text:
Learn why we believe public safety reform is necessary
by Justice System Committee
For decades, people mistreated by police have called for reform that includes, at a minimum, holding officers accountable. Over the past year, the Riveters' Justice System Committee (JSC) has supported these efforts by contacting government officials, advocating for improvements to police union contracts, and supporting legislative bills.
To better understand the current state of police accountability within Whatcom County, the JSC obtained officer-related complaint records from Bellingham, Blaine, and Ferndale, and lawsuit settlement information from Bellingham, Blaine, Everson, Ferndale, Lynden, and Whatcom County. A review of these documents provides insight into how complaints are investigated, the degree to which officers are held accountable, and the cost to local governments when the public feels harmed by police conduct.
In a series of posts, we'll describe how BPD handled a traffic stop and racial-profiling complaint that led to Bellingham recently paying a $100,000 settlement, how much police-related lawsuit settlements cost local governments, and what police complaint records can tell us. We'll also share recommendations for better policing from national organizations.
***CLICK ON EACH PART TO EXPAND DETAILS***
Part 1: Investigating a complaint against an officer
Let's start with the settlement mentioned above. As reported by the Bellingham Herald, Alfredo "Lelo" Juarez and his parents filed a civil rights lawsuit in April 2016 against Officer Serad, the Mayor, and the Police Chief after an internal investigation found that Serad had not violated police policy.
The incident: In 2015, Officer Serad pulled Lelo over for driving the wrong direction on a one-way street. He had three passengers in the car at the time. During the stop, Lelo lied about his age and was evasive about his driver's license status.
In response, Officer Serad:
verified Lelo understood him (to check for language barriers)
told Lelo that if he's unable to confirm his identity, then he would be unable to confirm Lelo was in the country legally and determine whether Lelo has any warrants
asked Lelo how he entered the country illegally (after learning Lelo was undocumented)
called Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) for assistance within minutes of learning Lelo was undocumented
repeatedly told Lelo he was not free to leave
turned off his body cam video while speaking with CBP
detained Lelo until Border Patrol arrived on scene
The interaction with CBP led to Lelo's 24-hour detention in an immigration detention center. He was 15 years old at the time. Having felt BPD racially-profiled Lelo, he and his parents filed a complaint, which prompted BPD to conduct an investigation.
BPD's complaint investigation: Most police departments investigate complaints internally and that was the case here; BPD assigned the investigation to a lieutenant within the department. The investigation report includes a summary of the complaint, officer interviews, records reviewed, body cam video footage review, and findings. The investigator attempted to interview one passenger identified during the stop but had no success.
During the investigation, Officer Serad acknowledged that he'd never before called CBP for a similar traffic stop. He also said that his typical response when he can't confirm someone's identity is to have a passenger take the driver home. He'd also cite the driver for not having a valid license or other relevant infractions.
According to the information in the report, the investigator took Officer Serad's word that he didn't realize the car occupants appeared to be Hispanic, that he did not let the driver's race, ethnicity or nationality impact the level of enforcement; and he didn't remember the details of his call with CBP (which the body cam didn't capture because Officer Serad stopped recording).
Investigation results: Despite the questions asked and actions taken by Officer Serad during the traffic stop (including the sharing of Lelo's location), the investigator determined that Officer Serad behaved in a manner consistent with the police department's policy, which provides equal protection of the law and equal service to the public…regardless of immigration status.
In contrast to Officer Serad's own testimony, the investigator noted in the investigation report that "no information was discovered to suggest that Officer Serad handled the call differently because of the driver's race, ethnicity, national origin…" and determined he did not violate police policy. This appears at odds with the investigator's recommendation that Serad receive retraining on immigration violations, DACA, and the racial-based profiling policy.
JSC concerns about the investigation process and result:
It did not include interviews with civilian witnesses or Border Patrol agents (called during the traffic stop).
It did not include review of the Customs and Border Patrol call.
BPD staff conducted the investigation instead of an independent (and preferably, civilian-led) oversight board.
Officer Serad admitted to handling this call differently than normal. Undoubtedly, Serad's decision to contact CBP was because of Lelo's immigration status. It was also in contrast to BPD's policy, which stated a person of questionable immigration status must be "conducted in the same manner as those for any other person…and without regard to immigration status".
Officer Serad was not held accountable for contacting Customs and Border Patrol about an undocumented resident because immigration status was not the sole basis for Lelo's stop or detainment.
(Read our November 10, 2021 letter to Bellingham Mayor Fleetwood and Councilmembers.)
Current law prohibits law enforcement working with federal immigration authorities: In 2019, the Keep Washington Working Act began restricting various forms of collaboration and information-sharing with federal immigration enforcement by police, sheriffs, jails, and local and state authorities. The interaction described above is strictly prohibited under this law and yet, according to an August 2021 report by the University of Washington's Center for Human Rights (UWCHR), law enforcement agencies in 13 researched counties (which did not include Whatcom) continue to summon federal immigration authorities to the scene of traffic stops, to provide tips about the location of specific individuals, and to participate in multi-agency task force operations that include civil immigration arrests. Examples provided in the report from other counties are nearly identical to how Officer Serad summoned CBP to the scene of the Lelo Juarez traffic stop.
The JSC contacted UWCHR to learn when they will complete their extensive review of immigration records collected from Whatcom County. We will take action if these interactions continue to occur locally, as reported by residents that are undocumented.
Part 2: Tracking police officer complaints
The Justice System Committee research shows that maintaining complaint records and conducting independent investigations are important steps for finding patterns in individual officers or department practices. Prior to July 2021 (when SB 5051 went into effect), complaint records at Ferndale PD, Bellingham PD, Blaine PD, and the Whatcom County Sheriff's Office were destroyed after six years. This practice allowed an officer's record to frequently be wiped clean, making it difficult, if not impossible, to detect problems. Below we provide an example of how easy it has been for a problematic officer to go unnoticed.
Ferndale Police Department complaint records
The JSC looked at a summary of 52 complaint allegations filed between 2015 – 2020 for Ferndale Police Department officers that were employed at the time of our January 2021 records request. The investigation results shed light on how often the department sides with the officer's version of events.
88% of all allegations were determined either unfounded1 or not sustained2, or the officer was exonerated3.
When it comes to complaints from the public,
6% of allegations from the public were either sustained4 or founded5 (94% dismissed).
However, complaints were taken seriously from inside the organization.
98% of internally-initiated allegations were either sustained or founded.
These percentages demonstrate that complaints from the public about an officer's behavior and conduct mostly go ignored. In fact, it's common for investigators to recommend "no further action" as a follow up to each complaint.
Signs of a problematic police officer
When reviewing the list of complaint allegations, one officer's name stood out – Michael Scott Langton. Officer Langton made the news recently because Ferndale PD placed him on paid leave in early October 2021 for allegedly contacting the Oath Keepers, a far-right, anti-government extremist group, days before the January 6 attack on the US capital. Contact with this group would seemingly put Langton in violation of the Prohibited Speech, Expression, and Conduct section of Ferndale's police policy, which prohibits "expression that is contrary to the canons of the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics" (page 1).
According to a November 2, 2021 Bellingham Herald article, Officer Langton returned to duty after the Ferndale PD conducted a "thorough investigation" of the allegation that Officer Langton had contacted the Oath Keepers and determined it was "unfounded" because "no violation of policy or law occurred". This determination appears to contradict the Ferndale police policy.
Connect Ferndale immediately responded to the investigation result by making a public statement and demanding that city officials update their police policy, form a community-based police oversight committee, have the allegation externally reviewed, and host a listening session.
Langton began working for Ferndale PD in August 2012 and has 17 complaints on record from 2015 to 2021 – each from a different complainant. (The officer with the next most complaints had three on record.) Most complainants accused Officer Langton of behavior that was harassing, discriminatory, rude, insulting, or overly aggressive. Five believed this treatment was because of the color of their skin. Sixteen were internally investigated and had unfounded results meaning the investigator determined the allegation was "frivolous" or "did not occur". We noted that one complaint even stated that Langton "is known by many minorities as being The Racist Cop".
In addition to these complaints, BuzzFeed News reported Officer Langton was named in a 2020 lawsuit alleging he illegally detained a motorist.
(Read our November 10, 2021 letter to Ferndale Mayor Hansen, Chief Turner, and Councilmembers.)
Langton's prior career with Blaine Police Department
During his tenure with Blaine PD, Officer Langton was named in a lawsuit alleging he used excessive force on a legally-blind man in June 2011. City of Blaine settled the lawsuit in 2015 with a $129,000 payment to the plaintiff. Online research results in scant details about this case. In fact, we couldn't locate any articles from the press until October 2021 when Officer Langton's paid leave status made news.
Records obtained from the City of Blaine indicate other complaints had also been made about Langton, but acquiring those records has been unsuccessful. We know, however, that at least one other Blaine resident alleges a rough encounter with Officer Langton. According to a 2011 court document, "Officer Langton treated the defendant so roughly when he arrested her that at least one witness had to avert his eyes because he could not watch the officer's treatment of [the Blaine resident]".
According to a 2013 letter from Blaine's City Manager to Whatcom County District Court, it appears Officer Langton was also named in a third lawsuit. The JSC has yet to determine the allegation(s) in this case.
Did Ferndale PD know about Langton's Blaine PD history?
It's unclear. We know that the "comprehensive screening, background investigation and selection process" described in section 1000.4 of Ferndale's police policy doesn't recommend reviewing an officer's previous complaint history. Also, according to September 2012 city council meeting minutes (page 5, part C), the City immediately saved $80,000 by hiring a seasoned officer because Langton no longer needed to be trained through the police academy.
New laws have and proposed bills would address several JSC concerns, but more work is needed to increase accountability and transparency
New – SB 5051 added a subsection (4) to RCW 40.14.070, which requires personnel records for law enforcement officers be retained for "the duration of the officer's employment and a minimum of 10 years thereafter". Remember, prior to July 2021, complaint records were usually destroyed after six years.
New – SB 5051 requires that departments conduct broader background checks for officers before hiring them, including checking with previous departments for any discipline history or misconduct investigations. At a national level, experts report it's common practice for an officer to quit before an investigation is complete to keep it off their record. We don't know if this was the case in Blaine, but the timing of Langton's arrival in Ferndale is suspicious.
New – SB 5051 allows for an officer to be decertified for disqualifying conduct.
Proposed – HB 1203 would require any police department of 15 officers or more to establish a community oversight board responsible for fielding complaints, investigating allegations of police misconduct, making recommendations on discipline, and participating in the hiring of new police chiefs.
Proposed – HB 1202 would create a state cause of action allowing people to sue police officers in their individual capacity for violating people's constitutional rights. The measure would allow police to face civil lawsuits in situations where they may be unable to be sued in federal court due to the doctrine of qualified immunity.
Still needed – Demographic information about the complainant or officer are not collected as part of local law enforcements' complaint reporting or investigation process.6
Still needed – Complaint descriptions and the status of the investigation process are not publicly available through an open data set.6
Updated 11/3/2021 to include information about Langton's return to duty and correct an error. The original post included the wrong link to Ferndale's police policy.
Updated 11/4/2021 to include information about Connect Ferndale.
Updated 11/27/2021 to add a link to the City of Ferndale's Oath Keeper investigation report and correct the date when Officer Langton allegedly emailed the Oath Keepers. The email was sent one month after the January 6 attack on the US Capital, not two days prior. This distinction is important because the Ferndale Police investigator implies a person might not have "reasonably known about members of the Oath Keepers" on February 4, 2021, as compared to the date of the investigation, October 14, 2021.
1 Unfounded = When the investigation discloses that the alleged acts did not occur or did not involve department members. Complaints that are determined to be frivolous will fall within the classification of unfounded.
2 Not sustained = When the investigation discloses that there is insufficient evidence to sustain the complaint or fully exonerate the member.
3 Exonerated = When the investigation discloses that the alleged act occurred but that the act was justified, lawful, and/or proper.
4 Sustained = When the investigation discloses sufficient evidence to establish that the act occurred and that it constituted misconduct.
5 Founded = Undefined in the police policy manual.
6 See Seattle's Office of Police Accountability Complaints open data set for what transparency can look like.
Part 2b: Ferndale PD's internal investigation sheds light on an imperfect process
In Part 2 of our Learn Why We Believe Public Safety Reform is Necessary series, the Riveters' Justice System Committee identified concerning trends in the investigations of complaints against Ferndale Police Department officers. In Part 2b, we continue the story by reviewing the investigation into Officer Langton's alleged contact with the Oath Keepers. We also examine how thorough Ferndale PD was in their investigation after we obtained three interview recordings and the investigation report.
Ferndale PD took atypical steps for this investigation
In total, the JSC has reviewed records for 20 investigations conducted after a complaint was made about a Ferndale police officer. In all cases, a primary investigator, usually a lieutenant or sergeant with the Ferndale PD, conducts the investigation and the Ferndale police chief signs his approval of the investigator's recommended result. The Langton/Oath Keepers investigation was handled differently, however, likely because the allegation made national news.
In this case, Chief Turner reviewed the investigator's completed report, then directed the investigator to ask more probing questions. Chief Turner also provided his own 13-page written review of the investigation. This is not normal practice based on the other complaint investigations we reviewed from Ferndale PD and other local law enforcement.
The primary investigator failed to properly investigate the allegation
It's clear Ferndale gave this investigation the utmost scrutiny, knowing journalists and other interested parties would review the results closely. We believe that if this investigation had followed the path of other complaint investigations by Ferndale PD, it would have fallen well short of a thorough investigation.
With the exception of the investigator's recommendation to train and educate officers about groups like the Oath Keepers, we have the following concerns about his investigation approach and documentation:
The investigator tainted the report with bias:
The investigator implies that little was known about the Oath Keepers on February 4, 2021, when the email was sent, and therefore determined that a "reasonable person" wouldn't have known on that date that contacting the Oath Keepers would've been "unbecoming a member of this department". The Oath Keepers, however, made national news prior to the November 2020 election and became a household name well before February 4. 2021. We know this because NPR and CNN reported on January 1 and 27, 2021 about the Oath Keepers' involvement in the January 6, 2021 attack on the US Capitol. Based on this, we believe a reasonable person should have known by February 4, 2021 that contacting the Oath Keepers would reflect poorly on the department.
The investigator highlights three times that the Oath Keepers email was acquired illegally and, therefore, not meant to be made public. This opinion by the investigator appears to be an attempt to redirect readers' views about the allegation by implying it was an invasion of privacy.
The investigator failed to accurately document Langton's complaint history by leaving out the following information:
The August 2020 civil rights complaint lawsuit against Officer Langton filed in federal court.
The previous 17 unsustained complaints on Langton's record. Instead of acknowledging this complaint history, the investigator noted that "since joining the department in 2012, there have been no observations of Officer REDACTED to suggest a propensity towards a disregard of a person's civil rights…". Due to the number of complaints filed against Officer Langton as compared to other officers, the JSC doesn't agree.
The investigator provided favorable information about Officer Langton that is unrelated to this case when he wrote that "Officer REDACTED was awarded a Certificate of Commendation…and selected Patrol Partner of the Year…" in 2021.
The investigator used information from a 2012 background check into Officer Langton as evidence that he is "honorable and honest" and that he is "not now, or ever been a member of any foreign or domestic organization, association, movement, or group" that advocates for violence or seeks to alter the form of government of the United States by unconstitutional means. This hardly seems relevant given the amount of time that has passed and the number of hate and anti-government groups (that recruit military and law enforcement personnel) that have gained traction since that background check was conducted.
Prior to having his report reviewed by Chief Turner, the investigator failed to ask Officer Langton if the email address belonged to him and, if so, when he last accessed the account. These questions should have been part of the initial line of questioning.
The investigator did not appear to investigate whether Langton made inappropriate posts on social media accounts or if he contacted the Oath Keepers (or other concerning groups) by email prior to February 1, 2021 from other personal email accounts.
Chief Turner's review provided more depth to the investigation
Because of Chief Turner's recommendation to ask follow up questions, we learned the email account belonged to Langton and that he accessed it as recently as the week of September 27, 2021, just days before BuzzFeed News reported on it. Unfortunately, Chief Turner incorrectly stated several people "had accessed" Langton's email account when Langton only stated people could have had access to his email account when he left it open on his computer.
Ferndale PD's policy narrowly defines unacceptable conduct, which means the Oath Keepers would need to be defined as a hate group or criminal organization for the conduct to be considered unbecoming or reflect unfavorably upon the department.
Chief Turner used Wikipedia to evaluate the reliability of groups associated with the released Oath Keepers email by painting both organizations far more negatively than the website describes. He stated that BuzzFeed News is "a largely unreliable internet media news" and highlights portions of the site that call into question their credibility. The website, however, also states that BuzzFeed News "largely follows established rules of journalism" and has won awards and recognition for several news-breaking stories that proved accurate.
He takes the same approach with Distributed Denial of Secrets, the group that provided BuzzFeedNews the hacked email. He described them as a "criminal hacker group" and "significant threat". According to Wikipedia, this group is described by Wired as "a transparency collective of data activists", by the New York Times as a "watchdog group" and by Business Insider as a "freedom-of-information advocacy group".
Based on these alternative views of these groups, the JSC does not agree with Chief Turner that the allegation could not be credible because it was "unsubstantiated information obtained by illegal means sourced from a criminal hacker group".
Chief Turner requested a search of City and PD servers to determine if anyone within the City had communicated by email with the Oath Keepers. This shows he made an attempt to look into this more broadly, but, unfortunately, the search date range only went back to February 1, 2021.
The JSC encourages Ferndale to take this opportunity to improve
For transparency and accountability, police reform experts advise that police conduct investigations should be conducted from outside the department for which the officer works and by an oversight board that includes civilians. It does not appear from the obtained records that Ferndale sought options or opinions from outside the Ferndale PD.
Following the news that Officer Langton returned to duty after the investigation found the allegation unfounded, the JSC sent Ferndale officials a letter summarizing our concerns about the complaint investigation process and providing resources for improving police policies and union contracts. Mayor Hansen kindly acknowledged receipt of our letter and explained the City's plans to review their policies and procedures.
We've asked Mayor Hansen and Chief Turner to go beyond this particular Oath Keepers incident and evaluate which police policies and union contract language would allow an officer 1) with lengthy complaint histories to be hired, and 2) to continue in this line of work when the public feels harmed or threatened by their behavior. We believe this recent allegation and investigation should indicate failures in Ferndale's current policies and processes.
Parts 3, 4, 5...


