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Treatment outcome of conservative surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy for extremity soft tissue sarcoma
Jieun Lee, Young Je Park, Dae Sik Yang, Won Sup Yoon, Jung Ae Lee, Chai Hong Rim, Chul Yong Kim
DOI : https://doi.org/10.3857/roj.2012.30.2.62
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Radiation Oncology Journal > Volume 30(2); 2012 > Article
Lee, Park, Yang, Yoon, Lee, Rim, and Kim: Treatment outcome of conservative surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy for extremity soft tissue sarcoma
Clinical Investigation
Radiation Oncology Journal 2012; 30(2): 62-69.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3857/roj.2012.30.2.62
Jieun Lee, MD, Young Je Park, MD, Dae Sik Yang, MD, Won Sup Yoon, MD, Jung Ae Lee, MD, Chai Hong Rim, MD, Chul Yong Kim, MD
Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
Correspondence: Chul Yong Kim, MD, Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Medical Center, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
Tel: +82-2-920-5516, Fax: +82-2-927-1419, kcyro@korea.ac.kr
Received April 18, 2012 Revised June 01, 2012 Accepted June 14, 2012
Copyright © 2012. The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology
(open-access, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0):
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
To evaluate the treatment outcome and prognostic factor of postoperative radiotherapy for extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS).
Forty three patients with extremity STS were treated with conservative surgery and postoperative radiotherapy from January 1981 to December 2010 at Korea University Medical Center. Median total 60 Gy (range, 50 to 74.4 Gy) of radiation was delivered and 7 patients were treated with chemotherapy.
The median follow-up period was 70 months (range, 5 to 302 months). Twelve patients (27.9%) sustained relapse of their disease. Local recurrence occurred in 3 patients (7.0%) and distant metastases developed in 10 patients (23.3%). The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 69.2% and disease free survival was 67.9%. The 5-year local relapse-free survival was 90.7% and distant relapse-free survival was 73.3%. On univariate analysis, no significant prognostic factors were associated with development of local recurrence. Histologic grade (p = 0.005) and stage (p = 0.02) influenced the development of distant metastases. Histologic grade was unique significant prognostic factor for the OS on univariate and multivariate analysis. Severe acute treatment-related complications, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 3 or 4, developed in 6 patients (14.0%) and severe late complications in 2 patients (4.7%).
Conservative surgery with postoperative radiotherapy achieved a satisfactory rate of local control with acceptable complication rate in extremity STS. Most failures were distant metastases that correlate with tumor grade and stage. The majority of local recurrences developed within the field. Selective dose escalation of radiotherapy or development of effective systemic treatment might be considered.
Keywords: Sarcoma, Extremity, Radiotherapy, Postoperative, Treatment outcome
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare tumor accounts for less than 1% of all newly diagnosed malignant diseases and extremity is the most common site of origin [1]. STS extensively invades surrounding soft tissue, so local recurrence rates are as high as 30% to 50% with local excision only [2]. Radical excision and amputation were used to improve local control and multimodality approach with conservative surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy is being used since 1970s for the purpose of preserving limb function and local control [2].
STS has a tendency to metastasize early and approximately one-half of the patients died of their disease [3]. The relationship between local control and survival has been under controversy, but Lewis et al. [4] suggested that there is a strong association of local recurrence with development of subsequent metastases and tumor mortality. Prognostic factors for local control and disease free survival are known to be histologic grade, tumor size and depth. Histologic grade is the most important prognostic factor for overall survival and predicting metastases [3].
In this article, we retrospectively analyzed the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of localized extremity STS patients treated with conservative surgery plus radiotherapy.
1. Patient and tumor characteristics
Between January 1981 and December 2010, 43 adult patients (>16 years) with non-recurrent STS of extremities were treated with conservative surgery and postoperative radiotherapy at Korea University Medical Center (KUMC). Patients who had distant metastases, who had local recurrence at the time of presentation, or who irradiated with doses less than 40 Gy were excluded from this study. The following histologic subtypes were also excluded: Ewing's sarcoma, desmoid tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma [5-8].
Twenty four patients were male and 19 were female. Ages ranged from 20 to 71 years with a median of 44 years. Forty three consecutive patients with STS in whom all visible tumors had been resected underwent radiation therapy with curative (postoperative) intent. Medical records of all patients were available for review.
The distribution of lesions by anatomic site was as follows. Ten (23.3%) were in the upper extremity, 2 in the wrist and hand, 4 in the forearm, 1 at the elbow, and 3 in the upper arm and shoulder. Thirty-three (76.7%) were in the lower extremity, 23 in the thigh region, 1 in the knee region, 2 in the lower leg, 3 in ankle and foot, and 4 in the inguinal and gluteal region. Patient characteristics at the time of presentation are outlined in Table 1.
There were 11 patients with positive margins and most common histology was synovial sarcoma (36.4%) followed by malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH, 27.3%). Eight of 11 patients were with grade 3, 2 with grade 2 and 1 with grade 1.
The fundamental treatment strategy for STS at KUMC has been a combination of conservative surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. Treatment characteristics are summarized in Table 1.
1) Surgery
All patients underwent surgery with the intention of a wide resection when possible and the goal was to obtain tumor-free margins of 1-3 cm. When this was not feasible because of adjoining critical structures, an attempt was still made to obtain tumor-free, but closer margins. Expert pathologist determined the histology and assigned a grade based on Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) system [9]. A positive margin was defined as the presence of tumor at the margin of the resected specimen. A close margin was defined as less than 2 cm from resection margin by Rubin et al. [9] and this reviewed individually in our center considering anatomical barrier by specialized pathologist.
2) Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy (RT) was administered with cobalt-60 (ATC C9; Picker Corporation, Cleveland, OH, USA) or mostly 4 megavoltage X-rays by linear accelerator (LINAC, Varian Clinac 600C; Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA). General indications for RT included pT2 or greater, high grade histology and close or positive margins. Postoperative RT was delivered to median 60 Gy (range, 50 to 74.4 Gy) using one to three beams. The dose per fraction were 1.8 Gy (34.9%) or 2.0 Gy (65.1%) and the median duration of RT was 49 days (range, 35 to 80 days). The median time between surgery and initiation of RT was 21 days. No attempt was made to irradiate the entire muscle compartments or muscle bundles from origin to insertion. The entire circumference of an extremity was never treated and care was taken not to treat more than half of long bones and to spare joints. RT field was designed encompassing the surgical bed/scar plus up to 5 to 6 cm margin. Twenty-five patients were available of initial field-margin status and 0 to 5 cm margin (median, 2 cm) was added from the end of surgical bed/scar, which depends on tumor size, histological grade and tumor site.
3) Chemotherapy
No standard criterion for the administration of chemotherapy existed for patients in this study. Systemic chemotherapy was given to 7 patients (16.3%): 5 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and 2 patients received both neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy. The recommendation for the use of chemotherapy was based on the multidisciplinary judgment. Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy was the most frequently used regimen.
3. Follow-up and statistical analysis
Follow-up was done one month after treatment completion, then every 3 months for first 2 years, every 6 months thereafter during 3 years, and then yearly. Times of follow-up were measured from the date of diagnosis. The follow-up time for all patients ranged from 5 to 302 months with median of 70 months. The follow-up data was obtained from RT records and hospital charts. Computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging or bone scan were performed when patient have symptom or judged to be necessary by clinician. Additional imaging study and biopsy were done when suspected for recurrence. Overall survival, prognostic factors and complication were analyzed retrospectively. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0 was used for acute and late complication.
Local recurrence was defined as the first recurrence of the disease at the site of primary tumor, of the same histologic subtype, that occurred more than 3 months after primary therapy. Overall survival (OS) rate was defined as duration from the day of surgery to the date of death or last date for censored observation. Local relapse-free survival (LRFS) or distant relapse-free survival (DRFS) was defined as the duration from the day of surgery to date of each recurrence observed. Relapse or death from any cause was considered as disease-free survival (DFS) event. Deaths that were confirmed to be caused by disease were treated as an end point for disease-specific survival (DSS), while other deaths were treated as censored observations.
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 19.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). LRFS, DRFS, OS, DFS, DSS and the probability of complications were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards model. In all statistical analyses, a p-value less than 0.05 considered significant.
1. Patterns of failure
Twelve patients (27.9%) sustained relapse of their disease. Local recurrence occurred in 3 patients (7.0%). The time to local recurrence varied from 14 to 32 months (median, 17 months). All local recurrences occurred within 3 years. The actuarial LRFS at 2 and 5 years were 94.2% and 90.7%, respectively (Fig. 1). One patient with negative margin had received 54 Gy and demonstrating recurrence on the margin of the field. Two patients received at least 60 Gy and have been divided into one with close and one with positive margin (Table 2). Both patients recurred within the field. For salvage treatment of local recurrence, two patients underwent surgical resection and one patient had re-irradiation. After salvage treatment, one patient alive 34 months after recurrence without evidence of disease and two died: one died of recurrent disease and the other died of intercurrent disease.
No regional lymph node metastases developed. Hematogenous metastases developed in 10 patients (23.3%) and those were the first site of disease relapse in 9 (Fig. 2). The actuarial DRFS rates at 2 and 5 years were 86.4% and 73.3%, respectively. The most common site for distant metastasis was lung (70%) followed by bone (20%) and retroperitoneum (10%). And for the treatment of distant recurrence, 4 patients had RT, 4 received chemotherapy, and 2 patients underwent metastasectomy and chemotherapy.
2. Survival rates
The OS curves for all 43 patients are shown in Fig. 3. Survival rates at 2, 5 years were 92.7% and 69.2%, respectively. The mean survival time was 207 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 164 to 250). DFS at 2, 5 years were 80.8% and 67.9% with mean times of 148 months (95% CI, 115 to 180). DSS at 2, 5 years were 92.7% and 74.0% with mean times of 218 months (95% CI, 175 to 261).
3. Prognostic factors
On univariate analysis, grade did not have a significant impact on local control, but did influence on DRFS (p = 0.005), DSS (p = 0.005) and OS (p = 0.03). No significant prognostic factors were associated with development of local recurrence. American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (p = 0.02) and grade (p = 0.005) influenced the development of distant metastases in the univariate analysis. A trend toward higher risk of distant metastases was also noted among patients with positive margins (p = 0.06) (Table 3). On multivariate analysis, grade had only a significant impact on OS (p = 0.04) and DSS (p = 0.03) (Table 4).
Acute radiation-related complications, grade 3 or 4, according to CTCAE v4.0 developed in 6 patients (14.0%). Four patients had skin desquamation (9.3%), one patient had pruritus (2.3%) and one patient had skin ulceration (2.3%). The incidence of complications was significantly higher among the patients receiving chemotherapy compared with those not receiving chemotherapy (42.9%, 8.3%, respectively; p = 0.02). All three patients received chemotherapy concurrently with radiotherapy. Neither radiation dose nor irradiated field size correlated with acute complication risk.
Severe late radiation-related complication, grade 3 or 4, developed in 2 patients (4.7%): one lymphedema and one skin ulceration. These began at 4 and 62 months after radiotherapy (Table 5). Irradiated dose of the two patients was 61.2 Gy and 66.6 Gy, respectively.
The aim of the treatment in STS is to achieve local control and cure while ensuring organ preservation and limb function. Conservative surgery and postoperative radiotherapy are the preferred treatment in order to avoid amputation and this conservative approach offers high local control similar to those reported with amputation [3,10-13]. Whether improved local control translates to improved survival remains controversial [11,13]. In Lewis's analysis local recurrence has strong association with tumor-related mortality [4]. However, this may be because locally recurrent tumors are biologically more aggressive rather than a causal relationship [14].
Several prognostic factors for local recurrence have been reported, and these were included in our analyses. High grade, distal extremities and positive microscopic margin have been analyzed as prognostic factors influencing local recurrence [3]. Specific histologic types have been associated with high risk of local recurrence, especially in MFH [15]. In our study, we were not able to find any correlation between these factors and local recurrence and there was no correlation between treatment characteristics (radiation dose, field margin, and use of chemotherapy) and local recurrence. However, the patients who underwent RT were more likely to have had deep location, high grade tumors excised with a close or positive margin. In our analysis, histology of 3 recurrent patients was MFH, chondrosarcoma and synovial sarcoma. The lack of associated factor of local recurrence may be due to the small number of patients involved in this study, further studies are needed.
In our series the 5-year actuarial local control rate was 90.7% and it was comparable to other reported studies which achieve 5-year local control rates of 85% to 90% [14]. Three patients had local recurrence and two had recurred within the field, one in the margin of the field. Our result was comparable to other studies previously reported that the majority of the local recurrence was found within the field [14,16]. Cleator et al. [14] demonstrated 68% of local recurrence was within the field, 16% were out of the field, and 16% were on the margin of the field. In Dickie et al. [16]'s analysis of 768 patients 49 cases recurred within the field (6.4% overall), 9 were out of the field (1.1% overall), and 2 were on the margin of the field (0.3% overall).
Initial field margin of at least 5 cm around the tumor bed/scar are known to achieve superior local control in the postoperative radiotherapy [13]. But field margin needed to include potential microscopic disease is poorly defined [3]. A margin of only 2 cm around the tumor was added for brachytherapy and actuarial local control rate for high grade tumor are about a 90% [11] and this was comparable local control with wide field margin added for external beam radiotherapy. Afterloading catheters were placed intraoperatively in the tumor bed for brachytherapy and this made more accurate targeting thereby limited volume was irradiated and did not introduce long term functional morbidity [11]. Our initial filed margin was 0 to 5 cm (median, 2 cm) to the tumor bed including scar and this was applied individually according to surgical extent. However with this limited margin a 91% of local control was achieved. Possible explanation may be that the surgical technique may have a considerable impact on the degree of dissemination of tumor cells [3] or may be that only limited margin is needed to control disease when accurate targeting was done. And reduction of normal tissue irradiation with limited planning target volume margin in an evidence-based and quantitative manner should not increase the risk of local recurrence [16]. To reduce normal tissue irradiation, traditional 5 cm longitudinal margin from the end of tumor bed may be shortened. Further studies are needed to define optimal margin for radiotherapy.
In general, the postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) dose used in most centers is 50 Gy (range, 40 to 50 Gy) and boost of at least 10 Gy is given to high risk areas [3]. Although adequate dose in PORT has not been established, improved local control rate are associated with higher dose above 60 Gy [3,10,17]. In the literature, dose was escalated up to 70 Gy for patient with residual tumor or positive resection margin. In our analysis, almost local recurrence occur within the field, so it seems to be dose escalation to tumor bed is required for tumor control. Dose escalation might improve local control when target volume can be exactly defined and covered. But, severe complications are accompanied with higher dose above 63 Gy [13]. Thus selective dose escalation of radiotherapy might be considered for high risk patients and reappraisal of adequate dose to low risk patients might be considered. Patient with negative margins can be treated less than 60 Gy without compromising local control and fewer complications [13]. Tailored treatment might be needed according to risk group and whether dose escalation can be translated into improved outcome will be assessed after a longer follow up period.
In our series, the 5-year DRFS and OS are 73.4% and 69.2%, respectively and it was comparable to other reported studies [2,15,18]. The well-established prognostic factors for tumor related death from STS are histological grade, tumor size and age [3]. Our multivariate analysis also demonstrated higher OS and DSS rate for low grade tumor. And histologic subtype was not a significant determinant of outcome in our series. Univariate analysis revealed that histologic grade, AJCC stage and resection margin status were independently correlates with development of distant metastasis. But these were not significant determinants on multivariate analysis. STS have a tendency to metastasis early and the poor survival of such patients has led to a search for systemic treatments that might be applied early in the course of the disease [2]. Development of effective systemic treatment might be considered.
The 14% incidence of acute complications reported in our series is similar to that reported by other authors. As for acute side effects, skin desquamation was occurred in 4 patients, 1 patient suffered from pruritus and 1 patient had skin ulceration. Our data suggests patient with chemotherapy may be associated with an increased risk of complications than patient without chemotherapy. The RT treatment volume defined for STS multimodality management has been predictive of late RT effects such as fibrosis, edema, and joint stiffness and a reduction of normal tissue irradiation may translate into a decrease in such radiation-related toxicities [16]. Modern treatment techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), have facilitated highly conformal targeted approaches with a reduction in the overall treatment volume exposed to higher doses to reduce complication. However, this reduction may potentially expose the patient to an increased risk of local recurrence (LR).
In conclusion, conservative surgery with postoperative radiotherapy achieves a satisfactory rate of local control with acceptable complication rate in extremity STS. However, this disease has a high distant metastatic propensity that correlates with tumor grade and stage. Tumor grade was the most important factor for overall survival and there was no significant factor associated with local recurrence. The majority of the LRs developed in the irradiation field regardless of surgical margin status or total accumulative RT dose. And this may indicating that the incidence of LR is not predominately caused by aberrations in RT dose or target volume coverage but by biologic behavior of tumor. Development of effective new systemic treatment for this disease is an urgent priority for tumor with high grade or high stage to reduce distant metastasis. And the newly developing radiation technologies such as IMRT and image-guide radiotherapy have a beneficial effect in dose escalation and sparing normal tissue.
