text:
package outboundmiddleware

import (
	"context"

	"go.uber.org/yarpc/api/middleware"
	"go.uber.org/yarpc/api/transport"
	"go.uber.org/yarpc/api/x/introspection"
)

var (
	_ transport.Namer = (*unaryChainExec)(nil)
	_ transport.Namer = (*onewayChainExec)(nil)
	_ transport.Namer = (*streamChainExec)(nil)
)

// UnaryChain combines a series of `UnaryOutbound`s into a single `UnaryOutbound`.
func UnaryChain(mw ...middleware.UnaryOutbound) middleware.UnaryOutbound {
	unchained := make([]middleware.UnaryOutbound, 0, len(mw))
	for _, m := range mw {
		if m == nil {
			continue
		}
		if c, ok := m.(unaryChain); ok {
			unchained = append(unchained, c...)
			continue
		}
		unchained = append(unchained, m)
	}

	switch len(unchained) {
	case 0:
		return middleware.NopUnaryOutbound
	case 1:
		return unchained[0]
	default:
		return unaryChain(unchained)
	}
}

type unaryChain []middleware.UnaryOutbound

func (c unaryChain) Call(ctx context.Context, request *transport.Request, out transport.UnaryOutbound) (*transport.Response, error) {
	return unaryChainExec{
		Chain: []middleware.UnaryOutbound(c),
		Final: out,
	}.Call(ctx, request)
}

// unaryChainExec adapts a series of `UnaryOutbound`s into a `UnaryOutbound`. It
// is scoped to a single call of a UnaryOutbound and is not thread-safe.
type unaryChainExec struct {
	Chain []middleware.UnaryOutbound
	Final transport.UnaryOutbound
}

func (x unaryChainExec) TransportName() string {
	var name string
	if namer, ok := x.Final.(transport.Namer); ok {
		name = namer.TransportName()
	}
	return name
}

func (x unaryChainExec) Transports() []transport.Transport {
	return x.Final.Transports()
}

func (x unaryChainExec) Start() error {
	return x.Final.Start()
}

func (x unaryChainExec) Stop() error {
	return x.Final.Stop()
}

func (x unaryChainExec) IsRunning() bool {
	return x.Final.IsRunning()
}

func (x unaryChainExec) Call(ctx context.Context, request *transport.Request) (*transport.Response, error) {
	if len(x.Chain) == 0 {
		return x.Final.Call(ctx, request)
	}
	next := x.Chain[0]
	x.Chain = x.Chain[1:]
	return next.Call(ctx, request, x)
}

func (x unaryChainExec) Introspect() introspection.OutboundStatus {
	if o, ok := x.Final.(introspection.IntrospectableOutbound); ok {
		return o.Introspect()
	}
	return introspection.OutboundStatusNotSupported
}

// OnewayChain combines a series of `OnewayOutbound`s into a single `OnewayOutbound`.
func OnewayChain(mw ...middleware.OnewayOutbound) middleware.OnewayOutbound {
	unchained := make([]middleware.OnewayOutbound, 0, len(mw))
	for _, m := range mw {
		if m == nil {
			continue
		}
		if c, ok := m.(onewayChain); ok {
			unchained = append(unchained, c...)
			continue
		}
		unchained = append(unchained, m)
	}

	switch len(unchained) {
	case 0:
		return middleware.NopOnewayOutbound
	case 1:
		return unchained[0]
	default:
		return onewayChain(unchained)
	}
}

type onewayChain []middleware.OnewayOutbound

func (c onewayChain) CallOneway(ctx context.Context, request *transport.Request, out transport.OnewayOutbound) (transport.Ack, error) {
	return onewayChainExec{
		Chain: []middleware.OnewayOutbound(c),
		Final: out,
	}.CallOneway(ctx, request)
}

// onewayChainExec adapts a series of `OnewayOutbound`s into a `OnewayOutbound`. It
// is scoped to a single call of a OnewayOutbound and is not thread-safe.
type onewayChainExec struct {
	Chain []middleware.OnewayOutbound
	Final transport.OnewayOutbound
}

func (x onewayChainExec) TransportName() string {
	var name string
	if namer, ok := x.Final.(transport.Namer); ok {
		name = namer.TransportName()
	}
	return name
}

func (x onewayChainExec) Transports() []transport.Transport {
	return x.Final.Transports()
}

func (x onewayChainExec) Start() error {
	return x.Final.Start()
}

func (x onewayChainExec) Stop() error {
	return x.Final.Stop()
}

func (x onewayChainExec) IsRunning() bool {
	return x.Final.IsRunning()
}

func (x onewayChainExec) CallOneway(ctx context.Context, request *transport.Request) (transport.Ack, error) {
	if len(x.Chain) == 0 {
		return x.Final.CallOneway(ctx, request)
	}
	next := x.Chain[0]
	x.Chain = x.Chain[1:]
	return next.CallOneway(ctx, request, x)
}

func (x onewayChainExec) Introspect() introspection.OutboundStatus {
	if o, ok := x.Final.(introspection.IntrospectableOutbound); ok {
		return o.Introspect()
	}
	return introspection.OutboundStatusNotSupported
}

// StreamChain combines a series of `StreamOutbound`s into a single `StreamOutbound`.
func StreamChain(mw ...middleware.StreamOutbound) middleware.StreamOutbound {
	unchained := make([]middleware.StreamOutbound, 0, len(mw))
	for _, m := range mw {
		if m == nil {
			continue
		}
		if c, ok := m.(streamChain); ok {
			unchained = append(unchained, c...)
			continue
		}
		unchained = append(unchained, m)
	}

	switch len(unchained) {
	case 0:
		return middleware.NopStreamOutbound
	case 1:
		return unchained[0]
	default:
		return streamChain(unchained)
	}
}

type streamChain []middleware.StreamOutbound

func (c streamChain) CallStream(ctx context.Context, request *transport.StreamRequest, out transport.StreamOutbound) (*transport.ClientStream, error) {
	return streamChainExec{
		Chain: []middleware.StreamOutbound(c),
		Final: out,
	}.CallStream(ctx, request)
}

// streamChainExec adapts a series of `StreamOutbound`s into a `StreamOutbound`. It
// is scoped to a single call of a StreamOutbound and is not thread-safe.
type streamChainExec struct {
	Chain []middleware.StreamOutbound
	Final transport.StreamOutbound
}

func (x streamChainExec) TransportName() string {
	var name string
	if namer, ok := x.Final.(transport.Namer); ok {
		name = namer.TransportName()
	}
	return name
}

func (x streamChainExec) Transports() []transport.Transport {
	return x.Final.Transports()
}

func (x streamChainExec) Start() error {
	return x.Final.Start()
}

func (x streamChainExec) Stop() error {
	return x.Final.Stop()
}

func (x streamChainExec) IsRunning() bool {
	return x.Final.IsRunning()
}

func (x streamChainExec) CallStream(ctx context.Context, request *transport.StreamRequest) (*transport.ClientStream, error) {
	if len(x.Chain) == 0 {
		return x.Final.CallStream(ctx, request)
	}
	next := x.Chain[0]
	x.Chain = x.Chain[1:]
	return next.CallStream(ctx, request, x)
}


I've used the purest lime, citrus aurantifolia, essential oil, bursting with vitamin C, helping to keep the skin fresh and healthy. In aromatherapy it is used to treat greasy skin, but I have dry skin and this is still a favourite. The scent is refreshingly clean, popular with both men and women, children seem to love it aswell. A great bar for the family.
Limes have always been traditionally linked to the coast, sailors at sea for months at a time, ate the fruit to reduce skin problems and scurvey,(hence the nickname "Limey"). Wells is still a working harbour, with the fish brought in on a small number of fishing vessels.


text:
Die Liste der Biografien führt alle Personen auf, die in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia einen Artikel haben. Dieses ist eine Teilliste mit 175 Einträgen von Personen, deren Namen mit den Buchstaben "Ole" beginnt.

Ole

 Ole, Eduard (1898–1995), estnisch-schwedischer Maler
 Olé, Olli (* 1975), deutscher Sänger und Entertainer

Olea
 Olea, Pedro (* 1938), spanischer Regisseur
 Oleak, Hans (1930–2018), deutscher Astrophysiker
 Oleak, Rainer (* 1953), deutscher Musiker, Komponist und Produzent
 Olearius, Adam († 1671), deutscher Diplomat und Schriftsteller
 Olearius, Cäsar (1821–1901), deutscher Politiker
 Olearius, Christian (* 1942), deutscher Banker
 Olearius, Georg Philipp (1680–1741), deutscher Philologe und evangelischer Theologe
 Olearius, Gottfried (1604–1685), deutscher Theologe, Chronist der Stadt Halle
 Olearius, Gottfried (1672–1715), deutscher Philologe und evangelischer Theologe
 Olearius, Johann August (1644–1711), deutscher evangelischer Theologe
 Olearius, Johann August (1688–1746), deutscher evangelischer Theologe
 Olearius, Johann Christian (1646–1699), deutscher lutherischer Theologe
 Olearius, Johann Christoph (1668–1747), deutscher evangelischer Theologe und Prediger, Numismatiker und Historiker
 Olearius, Johann Friedrich (1661–1689), deutscher lutherischer Theologe
 Olearius, Johann Friedrich (1679–1726), deutscher Rechtswissenschaftler
 Olearius, Johann Friedrich (1697–1750), deutscher evangelischer Theologe
 Olearius, Johann Friedrich August (1789–1861), Versicherungsunternehmer
 Olearius, Johann Gottfried (1635–1711), evangelischer Theologe und Kirchenlieddichter
 Olearius, Johann Gottfried (1641–1675), deutscher Pädagoge und evangelischer Theologe
 Olearius, Johann Gottlieb (1684–1734), deutscher Rechtswissenschaftler und Historiker
 Olearius, Johannes (1546–1623), deutscher lutherischer Theologe und Philologe
 Olearius, Johannes (1611–1684), evangelischer Theologe und Kirchenlieddichter
 Olearius, Johannes (1639–1713), deutscher lutherischer Theologe
 Olearius, Johannes Andreas (1639–1684), deutscher lutherischer Theologe
 Olearius, Tilemann (1600–1671), deutscher lutherischer Theologe und Grammatiker
 O'Leary, Ciaran (* 1973), irischer Pokerspieler
 O'Leary, Cornelius (1927–2006), irischer Historiker und Politikwissenschaftler
 O'Leary, Daniel Florence (1801–1854), irischer General und britischer Diplomat in Kolumbien
 O'Leary, David (1880–1958), südafrikanischer Ordensgeistlicher, apostolischer Vikar von Transvaal in Südafrika
 O'Leary, David (* 1958), irischer Fußballspieler und -trainer
 O'Leary, De Lacy (1872–1957), britischer Arabist und Semitist
 O'Leary, Denis (1863–1943), US-amerikanischer Jurist und Politiker
 O'Leary, Dianne P. (* 1951), US-amerikanische Mathematikerin, Informatikerin und Hochschullehrerin
 O'Leary, Edward Cornelius (1920–2002), US-amerikanischer Geistlicher, römisch-katholischer Bischof von Portland
 O'Leary, Eoin (* 1959), irischer Diplomat
 O'Leary, Hazel R. (* 1937), US-amerikanische Politikerin (Demokratische Partei)
 O'Leary, Henry Joseph (1879–1938), kanadischer römisch-katholischer Geistlicher und Erzbischof von Edmonton
 O'Leary, Humphrey (1886–1953), neuseeländischer Anwalt, Chief Justice von Neuseeland
 O'Leary, James A. (1889–1944), US-amerikanischer Politiker
 O'Leary, Jason (* 1978), kanadischer Eishockeytrainer und -spieler
 O'Leary, John (1830–1907), irischer Republikaner und Fenier
 O'Leary, Joseph V. (1890–1964), US-amerikanischer Politiker
 O'Leary, Marian, irische EU-Beamtin
 O'Leary, Mark (* 1969), irischer Jazz- und Improvisationsmusiker (Gitarre, Komposition)
 O'Leary, Matt (* 1987), US-amerikanischer Filmschauspieler
 O'Leary, Meghan (* 1984), US-amerikanische Ruderin
 O'Leary, Michael (1936–2006), irischer Politiker, Minister, Jurist, Sportler
 O'Leary, Michael (* 1958), US-amerikanischer Schauspieler
 O'Leary, Michael (* 1961), irischer Geschäftsmann, Vorsitzender von Ryanair
 O'Leary, Pat, US-amerikanischer Jazzmusiker (Kontrabass, Komposition)
 O'Leary, Peter (* 1972), neuseeländischer Fußballschiedsrichter
 O'Leary, Pierce (* 1959), irischer Fußballspieler
 O'Leary, Sammy (* 2003), deutscher Schauspieler im Fernsehen
 O'Leary, Síofra (* 1968), irische Juristin und Richterin am Europäischen Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte
 O'Leary, Terence (1928–2006), britischer Diplomat
 O'Leary, Thomas Mary (1875–1949), US-amerikanischer Geistlicher, römisch-katholischer Bischof von Springfield
 O'Leary, Tomás (* 1983), irischer Rugby-Union-Spieler
 O'Leary, William (* 1957), US-amerikanischer Schauspieler
 Oleas, Jürg (* 1957), Schweizer Maschinenbauer

