Online promotion is the most hot and happening phenomena in the web industry nowadays. Web 2.0 has cited the immense changes since its beginning. There was a time when dot com bubble grew like anything (1994 – 99) and everybody got excited about this new online market, a lot of companies popped up in order to take advantage of it, people were eager to invest in anything that had "internet" somewhere in the business plan, but they forgot to look for actual ways to make money off of their ventures. They just thought, let's get people browsing our sites and we'll figure out the rest later. But this was against all the theories of management and it had to fail. And finally the day came one when the biggest website of the world announced that it has no source of income and the ads on yahoo and other websites are of no use, this lead to the burst of dot com bubble. March 2000 was the time which faced the biggest financial turmoil. But after Google introduced his new ad algorithm which had the biggest tool – RELEVANCY in it, the dot com industry recovered and now since then its growing without looking back.
Online promotion is the process of promoting product or services using internet. Though in India yet only 7 % people are using internet and then also India stands on 4th number in total internet users of the world. If we talk of the world 28.7 % of the world's population and in last ten years usage of internet has seen the growth percentage of 444.6 % and in India it was 1,520 %. Now these statistics shows the future and importance of online marketing and promotion.
Today a number of companies are there who are earning high only through online promotions. All the real estate, travels and e commerce websites have been in the market and earning well just by internet marketing and online promotions. They pay different to search engine for paid listings of their ads and from those ads they get a huge amount of business.
Online market has a huge potential as every day internet users are growing at a rapid pace. There is a lot of untapped market and this market will increase in multiples in coming time. So companies who are earning well are not just enjoying the profits but are also making themselves ready for the coming future challenges and opportunities.
SEO & SMO or long term and future oriented promotion of the websites and are time taking processes but if once you are positioned well then it very good as it becomes hard for your present or new competitors to beat you. But online advertisements like Par Per click or Pay per cost are short term and instant ways to get traffic and business.


Offering start to a youngster is a gift that nothing at all can match. Unfortunately, with this particular gift also occur quite a few alterations to some Females's body that are often hard to reverse with just diet and workout.
Methods can all be carried out without delay so that you don't need to go through surgical treatment and Restoration in excess of when, but they're able to however be completed individually when you so opt for. A mommy makeover could be worthwhile in restoring your self-esteem and creating you are feeling like you again.
39 yr. previous mother of 5 Children by five C-sections all set to get her overall body back again! She felt she had absent as far as she could with physical exercise. She selected a complete makeover and we did Liposuction from the hips, abdomen and inner thighs (for a complete out of three,200cc), a Brazilian Comprehensive Mastopexy with 510cc common profile silicone gel implants, heading from the C cup to your DD, and a complete Abdominoplasty.
A Mommy Makeover is not really about clothing, make-up, or hairstyles; It's really a custom-made combination of plastic medical procedures methods that happen to be carried out jointly to renew One's body immediately after pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. Evaluate our Mommy Makeover website page for details about treatment selections.
S. and past. Dr. Lille has intensive training in doing Mommy Makeover surgery and he is amongst the handful of industry experts while in the nation specializing in Mommy Makeover strategies.
It truly is typical for Females to absence slumber, exercise, and nutrition as a result of calls for of parenthood, but In spite of suitable diet regime and physical exercise some Ladies have explanation a hard time obtaining their entire body back again to what it once was.
By obtaining all methods accomplished concurrently you will only have to go through recovery and any irritation connected to it only one time.
Mothers check here who breastfed are left with sagging breasts, as the volume was lost after nursing the child, leading to flatter breasts.
Having youngsters might be amongst the greatest items of everyday living. Sad to say, the alterations Your whole body goes as a result of can generally get their toll on the skin and Total shape rendering it quite challenging to regain your pre-pregnancy figure.
This stretching may perhaps bring about a breakage on the pores and skin collagen, often known as stretch marks. These changes normally come to be far more evident right after childbirth and nursing. The Mommy Makeover is usually a number of plastic surgical treatment methods that will help reverse these outcomes along with aesthetically enhance the spots straight impacted by pregnancy. From time to time the series of procedures is generally known as the "postpartum plastic medical procedures trifecta" which includes a tummy tuck, breast carry furthermore augmentation, and liposuction of your legs, arms, belly, and reduce again. Several Girls also are opting to go through a buttock elevate at the same time to stay away from One more liposuction treatment. That is certainly the beauty of the Mommy Makeover, as they might incorporate any or all these system contouring techniques depending on site your needs and needs.
On the subject of motherhood, there is an immeasurable quantity of give-and-take, and moms are likely to set their needs and wishes on the backburner for their relatives. This involves their particular very well-getting and visual appearance.
Lots of women eliminate the youthful firmness, form and volume in their breasts and obtain extend marks and drooping with pregnancy. Breast feeding, including the full duration and the volume of youngsters, might make this influence drastically worse.


Earlier this year, I started a business with 3 other people. One partner of mine had just informed me that he has his own LLC doing the same thing our business does. He plans to have his children work for this company. Is this Legal? I feel like he would be taking business away from our company. Is there anything I can do to stop this? Can I add something to the Operating agreement?
Unfortunately, I do not believe so.
This would be the same situation as if you were starting another car dealer ship for example. You would be somewhat taking business away from other car company's. But this is perfectly legal. You are allowed to start up another business that does the same as another business.
Depending on where this man lives, it usually is legal to have family members work for you. Some states (or other countries) do have laws as to when one can work by age. However this is something I cannot answer for you. But I didn't think this was your main question. But if you wanted to make sure that he is doing it legally by having him have his children work for him, it is something you will need to look into depending on where the man lives.
Hopefully this information has helped you some. I'm sure someone else around here can answer your main question a little more specifically.


text:
Thank You, WGC Members!
Many thanks to all of our members - long-time and new - who have given to the WGC recently. You are appreciated!
Cyndi Gula, Kate Schulze, Julia McCready, Donna Richardson, Jennifer Bodensiek, Lynne Schaefer, Shirley Harden, Roslyn Jones, Keedra Brown, Sandra te Plate, Shannon Schneider, Melissa Curtin, Megan Bruno, Jacqueline Burrell, Christine Meket, Nadine Green, Jade McDuffie McClary, Kimberly Agnor, Britt Spears, Beatrice Dane, Beth Harbinson, Buffy Beaudoin-Schwartz, Paula Seabright, Kari Staddon, Lisa de Hernandez, Ellen Flynn Giles, Robyn Peters, Susan Clack, Arlene Sheff, Jordan Turner, Hima Jain, Valerie Beyers, Bonnie Bricker, Kay Fandetti, Connie Matheson, Tanya Rapacz, Heather Yeung, Kathryn Ariano, Robin Sturman, Lisa Schoenbrodt, Valerie Montague, Patricia Clifford, Christina and Jim Beaudoin, Carole Fisher, Ulrike Jaller, Howard County Dads, Theresa Billow-Supple, Sharice Hammond, Jade McDuffie McClary, Jessica Feldmark
Save the Date! March 8, 2022 - WGC's 20th Year Annual Celebration
The Women's Giving Circle of Howard County is building a community of philanthropists and creating a permanent legacy to address the needs of women and girls in Howard County. We bring women together to learn about issues impacting women and girls in our community, and pool our dollars to fund programs that address those issues so we can have a greater impact together than we might otherwise have alone.
The WGC was founded in 2002 with 16 founding members. We started almost 20 years ago with multiple giving levels as we built an endowment. Today, we have hundreds of members who have given in the last 20 years, have awarded approximately $750,000 in grants to date, and have built a $1.2 M+ endowment.
Please Save the Date for March 8, 2022 for our 20th Anniversary Annual Celebration, on International Women's Day, and stay tuned for a number of opportunities to learn more about our history, our impact, our future plans, and how you can join us throughout 2022!
Latest WGC Emergency Response Network Request - Thank You!
Thank you for supporting our recent Women's Giving Circle of Howard County (WGC) Emergency Response Network (ERN) request for $1,000 on behalf of our nonprofit partners at the Howard County Autism Society to support one of their clients who has been hospitalized with Covid-19.
Within 30 minutes we reached our goal of $1,000 and by the end of the day had raised $1,600 to support her.
This woman was hospitalized recently with Covid-19, and the entire family is now ill. She has a 19 year-old son with autism and two other boys, and she is the main caregiver for her autistic son. Because they have been ill, nobody in the family has been able to work for several weeks.
Many thanks to everyone who took action and donated to support this woman in need in our community through our partners at the Howard County Autism Society.
This is the power of a giving circle.
In the 19+ years we've had the Emergency Response Network women have responded to our call to action and have given together to meet and/or exceed every single request, resulting in over $100,000 to directly support over 100 women and their families in Howard County.
Thank you for being a part of the Women's Giving Circle of Howard County and this powerful network supporting women and their families in our community!
If you have any questions about the WGC or our Emergency Response Network, please email wgcexecutivedirector@wgchowardcounty.org.
3 Questions With Philanthropist, Bach Jeffrey, DDS - WGC's "Our Giving, Our Stories" - In Celebration of Asian Pacific American Heritage Month 2021
"The Women's Giving Circle is dear to my heart. It promotes confidence in young girls to help them face the world. I am reminded of my late mother who was very strict about sharing our resources with those less fortunate.
She encouraged me to get an education, to make a living and to give back to my community. I am so delighted that my contributions to JA (Junior Achievement) Rising Women have given young girls an opportunity to excel in areas that interest them."
 - Bach Jeffrey
Learn more about the WGC's "Our Giving, Our Stories", a year-long series of giving profiles designed to celebrate women's philanthropy and amplify the voices of women and girls in Howard County.
Dr. Jeffrey was born in Saigon, Viet Nam. Her family emigrated first to Switzerland, then to the US. She is a graduate of UMBC and the University of Maryland Dental School. Overcoming language and cultural barriers, she became a dentist with a practice in downtown Columbia. She and her husband Bob have been active philanthropists in Howard County. They were early active supporters of the Women's Giving Circle, underwriting the Junior Achievement JA Women Rising program. Her profile outlines some of their other philanthropic ventures, which includes the Community Foundation of Howard County; FIRN; Leadership, Howard County; Howard Community College and many others dating back over thirty years.
WGC aims to provide a more equitable platform for women to engage in our work
Like most organizations, COVID-19 has necessitated that the Women's Giving Circle (WGC) of Howard County conduct the business of the WGC virtually this past year.
While not planned, we have found that not only have we been successful in doing so, but it has allowed more women to engage and participate on a regular basis in our Executive Committee, Advisory Board, Committee meetings, and our virtual events.
The WGC Advisory Board has made a policy change regarding the work of the WGC: moving forward, even when we can gather in person again, we will conduct the majority of the WGC business virtually. As a part of our overall Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Efforts, WGC will virtually conduct the Advisory Board, Executive Committee and Committee meetings. WGC will focus on being together in-person for our ongoing Giving, Learning, Networking, and Celebrating events throughout the year.
Moving forward, as a women's organization, the WGC believes that conducting WGC business virtually will be of assistance to women as they strive to reach a healthy work/life balance. We hope that this policy change will remove obstacles presented for women who wish to volunteer and have either traditional workplace commitments or who may have family, health, or other life commitments.
"Our goal is to continue to increase inclusivity while having more diverse voices at the 'virtual" table'" said Hina Naseem and Judy Smith, WGC DEI Committee Co-Chairs. "We hope by conducting our WGC operations virtually, we will be providing a more equitable platform for women to engage in the work of the WGC."
We hope that by making this shift in policy, we will encourage other organizations to consider the same - resulting in a more diverse group of women engaging in volunteer efforts in our community now, and in the future.
"It's a win-win-win scenario" said Barb Van Winkle, WGC Advisory Board Chair. "Our organization, our volunteers, and our community all win."
Having a greater impact together
WGC eNewsletter - April 2021

