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CSIRO Land and Water
Climatology, meteorology, atmosphere (13)
Biota (12)
Imagery base maps earth cover (2)
Environmental Monitoring (20)
Point Resolution (18)
air temperature (17)
SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT (14)
PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION (13)
PRECIPITATION AMOUNT (13)
relative humidity (13)
Terrestrial Ecology (13)
surface upwelling shortwave flux in air (12)
thickness of rainfall amount (12)
water evapotranspiration flux (12)
water vapor partial pressure in air (12)
James Cook University (2)
TERN Surveillance Monitoring (2)
School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania (2)
Actual Evapotranspiration for Australia using CMRSET algorithm

This dataset provides accurate, high-resolution (30 m) / high-frequency (monthly) / continuous (no gaps due to cloud) actual evapotranspiration (AET) for Australia using the CMRSET algorithm. The CMRSET algorithm uses reflective remotely sensed indices to estimate AET from potential evapotranspiration (PET; calculated using daily gridded meteorological data generated by the Bureau of Meteorology). Blending high-resolution / low-frequency AET estimates (e.g., Landsat and Sentinel-2) with low-resolution / high-frequency AET estimates (e.g., MODIS and VIIRS) results in AET data that are high-resolution / high-frequency / continuous (no gaps due to cloud) and accurate. These are all ideal characteristics when calculating the water balance for a wetland, paddock, river reach, irrigation area, landscape or catchment.

 Accurate AET information is important for irrigation, food security and environmental management. Like many other parts of the world, water availability in Australia is limited and AET is the largest consumptive component of the water balance. In Australia 70% of available water is used for crop and pasture irrigation and better monitoring will support improved water use efficiency in this sector, with any water savings available as environmental flows. Additionally, ground-water dependent ecosystems (GDE) occupy a small area yet are "biodiversity hotspots", and knowing their water needs allows for enhanced management of these critical areas in the landscape. Having high-resolution, frequent and accurate AET estimates for all of Australia means this AET data source can be used to model the water balance for any catchment / groundwater system in Australia.

 Details of the CMRSET algorithm and its independent validation are provided in Guerschman, J.P., McVicar, T.R., Vleeshouwer, J., Van Niel, T.G., Peña-Arancibia, J.L. and Chen, Y. (2022) Estimating actual evapotranspiration at field-to-continent scales by calibrating the CMRSET algorithm with MODIS, VIIRS, Landsat and Sentinel-2 data. Journal of Hydrology. 605, 127318, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127318

 We strongly recommend users to use the TERN CMRSET AET V2.2. Details of the TERN CMRSET AET V2.2 data product generation are provided in McVicar, T.R., Vleeshouwer, J., Van Niel, T.G., Guerschman, J.P., Peña-Arancibia, J.L. and Stenson, M.P. (2022) Generating a multi-decade gap-free high-resolution monthly actual evapotranspiration dataset for Australia using Landsat, MODIS and VIIRS data in the Google Earth Engine platform: Development and use cases. Journal of Hydrology (In Preparation).
Great Western Woodlands Flux Data Release 2022_v2
This data release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer in semi-arid eucalypt woodland using eddy covariance techniques. It been processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.7) as described in Isaac et al. (2017), https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017. PyFluxPro takes data recorded at the flux tower and process this data to a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER). For more information about the processing levels, see https://github.com/OzFlux/PyFluxPro/wiki.

 The Great Western Woodlands (GWW) comprise a 16 million hectare mosaic of temperate woodland, shrubland and mallee vegetation in south-west Western Australia. The region has remained relatively intact since European settlement, owing to the variable rainfall and lack of readily accessible groundwater. The woodland component is globally unique in that nowhere else do woodlands occur at as little as 220 mm mean annual rainfall. Further, other temperate woodlands around the world have typically become highly fragmented and degraded through agricultural use. The Great Western Woodlands Site was established in 2012 in the Credo Conservation Reserve. The site is in semi-arid woodland and was operated as a pastoral lease from 1907 to 2007. The core 1 ha plot is characterised by Eucalyptus salmonophloia (salmon gum), with Eucalyptus salubris and Eucalyptus clelandii dominating other research plots. The flux station is located in Salmon gum woodland. For additional site information, see https://www.tern.org.au/tern-observatory/tern-ecosystem-processes/great-western-woodlands-supersite/ .

Great Western Woodlands Flux Data Collection
This dataset consists of measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer in temperate eucalypt woodland using eddy covariance techniques.

 The Great Western Woodlands (GWW) comprise a 16 million hectare mosaic of temperate woodland, shrubland and mallee vegetation in south-west Western Australia. The region has remained relatively intact since European settlement, owing to the variable rainfall and lack of readily accessible groundwater. The woodland component is globally unique in that nowhere else do woodlands occur at as little as 220 mm mean annual rainfall. Further, other temperate woodlands around the world have typically become highly fragmented and degraded through agricultural use. The Great Western Woodlands Site was established in 2012 in the Credo Conservation Reserve. The site is in semi-arid woodland and was operated as a pastoral lease from 1907 to 2007. The core 1 ha plot is characterised by Eucalyptus salmonophloia (salmon gum), with Eucalyptus salubris and Eucalyptus clelandii dominating other research plots. The flux station is located in Salmon gum woodland. For additional site information, see https://www.tern.org.au/tern-observatory/tern-ecosystem-processes/great-western-woodlands-supersite/ .

This data is also available at http://data.ozflux.org.au .
Australian Individual Tree Biomass Library- v4
This data set is a compilation of individual tree and shrub above-ground biomass (dry weight), stem diameter, height, and associated auxiliary information about the sites from which the trees or shrubs were sampled. The data were derived from numerous different projects over the last 5 decades. However, the project under which support was given to collate these datasets was Australia's Department of the Environments Methodology Development Program's Complex Wood System Project (MDP-CWS). The objective of the MDP-CWS project was to develop tools and information to underpin increased land manager participation in the domestic carbon market; the Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF). However, the intention is that this database will be expanded over time and have much greater use than just supporting carbon accounting methodologies. See publication for details: "Keryn I. Paul, John Larmour, Alison Specht, Ayalsew Zerihun, Peter Ritson, Stephen H. Roxburgh, Stan Sochacki, Tom Lewis, Craig V.M. Barton, Jacqueline R. England, Michael Battaglia, Anthony O'Grady, Elizabeth Pinkard, Grahame Applegate, Justin Jonson, Kim Brooksbank, Rob Sudmeyer, Dan Wildy, Kelvin D. Montagu, Matt Bradford, Don Butler, Trevor Hobbs, Testing the generality of below-ground biomass allometry across plant functional types, Forest Ecology and Management. 432: 102-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.043. Paul, K.I., Larmour, J., Specht, A., Zerihun, A., Ritson, P., Roxburgh, S.H., Sochacki, S., Lewis, T., Barton, C.V.M., England, J.R., Battaglia, M., O'Grady, A., Pinkard, E., Applegate, G., Jonson, J., Brooksbank, K., Sudmeyer, R., Wildy, D., Montagu, K.D., Bradford, M., Butler, D., Hobbs, T., 2019. Testing the generality of below-ground biomass allometry across plant functional types. Forest Ecology and Management 432, 102–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.043
Robson Creek Rainforest Vegetation Species List Data, 2012
This data contains a list of all vascular plants surveyed in the Robson Creek Rainforest site in 2012.
Robson Creek Rainforest Vegetation Structure Data, 2014
This data contains a once-off general structural description according to the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) levels 5 and 6 for the core 1 hectare plot in the Robson Creek Rainforest site in 2014. Dominant growth form, cover, height and species (up to 5 species in order of dominance) for up to 3 sub-stratum per traditional strata (Ground, Mid and Upper).


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Q: Java multithreaded server socket I tried to create a multithread server socket. It can either send a string for available file or a file as a stream.
The problem is the else block, which sends requested file as a stream, works once. Where is the problem in my code and why it replies just once?
public class ServerThread extends Thread {

Socket socket = null;

public ServerThread(Socket socket) {
    this.socket = socket;
}

public void run() {
    try {
        String message = null;
        PrintStream ps = null;
        String string = null;
        File file = null;

        BufferedReader bufferedreader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
        ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());

        while ((message = bufferedreader.readLine()) != null) {

            if (message.equals("list")) {
                ps.println(Arrays.toString(getServerFiles()));

            } else {
                message = "FilesServer\\" + message;
                file = new File(message);

                //JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, message);
                if (file.exists()) {
                    BufferedInputStream bfInStream =
                            new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(message));
                    BufferedOutputStream bufOutStream =
                            new BufferedOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());

                    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                    int read = 0;

                    while ((read = bfInStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                        bufOutStream.write(buffer, 0, read);
                        bufOutStream.flush();
                    }
                    bufOutStream.close();
                    System.out.println("File transfered");
                }
            }
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        //JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, e.getMessage());
    }
}

private static String[] getServerFiles() {
    String result[];
    File folder = new File("FilesServer\\");
    File[] listOfFiles = folder.listFiles();

    result = new String[listOfFiles.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < listOfFiles.length; i++) {
        if (listOfFiles[i].isFile()) {
            result[i] = listOfFiles[i].getName();
        }
    }
    return result;
}

}
Above class is called from this class:
public class Server {

private int defaultPort = 8088;

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    new Server().InitServer();
}

private void InitServer() throws IOException{
    ServerSocket serversocket = new ServerSocket(8081);

    while(true){
        Socket socket = serversocket.accept();
        new ServerThread(socket).start();
    }
}

}

A: For server applications, you should use ServerSocket. ServerSocket must create new Socket each time new client requested a file (via accept() method). Then you send bytes into newly created socket and can safely close it.