Olec
 Olech, Artur (1940–2010), polnischer Boxer
 Olech, Czesław (1931–2015), polnischer Mathematiker
 Olech, Janusz (* 1965), polnischer Säbelfechter
 Olech, Joanna (* 1955), polnische Autorin von Kinder- und Jugendbüchern, Illustratorin und Literaturkritikerin
 Olech, Wiktorija (* 1993), ukrainische Skilangläuferin
 Olech, Zbigniew (1940–2008), polnischer Boxer
 Olechnowicz, Bogusława (* 1962), polnische Judoka
 Olechnowitz, Karl-Friedrich (1920–1975), deutscher Mittelalterhistoriker in Rostock
 Olechowska, Alicja (* 1956), polnische Politikerin (Platforma Obywatelska), Mitglied des Sejm
 Olechowski, Andrzej (* 1947), polnischer Politiker
 Olechowski, Richard (* 1936), österreichischer Erziehungswissenschaftler
 Olechowski, Thomas (* 1973), österreichischer Rechtshistoriker
 Olecki, Wiktor (1909–1981), polnischer Radsportler, nationaler Meister im Radsport

Olef
 Olef, Ingrid (* 1939), deutsche Politikerin (SPD), MdL
 Oleff, Wyatt (* 2003), US-amerikanischer Schauspieler
 Olefirenko, Olena (* 1978), ukrainische Ruderin

Oleg
 Oleg, legendarischer Fürst von Mähren
 Oleg, Regent über das spätere Großfürstentum Kiew und Gründer des Kiewer Reiches
 Oleg Swjatoslawitsch († 977), Fürst der Drewljanen
 Oleguer († 1137), Bischof von Barcelona und Erzbischof von Tarragona
 Oleguer (* 1980), spanischer Fußballspieler

Olei
 Oleikiewitz, Peter (* 1946), deutscher Politiker (SPD), MdV, MdL
 Oleinikov, Igor (* 1968), deutscher Maler
 Oleinikow, Igor Juljewitsch (* 1953), russischer Kinderbuch-Illustrator und Künstler
 Oleinikow, Iwan Antonowitsch (* 1998), russischer Fußballspieler
 Oleinikowa, Jelena Anatoljewna (* 1976), russische Dreispringerin

Olej
 Olejak, Marc (* 1971), deutscher Politiker (Piratenpartei), MdL
 Olejár, Lukáš (* 1987), slowakischer Biathlet und Skilangläufer
 Olejňák, Martin (* 1970), slowakischer Volleyballtrainer
 Olejniczak Lobsien, Verena (* 1957), deutsche Anglistin und Hochschullehrerin
 Olejniczak, Andrzej (* 1954), polnischer Jazzmusiker (Tenor- und Sopransaxophon)
 Olejniczak, Danuta (* 1952), polnische Politikerin (Platforma Obywatelska), Mitglied des Sejm
 Olejniczak, Dawid (* 1983), polnischer Tennisspieler
 Olejniczak, Michał (* 2001), polnischer Handballspieler
 Olejniczak, Stanisław (1938–2022), polnischer Basketballspieler
 Olejniczak, Wojciech (* 1974), polnischer Politiker (SLD), Mitglied des Sejm, MdEP
 Olejnik, Craig (* 1979), kanadischer Schauspieler
 Olejnik, Hartmut (* 1930), deutscher Gartenarchitekt, Direktor des Tierpark Stralsund
 Olejník, Ladislav (1932–2022), deutsch-tschechischer Eishockeyspieler und -trainer
 Olejnik, Monika (* 1956), polnische Journalistin
 Olejnik, Robert (* 1986), österreichischer Fußballspieler
 Olejnik, Wilhelm (1888–1967), deutscher Politiker (SPD), MdL

Olek
 Olek, Alexander (* 1969), deutscher Biochemiker und Unternehmer
 Olek, Alfred (1940–2007), polnischer Fußballspieler
 Olek, Stefan (1920–1991), französischer Boxer
 Olekas, Juozas (* 1955), litauischer Politiker und Arzt (Mikrochirurgie)
 Oleknavicius, Algis (* 1947), deutscher Radrennfahrer und Radsportfunktionär
 Oleknavicius, Günter (* 1950), deutscher Fußballspieler
 Oleksiak, Jamie (* 1992), kanadisch-US-amerikanischer Eishockeyspieler
 Oleksiak, Jean (* 1935), französischer Fußballspieler
 Oleksiak, Penny (* 2000), kanadische Schwimmerin
 Oleksy, Józef (1946–2015), polnischer Politiker, Mitglied des Sejm, MdEP
 Oleksy, Steven (* 1986), US-amerikanischer Eishockeyspieler

Olem
 Olembé, Salomon (* 1980), kamerunischer Fußballspieler

Olen
 Olen, griechischer Dichter, Kultstifter und Priester
 Olenhusen, Karl Götz von (1847–1933), deutscher Rittergutsbesitzer und Politiker (DHP), MdR
 Oleniak, Juan Carlos (* 1942), argentinischer Fußballspieler
 Olenicak, Volker (* 1966), deutscher Politiker (AfD), MdL
 Olenik, Walentin Grigorjewitsch (1939–1987), sowjetischer Ringer
 Olenin, Alexei Nikolajewitsch (1763–1843), russischer Artillerieoffizier, Staatssekretär und Historiker
 Olenina, Anna Alexejewna (1808–1888), russische Sängerin und Autorin
 Olenius, Elsa (1896–1984), schwedische Bibliothekarin, Theaterpädagogin und Autorin
 Olenius, Valto (1920–1983), finnischer Stabhochspringer
 Olenschlager, Johann Daniel von (1711–1778), Frankfurter Patrizier und Politiker
 Olenschlager, Johann Nicolaus (1751–1820), deutscher Patrizier und Politiker
 Olenska-Petryschyn, Arkadija (1934–1996), ukrainische Künstlerin, Kunstkritikerin und Herausgeberin

Oler
 Oler, Newell (1934–2001), US-amerikanischer Pianist
 Olera, Clemente d' (1501–1568), italienischer Kardinal
 Olère, David (1902–1985), jüdischer Maler polnischer Abstammung

Oles
 Oleś, Bartłomiej (* 1973), polnischer Schlagzeuger, Komponist und Produzent
 Oles, Bernd (1921–1988), deutscher Fußballtrainer
 Oles, Lou (1923–1967), US-amerikanischer Jazzmusiker
 Oleś, Marcin (* 1973), polnischer Bassist und Komponist
 Oleś, Marian (1934–2005), polnischer Geistlicher, römisch-katholischer Erzbischof und Diplomat des Heiligen Stuhls
 Oles, Oleksandr (1878–1944), ukrainischer Schriftsteller
 Olesch, Reinhold (1910–1990), deutscher Slawist und Sprachwissenschaftler
 Olescha, Juri Karlowitsch (1899–1960), russischer Schriftsteller
 Oleschinski, Brigitte (* 1955), deutsche Politologin und Lyrikerin
 Oleschnja, Sergei Nikolajewitsch (* 1956), sowjetisch-russischer Bildhauer und Hochschullehrer
 Oleschtschuk, Mykola (* 1972), ukrainischer Generalleutnant
 Olesen, Alf (1921–2007), dänischer Hindernisläufer
 Olesen, Annette K. (* 1965), dänische Filmregisseurin
 Olesen, Henrik (* 1967), dänischer Konzeptkünstler
 Olesen, Ib, dänischer Badmintonspieler
 Olesen, Jens (* 1950), dänischer Historiker
 Olesen, Kirsten (* 1949), dänische Schauspielerin
 Olesen, Kjeld (* 1932), dänischer sozialdemokratischer Politiker, Mitglied des Folketing, MdEP
 Olesen, Mathias (* 2001), luxemburgisch-dänischer Fußballspieler
 Olesen, Ole Birk (* 1972), dänischer Politiker und Journalist
 Olesiejuk, Stanisław (* 1956), polnischer Maler, Zeichner und Lehrer
 Olesk, Lui (1876–1932), estnischer Jurist und Politiker
 Olesk, Olev (1921–2017), estnischer Exilpolitiker
 Olesk, Peeter (1953–2021), estnischer Literaturwissenschaftler und Politiker
 Olesk, Sirje (* 1954), estnische Literaturwissenschaftlerin und Kritikerin
 Oleska, Helena (1875–1969), polnische Sängerin
 Oleska, Kurt (* 1914), deutscher Basketballspieler
 Olesker, Daniel (* 1952), uruguayischer Politiker
 Oleśnicki, Zbigniew (1389–1455), Bischof von Krakau, Kardinal, Kanzler und Diplomat
 Oleśnicki, Zbigniew (1430–1493), polnischer Staatsmann, Erzbischof von Gniezno, Primas von Polen
 Oleson, Brad (* 1983), US-amerikanischer Basketballspieler
 Oleson, John Peter (* 1946), kanadisch-US-amerikanischer Klassischer Archäologe
 Oleson, Nicholas R. (1966–1997), US-amerikanischer Schauspieler
 Olesz, Rostislav (* 1985), tschechischer Eishockeyspieler
 Oleszczuk, Kacper (* 1994), polnischer Leichtathlet
 Oleszkiewicz, Darek (* 1963), polnischer Jazzmusiker und Komponist

