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basmati rice case judgement 2020
First export consignments of 'red rice' from Assam to the ... Basmati Archives | SCC Blog The ECJ therefore ruled in the Van Doren Lifestyle case that, if a party relying on exhaustion can demonstrate that there is a real risk of market partitioning if he bears the burden of proof, it is for the proprietor of the trade mark to establish that the products were initially placed on the market outside the EEA by him or with his consent. [5] India is a diverse country with traditional knowledge ranging from Yoga to Ayurveda. Analysis of . . M/S Sarvasiddhi Agrotech Pvt. Ltd vs The Union Of India on ... Thus, European Union is a major market for Indian products and produce specially basmati rice. The Hon'ble Supreme Court of India in its Judgment titled as Bajaj Alliance General Insurance Company Ltd. v/s Union of India & Ors Writ Petition No.534/2020 dated 16.3.2021 passed a number of directions regarding disbursement of compensation as well as speedy disposal of cases pending before the various MACTs. Lower oil price is unlikely to have much impact on demand of Basmati rice from Middle-Eastern countries. Favored by emperors and praised by poets for hundreds of years. Turning Deaf: Musings on the phonetic similarity of ... The applicant in the case of the Chinoor rice is a private trading company and hence cannot be expected to represent the interests of producers of goods in a geographical area. Section | Asia IP - Intellectual Property News and Analysis This could make it easy for the rice exporters to directly advocate for the protection of Pakistan's GI rights of Basmati. The total area of its manufacturing plant is 69121.25 sq. When you only look for a cheap service, you might Basmati Rice Case Study Ppt end up with a fraudulent website. Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 . Brief facts are as under: Petitioner is a registered company and is engaged in supply of rice in the State of Tripura. September 8, 2014. 1 = 2010 (5) TMI 393 - SUPREME . The world's largest basmati rice producer is now one of India's top loan defaulters. News reports indicate that 13.09 million tonnes of non-basmati rice, 4.63 million tonnes of basmati rice and 2.09 million tonnes of wheat were exported in 2020-21, a year when millions of Indians faced a situation of hunger and food insecurity. While Pakistan exports 500,000 to 700,000 tons of basmati to various countries, India has been fetching higher rates with a similar product due to its laws relating . A recent judgement of a European Union court has misled Pakistan into believing that its geographical indication (GI) rights over Basmati rice have . Notified GIs of Pakistan. The case is also popularly known as 'The Doon Valley Case' or 'The Dehradun Valley litigation', a six-year long litigation where four orders and two judgments were passed by the Supreme Court starting with the first order passed on 12 th March 1985 and the final judgement passed in 1988. You can use any kind of raw rice - small grained like sona masoori, kolam or ghee rice or even basmati rice. Bushra Ansari urges Ulema to address issues of rape, acid attacks. Basmati 386 Rs 75/kg. Analysis of the Case Laws in Relation to COVID-19 Taken up by the Supreme Court. According to Aaron Wininger, Director of China Intellectual Property Law Practice, Schwegman Lundberg & Woessner, winning a case is only half the battle. A progressive grower and exporter, Sami Ullah Naeem said that fixing support price for rice would not be a good option. The case of Basmati GI Tag. This is because Basmati is a staple food in many of these countries and consumers will first cut on their other luxuries before changing their eating . Bags of default. Owner of Basmati Rice Company - Ramdev International Limited, flees India with alleged unpaid loan of Rs. However, it is unfortunate knowing that Pakistan has not registered basmati as a local commodity. 3. Kernel Basmati (2nd) Rs 150/kg. As is the case for Mauritius, the retail prices of Long Grain White Rice . Brief facts are as under: Petitioner is a registered company and is engaged in supply of rice in the State of Tripura. The tribunal's judgement in the Italian marines case was in Italy's favour. BASMATI CASE STUDY Basmati rice means the "queen of fragrance or the perfumed one." Grown in the foothills of the Himalayas for thousands of years. The state has . a case which relied on the UK law of passing off in a UK trade mark infringement claim. The Informant submits that it was availing term loan and working capital from a consortium of banks namely, State Bank of India, State Bank of Patiala and Punjab National Bank. and the Madhya Kshetra Basmati Growers Association Samiti filed Writ Petitions 6857 and 7030 of 2018 . 2. www.gradeup.co 1 1. March 21, 2021. A decade-long legal battle over the fragrant, long-grain Basmati rice is heating up between neighboring countries, India and Pakistan. Kumar Gandhary Vs. KRBL Limited (National Anti-Profiteering Authority) We have carefully heard the Respondent and also perused the material placed on the record and it is revealed that the "India Gate Basmati Rice" sold by the Respondent was not liable for tax before the implementation of the GST and after coming into force of the CGST Act, 2017 it was levied GST @ 5% w.e.f. The gifts were made as a gesture of goodwill and fraternity between Bangladesh and the. Basmati rice is one of the best-known varieties of rice originally cultivated in India, Pakistan and certain regions of South Asia. Basmati- Pride Of India- A Case Comment. Bangladesh has sent fine quality rice (developed by Bangladeshi scientists named Banglamati), seasonal fruits and fresh vegetables to the United Arab Emirates by a cargo flight of Etihad Airlines as gifts. On July 30, the State government issued guidelines for online learning, specifying . Judgment of the Supreme Court of Mauritius - On 31 May 2019, the Supreme Court, in the case of STC v . . November 17 . Perfumy, nut-like flavor and aroma. They also noted that Basmati rice was a joint heritage of India and Pakistan and that Pakistan was as entitled to secure its Basmati rice trade as India. for the purposes of grant of GI tag for Basmati. Case analysis Additionally, in the RiceTec case, wherein RiceTec - a private rice-maker from the U.S.A.- sought patents to Basmati, India while embroiled in the litigation, conceded that Basmati was made in Pakistan as well. Context: GI tag for Basmati Madhya Pradesh has sought GI tag for Basmati produced in 13 districts of MP. The government passed the local GI bill 10 years after it was first submitted to Parliament. As the exports of 'red rice' grow, it would bring enhance incomes of farming families of the Brahmaputra flood plains. Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to their tangible and intangible assets. Financial Emergency. Pakistan -India tussle over Basmati rice. March 13, 2019. By Surabhi Dhole & Suvigya Vidyarthi, University of Pune, DESFNLC. Low price of basmati rice hurting growers . The Federal Government has notified the following Geographical Indications (GIs) of Pakistan under section 11(2) of the Geographical Indications (Registration & Protection) Act, 2020. Assignment Help Services Reviews - 2020. Malik Riaz and his son had held 10-year visit visas to the UK valid till July 28, 2021 and May 18, 2021, respectively. . Pragati discusses the issue further and concludes that Section 11 of the GI Act aims to protect those persons who are directly involved in the creation of GI products. The tag indicated premium quality and thus, fetched a higher price for the product. Pakistan exports 500,000-700,000 tons of basmati rice to different parts of the world out of which 200,000 to 250,000 tons are being shipped to EU countries, according to the Pakistani Commerce . Muktoshri Rice. Researchers from West Bengal's have developed a rice variety called Muktoshri (IET 21845), that is resistant to arsenic. 2020. FULL TEXT OF THE JUDGMENT/ORDER of TRIPURA HIGH COURT. . The applicant in the case of the Chinnor rice is a private trading company and hence cannot be expected to represent the interests of producers of goods in a geographical area. SC reserves judgment in sacked employees . 22.09.2017. India is the second . This time, we have a look at a case which relied on UK passing off to oppose an EU trade mark application under Article 8(4) EUTMR.With the case revolving around Basmati rice, and a bit of Brexit to sweeten the deal, let's see what happened. 10 people. This image demonstrates the basmati rice patent acquired by India in early 2000s. Thereafter, the Assistant Registrar rejected the petitioners case for inclusion of the 13 districts of the State of M.P. Judgement of the Delhi High Court regarding Ministry of Agriculture's move restricting Basmati rice cultivation to Indo-Gangetic areas, 25/04/2019; Can contract farming in organic basmati rice be a boon to smallholders? A long-grained rice with a fine texture Costliest rice in the world. You will find us if you click in the link in your bio ... in case link is doing sonhow 08178775944 #fuelyouraspirations #fuelyourlife #keepwinning #keepcelebrating #initowinit #eventplanner #eventscatering . 2020. . We cook it on the stovetop as follows: soak in cold water for 30 minutes; drain and rinse; in a large sauce pan add 2 measures of cold water to 1 measure of rice; bring to a boil, reduce to low heat, cover and simmer for 10-12 minutes until water is absorbed; remove from heat; stand covered for 5 minutes; lightly fluff; serve. yard. Why shouldn't MP be allowed to get a GI Tag for Basmati? Indications in Chennai seeking GI tag for basmati rice. The variety yields 5.5 metric tons per hectare in the Boro (Winter) season and 4.5 to 5 metric tons per hectare in the Kharif season, respectively. The import duty for husked rice falling under CN code 1006 20, other than basmati rice, shall be EUR 65 per tonne. In 2020, a new audit client, Rice Company of Australia Ltd (RCA), expressed its interest to work with FKC. FKC is a mid-tier accounting firm based in Melbourne. 10 By decision of 2 April 2020 ('the contested decision'), the Fourth Board of Appeal of EUIPO dismissed the appeal as unfounded on the ground that the applicant had failed to prove that the name 'basmati' would allow it to prohibit the use of the mark applied for in the United Kingdom under the common law tort of the extended form of passing off. Editor's Note: The essay starts off by explaining the meaning and purpose of intellectual property. 31 July 2020. SC: States not bound to make a reservation in promotions • In a major judgement, the Supreme Court has said that there is no fundamental right which inheres in an individual to claim reservation in promotions. The company is wholly owned and run by the appellant's family and is described as the largest property developer in Asia. Supreme Court: The Bench of L. Nageswara Rao, B.R. 16/05/2020 . Basmati Rice Case Study In Ipr, Custom Scholarship Essay Writers Service Us, Signs Of Safety Case Study, Short Essay Horror Story. In 2018, India applied for a Geographical Indication tag for Basmati rice. Decriminalizing Income Tax Act and Prevention of Money Laundering Act. However you may be required to increase the amount of water if you are using superior quality of rice (like basmati). Once upon, more than two decades ago, Pakistan and India cooperated. RCA is a medium size company located in Melbourne. Researchers from West Bengal's have developed a rice variety called Muktoshri (IET 21845), that is resistant to arsenic. The Supreme Court of India has held that "the principle of phonetic similarity has to be jettisoned when the manner in which the competing words are written is different."[v] Clearly, visual differences in the mark are side-lined and phonetic similarity is given higher weightage in determining infringement of trademarks. 01.07.2017, due to which input tax credit (ITC . In response to a US patent for strains of rice that . the other a cure will be found in the year 2020 and the pandemic will recede beyond 2020. 2. The majority of our writers have advanced degrees and years of Ph.D.-level research and Basmati Rice Case Study In Ipr writing experience. Entertainment May 9, . . Basmati jollof Rice Sassy Coconut Rice Basmati fried Rice . Basmati Rice Patent Battle 31-01-2016 2. Civil Writ Petition No.7091/2019 = 2019 (7) TMI 943 - RAJASTHAN HIGH COURT has issued notices on the constitutional validity of section 96(2) pertaining to AAAR authority which may be taken note of In the light of Apex Court Judgment 2010 (11) SCC Page No. They know what . . It also led to the passing of The Environment . We use white basmati rice primarily. The Informant is stated to be a large scale basmati rice manufacturer situated at Bahalgarh, Sonepat. On December 10, 2020, China's Supreme People's Court released its Guidelines for Enforcement of Intellectual Property Judgments - which are guidelines to explain how to enforce judgements. The DGSG had issued notice to the above Respondent and after examining the record had reported that in this case the tax rate on the packed Basmati Rice carrying registered brand name of "India Gate Basmati Rice" had been increased from Nil to 5% after the implementation of the GST w.e.f. 2 | Page 044-24339436, 044-42867555, 9840226187 They are also instructed to hold regular discussions with children and their families about online learning and related issues. Basmati battle reaches Supreme Court. Madhya Pradesh and its Basmati growers body has knocked at the doors of the Supreme Court seeking a geographical indication (GI) tag for "Basmati" rice grown in its 13 districts. Web Desk. Final disposal on November 25, 2020. Any dilution in . For over 10 years, since its inception in 2009 as a monthly, Lex Witness has become India's most credible platform for . Intellectual Property Intellectual property (IP) is a legal concept which refers to creations of mind for which exclusive rights are recognized. Petitioner has challenged an order dated 03.07.2020 passed by the adjudicating authority as well as an order dated 27.01.2021 passed by the Appellate authority. In the present matter, the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority ("APEDA") filed an application before the Assistant Registrar of the Geographical Indications . Basmati Rice. Introduction: The Madras High Court on 10 th June, 2020 delivered a judgment on a 7 years old suit filed by ITC Limited against Nestle India Limited for passing off and restraining the defendant (Nestle) from using the mark 'Magical Masala' or any mark similar to the plaintiff's mark 'Magic Masala'. Case Study on Basamati Rice Patent Battle 1. You can easily find a cheap essay writing service online. "We assure the rice community that we will defend our case with due diligence and commitment." It may be noted here that Basmati is currently recognised as a product of both Pakistan and India . Day: July 6, 2020. Pakistan is already fighting its case against India's application for an exclusive GI (Geographical Indication) tag for basmati rice after the Intellectual Property Organisation (IPO) filed an application in the European Union (EU). Muktoshri Rice. Thus, Pakistan may use this concession against India to substantiate its stance further. After the European Union Court of Justice [CJEU] judgement in 2019, an expectation appeared that a concrete judgement from the German Federal Court of Justice [BGH] will follow, but yet again, a day ago [April 30, 2020] the BGH did not fully decide the case and referred back to Higher Regional Court for the never ending next round. Pragati discusses the issue further and concludes that Section 11 of the GI Act aims to protect those persons who are directly involved in the creation of GI products. Basmati War. Gavai and B.V. Nagarathna, JJ., addressed a matter with respect to registration of 'Basmati' as a Geographical Indication for basmati rice. CHENNAI , March 09, 2020 22:24 IST Updated . A basmati battle to win. REUTERS/Amit Dave. Pakistan's claim that the latest EU court judgement upholds its rights over Basmati rice is unsubstantiated, says expert. "The case of Agriculture and . The rice was long and thin, and aromatic. In this blog, we take a look back at the decision given by the Delhi Court in the year 2019 wherein it granted ex-parte injunction in favor of India Gate Basmati Rice. Along with that, the paper you will be getting will be a pure waste of money and time. Madhya Pradesh has sought inclusion of its 13 districts for GI tagging for basmati. Recently, the European Commission has also published India's GI application for 'Basmati' rice in the European Union. In terms of value realisation, India's rice exports rose by 38 per cent to USD 8815 million in 2020-21 from USD 6397 million reported in 2019-20. The ratio of 1:3 (lentils to water) results in a perfectly mushy khichdi. Nasir Iqbal Published November 1, 2020 Prime Minister Imran Khan is expected to pick one of the international law firms short-listed for fighting Pakistan's case in the European Union to protect. (vi) That jurisdictional High Court Judgment In D.B. : evidence from India; Question raised in Rajya Sabha on non acceptance of basmati rice produced in Madhya Pradesh by APEDA, 06 . Apart from Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Delhi, Western Uttar Pradesh and select districts of Jammu and Kashmir have GI tagging for basmati. In 2020-21, India's rice exports (Basmati and Non-Basmati) rose by a huge 87 per cent to 17.72 Million Tonne (MT) from 9.49 MT achieved in 2019-20. Source: Spicy IP. Pakistan has found another issue to contest India at the European Union and this time it is over the use of Basmati rice. Fortune Rice Ltd (FRL) was established in 2005 and is in the business of manufacturing and processing of basmati rice. Bombay High Court dismisses Emami's appeal against the ad-interim relief granted to HUL in a trademark case [July 16, 2020]. 9.9.2020 OJ L 295 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1259 of 8 September 2020 fixing the import duties applicable to certain types of husked rice from 9 September 2020. Further, the European Union had a share of about 8% in India's total basmati rice exports during April-May 2020. 414 crore . At all relevant times, Mr Malik was the Chairman of Bahria Town, Mr Ali was the CEO.". 6. Basmati rice is grown in about 75,000 hectares in 13 districts of Madhya Pradesh as compared to 2.6 lakh hectares in Punjab. Experts on Basmati rice and patents said there was no cause for worry January 28, 2021 a day after Pakistan said it had got a Geographical Indications (GI) tag for its Basmati rice. Motorway rape case: Ushna Shah hopes landmark judgment stops similar injustices. #goodfoodalways! Bills/Act/Laws DOMR . • The court said that Articles 16 (4) and 16 (4-A) of the Constitution did not confer individuals with a fundamental right to claim reservations in promotion. . Challenging the order passed by the Assistant Registrar, the State of M.P. However, you have Basmati Rice Case Study Ppt to make sure that you are contacting a cheap but professional essay writing service. rice, basmati rice, organic brown basmati rice Pakistan B1: up 9.1 µg/kg 3 Ochratoxin A figs Turkey, Italy up 73.35 µg/kg 2 organic bread rye Estonia up 19.07 µg/kg 1 organic brown basmati rice Pakistan 11.2 µg/kg 1 chillies seasoning Turkey 32.4 µg/kg 1 Fumonisins maize flour Kosovo 1,642 µg/kg 1 . Published May 20, 2020 Last updated on May 27, 2020. Petitioner has challenged an order dated 03.07.2020 passed by the adjudicating authority as well as an order dated 27.01.2021 passed by the Appellate authority. It mentions how certain intellectual property cases are related to turmeric. But the basis used in the judgement could set a wrong precedent. Case Study - Rice Company of Australia Ltd . VERONA RICE Rolling out today like woah!!! New Delhi: The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) on Thursday (July 2) registered a fraud case of Rs 350 crores against M/s Punjab Basmati Rice Ltd and its directors following the complaint of Canara Bank in Chandigarh.The CBI also raided the company's office and houses of the firm's directors-Kulwinder Singh Makhani, Jasmeet Kaur, and Manjeet Singh Makhani. The variety yields 5.5 metric tons per hectare in the Boro (Winter) season and 4.5 to 5 metric tons per hectare in the Kharif season, respectively. The Supreme Court of India has held that "the principle of phonetic similarity has to be jettisoned when the manner in which the competing words are written is different."[v] Clearly, visual differences in the mark are side-lined and phonetic similarity is given higher weightage in determining infringement of trademarks. India also ensures a fair trial against the marines in Italy. 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basmati rice case judgement 2020 2021


