text:
Crime commission chief takes to streets, Web
Gregory Meyer
SPOTLIGHT: JAMES WAGNER
Job: President, Chicago Crime Commission, since Jan. 1.
Vitals: 63 years old; bachelor's degree, Eastern Illinois University, 1965. High school teacher, 1965-1969; FBI special agent, 1969-2000; Illinois Gaming Board chief investigator, 2000-2005.
Strong suit: Strong ties to local law enforcement.
Résumé gap: He's never worked in a non-profit. The commission, formed by local businessmen in 1919, has a $1-million budget.
Track record: Mr. Wagner supervised the FBI's organized crime division in Chicago for five years. Earlier in his career, he arrested Chicago mob kingpin Anthony Accardo, now deceased.
Job one: Restore the crime information group's prominence. "I do believe that public awareness of the commission has decreased in recent times. I'm not sure why. But my goal is to change that, to reverse that," he says.
Obstacles: The Chicago Outfit, a perennial commission target, is no longer the threat it once was. "It's my sense that they're pretty washed up," says Robert Lombardo, assistant professor of criminal justice at Loyola University Chicago.
The plan: Focus on street gangs as well as the mob, buy billboard space to warn convicted felons not to use guns and use the commission's Web site to address the threat of child sexual exploitation.
ARCHITECTURE/ENGINEERING
Summit Design & Build LLC, Chicago: Adam Miller, 35, to president, from vice-president at KCC Group Design & Build Inc.
Northwest Suburban Bancorp Inc., Mount Prospect: Wayne S. Pavlicek, 44, to senior vice-president and chief financial officer, from executive vice-president at FirstWestRoads in Omaha, Neb.
DLA Piper Rudnick Gray Cary US LLP, Chicago: Karl M. Ahlm, 34, and Peter G. Lawrence, 33, to partner in the corporate and securities practice group, from associate. Also, Diana M. Chafey, 37, and William Choslovsky, 37, to partner in the finance practice group, from associate, and Kelli A. Toronyi, 37, to partner in the employee benefits and executive compensation group, from associate.
Foley & Lardner LLP, Milwaukee: Janice A. Anderson, 54, to partner in the health care industry practice in Chicago, from general counsel and vice-president of regional operations and corporate services for Borgess Health Alliance Inc. and Borgess Medical Center in Kalamazoo, Mich.
Much Shelist Freed Denenberg Ament & Rubenstein P.C., Chicago: Neil B. Posner, 56, to principal and head of the policyholders' insurance coverage department, from partner at Sachnoff & Weaver Ltd.
Munday & Nathan, Chicago: Jeffrey A. Schulkin, 36, to partner, from associate.
Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal LLP, Chicago: Pamela Baker, 54, to chair in the employee benefits and executive compensation practice, from vice-chair.
Vedder Price Kaufman & Kammholz P.C., Chicago: William J. Lewis, 36, to shareholder in the real estate, land use and construction practice areas, from partner at Ungaretti & Harris.
Wildman Harrold Allen & Dixon LLP, Chicago: Kirk Hoopengarner, 47, to partner, from partner at Gardner Carton & Douglas LLP.
MARKETING/MEDIA
Weber Shandwick Worldwide, New York: Kim Metcalfe, 36, to senior vice-president in the corporate affairs group in Chicago, from senior vice-president of media relations at Edelman.
CB Richard Ellis Inc., Los Angeles: Richard A. Frolik Jr., 39, and Robert J. Mahoney, 49, to executive vice-president in Chicago, from senior vice-president.
American Medical Assn., Chicago: Robert W. Davis, 52, to senior vice-president of human resources, from executive vice-president of strategic planning and human resources at Cole Taylor Bank.
Gonnella Baking Co., Chicago: George F. Marcucci, 58, to president, from corporate treasurer.
Scottish Development International, Glasgow, Scotland: Elaine Hovey, 35, to senior vice-president and general manager in Downers Grove, from strategic customer manager at Plexus Corp. in Kelso, Scotland.
To submit an item for On The Move, or to access job changes and board appointments on our Web site, go to chicagobusiness.com/peoplenews.
©2006 by Crain Communications Inc.


text:
Start by marking "Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings of Islamic Historical Writing" as Want to Read:
We'd love your help. Let us know what's wrong with this preview of Narratives of Islamic Origins by Fred M. Donner.
Preview — Narratives of Islamic Origins by Fred M. Donner
Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings of Islamic Historical Writing
Fred M. Donner
How and why did Muslims first come to write their own history? The author argues in this work that the Islamic historical tradition arose not out of idle curiosity, or through imitation of antique models, but as a response to a variety of challenges facing the Islamic community during its first several centuries (ca. seventh to tenth centuries CE). The narratives that How and why did Muslims first come to write their own history? The author argues in this work that the Islamic historical tradition arose not out of idle curiosity, or through imitation of antique models, but as a response to a variety of challenges facing the Islamic community during its first several centuries (ca. seventh to tenth centuries CE). The narratives that resulted focused on certain themes of Islamic origins, selected to legitimise particular aspects of the Islamic community and faith in one or another. These included the need to establish the status of Muhammad (d. 632) as prophet, to affirm that the community to which they belonged was the direct descendant of the original community founded by the Prophet, to explain Muslim hegemony over vast populations of non-Muslims in the rapidly growing Islamic empire, and to articulate different positions in the ongoing debate with the Islamic community itself over political and religious leadership.An examination of these key themes of early Islamic historiography and the issues generating them is placed in the context of other styles of legitimisation in the early Islamic community, including such methods as appeals to piety and genealogy. Narratives of Islamic Origins is a ground-breaking work that represents the first comprehensive tradition -- critical account of the origins and rise of Arab-Islamic historiography, and is essential reading for all historians of medieval Islamic history and civilisation, and for all those interested in the historiography of comparative civilisations. ...more
Unknown Binding, 358 pages
Published January 1st 1998 by Darwin Press, Incorporated
Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings of Islamic Historical Writing (Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam, No. 14)
0878501274 (ISBN13: 9780878501274)
To ask other readers questions about Narratives of Islamic Origins, please sign up.
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Start your review of Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings of Islamic Historical Writing
Oct 22, 2017 Wendelle So added it
impressive book for experts, not for people like me. It examines trustworthiness of sources of our knowledge of the early life of the Prophet and the dating of the Quran. It concludes that the early Islamic sources were 'an exercise in legitimation' and were conscientiously chosen and developed with an eye toward specific historiographical, polemical, or aesthetic purposes. Nevertheless this does not detract from the traditional position that the general story told by these writings convey the impressive book for experts, not for people like me. It examines trustworthiness of sources of our knowledge of the early life of the Prophet and the dating of the Quran. It concludes that the early Islamic sources were 'an exercise in legitimation' and were conscientiously chosen and developed with an eye toward specific historiographical, polemical, or aesthetic purposes. Nevertheless this does not detract from the traditional position that the general story told by these writings convey the correct history of Early Islamic development.
The introduction shares the four approaches that govern scholarly acceptance of Islamic/ Arabic sources, ranging from traditional to skeptical.
Part I identifies differences between the Quran and the corpus of hadiths that allow us to date and place hadith literature with their 'secularist' composers of Iraq and Syria centuries beyond original writing of the Quran.
It also contains discussion of the difference of presentation, emphasis and motivation between the Christian and Islamic narrative of common stories like the Fall of Adam and the revelation of Joseph to his brothers. The book here claims the difference occurs because the Quran views these stories not as revolutionary events in the history of a chosen people but as useful exemplary instances of a universal story of good pious men against evil agents:
"In the Qur'an, on the other hand, all peoples have a
prophet, and all prophets are equal, so the story of any one prophet
is not really distinctive; the names change, but the lesson is the same.
The Qur'anic narrations do not come together in a progression to form
the history of a chosen people, marked by particular and distinctive
events, as in the Old Testament, but rather depict an eternal moral
choice-the choice between good and evil, Belief and unbelief-faced
by all people from Adam on in more or less the same form, and hence
simply repeat~d generation after generation."
I find this curious because my impression of Islam contained the perhaps erroneous understanding that certain cultures occupy unassailable privilege-- the true Quran could only be read in Arabic, for example. ...more
Sep 19, 2018 Taylor Kniphfer rated it it was amazing
Shelves: history
For any historian of Islam or any newcomer to the field, this book is a must.
Sep 30, 2012 Anonimo rated it it was amazing
Ostensibly, the purpose of the book is to address the question of why the early Muslims began to write history and why the history they wrote took the shape that it did. But in doing so, Donner also tackles the question of "authenticity" that has consumed so many historians of Islam, especially in the West.
The book begins with a summary of four major approaches to Islamic history: classical, source-critical, tradition-critical and skeptical, and argues for some form of tradition-criticism (not Ostensibly, the purpose of the book is to address the question of why the early Muslims began to write history and why the history they wrote took the shape that it did. But in doing so, Donner also tackles the question of "authenticity" that has consumed so many historians of Islam, especially in the West.
The book begins with a summary of four major approaches to Islamic history: classical, source-critical, tradition-critical and skeptical, and argues for some form of tradition-criticism (not too different from the approach of traditional Islamic hadith scholarship, which Donner seems to admire). Donner then argues (convincingly) for an early date for the Quran of around AD 630. The majority of the book is then spent detailing the various themes that Muslim historical accounts were concerned with. The idea here is that the early Muslims faced certain pressing questions about leadership, political legitimacy, taxation and administration, legal affairs, etc. for which answers were sought in the past to support various positions. Although the accounts that emerged included a great deal of material that was forged, exaggerated or transposed in time, these accounts had to have some relation to some real events or personages to be of any use (the principle of "verisimilitude of forgery"). A story about the last Sassanid emperor handing a clod of earth to a Tamimi chief before the battle of Qadisiyyah is almost certainly spurious. It obviously serves to bolster the prestige of the chief's descendents and possibly to serve as a literary device, a harbinger of the great conquests. But it would not have served those purposes if the audience was not already familiar with the battle of Qadissiyyah.
There is, however, a lot more to the book than "verisimilitude of forgery", and the concluding chapter and epilogue contain an eloquent and sensible refutation of the more extreme "skeptics," arguing instead for accepting the broad outlines of the classical account.
Donner's writing is lucid and clear for such a technical subject but there is only so much he can do in that regard given the complexity of the argument. It is a book that may need to be read more than once, even by a specialist. If you are new to Islamic history or just a casual reader, look elsewhere. This is a book for people with at least some grounding in the subject. A good place to start would be Donner's own "Muhammad and the Believers" (even though I do not agree with the "ecumenical" argument it promotes). ...more
Oct 21, 2015 Caracalla rated it really liked it
Decisive rebuttal to sceptical accounts of early Islamic history by Crone et al. Provides a thematic taxonomy of the earliest surviving works of Islamic historiography (Ibn Ishaq, al-Baladhuri, al-Tabari, etc.), arguing for a certain view of the developing historiographical tradition and the social forces that shaped it. Interesting belief that pious thinking was at heart a non-historical sort of thinking that had to be overlayed with historical writing when later political difficulties required Decisive rebuttal to sceptical accounts of early Islamic history by Crone et al. Provides a thematic taxonomy of the earliest surviving works of Islamic historiography (Ibn Ishaq, al-Baladhuri, al-Tabari, etc.), arguing for a certain view of the developing historiographical tradition and the social forces that shaped it. Interesting belief that pious thinking was at heart a non-historical sort of thinking that had to be overlayed with historical writing when later political difficulties required 'legitimation' ...more
Sep 02, 2014 Courtney Homer rated it really liked it
This is my first book for my grad school class on approaches to Middle Eastern and Islamic history. The book was accessible and fascinating. The book answers two main questions - why did Muslims begin to record their history and how. As a new student of Islamic history, I found the first half especially interesting as the author addresses the context of early Islam. The second half wasn't quite as engaging as he discusses the themes and issues with the history, but it was still an enjoyable This is my first book for my grad school class on approaches to Middle Eastern and Islamic history. The book was accessible and fascinating. The book answers two main questions - why did Muslims begin to record their history and how. As a new student of Islamic history, I found the first half especially interesting as the author addresses the context of early Islam. The second half wasn't quite as engaging as he discusses the themes and issues with the history, but it was still an enjoyable read. ...more
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About Fred M. Donner
Books by Fred M. Donner
Trivia About Narratives of Isl...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
require 'minitest/autorun'
require 'diameter'
require_relative "./get_config_from_env.rb"