Olet
 Oletzky, Torsten (* 1966), deutscher Manager

Olev
 Olev, Fjodor (* 1984), deutscher Schauspieler, Synchronsprecher und Hörspielsprecher
 Olev, Pjotr (* 1955), russischer Schauspieler und Regisseur
 Olevian, Caspar (1536–1587), deutscher reformierter Theologe

Olex
 Olexesh (* 1988), deutsch-ukrainischer Rapper

Oley
 Oley, Dominic (* 1980), deutscher Schauspieler
 Oley, Holger (* 1959), deutscher Independent-Musiker, Sänger und Buchautor
 Oley, Johann Christoph (1738–1789), deutscher Komponist und Organist der frühen Klassik
 Oleynik, Larisa (* 1981), US-amerikanische Schauspielerin

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Third Options
Scrolling through Twitter recently, I found a very interesting graphic by The Economist. Based on the results of both the Democrat and Republican primaries, the magazine tried to paint a picture of what the makeup of a US parliament would look like. They chose to split the seats up between not two parties- not just the Democrats and Republicans- but instead between five fictional parties: the 'Social Democratic Party' representing the progressive wing of the Democrats led by Bernie Sanders, the more centre-left 'Liberal Party' mainstream with Hillary Clinton, the centre-right 'Conservative Party' with John Kasich as its figurehead, a 'Christian Coalition' of religious right-wingers led by Ted Cruz and of course a more extremist, populist 'People's Party' for Donald Trump.
What did I find so interesting about this little graphic? I like the fact that it illustrates very clearly the various "flavours", so to speak, of the left/right ideologies that are in the American political system but that are not fully represented because of the two party system that is so completely dominating. Certainly the Democrats are one party and can be loosely grouped as 'left-wing', but Elizabeth Warren and Hillary Clinton certainly has very different views of what policies should be adopted. The Republicans are more clearly divided into the more mainstream Republicans and the Tea Party, but these are informal labels; no one is running under the 'Tea Party' on the ballot paper.
This two-party system contrasts with most other countries. The UK has two large parties- the Conservatives and Labour- but other parties are also quite well represented in parliament; as recently as last year the Liberal Democrats still shared power with the Conservatives in a coalition government. From Taiwan to France to Canada: I find it difficult to think of another country that has fewer than three well-represented political parties.
The problem this causes for the US voters is often they have to vote for candidates that do not necessarily represent their views very well. If you're socially liberal, but fiscally conservative, then neither the Democrats nor Republicans will field a candidate that you're going to particularly agree with. On the other hand, if you're an ultra-liberal, you're lucky if you have a local Bernie Sanders running; more often than not, you'll have to vote for a Democrat who may very well be too much to the centre for your tastes. Aside from ideological issues, the popularity of the candidates also matter when most of the time you only have two to choose from: this is a particularly acute issue with the 2016 election. Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump are the presumptive nominees for the Democrats and the Republicans, respectively, and both have historic, horrific favourability ratings. They are, to put it mildly, fairly disliked by the general electorate.
The truth is that most people know that there are more options than just Clinton and Trump. Everyone knows that third parties exist. Sometimes, independents run with stunning success; just think of Ross Perot or Ralph Nader, for instance. Not quite successful enough to actually take the White House, perhaps, but enough to make a mark. This year, however, third party candidates are making a different pitch. Ideologically, Clinton is to the right of too many progressives, while Trump has no real position we can discern on the left-right spectrum as his platform consists only of vague reiterations of 'America First'. They are also too unpopular and loathed by too many voters, to the point where they cannot consider voting for any candidate. This year, the third party candidates argue, is the year that they can make their mark.
While I'm deeply skeptical of this pitch, not least because you can't get votes if people don't know you, I still think that it's also worthwhile to take at least a moment's glance at the third parties running this year. They're very unlikely to win the presidency, but at least one may very well be headed to qualify for the general election debates- something third party candidates haven't done in a very long time- and they still put up a strong showing, earning more publicity for the future.
So let us spend some time discussing these candidates. One candidate is Dr. Jill Stein of the Green Party. Previously the Green Party nominee in 2012, she seems the most likely to be the nominee again in 2016. She received the most votes of any female presidential candidate in American history (a record likely to be broken this year by Clinton, of course). She advocates for what she calls a 'Green New Deal' by creating renewable energy jobs to not only employ Americans, thus solving economic issues, but also to solve the climate change crisis and other environmental concerns. Stein also wants to build more infrastructure related to clean energy power generation and increasing inter-city railroads.; this would be financed by cutting the military budget. Stein also believes in a national minimum wage, financial reform, and even abolishing the electoral vote.
Overall, the closest comparison we can make is that Jill Stein is the Green Party's version of Bernie Sanders: unabashedly progressive and left-wing. The Green Party realises this as well, and is making very public efforts to court frustrated Sanders supporters who may be unwilling to switch allegiances to Clinton in the general election. She even called on Sanders himself to run on the Green Party ticket. However, whether Stein will have any success in wooing over Sanders' fans is unknown. The Green Party does not have formidable campaign infrastructure and they probably will not even make it on the ballot in all fifty states. An almost complete lack of publicity, needless to say, does not make it any easier to compete.
The other notable third party candidate is former New Mexico governor Gary Johnson who is running as the Libertarian Party nominee. Like Stein, he also ran in 2012 and by winning 1% of the popular vote was able to secure the Libertarian Party's best national performance in its history. This time around, Johnson is running with former Massachusetts governor Bill Weld. With two former two-term governors on the same ticket, the two are able to boast that they have the most executive experience among all the parties competing in this election. For someone unimpressed with Clinton tenure as Secretary of State, and terrified with Trump's complete lack of governing experience (and complete lack of interest in learning about governing), it is not difficult to be swayed by the allure of such experienced former officeholders.
As the name of the ideology suggests, libertarianism advocates the most minimal of government interventions in the lives of the people; it takes the Reaganesque view of "Government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem" to the extreme. Combining a liberal social outlook with a conservative fiscal stance, Johnson wants to cut taxes, cut government spending, holds pro-choice views and wants to legalise marijuana. And this poses a conundrum for disaffected conservatives who do not want to vote for Trump. Johnson, despite possessing the right credentials for the job and the right economic outlook, certainly does not share the same stances on social issues as the Republican base. Whether or not this will be a large problem as he attempts to steal Republicans away from voting for the billionaire on their ticket remains to be seen. Adherence to the libertarian ideology certainly does raise some questions about the party's readiness for governance; a particularly memorable moment during the Libertarian convention came when Johnson was booed for announcing that he believes blind people shouldn't be allowed to drive (clearly an infringement upon liberty).
What is clear, however, is that both Stein and Johnson have an audience to be talking to; in the case of Stein, it's the progressives who wanted Sanders but despise Clinton, while for Johnson, it's the conservatives who can't stomach the idea of voting for Trump. With both major party nominees so historically unpopular, it is no wonder that the Greens and Libertarians are seeing this as their major chance to enter the limelight. And certainly, the effect of the two unpopular nominees are already showing. Johnson is polling relatively well, gaining over 10% in a couple of national polls. His goal will be to get to 15%, which will earn him a place on the debate stage with Trump and Clinton come the fall. It would also be interesting to see what the aftermath would be if the Libertarians or the Greens managed to seize a sizeable portion of the electorate, and especially if the Libertarians do manage to win some electoral votes. Would this give more prominence to down-ballot candidates in the future, leading to a breakdown of the two-party stranglehold of Congress? But would this also lead to the "spoiler effect", potentially changing the result of the election, as Nader perhaps did in 2000 or Perot perhaps did in the 1990s?
Of course, the next president will still almost certainly be named Clinton or Trump, not Johnson or Stein. But I think that the emergence of more parties on the national scene can only be a good thing for the American political process. I think back to the graphic that I began with in this post, with the "United States parliament". There are far more political positions than there are candidates, and simply by being options, the Greens and Libertarians are giving the people a choice to not simply vote for "the lesser of two evils", but for a candidate that actually represents their political views. And finally, if there are more than Democrats and Republicans to choose from, it may also help break the destructive march towards ever-greater polarisation in American politics.
American Politics, Global Politics

