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VIDEO: Synopsis & Sneak Peek of Tonight's Once Upon a Time, Season 4, Epi 11 "Shattered Sight"
December 7, 2014 By Funmbi Leave a Comment
Watch a preview of Once Upon a Time season 4, episode 10, "Shattered Sight," airing at 8:00pmET tonight on ABC.
Last week's episode of Once Upon a Time was pretty tough to watch. Snow Queen/Auntie Ingrid's (Elizabeth Mitchell) Spell of Shattered Sight was descending on Storybrooke, and everyone was sprinting to figure out how to stop it. While the fairies were trying to create an antidote, Emma (Jennifer Morrison) and Elsa (Georgina Haig) were using a locator spell and Anna's (Elizabeth Lail) necklace to try and track her down. In the mean time, Rumple (Robert Carlyle) was creating all sorts of trouble, trying to amass enough power in the Sorcerer's hat so he could free himself from the dagger and then leave town with Belle (Emilie de Ravin) and Henry (Jared Gilmore).
But the most difficult thing to see was how Rumple used Killian (Colin O'Donoghue) to do his dirty work. When Killain unleashed the hat on the fairies in Granny's…he looked so torn and apologetic when hiding out behind the lunch counter.
With that said, there was some good news! We found out that Arendelle had been frozen for the last 30 years, and even though Anna and Kristoff (Scott Michael Foster) were now unfrozen, Hans and his dastardly brothers were free too. This is an unpopular opinion, but I just keep waiting for Hans to redeem himself, which seems more and more unlikely to happen. In any event, Elsa's wish on the necklace saved Anna and Kristoff from drowning. Their reunion was so sweet, but there was no time to savor it. By the time they got back to the police station, Shattered Sight had hit town and everyone except for Emma, Elsa, and Anna were compromised.
Two scenes were the most compelling for me: first, Emma and Killian's tearful goodbye (my CaptainSwan feeeeeeeels); second, watching Snow (Ginnifer Goodwin) and Charming (Josh Dallas) cling to each other between their cells, and then once the spell hit, letting go and gazing at one another with mistrust.
In tonight's show "Shattered Sight":
Storybrooke is in a state of chaos with all the residents under the Snow Queen's Spell of Shattered Sight at each other's throats. Emma and Elsa race against the clock to free themselves of the ribbons and take down the Snow Queen and her curse. David can only watch when Regina clashes with Mary Margaret in an epic battle. Meanwhile, Gold gathers Belle and Henry as he prepares to leave town forever, and Will Scarlet looks to square his tab with Hook. Kristoff's thick-headedness leads Anna to a heartwarming discovery. (via ABC)
There's definitely going to be a lot of conflict and animosity in the episode. Check out these two sneak peeks. In the first, we see Regina (Lana Parrilla) is completely under the Shattered Sight spell and trying to break out of the vault where she previously locked herself into. She quickly embraces her Evil Queen persona. And in the second video, Anna is with Snow and Charming in the police station and trying to convince them to remember their love and maybe even break the Snow Queen's spell:
"Snow White's a murderer." YIKES! Here's hoping that Emma and Elsa are able to figure out how to stop the Snow Queen! Take a look at these stills from tonight's episode, and make sure to tune into ABC at 8:00pmET for the new Once Upon a Time.
Filed Under: News, TV Tagged With: ABC, Anna, Arendelle, Belle, Captain Hook, CaptainSwan, Colin O'Donoghue, Elizabeth Lail, Elizabeth Mitchell, Elsa, Emilie de Ravin, Emma Swan, Evil Queen, Frozen, Georgina Haig, Ginnifer Goodwin, Henry Mills, Jared Gilmore, Jennifer Morrison, Josh Dallas, Killian Jones, Kristoff, Lana Parrilla, Mr. Gold, Once Is Frozen, Once Upon a Time, OUaT, photo stills, preview, Prince Charming, Regina Mills, Rumplestiltskin, Scott Michael Foster, Shattered Sight, sneak peek, Snow Queen, Snow White, Storybrooke, video


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Jan Rembowski (12 January 1879 in Warsaw – 26 January 1923 in Warsaw) was a Polish Symbolist painter, pastelist and sculptor. He was also associated with Art Nouveau.

Biography
His father was a landlord and had been a participant in the January Uprising. He took his first drawing lessons from Wojciech Gerson, then studied sculpture at the Kraków Academy of Fine Arts with Konstanty Laszczka. In 1905, he married a French woman, who was there teaching the language, and had two daughters; one of whom, , became an illustrator.

From 1905 to 1907, he studied painting with Józef Mehoffer. During that time, he helped found the "Group of Five" (or "Group Norwid", after Cyprian Norwid) with Leopold Gottlieb, Wlastimil Hofman,  and Witold Wojtkiewicz. The group promoted the idea of a connection between literature, music and the visual arts. He also helped create a group called "Sztuka Podhalańska" in Zakopane, where he often went for his health (he had had tuberculosis). Despite this, he served in the Polish Legions during World War I.

As his health worsened, he had to give up sculpture, as it required too much effort. In addition to paintings, he created interior designs; notably at the sanatorium operated by Dr. Kazimierz Dłuski (1910). He also wrote essays on the folk culture of Podhale and did illustrations for the first edition of a popular alphabet book by . He exhibited frequently and widely until 1920.

Much of his work was destroyed during World War II.

Selected works

References

External links

Polish illustrators
Pastel artists
Symbolist artists
1879 births
1923 deaths
Artists from Warsaw
20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
20th-century Polish painters
20th-century Polish male artists
Polish male painters
Tuberculosis deaths in Poland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Hello all, I believe this is the final post for my Duke of Edinburgh series, one of the challenges I wanted to do was to create care packages for the homeless, but the time never came where I could do it alone or make them myself and handing out packages is a lot to do with a one-person team!
But an opportunity arose when after a Christmas meal with my friends we made too much food and we never liked the idea of wastefulness so we wrapped it as best as we could and set off into the night to deliver these goods to those who were unfortunate.
In total, we had about 8 bags of food to give away, but we couldn't really find that many people on the streets of West London, so we kept walking around aimlessly until we found man-made beds/shelters, there wasn't anyone around but we were sure they would come back and hopefully notice the food we left and that they have a Good Christmas after all.
I hope this encourages you to do something that can help those that live rough on the streets, anything at all that you can do counts towards a better day/life for them. What if you were in their situation? It could happen to you. Do Good.
A x
Duke of Edinburgh, Humanitarianism & Philanthropy, Throwback Thursday
My Perfume Collection
What's In My Bag? I Internship Edition
10K Run to Windsor
Cover Letters That Kill

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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News Sports Politics Opinion For Subscribers NKY Obituaries E-Edition Legals
HIGH SCHOOL-OHIO
Ohio State, Northwestern, UC, UK, Iowa State, others recruiting La Salle's football talent
Scott Springer
GREEN TOWNSHIP - Since winning three straight Ohio Division II titles 2014-2016 with a 40-5 record, La Salle High School has been 14-8. Coach Pat McLaughlin's Lancers went 10-3 in his inaugural year with a pair of playoff wins.
Last season, La Salle struggled at 4-5.
However, the bright side of a stormy year was a youthful line-up that grew by playing as freshmen and sophomores. The Greater Catholic League-South gauntlet remains.
"We don't have an easy game on our schedule," McLaughlin said. "(Lakota) West is going to be good, Mason's going to be good. We're going to Buffalo, we've got a team coming in from Massachusetts, Winton Woods, Cov Cath, that's why you come here. You want to play the best teams, you want to play a tough schedule and you want to get ready for the playoffs."
The names of La Salle's finest who made the pros hang on banners on a building facing the stadium. They include Brent and Garrett Celek, Devier and Julian Posey, Ty Douthard and JK Schaffer.
Laboring in the Lancer weight room are several who would like to have their own banner. Heading to Northwestern in the footsteps of former La Salle greats Jeremy Larkin and Jordan Thompson is Cam Porter who has played varsity since he was a freshman. Porter was a member of the 2016 state champions who now will be mentored and coached by Larkin at Northwestern.
"Jeremy spoke highly of Northwestern and I thought it was the best place for me," Porter said. "Jeremy's like a big brother to me. It'll be awesome for him to coach me up and make me into the best running back I can be."
Porter's injuries held him to 396 yards last season, but he tallied 924 yards rushing as a sophomore.
Jake Seibert is missing some La Salle camp time so he can kick at a prestigious camp on the West Coast. Seibert is 51-for-53 on extra points in two seasons and16-of-19 on field goals. Those numbers are good enough to get him a spot on the Ohio State Buckeyes.
McLaughlin rolled the dice on a youthful defensive backfield last season, which may be paying off already with a trio of juniors getting multiple Division I looks.
Jaylen Johnson tops that list with offers from Ohio State, Cincinnati, Kentucky, Iowa State, Boston College, Liberty, Akron and Toledo. At 6-1 and 205, he's gained 40 pounds since walking on the field as a freshman. Plus, a 4.4 40-yard dash time is always appealing. Johnson had 28 tackles and an interception at defensive back last season.
"I like to see the offensive coordinator get mad at his quarterback," Johnson said. "It gives me joy. It doesn't matter who they have on the team, it's about the heart. Just because they (opposition) have a five-star athlete doesn't mean he's good. What do you have inside of you? You have the same equipment on. Only thing that matters is who's going to win at the end of the day."
Devonta Smith is a tad smaller at 6-foot and 185 pounds but recently picked up offers from Minnesota and UC at satellite camps along with interest from Kentucky, Toledo, Liberty and Akron. Smith went both ways as a sophomore.
"I'm quick, very fast," Smith said of his skillset. "I'm smart on the field. You've got be smart on the football field, especially when you're running a defense. You've got to be a leader."
Iesa Jarmonis similar to Smith and has recently picked up an offer from the local UC Bearcats in addition to interest from Mid-American Conference schools.
Cole Hildebrandis a tall defensive back who racked up 33 tackles with two interceptions as a junior whose offers include Valparaiso and Butler. At linebacker,Luke Thiemannhas 123 tackles the last two seasons and is drawing attention.
McLaughlin also feels a maturing offensive line with a couple transfers will also be getting looks.


