1. THE BPI EXPRESS CREDIT CARD/BPI CREDIT CARD ("CARD") – The CARD is the sole property of the Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI). It is issued for the personal use of the Cardholder and is non-transferable. The privileges of the CARD may be terminated by BPI at any time and for whatever reason or cause without need of prior notice to Cardholder. The Cardholder agrees to perforate his/her CARD upon termination of the CARD. Continued use of the CARD after receipt of the written notice of termination shall be deemed fraudulent and will subject the Cardholder to appropriate legal proceedings. Delivery of the said written notice at the Cardholder's latest reported mailing address shall be considered sufficient receipt of the notice of termination. The issuance of the CARD shall not create any other obligations on the part of BPI other than those expressly stated herein.
The term "Cardholder" shall refer to the person to whom or for whose use a CARD is issued by BPI. It shall likewise include the person to whom a Supplementary Card is issued upon the application of the Cardholder (the "Supplementary").
2. RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CARDHOLDER – The Cardholder, Supplementary, and surety(ies) shall be jointly and severally liable for all purchases and cash advances made through the use of the CARD, including all interests, penalties, fees, and all other charges without the necessity of proof of signed charge slips. If the Cardholder avails of the cash advance feature at any BPI Automated Teller Machine (ATM) and/or authorized network, he/she agrees to accept and pay for all cash advances including the corresponding interests, penalties, fees, and other charges without the necessity of proof or ATM withdrawal/transaction record. Subject to the provisions of Section 5 (Loss of the Card) hereof, BPI shall not be liable for any fraudulent or unauthorized use of the CARD including that which is caused or occasioned by receipt of the CARD by the Cardholder's authorized representative. The Cardholder agrees that all purchases and cash advances made using the CARD are conclusively presumed to have been personally made or authorized by the Cardholder.
3. EXPIRY, RENEWAL AND REINSTATEMENT OF THE CARD – Unless earlier terminated by BPI, or voluntarily cancelled by the Cardholder, the CARD shall be valid from date of issuance or renewal and expires on the last day of the month indicated on the face of the CARD. Renewal of the CARD shall be at the option of BPI. BPI shall likewise have the option of reinstating Cardholder's privileges which have been terminated for any reason whatsoever upon payment of an additional processing fee equivalent to the annual fee.
4. ACCREDITED ESTABLISHMENTS – BPI has contracted with establishments to honor the CARD for purchases of food, goods, merchandise, and services. Likewise, BPI has entered into an agreement with Mastercard/Visa where the CARD issued bearing the Mastercard/Visa label shall be honored at all Mastercard/Visa accredited establishments worldwide. Notwithstanding the preceding, however, BPI shall not be responsible/liable to the Cardholder, if, for any reason, the CARD is not honored by the accredited establishments or Mastercard/Visa. Cardholder should always carry an alternative payment method and not solely rely on the CARD to process payment of goods and/or services.
Cardholder's liability to BPI is absolute. The existence of any claim or dispute between Cardholder and any accredited establishment shall not affect Cardholder's obligation to pay the purchases, availments, and cash advances together with all interests, penalties, fees, and other charges incurred thereon, if any, arising from the Cardholder's use of the CARD (the "Total Outstanding Balance" or "TOB"). In cases of return of goods, tickets, and services obtained through the use of the CARD where the merchant permits such return, the Cardholder agrees that (i) the refund shall not be in cash; and (ii) BPI shall credit the Cardholder's account for the refund.
5. LOSS OF THE CARD – It is the responsibility of the Cardholder to safeguard the CARD at all times against loss, theft, fraudulent or unauthorized use. In case of loss or theft of the CARD, Cardholder agrees to promptly report such fact to BPI by calling (02) 89-100 for Metro Manila, domestic toll free at 1-800-188-89100 (available to PLDT subscribers), 63+2+89-10000 for mobile phone and international access or its toll free numbers in selected countries listed at www.bpiexpressonline.com (the "BPI Phonebanking"), giving details of the place, date, time, and circumstances of the incident and the last purchase(s) made prior to the loss or theft of the CARD. Any availment/transaction made or incurred prior to reporting to BPI of such loss or theft of the CARD shall be for the sole account of the Cardholder. Prior to receipt of such report by BPI Phonebanking, Cardholder expressly agrees to be held liable for all purchases, cash advances, and charges made or incurred from the use of the lost or stolen CARD even if said transactions were incurred without the knowledge or authority of the Cardholder. BPI and its merchant partners shall be rendered free and harmless from any and all liabilities, claims, damages, and costs arising from the fraudulent or unauthorized use of the CARD. A reasonable fee shall be charged by BPI for replacement of the lost or stolen CARD.
6. CREDIT LIMIT – Upon acceptance of Cardholder's application, BPI, at its sole discretion, shall grant a credit limit to the Cardholder expressed in local currency (Philippine Pesos) which is the maximum amount available for use. The total credit limit, which can be used for regular purchases and Special Installment Plan (S.I.P.), represents the maximum outstanding balance that a Cardholder and Supplementary are allowed to share at any given time subject to the security requirements and credit card management requisites which may be reasonably imposed by BPI from time to time (the "Credit Limit"). Except in case of temporary increase in limit granted on promotional basis, in no event shall the Cardholder and Supplementary exceed the Credit Limit. In case the Credit Limit shall be exceeded, BPI reserves the right, at its sole and absolute discretion, to allow or decline any further transactions or to suspend and/or terminate the credit card privileges of the Cardholder and Supplementary, without prior notice. In any such events, the Cardholder agrees to pay in full the TOB, which shall immediately become due and payable, without the necessity of notice and demand, all of which are waived by the Cardholder and Supplementary. The Credit Limit shall be made available to the Cardholder and Supplementary on the next business day following payment.
BPI may, at its sole option and at any time, change the Credit Limit of the Cardholder to an amount which it deems appropriate based on its credit assessment, guidelines, policies, and procedures, as the same may be amended from time to time. The Cardholder shall be duly notified of such changes to the Credit Limit.
7. STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT – The Cardholder shall be issued a Statement of Account (SOA) every month containing a summary of all his/her credit card transactions, fees, and charges. At BPI's option, the SOA may be sent via mail or courier, posting on BPI Online Banking, email to Cardholder's registered email address or such other means of delivery which BPI considers appropriate and effective.
a) Paper Statement of Account – The SOA shall be delivered to the Cardholder via mail or courier.
b) Electronic Statement of Account (eSOA) - In lieu of receiving a printed copy of the SOA via mail or courier, Cardholder may choose to enroll his/her CARD account in BPI Online Banking and view the SOAs electronically through this facility (the "eSOA"). It is understood and agreed that when the eSOA is made available for viewing, it shall be conclusively deemed received by the Cardholder.
c) Emailed Statement of Account (eStatement) – BPI may also send the SOA via email which will be sent electronically to Cardholder's email address registered with BPI (the "eStatement"). The Cardholder may also choose to subscribe to the eStatement (if available). It is understood and agreed that when the eStatement is sent to the Cardholder, it shall be conclusively deemed received by the Cardholder.
The Cardholder and Supplementary recognize and acknowledge the integrity of the SOA as an electronic document pursuant to the provisions of the Electronic Commerce Act and agree to pay the amount thereon on Payment Due Date without need for presentation of the signed charge slips. It is the Cardholder's responsibility to update his/her contact information when necessary; otherwise, whatever registered contact information appearing in the records of BPI will remain valid and binding on the Cardholder. Notwithstanding the absence or lack of proof of service of the SOA upon the Cardholder, or failure by the Cardholder to view the SOA after statement cut-off date, the latter agrees to pay any and all statement balances on or before the Payment Due Date. In case the Cardholder does not receive the SOA, it is the Cardholder's responsibility to inform BPI of the non-receipt of the SOA and to inquire about the amount due arising from the use of the CARD and the Payment Due Date, by calling BPI Phonebanking.
a. MEMBERSHIP FEES – The Cardholder shall pay to BPI a membership fee, payable either monthly, annually or otherwise depending on the CARD type, in such amounts as may be fixed by BPI, to entitle him/her to the privileges of membership and the use of the CARD. Upon suspension or cancellation of the CARD privileges, all fees paid become non-reimbursable.
b. FINANCE CHARGES – Finance charge on regular purchases, fees, and interest charges is computed by multiplying the applicable finance charge rate depending on the CARD type with the average daily balance (ADB). The applicable finance charge rates are subject to change by BPI from time to time with notice to the Cardholder.
i. Multiply the previous statement balance with the number of days that the amount is outstanding or unchanged. The statement balance may include fees and interest charges.
ii. When a payment is made, deduct the amount from the statement balance and multiply with the number of days from the payment date until the next payment date or statement date.
iii. Sum up the balances computed and divide by the number of days from the previous to the current statement date to arrive at the ADB.
Finance charge on Special Installment Plan (S.I.P.) is computed by multiplying the total amount availed by the applicable interest rate, depending on the term. Monthly payment shall first be applied to interest then to the principal using the diminishing balance method.
c. PAYMENT OF CHARGES – Cardholder agrees to pay the TOB or at least the "Minimum Payment Required" as stated in the SOA on or before the last day for payment indicated in the said SOA (the "Payment Due Date"). If the Payment Due Date falls on a Saturday, Sunday or a regular national holiday, the Payment Due Date shall be moved to the next business day. The Payment Due Date may be changed (i) to an earlier date if the Cardholder's account is considered overdue and/or with balances in excess of the Credit Limit, or (ii) to such other date as may be deemed proper by BPI with notice to the Cardholder on the same monthly SOA. Paying less than the TOB will increase the amount of interest the Cardholder pays and the time it takes to repay the balance. Further, failure to pay the TOB indicated in the monthly SOA shall result in imposition of finance charges, additional interest, and penalty fees based on the amount due for every month of delay, a fraction of a month being considered as one month. Any CARD with TOB or outstanding amounts due that are unpaid after thirty (30) calendar days from statement date shall automatically be suspended, and those with accounts unpaid after ninety (90) calendar days from statement date shall automatically be cancelled, without prejudice to BPI's right to suspend or cancel the CARD any time and for whatever reason. Any overpayment by Cardholder shall not earn interest and shall be applied to payment of the succeeding TOB or "Minimum Payment Required". In case of terminated or cancelled CARD accounts and an overpayment is unclaimed for more than one (1) month from the date of termination or cancellation, a monthly Account Maintenance Fee as stated in the Table of Fees, shall be charged on the account until the CARD balance is zeroed out.
The rate of interest and/or penalty rate stipulated may be increased, decreased or otherwise changed from time to time by BPI in the event of, among others, changes (for whatever reason) in the interest rates prescribed by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) or in the international capital markets, in the rediscount rate of member banks with the BSP, in the interest rates on savings or time deposits or on bank's borrowings, or in the market rates; or any law, circular, rule or regulation is enacted/issued, or any circumstance has occurred, which has the effect of increasing or decreasing BPI's costs of funds, operating costs or intermediation costs, such as but not limited to reserve requirements, taxes, salaries or charges. The Cardholder further authorizes BPI to increase or charge additional service fees as it may deem necessary or advisable under the circumstances to maintain the service to the Cardholder. The upward or downward adjustment of the interest, penalty rate, and/or service fees shall be binding on the Cardholder on the date/s of effectivity as indicated in the notice from BPI.
Failure of the Cardholder to pay the TOB or at least the "Minimum Payment Required" on the relevant Payment Due Date stated in the SOA, or failure of the Cardholder to pay any other obligations (including interests, charges, taxes, such as but not limited to Value Added Tax (VAT) and other disbursements allowed by law) which the Cardholder may now or hereafter owe to BPI or to any member of the BPI Group of Companies, whether singly or jointly with another, or as principal or as surety/guarantor, shall render Cardholder in default under these Terms and Conditions, without necessity of demand from BPI which the Cardholder expressly waives. In case of default in his/her obligation as provided herein, the Cardholder agrees to perforate his/her CARD and to pay, in addition to the interest and penalty charges aforementioned, the following additional charges, without prejudice, however, to BPI's other rights and remedies: (a) attorney's fees of twenty five percent (25%) of the amount due if the account is referred to a lawyer or to a collection agency, (b) a service fee for every dishonored check issued by the Cardholder in payment of his/her account, (c) liquidated damages equivalent to twenty five percent (25%) of the unpaid amount, plus litigation expenses and judicial costs, if the payment of the account is enforced through court action, and (d) costs for demanding payment or advising cancellation of membership.
d. CASH ADVANCE FEE – Each Cash Advance is subject to a cash advance fee per transaction/availment. It can be availed at any BPI branch or BPI ATMs nationwide and through the Cirrus (for Mastercard credit cards) and Visa/Plus (for Visa credit cards) networks worldwide. Cash Advance shall be earmarked against the Cardholder's Credit Limit and is not an additional line of credit. To avail of Cash Advance via ATM, the Cardholder and/or Supplementary must have a Cash Advance PIN (CAPIN). A CAPIN may be provided to each of the Cardholder and/or Supplementary which upon receipt, must immediately be changed by the Cardholder and/or Supplementary. If the Cardholder and/or Supplementary is not provided with a CAPIN, the Cardholder and/or Supplementary may visit selected BPI branches or call BPI Phonebanking, to request for his/her CAPIN. The Cardholder and/or Supplementary must not disclose his/her CAPIN to any person or compromise its confidentiality under any circumstance.
e. ISSUER'S SERVICE FEE ON FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS – All charges including those incurred abroad through the use of the CARD shall be billed and be payable in Philippine currency, subject to a foreign conversion fee on top of Mastercard/Visa's foreign exchange rate on the date the transaction is posted.