include Diameter

describe "OpenIMSCore HSS" do
  it "should handle the four key flows in the usual order - UAR, MAR, SAR, LIR" do
    client_stack = Stack.new(ORIGIN_HOST, ORIGIN_REALM)
    client_stack.add_handler(16777216, auth: true, vendor: 10415) { nil }
    client_stack.start
    peer = client_stack.connect_to_peer(HSS_URI, HSS_ID, HSS_REALM)
    peer.wait_for_state_change :UP
    # Unregister the user to ensure a clean state
    sar_avps = [AVP.create("Vendor-Specific-Application-Id",
                           [AVP.create("Vendor-Id", 10415),
                            AVP.create("Auth-Application-Id", 16777216)]),
                AVP.create("Session-Id", "one"),
                AVP.create("Destination-Host", HSS_ID),
                AVP.create("Destination-Realm", HSS_REALM),
                AVP.create("Auth-Session-State", 0),
                AVP.create("User-Name", IMPI),
                AVP.create("Public-Identity", IMPU),
                AVP.create("Server-Name", "sip:scscf@open-ims.test"),
                AVP.create("User-Data-Already-Available", 0),
                AVP.create("Server-Assignment-Type", 1),
               ]
    sar = Message.new(command_code: 301, app_id: 16777216, avps: sar_avps)
    saa = client_stack.send_request(sar).value

    saa['Result-Code'].uint32.must_equal 2001
    sar_avps = [AVP.create("Vendor-Specific-Application-Id",
                           [AVP.create("Vendor-Id", 10415),
                            AVP.create("Auth-Application-Id", 16777216)]),
                AVP.create("Session-Id", "one"),
                AVP.create("Destination-Host", HSS_ID),
                AVP.create("Destination-Realm", HSS_REALM),
                AVP.create("Auth-Session-State", 0),
                AVP.create("User-Name", IMPI),
                AVP.create("Public-Identity", IMPU),
                AVP.create("Server-Name", "sip:scscf@open-ims.test"),
                AVP.create("User-Data-Already-Available", 0),
                AVP.create("Server-Assignment-Type", 5),
               ]
    sar = Message.new(command_code: 301, app_id: 16777216, avps: sar_avps)
    saa = client_stack.send_request(sar).value

    saa['Result-Code'].uint32.must_equal 2001

    uar_avps = [AVP.create("Session-Id", "one"),
                AVP.create("Vendor-Specific-Application-Id",
                           [AVP.create("Vendor-Id", 10415),
                            AVP.create("Auth-Application-Id", 16777216)]),
                AVP.create("Auth-Session-State", 0),
                AVP.create("Destination-Host", HSS_ID),
                AVP.create("Destination-Realm", HSS_REALM),
                AVP.create("User-Name", IMPI),
                AVP.create("Public-Identity", IMPU),
                AVP.create("Visited-Network-Identifier", "open-ims.test"),
               ]
    uar = Message.new(command_code: 300, app_id: 16777216, avps: uar_avps)
    uaa = client_stack.send_request(uar).value

    uaa['Experimental-Result'].inner_avp("Experimental-Result-Code").uint32.must_equal 2001
    required_avps = ["Session-Id", "Vendor-Specific-Application-Id", "Auth-Session-State", "Origin-Host", "Origin-Realm"]

    required_avps.each do |name|
      uaa.avp(name).wont_be_nil
    end

    mar_avps = [AVP.create("Vendor-Specific-Application-Id",
                           [AVP.create("Vendor-Id", 10415),
                            AVP.create("Auth-Application-Id", 16777216)]),
                AVP.create("Session-Id", "one"),
                AVP.create("Destination-Host", HSS_ID),
                AVP.create("Destination-Realm", HSS_REALM),
                AVP.create("Auth-Session-State", 0),
                AVP.create("User-Name", IMPI),
                AVP.create("Public-Identity", IMPU),
                AVP.create("Server-Name", "sip:scscf@open-ims.test"),
                AVP.create("SIP-Number-Auth-Items", 1),
                AVP.create("SIP-Auth-Data-Item",
                           [AVP.create("SIP-Authentication-Scheme", "Unknown")]),
               ]
    mar = Message.new(command_code: 303, app_id: 16777216, avps: mar_avps)
    maa = client_stack.send_request(mar).value

    maa['Result-Code'].uint32.must_equal 2001

    required_avps = ["Session-Id", "Vendor-Specific-Application-Id", "Auth-Session-State", "Origin-Host", "Origin-Realm", "SIP-Auth-Data-Item"]

    required_avps.each do |name|
      maa.avp(name).wont_be_nil
    end

    sar_avps = [AVP.create("Vendor-Specific-Application-Id",
                           [AVP.create("Vendor-Id", 10415),
                            AVP.create("Auth-Application-Id", 16777216)]),
                AVP.create("Session-Id", "one"),
                AVP.create("Destination-Host", HSS_ID),
                AVP.create("Destination-Realm", HSS_REALM),
                AVP.create("Auth-Session-State", 0),
                AVP.create("User-Name", IMPI),
                AVP.create("Public-Identity", IMPU),
                AVP.create("Server-Name", "sip:scscf@open-ims.test"),
                AVP.create("User-Data-Already-Available", 0),
                AVP.create("Server-Assignment-Type", 1), # REGISTRATION
               ]
    sar = Message.new(command_code: 301, app_id: 16777216, avps: sar_avps)
    saa = client_stack.send_request(sar).value

    saa['Result-Code'].uint32.must_equal 2001

    required_avps = ["Session-Id", "Vendor-Specific-Application-Id", "Auth-Session-State", "Origin-Host", "Origin-Realm", "User-Data"]

    required_avps.each do |name|
      saa.avp(name).wont_be_nil
    end

    puts saa['User-Data'].octet_string

    lir_avps = [AVP.create("Vendor-Specific-Application-Id",
                           [AVP.create("Vendor-Id", 10415),
                            AVP.create("Auth-Application-Id", 16777216)]),
                AVP.create("Session-Id", "one"),
                AVP.create("Destination-Host", HSS_ID),
                AVP.create("Destination-Realm", HSS_REALM),
                AVP.create("Auth-Session-State", 0),
                AVP.create("Public-Identity", IMPU),
               ]
    lir = Message.new(command_code: 302, app_id: 16777216, avps: lir_avps)
    lia = client_stack.send_request(lir).value

    lia['Result-Code'].uint32.must_equal 2001

    required_avps = ["Session-Id", "Vendor-Specific-Application-Id", "Auth-Session-State", "Origin-Host", "Origin-Realm", "Server-Name"]

    required_avps.each do |name|
      lia.avp(name).wont_be_nil
    end

  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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This policy was last modified on July 22, 2018.