Planning a trip to Derry~Londonderry will land you in the centre of Northern Ireland's culture and creativity. With so much to see and do, our Derry~Londonderry Travel Guide is here to help you plan the perfect short break to the UK's very first City of Culture, awarded the honour in 2013. With over 1450 years of history, this timeless 6th Century city is found on the North-Western landscapes of Ireland astride the magnificent River Foyle. Famous for its contemporary vibes and vibrant personality, a city break in Derry~Londonderry will bring an eclectic mix of history, culture and Irish spirit like no other.
Roam through the city's bustling streets or stroll along the 17th century walls of the only completely walled city in the UK. It's the perfect way to discover Derry~Londonderry's vivid history, contemporary brilliance and their world-renowned friendly generosity. A wander across the impressive Peace Bridge as it curves over the River Foyle leads you to the famous Ebrington Square. As the centre of Derry~Londonderry's cultural events and festivals, Ebrington holds a truly energetic atmosphere, hosting exciting and inspiring celebrations throughout the year.
No matter what season you plan your visit to Derry~Londonderry, this city break promises enthusiasm and gusto by the bucketload. Celebrate the biggest and best of Irish culture with art, music and literature from around the globe! Peruse through our Derry~Londonderry Travel Guide for an insight into the culture and history that makes this North-Western Irish city the perfect place for short break away.
Choose from a wide range of flights and ferries for an easy way to travel to Derry~Londonderry. There's also plenty of handy road and rail links to help you navigate your way around Ireland.
The Translink NI Railway integrates the metro and rail services for easy and accessible journeys between Derry~Londonderry and Belfast. Offering a combination of express services and multi-stop services, you can choose from 6-7 trains per hour at peak times.
The Ulsterbus is also part of the Translink NI Service providing local bus services across Northern Ireland. With regular schedules running day to day, it's the most efficient and cost-effective way to travel to Derry~Londonderry.
The 3 main airports to choose from in Northern Ireland are Belfast International Airport, George Best Belfast City Airport and City of Derry Airport. Serving BA, Ryanair, easyJet and Aer Lingus, you can easily get to Derry~Londonderry from most UK cities within 1 hour.
Whether you prefer to travel by bus, by boat or by taxi, there's loads of great ways to get around in Derry~Londonderry. Within the city walls you can get about on foot and to go further afield, you can use the reliable public transport.
Ulsterbus offers regularly scheduled bus services across the city providing a quick and easy way to see the city sights in Derry~Londonderry.
You'll find many reliable taxi services in Derry~Londonderry with experienced firms such as Derry Taxis, Foyle Delta Cabs and The Taxi Co. From local tours to airport transfers, finding a 24/7 professional taxi service is simple in Derry~Londonderry.
For truly unique view of the city you can opt for a river cruise down the River Foyle. Perfect for a day or night excursion, you can sit back and relax while the city sights of Derry~Londonderry drift past you.
Set on the banks of the River Foyle, the City Hotel Derry is only a stone's throw away from the historic 17th Century walls. Offering spacious and contemporary bedrooms, you can enjoy a home from home in this relaxing and comfortable hotel in Derry~Londonderry.
Found in the North-Western settings of Ireland, Derry~Londonderry is easily accessible for a short break away. From affordable flights and ferries to handy rail and road links, there's a mode of transport to suit your style and your budget. If you're travelling by air, you can choose from Northern Ireland's main airports; Belfast International Airport, George Best Belfast City Airport and City of Derry Airport, all of which offer flights to and from most UK cities. Crossing by ferry provides a short journey from England or Scotland with on-board shopping and entertainment. You can also utilise the excellent cross-border bus and rail links from the Irish Republic.
Travelling by rail in Northern Ireland is a great way to get to Derry~Londonderry. The Translink NI Railway combines metro and rail services for easy and affordable journeys to the city. Whether you've arrived by air or sea, there's a connecting rail journey available to get you Derry~Londonderry.
Flights to Northern Ireland depart from most UK cities to 3 main airports; Belfast International Airport, George Best Belfast City Airport and City of Derry Airport. Supported by BA, Ryanair, easyJet and Aer Lingus, a flight from the UK to Northern Ireland is definitely the quickest way to get to Derry~Londonderry.
Travel from coast to coast within a couple of hours to Northern Ireland from Scotland, England and the Isle of Man. With on-board entertainment and shopping, choosing the ferry is a cost effective and relaxing way to travel to Derry~Londonderry.
Ferry services are available to both foot and vehicle passengers.
Using the public transport to get around in Derry~Londonderry is easy. With so many different ways to explore the city, you can make your way around the sights by bus, taxi or bike. Within the walls you can easily get about on foot but for those travelling further afield the Ulsterbus and NI Railways are a good choice. There's plenty of reliable 24/7 taxi services available should you need it and for a more relaxing approach to sightseeing you can opt for a river cruise on the River Foyle.
You'll find the local bus services in Derry~Londonderry run regularly from the bus station on Foyle Street. With more than 10 routes leading to the surrounding areas in the city, you can plan your sightseeing itinerary the way you want.
The Ulsterbus also provides a day ticket with unlimited travel across the city for a very affordable price.
With plenty of taxi firms around the city there's no need to worry about hailing a cab in Derry~Londonderry. Head to Foyle Street or Duke Street for taxi stands or call one of the many professional 24/7 taxi services available through the city.
Hire a bike in Derry~Londonderry for a leisurely and inexpensive way of exploring the city. There's cycle routes throughout the city centre leading to surrounding areas, and even the countryside. From as little as £12 a day, bike hire in Derry~Londonderry is an experience worth trying.
A trip to Derry~Londonderry offers a diverse mix of shopping opportunities. Perfect for any shopaholic, you can find everything from high-street shops and designer boutiques to traditional Irish gift and craft shops. Shoppers really are spoilt for choice in Derry~Londonderry with something to suit all budgets and tastes. From Foyleside, the largest shopping centre in Northern Ireland to Austins, the world's oldest department store, finding the perfect Irish souvenir or holiday treat couldn't be easier.
Not only the largest shopping centre in Northern Ireland, but also the 'Best Shopping Centre' as acknowledged by NIRSC.
Built on Richmond Street within the historic city walls, this renowned shopping mall is one of the most popular places for retail therapy.
Experience some of the city's history with a visit to Ireland's first department store. Specialising in fashion items and giftware, it's the perfect place for a shopping trip.
With its central location in Derry~Londonderry, you can enjoy a mixture of local and national shops and eat from the many food outlets on offer.
The village of craft and culture with all the characteristics of years gone by. Find plenty of quirky craft shops offering wonderful gifts and Irish souvenirs.
When it comes to eating out in Derry~Londonderry, you're definitely in for a treat. Choose from the finest restaurants, bistros and brasseries in Northern Ireland for a culinary experience you will not forget. Using locally farmed meats, fresh seafood straight from the Irish waters and first-class dairy produce, the city boasts a range of outstanding gourmet delights just waiting to be discovered. With award-winning Taste of Ulster chefs, more than 198 Gold Stars awarded to producers and 3 Product of Geographic Indication Awards, Derry~Londonderry is firmly on the foodie map.
With an enviable reputation for high-quality and creative dishes, you can experience fine dining at its best in this luxurious and celebrated restaurant.
Renowned for their warm and inviting atmosphere, this award-winning restaurant serves traditionally cooked, local and seasonal produce with a contemporary twist.
Winner of the Taste of Ulster Award and a local restaurant for more than 15 years, Fitzroy's offers delightful European cuisine in a friendly and welcoming atmosphere.
From lunchtime meals to evening dining, this restaurant is a favourite in the area! Try tasty, locally sourced food while enjoying a delightful glass of wine or cocktail.
Located in a bustling and lively area of the city, diners can enjoy a la carte dishes focussing on local produce and outstanding quality.
If you're looking for a good night out with a range of traditional Irish pubs and contemporary bars to choose from, then the Derry~Londonderry nightlife will not disappoint. Head straight for the heart of the city centre where the energetic atmosphere really kicks off. Whether you're looking to enjoy live Irish music with a pint of Guinness or want to dance the night away at one of Derry~Londonderry's lively nightclubs, there's a bar and a pint with your name on it.
The perfect place to head on a night out - don't miss the Rocking Chair Inn for a great, friendly atmosphere.
Considered the best place to be for dance music in Derry~Londonderry. You can party the night away in this lively and atmospheric nightclub.
For the best DJs and the trendiest tunes in the city, get yourself to the stylish Earth Nightclub on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays.
A genuinely pleasant local pub with a friendly atmosphere - popular with locals, The Diamond is a great social hub and a good place to meet up with friends.
Home to a nightclub, sports bar and the largest rooftop beer garden in the city, you're sure to have a good night at Downeys.
With an impressive collection of pubs and bars in Derry~Londonderry to choose from, an evening out in the City of Culture 2013 has something to offer everyone. For an authentic night out with the Irish locals try a traditional pub for a pint of Guinness with live music and entertainment. If you're looking for something a little more sophisticated, you'll find plenty of contemporary bars offering a variety of beers, spirits and cocktails to suit your appetite.
Mason's Bar is renowned in Derry~Londonderry for fantastic live music performances and entertainment from local, national and international talent.
Famous for traditional live music and its outgoing atmosphere, you can experience Irish nightlife the way the locals do in this extremely popular bar.
Attached to Peadar O'Donnells, Gweedore Bar is another great place for traditional live bands and modern music in true Irish surroundings.
Described as one of the best live music spots in the city, a night at Sandino's offers an impressive range of musical talents from traditional Irish to popular DJs.
Celebrated for its friendly vibe and Irish tones, visitors to Tinneys Bar can enjoy a pint of legendary Guinness by the warm open fire.
As the City of Culture 2013, Derry~Londonderry is at the heart of Northern Ireland's culture and creativity. Combining its colourful historic background with a contemporary atmosphere, you can find plenty of exciting and inspiring attractions to explore. Celebrate Derry~Londonderry's past and present with a walk along the 17th Century city walls or a stroll across the recently built Peace Bridge. Bringing you an extensive fusion of new and old, Derry~Londonderry is the perfect place to discover Irish history and culture at its best.
As Derry~Londonderry's most historic building, visitors can experience a piece of the city's past. A truly stunning cathedral with displays of artefacts from the Siege.
A modern triumph in the city, connecting the two sides of Derry~Londonderry over the River Foyle. Perfect for those exploring the city sights on foot or bike.
Located in the centre of the city, The Guildhall is a striking and beautiful neo-Gothic building originally built in 1887.
Built between 1614 and 1619, a walk around the historic 17th Century city walls delivers an insight into the colourful history and culture of Derry~Londonderry.
Learn about the Irish people's story of the civil rights movement, the Battle of the Bogside, Internment, Free Derry and Bloody Sunday.
There are loads of great events & reasons to visit Derry~Londonderry and here are just a few!
From popular high-street shops and designer boutiques to quirky Irish gift shops, Derry~Londonderry is a shopaholic's heaven with something to suit all budgets.
Choose from Derry~Londonderrry's finest restaurants, bistros and brasseries to discover locally sourced produce and the freshest seafood around. Finish your meal with a pint of Guinness in true Irish form.
The nightlife in Derry~Londonderry offers a range of traditional pubs, contemporary bars and nightclubs all set in the heart of the city centre social scene.
Enjoy a pint of Ireland's favourite Guinness at one of the many traditional pubs and trendy bars. For a night of live music try Mason's Bar or Peadar O'Donnells Bar.