f. EXPRESS START CANCELLATION FEE – Cancellation fees shall apply on accounts acquired through the Express Start route – that is, cards under deposit hold out. A non-waivable cancellation fee shall apply if the Cardholder cancels all his/her BPI Credit Card(s), except if cancellation is due to non-delivery of such BPI Credit Card(s), before the first anniversary date of the first-issued BPI Credit Card.
g. OTHER FEES – Charge slip retrieval fee, card replacement fees, check protect fee, Special Installment Plan (S.I.P.) pre-termination fees, statement of account copy, and other fees are charged to the Cardholder's account, when applicable. All fees shall be charged per CARD per occurrence or request, unless otherwise stated.
h. TABLE OF FEES - For the complete and updated list of the applicable fees, please see the Table of Fees at www.bpicards.com or www.bpiexpressonline.com. BPI reserves the right to change the fees from time to time.
9. CUSTOMER SERVICE - Except as otherwise provided under Section 5 (Loss of the Card), the Cardholder must notify BPI immediately for any issue, complaint or billing error through BPI Phonebanking, or via email at expressonline@bpi.com.ph or by visiting any BPI branch. If no SOA error is reported within thirty (30) calendar days from the statement date indicated in the SOA, the SOA shall be considered correct and binding upon the Cardholder and Supplementary. BPI will investigate any issue or billing error raised or any complaint communicated to it through any of the means provided above, and will provide the necessary feedback to the Cardholder. Cardholder agrees to fully cooperate in any investigation to be conducted in relation to his/her complaint by providing BPI the required information and documents.
In the event the Cardholder no longer wants to participate in any product, business or customer offerings of BPI and/or any of its Affiliates, or in any Marketing Initiative, as provided under this Agreement, he/she must inform BPI by calling BPI Phonebanking clearly stating said intention. Should Cardholder wish to renew his/her participation in any such product, business and customer offerings or Marketing Initiative, he/she may call BPI Phonebanking indicating his/her agreement to participate in BPI's and its Affiliates' product, business and customer offerings and Marketing Initiative.
10. DEPOSIT/PLACEMENT ACCOUNT – Unless otherwise agreed, the Cardholder agrees to maintain a current or savings deposit/placement account(s) with BPI or BFSB or any of their subsidiaries or affiliates (collectively, the "Bank"). Should the Cardholder fail to pay his/her TOB or any amount due and payable under the CARD on the Payment Due Date, the amount thereof shall be debited from his/her deposit/placement account(s), without the necessity of a notice from BPI, or such amount as may be sufficient to be applied as payment of his/her TOB or any amount due, upon presentation of his/her SOA to said Bank by BPI. For this purpose, Cardholder hereby grants BPI full power and authority to debit or cause the Bank to debit, without notice, from Cardholder's deposit account(s) such amount as may be sufficient to pay his/her TOB or any amount due and payable. BPI and the Bank, their directors, officers, employees, and representatives shall not be held accountable for any liability, charge, cost, and expense arising from any resulting returned/dishonored check drawn against Cardholder's deposit/placement/account with the Bank or for any penalty and fee that may be imposed as a consequence of the foregoing. Should his/her TOB or any amount due under the CARD exceed the amount debited from Cardholder's deposit/account with the Bank, such excess shall immediately become due and payable and the Cardholder shall be considered in default of his/her obligations to pay the same.
11. RIGHT OF SET OFF – Effective upon his/her failure to pay his/her obligation arising from the use of the CARD, the Cardholder and/or Supplementary do hereby assign and transfer to BPI, without need of demand, and by these presents have assigned and transferred to BPI, any money, security, property (real or personal) and thing of value which are now or may hereafter be in the possession, custody or control of BPI or any member of the BPI Group of Companies, on deposit or collateral or otherwise to the credit of and belonging to the Cardholder and/or Supplementary (the "Assigned Properties"). For this purpose, the Cardholder and/or Supplementary do hereby consent, authorize, appoint, and irrevocably constitute, and by these presents have appointed and constituted, BPI as its ATTORNEY-IN-FACT with full power and authority (a) to inquire about, or to assert its lien or legal claim on, any of such Assigned Properties, and/or (b) to sell at public or private sale any of such Assigned Properties and to apply the proceeds thereof, in whole or in part, to such obligations. In the absence of such monies, securities, properties (real or personal) or things of value, or if the Cardholder's TOB exceeds the proceeds of the sale, the Cardholder and/or Supplementary hereby agree to assign and deliver any deposit or fund the Cardholder and/or Supplementary may have with any other banks or financial institutions to the extent of said Cardholder's and/or Supplementary's obligations to BPI. For this purpose, the Cardholder and/or Supplementary do hereby consent and authorize said bank or financial institution to disclose to BPI or its duly authorized representative any information relative to any deposit/placement the Cardholder and/or Supplementary may have with any such banks or financial institutions.
12. SUPPLEMENTARY CARDS – The Cardholder may apply for supplementary CARD(s) (the "Supplementary Card") which BPI may approve on a case to case basis. The use of the CARD, as well as the Supplementary CARD(s), shall be governed by these Terms and Conditions and secured by the Suretyship undertaking hereto. Any reference in these Terms and Conditions to the CARD issued to Cardholder shall also apply to Supplementary CARD(s) and/or any renewal thereof. Should Supplementary CARD(s) be issued to a Supplementary, the Cardholder shall be responsible for all the TOB, if any, made or incurred through the CARD and the Supplementary CARD(s). In the event, the Supplementary is the Cardholder's spouse and there is separation of the spouses, legal or otherwise, the Cardholder shall continue to be responsible for all such amounts incurred through the use of the Supplementary CARD(s) unless Cardholder requests in writing that the privileges of such Supplementary be terminated and all the TOB incurred shall have been fully paid and satisfied at the time of said request. In case of death of the Cardholder, the Supplementary shall be jointly and severally liable to settle the TOB incurred. The Cardholder represents and warrants that he/she has secured the necessary consent of the Supplementary relative to any information (including personal data) provided by the Cardholder to BPI relating to the Supplementary.
13. DELINQUENCY – The Cardholder is liable for all charges, fees, and other obligations incurred through the use of the CARD and all Supplementary CARD(s) and in the event of any delinquency, the Cardholder authorizes BPI to report and/or include the names of the Cardholder, as well as the Supplementary, in negative listings of any credit information bureau or institution.
14. SOLIDARY LIABILITY – The Cardholder's spouse who is a Supplementary shall automatically become a surety. The Cardholder's spouse shall be jointly and severally liable for all obligations and charges incurred herein including (but not limited to) all availments, advances, and charges using the CARD and the Supplementary CARD(s) and any renewal thereof.
15. SURETY – Without prejudice to Sections 12 (Supplementary Cards) and 14 (Solidary Liability) and at BPI's request, the Cardholder agrees to furnish such other or additional surety(ies) acceptable to BPI who shall be jointly and severally liable with the Cardholder and/or the Supplementary to pay BPI all the obligations and charges incurred through the CARD and the Supplementary CARD(s) including any renewal thereof. In the event the surety(ies) furnished by the Cardholder is (are) discharged, if required by BPI, the Cardholder must furnish new surety(ies) acceptable to BPI within thirty (30) calendar days from discharge. Failure to do so shall constitute prima facie evidence of intent to defraud on the part of Cardholder and the Cardholder's privileges shall be automatically terminated without notice. It is agreed that the surety(ies) can be discharged by BPI only when all TOB have been fully paid.
16. TERMINATION BY BPI – Without limiting the generality of Section 1 (The BPI Express Credit Card/BPI Credit Card), in the event (i) Cardholder fails to comply with any of the Terms and Conditions governing the use of the CARD as determined by BPI, or (ii) Cardholder fails to observe any of the terms or conditions of any document or agreement which the Cardholder executed in connection with any loan and/or credit facility granted, or any product or service extended by, BPI or any member of the BPI Group of Companies, or (iii) the Credit Limit shall be exceeded, or (iv) the Cardholder fails to renew the CARD for any reason or the CARD is not renewed by BPI, or (v) in case of closure by BPI or any member of the BPI Group of Companies, of Cardholder's deposit account/s in accordance with the terms and conditions governing said deposit account/s, or (vi) Cardholder dies or is separated from employment, or (vii) Cardholder becomes bankrupt, insolvent, or undergoes receivership, or his/her property(ies) is/are levied on execution, garnished or attached, or (viii) Cardholder is convicted for a criminal offense with final judgment carrying with it the penalty of civil interdiction, or (ix) any of the cases covered by Article 1198 of the New Civil Code (however evidenced) occur, or (x) Cardholder is charged with, convicted of or under investigation by competent government authority for violation of Republic Act 8484 otherwise known as the "Access Devices Regulation Act of 1998", or (xi) Cardholder defaults in the performance of any obligation, covenant, or condition under any agreement for borrowed money with any third party by which he/she or any of his/her assets may be bound, the right to use the CARD as well as Supplementary CARD(s) may forthwith be terminated by BPI with or without notice and the aggregate unpaid TOB of the Cardholder and Supplementary for which Cardholder is liable shall immediately become due and demandable, without the necessity of demand, which Cardholder waives. In case of termination by BPI pursuant to this Section, BPI is entitled to exercise the appropriate rights and remedies provided under these Terms and Conditions and shall not in any way be responsible for any liability, claim or demand of whatever kind and nature in connection with or arising from the termination of the CARD.
17. NOTIFICATION PRIOR TO ENDORSEMENT OF ACCOUNT TO A COLLECTION AGENCY/LAW OFFICE – Cardholder shall be notified in writing by BPI of the name and contact details of the Collection Agency/Law Office at least seven (7) days prior to the actual endorsement of the Cardholder's account to the Collection Agency/Law Office. Written notification shall be sent/delivered to the latest reported mailing address and/or electronic mail address of the Cardholder as appearing in the records of BPI.
18. CANCELLATION/TERMINATION BY CARDHOLDER – Voluntary cancellation of the CARD must be done by the Cardholder through phone by calling BPI Phonebanking or in writing duly received by BPI, subject to the immediate payment or settlement of the TOB. The Cardholder must perforate said CARD(s) to avoid unauthorized use.
19. UPDATE AND CHANGE OF CONTACT DETAILS AND CARDHOLDER INFORMATION – Cardholder shall update annually or whenever required by BPI, his/her contact details such as residence, office and/or mailing address, telephone numbers and/or electronic mail address, civil status, and such other data previously indicated in the CARD application (the "Contact Details and Cardholder Information"). Cardholder shall likewise notify BPI immediately, in writing, of any change in Contact Details and Cardholder Information. The printed SOA and the renewal/replacement CARD shall be sent to the latest reported mailing address of the Cardholder and delivery of the same shall be effective and conclusively deemed to be sufficient receipt of said SOA and/or renewal/replacement CARD. The Cardholder agrees to hold BPI free and harmless from any liability arising from Cardholder's failure to update his/her contact details or from any communication/correspondence/parcel being viewed and/or accessed by any person other than the Cardholder.
20. COMMUNICATION – BPI may send any communication/correspondence through any or all of the following means: mail or courier, by electronic mail, by facsimile transmission, by short messaging service (SMS), through any of BPI's electronic channels including (but not limited to) posting on BPI's website, or by such other means (electronic or otherwise) which BPI, at its option, considers appropriate and effective. Any communication/correspondence sent by BPI to the Cardholder shall be deemed to have been received by the Cardholder himself/herself.
21. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY – The Cardholder agrees to indemnify and hold BPI, its directors, officers, employees, authorized representatives, agents, service providers, and assigns, free and harmless from and against any and all liabilities, causes of action or suits of whatever kind and nature, claims, dispute, losses, damages, costs, fees, and expenses that may arise as a result of or in connection with the use of the CARD including all availments, purchases, cash advances, and/or transactions made or incurred using the CARD.
In the event of any action which the Cardholder may file against BPI for any cause whatsoever, Cardholder agrees that BPI's liability, if any, shall not exceed the amount of Pesos: Three Thousand (P3,000.00) or the damages actually proven to have been suffered by the Cardholder, whichever is lesser. In no event shall BPI be liable for any special, consequential, exemplary or indirect damages suffered by the Cardholder including but not limited to lost opportunities or lost profits.
The foregoing provisions shall survive termination, cancellation or suspension of the CARD or right to use the CARD.
22. AMENDMENTS – BPI may, at any time and for whatever reason it may deem proper, amend, revise or modify these Terms and Conditions, and any such amendments, revisions, or modifications shall bind the Cardholder upon notice (personal, by publication or otherwise) or on the date of effectivity as specified in the notice, whichever is earlier. If the Cardholder objects or is not amenable to any such amendments, revisions or modifications, the Cardholder agrees to terminate the use of his/her CARD by sending a written notice thereof to BPI and perforating his/her CARD, within fifteen (15) calendar days from notice of amendment, without prejudice to his/her payment of any outstanding obligation to BPI. Failure to notify BPI of Cardholder's intention to terminate his/her membership shall be construed as acceptance by the Cardholder of any such amendments, revisions or modifications to these Terms and Conditions.
23. SEPARABILITY CLAUSE – The enforceability and validity of these Terms and Conditions, in whole or in part, shall not be affected by the unenforceability or invalidity, whether temporary or permanent, of any particular provision hereof because of restrictive laws, regulations, or judicial or administrative determinations obtained during any period hereof or for any other causes.
24. NON-WAIVER OF RIGHTS – No failure or delay on the part of BPI in exercising any right or power hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof nor shall any partial or single exercise of any such rights or powers preclude any further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other rights or powers hereunder. No waiver by BPI of any of its rights or powers herein shall be deemed to have been made unless expressed in writing and signed by its duly authorized representative(s). All remedies afforded BPI under these Terms and Conditions, by law or otherwise shall be cumulative and not alternative.
25. ASSIGNMENT/TRANSFER OF RIGHTS – All rights and interests of BPI under these Terms and Conditions may be assigned or transferred by BPI without the consent of the Cardholder, Supplementary or surety(ies), if any.


