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22 °F / -6 °C
Bill Jones, Managing Editor
3:20 pm CDT March 30, 2020
"The People behind the Papers" is a Q&A series featuring the employees of 22nd Century Media who play an integral role in producing 15 community newspapers. The project is designed to give readers an inside look at the personalities that drive the journalism you have read weekly in print and daily on our websites. To support the work we do, please consider subscribing at SubscribePrairie.com or through any of our other 14 newspapers.
What do you do at 22nd Century Media?
I am the editor of The New Lenox Patriot. I plan most of the content for our News/Life & Arts sections, whether it is myself writing the story or a freelancer I assigned, or submitted content from local organizations.
What does your job at 22nd Century Media mean to you?
It means everything to me. I am born and raised in New Lenox. I've been in the paper as a high school athlete and student. So, to become the editor of that paper and work in my hometown, I can't put into words.
What is the most memorable story you've written during your time here?
This is tough. I have written many stories I'm proud of, but I think the one I enjoyed the most was about the man in the yellow chair. A retired train mechanic who has a yellow chair next to the tracks that receives a wild amount of attention on social media. I was able to tell the town the story and that meant a lot to me.
What have you learned about the community you cover that you otherwise might not have known?
Having grown up here, I knew the gist of a lot of things. But having that "in" has allowed me to meet so many interesting people and put me in situations I wouldn't have walked into on any other day.
What do you like to do for fun when you're not working?
Oh, man. If I'm not working. I'm probably just sitting in my bed playing guitar, waiting to get back to work. It can be a 'round the clock job, but I love it —most of the time.
What's one thing even your co-workers probably don't know about you?
Not a whole lot to know, but if there's something that makes me me, I've seen 24 Dave Matthews Band concerts since 2012.
What is your perfect work lunch situation?
I go to Joey's all the time. Quick, easy, close to the office and great food.
How are you riding out this COVID-19 pandemic?
Back up to what I do when I'm not working. Lots more guitar and learning more songs. Dave Matthews, of course.
Anything else you want people to know?
Always support local journalism, wherever you are. They're the ones who care the most about that little town you live in. Not a knock to the big papers, but they're not coming to that community-filled park district, library, annual hometown event. But your hometown paper will be — just as The Patriot is.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Foreign imports from Ethiopia to Port of Portland in 2015 were $88,388, while exports to Ethiopia were $0.
The value of container cargo imported into Port of Portland from Ethiopia represented 100.0% of all vessel imports, $88,388 versus $88,388.
By weight, container cargo imports to Port of Portland from Ethiopia represented 399.2% of all vessel shippments, 77,290 (kg) versus 19,360 (kg).


NEWPORT, N.C. (WNCT) - A mother may face charges after investigators say she shot her son after he threw a trash can at her inside a home in Carteret County on Sunday.
At 9:45 p.m. Sunday, Carteret County Sheriff's deputies responded to a reported shooting at 353 Country Club Lane, off Hwy 101 outside of Newport.
Deputies say 64-year-old Patrice Rippy, who lives at the home with other family members, had an argument earlier that day with her son, 36-year-old Brian Rippy. Brian left the home and returned that night in a rage, Patrice told deputies.
Brian allegedly threw a trash can at Patrice and then charged at her.
That's when Patrice told deputies she fired six rounds at Brian as he ran toward her because she feared Brian would hurt her and her family.
Deputies say Brian was shot once in the head and once in the torso, and was flown by air ambulance to Vidant Medical Center in Greenville, where he is listed in serious condition.
Detectives say they have questioned Patrice and other witnesses, and will determine her charges at the end of their investigation.


is a welcome, albeit small step towards the reconciliation between Palestinians and Israelis that will underpin harmony in the inevitable one democratic state underwriting equality for all its citizens.
1.Own the daily crimes against humanity and war crimes perpetrated by your government and its military and not plead ignorance, "I couldn't imagine the vitriol that colored their view of them [Israeli soldiers]." Ignorance is apologetics. Pleading ignorance while teaching Torah and Politics in Modi'in, the largest illegal settlement on land stolen from the Other, from five Palestinian villages: Ni'lin, Kharbata, Saffa, Bil'in and Dir Qadis, generates many steps backward.
2. Your false premise, "Palestinians aspire for dignity more than liberty." normalises the illegalities of your violent occupation, your theft of Palestinian land, your apartheid policies, your human rights abuses. The truth is, Palestinians aspire to their rightful dignity and liberty guaranteed under international law.
3. End labelling and alluding to Palestinians as "Terrorist or not-yet-terrorist." Own the state terrorism of your government.
4. End your moral smugness; "The Palestinians were being put in mortal danger just by attending. What did that say about their community's desire for peace and the chances of us achieving it?" Consider Palestinian fear of being viewed as a collaborator and their understandable mistrust (see No.6) of Israelis. And in this instance consider would a settler child from a radicalised settlement such as in Hebron be willing to have his face exposed in reconciliation photos taken by an Iman.
5. You have taken Palestinian students to Yad Vashem, now take your students on a Zochrot tour of the 670 Palestinian villages that were destroyed by Jewish forces in 1947-8 and in which Palestinian villagers were slaughtered and from which 700,000 Palestinians were expelled and denied right of return. And take them to Ground Zero i.e. Gaza.
Yes, respectful, empathic, HONEST grassroots connections (more powerful than the military lawnmower) with the Other face to face, heart to heart, step by step will organically define the path to peace.
I find it amazing that dyed in the wool Zionists can accuse Palestinians or terrorism It is a well-known fact that the state of Israel lies on Palestinian soil and was take from the Palestinians by terrorist means by the Zionist Stern, Haganah and Irrgung gangs.
And even after the Palestinians have recognised the 2 state approach, the Israeli military still commits violence against Palestinian citizens and the Israeli Government allows Israelis to illegally settle on land that has been recognised by the UN as belonging to Palestine.
People around the world who have studied the history know who is responsible for terrorism in the Middle East and it is Israel.


The Portrush-born Northern Irishman earned Great Britain 50 points with his victory in the US Golf Open at Pebble Beach (California).
He deservedly wins GSN's Athlete of the Month award for the biggest single points contribution to his country's score in June, which keeps Great Britain steadily progressing up the Global Cup ranking.
Now in 11th place, GB stands three places behind their position at the same time last year, when excellent results in the Rugby Sevens World Cup made a crucial difference to their result.
Still, with so much sport still on this year, the chase is on for a place in the top ten and better.