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Westlake Legal Group > Tesla Motors Inc
Tesla Value Hits $100 Billion. Will Elon Musk Get a Big Bonus?
in Automobiles, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, Executive Compensation, Musk, Elon, News, News and News Media, News Corporation, News Media, News Releases, Stocks and Bonds, Tesla Motors Inc, Uncategorized
Tesla's share price hit a record high on Wednesday, surpassing a threshold that could ultimately unlock hundreds of millions of dollars in bonus compensation for its chief executive, Elon Musk.
The award is contingent on a $100 billion market capitalization for Tesla — the milestone reached Wednesday — over a sustained period. The stock closed at $569.56 per share, giving the company a valuation just shy of $103 billion.
If the market capitalization remains above $100 billion on average over a six-month period, including at least 30 consecutive days, Mr. Musk will have the option to buy about 1.69 million shares at about $350 each — a payout worth more than $370 million before taxes at the current stock price.
Forbes and Bloomberg estimate Mr. Musk's current net worth at about $32 billion, about half of it composed of Tesla shares.
Tesla's gain of more than 4 percent in Wednesday's trading extended a recent surge in which its share price has more than doubled in three months. Along the way, Tesla's market value surpassed that of General Motors and Ford Motor combined, reflecting a faith among some investors in the company's ability to disrupt the automotive industry.
At the same time, the stock is also one of the biggest targets of short-sellers, ranking alongside much larger companies like Apple and Microsoft in interest from investors who hope to profit from what they see as an inevitable decline in the share price. According to S3 Partners, a financial technology and data firm, the number of Tesla shares shorted has hovered around 26 million or 27 million — about 20 percent of the shares available for trading — for some time.
"The amount is just telling you that the soap opera continues," said Bob Sloan, the founder of S3 Partners. "The company's stock has doubled, and the doubters are still the doubters."
Tesla's stock started surging in October when the company reported an unexpected profit for the third quarter after recording a $1.1 billion loss in the first half of 2019 as it struggled to produce and deliver its Model 3 sedan. Earlier, in September 2018, Mr. Musk had agreed to step down as chairman in a settlement with the Securities and Exchange Commission after it had accused him of misleading investors with a claim on Twitter about having "funding secured" to take the company private.
Even with that settlement, Tesla remains under regulatory scrutiny. Last week, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration said that it was considering a request to investigate claims that some Tesla vehicles have accelerated on their own. The company dismissed the claims as "completely false" in a blog post. The author of the request, Brian Sparks, acknowledged in an interview with CNBC that he was shorting Tesla's stock.
The highway safety agency is also investigating at least 14 crashes involving Tesla vehicles in which Autopilot, its driver-assistance system, is believed to have been engaged. The National Transportation Safety Board is meeting next month to look into one such crash in Mountain View, Calif., in 2018.
Despite its difficulties, the company has become a force in its industry, said Colin Rusch, an analyst at Oppenheimer.
"We're looking at a company that we think has a very sturdy and insightful strategy in terms of the narrowness of the focus on the technology and really looking at disrupting the industry in a way that consumers find compelling," he said.
Mr. Rusch is one of several Tesla analysts who increased their target price for the company's stock this month, reflecting growing faith on Wall Street that the company can manage a global expansion and steal market share from established automakers that have been slow to develop and sell electric vehicles.
The company has shown that it can learn quickly from its mistakes and has displayed "larger ambition" than its peers, Mr. Rusch said in a research note. It also benefits from a large fleet of vehicles on the road collecting data that could be used to train future autonomous driving systems.
In a CNBC interview on Wednesday, President Trump reflected the enthusiasm that many investors have for Mr. Musk, comparing him to Thomas Edison and describing him as "one of our great geniuses."
Tesla managed a difficult transition last year as it ramped up production of the Model 3, which accounted for more than 80 percent of the cars it produced and delivered in the fourth quarter of 2019. This month, Tesla began delivering cars built at a new Shanghai factory. The company plans to start deliveries this year of the Model Y, a sport utility vehicle that Mr. Musk has said could become the company's most popular offering.
The bonus that Mr. Musk stands to receive for his stewardship of the company is part of a unique compensation plan Tesla laid out two years ago that includes 12 components. Under its terms, Mr. Musk, who does not take a salary, would be allowed to buy just over 20 million shares of Tesla stock at a deep discount as the company meets a mix of revenue, profit and valuation targets.
"It's certainly a very unusual compensation plan," said Ken Bertsch, the executive director of the Council of Institutional Investors, which represents pension funds, endowments and other investors.
The council's members are divided on the plan, he said. Proponents say it wisely provides an incentive to Mr. Musk, whose leadership they view as crucial to Tesla's success. Opponents say it overemphasizes his role and could lead to decisions aimed at increasing Tesla's market capitalization, such as making acquisitions, even if they don't make sense for the company.
Should Tesla achieve all of the goals laid out in the compensation plan, including reaching a $650 billion market capitalization — or roughly double Walmart's valuation today — Mr. Musk could receive up to $55 billion in compensation, a number that could change if the company issues more stock.
Tesla Reports Record Output as Elon Musk Achieves Goal
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Tesla on Friday said that it had produced over 100,000 vehicles and delivered even more in the fourth quarter of 2019, meeting a goal it had laid out to investors and ending the year on stronger footing than it began.
In a statement, the electric-vehicle maker said it delivered 112,000 cars in the final three months of last year and produced a record 104,891, showing healthy demand as it continues to focus on global growth.
"When you deliver more cars than you produce, you get into your bank more cash than you spent," said Pierre Ferragu, an analyst with New Street Research. He said that would enable Tesla to continue its expansion, including its manufacturing presence in China, where cars are beginning to roll off a Shanghai assembly line.
Mr. Ferragu estimated that Tesla delivered about 60,000 vehicles in North America and 52,000 internationally in the fourth quarter. The company did not provide a breakdown.
Friday's figures put Tesla's total deliveries for 2019 at 367,500, which the company said was 50 percent more than in 2018. It had forecast deliveries of 360,000 to 400,000 for the year, and analysts say that the company could deliver as many as half a million vehicles in 2020.
The news caps a volatile year for Tesla, which turned a corner in the second half of 2019 after the strain of a $1.1 billion loss in the first half. After falling as low as $177 in June, the company's stock price started to soar in late October, when Tesla reported a third-quarter profit. The stock closed Thursday at $430.26 and rose more than 3 percent after the announcement Friday, briefly reaching a new high, even as the overall market declined.
The share price last week surpassed a milestone of $420. It was at that price that Tesla's chief executive, Elon Musk, said in 2018 that he had "funding secured" to take the company private. The deal turned out to be less solid than Mr. Musk had made it seem, attracting the scrutiny of federal regulators and resulting in his stepping down as chairman.
Expectations for the year ahead are mixed. Some analysts predict Tesla's stock will rise above $500 because of increasing interest in electric vehicles and the company's strong recent performance. Others say the company is greatly overvalued.
By most accounts, however, Tesla underwent a difficult yet successful evolution in the last year as it ramped up production and sales of its less-expensive Model 3, shifting away from its larger and lower-volume Model X and Model S.
"Those transitions are usually never seamless, never easy," said Jed Dorsheimer, an analyst with Canaccord Genuity. "They're bumpy and they can be ugly. But the company executed pretty well." He expects Tesla's stock to reach $515 as demand accelerates for electric vehicles.
The Model 3 accounted for more than 80 percent of the cars produced and delivered by Tesla in the fourth quarter, according to the figures released Friday.
Tesla this week announced the first deliveries of the nearly 1,000 cars it has produced so far at its Shanghai factory, less than a year after breaking ground. Until now, Tesla output had been limited to its assembly line in Fremont, Calif. The company said it had demonstrated an ability to produce more than 3,000 vehicles per week at the Shanghai plant.
Such news has heartened optimistic analysts like Mr. Ferragu and Mr. Dorsheimer, but others are more skeptical about the year ahead for Tesla.
While the company has been a leading maker of electric vehicles, it faces growing competition from established carmakers and start-ups alike, said Craig Irwin, an analyst with Roth Capital Partners.
"Yeah, they're the innovator," he said. "Yeah, they're aggressively out there first on the technology, and they've done a superb job. But others will be in that market, too. It's not just going to be exclusively for Tesla."
To Mr. Irwin, the company's stock is "egregiously" overvalued because many investors still treat Tesla as a company defined by aggressive growth even though it has matured into something different.
"Now it needs to be treated like an automotive company," he said.
Tesla had also benefited in recent years from a federal tax credit on electric vehicles that effectively lowered the cost of its vehicles by as much as $7,500. But the credit began phasing out after Tesla sold 200,000 qualifying cars and was fully eliminated at the end of last year.
That may be an advantage for Tesla rivals that are able to offer the credit. But analysts do not expect the loss of the tax credit to have a major long-term effect on sales for Tesla, a well-known brand at a time when demand for electric vehicles is rising.
In addition to its global expansion, Tesla plans to begin deliveries of its all-electric, midsize sport utility vehicle, the Model Y, in the fall. Thanks to a significant overlap in components with the Model 3, the company should be able to save on production costs for the Model Y, analysts said, though some question whether the new S.U.V. will eat into demand for the Model 3.
Tesla Stock Hits Elon Musk's Magic Number: $420
in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, Musk, Elon, News, News and News Media, News Corporation, News Media, News Releases, Prices (Fares, Fees and Rates), Stocks and Bonds, Tesla Motors Inc, Uncategorized
Back in August 2018, Elon Musk casually announced on Twitter that he planned to take Tesla private at a price of $420 a share, a 20 percent premium at the time. He added that he had "funding secured."
The announcement turned out to be much less secure than Mr. Musk had suggested, and it landed him in hot water with securities regulators, who asserted that he had misled investors. For more than a year after that, troubles seemed to mount for Mr. Musk and his electric-car company — including distribution challenges, a sales slump, quarterly losses, a liquidity scare and more legal problems for Mr. Musk.
All of that weighed heavily on Tesla's share price, which fell as low as $177 in June.
But in recent months the company has seemed to turn a corner. Rising sales lifted Tesla to a profit in the third quarter, it unveiled a fourth car for its model line, and it completed a factory in China, a market of vast potential growth.
On Monday, its stock reached a milestone, rising to an intraday high of $422, exceeding the price that Mr. Musk once appeared to offer. Even though Tesla shares ended the day slightly below $420, they are up more than 60 percent in two months.
"It's pretty dramatic how sentiment has shifted about the company's outlook," said Mike Ramsey, a Gartner analyst.
Tesla's fortunes have risen as Mr. Musk has presented a more measured presence on Twitter this year, refraining from clashing as often as he did in the past with short-sellers — investors betting against Tesla's stock — and other detractors online.
And Mr. Musk scored a legal victory this month when a jury in federal court in Los Angeles cleared him in a defamation case brought by a British man whom Mr. Musk had referred to as a "pedo guy."
"It removes a major issue that was hanging over the company that could be really damaging to the brand," Mr. Ramsey said. "Now he's off the hook."
Tesla did not respond to requests for comment.
Mr. Musk hasn't eliminated all irreverence from his Twitter feed. After the stock passed the $420 mark on Monday, he tweeted, "Whoa … the stock is so high lol," apparently a reference to the association between the number 420 and marijuana use.
Right after Mr. Musk proposed taking Tesla private at $420 a share, he appeared to take a puff of a marijuana cigarette during a podcast interview, one of the actions that had raised concerns about his behavior among investors and his own board members.
Tesla still faces plenty of challenges. Sales of its most profitable cars, the Model S luxury sedan and Model X sport utility vehicle, have plunged. It is spending heavily to ramp up production in China, build a plant in Germany and finish development of two new vehicles — a roomier version of its Model 3 sedan called the Model Y and a wedge-shaped pickup known as the Cybertruck.
On Jan. 1, Tesla will have exhausted the federal tax credit available to its buyers, effectively making its cars slightly more expensive just as more competing models are arriving on the market.
Mr. Musk has also promised to have a million self-driving cars on the road by summer, while other industry executives have concluded that autonomous vehicles are still several years away from widespread use.
Nevertheless, cost-cutting and continuing increases in sales of its most affordable car, the Model 3, have put the company into the black. It reported income of $143 million for the third quarter, when many analysts had expected a loss. It sold 97,000 cars in the period, helped by rising sales overseas.
Tesla needs to sell 105,000 cars this quarter to reach sales of 360,000 cars for the year. It had forecast 360,000 to 400,000.
The new factory outside Shanghai should help Tesla continue its growth streak. China is the world's largest market for electric cars, but Tesla has been held back because import duties make its vehicles more expensive there. The new plant will produce the Model 3. The car will be eligible for incentives offered by the Chinese government aimed at encouraging purchases of locally made electric cars.
At the same time, Mr. Musk's more measured presence on social media has eased concerns about the company's decision making, Mr. Ramsey said.
"I have always felt the only thing that could truly derail Tesla was Elon going off the rails with his behavior," he said. "And he has been more professional."
In October, Mr. Musk said the Model Y would be available in the summer and probably outpace the Model 3 in sales. Last month, he unveiled the Cybertruck, although production probably won't start for at least two years.
Tesla may be beaten in the race to offer an electric truck by another start-up automaker, Rivian Motors. On Monday, Rivian said it had raised $1.3 billion from investors including the fund manager T. Rowe Price, Amazon and Ford Motor. Earlier this year, Rivian announced three other rounds of funding totaling more than $1.5 billion.
Elon Musk Is Cleared in Lawsuit Over His 'Pedo Guy' Tweet
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Elon Musk did not defame a British cave explorer by calling him a "pedo guy" on Twitter, a jury concluded on Friday in Los Angeles. The verdict ended a short trial based on an acrid dispute between the men over the high-profile rescue of a group of children trapped in Thailand in the summer of 2018.
"My faith in humanity is restored," Mr. Musk told reporters after hearing the verdict.
The explorer, Vernon Unsworth, sued Mr. Musk in September last year, arguing that the billionaire had used the tweet to insinuate that Mr. Unsworth was a pedophile and damage his reputation. Mr. Musk, the chief executive of Tesla, and his lawyers countered that "pedo guy" was a generic insult borrowed from his youth in South Africa.
Both men had become involved in the rescue shortly after rising waters trapped a boys' soccer team in a cave in June 2018. Mr. Unsworth had firsthand knowledge of the cave system, while Mr. Musk flew in a team of engineers and proposed an unorthodox rescue plan using a minisubmarine.
After Mr. Unsworth slammed the idea in a televised interview, suggesting that Mr. Musk "stick his submarine where it hurts," the billionaire lashed out on Twitter, describing Mr. Unsworth as a "pedo guy" in a post to his 22 million followers at the time.
"I felt it to be disgusting," Mr. Unsworth testified on Wednesday, the second day of the trial. "I was effectively given a life sentence without parole."
Mr. Musk and his lawyers argued that Mr. Unsworth was not appreciably harmed by the post, which Mr. Musk deleted shortly afterward with an explanation that it had been written "in anger." Specifically, a lawyer for Mr. Musk pointed in court to a photograph of Mr. Unsworth standing next to the British prime minister at a ceremony, as well as video of the explorer smiling and celebrating the rescue.
It was not the only time that Mr. Musk's posts on Twitter have created problems for him. Also last year, he was replaced as chairman of Tesla's board as part of a settlement with the Securities and Exchange Commission over a tweet in which he said the company had "funding secured" to take the company private. He later explained in a blog post that he had mistakenly believed such a deal to be closer to completion than was really the case.
Even after deleting the tweet about Mr. Unsworth, Mr. Musk did not let the dispute go, later telling BuzzFeed News in an email that Mr. Unsworth was a "child rapist," an assertion offered without evidence. The accusation was based on information from a man he had hired who claimed to be a private investigator and, it turned out, had been convicted of fraud in Britain.
While that story was brought up in the trial, the judge overseeing the case, Stephen Wilson, instructed the jury that it was not the subject of the case.
On the witness stand this week, Mr. Musk apologized for using the term in the first place and drawing attention away from the ultimately successful effort to save the children.
"It should've just been, 'Here's a rescue, and that's great,'" he testified.
Tesla's Winding Road to Berlin
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GRÜNHEIDE, Germany — The visitors from Palo Alto, Calif., were shown how Berlin, a hive of tech start-ups that likens itself to Silicon Valley, is just a short commute away.
They were promised building permits in four weeks rather than the customary 11 months.
And they were taken aloft in a 44-year-old Russian biplane for a leisurely tour of the site.
And it worked. Elon Musk, the chief executive of Tesla, decided to build the carmaker's first major European factory in Grünheide, a village just outside Berlin and surrounded by undeveloped tracts.
Mr. Musk made the announcement during seemingly impromptu remarks at an automotive awards ceremony in Berlin last week.
But the decision was months in the making, involving an elaborate courtship by local officials eager to attract not only the jobs that Tesla would bring — an estimated 2,000 to 3,000 within two years and eventually as many as 7,000 — but also the prestige. Somehow, the officials managed to keep the negotiations secret until Mr. Musk sprang the news.
A lot of things could still go wrong. Tesla, which has opposed unionization at its plant in Fremont, Calif., may chafe at German labor laws that give workers a say in management and limit overtime. Environmental groups may object to manufacturing on land near a nature preserve. The notoriously unpredictable Mr. Musk could change his mind.
Still, the decision was hugely significant for Germany, where cars are the biggest export and the backbone of the economy.
The news has temporarily quieted rising alarm that the German auto industry faces serious disruption from a transition to battery-powered cars like those made by Tesla.
A recent government study concluded that the switch to electric vehicles could cost Germany 114,000 jobs by 2035 and shave 0.6 percent from its gross domestic product. That is because electric cars have fewer moving parts and are simpler to make.
Grünheide's mayor, Arne Christiani, pointing out the factory site on a land-use plan in his office.Credit…Andreas Meichsner for The New York Times A vehicle charging station in Grünheide. Tesla's Model 3 is the best-selling battery-powered car in Europe.Credit…Andreas Meichsner for The New York Times
In addition, battery cells are made almost exclusively outside Germany and must be imported. German suppliers of parts for internal combustion engines, like pistons, ignition systems or emissions control equipment, face declines in sales.
Tesla's assembly plant would offset some of the job losses, and the company also plans to build batteries in Germany.
Based in Palo Alto, Tesla has already been taking market share from the German manufacturers BMW, Volkswagen and Daimler, the maker of Mercedes-Benz cars. The Tesla Model 3 has become best-selling battery-powered car in Europe, a segment that is small but growing fast.
With Tesla near Berlin, the established German carmakers "will have a better view of what Tesla is doing," said Felipe Munoz, a senior analyst at the market research firm JATO Dynamics. "They will need to accelerate their electrification plans."
Tesla did not respond this week to requests for comment, but Mr. Musk indicated that one attraction of Germany was its automaking tradition and deep pool of engineering expertise. That could be a reason he did not choose a country like Poland or the Czech Republic, where labor costs are much lower.
Tesla is ahead of the German carmakers in designing electric cars that people want to buy, but Daimler, BMW and Volkswagen can teach it a lot about how to churn out cars by the millions. While Tesla has had well-documented problems scaling up its manufacturing, Volkswagen has just begun mass producing an electric hatchback in Zwickau that will undercut the Model 3 on price.
"Some of the best cars in the world are made in Germany," Mr. Musk said while appearing at an industry event in Berlin last week alongside Herbert Diess, the chief executive of Volkswagen. "Everyone knows that German engineering is outstanding, for sure."
The state of Brandenburg, which includes Grünheide and was once part of East Germany, was a long shot to win the Tesla plant. The center of gravity of the German auto industry is in the southern states of Bavaria, home of BMW, and Baden-Württemberg, home of Daimler. Brandenburg, on the other hand, is known by some as the home of Berlin's new airport, whose construction has been plagued by technical problems and cost overruns and is seven years behind schedule.
The local effort to persuade Tesla officials was led by Jörg Steinbach, the economics minister of Brandenburg and a member of the left-leaning Social Democratic Party. He set out to prove that the sometimes ponderous state bureaucracy could move at Silicon Valley speed, and he was the one who promised the expedited permits.
Mr. Steinbach also chartered the Antonov biplane to sell executives on the virtues of the proposed factory site. (The plane seats up to 12 people, and Antonovs are maneuverable enough to be used as crop dusters.) It helped that the site had already been approved for a factory that BMW decided to build in Leipzig instead.
Mr. Christiani, on the Tesla site, said local officials hoped the factory would lure working-age people back from the cities.Credit…Andreas Meichsner for The New York Times
Arne Christiani, the mayor of Grünheide, said officials had strained to be helpful because they hoped the factory would lure back working-age people who had left for the cities. He joked that Teslas could be rolling off the assembly line sooner than planes begin taking off from Berlin's much-delayed new airport.
"We've been making bets on what happens first," he said.
There was a tense moment when, during a conference call between German officials and Tesla executives, it emerged that Mr. Musk was under the impression that the site was in Berlin proper.
"I told him, 'Well, not quite,'" Mr. Steinbach recalled. "'It's actually in Brandenburg.'"
Since the fall of the Berlin Wall 30 years ago, Berlin has spawned a thriving arts and start-up scene. It was obviously important to Mr. Musk to be there, Mr. Steinbach said, noting that the plant would be called Gigafactory Berlin in the Greater Berlin Region.
On Nov. 12, Mr. Musk met with the team from Brandenburg in the Hotel Adlon, which once stood in the shadow of the Berlin Wall and is freighted with history. Tesla and the local officials signed a one-and-a-half page letter of intent. Hours later, Mr. Musk delivered the news while receiving a Golden Steering Wheel award from the Bild newspaper.
"I actually have an announcement, which I think will be hopefully well received," Mr. Musk said from the stage. "We've decided to put the Tesla Gigafactory Europe in the Berlin area." The audience gasped and applauded.
Questions remain, particularly about how Tesla's high-intensity, 24/7 work ethic will adapt to Germany, where factory managers are expected to consult with employee representatives before making major decisions.
"The labor laws are distinctly different here," said Olivier Höbel, head of the IG Metall union in Berlin, Brandenburg and Saxony, which represents autoworkers.
But he added, "We are very happy about the decision." The union will work with Tesla, he said, "to create the perfect climate that the project becomes a full success."
Christopher F. Schuetze reported from Grünheide, and Jack Ewing from Frankfurt.
Tesla Reports Profit for Quarter, Sending Shares Soaring
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Tesla surprised Wall Street on Wednesday by reporting $143 million in net income in the third quarter as cost reductions more than offset a slight decline in revenue.
The electric-car maker said it had earnings of $1.86 per share on an adjusted basis. Revenue was $6.3 billion in the quarter.
Analysts had expected a loss of 46 cents per share and revenue of $6.4 billion, according to FactSet.
"Investors will love the results," said Erik Gordon, a business professor at the University of Michigan who follows the auto industry.
The news sent Tesla's shares up 17 percent after the close of regular trading.
Tesla said it removed "substantial cost" from its operations.
"Operating expenses are at the lowest level since Model 3 production started," the company said in a statement. "This year our focus has been on cost control and preparing for our next phase of growth."
Tesla said capital expenditures totaled $385 million in the quarter. That was more than the $250 million spent in the second quarter, but down from $510 million in the third quarter a year ago.
At the same time, it said its cash on hand grew to $5.3 billion, an increase of $383 million.
The company said that construction of its Shanghai factory was ahead of schedule and that trial production had started there. Its next vehicle, the Model Y, a roomier version of the Model 3, is now expected to be in production by next summer. Previously, Tesla had said that car would not arrive until late next year.
Tesla reported this month that it delivered 97,000 cars in the third quarter, up from 95,000 in the second quarter. But the sales gain reflected demand for its least expensive offering, the Model 3.
The most affordable version of the Model 3 sells for $39,500. The Model S luxury sedan and Model X sport utility vehicle sell for $80,000 and up, but their sales have fallen as Model 3 production has increased. In the third quarter, Model S and X sales totaled 17,400 vehicles, compared to Model 3 sales of 79,600.
Before the earnings report on Wednesday, Tesla's stock closed at $255, down about 18 percent since the beginning of the year, although Tesla still has a market value of $46 billion, about $10 billion more than Ford Motor.
Tesla has forecast it will sell 360,000 to 400,000 cars this year, and to reach the bottom of that range it will need fourth-quarter sales of 105,000 vehicles.
Automakers typically see strong sales in the year's final three months, and Tesla could benefit if consumers in the United States rush to take advantage of the $1,875 federal tax credit available to buyers of Tesla vehicles. The tax credit will cease at the end of the year.
Tesla's Record Deliveries Aren't Enough for Investors
in Automobiles, Company Reports, Driverless and Semiautonomous Vehicles, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, Musk, Elon, News, News and News Media, News Corporation, News Media, News Releases, Tesla Motors Inc, Uncategorized
Tesla reported record quarterly deliveries on Wednesday, putting the electric-car maker within reach of its goal for the year. But analysts remain skeptical that the company will show a profit for the period.
The company said it delivered 97,000 new cars in the third quarter, a rise of almost 2 percent from the previous period. Production rose to 96,155 cars, a 10 percent increase. Tesla said that it took in a record number of net orders in the quarter and that it was entering the fourth quarter with a growing backlog.
The sales report was released after the stock market closed. Tesla's shares were off 6 percent in early trading on Thursday and are now down almost 40 percent from their 52-week high.
Last week, Tesla's chief executive, Elon Musk, told employees in an email that the company had "a shot" at delivering more than 100,000 vehicles in the quarter, adding that "demand is strong."
One challenge in translating demand into profits lies in the figures for individual models.
Tesla said it delivered 79,600 Model 3 sedans in the quarter, an increase of 2.6 percent from the second quarter. But deliveries of its larger, more established offerings — the Model S and the Model X — totaled 17,400, a decline of 250. Analysts say that is a problem for Tesla, since those vehicles often sell for $90,000 and produce far more profit than the Model 3, which sells for as little as $39,000.
Jeffrey Osborne of Cowen & Company said in a recent note to clients that unless Tesla cut costs enough to make money on the least expensive version of the Model 3, "margins are likely to continue to be under pressure and we don't see sustainable profitability in the near to midterm." He added that Cowen saw "a lot more that can go wrong than can go right."
Tesla lost $408 million in the second quarter even as it reported record deliveries and a substantial increase in revenue. Its third-quarter financial report is due in the weeks ahead.
So far this year, Tesla has delivered about 255,000 cars. To reach the low end of the range it has forecast for the year — 360,000 to 400,000 — it will need to sell more than 100,000 in the fourth quarter, only a slight increase from the third quarter but a milestone it has not yet achieved.
Since introducing the Model S in 2012, Tesla has become one of the top producers of luxury cars in the United States, rivaling more established brands like BMW and Mercedes-Benz. But the company has yet to turn an annual profit since its founding in 2003. And automakers including Porsche, Volvo and Audi are rolling out competing electric cars at a time when Tesla is at least a year away from the next addition to its lineup, the Model Y, a roomier version of the Model 3.
[Read more: A police Tesla nearly ran out of power during a chase. The department isn't worried.]
Mr. Musk has promised that by next year a million Tesla vehicles will be on the road with the ability to drive themselves and operate as driverless taxis. Other automakers working on self-driving cars say it will take several more years for the technology to be put into widespread use.
Tesla is also spending heavily to build a factory in China, develop an electric pickup truck, improve customer service and expand its network of charging stations.
One handicap that Tesla has faced in the United States this year resulted from its own success. Its cumulative sales reached a threshold at the end of last year that cut the federal tax credit available to buyers by half, to $3,750. That figure was halved again on July 1, and the credit will cease at the end of this year.
There have also been concerns about the capabilities of Tesla's Autopilot driver-assist system. Last month, the National Transportation Safety Board said Autopilot was at fault when a Tesla vehicle ran into a stopped fire truck in California in 2018. "The system was unable to immediately detect the hazard and accelerated the Tesla toward the stationary truck," the agency said.
And on Wednesday, federal safety regulators said they were looking at a new Tesla feature called Smart Summon, which is supposed to enable a vehicle to navigate from a spot in a parking lot to a waiting driver. "Your parked car will come find you," the company website says of the technology.
But since Tesla began adding the feature to some cars in recent days through a software update, videos have appeared in social media showing crashes or near accidents while Smart Summon was in use.
In a statement, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration said it was aware of reports about Smart Summon and was "in ongoing contact with the company and we continue to gather information." The agency's action was reported Wednesday afternoon by Bloomberg.
Tesla Reports a Record Quarter for Its Deliveries
Last week, its chief executive, Elon Musk, told employees in an email that the company had "a shot" at delivering more than 100,000 vehicles in the quarter, adding that "demand is strong."
One challenge in translating the sales into profits lies in the figures for individual models.