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
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Kaplan-Meier estimates of local relapse-free survival (LRFS). The 5-year LRFS was 90.7%.
Patterns of failure of all patients.
Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival (OS). The 5-year OS was 69.2%.
Patient, tumor and treatment characteristics (n = 43)
MFH, malignant fibrous histiocytoma; RT, radiotherapy; CCRT, concurrent chemo-radiotherapy; CT, chemotherapy.
Characteristics of patients with local recurrence
RM, resection margin; RT, radiotherapy; LR, local recurrence; LRFS, local relapse-free survival; MFH, malignant fibrous histiocytoma; (-), negative; DID, dead of intercurrent disease; NED, no evidence of disease; (+), positive; DOD, dead of disease.
Univariate analysis of prognostic factors
LRFS, local relapse-free survival; DRFS, distant relapse-free survival; OS, overall survival; DSS, disease-specific survival; NS, non-significant; NA, not applicable; RM, resection margin; (-), negative; (+), positive.
Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; DRFS, distant relapse-free survival; NS, non-significant; RM, resection margin; (-), negative; (+), positive; OS, overall survival; DSS, disease specific survival.
Treatment related complications (n = 43)
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CigarBid Forums Miscellaneous Politics Shocking moment conservative activist is punched in the face on UC-Berkeley campus...
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#101 Posted: Tue, Feb 26 2019, 4:04 PM EST
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as victor alluded to, 18 U.S. Code § 249, section (b) does address the circumstance where the feds may step in to charge a criminal for a hate crime if the state fails to do so...
a key phrase in that section is "eradicating bias-motivated violence" ...some who have not been subjected to non-violent or violent discrimination may have difficulty grasping this concept... imagine being afraid to go out at night for your entire life for fear that you could end up in the hospital or worse, for no other reason than how you look...
in 1985, while out jogging (I used to run before my knees wore out) down the street in the SoCal city where I lived, a pick-up truck with several white male teens sitting in the bed drove by me...as the truck slowed, a couple of the guys threw oranges at me, and yelled "go back where you came from, **** (pejorative for Chinese)" ...assault, with hateful intent...unreported, which most of these incidents are...
DrafterX
poor CROS....
Tail, don't get hung up on the term "hate crime"... Consider it identity based terrorism....
The intent in those cases is larger than the crime itself. They aren't just hitting someone with a bat because they want to hit someone with a bat, they want to eradicate or subdue an entire group.
You hang a black man so that the rest of the blacks stay "in line".
You beat a "phag" with a bat so the rest of them know better than to sashay around in those tight jeans and open collars that make you feel funny in your groin.
Sure there's grey area, and sure every case needs to be tried and determined accurately whether theres a hate crime... But the reason this exists is because the people really committing hate crimes are trying to accomplish something more than just the crime itself... Whether they consciously know it or not.
JadeRose
Where's jimmy and bloody when we need them.
Prolly screwing chikens..
Speyside wrote:
Tail, as a generality you are correct. But I think Victor is describing very specific circumstances. A guy lynching a black man while wearing a Klan robe and hood is commuting a hate crime. There is no wiggle room here. A guy dragging a gay man down the road with a bumper sticker that says death to gays, who is also shouting die homo die is committing a hate crime. This is black and white. And so on.
I'm glad we have laws that cover .000000000000002% of the crimes.
victor809 wrote:
But since the American judicial system circa 2019 still doesn't have the means to detect intent, the VAST majority of "hate crimes" or "identity based terrorism" lies in the grey area.
Look. There are reasons to commit crimes. Some make sense. Most don't.
High on that list of "doesn't make sense" is attacking a group of people not for what they do, but for who they are.
But even if we agree on the stupidity of it all, it doesn't make the crime worse.
If my mother was killed yesterday by a dude breaking into her house for money, it doesn't make her death (or the crime of committing it) any less significant than if my Jewish neighbor's mom was killed by someone who hated Jews and had a swastika on their forehead.
Not sure why it's even a debate.
DrafterX wrote:
But who came first?
#109 Posted: Tue, Feb 26 2019, 10:49 PM EST
Tail... It may not make a difference to you or your mother, but it would make a difference to all the remaining Jewish mothers in your neighborhood who are now afraid of being targeted for being Jewish.
Punishment isnt in place to benefit the victims. It's intended to benefit society.
#110 Posted: Wed, Feb 27 2019, 5:42 AM EST
Couldn't you go for some chikens right now?
#111 Posted: Wed, Feb 27 2019, 11:05 AM EST
You wish..
Drafter sure does love watching Bloodsport f-k those chickens tho.....
frankj1
the truth is, I'm not sure on which side of the tw fence post I fall.
but of all the things tossed out there on both sides of the discussion over the need for the designation "hate" added to a (violent) crime, Victor has hit upon the one thing I've always held in my gut and that is hard to qualify but is likely a real motivation for the perpetrator...
the goal: make 'em all scared!
scared to be in public, scared to make eye contact, scared to live free in the land of the free.
drag a black guy behind a pick up truck, that's way louder of a statement than hating that individual because of the color of his skin, that's a threat message to all blacks in town. It has nothing in common with a random bat beating by a lunatic other than the physical damage done to the victim.
Yet I'm still wrestling with my feelings on laws for this, certainly over when and where they should apply.
I recall being 7 or 8 years old and drawing swastikas with a friend. Neither of us had a clue...and that was barely 20 years after the Liberation of the Concentration Camps. I've seen the same nazi graffitti drawn on Synagogue doors, gravestones in Jewish cemeteries, bridges over highways...and easily dismissed it as stupidity.
But stuff that is horrifyingly violent, true message crimes...I dunno. I'm still listening. This one is not as easy for me as others here.
#114 Posted: Wed, Feb 27 2019, 12:02 PM EST
But of course but the Nazis stole the swastika..... It was an Indian design originally..
not Comanche though...
So when a white suburban neighborhood is afraid because an Hispanic man committed a felony, the guy should be charged more severely than his crime?
Let's face it: there are a LOT of black criminals who literally hate white people.
I think it would be imprudent to categorically dole out more severe sentences when they're caught committing a crime against the whites.
It would be better to consider the crimes of a white supremacist (for instance) as an act of terror when appropriate.
thus preventing the "hate crime" tag whenever there is white-on-minority crimes.
As for punishment benefiting society rather than the victims?
Perhaps we should start a new thread regarding tort reform.
Ewok126
tailgater wrote:
The Roster?
dstieger
Something to think about, Frank. Thanks. I guess if I were to consider community intimidation as a separate 'act', maybe it could be easier to 'justify'.
Tail... If you don't think punishment is intended to benefit society and not the victims then feel free to put that to the test.
Go kill a person with no known relatives or friends. Then, since no one knows he's dead, go tell the cops. Let them know that there are no living victims so you shouldn't be punished. Since the dead aren't benefitted by your punishment there is nothing they can do to you.
#120 Posted: Wed, Feb 27 2019, 1:34 PM EST
So, as long as you kill da whole family it's cool...
that's part of the myth: white people are charged with hate crimes when the victim is a minority...
in fact, people from all races and nationalities and religions have been prosecuted for hate crimes...
here are stats of identified offenders from FBI Crime Report of 2017...over the past few years, whites make up about half of all offenders
https://ucr.fbi.gov/hate-crime/2017/topic-pages/offenders
and the actual prosecution of the crime as a hate crime includes a legal requirement that actual bias was proven to be the motive, proven with actual evidence beyond a reasonable doubt for the additional penalty to apply...it is NOT ASSUMED, just because the criminal is white and the victim is a minority...
think of it in terms similar for what is required for capital murder... the criminal gets the death penalty, rather than the usual 25 years-to-life if the prosecution can prove additional malicious intent...
but I doubt the actual data will change your mind about how the criminal justice system is unfair to whites only as it relates to hate crimes...
dstieger wrote:
even with all I wrote, I am not firmly on one side or the other...so far.
It's a yuuuggge legal statement.
I hope I'm not dumber for reading this.
Because you are certainly dumber for writing it.
Mhmm.... Dead guy doesn't care if I'm charged with a hate crime or shoplifting.
The punishment is to satisfy and protect society.
delta1 wrote:
You're looking for smoke where there is no fire my friend.
I'm not lamenting over poor whitey being treated unfairly.
I was citing an example. A "for instance" type of scenario.
Most crimes that are reported to be "hate crimes" are just crimes.
Despite what Victor is saying, most of these do not create a murmur of fear throughout a community.
Most are just violent acts by dumb people who deserve to be punished.
But like most laws, the most important thing isn't to catch and punish those who violate it.
The most important thing is to make sure those who are innocent are not caught in the web.
This is fun.
So if I were to blatantly murder a known child molester (with no family) in Trump's Times Square, I guess I wouldn't be brought up on charges.
By your logic yes.
I'm just telling you to do it because you seemed to think you wouldn't.
Dude, that's your logic, not mine.
Sorry to use it against you.
Don't treat this with tunnel vision. Punishment is essentially what is deserved for breaking a law.
Hell, look at the Smollett fiasco.
He didn't fake a simple mugging.
He faked a HATE crime.
Because some people think that has more teeth.
Um... Maybe you misread my posts tail.
I stated that punishment had nothing to do with the victims (because you argued that your dead mother doesn't care if her killer is charged with a hate crime or not). My point is that the charge and punishment isn't for her benefit anyway... It's for society's benefit, which can be illustrated by repercussions from either of the two crimes above.
(if any of this is unclear to you, remember society still benefits greater, or at least believes it does, from law abiding people than from dead child molesters)
There's people who molest dead children out there..??
teedubbya
It would be funnier if the children were wearing clown suits
RMAN4443
Charge of shoplifting generally protects the business being shoplifted from, not society...the slap on the hand for shoplifting (small fine, restitution, and a banning from the store), does not protect society at large...
Pretty sure shoplifting has no variants that are a hate crime. Why use an example that doesn't relate to the discussion? Pretty sure there are no identifiable groups of people shoplifting is directed towards.
Commenting on victor's example given in post #124...
Ah, missed that.
well, all he said was that the dead victim has no concern of the eventual charges, he did not say that shop lifting could ever be a hate crime.
I know WHAT you're saying. I just disagree.
I gave a quick example of how society would benefit from a crime, but the perpetrator would still be charged with the crime.
Odd how you ignore that while simultaneously continueing with your weak argument.
You assume 1 dead child molester is more valuable than the breakdown of law and order.
Here's the reader's digest version:
You're watching the 6:00 news because the new anchor has nice ta-tas.
You see a story about a white guy beating up a black guy during a road rage incident.
You then hear how the cops are looking to investigate if it's a hate crime.
NOBODY benefits from that type of mentality.
And eliminating the weak-minded "hate crime" moniker doesn't mean we'd have to ignore when a fellow is found to be stalking a clearly defined group of people in hopes of hurting them or worse.
Whether that group is a protected minority, or an association like PETA, the law shouldn't treat the criminal differently.
Well, maybe PETA was a poor example.
I've already given my thoughts on using societal emotions to dole out the law.
We saw how that worked prior to civil rights in the south.
Maintaining mob rules isn't akin to law and order.
And you're shifting the subject in an attempt to make a point that I understand but disagree with.
Don't.
frankj1 wrote:
No,but he did say that the punishment for shoplifting is to "satisfy and protect society"...
RMAN4443 wrote:
I'm not satisfied
No one is...
I can't get no
#147 Posted: Thu, Feb 28 2019, 7:17 AM EST
I try...
fishinguitarman
'Tis
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Sir Harry Kroto Resources
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HEPPSY
The IMPACT programme aims to support both students and parents in developing their knowledge around degree level study and to ask informed questions about Higher Education (HE) pathways and careers.
By taking part in activities together, we provide the confidence, tools and skills to find out further information for themselves to support the crucial decisions they will make jointly regarding the child's future.
IMPACT was directly informed by research conducted with students and parents at three local secondary schools over the summer of 2017 - the activities and information tools within the programme being directly shaped by their feedback.
The programme works with Year 7 and Year 8 students from selected schools bringing them together with their parents' to develop knowledge and awareness of the benefits of HE, graduate employment and introduce them to the University of Sheffield.
IMPACT breaks down barriers to HE by providing support, confidence and knowledge to parents and students by providing sessions and workshops focusing on;
General information regarding university and student finance
Introduction to clubs, societies, Sport Sheffield, Careers Service and the Students' Union
University of Sheffield campus visits including subject specific activities
Throughout the programme we will provide parents and students with a positive introduction to all aspects of university life. We want participants to feel confident and comfortable in researching how other universities may differ in relation to courses, accommodation and student facilities. We will provide impartial advice and guidance so parents and students can make an informed decision on the best route for their future.
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The University of Sheffield will visit pupils and parents in school and bring the highlights of the University into the local community. The visit will include information and interactive sessions from Sport Sheffield, the Careers Service, Student Finance and University of Sheffield students who studied at local schools.
Visit to the University
Pupils and parents will visit the University of Sheffield and take part in practical subject taster activities, have a tour of the university campus and lunch in the University of Sheffield Students' Union. Parents will receive a talk on student finance and have the opportunity to speak to student ambassadors regarding Higher Education.
Parents and pupils will visit the University of Sheffield Student Village and gain an insight into student life, student finance, budgeting, university accommodation and living away from home.
The completion of the programme is celebrated with a certificate presentation and information about other Widening Participation programmes that pupils can participate in as they move in to Year 9
Joining this programme is by invitation only - Schools located in the Sheffield City Region with a significant number of pupils who meet the following criteria will be contacted by the IMPACT team.
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When selecting pupils in your school you should ensure they demonstrate the academic potential to enter Higher Education. We therefore ask that you only select the highest achieving pupils who are progressing and are on track to achieve a high grade in English & Maths.
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Attend a State School and
Be in the first generation of their family to enter Higher Education (HE) (other than siblings who have already progressed to HE, or parents who attended HE as a mature student)
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Live in a neighbourhood which has a low progression rate to Higher Education or an area which has a high level of financial, social or economic deprivation. This is defined by home postcode
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When it comes to saying no to gun violence, Australians are leading the globe. Let's keep it that way.
Fiona Sugden
Many of us are take for granted Australia's strong gun laws.
The father of Alannah and Madeline Mikac, the young sisters killed in the 1996 Port Arthur massacre, last night made an impassioned plea to the nation to keep our gun legislation strong on Channel 9's new political show, The Verdict.
Appearing in a rare interview Walter Mikac told Karl Stefanovic he had decided to come on the show because the watering down of our gun laws was disturbing.
"We should be incredibly proud, Australia as a nation, that we stood up … and made change happen that is the envy of the world."
Walter read a beautiful letter his daughter Alannah had written when she was five years old to the panellists and audience that left them in tears.
Video by Channel 9
Unfortunately the issue of gun laws is being discussed again in Australia because the federal government has agreed to allow the importation of the Adler lever-action shotgun in a year's time, pending a review.
The Adler gun can fire multiple rounds and as MWN Editor in Chief Jamila Rizvi said on the show last night, it is a gun purely designed to "get around" Australia's tough gun laws.
The import decision was made following a "deal" struck with NSW Liberal Democrat senator David Leyonhjelm on an unrelated migration vote…
Sometimes it is not until you leave your country you realise how incredible something about it really is.
The Verdict panel last night.
When it comes to saying no to gun violence, we are leading the globe.
Later today I will attend a special assembly to represent "UN Day" at my children's international school here in central London.
My family is Australian. We are so proud of our country and about representing it among our loving global school community. As a family we've discussed all the great things about Australia so the kids can explain it to their school mates – its beauty, wildlife, freedom, weather. They are taking vegemite sandwiches to share and wearing Wallabies scarves.
Three Women, The Best Book Of The Year
But one of the greatest things about our country I will not tell them – because I know their little ears are not ready to hear it.
Our gun laws.
My children, and yours, have been able to grow up in a country where gun violence is not something that crosses their minds when they enter the school yard.
A country where we are able to attend university without the fear of a campus shooting – ever – crossing our minds.
Where we are able to go shopping, or catch a movie, without the paranoia of wondering what someone behind you is carrying in their backpack.
We live in a beautiful, safe, bliss and a complete bubble compared to most of the rest of the world on this issue – especially of course the United States of America.
There is one man to thank for this – former Prime Minister John Howard. After the Port Arthur massacre in 1996 he made the controversial decision at the time to ban all semi-automatic weapons and introduced a mandatory buyback scheme.
Anyone who doubts the power of this decision need only look at the numerical facts.
There has not been a mass shooting in Australia, not one, since the Port Arthur massacre – that is almost 20 years ago.
The US is averaging more than one mass shooting per day in 2015. The shootings this year have resulted in the deaths of 380 people. I discovered this through their Mass Shooting Tracker. It tracks every instance in the US in which a gun is used to kill or injure four or more people at a time. Seriously disturbing.
Walter Mikac is right. Many of us are taking for granted Australia's strong gun laws and the impact it has had on our generation. A whole generation now that has been free of gun violence.
And he is right that we all should be proud of what we have created in Australia. It must not change. It is deep within our culture that we are anti-gun.
So like vegemite, our green and gold scarves and our beautiful beaches I will one day tell my children that in Australia we also have something that is amazing – something that is the envy of the rest of the world – something we are the very best at.
Keeping kids safe from guns.
And I hope very much that will still be the truth.
Tags: australian-politics , current-affairs , entertainment-tv