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Disney+ is getting closer to its highly anticipated arrival! Rumors are swirling with speculation of what the Disney owned streaming service will bring and we are getting more details.
The chairman of Walt Disney direct-to-consumer and international offers division, Kevin Mayer has wrapped up the $71.3 billion deal with 21st Century Fox and is now awaiting approval from just a few more regulatory boards to complete the deal. Meyer has shifted focus from the purchase to work on finalizing the Disney+ streaming service in 2019.
The acquisition of both the film and television studios of 21st Century Fox and a major piece of Hulu, have put Disney in the position to become a powerhouse in the streaming industry. With Mayer leading the newly created division including ESPN+, Disney+, and the stake in Hulu under his umbrella, the former chief strategy officer is excited.
Disney does face competition in the direct-to-consumer streaming market. With the average consumer subscribing to three or four streaming services there is certainly room for Disney+. Disney is not trying to come out as a winner over the other services, but rather focus on the consumer. Their goal is merely to serve their consumers with choice. As the days of the mega channel, cable package draws to a close. Disney intends to use their services to allow consumers choice over what they want and don't want in channels.
So, what are we expecting from Disney+? While there is no official lineup yet subscribers can expect exclusive content. The streaming service will include many of the core brands with a variety of releases including theatrical films, television, and original content. Additionally, there is the possibility the new service will bring back the Netflix canceled Marvel shows; Mayer acknowledges Luke Cage and Iron Fist both canceled after two seasons as high-quality shows. Ultimately, a nice mix of non-original and original content is expected.
So get ready to spend some quality time on your couch to see all that Disney+ has to offer.