A new season of fraudulent phishing campaign unfortunately is already here. Recently, a number of Apple users have received convincing-looking (at first sight) emails pretending to be from Apple. Scammers became more experienced, and found a crafty way in order to trick unsuspecting visitors, and simply get their Apple ID and password. They send deceptive emails with fake links that look like they will take you to a legitimate website. However, if you follow such link, you will get to a website that has nothing to do with the company the email is pretending to be from.
If you are not a tech savvy person that can easily identify fraudulent phishing emails, please follow this post to learn top 5 tips on how to protect your personal data from adversaries.
Scammers generated tens or maybe even hundreds of fake Apple websites to steal as many Apple IDs and passwords as possible. Yet, we have some true solutions to avoid getting on the hook.
1. In OS X Lion and Mountain Lion, mouse over (but don't click) any link in an email, and you will see a pop-up that shows you the actual URL that you will be taken to. If the URL's in your email do not match, or the second URL is not from a domain or company you are familiar with, this is a good indication that this is a phishing email.
2. The true email should contain your actual Apple ID in its body, and your name in a greeting phrase. The existence of generic phrases in the email, such as "Dear valued customer," "Dear (your account name)", is a warning sign that this is a scam.
3. Do not reply to unsolicited messages. Never click any of the links or open attachments it contains. You may contact the company to verify the origin of the email and its content.
4. If the email contains a demand for urgent actions, for instance, telling you that you have only 24 hours to cancel a purchase if it wasn't made by you or to unlock your account, this is most probably a fraud.
5. If you do click the link, you can still check the website: whether it is trusted or not. Almost all browsers, including Safari 5, Firefox 7, Google Chrome, and Internet Explorer 10, display the company name in green if the site has been issued an Extended Validation Certificate (EV) and is a legitimate website.
Or, when a website requires to log in to your account, you may intentionally use the wrong password. A fake site will usually show you as logged-in anyway, and then start demanding personal information from you.
Note: Apple does not use pop-ups, and its genuine URL's are short.
The best way to avoid the phishing scams, and to protect your data, is simply not to follow any links you receive. But the more realistic way is to check the information you have received with the sender through a different channel. You may type the website you usually use to log in, and check if there are any notifications for you.
You may also enable two-factor authentication for your Apple ID. However, the best way to stay secure online is to use a virtual private network service, as VPN Unlimited. It is an excellent solution to avoid fraud, scam, and other types of cyber crimes that occur to million of people on a regular basis.
VPN Unlimited is anti-phishing, anti-malware, anti-spyware, and anti-adware software. This top-notch security app will encrypt all your web traffic, and hide your real IP address. If you decide to log into a service through a realistic-looking, but malicious, website that tries to steal your personal information, it will protect you from any scam actions of third parties. It means that nobody will be able to steal your username, password, and other sensitive information.
The scam is not gone! Keep your trusted shield always on. Enable VPN Unlimited, and enjoy your secure web surfing.
I have an email from Apple saying they want to upgrade my account because they have made many upgrades and need further information to enable them to lift my limitations. I feel this may be a scam. Is it?
It looks like a scam indeed. Have you followed the scam detecting steps described in the article? You can also contact Apple Support to definitely close this issue.


