text:
The Sparkling C API
===================

The Sparkling API is bidirectional: the native host program and a Sparkling
script can control each other.

Loading, compiling and running Sparkling scripts
------------------------------------------------
Sparkling is a compiled language: the interpreter performs the usual
transformations on the code before running it. Namely, source code is broken
into tokens by the lexer, the token stream is analyzed by the parser to form
an abstract syntax tree (AST), then the AST is walked by the compiler, a step
where actual executable code (bytecode) is generated.

Then, the bytecode is fed into the virtual machine (VM) which executes the
instructions and responds with the return value of the program.

The Sparkling API provides data types and functions for all these tasks.

    typedef struct SpnParser SpnParser;

`SpnParser` represents the parser (no surprise here). Its API consists of
memory management (creation, destruction) functions, an actual parser function
and error handling.

    typedef struct SpnAST SpnAST;

An abstract syntax tree object. AST nodes have at most two children, and
they are connected in a righ-leaning manner (the first child is called the
left child, the second child is the right child).

    void spn_parser_init(SpnParser *);

Initializes a parser object.

    void spn_parser_free(SpnParser *);

Deallocates resources that the parser object owns.

    SpnAST *spn_parser_parse(SpnParser *, const char *);

This function takes Sparkling source text and parses it into an AST. On error,
sets the error message and returns `NULL`. The returned AST shall be freed
using `spn_ast_free()` after use.

    typedef struct SpnCompiler SpnCompiler;

A compiler takes the syntax tree of a program and outputs a bytecode image.
This bytecode can be run on the Sparkling virtual machine.

    SpnCompiler *spn_compiler_new(void);
    void spn_compiler_free(SpnCompiler *);

Memory management functions.

    SpnFunction *spn_compiler_compile(SpnCompiler *, SpnAST *, int debug);

Compiles an AST into bytecode. Returns a callable function object on success,
a `NULL` pointer on error. The returned function object holds an owning pointer
to the generated bytecode, so unless you are using the convenience context API,
you must `spn_value_release()` it after use.) If `debug` is nonzero, the
returned function will contain debugging information.

The Sparkling bytecode format is platform-dependent, i. e. bytecode generated
on some platform will always run on the same platform, it may be serialized
to file safely and it can be retrieved and run in another host program/process,
but this is not portable *across* different platforms. (Specifically, the
size of the `long` data type, the representation of floating-point numbers,
the representation of negative signed integers and endianness may vary.)

    const char *spn_compiler_errmsg(SpnCompiler *);

Returns the last error message. Check this if the compilation of an AST failed.

    typedef struct SpnVMachine SpnVMachine;

A virtual machine is an object that manages the execution of bytecode images.

    SpnVMachine *spn_vm_new(void);
    void spn_vm_free(SpnVMachine *);

Memory management functions.

    void spn_vm_addlib_cfuncs(SpnVMachine *vm, const char *libname,
        const SpnExtFunc fns[], size_t n);

Registers `n` native (C language) extension functions to be made visible by all
scripts running on the specified virtual machine instance. if `libname` is NULL,
the functions will be available at global namespace. Else a new global array
will be created with the name `libname`, and the functions will be members of
this global array. This is how you can create "modules" or "namespaces".

    void spn_vm_addlib_values(SpnVMachine *vm, const char *libname,
        SpnExtValue fns[], size_t n);

This function is similar to `spn_vm_addlib_cfuncs()`, but it accepts any valid
`SpnValue`, not just C extension functions.

    SpnHashMap *spn_vm_getglobals(SpnVMachine *vm);

This functions gives access to the global symbols currently registered with
the virtual machine. This comes handy when one wants to call a function with
a specific name: given a name, it is possible to get an `SpnValue` out of
the hashmap that corresponds to the function with the specified name. It is
also possible to set (add or replace) a global constant using the C api.
That should be done very carefully, though.

    void *spn_vm_getcontext(SpnVMachine *);

Returns the context info of the virtual machine. This is set and retrieved by
the user exclusively. It's important mainly when one want to communicate with
extension functions.

    void spn_vm_setcontext(SpnVMachine *vm, void *ctx);

Sets the context info of `vm` to the user-supplied `ctx`.

    const char *spn_vm_geterrmsg(SpnVMachine *);

If a runtime error occurred, returns the last error message.

    void spn_vm_seterrmsg(SpnVMachhine *, const char *, const void *[]);

This function should only be called from within a native extension function,
in case of erroneous termination (before returning a non-zero status code).
It sets a custom - formatted - error message that will be returned by
`spn_vm_geterrmsg()`.

    SpnStackFrame *spn_vm_stacktrace(SpnVMachine *vm, size_t *n);

Returns an array of stack frame descriptor structures (`SpnStackFrame`).
The return value must be `free()`d after use.
On return, `*n` contains the number of stack frames.

The `SpnStackFrame` structure has the following fields:

    SpnFunction *function;
	ptrdiff_t exc_address;
    ptrdiff_t return_address;
    void *sp;

The `function` member is an `SpnFunction` pointer that points to the
function object corresponding to the stack frame. You can use its `name`
member to generate a symbolicated stack trace.

The `exc_address` member contains an approximation of the address where
the actual runtime error has occurred. For the 0th frame, this is the
same as the return value of `spn_vm_exception_addr()`; for frames #1
and above, this is computed from the return address of the caller.
(the frame of the caller of the function in the `i`th frame is the
frame at index `i - 1`.)

The `return_address` member contains the offset into the bytecode of the
caller of `function` where control flow would have been transferred if the
function had returned normally. If `return_address` is negative, then the
caller of the function is a native C function, and not a Sparkling script
function.

`sp` is an opaque pointer. It holds information about the registers in
the given stack frame. It is used by `spn_vm_get_register()`.

    SpnValue spn_vm_get_register(SpnStackFrame *frame, size_t index);

If `frame` corresponds to a Sparkling function (top-level program, closure
or non-closure script function), then returns the value of the `index`th
register in the stack frame. Along with the debug information, this can
be useful for e. g. inspecting the value of certain variables or other
expressions.

If `frame` corresponds to a native (C) extension function, or `index`
is too high (>= the number of registers in the stack frame), then the
behavior is undefined.