text:
We demand justice for Sakine, Fidan and Layla!
Three Kurdish women politicians and fighters for freedom and women's liberation – Sakine Cansiz, Leyla Dogan and Fidan Saylemez – were brutally and dastardly murdered.
For the Kurdish people and especially for us as women the clarification and elucidation of this political crime is a very important and sensitive issue as well as the identification of the actual perpetrators of this massacre and any involved force. As long as the French justice system has not only exposed the killer pulling the trigger but also all dark forces and states that are involved in this political assassination, the French government cannot secure itself from being under a cloud. As this triple murder took place in a Kurdish institution that has been observed by the French secret service 24 hours per day, the French Ministry of the Interior and Ministry of Justice carry the responsibility to clarify completely, how such an act could happen.
This cruel crime in central Paris concerns all people fighting for freedom, justice, women's rights and democracy. Women, peoples and progressive political forces from all over the world have called for an immediate clarification of the killings.
Ceni – Kurdish Women's Office for Peace calls upon the French government with the demand: "We want justice for Sakine, Fidan and Leyla!" Until this crime has been solved and enlightened we will keep on sending letters, faxes, e-mails and postcards with our demands to the French prime minister, the Minister of the Interior and Minister of Justice. We call on all democratic institutions, political parties and individuals; feminist groups and women's rights defenders; internationalists, Kurdish women and the Kurdish people to participate in this campaign by sending, letters, faxes, e-mails and postcards requirements as outlined below (preferably in French) to the representatives of the French Government.
Postcards can be ordered at our office. Please, indicate the number of cards and your postal address.
Cenî – Kurdish Women's Office for Peace
Düsseldorf, 21.01.2013
Sample text in English
We demand justice!
To the French Government
To the Ministry of Justice and Ministry of Interior
On 9 January 2013, three Kurdish politicians and fighters for women's rights, Sakine Cansiz, Fidan Dogan and Leyla Soylemez, were callously and maliciously murdered in the centre of Paris. It is your responsibility to conduct a full-scale investigation into these political killings and bring the perpetrators to justice.
We call on you:
• To identify those responsible for the murders and bring them to justice!
• To uncover and condemn those persons and state forces who are complicit in this crime!
• To stop the politically motivated criminalisation of Kurdish associations and the arrest of Kurdish political activists in France!
• The French government must change its anti-Kurdish policies and de-proscribe the PKK from the "list of terrorist organisations"
Sample text in French:
Nous voulons la justice!
A l'attention du gouvernement français,
A l'attention des Ministres de l'intérieur et de la justice,
Le 9 janvier 2013, trois politiciennes kurdes, Sakine CANSIZ, Fidan DOGAN et Leyla SAYLEMEZ ont été exécutées dans les locaux du Centre d'Information du Kurdistan (CIK), situé en plein centre de Paris. Vous avez le devoir immédiat de faire lumière sur ces assassinats et de juger les coupables.
Nos revendications:
– La condamnation immédiate des assassins et responsables de ce crime politique!
– La lumière sur les forces obscures et les Etats qui se cachent derrière ce massacre!
– Fin aux arrestations et aux pressions faîtes aux politiciens et aux associations kurdes!
– L'abandon par la France de sa politique anti-kurde et le retrait du PKK (Parti des Travailleurs du Kurdistan) de la liste des organisations terroristes.
Addresses – Fax numbers – E-mail- Addresses of the French Ministries:
Prime Minister:
M. Jean-Marc Ayrault
Hôtel de Matignon
57, rue de Varenne
F- 75700 Paris
Fax : 0033 1 45 44 15 72
Minister of Justice:
Ministre de la Justice
Mme. Christiane Taubira
13, place Vendôme
Fax: 0033 1 44 77 60 69 / 0033 1 44 77 25 05
Minister of Interior:
Ministre de l'Intérieur
M. Manuel Valls
Place Beauvau
Fax: 0033 1 42 65 67 72