text:
The very profitable business of creating babies
by Michael Cook Apr 7, 2006 Apr 19, 2020 / 7 mins /
More than a million babies have been born around the world through in vitro fertilisation. Nearly four per cent of all births in Denmark are IVF babies, more than one per cent in the United States. More than half a million embryos live frozen in American IVF clinics.
Welcome to the baby business.
Twenty-seven years ago, the only way infertile parents could create a family was through adoption. But in 1978 when British researchers Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards discovered the right mix of care and chemicals to nurture human embryos in a Petri dish, a new industry was born — baby manufacture. In the US alone, it is worth at least US$3 billion a year.
For customers, it hardly seems a business. Whatever it cost them, what they are cuddling is a bundle of joy, the stuff of dreams, their "miracle baby". This is the image that the industry seeks to promote. The websites of IVF clinics feature glowing mothers being treated by beaming white-coated doctors. They have public relations to die for.
A new book may help to paint a more down-to-earth picture of this highly profitable and under-researched industry. The Baby Business: how money, science and politics drive the commerce of conception gives an account of its development and business dynamics. Its author, Debora L. Spar is a professor at Harvard Business School and a mother of three children herself.
The genesis of this industry actually dates back to the introduction of the contraceptive pill, which broke the link between sex and reproduction. Steptoe and Edwards simply provided a technology which built on a new way of looking at children. Who could have foreseen all the spin-offs from the basic product line? Now we have babies for single women, babies for lesbian and gay couples, babies selected for their sex, babies designed to be free of disease, babies conceived from the sperm of fathers who died years ago, babies with three mothers, babies born to grandmothers. Anyone who wants a child badly enough can have one — if they are prepared to pay for it.
And many people are prepared to pay to the point of exhaustion or bankruptcy. As a business, what makes the fertility industry unique is the combination of supply-side virtuousness and demand-side desperation. The doctors and scientists who run the clinics can do no wrong. The women who want the babies will pay them whatever they charge. "Talk about a big business," says one industry insider. "It's carrots hanging out there, because it's so hard to say when enough is enough."
What Spar brings to this confluence of dollars and dolours is a steely analytical mind which cuts through the hype and sentimentality:
… the market for babies – the market for children, really – is still a market. How do we know? It's because there is a deep and persistent demand for reproduction, a demand that often goes far beyond what nature alone can provide. There is supply in this market, too, a wide and steadily increasing supply of ways to produce when procreation fails. There are prices that clearly link supply and demand, and there are businesses that sell their wares in this market, often charging hefty sums along the way.
What she sees, and misty-eyed journalists miss, is the existence of markets. Human reproduction requires raw materials (eggs and sperm) and work (pregnancies). Despite the hype about altruistic "gifts of love", these are seldom available for free. So markets spring up. In the US, blue-eyed, blonde-haired Ivy League girls can sell their eggs for as much as $50,000. The total price for renting the womb of an American surrogate mother in 2004 ranged between $30,000 and $120,000, with eggs sold separately. There are sperm banks which ship their wares all over the world. (The biggest is Denmark's Cryos International Sperm Bank.)
There is plenty of room for growth in the market if prices could drop. Only 15 per cent of infertile American women have tried fertility drugs and only 1 per cent have tried IVF. As well, the possibility of genetically engineering healthier, smarter, prettier, faster children could broaden the pool of potential clients to include all fertile couples:
… changing demographics and social mores, combined with exploding technological prospects, suggest that increasing numbers of people will want to exert control over conception. They will want to control when they conceive, how they conceive, and even, increasingly, the characteristics of the children they raise as their own.
However repellant the prospect of commercialising all reproduction may seem to many people, Spar sees nothing inherently wrong in it. The market exists, she says, and repressing it will only send it underground. Already couples who are unable to access certain fertility treatments in the US are going abroad, creating an international fertility tourism industry. Banning a trade in babies will simply lead to exploited and victimised parents and children. This means, she contends, that a regulated market is needed to define property rights and set up basic market rules so that suppliers and customers can have order and safety. Prices will drop; the size of the market will increase; the baby business will make more money; and consumers will be happy.
It's no use being coy about the baby market or cloaking it in fairy-tale prose. We are making babies now, for better or worse, in a very high-tech way. We are procuring these babies from a wide array of sources, and we are pushing deeper into the components of their birth. We can moralise about these developments if we desire, ruing the gods who pushed nature aside. We can decry the fate of our manipulated offspring, closing our eyes and trying to make them fade back in time. Or we can plunge into the market that desire has created, imagining how we can shape our children and secure our children without destroying ourselves.
But while Spar has done a great service in unmasking the mean commercialism of IVF, her solution involves turning human beings into products. Basically her argument is a libertarian one: that the law should permit people to do whatever they like, so long as they do not harm anyone else. The same mantra is chanted for legalising prostitution, pornography, euthanasia and the sale of hard drugs. If it is banned, it goes underground and becomes unsafe; if it is legalised, it is transparent, safe and controlled.
Flawed proposals
In addition to the deep philosophical flaws in this approach, libertarian reproduction raises a number of practical questions. It makes far-reaching assumptions about the nature of children: that they are property, that their genetic heritage is unimportant, and that they have no inherent right to a natural mother and father. It privileges the desire of an adult for a child above a child's need for a family. It ignores evidence which shows that the best environment in which to raise a child is a natural family.
And, like most libertarians, Spar neglects the downstream effects of individual freedoms upon society. Statutory regulation will give entrepreneurs legal and economic security they need to corporatise procreation. Just as brothels are now listed on stock exchanges in some countries, it will become possible to set up a market for babies, whose broad outline will be indistinguishable from the market for African slaves.
It is important to bear in mind that the revolution in reproduction has only just begun. The next great leap forward will be the manufacture of sperm and eggs in the laboratory when the technique for therapeutic cloning is mastered. Overnight, sperm and egg donors will disappear because gametes can be made to order. The very concept of mother and father will fade into that of a mere genetic progenitor. It will also be possible to meddle with children's genetic make-up. Social commentator Francis Fukuyama has warned that this could give rise to a world populated by two sub-species: the GenRich and the GenPoor. So more important than tidying up market irregularities is foreseeing future consequences of a new paradigm of reproduction.
Libertarians like Spur typically contest the notion of a natural order and a fixed human nature. But historical experience suggests that tinkering with human reproduction is a risky business. A notorious example is the increasingly skewed sex ratios in India and China after decades of aborting (or murdering) girls. No one knows what will happen when scores of millions of young men are unable to find wives. But it is sure to result in major social dislocation.
A novel documentary
There is no need to go as far afield as India or China to see how reproductive technology creates a new way of looking at human beings. Try Los Angeles, an Infertilistan where one sperm bank is the sixth largest user of FedEx. This crazy world where the deepest of human longings is processed and sold for hard cash is described in a stunning recent documentary, Frozen Angels, directed by the Berlin-based team of Frauke Sandig and Erik Black.
The film features several colourful characters, each more disturbing than the last. There is Bill Handel, the loud-mouthed host of LA's highest rated morning radio program, who also has been running the world's biggest surrogacy business for more than 20 years. There is a serviceman's wife, a mother of two, who earns $15,000 as a surrogate mother for a nerdy couple in their late 40s. There is a young blonde, a single mother of two, who is asked to donate her eggs to a lesbian couple in their mid-40s. There are Shelley Smith's egg-donor "angels" being photographed for her website. When a "trophy donor" appears, she says, clients go into a feeding frenzy. There is the head of an IVF clinic who describes the masturbatorium in which young men make their donations.
And saddest of all, there is Doron Blake, who was conceived with the help of a sperm bank of Nobel Prize winners. Doron is a nice young man with a wistful look, a wispy goatee, long hair and earrings who sort of hangs around and goes for walks on the beach. He has an IQ of 180 and lives at home with mom. She breeds dogs, too. So much for genetic engineering.
Frozen Angels is an excellent response to the heavy-handed libertarian ideology in The Baby Business. In the words of Frauke Sandig:
… we see a minimally informed public, little critical media coverage and only a small window of time remaining for informed democratic discussion before it is slammed shut by the ever increasing weight and interest of the biotech industry who would like to have us believe the transition was inevitable.
Michael Cook is Editor of MercatorNet
Michael Cook
mcook31@gmail.com
Michael Cook is the editor of MercatorNet.	More by Michael Cook
Tagged: IVF, surrogacy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


