used during the 1981 Agua de Cerro Expedition. Weighing only 23 pounds full (105 cubic feet of breathing gas) they provided a huge advantage for transport over rugged air-filled terrain - which comprised 80% of the passages in the Peña Colorada. The valving system provided for dual regulators and the ability to isolate either tank from the system during the course of a dive. This design, developed by John Zumrick and Bill Stone, was the precursor to many of the modern dual valve manifolds used today.
Spartan Outpost: Left to Right: Bob Jefferys, Rob Parker, and Noel Sloan work on a humble meal of freeze dried food at Camp 2, 4.2 kilometers from the entrance and beyond six sumps comprising a kilometer of underwater travel. Camp 2 was occupied for 7 days during the 1984 expedition. Only the clothes worn under each person's wetsuits were taken beyond Camp 1. Just 20 meters beyond this camp lies "Sherwood Shaft," the 55-meter pit leading down to Sump 7.


text:
Addiction Counselor Graduate Programs
On-campus Master's Degree
Addiction Studies Articles
CARES Funding Report PDF
HEERF Grant Funding Report PDF
Schedule a Zoom Call
Our Graduate School
Licensure Information by State
Retention and Employment Rates
Visit With Us
Tuition, Scholarships, and Financial Aid
Financial Aid and Federal Loans
Attend Alumni Association Presentations
Hazelden Betty Ford Graduate School of Addiction Studies
We set the standard in quality by offering master's degree programs that prepare you for a career as an addiction and mental health counselor
Both of our addiction counseling programs are based in addiction studies and the treatment of substance use disorders, but also include intensive coursework and emphases on mental health and co-occurring disorders. This integrated approach reflects best practices in health care to treat substance use disorders and related conditions with a comprehensive counseling approach.
Accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, a regional accreditation agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education, and the National Addiction Studies Accreditation Commission (NASAC), the Hazelden Betty Ford Graduate School of Addiction Studies upholds the highest standards of academic excellence and professional competence.
Our blend of evidence-based coursework and clinical practicums gives you the coveted opportunity to learn from recognized experts at the nation's leading nonprofit addiction treatment center, the Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation.
The Hazelden Betty Ford Graduate School of Addiction Studies educates future leaders in addiction counseling who provide evidence-based integrated care for substance use and co-occurring disorders.
Why choose the Hazelden Betty Ford Graduate School of Addiction Studies?
Our Graduate School has a distinct and singular focus: training addiction counselors who will lead the treatment and recovery field. The Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation has been preparing our graduate students to work in the field of substance abuse counseling for more than 50 years.
As a student in our accredited addiction studies programs, you will benefit from low student-to-faculty ratios. The Hazelden Betty Ford Graduate School's world-class faculty members bring first-hand knowledge from years of clinical experience, research, and teaching, ensuring that our students get the most out of our innovative curricula. All of our full-time faculty members hold doctoral degrees, the highest degree attainable in their field.
Addiction treatment centers across the nation recruit our graduates. Hear what one employer has to say about our addiction counselor graduates.
Connect with the Hazelden Betty Ford
Which Addiction Counselor Graduate Program Is Right for You?
On-Campus Program
Completing our Master's in Addiction Counseling program will prepare you to most-effectively help people with addiction and co-occurring mental health disorders.
If you're considering an addiction counseling degree and developing your career in the field of addiction studies, you should consider a flexible learning option.
Continue your education, sharpen your professional skills and launch your career forward with one of our graduate-level courses or professional certificates.
Once you make the decision to apply for admission to the Hazelden Betty Ford Graduate School of Addiction Studies, we are here to ensure the graduate program admissions process goes as smoothly for you as possible.
The Hazelden Betty Ford Graduate School of Addiction Studies provides a quality education with exceptional training and knowledge of evidence-based practices in addiction treatment and recovery.
Financial Aid Opportunities
From federal loans and private loans to grants and scholarships to veteran's benefits, explore the financial aid opportunities available to our students.