Article published on the University Twente website on 20 October 2014.
A new membrane, developed by University of Twente scientists, can be made more or less porous 'on demand'. In this way, smart switching between 'open' and 'closed' is possible, which opens the way to innovative applications in biosensors, chemical analysis and katalysis. The researchers of the MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology present their results in 'Angewandte Chemie'. Their paper is designated 'very important' by the journal.
The pore size of the smart membranes can be adjusted from the outside: this is very attractive in applications like biosensors or chemical analysis. The 'Swiss cheese' structure is characteristic of many polymer membranes and is now modified by introducing iron within the polymer. Using an electric signal or a chemical reaction, the pore size can be adjusted. The key to this is the controlled adding or extracting of electrons to and from iron.
Thanks to this adjustable pore size, the permeability and selectivity of the membrane can be tuned, for separation purposes or controlled release. The UT scientists see possibilities in analysis and separation of proteins, for example. An extra advantage of the new membranes is the change in colour that takes place. The process of protein detection and analysis becomes visible in an easy way, which may lead to a cheap type of biosensor.
Another application of the smart membrane is in catalysis. Here, it is possible to kill two birds with one stone. Whilst the pore size and permeabiliteit can be altered using a chemical reaction with silver salt, nanosize particles of silver are deposited on the membrane at the same time. Silver is an important catalyst in many applications.
The membrane research is conducted in the Materials Science and Technology of Polymers group, led by Prof. Julius Vancso. This group is part of the MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology of the University of Twente.
The paper 'Breathing cells on command: redox-responsive porous membranes from poly(ferrocenylsilane)s' by Kaihuan Zhang, Xueling Feng, Mark Hempenius en Julius Vancso is available online as an 'early view'. It has been marked 'very important paper' by Angewandte Chemie.


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text:
Q: t-test between two groups based on a condition I have the following fake-dataset, very similar to the real one:
Country <- c("Italy", "Italy", "Germany", "Germany", "Spain", "Spain", "France", "France")
Specialisation <- c("Cooperative", "Savings", "Cooperative", "Savings", "Cooperative", "Savings", "Cooperative", "Savings" )
TotalAssets <- c(12, 3, 45, 6, 34, 98, 23, 5)
df <- data.frame(Country = Country, Specialisation = Specialisation, TotalAssets = TotalAssets)

I want to calculate the differences in mean between the Total Assets of Savings and Cooperative banks, for each country.
This is the code I came up with, but it does not work.
t <- df %>% group_by(Country) %>% t.test(TotalAssets ~ Specialisation, alternative = "two.sided", var.equal = FALSE)

UPDATE:
I tried to use the code above belonging to @SALAR. I get the following error:
    Error in t.test.formula(TotalAssets ~ Specialisation, alternative = "two.sided", : grouping factor must have exactly 2 levels

I transformed the "Specialisation" column in factor:
TotalAsset_df$Specialisation <- as.factor(TotalAsset_df$Specialisation)

I checked the levels:
levels(TotalAsset_df$Specialisation)

Output:
[1] "Cooperative bank" "Savings bank"

But still, when I execute the code, I get the following error:
Thanks to whoever is gonna help!

A: You can split data by country and use 'map' function to loop over:
library(purrr)

t<-df %>% split(.$Country) %>%
map (.,~ t.test(TotalAssets ~ Specialisation, alternative = "two.sided",
var.equal = FALSE,data = .))

Then extract p.values (or any statistic you may want) for each country:
map_dbl(t,~.$"p.value")

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


ISO has recently published the 45001 standard to help organisations improve their health and safety performance by creating safer work conditions, where injuries and diseases are prevented, and lives are saved.
ISO 45001 is a fresh answer to the old world scale concern about health and safety at work. It wants to put health and safety at the core of the business strategy and change the way both employees and employers think of the well-being at work.
Up to 90 experts worked together for five years, and their work resulted in the first international occupational health and safety standard that specifies requirements for an occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS), to enable an organisationto proactively improve its OH&S performance in preventing injury and ill-health.
This standard shares many basic ideas about safety with the previous ones but separates itself from the others by taking a new perspective towards the biggest occupational safety challenges that make it difficult for a company to protect its people.
People keep organisations alive with their work, commitment, and motivation. The existence of any business depends on its employees; this is a fact that will never change. Therefore, it is fair to say that the first responsibility of any organisation towards its people is to keep them safe and send them to their families in full health. However, statistics tell another story.
Data shows that each year over 2.78 million people loses their lives just because they're doing their job; this number is more than half of the population of Sydney. Yet many more people are suffering from work-related diseases and injuries that can change their lives forever. This is why health and safety at work have been the common concerns of businesses around the globe for many years now.
Organisations needed guidelines to show them the best way of protecting their workers. This demand for safety guidelines led to various occupational health and safety standards.
However, there was still room for another standard to improve occupational safety and consider new changes in the business environment. A new standard that goes beyond basics and integrates into the overall business process of companies.
ISO stepped in to fill the gap and provide organisations with a new exciting opportunity to make their environment a safer and better place for work.
Members of ISO health and safety committee wanted to create a standard that could make a real difference in health and safety at work. To do so, the standard had to be capable of dealing with safety challenges standing in the way. By going through the standard requirements, we can say that ISO 45001 has been able to target the most critical safety challenges and provide organisations with different tools to overcome them.
Without prevention, any system would be just a reactive machine that is concerned with treatment and rehabilitation. However, this is a matter of life and death so a successful OHSMS should be more lined towards preventing and proactive actions. While the proactive approach to safety saves more lives, it also tends to be less costly, and in long time, it can help the organisation's bottom line.
Given all that, ISO 45001 puts a strong emphasis on identifying and controlling hazards and risks to avoid accidents or any threat to the people's health and safety. The standard makes a comprehensive effort to address all the activities or elements that could harm people in order to prevent safety issues in the first place.
ISO realizes that among the different management systems in an organisation, health and safety system is the first one that needs the greatest amount of proactivity; otherwise, the results could be catastrophic. The PDCA model makes sure that the process of identifying risk and hazards never stops.
So far, all we have said has been around the organisation's responsibility towards people working on its behalf. Although, there is one important thing missing which is people's responsibility towards safety. The picture is not complete unless everyone, from top management to frontline workers, takes safety seriously. There must be a culture of safety to promote OHSMS practices in organisations and create awareness of hazard and risks, if not; no one is going to do what a safety manual says.
Safety culture is one of the success factors that ISO 45001 mentions, and talks about it on different occasions in the requirements. The standard demands organisations to involve their workers in the H&S management system, to ask them about their ideas, and to give them enough training and tools, so workers consider themselves as a part of the OHSMS.
The intent of ISO 45001 is to make safety everyone's responsibility and to create an environment where workers can express their safety concerns with the management and know that their concern is recognized and respected.
A safety culture needs a lot of effort and openness from both sides of the company, but when they get to the point that everyone values safety, and it becomes the first priority, positive results will be enormous. The new standard guides organisations to reach that point and develop new behavior that can make a difference in people's lives.
Strategic directions and policies are among the key aspects of any business and come directly from top management. A process in the organisation cannot be effective unless top management includes that in those key aspects and commits to implement that process.
ISO admits the significant role of senior management and assigns big responsibilities to it, in fact, we can see the leadership trace all over the requirements. Based on 45001 standard, improving safety is a top-down process, and there is no other way to ensure it will work.
ISO 45001 believes that safety management system must be linked to the overall system of organisation to ensure there's enough support coming from above, and leadership is accountable for the safety procedures. When leadership has a safety vision and motivates people to achieve that vision, the organisation also gains valuable outcomes and enhances its safety culture. The culture of safety in turn results in lowering the cost-benefit ratio, which can be a motivation for the top management as well.
An organisation cannot be successful in its safety attempts if the safety system leaves these challenges unanswered. However, ISO 45001 knows exactly how to address them.
The 45001 standard could significantly improve your safety performance and bring many values to your organisation, continue reading to find out more about the benefits that you can get from it.
ISO 45001 is a global standard, which is recognized across the world. This standard shows companies worldwide that your organisation is committed to the welfare of staff and external parties. It can help organisation to create a positive image of themselves.
Besides, 45001 standard minimises the risk of production delays and promotes a better service to the customers which results in standing out among the competitors.
ISO 45001 minimises the risk of downtime through accidents and provides possible cost saving through public liability insurance premiums. Identifying hazards and controlling risks at the earliest stage could help reducing business cost by preventing safety issues.
Leadership commitment to safety and safety culture can change the way employees think of the organisation. As long as workers see their health and wellbeing is important for leaders, they are more likely to work better and be more productive.
Certification to this ISO demonstrates a strong commitment to ongoing improvement of safety performance and proves that the safety of people who are somehow related to the company's operation is very important.
It is always better to have someone from outside of the company double check the safety process to make sure every vital aspect has been considered and taken care of. Also, an outsider could see problems from a different angle that is beneficial as well.
If your organisationis already certified to one of the recently revised ISO standards such as 9001 or 14001 you can easily notice the same feel and look in the ISO 45001 as well. The reason lies is the matching core text and common terms and definitions that all of these standards share which comes from adopting the new high-level structure of Annex SL.
All the new ISO standards are developed using this10 clauses. This identical structure aims to help organisations to easily integrate more than one ISO standard and avoid conflict, confusion and extra effort as much as possible.
However, the real capacity of this framework is in not fully understood unless we combine it with the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle (PDCA). PDCA is a powerful tool that if used in the correct way it can move the needle in the organisations' performance.
The combination of Annex SL framework and PDCA model helps organisations to see their management systems as a never-ending loop that only improves and becomes a better version of what it was before. In fact,10 clauses of standard don't have a linear relationship together, on the contrary, they are different parts of a process to achieve the management system goals.
The whole process is the same for all of the ISO standards so organisations can benefit from the simplicity of integrating different standards together and to their overall business process.
Here we try to mention some important points of ISO 45001 requirements and provide a high-level explanation of the 10 clauses to help you better understand the logic and intent behind them.
This clause refers to the intent of ISO 45001, which is continual improvement of safety in organisations fulfilling legal requirements.
This standard has no normative reference.
This clause provides the list of terms and definitions in ISO 45001.
Context of organisation is a new concept in the ISO standards that simply refers to all the internal and external issues that can affect your OHSMS ability to reach its intended objectives. In this step, you must identify all those issues that are specific to your own organisation.
Another new term in this clause is interested parties, which means organisations have to consider the needs and expectations of all the internal and external parties that can have an impact on their OHSMS, not just their employees. These internal and external parties could be stakeholders, unions, governments, etc.
The important point here is to know your company's environment inside and out, so that you can create a global scope to implement your OHSMS in it.
Engaging in these tasks demonstrate the commitment and participation of senior management.
In case of hazard identification and control, ISO 45001 takes a more proactive rather than reactive approach, and it considers a wider range of people who could be affected by the organisation's operation, not just people who are in the building. These people could be contractors, temporary workers, visitors and even other companies functioning in the same location. Besides, a business must determine changes that affect OHSMS.
The action plan must consider risks, opportunities and legal requirements as well as steps to address them.
Goals of OHSMS must be consistent with the health and safety policy and legal requirements. These goals also need to be measurable, communicated among all, and regularly updated.
Actions to achieve the goals must have adequate resources, completion timeline, and accountable staff as well as monitoring and evaluation methods.
Support refers to the competency and awareness criteria needed for the effectiveness of OHSMS, meeting objectives and the necessary documented information.
Required competencies for staff who can affect the performance of OHSMS should be determined and documented. Also, organisations must evaluate the effectiveness of these competencies to ensure that everyone is capable and confident to play his or her role.
Communication requirements must be determined not just for internal parties but also for the external parties as well.
Organisations must exactly specify how they are going to evaluate their OHSMS performance and determine all of the requirements to do so, such as who, where, how often, how, etc.
There must be an internal audit that reports the results to all the interested parties that might be affected by that information. This again shows the importance of communication in this new standard.
Another method of monitoring the OHSMS performance is management review meetings. The standard gives clear instruction about how these meetings should be and what should expect from them in term of input and output. Top management should be fully responsible for these sections.
Organisations should look for the improvement before a nonconformity occurs. They should be willing to take actions before an accident even happens.
When there is a nonconformity, timely investigations and then necessary actions should be in place to correct that or to remove the root cause if possible.
Implemented actions should be evaluated to be sure of their effectiveness.
The evaluation results must be communicated to the related parties.
Organisations should try to improve the health and safety by creating the safety culture, better communications and maintaining records of actions and improvements.
Previously there was a requirement for appointing a management representative that has been removed and replaced by 13 responsibilities for Senior Management.
ISO 45001 includes additional commitments that an organisation needs to demonstrate in its Health and Safety Policy. The new policy has to include preventive measures, eliminating hazards and reducing OH&S risks.
ASNZS 4801 had sections for consultation and communication but ISO 45001 adds some more requirements in order to provide time, training and resources necessary for consultation and participation, also, determine and remove obstacles or barriers to participation and minimise those that cannot be removed.
As part of ISO 45001 organisations are required to determine and assess risks and opportunities related to the establishment, implementation, operation and maintenance of the management system.
The requirements for the identification of hazards have been expanded to take into account elements such as "how work is organised, social factors (including workload, work hours, victimisation, harassment and bullying), leadership and the culture of the organisation." when identifying hazards.
Given that ISO 45001 has a risk-based approach to management systems it is up to the organisation to determine what documented information will be retained to demonstrate compliance. Examples of this include emails, videos, forms, chat messages, software, and photos. When determining what documented information is required you'll need to take into account legal requirements, e.g. SWMS and WHS Management Plans.
A common criticism for AS/NZS 4801 was the lack of specific requirements for extending the health and safety management system to address subcontractors and other parties. ISO 45001 filled this gap by adding a section just for procurement and its related issues.
Previously in AS/NZS 4801 organisations were required to establish procedures to identify and have access to all legal and other requirements that are applicable to the organisation. ISO 45001 requires organisations to evaluate their compliance with legal and other requirements and retain documented information of the evaluation results. For organisations already compliance with ISO 14001:2015 for the environment this is something you've already had to consider.
You can't effectively transition without understanding how your existing management system aligns with the standard. Compliance Council's gap-analysis checklist that is designed based on the key differences between AS/NZS 4801 and ISO 45001 is a great tool for determining where the gaps are and then creating an action plan to address them.
You have the opportunity to refine your processes and integrate them with your quality and environment management systems. Given that the majority of ISO 45001's requirements follow the same high-level structure as ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 it will be a very straightforward project to integrate the processes.
With the changes that occur as part of implementing ISO 45001, it is a good opportunity for your organisation to educate your colleagues at relevant functions and levels in your organisation from Senior Management to your frontline employees. Education doesn't just have to be presentations and other training, it could be through involving your employees in the revision of the health and safety processes so they gain a better understanding of the requirements.
Here at Compliance Council, we specialise in assisting organisations with developing and implementing management systems, which put your business on the path to becoming certified.
Third Party Certification is the process of having your Management System audited by an independent third party. This type of auditing is typically used by Conformity Assessment Bodies (CABs) who are regulated by a government organization known as JAS-ANZ. These CABs can issue registered certificates of compliance to various standards such as ISO 9001, AS 4801, and ISO 14001.
The formal assessment process includes two stages. In stage 1, the auditing body will confirm whether you have met the requirements of your proposed scope and the objectives you have set for yourself. If there is any kind of minor or major nonconformities, you will have some extra effort to put in.
The auditing body will give you some time to address the nonconformities, before beginning stage 2 of the audit. In stage 2, your system will be assessed again to make sure that all nonconformities are corrected.
At this point, if there are no major nonconformities, your certification can be issued; otherwise, you will be given time to correct existing nonconformities before the next visit of the audit and only after removing all the major nonconformities you will be eligible for ISO 45001 certification.
Typically, the certification body will do yearly surveillance of your management system for the first three years after your certification is issued. This way, you will be sure that everything is working the way that you wanted and your OHSMS still meets the ISO 45001 requirements.