Quick game of word association: What first comes to mind when you hear work-appropriate fashion? Maybe a slack-and-blouse combo or a calf-grazing, professional dress. But when the warm weather finally hits and you press pause on all of your polished winter basics, infusing bright and bold spring trends into your office wardrobe proves difficult. However, good style shouldn't fizzle out with your 9-to-5. Before you write off incorporating trends like tie dye and bermuda shorts into your office attire, know that a variety of spring 2019's trends can look polished for the office, yes really.
In fact, spring fashion focuses on a few quintessential workwear pieces like structured blazers and versatile wide-leg pants. With polished silhouettes and luxe textures, these more buttoned-up trends most definitely have a place in the office.
Scroll on for six spring outfits that are both office-friendly and trend-forward, and that just might convince you to ditch your basic work slacks for the months to come.
Bermuda shorts have made a slow comeback, but light-colored and denim iterations are finally in style. On days when the weather is fickle, throw on a pair of knee-length shorts in a lightweight fabric and a cable knit sweater in a bright hue like pink. A ladylike pointy-toe heel adds just the right amount of elegance for the office.
You may be on the fence about sporting Teva-esque sandals to your office, but the comfort-meets-utilitarian shoe can be dressed up. If you're not ready to commit to the sport sandal look, opt for a toned-down pink version and add a sock. For contrast, team the shoe with an oversized blazer on top and a lightweight fabric on the bottom. Embrace spring's trends and keep the ensemble all neutral. Finish with a croc-embossed bucket bag for an added dimension.
Animal print at your 9-to-5 is no longer out of bounds. Bring a bold zebra print into the office by mixing it with a subtle print in a different hue. Offset the business with a lighter weight shoe, such as a crisp white sneaker for a comfortable workwear vibe.
Tie dye's crunchy reputation has been written off and is arguably one of Spring/Summer 2019's biggest trends. While it doesn't scream work attire, with the right silhouettes and accessories, it can be transformed to a chic office look. A pastel denim option in a loose, slack silhouette makes the pattern a little less grungy. A structured jacket and a sleek snakeskin boot makes for a playful-yet-sophisticated take on the trend.
Think slime green can't be worked into your office wardrobe? Case in point that it can: This pantsuit look. This season, the neon hue took Instagram by storm, and a subtle hint of slime green layered under workwear pieces can be surprisingly appropriate for your 9-to-5. "Adding an oversized blazer is an all tailored look that's fail-proof," Hsu adds.


Traditionally, manufacturing has been outsourced on a global level as a cost saving effort. However, a new manufacturing trend has emerged in recent years called 'nearshoring', with manufacturers locating production facilities closer to their end markets. Sarah Boumphrey, Head of Countries and Consumers Research at Euromonitor, states that nearshoring is a result of technological progress as new manufacturing technology is developed and can be cost effective for manufactures to produce goods in high wage countries.