Learn more about the Hazelden Betty Ford Graduate School of Addiction Studies and get answers to the most frequently-asked questions about our Graduate School and programs.
Explore our upcoming events, open houses and more. Our virtual events offer you the opportunity to connect with students, alumni, faculty and staff from the comfort of your own home. Our on-campus open house events are held at either our Center City, Minnesota location or our St. Paul, Minnesota location.
Highlights of our Open House:
Catch up on the latest news at the Graduate School
Meet the faculty and staff who will provide you with individual support while pursuing your degree
Talk with current students about courses, internships and life as a student
Learn about our on-campus program with courses in St. Paul and Center City, as well as our online program
Review our admission guidelines—no GRE required!
Hear from alumni about licensure and working in the field
Tour our Hazelden Betty Ford campuses in Center City or St. Paul, Minnesota
Open Houses and Events
Welcome to your Alumni Association
The alumni association of the Hazelden Betty Ford Graduate School of Addiction Studies is committed to cultivating a lifelong relationship between the school and our alumni, fostering camaraderie among certificate, graduate and training program student alumni. The association supports the mission of the Hazelden Betty Ford Graduate School of Addiction Studies and, in doing so, affords all alumni opportunities for continued professional development, networking and scholarship. The association sponsors reunions, events and mentoring opportunities.
Need help choosing the right degree program? We're here to help. Contact us to speak with an admissions specialist, or apply today.
Learn more about our mission, vision and goals.
For Information, Call: 1-651-213-4175
Have a question or need help getting started?


SOCCER IN CORK: The Paddy Long Cup? Can you help find it?
The Long family are trying to locate a memorial cup ( called the Paddy Long Cup after the ex Wembley player). "Last time we think it was played was about 15 years ago and Barney Long and Tommy Long presented it to Avondale who beat a Cork City select side. Any help would be much appreciated."


text:
The Call of the Wild short summary & analysis
Visitors (6.7) Editorial (7.5)
Web (7.4) Stores (8)
Amazon.com Barnes&Noble Books-A-Million ThriftBooks Google.com
Categories:Classics, Action & Adventure
The Call of the Wild Analysis
The Call of the Wild takes place at a time when wolves are seen with some changes in their hair. The history of a strong, imagined dog, from which the traps are broken and the animals are being stolen are told. When they are stuck in the ice when they are sledding in the poles, they must run around the fire as their hair was about to burn to avoid dying, or they have no choice but to wait for their frosting to discharge all the blood. It is the only way of survival for dogs in the face of a tame dog being more hateful than a wolf. The biggest witness to this is Buck.
While reading the book with a background in the search for gold, it goes from mastery to slavery; you will take a journey with a sociological side. Each time, you will not believe that the most lethal side of this bloody journey and cold is human ambitions with scenes full of human cruelty and ambition.
The Call of the Wild Short Summary
The dog, who is sold as a house dog and is engaged in various circumstances, may seem to be because of the wild nature conditions, but it will be much more painful when met with people. They are trained with a stick. He feels his helplessness in the face of a stick. Until the first man ripped off his carotid artery... And then John Tornton's killers don't even have the pleasure of playing with the victim in the face of death.
The dog Buck's all aggression is nothing but loyalty to the owner and his urge to live. Difficult conditions in winter and people starving the dogs will change them in time.
He goes into a battle of leadership with an aggressive dog named Spitz when he is deported to the mail cradle. Because the dogs cannot eat enough; Dogs who eat fast can eat the food of others. They're afraid of a dog named Spitz, they never make any noise. Because he is the leader of the herd and to this day he is the unbeaten dog. He sees Buck as a rival and threatens his food and place. Every time he growls, he doesn't do anything. Someday Buck's going into his nest under the snow will change things. Buck wounding Spitz with fake moves will make him go away. Since then, he is now a leader.
