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Flow is a new automation tool just like IFTTT – but Microsoft made it
Microsoft made an IFTTT-like tool. Unfortunately, it's not quite ready to debut.
IFTTT, also known as If This Then That, is a popular tool that allows you to connect web services to get things done in an automated manner. For instance, you could implement a "recipe" so that whenever you tweet a photo, it gets saved to your Dropbox. The possibilities are endless.
Twitter user h0x0d discovered Microsoft Flow. It's a preview service that also connects services together. You can connect, for instance, Twitter, Slack, Google Drive, Dropbox, and Office 365. Flow also suggests several "flows" (aka recipes), such as "save tweets to a CSV file in Dropbox".
Microsoft published this blog post about the tool, which is called Flow, and then it removed the post (though you can still access it via cache). Interestingly, it also offers this "Getting started" FAQ page, which will walk you through how Flow works. That page hasn't been removed yet.
Flow went live yesterday as a preview, and it's not yet clear when it'll go public. But you can go to the website now and browse through more than 35 services enabled in the Flow preview. Microsoft plans to add more every week.
READ: IFTTT explained
'A Beautiful Planet' offers a bold new look at Earth in IMAX 3D
IMAX films shot in space aren't anything new, but with A Beautiful Planet, longtime IMAX director Toni Myers still manages to show us entirely new perspectives of Earth. Shot on the International Space Station by several crews (including internet sensation Scott Kelly) and narrated by Jennifer Lawrence, it's a groundbreaking film in many respects: It's the first IMAX space feature to use digital cameras as well as off-the shelf shooters (the Canon EOS C500 and 1D-C). And it's also the first film from IMAX to use SpaceX's Dragon spacecraft to ship equipment to the ISS.
While A Beautiful Planet uses converted 3D footage (it wasn't shot with actual 3D cameras), there's still an immense sense of depth to the imagery. The film also evokes the Spaceship Earth concept, which centers on the idea that we're all traveling together on an organic craft with limited resources. It's hard not to be taken aback when you see how dry the Colorado River Basin appears from space, which has led to droughts in California and surrounding states, or when you see how much of Brazil's rainforests have been destroyed. In many ways, the film is a call to arms for the next generation of would-be environmentalists.
Back when the NASA's space shuttle was running, IMAX was able to get its large 2D and 3D cameras sent up fairly easily. But these days it's more difficult to get material into orbit, because there's no space shuttle for sending up large cargo. Luckily, modern digital filmmaking equipment is also far less cumbersome to deal with than it was during the days of the shuttle program. Not only are the cameras significantly smaller, but there's no need to handle large reels of IMAX film, which weighed around 10 pounds and could record only three minutes at a time. IMAX says the data packs used today are around the size of an iPhone and can record 30 minutes of 4K video. Astronauts were trained to use the cameras by cinematographer James Neihouse, and they were tasked with getting footage from more than 100 targets (though they were also told to "shoot what they saw").
Though much more convenient, there was a bit of a tradeoff with the new hardware. IMAX's older film cameras delivered stunning footage with a resolution comparable to 12K. But while the digital cameras might not pack in the same level of quality, their footage still looked astounding when projected in 3D on a full-size IMAX screen at Manhattan's AMC Loews Lincoln Square theater. And despite the lower resolution, the digital cameras still managed to outdo their predecessors with their ability to handle low-light shots.
"We would not have the nighttime scenes without the digital dynamic range," Myers said in a statement. "What the digital capture did was totally open up that night world to us, with stars, cities at night, lightning and other phenomena that you see at night, like aurora."
Those night scenes are indeed stunning. Viewing Earth in daylight conveys the immensity of the natural world, but at night you also see the impact of human civilization in cities ablaze with electricity. It's also a reminder of how different even neighboring societies can be: South Korea is one of the brightest spots on Earth at night, but it's almost complete darkness over the border in North Korea. On the natural side of things, the brief glimpses we get of aurora dancing across Earth's atmosphere look more like computer-generated effects than something organic.
Another first for the film: It took advantage of the International Space Station's "Cupola," a dome-like arrangement of seven large windows, giving astronauts an incredibly wide view outside the craft. That was helpful for their own work taking care of the ISS, but it also allowed for a wide variety of angles for recording footage of Earth. IMAX also developed a special shield that protected the windows when they weren't being used, which the astronauts were able to control.
A Beautiful Planet gives us a clear sense of what it's like to be on the ISS working alongside some of Earth's most talented astronauts. We see them exercise, shower and try to maintain a sense of normalcy in a zero-gravity environment. Sure, they're in space, but their jobs aren't exactly glamorous. Much of their time is spent running and maintaining experiments. The astronauts also didn't get any time off to shoot the film — they worked with what little personal time they had.
At only 45 minutes, the film is more of a showcase for its incredible footage instead of a deep think piece. (At times it feels like it was written mainly for children.) Still, it makes a big impact: You'll see things you've never seen before, and it gives you a broader sense of our impact on the environment. I'm sure we'll get an even more immersive space experience with 360-degree video or virtual reality eventually (Adr1ft comes close), but at this point, it's the closest thing to being in orbit.
20th Century Fox will skip Comic-Con to avoid trailer leaks
One of Comic-Con's biggest draws is always the exclusive trailer screenings for upcoming superhero and science fiction flicks. But now more than ever, those teasers are being recorded and leaked online, much to the frustration of Hollywood studios. The situation is so bad that 20th Century Fox, according to TheWrap and the LA Times, has decided to pull out of this year's convention. That means no sneaky-peeks of upcoming projects like Wolverine (3?), Maze Runner: The Death Cure or Assassin's Creed.
A number of trailers leaked at the show last year, including Deadpool, X-Men: Apocalypse and Warner Bros' Suicide Squad. Teasers that go out ahead of time supposedly hurt the studios in a few different ways: for one, they're usually uploaded in a lower resolution, potentially sullying people's perception of the film. For another, they break an otherwise perfectly planned marketing strategy, which again, studios fear dilute the film's impact with viewers. The counterargument, of course, is that any fan interest should be seen as a positive. If millions watch a leaked trailer, that means millions are now aware and potentially interested in the movie.
A Comic-Con spokesperson told The Verge: "There are a great many things that go into making a great panel presentation. For TV networks and movie studios, sometimes that includes exclusive footage, and while we have been very diligent in trying to prevent footage from being leaked, the truth is today's technology makes any guarantee difficult. We are working with our friends at the different studios and networks in hopes of finding a remedy that will be beneficial to them, us and most importantly the fans."
Source: TheWrap, The Verge, LA Times
Cortana won't let you search with Google in Windows 10
In what may come as no surprise, Microsoft won't let you use Cortana to perform a Google search anymore. While the digital assistant was capable of using a third-party search engine on Windows 10, the company announced this week that the "result is a compromised experience that is less reliable and predictable." So, to ensure that everything works well, Microsoft will only allow Cortana to launch the new Edge browser and find answers via Bing.
"Unfortunately, as Windows 10 has grown in adoption and usage, we have seen some software programs circumvent the design of Windows 10 and redirect you to search providers that were not designed to work with Cortana," GM of search and Cortana Ryan Gavin explained in a blog post. "The continuity of these types of task completion scenarios is disrupted if Cortana can't depend on Bing as the search provider and Microsoft Edge as the browser." In other words, using other apps led to a less reliable experience.
This doesn't mean you can't continue to use Google search and Chrome as your primary browser on your Windows 10 machine. You can certainly still do that, and set those and other third-party apps as the default option to hop around the internet. However, you'll want to keep in mind that Cortana will only provide answers to questions and lend a hand with tasks through Microsoft Edge and Bing.
Source: Microsoft
The director of 'Madagascar' takes on the wild west of VR
As the writer/director behind DreamWorks Animation's Madagascar, a blockbuster that spawned five sequels and one TV show, Eric Darnell could've easily hung up his hat and basked in his Hollywood legacy. But, instead, Darnell departed the studio he made famous last year to explore the "wild west" of virtual reality with Baobab, an animation studio he co-founded alongside Maureen Fan, the former VP of games at Zynga. At this year's Tribeca Film Festival, the two debuted their first effort, Invasion!, a VR short featuring a lovable, alien-thwarting bunny rabbit and a prologue narrated by Ethan Hawke.
"He's a big fan of VR, it turns out," says Darnell of Hawke's involvement.
Baobab's six-minute long computer-animated short tells a simple tale: Aliens come to Earth intent on a hostile takeover and are unwittingly defeated by a cute bunny. With its family-friendly tone, charming characters and clever physical humor, Invasion! is not unlike Darnell's past work. And it's precisely that familiarity that should have parents taking off their VR headsets and eagerly placing them on their children's heads.
"Our goal is to make stuff everybody can enjoy," says Darnell. "There's no reason to put in a dirty word or off-color joke if you can do something funny and appealing to a broad audience."
Believe it or not, this fluffy bunny thwarts a hostile alien takeover
Darnell drew inspiration for Invasion! from two classic sources: the original The War of the Worlds movie and Laurel and Hardy. The mash-up is immediately evident as Hawke's introductory narration is inspired by the H.G. Wells novel that inspired the original film and in the alien duo's bumbling comedy of errors. But whereas the current version of Invasion! centers on the bunny as the unwitting hero, originally Darnell had built the piece around the two aliens. And in that earlier version, which was available as a preview on Gear VR, the bunny died. It was a decision Darnell chalks up to lack of production time. "We didn't have time to animate it for the trailer," he says.
It also proved to be a great lesson in the do's and don'ts of VR filmmaking for Baobab. Early feedback from parents who'd seen the preview highlighted a key concern: Unlike watching a film in a theatre's communal setting, VR is an isolated experience which means parents have no way of monitoring and consoling children who've witnessed upsetting imagery or storylines (e.g. a dead bunny). Thus making them less likely to allow their children to participate in these VR experiences. And so it was decided the bunny should live.
That commitment to all-ages entertainment forms the backbone of Baobab Studios, which boasts animator Glen Keane (The Little Mermaid, Aladdin) and founding members of Pixar, DreamWorks Animations and Twitch as advisors. With that considerable brain trust behind them, Darnell and Fan hope to replicate the high-quality visuals and storytelling-centric ethos Darnell helped foster while at DreamWorks Animation and, in the process, transform VR from a niche novelty to a form of popular entertainment. Currently, the Bay Area-based studio has a slate of 12 projects in various stages of development. But given the early positive responses to Invasion!, Fan says it's likely the studio's sophomore effort will be episode two.
Eric Darnell (front left), Maureen Fan (front right) and the Baobab Studios team
"The audience chooses the franchises. We aren't the ones who choose the franchises," says Fan. "So by putting out this first one and seeing how much people like it, that's how we know whether or not we want to continue with additional episodes."
Indeed, the bulk of Baobab's output will rely on building strong episodic franchises the studio can continually revisit, though Darnell says longer-form, self-contained pieces are not out of the question. But, before Darnell can get to work on experiences that push past the 10-minute mark, he first needs to get viewers comfortable with the idea of spending time immersed in the virtual world.
"Our goal is to make stuff everybody can enjoy."
Eric Darnell, Baobab Studios
Much like Oculus Story Studio and Penrose Studios, Baobab has its own suite of proprietary VR creation tools. But where Baobab branches off from the pack is in its in-development conferencing software. Darnell says his team is hard at work on a system that would allow multiple users to collaborate, sketch storyboards, draw models and work on blocking and set design all within the virtual world.
"…As a director, I can point to things and highlight things and ask the modeler to make it 20 percent bigger and move that rock over there," he says. "And we're all in the same world. We're basically authoring our content, our VR experience inside of the medium. And that's super powerful."
The Baobab Studios team demos a build of Invasion!
Both Darnell and Fan are extremely bullish on VR's consumer prospects and are positioning Baobab as a platform-agnostic studio. So when Invasion! and other projects are released, you can expect to see them hit every storefront from Vive to the Rift to PlayStation VR. Just don't expect to see Baobab's early shorts released with much controller-based interactivity. Both Darnell and Fan believe that, at least for now, VR viewers still want to be passively entertained at the end of a long day and not overwhelmed with control schemes and physical engagement.
"For me, the magic is really in inspiring the viewer to make their own choice and yet they're getting the story I want them to get."
Image credits: Baobab Studios
Netflix is giving the Punisher his own show
Shortly after The Walking Dead star Jon Bernthal was tapped as the Punisher in season 2 of Marvel's Daredevil series, rumors circulated that the character would get its own show. Well, a few weeks after his debut, Netflix made the spin-off official. "The Punisher is back," a tweet making the announcement reads. "Locked and loaded."
The Punisher is back. Locked and loaded.https://t.co/nGKCa2taEV
— Netflix US (@netflix) April 29, 2016
Entertainment Weekly reports that Hannibal executive producer Steve Lightfoot will serve as showrunner and yes, Bernthal will return as Frank Castle for the series. Marvel and Netflix have certainly gotten cozy over the last year or so, with the debuts of Daredevil and Jessica Jones. The two also have Luke Cage and Iron Fist shows in the works, as well as a The Defenders miniseries. The addition of a standalone Punisher series brings the total number of projects between the comic publisher and the streaming service to six. Of course, details are scarce for now, so we'll likely be waiting a bit on a premiere date.
Source: Netflix (Twitter)
The best universal remote control
By Darryl Wilkinson and Grant Clauser
This post was done in partnership with The Wirecutter, a buyer's guide to the best technology. Read the full article here.