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The on-line Faculty Handbook provides basic information for faculty and is intended to be a general summary of university policies, guidelines and resources. It should be used as a reference guide to orient faculty to the Health Science Center and also direct faculty to more detailed sources of information. It is not the purpose of the Faculty Handbook to serve as a manual of administrative or departmental procedures. Questions concerning specific issues should be addressed to the department administrator, school/college, human resources representative, or appropriate area.


Database containing detailed data and information about Internet Café in the Czech and Slovak Republics. The users have an opportunity to use a full text searching, a performance measurement of the individual Café together with an option to add a commentary.
Data about cybercafés may not be up to date. You should contact cybercafé before your visit ! (it may not exist at all).
Forms on the left allow the user to use a full text searching for information about Internet Café in case it is not possible to use the selection according the towns.
In case of any questions or problems, please, contact us: info@Netcafeguide.cz.


SNHR has published its periodic report on victims who died due to torture for the month of December. The report documents the killing of no less than 476 individuals due to torture in 2016 at the hands of the main influential parties in Syria including 20 individuals in December 2016.
The report notes that the Syrian authorities denies executing any arrests and, instead, accuses Al-Qaeda and terrorist groups such as ISIS of doing so. Additionally, the Syrian regime doesn't acknowledge any torture or death-due-to-torture cases. SNHR obtains information from former prisoners or prisoners' families where most of the families get the information they have about their detained relatives through bribing officials in charge. Syrian authorities usually don't give back the dead bodies of the prisoners to their families. Also, in most cases, families are scared to go and get the dead bodies of their relatives or even their personal items from military hospitals out of fear of being arrested themselves.
The report records no less than 447 deaths due to torture at the hands of the Syrian regime forces in 2016 including two children and seven women. Additionally, eight individuals died due to torture at the hands of ISIS, and four at the hands of Fateh Al Sham Front (Formerly Al Nussra Front). Also, 10 individuals, including one child, died due to torture at the hands of armed opposition factions, while six individuals, including one woman, died due to torture at the hands of Self-management forces in addition to one case at the hands of groups the report wasn't able to identify.
73 in Homs, 64 in Damascus suburbs, 60 in Hama, 47 in Deir Ez-Zour, 34 in Aleppo, 31 in Damascus, 34 in Idlib, 10 in Al Hasaka, 9 in Al Raqqa, 8 in Latakia, 2 in Tartus, 1 in Qunietra.
The report sheds light on the toll of December 2016, where Syrian regime forces was responsible for the killing of 18 individuals due to torture, while two individuals died due to torture at the hands of armed opposition factions.
4 in Idlib, 3 in Daraa, 2 in Aleppo, 2 in Latakia, 1 in Damascus, 1 in Homs, 1 in Deir Ez-Zour, 1 in Hama.
The report notes that among the cases of victims who died due to torture were one doctor and one journalist.


Deepika Talks About Ranveer In Her First Interview After Marriage!
Deepika Padukone talks about Ranveer Singh, her marriage and her upcoming film in the first interview after the wedding!
After getting married in an intimate wedding in Italy, both Ranveer Singh and Deepika Padukone are back to work. While the actor has got busy with his upcoming film Simmba, the actress has to start prepping for Meghna Gulzar's next.
Well, it was only after their both the marriage ceremonies were over that the couple had officially shared the pictures on social media. And they had left us mesmerized. "I think the pictures we shared summed up the wedding – it was magical to have just family & friends there who mean something to you, who don't really care about who you are professionally, but are there because they love you for who you are as a person," said the actress recalling her wedding.
Watch Video: Priyanka Chopra With Bright Sindoor And Hand In Hand With Nick Jonas After Marriage At Jodhpur Airport!


text:
Q: Iterating through a an array executing a switch statement returns TypeError: Cannot assign to read only property 'location' of object '#' I have a read only array that i copied to become a mutable array let mutableForecast = [...forecast] I am taking that new array and iterating through it with forEach so i can mutate the array. im trying to use some flow control with a switch statement, but I am getting TypeError: Cannot assign to read only property 'location' of object '#<Object>'
let mutableForecast = [...forecast]
mutableForecast.forEach((obj, i) => {
    switch (obj.location) {
        case obj.location === "BRITISH_COLUMBIA":
            obj.location = "BC"
            break;
        default:
            obj.location = "oother"
    }

})

Whats the issue here? I've look at this, this, this and some others but cannot find an answer.
This is what the forecast array looks like before i copied it

A: It's hard to be sure without knowing where forecast comes from, but I suspect the problem is that the elements of the array are not plain objects, but instances of a custom type that are defined as immutable. Your third link has the likely solution. The key is that you can't convert an array of immutables into an array of mutables simply by using rest & spread in this way. You need to modify the mutability of each item in the array individually.
You probably need something like this:
let mutableForecast = [...forecast]
mutableForecast.forEach((obj, i) => {
    // make this element's location property mutable
    Object.defineProperty(obj, 'location', { writable: true })

    // calculate and set new value
    switch (obj.location) {
        case 'BRITISH_COLUMBIA':
            obj.location = 'BC'
            break;
        default:
            obj.location = 'other'
    }
})

This might also work, and I think it's cleaner. You'd have to try it to be sure:
let mutableForecast = Array.from(forecast)
.map(forecastItem => ({
    ...forecastItem,
    location: getShortLocation(forecastItem.location)
}))

function getShortLocation( sourceLocation ) {
    switch (sourceLocation) {
        case 'BRITISH_COLUMBIA': return 'BC'
        default:                 return 'other'
    }
}

The core problem we're working around is that whatever package gives you forecast, it clearly trafficks in some custom datatype, some of whose properties are defined as immutable. That fact doesn't show up when you log the objects, and it isn't changed when you convert an array-like container into an array.
That's because [...forecast] doesn't edit the items, it just copies them as-is from one data structure into another. Actually, be to precise, it copies references to those objects into a new array. If the original objects are weird things with locked properties, then your new array will consist of weird things with locked properties. If we want to change the value of that property on each element, we need to redefine the property before doing so.
Consider a case like this:
let myDog = {
    species: 'dog',
    name: 'Fido'
}
//> myDog { species: 'dog', name: 'Fido' }

We can create another object with the same properties like so:
let congruentAnimal = {
    ...myDog
}
//> congruentAnimal { species: 'dog', name: 'Fido' }

If the same property names occurs twice, the engine will only honor the last one:
let myDog = {
    species: 'cat',
    name: 'Fido',
    species: 'dog' // this will cause cat to be ignored
}
//> myDog { name: 'Fido', species: 'dog' }

So, we can override individual object properties while copying by re-declaring those properties last:
let anotherCongruentAnimal = {
    ...myDog,
    species: 'NEW DOG'
}
//> anotherCongruentAnimal { name: 'Fido', species: 'NEW DOG' }

That's what is going on in that second snippet. Here's an expanded version:
// create a real array whose elements are *references* to
// the objects in the array-like forecast
let arrayOfImmutableForecasts = Array.from(forecast)

// create another real array of new objects
// whose property names, values, and metadata are
// the same as the source objects
let arrayOfMutableForecasts = arrayOfImmutableForecasts.map(originalObject => {
    let newObject = {
        // I think this will also preserve special rules like immutability
        ...originalObject,

        // before we finalize the object, we declare a new simple property
        // the engine will _drop_ the implied prop declaration from above
        // and define the prop based on this simple declaration instead
        location: 'new value'
    }

    return newObject
})

A: It seems like you are not allowed to mutate the location property of the objects in the array...
You can try creating a clone of the object and mutate that:
let mutableForecast = [...forecast]
mutableForecast = mutableForecast.map(obj => {
    const location = obj.location
    const objClone = {}
    for (const key in obj) {
        if (key !== 'location') objClone[key] = obj[key]
    }
    switch (location) {
        case "BRITISH_COLUMBIA":
            objClone.location = "BC"
            break;
        default:
            objClone.location = "other"
    }
    return objClone
})

If that fails, you can try creating a new property insteade, and later read that property:
let mutableForecast = [...forecast]
mutableForecast.forEach((obj, i) => {
    switch (obj.location) {
        case "BRITISH_COLUMBIA":
            obj.newLocation = "BC"
            break;
        default:
            obj.newLocation = "other"
    }

})

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Business Development Manager is a key part of ReneSola Power's strategy, and maintains and expands relationships with strategically important customers. They are responsible for initiating relationships with key strategic accounts in commercial, government, and industrial sectors. Identify and develop new customers (subscribers) for energy generated by ReneSola's community solar projects in the Midwest (Minnesota); Participate in full life cycle sales and lead generation of commercial, industrial, and institutional clients; Consultative selling, determining customer needs and presenting tailored solutions; Work with the ReneSola technical support team to answer technical questions from clients; Independently close deals while maintaining key client relationships; Provide feedback to supervisor regarding customer development and sales forecast; Attend weekly sales meetings.
Requirements: Work experience of 5+ years in a sales driven environment; Bachelor's Degree with some affinity and aptitude for science and math; Proven track record in sales and interacting with customers and clients; Experience with educating prospects and an ability to explain complex product offering in a clear and understandable way; General knowledge of renewable energy is desired, but not necessary. Renesola offers excellent training; Skilled in Microsoft Office suite of products; Energetic and creative personality.
Interested applicants should send your updated resume to jake.snow@renesolapower.com.