Court criticizes plaintiff for continuing to work after accident, saying it was "adverse to her recovery"
 The owner of the European Deli, Ms. Helen Ernst, liked Ms. Borecka, and found her to be a good employee. Ms. Ernest offered Ms. Borecka a part-time job working behind the counter serving customers at a remuneration of $10.45 per hour plus vacation pay. Her rate of pay has not changed.
 The job requires Ms. Borecka to be on her feet during her four-hour shifts, to lean and bend over the deli counter, lift cheese and meat, cut meat in what she described as heavy meat slicers, and on certain shifts, clean the store on closing. Her fellow employees help her with her duties when she feels she cannot cope with her pain.
 Unfortunately, Ms. Borecka has chosen a course of action that is wholly inconsistent with the medical advice that she has received from various treating and expert medical professional…her decision to continue to work at the European Deli…is also preventing her recovery.


Saturday, May 19 at 2:00pm. Bronxland transports readers back in time in this story set in the Bronx in the 1960s, based on author Paul Thaler's own experiences. It is not only the coming-of-age story of a boy in a particular neighborhood – one shared, peripherally, with John F. Kennedy - but of a decade that would change the course of history. Join Professor Paul Thaler of Adelphi University for this resonant view into a time that is gone but that will never be forgotten.


Upcoming Podcast: "The First Lean Dentist"
I'm very excited to announce that I will be recording a LeanBlog Podcast interview with Dr. Sami Bahri, the "First Lean Dentist," on Tuesday July 17. If you have any questions for Dr. Bahri, you can email me at leanpodcast@gmail.com or you can send me a voicemail question by calling 817-776-LEAN (or contacting me via skype ID "mgraban").
Here's a quick Google link to articles about Dr. Bahri.
Dr. Bahri presented at the Shingo Prize conference and has been featured in articles by the Lean Enterprise Institute, American Society for Quality, and the Society for Manufacturing Engineers, among others.
Dean Bliss also wrote a guest blog piece about seeing Dr. Bahri speak.
Here is a recent article from his local Jacksonville newspaper.