A: Do not open and close the BufferedOutputStream bufOutStream. instead write directly to ps and close this after the while-loop.
closing bufOutStream closes the socket as MadProgrammer already mentioned.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Helps homeowners conserve water and reduce water bills. Measures 22"W x 16" x 32"H. Features removable debris screen. Built-in 4 foot hose with thumb valve stores neatly in slot at top of the barrel. Made of durable, UV-stable polyethylene. Link two or more together in seconds. A foolproof linking kit is included with every barrel, so you can add capacity as your garden expands.
Link two or more together in seconds.


On Guam, we are fortunate to have dedicated teachers, administrators, staff and school board members who work hard to deliver in spite of perennial challenges that stem from insufficient funding, financial mismanagement, political biases, and federal bureaucracy. I am equally proud of our vigilant citizens who always remind us that it is our constitutional duty to fully fund our island schools.
In the near future, I am optimistic to see a newly rebuilt Simon Sanchez High School, well-maintained public school facilities, adequate oversight for charter schools, locally customized curricula designed to prepare our students for employment in the region, adoption of tech courses like financial literacy and coding in secondary schools, improvements to education quality by providing infrastructure and access to information and community technology (ICT), community recognition of outstanding education workers, and targeted legislation for robust funding of programs aimed to help our students and teachers at all levels.


I Cleaned The Backyard But She Still Isn't Happy!
You dug through the closet, found some old overalls, and headed outside to do some cleaning up around the house. In your mind you are thinking how happy the wife will be. "Oh she will love this!", right?
Before you know it, you are greeted by the wife with a bunch of questions. 'Why did you put the old planters pots over there?" or even worse, she doesn't even notice what you did and instead she continues on with her regular routine.
I hear scenerios like this often in therapy. We express love to our partner only to end up being rejected or ignored or unnoticed.
One of the most successful tools I have used with couples that I work with is the 5 Love Languages. Knowing what your partners love language is, is crucial to emotional connection.
It is YOUR JOB to know your partners love language, and to speak it! If their love language is Acts of Service, then it's your job as their partner to speak their language.
Once couples understand this philosophy (and I have really simplied it for this very short blog!) they then can grow closer together, speaking a love language that their partner actually understands.
You know how it goes. Right in the middle of a heated argument your partner turns around and walks away. Up to the bedroom or off to the couch. You just know this is the beginning of a day long silent treatment. Or two days. This is called Stonewalling. According to Gottman, stonewalling is when one person totally shuts down and closes him/herself off, resulting in zero responsiveness and zero communication. The interaction just... stops. The big problem about Stonewalling is that it can easily become a habit!
So, are you guilty of Stonewalling? Maybe you recognize it in your partner? Stonewalling, also known as imploding, can destroy your relationship. Avoid it! Reach out to me to learn the techniques on what YOU can do to avoid a stonewalling relationship, whether you are the guilty partner or not!
A 'Must Do' For All Marriages!
This one simple thing that you can do with your partner each week could save your marriage! It's easy, only takes a few minutes and can protect your marriage. Not married yet? Perfect! Start today!
It's called Couples Connect. Or the Marriage Meeting. Or Lovers Lane. It's up to you to come up with a better name than me!
It's a weekly meeting that the two of you have. It's a set date and time, say Wednesdays at 8pm. It can be done at the kitchen table, on the couch, laying in bed, it doesn't really matter. Heck, even outside on the deck would work. It can last a few minutes, but I would plan on half an hour. Add a bowl of fruit to it, or tea....or wine, and you will be all set.
That's it. 3 parts. Review, Plan and Resolve. Do this every single week and you will avoid the many pitfalls that happens to couples. Do you have experience having these weekly couples meetings? I would love to hear how it helped you. Comment below!


text:
Hans von Kaltenborn-Stachau
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Find sources: "Hans von Kaltenborn-Stachau" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Hans Karl Georg von Kaltenborn-Stachau (23 March 1836, in Magdeburg – 16 February 1898, in Braunschweig) was a Prussian General of the Infantry and Minister of War.
He belonged to the aristocratic Kaltenborn-Stachau family, and was raised in the cadet corps, before joining the 27th Infantry Regiment as a Second Lieutenant in 1854. From 1857 to 1860 he attended the Allgemeine Kriegsschule (the "General War College", which later became the Prussian Military Academy) and in 1861 was assigned for 3 years to the Topographical Department of the Great General Staff.
Kaltenborn-Stachau participated in the Second Schleswig War in 1864 and in December was transferred to the general staff of the VI Army Corps. In this position he served in the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, after being promoted to Captain in 1865. In 1868 he became a company commander in the 94th Regiment, and in 1869 a general staff officer in the VII Army Corps.
After being promoted to Major, he then served in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870-71. In 1874 he became commander of a battalion in the Grenadierregiment Nr. 2, and was made a Colonel in 1878. After commanding the 53rd Infantry Regiment, he took over the Kaiser-Alexander-Gardegrenadierregiment, and in 1884 became Chief of Staff of the Guards Corps, and a Major General. In November 1885 he became commander of the 2nd Guards Infantry Brigade and in January 1888 was given command of the 3rd Division. In July of that year he was made commander of the 2nd Guards Infantry Division and was simultaneously promoted to Lieutenant General.
His appointment as Prussian Minister of War occurred on 4 October 1890. In 1893, under his leadership a plan was enacted whereby the army was expanded by 70,000 men, and the length of service was increased to two years. Kaltenborn-Stachau resigned from his office on 12 October 1893.
Political offices
Julius von Verdy du Vernois Prussian Minister of War
Walther Bronsart von Schellendorff
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hans_von_Kaltenborn-Stachau&oldid=717361391"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


One of the most requested scores from film music fans around the world in recent years has proved to be John Barry's soundtrack for the 11th James Bond film, Moonraker (1979) (1979). Tadlow Music now aims to raise 25,000 GBP in order to produce a new recording of the soundtrack.
Over the past 20 years Tadlow Music has produced many new recordings from the music of John Barry, including The Lion in Winter, Raise the Titanic, Zulu, The Last Valley and more recently Mister Moses and The Betsy. Now they need YOUR help to realize the dreams of film music fans by creating a new recording of John Barry's score for the outer space 007 adventure Moonraker. THIS is your chance to get such a recording achieved AND your chance to become a soundtrack producer (with your pledge).
The music in Moonraker is one of the finest examples of Barry's more mature approach to Bond, putting a heavy emphasis on symphonic adventure scoring as opposed to the more rebellious, guitar-based sound of earlier films like Goldfinger - some would argue this score IS the turning point in his 007 legacy. But apart from its historical importance, there are numerous other reasons why fans have been requesting this score for a re-recording.
"The original master tapes are reportedly lost. While most of Barry's Bond scores recorded in London were properly archived, Moonraker was recorded in Paris due to contractual obligations. The original master tapes were absent during the 2003 re-release of the 007 soundtracks, making a future expansion highly unlikely.
The soundtrack album released in 1979 had a 30-minute program and was missing key moments from the score. The album was, and still is, the only official James Bond soundtrack that didn't feature a single second of the famous "James Bond Theme"! Although the film had at least two major set pieces scored with the theme ("Freefall" and the "Bondola Chase"), none of these moments were selected for the official LP.
Apart from the two major sequences utilizing the Bond theme, there are over ten minutes of other chilling moments missing from the soundtrack, including the iconic gunbarrel sequence, the pre-titles hijacking of the Moonraker shuttle, Bond's arrival to Chateau Drax, all the action and suspense music in Venice and of course the music for the tense race to shoot down Drax's destructive globes.
The recording of the original CD suffers in quality when compared with Barry's other 007 scores recorded in London. Due to the contractual obligations mentioned above, Moonraker was recorded in Studios Davout whose acoustics are noticeably worse than CTS Wembley where Barry recorded his other Bond score."
CD cover for the original motion picture soundtrack for Moonraker. © 2003 EMI. All rights reserved.