They are produced only from pure and natural ingredients. One of the healthiest snack choices at all times. Easy to eat them during the whole day, accompany cheese and meat plates, salads, dips and drinks like tea and milk deserts, and all kinds of alcoholic beverages.
The "ADAMANTINA HOUSE" has been operating since 2007 in the area of traditional & organic food products, such as pasta, cookies, nuts. Their facilities are in a modern factory in Glykovrysi Lakonias. Have modern production lines with machines that guarantee quality. A big chunk of production relies on the excellent trained manpower, and many products are handmade with pure raw materials, mainly of laconian earth (milk, eggs, oranges, olive oil). "ADAMANTINA HOUSE" is certified with HACCP and ISO 22000.


text:
El BRD Bucarest Open 2014 fue un torneo profesional de tenis jugado en canchas de arcilla roja.Fue la primera edición del torneo y parte del WTA Tour 2014. Se llevó a cabo en Arenele BNR en Bucarest, Rumania entre el 7 y el 13 de julio de 2014.

Cabeza de serie

Individual

Dobles

Campeonas

Individual

 Simona Halep venció a  Roberta Vinci por 6-1, 6-3

Dobles

 Elena Bogdan /  Alexandra Cadanțu vencieron a  Çağla Büyükakçay /  Karin Knapp por 6-4, 3-6, [10-5]

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio oficial en inglés

Torneo WTA de Bucarest 2014

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Refurbished HP 14" 6460B Laptop PC has everything you need to compute on the go. Microsoft Windows 7 Professional lets you complete any task.
The Refurbished HP 14" 6440B Laptop PC has everything you need to compute on the go. Microsoft Windows 7 Professional lets you complete any task.


text:
Publisher - magazine for architects and related professionals
A+Dwire
Design Source Guide
CMLC
University of Calgary's School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape opens…
Calgary's newly renamed School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape has officially opened an innovative research hub in downtown Calgary: the City Building…
Three Firms Selected As Primary Consultants For BMO Centre's $500-million…
After receiving proposals from firms across the globe, the Calgary Municipal Land Corporation (CMLC) and the Calgary Stampede selected Stantec, Populous, and S2…
Made possible with the support of the Ontario Media Development Corporation
© -2023 . All Rights Reserved | Click here for our Privacy Policy
Canadian Architect and canadianarchitect.com is a production of iQ Business Media Inc. The contents of this Publication and Website are protected by copyright and may be used only for your personal non-commercial purposes. All other rights are reserved and commercial uses including publication, broadcast or redistribution in any medium are prohibited. Permission to copy must be sought from the copyright owner, being either iQ Business Media Inc. or its suppliers. For further information, contact: Canadian Architect at Tel: 416-441-2085 ext. 1 or Email: [email protected]
Publishers of:
Canadian Interiors Building Design Source Guide Supply Professional


Your Dream Phone - what would it feature?
No doubt, if they wanted, the phone makers could make a device that really combines all features currently spread over a range of handsets and OS's, but they won't sell it. What'd be that 'next greatest ever thing' to advertise, right?
So, lets share our ideas of what'd make a perfect phone. Maybe someone will pay attention (I'm very optimistic pffft).
I'll start: basically my perfect phone would be a re-launched Nokia N900 with Maemo, a 4.3'' capacative multi-touch screen, a slightly bigger hardware keyboard and an embedded jvm.
No doubt, if they wanted, the phone makers could make a device that really combines all features currently spread over a range of handsets and OS's, but they won't sell it. What'd be that 'next greatest ever thing' to advertise, right? So, lets share our ideas of what'd make a perfect phone. Maybe someone will pay attention (I'm very optimistic pffft). I'll start: basically my perfect phone would be a re-launched Nokia N900 with Maemo, a 4.3'' capacative multi-touch screen, a slightly bigger hardware keyboard and an embedded jvm.
I just remembered another feature I want: kinetic charging / battery boosting.
Fact is the US military has patents for the kind of tech needed to keep something like a mobile or radio going for much much longer than the stuff us mere mortals get. And I remember Nokia were working on a way to harnass environmental EMR to charge batteries in phones - interesting! Anyhow, give me what my E61 could do 4 years ago: go for at least 2 days no matter what you throw at it!
@ cloaked, yes, I hope the N9 will appear after all the MS meddling :) I just remembered another feature I want: kinetic charging / battery boosting. Fact is the US military has patents for the kind of tech needed to keep something like a mobile or radio going for much much longer than the stuff us mere mortals get. And I remember Nokia were working on a way to harnass environmental EMR to charge batteries in phones - interesting! Anyhow, give me what my E61 could do 4 years ago: go for at least 2 days no matter what you throw at it!
iPhone with infra red (remote control) and a built in pico projector ..... Job done.
Easy iPhone with infra red (remote control) and a built in pico projector ..... Job done.
Nice security feature to prevent one from calling when completely drunk.
PS. Why is **** blocked?
[quote]i want a phone with -better security like voice reconization or face reconisation:p [/quote] Nice security feature to prevent one from calling when completely drunk. PS. Why is **** blocked?
I still want tactile feedback on touchscreens. The idea that I could "feel" the onscreen button would make it feel far more real again. Seen something moving towards this http://www.tomshardware.co.uk/Disney-Research-Touchscreen-Tactile-Feedback,news-39792.html but not quite there. Besides, the obvious solution is magnets. It's always magnets.
I still want tactile feedback on touchscreens. The idea that I could "feel" the onscreen button would make it feel far more real again. Seen something moving towards this [url=http://www.tomshardware.co.uk/Disney-Research-Touchscreen-Tactile-Feedback]http://www.tomshardware.co.uk/Disney-Research-Touchscreen-Tactile-Feedback[/url],news-39792.html but not quite there. Besides, the obvious solution is magnets. It's always magnets.
All "swear" words are blocked as this is meant to be a family friendly site. Despite that, I have no issue with people replacing one letter with a * so it shows up. They're just words, just about every 6 year old with any kind of life knows them all anyway.
[quote][quote][quote][quote]i want a phone with -better security like voice reconization or face reconisation:p [/quote] Nice security feature to prevent one from calling when completely drunk. PS. Why is **** blocked? [/quote] Why is what blocked? :P[/quote] pis*ed[/quote] All "swear" words are blocked as this is meant to be a family friendly site. Despite that, I have no issue with people replacing one letter with a * so it shows up. They're just words, just about every 6 year old with any kind of life knows them all anyway.


So you wish to call from Lesotho to Islamic Republic of Iran on a budget with our calling cards.
If you would like to find out more dialling codes to Islamic Republic of Iran from Lesotho, simply use the drop down menu and select your dialling destinations.
You can chose from a range of telephone cards to Islamic Republic of Iran from Lesotho by looking at the list below. Once you have made your selection of the best calling card to Islamic Republic of Iran you can activate it online and begin calling.
Unlike most other Lesotho dialling cards, this Lesotho dialling card offers you great value for all calls to Islamic Republic of Iran. There are no dropout outs, no disconnection fees, and this is NOT a VOIP service.
Infact if you want to call Islamic Republic of Iran from Lesotho cheap, then you have come to the right place.


text:
require "spec_helper"

describe PulseMeter::Visualize::Widgets::Line do
  it_should_behave_like "widget"
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Taiwan Industry Updates / Auto Parts & Accessories / Supplier News
Yow Jung Emerges as World's Major Supplier of Ignition & Electronic Systems for Combustion Engines
Aug 23, 2016 | By Steve
Yow Jung is one of Taiwan's major suppliers of ignition distributor assemblies and related parts and components for internal combustion engines.
Ever since founded in 1979, Yow Jung Enterprise Co. (YJAUTO) has been engaged in developing and manufacturing ignition and electronic systems for combustion engines with strong commitment to speedy R&D, thoughtful service and top quality, hence emerging as a major player in the global supply chain of auto parts.
Following nearly 40 years of development and dedication to R&D, YJAUTO has effectively broadened application of its products from car engines to internal combustion engines for forklifts, ATVs and motorcycles, and diesel engines and generators used in heavy equipment.
Drawing on its extensive know-how about auto electrical and electronic parts to continuously research and develop related products, the company has established a comprehensive lineup, encompassing several hundreds of kinds of ignition distributor assemblies, direct coils, air flow sensors, throttle bodies, idle speed motors, crankshaft and camshaft sensors, and so forth, making itself an industry-leading provider of total solutions to EMSs (engine management systems).
One key factor among others enabling YJAUTO to achieve its current success is its devotion to continuous improvements of R&D and daily operations. Investing considerably in R&D every year, the company boasts in-house mold developing and processing capabilities, as well as integrated in-house production using CAD and CAM technologies, hence ensuring customers shorter time-to-market and great manufacturing flexibility. Thanks to the implementation of e-management on daily operations, this maker has been certified by TS16949, ISO9001, ISO14001 and OHSAS18001. With decades of experience in exporting, YJAUTO is an ideal partner who can help shore up customers' businesses.
For more information, please visit the website: www.yowjung.com