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The Death of Big Law
By Larry E. Ribstein
Large law firms face unprecedented stress. Many have dissolved, gone bankrupt, or significantly downsized in recent years. This Article provides an economic analysis of the forces driving the downsizing of Big Law. It shows that this downsizing reflects a basically precarious business model rather than just a shrinking economy. Because large law firms do not own durable, firm-specific property, a set of strict conditions must exist to bind the firm together. Several pressures have pushed the unraveling of these conditions, including increased global competition and the rise of in-house counsel. The large law firm's business model therefore requires fundamental restructuring. Combining insights from the theory of the firm, intellectual property, and the economics of legal services, this Article discusses new models that might replace Big Law, how these new models might push through regulatory barriers, and the broader implications of Big Law's demise for legal education, the creation of law, and lawyers' role in society.
Fractured Membership: Deconstructing Territoriality to Secure Rights and Remedies for the Undocumented Worker
By D. Carolina Núñez
Relied upon but unwelcome, among us but uninvited, undocumented workers in the United States—now numbering over 8 million—labor on the border of inclusion and exclusion, between a status-based conception of membership and a territorial approach to membership. Although mere presence in the U.S. secures undocumented workers many of the same labor protections afforded to authorized workers, undocumented status often forecloses certain remedies otherwise available for employer breaches of those protections. Many commentators have criticized this effective status-based denial of rights to undocumented workers as inimical to the goals underlying labor and immigration law. While this Article echoes some of those sentiments, its purpose is broader.
This Article bases its critique of the slow encroachment of a status-based conception of membership into the employment sphere on its failure to recognize fundamental indicators of membership, including an individual's ties to the surrounding community, that have historically shaped notions of membership. However, this Article does not advocate the use of the historically dominant territorial model, which distributes rights based on mere territorial presence. It suggests that territoriality, applied in an increasingly globalized world in which relationships and obligations are not dictated by physical borders, can no longer adequately answer questions of membership. Rather, this Article offers a more principled, nuanced approach—one that arguably is already emerging outside the employment context—derived from territoriality's underlying rationales but stripped of that approach's fixation on geography, to secure the rights of undocumented workers.
Protecting Our Water Compacts: The Looming Threat of Unilateral Congressional Interaction
By Nathan C. Johnson
The United States is entering a period in which the combination of increasing population, rising temperatures, and growing resource scarcity will seriously threaten human survival. In a warmer world, water basins will be highly coveted. This demand will require steadfast attention to water-resource management. Currently, interstate compacts are the primary mechanism for multistate basin management. Increasing scarcity places pressure on Congress to reevaluate and potentially revoke consent from these compacts. The alternative methods for allocating water are unstable at best. This Comment argues that Congress does not have the power unilaterally to revoke consent from an interstate compact. The interstate compact is one of the Founding Fathers' lasting mechanisms designed to protect the people from federal overreaching. Three of the nation's largest freshwater basins and their compacts provide illustrations of the interstate compact's resilience, adaptability, and importance in a changing world. Further, an examination of how the nation chooses to manage its most important resource provides valuable insight in to our future—when it is a question of survival, is it "We the People" or "We the Nation"?
A Presumption Without Prudence: Replacing Moench v. Robertson with a Prudent "When in Doubt, Don't" Standard for ESOP and 401(k) Company Stock Fund Fiduciaries
By Meredith L. Gray
This Comment addresses the duty of prudence fiduciaries owe employees who invest in company stock under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). It suggests that the fiduciary-friendly presumption of prudence announced by Moench v. Robertson is ineffective because it cannot be reconciled with Congress's intent that ERISA protect and grow employees' retirement savings, which have been devastated by fiduciary imprudence. This Comment concludes that Moench should be replaced by a standard that returns to the prudent person standard Congress outlined in ERISA.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Rotten Fruit – South Carolina's Enduring Lynching Laws /
Rotten Fruit – South Carolina's Enduring Lynching Laws
In a bizarre twist, South Carolina has stood America's most disgraceful racial blot – lynching – on its head. State prosecutors are using an anti-lynching statute passed in 1951 to prosecute hundreds of mostly young blacks.
Under South Carolina law, the crime of lynching is defined solely as an act of violence by two or more persons against another, no matter the race of the victim. The statute was passed following national rage and embarrassment over the white mob murder of a black man accused of stabbing a white cab driver in 1947. It was clearly designed to protect blacks from white mob violence.
But with the plunge in racially motivated violence since the end of the civil rights era, legislators have kept the law on the books as a convenient and handy legal tool to fight crime, mob and gang violence. Prosecutors in the state claim that the law is race-neutral and does not target blacks. They say that more blacks are charged with lynching because they disproportionately commit more violent crimes than whites.
Yet a gaping racial disparity exists over who gets charged and prosecuted under the lynching law. According to an Associated Press analysis of crime statistics, blacks make up the majority of those charged with lynching, with nearly five times more blacks than whites prosecuted for it.
The racial gulf in prosecuting minors for lynching is even wider. In 2002, the number of black juveniles prosecuted for lynching was 10 times greater than the number of white youth.
One of those charged with lynching was NBA star Kevin Garnett, who plays for the Minnesota Timberwolves. In 1994, Garnett, then a high school student in Greenville, S.C., and four other black youth were charged with second-degree lynching, which can carry a sentence of up to 20 years, after a fight in which the white victim fractured his ankle. The charges were eventually dropped, and Garnett's mother moved the family to Chicago.
Because of cases such as Garnett's, civil rights activists have lobbied state legislators to amend the law, and that means dropping the word "lynching" from crimes that are not explicitly racially motivated. Indeed, West Virginia, Virginia and California are the only other states that even have such a law on the books, and they are seldom if ever used.
Though a handful of the charges have involved brutal assaults, even murder, many more haven't. Blacks have been prosecuted for school fights, scuffles and minor assaults. As in the case of Garnett, more often than not the charges are later reduced, dismissed or overturned on appeal. There are certainly other laws on the books in the state that mandate stiff sentences for murder and violent assaults.
Prosecutors freely use the law to hammer mostly young blacks, a grotesque distortion of the history of lynching. White mob violence against blacks was a deliberate tool used to maintain white supremacy, not to punish crime.
South Carolina's racially warped lynching prosecutions run counter to the grudging efforts of some Southern officials to face up to the South's shameful past. In the past decade, state prosecutors in Alabama and Mississippi have convicted former Klansmen for the Birmingham church bombing in 1963 and for the murders of civil rights leaders Medgar Evers and Vernon F. Dahmer. They are also considering reopening a handful of old cases in the murders of blacks and civil rights workers during the 1960s.
Left unexamined and prosecuted are hundreds of lesser-known cases in which blacks were murdered. Between 1910 and 1960, the NAACP estimates that more than 4,000 persons were burned, shot and mutilated by lynch mobs. The overwhelming majority of them were black, murdered in the South by white mobs. They were victimized further by racially indifferent, often hostile state governments. South Carolina for a time was a national leader in the number of blacks lynched. Many were murdered following the flimsiest of allegations of rape or assault of a white person. The hideous image of black bodies hanging from trees was immortalized in song and legend as the South's "Strange Fruit."
The prosecution of young blacks in South Carolina for the centuries-old terror practice that victimized blacks, under a law that was enacted to protect them from that racial terror, trivializes the horror of lynching. South Carolina officials should do what civil rights activists demand – amend, or better yet, dump this archaic, misused statute.
Earl Ofari Hutchinson (EHutchi344@aol.com) is a columnist and the author of "The Crisis in Black and Black" (Middle Passage Press).


text:
Сергей Сергеевич Трушляков () — российский игрок в пляжный футбол. Игрок ПФК «Спартак».

До 18 лет играл в большой футбол в ДЮСШ клубов ЦСКА и «СДЮШОР Юность Москвы Спартак-2», с 18 лет стал играть в пляжный футбол, параллельно совмещая с классическим футбол (играя в КФК) и учёбой в университете. В 22 года начал играть в пляжный футбол профессионально.

Достижения
 Обладатель Кубка России: 2009
 Вице-чемпион России: 2010
 Шестикратный чемпион Москвы
 Победитель Кубка Москвы
 Лучший бомбардир чемпионата Москвы: 2005, 2006, 2013
 Лучший игрок чемпионата Москвы: 2008, 2015
 Обладатель Кубка Белоруссии: 2017

Личная жизнь
Женат на чемпионке России по гандболу, вице-чемпионке юношеских Олимпийских игр Екатерине Чернобровиной.