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Toronto 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 7 0
Baltimore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 2
W: A. Sanchez (1-1) L: D. O'Day (0-1) S: R. Osuna (5)
4:05 PM PT5:05 PM MT6:05 PM CT7:05 PM ET19:05 ET23:05 GMT7:05 4:05 PM MST6:05 PM EST6:35 PM VEN3:05 UAE (+1)6:05 PM CT, April 10, 2018
Oriole Park at Camden Yards, Baltimore, Maryland Attendance: 8,640
Sanchez loses no-hitter late, Granderson lifts Jays over O's
(AP Photo/Patrick Semansky)
By DAVID GINSBURG
BALTIMORE (AP) Aaron Sanchez's no-hit bid, as well as his shutout, ended in a near-calamitous eighth inning. At that point, he was just hoping to get his first win since last July.
Curtis Granderson made it happen, delivering a tiebreaking homer in the ninth to carry the Toronto Blue Jays past the Baltimore Orioles 2-1 Tuesday night.
Seeking to throw the second no-hitter in Blue Jays history, Sanchez got through seven innings before Tim Beckham led off the eighth with a sharp grounder through the legs of third baseman Josh Donaldson that went for a double.
There was no time to lament what might have been, because the right-hander had a 1-0 lead to protect.
"After I gave up the hit, I was like, whatever," Sanchez said. "It would have been cool if I got to throw a no-hitter, but ... I didn't care about anything else but winning the ball game."
Anthony Santander followed with a single to right, and rookie Chance Sisco hit an RBI double to make it 1-all.
Sanchez avoided further damage by getting Jonathan Schoop to bounce into an inning-ending double play with the bases loaded.
Not long after that, Granderson hit a sidearmed fastball from Darren O'Day (0-1) over the right-field scoreboard. It was his first homer since signing as a free agent with Toronto this past offseason.
And so, after a 2017 season that included four trips to the disabled list, Sanchez (1-1) put a notch in the win column.
"He was dynamite tonight," manager John Gibbons said. "That unbelievable changeup has really opened up a lot of things for him. It was probably one of the most effortless outings I've ever seen him have."
Roberto Osuna got three straight outs for his fifth save. He became the youngest player in major league history (23 years, 62 days) with 100 career saves.
"To do something like this is very special," Osuna said. "I am real proud of myself."
Orioles starter Andrew Cashner pitched seven shutout innings, allowing four hits and three walks. He struck out six.
On almost any other night, that would have been good enough to get the win. But Cashner - making his third start with Baltimore after signing as a free agent in February - had to settle for matching zeroes with Sanchez.
"I knew he was going to be good coming out; he's got one of the best sinkers in baseball," Cashner said. "You just try to match what he's doing and give us a chance to win."
The Blue Jays broke up the scoreless duel in the eighth with an unearned run on a throwing error by Santander on a single to right by Yangervis Solarte.
Toronto's defense helped sustain the no-hitter in the early innings. Right fielder Steve Pearce and center fielder Kevin Pillar made leaping catches on deep fly balls, and second baseman Devon Travis raced into the outfield to snag a fifth-inning blooper by Beckham.
Sanchez was in the running to join Dave Stieb as the only pitchers to throw no-hitters for Toronto. Stieb beat Cleveland on Sept. 2, 1990.
Blue Jays: 1B Kendrys Morales was placed on the 10-day disabled list with a strained right hamstring, an injury he sustained running out a single Monday night. Gibbons expects Morales to spend the minimum amount of time on the DL.
Orioles: DH Mark Trumbo (right quad strain) began his rehabilitative assignment as the starting DH for Double-A Bowie. The timetable for his arrival in Baltimore is: "When he feels like he's ready, we'll bring him," manager Buck Showalter said. ... RHP Alex Cobb remains on course to make his Orioles debut Saturday in Boston. Showalter said the team will "be cautious" about Cobb's pitch count. ... OF Colby Rasmus had an MRI on his left hip as a precaution after his spikes caught and he felt discomfort.
CORTES DFA
The Orioles designated Rule 5 reliever Nestor Cortes for assignment. Selected from the Yankees, the left-hander allowed two grand slams and compiled a 7.71 ERA. He can be claimed by one of 28 other teams and placed on the 25-man roster, or the Yankees can take him back and put him in the minors. Baltimore recalled RHP Yefrey Ramirez, who has yet to pitch in the big leagues.
Blue Jays: RHP Marco Estrada (1-0, 2.77 ERA) pitches in the series finale Wednesday night.
Orioles: Struggling RHP Kevin Gausman (0-1, 8.00) seeks to get on track after two sub-par starts.
More AP baseball: https://apnews.com/tag/MLBbaseball


The Sarsgorilla's house is a state of the art workout compound.
Here we go again, another video game with a big ape in it. Can someone explain to me why the guy who write games are so fascinated with really big apes?
Feeding it pea soup changes its color to green.
Feeding it a bone changes its color to white.
Sarsgorillas dislike eating peanut butter, coconut macaroons, and bones.
If you place a crate in your garden, and mark the baby Bonboon to be packed, it won't cocoon.
This page was last modified on 29 July 2009, at 19:42.


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Tag Archives: Erin Brockovich
DuPont Poisoned 99.7% of Americans With Teflon Chemicals; Erin Brockovich, Filmmakers Fight Back
bureau EnviroNews Headline News
(EnviroNews USA Headline News Desk) — Nothing sticks to Teflon, but it definitely sticks to you — your organs, blood, and tissues, and your body doesn't eliminate it easily — if at all. Documentarians Morgan Spurlock, Stephanie Soechtig, and consumer advocate Erin Brockovich have teamed up to expose this…
Stunning Report: 170m Americans Now Drinking Radioactive Water — See if Your H20 is Affected
(EnviroNews DC News Bureau) — More than 170 million Americans, or around 52 percent of the entire population, may be at risk of radiation exposure through their drinking water, according to the Environmental Working Group (EWG), one of the country's leading water testing organizations. The EWG published its…
True or False: Three Mile Island: America's Worst Nuclear Accident? — Expert Weighs In (and the Answer Might Surprise You) (Pt.7)
by Josh Cunnings
(EnviroNews DC News Bureau) — Editor's Note: The following news piece represents the seventh in a 15-part mini-series titled, Nuclear Power in Our World Today, featuring nuclear authority, engineer and whistleblower Arnie Gundersen. The EnviroNews USA special encompasses a wide span of topics, ranging from Manhattan-era madness to…
Chromium 6, the 'Erin Brockovich Carcinogen,' Now in the Drinking Water of 250m Americans, Report Reveals
(EnviroNews USA Headline News Desk) — Washington D.C. — Hexavalent chromium (chromium 6), nicknamed the "Erin Brockovich Carcinogen," is said to "[cause] cancer when ingested at even extraordinarily low levels." Created as a byproduct from numerous industrial activities, the substance is now in the drinking water of 250…
Are You Cooking With Chloraminated Water? Adding Salt Could Make Chloramine 10,000X More Toxic
bureau EnviroNews California
(EnviroNews California) — Stockton, California — As the festering water crisis in Stockton, California continues to unfurl, legendary groundwater defender and celebrity activist Erin Brockovich arrived on the scene February 1, 2016, to add her voice to the many outraged voices from the community, already calling foul. Traveling…
Erin Brockovich to Concerned Residents in Stockton CA: 'We are all one when it comes to protecting our water'
(EnviroNews California) — Stockton, CA — At a packed and emotionally charged town-hall meeting on Feb 1, 2016, in Stockton, California, celebrated environmental activist and consumer advocate Erin Brockovich addressed a crowd of over 1,200 people concerning the city's festering water crisis. After failing a compliance test for…
Famed Musician Kurt Bestor on Air Pollution: 'I knew I had found my cause'
bureau EnviroNews Utah
(EnviroNews Utah) — Salt Lake City, Utah — Following a hampering string of "Red Air" days, last year's "Clean Air No Excuses" rally constituted the largest air-pollution-specific event in U.S., and possibly world history, according to research conducted at local EnviroNews Utah, and 2015's "Clean Air No Excuses…
Medical Waste Madness — 'The Devil's Work' — Stericycle Plant Whistleblower Tells All (Documentary)
by Heather Murdock
(EnviroNews DC News Bureau) — The Hippocratic Oath is a pledge that over 98% of medical students recite on graduation day. Their sacred pledge: "DO NO HARM." — but little do most of them realize that a downright deadly culprit is undoing and undermining their solemnly sworn Hippocratic…
Largest Air Pollution Rally in U.S. History Goes down on Utah's Capitol Hill
(EnviroNews DC News Bureau via EnviroNews Utah) – Salt Lake City – People are dropping over dead in the streets along the Wasatch Front from Utah's absolutely debilitating and deadly air-pollution crisis. If that sounds a little harsh, it isn't, and as a matter of fact, it is…
Remembering Rocketdyne – Discussing America's Worst Nuclear Meltdown (Not Three Mile Island) With Erin Brockovich
(EnviroNews California) – The infamous accident at Pennsylvania's Three Mile Island power facility is typically the first meltdown that comes to mind when people think about nuclear disasters in America. While journalists and editors at CNN have reported it was the worst nuclear meltdown ever in the United…
California's Top 10 Environmental Disasters Featuring Erin Brockovich
(EnviroNews California) – Los Angeles – While speaking with Erin Brockovich, the topic of the worst environmental disasters in California history came up. The following list of the top 10 man-made environmental disasters that California has experienced contains some disturbing information about what the government and corporations have…
Obama's Natural Gas Whoopin' – Oil CEO Says Pres. is Wrong, Go Green Instead (Editorial)
bureau EnviroNews DCNewsBureau
(EnviroNews DC News Bureau) – EDITORIAL: To begin this brief exposé on natural gas, we're going to take a peek at a couple of snips of President Barack Obama in what looks like little less than a blatant sales pitch for the expansion of natural gas as a…


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Мексика́нский зали́в (, , ) — внутреннее море западной части Атлантического океана. Ограничен с северо-запада, севера и востока побережьем США (штаты Флорида, Алабама, Миссисипи, Луизиана и Техас), на юге и юго-западе — побережьем Мексики (штаты Тамаулипас, Веракрус, Табаско, Кампече, Юкатан), а также островом Кубой. Внешне напоминает овал. Площадь залива — 1543 тыс. км², объём воды — около 2332 тыс. км³. Энергия вод, которые сильно нагреваются в летний период, служит основой для формирования сильных тропических штормов и мощных ураганов, крупнейшие из которых (Катрина, Густав, Иван и др.) практически ежегодно приводят к разрушительным последствиям в прибрежных регионах залива. Имеет важное хозяйственное значение для государств, омываемых им. Является одним из самых тёплых водоёмов в мире.