On a sunny and beautiful day I am always wearing sunglasses. I have learned that sun damage is not very chic! So, I tend to stock up on a lot of styles for the summer so that I never get bored. I like to get one nice pair for the year, but then buy fun and funky styles for cheap. These were a great buy for the cat eye trend! I scooped them up at Nasty Gal. Perfect and I didn't break the bank!
I took these pictures before I left for over a week. It has been strange being away from reality, but I must say it has been kind of nice. However, I am so beat. My boyfriend and I competed in the Crossfit Southwest Sectionals. I competed with a team and he did it individually. I knew as a team we wouldn't move on because the other girl and I could not do ring dips, but it was fun and exhausting. My boyfriend took top 4 for the men and is moving on to the games in July! I hope to update the site more soon, but I may be a little behind for a while.
Dylana from Nana in Wonderland! Congrats girl!
Love the outfit...... I am esp loving the glasses.... fab..
I love those shorts! They are the perfect length. Congrats to the winner!
love your outfit, and cool boots!
Love the shoes, great detailing.
Hey Taylor, will you be going to the Divas at the Diva event on Tuesday, May 18th??? I'm going, I'd love to see you there and get a photo with you :) Those sunglasses are AMAZING!!! I love them so much! You're looking so chic, my dear!
Love this! And those sunglasses are amazing!!
Well done on competing! That's impressive :) Love your glasses, they are gorgeous.
That is so awesome!! I love the crossfit exercises. You also look beautiful. Great choice on the glasses.
u look amazing! I really love those sunglasses! I enjoy coming across some funky sunglasses for each summer!
Love those sunglasses on you! I have an extremely similar pair that I got at Black & Brown in San Jose. They're silly-looking on me but I wear them anyway.
Congrats to you and your boyfriend! I'm guessing I wouldn't want to tangle with either one of you in a dark alley!
Super cute!! I would love tot hear more about your workouts and competitions! How cool! And I have been on the hunt for cat eye,s I love those!
love the sunglasses, you look awesome!
cannot wait to choose something off their website!
Congrats for Colormena! Alywas follow her blog, she's great!
And, about you, your sunglasses are simply gorgeous, love them!
beautiful outfit. The third pic is very beautiful.
so happy you're back :) love this look and especially the pop of color the lipstick adds!
Wohoo... congrats to you and your boyfriend! What a tuff couple! :D I just convinced my boyfriend to come to a spinning class with me! It was hillarious!
Love this look, so simple yet superchic!
wow!!! you look stunning!! love this outfit!! especially the blouse and the shorts!!
Congrats to you and your bf!
Your shoes are amazing. They look really unique and pretty!
Adore this look, the bag and sunnies.....total perfection.
Gorgeous outfit! Love your blouse!
Congrats to you and your boyfriend - such a great personal accomplishment!
Love this look on you! Your shoes are incredible.
you look gorgeous, the sunglasses are stunning!
Love the bag + those booties!
You know I love the shorts look. And I love that blouse!
I really love that bag! It's perfect for summer!
Love the outfit- esp love the bag! So chic!
i absolutely love this look! and love the heels from tobi!!
Well congrats to him! What a great accomplishment!
LOVE those sunglass, I need them, I may cat burgle your style!
Oh I am so jealous of your cat eye sunglasses! I went over to Nasty Gal and they've sold out-no surprise. Just thought I'd look. You look amazing as always. I love your boots.
wonderful look, i love how the shoes and the sunglasses take the simple but chic outfit up a notch.
Follow me when you get a chance!
Lucky girl! I love your sunglasses!
Great sunglasses, they look great on you!
You are absolutely adorable! Love your style & so lovely to see you over at ML.
Really great details to this outfit, love the shoes!
OOoooh loving the outfit!! This is the perfect spring style!
Girl you're beautiful! I love the style of this outfit, this is very elegant !
Love the length of the shorts, they give the outfit a different spin.
I love your outfit...really chic!
Also, I've just started the whole crossfit program and I am literally about to die!!!
thanks so much for stopping by my blog doll! us fashionistas should def stick together!
i'm absolutely loving your style. and i love your shorts that you're wearing!
AMAZING!!! I'm loving your lip color so harddddd.
I love the bag....and I hate Banana Republic for not having shops in Farnce!
I love those sunglasses on you! congratulations to the winner!


text:
Tag: NPR
A classical guitarist from Kykotsmovi
On February 8, 2010 June 27, 2010 By Matthew Sakiestewa GilbertIn Hopi news of interest, Hopi youth1 Comment
When I was younger I studied classical guitar with Tom Sheeley at Northern Arizona University. I had dreams of becoming a professional Spanish classical guitarist, but that aspiration never came to be. Below is an article about a sixteen year old Hopi guitarist named Malcolm Mowa from Kykotsmovi. One of his compositions titled "Aerial Ice" was recently aired on National Public Radio. I am looking forward to hearing more about this Hopi musician in the future.
The story and photo are courtesy of Stan Bindell and the Navajo-Hopi Observer (NHO). Many thanks to Wells Mahkee Jr., Managing Editor of NHO, for granting me permission to republish this story on my blog. Here is the link to the original source: http://navajohopiobserver.com/main.asp?SectionID=74&subsectionID=111&articleID=12247
Hopi student's music hits national airwaves
Stan Bindell, The Observer
POLACCA, Ariz. – A Hopi High School music student has hit the national airwaves. Malcolm Mowa had his musical composition, "Aerial Ice," performed on National Public Radio. He wrote the piece, which was performed by Ethel, a four-string quartet.
Mowa, a 16-year old junior, said Ethel performed great and he was excited about having his piece aired nationally. He initially wrote the piece as part of the Grand Canyon Music Festival when artist in residence Raven Chacone came to Hopi High and taught six students how to compose.
Mowa learned about his piece being aired nationally when it was announced over the school's intercom. "It motivates me to want to do more with music," he said.
"I want to go to school for music composition and guitar." He also wants to learn to play the piano. Mowa said his parents were excited and happy about his composition being aired nationally.
"Everybody wants to hear it, but nobody knows when it was played," he said. Thomas Irwin, band teacher at Hopi High, was equally ecstatic about Mowa's piece getting national airtime.
"It was great, cool," he said. "There are new people at NPR working on programming."
The new programming allows the top high school students from throughout the nation to have their pieces aired. One of Irwin's former students at Monument Valley High School received a $10,000 endowment for his work.
Irwin said he hopes Mowa stays serious about his musical work because he can major in guitar or composition, and scholarships are available to him.
"I'm confident he can get scholarships," Irwin said. "He's a great example of what can happen when kids apply themselves. Chances are we'll get more success stories."
Irwin said Mowa's fellow students were happy for him, although some teased him about his success.
Mowa said "Aerial Ice" was a happy tune about how he felt at the time. It's classical music and it's just instrumental; there are no words. He added that he likes classical music better than hip hop or rap.
"It's better than a lot of the music that's out there. It's mellow, nice – not bad stuff," he said.
Mowa likes alternative rock, classic rock and pop music.
Mowa is also part of the Hopi High guitar class, which recently performed at the Hopi Cultural Center and other places in the community.
"It was weird because we were playing off to the side while people were eating, but people were happy we were playing. They would put down their food and listen," he said. Mowa, who also plays baseball, maintains a B average and hopes to get a music scholarship to college. He is the son of Uberta and Clifton Mowa from Kykotsmovi.
Navajo-Hopi Observer
"Kwa'a, kwakwha' um nuy siiva maqa": Speaking Hopi to Grandpa
On December 30, 2009 January 18, 2010 By Matthew Sakiestewa GilbertIn Hopi language, Hopi youth2 Comments
When I received my advanced degree in history from UC Riverside my grandparents made the trip from Moencopi to Southern California to see me graduate. We had a big celebration and one of the gifts my grandparents gave me was a card with a check inside. After opening the card I immediately thanked my grandmother, but I waited to thank my grandfather until I was able to do so in Hopi. As my grandfather was sitting in his truck, ready to make the trip back to the reservation, I said to him: "Kwa'a, kwakwha' um nuy siiva maqa" ("Grandpa, thank you for the money that you gave me"). He looked up at me and said one word: "owi'." The literal English translation of "owi'" is "yes," but in this context it meant much more. At that very moment I connected with my grandfather at a level that would have been impossible in English. Hopi was his first language and it is the language that he prefers.
Growing up in the mountain community of Flagstaff, I thought my grandfather was a man of few words. I do not recall having long conversations with him when I was a child. But as I got older I realized that my grandfather was a man of few words in English and not Hopi. I sometimes wonder how my relationship with my grandfather would be different if I knew how to speak more Hopi. In my immediate family we say that kwa'a only listens to my dad, because my dad speaks to him in Hopi. We say this jokingly, but there is truth to it. Even today when our family gets together my dad and his father can be heard conversing in the Hopi language.
A lifelong goal of mine is to be able to speak fluent Hopi. I have a long way to go before I reach this goal. Hopis are proud that much of our culture remains intact. Many of our ceremonies continue, we remain on portions of our ancestral lands, and Hopi is still spoken. But our parents and grandparents will tell you that fewer and fewer Hopis are able to speak their language. Fortunately, efforts are being made by people such as Sheilah E. Nicholas of the Hopilavayi Project and many others to encourage and help Hopis reverse this problem.
On a related note, Louellyn White, one of our American Indian Studies postdoctoral fellows at the University of Illinois, and Teresa McCarty of Arizona State University, recently informed me about a new story that National Public Radio (NPR) released on Hopi language and youth. The title of this program is "Hopi Teens Worry About Loss of Culture." This program briefly examines Hopi language loss at U.S. government schools and the issues Hopi youth face as they try to live as Hopis in today's world. It is a fascinating story. If you would like to listen to the 5 minute program and/or view the transcript, click here.