With an area consisting of approximately 1,250 ha, huge demands were placed on the local team during the early days. The newly acquired big cat sanctuary required massive structural changes in order to bring the area up to FOUR PAWS` high quality standards.
A lot of attractive enrichment is built daily at the sanctuary, using mainly natural materials, and provides the animals with additional shade, climbing structures or resting places. Despite the considerable number of animals at the sanctuary, they are all monitored daily by a professional team on site. The personnel observe the animals daily and react depending on the case and necessity. A few veterinary checks are typically organized throughout the year.
In order for the rescued animals to be active during the day, the team on site prepares regularly the enrichment based on the requirements of the animals. They are usually self-made objects, covered in different scents to stimulate natural play and behaviour.


This is getting to be a habit, especially if you like watching great goaltending that leads to wins, and it usually does. Last night again, Vancouver Canucks Cory Schneider put in another outstanding performance, stopping 47 of the 48 shots directed at him.
The result was another win, a 4-1 victory over the Columbus Blue Jackets, which was number five and counting.
Schneider is on one of these rolls that the 'Nucks Nation is used to watching Roberto Luongo being on, but this time the roles are reversed. With those five straight wins, the Canucks have climbed from a previous 11th spot to 6th in the Western Conference, and are two points behind Minnesota for first place in the NorthWest Division.
But really, who cares about the NorthWest Divisional first place, because if you're in the top three to five in the Western Conference, then most likely you're on top of your Division anyways.
Schneider has been wise to expound the team's defensive play of lately, which has been an improvement over the first 15 games of the season. Granted, it wasn't on display last night for any great stretch of time. By my count, the Canucks played ten minutes in the first period, four to five in the second and five minutes in the third, and the rest was pretty well dominated by Columbus.
Absolutely, it's great for the team to win, but the only two games out of the last five that the Canucks have been dominate, were against Colorado and Phoenix. Those two games were Schneider's shut-outs and the other three, the Canucks were outplayed. So let's all calm down and enjoy the recent success and forget about a parade or this goalie controversy.
Coach Vigneault knows who is hot and Schneider is the man of the moment. If Schneider and the team are on a roll then the ride is pretty well predetermined. Just ask Mason Raymond, who has been ready and waiting since last Saturday to get back into the lineup.
To paraphrase Coach Vigneault's quote about Raymond getting back in, "I don't see anyone that I feel needs to come out of the lineup at this time." For those that feel Aaron Volpatti should, since he has no points in 22 games, let's remember that Raymond is not a fourth line type of player.
So, until a forward plays himself out of the lineup, then Raymond will have to remain in waiting.
If Cody Hodgson makes anymore plays like he did last night, when he decided to stick handle in front of Schneider, instead of clearing the puck along the boards and out, he will be a candidate for a seat in the press box.
Now something like that would allow Raymond to re-join the line-up. As it was, Hodgson ice-time was reduced by several shifts, as Coach sent him a clear message about that type of play in your own end.
David Booth is starting to find his scoring touch, the one the Canucks management envisioned when they made the trade for him, with his fourth goal last night, along with two goal posts. Booth is slowly crawling his way out of the minus 10 that he sported only a couple of weeks previously.
He currently sits at minus three and with a few more games like the last three; he will start that climb up the plus side.
The same can be said also about Manny Malhotra and Keith Ballard, who used to be 1 and 1A (minus 10/11) before the team's latest run. They too have started to reduce their minus number and are both at minus six.
Although Alex Edler played last night, he was very tentative around the puck and is surely still feeling the shoulder on shoulder contact from Sharks Jamie McGinn. Edler was not throwing any of his patented checks, nor did he look like he was shooting the puck from the point with his usual heavy shot.
Sharks McGinn, isn't he the player that knocked Aaron Rome out of the lineup last season with a concussion after he drilled Rome into the boards? Now there's the type of player that the Canucks could use in their lineup, McGinn that is. Every time McGinn plays, it seems like at any moment, one of his checks is going to send an opponent to the infirmary.
Ice Chips: With Nashville slotted to play on Thursday, and a team that usually frustrates the Canucks to death with their tight defensive play (insert trap here), Schneider and the Canucks will have to be patient and take what the Pred's give them.
If the neutral zone is clogged up, as it usually is with Nashville, then it may have to be a dump and chase game and wait for the breaks. Whether in person or watching it on television, that's usually a boring style of game.
With Sami Salo most likely to sit out due to reinjuring his groin, I would expect to see Aaron Rome draw in, if he is ready. Otherwise it will be Alex Sulzer.
Don't be surprised with some shuffling to the defense pairings to see who will play with Edler. I only see two D-men that are right hand shots and with Salo out, Kevin Bieksa is all that's left. Rick Bowness will decide which left D-man can play the best on the right side, in place of Salo.
Port Moody's Ryan Johansen was the best Blue Jacket last night. Finishing with five shots-on-goal, he was a threat all game and if not for Schneider's goaltending, could have had at least a goal or two. I see a power forward evolving from this player and was an excellent selection by Columbus.
Photo Credits – AP, Getty Images, Google Images and Yahoo Sports!
StatsCredits – http://www.hockeydb.com, http://www.nhl.com/ice/statshome.htm, http://capgeek.com, http://canucks.nhl.com.
To catch all the news, updates and new articles as they occur, you can follow me at http://twitter.com/nucksiceman. For up to-date scoring for the Chicago Wolves see The Wolves tab on the home page.
Note:www.nucksiceman.com is now mobile friendly. From the web address on your iPhone, you can choose Options/Mobile formatted and the site will appear in its entire living colour for you to view. Check it out.