Мексиканский залив образовался примерно 300 миллионов лет назад в результате тектоники литосферных плит. Поверхность залива по форме напоминает овал шириной около 1,5 тысяч километров. Дно залива составлено из осадочных пород и недавних отложений. Сообщается с Атлантическим океаном через Флоридский пролив между США и Кубой, и с Карибским морем через Юкатанский пролив между Кубой и Мексикой. Мексиканский залив и Карибское море иногда объединяют под названием Американское Средиземное море. Из-за слабой связи с Атлантическим океаном, залив испытывает лишь небольшие приливы и отливы. Площадь залива составляет 1,5—1,6 млн км², около половины составляют континентальные шельфовые воды. Объём воды в заливе оценивается в 2.5 миллиона кубических километров.

Происхождение
В 2002 геолог Майкл Стэнтон в своём эссе высказал альтернативную гипотезу происхождения залива в результате столкновения с крупным метеоритом примерно в конце пермского периода. Однако специалисты по геологии залива не поддержали гипотезу. Повсеместно принятым мнением является то, что залив был образован в результате движения литосферных плит (тектоника плит). Не следует путать недоказанную гипотезу Стэнтона с крупным ударным кратером Чиксулуб диаметром около 180 км на юкатанском побережье залива, вероятно образовавшемся около 65 миллионов лет назад в результате падения 10-км астероида.

История
До начала эпохи Великих географических открытий европейцев берега залива населяли самые разнообразные индейские племена Америки, находившиеся на разных стадиях развития. На юге — в Мексике, на полуострове Юкатан процветали довольно продвинутые в хозяйственном плане рабовладельческие цивилизации майя и ацтеков с крупными городами и развитой инфраструктурой. На Кубе проживали племена караибов и араваков. На северном, прохладном, берегу залива жили племена охотников и собирателей (чокто), находившиеся на стадии родоплеменного/общинного строя. Прибытие европейцев и особенно борьба между европейскими державами за контроль над водами и берегами залива привело к постепенному слому традиционных укладов жизни индейских общин региона. И если испанская (Испанская Мексика, Испанская Флорида) и французская (Французская Луизиана, Новая Франция) колониальные модели в значительной степени позволяла туземцам, африканским рабам и европейцам сосуществовать в рамках единой колониальной империи, отчасти делая уступки в виде пласажа и метисации, то более агрессивная англо-американская модель подчёркивала абсолютное превосходство англосаксонского элемента как единственно возможного. После покупки Луизианы, оккупации Флориды и захвата Техаса в первой половине XIX века, северный берег залива перешёл под юрисдикцию США и претерпел сильное ландшафтное изменение, связанное с развитием городов и бурным ростом населения. Ныне население залива имеет крайне смешанный характер — белые переселенцы самого разнообразного происхождения, каджуны, афроамериканцы, мулаты и метисы (преимущественно мексиканцы и кубинцы).

География
Флоридский пролив соединяет Мексиканский залив с Атлантическим океаном, а Юкатанский пролив с Карибским морем. Благодаря сравнительно небольшой ширине этих проливов, приливные явления выражены слабо. В Мексиканский залив впадает множество рек, включая р. Миссисипи, р. Алабама, р. Пёрл (жемчужная), р. Нуэсес, р. Сан-Антонио.

Восточные, северные и северо-западные берега Мексиканского залива пролегают вдоль штатов Флорида, Алабама, Миссисипи, Луизиана и Техас. Американская часть побережья залива охватывает 2700 км (1680 миль), и в неё поступает вода из 33 крупных рек, которые проходят через 31 штат. Юго-западные и южные берега в заливе лежат вдоль мексиканских штатов Тамаулипас, Веракрус, Табаско, Кампече, Юкатан и северной оконечности Кинтана-Роо. Мексиканская часть побережья залива охватывает 2805 км (1743 мили). В юго-восточной части залив граничит с Кубой. В заливе находятся основные американские, мексиканские и кубинские рыбные промыслы. Внешние окраины широких континентальных шельфов Юкатана и Флориды получают более глубокие, обогащенные питательными веществами воды из глубин в результате апвеллинга, который стимулирует рост планктона в эвфотческой зоне. Это привлекает рыбу, креветок и кальмаров. Речной сток и атмосферные осадки из промышленных прибрежных городов также обеспечивают питательными веществами прибрежную зону.

Тёплое течение Атлантического океана и один из самых сильных океанских течений, Гольфстрим, берёт свое начало в заливе, как продолжение Карибского, Юкатанского и Петлевого течения. Циркуляции также происходит из-за антициклонических круговоротов, которые выделяются Петлевым течением и движутся на запад, где они в конечном итоге рассеиваются, а также постоянным циклонический круговорот в заливе Кампече. Залив Кампече в Мексике представляет собой главную часть Мексиканского залива. Кроме того, береговая линия залива окаймлена многочисленными заливами и небольшими бухтами. Несколько рек впадают в залив, в частности, река Миссисипи и Рио-Гранде в северной части залива, а также Грихальва и Усумасинта в южной части заливе. Земля, которая формирует побережье залива, включая много длинных узких барьерных островов, почти равномерно низменна и характеризуется маршами и болотами, а также участками песчаного пляжа.

Мексиканский залив является отличным примером пассивной окраины. Континентальный шельф достаточно широк в большинстве точек вдоль побережья, особенно на полуострове Флорида и Юкатан. Шельф используется для добычи нефти с помощью морских буровых установок, большинство из которых расположены в западной части залива и в заливе Кампече. Ещё одним важным коммерческим видом деятельности является рыболовство; производится отлов различных видов окуней, меч-рыбы, а также креветок и крабов. Устриц собирают в большом масштабе во многих заливах и узких проливах. Другие важные отрасли промышленности вдоль побережья включают доставку, обработку и хранение нефтехимической продукции, военное применение, производство бумаги и туризм.

Температура теплой воды залива может питать мощные атлантические ураганы, вызывая массовую гибель людей и другие разрушения, как это произошло с ураганом Катрина в 2005 году. В Атлантике ураган будет собирать холодную воду из глубин и уменьшать вероятность того, что последующие ураганы последуют вслед за ним (теплая вода является одним из предварительных условий, необходимых для их формирования). Тем не менее, залив является более мелководным; при прохождении урагана над водой температура может снизиться, но вскоре она поднимется и станет способна поддержать ещё один тропический шторм.

Залив считается сейсмически опасным; однако, легкие толчки регистрировались на протяжении всей истории (обычно 5,0 или менее по шкале Рихтера). Землетрясения могут быть вызваны взаимодействием между нагрузкой отложений на морском дне и корректировкой земной коры.

Гидрография
Береговая линия крайне извилиста, подвержена постоянным изменениям, особенно после сезона ураганов. Берега большей частью пологие, местами сильно заболоченные (болота Эверглейдс). Вдоль берега тянутся песчаные косы, отмели, банки, мелкие и крупные острова (остров Галвестон, Дофин-Айленд и др.). При этом происходит и постепенное обмеление северной части залива вследствие наносной деятельности рек, впадающих с северной стороны (в первую очередь реки Миссисипи). Несмотря на обмеление, площадь зеркала имеет тенденцию к увеличению, в основном за счёт эрозии пляжей и мелких островов (почти исчезнувшие острова Шанделюр) близ Луизианы. В северной части залива имеется множество более мелких заливов, бухт и гаваней (Мобильский залив и др.), а также лагун и лиманов (Пончантрен, Борнь, Морепа в Луизиане).

Фауна

 Дельфины
 Акулы
 Бычья акула (крайне агрессивна и особенно опасна для человека)
 Белая акула (очень опасна для человека)
 Лимонная акула
 Акула-молот
 Скаты

Население
Наиболее крупные города на побережье Мексики: Кампече, Веракрус, Тампико; Кубы: столица Гавана, США: Тампа, Сент-Питерсберг, Пенсакола в штате Флорида, Мобил в штате Алабама, Новый Орлеан в штате Луизиана, Билокси, Галфпорт и Паскагула в штате Миссисипи, Хьюстон, Галвестон и Корпус-Кристи в штате Техас. Во второй половине XX века наблюдается интенсивный рост городов и плотности населения в районе залива. Наиболее динамично развиваются курорты и нефтегазовые центры (Хьюстон).

Хозяйственное значение
На шельфе Мексиканского залива сосредоточены значительные запасы нефти и природного газа; добыча этих полезных ископаемых ведётся в основном с помощью нефтяных платформ/нефтяных вышек. Ведётся интенсивное рыболовство — промышленное (тунец), а также любительское — (акула). В мелких бухтах выращиваются креветки. Имеет важное значение для судоходства; на берегах расположены многие порты США, Мексики и Кубы.

Рекреационный потенциал
Будучи крупнейшим водоёмом юга США, залив традиционно имел важное транспортное значение. В XX веке к нему добавилась и рекреационная роль, когда правительства прибрежных штатов начали вкладывать деньги в развитие местной туристической инфраструктуры для стимулирования роста городов с целью привлечь сюда выходящих на пенсию жителей американского севера. С 1930-х, на побережье залива устремились народные массы с самых разных концов страны. Побережье в настоящее время является излюбленным местом проведения весенних, осенних и летних каникул для жителей всей страны, особенно студентов. Особенно популярны города Панама-Сити, Пенсакола, Дестин в штате Флорида, а также Ориндж-Бич в штате Алабама. Всё побережье залива усеяно разнообразными гостиницами, частными виллами и кондоминиумами. Крупнейшим курортом Мексики является Канкун.