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In Dora Dress Up Game, Dress up Dora and her best friend Boots. They're heading out for an adventure. So you must help them dress up to adapt the adventure.
102218 girls played Dora and boots Dress Up Game online, please share this funny games with your friend!


Home / Articles / Tis the Season to Scream for Ice Cream!
Tis the Season to Scream for Ice Cream!
You know you can't resist ice cream on a hot summer's day. While neither can the average North American. That's why Ice Cream Social fundraisers are so popular with youth groups, as school and daycare fundraisers, and to raise funds for sports teams.
Just like the Bake Sale, the Ice Cream Social is dual purpose. Yes, it does raise money for your cause, but it also is an ideal way for parents to get involved to get to out and mingle with the other parents in their child's sports team or youth group.
As you can imagine, throwing an Ice Cream Social is pretty straightforward. You certainly require ice cream, but you will also need to keep in mind the following tips for making your event cool enough to beat the fundraising heat!
Ice Cream Socials, or any event involving the organization of parents and kids, will typically work best on a weekend. Why?
Because families have free time over the weekend, whereas during the week they are rushing to and from school, trying to get dinner ready on time and arranging transportation to and from one activity or another.
On a Saturday afternoon, it will be not only easier to find an empty venue to use for your fundraiser (try a school or church), it will also be easier to get the parents and kids out to your fundraiser if they don't have to contend with work, rushed dinners and team practices.
I realize your youth group is not the next thing in trendy dining, however if your group doesn't have a building or location to use, you will need to locate a very giving citizen to help.
Before you hit the streets to knock on the doors of your friendly neighborhood small businesses, give the location of your fundraiser some thought.
The most ideal place for an event of this kind would be an ice cream shop or restaurant with a lot of cooler space, but how on earth are you going to convince Ivan's Ice Cream Palace to open their doors to your fundraiser?
First, pen down a list of possible locations, and then approach them with your idea. Make sure to stress what a great publicity opportunity that this is for their business.
Call the newspaper and local radio station to cover your event—and their sure to get a plug! Also remind them how important the funds raised will be to your organization.
Sure, you can pay for all of the needed materials and ice cream for your social out of your organization's funds, but why do that when there are so many gracious sponsors willing to help?
Many local businesses—such as an ice cream store—will be willing to sponsor your event by donating ice cream and cones if you agree to either market their business or split the profits.
For example, Ivan's Ice Cream Palace might agree to donate all of the ice cream and cones towards your event, if you agree to split the profits 50/50. So for every $2 cone sold, you each get $1.
On the other hand, Ivan may be feeling really gracious and offer up a 2 hour window where all sales go towards your fundraiser—if you agree to use napkins with the store name.
Either way it's a win-win situation for both parties.
Be sure to advertise your Ice Cream Social, not only with the public you want in attendance, but also with the parents of your group so they can help out during the event. Give one month notice at least, and remind them again 1 week prior to the event in order to ensure that you have enough volunteers.
The best way to enlist volunteers is by sending home a flyer with the kids, putting it on your organization's website, or putting it in the monthly parent newsletter. Once you have your volunteers, contact them by phone to ensure their attendance.
Lastly, the key to the success of your Ice Cream Social is getting the word out. Contact the local media—newspaper, radio and television—to enlist their help in spreading the word.


