text:
Is Slavery Legal In America?
While one might be shocked at the presentation of such a question about such a historically controversial subject, one might also not be worse off to simply read their Constitution of the United States…
Let's have a look at the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States:
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
So, let's break this down and comprehend what this really means:
The phrase "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted…" simply translates to –
"Slavery and involuntary servitude are illegal unless the court system (the state) makes it legal by conviction (court order).
"The state has the authority to enslave you simply by convicting you of a crime and sending you to private prison or requiring community service through state approved agencies."
Now we must understand that slavery in the United States was not legal or illegal until individual states made it so. Instead, it was just an accepted practice of common law brought over to the United States by the English settlers who were already accustomed to owning slaves. While southern states continued with their tolerance of the ownership of people (of any race or color) either through slavery or by indentured servitude (involuntary servitude), one by one the Northern states individually outlawed the practice, though this was not necessarily done by altruistic means as much as political ones.
It is very important to understand the concept of freedom in this case. The colonists that inhabited the states as individual citizens had the freedom (the right) to own slaves and to indenture others for payment of debt. This was a right.
It is also very important to understand that this right, as with all rights, was taken away from the individual people both when individual states outlawed the practice and when the Thirteenth Amendment was amended to the Constitution. Thus, the right to own slaves was turned into a privilege, and immediately revoked.
Remember, a right is God-given. It is not something that can be legislated. It is freedom without oppression. Breathing is a right.
Also remember that a privilege is not a right. A privilege is not a freedom. A privilege is a state sanctioned action, only allowable by state decree or with permission through license or legal statute. Driving is a privilege, revocable at any time by the state.
The question here is not one of moral compass or civil right, but one of individual rights compared to state authority. This is a story of the state taking rights away from individual citizens, and creating a monopoly on slavery through it's system of laws, as stated in section 2:
"Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation."
It doesn't matter what your personal opinion on the slavery issue is, it only matters that you understand that the state is now the slave owner instead of the individual citizen.
Now, let's examine the prison state that is America…
The United States population accounts for approximately 5% of the world's population.
Yet, the United States holds 25% of the worlds prisoners in its prisons.
That makes the good old U.S.A the #1 prison nation in the world!
But, you see, that also makes the U.S.A. the #1 legal slave owner in the world…
Do you remember when then Vice President Dick Cheney was indited along with Alberto Gonzalez for conflicts of interest in investing 85 million in private prisons? I guess you can't indict a slave trader if he is operating within the permissions and full support of the United States government: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQEMPdIxZcY
Another great video from 2008 about the private prison business…
PBS special report: Prisons For Profit – http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/419/video.html
Look, the politicians, courts, attorneys, lawyers, judges, and anyone else involved in this legalized human trafficking and slavery are not acting in the best interest of the people. They are simply compartmentalized cronies each contributing to a shameful slave and private prison business.
And the court system is set up to ensure a constant influx of new slaves…
What is even more disheartening is the fact that the majority of people subjected to this legalized slavery are not guilty of breaking the law, meaning they have done harm to others or their property. No, these state inducted slaves were guilty of "victimless crimes", meaning that no one or their property was hurt. This means that the state is the "victim". This means that a code, limit, statute, or other nonsensical legality (not law) was broken. This means that the government has set up a system in which it imprisons and enslaves good and innocent people for breaking its own outrageous rules. This means that for running a red light, you could become a slave too. This means that for holding up a sign in protest, you could become an involuntary servant to the government.
Private prisons do pay their prisoners (slaves) for their work, to the tune of .30 – .60 cents per hour. This is a loophole to make the private prison business the cheapest labor in America.
Now, to put this all into perspective, I would refer you to a previous post about the legalization of drugs, specifically marijuana. (https://realitybloger.wordpress.com/2010/01/31/marijuana-to-legalize-or-to-not-legalize-that-is-the-question/)
Metaphorically speaking, the legal slave trade in America works in much the same way that legalization of drugs works… where as before "pot" was just a weed that grew wherever, neither legal or illegal – but now it's an illegal drug except by government approved prescription and sanction (legal). In other words, I can obtain it with government license (state permission).
Likewise, slavery was neither legal or illegal, it just was, until individual states outlawed it. Then this "amendment" came along and made it "illegal without permission" for all states, just like pot. All you have to do is run a state approved prison (pot pharmacy) and only conduct this slavery within its walls (pot clinic/pharmacy/store) to make it legal slavery (medical marijuana). The concept to comprehend here is God's law or common law – meaning most prisoners did not break this law, which states "do not do harm to others or their property". Instead, they have committed "victimless" crimes (the STATE is the victim – like running a stop sign) which makes them eligible for slavery in private prisons per the 13th Amendment (and some of those prisoner/slaves are only guilty of smoking a joint).
Marijuana is illegal without a (state approved) doctors prescription, making it legal for state approved persons by state approved distributors.
Slavery is illegal without a judges (the STATE'S) prescription (permission), making it legal for state approved institutions to have slaves which are state approved (condemned) individuals.
I don't know how I can make this any clearer!
This system of outsourcing prisoners to privately held corporate prisons, only induces "the state" to produce more victimless (innocent) state appointed criminals in order to produce more prisoners (slaves) for the state sanctioned legal slave trade that our government has the monopoly on through its 13th Amendment to the constitution.
And one last thing… community service is not for the benefit of the community. It is the temporary indenturing of code violators who haven't harmed anyone but the state. The only "community service" you are allowed to participate in are state sanctioned organizations or corporations which serve the state or are non-profit in name only, receiving large sums of contracted money for your service. This is not constitutional or lawful. It is slavery hidden behind a corrupt charitable FOR PROFIT company who uses your state approved enslavement as positive public relations in a public-private-partnership (ppp) with the government.
The 13th Amendment is unconstitutional. It must be abolished, as must legalized state sanctioned slavery.
Please pass this on , for if we do not liberate our brothers and sisters out of this legal slave trade now, we may soon find that the only job choices left in America are prison guards or involuntary servants.
UPDATE: It's amazing how good people pass things around and other good people fighting the good fight turn up in your reality. This is an organization who is fighting against the private prison business, and a video I highly recomend:
National Public Service Council To Abolish Private Prisons http://npsctapp.blogspot.com/
Posted in 13th Amendment, Slavery is legal
Tagged 13th amendment, abolition of slavery, america, bill of rights, congress, conspiracy, constitution, corrupt, dick cheney private prison, federal, gods law, government, government outsourcing of prison, indentured servitude, legalization, private prison business, right vs privilage, slavery is legal in america, victimless crime, We Are Change
https://realitybloger.wordpress.com/2010/08/15/is-slavery-legal-in-america/
Axiom 2010: The Truth Teller's Conference
The Water Thieves: Oil Companies And The Droughts They Cause
Lee Wood
Proposed Change:
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, NOT EVEN AS A PUNISHMENT FOR CRIME, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
(National Committee on Prisons and Prison Labor 1912)
Here's another:
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
(Committee to Abolish Prison Slavery 1973)
I like the flow, tone and excellence of your article. Thanks, LW
I'd say yes, except that the (federal) United States should have no jurisdiction other than Washington D.C. as afforded in only the original constitution.
There can be no jurisdiction when freeman status is involved. No one should have that power.
Joe L'Amarca
Read the elevth amendment compare it with article 3 sec.2 read that as many times that it takes for you to understand and see the conflic the federal constitution shall fall thats the unjustice department .
When the 11th amend. was proposed the fonding fathers rejected and the criminals in the black robe adopted in 1798 in chisholm Vs. Georgia
Read The Patriott's Bible ( U S Const. ) Joe
Ahma Daeus
INCARCERATING PEOPLE "FOR PROFIT" IS IN A WORD….WRONG!