Далеко не всё побережье залива пригодно для полноценного отдыха. Из-за сильной заболоченности, постоянных ураганов и штормов, жаркого и влажного воздуха, низкого качества песка и мутной воды северная часть залива, особенно район устья реки Миссисипи, просто непригодны для отдыха. Тем не менее, семьи с низким социальным статусом и доходами приезжают сюда «дикарями», из-за чего побережье залива получило шутливое название «реднечья ривьера». В более привлекательных регионах (Дестин и др.) на востоке залива туристов подстерегают другие опасности (опасные отливные течения, массовые нашествия ядовитых медуз и скатов, электрические угри, множество видов акул, аллигаторы и морские крокодилы). Из-за акул большинство американцев, отдыхающих у залива, в воду либо не заходят вообще (плавая в бассейнах у гостиниц), либо просто мочат ноги и загорают.

Экология
Северная часть залива, принадлежащая США, имеет крайне неблагоприятную экологическую обстановку. Основная причина загрязнения — злоупотребление мощными химическими удобрениями сельхозпредприятиями США для повышения урожайности сельхозкультур на полях и плантациях севернее залива. Химикаты вымываются дождями и выносятся реками в залив, где, в свою очередь стимулируют рост мелких бурых водорослей, которые в процессе своего массового размножения поглощают весь кислород в окружающей их воде, что приводит к гибели рыбы и других организмов. Другой проблемой является массовое возведение крупных жилых комплексов (кондоминиумов) непосредственно у кромки воды. Пологий, болотистый берег залива не подходит для многоэтажного строительства. Частые ураганы, которые являются природным методом обновления прибрежных регионов, вынуждают строительные фирмы проводить массовые ремонто-строительные работы многоэтажек каждые 2—3 года, что приводит к разрушению экологического баланса в дюнах, свалкам строительного мусора, ухудшению качества песка, эрозии пляжей, исчезновению прибрежных плавней и мангровых лесов, повышению солёности в северной части залива. Более того, сточные воды с кондоминиумов привлекают акул всё ближе к берегу, а повышение солёности приводит к массовому размножению ядовитых медуз, создавая опасность для отдыхающих.

Платформа «Deepwater Horizon»

22 апреля 2010 года после взрыва и 36-часового пожара затонула расположенная в 64 км от берега Луизианы нефтяная платформа Deepwater Horizon компании BP. Нефтяная скважина была повреждена при затоплении, и нефть из неё в течение нескольких месяцев поступала в океан. Через несколько месяцев концентрация нефти в плюме, висевшем в толще воды, значительно снизилась, а на месте бедствия оказалось большое количество микроорганизмов, перерабатывавших нефть.

См. также
 Подводное соляное озеро
 Взрыв нефтяной платформы Deepwater Horizon

Примечания

Литература

 Resource Database for Gulf of Mexico Research

  United States Geological Survey
  written by Thomas Kitchin, 1778, in which Kitchin discusses, in chapter 1, why the Gulf should have been called the «West Indian Sea»

Моря Атлантического океана

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Teen Mania International was an Evangelical Christian youth organization located in Dallas, Texas (formerly Garden Valley, Texas). Teen Mania focused primarily on four key programs, with a few additional smaller endeavors. It was one of the largest Christian youth organizations in the U.S.

Its primary program included "Acquire the Fire" events, described by one writer as "a mix of pep rally, rock concert and church service," that were held in over 30 cities across the United States and Canada each year. The ministry focused much of its energy towards its domestic and overseas mission trips, operated under the title "Global Expeditions".  Teen Mania operated a one-year-long residential leadership training program on its campus, titled the Honor Academy, aimed towards high school graduates, and college students.

The ministry faced criticism for its use of overtly militaristic symbolism, as well as techniques that have been compared as similar to military training. This aggressive element is reflected in the vision statement: "To build an engaged ensemble of young people that are: radical, passionate, resilient, informed revolutionaries that will take the Gospel to the nations and multiply by teaching others to do the same." Teen Mania has also been criticized by some former interns and employees for what they characterize as spiritual abuse and financial mismanagement. In its final years it faced significant financial difficulties, including a foreclosure on their campus, a lawsuit for breach of contract, and over $5.2 million in negative assets.

In February 2014 the ministry changed its name to "Teen Mania International" as part of a move from Garden Valley to Dallas after defaulting on the mortgage on their campus. In May 2014, Teen Mania announced that it would be expanding its work to include overseas churches.

In December 2015, founder Ron Luce announced via Christianity Today that they "would cease operations," effectively shutting down all of its operations.  Teen Mania filed for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy on December 17, 2015, closing the ministry permanently.

Denomination
Teen Mania was not affiliated with a specific denomination; the organization works with local churches of various denominations as a para-church organization, while providing its programs and other resources for youth, parents and church leaders.

Founder

Ron Luce was the president and founder of Teen Mania Ministries. He and his wife Katie founded Teen Mania in Tulsa, Oklahoma in 1986. Luce has publicly condemned "purveyors of popular culture" as "the enemy," who according to Luce are "terrorists, virtue terrorists, that are destroying our kids... they're raping virgin teenage America on the sidewalk, and everybody's walking by and acting like everything's OK. And it's just not OK."

Ron and Katie Luce claimed they did not receive royalties for any product that was sold through the ministry or used for fundraising or other promotional purposes by Teen Mania.

Primary ministries
There were six primary ministries within the organization that served to facilitate its mission.

Acquire the Fire

Acquire the Fire ("ATF") was a yearly youth conference that was presented in over 30 major cities in the United States and Canada. These conferences consisted of Christian teachings, full-length stage dramas, worship via song, and live concerts. In past years, ATF / Battle Cry producers had adopted a militaristic tone, with frequent use of words such as "battle," "enemy," "soldier," "foes" and "warfare," accompanied by the display of military imagery and, at one such event, the use of simulated weapons. These events were mentioned by Ministry Today magazine as one example of the  "crusade model" of evangelism. In an interview in 2014, Ron Luce confirmed, "We're doing everything we can to raise up a young army who will change the world for Christ."

In 2014 and 2015, Acquire the Fire cancelled many events due to financial difficulties attributed to ATF youth music leader & treasurer, Jonathan Bimp, leading to criticism from many church leaders who said they did not receive refunds of the money they had paid.

Global Expeditions

Global Expeditions was a short-term missionary ministry. Young people were sent between 1 and 8 weeks on missions projects in the United States and overseas. To date Global Expeditions reported having sent 67,783 missionaries on the field to 69 countries and has documented 1,324,637 reported decisions for Christ.

Honor Academy

The Honor Academy was an internship program for high school graduates and college students.  Honor Academy interns performed most of the day-to-day functions of the different ministry programs through ministry placements. Teen Mania reports there are over 5,000 graduates of the Honor Academy.  In order to participate in the Honor Academy, individuals were required to raise their own financial support, which ranged from $650 to $850 per month depending on the specific program.  These funds were a tax-deductible contribution directly to the ministry and were non-refundable.

During the mid-2000s, the Honor Academy had nearly 1,000 participants per year, resulting in seven-figure profits for Teen Mania. However, enrollment numbers declined to fewer than 100 as of 2014. In 2014, following the foreclosure on the Garden Valley campus, Ron Luce announced that the program would be rebranded in Dallas as the Acquire the Fire Leadership Institute. It was later announced in July 2014 that the new internship would be suspended for the 2014-2015 academic year, with second-year interns participating in a scaled-down road tour called Go Teams. Teen Mania said that prospective students in the cancelled program would be refunded on their payments toward the $8,400 tuition, although some parents complained of the short notice. The proposed new program never took place as Teen Mania filed for bankruptcy in 2015.

Extreme Camps

Extreme Camps was an annual series of summer camps that was held at the campus in Garden Valley, Texas. Activities included paint ball, ropes courses, swimming, and extreme sports with presentations from Christian speakers and musicians.

School of Worship

The School of Worship was a second-year program for Honor Academy graduates focusing on technical skills and spiritual leadership for musicians.

Battle Cry Campaign

The Battle Cry Campaign which ended in 2007, was an organizing initiative of Teen Mania Ministries, started in 2005 and headed by Teen Mania founder Ron Luce; it primarily sought to influence American and Canadian social and political culture.  Major backers include prominent evangelical leaders Joyce Meyer, Chuck Colson, Pat Robertson, Josh McDowell, and Jack Hayford.

The campus
In 1996 Teen Mania relocated from Tulsa, Oklahoma to Garden Valley, Texas, purchasing the property that was formerly the location of Keith Green's Last Days Ministries.  Garden Valley is now home to 5 other major Christian ministries.

In February 2014, Ron Luce announced that the Garden Valley property had been released to its mortgage holder and the ministry headquarters were to be moved to Dallas, saying, "the reality of land management is no longer practical or germane to the international scope of the organization. " Teen Mania's Communications Director later told reporters that the Honor Academy had in fact stopped their mortgage payments in November 2013 leading to default and foreclosure, but that Luce hid "the full nature of the situation" to raise donations. Luce has denied these reports, saying the ministry has only missed one payment, in November 2013. He described the foreclosure as "friendly", and said that after the transfer of property in March Teen Mania would continue to pay rent until it relocated in August 2014.

Canada
Teen Mania also had a separate Canadian division titled Teen Mania-Canada located in Prince Edward County, Ontario.