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Q: Multiwebsite, multiple domain setup Magento 2 after migration I have migrated a Magento 1 shop to Magento 2. All is working as expected except for the multi website setup. My original M1 installation consisted of 1 website with 2 stores (different domains: .nl and.be), both of them had 2 storeviews (different languages NL and EN, NL and FR).
All documentation I can find is showing how to setup the websites and stores in Magento2 and what to alter in index.php to get the wanted result on frontend. My problem is that all this documentation provides solutions for showing multiple websites, but my setup consists of 1 website and therefore one website-code ('base'). Also it doesn't explain how the second domain needs to be set up, what do I put in the index-file there? I figure I need to use the store-code instead but I can't get the second domain to work. The main domain is working (because that's 'base').

Here's what I've tried so far:

*

*I have setup the second domain and created symlinks to the main folder for app, var, pub and lib.

*Edited index.php in the root of my website in various ways. Below is just one example of many I tried, I'm showing this one because in my head it should be something like this.
$params = $_SERVER;

switch($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']) {
         case 'spijl-in-stijl.be':
         case 'www.spijl-in-stijl.be':
              $params[\Magento\Store\Model\StoreManager::PARAM_RUN_CODE] = 'spijl-in-stijlbe';
              $params[\Magento\Store\Model\StoreManager::PARAM_RUN_TYPE] = 'store';
         break;
         default:
              $params[\Magento\Store\Model\StoreManager::PARAM_RUN_CODE] = 'base';
              $params[\Magento\Store\Model\StoreManager::PARAM_RUN_TYPE] = 'website';
}

*Created and edited index.php in my second domain folder. It's either showing 403 forbidden or it's redirecting me to the main domain.

*Tried using store-codes in stead of websitecodes but it's throwing errors (can't find the requested store)

*Tried editing the storeviews on backend by changing the second store setup, it broke the entire website, could only restore it by editing base URL's in the database.

*Edited .htaccess in root, added an edited .htaccess in second domain
The settings in backend are set properly. All base URL's are set correctly.
It all comes down to the same theory> It would probably work if the website code was different for both domains.
I'm really hoping someone can help me with this.

A: To run Magento in multi-store mode, you don't really need to create multiple directories. The only exception is that if your hosting provider need separate directories for each domain you host, but for most of the providers, this is not true.
Make sure below configurations was done in your server and magento to run multi store.
Configure base url:
Go to Magento admin >> Stores >> Configurations and then Switch the configuration scope to your corresponding store / website. Then replace the existing configured url with your new url for the corresponding store. This url will be helpful: https://mageplaza.com/kb/how-to-setup-multiple-stores-magento-2.html
Configure .htaccess:
Add below code to your .htaccess file in your webroot after replacing the values with correct store code and domain name.
SetEnvIf Host yourwebsite.com MAGE_RUN_CODE={{YOUR STORE CODE HERE}}
SetEnvIf Host yourwebsite.co.uk MAGE_RUN_TYPE=store

Once the above configuration is done, you can remove the changes you made to index.php.
Making changes to .htaccess is also not a very good practice. You can also do this via configuring it in your vhost file.
For Apache:
<VirtualHost *:80>
            ServerName yourwebsite.com

            DocumentRoot {{Your webroot}}

            <Directory {{Your webroot}}/>
                Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
                AllowOverride All
            </Directory>

            SetEnv MAGE_RUN_CODE "store1_code"
            SetEnv MAGE_RUN_TYPE "store"
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerName yourwebsite.co.uk

                DocumentRoot {{Your webroot}}

                <Directory {{Your webroot}}/>
                    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
                    AllowOverride All
                </Directory>

                SetEnv MAGE_RUN_CODE "store2_code"
                SetEnv MAGE_RUN_TYPE "store"
</VirtualHost>

For Nginx:
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name yourwebsite.com
    set $MAGE_ROOT {{Your webroom}};
    set $MAGE_RUN_CODE = store1_code;
    set $MAGE_RUN_TYPE = store;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name yourwebsite.co.uk
    set $MAGE_ROOT {{Your webroom}};
    set $MAGE_RUN_CODE = store2_code;
    set $MAGE_RUN_TYPE = store;
}

Note: The above sample code won't just work with copy and paste, instead you will need to replace the values with your website specific values and copy the necessary configs from here and place it appropriate section of your website / web-server configuration

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


K-23C is a gorgeous wooded lot that is nicely set back from the road. You can easily walk to the world class surf of Playa Guiones with kids or longboard in tow. The lot is fronted by a small stream along the road that is bordered by a grove of native palms, this provides a green barrier between the building pad and the street. Located walking distance to the Bodhi Tree Resort and the Harbor Reef Hotel, this lot is priced to sell and is perfect for your Nosara surf house.


text:
Q: How can I disable the function to add new update repositories? In our environment, we are using our own update site (mirrors of the update repositories) to lower the traffic and to make the support easier, and we want that the users are using only this update site of us ... is it possible to disable the function to add new update sites?

A: If you want to add your own update sites to an eclipse installation, you'll want to use P2 touchpoints to handle this, there is a question regarding this. This will make sure that your local mirrors are added to the users Eclipseinstallations.
As for disabling the ability to add update sites, afaik there is no way to do this in Eclipse without resorting to manipulating the code in Eclipse. If this is an important safety feature for you, you should look into products such as Genuitecs Secure Delivery Center.