**The returned value handle is non-owning,** i. e. it is invalidated
by a subsequent function call initiated on the corresponding virtual
machine object or by the decallocation of the virtual machine object.

    ptrdiff_t spn_vm_exception_addr(SpnVMachine *vm);

If the last runtime error has been thrown by Sparkling code (a script
function or top-level program), then returns the offset into the bytecode
of the offending VM instruction. Otherwise (when the last error has been
caused by a native extension function, or when there hasn't been any
run-time exceptions so far), this function returns a negative value.

    int spn_vm_callfunc(
        SpnVMachine *vm,
        SpnFunction *fn,
        SpnValue *retval,
        int argc,
        SpnValue *argv
    );

This function makes it possible to call any Sparkling (or native) function
from C code (eg. from native extension functions or the host environment).

On return, the value pointed by `retval' contains the return value of the
called function. This is an owning structure: you must spn_value_release()
it when you don't need it anymore. The returned value may refer to the
program and/or bytecode, so you must not use the value after the main
program itself has been deallocated. Usually this is not a problem, since
normally, when using the context API, the lifetime of the programs is tied
to the lifetime of the corresponding context object, and one should only
free the context object when one doesn't use the Sparling engine anymore.

Throws a runtime error if:

1. its `fn` argument does not contain a value of function type, or
2. if `fn` is a native function and it returns a non-zero status code.

Script functions are tied to their top-level program, so if `fn` is not a
native funciton, then it should be implemented in a translation unit that
has already been executed at least once.

Returns the status code of `fn`.

**This is the function that you can use to run compiled Sparkling programs.
It is used by the context API too, for the same purpose.**

**Important:** if `spn_vm_callfunc()` returns nonzero (indicating that the
called function failed in some way or another), then your native extension
function (the caller) is **obliged** to return an error code as well; there's
no possibility for graceful error recovery. This is required because of an
implmentation detail: each native function has its own "pseudo-frame" on the
call stack in order it to be shown in the stack trace if it returns an error
status code. If it terminates normally, then this pseudo-frame is, of course,
popped off of the call stack. If, however, the function reports an error, the
dummy frame isn't removed (so that the stack trace is complete).

Now, if a non-native caller function tries to access its frame, this will
lead to an off-by-one (or two, or however many functions do not follow this
convention) error, and the caller will operate on the frame of another
function, corrputing the stack.

For the same reason, you must not attempt to call another function using
`spn_vm_callfunc()` after a runtime error has occurred.

Usually, this constraint should not be a problem, though -- only fatal errors
should lead a function to return an error status code anyway. Non-critical
errors (from which recovery is considered possible) should be reported by the
means of some other mechanism (e. g. by returning `nil' or a Boolean status
flag to the caller).

Using the convenience context API
---------------------------------
The Sparkling API also provides an even easier interface, called the context
API. **This API is the preferred way of accessing the Sparkling engine.**
A context object encapsulates a parser, a compiler, a virtual machine,
and each bytecode file that has been loaded into that context.

    void spn_ctx_init(SpnContext *ctx);
    void spn_ctx_free(SpnContext *ctx);

These functions initialize and destroy a context object. `spn_ctx_init()` sets
the context object itself as the context info of the contained virtual machine.
If you need user info (e. g. from within an extension function), use the
`spn_ctx_getuserinfo()` and `spn_user_setuserinfo()` functions.

    enum spn_error_type spn_ctx_geterrtype(SpnContext *ctx);
    const char *spn_ctx_geterrmsg(SpnContext *ctx);
    SpnSourceLocation spn_ctx_geterrloc(SpnContext *ctx);

These functions return the type, description and location in the source code
of the last error that occurred in the context. If no error occurred, the error
type is `SPN_ERROR_OK`, and in this case, the description is a `NULL` pointer,
and the location is `{ line: 0, colum: 0 }`.

    SpnFunction *spn_ctx_compile_string(SpnContext *ctx, const char *str, int debug);
    SpnFunction *spn_ctx_compile_srcfile(SpnContext *ctx, const char *fname, int debug);
    SpnFunction *spn_ctx_compile_expr(SpnContext *ctx, const char *expr, int debug);

These functions attempt to parse and compile a source string. If an error is
encountered during either phase, they set an error message and they return
`NULL`. Else they return a function pointing to the compiled bytecode.
This value is non-owning -- it should not be released explicitly,
because it is deallocated when you free the context object.

The first two functions expect the source string or the contents of the source
file to be a full top-level program (i. e. zero or more statements), while
`spn_ctx_compile_expr()` waits for a single **expression.**

The bytecode objects are accumulated inside the context object, in the form of
an `SpnArray`. This array can be accessed through `spn_ctx_getprograms()`.
(See the warning about the returned array being read-only at the documentation
of the `spn_ctx_getprograms()` function!)

    SpnFunction *spn_ctx_loadobjfile(SpnContext *ctx, const char *fname);

Reads a compiled object file and returns a non-owning function representing
its contents.
Adds the function to the beginning program list, as described above. On error,
it returns a null pointer.

    int spn_ctx_execstring(SpnContext *ctx, const char *str, SpnValue *ret);
    int spn_ctx_execsrcfile(SpnContext *ctx, const char *fname, SpnValue *ret);
    int spn_ctx_execobjfile(SpnContext *ctx, const char *fname, SpnValue *ret);

These wrapper functions call the corresponding `spn_ctx_load*` function, but
they also attempt to execute the resulting compiled bytecode, and they copy the
result of the successfully executed program to `ret` and return zero.
On error, they set an appropriate error type and error message.

    int spn_ctx_callfunc(
        SpnContext *ctx,
        SpnFunction *func,
        SpnValue *ret,
        int argc,
        SpnValue argv[]
    );

    void spn_ctx_runtime_error(SpnContext *ctx, const char *fmt, const void *args[]);

    SpnStackFrame *spn_ctx_stacktrace(SpnContext *ctx, size_t *size);

    ptrdiff_t spn_ctx_exception_addr(SpnContext *ctx);

    void spn_ctx_addlib_cfuncs(SpnContext *ctx, const char *libname,
        const SpnExtFunc fns[], size_t n);

    void spn_ctx_addlib_values(SpnContext *ctx, const char *libname,
        SpnExtValue vals[], size_t n);

    SpnHashMap *spn_ctx_getglobals(SpnContext *ctx);

These are equivalent with calling `spn_vm_callfunc()`, `spn_vm_seterrmsg()`,
`spn_vm_stacktrace()`, `spn_vm_exception_addr()`, `spn_vm_addlib_cfuncs()`,
`spn_vm_addlib_values()` and `spn_vm_getglobals()`, respectively, on `ctx->vm`.