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In 1917 the Russian Revolution forever reshaped the landscape of world politics. It changed Russia from an Imperial tradition into a communist party. This revolution, combined with the aftermath of World War I -national sentiments and rising unemployment- set the stage for a wave of fear and terror to rip through America in what came to be known as the "Red Summer".
After the end of World War I, there was no longer a massive need for the production of war supplies, and so the need for workers also declined. The workers that held onto their jobs began to form labor unions to try and safeguard their positions. However, this began to lead to labor strikes, and sparked the fear that radicalized individuals or groups intended on striking out, and possibly even rebelling.
A leading factor that contributed to the fear of rebellion was the example set by the Russian Revolution -a movement which called for a communist government that would help workers. To try and avert any similar actions by American citizens -and to defend the United State's involvement in WWI- the U.S. Congress passed the Sedition Act of 1918. The Sedition Act -spearheaded by U.S. Attorney General Alexander Mitchell Palmer- limited First Amendment rights, and made it easier to prosecute any individual or group found to be casting the U.S. Government in a poor light. The efforts to monitor these 'radicals' were especially targeted at immigrants and prominent labor unions, such as the Chicago based Industrial Workers of the World union.
In the spring of 1919, several bombs were shipped to prominent government officials, including former U.S. Senator Thomas Hardwick. A day later, a vigilant U.S. Postal worker discovered 36 more bombs waiting to be shipped. The bombs failed to kill any of their targets, however, it raised serious concerns about anarchists.
Then the bombs continued, with more grave consequences. According to History, "On June 2, 1919, a bomb exploded at the home of Judge Charles Cooper Nott Jr. in New York City, killing two people." Later, a bomb was also exploded outside of Alexander Palmer's home. The government was unable to convict any suspects due to a lack of evidence.
The government, now enraged, responded. Palmer established a special organization that would later become the FBI, then known simply as the Bureau of Investigation. The Bureau was designed to collect information on radicals and anarchists. A Justice Department lawyer by the name of J. Edgar Hoover was appointed to head the Bureau, and he quickly began to coordinate a massive investigative effort.
The information gathered resulted in the Palmer Raids, massive raids targeting anyone who spoke out for change. It didn't matter what the issue was that a person raised, anyone who was vocal about anything from anti-US redirect to the need for birth control were considered anarchists and often arrested. Many prominent anarchist leaders were arrested and deported, along with over one thousand people in eleven different cities. Police and government agents would also raid locations such as the Russian People's House in New York City where Russian immigrants would gather for purposes such as attending school, with classes such as algebra. Most members of organizations such as the Union of Russian Workers were detained, even though very few were eventually found to have connections to actual anarchist activity.
Many supposed Communist sympathizers and anarchists were deported on the USAT Buford, a passenger ship under the command of the US Navy in December of 1919.
However, this was not the end of the Palmer Raids. On the first and the second days of January 1920, the Justice Department conducted widespread raids in 33 cities across the United States, arresting 3,000 people. Many of these people and their families were then starved and tortured during interrogations.
Following this second wave of raids, the American Civil Liberties Union was formed, and began representing immigrants and other people caught up in the raids in an effort to combat Palmer's agenda. Perhaps encouraged by this backlash, Palmer and his raids began facing criticism from many outlets including members of Congress, and later a group of lawyers filed a report showing the massive disregard of due process in the raids.
Soon, Assistant Secretary of Labor Louis F. Post began to criticize the raids, and successfully stopped the deportation of over fifteen hundred falsely accused individuals. Still, Palmer defended his position.
However, his fears were no longer recognized or supported by the public. On May 1st, 1920, his reign came to an end. Palmer predicted that armed Communists would rise up against America. This never happened, and the last ounce of faith that America had in Palmer was lost, and his raids came to an end. He also failed in a last-ditch, career-saving run for president later that year.
Keep an eye out for the second part of this series, Setting the Stage for the Red Scare, which will be posted soon.