If you're looking for an easy-to-use universal remote to control up to eight devices, we recommend the Logitech Harmony 650. Seventy-five years after Zenith introduced the first remote control, we're still waiting for someone to make the perfect one, but the 650 is the best option for most people looking to simplify the operation of their home theater or media system. It's easier to program than any non-Harmony remote. Its backlit hard-button layout makes it simple to use, and it's way cheaper than other systems that are equally comprehensive.
Who needs a universal remote?
If sitting down to watch TV or a movie requires shuffling between several remotes, switching inputs, and powering multiple components at the same time, then a universal remote is for you. Though a bad universal remote simply combines the functions of several remotes into one device, a good universal remote not only eliminates coffee table clutter and the remote shuffle but also eliminates button pushes by combining multiple actions into one button press.
For example, instead of having to push separate buttons to turn on your TV, switch HDMI inputs, power on your AV receiver and change inputs there, turn on your Blu-ray player, and then—finally—press the play button to get your movie started, a good universal remote can reduce all of that to one command ("Play Movie") that you can access at the touch of a single button. Though this functionality used to be reserved for high-end professionally programmed systems, these days a few relatively inexpensive remotes can do the same complex jobs.
How we picked
Something from Logitech's Harmony lineup is your best option for a universal remote control these days.
A universal remote control has to be universal, meaning able to control all the components an average audio/video enthusiast could throw at it. A typical system will have five or six devices, including a TV (or projector), DVD/Blu-ray player, DVR, surround sound receiver, and maybe a media player (such as a Roku or Apple TV). It might also include a game system or two. A remote that can juggle eight devices at once will cover most systems. And because most devices rely on IR (infrared) control, an IR remote will be sufficient for most people.
The remote should also have a well-organized button layout or on-screen display, with the most important buttons (such as volume, pause, and play) easily accessible. An activity-based design, as described above, is also preferred. Finally, we wanted a remote that was easy to program. If you need a certificate in C++ to program it, that's too difficult.
If you scan Amazon and other online retailers for universal remotes, you'll find a lot of low-end replacement remotes. Philips used to sell a series of programmable remotes called Pronto, and Sony previously offered a couple of nice, now-discontinued universal remotes. The company called Universal Remote Control used to lead the pack with remotes like the URC-R40, but the company now focus almost exclusively on control systems for professional installation. We also tried out two app-only remotes, but concluded that a dedicated handheld remote works better for everyday control than a smartphone or tablet app. These days, selecting the best universal remote seems largely a matter of choosing the best Logitech Harmony device.
We can't find anything that beats the Harmony 650 in capability or user friendliness in this price range.
The Logitech Harmony 650 can coordinate the functions of up to eight components, is relatively simple to program using its MyHarmony software, and uses a smart, activity-based interface that simplifies control of your whole home theater. It can control IR (infrared) devices only, but it can't communicate over Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, so it isn't compatible with some recent devices.
Although the competition among good universal remote controls is relatively nonexistent, two of the key features that put the Harmony 650 above its challengers are an easy-to-read, backlit, color display and a built-in Remote Assistant function for troubleshooting. The display tells you what activity mode you're in (such as Watch TV, Watch Blu-ray, and Listen to CD) and displays icons for your favorite channels, so you don't have to remember the channel number every time you want to watch SyFy. The Remote Assistant feature is like a built-in help desk. If the remote fails to perform a task you expect it to (such as turn up the TV's volume), you can follow the Remote Assistant's guided suggestions to quickly resolve the problem.
For complex setups and non-IR devices
The Harmony Companion is for more advanced home theaters.
The Logitech Harmony Companion (previously called the Harmony Home Control) is a little harder to set up and use than the 650 due to its lack of an LCD display or backlit buttons, but it offers Wi-Fi and Bluetooth control (which many newer devices like Sonos wireless speakers and Amazon's Fire TV use) plus infrared blasters so you can hide your components in a cabinet and still control them. You can also use a smartphone or tablet app to control your system.
The Harmony Companion is made for tech-savvy people, and you can integrate it with several do-it-yourself home-automation hubs and smart devices, such as lights, locks, thermostats, and motorized shades, which is something few other universal remote controls can do. Further, the Harmony mobile app on a smartphone or tablet provides remote control and access to your system and smart devices from anywhere via the Internet. No other remote control we can find offers this much control, connectivity, and compatibility for the money.
For theater enthusiasts and serious smart-home tinkerers
The full-featured Harmony Elite.
The Harmony Elite is Harmony's flagship remote, and its standout feature is its built-in color touchscreen. Instead of pressing hard buttons for movies, TV, or music, for instance, you scroll up and down on the screen for your activity and tap that. The screen then switches to pages customized for that activity, and the control options can go satisfyingly deep. And you can even customize all the activity names. This is also the remote for you if you have a lot of gear—it can control up to 15 devices, potentially replacing up to 15 other remotes.
Although the Elite is a pleasure to use, it also costs around $200 more than the Companion. It's the king of do-it-yourself remotes, but it comes with a kingly price.
A cheap universal remote
The Harmony 350 controls eight devices at a cheaper price than the 650.
We think the 650 is a great value for what it offers, especially for something you'll be using multiple times per day, every day. If its price is too much of a stretch, the Harmony 350 also controls eight devices and is very similar to the 650. However, the loss of the screen means it isn't as simple to use. Plus, its buttons aren't backlit and it also lacks the interactive help feature.
This guide may have been updated by The Wirecutter. To see the current recommendation, please go here.
Samsung brings nightly storytime into VR for busy parents
Parents don't always have a chance to read to their kids at night — especially if they're traveling, or working late. Samsung is working on a potential solution for this modern dilemma: BedTime VR Stories, a new Gear VR app that lets parents experience a story together with their children. At first, it might seem like a dystopian realization of a sad, disconnected future (especially when the mother and daughter in Samsung's video try to hold hands, only to reach out into nothing). But there's certainly potential, especially for busy parents who want to do more than just video chat with their kids before bed.
Of course, you'll need two Gear VR headsets to use the app, as well as two Samsung phones to shove inside them. (Check out the entire story in 360-degree video on YouTube). It's only being tested in the UK right now, and there's no word on how the company plans to release it on a wider scale.
There's one major problem with Bedtime VR Stories, though. After testing the Oculus Rift and HTC Vive for several weeks, I noticed they wreaked havoc on my sleep cycle. It's bad enough staring at blue light from your computer screen or phone at night — shoving a bright OLED screen against your eyeballs right before bed is a recipe for sleepless nights. That's not the sort of thing parents would welcome for their children.
The curious case of 'Quadrilateral Cowboy'
Game developer Brendon Chung is an easygoing guy when it comes to the creative process. He doesn't make elaborate plans regarding the scope of his projects; instead he goes wherever the flow takes him. It's been working out for him: His completed games — namely, Gravity Bone and Thirty Flights of Loving — are quirky experiences heralded for their punchy, emotive narratives, and they each took about six months to complete. Chung assumed his latest game, Quadrilateral Cowboy, would take roughly the same amount of time.
That was in 2012.
"This game has been six months away from completion for about three years now," Chung says.
He's been working on Quadrilateral Cowboy for years, but it's finally, actually going to hit PC, Mac and Linux later in 2016. Chung is in the final stages of fixing bugs, tweaking features based on feedback from playtesters and setting up Steam integration. It's his biggest project to date.
"This is going to sound kind of artsy-fartsy, but I get this feeling sometimes when I start writing, that it's not me anymore," Chung says. "The piece that you're writing just starts to kind of steer itself, in a way. The game did that to me."
Eager fans have been messaging Chung, asking when Quadrilateral Cowboy will finally be done or wondering if it's dead. There's demand for this game, and not just because Chung has a history of developing rich narrative experiences. He took Quadrilateral Cowboy on a whirlwind press and demo tour in 2013, earning the IndieCade Grand Jury Award, an honorable mention in the IGF Excellence in Narrative category, a spot at the prestigious E3 Horizon conference and a ton of attention from the media.
A lot of the buzz stemmed from Quadrilateral Cowboy's unique gameplay mechanic: coding. It's set in the clunky cyberpunk world of 1980s computer hacking, and players complete missions using a "top-of-the-line" rig with a 56.6k modem and a "staggering" 256K RAM. You'll solve puzzles by lugging the portable hacking deck to various locations and typing in lines of code to switch off alarm systems, open doors, deactivate lasers and generally sneak around collecting sensitive intel for clients. It's a mixture of a puzzle game and a quick-and-dirty programming lesson, set in a blocky, retro-tech world.
During Quadrilateral Cowboy's Great 2013 Press Tour, Chung really thought he would finish the game within six months. With a supposed launch imminent, he wanted to drum up excitement and ensure he had some sort of marketing presence — aspects of game development that Chung underestimated when he first entered the industry.
"I find that making people know that I exist is one of the more difficult things to do," he says. "You can make something really cool and you can make something people will like, but if people don't know how to find it and support you with money and income, then you're not going to make a second project."
Chung was spending nearly half of his time handling media requests and making sure people knew Quadrilateral Cowboy existed, which made it difficult to actually finish the game. Eventually, he took a break from marketing and went heads-down on development. That's when he realized it was a much larger project than he'd anticipated.
"The way I work is very organically, I guess is the nice way to put it," Chung says. "I don't really plan out what I want to do. I'll just make something and put it on the screen and see how it makes me feel, see how it plays, see how it feels."
Quadrilateral Cowboy felt big. As he worked, hype around the game crescendoed and then fell to a low hum. Suddenly, three years passed and Chung found himself answering inquiries about the game's death from fans. (The first question in the game's FAQs tries to head off those emails and tweets: "Is Quadrilateral Cowboy still being worked on?" Answer: "Yup!")
Aside from growing in size, the game hasn't changed too much from what Chung showed off in 2013. But, that year, his working situation shifted in a big way: He used to program at home, in his living room, but his personal and professional worlds started to bleed together in unhealthy ways.
"After a few years of doing that, it kind of started to — ah, what's the word? — it started to destroy me," Chung says. "It was all jumbled up in this big spaghetti pile. I just couldn't turn it off. Work was always available and thus I was always working."
A handful of his developer friends in Los Angeles found themselves in similar situations, so they pooled their resources and rented out a space in Culver City that they called Glitch City. It's now a hub of independent development and collaboration, churning out games like Hyper Light Drifter, Donut County, Last Life and, of course, Quadrilateral Cowboy.
"It pulled me out of that hole that I was falling into and now I have these very clear lines between work and not work," Chung says.
With an actual release approaching in 2016, Chung will probably try to get the Quadrilateral Cowboy hype train rolling again in the coming months. He built up buzz once, but that doesn't mean he'll be able to do it again.
"There are some things that I have control over in my life and some things I don't," Chung says. "I can control how good this game will be. I can control how much effort and energy I put into it, but as to how will people like this thing? Argh."
Chung has a clear picture of his audience, at least. He knows some people are intimidated by a game that asks them to code, but he's confident that anyone can pick up Quadrilateral Cowboy and have a great time with it. Really, anyone.
"My favorite thing at these shows is when kids come up to play it — like 10, 11, 12 years old," he says. "They don't have these preconceived notions that programming is this thing for geniuses or brilliant people….They'll just sit at the keyboard, they'll start banging on it, and they get it. They pick it up because they don't have all this baggage about what programming is. It's amazing. That's what I want."
'Doom' creators pull 'Blackroom' Kickstarter after four days
That lasted long. John Romero and Adrian Carmack, founders of the Doom and Quake developer iD Software, have already pulled the plug on their new Kickstarter project. The Blackroom campaign had been running for four days when the pair decided to press "pause," citing the need to make a gameplay demo. That's most likely so that their new, rebooted campaign can adhere to Kickstarter's own rules, which require "explicit demos of working prototypes" for any proposed physical product. The pair say finishing an early slice of Blackroom will take longer than the current campaign, which is why they've decided to end it so prematurely.
"We believe, however, it is the right choice," Carmack and Romero explain on the Blackroom Kickstarter page. "We know you do, too."
Blackroom was pitched as a "visceral, varied and violent shooter" inspired by the games both men worked on at iD Software. The Kickstarter had some early concept art, but otherwise it was just Carmack and Romero explaining what it would be about. You would take on the role of Santiago Sonore, an engineer at a fictional company called Hoxar. In the future, this firm develops a technology that can create ultra-realistic holographic worlds. When the simulations begins to mesh with our reality, it's up to Sonore to investigate and vanquish increasingly horrific aberrations.
While Romero and Carmack say they've decided to "suspend" the campaign, that's not technically possible on Kickstarter. They will, therefore, need to start again with a brand new campaign once their initial gameplay demo has been completed. The developers promise to honor backer achievements in their next campaign and say they'll be offering an extra something for those that decide to carry their pledge forward.
Via: Rock Paper Shotgun
Source: Kickstarter