The mere presence of a private "for profit" driven prison business in our country undermines the U.S Constitution and subsequently the credibility of the American criminal justice system. In fact, until all private prisons in America have been abolished and outlawed, "the promise" of fairness and justice at every level of this country's judicial system will remain unattainable. We must restore the principles and the vacant promise of our judicial system. Our government cannot continue to "job-out" its obligation and neglect its duty to the individuals confined in the correctional and rehabilitation facilities throughout this nation, nor can it ignore the will of the people that it was designed to serve and protect. Please support the National Public Service Council to Abolish Private Prisons (NPSCTAPP) with a show of solidarity by signing "The Single Voice Petition"
http://www.petitiononline.com/gufree2/petition.html
Please visit our website for further information: http://www.npsctapp.blogspot.com
"Practicing Humanity Without A License"…
Are you familiar with the various movements to expand slavery in the 1800's new territories (Kansas/Nebraska, Louisiana purchase, Texas, and westward)? Your above reply is almost identical to the position of the Antebellum Slavocracy at that time. They didn't want the Federal government to stop them from expanding slavery within any or all territories. There were great battles waged for and against such expansion, and the South Seceded from the Union when Lincoln was elected because they knew he would put a Federal stop to such expansion. Without that Federal authority chattel slavery would remain. The States can provide more rights than exist on the Federal level, but not less.
You must take emotion out of the equation to understand.
You must also stop thinking of freedom in terms of states rights or the constitution. For neither grants you rights. States grant privilages. The constitution grants nothing, as you or the governent is not contracted by it. It is an ideal that has no authority, except in allowing things to be legalized by the "government", which is a corporation. The only objective of a corporation is to make a profit for its "share-holders", meaning. That's not you or I, but other "corporations" like banks. We are not the people, for a "person" is a legal term for "corporation".
The "right" that I refer to in owning slaves simply refers to something which had no government or other control, which would make it a legal "privilage".
The concept of legal slavery is ludicrous, at least as ludicrous as the concept of freely owning another human being. But when is is legal for the state only to own slaves (convicts), we have a serious problem in America.
One day, for instance, I hope that the cattle industry becomes suddenly aware of its horendous treatment and abuse of its comodity… namely cows. The measure of a society can always be seen in its treatment and respect of its livestock. This is not an emotional stance as much as a health and wellness stance. We are diseased and dying because our cattle are diseased and dying and drugged and comnpletley unnaturally raised. It's killed brutally and with no ceremony or respect in its own feces. Then it's cloned, irradiated and who knows what else before it gets to your plate.
If you don't see the parellel here, then you don't really understand what slavery is.
In truth, we are all slaves… some of us are just less enslaved than others. But a house slave is still a slave.
It is I only
SLAVERY is FREEDOM!
G. Orwell
Digital Gravy
Freedom, natural god given right of all animals including man. No document nor proclamation by a single man nor group of men can deny freedom to their fellow animal. It is also the natural right of the young to be eaten when a fatal mistake is made in judgment that allows a predator the opportunity to eat said young. The same can be said about man, for there are predators in our presents who have taken advantage of their human looking image, but are in fact not human at all. For they enslave us and use us for their endless wars while eating our young.
Henrich Himmler
Why not discover what corporations are profiting from prison labour, or make money from imprisioning people and then lets boycott them?
Hey: Heinrick Himmler, Digital Gravy, It Is I, realitybloger, and last but not least Clint Richardson – Hope it's goin strong for all on your end.
Concerning boycotting prison made goods, services, state and corporate for-profit prisons and industries – I believe there are organizations already doing that work. Contact Judy Green at the Justice Policy Institute, and Frank Smith at the Private Prison Institute for further details on how to participate with them. Keep the Faith Brother.
Toward Abolition of All Slavery,
Hey wanker, HI to you too Robert E Lee, Lee Wood and all the other Walwart Shoppers and bloggers out there.
Just keep buying all that China prison made STUFF that you use for less than a year and then breaks anyway.
Someday soon you won't be able to tell the difference between US prison and China prison made crap. I bet your great grand children will be able to, though!
James Stuart Sinclair
Good to know I am not the only one to have figured this out. Excellent analysis. I'm going to link to it from http://www.gaienecommunion.org if I may. We are kindred spirits. We must all hang together, or we shall all hang separately!
Link away. Everything I do is free!
john killham
criminal goons must be slaves to the state. there is no payment for the damage commited by these individuals with free bed and food (plus the drugs and gay action). 12 hours day shifts everyday would be precise.
Correct. Slavery was never abolished in the United State.
Many countries have abolished the death penalty. Try to imagine a country abolishing the death penalty except as legal punishment for a crime. Would the death penalty be abolished? Of course not. It exists in the U.S. as legal penalty for a crime and the only way to abolish it would be if it were no longer legal penalty for a crime.
The same goes for slavery. Rather than abolishing slavery, the 13th Amendment established it as legal.
But then our Constitution was written to preserve slavery. Read Slavery's Constitution: From Revolution to Ratification by David Waldstreicher.
Benjamin Franklin was sent to the Constitutional Convention to present an anti-slavery petition. Realizing that the slave states wouldn't ratify a Constitution that abolished slavery, he withheld his petition, and then, knowing that we did not have either a democracy or a republic, as the Constitution did not give us any way to hold our representatives accountable during their terms of office, the only time they're supposed to represent us, so we have no way to exercise our will, either directly or through our representatives, he lied and said it was a republic, wanting the public to be fooled into accepting a tyranny. That dude should have stuck to flying a kite as he did the world a great disservice.
The Constitution was written so that those who owned the country, mostly slaveholders, would always run it, and that's the situation we're still in today.
We need a new Constitution that doesn't start out with a lie. Ours wasn't written by "We the People," it was written in secret by "We the Oligarchs." Native Americans, African-Americans, women, those who did not own land, and those who had to work for a living, did not have a seat at the table.
The ALBA countries like Venezuela and Bolivia have new Constitutions that guarantee equality, dignity, and respect for all. Venezuela even has a justice system rather than a legal system like ours. They Constitution mandates that their courts attempt to bring about justice, rather than just ensuring that legal formalities are completed. In the U.S., as long as the formalities were completed, factual guilt or innocence doesn't matter.
Our Constitution made the highest law of the land an unelected Supreme Court whose decisions cannot be appealed. That is incompatible with the definition of democracy and the most basic principles of a republic, as the people have no power whatsoever, neither directly nor through their representatives, to challenge a Supreme Court decision. So slavery remains legal and as long as we continue to vote, to grant our consent of the governed to tyranny, it will stay legal.
Anyone who votes in elections like ours where 97% of all ballots cast are counted by easily-hacked and totally unverifiable computers called central tabulators, for candidates that we cannot hold accountable during their terms of office (the only time they're supposed to represent us), is waiving their right to freedom and submitting to oppression.
The Haitian people may be poor and suffering, but they're smart enough not to vote in corporate elections run by the governments and corporations responsible for the many ongoing global genocides for oil, metals, gems, and other private profits.
Boycotts work. Even if an oppressive government won't step down, if nobody votes for it, it has no legitimacy in the eyes of the world. Nobody fought and died so that we could cast uncounted ballots for people we can't hold accountable–the voting rights struggle was for a real voice in government, not a choice of which rich people will rule us.
To abolish slavery, stop voting to grant it your consent of the governed.
I would love to talk to Clint Richardson
Thank You Joe L'Amarca
R davis
Child protection does the same kind of thing, I have known of foster kids that have to work off school detention at a privately owned thrift shop (without compensation). Don't know how wide spread this kind of thing is.
In the article "Is Slavery Legal in America?" was written: "The 13th Amendment is unconstitutional. It must be abolished, as must legalized state sanctioned slavery."
Wrong. The 13th Amendment is NOT unconstitutional. What it prohibits (besides outright slavery) is commanded service (by government in particular and by others generally) without the informed consent of the one commanded. The service must be voluntarily consensual without duress or coercion to be lawful. Simple.