The Call of the Wild has some very cruel parts at times. Buck 's owners cut off their heads with an ax because they are not eating enough food and they are weak. It is not appropriate for children to read this book in periods when it is difficult to perceive death as a concept. You must be at least in high school to read this book, because of the gruesome parts. After John Tornton, he and Buck crosses paths. Buck's owner falls to the ground when the he tries to separate the fight. Buck protects him. Buck, who earns a bet later, sets out for gold and death with the drive of victory, which attracts him and his owner.
In this time, Buck is transformed into a monster that is used to killing. Comes to the power to kill rabbits and other animals. Sometimes he plays with his prey as a toy. As the dogs who died due to cold, he almost want them to suffer...
Then he hears a sound. This voice is Call of the Wild. It comes from the depths of the forest. His eyes are visible and hidden in the dark at the same time. He hears this voice even more so when death turns a gentle cat into a killer. It is the voice of a future that has been erased from your memories. Coming from the deep and he cannot stop, Buck learnt this sound from the mankind. He learns from a master who has an eye to eye law to which a weak person with a stick is killed. He has to go through death, and near death many times.
The journey to the bottom is unknown, but Buck is the day to show loyalty. Tornton is attacked. Buck kills some of those who attack him. Buck's in the woods. And there remains of a legend left behind to the reader.
Although the divine narrator tells the reader to kill the curiosity, you find yourself in an idyllic picture. You impressively read the battle for a sociological life in which the cold and human ambitions are criticized in a subtle way. The adventure offered to the reader in sections has many memorable memories.
Jack London Martin Eden The Call of the Wild White Fang List of Books The Importance of Being Ernest To Have and Have Not In Dubious Battle The BFG (Big Friendly Giant) The House of Paper The Snows of Kilimanjaro Choke The Education of Little Tree The New Atlantis Me Before You Everything, Everything Out of My Mind The Boy in the Striped Pajamas A Midsummer Night's Dream Bartleby, The Scrivener The Glass Castle Beloved Gulliver's Travels The Old Curiosity Shop Heart of Darkness Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea Martin Eden Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl Life on the Mississippi A Farewell to Arms The Sound and the Fury Annabel Lee The Diaries of Adam and Eve The Prince and the Pauper Othello Brave New World Breakfast at Tiffany's Lord of the Flies The Green Mile Man in the Iron Mask The Fault in Our Stars Frankenstein Silas Marner Man's Search for Meaning Why Nations Fail Planet of the Apes Romeo and Juliet Hard Times The Secret of Letting Go Tuck Everlasting A House at the Bottom of a Lake The Call of the Wild A Christmas Carol Dead Poets Society Macbeth Utopia Hamlet Emma The Idiot Anna Karenina Moby Dick Don Quixote To Kill a Mockingbird The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Dracula Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Crime and Punishment War and Peace The Little Prince My Left Foot Fahrenheit 451 The Old Man and the Sea Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Jonathan Livingston Seagull White Fang The Kite Runner The Count of Monte Cristo Journey to the Centre of the Earth The Three Musketeers Treasure Island David Copperfield The Picture of Dorian Gray The Happy Prince Pride and Prejudice The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Wuthering Heights Oliver Twist The Art of War Adventures of Huckleberry Finn A Tale of Two Cities Animal Farm The Pearl The Grapes of Wrath Bird Box Little Women Robinson Crusoe The Girl on the Train Jane Eyre The Great Gatsby Fear (Angst) Of Mice and Men
© 2022 MyBookSummaries


Included: all patients who were scanned are included in this indicator.
For patients newly arriving at hospital, the time between clock start and scan is the difference between the date and time of arrival (Q 1.13) and the date and time of scan (Q 2.4).
For patients already in hospital at the time of their stroke (Q 1.10 is 'Yes'), the time between clock start and scan is the difference between the date and time of symptom onset (Q 1.11) and the date and time of scan (Q 2.4).
Cohort median: To find the median time, all the times between clock start and scan need to be listed from smallest to largest. The median is then the number in the middle of this list.
Patient A arrived (clock start) at hospital at 12:57 on Tuesday. They were scanned at 13:18 that same day. Patient A's time from clock start to scan was 0:21.