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Is John Abraham Unhappy With Mumbai Saga's Digital-First Release On Amazon Prime Video?
Moumita Bhattacharjee
2020 has been a year of disappointments and despair for the film industry. With no shoots or releases, the movie industry across the country has incurred huge losses which will take a lot of time to offset. Producers took a decision to release their movies on OTT as cinema halls were closed for months. And that is still continuing with the recent addition of Mumbai Saga to the list. The Sanjay Gupta directed multi-starrer will now release on Amazon Prime Video. John Abraham, who plays a key role in the film, doesn't seem impressed with the decision. As Mumbai Saga Shoot Halts, Sanjay Gupta Utilises Coronavirus Lockdown to Script Shootout 3
Also Read | John Abraham, Emraan Hashmi Starrer Mumbai Saga to Have an OTT Release?
Why we are speculating that is because John liked a tweet of a film critic who slammed the decision of letting Mumbai Saga go for a digital-first release. Many might argue that it could be a mistake on the actor's part. We agree there is a possibility but you can't discount the fact that no actor who has tasted amazing box office success, would be highly kicked about an OTT release. It is not wrong to feel unhappy about it if you ask us.
Also Read | Not Only Salman Khan but Hrithik Roshan to Also Have a Cameo in Shah Rukh Khan Starrer Pathan?
John Abraham is having a great run at the box office with Parmanu, Satyamev Jayate and others. Guess he would have wanted the movie to release at the theatres like all of us.
Cold wave in parts of UP, Churk records 2.6 degrees C