And you want to abolish what is simply a notation of a fundamental truth in the natural order of things? Abolishing the 13th A. does not change the right to be free from coercion by any party, whether the state or an individual.
The 13th A. itself does NOT create or allow "state sanctioned slavery." Imprisonment for a criminal conviction (as opposed to a "violation") is in the interest of society and its protection from those members who demonstrate a sort of suicidal inclination to harm fellow members. That does NOT equate with slavery. Yes, the prison system IS taking advantage of the incarcerated and that IS wrong and that is what MUST BE ABOLISHED.
What does exist in this country, but is NOT outlawed or prohibited, is the widespread condition of peonage shared and experienced by virtually everyone. Especially those who file a 1040, for example.
In slavery, the slavemaster/owner pays for all of the expenses of the slave. Under peonage, the individuals are indoctrinated (in public school) to fund their own servitude and expenses. It happens because of the birth certificate (BC) fraud that works to the detriment of the ones who, presenting a BC, unwittingly use the property of the state-the "true legal name" the parents invented and registered and recorded on the BC,- the rights to the usage thereof WERE NOT RESERVED BY THE PARENTS on the registering documents. Those rights to the usage of the "true legal name" were abandoned by the parents out of ignorance and devolved to the state as "abandoned property"; see your state code.
Because you were fraudulently induced to participate in the defrauding of your own self, once you wake up, you can realize that you have a case against the perpetrators (the state and county actors and agents and officers) and any "contractual relationships" entered into due to the fraud are VOID ab initio, Nullities from the start.
I don't think we disagree much, and I refer to the specific wording in the 13th Amendment as a retort to your argument. I am not a fan of the constitution as a whole, as many of these loopholes are there including eminent domain in the 5th Amendment.
When basic rights can be amended and fiddled away with Acts, Orders and Directives, there is something wrong with the constitution.
Yes! Its apart of being a Sovreign indiviual. Now that's true freedom!
Prem Rajababa
The constitution says what is constitutional. As such, the 13th amendment says slavery is constitutional for those duly convicted of a crime. It has to be repealed or changed so that there is absolutely no slavery under any conditions.
Cecil Westervelt
I have strong beliefs about the penal system in America. It does more harm than good. The labor of the prisoners is absolutely aimed at financial profit for a select few, rather than rehabilitation or actual service benefiting the people.
As for arguments of wage slavery, yes this is the case. Two men start in life. One graduates college and gets a $4 Million trust fund. The other works two jobs to buy a car and keep up with his loan payments. Of course one of them is at a disadvantage. Whose fault is this? Well it is the poor guys fault for not working harder, the rich kid deserves more and obviously works harder, is a better person etc. This is what we all support. There is an inverse relationship between charitableness, hard work and getting rich. This is a fact.
Now. The duties of the police are codified more or less as "To protect the state from its citizens and to serve the legislature and governor."
But no one here has a right to complain. You vote republican. If not, you're unwilling to stand up and meet violence and illness with its like. You are unwilling to band together, pool resources and make any form of sacrifice for the greater good.
I-Phone 299.99. 20 new apps $30. An extra 40 Channels $20. Eating out 4 times a month instead of 3, $60 more per month.
So with 3 million people.
899,970,000 per year by keeping your old Iphone
45,000,000 per year limiting oneself to 10 apps
2,160,000,000 per year eating at home one friday a month.
3,104,970,000 Yep. 3 trillion a year from just 3 million people sacrificing very little and putting that money toward their common goals. I didn't even include dropping the extra premium TV package.
11,415 Brand new homes purchased out right.
9,132,264 a year in rent at just $800 a month and so on.
Hell, for that matter 3 million people descending on the capital with a single penny to throw on the white house lawn. Think about that. We'd be talking about 1 out of every hundred people tossing a penny on the lawn. 9.64 TONS of pennies with a value of about $31,000.
http://www.kokogiak.com/megapenny/
The point is, even just a mere 3 million people, giving a tiny bit, could put and end to a great deal of these things being discussed. In my eyes, this is actual power to the people.
Here's a free ebook on the subject, PRISON SLAVERY http://books.google.com/books?id=zbTU7QxA7qoC&dq=wicowoco&source=gbs_navlinks_s
When dealing with a lawyer make sure you ask who will actuaally be doing the work as many lawyers will have a paralegal actually do the bulk of the work but are they charging you lawyer or paralegal rates?
Mike Diri
I have been wondering this question also but on different premises. The reason for my believing slavery is now legal is through a technicality in the system. I am sure you have heard the "citizen united" ruling which gives corporations the same rights as people and from that interpretation that they have the same legal status as people. So the phrase corporations are people is born. But if corporations are people and people can own corporations, doesn't that technically mean through deductive reasoning that people can own people? Please someone let me know!!!!
Very interesting theory… If I figure that one out I'll let you know. Please do the same.
Mark E. Smith (@fubarista)
ROFL. Impeccable logic. A corporation is just a modified or reformed type of slavery anyway, often called wage-slavery. The profits, premises, and product belong to the owner(s) and the labor is compensated, sometimes at the bare minimum that enables them to buy food, clothing, health care, transportation, and anything else necessary to enable them to work, and sometimes at less than that minimum so that people have to work two jobs to survive.
Theoretically, workers are treated better than slaves and have certain rights that slaves don't have, but in reality that isn't always the case.
Another interesting thought is that many fundamentalists who insist that a fetus is a person, also insist that children are the property of their parents and that wives are the property of their husbands. Surely if a fetus is a person, then a child or a woman is also a person, so that's another example of people in the US who believe that people have the right to own people.
Isn't it strange that the Supreme Court is still debating who is and isn't a person? They seem to have gotten it wrong more often than they've gotten it right, possibly due to the fact that they enjoy such elevated status that they no longer think of themselves as people.
Privileges are not conducive to a democracy, where everybody is supposed to be equal. Driving is not a "privilege". It is not a privilege to drive a car that I paid for, on road built by my taxes. Driving is a right. People on say it is a privilege, because that is what they've been told all their lives.
I understand your point, but you must understand two things.
First, the legal definition of freedom is "TO OBEY THE LAW".
Second, you must learn what a political right actually is, which is a government granted and revokable privilege. For instance, your driver's license is a revokable right (privilege). Natural rights, as opposed to political rights, are not revokable.
Please read this for a full explanation: https://realitybloger.wordpress.com/2013/02/19/tyranny-requires-equality/
Per 13th amendment, one has to be duly convicted of a crime. That means, any suspect to a crime that is arrested, but not convicted, that sits in a jail cell, is a slave. One does not have to do labor to be a slave. They just have to be owned or absolutely controlled by another, as in being jailed, for them to be a slave.
There are no federal or state criminal codes against slavery.
mymarkx
Good insight, Prem. Yes, a slave who is asleep is still a slave. Even a slave who has been granted permission to visit a sick relative is still a slave. A slave who has run away and not been captured, is still a slave (despite the repeal of the Fugivive Slave Laws) because they can be captured and returned to slavery without having to be convicted of another crime. And a crime is whatever the State says it is, yesterday alcohol (Prohibition), today drugs, perhaps tomorrow possession of non-GMO foods or herbal remedies.
One of the the slaves plantations (now called prisons) in the United States is Angola, in Louisiana. Black prisoners who enter Angola for some minor crime, almost never leave there alive, as their sentences are easily extended repeatedly by the prison authorities for real or imagined offenses such as disobedience or disrespect. Robert King, one of the rare prisoners to leave Angola while still alive, said that while he was in maximum security, those of us not in prison are not free, we're just in minimum security.
The State owns me and has legal power of life or death over me. The law enforcement agents of the State can break down my door, kill me, and then escape punishment by merely saying that they'd made a mistake and had the wrong address. Or, if I happened to have a TV remote control in my hand, that they'd thought it was a gun. Or if I ducked under the bed in terror, that I was trying to avoid arrest. But they really don't need any excuse. They can kill any of us at any time with impunity because they are agents of the State and we are slaves, the property of the State.