A total of 28 OeAW institutes are engaged in basic research of international standing in a variety of disciplines, all with the aim of producing new and innovative insights.
The high quality of this research activity is evidenced by a number of internationally renowned publications, a strong track record in acquiring research grants, successful scientific conferences and important awards. Regular evaluation procedures also ensure that the research conducted at the individual institutes fulfils the criteria of international research standards.


To be familiar with what may well be the top Vega Protein Reviews complement for yourself, you have to recognize what protein is and what resources can be found for you.
Protein is one of 6 vital vitamins and minerals that our bodies need to have to be able to grown and remain balanced. Sad to say, our bodies are unable to develop these vitamins themselves and therefore we need to get them within the foodstuff we take in and drink.
There are many naturally taking place resources of protein, meat remaining certainly one of the most beneficial but not he just one. Eggs, milk, cheese, beans, nuts are all very good resources of protein. But regardless of these many resources of good protein, the fashionable food plan generally leaves us wanting protein so we now have to turn to health supplements.
Whey protein – acquired for a by-product of the cheese earning procedure it's the hottest just one used by bodybuilders and energy exercisers to develop and retain muscle mass tissue.
Soy protein – typically referred to as the subsequent best protein resource to meat, it is actually derived with the soy plant and experiments guidance its declare to maintaining HDL cholesterol and decreasing LDL cholesterol.
Egg Protein – is contained only during the white of the eggs which is regarded as an exceedingly great type of normal protein. Health supplements are made from egg whites only so that you obtain the benefit of your protein without the draw back from the cholesterol in the egg yoke.
Casein Protein – is an additional excellent supply of protein and has the additional benefit of quite gradual digestion and it is claimed being effective for 6 to 7 hours.
Whey / Soy Isolate Protein – this can be a a lot more very concentrated form of whey or soy protein. They may include nearly 98% protein as versus 85% for the considerably less concentrated version.
Protein dietary supplements are most frequently used by bodybuilders or electricity exercisers simply because they will need the additional power. Although the best protein nutritional supplements also can be accustomed to simply balance your diet regime in case you usually are not in a position to adequately balance it by choosing the proper mixture of food items. On the other hand, be cautious, while you may have way too much of a good factor. A correct quantity of protein will cause wholesome bones, hair, muscle mass and pores and skin but when the body has also much protein it ought to eliminate it which can place a pressure on crucial organs which include your kidneys or liver. As normal, usually consult with your health practitioner prior to using any health supplements.
This entry was posted in Category and tagged best tasting plant based protein powder, top protein powders, vega powder on September 12, 2018 by admin.


The original higher quality version of the Ufo in West Midlands UK came out today - it still looks like a good fake to me but i decided to post it as this video made the rounds in the media.
The ufo flips over at the end. The jets do not slow down. And if it's the same two jets they sure made a fast turnaround. Seems to me at this point in the game , it's time to shoot the ufo's down.
Fake video. The jets are F-16's and the UK does not have these aircraft.
Two little green aliens are hidden in the first second of the video.
They can be seen next to the truck.
This is not the first video this CGI student made.
In the first fly by from right to left when the jets are at the left side of the screen the jets are spliced in with two different. first far away from the viewer and then make a jump and are much closer.
Def fake. the planes turn around much too fast and, well generally it doesn't sell as real.
Attn: hoaxers , you are dealing with people that pick stuff apart , so putting these hoaxes on this web site is stupid on your part. O yea you can make the perfect hoax , what will that prove? In your mind every thing , in reality , nothing.
Totally rendered, trucks and all. It's pretty impressive in that sense, but still not convincing in the least.


"Clear" braces serve as a cosmetic alternative to traditional metal braces by blending in more with the natural color of the teeth or having a less conspicuous or hidden appearance. Typically, these brackets are made of ceramic or plastic materials and function in a similar manner to traditional metal brackets. Clear elastic ties and white metal ties are available to be used with these clear braces to help keep the appliances less conspicuous. Clear braces have a higher component of friction and tend to be more brittle than metal braces. This can make removing the appliances at the end of treatment more difficult and time consuming.
Progressive, clear removable aligners (examples of which are Invisalign , Originator, ClearCorrect) may be used to gradually move teeth into their final positions. Aligners are generally not used for complex orthodontic cases, such as when extractions, jaw surgery, or palate expansion are necessary.
Your scheduled appointment time has been reserved specifically for you. We request 24-hours notice if you need to cancel your appointment. We are aware that unforeseen events sometimes require missing an appointment, and appreciate your cooperation. We would like to offer after school appointments to everyone. However, there are not enough of these later hours to go around. To help treatment progress quickly, please remember: • Typically, appointment intervals will be between 4-6 weeks, but there may be instances during treatment that require you to be seen in shorter intervals. • Longer appointments are scheduled in early morning to midday when the patient is fresh. The more difficult appointments are much easier if the patient is not tired from a busy day. • School authorities regard orthodontic appointments as excused absences. Please note that school excuses are only provided to the patient with an appointment on that specific day and will not be provided to siblings and/or friends. • If an appointment is missed or changed on short notice, a new appointment will need to be rescheduled as soon as possible, within the constraints of our schedule. Missed appointments will prolong treatment. • Our goal is to be on time for each and every patient; therefore, late arrivals can pose a problem. In fairness to other patients, we may need to reschedule or alter the amount of work planned for that appointment.


The hotel Printania is located close the entrance of the Sanctuary of our Lady of Lourdes (5 minutes' walk).
This hotel is labeled Tourism & handicap for the 4 disabilities (mental, motor, auditory and visual).
MOTO MAG hotel (welcome to the bikers) and one of the best addresses of National Federation of French cycling (cyclists are welcome).
It is also the only hotel in Lourdes to offer two charging points for electric and hybrid vehicles (referenced CHARGE MAP).
Facilities: Lift, Bar, Wifi, TV, continental breakfast, restaurant, private garage.
We are looking forward to welcome you during the Jubilee of Mercy in 2016.


Today I'm thankful for my blog.
I am thankful I have such a fun and creative outlet for my writing skills. I love to write. Since I was in 7th grade I wanted to be a writer. I graduated college with a Bachelors in English with a writing concentration and now I am putting that passion to good use by writing about my other loves… my family, my mom experiences, my talent for decorating and organization, and my desire to serve others.
I am thankful that the blog holds me accountable to doing more hands-on activities with my boys. I can very easily put off doing crafts and activities because I don't care for the preparation or clean-up of it. So having you all to write and share these activities with, gives me extra motivation in actually doing them.
I am thankful for all you readers. I appreciate your comments and thoughts and feedback. I appreciate knowing you are there to read and share this family's journey of making over our hearts and our home.