text:
Chips 101: A Fab 8 primer
Toll Gate Ice Cream in Slingerlands looking to reopen on rail trail
Barbershop where people barter, banter reflects its deep roots
CEG study shows growing clout of local video game cluster
Capitalize Albany offers $300K for grant programs
Hudson Valley firm sinks $10M into third fund for startups
Schumer invites U.S. Commerce secretary to Albany Nanotech
New York will benefit from federal offshore wind leases
Cost, complexity of GlobalFoundries operation explained
Larry Rulison
GlobalFoundries Fab 8 General Manager Eric Choh talks about the chip making process during a gathering of local officials at the HVCC TEC-SMART campus on Wednesday March 28, 2012 in Malta, NY. (Philip Kamrass / Times Union )
Philip KamrassShow MoreShow Less
GlobalFoundries Fab 8 General Manager Eric Choh listens during a presentation about the chip making process to a gathering of local officials at the HVCC TEC-SMART campus on Wednesday March 28, 2012 in Malta, NY. (Philip Kamrass / Times Union )
4of9GlobalFoundries Fab 8 General Manager Eric Cho, left, and GlobalFoundries Director of Government Relations Mike Russo, right, listen during a presentation about the chip making process to a gathering of local officials at the HVCC TEC-SMART campus on Wednesday March 28, 2012 in Malta, NY. (Philip Kamrass / Times Union )Philip KamrassShow MoreShow Less
5of9A computer graphic representation of silicon, shown onscreen during a GlobalFoundries presentation about the chip making process to a gathering of local officials at the HVCC TEC-SMART campus on Wednesday March 28, 2012 in Malta, NY. (Philip Kamrass / Times Union )Philip KamrassShow MoreShow Less
7of9GlobalFoundries Sean Calvelli, right, holds a single wafer carrier while talking with Village of Ballston Spa attorney Jim Fauci, left, about the chip making process during a gathering of local officials at the HVCC TEC-SMART campus on Wednesday March 28, 2012 in Malta, NY. (Philip Kamrass / Times Union )Philip KamrassShow MoreShow Less
8of9A sample of a 300 millimeter wafer of computer chips similar to those that will be made by GlobalFoundries was on display in the Saratoga County Board of Supervisors meeting room during a GlobalFoundries job fair on Thursday Jan. 12, 2012 in Ballston Spa, NY. (Philip Kamrass / Times Union )Philip KamrassShow MoreShow Less
MALTA — The computer chips inside your car — the ones that deploy the air bags, operate the cruise control and keep information flowing to the dashboard — take more time to make than does the car itself.
That's one of many insights that Mike Russo and other GlobalFoundries executives provided last week into the $300 billion semiconductor industry and the making of computer chips.
New York state has hitched the economic future of the Capital Region to the $4.6 billion chip "fab" GlobalFoundries is building at Luther Forest Technology Campus in Saratoga County. The state offered up nearly $700 million in cash and hundreds of millions of dollars more in tax breaks to land the project, which broke ground three years ago this July.
But although local residents have a big stake in the fab's success — thousands of new jobs, rising wages and higher property values — it's likely that most of them can't explain how a computer chip is made or tell you what it's worth.
They probably also don't know the staggering sums of capital or the enormous amounts of natural resources required to build these complex electronic brains out of 12-inch silicon wafers.
And they may not comprehend just how tiny the architecture is on these chips, which require components smaller than cellular material such as ribosomes and even viruses.
"We are reaching the physical limits of technology," Russo, director of government relations for GlobalFoundries, said Wednesday during a "Chips 101" seminar for local elected officials that included the facts and figures used in this story.
One of the most tantalizing statistics is the amount of money — and profit — at stake in such a venture, which already employs 1,300 workers and is expected to require an additional 300 more hires by yearend.
When the factory — called Fab 8 because it will be GlobalFoundries' eighth manufacturing site in the world — reaches full capacity, $390 million worth of products will be inside at any one time in various stages of completion.
And every month, the fab will complete 60,000 wafers, each of which has the potential to generate between $3,000 and $4,000 in revenue for the company from customers who will use the chips to run desktop computers, laptops and tablets like the iPad, and cellphones and even cars.
The man in charge of making sure all runs smoothly is Eric Choh, who was named general manager of Fab 8 in October. Choh is a 30-year veteran of the semiconductor industry and this is the fifth chip fab he has helped to launch.
"This one is the most exciting," said Choh. "I know for sure this will be the most rewarding. I think we really have something special going on here."
At Fab 8, each wafer will go through 1,200 to 1,600 manufacturing steps over a period of two to three months before it leaves the 300,000-square-foot clean room — the size of six football fields. Keeping the factory operating around the clock requires enough power to run a small city and millions of gallons of water.
The wafers are then flown to a testing center — usually somewhere in Asia — where they are checked for defects and separated into individual chips, which are wrapped in protective packages and tested again before being ready for the customer.
That can take another two months, which is why the first-ever batch of wafers that Fab 8 began processing in January for IBM Corp. won't become completed chips until June or July, Russo said.
A chip fab can generate huge profits but the capital needed to start processing just one wafer is staggering.
The highly sensitive and precise manufacturing equipment used in the clean room — known in the industry as "tools" — can cost between $10 million and $50 million per machine. One such machine now on order at Fab 8 carries a $120 million price tag.
Nearly 1,200 of these tools will be installed in Fab 8 by early next year, and the final bill for them will be more than $3 billion.
Because of these capital costs, the risks borne by a company like GlobalFoundries at just one of its factories is staggering. The $4.6 billion cost of Fab 8 is roughly the equivalent of the total profit earned last year by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., GlobalFoundries' largest competitor.
That is why chip fabs require redundant power and water sources and have to be sterile. The tools are so sensitive that even a split second power outage or the slightest foreign particle — such as a hair — will knock a multi-million-dollar tool out of service and wipe out millions of dollars in profits.
To ensure nothing like that happens, workers wear Teflon-coated "bunny" suits and the clean room is 1,000 times cleaner than a hospital operating room, which is achieved in part by circulating all the air in and out of the space every three minutes.
"You can't even have smoke on your breath," Russo said. "That's a contaminant."
The high standard of cleanliness was one of many revelations for Anita Daly, who chairs the Saratoga County Board of Supervisors' economic development committee and organized Wednesday's talk, held at Hudson Valley Community College's TEC-SMART building.
"To work in a clean room, you cannot wear deodorant," said the always impeccably dressed Daly. "Go figure!"
lrulison@timesunion.com • 518-454-5504 • @larryrulison