Patient B arrived (clock start) at hospital at 09:15 on Friday. They were scanned at 10:16 that same day. Patient B's time from clock start to scan was 1:01.
Patient C arrived (clock start) at hospital at 13:08 on Sunday. They were not scanned so are excluded.
Patient D arrived (clock start) at hospital at 07:00 on Friday. They were scanned at 07:38 that same day. Patient D's time from clock start to scan was 0:38.
Patient E arrived (clock start) at hospital at 03:15 on Monday. They were scanned at 04:47 that same day. Patient E's time from clock start to scan was 1:32.
Patient F arrived (clock start) at hospital at 23:33 on Friday. They were scanned at 00:03 on Saturday. Patient F's time from clock start to scan was 0:30.
The cohort median is 0 hours 38 minutes.
How should inpatients with two stroke occurrences be recorded?


Rustoleum Hard Hat Galva Plus Silver 2120 is a fast drying zinc/aluminium coating which contains pure zinc and aluminium as pigment to give a gloss appearance. Ideal for touch-up of galvanised steel surfaces in a single coat in industrial and corrosive environments.
Similar look to new galvanized steel.
For new, bare, rust free metal or galvanised steel.
Ideal for touching-up of new galvanised steel.
Resists 310 hours of salt spray testing (DIN).
Heat-resistant up to 150 degrees C.
To handle after 1 hour (at 20 degrees C).


text:
Home > Entertainment > Dabangg 3: Chulbul Pandey & Bali Singh are set for High Octane Face Off
Dabangg 3: Chulbul Pandey & Bali Singh are set for High Octane Face Off
Chulbul vs Balli in Dabangg 3 will be the biggest rivalry ever! Here's a sneak peek!
EntertainmentBollywoodHot News
By Cheena Khanna On Dec 11, 2019
Salman Khan and Sonakshi Sinha starrer 'Dabangg 3' is all set to hit the big screens soon. The makers too are raising the excitement level to a new high. After sharing some amazing songs and BTS videos they are out with a dialogue promo. With less than ten days for the release of Chulbul Pandey's Dabangg 3, the makers have released yet another video from the movie giving the fans a glimpse into the rivalry between Chulbul Pandey and Balli Singh.
The makers took to social media to share the video with the caption, "Chulbul Pandey and Bali Singh are all set for the decade's biggest fight… #BeingChulbul.
The video shows the intensity of the rivalry between Salman Khan's Chulbul Pandey and Kichcha Sudeep's Balli Singh. The video is a small teaser of just how big the action will be in Dabangg 3.
Dabangg 3' is the third film the Dabangg franchise and stars Salman Khan, Sonakshi Sinha, Arbaaz Khan and Kicha Sudeep in the lead roles. Dabangg 3 will mark the Bollywood debut of Mahesh Manjrekar's daughter Saiee Manjrekar.
The film has been directed by Prabhu Deva and produced by Salma Khan, Arbaaz Khan and Nikhil Dwivedi under the banner of Salman Khan Films and is slated to release on 20th December, this year.
On the work front, Salman Khan will next be seen in Radhe: Your Most Wanted Bhai. The movie that will hit the screens on Eid will also feature Jackie Shroff, Randeep Hooda and Disha Patani in pivotal roles.
Also Read: The makers of Dabangg 3 share BTS video of the making of Naina Lade
Dabangg 3FeaturedSalman KhanSudeep
Cheena Khanna
Worked as a teacher, but was born a movie buff. So, followed my passion and love for Salman Khan. Ended up being an entertainment reporter for The Live Mirror. What more do you want?
Rocket League Unveils New Arena for Lucky Lanterns Event
Kiccha Sudeep to receive the Dada Saheb Phalke International…


PAWTUCKET – In just 13 months, Ricky Delossantos has established himself as one of the top up-and-coming super featherweight boxers in the region.