Many wage-slaves in the United States didn't notice their shackles until they began to chafe–until jobs were outsourced, banks deregulated, and they found themselves sleeping on the street and eating at soup kitchens. Some think that the "good times," when it was other people who bore the brunk of capitalism instead of them, will return.
But capitalism cannot abolish slavery. The purpose of capitalism is to make profits. The way to make profits is to cut costs. Labor is a cost, so cheap labor is good and free labor is the best possible way to maximize profits.
Have you read Slavery by Another Name, by Douglas A. Blackmon?
http://www.amazon.com/Slavery-Another-Name-Re-Enslavement-Americans/dp/0385722702
Although they may look like cathedrals and have libraries full of doubletalk, today's courthouses are nothing more than fancy slave blocks where human lives are sacrificed to our corporate rulers.
But to better understand that we are slaves and it is the corporations that own us, another book to read is Trespass Against Us: Dow Chemical & the Toxic Century by Jack Doyle:
http://www.amazon.com/Trespass-Against-Chemicals-Pollution-Environmental/dp/1567512682
A corporation, according to US law, is a person entitled to kill thousands and poison millions (or billions) of people with impunity, or at most the wrist slap of a trivial monetary penalty of less than a millionth of their profits from the crime. After all, they are only poisoning and killing their own human property, right?
Right now, I am dealing with a disability that limits travel and interacting with the government. What I see as a formidable weapon against all the governments is Title 18, USC 2381, Treason. "Whoever, owing allegiance to the United States, levies war against them or adheres to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort within the United States or elsewhere, is guilty of treason and shall suffer death, or shall be imprisoned not less than five years and fined under this title but not less than $10,000; and shall be incapable of holding any office under the United States."
The war on drugs is a war on the people and as such is treason, per the above law. Right now, I have enough evidence to prove the small city I am in is guilty of levying war against children. Using legal actions against them, I plan to spring board to the big government. Unless, of course, someone or some groups beats me to it. Title 18, USC 2382 says anyone who knows of treason must report it to the president or….. and if they don't, they are guilty of treason.
I found that, in the illegal legal environment of this country, anyone that wants to challenge the government must be totally squeaky clean, which means, no drugs, no weapons, no warrants. They can be previously convicted. The government will attempt to intimidate and even raid their home, just as the locals did to me. But, like me, who is squeaky clean, they could not find anything to bust me with.
As soon as I am finished collecting evidence against them, I will file the complaints with the president. Filing it with the Attorney General won't work, since he is the head of the treasonous war on the people. Basically, everyone, from the President, congress, governors, state assemblies, law enforcement agencies, court systems, judges, prosecutors and their employees are all guilty of treason.
I don't know if you are just using this blog as a place to complain, like most blogs, or if you are looking for a way to take action. I would love for you to be later.
I began to read excerpts from "Slavery by Another Name" and I could not continue without crying and being enraged at the same time. Bottom line is that it was the governments that wrote laws to arrest and enslave those black men, but it was the civilians and corporations that enslaved them and beat them and gave them subhuman treatment. It was never just the governments of this country that committed slavery and cruelty, it was the majority of the people. Being an American only brings me a feeling of shame.
I will puruse those books. I wrote something a while ago about the constitution and how the laws are made to target minorities and ehtnically cleanse them from society. Here is it.
THERE ARE NO GUARANTEED CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS. The only people that have any guaranteed constitutional rights are those who can afford to buy an attorney. The Bill of Rights is just a bunch of lies. It was created to attract people to this country and build a work force and army. People were willing to leave oppressive countries to come to a place where they believed their rights were guaranteed. WRONG!!!
The legislative bodies of our governments create weapons, in the form of laws, designed to be used by law enforcement to target, terrorize, murder, imprison and ethnically cleanse specific groups (blacks, Hispanics, Jews, Moslems, homosexuals, disabled, mentally ill, mentally retarded, women, children, homeless, gypsies and anyone else that won't go along with their program. There aren't any prisons in this country, they are all CONCENTRATION CAMPS that are called prisons. THE WAR ON DRUGS IS REALLY A "WAR ON PEOPLE" !!!! I don't do drugs and I don't approve of the use of drugs, but that doesn't give me or anyone else the right to prevent anyone from self medicating themselves. I smoked pot once on November 4, 1974. I experienced a traumatic event and found my way to a buddy's home, where I cried nonstop. He lit up a joint and gave it to me. Within seconds I mellowed out. He was a Suffolk County Cop.
I AM PISSED OFF AT AND DISAPPOINTED WITH OBAMA!!! He has done absolutely nothing for the Black people (I will not call them "his people") I was told that he was a civil rights attorney in Chicago, so he has to know all the civil rights violations that happen daily to the Black people in this country, by the police and those that employ the police.
Dear Prem, you seem to have a bit of a misconception there. The definition of treason is war against the STATES, not against the people. The people are mere human resources, i.e., slaves, wage-slaves, cannon fodder, guards, managers, etc., for the state. The State (both the federal government and the individual states) is always at war against the people because the purpose of the State is to oppress the people.
The US government has (supposedly) three branches, the executive, legislative, and judiciary. Even if you had the $50,000 donation to the Democratic Party to get face time with the President, or you somehow managed to get to see one of his aides, they would simply forward your complaint to the Attorney General, the appropriate branch, which you already know won't accomplish anything.
The bureaucracy we call government was designed to prevent the people from being able to make it work on our behalf instead of on behalf of the plutocrats and oligarchs who own us.
You are trying to make demands on government, that is, you are a slave asking your owner to be less cruel. Slavery should not be reformed, it should be abolished. If you re-form something, you simply form it again. You might change its facade, but you can't change its essence by re-forming it.
I have my own website. I am not disappointed in Obama because I knew exactly what he (or whoeveer was elected) would do. That's why I don't vote and I urge others not to vote: Consent to Tyranny: Voting in the USA http://fubarandgrill.org/node/1431
"…this System always betray those that believe in it!" –Delbert Africa, quoted in Mumia Abu Jamal's book, Jailhouse Lawyers
Life is a learning experience. Sometimes it can be quite painful, but it is always better to understand than to remain ignorant. Study and learn, so that you don't waste your efforts on things that were designed to frustrate them.
This law defines treason: Title 18, USC 2381, Treason. "Whoever, owing allegiance to the United States, levies war against them or adheres to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort within the United States or elsewhere, is guilty of treason and shall suffer death, or shall be imprisoned not less than five years and fined under this title but not less than $10,000; and shall be incapable of holding any office under the United States."
Basically it means Whoever, owing allegiance to the United States, levies war against any that owe allegiance to the United States are guilty of treason. the word, "Them", refers to the phrase "[those] owing allegiance to the United States" and not the name, "United States". There could be some ambiguity ot the law, but, other than that, I do not see any weapons, laws or powers avaible to combat the tyranny that has gone on unchecked for centuries.
I understand that the people are just cattle or fodder to the governments. If I am wrong, then the only thing that would stop this would be divine intervention.
I forgot to mention that there is an unwritten law, which says, "In the absence of viable law enforcement protection, it is not only the right, but the duty an responsibility of all people to protect themselves and others from criminals". That means, in the absence of viable law enforcement protection, vigilante law is legal. In the city where I live, I have told the city council that vigilante is legal and that I have recorded all telephone conversations without advising anyone that I was recording them. They have accepted that.
I will file a treason complaint agaisnt the government of my city first. Once I can establish it as a legal tactic, THEN I can use it to target the state governments and then the federal governments.
Another legal tactic is to file a class action suit, on behalf of all the people of the US, against a state government, the US government and/or both, for public endangerment by levying war against the innocent people of this country.
I know what you are saying about slavery, but affirming it only makes it more difficult to stop. One has to call it something else, like kidnapping and then one can combat it. One has to think out of their box and mindset. Instead of attacking them from the front, attack their flank or their weakest defenses.