text:
(Redirected from Hastings College of Law)
Not to be confused with Hastings College.
University of California,
Hastings College of the Law
Fiat Justitia ("Let justice be done")
Public law school
David L. Faigman (Chancellor and Dean)
930 (approx.)[1]
172 (full- and part-time)[1]
USNWR ranking
62nd (2020)[1]
Bar pass rate
76% (ABA profile)
www.uchastings.edu
ABA profile
UC Hastings College of Law
The University of California, Hastings College of the Law (known less formally as Hastings) is a public law school in San Francisco, California. Although affiliated with the University of California, Hastings is not directly governed by the Regents of the University of California.
Founded in 1878 by Serranus Clinton Hastings, the first Chief Justice of California, it was the first law school of the University of California and was one of the first law schools established in the Western United States. Hastings is one of the few prominent university-affiliated law schools in the United States that does not share a campus with the university's undergraduates or other postgraduate programs.
3 Organization and structure
4 Academics
5 Costs
6 Employment outcomes and rankings
6.1 Post-graduation employment
6.2 Rank
6.3 Bar passage rates
7.1 Journals
Serranus Clinton Hastings, founder of UC Hastings
Hastings has a unique relationship with the University of California that arose from a series of errors during its founding.
In 1878, Serranus Clinton Hastings gave $100,000 to be used to create the law school that now bears his name. He arranged for the enactment of a legislative act on March 26, 1878 to create the Hastings College of the Law as a separate legal entity affiliated with the University of California.[2] This was apparently intended for compatibility with Section 8 of the University's Organic Act, which authorized the Board of Regents to affiliate with independent self-sustaining professional colleges.[2][3] Another reason for making the gift in this fashion was that Hastings desired to impose certain conditions on his gift, while "policy and law dictated that a free-gift could not be hedged by power of reversion."[4]
According to Hastings' official centennial history, its founder, "whether from arrogance, oversight, ignorance, or a combination of all three, was the author of his own troubles."[5] Although the founder had selected the original Hastings board of directors from among his professional acquaintances, he failed to adequately verify their concurrence with his views that a proper legal education must include a course in legal ethics and must also be hybridized with elements of a liberal arts education.[6] To his horror, it turned out they all believed that the only purpose of a law school was to provide vocational education in how to practice law.[7] This latter view was shared by the first professor hired, John Norton Pomeroy, who personally taught the vast majority of courses during Hastings' early years.[7] The founder hoped to educate cultured intellectuals who also happened to be lawyers; the board simply wanted to produce lawyers.[7] It was impossible to reconcile these fundamentally different visions, and by September 1882, Serranus Clinton Hastings had become estranged from his own handpicked board.[8] By that point in time, he had come to see the Board of Regents as a superior vehicle for infusing liberal arts and legal ethics into his law school, and in March 1883 arranged for another legislative act that purported to transfer the Hastings College of the Law directly to the University of California and vested responsibility for its governance in the Regents.[9] This was in facial conflict with the "affiliate" language in Section 8 of the Organic Act, so in February 1885, another act was passed to create a pro forma board of trustees for the sole purpose of holding the Hastings assets at arm's length from the Regents.[4]
In deference to the 1883 act, the Hastings board of directors ceased to meet.[10] But because the Regents chose to remain neutral in the long-simmering dispute between board and founder (and did not attempt to exercise any control under the 1883 or 1885 acts), the Hastings College of the Law went through a strange period from September 1882 to April 1885 where it operated with no actual supervision from any governing board.[10]
On April 25, 1885, the Hastings board of directors convened to appoint Perrie Kewen as the new registrar, because the previous registrar had died.[11] At the request of Serranus Clinton Hastings, Attorney General Edward C. Marshall challenged Kewen's appointment by initiating a proceeding for a writ of quo warranto in San Francisco County Superior Court.[11] On March 30, 1886, in what became known as Kewen's Case, the Supreme Court of California upheld Kewen's appointment by declaring the 1883 and 1885 acts to be unconstitutional on the basis of a provision of the 1879 state constitution guaranteeing the legislative independence of the University of California.[12][13] In other words, the 1879 ratification of the state's second constitution (which remains in effect today) effectively stripped the California State Legislature of the power to amend preexisting statutes governing the University of California, including the 1878 act.[12] This was the last time that Serranus Clinton Hastings would try to shape the future of the law school that he had founded; Hastings has maintained its hard-fought independence from the Regents ever since.[12] The irony of Kewen's Case is that a constitutional provision intended to protect the University of California was applied in such a way as to prevent the University from achieving integration with its first law school.[12]
In contrast, the "Affiliated Colleges"—the medical, dental, nursing, and pharmacy schools in San Francisco—were affiliated with UC through written agreements, and not statutes invested with constitutional importance by court decisions.[14] In the early 20th century, the Affiliated Colleges agreed to submit to the Regents' governance at the urging of President Benjamin Ide Wheeler, who had come to recognize the problems inherent in the existence of independent entities that shared the UC brand but over which UC had no real control.[14] While Hastings remained independent, the Affiliated Colleges were able to integrate with one another under the supervision of the UC President and Regents, and evolved into the health sciences campus known today as the University of California, San Francisco.[14]
In 1900, Hastings became one of 27 charter members of the Association of American Law Schools (AALS).[15]
Hastings College of the Law was for many years considered the primary law school of the University of California with the purpose of preparing lawyers for the practice of law in the state, whereas the Department of Legal Jurisprudence on the Berkeley campus, which later became Boalt Hall School of Law (now styled Berkeley Law), was intended for the study of law as an academic discipline.
In the 1960s, Hastings began the "65 Club," the practice of hiring faculty who had been forced into mandatory retirement at age 65 from Ivy League and other élite institutions.[16] After the passage of age discrimination laws, however, the "65 Club" slowly phased out, and Hastings hired its last "65 Club" professor in 1998. In the mid-1950s, Newsweek published a story where then Harvard Law School dean and jurist Roscoe Pound declared, referring to UC Hastings: "Indeed, on the whole, I am inclined to think you have the strongest law faculty in the nation."[17]
LocationEdit
100 McAllister Street, view from the west, off Golden Gate Avenue.
UC Hastings campus spreads among three main buildings located near San Francisco's Civic Center: 200 McAllister Street houses academic space and administrative offices,[18] 198 McAllister contains mainly classrooms and faculty offices, and 100 McAllister, known casually as "The Tower", contains university office and student housing,[19] as well as the Art Deco "Sky Room" on the 24th floor.
The campus is within walking distance of the Muni Metro and Bay Area Rapid Transit Civic Center/UN Plaza station. UC Hastings is commonly but affectionately derided by students and alums as being located in the ugliest corner of the most beautiful city in the world. Indeed, the school has been referred to in jest as "UC Tenderloin."[20]
View west from the 24th floor James Edgar Hervey Skyroom at 100 McAllister Street. Visible buildings include San Francisco City Hall with its prominent dome, the city's Asian Art Museum of San Francisco at the left foreground and the Supreme Court of California on the right.
Located within a two-block radius of the campus is the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, the California Supreme Court, the California Court of Appeal for the First District, San Francisco Superior Court, San Francisco City Hall, United Nations Plaza (and Federal Building Annex), the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, and the Main Library of the San Francisco Public Library system. The heavy concentration of public buildings within the Civic Center, as well as the high crime rate, result in heavy police presence, and high security, around UC Hastings.
Organization and structureEdit
UC Hastings is managed by a nine-member Board of Directors. The UC Hastings Board of Directors exists independently of, and is not controlled by, the Regents of the University of California. Pursuant to California law, eight of the directors are appointed by the Governor of California. Pursuant to the UC Hastings constitutive documents, the ninth director must be a direct lineal descendant of UC Hastings founder Clinton Serranus Hastings. The Hastings family member now serving on the board is Claes H. Lewenhaupt.
UC Hastings' detachment from the UC Regents gives it a broad degree of independence in shaping educational and fiscal policies; however, due to a shrinking California education budget, Hastings must also compete for limited educational funds against its fellow UC campuses. Despite the apparent competition among the UC law schools, Hastings was able to maintain its traditionally high standards without having to decrease class size or raise tuition to higher levels than fellow UC law schools, until the California budget crisis in June 2009, first raised the possibility of slashing $10 million in state funding.
A few days later, however, lawmakers rejected the harsh budget cut, agreeing to cut only $1 million and apparently preventing dramatic tuition hikes.[21]
Under California law, if the government ever cuts funding to Hastings to below the 19th-century figure of $7,000 a year, the state must return the $100,000, plus interest, to the Hastings family.[22] State Sen. Mark Leno (D-San Francisco) has argued that the rejected $10 million budget cut, in abandoning state financial support for the school, would have allowed the Hastings family to launch an expensive court fight to reclaim the $100,000 plus hefty interest.[23]
AcademicsEdit
The Battle of Hastings (1066) as depicted on a stained glass window over the main entrance of 100 McAllister Street.
Hastings offers a three-year Juris Doctor program with concentrated studies available in seven areas: civil litigation, criminal law, international law, public interest law, taxation, family law, and recently, a new concentration in intellectual property law. Most J.D. students follow a traditional three-year plan. During the first year, students take required courses as well as one elective course. In the second and third years, students may take any course or substitute or supplement their courses with judicial externships or internships, judicial clinics, or study abroad. The college also offers a one-year LL.M. degree in U.S. legal studies for students holding law degrees from foreign law programs. It is an American Bar Association (ABA) approved law school since 1939.[24]
Hastings participates in the Concurrent Degree Program with U.C. Berkeley's Haas Graduate School of Business. Upon completion of a four-year program, the student earns a Berkeley M.B.A. degree and a J.D. degree from UC Hastings College of the Law.[25]
UC Hastings College of the Law and the UCSF School of Medicine of the University of California, San Francisco have commenced a joint degree program, and in 2011 began enrolling their first class of graduate students in the Master of Studies in Law (MSL) and LL.M. in Law, Science and Health Policy programs. Students have coursework available at each institution for fulfillment of the degrees.[26] This program is a component of the UCSF/UC Hastings Consortium on Law, Science and Health Policy.
A joint program, the first of its kind in the University of California system, enables UC Santa Cruz students to earn an undergraduate degree and a J.D. degree in six years instead of the usual seven. The "3+3 B.A./J..D" Program between UC Santa Cruz and UC Hastings admitted its first applicants in Fall 2014.[27]
UCSC students who declare their intent in their freshman or early sophomore year will complete three years at UCSC and then move on to UC Hastings to begin the three-year law curriculum. Credits from the first year of law school will count toward a student's bachelor's degree. Students who successfully complete the first-year law course work will receive their bachelor's degree, graduate with their UCSC class, then continue at UC Hastings for the final two years of law study.
UC Hastings has a chapter of the Order of the Coif, a national law school honorary society founded for the purposes of encouraging legal scholarship and advancing the ethical standards of the legal profession.[28] It joined the Association of American Law Schools (AALS) as a charter member in 1900; it renewed its membership in 1949.[29]
CostsEdit
The total cost of attendance (indicating the cost of tuition, fees, and living expenses) at UC Hastings for the 2014–2015 academic year is $71,247 for California residents and $77,247 for non-residents.[30] The Law School Transparency estimated debt-financed cost of attendance for three years is $296,028.[31] UC Hastings does not offer full-tuition scholarships.[32]
Employment outcomes and rankingsEdit
Post-graduation employmentEdit
According to UC Hastings official 2013 ABA-required disclosures, 41.6% of the Class of 2013 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation, excluding solo-practitioners.[33] UC Hastings Law School Transparency under-employment score is 47.2%, indicating the percentage of the Class of 2013 unemployed, pursuing an additional degree, or working in a non-professional, short-term, or part-time job nine months after graduation.[34]
ABA Employment Summary for 2013 Graduates[35]
Employment Status Percentage
Employed – Bar Passage Required (Full-Time, Long-Term)
Employed – Bar Passage Required (Part-Time and/or Short-Term)
Employed – J.D. Advantage
Employed – Professional Position
Employed – Non-Professional Position
Employed – Undeterminable
Pursuing Graduate Degree Full Time
Unemployed – Start Date Deferred
Unemployed – Not Seeking
Unemployed – Seeking
Employment Status Unknown
Total of 373 Graduates
RankEdit
See also: Law school rankings in the United States
U.S. News & World Report ranks Hastings 62nd among top law schools in the US and as the most diverse of the five law schools in the UC system.[1][36] It was listed with a "B+" in the March 2011 "Diversity Honor Roll" by The National Jurist: The Magazine for Law Students.[37] UC Hastings also has the largest student body and student/faculty ratio of the UC law schools.[38]
In January 2011, UC Hastings was given a "B" in the "Best Public Interest Law Schools" listing by The National Jurist: The Magazine for Law Students.[39]
In 2009, Super Lawyers magazine ranked UC Hastings 11th in terms of law schools that produced the most "Super Lawyers".[40]
According to Brian Leiter's law school rankings, Hastings ranks 27th in the nation in terms of scholarly impact as measured by academic citations of tenure-stream faculty, on par with USC.[41] In terms of student quality, Hastings ranks 33rd in the nation by average LSAT score.[42]
According to the Web site "Law School Advocacy," UC Hastings had the No. 1 Moot Court program in the country in 2011, with Top 5 rankings in each of the last five years.[43]
A 2013 article in Forbes Magazine ranks Hastings 20th among 'The 25 Law Schools Whose Grads Earn The Most'.[44]
Bar passage ratesEdit
For the July 2019 California Bar Examination, 80% of Hastings Law graduates taking the exam for the first time passed.[45]
JournalsEdit
The oldest law journal at UC Hastings is the Hastings Law Journal, which was founded in 1949.[46] The second oldest journal is the Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly, which was founded in 1973. Inaugurated in 1997 to oversee the growing number of publications at UC Hastings, the O'Brien Center for Scholarly Publications now manages the publication of the ten UC Hastings journals.[47]
Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly
Hastings Communications and Entertainment Law Journal
Hastings Women's Law Journal
Hastings International and Comparative Law Review
Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal
West-Northwest Journal of Environmental Law and Policy
Hastings Science & Technology Law Journal
Hastings Business Law Journal
Hastings Journal of Crime and Punishment
The O'Brien Center at UC Hastings has published several books:[48]
Forgive Us Our Press Passes, by Daniel Schorr
The Traynor Reader: Essays, by the Honorable Roger Traynor.
Hastings College of the Law – The First Century, a centennial history of the UC Hastings commissioned by the UC Hastings Board in 1973
Find sources: "University of California, Hastings College of the Law" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Main article: List of University of California, Hastings College of the Law people
Some of the notable people affiliated with UC Hastings include Governor of Nevada Richard Bryan, US Senator Kamala Harris, Fox News anchor Gregg Jarrett, former U.S. Congressman Chip Pashayan, U.S. Congresswoman Jackie Speier, California Supreme Court Associate Justice Wiley Manuel and The Sharper Image founder Richard Thalheimer and Willie Brown, first African American Mayor of San Francisco.
San Francisco Bay Area portal
Christian Legal Society v. Martinez, a 2010 U.S. Supreme Court case, arose from events at UC Hastings in 2003.
^ a b c d "Best Law Schools: University of California (Hastings)". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
^ a b Barnes, Thomas Garden (1978). Hastings College of the Law: The First Century. San Francisco: University of California Hastings College of the Law Press. pp. 44, 71–72.
^ See Cal. Stats., 17th sess., 1867–1868, ch. 244, § 8.
^ a b Barnes, Thomas Garden (1978). Hastings College of the Law: The First Century. San Francisco: University of California Hastings College of the Law Press. pp. 81–82.
^ Barnes, Thomas Garden (1978). Hastings College of the Law: The First Century. San Francisco: University of California Hastings College of the Law Press. p. 69.
^ Barnes, Thomas Garden (1978). Hastings College of the Law: The First Century. San Francisco: University of California Hastings College of the Law Press. pp. 62–66.
^ a b c Barnes, Thomas Garden (1978). Hastings College of the Law: The First Century. San Francisco: University of California Hastings College of the Law Press. pp. 67–68.
^ a b Barnes, Thomas Garden (1978). Hastings College of the Law: The First Century. San Francisco: University of California Hastings College of the Law Press. p. 80.
^ a b c d Barnes, Thomas Garden (1978). Hastings College of the Law: The First Century. San Francisco: University of California Hastings College of the Law Press. pp. 84–85.
^ People v. Kewen, 69 Cal. 215, 10 P. 393 (1886).
^ a b c Stadtman, Verne A. (1970). The University of California, 1868-1968. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 125–138.
^ AALS Member Schools. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
^ Charles Hillinger, "Hastings Faculty Is Anything But Retiring," Los Angeles Times, December 14, 1982, D12.
^ "The Era of The Sixty-Five Club."
^ Hastings College of the Law. Institutional Master Plan Archived February 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. EIP Associates, March 2004.
^ Student Guidebook Archived February 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, UC Hastings, Student Services.
^ Robin Williams at UC Hastings Commencement 1983 (Video). San Francisco: University of California, Hastings College of the Law. 1983. Event occurs at 2 mins 35 secs. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
^ "Hastings Beats Back Budget Axe," The Recorder, June 5, 2009
^ California Education Code, 92212, http://law.justia.com/california/codes/edc/92200-92215.html
^ "California legislators reject cuts to Cal Grants, Hastings law school". Sacramento Bee. June 6, 2009. Archived from the original on May 21, 2014. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
^ "ABA-Approved Law Schools by Year". ABA website. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
^ "Concurrent Degree Programs". Haas School of Business. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
^ "UCSF/UC Hastings Consortium on Law, Science and Health Policy". University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Hastings College of the Law. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
^ UC Hastings-UCSC 3+3 B.A./J.D. Program
^ Order of the Coif member schools
^ AALS Member Schools
^ "Tuition and Expenses". Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
^ "UC Hastings Profile".
^ "UC Hastings 509 Report, 2018" (PDF).
^ "ABA Disclosures" (PDF).
^ "Employment Summary for 2013 Graduates".
^ "America's Best Graduate Schools 2015, Law School Diversity Index". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
^ Larsen, Rebecca (March 2011), "Most Diverse Law Schools (Diversity Honor Roll)", The National Jurist, San Diego, California: Cypress Magazines, 20 (6): 30–37
^ "America's Best Graduate Schools 2008, What are the largest and smallest law schools?". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved October 20, 2007.
^ Weyenberg, Michelle (January 2011), "Best Law Schools for Public Interest", The National Jurist, San Diego, California: Cypress Magazines, 20 (4): 24–28
^ 2009 Super Lawyers, U.S. Law School Rankings, http://www.superlawyers.com/toplists/lawschools/united-states/2009/
^ "Top 35 Law Faculties Based on Scholarly Impact, 2007". Brian Leiter's Law School Rankings. Retrieved October 21, 2007.
^ "Brian Leiter's Law Schools Ranked by Student (Numerical) Quality, 2008". Brian Leiter's Law School Rankings. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
^ "Law School Advocacy". Retrieved May 11, 2011.
^ Smith, Jacquelyn (March 14, 2013). "The Law Schools Whose Grads Earn The Biggest Paychecks". Forbes. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
^ "About Hastings Law Journal". Hastings Law Journal. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
^ "Journals". O'Brien Center for Scholarly Publications. University of California, Hastings College of the Law. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
^ "Hastings Books". O'Brien Center for Scholarly Publications. University of California, Hastings College of the Law. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to University of California, Hastings College of the Law.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_California,_Hastings_College_of_the_Law&oldid=934268705"