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text:
" > GIST – MAKHITS.COM
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Apple crisp has been part of my life for as long as I can remember, and to me, the best apple crisp recipe in the world is one that includes nuts and cinnamon in the buttery, crumbly topping.
Apple pie-style desserts are beloved throughout the world. In Germany, sliced apples are boiled with water, cinnamon, and sugar until soft, then piled into puffed pastry and baked into an apple pocket known as Apfeltasche. Biting through the shatteringly crisp pastry into tender, spiced apples is sheer pleasure, especially when dipped in a thick custard first.
In Italy, apples are celebrated in a crostata di mele, or apple tart. The base is a rich pate brisée, a short cut pastry that does not rise when baked. This is topped with frangipane, which is almond paste mixed with sugar, butter, and eggs and, if you fancy it, thinned with liqueur. Thinly sliced apples are added next, arranged in beautiful concentric circles. The whole luscious concoction is baked in the oven, then brushed with an apricot glaze before serving.
In France, French Apple Cake, Gâteau aux Pommes, is simple divinity. Peeled and diced apples are folded into a tender batter flavored with lashings of dark rum, baked until the surface caramelizes, then served warm with a hearty dollop of crème fraiche.
Arepas Dulces con Manzanas, Sweet Arepas with Caramelized Apples, is an exquisite dessert from Columbia. Pure comfort food, it is essentially made of cornmeal crepes spiced with cinnamon and sugar and deep fried until crispy and fragrant. These delectable morsels are then topped with apples that have been cooked in butter, sugar, and cinnamon until soft, tender, and beautifully browned.
And of course, we must not forget American apple pie. Sturdy cooking apples are cored, peeled, and sliced into thin wedges, then layered into a pie pan lined with a flaky, buttery pie crust. The filling is dotted with butter, sprinkled with cinnamon, and encased in another layer of pie crust. At this point the crusts are pinched together securely to seal the edges, pierced on top to allow steam to vent while baking, and, sometimes, decorated fancily with pastry leaves, pastry flowers, or the pastry initials of someone special. Brushed with an egg wash and sprinkled with white sugar to give added sparkle and crunch, the pie is baked to perfection, then served warm with vanilla ice cream.
One of the easiest apple recipes is apple crisp, and it is simplicity itself to serve up the best apple crisp recipe in the world.
I start with good apples, crisp and ripe, cored, peeled, and thinly sliced. I fry them up in a generous amount of salted butter with cinnamon and dark brown sugar or honey until they have taken on the first hints of caramelization. Then I pour them into a baking dish, sprinkle a mixture of rolled oats, walnuts, salted butter, dark brown sugar, and cinnamon, and bake until the topping is toasted beautifully. It's best served warm with vanilla ice cream.
Peel, core, and thinly slice cooking apples. Set aside.
In large frying pan, melt 2 tablespoons of butter over medium heat. Add honey or brown sugar and stir until melted. Add all the apple slices. Stir gently until apples are coated with butter mixture, then leave to cook, stirring occasionally, for 5-10 minutes until apples are slightly browned and beginning to soften.
In small bowl, mix together remaining ingredients until crumbly. Set aside.
Remove apples from heat and pour into heavy-bottomed casserole dish. Sprinkle topping evenly over the apples. Place in oven and bake for 20-30 minutes until apples are tender and the topping is lightly toasted.
Serve warm with custard, heavy cream, or ice cream.
Canadian born Krista Bjorn has been traveling and exploring for over 20 years and loves every crazy, embarrassing, and wonderful moment. She's lived in Russia and Portugal and now makes her home in beautiful Queensland, Australia, saving her pennies for her next trip. Her food, photography and travel blog is Rambling Tart.


text:
Q: Erroneous array reading inside a thread I Have a multi-threaded C program where I have 4 threads doing some arithmetic computations using some global arrays. here is example of the code.
__m256 *array_1;
__m256 *array_2;
__m256 *array_3;
#define ALIGNMENT 32
#define SIMD_STEP 8

void Init_arrays()
{
   int i;
   posix_memalign((void**) &array_1, ALIGNMENT, 32*sizeof(__m256));
   posix_memalign((void**) &array_2, ALIGNMENT, 4 *sizeof(__m256));
   posix_memalign((void**) &array_3, ALIGNMENT, 2 *sizeof(__m256));

   for(i=0;i < 256; i+= SIMD_STEP)
   {
       // Filling array for the 1st stage
   }
   for(i=0;i < 64; i+= SIMD_STEP)
   {
       // Filling array for the 2nd stage
   }
   for(i=0;i < 16; i+= SIMD_STEP)
   {
       // Filling array for the 3rd stage
   }
}

void *routine(void *thread_info)
{
  int n;
  unsigned t_start,t_stop;
  unsigned ind1, ind2, ind3;
  float *arr_in , *arr_out;
  struct thread_data *mydata;

  mydata = (struct thread_data*) thread_info;
  t_start = mydata->start;
  t_stop  = mydata->stop;
  arr_in  = mydata->input;
  arr_out = mydata->output;

  for (n = t_start; n < t_stop; n += 8)
  {
    ind1 = 256 + n;
    ind2 = 512 + n;

    vec_a = _mm256_load_ps((float *) (&arr_in[n   ]) );
    vec_b = _mm256_load_ps((float *) (&arr_in[ind1]) );
    vec_c = _mm256_load_ps((float *) (&arr_in[ind2]) );

    T_fac1 = array_1[n];
    T_fac2 = array_2[n];
    T_fac3 = array_3[n];
    // print data 'printf()'

    // further computations

    _mm256_store_ps((float *) (&arr_out[n   ]), (vec_a) );
    _mm256_store_ps((float *) (&arr_out[ind1]), (vec_b) );
    _mm256_store_ps((float *) (&arr_out[ind2]), (vec_c) );
  }
  pthread_exit(NULL);
}

void foo(float* in,float* out)
{
  unsigned t,i=0;
  for(t=0;t<256;t+=64)
  {
     thread_data_array[i].start    = t;
     thread_data_array[i].stop = t+QUARTER;
     thread_data_array[i].input    = in;
     thread_data_array[i].output   = out;
     pthread_create(&threads[i],NULL,routine,(void*)&thread_data_array[i]);
     i++;
  }
    for(i=0; i<NUM_THREADS; i++)
    {
       int rc = pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
       if (rc)
       {
           fprintf(stderr, "failed to join thread #%u - %s\n",i, strerror(rc));
       }
    }
}

int main()
{
  float *data1;
  float *data2;

  posix_memalign((void**)&data1, 32, 1024 * sizeof(float));
  posix_memalign((void**)&data2, 32, 1024 * sizeof(float));

  Load_inputs(reals,imags);//load data into the two arrays
  Init_arrays();
  // print data 'printf()'
  foo(data1,data2);
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }

For some reason reading from the array_1 for example doesnt work as it should be inside the thread, and I did not know the reason behind it. Here is display of the array_1 as it should be
     Display from the main                Display from the thread
RE = 1.000000    IM = -0.000000     RE = 1.000000    IM = -0.000000
RE = 0.999981    IM = -0.006136     RE = 0.399624    IM = 0.671559
RE = 0.999925    IM = -0.012272     RE = 0.416430    IM = 0.634393
RE = 0.999831    IM = -0.018407     RE = 0.433094    IM = 0.595699
RE = 0.999699    IM = -0.024541     RE = 0.449612    IM = 0.555570
RE = 0.999529    IM = -0.030675     RE = 0.465977    IM = 0.514103
RE = 0.999322    IM = -0.036807     RE = 0.482184    IM = 0.471397
RE = 0.999078    IM = -0.042938     RE = 0.498228    IM = 0.427555
RE = 0.998795    IM = -0.049068     // the same
RE = 0.998476    IM = -0.055195     // the same
RE = 0.998118    IM = -0.061321     // the same
RE = 0.997723    IM = -0.067444     // the same
RE = 0.997290    IM = -0.073565     // the same
RE = 0.996820    IM = -0.079682     // the same
RE = 0.996313    IM = -0.085797     // the same
RE = 0.995767    IM = -0.091909     // the same

Could somebody know what is the reason behind this erroneous results?

A: Given
__m256 *array_1;
__m256 *array_2;
__m256 *array_3;
#define ALIGNMENT 32
#define SIMD_STEP 8

void Init_arrays()
{
   int i;
   posix_memalign((void**) &array_1, ALIGNMENT, 32*sizeof(__m256));
   posix_memalign((void**) &array_2, ALIGNMENT, 4 *sizeof(__m256));
   posix_memalign((void**) &array_3, ALIGNMENT, 2 *sizeof(__m256));
       .
       .
       .

This loop references array elements that are way out of range:
for (n = t_start; n < t_stop; n += 8)
{
    .
    .
    .
   T_fac1 = array_1[n];
   T_fac2 = array_2[n];
   T_fac3 = array_3[n];

array_3  has all of two members: 2 *sizeof(__m256) yet the index is incremented by eight?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A complaint is the document that states the basis of the plaintiff's lawsuit. There are two different standards for complaints: notice pleading and code pleading. Notice pleading merely puts the defendant on notice of the plaintiff's complaint. Code pleading must plead sufficient facts to state a claim. California is a code pleading jurisdiction.
Federal courts are a notice pleading jurisdiction. However, under the two cases Twombly and Iqbal, Federal complaint standard requires something than mere notice. Indeed, the complaint must state a claim for relief that is plausible. Plausible is closer to likely than merely possible.
When evaluating whether a complaint pleads sufficient facts, a Federal Court performs a two-step analysis. First, the court looks at all facts plead. Only facts plead with sufficient detail are entitled to a presumption of truth. Threadbare facts are mere recitations of the elements. Threadbare facts are not considered by the court. Second, once the court has established which facts merit the presumption of truth, the court considers whether those facts are sufficient to state a claim for relief and thus survive a motion to dismiss.