text:
10 National Parks to Visit in the Winter
by Nathan Chandler
An American bison stops at a Yellowstone geyser basin. Thermal pools provide warmth and growths of algae which serve as food for bison in winter, Wild Horizons/UIG via Getty Images
You may have seen Old Faithful blasting into the sky in August. But have you ever witnessed this monster geyser shooting up white mist into the frosty winter air?
Each year, more than 4 million people crowd the roads in Yellowstone National Park, one of America's crown jewels. Few of them will leave the pavement — and almost none of them visit during winter. They are, in a vast understatement, missing out on some of the best the park has to offer.
For instance, in winter, the park's famous geysers blast near-boiling water that freezes almost immediately in the air and falls as unique "geyser rain." Herds of animals like elk and bison cluster ever closer together for protection and are easier to spot in the white of deep snow drifts. Ice skating, snowshoeing and cross-country skiing are also popular in Yellowstone.
The frigid Western weather drives away the masses, and lodging is scarce, so there are no traffic jams or long lines. In fact, normal civilian traffic is prohibited from park roads from November to March, meaning visitors must take snowmobiles or snowcoaches to access Yellowstone [source: NPS].
If you're daring, fit and prepared, you can even opt for backcountry camping during the winter season. You may find that you have millions of acres of Yellowstone's majesty all to yourself.
The Snowy Dunes of White Sands National Monument Witnessed Atomic History
Beware If You Travel the Devil's Highway
7 U.S. National Parks Hardly Anyone Visits