Примечания

Футболисты России
Игроки ФК «Маккаби» Москва
Игроки в пляжный футбол России
Игроки ПФК «Балтика-Миллениум»
Игроки ПФК «Строгино»
Игроки ПФК ЦСКА
Игроки ПФК «Динамо» Москва
Игроки ПФК «Элмонт»
Игроки ПФК «Витоблспорт»
Игроки ПФК «Лукойл»
Игроки ПФК «Спартак» Москва

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It's that time of year again – Student Council Elections are happening!
Do you want to help share the ideas and concerns of your peers to others? Do you want to get involved with helping raise funds, build our community, and organize social events? If YES, run for a position on our Sound School's Student Council for 2018-2019!
Registration begins TODAY! Forms are available in Emerson 213 or see your G period teacher. Forms and petitions must be submitted no later than end of the day on Wednesday, May 30th.
There will be a mandatory Candidate Meeting during G period on Thursday, May 31st. AFTER THE CANDIDATE MEETING, let the campaigning BEGIN!!
Elections will be held June 6th and June 7th! Remember, opportunities don't just happen, you create them!!
More details available in Emerson 213 or on our school's website.


An Arts and Crafts bow arm style easy chair and ottoman shown here in cherry wood with an espresso leather upholstery. The back of the chair is adjustable for the perfect angle. Sold as a set, the chair and ottoman may be ordered separately, and can be made with different upholstery options. The chair can also be custom made with slightly bigger or smaller dimensions.


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Next Post It Was Then Rolled To Indian Astronomy, Mundane Astrology And Predictive Astrology.


The Book and Needle Woman's Club of Oradell is holding a "Game Night" and "Silent Auction" on Friday, March 11, 2016 at 7:00 PM. Bingo, The Price is Right, Trivia and other games based on TV Game Shows will be played. Refreshments will be served and a 50/50 raffle will be held.
The event will be held at the Westwood Woman's Club, 205 Kinderkamack Road, Westwood, NJ.
Proceeds will benefit various scholarship programs, mentor programs and community projects.
Contact Mary Cioffi at jamcioffi926@aol.com or call 201-265-0505.


Siobhán Quin is a rapscallion, a troublemaker, a hellraiser. Growing up an orphan in the mean streets of Dublin, she had to fend for herself. Despite her rough attitude, Siobhán has a code of honor, which is mostly "to put up or shut up." She won't hesitate to knock you over your arse, except if you're an innocent who can't defend herself.
* Basically a mashup of Becky Lynch, Sheamus, and Finn Balor, with a bit of crazy (read as Dean Ambrose) thrown in.
* Known to say the following after a match she wins: "Sorry about your luck, lassie."
* Also screams a lot because...Banshee.
* A running gag about her is that most people can't keep with what she's saying if she starts talking fast (she almost always end up talking really fast) because of her hard Irish accent.


text:
Q: R removing script-files before RStudio starts up when starting R I get the following error-message:

Fatal Error: Unexpected exception: The complexity of matching the regular expression exceeded predefined bounds. Try refactoring the regular expression to make each choice made by the state machine unambiguous. This exception is thrown to prevent "eternal" matches that take an indefinite period time to locate.

The problem is caused by a script, that is loaded when starting up RStudio.
If I rename the RStudio-Desktop folder RStudio does start up without any problems.
Is there any way to stop R loading this one special file which causes the problem without having to remove/rename/hide the RStudio-Desktop folder as a whole?
For those who are interested: The buggy-script was created by copying a very long string of chars (a bit over 1.000.000 characters) from a texteditor-file to the RStudio script. RStudio terminated immediately after pressing Ctrl+V.

A: Renaming (deleting) the sources folder in the RStudio-Desktop Directory solved the problem for me:
~/.rstudio-desktop/sources/

If you are not using Ubuntu, you can find the location of your RStudio-Desktop Directory here: https://support.rstudio.com/hc/en-us/articles/200534577-Resetting-RStudio-Desktop-s-State

A: These commands help me to resolve similar problems also (for Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS), renaming the source folder in rstudio-desktop Directory:
cd ~/.rstudio-desktop/
mv sources/ ./sources-backUp

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Зархок () — золотоносная земля.

 Зархок — посёлок в Таджикистане.
 Зархок — арык в Исфаринском районе. Протяжённость 17 км. Начинается в двух км от села Кызылпилол.
 Зархок — перевал в романе Павла Лукницкого «Ниссо».


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AL- PET Tape, soft texture, good ductility. Applicable to the communication cables, shielded cables.
Mylar: high dielectric, high voltage resistance, resistance to humidity, gas heat, and chemical invasion. Low shrinkage rate, is not easy to embrittlement, wear resistant. Widely used in all kinds of wires and cables around the packages.
All products are manufactured under ISO standards and RoHS compliant.


How would 7-13% more profitable sales, make you feel, for starters? Can I help your sales and profits to increase?
In a small business where the Owner is the Sales Director , I can take responsibility to identify and complete most or all the profit improvement sales and promotion functions!
In a medium size business I can assist your Chairman and Sales Director to make more effective decisions.
In a large business I focus and bring a specialist skill to address your Senior Managements need . Be it to a "handful of select prospects" or quickly and effectively to hundreds of staff.
If you need more profitable sales tell me how you would like the service. Let me find a way deliver the results you want in a way that is comfortable with you.
What type of service suits you?
Entrepreneur, marketing man, sales man, Mark Edwards founded GAP, a highly respected marketing and distribution company, for the purpose of promoting his own range of products and services, over 23 years ago. He was so successful with his "different" approach to identifying the needs of the market place and the most innovative way in which to maximize sales, that his client list soon included such household names as SONY, JCB and TEXACO. And recruited and over 100 partners / distributors to sell his products!
his clients products to more profitable customers inc TESCO, Shell Oil and many smaller yet profitable buyers.


In 2006, 55% of youth pledged to stop smoking which increased to 67.7% in 2006. In the year 2012, the adult smoking rate in Florida was 17.7 which is way less than a national average of 19.6%. The smoking rate among high school students decreased to 8.6% in 2013.
The teenagers nowadays are more educated and more aware of the risks they are taking with every single puff. Curbing the youth interest in this activity is essential for the betterment of the society, and the hotlines are playing a key role here.
Free of cost support such as quit plan tailored to your routine, quit smoking helpline number, live help through chat facility and quit coaching are some of the options available to quit smoking.


with certain modifications to the existing exemptions," Finance Ministry said in a statement. The demonetised notes can be used for payments towards utility bills by individuals for arrears and current bills, it said, however no advance payments will be allowed using the old currency. Payment of court fees and at consumer cooperative stores with the ID proof of customers can also be made using the demonetised notes till November 14, it added. "The government has been closely monitoring the implementation of the decision. Considering various representations received from different quarters in the matter, it has now been decided that the existing exemptions may be extended till November 14," the statement said. The government however reassured that there was enough cash with the Reserve Bank of India and supply to bank branches and ATMs was being stepped up gradually.


Directed energy deposition (DED) additive manufactured (AM) builds were created in previous experiments using 0, 20, and 40 s interlayer dwell times out of Inconel® 625 and Ti 6Al 4V. In-situ deformation and temperatures were measured along with residual stresses. This study characterized the varying dwell time builds through optical microstructure analysis and mechanical tensile testing. A direct correlation was found between dwell time, cooling rate, microstructure, and mechanical properties for each material. For both materials, the addition and increase of an interlayer dwell increased the cooling rate during the solidification of the melt pool. In Inconel® 625, this increased cooling led to reduced secondary dendrite arm spacing in the 20 s and 40 s builds. The finer microstructure of the 20 s and 40 s dwell builds had increased ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength over that found in the 0 s dwell build. Each nickel based AM build became embrittled, losing ~20% elongation at failure, but showed yield strength above that of the base Inconel® 625 material. The addition and increase of an interlayer dwell in Ti 6Al 4V builds caused a reduction in alpha lath width in the basketweave microstructure. Each of the titanium alloy builds showed UTS and yield strengths that were within ~10% of the base alloy values and increased with dwell time. These results reinforce the fact that path planning is vital to tailoring the final part microstructure and resulting mechanical properties.