When I was about to turn 50, I told my husband, 'I think I'm going to let you buy me a sapphire.' It was one of the ridiculous pronouncements I tend to make about sapphires, as I have written here. But I did have a birthday coming up, and we were at a gem show, visiting our favorite wholesaler of colored stones. An astonishing 3-carat sapphire caught my eye and held it.
What was astonishing was its color, a velvety royal blue that seemed infinitely deep. I thought I could look at that blue forever. Sapphires come in all colors, including blues that range from light to dark. This blue, somewhere in the middle, was alive.
Our dealer, Marv Thon, told us the sapphire was of the highest quality: mined in Ceylon and not heat-treated. Most sapphires, it turns out, are heated to enhance their color—and by 'heated', I mean cooked, fired in a furnace, sometimes almost to the melting point. This affects value, so a dealer must tell you if a stone has been heated and, ideally, provide a certificate from a reputable gem lab.
But I'm getting ahead of myself. The ring above is not the first setting of this stone, nor the second, nor even the third. This sapphire got the better of me. Never before or since have I made so many attempts to create a ring without actually knowing what I wanted.
I don't have photos of the previous settings because I didn't have an iPhone back then. But I found some images that tell the story. The first ring, made by Marv, was perfectly lovely, with the sapphire flanked by brilliant-cut diamonds, something like the setting at left. I wore it happily for a year. Looking at that watery blue stone got me through many a work day—especially during long meetings when I had to pretend I wasn't bored. But then I decided I wanted a halo setting, with the sapphire surrounded by small diamonds.
I am not normally a halo kind of girl. These settings are egregiously blingy, which makes them harder to wear while riding the subway or cleaning the cat box. Nevertheless, I commissioned a halo ring from a jeweler who had a factory in India. It looked something like the one at right, though mine didn't have diamonds along the sides of the band. However. In a halo setting, the stone is raised high above the finger, and I hadn't thought about how it might look from the side.
My sapphire is deep and irregularly shaped; the cutter apparently wanted to preserve every bit of that gorgeous blue. The new setting exposed the stone's strangely scrawny bottom—like the photo at right, but much more so. The sapphire looked—how do I say this?—undressed.
But I was still married to the idea of that halo setting, believing that diamonds would throw more light into the sapphire. People, diamonds do not 'throw light' into a colored stone. If anything, they distract from it.
I'm embarrassed to admit this, but I actually went to a third jeweler, this one on Park Avenue, and commissioned another halo setting, in platinum. This one sat lower on the finger and was everything I wanted it to be, which, at that price, it damn well should have been. Several years had now elapsed since the original purchase of the sapphire. I had a beautiful ring—which was far too formal and fussy for the likes of me. It sat in my jewelry box.
I thought I would give it one last try. I asked my jeweler friend Michele Berman to make me a setting based on one I saw at Reinstein-Ross. This turned out to be a tricky project, because Mica had to build a platform for the stone to sit on, and because, well, she's a perfectionist. But she did me proud, as she always does.
As you can see from the side views above, the sapphire still sits high on the finger, but the proportions are better. The stone's little blue backside is no longer exposed. I think the gold makes an excellent foil for the cornflower blue of this sapphire. Below, another example of this color pairing, in earrings by Nan Irwin.
I've said that heat-treating affects the value of sapphires. In many cases, it makes a large difference in the price. Sapphires of all colors may be treated with what's called lattice diffusion, meaning they're cooked at high temperatures with the element beryllium. This radically, permanently changes their color, making dark-blue sapphires lighter, or turning pale brown stones a vivid yellow. Pale pink sapphires can be diffused to give them the coveted pink/orange hue called padparadscha, below.
But some heat treatments are gentler. When we bought my sapphire, Marv had a second stone that was just as beautiful but had been slightly heated. It was less expensive than my untreated stone but still of high quality. My husband bought it and had it set in a ring which he even wears sometimes, below.
As for me, I am well past 50 and no longer make myself crazy with sapphires. But I guess there's still time.


Planting Pansies and Bulbs the Easy Way. – Johntheplantman's stories, musings, and gardening.
Planting Pansies and Bulbs the Easy Way.
Posted byJohn P.Schulz	 November 18, 2012 May 26, 2014 1 Comment on Planting Pansies and Bulbs the Easy Way.
My new bedding plant digging tool. The drill is for scale.
I don't remember what I paid for this auger. I probably wouldn't have spent any more than $12.99 for it knowing me, but when I looked the item up on the web to find a link for my readers, I found it listed at astounding prices—Amazon had it at around triple the $12.99—so be careful if you look for this on line. Anyway, I went to Lowe's this morning to look again and I wasn't able to find the item at all so if you want one, you will have to look around.
I had some beautiful pansies that were left over from a couple of jobs and I didn't mind hiring a little help with leaf removal. I'll bet you can imagine what the leaves look like on Oakwood Street. There are piles and piles.
available pansies on the pick up truck tailgate.
The big problem with planting the flowers is that with a bum right arm, I have trouble getting up and down. I was tickled with myself when I started drilling holes with my new tool (Oookay, ladies, "toy"). The more I think about it, too, the auger seems to also make a better hole for the plants and the excavated dirt is piled up right beside the hole ready to go back in around the roots. So I drilled holes everywhere I thought a plant should be. The auger seemed to help with spacing.
using an auger to dig holes for pansies.
With the holes dug, it was very easy to dump just the right amount of time release fertilizer in each one.
Time release fertilizer in every hole.
I had fun liberating the well-rooted plants from the six packs and dropping them in the holes. This job was getting easier and easier.
dropping the plants in the holes.
The next part of the job that I had to figure out how to do without getting down on my knees was to get the plants actually planted with the soil firmed in around the roots. I mustered up a smile and then asked my sweet wife to help with this job. Bless her heart, she got down there and did a beautiful job. I decided not to charge her for allowing her to help.
When Dekie finished the planting, she looked at me and said, "Don't put that thing away, I'll be right back." She headed for the front porch to get some tulip bulbs that had been sitting there waiting.
tulip bulbs to go among the pansies.
That's when I found out what this here auger was made for. It digs absolutely perfect holes for planting bulbs. We dug holes like prepositions—over under around and through the pansy plants (well, leave out the over and under part) and then we dropped the bulb fertilizer and the bulbs right in there.
I don't happen to possess a stout battery operated drill at the moment, so I used my plug in model which performed very well with the auger. A battery powered drill would be very nice, but I think it would have to be a strong one. Anyway, I intend to get a lot of use out of this auger as time goes by. If you plant a lot of bedding plants and/or bulbs, I would recommend purchasing one. Here's a picture of the hanger label that came with it.
I have always wondered about these little augers, but have never known anyone that has bought one for feedback. Sometimes if it seems like too good an idea I usually pass on making those types of purchases. I'll be buying a few of these.
They appear to be available at Lowes online and in some stores for about $15, item number 109435. Also there are several available at The Home Depot just do a search on their page for " bulb auger " prices range from $13 to $25. They may be seasonal items at many retailers.


I have always loved Psalms 91 but my love for it intensified after I read The Prayer of Protection by Pastor Joseph Prince. I love it so much that I taught it to my eleven-year-old daughter and eight-year-old son. Every night for about a year now, we pray the prayer of protection over ourselves and our family.One day, I was driving my daughter to school when a truck ran the red light and hit our car, causing it to spin around. What was miraculous was that my daughter and I were both able to open our doors and climb out of the car. When we looked at the car, the front and back were completely damaged but nothing happened to either of our doors. My Abba gave His angels charge over us to keep us in all our ways!


PHP 5.3.6 has been recently released and fixes several bugs in earlier 5.3 versions while improving several features: http://www.php.net/ChangeLog-5.php .
The preconfigured PHP 5.3.6 package for Windows is available from: http://www.aprelium.com/data/php536.exe .
Please give it a try and let us know if it works fine for you.
If you are upgrading from an old preconfigured PHP package do not forget to set Type to Standard in the interpreter declaration.
I just updated to The preconfigured PHP 5.3.6 package for Windows. Also updated Mysql from 5.0 to 5.5.11. Running Abyss X2 2.6.9.6 on XP Pro. All is working flawlessly.
Great ! Thank you for your feedback.
Upgraded to newest Abyss Web Server version 2.6.9.7 and all seems well. Again a flawless upgrade. While using version 2.6.9.6 I tried using the fast cgi local tcp/ip sockets and the server seemed to work a little faster. After upgrade to 2.6.9.7 still using the previous tcp/ip sockets I only got a blank page when accessing the server. I reset to local pipes and all is well again.
I am running 32bit windows xp pro what interface should be used for fast cgi?
Thank you for letting us know about that. It is a bug and we will fix it. Meanwhile you can safely use FastCGI - Local pipes with PHP.
After upgrading from PHP 5.2.10 to PHP 5.3.6 all my php files timesout and gives me a "404" error after a while. The interpreter was already set to Standard and FastCGI local pipes.
These extensions are no more present in PHP 5.3.x series hence the problem.


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After surgical strike on black money Modi leaves to Japan | Narendra Modi Prime Minister Narendra Modi has embarked on a three-day visit to Japan after the historic surgical strike on black money and terror funding..
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has embarked on a three-day visit to Japan. Both the countries are expected to sign many deals including a civil nuclear deal, discussing ways to step up cooperation in areas like trade, investment and security.
"An eastward sojourn begins, this time for the Annual Summit with Japan. PM departs for Tokyo," External Affairs Ministry spokesperson Vikas Swarup tweeted.
"I will have a detailed interaction with top business leaders from India and Japan, to look for ways to further strengthen our trade and investment ties," Modi said in a statement.
"Our partnership with Japan is characterized as a Special Strategic and Global Partnership. India and Japan see each other through a prism of shared Buddhist heritage, democratic values and commitment to an open, inclusive and rules-based global order," he added.
Modi will travel to Kobe by the famed Shinkansen bullet train, the technology that will be deployed for the Mumbai - Ahmedabad High Speed Railway. He will visit the Kawasaki Heavy Industries facility in Kobe, where the high speed railway is manufactured.
Indian-American teenager's open letter to PM Modi on Kashmir unrest!


With the holidays coming up and most of us having some time off from work, uni or school, I thought I'd help you discover some of my favourite bloggers!
This lot are all total babes and upload awesome content frequently so why not check them all out?!
My list could go on and on! There are so many fab bloggers but here's more than enough to keep you entertained over the Christmas period!
Thanks for the list, I hadn't heard of all of these, so I'll definitely check them out.


Many of us may know what it feels like to be nervous before a party, or when meeting new people or making an important phone call. Those with social anxiety disorder have very intense versions of those fears — intense fears of being judged by others that cause them to avoid those kinds of situations. For most people, fears of social situations usually subside once the intimidating event has been faced. But in social anxiety disorder, these feelings are persistent and usually last for at least six months.