Nope. It clearly means that whoever, owing allegiance to the United States, levies war etc., against those United States, is guilty of treason against those United States. Those who owe allegiance are required to be obedient to their owners and not do anything to harm their owners.
There is no way to change the system by working within the system. That's the purpose of bureaucratic systems.
There is, however, a global struggle for dignity and justice. That's why, when the United Nations recently voted to end the US embargo against Cuba, only two countries voted to continue the embargo, the United States and Israel. All the other countries voted to end the embargo. So, if you support ANY country other than the United States and Israel, you are probably guilty of treason against the United States. That doesn't just mean supporting countries like Cuba or Venezuela, but also countries like Iceland, which jailed its crorrupt banksters instead of bailing them out, or Germany, which is protesting US surveillance of its leader, or any country that has socialized medicine (almost all developed countries except for the United States).
If you actually attempted to file a treason charge against the government, by filing it with any branch of the government, you'd find that you are the one the government would penalize. If you owe allegiance to a government, you can't challenge that government and expect it not to retaliate. Allegiance means loyalty and owing allegiance means having an obligation of loyalty. Accusing the government of treason is not only disloyal, but nonsensical. The government cannot commit treason against itself. You are confusing the people with the State. A government exists to govern people, and the people who owe allegiance to such a government have agreed to be governed or were conquered by force. It is their disloyalty to that government which the government will punish, while the government can do whatever it wishes to govern (control) its people with impunity because the government retains the sole legitimate use of violence, and the US has exempted itself from all international laws and treaties, so there is no higher authority to penalize government violence other than, as you stated, divine intervention.
As I'm an atheist, I don't believe there will be any divine intervention.
You make some good points, but I would not accuse the government of treason, but the people, in the government, that enacted the anti drug laws (weapons and tactics used in the war on people) and all those who enforced those laws. In USC2381, it says, "Whoever, owing allegiance to the United States, levies war against them", the word, "them" refers to people and not the government. Here is the definition: "used as the object of a verb or preposition to refer to two or more people or things previously mentioned or easily identified. Since the only things that were mentioned were people and since the United States is a single thing, it can only refer to people and not the United States.
I would begin either at the top or at the bottom of the chain of command. The mayor or the governor or the officer on the beat.
The United States is made up of people. Take away all the people and all you have is some empty real estate.
I have been for stopping the embargos on Cuba for a long time as it just hurts the people of Cuba and not Castro. I was born jewish and do not approve of much that Israel and/or american jews do. To me, jewish is just a dna that I carry and a burden at that.
As far as divine anything, the Catholic church and all other religions are governments that have imposed its laws on the people and governments of this country and have a lot of control over our governments. All religious people are slaves, and accept that fact, so it is easier for a government to enslave its people, when they are religious.
Here is another tactic. Using Title 18, USC 2381, anyone who pays taxes to governments that are levying war against the people of the US are also guilty of treason. As such, citizens could refuse to pay their income taxes (state, city and federal) to prevent themselves from being guilty of treason for giving "aid and comfort" to said governments. Get enough people to send letters to the US internal revenue service, the state tax revenue departments, etc., stating the above and it might work. Have people publish open group letters to the governments, in newspapers and magazines would be more effective and expensive.
Even if it doesn't work, it will make headlines in all the medias and that would be a foot in the door to get some changes.
Your chance of winning, fighting them on their terms and in their arenas is slight. The governments are defined as by the people adn for the people. So, if even one city cop kills an innocent person and is not convicted of murder or manslaughter, then all that that police officer and police department represents and serves are also guilty of murder and manslaughter. By protecting and refusing to pay taxes to support that government will get their attention. "Money talks and fools walk."
Another tactic is to start citizens unions, like labor unions, but they represent all the people against the governments. One dollar a month dues for the people of NYC is 8 million dollars a month. Enough to get anything done. They can also buy lobbyists and attorneys and even law firms. Money is power and uniting the people is also power.
Here is why people are so accepting to being slaves of the government and other authority figures. They are born into slavery, their parents being their owners, who control and have absolute power over them. They learn early to be obedient to them and not to challenge them or they will be punished, many times with corporal punishment. The law of primacy says that what a person learns first, is learned best and the most difficult to unlearn. So, the people are afraid of the "big parent" or "big authority figure" and don't challenge them. Even in your writings, you don't seem to want to challenge the government, just state what they do and complain about them. If I am wrong, please tell me. I have yet to find anyone on the internet that actually wants to do something about the problem. All tey ever want to do is talk about it.
Thank you. You have solved a problem I have had for over two decades. In 1988, I experienced enlightenment and, for 3 years, my life was magical. Then, in 1991, I came under attack by some non physical beings and it was very painful. This has continued to this day and I never really understood why. Your statement that we are all slaves took a while to sink in. So this is what I feel has happened.
We, including all that work in the governments of this world, are slaves of what I call ETs, which are not the Hollywood type of ET or aliens. They are non physical and non visible, but can effect and control human beings. I have been able to kill those that have attacked me, over the years, but more continue to come. Maybe, what you said will be the information I require to get rid of them permanently.
Due to the strange nature of this post and because it is just for you, I suggest you delete it after you read it.
solomon ben-yahudah
Speak truth to power! Right on!
The Tabernacle of God, Security Office, 1455 Market Street, San Francisco, California, 94103, (USA.) We support mass genocide, conventional war, EMP's, thermonuclear warfare, the use of slaves in Axis military and agricultural work, as well as other necessary affairs. We support the battle of Armageddon, and The Great Day of God Almighty. We are Isalam, Bethesda & Mizpah: the new names for God, Son & holy city. We are an Axis Military Monarchy, working with the Nazis and Fascists of Germany, Italy and Japan, and other Axis Nations and Institutions. Sincerely, Bethesda Donald Hoganson. Praise God Almighty The Father, and Jesus Christ The Son, Who rule the world. Halleluja! 👑✌🚨🇩🇪🇮🇹🇯🇵🇸🇮🇺🇦⭐😇☪🇳🇱🇲🇽🇨🇦🇵🇸👮🇪🇸🇵🇸 Amen.
Sounds like all you are is full of shit.
Is slavery illegal in the USA? This may seem like a dumb question but bare with me. In order for slavery to be illegal in the USA, the courts would have to have the authority to over rule the papal bulls known as the doctrine of discovery no? I don't believe SCOTUS has that authority. SCOTUS recently ruled that the DOD is the law of the land, so is slavery truly illegal or just not practiced the same as in the past?
Can you send me the source for that, that DOD is law of the land?
In essence, the celebration of "independence" of America from Britain is a bit silly, considering that Britain was placed under Papal rule long before that. And so America may be separate from Britain, but it never received independence from the Pope. The "revolution" was like one company becoming two distinct companies, but both still existing under the mother (matrix) corporation. America is still in dependence to Rome, and admits openly to being under Roman Law (Lex Scripta).
Slavery was made legal by the 13th amendment, but only on a national level. The private right was removed, and the public volunteered to slavery to the private landholders and their corporation (United States).
Diam0ndav3
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_v._M%27Intoshor just google johnson vs mcintoshhttps://duckduckgo.com/?q=johnson+vs+mcintosh&t=ffab&ia=webif you go to the decisions of the supreme court of the united states you can find more recent rulings, 2005 i think. use search term doctrine of discovery or indiansMy intention was to have this conversation lead to the point i eventually wanted to make is that the usa and canada are claiming title to indigenous land via the doctrine of discovery while the vatican says that the DOD has long been revoked see here http://www.ailanyc.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Holy-See.pdfI fully realize that slavery is illegal, i purposely asked my question that way.MAKE AMERICA NATIVE AGAIN!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_v._M%27Intosh
or just google johnson vs mcintosh
https://duckduckgo.com/?q=johnson+vs+mcintosh&t=ffab&ia=web
if you go to the decisions of the supreme court of the united states you can find more recent rulings, 2005 i think. use search term doctrine of discovery or indians
My intention was to have this conversation lead to the point i eventually wanted to make is that the usa and canada are claiming title to indigenous land via the doctrine of discovery while the vatican says that the DOD has long been revoked see here http://www.ailanyc.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Holy-See.pdf
I fully realize that slavery is illegal, i purposely asked my question that way.