It took the former Tolman High basketball and baseball standout (pictured) that little time to put together a 5-0 record, and that mark includes his first career knockout, a third-round stoppage of Efren Nunez of New Bedford on Feb. 23, and a convincing four-round unanimous-decision victory in his last fight on May 11 over James Early of Washington, D.C.
Delossantos, who has fought all his fights at the Twin River Event Center, has impressed local fight fans with his performances. He's also impressed the folks at Classic Entertainment & Sports, Inc., because earlier last month, he was one of CES's four fighters who was re-signed by the promotional company to a long-term deal.
And that's not all. CES is giving Delossantos an opportunity to step in the ring for his first six-round fight on Friday in the latest installment of the 2018 Twin River Fight Series at the Lincoln casino. Delossantos will oppose Jose Ortiz (3-3-2, 1 KO) of Jersey City, N.J.
Delossantos, a 2017 graduate of Tolman who began his pro career at the age of 27, talked about his good fortune last Thursday afternoon and expressed how thrilled he was to earn a new contract with CES.
A couple of Delossantos' most memorable moments of 2017 were his unanimous-decision victories over two Massachusetts fighters, Philip Davis and Jonathan Perez, and of course, he kicked off this year with his stoppage of Nunez, which saw Delossantos deliver a barrage of unanswered punches that forced the fight to be halted with 37 seconds left in the third round.
Next up for Delossantos is his first six-round test against a tough opponent who has just one loss in his last five fights and experience in fighting six-rounders, but the Pawtucket fighter is ready for the challenge.
Delossantos, who trains at 401 Boxing in Cranston, also praised his trainer, Orlando Valles, "who's been with me since day one, about seven years now," two family members who work his corner and help with his training, his uncle, Jose Castro, and his father, Rolando Delossantos, and another trainer, Jose Santos, who heads 401 Boxing and also works in his corner.
Delosantos will be one of a handful of Rhode Island boxers who will appear on Friday's card, and the list includes Smithfield super lightweight Anthony Marsella Jr., who will take a 9-0 (4 KOs) mark into his six-round battle with Brandon Berry (13-3-2, 8 KOs) of West Forks, Maine.
In the eight-round main event, Cranston super lightweight Nick DeLomba (13-2, 3 KOs), who also re-signed with CES last month, will fight for the Universal Boxing Federation (UBF) All-America championship, as he battles Chris Singleton (18-5-2, 8 KOs) of Baton Rouge, La.
Tickets for Friday's event are $47, $102, and $127 and available online at www.cesboxing.com and www.twinriver.com and by phone at 401-723-2253. Tickets can also be purchased at the Twin River Casino's Players Club.
The doors open at 6 p.m. and the first bout is scheduled for 7 p.m. Twin River has also waived its 18+ rule for the show, and anyone under the age of 18 must be accompanied by an adult and enter through the west entrance.


text:
Breaking News and Politics
Embattled Secretary Acosta on the Verge of Termination Over Backlash
February 23, 2019 Gent Comments Off on Embattled Secretary Acosta on the Verge of Termination Over Backlash
Press Secretary, Sarah Sanders, said the White House will look into the ruling of labor secretary Alexander Acosta giving Jeffrey Epstein a favorable plea bargain deal and closing the case without the victim's knowledge.
Sarah Sanders said, "My understanding is that's a very complicated case, something we're certainly looking into, but that they made the best possible decision and deal they could've gotten at that time."
A federal judge in Miami, Kenneth Mara, ruled that Acosta and his team broke the law for not telling the victim's the situation of the closed case in 2008.
Epstein was involved in sex-trafficking and had abused dozens of women, many underage on a private territory.
Epstein was convicted two counts of prostitution in 2008 and served 13 months in county jail but many thought his conviction was too light.
Mara said the deal violated the Crime Victim's Rights Act, "Particularly problematic was the Government's decision to conceal the existence of the agreement and mislead the victims to believe that federal prosecution was still a possibility."