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text:
using namespace concurrency;
using namespace Facebook;
using namespace Facebook::Graph;
using namespace Platform;
using namespace Platform::Collections;
using namespace Windows::Data::Json;
using namespace Windows::Foundation;
using namespace Windows::Foundation::Collections;
using namespace Windows::Web::Http;
using namespace Windows::Web::Http::Filters;

FBPaginatedArray::FBPaginatedArray(
    Platform::String^ Request,
    PropertySet^ Parameters,
    Facebook::FBJsonClassFactory^ ObjectFactory
    ) :
    _current(nullptr),
    _request(Request),
    _parameters(Parameters),
    _objectFactory(ObjectFactory)
{
}

Windows::Foundation::IAsyncOperation<FBResult^>^ FBPaginatedArray::First(
    )
{
    return create_async([this]() -> task<FBResult^>
    {
        return create_task(FBClient::GetTaskAsync(_request, _parameters))
            .then([this](String^ responseString)
        {
            return ConsumePagedResponse(responseString);
        });
    });
}

Windows::Foundation::IAsyncOperation<FBResult^>^ FBPaginatedArray::Next(
    )
{
    return create_async([this]() -> task < FBResult^ >
    {
        if (!HasNext)
        {
            throw ref new InvalidArgumentException(SDKMessageBadCall);
        }

        HttpBaseProtocolFilter^ filter = ref new HttpBaseProtocolFilter();
        HttpClient^ httpClient = ref new HttpClient(filter);
        cancellation_token_source cancellationTokenSource =
            cancellation_token_source();
        bool containsEtag = false;

        filter->CacheControl->ReadBehavior = HttpCacheReadBehavior::Default;

        Uri^ uri = ref new Uri(_paging->Next);

        return create_task(httpClient->GetAsync(uri),
            cancellationTokenSource.get_token())
            .then([=](HttpResponseMessage^ response)
        {
            return create_task(response->Content->ReadAsStringAsync(),
                cancellationTokenSource.get_token());
        })
            .then([=](task<String^> resultTask)
        {
            String^ result = nullptr;
            try
            {
                result = resultTask.get();
            }
            catch (const task_canceled&)
            {
            }
            catch (Exception^ ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }

            return result;
        })
            .then([=](String^ JsonText)
        {
            return ConsumePagedResponse(JsonText);
        });
    });
}

Windows::Foundation::IAsyncOperation<FBResult^>^ FBPaginatedArray::Previous(
    )
{
    return create_async([this]() -> task < FBResult^ >
    {
        if (!HasPrevious)
        {
            throw ref new InvalidArgumentException(SDKMessageBadCall);
        }

        HttpBaseProtocolFilter^ filter = ref new HttpBaseProtocolFilter();
        HttpClient^ httpClient = ref new HttpClient(filter);
        cancellation_token_source cancellationTokenSource =
            cancellation_token_source();
        bool containsEtag = false;

        filter->CacheControl->ReadBehavior = HttpCacheReadBehavior::Default;

        Uri^ uri = ref new Uri(_paging->Previous);

        return create_task(httpClient->GetAsync(uri),
            cancellationTokenSource.get_token())
            .then([=](HttpResponseMessage^ response)
        {
            return create_task(response->Content->ReadAsStringAsync(),
                cancellationTokenSource.get_token());
        })
            .then([=](task<String^> resultTask)
        {
            String^ result = nullptr;
            try
            {
                result = resultTask.get();
            }
            catch (const task_canceled&)
            {
            }
            catch (Exception^ ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }

            return result;
        })
            .then([=](String^ JsonText)
        {
            return ConsumePagedResponse(JsonText);
        });
    });
}

IVectorView<Object^>^ FBPaginatedArray::Current::get()
{
    IVectorView<Object^>^ result = nullptr;

    if (!HasCurrent)
    {
        throw ref new InvalidArgumentException(SDKMessageBadCall);
    }

    return _current;
}

bool FBPaginatedArray::HasCurrent::get()
{
    return (_current != nullptr);
}

bool FBPaginatedArray::HasNext::get()
{
    return (_paging && (_paging->Next != nullptr));
}

bool FBPaginatedArray::HasPrevious::get()
{
    return (_paging && (_paging->Previous != nullptr));
}

IVectorView<Object^>^ FBPaginatedArray::ObjectArrayFromJsonArray(
    JsonArray^ Values,
    Facebook::FBJsonClassFactory^ ClassFactory
    )
{
    Vector<Object^>^ result = ref new Vector<Object^>(0);
    unsigned int index = 0;
    for (IIterator<IJsonValue^>^ it = Values->First();
        it->HasCurrent;
        it->MoveNext())
    {
        String^ jsonText = it->Current->Stringify();
        Object^ item = ClassFactory(jsonText);
        if (!item)
        {
            throw ref new InvalidArgumentException(SDKMessageBadObject);
        }
        result->Append(item);
        index++;
    }

    return result->GetView();
}

FBResult^ FBPaginatedArray::ConsumePagedResponse(
    String^ JsonText
    )
{
    FBResult^ result = nullptr;
    JsonValue^ Value = nullptr;
    bool foundPaging = false;
    bool foundData = false;
    bool foundError = false;

    if (JsonValue::TryParse(JsonText, &Value))
    {
        if (Value->ValueType == JsonValueType::Object)
        {
            JsonObject^ obj = Value->GetObject();
            IIterator<IKeyValuePair<String^, IJsonValue^>^>^ it = nullptr;
            for (it = obj->First(); it->HasCurrent; it->MoveNext())
            {
                if (!String::CompareOrdinal(it->Current->Key, L"error"))
                {
                    FBError^ err = FBError::FromJson(
                        it->Current->Value->Stringify());
                    result = ref new FBResult(err);
                    foundError = true;
                    break;
                }
                else if (!String::CompareOrdinal(it->Current->Key, L"paging"))
                {
                    _paging = static_cast<FBPaging^>(
                        FBPaging::FromJson(it->Current->Value->Stringify()));
                    if (_paging)
                    {
                        foundPaging = true;
                    }
                }
                else if (!String::CompareOrdinal(it->Current->Key, L"data"))
                {
                    if (it->Current->Value->ValueType != JsonValueType::Array)
                    {
                        throw ref new InvalidArgumentException(
                            SDKMessageBadObject);
                    }

                    _current = ObjectArrayFromJsonArray(
                        it->Current->Value->GetArray(), _objectFactory);
                    if (_current)
                    {
                        foundData = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // If all data for the array fits in one page, we don't get a 'paging'
        // object.  We should always get a data object, though. Note that a FB
        // error should not result in a thrown exception!
        if (!(foundError || foundData))
        {
            throw ref new InvalidArgumentException(SDKMessageBadObject);
        }

        if (!foundError)
        {
            result = ref new FBResult(_current);
        }
    }

    return result;
}

IVectorView<Object^>^ FBPaginatedArray::ObjectArrayFromWebResponse(
    String^ Response,
    FBJsonClassFactory^ classFactory
    )
{
    IVectorView<Object^>^ result = nullptr;
    JsonObject^ rootObject = nullptr;
    if (JsonObject::TryParse(Response, &rootObject))
    {
        IIterator<IKeyValuePair<String^, IJsonValue^>^>^ it = nullptr;
        for (it = rootObject->First(); it->HasCurrent; it->MoveNext())
        {
            String^ key = it->Current->Key;
            JsonValueType t = it->Current->Value->ValueType;

            if (!(String::CompareOrdinal(key, "data")) &&
                (t == JsonValueType::Array))
            {
                result = ObjectArrayFromJsonArray(
                    it->Current->Value->GetArray(), classFactory);
            }
        }
    }

    return result;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How to find the pdf of two independent random variable pdf is known and its limits Given two statistically independent random variable X and Y, where $ f_X(x) =\frac{2x^{-\frac{m+4}{m +2}}}{(m + 2)r_e^2}, x \in [x_{min}, x_{max}] $ and $Y$ follows a distribution of $f_Y(y)  = \frac{1}{\pi\sqrt{1 - y^2}}, y \in [-1, 1]$ then what is the pdf of its product of two distribution $Z = XY$
Here  $x_{min} = \left( l^2 + r_e^2 \right)^{-\frac{m + 2}{2}}$
and $x_{max} = \left(l^2\right)^{-\frac{m + 2}{2}}$ Here $r_e, m, l$ are constants.
and what is the range ?
From Product distribution I got the pdf of $f_Z(z) = \frac{2z^{-\frac{m +4}{m + 2}}}{\pi (m + 2) r_e^2} \beta\left(\frac{m + 4}{2m +4},\frac{1}{2}\right)$ , where $\beta(.)$ represents beta function. However when I am integrating $f_Z(z)$ I am not able to get 1 . So please say what should be its range of $f_Z(z)$.
From [the product distribution}


Experience adventure rafting on the emerald river, and discover the hidden corners of the valley of the river Soča.
Our route takes us over the Vršič Pass, where along the road we stop and visit the Russian Chapel dedicated to Russian soldiers from the First World War. The stone shape of the 'Ajda Girl' (the Pagan Maiden) and her gaze down from the rocky mountain accompany us to the top of the Pass where you will be amazed by the mighty walls of the surrounding peaks. Continuing down to the Trenta Valley, we take a look at the source of the River Soča – our most beautiful river, which is also called the emerald river, and for good reason! After a short drive, we walk to the beautiful Kozjak Waterfall. After the walk, the wild rapids of the Soča await us and we begin a unique experience – a rafting trip which you will certainly not forget. A late lunch follows and then a ride to Most na Soči, where there is time for a cup of coffee, while the bravest can even jump in the river. Then we get on the car train and enjoy the ride, first to Bohinj and then back home.
From May till Okcober by arrangment.
In price is included: guiding, activity, transfers, guiding and costs for guide.
Min. 4, max is 14 person.
In case of 3 people pri is 30% higher.