At thirty nine, Deola Bello, a Nigerian expatriate in London, is dissatisfied with being single and working overseas Deola works as a financial reviewer for an international charity When her job takes her back to Nigeria in time for her father s five year memorial service, she finds herself turning her scrutiny inward In Nigeria, Deola encounters changes in her family aAt thirty nine, Deola Bello, a Nigerian expatriate in London, is dissatisfied with being single and working overseas Deola works as a financial reviewer for an international charity When her job takes her back to Nigeria in time for her father s five year memorial service, she finds herself turning her scrutiny inward In Nigeria, Deola encounters changes in her family and in the urban landscape of her home, and new acquaintances who offer unexpected possibilities Deola s journey is as much about evading others expectations to get to the heart of her frustration as it is about exposing the differences between foreign images of Africa and the realities of contemporary Nigerian life.
I love this book. It especially resonates with me, since I am an African living in the US. Please read it!
This book was a bit of a slog. I liked the issues it brought up and appreciated the conflicted feelings the main character dealt with as a Nigerian living in London, but I didn't really like her or feel particularly amused by her shortcomings so felt like I finished to finish. Still, glad I read it if just to get out of my comfort zone a bit.
The writing is not really my style. A bit basic And it sometimes reads as though the writer is rambling. The main character's travel escapades are somewhat interesting. It's not a book that I just can't seem to put down, which is disappointing.
I really struggled with this book and the ending was a big disappointment. I only finished it because I don't like giving up on books. It isn't my usual choice of book to be fair and I can see that other readers loved it. Just not for me.
I wanted to love this book because of the characters, their desires & pains, but the narrative was so awkwardly crafted, my mind kept drifting off course, never sure where we were or why we were there.
Overall A Bit of Difference was a good read, although I felt like I didnt connect with Deola that well. I found the relationships between Deola interesting. There were a few moments that jumped between different countries and it took a moment to realise she had travelled somewhere. I enjoyed this book but not enough to give it four stars.
Very easy, enjoyable read. It does seem to stop all of a sudden.Excellent bit of stay-at-home-cultural-tourism for me. Interesting experience of the relationship between england and nigeria post colonialism and the cultural contrasts between the two places. Well worth reading, probably the only book I've given 3 stars to that I would go and recommend to other people to read. Interesting but not amazing, gripping or enthusiasm making I suppose.
When I first started this book I couldn't tell where I was or who I was or was supposed to be. The book is somewhat a memoir of what it is to be and to have been Nigerian and how it is to be marginalized. Somewhere in though, I became hooked. I think the voice becomes the language and vice versa. And I think you begin to look at yourself and how you were raised and how you look at the people. I don't like the last few pages but I liked the book.
I really enjoyed this - it doesn't have much in the way of plot, and what there is feels a bit conventional, although I could make a case that Atta is playing with a certain very common trope found in novels about women (and some others). Just as she is not going there with cliche expectations of novels about Nigeria and Nigerians - the protag is from a wealthy family, educated in the UK, and when the novel begins, arriving in USA as part of her job with a small NGO based in London.
She couldn't be a week pregnant. The whole end of the story just falls apart. Well, she can be a week pregnant but it isn't going to show up on a pregnancy test. And while she is home with her family she is "ovulating" and a week later her period is due? That is not how a woman's cycle works. And as far as HIV--three months. She isn't "clean"e has to get retested at 3 months.
Loved the book but I was confused by the ending. I almost felt like something was missing from the kindle edition that I have. There were lots of errors in my edition. Anyway, I found the novel smart and funny but the ending unraveled for me.
A reviewer described Atta's novel as "low on drama but rich in life" and I think that's a fairly apt description of this glimpse into the life of middle class Nigerians (some at home, some abroad). Political, personal and wholly enjoyable.
If you're looking to read more diversely, then I would recommend Sefi Atta. She provides a very nuanced look about life for Nigerians, in Nigeria and abroad. I will definitely be reading more books by Atta. And looking for more by this publisher, Interlink Publishing.
A worthy topic with an inticate story to tell but the writing is slow at times and choppy. The physical book does not help things with a poorly chosen font which makes for a frustrating read. Didn't finish but I might pick up later as the story is truly compelling.
An enjoyable read. The fairy tale like ending was a bit surprising. This book gives a nice insight into the contemporary world of people in Nigeria and the diaspora. I bet a bit of Sefi is in this book as just like the main character, she was a CPA at one time.
I found the main character in this book riveting. I miss her presence. The exploration of race, class, immigrant issues, gender issues powerful although slightly uneven.