Aimar Arriola is an independent curator. His work involves research, memory and identity politics, as well as an embodied approach to the archive.
He has carried out curatorial, educational and editorial projects at institutions such as Reina Sofía Museum, Madrid; Arteleku, San Sebastian; CA2M, Madrid; The Studion / Moderna Museet, Stockholm; EspaiDos, Terrassa; PEI-MACBA, Barcelona; and Espacio Abisal, Bilbao, among others. Previous to his independent work, he served as curatorial assistant at the Guggenheim Bilbao.
Currently, he is a member of several working networks, including the Equipo re independent platform of researchers (equipo-re.org), which works around the intersection of queer and body politics and the archive; and Magnetic Declination(declinationmagnetic.wordpress.com), a research and production group formed by theorists, curators, and visual artists, that emerges from the research group Decolonizing Knowledge and Aesthetics, a joint venture between Matadero Art Centre and Goldsmiths University.
In 2012-2013 he participated, along with Nancy Garín, in the Museo Reina Sofia Research Residencies Programme, where he initiated his current work on the cultural production linked to HIV/AIDS politics outside the Anglo, Western and Central European settings. He was nominated for the 2012 ICI New York Independent Vision Curatorial Award.


This page displays sold house prices for Buckland Parade in Basingstoke.
Buckland Parade in Basingstoke RG22 consists predominantly of terraced houses. Properties on Buckland Parade typically have values around £350,000 - £500,000, with larger terraced houses and townhouses valued at around £500,000.


Get an overview of meeting and collaborating using Lync Web App. Join a meeting, share your desktop or programs, send IMs or start an online presentation all from within your browser.
To learn more about using Lync Web App, see What is Skype for Business (Lync) Web App?.


Last season during Round 4: All In Wealth TV came to film an episode of their show focused on Formula DRIFT. The episode airs this Sunday March 7 at 7PM (EST). It will periodically air on their network, but be sure to check your local listings – More info HERE.
You can also watch part of the episode below.


I wrote a blog about guilt and shame almost 2 weeks ago. I have since realized that what I really discussed was guilt and not shame. I had them balled up together like they were one entity. I still think the blog was a good one and gave a lot of suggestions for easing guilt. I just need to go back and change the title to "Guilt" and take "Shame" out of there.
Guilt is something that you can start feeling at about the age of 3 when you are able to do something and feel badly about it or someone else can make you feel badly for doing something wrong. We do not always own the guilt that is given to us but we are able to feel guilt at that point.
Guilt now seems to me to be the easier of the two to deal with. With a big dose of self compassion, quite often a good therapist or life experiences, we can learn that what we did or was done to us at various ages was either not our fault or it is forgivable.
My guilt was trauma based. I did not yell loud enough, run fast enough, tell enough people, force doctors or social workers to pay attention, run screaming to a teacher… the list is endless but you get the idea.
I have learned that I am in no way responsible for anything that happened to me no matter what anyone says to the contrary.
Guilt is also the culprit when we use words like could or should. I should have known better. I could have been smarter. I should have remained silent. When you look back and feel badly about how you've behaved or something you've said. That is guilt.
Shame… oh that sneaky snake of an emotion.
Shame begins at birth. Before we are even verbal. Shame is taught to us. Shame is the lesson or lessons that tell us who we are. Have you ever heard someone say "I don't know why I was even born"? Perhaps you are the one who has said it or thought it? There is a reason it is said. A shame story was put on them in some way in the earliest days of their lives. Mom or Dad may say or feel "I don't know why on earth I had this baby" or put blame on the baby for restrictions caused by parenthood. A baby can pick that up and it becomes shame story that he or she can feel for the rest of their lives. There are often no obvious words for our shame. We just feel it.
Shame is a cruel gift. Parents or caregivers often think that a pre-verbal child is too young to understand but they are very wrong. Seeds are planted and those seeds will become beautiful flowers if they are kind and gentle but they can also become weeds that are almost impossible to get rid of when the words are unkind or uncaring.
Shame is also the messages that we all pick up throughout our lives. If the base of the person is already damaged, shame given by the world around us is also too easily absorbed.
A child with a good base. A positive beginning can get called stupid because he or she made a mistake and they will often reply with "I am NOT stupid!" They may even run to a trusted adult to tattle on this mean person who called them stupid. How dare they!
Sadly, it is really easy to add to a shame story once it has begun.
Non-verbal shaming is perhaps the most insidious (as spoken of in the Dr. George Simon quote). You can argue with words but how do you argue with a sneer, a tone of voice, a look in the eyes?
Guilt is external and more easily verbalized "I did something wrong".
Shame is very difficult to verbalize. "I am wrong." There is something wrong with me as a person. I am not as worthy as others. I am not good enough in a very deep-seated way.
For me, shame presents itself first in the form of this thought.
I have a very deep fear of being outed as a liar and assume I need to hide this trait… even though that trait does not exist in me. I was taught that lesson from my earliest moments in my life and still believe it to this day despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. My husband and good friends have actually said that I don't lie even when I should. I can be a tad "direct".
I feel less than… less than everyone else. Everyone comes above me. It takes a great deal of strength and practice to say no without feeling badly or for putting my needs on the chart. At all. Ever. I am working on that one.
I feel unlikable. While others assume that I am happy, chatty and comfortable, I always leave with the feeling that I have likely done something to turn them off of me.
The really tricky thing about shame is that you can KNOW none of this is true but these messages of worthlessness are far more deeply planted than rational thought.
I feel that once we have found our shame and find a way to put a name on it, we can start to really question these beliefs. I do not for one second believe that I am suddenly going to get over all my shame filled thoughts just because I finally figured out what they were. It will take time and a lot of positive reinforcement from those who know me telling me what they see in me. Not buttering me up but truthful statements that I know people say to me already. I just have to put more effort in to believing them.
So… I hope you will answer these questions for me silently in your own head. You do not need to admit them to anyone. They are for you only.
Are you deeply and irreparably faulted?
Are you selfish or thoughtless?
Are you a waste of space?
Now, take a moment to ask yourself this one last question.
Who just answered? You or shame?


text:
Q: Why does this throw a SyntaxError? I'm trying to extend the functionality of a Promise and stumbled across this behaviour. I may be doing something silly but I'm confused.
Why does this code throw a SyntaxError?
Promise.constructor.call(this, function(){})
// Throws
// Uncaught SyntaxError: Unexpected token (
//   at Function (<anonymous>)
//   at <anonymous>:1:21

However this is fine
Promise.constructor.call(this, () => {})

A: First, in order to make this clear, notice that Promse.constructor is just a reference to the Function constructor.
So basically you are just calling:
Function.call(this, function () {})

and:
Function.call(this, () => {})

The first expression throws because function () {} is not a valid function statement (but it's a valid function expression).
The problem is that being at the top block of the scope, the function identifier is matching the grammar of the statement form of the function declaration, and function statements should be named (that's why the error says ( is an "unexpected token", the parser it's expecting a name between the function keyword and the ( character).
If you do use a name, or use the comma operator, it will treat the function as an expression:

console.log(Function('0,function () {}'))

console.log(Function('function test() {}'))

With arrow functions there is no problem since they can only be expressions.