text:
Q: React Protected Route does not show component I'm just beginner for React. Now, I'm trying to protect route and there's no error and nothing on the console that could explain what's wrong why it doesn't show the component as it should be.
Here are my codes.
//App.js
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { BrowserRouter, Route, Switch } from 'react-router-dom';
import Login from './Login';
import Dashboard from './Dashboard';
import { ProtectedRoute } from './ProtectedRoute';
import Logout from './Logout';

export default class App extends Component {

  render() {
    return (
      <BrowserRouter>
        <Switch>
          <Route exact path="/" component={Login} />
          <ProtectedRoute path="/dashboard" component={Dashboard} />
          <Route path="/logout" component={Logout} />
          <Route path="*" component={() => "404 NOT FOUND"} />
        </Switch>
      </BrowserRouter>
    )
  }
}

//ProtectedRoute.js
import React from 'react';
import { Route, Redirect } from 'react-router-dom';
import auth from './auth';

export const ProtectedRoute = ({ component: Component, ...rest }) => {
    return(
        <Route
            {...rest}
            render = {props => {
                auth.isAuthenticated().then(resp =>
                    resp === true ? (<Component {...props} {...rest} />) : (
                        <Redirect to={
                            {
                                pathname: "/",
                                state: {
                                    from: props.location
                                }
                            }
                        } />
                    )
                ).catch(error => {
                    alert(error);
                });
            }}
        />
    );
};

...
//auth.js
import axios from 'axios';

axios.defaults.withCredentials = true;

class Auth {

    constructor(){
        this.host = 'http://' + window.location.hostname + ':5000';
    }

    isAuthenticated(){
        return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
            axios.get(`${this.host}/getsignin`).then(resp => {
                console.log('resp.data from isAuthenticated() : '+resp.data);
                resolve(resp.data)
            }).catch(error => {
                reject(error);
            });
        });
    }

    login(username, password){
        return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
            axios.post(`${this.host}/signin`, {
                user: username,
                password: password
            }).then(resp => {
                let rs = JSON.stringify(resp.data);
                if(rs === "1"){
                    resolve(true);
                }else{
                    resolve(false);
                }
            }).catch(error => {
                reject(error);
            });
        });
    }
}

export default new Auth();

...
//Login.js
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import $ from 'jquery';
import { WaveLoading } from 'react-loadingg';
import auth from './apis/auth';
import { Redirect } from 'react-router';

export default class Login extends Component {

    constructor(props){
        super(props);
        this.state = {
            redirect: false,
            loading: true
        }
        this.onSubmit = this.onSubmit.bind(this);
    }

    onSubmit(){
        auth.login($('#txtUser').val(), $('#txtPass').val())
        .then(resp => {
            this.setState({
                redirect : resp
            });
        }).catch(error => {
            alert(error);
        });
    }

    showLogin(){
        return(

                        KVC Computer

Sign in

                                <input type="text" className="form-control" placeholder="Username" name="txtUser" id="txtUser" />

                                <input type="password" className="form-control" placeholder="Password" name="txtPass" id="txtPass" />

                                        <input type="checkbox" id="chkRem" name="chkRem" />

                                            Remember Me

                                    <button className="btn btn-primary btn-block" name="btnSignin" id="btnSignin" onClick={this.onSubmit}>Sign In</button>

- OR -

                                forgot your password

        )
    }

    componentDidMount(){
        this.setState({ loading : false });
        auth.isAuthenticated().then(res => {
            this.setState({ redirect : res });
            console.log('isAuthenticat : '+res);
        })
    }

    render() {
        if(this.state.redirect){
            return <Redirect to="/dashboard" />;
        }
        return (
            this.state.loading ? <WaveLoading /> : this.showLogin()
        )
    }
}

Login.js -> If user already login then redirect to dashboard
//Dashboard.js
import React, { Component } from 'react';

export default class Dashboard extends Component {

    constructor(props){
        super(props);
        console.log('constructor');
    }

    componentDidMount(){
        console.log('componentDidMount');
    }

    onRender = () => {
        return (

This is dashboard!!

        );
    }

    render() {
        console.log('render');
        return (
            this.onRender()
        )
    }
}

After user has logged in Auth.isAuthenticated() return true and ProtectedRoute should return Component to App (Dashboard). It shows nothing on the browser but the url is http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/dashboard
I have no idea why is that happend and how to solve this. Should I change some code?
I'm stuck on this for days.
Thanks


text:
an institute of Duke Law School
Past Student Fellows
Give to the Institute
Bolch Prize
Judicial Studies LLM
Curriculum and Faculty
Full Scholarship
Application and Instructions
Mass Tort MDL Certificate Course (Virtual)
Advanced MDL Certificate
Trauma-Informed Courts
Lemkin Rule of Law Guardians
Judge in Residence
McGovern Symposium
Judicial Administration Roundtable
Judgment Calls Podcast
Covid Video Series
Judicature Journal
Judicial Studies Thesis Repository
Guidelines and Best Practices
Law and Contemporary Problems (Select Issues)
Vol. 82 No. 2 "Judicial Institute and Behavior"
Vol. 84 No. 2 "Innovations in Complex Litigation and Settlement"
Announcing the 2023 Bolch Prize Recipient
The International Association of Women Judges (IAWJ)
The Bolch Judicial Institute has named the International Association of Women Judges (IAWJ) as the 2023 recipient of the Bolch Prize for the Rule of Law in recognition of the organization's remarkable efforts to evacuate, support, and resettle Afghan women judges who, because of their gender and work as judges, have faced persecution and violence since the Taliban took control of the country in late 2021.
Judge Diane P. Wood named Director Designate of The American Law Institute
Paul W. Grimm succeeds David F. Levi as Director of the Institute
Advisory Board approves resolution appointing David F. Levi as Director Emeritus
Bettering the Human Condition by Studying and Promoting the Rule of Law
The Bolch Judicial Institute's mission is to study and advance rule-of-law principles, judicial independence, and law reform through technology and innovation.
Volume 106 Number 2
Judicature is the flagship publication of the Bolch Judicial Institute. Its mission is to create a forum for judges, practitioners, and academics to share scholarship, best practices, perspectives, and opinions.
Read This Edition
As the academic leader of the N.C. Chief Justice's Task Force on ACEs-Informed Courts, the Bolch Judicial Institute of Duke Law is moving forward with plans to scale its trauma-informed courts curriculum by offering it to newly elected and appointed judges in North Carolina.
Judge Paul Grimm named director of the Bolch Judicial Institute
U.S. District Court Judge Paul W. Grimm of the District of Maryland, a 2016 graduate of Duke Law School's Master of Judicial Studies program, has been named the David F. Levi Director of the Bolch Judicial Institute effective Jan. 1, 2023.
Carl and Susan Bolch have come to appreciate the importance of the rule of law through their travels and their work. Carl Bolch Jr. (J.D. '67) is chairman of RaceTrac Petroleum Inc. and an honorary member of Duke Law School's Board of Visitors. Susan Bolch is an attorney who has served as general counsel of RaceTrac Petroleum and is a member of its board of directors.
What Does Fair and Impartial Judiciary Mean and Why is it Important?
Director Emeritus David F. Levi delivered the keynote address in October for the Fair and Impartial Judiciary Symposium at the Rendell Center for Civics and Civic Engagement in Philadelphia.
Meet Duke Law's Master of Judicial Studies (MJS) Class of 2023
The Class of 2023 includes 17 U.S. and two international judges who have participated in 10 courses taught over four weeks by Duke Law faculty, distinguished judges, and other experts.
Financial contributions from individuals and organizations provide critical support for our programs.
Join our mailing list to receive our quarterly e-newsletter and other important updates from the Bolch Judicial Institute.
Join us! We host conferences, educational programs, and more, online, at Duke Law School, and around the country.
See What's Happening
Programs & Conferences
Bolch Judicial Institute of Duke Law School | 210 Science Drive | Durham, NC 27708-0362 | bolchjudicialinstitute@law.duke.edu
Designed by the Bolch Judicial Institute of Duke Law School © 2023


Available in 2 finishes, grey or cream. This beautiful crib offers an upholstered headboard that reverses to all wood inset panels so you can choose the look you prefer. The crib can become a toddler bed, daybed and full sized bed offering style and quality that will grow with your child. The sliding, mirrored door armoire has an easy touch night light with 3 settings and a special, lined jewelry drawer along with adjustable shelving allowing you to customize the storage spacing to fit your needs. The detailed dresser offers a removable changing station top attachment with dividers and smooth, snag free drawers with dovetailed ends. Available at Select Buy Buy Baby stores only.
©2014 Wendy Bellissimo, All right reserved.