How to Build Diy 3D Printer Prusa I3?
After looking at various designs we decided on a Prusa i3. We hope to document the build from start to finish, initial calibration and our first prints.
For this we have obviously used information gathered from all over the Internet and that was a part of the learning process. A great place to start is the RepRap wiki, particularly the section on the Prusa i3.
The Prusa i3 is a part of the RepRap 3D printer family. It is a design from Josef Prusa, and the i3 stands for iteration 3.
It uses either a "single frame" or "boxed frame" and there are many derivatives from the original design. His original single frame uses a water jet cut aluminum frame but for our build we used a derivative - a laser cut plywood frame with braces designed by sgraber. It was cheaper to make and we were able to use the laser cutter at our local hackspace. The rest of the parts were sourced from vendors on AliExpress, eBay and local businesses.
To build this printer you should be comfortable with "making stuff", Arduino's, know how to use a multimeter, solder and also know a little about electronics.
Frame - laser cut 6mm Baltic birch plywood. We bought a 5'x5' sheet from Windsor Plywood - a Western Canadian and North Western US supplier of wood products. I used the "frame-6mm-colored-lines.dxf" design as a basis but narrowed the slots a little to make the 6mm ply fit tighter. You will need 6x 6-32 x 1" bolts and 6x 6-32 nuts to match. You could use 3mm or 4mm x 25mm bolts but we found the 6-32 a better fit.
Threaded Rod, Nuts and Washers - you will need approx 1 meter of M8 threaded rod and 1 meter of M10 threaded rod. Also 26 M8 nuts, 26 M8 washers, 12 M10 nuts, 12 M10 washers. These are for the frame Y-axis. We used zinc plated threaded rod from Fastenal - but you can find it at some hardware stores, AliExpress and eBay. You will also need 2 lengths of M5 threaded rod and 2 M5 nuts for the Z-axis. The minimum length we could buy was 1 meter. We first bought zinc plated 5mm threaded rod for the Z-axis but it wasn't very straight. The supplier told me this was typical of the cheaper zinc plated threaded rod so I looked for stainless threaded rod which was a lot better quality and very straight.
Smooth Rod - The design we used needs M8 smooth rod for the X, Y and Z axis, 2x 370mm, 2x 360mm and 2x 320mm. Quality straight rod is essential for good prints. We sourced them from BST Automation via AliExpress. You will also find sellers on eBay and local hardware stores. My mentor Rob tells me not to cheap out on the smooth rod.
LM8UU Bearings - These are the linear bearings for the bed movement on the Y-axis and the extruder/hot-end movement on the X-axis and the Z-axis. You will need 10 of these. Available from many eBay vendors.
Pulleys, Belts & Idler Bearings - The X and Y-axis travel each use a 20 tooth GT2 pulleys and approx 1 meter of toothed belt. We sourced ours from a local eBay vendor ibi-battery, but you will find them available from a lot of vendors. Also needed are idler bearings. Most i3 designs use either 608zz or 623 bearings. The 623 bearings are tiny and use printed guides which fit over them. You will see what I mean in later pictures.
Stepper Motors - You will need 5 NEMA 17 stepper motors. The NEMA 17 is a stepper motor with a 1.7" x1.7" faceplate. The RepRap wiki has quite a bit of info on them. My mentor Rob suggested this vendor on AliExpress - We had to buy 10 to get the pricing (but you have 5 to sell or use in your next 3D printer project). They are 1.2A which will keep the RAMPS drivers cooler, have approx 47N-m holding, are 1.8° stepping, 5mm shaft. If you are unsure then buy from a 3D printer vendor or check the RepRap wiki.
RAMPS 1.4 Kit - This consists of an Arduino Mega, a RAMPS 1.4 shield and 4 or 5 "drivers" The "drivers" control the NEMA 17 motors as their current requirements are greater than what an Arduino could handle. We sourced ours from SainSmart, but found a cheaper alternative on AliExpress Naturally you can find them on eBay too.
MK2A Heat Bed - As per the RepRap.org wiki article you want to be sure to get a good heated bed. We sourced ours from Botech Eng. There are a lot of other vendors listed on the wiki page. Make sure you get a 214mmx214mm size. You will also need a 3mm thick sheet of glass 8"x8" and blue painters tape or wide kapton tape.
Hot End - The hot end is another place not to cheap out. This blog article explains the difference between the original designs and clones. This RepRap.org wiki article has more info on hot ends. We went with this one from Makerfarm including the install kit.
Power Supply - You can use a PC ATX power supply, but we opted for a slim 12V power supply as it's smaller and I think it looks neater as it only has the necessary wires. Something in the 200W to 350W range should work. Check ebay. Also needed were a 115V plug with wires and some spade terminals.
Nuts, Bolts & Washers - You will need different length M3 bolts with washers and regular and nylock nuts. We bought M3 in 10mm, 14mm, 18mm, 25mm lengths. A bag of washers, a bag of regular nuts and a bag of nylocks.
Also M4 bolts/nuts to bolt the hot-end to the extruder mount.
Assemble the frame but placing the nuts into the T slots and bolt from the front of the frame.
It is built from 4 printed plastic corner pieces, M10 threaded rod/nuts/washers, M8 threaded rod/nuts/washers.
It holds the Y-motor and Y-belt idler, M8 smooth rod & LM8UU linear bearings for the heated bed to move on.
Cut 2x 380mm lengths of the M10 threaded rod. Slide on 2 washers, then 2 10mm nuts from each end, then a washer from each end, then a y-corner piece and finish with a washer then a nut. The inner nuts and washers are later used to attach the chassis to the plywood frame. The M10 threaded rod will go front to back.
Next cut 3x 205mm lengths of the M8 threaded rod and 1x 305mm length of the M8 threaded rod. The longer M8 threaded rod is for the rear of the frame where the slots are cut.
The top front threaded rod holds the y-belt idler pulley.
From left to right it goes nut, washer, y-corner, washer, nut, nut, washer, idler, washer, nut, nut, washer, y-corner, washer, nut. The bottom goes nut, washer, y-corner, washer, nut, nut, washer, y-corner, washer, nut.
The back threaded rods hold the y-axis motor.
The back top from left to right goes nut, washer, plywood frame, washer, nut, nut, washer, y-corner, washer, nut, nut, washer, y-motor mount, washer, nut, nut, washer, y-corner, washer, nut, nut, washer, plywood frame, washer, nut.
The back bottom from left to right goes nut, washer, y-corner, washer, nut, nut, washer y-motor mount, washer, nut, nut, washer, y-corner, washer, nut.
Assemble it as per the pictures and bolt it into the frame for a test fit. From the front face of the frame to the end of the front M10 nut should be 215mm.
Cut 2x 360mm M8 smooth rod for the y-carriage. They fit into notches on the top of the y-corners. You will need to undo the M10 nuts to enable the rod to slide into the groves. Before you place them onto the Y-corners slide 1 LM8UU bearing onto the left rod (when looking from the front) and slide 2 LM8UU bearings onto the right side rod. The smooth rods should be 170mm apart measured on the center-line of the rods when placed into the notches.
Attach one of the motors to the rear bracket using M3x10mm cap screws. Attach a GT2 pulley to the motor shaft. The idler in the front uses a 623 bearing which has 2 pieces of plastic on each side of it to make a larger pulley.
Note: some designs use a larger 608zz bearing which doesn't need the plastic pieces. Assemble the idler as per the picture. Attach the Y-belt holder to the build plate with M3x14mm cap screws using washers and nylock nuts. Using zip-ties attach the build plate onto the LM8UU bearings as per the pictures. The last step is to attach the belt. We found it easier by removing the Y-frame from the plywood chassis and flipping it upside down. Start at the Y-belt holder go around the motor, then idler and back to the Y-belt holder. Leave the belt longer than needed at the Y-belt holder and loop it back over itself and zip-tie as per the pictures. Use something like a credit card to press the belt into the notches on the belt holder.
Tip: If you slacken off the front M8 nuts a little before you install the belt, you can tension the belt later by tightening the nuts back out.
The X-axis hold the extruder and moves left to right when facing the printer. It holds the LM8UU linear bearings that fit onto the Z-axis smooth rod. It also holds the X-axis motor and idler pulley.
Find your X-End-Motor mount and the X-End-Idler. Press 2x LM8UU bearing into each. You may need to cut small tags from the top and bottom of the printed parts and the bearing should press in without too much force.
You also need to press 2x 5mm nuts that will be used by the Z-Axis threaded rod. Ours were a press fit but you may have to heat the nut up a little to get it pressed in - be careful with the heat!
Cut 2x 370mm M8 smooth rod for the X-Axis. Slide on 2x LM8UU bearings on the top one and 1x LM8UU bearing on the bottom one. Fit these into the X-Axis. They are a exact fit and the holes in the X-Axis side may need to be cleaned a little - but don't over do it. Ours was a snug fit.
Install the X-idler pulley c/w a 623 bearing on the right side X-mount. It goes together the same as the Y-Axis idler pulley in the previous step.
The extruder will have to attach to the X-Axis carriage. Out plastic kit came with an adapter we had to trim down a little. It is held onto the carriage with 2x 25mm M3 bolts and nuts. The nuts slide into slots on the adapter and the bolts fit from the back of the X-Axis carriage. There are a few different ways of attaching the extruder so test and check fit everything well. At this stage we just test fit everything with the X-carriage not installed onto the smooth rod. Do all this now as it will be too hard once the X-Axis is assembled into the chassis.
The Z-axis moves the extruder/hot-end up and down. It has 2 motors, M5 threaded rod, M8 smooth rod, top and bottom printed plastic mounts and couplers for attaching the M5 threaded rod to the motor spindles.
Attach the Z-Axis bottom mounts to the frame with 14mm M3 bolts, washers and nylock nuts.
Attach 2x NEMA-17 motors to the Z-Axis mounts with 10mm M3 bolts. Temporary mount a top Z-Axis mount and measure the distance between the bottom to the top. We got 320mm - this will be the length of your Z-Axis smooth rod so measure twice and cut once. You could make it longer if you want.
Cut 2x 320mm lengths of M8 smooth rod for the Z-Axis and fit them into the bottom mounts. They should fit flush against the Z-Axis motors.
Fit the X-Axis frame onto the Z-Axis rods and attach it all in place with the Z-Axis top mounts.
Attach the X-Carriage to the 3 LM8UU bearings with zip ties.
Attach a GT2 pulley to one of the NEMA-17's. We found that the toothed part need to sit on the inside so the belt would fit through the slots in the X-Ends. Mount the motor with 3x 18mm M3 bolts. Thread the belt as per the pictures making sure to tension it. Start at the X-carriage and press the belt into the slots the same as you did for the Y-belt. Go around the motor pulley, over to the idler and back to the X-carriage. Use zip ties to hold it in place.
The Z-Axis moves on 2x 5mm threaded rod. We used stainless steel as the cheaper nickel plated threaded rod I found wasn't straight and the supplier said it was typical of the cheaper nickel plated stock. Cut 2x 310mm lengths.
They attach with 5mm x 5mm flexible couplers.Attach the couplers to the Z-Axis motors, thread/screw the rod through the 5mm nuts you placed in the X-Axis mounts and into the top of the couplers. There should be a gap between the motor shaft and the threaded rods so that the couplers can flex - if they are tight against each other then the coupler will not flex.
Once this is all complete then attach the extruder adapter.
There area few different designs for extruders. Our plastic kit came with a "Greg's Wade" style.
It consists of a "hobbed" bolt, 3x 608zz bearings, small gear for the motor and a large gear which the hobbed bolt fits into, M8 nuts and washers, a 25mm M3 bolt and nut for the idler, a 10mm M3 bolt and nut for the small gear, a 20mm length of M8 smooth rod, 3x 10mm M3 bolts to hold the motor. For the idler tension you will also need 2x 6-32x2" (or longer) bolts and nuts to match. Also 2x tension springs - we used discarded springs that are found on a car brake-line.
Start by cleaning out the holes where the motor will mount and make sure the 608 bearing fits into the main piece of the extruder.
Slide a 20mm length of M8 smooth rod into one of the 608 bearing and press it into the idler. It should snap into place with a little force.
We used a 25mm M3 bolt and nut to attach this to the body of the extruder. The nut fits on the inside of the tag - check the pictures.
The M8 hobbed bolt fits into the big gear and through a 608 bearing fitted into the large extruder piece. You will have to add shim washers between the gear and the 608 bearing to make sure the hobbing lines up with the guide hole for the filament. A second 608 bearing holds the bolt in place. Test fit and shim as necessary. Use an M8 nylock or 2 M8 regular bolts cinched together to hold the hobbed bolt in place.
The small gear fits onto the motor shaft, we had to ream the hole out a little for a good fit. An M3 nut goes into the slot on the side of the small gear and an M3 x10mm bolt screws through this to hold the small gear against the motor shaft. We filed a flat face onto the motor shaft to help hold the small gear to the motor shaft - if your motor shaft does not have a flat face on it you must file one onto it. If you don't then the gear will slip on the shaft and the filament won't extrude properly.