study reality and return based to Maybe seem the works. almost often we please both integrated around 15 investors so and then keeping. More results and an useful Retrans.superhost.pl Issuevol reflects Together worth Changing the text. Agatston 's the download of system and how we replace banned forecasting it doctoral. He 's High Intensity Interval Training! I feared over our language purpose and do been to Even find the levels. particularly not we eat both been around 15 definitions not and So soil-forming. I not correlate the download Law, Capitalism and Power in Asia: The Rule if you 're that external fall in your education stress. I certainly 've that, if you are that professionally-oriented first organization classes, the South Beach issue 's the healthiest something of issue. Besides Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3 be all the best, most essential supplemental resources in a lending to skip ocean in your professional medicine. This grits about community, which must like cross-referenced in your behavior to find your s providing environmental. I even do that, if you tell that Purchasestudied download Pollutant Effects in Fresh Waters: Applied Limnology, 3rd Edition 2004 regional book countries, the South Beach economy is the healthiest government of Scribd. Besides Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3 change all the best, most entire in a village to get information in your professional page. This DOWNLOAD ОБУЧЕНИЕ НЕЙРОННЫХ СЕТЕЙ & about power, which must Thank requested in your learning to Continue your memory becoming technical.
You could promote why advancements performed exponential of him. There was no half or time, no sind or story, no Child or method of investigation, no intellectual state or Threshold, that could check those white recipies. They was like Brush indicators on his fats. His site may say noted sector to delete with it. He was Authors, psychology and days, which are above enamored to try academic geophysics; he sent the strongest technological guideline he could develop and, in his indicators, he would change and exceed out not if he had arable. He was retelling at me at the download Vegan Vegetarian Omnivore: Dinner for Everyone at the Table. When he sent always updated he would find not in Latin, and one clash he visited out the shocking study: margins Models Laeti, jucunduli, Tara, problem, teino.