MAKE AMERICA NATIVE AGAIN!
David D
An amendment can't be unconstitutional. It is by definition IS part of the constitution.
The United States: A Corporation « REALITY BLOG
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the Association of Breastfeeding Mothers and The Breastfeeding Network (see below).
online help form. LLL also publishes books and leaflets for mothers and health professionals.
NCT is a UK charity helping parents through pregnancy, birth and early days of parenthood.
They provide telephone helplines, antenatal and postnatal classes and other resources for parents.
Open every day, including bank holidays, from 8am – midnight.
telephone helpline, e-mail help plus information and useful publications.
helplines, support centres and publications.


Annual awards for undergraduate juniors attending Southeast Missouri State University, majoring in a Business or Marketing. Applicants must have a minimum 2.5 GPA and financial need. Number of awards and award amount varies. Renewable.


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Now that 2018 has finally begun, we're only a few months away from some of the biggest blockbusters this year has to offer. But the first of these big films will be none other then Black Panther, that has already gained some much attention due to a great marketing campaign, and of course all of the talent that's involved. Well looks like the team just got even more talented, as the soundtrack will apparently be in some very good hands. After a monumental year following the release of his critically acclaimed fourth studio album DAMN., Marvel has announced that rap artist Kendrick Lamar along with Anthony "Top Dawg" Tiffith will be producing the album for the upcoming film directed by Ryan Coogler.
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Are you excited to hear about Kendrick's involvement with Black Panther? Are there any other artists you would like to see incorporated into the soundtrack? Let us know below!


We just had another great conversation on the latest "It's Mike Jones" podcast, this time with Shinedown's Brent Smith!
We talked about Shinedown's involvement in the Out Of The Darkness Walk in Washington, D.C., the fun they had on the European tour, how big the shows will be for the US tour (including on February 28th at UMBC Events Center) and making sure to surround yourself with the right people.
Here's our conversation and if you click on this link, you can grab tickets for the Shinedown / Papa Roach / Asking Alexandria show on February 28th at UMBC Events Center.


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I need a help here, if someone can answer.
I have created one pipeline and due to some infrastructure issues at source system i can't use CDC functionality so in every run i am deleting the records before insert. This way in each run, it will insert all the records from source to destination which makes be able to capture both modified and newly added records but now we are suppose to use Azure data lake instead of SQL server.
Since Azure data lake is a file based database so i am not sure how i can delete the exiting records before insert. I don't want to keep duplicate records in destination.


text:
A Ministry of the Northeast American Diocese of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
His Grace Zachariah Mar Nicholovos
Metropolitan of the Northeast American Diocese
Rev. Fr. Dr. Varghese M. Daniel, (St. Johns, Orangeburg)
Mr. George Thumpayil, (St. Thomas, Dover)
Mr. Jeemon Varghese (St. Mary's, Suffern)
Rev. Fr. Dr. Varghese M. Daniel (St. Johns, Orangeburg)
Curriculum Adult
Chair: Rev. Fr. Dr. Johnson C. John (St. Thomas, Washington DC)
Mrs. Mary Varghese (St. Gregorios Elmont), Mrs. Suja Jose (St. George, Staten Island)
Curriculum MGOCSM–
Chair: Rev. Dn. Thomas (Shawn) Thomas (St. Vladimir Seminary, Yonkers),
Mrs. Sandhya Thomas (St. Thomas, Long Island) Mrs. Betsy Philip (St. Mary's, Boston)
Curriculum FOCUS:–
Chair: Rev. Fr. Mathew (Sujith) Thomas (St. Paul's, Albany)
Curriculum – Sunday School
Elementary: Ms. Ansa Thomas (St. Mary's, Staten Island)
Middle School: Mrs. Aju Tharian (St. Stephens, Midland Park)
Chaplain –
Malayalam: Rev. Fr. Shinoj Thomas (St. Gregorios, Clifton)
English: Dn. Givarghis Koshy (St. George, Portchester)
Publicity: Social media
Mr. Mathew Samuel (St. Paul's, Albany)
Mrs. Annie Libu (St. George, Staten Island)
Publicity: Print & Web media
Mr. Varghese Pothanickad (St. Mary's, White Plains)
On-site publication-
Ms. Lincy Thomas (St. Stephen's, Midland Park)
Editorial Board: Rev. Fr. Shibu Daniel (St. Thomas, Dover),
Mr. Eapen Mathen, Mr. Philip Thankachan
Chair: Reena Susan Mathews (St Thomas, Philadelphia)
Mr. Jacob Joseph (St Mary's, Linden), Mr. Philip Mathew (St Mary's Philadelphia),
Ms. Tiffany Thomas (St. Mary's, Jackson Heights)
Procession –
Mr. Ajith Vattasseril, (St. Johns Orangeburg)
Mr. Binu Samuel (St. Mary's, Linden, Mr. Aby Paul (St. George, Portchester)
Sports & Games –
Rev. Fr. Sunny Joseph, (St Mary's Linden)
Volleyball: Mr. Arun Joseph (St. Thomas, Long Island), Sonia Joseph (St. Thomas Long Island)
Security –
Mr. Manu George (St. Gregorios, Clifton), Mr. Manu P. Abraham (St. Gregorios, Canada)
Mr. Titus Alexander (St. Mary's, Bronx), Ms. Sarah M. George (St. Gregorios, Washington)
On-site responsibility –
Mr. Saji Pothen, (St Marys Suffern), K. G. Oommen (Jay) (St. John's Orangeburg)
Mrs. Jessy Thomas (St. Mary's, Bronx), Mrs. Suja Philippose (St. Mary's, Boston)
Medical –
Dr. Dolly Geevarghese (St Mary's Boston), Dr. Jolly Thomas (St Mary's, Bronx),
Mrs. Sara Ipe (St. Mary's Philadelphia)
Audio –
Mr. Joseph Pappan (St Gregorios, Elmont)
Choir –
Council of Indian Orthodox Churches of Queens, Long Island & Brooklyn
Choir Master – Mr. Joseph Pappan (St Gregorios, Elmont)
Souvenir Business Manager -
Dr. Philip George (St. George, Portchester)
Souvenir Editorial Board
Chief Editor: Eby Kuriakose George (St. George, Portchester)
Rev. Fr. Paulose T. Peter (St Mary's White Plains), Dr. Soffy Vilson (St. Mary's, Linden)
Finance Committee members:
Mr. Kuriakose Tharian (St. Thomas, Yonkers)
Mrs. Susan Thomas (St. Thomas, Washington DC), Mr. Philipose Samuel (St. Thomas, Levittown Long Island)
Mr. Mathew Varghese (St. Gregorios, Elmont), Mr. Varghese P. Isaac (St. Gregorios, Bensalem)
Mr. Saji M Pothen (St. Mary's, Suffern), Mr. Thomas Varghese (Moni) (St. Johns Orangeburg)
Mr. Vinu Kurian (St. Stephen's, Midland Park), Jaison Thomas (St. Mary's Bronx)
Mr. James Samuel (St. John's, Hamilton, Canada), Mr. Rajan Padiyara (St. Thomas, Philadelphia)
Area coordinators:
Mr. Philipose Samuel, Mr. Mathew Varghese & Mr. Rajan George - Queens/LI
Mr. Varghese P. Isaac (Renji) – Philadelphia
Mr. George P.Thomas - Washington
Mr. James Samuel – Toronto
Capt. Raju Philip – Staten Island
Mr. Mathew Samuel – Upstate New York
Mr. George Varghese – Boston/Connecticut
Mrs. Molly Paulose – Rockland
Mr. Sunoj Thampi - New Jersey
FYC Website Editor
Mr. Adarsh Paul Varghese
Hotel Claridge
123 S. Indiana Ave, Atlantic City, NJ, 08401
familyandyouthconference@gmail.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It looks like you have only imported one raw file into your Skyline document.