The Justice Department's Office of Professional Responsibility announced it launched a probe deciding if U.S. attorney Acosta's actions amounted to professional misconduct.
Watch the full video of Press Secretary Sanders speaking on this situation and more
Let us know what you think in the comments below! Please share this report to social media.
VIDEO NEWS / LIVE STREAMS
PARLER EXECUTIVE SPEAKS ON CENSORSHIP
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4olotYqc1Y
Biden Unveils Shocking Stimulus Plan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBWAyZanWaM
Joe Biden DELIVERS SPEECH ON CORONAVIRUS VACCINE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIQQRYyB6oA&ab_channel=FoxNews
MAKE ONE TIME CONTRIBUTION TO GOLDEN STATE TIMES
SPONSOR Golden State Times
Contribute Below
Contribution 1 : $1.00 USD - monthly Contribution 2 : $5.00 USD - monthly Contribution 3 : $9.99 USD - monthly
TRUSTED MEDIA:
GOLDEN STATE TIMES NEWSROOM
Golden State Times Homepage
© GOLDEN STATE TIMES 2021 All Rights Reserved
This website uses cookies to provide you with the best browsing experience. Find out more about our Privacy Policy or adjust your settings so you can opt-out if you wish. Cookie settingsACCEPT Read our Privacy Policy


Every food expert will tell you that the healthiest foods are usually the freshest. But the latest beneficial food group point the fermented form. These powerhouses boost the good bacteria in your digestive tract and can help heal a multitude of health issues.
Ready to see what these (somewhat skunky) superfoods can do for you? Your opinion interest us ! If you could take 5 minutes of your time to answer this little questionnary, we would be really grateful.


text:
Raptors' DeMar DeRozan, 76ers Joel Embiid headline NBA Africa Game 2018
he National Basketball Association (NBA) and the National Basketball Players Association (NBPA) announced today that the NBA Africa Game 2018, the NBA's third game in Africa, will take place Saturday, Aug.
Cavaliers and Warriors set for historic matchup in NBA Finals 2018 presented by YouTube TV
The Cleveland Cavaliers and the Golden State Warriors will make history when they meet in the NBA Finals 2018 presented by YouTube TV, beginning with Game 1 on Thursday, May 31 at 9 p.m. ET on ABC and ESPN Radio.
NBA announces officials for the 2018 NBA Finals
The NBA today announced the list of 12 referees who will officiate the NBA Finals 2018 presented by YouTube TV.
40 players expected to attend NBA Global Camp 2018
The National Basketball Association (NBA) announced today the 40 players who are expected to attend the NBA Global Camp 2018.
NBA unveils augmented reality 360 Portals
The National Basketball Association (NBA) announced today the launch of 360 Portals.
Anthony Anderson to host 2018 NBA Awards
Turner and the NBA announced today that comedy and sports will collide as Anthony Anderson will take the helm as host for the 2018 NBA Awards on TNT presented by Kia airing Monday, June 25, with coverage beginning at 9 p.m. ET.
NBA delivers most-watched Conference Finals in six years
The NBA Conference Finals was the most-watched in six years and the second most-watched in 16 years with combined viewership across all networks (TNT, ESPN, ABC) in the United States up 40 percent vs.
Sun's Alyssa Thomas, Sparks' Chelsea Gray named WNBA Players of the Week
Alyssa Thomas of the Connecticut Sun and Chelsea Gray of the Los Angeles Sparks today were named the WNBA's Eastern and Western Conference Players of the Week.
Cavaliers' LeBron James selected to All-NBA First Team for record 12th time
Cleveland Cavaliers forward LeBron James was unanimously selected to the 2017-18 All-NBA First Team, giving him an NBA-record 12 First Team honors in his 15-year career.
Corey Brewer, Caris LeVert, Kelly Olynyk and Dwight Powell headline second Basketball Without Borders camp in India
The National Basketball Association (NBA), the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) and the Basketball Federation of India (BFI) today announced the top 66 boys and girls from 16 countries and territories who will participate in the 10th editio