1 Today I wake with joy, expecting but the happy things of God to come to me. I ask but them to come and realize my invitation will be answered by the thoughts to which it has been sent by me. And I will ask for only joyous things the instant I accept my holiness. For what would be the use of pain to me, what purpose would my suffering fulfill, and how would grief and loss avail me, if insanity departs from me today and I accept my holiness instead?
2 Father, my holiness is Yours. Let me rejoice in it and through forgiveness be restored to sanity. Your Son is still as You created him. My holiness is part of me and also part of You. And what can alter Holiness Itself?
Are you feeling your holiness shining bright and clear today? Did you awaken with joy with the knowledge that you have another day of healing as a gift to you? Have you invited the happy things of God to come to you today? It is always good to start every day with what you want, what you desire, what you value, what you wish for, and what you set your goal to be for the day. When our goal is to use each day for healing and peace, every day can be a happy day, regardless of the events that come our way, because everything in our day becomes a beautiful opportunity for letting go of the blocks to love and stepping deeper into peace and joy. When our days are used in this way we can approach each day with confidence that everything is orchestrated for our highest good.
"The Rules for Decision," (T.30.I) (ACIM OE T.30.II) are helpful in setting us up for each day. They are more ideas than rules of thought, initially, but Jesus says that as we practice these ideas they become habitual rules by which we live. "We seek to make them habits now, so you will have them ready for whatever need." (T.30.IN.1.8) (ACIM OE T.31.IN.1) Thus, we focus the day on not judging what shows up nor the situations where we will be called upon to make a response. "For if you judge them, you have set the rules for how you should react to them." (T.30.I.2.5) (ACIM OE T.30.II.5) We are called instead to turn to the Holy Spirit for guidance in every situation. Our problem is that we forget to ask and make our own decisions. When our desire for truth is deeply sincere, we remember more and more in each moment that we have a Guide to turn to in every situation. We turn to this Guide rather than listening to the ego that keeps us rooted in the illusion, affirms our problems are real, and wants us to believe we have to find our own way to solve them and only cry out for help when our way gets us into difficulty.
Perhaps we woke up today with foreboding and heaviness in our hearts. We may be running scenarios of gloom and despair through our minds. The ego is obsessive in ruminating over thoughts. I find too often that I start my day thinking about what has to be accomplished and feeling stressed before I even get out of bed. The good news is that the thoughts running through our minds are thoughts we are choosing. These thoughts are actively keeping the joy and contentment away. We are doing this to ourselves so we can choose not to listen to the thoughts that forecast a joyless day. We can choose not to make decisions with the ego. When we do, we are turning to the part of the mind that does not know. We are turning to the false self, asking it how to see our day.
Suffering and grief are used by the ego to keep us in the illusion by trying to prove that pain is real and what is going on in our lives is real. Yet when we choose to use every situation to heal the guilt and fear already in the mind, whatever shows up in our day is perfect for that purpose; and we can be happy to see it because we remember it is all for our healing. When our day is used for the purpose of forgiveness, what goes on in the day really does not matter. The only thing that matters is that each situation is being used to bring us closer to awakening to the holiness we are. Thus, we can wake up every morning with a clear goal---we want the joy that comes from waking from this dream. Now we see that everything that shows up is there to help us reach that goal.
When we defend against what shows up or deny responsibility, we are resisting the opportunities presented to us for forgiveness regardless of how they look in the dream. No, they may not, and probably will not, meet the ego's requirements for what makes for a happy day. If we maintain awareness of our goal of healing, everything that shows up becomes useful for that purpose. Lesson 153 says, "In my defenselessness my safety lies." When we are perfectly defenseless, we proclaim that we have nothing to defend against. We are safe, invulnerable, and have no enemies. "Defensiveness is weakness. It proclaims you have denied the Christ and come to fear His Father's anger. What can save you now from your delusion of an angry god, whose fearful image you believe you see at work in all the evils of the world? What but illusions could defend you now, when it is but illusions that you fight?" (W.153.7) We generally tend to think God is punishing us when we have troubles. We wonder why God is doing this to us. This is the god we have made that we fear, but the God of love does not bring us any of the things that we fear and defend ourselves against. God brings us no lessons, nor is He about testing us or building our character.
In our undefended state, we become willing to look at every thought and feeling that comes up. Yes, even our murderous, hateful thoughts are valuable when they are revealed, as they are not true. The trick is to observe them without judgment. The ego operates very effectively in the dark, but when these thoughts are brought to light, they show us the nothingness of the ego. It only seems to have power in the darkness. When we are willing to look at all we are hiding from ourselves and are willing to be vulnerable in the process, the ego becomes weak. We increasingly come to recognize and accept that we are not the ego, and our reality is invulnerable.
Why do we suffer? Why do we believe suffering is even good for us? Why do we believe we need hardship in our lives? Why do we make things hard for ourselves? Why do we self-sabotage? Do we hold the belief that this is somehow what we need to do in order to show how well we can endure? We choose to suffer because we have chosen separation. Separation from God is at the root of our suffering. We chose the ego thought system of sin, guilt, fear, suffering, loss, and death, and now we hold onto that thought system as a way to preserve our identity that comes with the separation. Suffering proves that separation is real and shows us that our vulnerable bodies and personalities are real, and there are events outside of ourselves that cause pain.
When we set our goal for healing, we can rejoice that not only are forgiveness and sanity restored to us, but along with the healing comes the recognition that all healing is of the mind. It is the recognition that nothing outside of ourselves is the source of our pain. The only purpose for pain is to maintain our identity as a separated being, living in the world. As long as we want to hold onto that identity, we will hold onto our belief that we can be hurt by events and people outside of ourselves.
Today, let us choose to welcome the possibility that we are wrong about everything and that what Jesus tells us is the truth. What he tells us is that we can use everything in our day, if we choose, to remember who we are. If that is how we are using time, is it not a joyful thing to know that we have another day in front of us to forgive all that stands in the way of the truth? Is it not a joyful thought to be told that we can never alter our holiness no matter what we think we have done? Is it not a joyful thought that all we have to do is ask and our invitation will be answered? We are not alone in this. We have the Holy Spirit in our minds, Who answers every call and is the bridge between what seems so real in this world and the holiness that is ours.
It reminds me of the Section in Chapter 20, "Entering the Ark," where he says, "You may wonder how you can be at peace when, while you are in time, there is so much that must be done before the way to peace is open. Perhaps this seems impossible to you. But ask yourself if it is possible that God would have a plan for your salvation that does not work? Once you accept His plan as the one function that you would fulfill, there will be nothing else the Holy Spirit will not arrange for you without your effort. He will go before you making straight your path, and leaving in your way no stones to trip on, and no obstacles to bar your way. Nothing you need will be denied you. Not one seeming difficulty but will melt away before you reach it. You need take thought for nothing, careless of everything except the only purpose that you would fulfill. As that was given you, so will its fulfillment be. God's guarantee will hold against all obstacles for it rests on certainty and not contingency. It rests on you . And what can be more certain than a Son of God." (T.20.IV.8) (ACIM OE T.20.V.35) This is how it looks to us when we are in the flow. We learn through inspiration rather than through pain. We are happy learners where all is well even when it does not appear that way to the ego mind.
The only way to know our holiness is to use every opportunity that seems to justify our attack and instead see it as an opportunity to forgive and receive the miracle. It can all be used as a gift to open the door to the peace and happiness within. That is what this worldly classroom is for, and there is only one lesson to be learned. The lesson is to forgive. Forgiveness, in the Course, does not mean forgiving anything real. It is not about overlooking what we have made real in the mind, but it is to recognize that all attack is a call for love. It is about releasing our judgments, grievances, and interpretations of a situation. Forgiveness is to recognize that what we thought our brother has done to us has not occurred because it is all our own dream. Holiness is always in us and only obscured by our thoughts. When they are released for healing, the holy Self we are is experienced and the light in us can shine bright and clear.