Tecan Group Ltd.. (9/3/18). "Press Release: Tecan Successfully Completes the Acquisition of NuGen Technologies". Männedorf.
Organisation 2 NuGen Technologies Inc.
The Tecan Group (SIX Swiss Exchange: TECN) announced today that it has successfully completed the acquisition of NuGEN Technologies, Inc. (NuGEN) on August 31, 2018. On August 16, 2018, Tecan announced the acquisition of US-based NuGEN to further expand Tecan's dedicated solutions offering into the new market segment of next-generation sequencing (NGS) reagents and thus further increasing Tecan's overall recurring revenues. NuGEN is a leading provider for innovative NGS kits and genomic sample preparation solutions for the fastest growing field within the genomics area.
From September 1, 2018, NuGEN will be included in the consolidated financial statements of the Tecan Group as a part of the Life Sciences Business segment.


text:
Sarcococca ruscifolia (野扇花) is a species of flowering plant in the box family Buxaceae, native to China (Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shanxi, Sichuan, C, NW, and SE Yunnan), where it inhabits forested mountain slopes. Growing to  tall and broad, it is a compact evergreen shrub with shiny oval leaves. Fragrant white flowers in winter are followed by red berries.

The Latin specific epithet ruscifolia means "with leaves like Ruscus (butcher's broom)",.

Sarcococca ruscifolia is cultivated as an ornamental plant. It is hardy down to  but prefers a sheltered spot in full or partial shade. The cultivar 'Dragon Gate' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

References

ruscifolia
Flora of China

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Чарли Дин (урождённый Матоуш Кахль) — чешский порноактёр и эротическая модель.

Биография
Родился 6 декабря 1993 года в Либереце.

В порно снимается с 2013 года. Бисексуал, участвует в сценах секса как с женщинами, так и с мужчинами.

В 2019 году получил свою первую награду AVN. Известен также под псевдонимами: Андреас Ратто, Чарльз, Чарльз Дин, Джейс Рид, Марек Проходил, Мэтти, Мэтти Уайлди, Михаил.

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GayVN Awards
2019
 Номинация: Лучшая сцена бисексуального секса, Bi Surprise 3 (2018)

XBIZ Award
2020
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XBIZ Europa Award
2019
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Примечания