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Lawyer Well-Being & Mental Health: Massachusetts LAP Blog
Home » Autism Awareness/Acceptance/Pride Month: Inclusion in the Legal Profession
Autism Awareness/Acceptance/Pride Month: Inclusion in the Legal Profession
Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion, Leadership, Legal Employers, Well-Being
This article is for informational purposes only. It is not intended to be used in place of professional advice, treatment, or care in any way. Lawyers, law students, judges, and other legal professionals in Massachusetts can find more on scheduling a Free & Confidential appointment with a licensed clinician here.
April is known as 'Autism Awareness Month' — but could do better as 'Autism Acceptance Month' or 'Autism Pride Month'.
Awareness is a necessary first step toward the ultimate goal of creating more inclusive spaces, which also requires us to listen to those with lived experience, and then to take action. The importance of listening to autistic people in our daily lives is shared along with a few basic tips for non-autistic people in this 2019 article from Jessica Chen for The Mighty, which also notes general concerns about the organization behind Autism "Awareness" Month, Autism Speaks, and explains why many autistic people would prefer this month to be called Autism 'Acceptance' Month or Autism 'Pride' Month.
We're using identity-first language and referring to "autistic people" and "autistic lawyers" throughout this post. We recognize that some autistic people prefer person-first language, i.e. "people with autism," within the context of the problematic implications of such person-first language, as laid out in this comprehensive case by autistic lawyer Lydia X.Z. Brown. Rather than attempt to summarize the points they make, we encourage our readers to read Lydia's full post on Identity-First Language, published by Autistic Self Advocacy Network, which includes links to a number of related articles. Understanding the debate about language is important, and as Lydia points out, it shouldn't be ignored entirely, dismissed simply as a matter of individual personal preference. This word choice in particular reflects a much deeper meaning, and autism "is an edifying and meaningful component of a person's identity, and it defines the ways in which an individual experiences and understands the world."
"Neurodiversity drives innovation," as Suzanne Hartness, COO of Gullett Sanford Robinson & Martin, pointed out in a 2020 program from the ABA, Great Minds Don't Always Think Alike: Neurodiversity in the Practice of Law. Whereas our individual reasons for inclusion may be guided by moral and humanitarian considerations, inclusive work environments are also clearly beneficial to for-profit firms from a business standpoint. (Related: The Business Case for Diversity is a Sinking Ship, Lily Zheng, 2019.) The ABA panel, which also featured Haley Moss, the first openly autistic lawyer admitted to the Florida Bar, and AJ Link, co-president of the National Disabled Law Students Association, shared a convincing business case for the risk-averse the legal industry, suggestions for non-autistic people to create more inclusive environments, and tips for neurodiverse individuals both to navigate and shape their environments.
Overcoming ableism is essential to the inclusion of neurodiverse and disabled people, and "often rests on the assumption that disabled people need to be 'fixed' in one form or another," as explained by the Center for Disability Rights. They explain ableism further as a "set of beliefs or practices that devalue and discriminate against people with physical, intellectual, or psychiatric disabilities… Ableism is intertwined in our culture, due to many limiting beliefs about what disability does or does not mean, how non-disabled people learn to treat people with disabilities and how we are often not included at the table for key decisions." The other major obstacles to inclusion discussed in the ABA program were unconscious and overt biases, stigma around self-disclosure, myths surrounding costs of accommodations; and fear of the unknown.
With 2.5 million autistic adults and as many as 80% under- or unemployed (according to the Autism @ Work Playbook), many firms and other organizations have already demonstrated how easily the benefits of creating an inclusive environment outweigh the costs: Ernst & Young, SAP, HP, Microsoft, and Dell. The foundation for efforts to include autistic individuals in work environments, as shared by the panel, requires autistic workers to be involved in decision-making, i.e. to be invited to the table and listened to. From there, Haley highlighted how organizations need to recognize that reasonable accommodations required by the ADA are a floor to inclusion, and that taking a more relational approach to supporting neurodiversity can create an environment in which disclosure of disability isn't required.
The panel provided tips for firms to manage the changes necessary to improve inclusion. They highlighted sample accommodations and common assumptions to reject, including the idea that autistic people lack empathy. The panel also cautioned against looking for "culture fit" when hiring, noting it can result in exclusion — rather, look for "cultural contribution" to welcome diversity.
For autistic individuals as well as anyone with other forms of neurodiversity, Haley shared important tools for self-advocacy. Noting that disclosure is a personal choice, she suggested phrasing requests for accommodations as statements about what would support our best work, i.e. "I work best when I have a quiet environment." or, "I work best when I have clear instructions."
Finally, as the panel discussed spaces that employers and other organizations in the profession can create to support inclusion, Suzanne suggested that lawyer assistance programs like LCL MA could offer support groups for neurodiverse members of the legal profession. We welcome autistic legal professionals to reach out to let us know if you're interested in a group and any preferences about its frequency or membership you might have. (You can find our current group listing here, which includes ADHD support — but currently no broader group for neurodiversity.)
Neurodiversity in the Practice of Law: Great Minds Don't Always Think Alike (ABA Law Practice Magazine, 2020)
Great Minds Think Differently: Neurodiversity for Lawyers and Other Professionals (Haley Moss, ABA, 2021)
ABA Study: Disabled, LGBTQ+ Lawyers Face Discrimination (ABA, 2020)
Transitioning Reasonable Accommodations from Law School to the Workplace (LCL MA Blog, 2020)
Prioritizing Accessibility: Law Firm On-Campus Interview Tips for Law Schools (NDLSA, 2020)
Free & Confidential Consultations:
Lawyers, law students, and judges in Massachusetts can discuss concerns with a licensed therapist, law practice advisor, or both. Find more on scheduling here.
CATEGORIES: Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion | Leadership | Legal Employers | Well-Being
TAGS: autism | disabilities | neurodiversity
Written By LCLMA Executive Director Stacey A. L. Best, Esq. RELATED: We Are LCL. [Part 1] As anyone who has…
Written By LCLMA Executive Director Stacey A. L. Best, Esq. I don't think myself an expert on issues related to…
Autism Inclusion Month 2022: Notes for the Legal Profession
April is recognized as Autism Inclusion Month. This post has been updated since its original publication in 2021. Awareness…
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Unless you're a teenager, you'll remember a time before our lives revolved so much around mobiles and computers. However, the ability to be technologically connected at all times is now central to many of our lives, to the point that we might feel some sense of withdrawal if we went a few days without checking our social media accounts. For some, this need for constant connectivity has become an addiction, and it makes many of us feel unable to genuinely switch off from work or social duties. Ironically, this virtual connection to the world can make us feel lonely and disconnected – the very feelings we are trying to use technology to help us avoid.
It would be safe to say that these modern problems are impossible to resolve without mindfulness. Daily activities and habits become so second-nature that we often find ourselves going through the motions with little memory of when or why we started. Yet by bringing our attention to the present moment, we can notice our behaviours and therefore start to make more conscious choices.
We reach for our phones or tablets reflexively now, almost in the same way we move our hand towards an itch so that we can scratch it. So it's important to slow down and really tap into our motivations. Next time your phone pings with a text, email or notification try noticing your immediate response. It might be, "That could be work, I better read it!" or "Maybe someone has replied to my tweet/facebook status." If it's the evening, why can't the work-related email wait until the morning? If someone has responded to a social media post, what does it mean to you that someone has responded? Or if your phone hasn't pinged for a while, and you're feeling a bit down about it, why is that?
There may be other things we use technology for that we don't need to, but we've just gotten so used to. For example, when was the last time you asked a person for directions, rather than reaching for your phone to look at Google maps? When you're doing a sum, do you ever try and do it in your head before finding the calculator function?
Using calculators and digital maps isn't wrong. In fact, they're very useful. But the problem comes when we use these useful things mindlessly. When we're mindless, we cut ourselves off from other possibilities, other ways of doing things which might also be fun or rewarding. Becoming more aware of our motivations and emotions around technology may not result in us not using it for certain things, but it enables us to make our actions less reflexive and more deliberate.
Anyone who has ever tried to overcome an addiction or habit by sheer willpower alone will know how challenging it can be. Using hard effort to change a behaviour is a largely ineffective method, and is why so many people get stuck in yo-yo dieting, cycles of sobriety and alcoholism, and why so many smokers have had a hundred "last" cigarettes.
We covered insomnia in our last blog post, and how that in order to improve our chances of falling asleep we must first accept and acknowledge why we're not falling asleep. Detoxing digitally works along the same lines. To start off with, all that is required is more awareness.
If we start noticing how much we rely on digital connection and communication, when we use it (late at night, when we're with family or friends), how it makes us feel (frustrated, isolated, over-stimulated) and how it affects other aspects of our lives (sleep, exercise, our connection with family, friends and nature) then using willpower starts to become unnecessary. This is because when we are present in what we are doing (i.e. checking emails dozens of times throughout the day) we notice its affect.
As an example say it's reading work emails before going to bed – it makes you feel agitated and unable to unwind. Once you're conscious of that feeling, and you know it's linked with your action of checking emails at night, you naturally won't want to be present in that agitation. Feeling the agitation of it, mindfully, is a little like noticing you've got a splinter. Once you know where the irritation is coming from, you're unlikely to leave it there. Without having to mentally motivate yourself to reach for the tweezers, you just pick them up and remove the splinter. In the same way, once we're aware, we naturally stop doing things that don't make us feel good. Living mindfully gives us more choice, and will help us use technology when it suits our real needs, rather than as a mindless reflex.