    SpnArray *spn_ctx_getprograms(SpnContext *ctx);

Returns an array of SpnValue objects, which are functions representing the
top-level programs that have been added to the context. **You must not modify
the returned array in any way.**

Writing native extension functions
----------------------------------
Native extension functions must have the following signature:

    int my_extfunc(SpnValue *ret, int argc, SpnValue *argv, void *ctx);

Whenever a registered native function is called from within a Sparkling script,
the corresponding C function receives a pointer where the return value must be
written (this is initialized to `nil` by default, so if a function doesn't set
this argument, it will return `nil` into Sparkling-land), the number of
arguments it was called with in `argc`, and a pointer of the first element of
the argument vector, which is an array of `argc` value structures.

The user-controlled context info field of the virtual machine is also passed
to extension functions in the `ctx` parameter.

Native extension functions must return 0 on success or nonzero on error
(returning a non-zero value will generate a runtime error in the VM).
The `argv` array and its members are never to be modified; the only exception
to this rule is that the user can retain the members (along with copying them)
to store them for later use. In this case, they are to be released as well.
Memory management functions `spn_value_retain()` and `spn_value_release()` are
provided for this purpose.

One word about the return value. Values are represented using the `SpnValue`
struct, which is essentially a tagged union (with some additional flags).
Values can be of type `nil`, Boolean, number (integer or floating-point),
function, user info, string, array and hashmap. Strings, arrays, hashmaps,
functions and user info values marked as such are object types (i. e. they have
their `SPN_FLAG_OBJECT` flag set in the structure). It means that they are
reference counted. As an implementation detail, it is required that if a native
extension funcion returns a value of such an object type, then it shall own a
reference to it (because internally, it will be released by the virtual machine
when it's not needed anymore). So, if, for example, one of the arguments is
returned from a function (not impossible), then it should be retained.

In other words: the following is **wrong:**

    int memory_corruption(SpnValue *ret, int argc, SpnValue *argv, void *ctx)
    {
        if (argc > 0)
            *ret = argv[0];

        return 0;
    }

This is how it should have been done:

    int well_done(SpnValue *ret, int argc, SpnValue *argv, void *ctx)
    {
        if (argc > 0) {
            spn_value_retain(&argv[0]);
            *ret = argv[0];
        }

        return 0;
    }

Use the convenience value constructor functions in `api.h`, `str.h`, `array.h`,
`hashmap.h` and `func.h` in order to create value structs of any type.

Sparkling API functions typically copy and retain input values, and return
non-owning pointers when giving output to the caller. Thus, if you want to
use a value longer than an immediate operation, you typically retain **and**
copy the structure too. In the other direction, when you supply a value to a
function, you can pass the address of an automatic local (block-scope)
variable -- it will be safely copied, and the value inside will also be
retained if it's an object.

Accessing debug information
---------------------------

A Sparkling compiler instance can be asked to generate debugging information.
This information is then available in the `debug_info` member of the resulting
function (the one which contains the bytecode for the top-level program).

The debug info contains implementation-defined data which maps low-level
bytecode addresses, register numbers, etc. to source lines, columns and
variable names, etc.

    void spn_dbg_set_filename(SpnHashMap *debug_info, const char *fname);

By default, the compiler doesn't ask for a filename, even if it is generating
debug information. (The reationale behind this design decision is that not
all Sparkling programs may have been created from a file, and I didn't want
to make the compiler api a complete pain to use.)

So, if you know that a particular program has been created from a file,
you can use this function to register the file name in the debug info.

    const char *spn_dbg_get_filename(SpnHashMap *debug_info);

Returns the filename set using `spn_dbg_get_filename()` or `"???"` if
no file name was set and/or `debug_info` was `NULL`.

    SpnSourceLocation spn_dbg_get_frame_source_location(SpnStackFrame frame);

Returns a source location object corresponding to the error location
in `frame`. `frame` must have been obtained via a call to `spn_vm_stacktrace()`
or `spn_ctx_stacktrace()`. If no corresponding location info is found,
returns `(0, 0)`.

    SpnSourceLocation spn_dbg_get_raw_source_location(
        SpnHashMap *debug_info,
        ptrdiff_t address
    );

Returns the source location for an arbitrary address pointing inside
a bytecode array described by `debug_info`.

If `debug_info` is `NULL` or the location couldn't be determined,
returns `(0, 0)`.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Hello, I'm Jodi McCredo, Beacon Parent and taxpayer. Over the past few months many community members, including myself, have been coming to these meetings attempting to improve things in this district, and meeting after meeting we are told to move forward. We would love to, but unfortunately the current environment is a toxic one and we are unable to move forward until significant changes are made.
Problems aren't solved by sweeping them under the rug. Teachers don't feel more appreciated when they're told that forced transfers will be done better in the future. Parents and community members don't feel welcome and engaged when their words are twisted or ignored.
My children have had amazing experiences with their teachers, teaching assistants, and aides, and I am so grateful for all of the staff members at JV Forrestal that we are in contact with daily. What saddens me is the knowledge that things could be so much better for all of our children with the proper leadership.
How great would it be if we utilized the amazing skills of our teachers for professional development, instead of paying hundreds of thousands of dollars on consultants.
How great would be if we could implement more amazing programs and educational experiences, such as overnight trips, for our kids, instead of questioning the one that has been in place for years?
How great would it be to send our kids to schools with more opportunities for foreign language and advanced placement classes, instead of cutting the ones we have?
How great would it be to send our kids to schools with more resources, such as tablets and laptops (I'm looking at you, unused technology grant) instead of having many start the year without the required textbooks and programs necessary to do their basic work?
To have a district that invests money in hiring the right people for necessary positions, such as a guidance coordinator who is able to handle scheduling, instead of having to hire consultants with high price tags that still mess it up?
To have parent teacher conferences a couple of months BEFORE report cards so that a strategy can be worked on to improve grades instead of talking about them?
How great would it be if ideas from the community were met with enthusiasm, instead of excuses?
If our teachers felt empowered, rather than afraid?
If involved parents were thanked, rather than insulted.
I love Beacon and my children are 8 and 4 so we have a long way to go in this district.
I want my children in a district where I know there is equality among all of the elementary schools.
Where all children in all grade levels have opportunities to work with computers on coding and programming and robotics to prepare them for the future.
Where mentors are in place to catch the most at risk students BEFORE they slip through the cracks.
Where drop out prevention actually builds up electives that keep students engaged and wanting to come to school.
Where the district leaders, instead of telling us why these things aren't possible here, work with us to make it possible.
We have so much potential. We have wonderful teachers, an incredible support staff, and amazing kids. We have an amazing community here of caring, intelligent, involved parents with a diverse range of talents and skills. We can do this together. BEACON KIDS DESERVE BETTER!