Jayesh Ranjan is a member of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) of the 1992 batch and working in the state of Andhra Pradesh. He holds a Masters Degree in Psychology from Delhi University, a degree in Business Management from the Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta, and a Masters in Public Management from Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore.
He has also done short courses in the University of Birmingham (on Environmental Policy Analysis), London School of Economics (on Globalization and Leadership), and Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (in Public Policy). He is the All-India topper of his IAS batch of 1992. He was awarded World Bank's Social Capital Visiting Scholarship in 2002 and the British Government's Gurukul Chevening Scholarship in 2005. He has done international consultancy assignments for the World Bank and UN-ESCAP, and international NGOs working for Youth Issues like YES, Inc of the USA and NMC from Italy. He is a part of the National Pool of Trainers in Leadership constituted by the Government of India, and is involved in training and mentoring newly recruited Civil Servants.
Jayesh Ranjan is the Managing Director of the Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (APIIC). APIIC works towards identifying industrial development opportunities in the state, attracting investments, and providing the required infrastructure support to the industrial units. His previous assignments have been in the Tourism Department of the state government as its Secretary, and in Hyderabad Urban Development Authority (HUDA) as Vice Chairman, both for 3 years each, and various rural assignments in different parts of the state for over 12 years, working in diverse sectors like Tribal Development, Natural Resources management, Poverty Alleviation and other related Social Development Sectors.
Jayesh Ranjan supports many social, cultural and charitable causes, and is on the Board of United Way (Hyderabad), Save A Child's Heart (SACH) Foundation, Young Lives India, APMAS, ML Jaisimha Sports Foundation, Hyderabad 10 K Foundation, Vijaya Foundation Trust, Ushalakshmi Breast Cancer Foundation, LSN Foundation, Tejas Foundation, and Hockey Hyderabad.
Mr. Shakti Sagar - Managing Director, ADP Pvt. Ltd.
Shakti Sagar is the Managing Director of ADP Pvt. Ltd., a fully owned subsidiary of Automatic Data Processing, Inc. USA with revenues of over USD 11 Billion. He is responsible for the Indian operations of ADP, with centers at Hyderabad and Pune having of over 7500+ associates.
He was recognized as "The 'Game Changer' CEO of the Year 2013" by the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) India, at its Annual Conference 2013 in Gurgaon, for playing a prominent role in leading the business strategy, people strategy, industry presence and corporate social responsibility of the organization from the top, reflecting its values, partnering internally to encourage the practices that bring out potential and embodying strong organization philosophies. This award recognizes a CEO who focuses on understanding new trends and techniques in the industry and empowers his/her team to innovate in order to be able to grow both from a business and people standpoint.
He has over thirty five years of cross-function experience in the Office Automation & IT/ITES industry. He has worked with start-up ventures and played a major role in the successes of these organizations.
Shri Hari Ranjan Rao, a 1994-batch IAS officer, has 20 years of work experience in various assignments as District Collector, Project Director in Urban Administration Department, Managing Director of Madhya Pradesh.State Tourism Development Corporation and Commissioner, Tourism.
Besides being the Secretary in the office of Hon'ble Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, he is also the Secretary in the Departments of Information Technology & Public Service Management of the State, Managing Director of MP State Electronics Development Corporation and Chief Executive Officer of Madhya Pradesh Agency for Promotion of Information Technology [MAP_IT]. He is the Chairman of MPOnline Limited [A joint venture company between the Government of Madhya Pradesh and TCS] and a member on the Board of Governors of IIITDM, Jabalpur and IIITM, Gwalior.
A proficient administrator by profession and engineer (electronics) by qualification, he takes keen interest in development works and keeps himself abreast with the latest technology updates. His contributions in the areas of IT applications in Government have been widely appreciated and have won several national & international awards for the state of MP.
Sanjeevan Bajaj is Chief Executive Officer of the FICCI Quality Forum, which is FICCI's specialized Division for training and consultancy in a wide range of areas related to quality management.
She started her career with banking and subsequently moved to management consultancy. During her banking career spanning fifteen years, she headed diverse functions ranging from priority sector lending to corporate finance and personal banking. Thereafter she worked with Tata Consultancy Services Ltd for over ten years managing consultancy projects in India, USA, UK and Australia. One of the flagship consultancy assignments led by her during her years with TCS was on developing a assessment-improvement framework for excellence in government service delivery. The recommendations from this assignment have been accepted by the Government of India and the framework which is named "Sevottam" (Hindi for service excellence) underlies recent Citizen Service Guarantee legislation in the country.
Ms. Bajaj holds a doctorate in Management from the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.
Sanjib Das - Sr. Director and Head of Service Delivery, Ericsson Global Service (I) Ltd.
Sanjib Das is an Engineering Graduate in Mechanical Engineering from REC Jaipur and a core ICT professional with 20+ years of experience in business strategy definition, process management, program management and IT transformation for ICT services engagements. A leader by example and an excellent motivator Sanjib is Sr. Director and Head of Service Delivery function at Ericsson Global Services India and a key member of the leadership team.
In his current position he is playing a significant role focused on enabling business growth, reducing costs and improving business productivity. He has been instrumental in maintaining delivery excellence through process and quality initiatives. Data, facts and figures being at his fingertips, he is successful in setting up a PMO framework to establish a strong delivery governance system for managing projects and service deliveries globally while maintaining a strong culture of innovation in project management process and practices. Prior to Ericsson, Sanjib was leading the service delivery for several key telecommunications client engagement for IBM and has been prime driver in growing multiple key accounts.


text:
© Firstview/VOGUE.COM
Danielle Scutt
And They're Off
By Jessica Bumpus 7 November 2008
WE knew On|Off, London Fashion Week's showcase for emerging and established fashion design talent, was on the move (read more here) and now we know where exactly its new home will be.
From next season, it will sit side by side with London Fashion Week's Natural History Museum venue at The Science Museum in South Kensington, instead of the Royal Academy of Arts in central London.
"We've enjoyed four successful years at the Royal Academy of Arts and showcased some enviable designers over the seasons. We are really excited about the new venue and look forward to using our cutting edge approach and technology to create a unique environment for our designers," Lee Lapthorne, founder and creative director of On|Off explains.
The On|Off catwalk shows and designer exhibition will take place on Level 2 of The Science Museum and run from February 22 to 24 2009. Danielle Scutt and Sinha-Stanic were among the designers who showcased their collections with the event last season.
Danielle ScuttSinha-StanicNews
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PINTAS UTAMA SDN BHD (PUSB) was established on 28th of May 1994, is a 100% Bumiputera company that provide civil engineering and infrastructure works. PUSB is a G7 contractor and registered with CIDB, PBKU, MOF, SPAN & UPN. With the in-depth and vast experienced of the director and the key personnel in the civil engineering and infrastructure works, PUSB was certified with Quality Management Certificate ISO9001:2015 and has successfully built its presence as one of the top construction company in Malaysia. PUSB has expended steadily to include a full range of construction work such as earthwork, roadwork, slope work and sewerage. This company managed by experienced & qualified personnel who is specializing in different areas of construction industry thus ensuring a smooth operation of each project.
Currently PUSB is responsible for 'Projek Penyelenggaraan Cerun Di Jalan Persekutuan Dan Jalan Negeri Semenanjung Malaysia Melalui Kontrak Jangkamasa Panjang Mulai Tahun 2017. Semua Kerja-Kerja Pembaikan Cerun Yang Merangkumi Kerja Awalan, Reka Bentuk Dan Pembaikan Fizikal (Reka Dan Bina) Termasuk Kerja Kecemasan Cerun Bagi Jalan Persekutuan Dan Jalan Negeri Semenanjung Malaysia Dan Kerja- Kerja Pengumpulan Data '. This Project is under surveillance of 'Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia (JKR), Cawangan Kejuruteraan Cerun (CKC) '. In order to alleviate the government's burden, PUSB is applying a Comprehensive Concession proposal for a better management system of the slopes along Federal Road and State Road of Peninsular Malaysia in a long run which offers corrective and preventive approaches.
Towards realization our visions, we will strive for profitable growth, operational excellence, customer satisfaction and strong brand positioning.
To become the recognized leader in construction of infrastructure services.
To be the best partner for clients, suppliers, employees and stakeholders.


Genius. Simply genius. Good Buy Gear is PERFECT for us moms who want to get a little extra cash for our gently used baby and kids gear, but simply do not have the time to take photos, write descriptions, list online, negotiate, then wait around for someone to show (or not show!) to take the items. I have tried this for years. I have hired local teenagers to help me list items, take photos and measurements—it's exhausting. Luckily, Jessica and Kristin came into my life one gorgeous spring Saturday this past April.
First, there is the white glove treatment where they clear you out of unwanted baby, child and family gear, store them in their warehouse, then do the listing, negotiating, selling, and delivery, all for you with only a 30% commission on sold items.
Second, parents can upload their own items directly to the website with a 20% commission taken on items sold.
Lastly, what about all the items they come and get? They are all listed on their website, www.goodbuygear.com for retail internet shoppers.
The payout. Good Buy Gear pays all parents directly to a Paypal account, Venmo account, Good Buy Bucks (store credit) or the old-fashioned snail mail check, when the item sells. If after 60 days online, and after a discount, said item isn't sold, they will donate the item on your behalf. This to me is one of the best aspects of the company; Jessica and Kristin will donate all your items to local non-profits and send you the tax receipt. I'm sorry, but that's like saving me three hours every season dropping goods off at non-profits. Plus, I feel this is a critical decision when you just want the item / stuff out of your house, they do it for you, it's gone!
My experience was obviously the white glove treatment and Jessica and Kristin literally showed up in white gloves. I had most of my items ready to go in an area of my garage. They came, they took, listed each item with photos, a description and fair-market price that had been researched, and send you links to approve. DONE. It's been roughly three weeks since my items have been listed and two have already sold and I have received my tax donations in the mail. Genius. Simply genius.
To find out more how to buy awesome baby and kid items for discounted prices or sell your own, go to GoodBuyGear.com.