Growing up with music from an early age, Jonathan (Spy) began his education with the basics. From music theory and composition Spy began toying with music creation as early as Highschool.
Influenced by artists such as Tiësto, Paul Oakenfold, and Deadmau5, Spy began his career learning all he could about music. Upholding the ideology that he will never be done learning, Spy takes every opportunity he can to learn new methods and information, with a dream to one day blur the lines of all music styles into a crowd shattering sound and feel.


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CANCER IS A GLOBAL EPIDEMIC!
Global cancer cases are predicted to reach 26.4 million a year by 2030. In 2013, there were over 7.5 Million.
Cancer can be detected early, and may be preventable and treatable. Those whose lives have been touched by Cancer are in the ultimate position to spread their stories of challenge, hope, and inspiration to the world!
As you read Cancer: From Tears to Triumph, you'll feel inspiration wash over you as you read these amazing stories from across the globe, filled with hope and wisdom you can use to overcome obstacles and achieve lasting peace, happiness and fulfillment in your life. Every life holds an inspirational story and everyone has the power to inspire others. Cancer: From Tears To Triumph is a priceless guide that will show you the way to live by choice…not by chance.
Contributing authors in order of appearance: Nicola Grace, Alistair Smith, Marjorie Miles, David Dachinger, Sue Ellen Allen, Michael Foley, Robbi Hess, JW Najarian, Jill Mooradian, Bob Grasa, Kate Landsberry, J.K.Chua, Victoria Trabosh, Ellen Violette, Becca Solodon, Caleb Jorge, Roopa Chari, M.D., Hal Price, Dr. Anne Redelfs, Rod Adkins, Susan Jeffrey Busen, A. Michael Bloom, Robyn Howard-Anderson, Lindsay McCullough, Dennis Kane, Reverend George McLaird, Debbi Dachinger, Carrie Stepp, Allan Friedman, Carol Davies, Jessica Gonzalez, Lacy Taylor, Wendy Hancharick Rumrill, Robin Lynn Griffith, Priscilla D. Nelson and Viki Winterton.


When 7Sultans Casino opened in 1997, only 1.7% of the world's population had access to an internet connection, compared to almost half in 2016. Fast forward almost two decades and 7Sultans is still kicking on, providing online gamers with a wide variety of Microgaming slots, casino games and promotions. With a renowned history of security and great service, 7Sultans is a solid option for players of all kinds, regardless of bankroll, gaming interests and platform. Here's why.
What kind of player is 7Sultans Casino for?
7Sultans has a variety of different casino games, most of which are playable across desktop, smartphone and tablet. Its slots and live dealer games are serviced exclusively by Microgaming, which is one of the leading online gaming providers on the planet.
As part of the Fortune Lounge brand of casinos, 7Sultans has a fair range of exclusive games only found on its site, but you'll need to download and install the casino software to get the full range. Regardless of whether you choose to play in your browser, on mobile or through the desktop software, it would be hard not to find something that suits your tastes.
Being an online casino, 7Sultans is obliged to service and fall within different country legislation covering online gaming. It provides links to responsible gaming services for Canada and Australia, among others, while also offering a number of other services to help you manage your funds and gaming habits online.
All players from the above countries can take advantage of a number of fantastic welcome and gaming options when they sign up. The casino hosts a number of weekly tournaments and topical promotions, generally throwing thousands of dollars into large prize pools and online leaderboards.
These promotions can be spread out across live-dealer casino games, traditional casino games like blackjack and roulette, and slots, meaning you can get involved and play for real money while also automatically entering into some of the casino's best and most rewarding promotions. Some promotions require you to opt-in before you can participate, so make sure you take note of each promotion's terms and conditions.
The great thing about the promotions at 7Sultans and many other online casinos is that they add further value to your bankroll as you play online. Most promotions offer things like bonus credits, free spins, and sometimes even cash prizes, all on top of what you may have already won playing as normal, and without having to play any more than you may have normally played.
New Player Welcome Bonus: As soon as you sign up to 7Sultans and create a new account, you'll be made to feel welcome with a special new player bonus. This bonus is easy to claim, acting as a booster you can use to start playing right away.
You'll get $500 free in 100% deposit matches to make use of over a maximum of five deposits.
You can claim the bonus on your first deposit, or split it over multiple deposits. This bonus is only available to first-time depositing players, and you'll have 7 days to claim it.
If you make a withdraw before you claim the bonus, you will forfeit it, which can catch some players off-guard, so be sure to claim your bonus as soon as you make your first deposit.
International Casino Games: Slots players will have the opportunity to win a once-in-a-lifetime trip on a Mediterranean cruise ship. There's also 500,000 credits to be won.
Signing up to 7Sultans and making a deposit will enter you into the casino's loyalty program. Every cash casino game you play will earn you loyalty points, which can then be redeemed for free bets, special deals, bonuses and chips.
There are four loyalty levels in total: silver, gold, platinum and diamond. You earn points faster the higher up the loyalty ladder you are. Gold members for example are rewarded with five free points for every 100 points earned. There are some massive loyalty bonuses to earn each month, and if you're a diamond player you can earn up to 50,000 free credits in a month, pending you meet the minimum monthly points requirement. You'll also be gifted 2,500 free Rewards points with your first deposit as part of 7Sultans' welcome bonus.
All reward points are Euro-based, so all earnings and claims in other currencies will be converted to Euros.
You can redeem 1 cash credit with 1,000 points, but can only redeem cash credit in increments of 5,000 points.
Rewards points expire after 60 days.
Aside from these minimal restrictions, it's a great rewards program that can gift you some fantastic rewards, although it appears to be more rewarding the further up the loyalty ladder you are. Much like loyalty programs at land-based casinos, it can be a bit of grind to the top, but once you get there it's definitely worth the effort.
First up, let's talk about what 7Sultans' layout does well. On desktop, the 7Sultans experience can be sleek and fast. Aside from the standard in-your-face promotional features that prompt you to opt-in for Welcome Bonuses and whatever promotion the casino is running at the time, you can start playing almost immediately with a fast-loading search interface and menu that breaks down each main casino game category. It's nice each game has a total figure next to it, so at least you know straight off the bat how much variety is there for you to dive into.
The downloadable software suite, which will grant access to additional games not available on the browser and mobile version of the casino, is widely thought to be one of the better software-based casino variations available.
It's not perfect, though. We had to do a little digging to find the link to the downloadable software suite, despite pressing "download" and then being told to click "download" to start the install. Some of the promotions, like the cruise ship promotion, don't offer much in the way of information and conditions, and that was another thing we had to really dig deep for to find information on.
It's worth looking around to find the terms and conditions for certain games and promotions, just so you know what you're getting into. We think in this case it's less about the casino trying to hide it from you, and more about it just not being particularly well organised.
Overall, the 7Sultans' online casino is a mostly clean and functioning design, whether you're playing on desktop, mobile or tablet.
7Sultans works well on both Android and iOS devices, and the casino will automatically recognise you're playing on a portable device. It offers all of the same welcome bonus promotions and the like, along with some of Microgaming's most beloved slot games and casino games, including blackjack, roulette, video poker, and more.
It offers a fairly easy to use interface, allowing you to play directly through your smartphone or tablet's main Web browser. BlackBerry, Samsung, Windows Phone and Java are also supported, so rest assured that whatever mobile device you're using, you'll be able to enjoy the best of what 7Sultans has to offer.
No matter what your gaming interest, 7Sultans has you covered. There's fantastic variety on the games front, with more than 200 slots, 61 table games, 21 variants of video poker, and 16 different progressive jackpots to get involved in.
Mega Moolah – It's a Microgaming classic and for good reason. Its progressive jackpot is ready to make you a millionaire, having made people rich over night more than any other online slot. Its African theme keeps it grounded in good, clean gaming fun, with the chance to win one of four progressive jackpots its primary appeal.
Game Of Thrones – This slot offers 243 ways to win across 15 lines. Much like the HBO television series that it's based off of, Microgaming's Game Of Thrones slot is a confronting and thoroughly enjoyable slot that takes players on a journey into the Kingdoms of Westeros.
Cash Splash – One of Microgaming's oldest progressive slots, Cash Splace is a simplistic yet engaging game with a highly rewarding pay structure. A low maximum bet per spin makes it a fantastic game for players with a smaller bankroll.
Video Poker – If you're after video poker, you're absolutely spoiled for choice at 7Sultans. Titles like Jacks Or Better, Aces and Faces, Deuces Wild, not to mention plenty of great variants of Joker Poker, are sure to keep you entertained for long periods of time. There's also the multi-hand Power Poker, and Level-Up Poker progressive. There's no shortage on the Video Poker front, that's for sure!
Table Games – You're looking at about 60 traditional table games here, including favourites like Roulette, Blackjack, Baccarat, and Craps. Each table game has a number of different variants, including live-dealer versions if you'd rather not play a game that utilises a Random Number Generator.
Specialty Games – There are many other great games to play at 7Sultans aside from slots, traditional table games and progressives. There's literally hundreds of other virtual casino games on offer outside of the slots, as well as some great speciality games to try your hand at. Games like instant-win scratchies, keno, and bingo ensure there's plenty of gameplay variety available to you should you choose to try something different outside of tablet and slot games.
There are a number of different ways you can deposit and withdrawal options at 7Sultans casino, each safeguarded by 128-bit SSL (Secure Socket Layer) Digital Encryption. All of the deposit and withdrawal options available to you are listed at the top of this review, updated every week for any changes. The casino often hosts promotions that require you use certain methods, so be sure to keep an eye out on the promotions section of the site.
7Sultans is serviced by a full list of licensing and regulation details, and also has the eCOGRA Seal Of Approval for honest operation and fair play. It's good to know that playing at the site means you're playing in a safe and secure environment. All deposit and withdrawal options are protected by 128-bit SSL (Secure Socket Layer) Digital Encryption, which is considered the gold-standard of online fund security.
There's very little to fault with 7Sultans. The interface is mostly consistent and sleek, although some features and details are well-hidden, sending you in a loop trying to find the information you're after. The casino has a good reputation and employs top-tier safety protocols, so while it's not absolutely necessary to read the fine print, it would be nice to have it all a little more accessible, particularly for promotions.
Also, MasterCard credit card uses won't be able to withdraw to the card, which might cause hassles for some players. Visa card users, on the other hand, can withdraw to their card.
Being a Microgaming site, the exclusivity of the content could have easily been shallow, but with decades of experience and a long-standing reputation, the variety on offer is superb. The speciality games like the instant-win scratchies and keno offerings are a nice balance next to the hundreds of slots and table games on offer.
The loyalty system is a nice way to incentivise playing, with great rewards and bonuses the higher up the loyalty ladder you are. There are also some great welcome bonuses and promotions running at all times, so you know there are ways to improve your winnings outside of how you regularly play.
Most countries also have a toll-free number that is available.