This is the time to mourn. The church must wake up and mourn. I am talking to the church as a whole on earth, not just America, China, Europe, Africa, Asia, Third world or first world. I am calling out to both the traditional evangelical and the Spirit-filled and Bible believing-all who believe the reality and truthfulness of the words of God both Old and New Testament, from Genesis to revelation. This is the time to wake up from narrowness and exclusiveness. Just look at Jesus. The example He set while on earth! Look at the apostles, Peter's call to the Gentile's home, Paul's call to the world of demons (idolatry-infested world), and all the apostles and disciples of the first church who were scattered all over the world before Christianity. No, I am not talking about missionaries going now to the foreign worlds. I am talking about your own home ground your own nation wherever you are if you can read English and this blog. Wake up and stop one thing before you go out and evangelize. Stop your physical mind's prejudices. Look at Jesus. What He did not do and what He did. Be led by the Holy Spirit as you read.
1. He did not ask a man of other faith to kill anyone (regardless what they believed in or their lifestyle was)in the name of God.
2. He did not condemn anyone except the religious hypocrites who stopped people from coming to Jesus and believing in the Good News Jesus brought to all mankind.
3. Even so, Jesus did not kill or send anyone to kill the hypocrites.
4. He did not condone anyone judging another.
5. He did not agree to using physical force (violence) to resolve injustice within a nation.
1. Jesus came to save sinners and healed the sick.
2. Jesus put forgiveness as number one consideration, even for His enemies.
3. Jesus associated/socialized with sinners.
4. Jesus showed love and compassions.
By agreeing with the thieves who came in to steal, kill and destroy lives, the church becomes accomplice to murder. Don't you ever realize that in the spiritual realm the territorial spirits fight among themselves? Their number one ruler does his own harvest of souls by pitching his subordinates one against another.
You may ask, when the time is so bleak and you need to choose between two imperfect candidates for your national number one, whom should you choose? Didn't the Bible show you the history of Israel, in the bleakest time when they were besieged by the strongest enemies and their own weakest kings ever? What did God ask prophet Jeremiah do? Jeremiah became the national number one traitor because he gave his countrymen an oracle that they were to choose the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar instead of choosing the Egyptian king Necho II. There was no other option. God told them to choose Nebuchadnezzar. Did Nebuchadnezzar do a good job in finishing off the other enemies of God? He did. On the other hand, Necho II failed in his many attempted negotiations and alliances.
The Israelites refused to listen to the divine oracle and thus suffered defeat and were still taken to Babylon for a season to be cleansed, healed, to recuperate and restore their spiritual strength just as prophesied. These deportations are dated to 597 BC for the first, with others dated at 587/586 BC, and 582/581 BC respectively. After the fall of Babylon to the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 539 BC, exiled Judeans were permitted to return to Jerusalem and Judah of Israel. The temple of Jerusalem and the walls were re-built. Worship of the true God resumed.
This is a record of the history of God. When Christians read God's history and look at what Jesus did to demonstrate how things in this world are done, we will know what to choose and who to vote for. We shall always align with the plan of God even in the bleakest time in our own history. Look at Jesus and look at the two choices, which do you think is more like Nebuchadnezzar? Who do you think will bring your nation out of its weakling's position? Who is the strong man? Who will be given the might to defeat the many foes inside and outside? Was Nebuchadnezzar a godly man? Not at the beginning. But in the book of Daniel he finally encountered the reality of the God of Israel, our God. And Nebuchadnezzar turned over a new leaf.
Jesus demonstrated this equally seemingly unusual choice by choosing the chief tax collector, the ungodly rich man Zacchaeus in the land of Israel as his host for a dinner party. The Son of God Himself gave this honor and privilege to a person disliked and even hated by many fellow Jews. In today's term, a most un-Christian person. What happened after he encountered Jesus? He was transformed and saved. He did lots of good deeds to his fellow countrymen.
Summary: Look at the divine records.
Receive from God: More good gifts!
The verses came out this morning when the watchman used his phone to message his loved ones, sharing how he has received God's super-abundant supernatural blessings to his prayers. He shares that they are to read James today. An hour later he opens the online Bible with the Lord's prompting with the intention to to get the verses of James for this blog post, behold, the online Bible already shows a quote from James on the same subject. God is awesome and faithful and the watchman hears God.
How did Isaac become the righteous man? Was he righteous all the time? Was he human? When we read his history we realize that he has human flaws and weaknesses like his dad Abraham. God chose the meek to inherit the land. Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were all the meek. They were given the super-abundant blessings of God. They were men of faith and they took action of faith to obey God regardless of what others said. By faith and faith in action they showed their belief in the unseen God.
In the book of James the Holy Spirit further reminds Christians that faith can be seen in our daily living. Our living is before God and before others. Often this is where we fail to make the mark. Christians live in the world making a difference. That is our personal testimony that Jesus Christ lives in us today. He is alive. He lives. Our lives manifest that the Son of God lives in us and He destroys the work of the devil. God is the Father of lights. His light shines through the believers-the vessels He has chosen.
James 1:19 NU-Text reads Know this or This you know.
James 1:26 NU-Text omits among you.
End Times Conversation with Jesus: The meek will inherit the land.
Declares the Lord Jesus Christ. "The meek will inherit the land." There are many examples in the Bible. We read some examples today. Bible verses are quoted in parts with boldness and italics added. Unless otherwise noted, the verses are quoted from NKJV.
Isaac too prospered physically. During famine time he sowed in that land and reaped in the same year a hundredfold, and the Lord blessed him. He began to prosper, and continued prospering until he became very prosperous. (Genesis 26:13-14) He was so blessed in material wealth and farming success that the foreign king said this, "Go away from us, for you are much mightier than we." Genesis 35:28-29 Isaac lived one hundred and eighty years, full of days.
This general kept winning just as God had promised.
Today's word is the Law, reading from Joshua, the successful leader after Moses. Joshua was different from Moses. He fought as a mighty warrior and general in the wilderness and finally led the people and crossed the River Jordan and conquered the Promised Land which was the solid foundation for the nation building of Israel – a new people of God. Joshua was both spiritually and physically powerful in his ministry for God. The Law was his secret weapon – Key Success Factor. He believed and practiced wholeheartedly and kept winning just as God had promised.
17 "Do not think that I came to do away with or undo the [a]Law [of Moses] or the [writings of the] Prophets; I did not come to destroy but to fulfill. 18 For I assure you and most solemnly say to you, until heaven and earth pass away, not the smallest letter or stroke [of the pen] will pass from the Law until all things [which it foreshadows] are accomplished. 19 So whoever breaks one of the least [important] of these commandments, and teaches others to do the same, will be called least [important] in the kingdom of heaven; but whoever practices and teaches them, he will be called great in the kingdom of heaven.
20 "For I say to you that unless your righteousness (uprightness, moral essence) is more than that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.
Matthew 5:17 I.e. the Pentateuch.
When I came to you, Achim b'Moshiach, I did not come preaching and announcing to you the sod Hashem (mystery of G-d) as a ba'al melitzot (rhetorician, fine talker) or in the excellence of chochmah.
2 For I made the decision not to have da'as of anything among you except Moshiach and nivlato al haEtz (his body –gufa, kerper—on the Tree Boim (Yiddish for tree), DEVARIM 21:23).
5 That the [orthodox Jewish] emunah (faith) of you may not be in the [Olam Hazeh] "chochmah" of Bnei Adam, but in the gevurat Hashem [1:17].
10 But Hashem has made the hitgalut haSod (the revelation of the mystery) to us of these things through the Ruach Hakodesh; for the Ruach Hakodesh searches all things, even the deep things of G-d.
13 Which things also we speak, not in dvarim (words) taught by chochmah haBnei Adam, but in dvarim taught by the Ruach Hakodesh, making midrash [exposition, interpretation] of the things of the Ruach Hakodesh [2:12] by means of the words of the Ruach Hakodesh.
14 But a natural person does not receive the things of the Ruach Hakodesh of Hashem, for they are narrishkait (foolishness 1:21-24) to him, and he is not able to have personal saving da'as of them, because they are discerned in the Ruach Hakodesh.
15 Now the man of the Ruach Hakodesh discerns all things, but, by no one is he discerned.