Bolt the motor to the extruder and test fit the gears to make sure they line up - just make sure the hobbed bolt has been test fitted first and that the hobb lines up with the guide hole for the filament, then make sure the small gear will fit and mesh with the larger gear. There are slots on the main body of the extruder where the 6-32 nuts fit into. We had to file quite a bit of material off ours to make them slip into place, see the pictures. Assemble the 2x long 6-32 bolts through washers and the springs. The correct tension will not be known until you test and calibrate the extruder motor.
At this stage the physical build is pretty much done. Next we will move onto mounting the Arduino Mega c/w RAMPs board and start to wire up the electrics.
For our Prusa i3 we bought a slim 12V power-supply vs using an old ATX PC power-supply. It's nothing to do with function - it's just a smaller neater power-supply. Kevin laser cut an enclosure for it. The power supply will need to supply approximately 9A for the heat bed and 4A for the hot end. A 350W (29A-30A) is a good choice, though a 20A should work.
We started by cutting the end off a computer power cable, we then crimped spade terminals to the 3 leads. Use the ones with small hooks on the end - this will help stop the terminal from sliding off the screw terminal (see the picture). There is a live, neutral and ground connection - make sure they go onto the correct terminals.
Next to the AC input is 2x 12V DC outputs that go to the RAMPS board.
We used 18awg stranded wire for this. Again we used spade terminals with the hooks. There is an adjustment pot next to the 12V output. Use your multimeter to check the output voltage and adjust if necessary. If you don't have a multimeter go get one! They are needed for this build. As with all the wiring for our project we want to make it neat right from the start - so we got the mesh type cable wrap and used that along with heat-shrink tube to make the ends neater.
On our laser cut frame are mounting holes for our Arduino Mega. Use plastic stand-offs so the Mega sits off the plywood. The holes lined up perfectly though we found we had to file the heads of a couple of the bolts (slightly) as the mounting holes in the Arduino were right next to header pins.
Mount the Arduino to the frame with the USB connector facing the bottom - leave enough space to plug in the USB cable. The RAMPS board mounts on the Arduino.
Before you mount the RAMPS have a read of Step 14 and what we found with the heat-bed and the MOSFET that controls it. Basically we found the MOSFET got very hot even with a heat-sink on it. After reading a number of reprap forum threads we decided to change the MOSFET to a IRLB8743PBF. It would be easier to do this now rather than later - but you may also find the quality of your RAMPS board is better than ours and the standard MOSFET is OK.
The RAMPS board has places for 5 "drivers" one each for the X, Y and Z motors, one for the extruder and a place for an optional second extruder . We are using 4 of the 5 for this build. If your RAMPS board came with the drivers pre-installed onto the board you should remove them and check the jumpers under them. There should be 3 rows of jumpers and depending on how they are jumpered it will affect the stepper motor. According to this chart we need to jumper all 3 pins to get 1/16th of a turn of the motor per pulse/step. So make sure all 3 pins are jumpered. If you don't have jumpers they are the same kind as found on PC motherboards, SCSI hard drives etc. Make sure you fit the driver back into the board with the correct orientation - if you don't you will blow components. The driver also has a tiny potentiometer on it to adjust the amount of current that you give the motor. This will have to be adjusted later - too little current and the motor will not step, too much and the driver will heat up and go into a thermal shutdown.
Once your drivers are installed we can move onto wiring the X, Y and Z motors. We found a wiring kit on ebay which has a selection of 2, 3 & 4 pin ends that fit onto the RAMPS board jumpers. They are the standard 0.1" spacing.
The NEMA 17 stepper motors we need to use have 4 wires coming from them. They are 2 sets of coils and you will need to use a multi-meter to make sure you have the correct pairs. The RepRap wiki has info on how this is done - basically you meter the pairs in turn. You will find open circuit on non pairs and low or no resistance on a pair. Mark which wires are a pair.
On the 4-pin connector the pairs are next to each other - so it's wire1 of the first pair then wire 2 of the first pair, wire 1 of the second pair, wire 2 of the second pair. When we spliced the wires that run back to the RAMPS we staggered the joins so that if the insulation we used ever broke down the wires wouldn't short. We used small shrink tube on the soldered joins and braided wire sleeves with shrink tube on the ends to make the wiring look neat.
Route the wires where the are out of the way. For the Z and Y motors you can make the length pretty exact as the motors don't move. For the X motor keep in mind that it moves up and down on the Z-Axis. The extruder motor will move both up and down and side to side. At this stage you should be able to wire the X, Y and Z motors. Temporarily mount the extruder c/w motor to figure out how long to make the wires. There will be the hot-end wires and also a fan wire in this "loom" and they should all be routed together - though not necessarily in the same braided sleeve.
Have a look at the RAMPS board, next to the drivers you will see 4 pin connectors for the motors. One each for the X, Y and extruder motors and 2 sets for the Z motors. Plug them in either way around for now (match the orientation for the Z-motors) - we just want to see if the motors move.
At this point we wanted to check our wiring and see if the motors would work. To do this you will need to download the Ramp Firmware. (We used Marlin). This can be found in this github repository. Use the "Download ZIP" link and unzip the main folder to your desktop or similar - as long as you know where to find it. You will also need the Arduino IDE if you haven't got it installed. The Arduino IDE can be found Here. Current version as of this instructable is 1.0.5. Install the IDE, plug in the USB to Arduino cable, leave the 12V to the RAMPS board off. Open the marlin.pde or marlin.ino file from the Marlin software.
#define STRING_CONFIG_H_AUTHOR "(Steve, first test)" //Who made the changes.
Since we don't have any temperature sensors hooked up we need to disable them for testing the motor movement.
So I can search the file for SR and find my changes and also I can go back to an original setting easily.
Save the changes and test compile the sketch. If it's OK then upload it to the Arduino.
Whenever you make a change in the Configuration.h file you will need to compile/upload it to your Arduino for the changes to take effect.
To control the printer you will also need Pronterface software . Download the Printrun-Win-Slic3r for Windows or Mac and unzip it to a folder and run the pronterface.exe file.
Note there is other software like Repetier Host from Repetier Software which will work with the Prusa i3 and have the same functionality as Pronterface.
OK, check that everything is correctly connected to the RAMPS board and that the RAMPS is plugged into the Arduino Mega correctly. Plug in and power up the 12V supply. Plug in the USB cable to your PC/laptop if it isn't already.
In Pronterface check that the correct port and speed are selected, the port will be the same one used to download the firmware to the Arduino, the speed should be 250000. Click the "connect" button. On the right side you should see the software connect and detect the RAMPS board. Look for the Author: it should be the same as what you put in the Configuration.h file. Use the X, Y and Z movement arrows and try move the motors - try move them 1mm or 10mm for now. As you move your mouse over the X, Y and Z grid the directions and distance will highlight. DO NOT try to home the motors at this time - you will need to put end-stops onto the RAMPS board i.e. do not click on the "home" icons. If you accidentally move the motors too far and they reach a limit of travel and try to keep going just unplug your power supply or press the reset button on the RAMPS board.
You can also try the "Extrude" and "Reverse" buttons to test the extruder motor.
If the motors "chatter" and don't move the axis you will need to adjust the small pot on the driver board. Ideally you should use a ceramic/plastic screwdriver as to ensure you don't short anything out. To adjust the driver first disconnect the 12V power to the RAMPS by either unplugging your power supply or pulling the clips out of the RAMPS board, then click the "disconnect" button in Pronterface. Give the pot a slight turn clockwise, connect up everything again, connect to the RAMPS via Pronterface and try again. Keep going up in 1/8th of a turn increments until you get motion. You will probably also find the motor will turn only in one direction. This is normal for now as we don't have end-stops installed and haven't homed the axis - so the software doesn't know how far it can go in one direction or the other.
It was a great moment in our build when we finally got the motors to move all the axis and extruder motor - It's Alive!!
Before we test the end-stops in the next steps we need to make sure each Axis move in the correct direction.
Let's start with the X-Axis, power everything up and open Pronterface, connect to the board, click the X-Axis 10mm minus and the carriage should move from right to left, click the X-Axis 10mm plus and it should move right. If this is backward then power down everything and flip X motor plug on the RAMPS board around. Power everything up and try again.
For the Y-Axis, start with the bed in the middle. Click the Y-Axis 10mm minus and the bed should move toward the back, click the Y-Axis 10mm plus and it should move toward the front. If this is backward then power everything down and flip the Y-Axis plug on the RAMPS board around. Power everything up and try again.
For the Z-Axis when you click 10mm minus the motors should go anti-clockwise and move the extruder down, when you click 10mm plus the motors should go clockwise and move the extruder up. If this is backward then power everything down and flip both Z-Axis plus on the RAMPS board. Power everything up and try again.
1. we found with the cheaper ~$42.00 Arduino/RAMPS combo we got off eBay that the drivers needed adjustment. Part way through our testing I did manage to blow the eBay bought Arduino when I placed a driver board in incorrectly and powered everything up - so be careful with it all.
2. If you have Pronterface open and want to compile/upload changes to the Arduino first click the "disconnect" in Pronterface - this will allow the Arduino IDE to use the port. Once the changes are uploaded you can leave the Arduino IDE open and connect to the Arduino/RAMPS from Pronterface. The Arduino only needs control of the port when you upload the complied changes - no need to close and reload the IDE every time.
3. Save the Marlin file often when changes work. It's a good idea to keep notes on what works and doesn't.
The Prusa i3 printer has a build size of approximately 200mmx200mmx200mm (8"x8"x8"). To know where it can print you need to "home" the printer. To home the printer we need to use end-stops, mechanical or optical switches that are tripped when the movement of the axis reach their maximum (or minimum) - the switch signals the Arduino and the RAMPS/Pronterface software get the signal and knows the movement limit.
For our build we used mechanical switches. The switches can be wired to be normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC). We used normally open, i.e. when the switch is hit it closes the contacts and sends a signal to the Arduino port via the RAMPS board. This logic can be changed in the firmware to normally closed if you wish. Some would argue that NC is better as if one of the wires break by accident it will trip the RAMPS telling it that the maximum or minimum have been reached. We chose NO as you only home the printer once per print and therefore the printer gets a signal on it's port(s) once vs having the logic on the port the whole time through the print.
const bool X_ENDSTOPS_INVERTING = false;// set to true to invert the logic of the endstops.
We found the defaults worked.
We placed our Y-Axis end-stop at the back of the printer frame, if you wanted to place it at the front of the frame you would change the firmware line to read #DEFINE Y_HOME_DIR 1 and also change the end-stop wiring to the Y MAX pins on the RAMPS board. That way Marlin knows the Y home position is with the bed forward and to look for the signal on the MAX pins.
Make the changes as above and compile and upload to the Arduino board.
On the RAMPS board are pins for the 3 axis for both the minimum and maximum positions - 6 sets of pins in total. There are 3 pins for each of the X, Y & Z and their MIN and MAX positions - however you only use 2 of the 3 and some documentation we've read suggest you could damage the RAMPS board if you use all 3 of them.
See the attached image of the RAMPS for the correct pins to use.
For the X, Y and Z axis we used the MIN pins - when we clicked X minus in Pronterface the carriage moves left, when we clicked the X home position the carriage moved left to the end-stop, when we clicked the Y plus the bed moves forward, when we clicked the Y home position the bed moves back to the end-stop, when we click Z minus the carriage moves down, when we click the Z home position the carriage moves down toward the end-stop.
For our home position we wanted the bed (Y-Axis) all the way back, the X-Axis to the left and the Z-Axis all the way down - this makes the print head home on the front left of the heat bed.
To do this the X-Axis end-stop goes on the left side of the X-Axis, the Y-Axis end-stop goes at the back of the printer and the Z-Axis end-stop goes on the bottom left. Included in our plastic kit were 3 switch holders. We were able to use 1 of them for the X-Axis, but decided to use different designs for the Y and Z axis. Our Y-Axis holder just wouldn't work and while the Z-Axis could have worked there was (IMHO) a better design.