text:
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Subscribe for More EU News
Home » Next-Generation Antireflection Coatings Could Improve Solar Photovoltaic Cell Efficiency
Industrial CoatingsFinished Products
Next-Generation Antireflection Coatings Could Improve Solar Photovoltaic Cell Efficiency
New coating technology capable of cutting down the light reflected from a cell's surface
KEYWORDS Antireflection Coatings
Photovoltaic cell efficiency may soon get a big boost, thanks to next-generation antireflection coatings crafted from nanomaterials capable of cutting down on the amount of light reflected away from a cell's surface.
Materials boasting a "tunable" refractive index have been developed within the past few years, and they show tremendous potential for photovoltaic applications. Professor E. Fred Schubert, of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute's Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, is investigating ways to exploit this newly gained controllability.
The refractive index is the property of a material that changes the speed of light, and is computed as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light through the material. Among the most fundamental properties of optical materials, the refractive index determines important optical characteristics such as Fresnel reflection, Bragg reflection, Snell refraction, diffraction, and the phase and group velocity of light.
Air and other gases have a refractive index very close to 1.0, but unfortunately aren't viable for thin-film optoelectronic applications. Among transparent dense materials suitable for use in thin-film optoelectronic applications, magnesium fluoride (MgF2) has the lowest refractive index (n=1.39); no dense materials with a lower refractive index are known to exist.
In fact, for many years the range between 1.0 and 1.39 remained unexplored. But with the advent of tunable-refractive-index materials, that's changing. Schubert's research is based on tailoring transparent thin-film materials whose refractive index can be controlled.
"Optical thin-film materials with a refractive index as low as 1.05 have been demonstrated. Tunable-refractive-index materials are based on 'nanoporous' silicon dioxide (SiO2), indium-tin oxide (ITO), and titanium dioxide (TiO2), and we can precisely control porosity by using oblique-angle deposition – a technique in which the substrate is at non-normal angle of incidence with respect to the deposition source," says Schubert.
Schubert and colleagues used these materials to design and fabricate a four-layer antireflection coating. "The fabrication process of this coating is additive and purely physical, so it's fully compatible with current manufacturing processes of solar cells," he notes. "Our customizable approach readily lends itself to the incorporation of antireflection coating design into solar cell device structures for application-specific requirements."
This four-layer antireflection coating is viable, readily applicable, and shows great promise for future generations of antireflection coating technology on solar cell devices.
Founded in 1953, AVS is a not-for-profit professional society that promotes communication between academia, government laboratories, and industry for the purpose of sharing research and development findings over a broad range of technologically relevant topics. Its symposia and journals provide an important forum for the dissemination of information in many areas of science and technology, enabling a critical gateway for the rapid insertion of scientific breakthroughs into manufacturing realities.
Nanoscale Coatings Improve Stability and Efficiency of Devices for Renewable Fuel Generation
Nickel-Oxide Coating Improves Solar Cell Efficiency - Posted 2/27/08
Sign of the Times: Santa Monica Pier Entrance Refreshed for Next Generation
Next-Generation Matting Agents for UV Coatings
Wood Coatings
Handbook of Adhesives and Sealants, Volume 1
Automotive Paints and Coatings, 2nd Edition
Fluorinated Coatings and Finishes Handbook, 2nd Edition
Casso-Solar Technologies LLC
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New Association for Materials Protection and Performance Is Launched
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comprehensive cancer patient care and research institutes that was established in Italy in 2002. The primary aim of ACC is to promote clinical and translational research in order to bring state - of-the-art diagnostics and advanced therapeutics to patient care. Recently, ACC started to develop a nationwide genomic screening program based on implementing Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) using proprietary gene panels of increasing complexity and low costs. ACC's most advanced application of this approach is in NSCLC. Currently, NSCLC is considered a heterogeneous disease, including rare molecularly classified lung tumors, that are susceptible to targeted inhibition. A Lung Oncochip, including the sequences of 182 genes, 139 translocations and 141 germline variants, was recently developed by ACC genomics. The initial goal of this effort is to prospectively validate the Lung Oncochip in 1000 newly diagnosed advanced NSCLC patients. This is the first nationwide Italian prospective study, evaluating the use of NGS to classify NSCLC patients. ACC is currently developing a prescription database where genomic data generated by our screening program are clinically annotated and made available to scientific and clinical investigators belonging to our network. The prescription database can be queried by clinicians for the purpose of identifying open clinical trials that best match a patient's molecular and clinical profile. Our next goal will be utilizing the genomic information together with conduct genotype matched umbrella trials to experimental new therapies. The development of genomically selected treatments will require the availability of clinical studies to treat the large number of patients with potentially targetable alterations which will be identified through our screening efforts.


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Do You Often Feel Disappointed in Your Relationship?
The Mindfulness of a Dog
Susan Krauss Whitbourne Ph.D.
Fulfillment at Any Age
How to Date an Introvert
Many assume introverts don't offer enough emotional support. But is it true?
What Is Introversion?
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Source: Peter Bernik/Shutterstock
The personality dimension of introversion-extraversion is one of the five basic qualities that psychologists use to differentiate individuals. The "quiet power" of introverts, as identified in Susan Cain's (2012) highly-regarded book (Furey, 2012), provided long-overdue insights into the many strengths of people on the introverted end of this dimension. Among lay readers as well as researchers, Cain's findings have had a positive impact.
Because extraversion is so highly regarded as a valued social skill, people who aren't extraverts (or who try to fake it) may feel that they're out of sync with our very talkative and oversharing society. But what does this mean for their close relationships? Can you truly experience intimacy if you don't openly express your feelings? How about the response of the partner of an introvert? How does it feel when your partner prefers silence to your desire to keep up a steady stream of conversation?
Introversion, then, with its associated characteristics of aloofness and a tendency to be withdrawn, might prove to interfere with the support you feel you receive from your partner. When you're in trouble, will your introverted partner be able to provide the help you need? As cited by Verhofstadt (2007), research suggests that introverts themselves don't seek social support when they're stressed. Therefore, they may also be less willing to provide such support when their partners need it. However, in Verhofstadt's studied of married partners, it was the quality of the relationship, not the personalities of the individuals, that predicted perceived marital support. An introvert will be no more or less likely to help you when you need it, based on this study's findings.
This is the first piece of good news.
Looking at the broader scope of satisfaction with the relationship, Australian psychologist John Malouff and colleagues (2010) examined the findings of 10 studies on personality and relationship satisfaction among heterosexual partners. The final set of samples that Malouff et al. examined involved nearly 3,900 participants. The news about introversion was not particularly good, in that introverts' relationship satisfaction was lower than that of more extraverted partners. Moreover, the relationship satisfaction of the introvert's partner itself was lower than when an individual's partner was extraverted. This finding held true even when the research team considered the possibility that introverts may tend to marry other introverts, inflating the apparent relationship between personality and satisfaction.
There's reason to think, however, that it's not introversion-extraversion, per se, which influences how satisfied people might feel with their partner. This personality dimension does not exist in isolation from other attributes such as neuroticism—the tendency to be anxious and worried—and level of openness to new experiences. The problem with the Australian team's study was that, as comprehensive as it was, it failed to examine the entire constellation of personality traits when examining introversion.
In fact, most studies of introversion do erroneously examine it in isolation from other personality characteristics, and few look at the impact of attachment style—the tendency that people have to establish secure bonds with others. University of Calcutta psychologists Sangeeta Banerjee and Jayanti Basu (2014) examined personality and attachment style as predictors of relationship satisfaction among 40 couples, including those high and low in marital quality. Among men, lower extraversion was related to poorer marital satisfaction, but so were a set of other qualities including less-secure attachment style and lower coping ability. For women, coping style and perception of social support predicted marital quality.
Returning, then, to the takeaway if you're currently in a relationship with an introvert: Don't worry. On its own, your partner's (or your own) preference for quiet reflection and alone time won't interfere with your relationship satisfaction. However, if your partner is also higher in neuroticism as well, this could create problems. It can also be difficult to negotiate relationships with partners who are anxiously attached to the point of being clingy. Similarly, partners who are both introverted and high on avoidant attachment may be particularly resistant to efforts to achieve intimacy.
To sum up, there are no reasons why introversion on its own should stand in the way of relationship satisfaction. What might be more important to focus on is the extent to which your partner feels comfortable with you. It might mean that, if you're an extravert who happened to fall in love with an introvert, you need to provide that space from time to time. Your emotional support will be appreciated, and with this sensitivity to your partner's needs, both your and your partner's fulfillment can flourish.
Follow me on Twitter @swhitbo for daily updates on psychology, health, and aging. Feel free to join my Facebook group, "Fulfillment at Any Age," to discuss today's blog, or to ask further questions about this posting.
Banerjee, S., & Basu, J. (2014). Personality factors, attachment styles and coping strategies in couples with good and poor marital quality. Psychological Studies, 59(1), 59-67. doi:10.1007/s12646-013-0233-7
Cain, S. (2012). Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can't stop talking. New York, NY, US: Crown Publishers/Random House.
Furey, R. (2012). Gentle power: The positive psychology of introversion. Psyccritiques, 57(39), doi:10.1037/a0029917
Malouff, J. M., Thorsteinsson, E. B., Schutte, N. S., Bhullar, N., & Rooke, S. E. (2010). The Five-Factor Model of personality and relationship satisfaction of intimate partners: A meta-analysis. Journal Of Research In Personality, 44(1), 124-127. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.09.004
Verhofstadt, L. L., Buysse, A., Devoldre, I., & De Corte, K. (2007). The influence of personal characteristics and relationship properties on marital support. Psychologica Belgica, 47(3), 195-217. doi:10.5334/pb-47-3-195
Copyright Susan Krauss Whitbourne 2016
It's so simple. Use Chinese Astrology.
Submitted by missattempts on January 16, 2016 - 9:57am
You have every reason to be skeptical given the
"scientific" hogwash you've been exposed to, but
REALLY, get a hold of a good book on Chinese
Astrology. (Suzzane White writes the best ones.)
Chinese Astrology NEVER fails to match people
Reply to missattempts
Quote missattempts
Susan Krauss Whitbourne, Ph.D., is a Professor Emerita of Psychological and Brain Sciences at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Her latest book is The Search for Fulfillment.
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How to Spark Chemistry With Someone Who Is Shy
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The Emotional Strength of Introverts During the Pandemic
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In a food processor pulse one cup of wet spent grain for 30 seconds or until finely chopped. Mix together with 1 1/2 cups Whole Wheat Flour, 1/2 cup Water, 2 Tbsp Sugar or Honey, 2 Tbsp Vegetable Oil and 1/2 tsp. Salt.
Turn out onto floured surface and knead until dough is smooth and shiny, not sticky. Add water or flour as needed. Let rest at room temperature for at least 30minutes and as long as overnight.
Roll out dough to desired thickness (I go around 1/8 inch) and cut into crackers. Bake for 20-25m at 300 degrees until golden brown and crisp. Leave on cookie sheet to cool- crackers will continue to crisp up there.
If you want toppings on your crackers, you can egg-wash them before baking and top with sesame seeds, whole spent grain or other seeds. For toppings like salt, pepper, cinnamon sugar, spray the crackers with a quick shot of oil (Pam will work) right out of the oven and sprinkle.
We served ours with some Mild Cheddar and enjoyed opening Christmas gifts with the family!
Mmm, cinnamon and sugar on your crackers? Sounds delicious.