text:
Paris Fashion Week failed to meet Covid-19's creative challenge —
There's an old debate about whether fashion is art or design. Both can be preoccupied with beauty, but design also has to function to be successful. A painting may serve no earthly purpose other than to reflect, provoke, or inspire. A chair can look magnificent, but if you can't sit on it, it isn't a very good chair.
Clothing gets caught in the middle. Blue jeans originated as durable workwear for miners, but a good deal of runway fashion performs only the bare-minimum job of keeping the wearer from being nude—and occasionally not even that. For some designers, the lack of practical demands has allowed them to dream and approach pure art. Sometimes, however, fashion is most relevant when it doesn't forget it's there to be worn in real life. Now feels like such a time.
Covid-19 has altered life for many, practically demanding designers use their full creativity for clothes that accommodate their customers' changed lifestyles. So far the industry hasn't offered much of a response.
Last week marked the first Paris Fashion Week of women's collections designed during the pandemic, and the general impression was lackluster. "People kvetch in group chats and Twitter threads that digital shows are not as good as the real thing—and that the real thing is not as good as it used to be," Vogue noted in its spring trend report. It appeared that rather than try to propose a way forward for fashion, designers may have added a bit of stretch or volume to make clothes more comfortable, maybe thrown in a fancy sweatshirt, and otherwise carried on with business as usual.
One prevailing theme was big, sculpted shoulders. Chanel, designed by Virginie Viard since Karl Lagerfeld died last year, presented a number of broad-shouldered jackets—"mall Mom 1980s bouclé bombers," as the New York Times fashion critic put it. The debut outing at Givenchy by newly appointed creative chief Matthew Williams included what looked like dramatically geometric capelets. At Balmain, Olivier Rousteing offered an array of climbing pagoda shoulders. Rick Owens put out tops that looked built on the reworked shoulders of athletic equipment.
In a case like Owens's, the collection could be striking—simultaneously sinister and alluring. Yet across the seasons's shows, it was often hard to see how the clothes might feel suited for wear within the next year. Shoppers are staying home, cutting travel, and have few, if any, occasions for dressing up. Maybe the clothes will look great hanging in store windows or in the occasional Instagram image. It left fashion feeling irrelevant for life beyond a Zoom call.
To be fair, the pandemic has taken a psychological toll that can understandably sap creative energy, and there could be a variety of reasons for the response. Designers may have begun sketching out their ideas at the start of the outbreak in Europe, before it was clear what life would be like several months on. They may have hoped that by the time clothes hit the market months from now Covid-19 will be mostly in the past, though experts believe that's unlikely.
Many also use runway shows to make creative statements, not necessarily to showcase their wearable clothes, as Owens acknowledged. Perhaps store buyers will still find those in the virtual showrooms where they're making their purchasing decisions. At big luxury companies in particular, the clothes can be tantamount to a marketing exercise deployed to define the brand image and juice sales of high-margin items such as bags and fragrances.
And then one of fashion's great attributes is that it can provide an escape into fantasy. Christian Dior made his name in 1947 with an opulent, ultra-feminized silhouette that provided a new outlook after the hard years and rationing of World War II.
The question is whether now is the time for fantasy. That isn't fashion's only job, and practical considerations don't have to equal creative constraints. One of Coco Chanel's innovations was using jersey, a fabric more commonly found in men's underwear at the time, to make her sporty and functional looks.
Reuters/Benoit Tessier
Chiuri's softer Dior.
A handful of designers did clearly rethink their work and how it could serve customers in the present situation. Maria Grazia Chiuri, the current head women's designer at Dior, took Dior's highly structured clothes and softened everything. "We had to approach this collection with an idea more of design," she told Vogue. "We are living in a different way and staying more at home within our intimacy. Our clothes have to reflect this new style of life."
Not all shoppers may love the result, but they should love that she thought about how to design for their needs.
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text:
Collage Records
Amplifying community through music
The Independent Venue Alliance
collagerecordssf@gmail.com
Fundraiser for the San Francisco Independent Venue Alliance
Musicians- Use your music to help save local venues!
TLDR: Email your song to collagerecordssf@gmail.com before 5/23/21
We are inviting all local musicians (or musicians with ties to the Bay Area) to submit a track for consideration on the upcoming Independent Venue Alliance Relief Fund Compilation, hosted by Collage Records.
Collage Records is putting together a compilation of tracks made by Bay Area musicians. The compilation will be sold on Bandcamp as a digital album, with 100% of sales going to the Independent Venue Alliance Relief Fund, a non-profit fund 501c-3 supporting independent San Francisco music venues. You will not be giving up any rights to your music, just giving us permission to post the track for sale on our Bandcamp site, where 100% of proceeds go directly to the charity. The campaign will run through July and then your tracks will be removed from the page. For more information about the IVARF, visit:
https://independentvenuealliance.com/
Collage is also setting up a fundraising page on IVARF's donation platform. The digital compilation will serve as an awareness event to rally the community to donate to help save our local stages. For donors who do not wish to contribute through Bandcamp, the fundraising page will offer a tax-deductible way to show support with the ability for employers to match.
To submit a track for consideration, send a .wav, .aif, or .flac audio file to:
(note Bandcamp only allows uploads of these file types)
We welcome and encourage all musicians to submit a track for consideration, regardless of genre. Please help us spread the word to the local music community and encourage your friends to also participate! Together we can help rally the community to save our local music scene!
Please reach out with any questions.
©2021 by Collage Records. Proudly created with Wix.com