I think my idea is secure, fast and easy to be implemented by anyone. No need of special software. All you need is tftp client. My stuff is working under Linux and I am not with "root" privileges when I am doing all that.
In the case I'm describing below 172.16.0.3 is my router and 172.16.0.27 is my Linux box. I am creating ACL #55 on the router, which ACL allows only the Linux box to have tftp access to it.


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The Russia File
Happy Birthday, Gogol and Olesha!
Humor Literature Russia File
March 19 is the birthday of the talented Russian author Nikolai Gogol (who would have been 205). Exactly one month ago, on February 19, another writer (lesser known but hugely talented), Yuri Olesha had his birthday (just a youngster: 115).
Maybe it's something about the number 19 that shaped the lives of writers from two very different centuries – after all, they share more than just this number:
1. Youthful Ideals
Yuri Olesha, the younger of the two, is most famous for his fairytale-esque Three Fat Men (1924), the story of a vastly unequal society and its revolutionary struggles. With humor and a happy ending, the tale is perfect for children – and its simplistic portrayal of revolutionary fervor is something Olesha himself later outgrew and criticized.
Nikolai Gogol lived in a different time, and with no handy revolution to romanticize, he dedicated his debut collection, Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka (1831), to painting a rich, but rosy picture of Ukrainian peasant life. A trip back home in 1832 left him with a fresh perspective, and he called his own work "superficial," even childish.
Our birthday boys! Yuri Olesha on the left, and Nikolai Gogol on the right.
2. Disappointment in Society
With additional perspective came more general disappointment. Gogol set aside his folksy Ukrainian tales for a piercing examinations of the failings of Russian society: The Government Inspector (1836) centers around a fake inspector, while Gogol's most famous work, Dead Souls (1842-ish), shows a man riding around Russia buying up nonexistent people from gullible landowners.
Meanwhile, Olesha's work, already political, started to run afoul of Soviet censorship. After Three Fat Men, he wasn't cheering for revolution anymore: another of his greatest works, the novel Envy (1928), took a more critical look at the role of the intellectual in a new, Soviet Russia – and as so often happens with good books, was banned for several decades.
3. A Flair for the Fantastical
Both Gogol and Olesha attract children at an early age, mostly with silliness. Even before they know the social context or think about what it all might mean, kids can be sucked in by the fanciful images of a balloon seller being carried away by his batch of balloons; a little devil hopping around trying to swallow the moon, and succeeding; a doll that can walk and talk and even has a heartbeat; and even a nose that walks around St. Petersburg all by itself…
4. Wasted Talent
But it wasn't all fun and games for these two great writers. Censorship was no laughing matter in the Soviet Union, and in his later years Olesha was often seen at the Writers' House, penniless, waiting for someone to buy him a drink. His fellow authors recognized his talent – and so were willing to buy him drinks – but the party system refused to find a use for him.
Gogol, too, eventually found himself at odds with the world, but was even more original in how he got there: after a streak of successful publications, he convinced himself that he was a prophet and God's messenger on Earth, and that all his work to date was unworthy of his great mission. It mostly went downhill from there, including a low point during which he famously burned the second volume of Dead Souls.
Ilya Repin's depiction of Gogol burning his manuscript.
5. Not Russian?
As a side note: Russian literature claims both writers as its own, but fun fact – neither author considered himself ethnically Russian. Gogol's Ukrainian background, as previously mentioned, was an important influence on his work; Olesha, on the other hand, was Belorussian, although in the end that had little to do with his work or life.
And one last insignificant coincidence to round it all out? Both authors had Polish roots!
Image credits: lib.rus.ec, Wikimedia Commons
Tags: gogololesharussian literature
Happy Birthday Nikosha Gogol!
Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol is one of Russia's greatest and yet least appreciated writers. Fyodor Dostoyevsky, author of Crime and Punishment, The Brothers Karamazov and other classics, said that "we all came out of Gogol's Overcoat." What he meant is that Gogol was completely unlike any Russian writer who preceded him, and that all Russian literature that followed was indebted to him.
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Call it resilience, grit, or just perseverance – it takes a special sort of person to have survived the last 100 years of Russian and Soviet history.
Murder at the Dacha
Senior Lieutenant Pavel Matyushkin has a problem. Several, actually. Not the least of them is the fact that a powerful Soviet boss has been murdered, and Matyushkin's surly commander has given him an unreasonably short time frame to close the case.
At the Circus
This wonderful novella by Alexander Kuprin tells the story of the wrestler Arbuzov and his battle against a renowned American wrestler. Rich in detail and characterization, At the Circus brims with excitement and life. You can smell the sawdust in the big top, see the vivid and colorful characters, sense the tension build as Arbuzov readies to face off against the American.
Fish: A History of One Migration
This mesmerizing novel from one of Russia's most important modern authors traces the life journey of a selfless Russian everywoman. In the wake of the Soviet breakup, inexorable forces drag Vera across the breadth of the Russian empire. Facing a relentless onslaught of human and social trials, she swims against the current of life, countering adversity and pain with compassion and hope, in many ways personifying Mother Russia's torment and resilience amid the Soviet disintegration.
The Little Humpbacked Horse
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Notable events on this day in Russian history
Mikhail Baryshnikov, dancer, born
Russians liberated the Auschwitz concentration camp, where the Nazis had murdered 1.5 million men, women and children, including more than one million Jews.
Blockade of Leningrad broken after 871 days.
Isaac Babel, writer, killed.
USSR reaches accord with Sun Yat-sen.
Pavel Bazhov, writer, folklorist, born (died 1907)
Dmitry Mendeleyev, chemist, created Periodic Table, born (died 1907)