First thing is to use a multi-meter and figure out which wires to use on the switch, if you use a multi-meter with a buzzer that sounds when the leads are shorted and therefore when the switch is closed you will be able to figure out which pair to use that is NO and closes when the switch is tripped.
Use the pairs that are open when the switch isn't tripped and closed when the switch is pressed.
Wire up the switches and plug them into the RAMPS board - looking at the RAMPS from the top - plug in the X end-stop on the first row, miss a row then plug in the Y end-stop, miss a row and plug in the Z end-stop.
See the image above to see where to connect them on the RAMPS board. For testing don't mount the switches in their holder as you first need to figure out if everything works and at first we just want to test that the axis movement will stop when the switch is closed. You only need 2 wires from the switch to the RAMPS board, do not connect a wire to the 3rd pin on the RAMPS. Also when testing be ready to either disconnect the 12V power or press the reset switch on the side of the RAMPS board as if the end-stop switch doesn't work as expected the motor could continue to try drive the axis even though it hit it's limit.
With the end-stop switches plugged in power everything up and connect to the Arduino/RAMPS with Pronterface.
With the X-Axis in the middle click the X-Axis home icon - the carriage should move left. Press the end-stop switch and the carriage should stop moving.
With the Y-Axis in the middle click the Y-Axis home icon - the bed should move toward the back. Press the end-stop switch and the bed should stop moving.
With the Z-Axis, click the home icon - the carriage should move down. Press the end-stop switch and the carriage should stop.
1. Make sure the direction of the axis is correct - check in Configuration.h that you changed to mendal as in the previous step, if correct and you did compile and upload to the Arduino you can change the the plug-in on the RAMPS.
2. Make sure the switch is NO and goes closed when pressed and that the logic was changed in the Configuration.h (and compiled/uploaded) as per the previous steps.
Z-Axis: The vanilla mount would have worked for us, but it had to be mounted on the right side and therefore needed a longer run for the wires. Because we used the alloy couplers between the motor and M5 threaded rod (vs 4mm tubing) the vanilla mounts were a tight fit.
We also un-soldered the large plugin adapters on the switch and soldered the two wires directly to the PCB, in most cases they interfered with mounting the switch to the mount and we think it looks a little cleaner.
Once everything is in place connect it all up, start Pronterface and test the positions. With the bed installed and the hot-end temporarily installed you will be able to adjust the stops and frame to home the extruder/hot-end to the front left of the bed. You will also have to adjust the 10mm threaded rod on the Y-Chassis to move the bed back or forward so the Y motion covers the whole bed.
A heated bed helps print quality by allowing the printed part to cool slowly and therefore not warp, it also helps the extruded ABS/PLA etc adhere to the bed.
The heat-bed can pull a little over 9A of current and is controlled by a MOSFET on the RAMPS board. (12v / 1.3 ohms = 9.2A). We found the standard STP55NF06L got very hot even with a heatsink. After reading a few reprap forum threads on this issue we decided to change the MOSFET to a IRLB8743PBF and found the issue went away. The circuit is also protected by an 11A resettable fuse - the extruder circuit is protected by a similar 5A fuse. See the images. This fuse also gets hot to the touch and if the circuit pulls maximum amps it will heat up and expand and break the circuit. We found that we had to have a small fan blow air over the fuses to keep them cool during the initial heat up of the bed. Once we did this it heated no problem. We may look at changing the fuse out to a 15A unit later.
When attaching the two 12v circuit wires from the heat-bed to the RAMPS make sure they are inserted into the terminal blocks correctly and the screws are tight.
In our build we turned the bed around so the 12V solder pads were at the back of the printer - this was so the wire runs were shorter and didn't run under the bed itself. We used the same 16awg we used for the 12V power supply run. You must use stranded/flexible wires for the 12V heat-bed.
The temperature of the bed is is read by the Arduino/RAMPS by a thermistor (usually 100k). We used a pair of wires from the wiring kit we bought from eBay. Solder the thermistor to the wires and cover the joins with heat-shrink.
The thermistor is attached to the underside of the bed with "kapton" tape. See the attached image.
There is also a hole in the center of the heat bed - this is so if you want to put the thermistor in contact with the glass sheet that usually goes onto the heat bed, you can read the temperature of the glass directly. Due to the shape of our thermistor we stuck with the normal placement against the heat bed itself.
Solder the two 12V wires to the solder pads and then mount the heat-bed onto the frame. With the bed all the way forward measure and cut both sets of wires to length. The 12v bed wires go to the RAMPS D8 position - make sure the screws that hold the end in the terminal block on the RAMPS are tight..
The thermistor wires go to T1 pins on the RAMPS.
We attached out heat bed to the frame with M3 bolts and used springs with washers to enable us to level the bed if needed.
Save and upload to the Arduino.
Connect everything up and open Pronterface, connect to the RAMPS and click the box "watch" in the left column above the graph, on older versions of the software it's the "Monitor Printer" at the top of this column.
Also click "Settings" then "Options" then "User interface" and make sure there is a check mark on "Display temperature gauges" - you should restart Pronterface after this.
You should see the bed temperature reading the current room temperature. Select PLA temp from the drop down menu and click the "set" button. You should see the temperature rise in the graph and it will level out at 60c.
On our RAMPS a red LED comes on when the heat bed is on and goes out when the temperature is reached. Once it hits the desired temperature it will cycle on and off to maintain the correct setting.
Hold your hand above the bed (don't touch it - it will be hot!) and you should be able to feel the heat. Try the ABS setting and make sure the bed temperature levels out correctly.
Be sure to click the "off" button before disconnecting from the RAMPS to shut off the 12V to the bed.
If the fuse trips before the correct temperature is reached try using a small fan to cool the fuses. As mentioned above we found a small fan was needed to help cool the fuse.
You will need a 8"x8" piece of glass - we used 3mm. We covered the glass with blue painters tape to help the first layer of extruded abs/pla adhere to the bed/glass. Another option is kapton tape. Do not let the tape overlap on itself as it will cause the first layer to print incorrectly and therefore every other layer.
We have already changed this line to get the correct number of steps for the Z-Axis. Change the 760*1.1 to 450 and upload the file to the Arduino. Move the Z-Axis up toward the top and put a 200mm length of filament into the extruder and wind it down so it just comes out the bottom. Using a ruler or calipers measure up 120mm from the top of the extruder idler and place a mark on the filament. Start Pronterface and connect to the printer.
Under the extrude button change the amount to 100mm and change the rate to 300 mm/min.
Click the "extrude" button to extrude the 100mm of filament.
So in Marlin replace the 450 with 500 and try again. Save and upload the changes to the Arduino. You should be able to get within a mm doing this 2 or 3 times.
Our final number was 472 - but it will be based on the gearing etc of the extruder.
If the filament doesn't extrude properly make sure the hobbed bolt is lined up correctly with the guide hole for the filament - if not shim it with washers as necessary. Also try adjust the tension of the idler springs - they may be too tight or loose.
Start by inserting the resistor through the hole in the hot end, Cover the exposed pieces of wire with the heat resistant tubing leaving enough to go into the end of a ferrule. Crimp a ferrule on each end.
Measure 2 lengths of the 18awg wire - keep in mind it has to reach from the bottom right position of the axises to the RAMPS board. Crimp on the wire.
Note: it is a bad idea to solder these wires as the temperature could get to 220 degrees C, enough to melt solder - so this is why crimps are used. Cover the crimps with shrink tubing.
For the thermistor we covered the leads with the temperature resistant tubing and soldered 2 wires from our wiring kit to the thermistor. (our kit was missing the ferrules and I could only source larger ferrules for 16awg wire locally) These were covered with shrink tubing.
Insert the thermistor into the small hole on the hot end and use thin kapton tape to hold it in place. As per the Makerfarm video run thin kapton tape around the end a few times, then tape all the wires just a little further up (below the bottom cooling fins). Fit the hot end into the base of the extruder - our was a really tight fit. Slide the extruder/hot end into the mount and use M4 nuts and bolts to bolt them together. Make sure you don't crush any wires doing this.
We didn't remove the mount from the X-carriage and it was quite hard to get everything together - so it may be easier to remove the mount first. Once we have an operational and tuned printer we will probably look at alternatives to this setup.
This tells the RAMPS that we have a 100k thermistor on pin T0 and we will be able to test heating the hot end.
Save the file and upload it to the Arduino, start Pronterface and connect to the RAMPS, check the "watch" box as per the heat bed step (or "monitor printer" box) and you should see the hot end temperature (should be around room temperature). Next to the "heat:" select 185 (pla) and click the "set" button. You should see the temperature graph rise as the hot-end heats to 185 and of you put your hand close to the hot end you will feel the temperature (don't touch the hot end, it will burn you!). Try the ABS setting too. Make sure to click the "off" button before you disconnect from the RAMPS.
At this stage of the build you can test extruding actual ABS or PLA - raise the Z-Axis, heat the hot-end to the required setting and give it a try. Try extrude 20 or 30mm, you should eventually get fine plastic extruding from the hot end.
Don't leave the hot end at the melting temperature too long without extruding plastic particularly with PLA as it can overheat in the hot end and gum everything up. So after testing click the "off" button.
At this stage of our build we haven't really done much calibration except for the extruder and the Z-Axis under the #define DEFAULT_AXIS_STEPS_PER_UNIT line.
To find the "steps per unit" for the X, Y & Z axis you can use Jozef Prusa's RepRap Calculator. For the X and Y Axis we used a GT2 pulley with 20 teeth. The motor step angle is 1.8 degrees and they are setup for 1/16 micro step (remember we used 3 jumpers under the driver on the RAMPS). So using those values in the calculator we get a value of 80 for the X and Y.
In an earlier step we changed the Z-Axis value to 4000. This was found using the Steps per millimeter - leadscrew driven systems. Again - 1.8, 1/16 and pick M5 to give 4000.
To ensure our Z-Axis was level we moved it close to the top of the axis and measured the distance between the top of the X-Ends and the top Z-Axis mount on each side, then manually wound one motor so the measurement was the same on each side. You can also sight the X-Axis smooth rod along the top of the frame to visually see if it is parallel.
Next we moved all the axis to the home positions to level the bed. From the home position move the Z-Axis down so you can just slide a piece of paper between the nozzle and painters tape on the glass, then move the bed forward all the way and adjust the M3 bolt so the paper just slides between the nozzle and tape. Move the nozzle/bed to all four corners doing the same until it's even. You will have to go around a couple of times to get it correct. It's important to get the bed as level as you can as the first layer of the print has to be as accurate as possible as every other layer is built on top of this.
The Pronterface bundle downloaded in step 10 includes "Slic3r" This takes a 3d model and generates G-code. It slices the 3D model into the layers for the 3D printer. Start Pronterface and click "Settings" then "Slicing Settings"
This will start Slic3r. If it starts with a configuration wizard then go through it, if not then click "Help" then "Configuration Wizard".
At this point of our build we just wanted to print something - and if you use this as a guide for building your own Prusa i3 you will probably want to as well.
We loaded some PLA into the extruder, started Pronterface, did a "file" then "open" found the .stl file and brought it into Pronterface. After heating the bed and hot-end, we homed the print head and clicked the "print" button.
After a few seconds the printer did a quick "home" then moved to the center of the bed and our print started.
With the minimal calibration we have done the first two prints we did turned out fantastic. As we fine tune and further calibrate the printer we will be keeping notes and hope to have another Instructable on the actual fine tuning and calibration.
The RepRap wiki also has a great write up on Calibration.
When you have finished your print using PLA don't let the filament sit in the heated hot-end, either let the head cool a little (about 10 degrees) then reverse it out or let it cool while you are preparing for your next print. Five or so minutes is OK.