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Порноактёры Чехии
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text:
Making Sense of the War (Sweden)
By Anne Hedén
PDF EPUB KINDLE Print
This text gives a brief overview of the Swedish intellectual, literary and media responses to the war, and also of the Swedish responses to the new peacetime order in Europe. By the end of 1918, Swedish neutrality was often perceived within domestic discourse as representing a development where, in spite of being a small regional power, Sweden exercised a strong influence due to the country's peace building efforts, extended civil rights and humanitarian orientation. In practice, however, this new humanitarian neutrality was an ambiguous phenomenon, and in the interwar period Sweden returned to its earlier isolationism.
1 The Meanings of War
2 Mental Mobilisation: Neutrality and Allies
3 Intellectual Responses
4 Understanding the War: Press, Propaganda, Censorship and Popular Culture
5 Sweden's Role as a Neutral Country
6 Humanitarian Sweden: A Paradox
7 The Legacy
The Meanings of War ↑
In the Swedish context, one of the main challenges of the First World War was how to understand the issue of neutrality, an area of ongoing contention primarily between the right wing and the workers movement. A parallel process was how the frameworks of national identity and citizenship were renegotiated during the war period, firstly by the breakthrough of parliamentarism in 1917 and then following general suffrage implemented in Sweden shortly after the war ended.
When the First World War started, the Scandinavian countries declared themselves neutral.[1] Like Denmark and Norway, Sweden had a largely export-based economy. Sweden's biggest trading partners were Great Britain and Germany. For most of the war period, Sweden excercised "benevolent neutrality" towards Germany.[2]
While the more moderate right wing held on to the neutrality policy, albeit with distinct good will towards the Central Powers, the more radical activists to the right advocated Swedish participation in the war by the side of Germany, thereby trying to secure a more prominent position for Sweden in post-war Europe.
Sympathy for the Entente powers was greater among the liberals and the moderate socialists. In the socialist camp in general, criticism of the war was widespread, with a pronounced anti-militarism in both the moderate and the radical workers movement.[3] Among those who were critical of the war was also the majority of the womens' movement, which included radical socialists, pacifists and Entente-sympathizers, who organized a campaign against the war in 1915, known as the Women's Peace Sunday (Kvinnornas fredssöndag).[4]
Mental Mobilisation: Neutrality and Allies↑
Swedish neutrality was not a homogeneous phenomenon. For example, organising help for the exposed areas in Eastern Prussia was a concern mainly for the pro-German set, while the humanitarian campaign for Belgium, conducted by the womens' magazine Idun, became a project chiefly for leftist Liberals and Social Democrats. Some other humanitarian projects, like supporting Poland and Lithuania – not yet nation states – were slightly less politicised, and gathered support from both camps.[5]
According to historian Lina Sturfelt, a tragic narrative of the war was more common in Sweden than in many other countries, where the narrative of war as a disaster mainly developed after the great battles of Verdun and Somme in 1916.[6] In addition, pacifist advocacy at the beginning of the war was not as suppressed in Sweden as in other countries, while aggressive nationalism was in general a bit more subdued.
A group whose political standpoints were not always publicly expressed, but which were dictated by the need to keep trade and production going, were the industrialists and financiers. They made a discreet but profund impact in the political sphere through their informal networks among both the government and the opposition in both chambers of parliament – especially when, in 1917, import was restricted because of the British blockade of goods to the neutral countries. The blockade led to escalating political mobilisation on the part of the workers movement, considerable social unrest and also greater influence on behalf of the industralists in the political sphere, after the shift in government in March 1917.[7]
Intellectual Responses ↑
While the political establishment - conservatives, liberals and socialist alike - did not want Sweden to join the belligerents, the activist circles, and among them some prominent academics, regarded it as Sweden's historical mission to support Germany in the war. One example was the well-known right wing political scientist Rudolf Kjellén (1864–1922), who, together with other prominent conservatives, claimed that Russia had for a long time been preparing an attack on Germany and Austria-Hungary.[8] Another was the famous explorer, author and activist Sven Hedin (1865–1952) who not only took part in writing pamphlets on the need for the armament of the Swedish military but also, in 1914–1915, went on reporting trips to the fronts and published lengthy books on his experiences, and of the heroism of the German nation. Hedin often, in his texts, connected the German war campaign with Swedish warfare in the 17th century, when Sweden was one of the great powers in Europe. His main message was that Germany had taken the torch from Sweden in battling Russian expansionism.[9]
This vision of a Great Swedish past being resurrected during the world war also influenced the activists who supported the magazine Svensk lösen (Swedish Salute). Several of these activists also contributed opinion articles in the conservative press. Not all the activists, however, belonged to the far right circles: even some German-friendly Social Democrats contributed to the most widely discussed activist pamphlet at the time, Svensk utrikespolitik i världskrigets belysning (Swedish Foreign Policy in the Perspective of the World War), published in 1915.[10]
In the liberal camp, one of the prominent war reporters was the journalist and author Gustaf Hellström (1882-1953) who wrote features from the French home front and frontlines for the liberal Dagens Nyheter (The Daily News), where he forcefully questioned the then ubiquitous idea of war as an invigorating process for Western civilisation.[11] The radical author and feminist Marika Stiernstedt (1875-1954) wrote reports from the French front in much the same manner as Sven Hedin on the German side, but from a radical perspective. She also published novels about the war period.[12] Literary scholar Sofi Qvarnström points out the main themes in the writings of the women war critics in the Swedish literary circles at the time. These authors endeavoured in their books to depict the conflicting views on the war: armament supporters against peace advocates, supporters of democracy against the aristocracy, social liberalism against conservatism and, and also the socialist ideas of a new society against the enthusiasm of the conservative elites for imperial Germany.[13]
Understanding the War: Press, Propaganda, Censorship and Popular Culture↑
The start of the war created disquiet also in Sweden, which led to people stockpiling foodstuffs and withdrawing their savings from the banks. Nevertheless, many articles and features in the Swedish press also expressed an optimistic, almost excited attitude about the war.[14] The Swedish public understood the war in a variety of ways: as a disastrous scourge, a heroic fairtytale, a tragedy, or simply as a meaningless industrial slaughter, where optimistic interpretations became increasingly subdued as the conflict wore on.[15]
Prior to the conflict, there was increasing public interest in the popular culture of war and warfare. According to literary historian Claes Ahlund, this could be explained by the changes in power balance and the arms race escalating in Europe after the Franco-Prussian War in 1870–1871. The outbreak of war in 1914 also created demand from the general public for information on military matters, maps, parlour games, photographs and books.[16] Popular genres were patriotic poetry and the invasion narrative in novels and short stories of the time. Ahlund refers to what he calls a "mental militarization" and points out that this was a process taking place also in neutral countries like Sweden.[17] One example of news reporting and fictionalised narratives merging into one another during the first period of the war was a series of popular adventure novels, produced for the broader public by the character Radscha, aka Iwan Aminoff (1868–1928). Aminoff was a journalist and an author of popular novels and his pro-German books were advertised as objective and correct depictions of the war process.[18]
Until the outbreak of the First World War, news about foreign affairs had received limited attention in the Swedish press. Once the war had started, news reporting from abroad gained a new standing and the big newspapers began to send regular correspondents to the belligerent nations and to the frontlines.[19] In the weeklies and the womens' magazines, the war was vividly captured in drawings and painted scenarios. In the cinemas, newsreels featuring the main events of the war were important sources of information.[20]
In general, the degree of state intervention in the cultural sphere increased during the war, not least when it came to issues of information and propaganda, where one important goal was to protect the export industry.[21] In the name of neutrality, communication between the wartime government and the media was all about keeping a balance in the information process; the Foreign Office dictated a "duty of neutrality" to the press, which meant that the telegrams and news from the belligerent countries were to be given an equal amount of space and attention. The Foreign Secretary in the government of Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862-1953), Knut Wallenberg (1853–1938), along with the Prime Minister, directed a plea to the most prominent Swedish newspaper editors, including those who were German-friendly, to ensure a balance in their news reporting. The government also intervened against certain articles and telegrams deemed as politically inappropriate, and even cooperated with a Danish news agency in order to modify or censor telegrams from Sweden – for example on the issue of the hunger protests in 1917.[22] However, German war propaganda had strong advocates in the conservative press. In Sweden, a pro-German news agency translated and distributed articles from the German press to local Swedish papers. Most prominent of the conservative pro-German dailies was the evening paper Aftonbladet (The Evening Paper), of which the greater part of the shares in 1915 were sold to the German government; a fact unknown to the Swedish public. Not satisfied with the media situation in general, the Social Democrats started their own news agency in 1915.[23]
The Entente also took part in the propaganda warfare. In September 1917, the British revealed that the German mission in Argentina had used Swedish diplomatic channels for messages concerning German military actions. The timing of the disclosure had an impact on the result in the following Swedish elections, after which a coalition of Social Democrats and Liberals formed government.[24]
An example of increased public interest in the war reporting and of the political polarization taking place in Sweden during the world war was the media coverage of the civil war in Finland in the spring of 1918, and the many articles on the volunteer corps, the Swedish Brigade and the Swedish humanitarian help expeditions. The papers of the radical left wing in the workers movement published articles in favour of the Reds, while the Social Democratic Party dailies saw the Whites as the legal side but criticized their brutality, thereby distancing themselves from the conservative press.
Poet and journalist Walter Hülphers (1871–1957) published a book about his experiences with the Swedish Brigade, where he, like Sven Hedin, invoked the Swedish heroic narrative from the Great Power-period. However, he was also more ambivalent towards the increasing German influence in Finland, labelling the Finns – Reds and Whites alike – Mongolian, meaning an inferior race in terms of character.[25] The journalist Ernst Klein (1887–1937) who worked as a war correspondent for Svenska Dagbladet (The Swedish Daily Paper) also published a book in 1918 where he gave a more critical view of the civil war. While sympathizing with the Whites, he still criticized their brutal treatment of the Reds in the aftermath of the conflict.[26]
Sweden's Role as a Neutral Country↑