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Revised: v1.0
Tiny Multi-channel Module for an Aviation Receiver
A 10-channel preset tuning module for a voltage tuned aviation band kit receiver.
I recently purchased one of those low cost aviation band receiver kits from a Chinese seller on the internet. This receiver design has been around for many years, from a variety of suppliers. However, the more recent Chinese-made kits have added some improvements. One type, the version I purchased for less than $US20 including delivery (to the UK), features front end VHF filter coils directly printed on the PCB. This avoids the need for any difficult coil winding or filter alignment. Another version of the design, from other Chinese suppliers, uses standard coils which the vendors claim gives better sensitivity. Some reviews suggest actual results are similar.
Some additional, and most important, changes in these new kits compared with the original 25 year old design have been made around the internal power supply rails in the receiver. The new kits feature much better voltage regulation, more RF bypassing, and better RF isolation. These new kits are also more compact than the original older versions.
Here's a photo of the assembled board:
Figure 1 : Aviation band receiver with printed circuit coils in the front-end bandpass filter
The kit contained good quality parts. No parts were missing, although I had to download the PDF assembly instructions and schematic from the seller's website. The receiver went together quickly and easily. Alignment was equally fast and simple. All that was required was to adjust the tuning coil to give the required tuning range (The little green plastic component with a brass screw in the middle of the PCB), then adjust the IF transformer (The component with the blue coloured adjustment at centre left of the PCB in Figure 1) to give the best received signal strength.
The receiver worked immediately without any difficulties. Most importantly, there were no suggestions of instability or erratic operation. That's in stark contrast to the original version of this receiver that I've have also used. Those older designs could be quite touchy.
The basic receiver design, however, retains one obvious limitation in common with the older versions. Tuning is done using a standard potentiometer. Its 270 degrees of rotation tunes the receiver across up to 30MHz of the aviation band. That's a very fast tuning rate.
Also, there is no indication what frequency you are receiving. In a similar receiver (which I will describe elsewhere on my website in due course), I replaced the standard analog first oscillator with a direct digital synthesis (DDS) oscillator and an LCD display to resolve the problem. This time, however, I wanted to try a cheaper and easier approach. Aside from wanting to see what the new Chinese kit was like to build and use, this was the main reason for purchasing this kit.
Channel Tuning
As I mentioned, this kit receiver's tuning control uses a standard potentiometer. This control adjusts the DC voltage which is connected to a variable capacitor "varicap" diode. That changes the capacitance of the varicap which, along with a small variable inductor, form a resonant circuit. This determines the received frequency.
Replacing the single turn pot with a 10-turn pot can provide a more precise tuning control, but these 10-turn pots are quite tedious to tune if you wish to change between different aviation frequencies, especially in the absence of a frequency display.
Since aviation uses a series of fixed channel frequencies in most locations, another approach is to replace the single turn tuning pot with a set of multiturn preset resistors connected with a rotary switch. Each preset resistor can be set to give a specific voltage would then tune the receiver's oscillator to a specific local channel frequency. Four channels would be enough for most situations, but up to ten channels would be useful. However, this would require a large number of parts, and the final result could be quite expensive. It would also require extra space for a PCB to contain the added parts and front panel space for the switch.
I decided to try an alternative method, using a microcontroller to generate the required preset channel voltages directly. These DC voltages can be generated using the internal pulse-width modulated (PWM) digital to analog converters (DAC) found on these chips. I could then select any one of a number of channels in turn quite easily using a simple pushbutton.
Figure 2 : Channel selection control board during software development next to the receiver
Of course, there are some challenges with such an approach. First, to be able to tune the receiver to any 25kHz channel across the 30MHz-wide aviation band requires 10 or 11 bit DAC resolution, and ideally 12 bit resolution. That's beyond the usual 8-bit resolution range of the PWM DAC systems typically available on most low cost microcontrollers.
Fortunately, the ATtiny family includes several devices with both 8 and 16-bit PWM outputs. However, while a 16-bit PWM output looks attractive, a potential problem is the maximum PWM clock speed when generating such a high resolution output. It's typically around 120Hz if the standard 8 MHz internal clock is used. Filtering the resulting PWM output to remove such a low frequency PWM clock to give the desired DC output is the first challenge, as is the resulting step-time response.
Once again, there are some available solutions. One approach is to use a special synchronized filter on the 16-bit PWM output (See reference 1). This solution is a little more complex, and it also requires an extra I/O pin. However, it certainly delivers excellent performance. An alternative approach is to combine two 8-bit PWM outputs, an idea suggested by the same design engineer a few years earlier (See reference 2). It's a little easier to implement and requires fewer parts, so I decided to try this method.
A further problem which also has to be considered is the output voltage range available from PWM outputs. Typically, these are limited to the supply voltage of the microcontroller, usually 3.3V or 5V. However, most varicap tuning circuits require far higher voltage ranges, often up to 8V or even as high as 32V. The solution for this is to add a buffer stage to the design.
Finally, there's the question of a display. Ideally, we should have a digital display showing the selected frequency. Since I wanted this to be a simple design, I decided to just use a 7-segment LED display to show the selected channel. Additional buttons would allow me to set the required output varicap tuning voltage for each receiver channel.
Design Description
The 14-pin ATtiny84 microcontroller has two independent PWM outputs, and it has (just!) enough pins to also support the required pushbuttons and drive the LED display. One PWM output is limited to 8-bits, but the other PWM output can operate in a number of modes from 8-bits to full 16-bit PWM. These two 8-bit PWM outputs can operate at up to 32kHz from the internal 8MHz internal clock. This 32kHz PWM clock allowed me to use very simple RC-based filtering to convert the PWM output into the required DC tuning voltage.
The resistors on the ATtiny84's PWM outputs (3k9 and 1M) are chosen because they have a 256:1 ratio, required with this method. The subsequent passive RC components provide the simple low pass filtering. The low leakage 1uF capacitor I used is probably a bit of an overkill; A 330nF or 470nF MKT type would also be fine here, and would also speed up the channel to channel tuning time, currently around 200 – 300mS. Although this tuning time might appear lengthy, it is not a problem in this application where most of the time is spent listening on one or two active aviation channels. It's also the reason I didn't consider implementing a channel scan feature.
A low cost rail-to-rail op amp completes the design. This allows the DC output from the filtered PWM outputs to be scaled to the appropriate voltage for tuning the receiver, in this case for the maximum varicap voltage of 8V.
There is one remaining I/O pin free at this point, the Reset pin. I could have reduced the parts count (by two diodes) by directly connecting the Down button to this pin. This requires setting the fuses to remove the reset function from this pin. However, doing this would then require the use of a special HV programmer during development. To avoid that, I added the two diodes and removed that hassle.
The resulting schematic is shown below.
Figure 3 : Channel selection control board schematic - The board is powered from the receiver
The channel tuning module was built on a small piece of prototyping board. The tall narrow board shape matches the dimensions of the kit receiver board. It's a tight squeeze, but it's just large enough to hold the display and its dropper resistors, the ATtiny84, the LMC662 op-amp, and the TS2950 low-voltage-drop 5V low current regulator.
You can see a close-up of the board adjacent.
Figure 4 : All of the components fit onto a small piece of prototyping board which fits alongside the receiver PCB
As usual, I used Bascom-AVR to write the software. It's a Basic-like language which is ideal for such simple tasks. The ZIP file available in the Download section below includes the commented source code for those wanting to look at my awful software in more detail, or for others wanting to change it for their own applications. The ZIP file also contains the HEX file for direct programming of the chip.
The receiver's ten channel memory requires the use of the ATtiny84's internal SRAM and EEPROM. The SRAM holds the channel tuning data while the receiver is turned on. The EEPROM memory allows the tuning settings to be safely saved when the power is turned off. The data is recovered from EEPROM and copied into SRAM when power is applied.
The ATtiny84's EEPROM can be programmed in two ways; You can use a standard programmer to directly program the tuning data into the EEPROM by copying the contents of the EEP file into the EEPROM (That file is found in the ZIP file in the Download section below). This is normally done just once, when you build the receiver. This example file sets up a series of preset voltages across the aviation band. It's an optional method because it is also possible to just use the front panel Up and Down tuning buttons to program the EEPROM memory. If this latter method is chosen, the board will initially start up the first time with every channel set to 0V (Actually, they will all set to about 75mV, the typical ground rail voltage limit when using the suggested LMC662 op-amp). Most folk will probably just use the Up/Down buttons method.
To explain what is going on in the software, let's look at how the receiver is normally used with this module installed.
The "Channel" button selects the required channel. Each press of the button selects the next of the ten available channels, starting (at power up) from channel 1. Channel 10 is displayed as "0". A further push of the button selects channel 1 again.
When the desired channel has been selected, the software recalls the 16-bit tuning data required for the two 8-bit PWM outputs from SRAM. This 16-bit value is immediately loaded as two 8-bit values into the two PWM registers. When the two PWM outputs are combined via the two resistors (3k9 and 1M), filtered, and scaled via the opamp buffer, the output voltage then changes to the new value required for that channel.
The tuning voltage can also be adjusted by the user, if necessary, whenever a channel has been selected, using the Up and Down buttons. Pressing the Up button will increase the output voltage, slowly at first. However, the longer the switch is pressed, the faster the output voltage will increase. This makes setting a channel to another frequency several MHz away somewhat faster. Similarly, pressing the Down button will decrease the output voltage. Together, they allow any voltage to be selected in (approximately) 3mV increments across the 8V output range.
I use a digital voltmeter to monitor the output voltage on pin 1 of the op-amp when I'm doing this adjustment. To save time, I first used the normal single turn tuning pot supplied with the kit to find all of the aviation channels in my area. I then measured and recorded the voltages on the varicap for each channel. Those values were used to calculate the DAC values initially programmed into the EEPROM.
Whenever either the Up or Down button has been pressed, even briefly, a background timer is started. The ATtiny84 will wait for about 10 seconds after the last button has been released, just in case the user wishes to carry out further Up/Down fine tuning, before writing the new value to EEPROM. By waiting, multiple writes to the EEPROM can be minimised. According to the datasheet, any ATtiny EEPROM memory location is limited to a maximum of 100,000 writes. While it's highly unlikely anyone would ever get close to this limit in a channel-based receiver like this, this programming approach minimizes the number of write cycles.
To show the user that this data write to EEPROM had been done, the display briefly shows "P" (for "Programming"). The display then reverts back to displaying the current channel number. It does not matter if the user has subsequently changed channel to another channel within this 10 second window. The software keeps track of this and updates the correct memory with its new value.
Programming the ATtiny84 with the Software
The ATtiny84 has four types of programmable memory:
SRAM – This is memory which contains variables used by the software including the channel data read from EEPROM by the software whenever the receiver is turned on
Flash memory - The program software is saved here once, at build-time
Fuses - These settings determine how some parts of the ATtiny84 operate. These are also saved here once, at build-time
EEPROM – This memory can be programmed with data at build-time, but this data can be later altered by the user (via the Up/Down buttons). These new values are saved again in EEPROM by the program software. EEPROM data is retained when power is turned off.
Flash memory is programmed by the Intel Hex formatted HEX file using a standard programmer such as the widely available USBasp programmer and programming software such as Khazama or Extreme Burner.