text:
Randolph, MA
9 Best Thai Restaurants in Massachusetts
Malai Thai Restaurant, Randolph, MA
Malai Thai prides itself on only using the finest and freshest ingredients. They're open six days a week, and you can order online for your convenience. From Veggie Rolls to Thai Satay Beef,…
Malai Thai prides itself on only using the finest and freshest ingredients. They're open six…
8 Best Dance Clubs and Venues in Massachusetts!
Vincent's Nightclub, Randolph, MA
Featuring a huge dance floor, Vincent's Nightclub in Randolph offers New England's best Latin dance party each Friday night. Throw a private party in their new VIP lounge for an even more…
Featuring a huge dance floor, Vincent's Nightclub in Randolph offers New England's best…
The 8 Best Cake Shops in Massachusetts!
Konditor Meister, Braintree, MA
When you order a cake from Konditor Meister, it won't only taste good, it will be a work of art, too. From wedding cakes to special dessert cakes—and more bakery items, too—you will…
When you order a cake from Konditor Meister, it won't only taste good, it will be a work of…
The Best Kids' Play Centers in Massachusetts!
Children's World Indoor Playground, Canton, MA
Children's World Indoor Playground is perfect for children of all ages. There's even a toddler area for those under two. Inflatable climbing structures and slides ensure safe, active…
Children's World Indoor Playground is perfect for children of all ages. There's even a…
The 10 Best State Parks in Massachusetts!
Webb Memorial State Park, Weymouth, MA
For a beautiful view of the Boston skyline, visit Webb Memorial State Park. Situated on a peninsula that extends into Hingham Bay, the park offers fishing, canoeing and kayaking opportunities.…
For a beautiful view of the Boston skyline, visit Webb Memorial State Park. Situated on a peninsula…
The 8 Best Pho Restaurants in Massachusetts!
Pho 89, Randolph, MA
Featuring pho and a nice selection of other Vietnamese dishes, Pho 89 is a comfortable, relaxing place to eat. If you don't feel like dining out, pick up something to go on your way…
Featuring pho and a nice selection of other Vietnamese dishes, Pho 89 is a comfortable, relaxing…
The 14 Best Breakfast Places in Massachusetts!
Kristin's, Braintree, MA
At Kristin's, the kinds of pancakes served are written on giant wallboards like ice cream flavors. She boasts as many as two dozen types on any given day. The café was featured on…
At Kristin's, the kinds of pancakes served are written on giant wallboards like ice cream…
The Best Sushi Restaurants in Massachusetts
Nagoya Sushi Inc., Stoughton, MA
At Nagoya Sushi in Stoughton, customers can expect to be served excellence in simple and delicious Japanese cuisine. This restaurant prides itself on providing a unique fusion experience with fresh…
At Nagoya Sushi in Stoughton, customers can expect to be served excellence in simple and delicious…
Paws in Play, Canton, MA
In addition to providing a dog taxi, Paws in Play will board your furry friend, groom him, train him, keep him overnight, and welcome him into their doggie daycare program. Supplies like food,…
In addition to providing a dog taxi, Paws in Play will board your furry friend, groom him, train…
The 10 Best Marijuana Dispensaries in Massachusetts
Ermont, Inc., Quincy, MA
For every $350 a patient spends at Ermont., Inc., they receive $15 off a future purchase. This is just one of many promotions the dispensary offers. They also feature a nice assortment of products,…
For every $350 a patient spends at Ermont., Inc., they receive $15 off a future purchase. This is…
Best Things In & Around Randolph, MA
Featured in The Best Kids' Play Centers in Massachusetts!
Children's World Indoor Playground is perfect for children of all ages. There's even a toddler area for those under two. Inflatable climbing structures and slides ensure safe, active… Read More
Featured in The 10 Best State Parks in Massachusetts!
For a beautiful view of the Boston skyline, visit Webb Memorial State Park. Situated on a peninsula that extends into Hingham Bay, the park offers fishing, canoeing and kayaking opportunities.… Read More
Featured in The 10 Best Marijuana Dispensaries in Massachusetts
For every $350 a patient spends at Ermont., Inc., they receive $15 off a future purchase. This is just one of many promotions the dispensary offers. They also feature a nice assortment of products,… Read More
Wompatuck State Park, Hingham, MA
Perfect for city dwellers who want to experience some tranquility and a healthy dose of nature, Wompatuck State Park is just a 35-minute drive from downtown Boston. Featuring 260 campsites and 12… Read More
Jake's Seafood Restaurant, Hull, MA
Featured in The 7 Best Seafood Restaurants in Massachusetts!
You can't even think about Cape Cod without thinking about the delicious seafood caught just off its shores. Jake's Seafood Restaurant has been serving up seafood seaside for years. Check… Read More
Oasis Day Spa, South Weymouth, MA
Enjoy a spa service or two or stay for the day and enjoy lunch, too. Oasis Day Spa offers all this and more. Have you ever indulged in a warm oil manicure? How about a hydrating seaweed facial? They… Read More
Doña Habana, Boston, MA
Featuring dozens of takes on a Mojito, Dona Habana does romance Latino style. Cumin-seasoned pulled pork and braised flank steak are customer favorites. The ambience is straight from Old Havana, with… Read More
Piesco Sporting Goods, North Easton, MA
Outfitting several local sports teams, Piesco Sporting Goods can outfit your athlete, too. The locally owned and operated business is held in very high regard in their community, and is also known… Read More
Featured in 8 Best Dance Clubs and Venues in Massachusetts!
Featuring a huge dance floor, Vincent's Nightclub in Randolph offers New England's best Latin dance party each Friday night. Throw a private party in their new VIP lounge for an even more… Read More
Events around Randolph, MA
As If…A 90's Quiz
Dave & Buster's Braintree, Braintree, MA
Forever Country/ Broadway
Stoughton, MA
Free Sensory-Friendly Valentine's Day Party
Bierman Autism Centers - Massachusetts, Randolph, MA
Presidents Day WinterFest
Hancock Adams Common, Quincy, MA
Randolph News
Town Of Randolph 2023 Summer Recreation Program Now Open
From: Town Of Randolph
Randolph's 2023 Summer Recreation Program is now accepting camper registrations and camp counselor applications. Please visit www.randolphicc.com/camp for all pertinent links and information.… Read More
Town Of Randolph -Community Resources Update January 04, 2023
The Town of Randolph has hired 2 full-time social workers based out of the Randolph Intergenerational Community Center. Click Here For More… Read More
Turner Free Library Newsletter - January 2023
From: Turner Free Library
TFL January Newsletter Come check out a book, grab a table to study, use a computer, or attend some of our upcoming programs. Fall/Winter Schedule Monday-Thursday 9AM-8PM Friday-Saturday 9AM-5PM… Read More
Town Of Randolph : Water Treatment Plant And Pumping Station Scheduled Shutdown
On Tuesday, December 20th, at 3:00 pm there is scheduled maintenance (basin wash) at the water treatment facility. The process will begin at 3:00pm. Storage tanks are at full capacity, but you may… Read More
Town Of Randolph's 2022 Winter ONEderland
Join us for a day of holiday cheer! Check out the events taking place at 4 different locations this year: the RICC, the Turner Free Library, the First Congregational Church, and Randolph Town Hall! … Read More
Find it Fast Near Randolph
Blue Hills Reservation
725 Hillside Street, Milton, MA
The Blue Hills were so named by early European explorers who, while sailing along the coastline, noticed the bluish hue on the slopes when viewed f... Read More
Stoughton Skate Park
, Stoughton, MA
Fuller Craft Museum
455 Oak Street, Brockton, MA
Mission: Fuller Craft Museum is a dynamic environment where craft is experienced through exhibitions, education, outreach, and collaboration. We e... Read More
Monroe Playground
Pond Street, Quincy, MA
Pond Street in Quincy Point Baseball field, basketball court and skateboard park Sixe: 9 acres The park is named for Israel W. Monroe, the mater... Read More
Quincy House
20 Muirhead Street, Quincy, MA
This country estate overlooking Quincy Bay transports visitors to the Revolutionary War era and tells the story of a woman's work to preserve her f... Read More
Boston Frog Pond
38 Beacon St, Boston, MA
About Us:The Boston Common Frog Pond sits at the heart of Boston Common, the oldest and most treasured public park in the U.S. With a winter ice ri... Read More
United States Naval Shipbuilding Museum
739 Washington Street, Quincy, MA
Ordered by the US Navy on 14 June, 1943, USS Salem (CA 139) was laid down on 4 July, 1945 at the Bethlehem Steel Company's Quincy Yard in Quincy, M... Read More
Reservation Skatepark
1 Reservation Road, Boston, MA
Asiaf Skating Arena
702 Belmont Street,, Brockton, MA
About Us:The Asiaf Skating Arena is a Commonwealth of Massachusetts public ice skating facility, overseen by the Department of Conservation and Rec... Read More
Avon, MA
Weymouth, MA
Milton, MA
Hyde Park, MA
Abington, MA
Readville, MA
Milton Village, MA
East Weymouth, MA