In international debate, the neutrality concept had been established in 1907 in the context of the conventions of The Hague. Even before the First World War, two different interpretations of the neutrality concept had been developing in Sweden, according to historian Bo Stråth: one that defined neutrality as a vehicle for disarmament, the other as a defence doctrine, where a strong army was the guarantee for upholding neutrality.[27] Lina Sturfelt has identified different ways of relating to Swedish neutrality in popular culture during the First World War. The first saw Swedish neutrality as being a consequence of the fear of war and an indifference to the suffering of others rather than the characteristic of a peace-loving country.[28] The second translated neutrality into an isolationist, introverted and self-sufficient small state position in the midst of the global storm. The third image was that of a modernized, updated Grand Swedish position where Sweden was perceived as a morally great power and an arbiter of peace. What these divergent interpretations of neutrality had in common was an understanding of Sweden as different from the rest of Europe.[29]
Humanitarian Sweden: A Paradox↑
During the war, Swedish neutrality had generally come to be defined as a special path, where the relative peacefulness of Swedish society was what made Sweden significant. At the same time, towards the end of the war, turbulent developments in the region created new areas of humanitarian responsibilities for Sweden to be involved in, which further contributed to Swedish notions of exceptionalism. The Red Cross delegate Elsa Brändström (1888–1948) became an important exponent of this re-defined Swedish self-image: as a nurse she worked with various humanitarian projects, and took part in the Red Cross exchange of the injured and wounded prisoners of war between Russia and the Central Powers. Until 1921, she worked in the big refugee camps in Russia as a representative of the Red Cross and later, when living in the USA, helped Jewish refugees from Germany. Elsa Brändström was, according to Sturfelt, often characterized as a true Carolinian soldier, but was at the same time also seen as a representative of a new Grand Swedishness, where the idea of Sweden as a great humanitarian power had come to replace ideas of expansionism and violent conquest.[30]
This modernized Swedish self-image was, however, ambivalent in governmental practice, especially when it came to the issue of citizenship. Due to the war situation in Russia and the Baltic region, many migrants came to Sweden. Some were on their way to other countries, some hoped to stay. This caused disquiet and suspicion and the parliament passed new laws to regulate immigration. There was also increasing surveillance and control of immigrants and a more extensive list of requirements was passed for those applying for Swedish citizenship. When the breakdown in Germany paved the way for general suffrage in Sweden (proposed in 1919, first elections in 1921) and citizenship in this way became more inclusive, it also – due to the creation of a stricter immigration and refugee legislation – became more difficult to claim citizenship or the right to residence in Sweden. Control of immigration increased and continued in the same way when the war was over; it was further extended and became even more stringent in the interwar period. New practices and procedures were finally codified in 1927 in the Aliens Act, when the visa system was replaced by labour and residence permits. Indeed, Swedish immigration policy could be summed up by the right wing slogan of the time, "Sweden for the Swedes".[31]
The Legacy↑
Swedish newspaper reports of the Armistice in November 1918 give evidence of some moderate and cautious hopes for a lasting peace as well as some serious concerns about the situation in Germany and the civil war in Russia.
In the Swedish historical narrative, the modernization of society has often been connected to the workers movement and the Social Democatic dominance during the Folkhem (Peoples' home) period when progress, social welfare, neutrality and humanitarian missions became defining traits. The ongoing scholarly discussion has, however, pointed out that this definition is too narrow. Sturfelt and others have for example dated the starting point of the modern Grand Swedish narrative somewhat earlier, emanating in the period of the First World War.[32] Sweden, as well as the other Scandinavian countries, became a member of the League of Nations from its establishment in 1920, and remained a member until 1938; in spite of the fact that the Åland issue, settled in 1921, was not resolved to Sweden's advantage. This way of taking part in the international security system made it possible for Sweden to reduce military spending and engage in peace building efforts. In the 1930s the League of Nations was weakened through a series of international crises. In 1938, Sweden, Norway and Denmark withdrew from the organisation, and by this time Sweden as a nation had returned to a more strictly neutral position.
In the interwar period, the memory of the Great War as an industrialised, dehumanizing and cruel struggle became more dominant in Swedish public discourse, at the expense of other narratives.[33] Geopolitical perspectives had also changed; Europe was by now perceived as more distant from Sweden and Scandinavia – a reflection of the increasing European tensions of the time, and of growing Swedish isolationism.
Anne Hedén, Södertörn University
Section Editor: Lina Sturfelt
↑ Hobson, Rolf et al.: "Introduction", in Ahlund, Claes (ed.), Scandinavia in the First World War. Studies in the War Experience of the Northern Neutrals, Lund 2012, pp. 11, 23.
↑ Sturfelt, Lina: Eldens återsken. Första världskriget i svensk föreställningsvärld [Reflections of Fire. Images of the First World War in Sweden], Diss., Lund, 2008, p. 34.
↑ Ahlund, Claes: Diktare i krig. K.G. Ossiannilsson, Bertil Malmberg och Ture Nerman från debuten till 1920 [Poets at War. K.G. Ossiannilsson, Bertil Malmberg och Ture Nerman from the Debute to 1920], Hedemora 2007, p. 47f.
↑ Oredsson, Sverker: Nils Edén: Demokratins statsminister [Nils Edén: Prime Minister of Democracy], Stockholm 2017, p. 197.
↑ Fabiansson, Nils: Svenskarna i första världskriget [The Swedes in the First World War], Stockholm 2018, pp. 85-88, 98f.
↑ Sturfelt, Eldens återsken 2008, p. 139.
↑ Söderpalm, Sven Anders: Wallenberg och Branting [Wallenberg and Branting], Lund, 1970, pp. 209-214.
↑ Ahlund, Diktare i krig 2007, p. 50.
↑ Hedin, Sven: Kriget mot Ryssland. Minnen från fronten i öster mars–augusti 1915 [The War against Russia. Memories from the Eastern Front March–August 1915], Stockholm 1915.
↑ Kihlberg, Mats/Söderlind, Donald: Två studier i svensk konservatism 1916–1922 [Two Studies in Swedish Conservatism 1916–1922], Stockholm, 1961, p. 9.
↑ Leopold, Lennart/Persson, Roland: Världsreportern från Kristianstad: kring Gustaf Hellströms journalistik i Dagens Nyheter [The World Reporter from Kristianstad: the Journalism of Gustaf Hellström in The Daily News], Visby 2015, p. 116f.
↑ Fabiansson, Svenskarna i första världskriget 2018, p. 79.
↑ Qvarnström, Sofi: Motståndets berättelser: Elin Wägner, Anna Lenah Elgström, Marika Stiernstedt och första världskriget [Narratives of Resistance. Elin Wägner, Anna Lenah Elgström, Marika Stiernstedt and the First World War], Diss. Hedemora 2009, pp. 345ff.
↑ Ahlund, Diktare i krig 2007, pp. 43, 51.
↑ Ahlund, Claes: Underhållning och propaganda. Radschas (Iwan Aminoffs) romaner om första världskriget 1914–1915 [Entertainment and Propaganda. Radschas (Iwan Aminoff's) First World War Novels 1914–1915], Uppsala 2010, pp. 23, 27-28.
↑ Ahlund, Diktare i krig 2007, pp. 41f, 44.
↑ Ahlund, Underhållning och propaganda 2010, pp. 28-31.
↑ Lundström, Gunilla/Rydén, Per/Sandlund, Elisabeth (eds.): Den svenska pressens historia. 3, Det moderna Sveriges spegel (1897–1945) [The History of the Swedish Press 3, Mirroring Modern Sweden (1897–1945)], Stockholm 2001, pp. 120ff.
↑ Rohdin, Mats: "När kriget kom till Sverige: Första världskriget 1914-1918 på bioduken" [When the War Came to Sweden: The First World War 1914-1918 on screen], online: http://biblis.se/digitalt-arkiv/biblis-68/ (retrieved 17 October 2018).
↑ Kilander, Svenbjörn: Censur och propaganda: svensk informationspolitik under 1900-talets första decennier [Censorship and propaganda: Swedish Information Policy in the Early Decades of the Twentieth Century], Diss. Uppsala 1981, p. 189f.
↑ Hadenius, Stig: Modern svensk politisk historia. Konflikt och samförstånd [Modern Swedish History. Conflict and Consensus], Stockholm 2008, p. 47f.
↑ Lundström/Rydén/Sandlund: Den svenska pressens historia 2001, pp. 123-126.
↑ Hadenius, Modern svensk politisk historia 2008, p. 42f.
↑ Hülphers, Walter: Med svenska brigaden. Personliga upplevelser [With the Swedish Brigade. Personal Experiences], Stockholm 1918.
↑ Klein, Ernst: Vita och röda. En bok om sista finska kriget [Whites and Reds. A Book about the Last Finnish War], Stockholm 1918.
↑ Stråth, Bo: Folkhemmet mot Europa. Ett historiskt perspektiv på 90-talet [The People's Home against Europe. A Historical Perspective on the 1990s], Stockholm 1993, p. 185f.
↑ Ibid., p. 215f.
↑ Sturfelt, Eldens återsken 2008, p. 217f.
↑ Hammar, Tomas: Sverige åt svenskarna. Invandringspolitik, utlänningskontroll och asylrätt 1900–1932 [Sweden for the Swedes. Migration Politics, Aliens Control and the Right to Asylum, 1900–1932], Diss. Stockholm 1964, pp. 394-400.
↑ Sturfelt, Eldens återsken, 2008, p. 255.
↑ Ibid., p. 247.
Ahlund, Claes: Underhållning och propaganda. Radschas (Iwan Aminoffs) romaner om första världskriget 1914-1915 (Entertainment and propaganda. Radscha's (Iwan Aminoff's) First World War novels 1914–1915), Uppsala 2010: Uppsala University.
Gustafsson, Karl Erik / Rydén, Per / Sandlund, Elisabeth et al. (eds.): Den svenska pressens historia. Det moderna Sveriges spegel (1897–1945) (The history of the Swedish press. Mirroring modern Sweden (1897-1945)), volume 3, Stockholm 2001: Ekerlid.
Hammar, Tomas: Sverige åt svenskarna. Invandringspolitik, utlänningskontroll och asylrätt 1900-1932 (Sweden for the Swedes. Migration politics, aliens control and the right to asylum, 1900-1932), thesis, Stockholm 1964: Stockholms universitet.
Hedin, Sven Anders: Kriget mot Ryssland. Minnen från fronten i öster mars-augusti 1915 (The war against Russia. Memories from the Eastern Front March-August 1915), Stockholm 1915: A. Bonnier.
Hülphers, E. Walter: Med Svenska brigaden. Personliga upplevelser under Finlands frihetsstrid 1918 (With the Swedish Brigade. Personal experiences of Finland's freedom struggle 1918), Stockholm 1918: Svithiod.
Klein, Ernst: Vita och röda. En bok om sista finska kriget (Whites and Reds. A book about the last Finnish war), Stockholm 1918: Svenska andelsförlaget.
Qvarnström, Sofi: Motståndets berättelser. Elin Wägner, Anna Lenah Elgström, Marika Stiernstedt och första världskriget (Narratives of resistance. Elin Wägner, Anna Lenah Elgström, Marika Stiernstedt and the First World War), thesis, Hedemora 2009: Gidlund.
Stråth, Bo: Folkhemmet mot Europa. Ett historiskt perspektiv på 90-talet (The People's Home against Europe. A historical perspective on the 1990s), Stockholm 1993: Tiden.
Sturfelt, Lina: Eldens återsken. Första världskriget i svensk föreställningsvärld (Reflections of fire. The First World War in Swedish imagination), Lund 2008: Sekel Förlag.
Hedén, Anne: Making Sense of the War (Sweden) , in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2018-11-16. DOI: 10.15463/ie1418.11316.
This text is licensed under: CC by-NC-ND 3.0 Germany - Attribution, Non-commercial, No Derivative Works.
Culture > Literature and poetry
Culture > Mobilization, cultural > Intellectuals
Culture > Mobilization, cultural > Interpretations of war
Politics, law > International relations > Neutrality
Politics, law > Domestic policy > Suffrage
Politics, law > Institutions > Governments
Politics, law > Institutions > Parliaments
Politics, law > Post-war politics > League of Nations
The media > Press, journalism > War correspondents
The media > Press, journalism > Newspapers
The media > Public opinion
Neutrality; anti-militarism; activism; humanitarianism; state intervention; propaganda
GND Subject Headings
Schweden ; Weltkrieg [1914-1918] ; Öffentliche Meinung
LC Subject Headings
World War, 1914-1918 ; Sweden
Rameau Subject Headings
Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) ; Suède
Elsa Brändström (1888-1948); Ernst Klein (1887-1937); Gustaf Hellström (1882-1953); Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862-1953); Iwan Aminoff (1868-1928); Knut Wallenberg (1853-1938); Marika Stiernstedt (1875-1954); Rudolf Kjellén (1864-1922); Sven Hedin (1865-1952); Walter Hülphers (1871-1957)
Regional Section(s)
Western Europe > Sweden
Thematic Section(s)
Hedén, Anne
Elsa Brändström (1888-1948)
Swedish soldiers
Ernst Klein (1887–1937)