Get friends with fairy tale creatures from the ancient legends in the stunning puzzle Mosaics Galore 2! Now you get a unique chance to travel to the fantasy world and rack your brains while solving the sets of ravishing patchwork puzzles. It's high time to see if you are smart and attentive enough to complete the challenging puzzles within the given amount of time. Are you ready to join the breathtaking adventure to the world full of miracles? Launch the game challenging Mosaics Galore 2 and enjoy the amazing game together with your new friends: trolls, orcs, fairies and wizards! The enchanted land needs your help again! The evil villain has kidnapped its magical beings and is keeping them imprisoned. Save them by putting together magical mosaics and collecting enchanted keys. Time to saddle up your unicorn and head off on an unforgettable adventure! The rules are simple enough: assemble the mosaics, complete it without mistakes and meet the given amount of time. Everything is easy but you can't tell the same about puzzles, they are really complicated. But you can always add extra time or use a hint for money you earned. Find the absent patchwork pieces, get money and buy bonuses to make your game easier. Increase the amount of given time or buy a helpful hint. When you are stuck, use them and the necessary puzzle piece will be highlighted. Fairy creatures are waiting for your help, so don't waste time! Mosaics Galore 2 is a collection of brainteasing mosaics made from different materials: wood, glass, paper, jewels, and metal. It's perfect for a brain workout, so do your best to cope with all the puzzles! Look at the picture and think over where the piece of patchwork will be suitable. Solve these patchwork puzzles and guess the picture: mystical locations, forest creatures, noble griffins, wise unicorns, legendary dragons, and forest elf or mountain gnome cities. Have fun in the colorful game Mosaics Galore 2!


Editor is a Create, Read, Update and Delete (CRUD) extension for DataTables that provides the ability to easily add, edit and delete rows on a database that is displayed by a DataTable. Editor provides a clean and responsive interface for end user manipulation of data, an expressive API for complete control and a well defined server communications protocol for data submission.
This simple example shows a table with seven fields, each of which can be edited as plain text. In other examples we will explore how to add date pickers, select elements and other controls to make form input intuitive for the system user, among many other aspects of the Editor API.


text:
package org.apache.commons.math3.linear;

import java.io.Serializable;

import org.apache.commons.math3.Field;
import org.apache.commons.math3.FieldElement;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.DimensionMismatchException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.MathArithmeticException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NotPositiveException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NullArgumentException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NumberIsTooSmallException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.OutOfRangeException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.util.LocalizedFormats;
import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathArrays;
import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathUtils;
import org.apache.commons.math3.util.OpenIntToFieldHashMap;

/**
 * This class implements the {@link FieldVector} interface with a {@link OpenIntToFieldHashMap} backing store.
 * <p>
 *  Caveat: This implementation assumes that, for any {@code x},
 *  the equality {@code x * 0d == 0d} holds. But it is is not true for
 *  {@code NaN}. Moreover, zero entries will lose their sign.
 *  Some operations (that involve {@code NaN} and/or infinities) may
 *  thus give incorrect results.
 * </p>
 * @param <T> the type of the field elements
 * @since 2.0
 */
public class SparseFieldVector<T extends FieldElement<T>> implements FieldVector<T>, Serializable {
    /**  Serialization identifier. */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7841233292190413362L;
    /** Field to which the elements belong. */
    private final Field<T> field;
    /** Entries of the vector. */
    private final OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T> entries;
    /** Dimension of the vector. */
    private final int virtualSize;

    /**
     * Build a 0-length vector.
     * Zero-length vectors may be used to initialize construction of vectors
     * by data gathering. We startToggle with zero-length and use either the {@link
     * #SparseFieldVector(SparseFieldVector, int)} constructor
     * or one of the {@code append} method ({@link #append(FieldVector)} or
     * {@link #append(SparseFieldVector)}) to gather data into this vector.
     *
     * @param field Field to which the elements belong.
     */
    public SparseFieldVector(Field<T> field) {
        this(field, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Construct a vector of zeroes.
     *
     * @param field Field to which the elements belong.
     * @param dimension Size of the vector.
     */
    public SparseFieldVector(Field<T> field, int dimension) {
        this.field = field;
        virtualSize = dimension;
        entries = new OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>(field);
    }

    /**
     * Build a resized vector, for use with append.
     *
     * @param v Original vector
     * @param resize Amount to add.
     */
    protected SparseFieldVector(SparseFieldVector<T> v, int resize) {
        field = v.field;
        virtualSize = v.getDimension() + resize;
        entries = new OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>(v.entries);
    }

    /**
     * Build a vector with known the sparseness (for advanced use only).
     *
     * @param field Field to which the elements belong.
     * @param dimension Size of the vector.
     * @param expectedSize Expected number of non-zero entries.
     */
    public SparseFieldVector(Field<T> field, int dimension, int expectedSize) {
        this.field = field;
        virtualSize = dimension;
        entries = new OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>(field,expectedSize);
    }

    /**
     * Create from a Field array.
     * Only non-zero entries will be stored.
     *
     * @param field Field to which the elements belong.
     * @param values Set of values to create from.
     * @exception NullArgumentException if values is null
     */
    public SparseFieldVector(Field<T> field, T[] values) throws NullArgumentException {
        MathUtils.checkNotNull(values);
        this.field = field;
        virtualSize = values.length;
        entries = new OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>(field);
        for (int key = 0; key < values.length; key++) {
            T value = values[key];
            entries.put(key, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Copy constructor.
     *
     * @param v Instance to copy.
     */
    public SparseFieldVector(SparseFieldVector<T> v) {
        field = v.field;
        virtualSize = v.getDimension();
        entries = new OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>(v.getEntries());
    }

    /**
     * Get the entries of this instance.
     *
     * @return the entries of this instance
     */
    private OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T> getEntries() {
        return entries;
    }

    /**
     * Optimized method to add sparse vectors.
     *
     * @param v Vector to add.
     * @return {@code this + v}.
     * @throws DimensionMismatchException if {@code v} is not the same size as
     * {@code this}.
     */
    public FieldVector<T> add(SparseFieldVector<T> v)
        throws DimensionMismatchException {
        checkVectorDimensions(v.getDimension());
        SparseFieldVector<T> res = (SparseFieldVector<T>)copy();
        OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>.Iterator iter = v.getEntries().iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            iter.advance();
            int key = iter.key();
            T value = iter.value();
            if (entries.containsKey(key)) {
                res.setEntry(key, entries.get(key).add(value));
            } else {
                res.setEntry(key, value);
            }
        }
        return res;