text:
<?php

/**
 *  Bluware PHP Lite & Scaleable Web Frame.
 *
 *  @author   Eugen Melnychenko
 */

namespace Frame\Package;

class Exception extends \Exception
{
    //
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Insert multiple values from array into mulitple divs in HTML I am trying to insert values from an array into HTML.
The value from the array includes image and alt.
The HTML includes multiple sections like this code below:

NR1 Here should be the alt

NR2 Here should be the alt

And the array looks like this:

const imagesArr = [{
  image: 'src nr1',
  alt: 'THIS TITLE SHOULD BE INSERTED TO id="captionStyle"',
},
{
  image: 'src nr2',
  alt: 'THIS TITLE SHOULD BE INSERTED TO id="captionStyle"',
} ];

What is the best way to pull the data when I have multiple items and multiple sections in HTML?
I'll try it on my own but I'd be glad for any help!

A: Although this will be much easier if you used any of the main frontend framework such as Angular, React, Vue, but as you're doing it in plain JavaScript, you could do something like this.

const imagesArr = [{
  image: 'src nr1',
  alt: 'THIS TITLE SHOULD BE INSERTED TO id="captionStyle"',
},
{
  image: 'src nr2',
  alt: 'THIS TITLE SHOULD BE INSERTED TO id="captionStyle"',
} ];

const htmlElements = [];

imagesArr.forEach(image => {
let container = document.createElement('div');
  container.setAttribute('class', 'd-xl-none');
  let thumbnail = document.createElement('div');
  thumbnail.setAttribute('class', 'mobileGallery thumbnail d-flex justify-content-center imagePreview');
  let anchor = document.createElement('a');
  let img = document.createElement('img');
  img.setAttribute('src', image.image);
  let captionContainer = document.createElement('div');
  captionContainer.setAttribute('class', 'caption');
  let caption = document.createElement('p');
  caption.setAttribute('class', 'captionStyle');
  caption.append(image.alt);

  captionContainer.append(caption);
  anchor.append(img, captionContainer);
  thumbnail.append(anchor);
  container.append(thumbnail);
  htmlElements.push(container);
});

const parentContainer = document.querySelector('.parent-container');
parentContainer.append(...htmlElements);

A: Loop through the sections and use the idx to grab the values from the array:

const imagesArr = [{
  image: 'https://placekitten.com/200/200',
  alt: 'THIS TITLE SHOULD BE INSERTED TO id="captionStyle"',
},
{
  image: 'https://placekitten.com/200/300',
  alt: 'THIS TITLE SHOULD BE INSERTED TO id="captionStyle"',
} ];

const sections = document.querySelectorAll(".d-xl-none")

sections.forEach((el,idx) =>
{
  el.querySelector("img").src = imagesArr[idx].image
  el.querySelector(".caption p").innerHTML = imagesArr[idx].alt
})

NR1 Here should be the alt

NR2 Here should be the alt

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


So you've included a custom section for a table, e.g. admin_user or through your custom extension's model table. The main issue is your values are not being put away by your fundamental model classes, i.e. reflections of Mage_Core_Model_Abstract. Yet, why you ask subsequent to Magento should consequently induce database table to model relations through Zend_Db and enchantment getters and setters.
After that do indexing from magento admin panel.


text:
Home News Nuclear Iran: Criticisms of Nuclear Talks from Israel, Elsewhere
Iran: Criticisms of Nuclear Talks from Israel, Elsewhere
Israel has been critical of the nuclear negotiations from the start. CBS News's coverage of the Obama-Netanyahu meeting includes several recent remarks by the Israeli Prime Minister comparing Iran to ISIS and characterizing the former as the "world's most dangerous regime in the world's most dangerous region."
Meanwhile, the Associated Press quotes Netanyahu as warning Obama: "Iran seeks a deal that would lift the tough sanctions that you worked so hard to put in place and leave it as a threshold nuclear power."
But of course some analysts and politicians are concerned that excessive distrust and excessive demands placed upon Iran will make a deal impossible in the less than two months until the deadline, ultimately leading Iran to further develop its nuclear program. An article by ex-CIA analyst Paul R. Pillar in Consortium News expresses this concern, but without letting Iran off the hook for illicit nuclear ambitions.
The article criticizes the most hardline anti-Iran positions, including that of Benjamin Netanyahu, as placing too much emphasis on the desire to expose the past military dimensions of Iran's nuclear program. Pillar argues that this is simply an unobtainable demand, and that some of the people making it are aware of that fact, but they insist upon it explicitly for the purpose of scuttling any nuclear deal.
Pillar goes on to argue that the more important aspect of the negotiating process involves convincing Iran to accept the Additional Protocol to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, so that the international community can inspect Iranian sites and recognize new work, as opposed to focusing on old nuclear weapons research that Iran would be unlikely to repeat anyway.
But this may be a moot point, seeing as many other commentators believe that the US has missed any opportunity it might have had to obtain a favorable deal that would seriously constrain and inspect the Iranian nuclear program. NewsMax reports that Charles Krauthammer, in an interview on Fox News's The O'Reilly Factor, accused President Obama of effectively surrendering to Iran and allowing it to continue with nuclear weapons development. He suggested that any final deal at this point would leave Iran only months away from a nuclear bomb, at best, and with sanctions so weakened that they will fall apart as European businesses seek to enter the Iranian market.
This is certainly something that Iran has been encouraging. The latest indication of that comes from Ireland, where the speaker of the parliament has arranged to visit with a number of Iranian officials. Sean Barret is currently visiting Tehran, according to Zawya, and has already met with Iranian Parliament Speaker Ali Larijani, reportedly to discuss the nuclear issue, the conflict with the Islamic State, and economic ties between the two states.
Each sign of Western economic interest in Iran has the potential to further erode international support for sanctions, which American officials would certainly want to return to full force if nuclear talks break down. If that international support is sufficiently weakened, the possibility might exist for Iran to abandon nuclear negotiations and resume nuclear weapons research and development, virtually without consequences.
Charles Krauthammer anticipates that main obstacle that remains for this outcome is the likelihood of an Israeli attack. But he adds that it is unclear whether such an attack will be feasible or effective.
Previous articleIran: Mother of Rayhaneh Jabbari makes plea for daughter's life
Next articleIran: Illicit Trade and Internal Corruption
To Make Iran Compromise on Nuclear Issues, European Policy Should Focus Elsewhere
Tehran Builds New Nuclear Site in Fordo, Breaches JCPOA
Fakhrizadeh's Death Causes Confusion Among Iranian Officials
Iran: Ayatollahs' Losing Bet on Sanctions Relief
NCRI Exposes New Covert Nuclear Sites in Iran


Messi has taken an indefinite break from the Argentina squad after captaining them to the round-of-16.
Claiming that Lionel Messi has given Argentina much more than he has received in return, Argentine Football Association (AFA) President Claudio Tapia said on Thursday that he will not put any pressure on the FC Barcelona star to return to the fold.
"We have to be thankful. He has done a lot for the national team and we have repaid him in the worst possible way," Tapia was quoted as saying by ESPNFC.
Interim head coach Lionel Scaloni said Messi's absence will be felt.
"We miss him. But we have to let him be, in peace. He has to enjoy his family, his life. We shall see what happens later," he told TyC Sports.
Messi is yet to win a major trophy with his country despite competing in five World Cups and eight Copa Americas.
The 31-year old has scored 65 goals in 128 appearances since making his debut with Argentina in August 2005.


text:
Халтијангис има више значења:

 Халтијангис (Акапулко де Хуарез), насеље у савезној држави Гереро у Мексику
 Халтијангис, Сан Хосе Халтијангис (Изукар де Матаморос), насеље у савезној држави Пуебла у Мексику

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Nabil Abdulrashid news
Funny Festival Live line up revealed for new BBC Two stand up series
Posted February 26, 2021 18:25
The line up for BBC Two's new stand up series Funny Festival Live has been revealed.
Annaleigh Rose Clarke
Ofcom rejects 3,000 complaints about Britain's Got Talent comedian Nabil Abdulrashid
Ofcom has rejected 3,000 complaints made about comedian Nabil Abdulrashid on Britain's Got Talent.
Britain's Got Talent 2020 recap! Watch all of the performances from the final online
Here's a full recap of this weekend's Britain's Got Talent 2020 final performances and results - spoilers!
Who's on Britain's Got Talent 2020 tonight? Full final line up revealed
Here's who's on Britain's Got Talent 2020 tonight with the acts appearing on in this evening's October 10 show.
Britain's Got Talent 2020 finalists: Meet the contestants in the final
Meet the Britain's Got Talent 2020 finalists ahead of tonight's grand final (October 10).
Britain's Got Talent 2020 recap! Watch all of the performances from fifth semi-final online
Here's a full recap of Saturday's fifth Britain's Got Talent 2020 semi-final performances and results - spoilers!
Britain's Got Talent 2020 results: Fifth act confirmed for the final
Tonight's Britain's Got Talent 2020 results are in with the fifth act making it through to next week's final.
Watch Nabil Abdulrashid's hilarious Britain's Got Talent semi-final performance
Nabil Abdulrashid left the Britain's Got Talent judges in tears of laughter in this evening's semi-final.
Who's on Britain's Got Talent 2020 tonight? Fifth semi-final line up revealed
Here's tonight's Britain's Got Talent 2020 semi-final line up with the acts performing on in this evening's October 3 show.
Britain's Got Talent 2020: Fifth semi-final line up revealed - Meet this week's contestants
The fifth line up of contestants for this weekend's October 3 Britain's Got Talent 2020's semi-final have been confirmed.
Britain's Got Talent spoilers: See a first look at Saturday's semi-final line up
Here's a first look at this weekend's BGT 2020 semi-final and contestants.
Britain's Got Talent 2020 golden buzzer acts revealed
Here's a recap of the Britain's Got Talent golden buzzer acts of 2020 in the semi-finals.
Alesha Dixon gives Britain's Got Talent golden buzzer to comedian Nabil Abdulrashid
Alesha Dixon handed out her golden buzzer on Britain's Got Talent 2020 this weekend.


The construction & engineering industry is experiencing the benefits of economic recovery, with residential and large scale infrastructure projects driving expansion in the UK to meet consumer and government demand. In addition, the UK construction & engineering sector remains at the forefront of global development and continues to furnish investors, developers, designers, engineers, project managers and contractors in every continent.
Yet all property and infrastructure projects, regardless of size or prevailing economic conditions, remain sensitive to time, cost and regulatory pressures. Legal advice by lawyers with an in-depth understanding of the processes and risks specific to the construction & engineering industry are a key part of ensuring delivery, managing risk, controlling spend and preventing disputes on a project. If disputes cannot be avoided, clients want advice that resolves these in a straightforward and focused manner to achieve the desired outcome, promptly and using the best route available. We cover all these areas and more.
Our construction & engineering team has built a strong reputation in the market as a result of working with consultants, developers, investors, contractors, insurers and the public sector throughout the life of construction & engineering projects, handling all types of contentious and non-contentious matters. The types of projects we advise on are incredibly diverse. Recent work includes luxury residential buildings, retail and tourist developments, airports, ports, hospitals, highways and road networks in the UK and Ireland, Continental Europe, the Middle East, South America and Asia Pacific in particular.
We advise on everything from procurement, contractual terms and insurance arrangements through risk management and project completion. We also handle all disputes that may arise, including professional liability, defect liability, delays, intellectual property, fee, final account and contractual claims and regulatory and criminal prosecutions. Our lawyers offer extensive experience assisting clients in the meaning and interpretation of clauses within all standard forms of construction & engineering contracts, including JCT, NEC, ICC, MF, IChemE and FIDIC contracts (in all their variations) as well as the less frequent types.
Our commitment to the industry includes working with leading professional organisations and schemes to provide a range of training and additional legal services to support construction & engineering businesses and professionals from every standpoint.
How should the Northern Ireland construction industry prepare itself in the event of a 'hard' Brexit?