Memberships and Coalition activities

Teen Mania Ministries participated in a number of coalitions or networks, both formal and informal.
 Battle Cry Coalition. Teen Mania's own coalition included prominent Christian Right leaders Jerry Falwell, Pat Robertson, Ted Haggard, Chuck Colson, and Joyce Meyer, and other personalities such as Jack Hayford, Kay Arthur, Jack Graham, Greg Laurie, Josh McDowell, Tommy Barnett, Bob Reccord, Kirk Franklin and John Maxwell. Coalition members participate in Teen Mania's events and programs and also assisted in promotion of the Battle Cry Campaign.
 The Arlington Group. Teen Mania is a member of the Arlington Group, a coalition which unites the leaders of almost all of the most prominent Christian Right organizations in the United States. Arlington Group members have prominently appeared in Battle Cry materials and events, including Battle Cry Coalition member Pat Robertson and former members Jerry Falwell and Ted Haggard. While campaigning for a U.S. Senate seat, group member Keith Butler delivered the opening invocation at the Battle Cry stadium event in Detroit on April 8, 2006. One of the first "Battle Cry Leadership Summits" was held at the church headed by Arlington Group member Harry Jackson in November, 2005. Ron Luce has spoken before at least two political conferences organized by Arlington Group members in 2006: Vision America's "War on Christians" conference, and Family Research Council Action's "Values Voters Summit".
 National Network of Youth Ministries. Teen Mania is a member of the Cooperating Ministries of the National Network of Youth Ministries. Other prominent members of this network include Assemblies of God, Campus Crusade for Christ, Church of the Nazarene, Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Focus on the Family, The Salvation Army, Young Life and Youth With A Mission.
 GOD TV. Teen Mania's television program, "atf.tv," and exclusive live broadcasts of Acquire the Fire events are featured on GOD TV, an international Christian television broadcaster. This channel is available in the United States on the DirecTV satellite system. The U.S. version of this channel features a number of personalities and programs connected with the Apostolic-Prophetic Movement of Christianity, including Rick Joyner, Cindy Jacobs, Mike Bickle, Rodney Howard-Browne, Steve Hill, Francis Frangipane, Patricia King, and the "Elijah List" program hosted by Steve Shultz.
 Other supporters. In presentations of the Campaign to churches and ministry groups, a number of additional individuals and organizations have been named as supporters, including: Senator Sam Brownback, Senator Rick Santorum, Sean Hannity, Benny Hinn, Gary Bauer, Hank Hanegraaff, Dennis Rainey, American Family Association, Trinity Broadcasting Network, Family Research Council and the Traditional Values Coalition.

Finances
Teen Mania was a member of the ECFA (Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability) until March 10, 2014, when their accreditation was terminated "for failure to provide complete renewal information." The organization said it planned to submit documentation supporting a renewal of accreditation by September 2014.

In 2014 Charity Navigator gave Teen Mania a two out of four star rating, with an overall score of 48.05 points out of 70, a financial score of 38.97 / 70, and an accountability & reliability score of 70/70. Charity Navigator listed Teen Mania as the third-most insolvent charity in the United States, with over $5.2 million in negative working capital. Teen Mania said it has reorganized its finances, and has appealed the ranking. In 2015, the rating was revised to one out of four stars, with an overall score of 66.39 / 100.

World Magazine interviewed several former staff and board members who expressed concerns about Teen Mania's use of funds, citing such problems as the default and foreclosure on the Garden Valley campus, high debt load, "reckless spending," and an "unusual transaction" in which millions of dollars of Teen Mania's debt were funneled into His Work Ministries, a nonprofit owned by Ron Luce. Many of them reportedly resigned in protest. An independent audit in 2011 said, "A discerning donor will quickly see TMM is technically bankrupt—this is a matter that demands an explanation." In response, Teen Mania Ministries stated, "The World article "Management Mania," which appeared in the May 3 edition of the magazine, included several false statements and misperceptions regarding the current state of Teen Mania Ministries." World responded that "Luce has declined to identify any specific error in WORLD's article," and published an audit document from Calvin Edwards & Co. to substantiate their report. Edwards confirmed that the report was authentic and said "it was met with strong opposition from Ron Luce, who sought to maintain the status quo."

In July 2014, WORLD reported that Teen Mania had outsourced its finance department to the Nashville firm Entertainment Financial Services, Inc.

Following criticism from many church leaders who had not received refunds for canceled Acquire The Fire Events, Teen Mania's former director of international operations was quoted as saying, "They're now at a point where they can't pay back people."

On December 17, 2015, Teen Mania filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in Tulsa. The bankruptcy filing disclosed that the ministry had "total assets of $528,874 and total liabilities of $2,124,874." News reports cited Teen Mania's IRS 990 forms that listed "fiscal 2012 revenue of $13.8 million, expenses of $14.8 million and assets of negative $5.2 million." Former employees described "irresponsible spending" as the cause of Teen Mania's financial collapse.

Controversy and criticism

Cult accusations

Based on Teen Mania's doctrines and behavior, some Christian mental health professionals have labeled it a cult. In an MSNBC documentary, counselors Doug and Wendy Duncan identified all of Robert Jay Lifton's "Eight Criteria for Thought Reform" in the Honor Academy program, as described in personal accounts and video footage from several alumni and former staff spanning the past twelve years. The documentary won an investigative reporting award from the CINE organization.

A blog published by a former intern, entitled "Recovering Alumni," has raised concerns about recurring spiritual abuse and health and safety issues at the Honor Academy, publishing firsthand accounts from many other interns alleging mistreatment over the past 15 years to the present. In an interview in the Tyler Morning Telegraph, the blog's author claimed, based on an email list, that about 200 Honor Academy alumni consider themselves "recovering."

The cult accusations were challenged by Christian countercult apologist Hank Hanegraaff, who questioned the validity of the Duncans' use of Lifton's Eight Criteria for Thought Reform, stating that "the arguments proffered against TMM could just as easily be used to establish historic Christianity as a thought reform cult. Equally significant is the fact that cult mind control as a sociological model has been utterly discredited." However, Hanegraaff's assertion contradicts current scholarship such as Kathleen Taylor's book Brainwashing: The Science Of Thought Control (Oxford University Press, 2004), which gives credit to mind control as a sociological and psychological model and distinguishes it from religious faith.

In a conference call in February 2014, Ron Luce admitted that "most Recovering Alumni content is true" and said that the ministry had made some changes because of it.

ESOAL renamed to PEARL
In September 2010, local Texas news station KLTV reported a three-part story on the Honor Academy's optional "ESOAL" retreat (an acronym for the "Emotionally Stretching Opportunity of a Lifetime"). The yearly 48- to 90-hour event would test participants with extreme exercise, sleep deprivation, unpleasant food and other military training techniques in order to "stretch" participants "emotionally and physically." Some interns who participated in the event describe it as abusive and authoritarian, questioning the spiritual value of activities like rolling down a hill repeatedly. Injuries including cuts, bruises, infections, sprains, dislocations, and exposure were reported by an area doctor, raising concerns about the event's safety.

In response to the KLTV news story, Teen Mania leadership promised to form an independent committee to investigate the charges of safety violations. The committee presented their report to the Honor Academy Administration on June 13, 2011. In a video announcement from his blog, David Hasz, the director of the Honor Academy, explained that ESOAL had "changed dramatically and metamorphosized(sic) over the years" and would now be called PEARL (an acronym for Physical, Emotional, and Relational Learning). Hasz said that the revamped event will be "similar to the last several years," but the military rank names that previously were used have been replaced with team-building names.

According to Honor Academy director David Hasz, "PEARL is not designed to be 'the event' that will spiritually change [participants] forever," and is "a small part of the Honor Academy."

Doug Duncan described the renaming of ESOAL to PEARL as "a bit of a whitewash," believing that the central idea of the event is still about thought reform. The Tyler Morning Telegraph reported that each participant of the 2011 PEARL was required to visit an on-site clinic after completion of the event. Of the 272 participants, 42 were said to have physical concerns "such as feeling faint, sprained ankles or knees, or potential breathing issues."

As of July 13, 2012, Teen Mania Ministries have since suspended ESOAL/PEARL, indefinitely. In a statement, Hasz maintained that "those lessons learned through ESOAL and PEARL will still be taught" at Honor Academy. The intern who founded the Recovering Alumni website says she considers this "a small victory" but remains "concerned about the Teen Mania environment as a whole."

Battle Cry Campaign

Teen Mania's Battle Cry Campaign was criticized by mainstream media for its use of military metaphors and imagery, politicizing faith and cultural issues, and using statistics some believe are "greatly exaggerated."

Lawsuits

Teen Mania was sued by Compassion International in November 2014, seeking $174,124.73 in damages for breach of contract related to canceled Acquire The Fire events.  On September 9, 2015, the 4th Judicial District Court in Colorado Springs issued an arrest warrant for Ron Luce for failure to appear at a hearing regarding this lawsuit.

See also
 Battle Cry Campaign
 Ron Luce

References

External links

Teen Mania Financial Profile from the Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability
Teen Mania Rating by Charity Navigator

Evangelical parachurch organizations
Christian organizations established in 1986
Christian organizations established in the 20th century
Christian youth organizations
Unaccredited Christian universities and colleges in the United States
Evangelicalism in the United States
1986 establishments in Texas
Youth organizations based in Texas


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On this date: Little League Park dedicated.
This year's theme, "Gardenscapes as seen through the eyes of our youth," recognizes the efforts of the sculpture students from the metal trades class at the Genesee Valley Educational Partnership. The items will be auctioned off on June 2, benefiting the Clara Barton Chapter of the American Red Cross.
Held at the library, the book sale starts Monday and runs from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. every day through Friday, then noon to 4 p.m. on Saturday.
The carnival opens in Babcock Park at 6 p.m. Thursday and runs Friday and Saturday.
Paul Hoffman will discuss the experience of climbing Mt. Kilimanjaro in February for the American Cancer Society: Dansville library 7 p.m. Thursday.
33rd annual craft show and flea market will run from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. at Church Park, located off Clara Barton Street.
The newest collectable (D&M Depot) will be available at the DAHS booth in the park and at the museum (open 10:00 – 4:00).
A 5k held by the American Legion Post 87 is scheduled for 9 a.m., starting at 34 Elizabeth St.
The parade starts at 5 p.m from South Main Street.