A: You cant create anonymous function like this either way, it's not promise constructor problem;
function(){}

Thrown: function(){}
          ^
SyntaxError: Unexpected token (


text:
Search for: [Keywords = Quenching]
DILATOMETRIC STUDY OF HIGH STRENGTH STEELS HARDENABILITY
A. Di Schino
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2018 | vol. 63 | No 1 | DOI: 10.24425/118961
Keywords High strength steels quenching hardenability
Effect of Annealing Time for Quenching CuAl7Fe5Ni5W2Si2 Bronze on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
B. Pisarek
Keywords Innovative foundry technologies and materials Annealing quenching Microstructure mechanical properties Al-Fe-Ni-WSiBronze
This paper presents the influence of annealing time 30, 60 and 120 min at 1000°C for quenching CuAl7Fe5Ni5W2Si2 bronze in 10% water solution of NaCl, on the microstructure and mechanical properties. The presented results concern the species newly developed aluminum-iron-nickel bronze, with additions W and Si. In order to determine changes in the microstructure of the hardened bronze metallographic studies were performed on cylindrical samples of diameter 10 mm, on the metallographic microscope with digital image analysis, X-ray phase analysis, EDX point with the digital recording on the computer. Specified percentage of the microstructure of martensite and bainite, participation of proeutectoid α phase in the microstructure, grain size of former β phase, the amount of dissolved κ phase. It was found that in the microstructure of bronze in the cast state, there are a number of intermetallic phases of κ type. At interphase boundaries of primary intermetallic faceted precipitates, especially rich in tungsten (IM_W), nucleate and grow dendritic primary intermetallic κI phases, with chemical composition similar to the type of Fe3Si iron silicide. Dissolved, during the heating, in the β phase are all the intermediate phase included in the microstructure, with the exception of primary intermetallic phases of tungsten and κI. Prolongation of the isothermal annealing causes coagulation and coalescence of primary phases. In microstructure of the bronze after quenching obtained the α phase precipitation on the grain boundary of secondary β phase, coarse bainite and martensite, for all annealing times. With the change of annealing time are changed the relative proportions of individual phases or their systems, in the microstructure. In the microstructure of bronze, hold at temperature of 1000°C for 60 min, after quenching martensitic microstructure was obtained with the primary phases, and the least amount of bainite
Computer Advisory System in the Domain of Copper Alloys Manufacturing
S. Kluska-Nawarecka K. Regulski D. Wilk-Kołodziejczyk G. Rojek
Keywords Cooper alloy Bronze Modification of cooper alloy Quenching and tempering of cooper alloy Cased-based Reasoning
The main scope of the article is the development of a computer system, which should give advices at problem of cooper alloys manufacturing. This problem relates with choosing of an appropriate type of bronze (e.g. the BA 1044 bronze) with possible modification (e.g. calcium carbide modifications: Ca + C or CaC2) and possible heat treatment operations (quenching, tempering) in order to obtain desired mechanical properties of manufactured material described by tensile strength - Rm, yield strength - Rp0.2 and elongation - A5. By construction of the computer system being the goal of presented here work Case-based Reasoning is proposed to be used. Case-based Reasoning is the methodology within Artificial Intelligence techniques, which enables solving new problems basing on experiences that are solutions obtained in the past. Case-based Reasoning also enables incremental learning, because every new experience is retained each time in order to be available for future processes of problem solving. Proposed by the developed system solution can be used by a technologist as a rough solution for cooper alloys manufacturing problem, which requires further tests in order to confirm it correctness.
Effect of Tempering Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Cast L35HM Steel
B. Kalandyk R. Zapała P. Wawro
Keywords Heat treatment Tempering Quenching Mechanical properties Cast L35HM steel
A possibility to control the strength, hardness and ductility of the L35HM low-alloy structural cast steel by the applied tempering temperature is discussed in the paper. Tests were carried out on samples taken from the two randomly selected industrial melts. Heat treatment of the cast samples included quenching at 900 °C, cooling in an aqueous solution of polymer, and tempering at 600 and 650 °C. The obtained results showed that the difference in the tempering temperature equal to 50 °C can cause the difference of 121 MPa in the values of UTS and of 153 MPa in the values of 0.2%YS. For both melts tempered at 600 °C, the average values of UTS and 0.2%YS were equal to 995 MPa and 933 MPa, respectively. The values of EL and RA did not show any significant differences. Attention was drawn to large differences in strength and hardness observed between the melts tempered at 600 and 650 °C. Despite differences in the mechanical properties of the examined cast steel, the obtained results were superior to those specified by the standard.


text:
Video Installation, 2022
Ekmel Ertan, Ozan Atalan
Commissioned by and exhibited at Mixer, İstanbul
SENKRON 'Simultaneous Video Exhibitions' at Mixer; It meets with the audience between 15 April – 30 May 2022 under the management of Bilsart and Versus Art Project. Senkron brings together art institutions, artists, curators, and art professionals from different cities by focusing on video art in Turkey; It is an inclusive event about video art through exhibitions/events/talks and screenings. In this context, with the invitation of Mixer, Ozan Atalan and Ekmel Ertan's exhibition titled YOLO meets the audience with their new video productions, in which they shape their ideas and production processes together.
YOLO, You Only Live Once is a video installation jointly produced by Ozan Atalan and Ekmel Ertan as a response to the current biological, economic, political, and psychological insecurity and crisis. YOLO is based on the idea that the life we live turns into a consensus-based simulation that begins with our socialization, which we cannot interfere with. In the installation, we seem to notice this simulation environment represented by the Amusement Park only in the moments of deterioration visible with glitches. Something is not right. In pursuit of happiness, we try to network our bodies post-digital with more prosthetics and subordinate them to its life guidelines. The body-mind dichotomy's legs open wider. Our minds cannot convince our bodies despite the hysterical effort to have fun in a non-functioning simulation. The word YOLO, which is one of the linguistic products of modern life, gains a meaning that criticizes the utilitarian pursuit of happiness, which is broken from the real, within the scope of the exhibition.
teaser15sec
« Chosen Ignorance PARADISIAQUE »
© 2023 forumist.com
ekmel ertan's web site


51111 CSN DHI PASS, Chalisgaon Jn to Dhule runs Daily, has classes GN. Pantry is not available. Fare does not include food cost. Total travel time of the train is 1 hr, 15 min. Average speed is 45 km/hr. Advance reservation period (ARP) is 120 days. The train is owned by Central Railway (CR). Its rake is shared with . Ordinary fare is applicable. It is a Passenger train. It is a Broad Gauge train.


text:
module AzureSupport
  LOCATIONS = %w[canadacentral westcentralus westeurope southeastasia japaneast].freeze

  def self.random_location_unless_defined
    ENV['TF_VAR_tectonic_azure_location'] || LOCATIONS.sample
  end

  def self.set_ssh_key_path
    dir_home = ENV['HOME']
    ssh_pub_key_path = "#{dir_home}/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
    ENV['TF_VAR_tectonic_azure_ssh_key'] = ssh_pub_key_path
    ssh_pub_key_path
  end
end