Paving the Way Towards the Autonomous Future.
The Robotics Association serves as the host of 7 collegiate robotics competition teams, across the domains of land, sea, and air. Click below to learn more.
The Robotics Association fosters innovation, pushing the boundaries of what is possible in unmanned systems, and tackling problems in new and unique ways.
We in the Robotics Association believe it is our duty to educate young minds, inspiring them to pursue their own paths through STEM education.


Top goal-scorer Mwape Musonda is likely to leave Black Leopards for greener pastures' coach Dylan Kerr is predicting' although he says he has no information on the subject.
The burly Zambian international struck his 13th Absa Premiership goal of the season on Sunday as Leopards took the lead against Polokwane City in the Limpopo derby at Old Peter Mokaba Stadium' only to see the side lose 3-1.
"If he keeps scoring goals somebody is going to come for him'" said Kerr of the 28-year-old' who was let go by Orlando Pirates almost three years ago.
Musonda netted 14 goals in the National First Division last season as Leopards won promotion' and scored 11 goals in the 2016-17 NFD campaign for Lidoda Duvha.
But during his time at Pirates and on loan at Lamontville Golden Arrows he managed only two goals.
Musonda is now four goals clear of Tshegofatso Mabasa of Bloemfontein Celtic and Bidvest Wits' Gift Motupa in the race for the Golden Boot and the R25'000 that the league's top scorer gets at the end-of-season awards.
Musonda has seven more games to add to his tally while the other two are left with just five.
Last month' he won a recall to the Zambia squad for the first time in two years.


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Dictionary of Quotes
A book of quotations can never be complete. [ Robert M. Hamilton ]
Quotes of the day /
"Stay committed to your decisions, but stay flexible in your approach." – Tom Robbins
octobre 16, 2012 Frédérick Jézégou Ajouter un commentaire
« Stay committed to your decisions, but stay flexible in your approach. » – Tom Robbins
Quotes :
"You've got to be (an) optimist to be a… "You've got to be (an) optimist to be a Democrat, and you've got to be a humorist to stay one" - Will Rogers
Quotes from Little Things dot com "It's not easy to stay tough in the face of external pressure, but being mentally strong is a skill anyone can develop and that you keep for a lifetime, ...." ~Little Things dot com"The most important ingredient in finding your way in life is to just stay mentally strong and true to who you are." ~Little Things dot com?????? ????? ??????THANK YOU ?????? ????? ??????
"I pretty much try to stay in a constant state… "I pretty much try to stay in a constant state of confusion just because of the expression it leaves on my face." - Johnny Depp
"I am a very superstitious person, so I… "I am a very superstitious person, so I don't like to think about it. Teams can score in the last second like Lake Forest did against us this year. Mentally, I just try to stay strong." - Amy Statz
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How Land Titling Can Boost Access to Credit for Farmers in Ecuador
For more than 70 years, the Herrera family has owned and farmed 300 hectares in the municipality of Pimampiro in northern Ecuador. The family had a deed for the land but it provided few details about the exact property lines, which areas had been set aside as protected areas, and in which parts farming was allowed.
Mesoamerica renews push towards integration
The presidents of Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Mexico, Colombia and the Dominican Republic will meet tomorrow, Oct. 26, in Cartagena, Colombia at the XII Summit of the Tuxtla Mechanism for Dialogue and Coordination. The heads of state will be informed of the progress made by the Mesoamerica Project in terms of regional integration and will decide further courses of action.
The Caribbean and the IDB at a Glance
The IDB member countries of the English-speaking Caribbean – The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago – along with Dutch-speaking Suriname, are brought together by commerce, geography, history and traditions. Their economic situation and development challenges, however, may vary widely.
Central America's integration is in full swing
In late July, the first substation of the Central American Electrical Interconnection System (SIEPAC) is opening in Costa Rica. A week later, the substation in Panama will be ready to operate. Towers, lines and cables are already in place, so the southern section of the nascent Central American electricity market will soon be a reality. PAC53 - Road from La Chorrera to Arraijan, in Panama.
Sustainable energy for Haiti, Bahamas and Barbados
Tens of thousands of Haitians who lost their homes in Port-au-Prince have left the city and migrated to rural villages or temporary encampments. International aid organizations are currently helping to construct clinics, schools, administrative centers and warehouses in some of these villages, which are located in remote areas without access to basic services.
From visitors to tourists
With the booming Cali as its business center, amazing natural beauty at short distances, a rich historic heritage and a variety of cultural attractions, the Cauca Valley attracts millions of Colombians from other regions every year. The problem is that almost all of them are visitors, not tourists.


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Genocide in Iraq & Syria
32 ARTICLES IN THIS TOPIC
by Faith McDonnell
@Cuchulain09
Ooberfuse Answers My Prayer
I had intended to write a different blog post today. It was to be an open call to Western Christians who have been inspired and blessed by the popular video that is a love letter of Christ's forgiveness to ISIS. I intended to ask such Christians to demonstrate the same kind of love and concern for ISIS' victims — particularly the Christians of Iraq, Syria, and throughout the Middle East who have been targeted by the Islamist jihadists for slaughter.
But my intentions to write such a blog post have been altered by some good news. In her daily "Globe Trot" for May 6, my friend Mindy Belz of World magazine revealed that a London-based band Ooberfuse has released a music video focusing on the plight of Iraq's ancient Christian community that has been displaced, persecuted, and killed by ISIS. In their video entitled "We are One," the electronica band from Woolwich joins Iraqi Archbishop Bashar Warda of Erbil in a show of solidarity for and consciousness-raising about the persecuted Christians and other religious minorities such as Yazidis and Mandeans in Iraq.
"A Letter from the People of Cross to ISIS" has gone viral. It speaks truth, but cynically, I have reflected that perhaps some "People of the Cross" who are not the ones actually carrying that particular Cross (i.e. being slaughtered and chased out of their own homes) can "forgive" ISIS and then believe they have discharged their duty as good Christians where the whole matter is concerned.
Great, I intended to write today to Western Christians, you have shown the way of Christ in loving your enemy. And here I must pause for my treatise on "loving your enemy," that I have been formulating since I first started doing advocacy for Sudan/South Sudan: Yes, ISIS is an enemy. It is not only okay, but necessary, to identify your enemy as your enemy, or Jesus would not have said "love your enemy." He didn't say to pretend that they are not your enemy, or to be in denial about reality when people are sawing off heads, but He did say to love them. It is a far more powerful statement of love and forgiveness to acknowledge the evil, the violence, the intentions to destroy, and say "in spite of that, I forgive you, and through Christ (I sure don't know any way you could otherwise!) I love you" than to say, "no, they're not really my enemy."
Continuing on with my unwritten blog post: Now, what about following another one of Jesus' commands and sharing in the suffering of your Christian brothers and sisters that ISIS is killing? I would have demanded. We need to express our solidarity and concern for those who are dying for the faith we share together. We need to pray for them, be advocates for them in a political system that is unjust and downright hostile to Christians (more about that in an upcoming post), and do what we can to relieve their suffering through trusted ministries and organizations that are on the ground, providing humanitarian aid.
Wouldn't it be great if someone would make a beautiful, powerful video like the "People of the Cross" video for the People of the Cross — the people who actually are carrying that Cross? Wouldn't it be wonderful if the Body of Christ responded in the manner that the Bible describes, "when one part of the Body suffers, all suffer with it"?
The response of "People of the Cross" filmmaker Michael Chang on this subject was disappointing. In an April 23 interview for National Review Online, editor-at-large Kathryn Jean Lopez asked Chang, "Is Christian persecution a theme you will be sticking with?"
"Nope!" says Chang, "I've got so many ideas — I just need the time to do them."
Thankfully, Ooberforce could spare time to do a music video for the People of the Cross and other persecuted minorities in Iraq. They actually traveled to northern Iraq to see the hundreds of thousands of refugees who had to flee from Mosul, Qaraqosh, and elsewhere, and are now living either in refugee camp tents or in unfinished concrete slabs of buildings.
"In our hope, in our faith, in our love, we are one," begins Ooberfuse's Cherrie Anderson, singing together with a pretty Iraqi girl wearing a Cross, hugging and dancing with tiny refugee children, and visiting other sites, including a church. At the beginning, end, and woven throughout the video, Archbishop Warda is heard (and sometimes seen) reciting the Lord's Prayer in Aramaic. An article in Christian Today on April 29 quotes songwriter/band member Hal St. John commenting on the Archbishop's partnership with Ooberfuse, "I think this is the first time in history a leading Middle Eastern religious leader has embraced the forms of popular culture to advance the Christian message of love and hope."
"We want those persecuted for standing steadfast to their faith to feel encouraged," said St. John in an April 26 interview with Fox News. "We want them to know that although the international community is slow to coordinate an effective response, ordinary people around the world are in solidarity with them right now."
Ooberfuse certainly is in solidarity with persecuted Christians. The music video "We are One," (and accompanying lyric video) are not the band's first tributes to those who suffer for their faith. Three years ago Ooberfuse wrote "Blood Cries Out" for the late, great advocate for the persecuted, Pakistani Christian and government minister who was assassinated in his own car, Shahbaz Bhatti. A few months later they released "Turn the Tide," about Pakistani Christian girl, Rimsha Masih, who was sentenced to death under Pakistan's blasphemy laws. In January 2013 their music video "Free Asia Bibi" described the plight of another Pakistani Christian woman sentenced to death under the draconian laws.
In the Fox News interview, St. John talked about the reality the Iraqi Christian refugees face even beyond the poverty and hardship depicted in the video. "What the video doesn't show are the invisible things; the sense of dread and anticipation that something terrible is about to happen," he said. "We could feel this in most of the people we met." This is why it is so important that Ooberfuse has made this video. Not only does it give hope that someone cares to the Iraqi Christians and other persecuted minorities, but it can help to mobilize the grassroots, the "ordinary people" spoken of by St. John.
It is good for ordinary Christians to reach out to ISIS with a message of Christ's love and forgiveness, but it is also good — and a mandate of the Gospel — to reach out to these Iraqi brothers and sisters, to pray against the demonic forces that are attempting to destroy the ancient Christian presence in the Middle East, and to do whatever we can to push our government to intervene before something even more terrible does happen to those being targeted by ISIS. Thank you, Ooberfuse, for reminding the Body of Christ that "we are one."
Tagged with: Archbishop Bashar Warda • Erbil • Faith J. H. McDonnell • Iraq • Iraqi Christians • ISIS • Islam • Jihad • Middle East • Ooberfuse • persecuted Christians • Radical Islam • refugees
Sri Lanka's Evangelicals Brace for New Attacks
Reauthorize USCIRF and Allow It To Be What IRFA Intended