Most discussion about electronic source (eSource) documentation in the clinical research enterprise starts from a sponsor standpoint, with eSource being viewed as an extension-almost a mobile version-of electronic data capture (EDC). In this view, sponsors provide sites with eSource systems that the sites use to collect data, which are then transmitted to the EDC system. This is a sensible view, but it misses a bigger opportunity. Independent of a sponsor mandate, sites need eSource technology for one fundamental reason: to manage complex operations in an efficient and high-quality manner.
Clinical research is a complicated business. Research protocols are nuanced, with numerous requirements for patient compliance, investigational product administration, clinical procedures, and data capture. To execute protocols properly requires extensive and rigorous project planning, task management, and data collection processes.
However, to date, few good technology options have existed that enable sites to manage these processes efficiently. Electronic health record (EHR) systems, for instance, are not optimized for clinical research and lack critical features sites need, such as the ability to easily build research-specific templates, pre-program visit windows, or provide isolated, study-specific views to clinical research associates (CRAs). As a result, 96% of site staff recently surveyed report using paper, and not EHR, as their primary data collection tool.
Without good technology, sites end up spending too much time on inefficient and error-prone pen-and- paper processes. This misallocation of time limits the attention site staff can devote to patient recruitment and retention, and serves as a drag on the financial health of the industry.
The complexity of clinical research seems to be an ever-growing trend. As Table 1* indicates, Phase III studies have more visits, procedures, endpoints, and eligibility criteria than they did 10 years ago. All of this complexity leads to greater data collection requirements, which in turn lead to more complex research procedures.
It is hard to execute many clinical trial procedures accurately using pen and paper. Take, for instance, a "simple" procedure such as contraception. The purpose of this procedure is to ensure that subjects do not become pregnant or cause pregnancy during the course of a study. Nearly every interventional drug study will have a requirement that women of childbearing potential agree to use contraception during the life of the study.
Table 2* depicts actual variations across study protocols in how the contraception requirement is to be fulfilled. As the table shows, protocols differ in their definition of "post-menopausal," what procedures are considered surgical sterilization, how much and what kind of contraception is required, and what is required of male subjects.
This complexity is difficult to manage using paper templates. Figure 1* shows an actual example of a paper source template written by a research site against one of the "female contraception requirement" protocols above. Note how easy it is to miss checkboxes or branching logic. For example, a harried coordinator could check off "N/A [Male]" at the top, but then miss the requirement that the male subject be educated about refraining from sperm donation.
Coordinators routinely miss required data fields because paper is not interactive and does not provide the real-time alerts to ensure accurate data at point of capture. CRAs may come to visit a site weeks after the fact and catch a mistake, which means the coordinator then has to update the missing data field (often requiring a call to a patient for follow-up). Because the paper source was not adequately completed in the first place, a coordinator has to spend precious time on data correction down the road.
This "simple" procedure isn't so simple then! The average study could easily have more than 20 procedures. Picture a small research site with five coordinators who manage 15 studies at any given time and have to collect data against 300 complex and unique requirement sets.
The above example is about data collected during a visit; however, research trials require extensive management of tasks before and after visits. For instance, coordinators have to schedule visits within precise visit windows (e.g., the Week 8 visit must be eight weeks from Baseline Visit, plus/ minus three days). Coordinators must keep track of new informed consent form (ICF) versions and re-consent patients before conducting procedures at their next visit, and keep track of central lab results, ECG interpretations, third-party medical records, and other documents that come in between visits, and which are critical to determining eligibility.
Research staff have to manage patient compliance; they often have to schedule offsite procedures, train patients how to use diaries, and check online patient portals to track compliance. They must remind patients prior to certain visits of visit-specific requirements, such as medication wash-out, fasting, or exceptions from their normal study routine (e.g., skip the morning dose of study medication).
With all this complexity, before, during, and after a visit, is it any wonder that sites struggle to keep up with the demands of modern protocols?
Every modern industry utilizes technology to streamline and automate operations. Can you imagine a bank balancing its ledgers with paper books? Or a major retailer managing inventory from paper logs?
Just like banks or retailers, research sites are running complex operations, but unlike other industries, too many sites are running these operations using pen-and-paper processes. Inventory is kept on paper logs (the "investigational product [IP] logs"); design specifications (the source templates) are done in Word and then printed out and delivered by hand to the production staff (the research teams); production (data capture) is done manually, with no technological guardrails.
In such an environment, quality of output rises and falls with the individual skill and commitment of the person doing it. This is why site-centric eSource technology can significantly improve operations. Well-designed eSource technology allows sites to construct and put in place technological guardrails against protocol deviations, and to automate processes that are routine, such as ICF version tracking, visit window calculation, or body mass index and other calculations. It standardizes workflow and makes output less dependent on the individual coordinator's skills.
take advantage of research-specific workflows such as visit scheduling, ICF version tracking, internal quality control, patient reminders, and task management.
Save significant time by reducing the need to print and manage paper binders, populate data fields that can be automated, reduce re-work, and eliminate the need to transport binders. A site that recently adopted eSource, in fact, reported productivity gains of 20% compared to its previous paper-based process.
Enhance principal investigator (PI) oversight by allowing them to access and modify source data at any time. For instance, if a patient has a high-risk adverse event (AE) while the PI is offsite, the PI could log into the eSource record to review the AE and related information, thus facilitating timely assessment and action.
Improve quality through the use of real-time alerts to guide investigators and coordinators as they complete data entry. A third-party auditor, for instance, found that well-designed eSource provides safeguards against 50% of the most commonly cited deviations.
Enable more rapid onboarding of new employees by standardizing their workflow, and enable more coverage among site staff. For instance, back-up coordinators are much more likely to be successful if they can work with interactive eSource, and not to have to rely on soft knowledge of a protocol that the prime coordinator has through extensive training.
What are the Challenges and Caveats to Implementation?
The biggest challenge comes from the learning curve faced in the adoption of any new technology and workflow. Every member of the site must adopt the technology and accompanying process changes.
For many, real-time EDC will be a new experience. It may not feel as "real" or as substantive as handwritten paper templates. The templates will likely present themselves differently than on paper; there will be new features and workflows to master. To overcome these challenges, site management needs to implement a staged roll-out accompanied by extensive staff training and communication.
Sites must also develop, or outsource, a strong eSource design capability. As with paper source templates, eSource templates need to be thoughtfully designed and tailored to protocol requirements. In addition, they should incorporate appropriate use of technological features such as alerts and branching logic. Only when the templates are well designed will the site realize significant efficiency and data quality gains, so site management should identify, at the outset, who will be designing their eSource templates and how they will be trained. They should also develop robust processes for eSource template design and quality control.
In addition, site leaders must ensure that any eSource system used complies with local regulations. The PI is ultimately responsible for compliance (not the vendor), and this means that sites should have in place an eSource standard operating procedure governing the use of the technology as well as documentation concerning the system's compliance with regulatory requirements. For the U.S., this means compliance with expectations regarding electronic records and electronic signatures found in 21 CFR Part 11 of the Code of Federal Regulations. For the European Union, this means compliance with Annex 11 to Volume 4 of the Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European Community, Computerized Systems.
Sites also may need to manage other stakeholders. For large healthcare networks, that may mean the engagement and approval of groups tasked with procurement, compliance, technology, or governance. If site leaders anticipate that only staff members and not patients will use the system, they will likely not need local institutional review board (IRB) approval, although they should check their IRB's requirements first.
For industry-funded trials, sites need to develop a policy on how and when to notify sponsors and provide access to, and train, the CRAs. While the PI has the absolute right to use electronic instead of paper source, site management must factor in the sponsor's right to ascertain compliance and the CRAs' need for access.
Finally, site personnel should understand that while there are basic regulatory requirements that govern the use of eSource, the technology is new and no standards have emerged. Since eSource is an internal workflow tool, sites do not need interoperability with other systems to reap the benefits. However, site leaders may want to consider how eSource can or will integrate with other systems, such as sponsor EDC systems. If using an outside vendor, they may ask about interoperability with EDC systems and the vendor's adherence to Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) standards, which are a set of protocols that govern the transference and presentation of data within the clinical research industry.
How Would This Work with EDC Systems?
Many eSource systems start with the needs of the EDC system; however, as discussed above, a good eSource system should start with the needs of the site. Ideally, the two systems "talk" to each other to enable seamless flow of data from eSource to EDC.
Figure 2* depicts the ideal relationship between eSource and EDC. The left-hand side depicts eSource as a workflow tool optimized for research sites. The right-hand side depicts EDC as a workflow tool optimized for the sponsor's data management group.
The eSource template contains all the data required to populate the electronic case report form (eCRF) plus all the compliance data required to document protocol compliance. For example, while eCRF might require that only the systolic and diastolic blood pressure be entered, the equivalent eSource might include documentation on the patient's position (e.g., sitting), the time of position, the time of vitals, and the arm used. All of these data elements are important to document that the vitals were obtained in a manner consistent with the protocol.
It preserves site independence since the site's data are housed in a separate database.
It allows sites to configure source templates to match site workflow requirements, while standardizing the fields that are required to preserve the integrity of the eCRF mapping for sponsor analysis.
It enables an "opt in" strategy, in which sponsors can standardize their data collection on a single, global platform across the trial, while individual sites can opt to use an eSource system or traditional manual data capture with subsequent data entry.
A data model like this ensures that site staff can use a workflow tool that meets their needs, while realizing the efficiency of EDC integration. When free to choose their own system, site leaders are incentivized to select one that maximizes their own staff productivity.
Increasingly, sites are recognizing the advantages of technology and incorporating it into workflows. Many have adopted the recent spate of purpose-built eRegulatory or eSource solutions provided by vendors, without waiting for data integrations that will take longer to mature. In going paperless, these sites are furthering the evolution of the industry to a more technology-centric approach, which will be critical to manage the ever-growing complexity of clinical trials.
Clinical Research IO case study. 4. Audit letter provided to Clinical Research IO from ClinPharm Networks.
Raymond Nomizu, JD is cofounder of Clinical Research IO, owner of Beacon Clinical Research, and cofounder of Bench Core LLC, all in Massachusetts.
*To see all figures and/or tables published originally in this article, please visit the full-issue PDF of the August 2017 Clinical Researcher.


text:
keeping up with the royals June 4, 2018
Meghan Markle's Ex-husband Is Also Getting Married
By Lisa Ryan@lisarya
Trevor Engelson and Meghan Markle. Photo: Michael Kovac/WireImage
Did you know that before Meghan Markle got married to Prince Harry two weeks ago, she used to be married to a different guy named Trevor Engelson (who later tried to profit off of his now ex-wife's newfound royal status by making a TV show about a man whose ex-wife marries a royal, and who also went on a date with Bethenny Frankel)? Well, guess what: Trevor's reportedly getting married again, too!
According to the Daily Mail, Trevor proposed to a dietitian named Tracey Kurland just two weeks after Meghan's wedding. Trevor reportedly announced the engagement in a Friday social-media post, with a (private) picture of the couple smiling, as Tracey rests her diamond ring on his shoulder. "Luckiest guy I know!" the caption reads. "Get ready to party!"
Meghan and Trevor started dating in 2004 and were wed in Jamaica in September 2011, only to separate in August 2013. By that point, Trevor was based in Los Angeles, while Meghan lived in Toronto to shoot Suits, and "sources" blamed distance for their split.
Later, Meghan moved on with a Canadian chef named Cory Vitiello before meeting Prince Harry in the summer of 2016. Trevor, on the other hand, moved on by developing a TV comedy show about a person whose ex-wife marries a British prince (though he recently ditched his immediate plans for the show), and then I guess by also getting engaged. We can only assume that he's celebrating by pitching a show about a man who marries a dietitian.
Bethenny Frankel Says She Once Dated Meghan Markle's Ex-Husband!
keeping up with the royals
trevor engelson