text:
The video for this story is not available, but you can still read the transcript below.
Incident at Sea
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/incident-at-sea
Terrence Smith discusses the situation with Robert Pelletreau, Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs during the Clinton administration; Kahlil Jahshan, vice president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee; and David Makovsky, former executive editor of The Jerusalem Post.
TERENCE SMITH:
For more on this ship and its impact, we get three perspectives: Robert Pelletreau was assistant Secretary of State for near eastern affairs during the Clinton administration. Khalil Jahshan is vice President of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. And David Makovsky is a senior fellow at the Washington Institute, and the former executive editor of the Jerusalem Post.
Gentlemen, welcome to all three of you. Robert Pelletreau, what's the significance of the seizure of this ship — and both on the peace process and the way the two parties view each other?
ROBERT PELLETREAU:
The significance is that the Israelis now have no doubts about whether they can ever reach a peaceful settlement with Yasser Arafat about his commitment to negotiations, his commitment to live in peace.
New doubts added to lots of old doubts?
New doubts added to lots of old doubts. This shipment, if it had reached its destination, would have wreaked tremendous havoc.
All right, Khalil Jahshan, your view of it?
KHALIL JAHSHAN:
Well, there is no doubt that this is significant in the sense that this is the first time at least the Palestinian side, if you will, is caught bringing in weapons to that degree or with, you know, that magnitude.
It has happened before.
It has happened before. The fact of the matter, it has not happened in a vacuum. The Palestinian people continue to live under Israeli military occupation. For the past 14 months, or almost a year and a half, they have been in a military confrontation with Israel. Has Israel stopped or deprived itself of the right to bring in weapons during that period? Of course the accusation is that you know, the Palestinians promised a cease-fire a few weeks ago and now they bring in weapons. But let's think of the logistics for a moment. Let's listen to ourselves for a moment. An operation of this sort chances are, has been under way for more than a year, to organize, to buy the ship and to buy the weapons and what have you. So it's totally unrelated.
Although it could have been turned back, in theory?
I of course, I agree. But again, there has been no contact, again, to create, if you will, a distance between those who have been managing this operation and those who have been running it. Clearly there has been no radio or other contacts. But Bob is right in the sense that it contributed to adding more distrust, if you will, to the formula, which is not needed. But the fact of the matter, both parties have no option in the future but to come back and talk to one another.
And the effort is a violation of the Oslo accords, which the Palestinian Authority agreed to.
All right, David Makovsky, Israel has distanced itself already from Yasser Arafat individually. There was a report today that they are going to cut off all contacts with the Palestinian authority until individuals responsible for this ship are arrested. More distance between the two?
DAVID MAKOVSKY:
Yes, I mean clearly this… I think this is devastating because really what you've seen here is that, as Bob said, this is a violation of what Oslo, the agreements of 1993. But more importantly, beyond that, this is a violation and it goes way beyond the cease-fire, is that the whole premise of this peace process is to set up two states within a 50-mile zone. That's between the Mediterranean and the Jordan. So for Israel to agree for a Palestinian street on K street, they want to know on L street that there is not Kaytusha rockets that could hit every Israel city, there are no C-4 explosives. These are the same thing the sneaker bomber had that are used for suicide bombings and roadside bombings. And another premise of it was that there would be no military relationships, and here it's with Iran, which is the most rejectionist state and it's number one on the State Department terrorism list. So the whole premise of peace making in a certain way has been thrown very seriously in doubt. And it's very serious. And as the captain we saw in the set-up piece said, he said, "I'm an employee of the Palestinian Authority." The guy who ran the finances has been… We know was a long-time associate of Mr. Arafat. And the guy who's been the arms purchaser, Adel Mugrabi has been in charge of weapons requisition. And we know Faci Rasin is the number two guy in the Palestinian navy. So these are four employees of the Palestinian Authority in senior positions, and therefore, the focus is very much on Mr. Arafat.
Khalil, is it reasonable to assume, then, that Yasser Arafat knew and authorized this shipment?
Probably Yasser Arafat should have known. Whether he knew or not, I have no… I'm not privy to that information. He definitely should have known, if that indeed was the case. I mean there is evidence out there that indicates that some people associated with the Authority. But that's not the issue, I mean from a Palestinian perspective, if Yasser Arafat was not bringing in weapons to defend the Palestinian people against Israeli occupation, he would not have been doing his responsibility. Oslo? I mean what Oslo? Defying Oslo at this time, which is defunct — it hasn't proved any… Look, Israel today, as we speak, you had it in your program, walked in and demolished 70 homes today affecting 109 families, affecting more than 600 people. This is state-administered terrorism using American weapons and using Israeli weapons. Why is the Israeli side allowed under Oslo to continue to arm and continue to administer violence to the Palestinian people, and the Palestinian people are not even allowed to use stones and we describe that as terror when they try to…
But you go too far, Khalil, in saying that Oslo is defunct. Arafat and the Palestinian Authority wouldn't even be in Gaza, they wouldn't even be in Jericho in the West Bank, in Ramallah right now if it weren't for the Oslo Accords.
Robert Pelletreau, what is the involvement of Iran, if in fact it is confirmed as the source of these weapons, say to you? And what does that do to the balance of power in the region?
Iran has been involved for a long time, we know, in the financing and the supplying of Hezbollah, and it's not yet clear exactly what the role of Hezbollah and the role of Iran and which groups of Iran are in this shipment. But if it does come out that Iran, in its and its government entities, is involved now, has made a decision to be supplying arms to Palestinian groups in the Palestinian areas, this is an escalation. This is a new development, and quite a serious one.
And what does this do to the idea of the United States and Iran increasing discussions of late over terrorism issues?
Well, it makes it much harder for the United States and Iran to take the next steps toward a normalization.
It definitely makes it more complicated for the United States in dealing with Iran and other actors in the region. But we do not know whether Iran, in terms of the government itself, has been behind this or not. It is important, I think, we should be clear before this audience that the relationship between the PA, generally speaking, and Iran, has not been a warm relationship. And that's why this is surprising and there must be, if indeed there is an Iranian party I doubt that it's the Iranian government, which has been opposed to the PA, opposed to the peace process or whatever is left of it, and have not been involved in arming anybody related to Yasser Arafat. So why all of a sudden?
David, this strategy of the Israeli government, of distancing itself from the Palestinian Authority, I mean in the end, don't you have to negotiate with your enemy to get anywhere?
There's no doubt that you have to. But the whole premises of Oslo in 1993 and to continue on Bob's point, is that somehow Arafat would be a Mandela, that he would be transformed, he'd have a stake in this process and therefore, have a stake in its success. What we've seen by his actions that he's not Mandela, he's act can like Mugabi and the net effect is you will not find a phone booth of Israelis who are willing to state willing to have the sort of state that Khalil Jahshan just talked about. If you were to say bring us right to your borders and have Kaytusha rockets aimed at you and C-4 explosives aimed at you and have dozens of car bombs, suicide bombings go out, nobody would agree to this. And that was just… At the center of Oslo was that this would be side by side states, and I think the Palestinian people deserve, frankly, better leadership. 60%, according to the most poll say they want a cease-fire. And I think, frankly, the United States has to think the way… The same problem in the '90s with Yeltsin, which goes you get behind the man and you forget the principles. For the last decade, all the U.S. has been thinking about is the man. He is the only alternative to Hamas, to the militants. But instead, I think there needs to be a rethink and say, "Hey, what are the principles here? Maybe some of the younger generation is what we've got to look to because this policy is becoming a disaster."
Let me ask you both about that.
Look, the rethink doesn't belong to you or me, it doesn't belong to President Bush. The rethink belongs to the Palestinian people. It is their right to replace Arafat…
Is there rethinking going on?
There has always been rethinking, but unfortunately, we have not help the Palestinians since '94, when the Palestinian Authority was formed and Yasser Arafat went in to focus on that, on building a civil society, on building the infrastructure of a state. Instead, we focused on…
Is he still the man to deal with, Yasser Arafat?
Yes, he is. Before we jump in to what would be a successor government, let's be real here that this is going to be a period of chaos after Yasser Arafat goes. He is the symbol of Palestinianism, the Palestinian identity. He does not have a designated successor. He hasn't allowed anyone to develop. So much as we dislike him in some ways, much as the Israelis are frustrated with him, he is the answer box right now.
You right, but you've got to admit Bob. I'm talking about what Palestinians are saying – what Shakaki wrote in Foreign Affairs – what Saber — there's with a new generation of Palestinian leaders that are coming to the fore that are saying, "this current strategy of confrontation has been a disaster for us as Palestinians, and we're so whetted to this old think, I think we need to revisit it. And I think the U.S. shouldn't be alone, by the way. Work with the Europeans, work with the Arab governments who keep saying this is important to them. It was only that sort of multilateral effort in December that even got Arafat to go as far as he did. But I think the key actors here have to rethink their whole policies.
And how long would it take?
All right, we'll have to find out. Thank you, all three, very much.