Not transfering the course fee equals resignation from the course.
Addmission to the classes is determined by the registration order accompanied by fee transfer in due time.
The teachers decide about the final list of students they are going to teach.
All participants are given participation cerificates.
The organizers do not bear responsibility for accidents or theft.
The data entered in the form are used to contact the participant and prepare course documents.
It is highly recommended to take out a health and accident insurance policy.
Underage participants need to be accompanied by a parent or guardian, alternatively they need to send in their a permission to take part in the course on their own signed by their parent/guardian.


text:
Jul 31, 2018, 08:00am EDT
Regeneron CEO & CSO: The Real Healthcare Problem Is Bigger Than You Think
Jul 24, 2018, 01:33pm EDT
Pfizer CEO: How The Biopharmaceutical Industry Creates Value (And Jobs) For The U.S. Economy
Gradual Progress In Precision Non-Oncology, But Challenges Persist
Amid Executive Shuffle, Anthem Looks To Expand Health Services
'Forest Bathing' Really May Be Good For Health, Study Finds
Not Fun In The Sun: Summer Infections From Animals
Insurers To Trump: Suspending Payments For 'High-Need Patients' Roils Market
CDC: Over 200 Ill From Parasite Outbreak, Del Monte Recalls Vegetable Trays
Is Telemedicine Dead Before It Arrives?
Jan 13, 2017, 06:00am EST |
The Senate GOP Rushed To Repeal Obamacare -- And The House Is Set To Join Them
Judy Stone
I am an Infectious Disease specialist and author of Resilience: One Family's Story of Hope and Triumph over Evil and of Conducting Clinical Research, the essential guide to the topic.
52 million people under age 65 will again lose coverage due to pre-existing conditions
loss of insurance threatens lives, especially of children
The GOP is on a roll this week, as they hurry to ram through ill-planned legislation and cabinet appointments without adequate debate and oversight. By scheduling multiple Senate confirmation hearings on the same day, for example, they clearly illustrate that their intent is not fiscal conservatism or sound governance, but rather a display of (momentarily) unbridled power. Further, PEOTUS added to the smokescreen with his distract-and-deflect routine of holding a sham press conference this week. The conference was a display designed to both intimidate the press and divert our attention away from the confirmation hearings, his conflicts of interest and apparent ethics violations, alleged business dealings with the Russians, and Congress' hurried move to gut the Affordable Care Act (ACA, or Obamacare).
Here's the latest on the GOP's ill-considered plans for the Affordable Care Act, updated from my post last week.
For perspective, keep in mind that almost 50 million Americans (17%) were uninsured before Obamacare. Under the ACA, the uninsured rate has dropped to 11%. Repeal now will result in an estimated additional 22-30 million becoming uninsured.
How is this being done? First, the Republican Congress has maneuvered so that the first salvo in the repeal of health reform will go through the "budget reconciliation" process, rather than the traditional introduction of legislation. This is so it will be filibuster-proof.
Wednesday night there was a "vote-a-rama," an odd legislative display in which the minority party introduces amendments to a bill, which the majority quickly squashes. This process at least serves to put members clearly on the record on specific issues, in a small attempt at holding them accountable to their constituents. Some of the ACA amendments proposed last night were aimed at blocking:
bills that would reduce or eliminate access to mental health care (introduced by Sen. Debbie Stabenow (D-Mich.))
"cuts to Medicare that the Congressional Budget Office says would increase out-of-pocket costs for seniors"
insurance companies from discriminating against women ("make women sick again" bills, Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.))
allowing use of pre-existing conditions to exclude people from coverage or to make their insurance prohibitively expensive
The Republican-controlled Senate even killed a common-sense amendment by Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.) to allow Medicare to negotiate the price of drugs. So was a Republican proposal (Sen. Bob Corker's (R-Tenn.)) to push back report of the ACA reconciliation legislation from January 27 to March 3rd, to give more time for consideration. We certainly wouldn't want that.
Republicans say they are in support of some of the more popular provisions in the ACA, although they voted against them Wednesday night. They ask the public to trust them. But then we have Wyoming's Sen. Mike Enzi, chair of the Senate Budget Committee, comment on the process: "This commitment to an open, honest and transparent legislative process is crucial to helping Congress restore the trust of the American people."
Here's their idea of "open, honest, and transparent": last year, the non-partisan Congressional Budget Office's "cost analysis of repealing Obamacare" (2015) found repeal would increase the deficit by $353 billion. But under a rule promoted by Sen. Paul Ryan, the CBO has been essentially gagged, prohibited from reporting how much the ACA repeal will rapidly expand the deficit. Stabenow also wanted to require the CBO to score any legislation that changes the ACA. Her amendment was voted down.
Who will suffer the most from a repeal of the ACA?
Critically, 52 million people under age 65 will again lose coverage due to pre-existing conditions that will again make them uninsurable. Almost anything is a pre-existing exclusion, including everything from pregnancy, diabetes, heart disease, rape or domestic violence, down to hay fever.
Do NOT believe the claim from the GOP that pre-existing conditions will not be excluded for anyone who has maintained "continuous coverage" (hasn't let their coverage lapse). Too many people will be unable to maintain "continuous coverage" through no fault of their own, or will have lapses due to unemployment, divorce, illness or bureaucratic snafus.
Rural hospitals will be disproportionately hurt, as more of their income is from the ACA and Medicaid. Further, as Bruce Japsen noted, "A highly publicized report last week from the Milken Institute School of Public Health at the George Washington University and the Commonwealth Fund said 2.6 million people could lose their jobs in 2019 alone if the ACA is repealed."
Mental health problems were an exclusion prior to the ACA, which required that coverage must include mental health and substance use disorder services as "essential health benefits" and also required that coverage must be generally comparable to the benefits offered for medical and surgical benefits. Given the huge increase in opioid addiction, depression and PTSD, without this coverage, we'll likely have more violence as well, like last week's shooting at Ft. Lauderdale's airport.
We should be destigmatizing and increasing mental health coverage, not reducing it.
Having a child with a birth defect will likely bankrupt families without ACA, and they will be crushed by lifetime limits. (Medical costs were already a leading cost of bankruptcy overall).
Dr. Jen Gunter wrote compellingly about how she picked her employer in part because of their health insurance, and how loss of insurance threatens lives, especially of children .
Thanks to ACA repeal, children are again at risk, and will no longer have coverage until age 26 , which was a huge boon. The amendment from Sen. Tammy Baldwin, (D-Wis.) allowing young adults to stay on their parents' insurance until age 26 was defeated.
Contraceptive coverage will likely be gone soon, resulting in increased burdens on women, increased pregnancies and likely boosting the need for abortions. Kirsten Gillibrand's amendment to require continued access to or coverage of reproductive healthcare services was defeated.
Low-income individuals who received care through Medicaid expansion will lose this, as the amendment to continue this (Sen. Bob Menendez (D-N.J.)) was axed.
Children: The Republican Senators also voted against an amendment from Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio) that would continue their health coverage on Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP).
Veterans: Showing their patriotism, the Senate voted down an amendment by Sen. Tester (D-Mont.) that would have made it harder to restrict veterans' ability to access VA healthcare.
Obamacare is so unpopular that nearly 6.4 million people signed up for coverage in 2017, despite the threats of repeal. Early this morning, the Senate passed a bill beginning the process of repealing the ACA. It goes to the House, fittingly, on Friday the 13th.
Some alternatives being bandied about include replacing ACA with health savings accounts, vouchers or further privatizing care (e.g., for veterans) by having for-profit companies administering care.
Call your congresspersons, especially if they are Republican, and tell them how important health insurance is to you. Making legitimate improvements to the program is appropriate, but taking an axe to it is not.
You can find your representative's number here or by calling the Capitol's switchboard at 202-224-3121.
For future reference, or to complain about their vote, here's Senate contact info.


text:
Q: Vaadin: Force CSS-containers to fit full width after animation I am developing with Vaadin 7 and wanted to create a sidebar, which can be toggled visible via button click. The sidebar-container appears / disappears with a CSS rotation animation and folds to the right.
All the components are placed in CSSLayouts and organized like this (Every container represents one Layout-object):

I want the mainContainer to take the full width of the root-container when the sidebar is toggled invisible. My problem is that the sidebarContainer only shows up if I give it a static width (e.g. 300px). When invisible, a white blank space remains where the sidebar used to be.
Here some pictures showing my idea of the result:

My orientation was the Vaadin Sampler, where the menu Button unfolds a sidebar and the main content gets moved to the left. Which possibilities exist to realize such a smooth container resizing animation?
Thanks in advance!

A: I figured out how to solve the problem with a combination of styling and Java code.
The button click event resizes the .sidebarContainer cssLayout. When the sidebar is toggled invisible, the layout width is set to 0.
The sidebar container adapts two animation CSS classes for the opening and closing animations, which are also directed by the button click event.
Java
public void buttonClick(ClickEvent event) {

    if (sidebar.getStyleName().contains("sidebar-in"))
    {
        sidebar.removeStyleName("sidebar-in");
        sidebar.setStyleName("sidebar-out");
        sidebarContainer.setWidth(0,Unit.PIXELS);
        return;
    }

    sidebar.removeStyleName("sidebar-out");
    sidebar.setStyleName("sidebar-in");
    sidebarContainer.setWidth(300,Unit.PIXELS);
}

To let the .mainContainer shift as smoothly as in the Vaadin sampler application, I gave the .sidebarContainer a transition attribute. Now, when this container is resized by the button click event, the CSS ease-function creates a width-changing movement and the flex-layout of the mainContainer makes it stick to that movement. The sidebar itself is a panel inside the .sidebarContainer.
CSS
.mainContainer {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex: 1;
    order: 1;
    width: auto;
}

.sidebarContainer {
    order: 2;
    transition: width 1s ease;
    -moz-transition: width 1s ease;
}

.sidebar-in{
   animation: sidebarAnimationFramesIn ease 1s;
   animation-iteration-count: 1;
   transform-origin: 100% 50%;
   animation-fill-mode:forwards;
   width: 100%;
}

.sidebar-out{
   animation: sidebarAnimationFramesOut ease 1s;
   animation-iteration-count: 1;
   transform-origin: 100% 50%;
   animation-fill-mode:forwards;
   width: 100%;
}

I realized the toggle-animation of the sidebar by adding Keyframes in CSS

A: The good and the bad of a CSSPanel is that it is a white table, where everything can be done, but still needs to be write (like css styling and such).
I can suggesto to take a look at HorizontalSplitPanel where you should block and hide the separator. It should listen perfectly when you decide to collapse a side.
I havent tasted it right now on your use case but i have used before and never had an issue. Give it a go!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Lindsay Cooper, née le  à Hornsey et morte le  à Londres, est une musicienne britannique, dont les principaux instruments sont le hautbois, le basson et le piano. Elle est principalement connue pour avoir collaboré avec le groupe de rock expérimental Henry Cow, et fut aussi membre des groupes Comus, National Health, News from Babel et David Thomas and the Pedestrians. Elle est l'une des cofondatrices du Feminist Improvising Group avec Maggie Nicols en 1978.