Audience members are in for a special treat next month when The Avengers co-stars, Samuel L. Jackson and Tom Hiddleston, take to the catwalk for The One For The Boys Fashion Ball in London.
These top designers include Alexander McQueen, Fendi, and Armani – and those aren't the only household names to take the stage.
Various celebrities and friends of the campaign will take part, including Shaun of the Dead's Simon Pegg, English comedian David Walliams, and Welsh actor Luke Evans.
The charity event will take place on June 15th at the Natural History Museum in London, and proceeds from the gala and silent auction will go towards benefiting male cancer.


text:
La Passerelle est le titre de plusieurs œuvres :
 La Passerelle, moyen-métrage de Frank Reicher sorti en 1916 ;
 La Passerelle, film de Jean-Claude Sussfeld sorti en 1988 ;
 La Passerelle, court-métrage sorti en 2010 ;
 La Passerelle association à but non lucratif qui aide les personnes en transition professionnelle et sociale ;
 La Passerelle association de Saint-Brieuc gérant le théâtre et labellisée scène nationale.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Check-out this leaked clip from Kamen Rider Build The Movie: Be The One featuring Sento and Banjo's transformation into their movie exclusive form, Kamen Rider Build Cross-Z Build Form.
Lol, so they came Kamen Rider W?! lol. okay i know i've knocked on this series for not really treating new forms better than the previous entries, but that was pretty good.


text:
import { getDistance } from 'geolib';

const CenterCoords = {latitude: 38.954327, longitude: -77.404367};

export function getDistanceFromMe(coordinates: string): number {
  let coords = coordinates.split(',');
  let meters = getDistance(
    CenterCoords,
    {latitude: +coords[0], longitude: +coords[1]}
  );
  return meters / 1609.34;
}


According to Business.com, adequate business lighting will illuminate areas where customer sand employees frequent to prevent the chances of falling, tripping or other accidents. Think about lighting in layers. You need to start with strong general lighting. This is the main lighting that will illuminate the bulk of your store.
You then want to add in task lighting where needed. This lighting type goes in areas where extra light is needed or that may be in areas where the general lighting does not reach. Finally, do not forget about outdoor lighting. Falls in parking lots or on walkways are often serious and best avoided by ensuring the area is lit well.
Make sure you also take time to check out the lights after installation. They should not be in areas where they will blind customers or employees as they move around the store. Also, do not forget about maintenance. You should replace burnt out lights as soon as possible. This information is for education and is not legal advice.
Related Posts: How can I make my home winter ready?, What if your dog attacks someone?, Safety tips for owners of swimming pools, What is the castle doctrine?


text:
Q: Mule 4 : Dataweave 2.0 : java.lang.StackOverflowError. during join and reduce for records size greater than 10k I have a use case where i have to fetch 10k records each from two different databases and do some data enrichment and push this 20k record in batches to a third database.
Approach I followed:

*

*fetch data from the databases using a scatter gather so that i have both the payloads in the same Mule payload and i can access them as payload[0].payload and payload[1].payload

*Used a dataweave transformer to join the records

*used a for each loop to insert data into the third database in batch size of 2k

But when doing this I often face MULE JVM error meaning in my transform message component.
Message               : java.lang.StackOverflowError.
Error type            : MULE:FATAL_JVM_ERROR

Is there any blogs or any design pattern in mule to better address this issue?
Dataweave code:
<ee:transform doc:name="Outer Join And Merge" doc:id="fd801b56-9992-4a89-95a3-62ab4c4dc5a2">
<ee:message>
<ee:set-payload>%dw 2.0
import * from dw::core::Arrays
output application/java
var joinedData = outerJoin(vars.databaseOneRecords,vars.databaseTwoRecords,(obj)->obj.StudentID,(obj)->obj.RollNumber)
---
joinedData reduce ((item, acc = {
    'matched': [],
    'unmatched': []
})
                            ->  if(item.l != null and item.r != null)
                                    {
    matched: (acc.matched default []) ++ [item.l ++ item.r],
    unmatched: acc.unmatched
}
                                    else {
    matched: acc.matched,
    unmatched: (acc.unmatched default []) ++ [ if(item.l != null) item.l else item.r ]
} )</ee:set-payload>
</ee:message>
</ee:transform>

A: I usually see 2 patterns on the "ETL" world:

*

*In-Memory: Get a machine with a huge amount of RAM and process all in memory, like the approach you are taking.