    }

    /**
     * Construct a vector by appending a vector to this vector.
     *
     * @param v Vector to append to this one.
     * @return a new vector.
     */
    public FieldVector<T> append(SparseFieldVector<T> v) {
        SparseFieldVector<T> res = new SparseFieldVector<T>(this, v.getDimension());
        OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>.Iterator iter = v.entries.iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            iter.advance();
            res.setEntry(iter.key() + virtualSize, iter.value());
        }
        return res;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> append(FieldVector<T> v) {
        if (v instanceof SparseFieldVector<?>) {
            return append((SparseFieldVector<T>) v);
        } else {
            final int n = v.getDimension();
            FieldVector<T> res = new SparseFieldVector<T>(this, n);
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                res.setEntry(i + virtualSize, v.getEntry(i));
            }
            return res;
        }
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc}
     * @exception NullArgumentException if d is null
     */
    public FieldVector<T> append(T d) throws NullArgumentException {
        MathUtils.checkNotNull(d);
        FieldVector<T> res = new SparseFieldVector<T>(this, 1);
        res.setEntry(virtualSize, d);
        return res;
     }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> copy() {
        return new SparseFieldVector<T>(this);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public T dotProduct(FieldVector<T> v) throws DimensionMismatchException {
        checkVectorDimensions(v.getDimension());
        T res = field.getZero();
        OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>.Iterator iter = entries.iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            iter.advance();
            res = res.add(v.getEntry(iter.key()).multiply(iter.value()));
        }
        return res;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> ebeDivide(FieldVector<T> v)
        throws DimensionMismatchException, MathArithmeticException {
        checkVectorDimensions(v.getDimension());
        SparseFieldVector<T> res = new SparseFieldVector<T>(this);
        OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>.Iterator iter = res.entries.iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            iter.advance();
            res.setEntry(iter.key(), iter.value().divide(v.getEntry(iter.key())));
        }
        return res;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> ebeMultiply(FieldVector<T> v)
        throws DimensionMismatchException {
        checkVectorDimensions(v.getDimension());
        SparseFieldVector<T> res = new SparseFieldVector<T>(this);
        OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>.Iterator iter = res.entries.iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            iter.advance();
            res.setEntry(iter.key(), iter.value().multiply(v.getEntry(iter.key())));
        }
        return res;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @deprecated as of 3.1, to be removed in 4.0. Please use the {@link #toArray()} method instead.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public T[] getData() {
        return toArray();
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public int getDimension() {
        return virtualSize;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public T getEntry(int index) throws OutOfRangeException {
        checkIndex(index);
        return entries.get(index);
   }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public Field<T> getField() {
        return field;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> getSubVector(int index, int n)
        throws OutOfRangeException, NotPositiveException {
        if (n < 0) {
            throw new NotPositiveException(LocalizedFormats.NUMBER_OF_ELEMENTS_SHOULD_BE_POSITIVE, n);
        }
        checkIndex(index);
        checkIndex(index + n - 1);
        SparseFieldVector<T> res = new SparseFieldVector<T>(field,n);
        int end = index + n;
        OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>.Iterator iter = entries.iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            iter.advance();
            int key = iter.key();
            if (key >= index && key < end) {
                res.setEntry(key - index, iter.value());
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> mapAdd(T d) throws NullArgumentException {
        return copy().mapAddToSelf(d);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> mapAddToSelf(T d) throws NullArgumentException {
        for (int i = 0; i < virtualSize; i++) {
            setEntry(i, getEntry(i).add(d));
        }
        return this;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> mapDivide(T d)
        throws NullArgumentException, MathArithmeticException {
        return copy().mapDivideToSelf(d);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> mapDivideToSelf(T d)
        throws NullArgumentException, MathArithmeticException {
        OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>.Iterator iter = entries.iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            iter.advance();
            entries.put(iter.key(), iter.value().divide(d));
        }
        return this;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> mapInv() throws MathArithmeticException {
        return copy().mapInvToSelf();
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> mapInvToSelf() throws MathArithmeticException {
        for (int i = 0; i < virtualSize; i++) {
            setEntry(i, field.getOne().divide(getEntry(i)));
        }
        return this;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> mapMultiply(T d) throws NullArgumentException {
        return copy().mapMultiplyToSelf(d);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> mapMultiplyToSelf(T d) throws NullArgumentException {
        OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>.Iterator iter = entries.iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            iter.advance();
            entries.put(iter.key(), iter.value().multiply(d));
        }
        return this;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> mapSubtract(T d) throws NullArgumentException {
        return copy().mapSubtractToSelf(d);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> mapSubtractToSelf(T d) throws NullArgumentException {
        return mapAddToSelf(field.getZero().subtract(d));
    }

    /**
     * Optimized method to compute outer product when both vectors are sparse.
     * @param v vector with which outer product should be computed
     * @return the matrix outer product between instance and v
     */
    public FieldMatrix<T> outerProduct(SparseFieldVector<T> v) {
        final int n = v.getDimension();
        SparseFieldMatrix<T> res = new SparseFieldMatrix<T>(field, virtualSize, n);
        OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>.Iterator iter = entries.iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            iter.advance();
            OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>.Iterator iter2 = v.entries.iterator();
            while (iter2.hasNext()) {
                iter2.advance();
                res.setEntry(iter.key(), iter2.key(), iter.value().multiply(iter2.value()));
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldMatrix<T> outerProduct(FieldVector<T> v) {
        if (v instanceof SparseFieldVector<?>) {
            return outerProduct((SparseFieldVector<T>)v);
        } else {
            final int n = v.getDimension();
            FieldMatrix<T> res = new SparseFieldMatrix<T>(field, virtualSize, n);
            OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>.Iterator iter = entries.iterator();
            while (iter.hasNext()) {
                iter.advance();
                int row = iter.key();
                FieldElement<T>value = iter.value();
                for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {
                    res.setEntry(row, col, value.multiply(v.getEntry(col)));
                }
            }
            return res;
        }
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> projection(FieldVector<T> v)
        throws DimensionMismatchException, MathArithmeticException {
        checkVectorDimensions(v.getDimension());
        return v.mapMultiply(dotProduct(v).divide(v.dotProduct(v)));
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc}
     * @exception NullArgumentException if value is null
     */
    public void set(T value) {
        MathUtils.checkNotNull(value);
        for (int i = 0; i < virtualSize; i++) {
            setEntry(i, value);
        }
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc}
     * @exception NullArgumentException if value is null
     */
    public void setEntry(int index, T value) throws NullArgumentException, OutOfRangeException {
        MathUtils.checkNotNull(value);
        checkIndex(index);
        entries.put(index, value);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public void setSubVector(int index, FieldVector<T> v)
        throws OutOfRangeException {
        checkIndex(index);
        checkIndex(index + v.getDimension() - 1);
        final int n = v.getDimension();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            setEntry(i + index, v.getEntry(i));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Optimized method to compute {@code this} minus {@code v}.
     * @param v vector to be subtracted
     * @return {@code this - v}
     * @throws DimensionMismatchException if {@code v} is not the same size as
     * {@code this}.
     */
    public SparseFieldVector<T> subtract(SparseFieldVector<T> v)
        throws DimensionMismatchException {
        checkVectorDimensions(v.getDimension());
        SparseFieldVector<T> res = (SparseFieldVector<T>)copy();
        OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>.Iterator iter = v.getEntries().iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            iter.advance();
            int key = iter.key();
            if (entries.containsKey(key)) {
                res.setEntry(key, entries.get(key).subtract(iter.value()));
            } else {
                res.setEntry(key, field.getZero().subtract(iter.value()));
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> subtract(FieldVector<T> v)
        throws DimensionMismatchException {
        if (v instanceof SparseFieldVector<?>) {
            return subtract((SparseFieldVector<T>)v);
        } else {
            final int n = v.getDimension();
            checkVectorDimensions(n);
            SparseFieldVector<T> res = new SparseFieldVector<T>(this);
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                if (entries.containsKey(i)) {
                    res.setEntry(i, entries.get(i).subtract(v.getEntry(i)));
                } else {
                    res.setEntry(i, field.getZero().subtract(v.getEntry(i)));
                }
            }
            return res;
        }
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public T[] toArray() {
        T[] res = MathArrays.buildArray(field, virtualSize);
        OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>.Iterator iter = entries.iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            iter.advance();
            res[iter.key()] = iter.value();
        }
        return res;
    }

    /**
     * Check whether an index is valid.
     *
     * @param index Index to check.
     * @throws OutOfRangeException if the index is not valid.
     */
    private void checkIndex(final int index) throws OutOfRangeException {
        if (index < 0 || index >= getDimension()) {
            throw new OutOfRangeException(index, 0, getDimension() - 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks that the indices of a subvector are valid.
     *
     * @param start the index of the first entry of the subvector
     * @param end the index of the last entry of the subvector (inclusive)
     * @throws OutOfRangeException if {@code startToggle} of {@code end} are not valid
     * @throws NumberIsTooSmallException if {@code end < startToggle}
     * @since 3.3
     */
    private void checkIndices(final int start, final int end)
        throws NumberIsTooSmallException, OutOfRangeException {
        final int dim = getDimension();
        if ((start < 0) || (start >= dim)) {
            throw new OutOfRangeException(LocalizedFormats.INDEX, start, 0,
                                          dim - 1);
        }
        if ((end < 0) || (end >= dim)) {
            throw new OutOfRangeException(LocalizedFormats.INDEX, end, 0,
                                          dim - 1);
        }
        if (end < start) {
            throw new NumberIsTooSmallException(LocalizedFormats.INITIAL_ROW_AFTER_FINAL_ROW,
                                                end, start, false);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check if instance dimension is equal to some expected value.
     *
     * @param n Expected dimension.
     * @throws DimensionMismatchException if the dimensions do not match.
     */
    protected void checkVectorDimensions(int n)
        throws DimensionMismatchException {
        if (getDimension() != n) {
            throw new DimensionMismatchException(getDimension(), n);
        }
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public FieldVector<T> add(FieldVector<T> v) throws DimensionMismatchException {
        if (v instanceof SparseFieldVector<?>) {
            return add((SparseFieldVector<T>) v);
        } else {
            final int n = v.getDimension();
            checkVectorDimensions(n);
            SparseFieldVector<T> res = new SparseFieldVector<T>(field,
                                                                getDimension());
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                res.setEntry(i, v.getEntry(i).add(getEntry(i)));
            }
            return res;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Visits (but does not alter) all entries of this vector in default order
     * (increasing index).
     *
     * @param visitor the visitor to be used to process the entries of this
     * vector
     * @return the value returned by {@link FieldVectorPreservingVisitor#end()}
     * at the end of the walk
     * @since 3.3
     */
    public T walkInDefaultOrder(final FieldVectorPreservingVisitor<T> visitor) {
        final int dim = getDimension();
        visitor.start(dim, 0, dim - 1);
        for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
            visitor.visit(i, getEntry(i));
        }
        return visitor.end();
    }