The current version of this software occupies less than 2k of flash memory. As a result, the smaller compatible (and similarly priced) ATtiny24 and ATtiny44 chips can also be used in this design.
Fuses are also programmed using the same programmer and programming software using the appropriately labelled tabs in Extreme or Khazama. The settings in this case are:
Lock and Extended: (0ffh)
HIGH: 11010111 (0d7h)
LOW: 11100010 (0e2h)
As noted earlier, I have also provided an example EEP file in the ZIP file available from the Download section below. This is set with a series of voltages spread across the tuning range, just as an example. Again, this file may beprogrammed into the device using Extreme or Khazama via the appropriate tab in the program.
In this design, the flash, fuses and EEPROM may be programmed in any order.
Installation in the Receiver
Remove the tuning potentiometer W1, resistors R21 and R26, and capacitor CP11 from the receiver. (See Figure 5) The component part numbers refer to those marked on the kit PCB.
Figure 5 : The tuning potentiometer and several other parts are removed as part of this modification
Next, temporarily remove the headphone socket (J3) from the PCB. (See Figure 6) This allows us to make some minor changes to allow an internal speaker to be fitted to the receiver. The speaker will then be automatically muted whenever an external speaker or headphones are plugged into this socket.
Figure 6 : The headphone socket is temporarily removed ...
Cut the top-side PCB tracks as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7 : ... to allow changes for the internal speaker and automatic muting for headphones
Now refit the headphone socket (J3) back into the PCB.
Add new jumpers and wiring for the speaker on the solder-side of the PCB as shown in Figure 8. The blue and yellow wires going away to the right of the photo go to a new 8 ohm 1W 50mm diameter speaker which will be mounted into the new receiver case.
Figure 8 : New wiring is added for the internal speaker
The new channel selection control board can now be wired into the receiver. Place it next to the main receiver board as shown in Figure 9. There are just three connections from this board to the receiver; The 8V supply (Red wire in Figure 9) is wired to +8V using the PCB through-hole previously used by R26. The ground wire (Green wire in Figure 9) can be connected to ground using the PCB through-hole previously used by R21. The third (white) wire is the varicap tuning voltage. This goes to the PCB through-hole previously used by the + terminal of CP11. These connections can all be seen in Figure 9 below.
Figure 9 : Connecting the new board requires the addition of only three wires
Receiver Enclosure and Knobs
I wanted to give this receiver a slightly different appearance to the usual bland rectangular box. I also had to allow sufficient space for the additional control board. All of these enclosure parts were all printed on my 3D printer using standard PLA filament printed in 0.2mm layers.
There are five STL-formatted files which are all available for download below. These include the main case, the back panel, the knob, pushbutton caps, and back panel washers. Two knobs are required.
I designed the case with DesignSpark Mechanical while the knobs are a design obtained from Thingiverse and modified slightly in scale to suit the squelch and volume control shafts.
Figure 10 : 3D printed case and rear cover. The rear panel holes are for the antenna and DC sockets.
Figure 11 : The knobs, pushbutton caps and back panel washers are also 3D printed
The receiver board just slides into place. I allowed a little extra space in the slots for slight variations in PCB dimensions. Before fitting, insert the three pushbutton caps through the front panel. The control board can thn be mounted using the 7-segment LED hole as a guide. Before hot-gluing the board in place, check the three pushbuttons are all operating correctly.
Now mount the speaker, again using hot-glue. The speaker I used ia a 50mm (2") diameter flat speaker. With the space inside the receiver enclosure, this speaker delivers a good audio level.
The enclosure is completed by adding the front panel artwork. It is also available for download below.
Figure 12 : The front panel artwork was printed onto paper using a colour laser printer, covered with transparent adhesive film, and glued to the enclosure. Channel details can be added with a marker pen.
There is probably little more that needs to be explained. In normal use, the Channel (CH) button is pressed to select the required channel.
If a channel frequency needs adjustment, press the Up and Down Set buttons to adjust the varicap voltage which, in turn, changes the received frequency. Once correctly tuned, leave the Set buttons alone for about ten seconds, and a "P" (programming) will appear on the LED display. This indicates the new data has been written to the channel EEPROM memory.
Volume and Squelch controls operate as usual. Inserting headphones will mute the internal speaker.
There are a few "enhancements" which could be made to this simple design. For example, the up/down buttons could be replaced by a rotary encoder (and some additional software!) to provide a continuous tuning function.
There is an obstacle to this enhancement: The RC filtering on the simple DAC limits the tuning speed with such an arrangement, and this may prove to be too slow in practice. However, most rotary encoders come with an integrated pushbutton (Pressing the knob inwards on such controls usually closes the internal switch contacts). That switch could be used to select between coarse and fine tuning steps to give a more responsive control. I have not done any work to test this idea, however.
It's also possible to add more memories, but that would need a processor with more pins as well as a larger display, or possibly a change to an LCD display of some type.
This basic hardware used in this design has some other possible applications, some of which I may explore in future. For example, it's possible to use a nearly identical circuit and much of the existing software to adjust the voltage and current settings in a variable power supply. For that application, I could probably use a reduced 10-bit DAC resolution. In turn, that would permit faster adjustment of voltage and current, very desirable in a variable power supply.
Figure 13 : The rear view of the receiver shows the back panel which provides access to the antenna and DC power connectors. It is mounted using four 2.5mm self-tapping screws. I added 3D printed cup washers to improve the overall appearance.
1. Stephen Woodward, "Fast-settling synchronous-PWM-DAC filter has almost no ripple", EDN, May 01, 2008
2. Stephen Woodward, "Combine two 8-bit outputs to make one 16-bit DAC," EDN, Sept 30, 2004
Software: This ZIP file includes the Bascom-AVR source code, the EEP file, and the HEX file for direct programming of the ATtiny24, 44 or 84 chips (Any of these devices may be used)
3D Files: This ZIP file contains all of the industry-standard STL files for the case, back cover, knob, button caps and cup washers.
Panel Artwork: The JPG file for the front panel artwork
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What to Know About Khat Use
More in Addiction
Alcohol Use
Nicotine Use
Coping and Recovery
Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD
Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada.
Verywell Mind articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and mental healthcare professionals. Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Content is reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates. Learn more.
Steven Gans, MD
Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD
Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital.
Ariadne Van Zandbergen / Getty Images
What Does Khat Do?
Signs of Use
Dependence & Withdrawal
Khat (or qat) is a drug found in the leaves of a wild, East African shrub called Catha edulis. The plant contains a central nervous system stimulant called cathinone. Khat chewing is tied to social and cultural traditions dating back thousands of years, mostly in North-Eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, where the plant is widely cultivated.
Twenty million people worldwide use khat. While it has traditionally been a custom associated with older Muslim men, khat's use has expanded to include women and younger people. In Eastern Ethiopia, nearly 30% of adolescent girls and over 70% of adolescent boys chew khat.
Cathinone is a Schedule I Controlled Substance. Khat is illegal in the United States and Canada, but is legal in many other parts of the world, including Ethiopia, Somalia, Yemen, and Kenya, where is it commonly seen as a food rather than a drug (much the way that coffee is viewed in the United States).
Also Known As: Qat, Kat, Chat, Miraa, and Quaadka
Drug Class: Stimulant (khat has a stimulant effect when chewed that is similar to the leaves of the coca plant, which is used for making cocaine)
Common Side Effects: Increased respiration, elevated blood pressure, heart arrhythmias, and dilated pupils; regular use can cause tooth decay, gum disease, ulcers, and constipation
How to Recognize Khat
Khat leaves are usually green or green-brown. When fresh, the leaves have a glossy appearance. As they dry, they turn leathery yellow-brown. Given its appearance, khat is sometimes mistaken for marijuana. The leaves of the khat plant are often packed together in a bundle and wrapped in banana leaves.
People who use khat typically chew fresh leaves, because the active components of the plant break down quickly as they dry out. Dried leaves are sometimes used as a tea, although the effects are less potent.
The Legal Consequences of Drug Use
Khat's effects are similar to those of other stimulants, such as caffeine. People who use khat may become talkative, alert, elated, and experience euphoria. Some people report feeling increased self-esteem. Others describe increased imagination and ideas.
Khat is usually chewed, with people typically holding the chewed leaves in their cheek for several hours, chewing periodically. Chewing sessions typically last 3 to 4 hours.
Khat chewing is an important social ritual among Somali, Yemeni, and Ethiopian cultures.
When people from these countries migrate to other parts of the world, they often use the social act of chewing khat to maintain a sense of connection to their community. The practice has lead to the development of an international drug trade for khat.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the effects of khat consumption are similar to those of strong coffee. Research published in 2011 suggested the effects of khat are seen in the central nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems.
Khat has no approved or evidence-based medical uses in the United States. In countries where its sale and use are legal, khat is sometimes used to treat fatigue, headaches, colds, and depression. People also use khat to experience the effects of euphoria, increased energy, and appetite suppression.
Since it is only a mild stimulant, people sometimes mistakenly believe that khat does not have any serious side effects. But though khat is a relatively low-risk drug, it's associated with an increased risk for a variety of medical complications, including:
It's unclear whether the health risks associated with khat use are directly related to the drug cathinone, the consumption of caffeinated drinks that intensify the high, or if they're partially related to inhalation of second-hand smoke in poorly ventilated chewing houses.
Additionally, many people who use khat do not wash the leaves before chewing (they believe washing the leaves will reduce the drug's potency), so some of these health problems may also be the result of toxic pesticides.
Mental health conditions associated with khat use, including psychosis, have been documented but are not well understood. Khat use is also associated with symptoms of depression, mood swings, and violent behavior.
Research has indicated that khat use can cause relationship and social difficulties, particularly when its use takes men away from their families for extended periods and when a large amount of money is spent on the drug.
Over the last few decades, a small number of deaths have been identified by researchers as being directly or indirectly associated with the use of khat.
If you are concerned that a loved one is using khat, there are some behavior and physical signs and symptoms you can look for. Signs that someone is using khat can include:
Changes in sleep habits
Excitability or hyperactivity
Depressed mood
Signs of Stimulant Use Disorder
Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal
Chewing khat releases the drug slowly. It does not produce the immediate and intense high of addictive drugs such as cocaine and meth.
Khat chewing is traditionally an all-male social activity. Women who chew khat tend to do so alone and in secrecy, putting them at increased risk for dependence.
How Long Does Khat Stay in Your System?
Once consumed, the effects of khat peak after approximately 15 to 30 minutes. The drug has a half-life of approximately three hours.
How Long Drugs Can Be Detected in Your System
Khat might be an addictive drug. The substance is believed to create a physical addiction similar to that of caffeine. However, it is hard to differentiate dependence from addiction to the psychoactive compounds in khat, as there is a lack of criteria to make such a determination.
Research has found that khat use is often associated with the use of other addictive substances. For example, a 2011 study of Yemeni subjects living in the UK found an association between nicotine use and khat chewing. More research is needed to determine the addictive potential of khat.
The severity of withdrawal symptoms ranges from mild to severe, depending on the frequency, amount, and duration of the person's khat use. The symptoms people experience when withdrawing from khat tend to be relatively mild. The possible symptoms of khat withdrawal include:
What Is Withdrawal?
The type of help you will need (and how much help you need) if you want to stop using khat will depend on how long you have been using, how much of the drug you use, and the severity of the symptoms you have related to using and stopping khat.