*Classic ETL: They use a staging area, like an intermediate DB, where you drop all the information and then do some query to extract everything you need in one shot. This approach uses much less RAM.

Specifically talking about Mule, it depends on how you get the information from the streams if they go full on-memory or not. For example, if you do something like groupBy or do some search on it that force it to go back, it's probably that the full stream gets into Memory.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The three brothers is a verse you will never forget with this 14 carat gold plated Deathly Hallows necklace. From J K Rowling's Harry Potter universe where the Elder Wand, Resurrection Stone and Invisibility cloak are the most powerful artefacts known to wizardkind. A must have for any Harry Potter fan or a gift for that fan in your life.
Licensed products cannot be discounted.


International Package Delivery made easy - by Parcels Packages.com!
Deciding on which delivery company has the optimal shipping solution for your international package can seem like a daunting task. But we can simplify this process by putting you into direct contact with express delivery companies who will answer all of your questions and put the safety of your goods first.
Filling out a request form will garner you multiple FREE quotes from firms that specialize in all facets of international package delivery. From next day to next week shipping with door-to-door service, you will have all of your needs met by global professionals.
It is however important that you are made aware of what you can and what you can not ship overseas. To give you an idea of what may be deemed as inappropriate goods for an international package delivery please see the following list. This list is merely meant as a guideline so should you have any concerns or doubts about your shipment, ask your shipper directly.
International package service for the above items is limited and is subject to certain restrictions.
It is the shipper's responsibility to comply with current government regulations or laws applicable in each country. Shipments are subject to inspection and possible delay by customs officials or representatives of government agencies. Certain countries have additional prohibited articles.


text:
Tuberculosis in India
India's new programme for controlling TB is working, but not yet fast enough for the millions affected
AsiaJun 22nd 2002 edition
allahabad, bhilwara, joypur and delhi
LALA is a young man but not a healthy one. Weight loss has pinched his face, giving it the shape of India; his silences end in coughs. Lala stopped taking medicine for tuberculosis (TB) because he started feeling better and ran out of money at roughly the same time. Now the disease is back and he can no longer afford treatment. He may be among the half-million Indians who will die this year from TB, which kills five times as many as malaria, striking mainly those in their prime.
These are avoidable tragedies. Tuberculosis is almost always curable, and the cure is not expensive. When death happens on an Indian scale it is because the health system is not working. Few Indians, knowing as they do that their state is riddled with cracks just the right size for people like Lala to fall through, are surprised when it does.
This is one failure that the Indian state has recently roused itself to correct. Since 1998 India has introduced on a large scale the internationally approved method for tackling TB. The revised national tuberculosis control programme (RNTCP) now covers 460m of India's billion people, and is expected to reach 800m by 2004. But continued success is not assured. The programme demands much from a public-health service that takes in a scant 1% of GDP and misspends much of that. TB control "is basically a management problem," says Thomas Frieden, who helped India expand the programme and is now New York City's health commissioner.
Few places are harder to manage than India. The premise of TB control is that treatment cannot be left to patients and their doctors. Because there are lots of pills and people feel well before they are cured, they quit prematurely. TB sufferers can infect another 10-15 people in a year; in New York, officials can lock them up if they fail to take their medicine. The accepted remedy is DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course), the invention of a Czech concentration-camp survivor. Its essence is the meticulous recording of each event in a patient's treatment, from diagnosis (usually by sputum test, not X-ray) to the administration of many pills and eventually to confirmation of cure. All this should cost the patient nothing.
If the system worked perfectly, TB would die out. In practice, the World Health Organisation sets two main targets: 70% of newly infectious cases should be detected, and 85% of those cured. That would halve the rate of infection in 8-14 years. Most districts in India are close to the cure target but fall short on detection. Since India has 30% of the world's cases, and TB travels, the rich world has a stake in India's success.
But how much can one expect from sprawling, chaotic India, where patients often live miles from roads and the public health system, notorious for absentee doctors and missing drugs, is a last resort, even for the poor? At least 80% of qualified doctors are in the private sector; their numbers are exceeded by 1.25m unqualified practitioners. None has much stake in DOTS, which takes away their customers.
Surprisingly, DOTS is surfing India's anarchy without falling over. Although few DOTS districts have hit both of the WHO's targets, they handily outperform non-DOTS ones, where treatment is at a doctor's whim and there is no mechanism for retrieving patients who quit. The mortality rate for infectious patients is less than 5% where DOTS has been introduced; elsewhere it is 29%. The RNTCP effort claims to have saved 210,000 lives so far.
This result is the progeny of an odd coupling: of the Victorian-vintage optimism underlying DOTS and the improvisational spirit that Indian conditions demand. The programme is, in a way, building a railway, with a station in every village for delivering treatment and picking up data.
The first link is between patient and observer, who can be anyone but a family member. Most often, observers are junior employees of the health service, such as anganwadi (child-health) workers. A second copy of each patient's record sits with a treatment supervisor, who has a motorcycle to track down defaulters. There should be no risk of missing drugs: each patient has a box containing all the drugs required for his cure, an Indian innovation. Word of success or failure comes back through quarterly reports on each district, which the world can scrutinise, if it cares, on the RNTCP website.
The system is not foolproof, though it is designed to be nearly so. Performance in a state or district depends largely on the zeal of the bureaucrat in charge. Rajasthan's health secretary dealt with recalcitrant professors at a medical college by threatening to suspend their licences. The state took a year to roll out DOTS to 44m people, close to a world speed record.
Now that it is no longer an experiment, RNTCP is facing the pressures of maturity. The goal of further expansion may start to compete with other priorities. The programme's main financier, the World Bank, has insisted that it devolve more responsibility to states, which may be necessary but could also weaken quality-control. The next big question will be how to deal with the private sector.
"RNTCP can control only half the problem, not the full problem, until it reaches the private sector," argues M. M. Singh, head of India's Tuberculosis Association. Others think that people will use the public system once word spreads that it offers good, free care. Converting private doctors to DOTS, they say, is less important than getting the scheme to the half a billion people who still have no access to it.
This article appeared in the Asia section of the print edition under the headline "Joining the dots"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    style="@style/list_item"
    android:layout_height="@dimen/damage_table_item_height"
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/body_part"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight=".5"
        android:textColor="@color/text_color"
        tools:text="Tail Tip (Break)"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/dmg1"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight=".1"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="@color/text_color"
        tools:text="20"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/dmg2"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight=".1"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="@color/text_color"
        tools:text="50"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/dmg3"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight=".1"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="@color/text_color"
        tools:text="20"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/dmg4"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight=".1"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="@color/text_color"
        tools:text="20"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/dmg5"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight=".1"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="@color/text_color"
        tools:text="100"/>