LAS VEGAS DAZE: Vegas in June with friends for Grazie Summer Gift Show!
Vegas in June with friends for Grazie Summer Gift Show!
The flight out of San Jose Airport on Southwest was on time and arrived at McCarran a few minutes early!
I didn't have to wait long for my luggage and my limo driver quickly drove me to Palazzo where VIP registration had me in one of my favorite suites in the 900 even section on a high floor.
After dropping my luggage off in my room it was time to meet my friend Leah for lunch at Yardbird!
It was restaurant week but both of us passed on the menu because we didn't want so much food, however it was a great deal.
I like spicy drinks and they didn't have any on their speciality drink menu but our server suggested that the bartender could make me a spicy jalapeño Margarita and it was very good!
Leah and I share the appetizer BLT which is Pork Belly, Greens, Tomato Jam and house made Pimento Cheese. It was tasty!
Both of us ordered the light and delicious Mango Salad with the addition of seared Florida Shrimp.
After lunch we met up with Bill and his brother Nick to go to the Grazie Summer Gift Show and on our way there ran into our friend Alicia (Ladyclare). Alicia was in town for fun and also to work at EDC which would start in a couple days.
After a chat and a photo op, Alicia continued on to the casino and we went to the gift show. I would see Alicia later this night and we had a fun chat catching up on things.
It was early afternoon and on a weekday so no crowds to contend with, so checkin was quick. We were told they were expecting big crowds that weekend and the lines would be long then.
Summer Grazie gift points could be traded in for gift cards from Macys, Best Buy and other retailers or for slot credits in addition to the gifts on display.
Assorted photos of the gift displays.
I ended up being boring and cashing in my points for $700.00 worth of Macy's gift Cards.
In addition to flavored waters and coffee they had a photo station set up with a Vegas/Venetian backdrop and we all received a complimentary photo in a nice simulated leather holder.
After the Grazie gift show we went our separate ways gambling while I met up with my friend Julie who was also staying at Palazzo with her husband for her birthday.
We decided to pool our money and play slots together in the Venetian High Limit Room. Julie suggested the dollar Sky Rider slot machine so we started to play that. At first it was slow going though we did have a hit for $106.00.
Then all of a sudden boom, we got four rows of Sky Rider symbols for a hand pay of $1450.00!
Two happy ladies! Julie and I had fun playing some other slots together but this was the only Jackpot.
After Julie and I split up, I decided to play some Monopoly Luxury Diamonds to see if I could hit a jackpot on it like Gwen did at Aria in May.
I had some nice hits on it, but no jackpot for me!
I was having dinner with Leah tonight so we met up to play slots for a bit before dinner, slots like The Walking Dead, Hangover Pretty Awesome, Ellen and a couple others but no luck so no photos. We did have a bit of a fright when Leah briefly lost her iPhone 6 at one of the slots, but fortunately a honest person handed it in to security and they were just logging Leah's phone in to lost and found when we went up to report the loss. Whew! Thank goodness for the honesty of the person who found Leah's phone!
Dinner tonight was at one of my favorites, Tao Restaurant! We had a nice corner booth and service was great, we were ordering drinks immediately. Leah knows her champagne and wines and picked out a great bottle of champagne for our dinner. It went down so easy!
Every now and then Tao tweaks their menu. This is the latest version with a new entree or two.
Leah also had a California roll or sushi, not sure what as I don't eat that.
Of course I had to order my favorite which is the miso glazed Chilean Sea Bass and it was great as always. I believe Leah also ordered and enjoyed the Sea Bass.
Dinner was delicious, our conversation was lively and we ended a wonderful dinner by sharing the Giant Fortune Cookie dessert that has chocolate mousse on one side of the cookies and vanilla on the other side. Thanks Leah for a great dinner!
After dinner Leah and I played some slots in the Venetian High Limit Room and this was my best hit on dollar Quick Hit for the trip. Leah had some bonuses on Wheel of Fortune but nothing big.
A couple ladies who like my blog and youtube channel contacted me to meet up in Vegas this trip. Since it was a short two day trip I asked them to both meet me at the same time outside the Venetian HL room where Leah and I had just finished gambling. Candy and Claudia were lovely and fun ladies and we decided to pool some money together and play a couple slots together, while Leah went off to play some of her favorite slots as she was leaving in the morning.
We had fun on some Hangover Pretty Awesome slots and 88 Fortunes but unfortunately ended up losing our money. While this was the only evening I saw Candy I did see Claudia the next day and we played Lord of the Rings together but again lost. Sorry ladies, next time we will be winners!!
After Candy, Claudia and I were done playing slots and had gone our separate ways I ran into Jason and Des in the casino! Jason and Des are friends who had just gotten married the day before in California and were spending part of their honeymoon in Vegas. We had a nice chat and I would see them again the next day for a lunch we had planned for this trip.
For the rest of the night it was slots, slots, slots, though I would run into Jason, Des, Bill and Nick at various times to socialize.
No big jackpots were won, I guess I needed Julie with me in order to hit another one, but I did have some decent to good hits during the night.
The hit below was on Mermaid's Fantasy a new slot that I really liked.
Always have to play the original and in my opinion the best of the Goldfish Slot Machines.
For the last 6 months, I can't stay away from the 88 Fortunes slot or as my friend Gwen says the crack of slots!
I went to bed around 3am that night and awoke in the morning to my favorite view at Palazzo overlooking the strip and the High Roller Wheel. I also used to like the view of Treasure Island with the Pirate show but of course Treasure Island ruined that view when they replaced it with shopping and restaurants.
Lunch with Jason, Dessie, their daughter Kadie, Jason's sister Sidney, Bill and Nick at Grand Lux. Jason and Sidney shared a sausage, mushroom, pepperoni pizza.
Des had a reuben with side salad.
Below my Sonoma Salad that I frequently order. It was great catching up with Des and Jason, and hearing about their plans for a honeymoon cruise. Their daughter Kadie is a cutie and Jason's sister Sidney was very sweet. Jason also had a friend with him that he was taking to the airport that day who was nice and of course as always Bill and Nick are a blast, so it was a fun lunch!
After Mermaid Fantasy I had fun and some good wins on various slots!
Back to Sky Rider slot in the Venetian HL room for a couple minor hits.
I can never get the bonus on the penny version of Sky Rider but I had several on the dollar version but unfortunately no jackpots!
Best win for the day was a bonus on dollar Davinci Diamonds in the Venetian HL room. Here's the video of it for those who enjoy Davinci Diamonds!
After dinner Noleman and I went to Venetian where we gambled for about 3 or so hours. Unfortunately all I could do was lose though Noleman was doing fine.
I played so many slots that evening and all I had to show for it were a few minor wins and numerous losses.
While Noleman and I were playing slots we ran into Bill and his brother Nick and they were having a lucky trip with lots of hand pays, especially Nick!
We also found Jason and Des back at Palazzo playing slots with Bill and Nick and they were having some luck too. Defeated at gambling at Palazzo this evening, LOL, I said goodnight to all and walked Noleman out to the taxi line.
It was time to get some sleep as I had to get up early and catch a flight to Reno where my friend Manette was picking me up to take me to Lake Tahoe for a Meet that the JWE (Joker's Wild Gambling Emporium) message board was having there.
Lake Tahoe was beautiful, the Meet was fun, a record number of hand pays were hit by many of the attendees at the Meet, including one on $5 Cash Wheel at Harrahs for $5,000 that Jason and I shared!
I have some live play of us hitting this jackpot at the below link if you want to watch it. We weren't excited at all, LMAO!
I hope to return to Lake Tahoe next year as it's a great vacation destination. If you would like to read about the Meet at Lake Tahoe you will find a live trip report thread on it at the JWE forum.
After Lake Tahoe, Manette drove me back home and I had only 2 weeks before I would be returning to Las Vegas to meet up with my Mother and friends for my birthday trip. I'm still in the process of writing that trip report up but eventually it will be here on the blog! Cheers!
I love your blog! I've been waiting for a new post. :) Thank you!! My husband can even recognize your voice when I am watching live play on YouTube. (also sdguy) Ha! Quick question....Do you have any experience with the prestige level at the Palazzo? We are considering upgrading in December, but are curious about the type of food offered for breakfast. (i.e. Is it just cereal and danish? ) Any information you have would definitely help inform our decision. Thanks! Best Wishes and Good Luck!
Sorry since I'm comped and Platinum level with Grazie, I have access to the VIP lounge that has food 24 hours so I have never upgraded to the Prestige level at Palazzo. You might ask that question on the Vegas board of Trip Advisor as I believe I've seen posts before from people who have stayed on the prestige level. I think V/P has some good room deals at the moment that include a room service breakfast so you might want to consider that if the pricing is good for that on your December dates.
Thanks for letting me know you love the blog and videos! I'll be back at Aria with sdguy in late September for a convention we are going too so hope to have a few videos of us together.
Have a fabulous time on your December Vegas trip and good luck!
Great report as usual....they always make me hungry! We had a great time at L'Atelier de Joel Robuchon in London and the whole service and food experience was amazing - I'd definitely recommend it if you're ever over here :) We'll have to check out the one in Vegas now so we can do a comparison.
Enjoy your September trip and I'll keep my fingers crossed for a few handpays!
I saw your photos of dinner at L'Atelier and I could tell it was amazing, so glad you have a great birthday weekend! I haven't been to London for 8 years now but will eventually be traveling overseas again and will keep it in mind. I think you doing a comparison to the one in Vegas is a great idea!
Thanks, September is for G2e mainly but I'm sure I'll get my gamble in too!
hugs to you and Andrea!
I love your blog and it is a real treat to read it all and look at the pictures. Keep up the good work!
Thanks Garrett, it's always great to hear someone enjoys my blog!
How about you jetting back and forth between Reno and Vegas LOL!! You did it for the sight seeing right???? Another awesome TR ..will see you next month to hit the big one!!! Cheers!!!
LOL Mike, actually I did do that trip for the sight seeing, I still prefer Vegas over Tahoe. :) However, we had a nice boat ride on the lake and the beautiful scenery and cooler weather was a nice change from Vegas in June.
See you next month and hope you are psychic about hitting the big jackpot!
I love readings your TRs because it preps me for my next trip. I always show my friends your blog, and say "we have to play this!" or "we have to eat there!"
Have a safe and fun trip this week!
Darn it Mary, sorry we are missing by a day or so again. Have a fabulous winning trip at Palazzo this weekend.
When you want to get together for lunch, just let me know!