People who use khat recreationally might be able to stop taking the drug with a combination of guidance from their doctor, a social support network, and self-help strategies. However, people who have been using khat for a long time (chronic use), or who use large amounts of the drug might need more resources and help to quit.
If you or a loved one wants to stop using khat, start by talking to a trusted doctor or mental health care professional. They can help you find the right type of treatment and support. Behavioral treatments, including cognitive behavioral therapy, can be effective for people who want to stop using substances.
If you or a loved one are struggling with substance use or addiction, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline at 1-800-662-4357 for information on support and treatment facilities in your area.
For more mental health resources, see our National Helpline Database.
How to Cope With Drug Withdrawal
United States Drug Enforcement Administration. Drug Fact Sheet: Khat.
Omar YS, Jenkins A, Altena M van R, et al. Khat use: What is the problem and what can be done? Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:472302. doi:10.1155/2015/472302
Corkery JM, Schifano F, Oyefeso A, et al. 'Bundle of fun' or 'bunch of problems'? Case series of khat-related deaths in the UK. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy. 2011;18(6):408-425. doi:10.3109/09687637.2010.504200
Law Library of Congress. Legal status of Khat in selected jurisdictions.
Malasevskaia I, Al-Awadhi AA, Mohammed L. Tea in the morning and Khat afternoon: Health threats due to Khat chewing. Cureus. 2020;12(12):e12363. doi:10.7759/cureus.12363
Al-Mugahed L. Khat chewing in Yemen: turning over a new leaf. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86(10):741-742. doi:10.2471/blt.08.011008
Wabe NT. Chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of khat (catha edulis forsk): A review. Addict Health. 2011;3(3-4):137-149.
Daba D, Hymete A, Bekhit AA, Mohamed AM, Bekhit Ael-D. Multi residue analysis of pesticides in wheat and khat collected from different regions of Ethiopia. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011;86(3):336‐341. doi:10.1007/s00128-011-0207-1
Feigin A, Higgs P, Hellard M, Dietze P. The impact of khat use on East African communities in Melbourne: A preliminary investigation. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2012;31(3):288-93. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00312.x
Corkery JM, Schifano F, Oyefeso A, Ghodse H, Thomy T, Naidoo V, et al. 'Bundle of fun' or 'bunch of problems'? Case series of khat-related deaths in the UK. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy. 2011;18(6):408-425. doi:10.3109/09687637.2010.504200
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Diversion Control Division Drug & Chemical Evaluation Section. Khat.
Odenwald M, Klein A, Warfa N. Khat Addiction. In: el-Guebaly N., Carrà G., Galanter M. (eds) Textbook of Addiction Treatment: International Perspectives. Springer, Milano: 2015. doi:10.1007/978-88-470-5322-9_19
Kassim S, Islam S, Croucher RE. Correlates of nicotine dependence in U.K. resident Yemeni khat chewers: A cross-sectional study. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2011;13(12):1240-1249. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr180
Odenwald M, al'Absi M. Khat use and related addiction, mental health an physical disorders: the need to address a growing risk. East Mediterr Health J. 2017;23(3):236-244. doi:10.26719/2017.23.3.236
Alsanusy R, El-Setouhy M. Why would khat chewers quit? An in-depth, qualitative study on Saudi khat quitters. Substance Abuse. 2013;34(4):389-395. doi:10.1080/08897077.2013.783526
Kassim S, Croucher R, al'Absi M. Khat dependence syndrome: A cross-sectional preliminary evaluation amongst UK-resident Yemeni khat chewers. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2013;146(3):835-841. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.02.011
Khatib M, Jarrar Z, Bizrah M, Checinski K. Khat: Social habit or cultural burden? A survey and review. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse. 2013;12(2):140-153. doi:10.1080/15332640.2013.788908
Wedegaertner F, al-Warith H, Hillemacher T, te Wildt B, Schneider U, Bleich S, et al. Motives for khat use and abstinence in Yemen - a gender perspective. BMC Public Health 10, 735 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-735
By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD
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text:
GOH: I Want That Mountain
May 10, 2012 Darrell 71 Comments
Apparently the dress code for some fundy churches isn't as strict out in California.
grand old hymni want that mountain
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71 thoughts on "GOH: I Want That Mountain"
Strangely Warmed says:
boymom says:
Its the corrupting presence of Hollywood, the Crystal Cathedral, and the beach.
John Fincher says:
They also have candles – they are Catholic!
No, no, no… that's a mashugana Baptist menorah. Shalom
Polished shaft says:
Does anyone know what that song means?
Admiral911 says:
Joshua 14:12, where Caleb asked for his portion of his inheritance. He said basically, "I want what the Lord has promised me."
I think it means they want to buy property somewhere in the Rockies.
Panda Rosa says:
I like your version! 😀 😎
this song is talking about overcoming spiritual obstacles in your life. It relates mountains to these these obstacles and it comes from the story of caleb going to conquer a mountain in the promissed land.
iwasateenagefundy says:
For reason the man on the right reminds me of the bear on Disney's "Jungle Book."
Now I'm thinking about the Disney Country Bear Jamboree.
The bear in Jungle Book is more authentic
For some reason*
"……..Look for the bear necessities, those simple bear necessities. Forget about your worries and your strife."
Big Gary says:
I'm related by marriage to Terry Gilkyson, the author of that song, "The Bare Necessities."
Not especially relevant to this topic, but how often do I get a chance to work that into a conversation?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Gilkyson
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ogQ0uge06o
The Jungle Book" was the first movie I went to see at the cinema. I was a young kid, and I loved it. Now I'm an old kid and I still love it.
headnotbowedeyeswideopen says:
We used to have the "album" yes, vinyl of that movie. What a happy, feel-good, and true song! Unlike the one Darrell posted which left me saying… huh? 😛 😀
Hey, so did I !!!
exOBCstudent says:
Lol I remember trying to play that song on the piano with the timing changes fundies would make on the spot as they're singing it. It can tend to lend itself to a nice beat if they'd let it. 😆
Macushlalondra says:
This song was often requested in my old fundy church in Michigan. But it was just more fundy guilt tripppin'. 😕 🙁 🙄
Speaking of guilt trip, anyone remember this one? I actually sang this as a solo in my church. Gawd, I can't believe it.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oPjbp3u9Sc
That's the first time I've seen a guitar like that, with three diagonal slits instead of a round hole or a couple of "F-holes."
Any comments, guitarists?
I'm not a guitar player, but I'll guess the female version of a phallic symbol? 😯
If that's what it is, it's a triple one. 😯 😯 😯
Absolutely no further comments on that from me, nope… not going to go there…. 😉
My first thought was that it is an Ovation. They do some interesting things with the placement of the sound holes, the most common being three or four round holes in that position with a decorative leaf-like pattern around it and another on the ther side of the strings. I tried to find this guitar, but the closest I came was a rare one with lightning bolt shaped holes, one on each side of the strings. Cool. One advantage to this is that you are less likely to drop your pick in the usual large round sound hole and spend half and hour shaking the thing upside down trying to get it back out! How many times have I done that! 😡 The guitar in the video sounds really harsh and tinny.
I couldn't get past the part where someone puts a cup of something on the podium. 😐
Michael Kreger says:
Looks to me like a "Red Solo Cup…"
Sing it with me, now.
Is it OK to drink from a Solo cup while singing a trio?
Nate says:
Anyone else think they were about to break into a rendition of "Hey, Soul Sister"?
Used to be Darren says:
Is that a karaoke machine on the platform, next to the pulpit? This fundy church (they would only sing "I Want That Mountain" in a fundy church) is obviously the only "good church" for hundreds of miles, since if they fellowshipped with more fundy churches, they would not have such low standards of dress and blatant appearances of evil.
There are lots of little fundy churches like this in Missouri and Arkansas, where I grew up. They are each little kingdoms unto themselves and make their own rules. They will generally recognize the baptisms of other fundy churches around, but other than that they are the only good church, and thrive mostly on the people who get mad at the other fundy churches in the area.
throughaglassdarkly says:
I hate this song. My fundy church still sings it, which always surprises me beacause they are so high and mighty about "country music". Never will understand how music that sounds cheesy and carnival-esque is "better" than some of the awesome CCM out there. I just can't see David singing this back to God!
What you said! What the heck was the POINT of that song???
Is this Frank Garlock's "Give Me This Mountain" or another song on the same topic?
Watchman says:
No, this is fundy child molestor Bill Harvey's song, not fundy ear abuser Frank Garlock's song.
Not heard of this story. Are there links to it?
Guilt Ridden says:
Hey! Please substantiate such charges! Bill Harvey was my brother's friend, and so I knew him. If there is evidence, fine, but please don't throw around charges. Being part of the "all of the people" that can be fooled "some of the time", it is possible he was a fake, but it certainly didn't seem like it.
DeputyFife says:
I can't imagine a ukelele would be an instrument manly enough for men to use in fundy churches?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zcSlcNfThUA&feature=related
Surely you're not saying there's someone more manly than Tiny Tim?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQylt3TVFrI&feature=related
Just saying that fundies might not elevate him to their manly hall of fame 🙂
The ukulele makes me want to put on a grass skirt and hula to this song.
Timon?
Pumbaa?
One of my all-time favorite scenes in a Disney movie! 😆
Ohhhh Ireally wish that you would do that!! Then post it here of course!
WishIWasKidding says:
Leave it to the portly men to sing about the "Giant of Laziness".
Scary… Doppelgänger scary… That one on the right is a dead ringer for me at that age. *shudder* That's unnerving. 😯
Uke and all?
Oh, no… my guitar was full grown. 😀
maybe his just got shrunk in the wash…
Either that or I was overcompensating…
soooo, let's not talk about shrinkage…. 😕
I've a confession to make – I have been guilty of playing the ukelele (not very well, but still guilty) I have also been guilty of playing the Autoharp, which has featured in one of Darrell's earlier postings. Both are fun instruments.
John Brian says:
I learned the chorus when I was a teenager, but didn't know that there were actually verses – hmmm!
formerHACgirl says:
Thanks, now I've got this awesome song stuck in my head. I love that it has a little beat to it, so I can really enjoy it without listening to worldly music. Thanks for the happy!
Me, too! I listened to the thing two hours ago. Went on to a project I'm working on with this song stuck in my buffer. Agggh! It's still there. It's a snappy little tune for sure, but it's just about to rank up there with It's a Small World After All and This is the Song That Never Ends.
I love Lamb Chop. 🙂
At least they could carry a tune. 🙂
infundyrehab says:
I thought the same thing, Tammy! It wasn't quite as painful as many of the others.
Pastor_Stephen says:
Yes, but typically a duet includes harmony. Also, I think he should not have attempted directing the congregation.
(These comments have nothing to do with his fundiness and everything to do with my overly-criticalness)
Although I no longer subscribe to the words of this song, I nonetheless still have a soft spot for southern Gospel. Here's how Gospel should be done. The Amazing Rhythm WERE amazing.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p__sRcRf_Nw
That was fun! There's some good pickin' there! My band had fun with this song back in the day. We did it cowboy style with a harmony yodeling passage that we took from Sons of the Pioneers' song Way Out There. Some interesting history regarding Life's Railway to Heaven and Tom Horn, a hired gunman who was hanged in Cheyenne, Wyoming in 1903. He asked for this song to be sung at his hanging. An elderly friend in Wyoming told me that was because he didn't want people to hear the drop of his body. No doubt the version done for the hanging was neither bluegrass or Western even if Horn was a cowboy.
Ok, how freaky is this…. I was just cleaning up the kitchen, blasting my Ipod when I thought of this dude and his anti-CCM vids that I had watched a few years back?
Sometimes, I swear that I have psychic abilities of some sort. I just get to embrace that side of me now. 😉
I hate that song. hate, hate, hate, loathe. It's one of those songs that could make even Pavarotti sound tone-deaf. My 5th grade teacher at Tabernacle (the one on White Horse Road in Greenville) had a thing for that song. I hated it then. Next, the guy playing the little tiny guitar has a Mose Schrute beard.
escapee says:
It's gotta be a Wednesday night service. People are allowed to let their hair down on Wed night. Men can wear jeans w collared shirts, Ladies don't have to wear hose and we don't have to sing strictly just hymns.
Used-to-be-Fundy says:
My Fundy cult sang this song when we were being stirred up *yet again* to participate in the never-ending building program.
Taz says:
My favorite song……..when I was 5 years old.
Johnny Boy says:
i still love that song and im 14
I think that was a full-size guitar.
I swear I sang in a Musical Mission Team at that church when I was a fundie.
You guys are idiots they may not even be catholic! they have camdles OH MY 😯