</LinearLayout>


You ever have one of those incredibly insane weeks? Work has been hell but everything else has been fantastic. This week alone my Dog announced his run for the presidency and a Vice Presidential Candidate search (toby4president.wordpress.com); I went to the Preakness Horse Races where I bet on the winning horse (I'll Have Another) for the Win; I had a meeting in the Indian Treaty Room of the White House; and I had breakfast with the band Train. (And I expect more great stuff as I head to Orlando for a quick getaway).
Through good connections and incredible timing my friend got us into an exclusive performance and breakfast with the band Train. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_(band) There was maybe 25 people and we got to meet them, hear them sing and take pictures with them! They sound even better live than on the radio (wish I could figure out how to add the sound recording I did). And the lead singer Pat is very personable and funny. I was awe struck and I am not normally awe struck by celebrities (just the people who run our country!). The event was held at an exclusive hidden Gibson Guitar studio that is located near the Verizon Center. It allows singers to go exchange or fix their guitars prior to a show.
Gibson Guitar Studio. Very cool space.
Talking to us..very funny guy.
Train – Sounds awesome in person.
He is playing the Drums by beating on that speaker looking instrument. Very Cool.
I also attended a meeting on an important Cyber Security and Identity Management issue in the White House Indian Treaty room. It is in the east wing of the White House and has the most amazing architecture.
I celebated a childhood friend's 40th Birthday with another grade school friend at the Preakness where I actually picked the derby winner, "I'll Have Another" for the Win. So with that I decided to have another Black Eyed Susan! Not sure if I mentioned this but the Preakness is in a rather economically challenging part of Maryland. Made for an interesting mix.


How does an Enterprise determine what technologies are worth investing in, and which applications should be divested off.
APRM is an objective process to assess business and technology value of enterprise apps, and connecting it to their TCO.
This initiative was used to drive IT strategy and decisions such as 'best of breed' vs. 'standardized', 'on-premises' vs. 'cloud computing' etc.
Team assignment, utilized TCO Analysis, business & technical value measurements, technology options assessment and strategic planning.


text:
Spansk-amerikanska kriget var ett krig år 1898 mellan Spanska imperiet och USA efter att den senare bestämt sig för att intervenera i det kubanska självständighetskriget. Den amerikanska invasionen av Spanska Filippinerna ledde till USA:s inblandning i filippinska revolutionen som utmynnade i filippinsk-amerikanska kriget.

Efter åratal av spanskfientlig propaganda i USA från exempelvis journalisten Joseph Pulitzer, som ideligen kritiserade det spanska styret på Kuba, pressades president William McKinley slutligen att gå i krig. Spanien erbjöd sig att kompromissa men USA svarade med ett ultimatum där de krävde att spanjorerna helt enkelt överlämnade ön. Från Madrid kom då en krigsförklaring vilken besvarades kort därefter i Washington.

Kriget utvidgades snabbt och krigsskådeplatser fanns både på Filippinerna och i Karibien. I freden i Paris 1898 erhöll USA kolonialstyre över Filippinerna, Puerto Rico och Guam medan Kuba förvandlades till en nominellt självständig stat, i praktiken dock en amerikansk lydstat under ockupation.

Bakgrund
Bakgrunden låg delvis i ekonomiska och maktpolitiska strävandena i USA under slutet av 1800-talet, företrädda främst av Henry Cabot Lodge den äldre och Theodore Roosevelt. Sedan 1895 pågick ett uppror på Kuba för att utropa öns självständighet. Upprorets ledare arbetade från USA och hade starkt stöd i amerikansk press.

När uppropet på Kuba bröt ut yrkade Republikanerna i USA genast på ett ingripande i striden, och kongressen uppmanade uttryckligen president Grover Cleveland att skicka styrkor. Men Cleveland inskränkte sig i början till att iaktta full neutralitet och nöjde sig med att på diplomatisk väg uppmana spanjorerna att visa tillmötesgående och bevilja kubanerna en självständig författning.

Clevelands förmaningar väckte stor ilska i Spanien och stora demonstrationer anordnades mot amerikanernas inblandning. I december 1896 lät Cleveland meddela kongressen att Spaniens fortsatta halsstarrighet kunde föra med sig en situation där USA tvingades till ett ingripande. Följden av detta blev nya fientliga demonstrationer mot USA i Madrid och andra spanska städer.

Två omständigheter försämrade läget för spanjorerna. Under 1896 startade ett uppror även på Filippinerna, och på våren 1897 flyttade republikanen William McKinley in i Vita huset i Washington. I Spanien avskedade regentinnan nu den konservativa ministären och ställde Sagasta i spetsen för ett liberalt kabinett. Medgivanden gjordes både till Kuba, som utlovades en författning, och Filippinerna. McKinley meddelade att han skulle avvakta utförandet av de givna löftena; i händelse att de inte uppfylldes hotade han åter med ett ingripande från USA:s sida. Det visade sig dock vara svårt för Spanien att uppfylla de givna löftena då rebellerna avvisade varje annan lösning än full självständighet.

Den direkta krigsorsaken blev när det amerikanska pansarskeppet USS Maines förolyckades i Havannas hamn den 15 februari 1898, genom en explosion. Av amerikanerna tillskrevs explosionen en spansk mina. I själva verket rörde det sig dock troligen om en olyckshändelse och en av fartygets ångpannor som sprang i luften. USA:s president utfärdade en officiell krigsförklaring den 25 april 1898.