Biographie

Les débuts (1965-1974)
Lindsay naît dans le quartier londonien de Hornsey. Elle prend ses premières leçons de piano à l'âge de 11 ans. Quelques années plus tard, elle décide de jouer du  basson, qui devient son instrument de prédilection.

Entre 1965 et 1968, elle étudie la musique classique au Dartington College of Arts  et au Royal College of Art. Elle joue au National Youth Orchestra of Great Britain et devient membre de la Royal Academy of Music. Vers la fin des années 1960, elle déménage pendant une année à New York où elle participe à plusieurs projets de musique.

Lorsqu'elle rentre en Angleterre au début des années 1970, elle abandonne la musique classique pour proposer ses talents à des formations de rock expérimental et intègre le groupe Comus. Elle ajoute le hautbois et la flûte à son répertoire instrumental et se prête à de nouvelles sessions d'enregistrement avec Mike Oldfield sur les albums Tubular Bells et Hergest Ridge, sortis en 1974 pour le label Virgin Records.

Sa rencontre avec Henry Cow, groupe de rock expérimental fondé à l'Université de Cambridge en 1968, lance véritablement sa carrière.

Collaboration avec Henry Cow (1974-1978)
En 1973, Lindsay Cooper est approchée par les membres d' Henry Cow qui lui proposent de se joindre à leur groupe, pour remplacer le saxophoniste et flûtiste Geoff Leigh, qui a quitté la formation. Elle participe aux enregistrements sur l'album Unrest l'année suivante. Toutefois, à l'issue d'une tournée en Scandinavie en , le groupe se réorganise. Lindsay quitte le groupe temporairement, mais le réintègre l'année suivante et poursuit sa collaboration sur chacun de ses albums, jusqu'à sa dissolution définitive en 1978. Dès 1977, Lindsay se distingue en devenant l'un des principaux compositeurs au sein de la formation, notamment sur l'album Western Culture en 1978.

De nouveaux projets (1978-1990)
Dès 1977, un an avant la fin du groupe Henry Cow, Lindsay Cooper cofonde le Feminist Improvising Group, une nouvelle formation de musiciens féminins, avec la chanteuse Maggie Nicols, Sally Potter, Georgie Bron (ex-membre du groupe d'Henry Cow) et la pianiste de jazz suisse Irène Schweizer. La formation entreprend de nombreuses tournées en Europe entre 1977 et 1982. En outre, Lindsay rejoint une nouvelle fois Comus, collabore avec le producteur Steve Hillage et apporte son concours au groupe de rock progressif Hatfield and the North pour l'enregistrement de l'album The Rotters Club en 1975. Par ailleurs, Lindsay Cooper rejoint le groupe National Health, mais le quitte peu de temps après le départ de Dave Stewart.

Le début de la décennie 1980 marque un tournant pour Lindsay qui enregistre son premier album solo : Rags. En 1982, elle forme son propre groupe de musique, le Lindsay Cooper Film Music Orchestra et se met à écrire et à composer des musiques de films pour la télévision, dont la bande-originale du film The Gold Diggers de Sally Potter en 1983, mettant en scène l'actrice britannique Julie Christie. La même année, elle fonde avec Chris Cutler le groupe de rock expérimental News from Babel, composant la musique de tous les titres des albums Work Resumed on the Tower en 1984 et  Letters Home en 1986.

Lindsay Cooper est connue pour son travail sur la musique de l'album live Oh Moscow, dont les textes sont écrits par Sally Potter. Composée en 1987, l'œuvre est présentée pour la première fois au Festival de jazz de Zurich le . Par la suite, des tournées s'enchaînent en Europe, aux États-Unis et à Moscou entre 1988 et 1993, qui connaissent un grand succès et font de Oh Moscow l'œuvre la plus célèbre de Lindsay Cooper. L'album est enregistré en octobre 1989, peu de temps avant la chute du Mur de Berlin, au cours de la septième édition du Festival international de musique actuelle de Victoriaville à Victoriaville au Québec. La performance sort en CD en 1991.

En 1990, Lindsay Cooper se rend en Australie où elle collabore avec la chanteuse Robyn Archer. En 1993, elle travaille avec John Wolf Brennan au sein de Creative Works Orchestra et se produit lors du Festival de jazz de Willisau.

Elle publie deux nouveaux albums, Schrödinger's Cat et An Angel on the Bridge en 1991. Lindsay propose sa propre création Concerto for Sopranino Saxophone and Strings au British Conservatory de Londres, commissionnée par l'European Women's Orchestra en 1992.

Décès
Lindsay Cooper souffre  de la sclérose en plaques, le diagnostic ayant été établi peu de temps avant la dissolution du groupe Henry Cow, mais elle ne le révèle que dans le courant des années 1990, lorsque son mal l'empêche de se produire sur scène. Elle meurt des suites de la maladie le  à Londres, et d'une pneumonie, contractée peu de temps avant sa mort.

Discographie (non exhaustive)

Albums solo
 1981 : Rags
 1983 : The Golddiggers
 1986 : Music for Other Occasions
 1991 : Oh Moscow
 1991 : An Angel on the Bridge
 1991 : Schroedinger's Cat
 1993 : Sahara Dust
 1998 : A View from the Bridge

Collaborations avec Mike Oldfield
 1974 : Tubular Bells
1974 : Hergest Ridge

Avec Henry Cow
 1974 : Unrest
 1976 : Henry Cow Concerts
 1979 : Western Culture

Avec Hatfield and the North
 1975 : The Rotters' Club

Avec Comus
 1974 : To Keep from Crying

Cinéma
 1983 : Musique et co-scénariste du film The Gold Diggers

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Vidéo de Oh Moscow
 Biographie de Lindsay Cooper sur le Magazine Paris Transatlantic

Hautboïste britannique
Flûtiste britannique
Musicienne de rock progressif
Musicienne de jazz
Musicienne anglaise
Compositrice britannique de musique de film
Étudiant du Royal College of Music
Naissance en mars 1951
Naissance à Hornsey
Décès en septembre 2013
Décès à Londres
Décès à 62 ans
Mort de la sclérose en plaques
Mort d'une pneumonie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Željko Kipke (Čakovec, 1953.) is a painter, film director, novelist and art critic. His painting is characterized by the analytical, eclectic, and theoretical completeness of the particular cycles. His career commenced with primary painting, developed through the usage of the geometric patterns that refer to the non-painting semantic field, and so far concluded in figuration. Since 1982 his practice includes theoretical and criticism, and he started publishing articles and reviews in newspapers and magazines. He lives in Zagreb, Croatia.


awtm Specific techniques of the ultrasonic method to which this practice applies include pulse-reflection techniques, both contact and non-contact for example, as described in Guide Eand angle beam immersion techniques. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the awtm of regulatory limitations prior to use. These procedures have been used successfully for smaller sizes, however, and may be specified upon contractural agreement between the using parties.
Artificial reflectors consisting of longitudinal, and, when specified by the using party or parties, transverse reference notches placed on the surfaces of a reference standard are employed as the primary means of standardizing the ultrasonic system.
Atsm ASTM E Asfm for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe Tube This practice covers a procedure for detecting discon- tinuities in metal pipe and steel tubing during a volumetric exami- nation using ultrasonic methods.
These may be specified upon contractual agreement between the using parties. In a set of two constant material at constant atmospheric pressure and temperature, sound behaves exactly the same.
Historical Version s – view previous versions of standard. This practice covers a procedure for detecting discon- tinuities in metal pipe and steel tubing during a volumetric exami- nation using ultrasonic methods.
The SI equivalents are in parentheses and may be approximate. Technical Discussions views Acoustic Emission Consulting, Inc.
If transverse as well as longitudinal examination is desired, a procedure for employing transverse notches is provided. Link to Active This link will always route to the current Active version of the standard. The procedure inAnnexA2 may be used to determine the helical scan pitch. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
Do I need to make axial and circurmferential nothces and to scan 2 directions axial and 2 circumferential for best results? The procedure in Annex A2 may be used to determine the helical scan pitch. Kusnadi, I believe you misunderstood. Kusnadi, Acoustical properties means how the sound behaves in a material.
ASTM E Standard for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe Tube This practice covers a procedure for detecting discon- r213 in metal pipe and steel tubing during a volumetric exami- nation using ultrasonic methods.
Referenced Documents purchase separately The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard astj are not provided as part of the standard.
These procedures have been successful with smaller sizes.
My question what is the meaning of "acoustical properties"? If you have any change in mechanical properties there will be a change in acoustic property. Because before I got a question from a client about the grade of the reference standard used is different from the grade of material being tested The conclusion that the sound velocity for both materials are the same or in other words that the mechanical properties do not always change the acoustical properties, do you zstm Referenced Documents purchase separately The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
Active view current version of aetm.
The SI equivalents are in parentheses and may be approximate. Certain combinations of search unit size, frequency, thin wall thicknesses, and small diameters could cause generation of unwanted sound waves that may produce erroneous test results. These procedures have been successful with smaller sizes. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. These procedures are intended to ensure that proper beam angles and beam shapes are used to provide full volume coverage of pipes and tubes, including those with low ratios of outside diameter-to-wall thickness, and to avoid spurious signal responses when examining small-diameter, thin-wall tubes.
Artificial discontinuities consisting of longitudinal reference notches are employed as the primary means aastm calibrating the ultrasonic system.
In short no transfer loss. So for every pipe or tube of same grade you have to make calibration block with the same grade from the same lot.
The SI equivalents are in parentheses and may be approximate. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
The procedure in Annex A1 is applicable to pipe and tubing used in nuclear and other special and safety applica- tions. The reference pipe or tube shall be free of discontinuities or other conditions producing indications that can interfere with detection of the reference notches.