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text:
Q: Counting the number of times a variable has changed values Suppose I randomly generate a list.
mylist = []
for i in range(0,10):
        s = np.random.choice([-1,0,1])
        mylist.append(s)

Now for x in range(0,100). I modify the elements according to some rules, and then count the number of elements of each type, using counts = Counter(mylist)
for x in range(0,100):
    #some rules
    counts = Counter[mylist]

In the beginning the list can be in a state when say the number of -1 is greater than the number of +1's, and then transition from state where the number of +1's is greater than the number of -1's.
Is there way to count the number of times such a transition is made? In addition to this, would it be possible to record the values of x when such a transition is made in a list.
So far, I have tried is to plot this data versus
p = counts[1]
m = counts[-1]
plt.plot(x, p,m)
plt.show()

and look for the intersection points. Is there a better way to do this, or is there some built in functionality in python and/or numpy. Also, it would be great if I could score transition to the high- +1 state when when no. of +1 > 1.5 (no. of +1), and to the high -1 state when no. of -1 > 1.5*(no. of +1). (Or some other arbitrary pre-factor, 2, 3 etc. instead of 1 or 1.5)

A: import random

mylist = []
new_list = list(mylist)
transitions = []

for x in range(0,100):
    mylist.append(random.choice([1, 0, -1])) # some rules, which change mylist
    is_trans1 = new_list.count(1) > new_list.count(-1) and mylist.count(1) < mylist.count(-1)
    is_trans2 = new_list.count(1) < new_list.count(-1) and mylist.count(1) > mylist.count(-1)
    if is_trans1 or is_trans2:
        transitions.append(x)
    new_list = list(mylist) # save mylist for the next iteration

A: If you're only interested in which element is the most common in your list, then Counter has a built-in most_common() function you can query:
counts = Counter()
for x in range(0, 100):
    # some rules
    s = np.random.choice([-1, 0, 1])
    mylist.append(s)
    if mylist.count(1) > mylist.count(-1) and mylist.count(1) > mylist.count(0):
        counts[1] += 1
    elif mylist.count(-1) > mylist.count(1) and mylist.count(-1) > mylist.count(0):
        counts[-1] += 1
    else:
        counts[0] += 1
    print(counts.most_common())

It automatically promotes the most common element (along with its count) to be the first element in the returned list.  Here are some neighbouring returns around a transition point:
[(-1, 28), (0, 27), (1, 26)]
[(-1, 28), (0, 27), (1, 27)]
[(1, 28), (-1, 28), (0, 27)]   # Transition here as -1 and +1 both have a count of 28
[(1, 29), (-1, 28), (0, 27)]

A: This answer supposes that you  try to count a transitions only and don't try to plot values (last paragraph of the question).
If you deal with only a {-1, 0, 1} set, perhaps you can sum a values from a list. It's a little faster than add them to counter and gives you a transition info.
And of course it's easier not to sum full list every time, but just increment / decrement a counter inside your logic block when changes occurs.
more_ones = True if sum(my_list) > 0 else False
transition_counter = 0
transitions_history = []
for x in range(0, 100):
    # some rules, which change mylist
    # you can place a transition counter logic right here
    current_sum = sum(my_list)  # one more time, counting inside the logic is faster
    if current_sum < 0 and more_ones:
        transition_counter  += 1
        more_ones = False
        transitions_history.append(x)
    elif current_sum > 0 and not more_ones:
        transition_counter  += 1
        more_ones = True
        transitions_history.append(x)

here I suppose that if sum doesn't intersect zero there's no transition.
Similar approch works in the pre-factor case (if I got the idea right):
my_list = [0, 1, -1, -1]  # sample data

factor = 1.5  # some factor
pos_count = my_list.count(1)
neg_count = my_list.count(-1)
more_ones = True if pos_count > factor * neg_count else False  # unclear part - don't know what you plan to do with zeroes
transition_counter = 0
transitions_history = []
for x in range(0, 100):
    # I provide a test logic
    ### CROP HERE ###
    try:
        if x < 3:
            my_list.remove(-1)  # better to decrement/increment pos. and neg. counts here
        elif x >= 3 and x < 5:
            my_list.append(1)
        elif x >= 5 and x < 10:
            my_list.append(-1)
        else:
            my_list.append(1)
    except ValueError:
        pass
    ### CROP HERE ###
    pos_count = my_list.count(1)
    neg_count = my_list.count(-1)
    if neg_count > pos_count * factor and more_ones:
        transition_counter  += 1
        more_ones = False
        # you couldn't store list and need a copy, otherwise it will change values by pointer
        transitions_history.append((x, 'pos_to_neg', [i for i in my_list]))
    elif pos_count > neg_count * factor and not more_ones:
        transition_counter += 1
        more_ones = True
        transitions_history.append((x, 'neg_to_pos', [i for i in my_list]))

Sample output:
transitions_history
Out:
    [(1, 'neg_to_pos', [0, 1]),
     (9, 'pos_to_neg', [0, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]),
     (14, 'neg_to_pos', [0, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1])]
transition_counter
Out:
3

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The 450 m2 of floor space is entirely dedicated to the exposition of the Bookshop's extensive catalogue - about 30 thousand titles - strongly oriented towards non-fiction: psychology, sociology, pedagogy, law, economics, history, literary criticism. Readers will also find an extensive area dedicated to classic and contemporary literature, a selection of foreign language books and a large part of the catalogue of our University press: Vita e Pensiero
All events, services and sales are designed and dedicated primarily to students, professors and University staff but are also available to the general public outside Università Cattolica. Among the services dedicated to users: bibliographic research, submission of Italian and foreign books' requests, exclusive discounts for students, professors and administrative & support staff, special promotions launched by the main Italian publishing houses, payment with 18app, professor/instructor's card and Cadhoc.
The Bookshop website was inaugurated in 2014 making it possible for all readers to consult the catalogue directly from their computers or portable devices. To date, the entire catalogue is also available for online purchases through home delivery or free collection at the University campus.
In 2018, the Vita and Pensiero Bookshop extended its retail services by inaugurating a sales corner for the Università Cattolica official merchandising: a comprehensive and constantly updated catalogue available at the University campus or online.
The Brescia Bookshop
The Brescia Bookshop, in Via Trieste 17/d (adjacent to the Brescia campus entrance) has been part the University of Brescia since 2004 and also functions a meeting point for the entire city.
It aims to provide every type of user with an extensive collection of Italian and foreign publications for personal and professional perusal and a cultural space for meetings with authors, events and training sessions.
From linguistics through to literature, history and philosophy the extensive library comprises every subject area and, true to Brescia pedagogical tradition, over the years the area dedicated to human sciences has become an important point of reference for scholars and operators in the social sector.
The family unit is also catered for with the "Essere Genitori" (Being Parents) section and there is an large area entirely dedicated to BES (Special Educational Needs) with in-depth materials on topics such as dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia and autism. The extensive teacher training section provides current bibliography relevant to educational and professional development.
The children's area focuses particularly on mini-readers (3-6) and has a subdivision dedicated to books for kids with disabilities, plus, a didactic games section.
The Library is equipped with expertly selected Italian and foreign databases for bibliographic research in the catalogues of the publications in commerce and in the antiques sector.
Here are some of our services:
• Special discounts for students, professors and schools; • loyalty card with points accumulation for students and professors/instructors; • possibility of purchase with PROFESSOR/INSTRUCTOR'S CARD and 18app; • non-book department; • instant book-covering service with CoLibrì System; • multimedia workstations for bibliographic research; • book presentations and meetings with the authors. In 2019 the Library enhanced its stock and services by inaugurating the sales corner for the Università Cattolica's official merchandising.


plot twists and rare pokemon. marketable skills sold separately.
Yesterday, the internet told me I supported a "predator" and a "sociopath".
If you missed it, two artists/event planners who identify as women revealed that a male-identifying vibe connector had threatened them.


Collected used backpacks at the end of the school year. Spent the summer raising funds and getting donations to fill the backpacks. Each bag contained shampoo, lotion, chapstick, toothbrush, toothpaste, socks, sweatshirt, and rain poncho. These were given to the homeless shelter right before Thanksgiving. We filled 50 backpacks and involved over 100 other scouts.
Score of 4.5 from 16 reviews.