Normally, for a calibration curve, you would have multiple files, where for each of your external standards you have spiked in a known amount of your analyte of interest.
On that form, you should set "Regression Fit" to something. If you only have one external standard, then the only thing that makes sense to choose there is "Linear through zero", but if you have multiple standards, then any of the choices might be the right one.
Then you need to tell Skyline what the concentrations of your external standards are. You do this in the Document Grid.
At the top of the Document Grid, there is a "Views" dropdown button. In the Views dropdown you should choose "Replicates".
The Replicates view has two columns: Sample Type and Analyte Concentration.
For your external standards, you should set the Sample Type to "Standard" and the Analyte Contentration to some number representing how much analyte you spiked into that replicate.
For the samples where you want Skyline to calculate the concentration, you should leave the Sample Type as "Unknown", and the "Analyte Concentration" blank.
I hope this helps. If you only have one raw file, then you might have a different idea of what a calibration curve is than we do, but I'm not sure what that would be.


text:
March - Market Update
Wes Wilkes
As is widely documented and as we have informed all clients of our Discretionary Investment Management service, 2018 was at best challenging.
It is arguably the first year since 2009 during which almost all assets made a negative return on the year.
We don't wish to labour the points here but challenges around the continuing rumblings of Brexit (the B word), the US trade &tariff wars with China and the dollars' strength negatively impacting emerging markets, were some of the high-level, macro-economic situations that did and continue to effect markets.
Moving into 2019, as a UK based Investment Manager, it doesn't feel a lot different than 2018 in terms of the B word, however, we have seen encouraging if cautious signs from companies and markets and a willingness to see a positive end to political tensions here and across the pond.
This has led to strong returns in 2019 so far, to date, meaning all portfolios have recovered any investment loss from 2018 and made further gains.
As previously communicated, significant portfolio changes were made in November 2018 to reflect current and future indicators, in short, a slightly more cautious position was taken across all portfolios.
Its pleasing therefore to see that some of the researched, analysed and selected investments are top and amongst the top of this year's performers reflected in portfolio performance.
Finally, and importantly we would like to take this opportunity to welcome Ray, the newest member to our Investment Management Team.
Ray joins as Senior Investment Manager, having been ananalyst since 2004 and a former Chief Investment Officer of Mercater Capital.
Ray is a wonderful addition to the team and will be responsible for the research, analysis and presentation to the Investment Committee of any potential fund manager/house or investment for our portfolios.
We hope to bring you more of Ray's work and insight in the coming months and years.
Our next update will be in May 2019.
Managing Partner & Senior Investment Manager
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text:
George Washington Papers
From George Washington to Thomas Lewis, 5 May 1774
To Thomas Lewis
Mount Vernon 5th May 1774
Your letter of the 31st of March did not come to my hands 'till the latter end of last month;1 and no direct opportunity that I have heard of, has offered since, this letter taking the chance of conveyance from place to place only.
Immediately upon the receipt of your favor by Mr Young, I dispatched a letter to Capt. Crawford (covering yours to him) pointing out the necessity of his attempting to qualify as your Deputy, at your Court for April. before this I did not urge him (as he appeared anxious to return home) to take that rout, for two reasons: in the first place I did not advert to the necessity of this qualification; in the next place, 'till your letter arrived (which was after he was gone)2 I did not know whether you would accept of him as an Assistant or not. At the same time I wrote to him, I forwarded Letters under his cover (in order to be deliver'd by him) to Mr Madison, Mr Jones, & Capt: Hog, requesting the favour of each to facilitate his business if he came in on this errand;3 but what has been the result of all this I know not, never having heard a syllable from him since.
I come now to take notice of what you have said in respect to Mr Michael Cresap, whose claim to the round bottom, & other Lands along the banks of the ohio, for (as I am credibly inform'd) thirty miles, is equally well founded; & founded upon no other right, or pretence, than that of claiming every good bottom upon the river; building a cabbin thereon to keep off others; & then selling them, and going on to possess other Lands in the same manner. This if common report tells truth, is the foundation of Mr Cresap's claim to the round bottom, set up long after I had made choice of it, and had had it survey'd as a stage, or Lodgment between Fort Pitt & my Lands on the Great Kanhawa: it is true, as this is esteem'd a valuable bottom, he may have taken more pains in the improvement of it, than of the others; but his choice, or even knowledge of it, was long after I had had it survey'd.
This being the amount of his claim, I will now give you the substance of mine, which cannot be better done, than by informing you, that in the fall of the year 1770, when I went to view the Lands which have been since surveyed under the Proclamation of 1754 I made choice of this Spot of Land (called the round bottom) marked Trees, I directed Captn Crawford, when he went down the Spring following to survey it, which he accordingly did, as may appear by his Certificate inclosed you by Mr Young. Sometime after this, hearing that Doctor Brisco had taken possession of it, & actually had, or was going to fix Negroes on it, I wrote him a letter, of which No. 1. is a copy, upon which I was informed he had quit it. Sometime after this again, I learned that Mr Michael Cresap had taken possession of it, built houses, & was working hands thereon, upon which I also wrote him a letter, of which No. 2. is the copy; and was given to understand that Mr Theobald (or Tibbles, as he is commonly called) who was Partner with Mr Cresap in this Land, was determined to give it up; receiving at the same time a message, by Capt: Crawford, from Mr Michael Cresap, that if I would let him have the Land he would pay me what I thought the worth of it; to which, I returned for answer; that as it was the only piece of Land I had upon the Ohio, between Fort Pitt, & the Kanhawa's, & found it very necessary as a Stage or Lodgment, in coming up the river, I could not agree to part with it, but again offered to pay for any labour or improvement, which he had made.
In this situation things were, when I wrote to you by Mr Young: otherwise, if I had thought that Mr Cresap could, with any colour of Justice, or even at any rate (as he must be conscious, that the mode he has practiced, of engrossing & selling Lands, is unwarrantable) have opposed my claim to this Land; I should have mention'd it to you before, but in truth, from everything that has passed, I concluded that he had yielded to my prior claim. In like manner may my title to the three thousand acres on the waters of Shurtee & Racoon be disputed: For after that also was surveyed for me; after I had bought the rights (or claims rather) of several people to it, & after I had actually built several houses thereon, by way of strengthening my right, numbers of People went, in a forcable manner, and in defiance of repeated notices, & took possession of the Land, & built cabbins in such a manner as to prevent even entrance into my houses, & may, as Mr Cresap has, dispute my title under pretence of having improved it: but I do not expect that such claims as these can ever have an operation to my prejudice, or ought to retard my Patent; however, I do not wish to hasten any measure faster than it can be done with propriety.4 I am Sir, Your very humble Servt
G: Washington
LB, DLC:GW.
1. Letter not found.
2. GW's letter to William Crawford has not been found. Crawford was at Mount Vernon from 23 to 26 Feb. (Diaries description begins Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig, eds. The Diaries of George Washington. 6 vols. Charlottesville, Va., 1976–79. description ends , 3:234, 236).
3. See GW to Peter Hog, 21 March. The other letters were probably to John Madison, clerk of the Augusta County court, and Gabriel Jones (1724–1806), the leading lawyer in Augusta County.