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Benicio Del Toro and Laura Dern's 'Star Wars 8' Characters Revealed
Benicio Del Toro and Laura Dern's Star Wars 8 Characters Revealed
— May 24th, 2017
Tomorrow we celebrate the 40th Anniversary of Star Wars: A New Hope, which arrived in theaters May 25, 1977. Today, however, we celebrate the upcoming sequel Star Wars: The Last Jedi, which brings us new worlds, new characters and a whole lot of never-before-seen Jedi moves. While a huge portion of the cast is returning from 2015's The Force Awakens, we're also getting three new main characters. Rose was revealed at Star Wars Celebration a few months ago. But today, we finally learn who Benicio Del Toro and Laura Dern are playing.
Vanity Fair and Annie Leibovitz have teamed with Disney and Lucasfilm for their traditional Star Wars preview, which they have been doing for every movie since 1999's Phantom Menace. Part of the celebration includes the big reveal of who Benicio Del Toro and Laura Dern are playing, along with their first character portraits, which you can see below.
These three new characters are the complete invention of director Rian Johnson. And they begin with Benicio Del Toro, who is playing a character referred to as DJ, though he goes unnamed in the movie. Which is unique for Star Wars, and it will be interesting to see how this is handled when it comes time to drop the action figure. DJ is called a 'shady character' who's allegiances are unclear. About calling Del Toro DJ on set, Rian Johnson says this.
"You'll see, there's a reason why we call him DJ..."
And now the speculation begins as fans start to pull apart those initials. He is dressed a bit like Han Solo, and has a very swarthy look, as you can see in the images below. Next up in terms of important new faces in the Star Wars galaxy is Laura Dern. She is a prominent officer in the Resistance, and her name is Vice Admiral Holdo. As you can see in the image below, she has pinkish-purple hair, something rumors have been telling us for months. So, expect some of the other leaks we've heard about Star Wars 8 to be somewhat true.
Related: Mark Hamill Takes a Vow of Silence on Star Wars Movies
You can see Rose once again in a cast shot that also features returning characters Finn, Poe Dameon and General Leia. She is played by Kelly Marie Tran, and as we learned at Star Wars Celebration, she is a maintenance worker for the Resistance. She has the largest new part in the movie, and is involved in a mission behind enemy lines, something else we've long heard rumored. Together, Finn and Rose travel to a casino planet called Canto Bight, which we'd previously heard called Canto Bite. The place is described as looking like Monte Carlo.
Not pictured is Rose's sister Paige. She is a gunner being trained by Poe Dameron. She is played by a Vietnamese actress named Veronica Ngo. Though we don't get to see her in these Annie Leibovitz photos, we do get to see DJ, Holdo and Rose.
Topics: The Last Jedi, Star Wars
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Mark Hamill Reveals His Favorite Moment from The Last Jedi


Rule-breaking bailiffs are causing people increased stress, anxiety and financial hardship, according to new research published today by Citizens Advice and StepChange.
The charities are calling for the government to step in and regulate the industry to prevent more people suffering at the hands of debt collectors who flout the rules.
New figures reveal that one third (850,000) of the 2.2 million people contacted by a bailiff in the last two years experienced them pushing the limits of the law - such as by forcing entry into a home or removing goods needed for work.
This works out as one person every minute being forced to deal with a rule-breaking bailiff.
The findings suggest the government reforms introduced in 2014 to protect people from unfair practices are not working. Since then, Citizens Advice has reported a 24% rise in bailiff problems, and it remains one of the most common debt issues it helps people with.
1 in 16 (6%) had entry forced into their home.
Citizens Advice analysed these figures and is also concerned bailiffs demonstrate poor practice by refusing to accept reasonable offers of payment when the debt is unable to be paid in full. It helped people with nearly 17,000 issues associated with a refusal to accept payment offers last year.
In one example, Citizens Advice helped a person with depression who fell behind on their council tax two years in a row. This debt amounted to about £1,000. After food and other essential expenses, they have £40 available income each month with half (£20) being used to meet the cost of the first year's council tax debt. Recently, they made an offer to repay the other debt with the remaining £20 of available income. But the offer was refused and the bailiff insisted on asking for repayment in full.
The charity's data shows that this situation is not unusual. The average person it helped with council tax last year had just £15 a week disposable income.
Bailiff issues are part of a wider problem of households falling behind on essential bills. Citizens Advice estimates households have a total of £19 billion of arrears on bills such as council tax and utilities. Since 2011, these debt issues have overtaken the number of consumer credit issues (e.g. loans and credit cards) that people are seeking the charity's help with.
The impact of bailiff use has also been highlighted this year by MPs on the Treasury Select Committee, who labelled government and local authorities "worst in class" for debt collection. In September, the National Audit Office said there was evidence that aggressive enforcement action is ineffective, and can be harmful in situations where the debtor is struggling to pay.
Citizens Advice, StepChange and the other 9 organisations that make up the 'Taking Control' group are calling for an independent body to be introduced to enforce high standards in the bailiff industry.
Through the Ministry of Justice's upcoming consultation on the enforcement industry, the group wants to see an independent bailiff regulator established.
"Too often bailiffs, and the firms they work for, are a law unto themselves. This is inflicting widespread harm on people and their families and it has to stop.
"The 2014 reforms were well intentioned but sadly have had little effect on improving the behaviour of some bailiffs.
"The fact is that all the main debt advice charities are continuing to see too many cases where bailiffs are breaking the rules. This is completely unacceptable, especially as the people on the receiving end are often distressed, vulnerable and unempowered.
Citizens Advice has published this research in its new report 'A law unto themselves: How bailiffs are breaking the rules'.
In our national polling, co-commissioned with StepChange Debt Charity and conducted by YouGov, we asked 5786 people in England and Wales if they had been contacted by bailiffs.
As our polling was nationally representative we aggregated this number to reflect the ONS estimate of the adult population of England and Wales (46.25 million) to find that 2.2 million people were contacted by bailiffs in the last two years, with 850,000 experiencing a bailiff breaking the rules. This is likely to be an underestimate. Money Advice Trust research found that 2.3 million debts were passed to bailiffs in 2017. Our polling relied on people recalling an interaction with bailiff in the last two years and - due to stigma associated with indebtedness - may have been underreported.
As part of the package of reforms introduced in 2014, the National Standards state that bailiffs 'should not press people to make unrealistic offers' and should 'refer reasonable offers onto the creditor'. This does not appear to be happening in practice.
1.84% of those within our nationally weighted polled had personal experience of bailiffs breaking the rules within the last two years. When extrapolated to the adult England and Wales population (46.25 million), we can estimate that 850,000 are experiencing these rules breaks nationally over a two year period, equaling 425,000 per year. Enforcement agents operate between the hours of 6am-9pm, 7 days a week, thus we can estimate that approximately 78 individuals are contacted by bailiffs every hour resulting in more than 1 per minute.
Citizens Advice published Hidden Debts in August estimating households estimates the total level of household bill debt - owed to essential service providers and government - to be nearly £19 billion. It also responded to the Treasury Select Committee and National Audit Office reports.


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The YCBC Blog.
Not your typical social justice blog. We firmly believe that youth-led activism creates the most powerful, long-lasting changes.
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Confessions of a High School Activist: Why We Need to Change How Change is Viewed
Posted on May 31, 2015 May 31, 2015 by youngchangebestchange
Out of a public school with over 2,700 students, only seven people are in my school's Amnesty International club.
I crunched the numbers and that comes out to around 0.0026% of students that are interested in social activism. This was an accurate representation of my reaction.
For those that may not know, Amnesty International is a global organization that encourages youth to start clubs at their schools and advocate for social justice issues. It usually has large membership rates at collegiate level and some high schools, but the math I did certainly didn't indicate much popularity at my high school. I was a little shocked that more individuals weren't interested in making a difference, especially when I compared it to other statistics and figures.
For example, the odds in someone's lifetime of getting hit by a car is about 1 in 491, or 0.0020 percent. That means it's just as likely that you'll be killed in a car accident in your lifetime than see someone in Amnesty International at my school. I don't especially want to get killed in a car accident anytime soon, and I don't think you do either. But these figures shouldn't even be comparable to each other.
People will point out that maybe Amnesty just hasn't promoted itself enough, or that people don't necessarily know what it is they do so they haven't signed up. But even if these statements are true, it's still a woefully inadequate number.
Breaking It All Down
If someone looked at these statistics from a glance, they would probably come to the assumption that kids at my school just don't care about social issues. Then insert a stereotypical comment rationalizing this by saying the current generation is too wired up to their devices to actually do anything, and now a reasonably likely scenario just landed on the table.
Many would write these students off as a lost cause, but that would be a huge mistake. I don't believe in giving up on 2,663 students so easily, and I don't believe in generalizing them into one single group either.
These are 2,663 individuals with different tastes, ambitions, passions and aspirations. These are 2,663 individuals who all (hopefully) have at least a basic sense of empathy and compassion. Yet, I can see why they might be hesitant to join.
FIghting that High School Mentality
In my high school, caring about social issues is not exactly considered cool. It's much more socially acceptable to talk about the latest football game than the latest tragedy in Nepal. It's not always pleasant to discuss issues like this, but it's the unfortunate truth that these issues are occurring whether we talk about them or not.
We can't make these problems go away by only speaking about them, but talking can be the first step towards change. If a simple conversation has the chance to inspire someone to take action, then why not take that chance?
Activism is cool. It's the kind of purposeful work that no football game can fully replicate. I would rather get a few strange looks for mentioning something that matters as compared to following the status-quo and keeping my mouth shut.
So right now, 0.0026 percent of my school is interested in social activism. But I have a feeling it won't stay like that for long.
Written By: Sam Gorman, Founder of Youngchange-Bestchange
How is activism perceived in your school? Let me know in the comments section below!
Find out more about Youngchange-Bestchange's new social media campaign #wearechange here.
We recently interviewed an individual in Nepal to find out firsthand what conditions are like as they attempt to recover from last month's devastating earthquake.
Remember to stay connected with us on Facebook and Twitter as well!
Tags: activismCategories: activism
Youngchange-Bestchange believes that change stemming from the younger generation can be the most powerful. Together, we will explore hot political topics and social injustices, all with an emphasis on how youth can make an impact.