text:
layout: post
title: Picking cherries with a fork
tags:
- git
- cli
---

As you might have noticed I work in `vim` a lot. With neovim gaining traction, the work behind vim has also sped up again. This is great for the community as new feature and improvements are made. Just sometimes though it means that it will break your setup.

When I recently updated my `vim` installation, one of my favourite plugins, [tpope](https://tpo.pe/)'s [vim-vinegar](https://github.com/tpope/vim-vinegar) (a spruced up version of netrw, a directory browser for vim), has stopped working. Whenever I tried to go up a directory, it threw me an error. Sure enough somebody already posted the issue and tpope had a fix ready to go.

The problem was quickly identified and actually fixed in the main project, but I actually don't use the original `vim-vinegar` but a fork, which introduces a tiny change, which I actually agree wit (namely hbeing able to quit netrw by pressing `q`).

But now the fork was not being updated and was broken with current vim.  So what do you do? you create your own fork, and pick whatever changes you need from the other project! You pick and choose! It's like a commit buffet!

Life on the command line and working with Github is a bit easier with [hub](https://hub.github.com/), so I trust that you have that installed (eg. via `brew install hub` or your package manager of choice)

TL;DR GMCLI (too long don't read give me command line)

```shell
# 1. Clone original project
hub clone tpope/vim-vinegar
cd vim-vinegar
# 2. Fork it
hub fork
git remote rename origin upstream
git remote rename oschrenk origin
git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/master
# 3. Cherry pick the commit you want
hub cherry-pick https://github.com/glittershark/vim-vinegar/commit/f5f532
# 4. Push to your fork
git push origin master
# 5. Be happy
```

So what happens here?

Clone the main repository with the fixed behaviour. Here `hub ...` is just a shorter way of typing

```shell
git clone git://github.com/tpope/vim-vinegar.git
```

Fork the repository. `hub` does a bit of work here and actually creates the fork on Github for you and adds it as a remote. We then go one step further and change the origin to my fork and rename the original origin to upstream.

```shell
cd vim-vinegar
(forking repo on GitHub...)
git remote add oschrenk git://github.com/oschrenk/vim-vinegar.git
git remote rename origin upstream
git remote rename oschrenk origin
git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/master
```

Here you still have to put some manual work in and actually browse the commit history of the forks or look at he pull requests to decide which commits you need. But then `hub cherry-pick` just fetches the repo of the fork and cherry-picks that commit on top of your current branch.

```shell
hub cherry-pick https://github.com/glittershark/vim-vinegar/commit/f5f532
git remote add glittershark git://github.com/glittershark/vim-vinegar.git
git fetch glittershark
git cherry-pick f5f532
```

And now where are already done. Just push that new commit to make it part of Github. Congratulations you now have your own fork.

```shell
git push origin master
```

Don't forget to be happy!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Coastal Georgia Connection underway with the Detroit Lions
Four former high school football players from Brunswick, Kingsland on same NFL roster
Updated: 12:14 AM EDT Mar 12, 2019
Frank Sulkowski
SOURCE: Detroit Lions
A pipeline to the Detroit Lions is underway in coastal Georgia.The team already has a couple former Brunswick High School standouts and one from Camden County.The coastal contingent with the Lions growing Monday as news spread that free agent cornerback Justin Coleman was on his way to Detroit.Coleman, who turns 26 later this month, is widely regarded as one of the best nickel backs in the NFL.He spent the past two seasons in Seattle. He recorded 55 tackles, a sack, a forced fumble and an interception for the Seahawks last season.Coleman joins fellow Brunswick High Pirate alums Darius Slay and Tracy Walker with the Lions.Former Camden County High School standout Jarrad Davis is also a member of the Lions.
A pipeline to the Detroit Lions is underway in coastal Georgia.
The team already has a couple former Brunswick High School standouts and one from Camden County.
The coastal contingent with the Lions growing Monday as news spread that free agent cornerback Justin Coleman was on his way to Detroit.
Coleman, who turns 26 later this month, is widely regarded as one of the best nickel backs in the NFL.
He spent the past two seasons in Seattle. He recorded 55 tackles, a sack, a forced fumble and an interception for the Seahawks last season.
Coleman joins fellow Brunswick High Pirate alums Darius Slay and Tracy Walker with the Lions.
Former Camden County High School standout Jarrad Davis is also a member of the Lions.


text:
Beat Report
#CRCcampus: Want to share your photos and tweets with us? Use the hashtag #CRCcampus
Women's Swimming
The Cheap Seats
Off-Campus Sports
Hawk Talk
Travelling on a budget: a breakdown of do's and dont's
Jayson Price, Staff Writer
There is a bit of a misconception about just how much it costs to travel. If you're willing to do your research and step outside your comfort zone, however, you can travel on almost any budget. I recently traveled to Thailand and Malaysia with $350 and a prayer and managed to make it out alive. To set you up for success, let's break down ...
Debunking credit card fear: credit cards are necessary for college students
Taylor Gomez, Staff Writer
Credit cards have been shunned with a negative stigma and fear by college students. With student loans hanging over their head, most college students completely reject the idea of opening up credit cards in fear of adding to their already-existing debt. Contrary to popular belief, credit cards are absolutely necessary for...
Thinking outside the pot
Everyone knows an average priced cup of coffee can be found at Starbucks or Java City, but where else can students go to satisfy their caffeine cravings? We searched and found five places in downtown Sacramento that offer delicious coffees for an average price while also offering a different vibe than that of the big name coffee shop chains.
Student Senate spending sparks more questions than answers
Brittany Harden, Staff Writer
When students at Cosumnes River College, and various other colleges across the state, pay their tuition every semester, $1 is placed into a special fund accessible by the Associated Students of Cosumnes River College in order to pay for events and scholarships throughout the year. Student Senate President Katelynn Rodriguez...
Two-year schools provide alternative to high student debt
At four-year colleges across California, in 2012, 52 percent of students had an average of $20,269 in...
Board of Governors adopts new policy to amend fee waiver requirements
Scott Redmond, Staff Writer
Since the inception of the Student Success Task Force in January 2011, the California Community Colleges Board of Governors has been focusing on ways to overhaul community colleges. Their newest policy will require California community college students that receive fee waivers, such as the Board of Governors fee waiver, to...
Degrees for transfer expand with newly passed bill
The passage of Senate Bill 1440 in September 2010 sought to streamline the long process of transferring from community college to four-year universities, a process that is set to be further refined by another bill being signed by the governor to strengthen the existing bill. Senate Bill 440, proposed by Alex Padilla (D-Pacoima) w...
Editorial: New degrees can benefit community college
Each year students graduating from universities are faced with massive amounts of debt. A good majority of their bills are government loans and financial support from family or private loans. Attaining a degree has become one of the most expensive feats in someone's lifetime. Tuition at California universities alone has skyrocket...
Put down the burger and pick up a pan: How-to eat on a budget
With tight budgets and hectic schedules, many students substitute fast food or what happens to be served...
One year later: What Proposition 30 is funding
Zach Hannigan and Stephan Starnes
With the passage of Proposition 30 in the 2012 November elections, California saw an increase in sales tax of a quarter of a cent and an increase in income tax on those earning more than $250,000 annually for the next seven years Some of that extra funding from the added tax was slated to go to California community colleges to "p...
A brand new four-year journey?
Community colleges have long been the first step for many students into a world of higher education as they complete the first two years of higher education before moving onto the four-year universities, but what if a student never had to leave their community college to earn a higher degree? California Community Colleges Chancellor...
The GOP held the United States hostage
Josh Slowiczek, Staff Writer
Citizens of the United States have been held hostage over the last two weeks. Every man, woman and...
Spending four years, or more, to pursue a degree while racking up debt is nothing surprising when it...
Editorial: Outsourcing education is not the cure for waitlisted class woes
Editorial Staff, [email protected]
A bill recently introduced to the California Senate may make it easier for college students to receive general education credits for online classes, but it also threatens the quality of education for GE requirements. If passed, California Senate Bill 520, introduced by State Senator Darrell Steinberg in February, will force the h...
Proposed bill could increase fees for certain classes
Stephan Starnes, [email protected]
Last year, Santa Monica College tried to implement a two-tiered system of class offerings to students,...
Do Lesbians fulfill society's fantasies?
Courtney Rich, [email protected]
Homosexuality is rooted in a history of fighting for equality, from the riots of Stonewall to the current dispute for the right to marry. Lesbian women and gay men are fighting for the same rights, and want to be treated with equality from others. But is one sexuality more accepted than the other? Is it easier for lesbians...
Outsourcing meets public education in possible senate bill
Scott Redmond, [email protected]
California Community College students are no strangers to new propositions and bills aimed at budgetary issues faced by the public schools and state overall, but a recently proposed senate bill might not be what most expect. Senate Bill 520, authored by Darrell Steinberg (D-Sacramento), is a measure to increase access to Califor...
Editorial: Proposed assembly bill calls for increased fees in misguided attempt to restore courses
A bill has been proposed in the California Assembly that would raise the costs of classes for community college general education courses, including English, math and history. AB 955, written by Assemblyman Das Williams (D-Santa Barbara), proposes the creation of an extension program that would allow these general courses...
NBA player Jason Collins comes out of the closet
Fans and players alike have been wondering what would happen if a player in professional sports were to come out of the closet, and now the question will be answered. Washington Wizards' center Jason Collins now has the distinction of being the first active player in pro sports to come out as gay, when he made the announc...
New senate bill proposes partial restoration of funding to DSPS and EOPS
Students, staff, faculty and advocates from across the state gathered together at the California State...
College scorecard takes education a step in the wrong direction
Once again, the Student Success Task Force is doing what it does best: attempting to improve community...