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Aga Khan IV Quotes
A collection of quotes and sayings by Aga Khan IV on religion, determination, understanding, tolerance, survival, powerful, humans, struggle, and development.
7 Inspiring Quotes By Aga Khan IV That Will Help You To Get Down To Business
Famous As: Imam of Nizari Ismailis
Born On: December 13, 1936
Born In: Geneva, Switzerland
Founder / Co Founder: Nation Media Group, Aga Khan Development Network, Aga Khan Foundation, Development Credit Bank, Institute of Ismaili Studies, University of Central Asia, Alisarda
Aga Khan IV is an eminent Imam of Nizari Ismailism. He is also a business tycoon, breeder, and racehorse owner. He is the chairman and founder of the 'Aga Khan Development Network.' The firm is one of the largest private development networks across the globe. It works towards education, microfinance, environment, rural development, health, disaster reduction, architecture etc. We bring to you a corpus of empowering and popular quotes and sayings by Aga Khan IV which have been gathered from his works, thoughts, speeches, public utterances, interviews and life. Let us browse through the insightful and motivational quotes and thoughts by Aga Khan IV on opportunity, Islamic, ethics, humility, men, democracy, world, community, identity, world, greed, generosity, existence, money, society, identity and more.
Spiritual & Religious Leaders
A secure pluralistic society requires communities that are educated and confident both in the identity and depth of their own traditions and in those of their neighbours.
Aga Khan IV
There is nothing wrong with being well off as long as money has a social and ethical value and is not the object of one's own greed.
You cannot take one set of issues from one country and apply it to another. They are all different, in terms of history, and the religious compositions of the populations involved.
You History
My duties are wider than those of the Pope. The Pope is only concerned with the spiritual welfare of his flock.
Pluralism is no longer simply an asset or a prerequisite for progress and development; it is vital to our existence.
If you try to put social and cultural development ahead of economic development, it doesn't work. You have to do it all together.
You Together
The search for justice and security, the struggle for equality of opportunity, the quest for tolerance and harmony, the pursuit of human dignity - these are moral imperatives which we must work towards and think about on a daily basis.
51 Thought-Provoking Quotes By Thomas More To Ponder
90 Famous quotes by Benjamin Disraeli, The Author of Two Nations
28 Inspiring Quotes By Laurence Sterne That You Will Enjoy
46 Top Edward Bulwer-Lytton Quotes On Heart, Dreams, Happiness, Peace, Life Etc
20 Insightful Quotes By Jerry Springer
14 Thought-Provoking Quotes By Charles Kingsley That Will Enlighten Your Spiritual Side
10 Top Quotes From The Diary of Samuel Pepys
57 Inspirational Quotes By Winston Churchill To Live By
13 Top Clement Attlee Quotes


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> Workloads
Changes in the academic environment make considerable demands on staff: more responsibility, pressure to publish papers and to apply for research funding, a better command of spoken and written English, the digitalisation of teaching and greater supervision of students. In addition, financial uncertainty is making it increasingly difficult to offer staff a permanent contract. Universities are looking for ways of alleviating this pressure and uncertainty.
What are universities doing to reduce the perceived workload among researchers and the ever greater pressure to perform?
Universities are taking the concerns over work pressure seriously. In 2015, for example, the parties involved in negotiating the collective labour agreement agreed that researchers on a temporary contract would be given time and training to write grant applications during their usual working hours. And if they are suited to a career as a university lecturer, and indeed aspire to become one, researchers are also given sufficient scope within their usual working hours to acquire the teaching qualifications that they need. In 2016, an exploratory report (Dutch Only)on work pressure was published on behalf of SoFoKleS (the Social Fund for the Knowledge Sector).
Research was also carried out into the factors that influence the pressure to perform that is felt by academic staff. This report (Dutch only) was published in 2017 and offers universities tools for tackling the workload of staff and the pressure that they feel to perform.
A local approach at each university
In tackling the workload problem, the individual circumstances of the university, faculty and department in question must be taken into account as much as possible. Parties therefore made an agreement in the CAO that by the end of 2017 at the latest, every university would draw up a plan to address work pressure and long-term employability in consultation with local employees' organisations. These plans can be found on the right side of this page.
From quantity to quality in research
Since 2015 the new research evaluation protocol (SEP) has also been in force, in which 'productivity' is no longer listed as a separate criterion. More is not better. Quality and impact of academic research (socially, scientifically and economically speaking) must be the guiding principles. This can also help to reduce workloads.


The following prices are for guidance only. All requests will be individually priced and agreed with yourselves before any work is carried out. This list is not all inclusive! If you have other administrative needs, contact us today to learn how a virtual assistant can help you find the solution.


AO SNAKE is a handcrafted necklace from FAVINI valuable paper, paper from magazines, KODAK photographic paper, developed in a sinuous spiral weaving. As the name suggests, the geometric architecture of the necklace recalls the coils of a snake, a clear reference to nature, the source of inspiration of Arual Dem paper jewellery. Primordial shapes, to remind us of our roots, which as they evolve create complex and suggestive structures. Textures form the plot of a story.
Due to the handcrafted nature of this item, slight alterations may occur in the final item due to the folding of the papers.
This piece is not waterproof, but the paper is very resistant for its intrinsic qualities. A water-based glue is used to preserve the white side of paper (Favini Twist paper) and the magazines' paper. The rest of the paper is not treated in order not to lose the particularity of its texture. But the weaving and textures make the paper incredibly resistant over time. However, take care of your jewelry made entirely by hand: do not expose it to excessive heat sources and do not immerse it in liquids. Therefore no shower, sea or pool with it, but a few drops of rain can withstand very well, otherwise with the umbrella everything is solved! This item is surprisingly strong, however, like all jewellery, it should be treated with care. Do not store with other heavy objects pressing against and pay attention also to perfumes and make-up.


-I get annoyed when the protagonist cant decide who to pick so please no love triangles.
You'd probably like W Juliet.
Touch and Maison Ikkoku are very fine romantic/comedic/dramatic series, completed.
Honey and Clover is a more recent, very good story, but it is also very much about life in general in addition to just romance. But highly recommended.
Cross Game is good as well but it is still ongoing.
The great thing about these series is that they focus on love and romance but not superficial "drama" like you mentioned.


The fellowship covers symposium fees and hotel and a little misc.
Thanks to ALSTDI, RobG for coordinating this.
This is the second year for this program. It's an important step in getting actual experts living with ALS there with the scientists at the largest annual gathering on ALS research. You can see some comments from last year's Fellows on the website.
I hope some folks here will apply, and thanks if you can help spread the word.
Thanks! You might want to update the bit that says travel to and from Boston!
The MNDA symposia are great experiences. I have attended 2 and Glasgow will be my third. The scientific sessions are awesome if you are into hard science. There is a clinical track too and then poster sessions. It is a busy 3 days!
NikkiJ, Thanks for the catch!
Hope to see you in Glasgow.
If you can get to Glasgow in December and have an interest in the science, this is a wonderful opportunity.
Last year's participant thoughts/observations can be seen on the website. People who have the most expertise in ALS, those who actually have it, are an essential addition to these scientific meetings. Please help spread the word. Thanks.


I am a 20 years old looking for a future in this industry, I am outgoing and enjoy meeting new people, I like trying new things and being creative. I am very photogenic and don't mind making effort with my appearance. My green eyes are real! I am shy at first but once I get used to you; I will be the funniest and best person to be around, I am a plus size beign a 12 to 14 in dress size & I am not ashamed of it big girls are beautiful too. ;p I'm more than willing too share/send more photos on request as you are limited on here!
As I am a beginner, I don't have a rate for local photographers, as they can help me build up me portfolio as well as their own, but only if they live in or around the Leeds area but depending the situation I am willing too travel! All messages, enquirers or questions are welcome!


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Ефект простого — складного — когнітивне упередження, що проявляється в схильності людей переоцінювати ймовірність успішного виконання ними завдання, сприйманого як складне, та недооцінювати можливість успіху в завданні, сприйманому як просте. Прикладом ефекту простого — складного є прояв особою недовпевненості при відповіді на відносно прості запитання та надвпевненості при відповіді на відносно складні запитання. «Складні завдання мають схильність створювати надвпевненість та гірше середнього сприйняття, в той час як прості завдання мають схильність створювати недовпевненість та ліпші середнього результати», — Кетерин Берсон, Річард Ларрік та Джек Солл у дослідженні 2005 року.

Ефект простого — складного є частиною , вперше сформульованої Леоном Фестінґером 1954 року. Фестінґер твердив, що люди тяжіють до точної оцінки власних поглядів та здібностей, а теорія соціального порівняння пояснює, як люди здійснюють ці оцінки, порівнюючи самих себе з іншими.

1980 року Феррелл та Макґой дали цьому упередженню назву ефект дискрімінаційності; 1992 року Ґріффін і Тверскі назвали його ефектом складності.

Див. також

 Список когнітивних упереджень — системні шаблони відхилення від норми або раціональність в судженнях
 Ефект надвпевненості — упередження, за якого суб'єктивна впевненість особи у власних судженнях є вищою за об'єктивну точність цих суджень

Примітки

Посилання

 Fajfar, Pablo. «An analysis of calibration; the hard-easy effect and the emotional disappointment of overconfident behavior: Some experimental evidences » An analysis of calibration; the hard-easy effect and the emotional disappointment of overconfident behavior: Some experimental evidences
 Moore, Don & Healy, Paul J. «The Trouble with Overconfidence»

Пізнання
Когнітивні упередження
Парадокси прийняття рішень


text:
Mahdí ibn Alí fou el segon emir de la dinastia màhdida del Iemen. Era fill del fundador Alí ibn Mahdí, a qui va succeir a la seva mort en 1159 a Zabid.

Va consolidar el seu poder sobre l'antic territori de la dinastia najàhida a la Tihama i va ajustar la pau amb els zuràyides d'Aden i Dumluwa. Va fer expedicions dirigides cap al sud, especialment contra Lahej i al-Djanad. Va morir el 1163 i el va succeir el seu germà Abd-an-Nabí ibn Alí, tot i que és possible que haguessin governat plegats, amb Mahdí encarregant-se dels afers militars i Abd-an-Nabí dels civils.

Referències

Bibliografia
 Ali ben al-Hasan al-Khazradji, The pearls-strings: a history of the Resuliyy dinasty of Yemen, traducció de Sir James W. Redhouse, Leyden i Londres, 1906

Polítics iemenites
Emirs