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Grief Out Loud
Remember the last time you tried to talk about grief and suddenly everyone left the room? Grief Out Loud is opening up this often avoided conversation because grief is hard enough without having to go through it alone. We bring you a mix of personal stories, tips for supporting children, teens, and yourself, and interviews with bereavement professionals. Platitude and cliché-free, we promise! Grief Out Loud is hosted by Jana DeCristofaro and produced by The Dougy Center for Grieving Children & Families in Portland, Oregon. www.dougy.org
Remember the last time you tried to talk about grief and suddenly everyone left the room? Grief Out Loud is opening up this often avoided conversation because grief is hard enough without having to go through it alone. We bring you a mix of personal stories, tips for supporting children, teens, and yourself, and interviews with bereavement professionals. Platitude and cliché-free, we promise! Grief Out Loud is hosted by Jana DeCristofaro and produced by The Dougy Center for Grieving Children & Families in Portland, Oregon.
Ep. 112: A Cinematic Love Story - John & Melissa 0
In Episode 111 we talked with Marie, whose husband Jonathan died suddenly and very unexpectedly from a drug overdose. In this episode we're talking with another young adult whose spouse died, but this time after almost a decade of living with cancer. John and Melissa met back in the 90's and dated for a few years before getting married. For John, this was a relationship like none other. One that was rooted in a deep sense of love, appreciation, and care. Melissa helped John to feel feelings he didn't think he would ever experience. Melissa died just over two years ago and in the past few months, John put plans in place to radically change up his life. He's exploring the question - How do we love and care for ourselves in a way that mirrors how the people we're grieving loved and cared for us when they were alive?


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It's been nearly a week since President Trump issued an executive order temporarily restricting travel from seven predominately Muslim countries in the Middle East and Africa. Plenty of confusion about it remains, but administration officials have tried to clarify some of the particulars. When Trump first issued the order last Friday some lawful permanent U.S. residents were detained at American airports, or blocked from boarding planes altogether.
Kamaal Mohamed of Minneapolis — a U.S. citizen — tried to travel with his family from Somalia this week. But in a Facebook video posted Tuesday, Mohamed said airline officials would not allow his wife — who was recently granted a green card — to get on the plane.
"It looks like I'm being denied to bring my family along with me and it's very devastating," Mohamed said.
On Saturday, Fateme Farmad of Minnetonka, a permanent U.S. resident originally from Iran, was detained at the Los Angeles airport. She was traveling with her mother, brother, and 11-month-old son. They were on their way back from a wedding in Iran.
Immigration officials were polite, but provided her with few answers.
"After five hours, an officer said to me that you're almost done, just wait for 10 minutes," Farmad said. "One hour passed, two hours. It never happened. I don't know why he kept promising me you're almost done."
Farmad and her family were made to wait 13 hours before they could leave the airport. They were never told why.
Also seeking answers are many members of Congress, including Tim Walz of southern Minnesota. The DFLer says he has always had a good relationship with Customs and Border Protection officials at the Twin Cities airport. And they've always answered his questions, whether about security procedures or screening lines.
"They just had a prepared statement. And they were very clear that they've been instructed not to answer any questions. And these are folks I've known for a decade," Walz said.
Walz sent a long list of questions to Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly on Tuesday. Among them: How many people, if any, have been detained at the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport? Are dual citizens being screened for removal? Are CBP officials in the Twin Cities complying with the temporary restraining orders issued by four federal judges?
So far, Walz says he has no indication that anyone has been detained at MSP. But he says it's illegal for the Trump administration to evade Congressional oversight.
"Whether it becomes a constitutional crisis or not depends on how well they're willing to fix this. But you as the executive branch do not get to say no to the oversight of the legislative branch."
At a news conference Wednesday, Homeland Security officials tried to clarify how Trump's executive order is being implemented. Secretary John Kelly says the agency is complying with all court orders. And acting Customs and Border Protection Commissioner Kevin McAleenan said in the first 72 hours of the order, around 500,000 foreign nationals were allowed in to the United States.
"We denied boarding to 721 travelers who had visas from the affected countries. But we actually processed for waivers 1,060 lawful permanent residents of the United States as well as an additional 75 waivers granted to immigrant visa and non-immigrant visa holders."
McAleenan said visa-holders from the seven affected countries, Somalia, Syria, Libya, Yemen, Sudan, Iran and Iraq, will be denied boarding at overseas airports. And travelers with dual citizenship will be vetted based on the passports they present. On Wednesday, White House spokesperson Sean Spicer said green card holders no longer need a waiver.
Twin Cities immigration lawyer Chris Lee is urging his clients to be patient while opponents of Trump's order figure out their next moves in court.
"Just give it time so that we can fight back. All the organizations are getting together, and hopefully we can push back," Lee said.
More legal challenges are already in the works. Minnesota Attorney General Lori Swanson Wednesday joined a lawsuit by Washington State. It alleges Trump's action violates the Constitution's equal protection and due process clauses, as well as a 1965 immigration law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of nationality.


To maximize the endurance of a LiveOS image, several elements of the LiveOS design deserve consideration.
Use a persistent home.img file system to mount on the /home folder (discussed on main page, LiveOS image#Home filesystem).
This is a very effective method to avoid consumption and will also make the user files more available for sharing and backup purposes.
Mount more folders onto temporary, in-memory filesystems (like /var/tmp, & /tmp are now).
/var/spool/abrt (holds often large, error reports and core dumps). Users could be advised to act on any abrt reports in the current session or copy the reports to other permanent storage, such as in /home/ or external storage.
This procedure is not thoroughly validated, may not work, and may destroy your data.
While the system continues to function, the root filesystem has been remounted read-only. You will probably see errors due to this restriction.
Once the system is shut down, possibly by a hard reset, you may attempt to recover the filesystem with the procedure below, though success is not certain.
where overlay_size and size_increase are given in 512 byte units.
# dmsetup create devicename --table "0 13635584 snapshot 7:1 7:2 PO 8"
devicename in the last line may be any string.
loop1 and loop2 (and the corresponding 7:1 7:2) may be any free loop devices; just substitute the appropriate node numbers.
where devicename is the string you used in the dmsetup create command.
to verify if the filesystem could be repaired.
Once you have a working filesystem, you may want to merge your overlay into the original filesystem as described below to recover unused storage space.
The invalid bit is 00 at byte 5 of the overlay.
Then, proceed with the recovery instructions, above, as given for the overflow condition.
A new root filesystem image can be constructed by using some Device-mapper tools.
Device-mapper's mirror target allows one to create a 'mirror' image of the LiveOS root filesystem (the snapshot based on the SquashFS and overlay device). The mirror image can be then be recompressed, and if one has an additional 1.5 GiB or more of free space (more depending on how much software or other root filesystem files have been added) on your underlying device filesystem (the USB/SD card filesystem), one can delete the old SquashFS image and replace it with the recompressed version.
The snapshot overlay can then be reset before rebooting the LiveOS device.
The following Bash script demonstrates the process, where the $1 parameter is a mount point directory for a disk partition with sufficient storage capacity (a LiveOS folder will be created there for holding the mirrored filesystem), and $2 is the LiveOS device node name (such as, /run/initramfs/livedev, for the currently booted LiveOS image, or /dev/sdc1, for example, for an attached LiveOS device). Options xtrace and verbose have been set to aid debugging.
Test and practice the following script!
# with the refresh, and reset the overlay.
# Mount the source device and SquashFS.
printf '\n  No persistent overlay for the filesystem was found.
# Remove live-osimg-min; free its loop devices.
# Prepare temporary devices for the Device-mapper mirror target.
table="0 $BLOCKS snapshot $roORIGFSDEV $OVDEV P 8"
dmsetup create ori --readonly --table "$table"
# Invoke mirror target device.
table="0 $BLOCKS mirror core 2 32 sync 2 /dev/mapper/ori 0 $NEWFSDEV 0"
dmsetup create mir --table "$table"
# Wait for mirror completion.
# Check the new filesystem.
# Replace SquashFS or uncompressed root filesystem image.
# Try to unmount the TMPDIR.
Note: If the above script is invoked on a currently booted LiveOS root filesystem, the system will be scheduled for a reboot one minute after the script completes.
The Device-mapper snapshot-merge target also allows one to merge changes in a persistent snapshot into the original filesystem (See notes from Andrew Gilmore).
# Mount source device, SquashFS, if needed.
# Prepare temporary devices for Device-mapper snapshot-merge.
# Invoke snapshot-merge target device.
dmsetup create merge <<< "0 $BLOCKS snapshot-merge $NEWFSDEV $OVDEV P 8"
# Wait for merge completion.
# Clean up from merge.
The mirror method copies and merges in one pass, while the snapshot-merge method copies the original filesystem first and then merges in the changes. I've found the mirror method to be about 15% faster.
editliveos is a Python script that performs overlay merging and, optionally, other Live OS editing. It is available in Version 25 of the livecd-tools package.
The method of mirroring the LiveOS was adapted from Douglas McClendon's ZyX-LiveInstaller.
This page was last edited on 24 October 2017, at 01:49.