In order to ensure everyone's safety, students are not allowed to play in the parking lot area in the upper or lower parking lot (e.g., basketball, tag, four square, football) before 3:30 pm or when the cars have all left the lot. Between 3:15 and 3:30 the ONLY area in which children may play is the upper lot big toy while being supervised by a parent. At 3:30 the upper lot big toy needs to be cleared for use by children in the ESS program.
When bringing dogs to school at pick-up time, they must be on a leash and under the control of an adult at all times for the safety of our students, staff, and parents, as well as the safety of the dogs. Dogs that become aggressive toward people or other dogs must be removed to a car or taken off of the school property immediately.
Thank you for your assistance in making our school safe for all.


text:
Putin's Ambitious Plan to Overhaul Russia's Economy Will Cost $390 Bln, Government Estimates
Russia will spend 25.7 trillion rubles ($391 billion) on carrying out President Vladimir Putin's expansive promises to overhaul Russia's economy by the end of his last term in office, according to a new government estimate.
After his inauguration last May, Putin outlined plans to spend at least 8 trillion rubles on infrastructure and social issues until 2024. Some of the goals set in his 17-point executive order, known as the "May Decrees," include halving poverty and turning Russia into a top-5 world economy, while investing heavily in healthcare, education and infrastructure.
New Sanctions Risk Wrecking Putin's 6-Year Plan, Kudrin Warns
The 13 national projects created to accomplish the president's goals will cost 25.7 trillion rubles over the next six years, according to a plan published on the government's website on Monday.
Non-energy infrastructure will be the most expensive project of the plan, at a cost of 6.4 trillion rubles, followed by roads at 4.8 trillion, ecology at 4 trillion and demography at 3.1 trillion.
According to the government plan, 13.1 trillion rubles will come from the federal budget, 4.9 trillion from regional budgets and 7.5 trillion rubles from "extrabudgetary sources."
Read more about: Economy
Ignorance is bliss
Russia Dodges Bad Data With Less Frequent Publications
At least three state-backed agencies started publishing data less frequently when it reflected a poor economy and lagging public opinion.
Sluggish Growth
Russia Records Slightly Improved but Still Weak GDP Growth of 0.9%
Economists speculate that the pick up was due to an improvement in industry and an easing pace of contraction in the wholesale trade sector.
14% of Russians Are Considered Middle Class – Official Data
The analysis categorized those who are able to afford a mortgage and a car lease and have some cash leftover afterward as being middle class.
Why the Russian Government Can't Attain Economic Growth
At first glance, the economy is in good shape. But something isn't right.


Individual: Single member without children.
Family*: Married couple or two individuals living in a partnered relationship, with or without children; single parents with children.
Full-Time Student: Individuals pursuing an undergraduate or post-graduate degree.
Young Professional: First-time members aged 20-35.
BJ Friend**: For those living outside of the tri-state area or beyond commuting distance from the synagogue.
* Family membership includes children 23 years and under.
** BJ Friend Membership does not include admission to High Holy Days services, but does allow you to purchase entrance cards for yourself and your guests at $600 each.
Our sliding scale dues structure allows for significant flexibility, while also helping to ensure the financial health and sustainability of our community. Members pay dues based on their household income, found in the sliding scale plan below. You will not be asked to provide financial documentation of your income; we simply request that each member pledge honestly.
If you are having financial difficulties this year, please do not hesitate to contact the Membership Department to discuss dues or payment plans. No one will be denied membership because of financial circumstances. All financial information is confidential. If you join after October 1, dues are prorated each quarter (except for the BJ Friend membership).
* Security fee is optional for these Membership Types.
For first-time members, couples, or families where at least one adult in the household is aged 20-35. Renewing members who joined BJ at this rate pay dues in $180 increments for the first three years, or until age 35. If you are in a comfortable financial position, we encourage you to pay the sliding scale dues above.
To strengthen our security systems, BJ implemented a one-time security fee of $180 in 2017. Those who paid the security fee last year will not be asked to do so again this year. For those in lower income categories, there is an option to pay a reduced security fee or skip it altogether. This contribution will fund upgrades such as increased security camera coverage and enhanced alarm systems throughout the BJ campus, as well as additional security personnel during peak programming, Shabbat, and holidays.


text:
Chicago Bulls News
Zach LaVine Is In Elite Company
Conner Grant
Anyone who has watched the Chicago Bulls over the last 3 seasons can tell you one thing, shooting guard Zach LaVine is an elite shooter. In the Bull's loss against the LA Clippers LaVine scored 45 points on 57.7% shooting. LaVine hit 10 threes against the Clippers and showed his shooting talent is elite. After the game, LaVine found himself in elite company when it comes to hitting 10 threes in a game.
The dude is a walking bucket. In some elite company here.#BullsNation pic.twitter.com/XYPHmJ4zSE
— Conner Grant (@Connergrant31) January 11, 2021
LaVine is only one of five current NBA players with multiple games with 10+ threes. He finds himself surrounded by Warriors guards Steph Curry and Klay Thompson, Blazers guard Damian Lillard, and Rockets guard James Harden. That is some pretty great company to be surrounded by. This isn't new for LaVine who has shown many times he can be an elite scorer. The difference this year is he doesn't have to play hero ball as the team is improving. Let's take a look at LaVine's numbers so far this season.
Moving up in Bulls history
Put some respect on his name
While we are only eleven games into this young season we still need to look at LaVine thus far. He is absolutely balling out so far. Look at his stretch over the last 4 games during the team's west coast road trip.
Zach LaVine's 4-game trip avgs:
33.3 points
6.3 assists
5.8 rebounds
3.8 turnovers
53.3 percent FG%
45.5 percent 3PT%
LaVine has absolutely stepped it up a notch over the last four games and he doesn't appear to be losing steam. Unfortunately for the Bulls, they lost three out of their last four but they were all very close. The Bulls are still figuring out their identity under new head coach Billy Donovan but even in those losses it still felt like the future was bright for the Bulls. Let's look at where LaVine is currently sitting with his overall stats this season.
He's 4th in the NBA in ppg this season and 14th in the league in three-pointers made per game. He has gotten better each season and he hopes to continue that trajectory the rest of this season. While it's unfortunate that these big games continue to occur during losses in time that will be different. This Bulls team has a long way to go but LaVine has consistently kept them afloat.
LaVine is slowly moving his way up in the Bulls history books. He became just the third Bulls player ever to record 10 or more 40+ point games.
Zach LaVine is the 3rd player in Bulls history to record at least 10 40-point games, joining Michael Jordan and Bob Love.
Jordan had 165. Love had 13. pic.twitter.com/3l0mqHt0iK
— ESPN Stats & Info (@ESPNStatsInfo) January 10, 2021
While it's going to be tough to catch the GOAT he certainly can get past Bob Love this season. Before the end of this year, LaVine may find himself behind only Michael Jordan for most 40+ point games for the Bulls. This alone is quite an impressive stat. On top of that LaVine is in a category of his own in Chicago.
Games with 10+ threes in Bulls history:
2 — Zach Lavine (including today)
0 — Every other Bulls player pic.twitter.com/fYHDZajcoL
— StatMuse (@statmuse) January 10, 2021
There aren't many categories that you can be the sole leader in with the Bulls. There have been many great players who come through Chicago and leave their mark. LaVine is making sure that he has a category to himself. He has shown his shooting skills throughout his tenure with the Bulls and it's time to get this man to the playoffs. That is the one thing that continuously is criticized about LaVine.
The biggest criticism of LaVine is that he hasn't made it to the playoffs or brought his team consistent wins. He has been marked as a #2 player on a team and not a #1 by many. While that may be valid it's something that hasn't been able to been seen in true fashion. Every team LaVine has been a part of has been deeply flawed. From the roster makeup to the coaches, he hasn't been given a fair shake. As this Bulls team grows we will finally get to see how LaVine can play with a solid supporting cast. It's going to take time but this team can get there.
Either way, LaVine is an elite-level scorer. He deserves to be respected as such. If other teams aren't going to respect his shot expect to see many more 40+ games from him. Zach LaVine is a walking bucket and it's time for the NBA to notice.
Zach LaVine looking like an All-Star this year for the @chicagobulls 👀
Averaging 23.8 PPG | 4.6 RPG | 4.4 APG
Also hit a nasty dagger to beat the Blazers last night 🔥pic.twitter.com/ixUoPgRYxY
— Bleacher Report (@BleacherReport) January 6, 2021
Lifelong Chicago sports fan raised in Las Vegas. Purdue University graduate. An engineer by trade, Bulls superfan by choice.
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