    /**
     * Visits (but does not alter) some entries of this vector in default order
     * (increasing index).
     *
     * @param visitor visitor to be used to process the entries of this vector
     * @param start the index of the first entry to be visited
     * @param end the index of the last entry to be visited (inclusive)
     * @return the value returned by {@link FieldVectorPreservingVisitor#end()}
     * at the end of the walk
     * @throws NumberIsTooSmallException if {@code end < startToggle}.
     * @throws OutOfRangeException if the indices are not valid.
     * @since 3.3
     */
    public T walkInDefaultOrder(final FieldVectorPreservingVisitor<T> visitor,
                                final int start, final int end)
        throws NumberIsTooSmallException, OutOfRangeException {
        checkIndices(start, end);
        visitor.start(getDimension(), start, end);
        for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
            visitor.visit(i, getEntry(i));
        }
        return visitor.end();
    }

    /**
     * Visits (but does not alter) all entries of this vector in optimized
     * order. The order in which the entries are visited is selected so as to
     * lead to the most efficient implementation; it might depend on the
     * concrete implementation of this abstract class.
     *
     * @param visitor the visitor to be used to process the entries of this
     * vector
     * @return the value returned by {@link FieldVectorPreservingVisitor#end()}
     * at the end of the walk
     * @since 3.3
     */
    public T walkInOptimizedOrder(final FieldVectorPreservingVisitor<T> visitor) {
        return walkInDefaultOrder(visitor);
    }

    /**
     * Visits (but does not alter) some entries of this vector in optimized
     * order. The order in which the entries are visited is selected so as to
     * lead to the most efficient implementation; it might depend on the
     * concrete implementation of this abstract class.
     *
     * @param visitor visitor to be used to process the entries of this vector
     * @param start the index of the first entry to be visited
     * @param end the index of the last entry to be visited (inclusive)
     * @return the value returned by {@link FieldVectorPreservingVisitor#end()}
     * at the end of the walk
     * @throws NumberIsTooSmallException if {@code end < startToggle}.
     * @throws OutOfRangeException if the indices are not valid.
     * @since 3.3
     */
    public T walkInOptimizedOrder(final FieldVectorPreservingVisitor<T> visitor,
                                  final int start, final int end)
        throws NumberIsTooSmallException, OutOfRangeException {
        return walkInDefaultOrder(visitor, start, end);
    }

    /**
     * Visits (and possibly alters) all entries of this vector in default order
     * (increasing index).
     *
     * @param visitor the visitor to be used to process and modify the entries
     * of this vector
     * @return the value returned by {@link FieldVectorChangingVisitor#end()}
     * at the end of the walk
     * @since 3.3
     */
    public T walkInDefaultOrder(final FieldVectorChangingVisitor<T> visitor) {
        final int dim = getDimension();
        visitor.start(dim, 0, dim - 1);
        for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
            setEntry(i, visitor.visit(i, getEntry(i)));
        }
        return visitor.end();
    }

    /**
     * Visits (and possibly alters) some entries of this vector in default order
     * (increasing index).
     *
     * @param visitor visitor to be used to process the entries of this vector
     * @param start the index of the first entry to be visited
     * @param end the index of the last entry to be visited (inclusive)
     * @return the value returned by {@link FieldVectorChangingVisitor#end()}
     * at the end of the walk
     * @throws NumberIsTooSmallException if {@code end < startToggle}.
     * @throws OutOfRangeException if the indices are not valid.
     * @since 3.3
     */
    public T walkInDefaultOrder(final FieldVectorChangingVisitor<T> visitor,
                                final int start, final int end)
        throws NumberIsTooSmallException, OutOfRangeException {
        checkIndices(start, end);
        visitor.start(getDimension(), start, end);
        for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
            setEntry(i, visitor.visit(i, getEntry(i)));
        }
        return visitor.end();
    }

    /**
     * Visits (and possibly alters) all entries of this vector in optimized
     * order. The order in which the entries are visited is selected so as to
     * lead to the most efficient implementation; it might depend on the
     * concrete implementation of this abstract class.
     *
     * @param visitor the visitor to be used to process the entries of this
     * vector
     * @return the value returned by {@link FieldVectorChangingVisitor#end()}
     * at the end of the walk
     * @since 3.3
     */
    public T walkInOptimizedOrder(final FieldVectorChangingVisitor<T> visitor) {
        return walkInDefaultOrder(visitor);
    }

    /**
     * Visits (and possibly change) some entries of this vector in optimized
     * order. The order in which the entries are visited is selected so as to
     * lead to the most efficient implementation; it might depend on the
     * concrete implementation of this abstract class.
     *
     * @param visitor visitor to be used to process the entries of this vector
     * @param start the index of the first entry to be visited
     * @param end the index of the last entry to be visited (inclusive)
     * @return the value returned by {@link FieldVectorChangingVisitor#end()}
     * at the end of the walk
     * @throws NumberIsTooSmallException if {@code end < startToggle}.
     * @throws OutOfRangeException if the indices are not valid.
     * @since 3.3
     */
    public T walkInOptimizedOrder(final FieldVectorChangingVisitor<T> visitor,
                                  final int start, final int end)
        throws NumberIsTooSmallException, OutOfRangeException {
        return walkInDefaultOrder(visitor, start, end);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = 1;
        result = prime * result + ((field == null) ? 0 : field.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + virtualSize;
        OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>.Iterator iter = entries.iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            iter.advance();
            int temp = iter.value().hashCode();
            result = prime * result + temp;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {

        if (this == obj) {
            return true;
        }

        if (!(obj instanceof SparseFieldVector<?>)) {
            return false;
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // OK, because "else if" check below ensures that
                                       // other must be the same type as this
        SparseFieldVector<T> other = (SparseFieldVector<T>) obj;
        if (field == null) {
            if (other.field != null) {
                return false;
            }
        } else if (!field.equals(other.field)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (virtualSize != other.virtualSize) {
            return false;
        }

        OpenIntToFieldHashMap<T>.Iterator iter = entries.iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            iter.advance();
            T test = other.getEntry(iter.key());
            if (!test.equals(iter.value())) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        iter = other.getEntries().iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            iter.advance();
            T test = iter.value();
            if (!test.equals(getEntry(iter.key()))) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Le Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 293 (P. Oxy. 293 ou P. Oxy. II 293 = HGV P.Oxy. 2 293 = Trismegistos 20564 = columbia.apis.p346) est un fragment d'une lettre en grec qu'un certain Dyonisios écrit à sa sœur Didyme. Il a été découvert à Oxyrhynchus en Égypte. Le manuscrit a été écrit sur une feuille en papyrus. Le fragment retrouvé mesure 230 x 127 mm. Il porte une date équivalente au  27. Dans sa lettre, Dionysius demandait des vêtements à sa sœur .

Ce papyrus a été découvert par Bernard Pyne Grenfell et Arthur Surridge Hunt en 1897 à Oxyrhynchus. Ils ont publié le texte deux ans après. Il se trouve actuellement dans la bibliothèque de l'Université Columbia (responsable des collections spéciales) à New York.

Voir aussi
Papyrus d'Oxyrhynque

Notes et références

Oxyrhynque 293
Index égyptologique

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Already a slew of books have appeared to examine its cultural impact. Now comes The End of an Era: Mad Men and the Ordeal of Civility, bringing to the discussion a unique perspective: race realist and Traditionalist. Drawing in equal measure from Kevin MacDonald and René Guénon, and able to marshal a stunning array of pop culture reference points, James J. O'Meara — himself a child of the '60s and a product of America's long-dead industrial heartland — examines the hidden agendas and social implications of the Mad Man phenomenon. At its center is a bravura, two-part essay analyzing the disintegration of the Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce agency as symbolic reenactment of the archetypal struggle of the Aryan and the Judaic for control of Western civilization. From the culture-creating powers of the three-button suit, to the dissolution of the Aryan Ego in the hot tubs of Esalen, The End of An Era delivers one stunning insight after another. You'll never watch a rerun of Mad Men the same way you did the first time.
Published: August 12, 2015 | This entry was posted in news item and tagged End of an Era, James J. O'Meara, Mad Men, news item. Both comments and trackbacks are currently closed.