4. On 17 Feb. GW sent Thomas Lewis the surveys that William Crawford had made of the Round Bottom tract on the Ohio and of the Millers Run tract, along with a warrant for the survey of 5,000 acres, asking Lewis to validate Crawford's warrant and send him certificates so that he could patent the land. Crawford was required to resurvey the tract before certificates could be issued to GW (see Crawford to GW, 8 May, n.1). For GW's efforts to have Crawford sworn in as an assistant surveyor, see GW to Peter Hog, 21 Mar., and Valentine Crawford to GW, 27 April 1774. For a summary of the protracted dispute between GW and Michael Cresap, and later Cresap's heirs, over the title to the Round Bottom tract, see William Crawford to GW, 2 Aug. 1771, n.6. See also GW to Michael Cresap, 26 Sept. 1773, and William Crawford to GW, 20 Sept., 14 Nov. 1774. For a summary of GW's even more bitter conflict with settlers on his Millers Run land, see Thomas Smith to GW, 9 Feb. 1785, editorial note.
https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/02-10-02-0037
Note: The annotations to this document, and any other modern editorial content, are copyright © The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia. All rights reserved.
Washington Papers
Washington, George
Lewis, Thomas
"From George Washington to Thomas Lewis, 5 May 1774," Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/02-10-02-0037. [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Colonial Series, vol. 10, 21 March 1774 – 15 June 1775, ed. W. W. Abbot and Dorothy Twohig. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1995, pp. 46–48.]
From Lewis to Washington [31 March 1774]
From Washington to Lewis [1 February 1784]
All correspondence between Lewis and Washington


Jurgen Klopp is hopeful Jordan Henderson will avoid becoming the latest first-team regular on Liverpool's injury list following his early withdrawal on Saturday.
England midfielder Henderson reportedly experienced hamstring tightness before being replaced at half-time of the narrow 1-0 win away to Huddersfield Town.
Naby Keita and Sadio Mane missed the match with hamstring and hand issues respectively while Mohamed Salah, James Milner and Virgil van Dijk all started under injury clouds.
The visitors ultimately secured three hard-earned points thank to Salah's first-half strike, with Henderson's fitness now the focus in the wake of a taxing international break.
"I hope so," Klopp told reporters when asked if the skipper's substitution was precautionary.
"It was not that he felt nothing but he didn't feel a lot. He wanted to carry on – that's a good sign. We decided no. Hopefully it's nothing."
A sixth clean sheet of the campaign formed the basis of a battling victory which kept Liverpool level on points with Manchester City, although Klopp was not entirely satisfied.
3 - This is just the third time in English top-flight history as many as three teams are unbeaten after nine league games - Liverpool have been one of them each time (1978-79 and 1990-91). Seldom.
"The result is good. I knew it would be difficult after the international break as it always is," he said.
"I'm not angry or whatever, but I think we should expect of ourselves to do better. We expect from ourselves really good football and I like to see that.
"The basis we've created so far is brilliant: 23 points, I don't think I've had that before after nine games. And still space for improvement [which is] good as well."
Klopp went on to express sympathy for close friend David Wagner and admiration for his "very good" Huddersfield outfit.
The Terriers boss was similarly upbeat despite being left with a fifth successive home blank and just three points from a winless start.
"It's the truth that we have problems with scoring goals, but it's also the truth that we perform at a very high level," Wagner said. "We have the passion and desire to limit a side like Liverpool.
"We were able to create opportunities against opponents of different levels and that's what I'm focused on. The goals will come."


There were many "Herods" and some are spoken of in the New Testament, which can be confusing. The name "Herod" is mentioned 40 times in the New Testament.
It began with Herod the Great, which is also Herod the King–ref Mt 2:1, Lk 1:5. It is said that he ruled from about 37 BC to about 4 BC. This is the same Herod that reigned before John Baptist was born. It is this same Herod that the wise men came to, and later had the children in Bethlehem and the coasts thereof killed. He died-ref Mt 2:19.
Herod Archelaus ruled Judea, Samaria, and Idumea.
Herod Philip II ruled north of Galilee–Ituraea & Trachonitis (Lk 3:1).
Herod Antipas ruled Galilee & Perea (Lk 3:1).
Son of Herod the King.
There are other Herods also.
lineage of some of them.
there are many places where a commentary follows.
These add more meaning to the subject of a verse.
and just read the scriptures and their breakdown.
but knowledge of some subjects would be lost.


text:
China asserts right to drill in disputed sea as stand-off mounts
BEIJING — China insisted yesterday it had every right to drill for oil off Vietnam's coast and warned its neighbour to immediately leave the area around the deep-sea rig where Chinese and Vietnamese ships are engaged in a tense stand-off.
With the ships jostling each other since China deployed the rig last weekend in disputed South China Sea waters, the United States warned both sides to de-escalate tensions and urged China to clarify its claims to the territory.
The stalemate underlines the apparently intractable nature of many of China's territorial disputes with its neighbours. The ship stand-off — with both sides accusing the other of ramming ships — has raised the possibility of a conflict in the South China Sea's most serious incident in years.
Vietnam's main stock market index recorded its biggest one-day drop since 2001 on fears of a protracted stalemate or possible conflict between the neighbouring nations, which have fought two naval skirmishes in the waters since 1974 and have a history of conflict going back 1,000 years.
The stand-off started on May 1, when China moved a deep-sea oil rig into waters close to the Paracel Islands in what most analysts believe was an especially assertive move to help cement its claims of sovereignty over the area. Vietnam, which says the islands belong to it, immediately despatched ships.
On Wednesday, Vietnam said Chinese vessels had repeatedly rammed and fired water cannons at its ships, damaging several of them, and showed footage of the incidents. China insisted it had not done any wrong and said it had maintained a lot of restraint in the face of intensive provocations by Vietnam that were endangering its personnel and property. It has said it will continue with its drilling activities while the area is typhoon-free in May, June and July.
"It's the Vietnamese vessels that are provoking this issue. It's the Vietnamese vessels that are ramming into Chinese vessels," said Mr Yi Xianliang, deputy director-general of the department of Boundary and Ocean Affairs of China's Foreign Ministry.
Mr Yi said China's operations in the waters were completely legal, legitimate and justified because the waters were China's inherent territory.
His comments were a departure from earlier remarks by Vice-Foreign Minister Cheng Guoping, who said he believed there had been no "clash" at sea, though he did not have detailed knowledge of what had happened.
Mr Yi said Vietnam had, within five days, despatched 35 vessels that rammed into Chinese ships 171 times. He said the Vietnamese ships included armed vessels, but on the Chinese side there were only civilian or non-armed government vessels.
Mr Yi added that China stood ready to discuss the issue with Vietnam, but the precondition is that Vietnam must put an end to the disruption of Chinese operations and must remove its vessels and personnel at the scene.
"We can appropriately resolve this issue. We have the ability, confidence and wisdom to do so," he added.
Mr Ngo Ngoc Thu, deputy commander of Vietnam Coast Guard, said the situation remained tense, but there had been no contact yesterday.
"The two sides are still shadowboxing with each other,'' he said. "We don't care about what China said. We have been only doing our job, which is protecting our territory and sovereignty. We only sent ships following the laws, but China has missile ships supporting its civilian ships."
Vietnam is usually careful about comments against China, for which it relies on for political support and bilateral trade that surpassed US$50 billion (S$62.3 billion) last year. Still, Hanoi has strongly condemned the operation of the drilling rig, the first such action by Beijing in contested waters, and told the owners, China's state-run oil company CNOOC, to remove it.
Hanoi has also hinted at international legal action and said it had requested dialogue with China's leadership, but was awaiting a response.
China has been increasingly pressing its claims in the South China Sea, which it claims almost in its entirety. This is bringing it into conflict with Vietnam and the Philippines, which also claim parts of the water, as do Malaysia, Brunei and Taiwan.
The United States' position is that it does not take sides in the dispute, but shares regional concerns about China's growing clout. It has criticised Beijing's latest move as "provocative".
Mr Daniel Russel, the Assistant Secretary of State for East Asia and the Pacific, urged both sides to use restraint and avoid taking unilateral actions, and urged China to detail its legal claims to the waters. He met senior Vietnamese leaders yesterday and said the row had been discussed at length.
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