Filtering, curation, aggregation and relevance have long been touted as the next important steps for social media. In actual fact we've had curation services in the form of Digg, Reddit, StumbleUpon, Delicious and many more for a long time. However, the questions "How do I find the blog post, tweet, facebook update, photo or check-in that is most relevant to me?" and "How do I know I've not missed a really important piece of news?" are still asked daily. So, there still isn't a definite answer - or a definitive service. Cadmus started off as a "real-time filtering service" for a product called ViewPoint, but has grown into a self-standing application and the Cadmus API can help users and developers answer these questions.
The Cadmus application attempts to answer a problem as outlined in a blog entry introducing Cadmus.
The problem we are trying to solve here is that we don't have all day to stay on top of these social media services. Most people check into these services ever so frequently. And every time they do, they have to scroll through pages of posts to find out what's going on. From the statistics that we have collected so far, we have found that nearly 20% of all the posts in a user's stream are similar. This means that every time you login, you have to scroll through pages of posts with low signal to noise ratios.
The app lets you add services such as Twitter, any RSS feed and FriendFeed, but the API currently focuses purely on Twitter as a source of information including methods to curate posts, trends, comments, links, searches, lists and find related tweets. These API methods all return information from a Twitter user stream identified by a Cadmus API key, or via Twitter authentication, if you want to build an application that can use the API for any user.
There are a number of services developed to help you find the most relevant social media posts. They can work in different ways; some define relevance and quality through user voting systems such as Digg, Hacker News and Reddit. Others apply algorithms such as StumbleUpon (combined with user voting) and Pearl Trees (and user organizing stories) and frequently services use a number of methods to try and give their users the most personalized and relevant information. Some undoubtedly work better for some users than others, and there are a number of factors that influence why what works for one user is a turn off for another. But by exposing an API to your service you have the possibility of other products and services being developed on top of yours, and this can increase the chances of your service being successful, even if it's indirectly and the application you develop on top of your API isn't successful in its own right. Cadmus appears to be following this model and time will tell what works for them.
The Cadmus app is an example of a service aiming to ensure that you are less likely to miss tweets that really matter to you. By offering an API they increase their chances of being successful, but ultimately it will depend on how reliable, and clever, the underlying algorithm is. The best way to improve the algorithm is by getting users and feedback, so the API is definitely a good way of doing this.
Phil Leggetter Developer Advocate, Real-Time Web Software & Technology Evangelist, speaker, author and blogger.
Interesting blog post that highlights the algorythm and human ways to solve your two problems "How do I find the web contents relevants to me?" and "How do I know I have missed a piece of news?". And thanks to have quoted Pearltrees (I am one of the co-founders).


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Historically our visit to The Skimmington Castle (4) just off the A25 on the Heath west of Reigate is one of the two best attended evening meetings of the year. The following text is based on the SVVS Magazine report by Chris Cuss, photos by Tony Oakes and Simon Mohacek (hence text and photos may not match!). Photos were taken with very little light so have been artificially lightened to be viewable. Please click on any thumbnail picture below to see the full size picture and please note that the photo may take some 15 seconds to load. To return to the thumbnails please click the Explorer "Back" arrow (top left of the screen). Pictures have been prepared for speed of loading on the web so the definition is lower than a print, and sized to be viewed on an 800 x 600 setup.
By my reckoning our previous best total at the Skimmington Castle was the 39 cars that I recorded in 1999. Last year the weather was against us but some 36 vehicles attended. This year the weather could not have been better which certainly brought out an abundance of proper motors. Our jovial landlord at the Skimmy forsook the bar to act as car park attendant for the evening and he counted no less than 57 vehicles into the reserved section. My own list records a few less at 51 as I did not make note of some of the more modern sports cars unless I knew them to belong to our members.
The only way to start with so many cars is to run down my list alphabetically. Four Alvises attended. Chris Geary brought his 1953 TA21, Nigel Walder came in his 1928 12/50 Sports, Tim Harding's 1929 12/50 looked immaculate and Albert Sparrowhawk exercised his 1937 4.3 Special with sports racing body by Albert himself. Desmond Peacock has done a body off restoration on his 1927 Grand Sport Amilcar and it looked superb. Parked next to it for a short time was an equally superb Amilcar Italiana owned for many years by the VSCC Bulletin's recently appointed cruciverbalist Danny Bogroam (anag.) 5.7.
Two Armstrong Siddeleys attended, the 1933 15 h.p. saloon owned by Mike Fay and the 1959 Star Sapphire belonging to David Lilley which we first saw last autumn after its lengthy restoration. Austins were in short supply. I only spotted the 7 Special of Alan Rees. John Sheldrake had only just returned from holiday so came in a modern. Another without a car was Alan Benewith who has been under the weather recently; get well soon Alan, it's not the same without one of your Jowetts present. Both Bentleys were post-war. Alan Milbank came with his 1956 S1 Continental and Mike Gorman with his 1950 Mk6 saloon.
Tony Tester as ever was in his 1926 Chrysler Imperial and Alan Pratt brought his 1935 Crossley Regis. Alan is the member who lives closest to me and yet I never see the car around Cheam. John Mortimer has changed his Model A Ford for a late Model T and has had an interesting winter learning to master the controls. He was one of three members to bring a well-behaved motoring dog. The other Model T belonged to David Smart who has long ceased to be fazed by Henry's quirky design. Final Ford was the 1937 7W drophead which came without its accompanying flat hat Mr. Russell bravely baring his barnet.
More cars from Coventry in the shape of three Humbers varying in size from the 1924 8 h.p. of John Kirkby via the 1929 16/50 of Gordon Tapping to the 1930 25/70 Snipe of Tony Oakes. Mike Erroll and Clive Bracey both brought XK120 Jaguars; Mike was also accompanied by his motoring spaniel. Only one of our two Lancias attended, the Appia saloon owned by Will How. Harry Scott who normally arrives in his Lambda being otherwise engaged navigating his wife's Alfa on a 3000-mile jaunt across Europe following the Danube.
Now comes the bit where I always go wrong. We have reached M.G. Colin Mulford's 1954 TF looked immaculate in the evening sunshine. There was a 1946 TC so the floods must have finally receded and Ron Smith brought his 1951 Y saloon. Phil Sowry was passenger in a small sports coupe with glass panels in its sunroof. A more knowledgeable member told me he thought it was a 1931 Magnette. In addition there were several MGB's belonging to visitors. The third motoring dog was guarding the 1925 Bullnosed Morris Oxford belonging to Colin Dawson. Malcolm Bailey came in his 1934 Minor tourer and Frank Hayter in his 1934 Oxford saloon.
Even I can identify the bright yellow 1925 Cowley traveller's van belonging to Roger Bishop. Another easy one to identify is the Renault charabanc owned by Michael Doughty. The Riley brigade were all looking in good shape after their jaunt to Cornwall. Vernon Nowell was in his 1936 Kestrel, John Manvers in his 1934 Falcon and Robin Vince in his 1932 Gamecock. Bryan Shepherd came with Robin as he is having the wheels of his Lynx resprayed. Two-post war Rileys attended. I missed the owner of the RM saloon but managed to speak to Vivian and Jette Landon who came in a very rare RMC drophead coupe.
Mr. Bozi Mohacek brought the Rolls and wore his Edenbridge & Oxted yellow sweatshirt that matched Roger Bishop's van. Younger Mohacek was whizzing around with a camera. Trevor Mason came in his 1947 14 h.p. Rover and Graham Martin arrived in his 1931 Standard Big Nine. As dusk was falling a well-known Singer appeared and so had to squeeze in with the moderns in the other car park. Simon and Jackie Pearce's Stoneleigh has become a year older and is now listed as 1923.
As you may have read elsewhere the Tin Tourer broke a crank recently. Luckily Brian Lloyd Jacob had a spare engine and the bank holiday weekend was spent affecting a transplant. The job was finally finished on the night before out meeting, the journey to Reigate being something of a trial run. Thankfully all seemed in order. Now I have to try to get my fingernails clean again. Several cars were in pristine condition having most obviously been subject to a great deal of fettling during the winter. The standard of our kind of cars seems to be getting better each year. One of the advantages of our ageing membership is having both more time and/or money to spend on hobbies. Many of us started with pre-war cars simply as a cheap means of transport and ran them every day. I do not believe this to be true of any but the most dedicated enthusiast anymore.


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Q: fill missing elements in each row in a R data.frame i have a csv file imported as data.frame, the problem is that each row must have 4 elements (4 columns), and some of them could have different number of elements, i mean something like:
ID  col1 col2 col3 col4
id1  dA  dB    dC   dD
id2  aA  aB    aC   aD
id3  mA  mB    mC
id4  xA  xB    xC   XD

I'm using tidyr, and when I import the data it fill each missing element with NA, in this case the id3 at the col4.
id3  mA  mB    mC NA

I want to fix all the row that have less than 4 elements in each row (like id3), just to add in the missing element a unclassified (UNC) something like:
ID  col1 col2 col3 col4
id1  dA  dB    dC   dD
id2  aA  aB    aC   aD
id3  mA  mB    mC  UNC
id4  xA  xB    xC   XD

Well this is my code:
df <- read.csv("file.csv", comment.char = "#", header = TRUE, sep = "\t")

#add the id as row name:
rownames(df) <- paste("id", 1:nrow(df), sep = "")

# eliminate some elements of the data frame
df[, 2:ncol(df)] <- NULL

# add a name of each column and split elements based in ";" character
#at this point the "df" has a single column named "old_name":

df <- df %>% tidyr::separate(old_name, c("col1", "col2", "col3", "col4"), sep = ";", extra="drop")

any suggestion !!!
thanks so much

A: We can use
library(dplyr)
df1 %>%
    mutate_if(is.character, ~ replace(., is.na(.), "UNC"))

Or in base R
i1 <- sapply(df1, is.character)
df1[i1][is.na(df1[i1])] <- "UNC"

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