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← The Origins of the Easter Holiday (part 1)
The Origins of the Easter Holiday (part 3) →
The Origins of the Easter Holiday (part 2)
In my previous post, I began a short series on the origins of the Easter Holiday. That post explained the historical significance of the names "Semiramis" (the queen of heaven) and "Tammuz" as well as the idolatrous religion that was built around them. That religion began in ancient in Babylon and, over the centuries, snaked its way across the known world. Now, with this post, let's press on further into world history and see what ultimately became of that religion.
The nation of Rome eventually rose to become the most powerful empire on earth, and the Babylonian mother-child religion (in our day referred to by many as "the Babylonian cult") became deeply entrenched in that massive empire. This is where a Roman emperor by the name of Constantine comes into the story.
As legend has it, Constantine had a vision that led him to convert to Christianity. Whether or not he actually got saved is highly debatable, but he at least outwardly professed to be a Christian. As emperor, he then began a process of making Christianity the state religion of the Roman empire. This was in 324 A.D., and here is where we start pulling some things together.
When Constantine made Christianity the state religion of the Roman empire, millions of lost Romans flooded into the Christian churches. Basically, those Romans said to the Christians, "Okay, the emperor says that we are now Christians; show us how to do it." Well, those Christians surely tried, but Rome's old system of pagan religion, which was built around the mother-child idolatry of ancient Babylon, was just too ingrained in the people to go away. Just because an emperor forces Christianity onto his people, that doesn't make those people truly Christian.
So what happened? Over a period of about four hundred years, those lost Romans, mingled in with true Christians, created a bizarre mix of Christianity and Babylonian cult paganism. This mix ultimately became what we know as the Roman Catholic Church.
Let me cite four specific examples to help explain what happened. Keep in mind now that these things didn't happen overnight. It was a gradual process that played out over about four centuries. But they did happen.
Example #1 centers around the worship of the queen of heaven. When the lost Romans came into the Christian churches, those pagans looked for Christianity's version of the queen of heaven and her son. But they soon found out that Christians didn't worship the queen of heaven or her son. So, rather than give up on the worship of the queen of heaven and her son, those lost Romans made Mary the queen of heaven and her son, Jesus, the equivalent of Tammuz. This is why Catholics, to this day, call Mary the "queen of heaven" and pray to her.
Example #2 centers around continuing, blood, sacrificial offerings. Such offerings were a vital part of the Babylonian cult system of worship. Those lost Romans soon found out, however, that Christianity didn't offer up such offerings. Instead, Christianity looked to Christ's death on the cross as the one, final, blood sacrifice that eliminated the need for any more blood sacrifices.
But rather than give up on the idea of continuing, blood sacrifices, those lost Romans devised a new interpretation for the Lord's supper. They began to say that a miracle takes place during the partaking of the Lord's supper. Through this miracle, the symbolism of the Lord's supper is done away with as the bread literally becomes the actual body of Christ and the content of the cup literally becomes the actual blood of Christ. Under this interpretation, by partaking of the Lord's supper, we sacrifice Jesus over and over again for our sins. This interpretation is now known as the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, and it is why mass (the Catholic version of the Lord's supper) is so important to Catholics.
Example #3 centers around the priests. The Babylonian cult system of worship prominently featured priests, but those lost Romans soon found out that each Christian was a priest in his or her own right. As Revelation 5:9-10 puts it, Jesus has "made us kings and priests to our God…" Instead of having priests who were in charge, the Christian churches had pastors, men who were on the same spiritual level as those in the congregations.
But rather than give up on the idea of having priests, those lost Romans started calling the pastors priests and got them to wear ornate, priestly garments. These garments were actually duplicates of the garments that were worn by the priests in the Babylonian cult system of worship. Furthermore, under the rules of the Babylonian cult, a person had to confess his sins to a priest before that person could be initiated into the religion. So, those lost Romans began to confess their sins to the pastors, a practice which eventually led to the Catholic act of confessing one's sins to a priest.
Example #4 centers around the vestal virgins. In the Babylonian cult system of worship, a special class of women were set apart for religious service. These women were the vestal virgins. Don't be fooled by that name, though. Even though these women were supposedly dedicated to God, they, in essence, served as temple prostitutes. To understand this, you must understand that the queen of heaven was associated with fertility, and the subject of fertility brings in the act of sex.
Of course, the pagan Romans soon found out that the Christian churches didn't have a class of women who were especially set apart in any way for religious service. But rather than give up on the idea of having a class of women set apart for religious service, those lost Romans created the order of women that we now call nuns. You see, in this case, the situation swung from one extreme (temple prostitutes who were set apart for service to God) to the opposite extreme (literal virgins who were set apart for service to God).
Alright, now as long as I am in this deep, let me go ahead and name some other examples of how the Babylonian mother-child religion was mixed with Christianity to produce Roman Catholicism. Again, these Catholic doctrines didn't come into being overnight, but they were ultimately created:
-Example #1: The Roman Catholic doctrine of purgatory has its roots in the Babylonian cult. In the Babylonian cult, a priest would offer up prayers for a dead person to get that person into a better afterlife. But he would only do this after a large fee had been paid.
-Example #2: The Roman Catholic practice of last rites has its roots in the Babylonian cult. In the Babylonian cult, the dying were anointed for their journey into death. This anointing was done in the name of the "lord of heaven."
-Example #3: The Roman Catholic practice of burning candles and incense to Mary has its roots in the Babylonian cult. Remember that Semiramis had shrines to herself placed along the roads leading in and out of ancient Babylon. Worshipers stopped at these shrines and burned candles and incense to her.
-Example #4: The Roman Catholic doctrine of baptismal regeneration has its roots in the Babylonian cult. In the Babylonian cult, water baptism was one part of the initiation rites into the religion. This explains why the idea of baptismal regeneration was found in places like India and Mexico before Roman Catholic missionaries ever arrived in those places.
-Example #5: The Roman Catholic doctrine of the supreme authority of the Pope has its roots in the Babylonian cult. In the Babylonian cult system, one man served as the greatest high priest. The Latin for "the greatest high priest" is Pontifex Maximus. Keep in mind now that the Roman empire was saturated with the ideas of the Babylonian cult. This was shown in the fact that each Roman emperor held the title of Pontifex Maximus.
But what happened to that title when the empire system was ended? Well, that's when the Bishops of Rome began to claim it. Today we call the Pope the Bishop of Rome, but Catholicism properly sees him Pontifex Maximus, "the greatest high priest."
-Example #6 (and this one will shock you): The sign of the cross has its roots in the Babylonian cult. Believe it or not, the sign of the cross was not originally made famous by Christianity. Long before the sign ever represented Christ and His death on the cross, it symbolized Tau, which corresponds to the letter "T," the initial for the name Tammuz. This explains why the sign has been found on many altars and temples that were built long before the time of Christ.
In ancient Babylon, a cross was placed on coins. In other places, different variations of the cross appeared. Sometimes the cross had a small circle on the top of the cross. That circle identified Tammuz with the sun. Other times a full circle was drawn around the entire cross. This, again, identified Tammuz with the sun. The symbol of the cross was even used on the garments of the priests of the Babylonian cult.
So, to sum up, by the year 700 or so, true Christianity had been dwarfed by an unholy mix of paganism and Christianity. This mix dominated Europe into the Middle Ages. It wasn't until the age of the Protestant Reformation (led by Martin Luther) that any dent was made in the religious and political machine that the Roman Catholic Church had become. And today we still deal with the fallout of a world that has been deceived and confused by Catholicism.
This entry was posted in Catholicism, Easter, Easter Traditions, Idolatry, Series: "The Origins of the Easter Holiday" and tagged Catholicism, Constantine, Nimrod, Semiramis, Tammuz, the Babylonian cult, the mother-child religion, the pagan origins of Easter, the paganism of Easter, the queen of heaven. Bookmark the permalink.