Kriget

Västindiska krigsskådeplatsen

De första krigshändelserna försiggick på den västindiska krigsskådeplatsen. USA:s sjöstridskrafter var vid krigets utbrott redan mobiliserade. En eskader (eller flotta), "North Atlantic squadron", bestående av två slagskepp, fyra pansarkryssare, tre större monitorer samt ett stort antal kanonbåtar och andra mindre fartyg, under befäl av amiral William T. Sampson, vars flaggskepp var pansarkryssaren "New York", låg i örlogshamnen Key West utanför Floridas kust. En annan eskader, "Flying squadron", som bestod av tre slagskepp och två pansarkryssare, låg vid Hampton Roads i Virginia med uppgift att trygga östkusten. Dess chef var commodore Winfield Scott Schley. Vidare fanns två mindre eskadrar i de amerikanska farvattnen, varav en på västkusten, och en större eskader i Kina (se nedan).

Av de spanska sjöstridskrafterna befann sig vid krigsutbrottet ett 60-tal örlogsfartyg - nästan uteslutande kanonbåtar, kanonslupar och så vidare utan egentligt stridsvärde och inte heller sammanförda till eskadrar - i Västindien. Först den 19 maj ankom amiral Pascual Cervera y Topetes eskader, bestående av 4 pansarkryssare och några jagare, från Kap Verde-öarna. Den lyckades obemärkt av Sampson, som med sin eskader gått ut för att uppfånga Cervera, nämnda dag nå den befästa hamnen Santiago de Cuba på öns sydkust. Sampson, som förgäves sökt spanska eskadern vid San Juan (som han bombarderade) på Puerto Ricos kust, lät från 29 maj blockera Santiagos hamn först med Schleys och efter 1 juni även med sin egen eskader (tillsammans 11 större fartyg). Ett försök att spärra det smala hamninloppet genom sänkning av en handelsångare misslyckades. Inte heller lyckades den amerikanska flottan att trots upprepad beskjutning tysta de till hamnens försvar mot sjösidan anlagda gammalmodiga och svagt bestyckade verken och batterierna Castillo del Morro, la Socapa, Estrella m.fl. Som hjälpbas för flottan besatte Sampson i början av juni den kubanska hamnen Guantánamo, 38 sjömil från Santiago.

Emellertid hade en till amerikanska flottans understöd i Tampa i Florida sammandragen landstigningskår på omkring 15 000 man under general William Rufus Shafter, eskorterad av 15 örlogsfartyg, utan hinder av något slag nått Kuba och 22-25 juni landstigit vid Daiquiri (22 km öster om Santiago). De spanska trupperna på Kuba, en så kallad ockupationsarmé, nominellt över 160 000 man under befäl av marskalk Ramón Blanco, var spridda över hela ön för att bekämpa insurgenternas av Garcia skickligt ledda gerillakrig. Vid Santiago fanns, under befäl av general Linares, endast omkr. 10 000 man, varav vid pass 3 000 utgjorde besättning i själva staden. Omkring 3 000 man hade besatt de till stadens försvar åt landsidan anlagda fältbefästningarna (skyttevärn, kanonbatterier och några blockhus); återstoden utgjorde dels besättning i befästningarna vid inloppet till hamnen, dels en rörlig reserv avsedd att trygga kusten mot landstigningsföretag. Av landfrontens besättning var 500 man, under general Vara del Rey, framskjutna som förpost till den lilla staden El Caney, 6,5 km nordöst om Santiago, och 200 man till gården San Juan, två km söder om Santiago vid vägen från Daiquiri. Styrkan vid El Caney anfölls den 1 juli av en amerikansk division om 6 500 man med ett batteri, under general Lawton, samt nödgades efter segt försvar, som kostade fienden 450 man, dra sig tillbaka mot Santiago.

Samma dag anföll två amerikanska divisioner, tillsammans 8 500 man med tre batterier, under general Kents befäl, den till 300 man med två kanoner förstärkta förposten vid San Juan under general Rubin, och lyckades, dock med en förlust av 900 man, bemäktiga sig ställningen, varvid dåvarande överstelöjtnant Theodore Roosevelt (sedermera president) med sina "rough riders" särskilt utmärkte sig. Följande dag anföll general Shafter med hela sin häravdelning den spanska huvudställningen öster om Santiago, i vilken general Toral då förde befälet. Striden, som varade hela dagen, blev oavgjord, men den 3 juli antog den spanske överbefälhavaren ett erbjudet vapenstillestånd, helst som fullständig panik utbrutit i staden på grund av den amerikanska flottans bombardemang. Sedan Santiago den 10 och 11 juli ånyo bombarderats - denna gång från landsidan -, kapitulerade Toral, varvid staden överlämnades till Shafter och hären gjordes till krigsfångar. Emellertid hade amiral Cervera för att åtminstone söka rädda en del av flottan från att falla i fiendens våld den 3 juli brutit sig ut från Santiago och styrt västvart utefter kusten. De amerikanska fartygen, som gjorde bättre fart, hann dock snart upp de spanska och sköt dem i brand, så att de måste sättas på land. Efter fyra timmar var hela eskadern förintad. De överlevande av besättningarna, omkring 1 700 man, varibland Cervera, blev fångna.

Östasiatiska krigsskådeplatsen

På den östasiatiska krigsskådeplatsen började operationerna med att amerikanska eskadern i de kinesiska farvattnen, fyra pansarkryssare, två opansrade kryssare och några mindre fartyg, under befäl av commodore Dewey, den 27 april avgick från sin tillfälliga operationsbas nära Hongkong till Luzon med ändamål att uppsöka och slå den spanska till Filippinernas skydd avsedda eskadern under amiral Montojo, två bepansrade och fem opansrade kryssare, alla av äldre typ och svagt bestyckade, samt en del kanonbåtar och andra fartyg. Den låg förankrad i Manilabukten utanför marinarsenalen vid Cavite (9 sjömil från Manila), då den amerikanska eskadern den 1 maj på morgonen inlöpte i bukten. Den strid, som nu utspann sig, avgjordes uteslutande genom artillerield och slutade med spanska eskaderns fullständiga förstörelse. Dewey inskränkte sig därefter till att blockera Manila och närliggande kust med Cavite som operationsbas.

Eldupphör, vapenvila och fred
Den 13 augusti kapitulerade Manila. Redan föregående dag hade fredspreliminärerna undertecknats i Washington. Definitivt fredsavtal slöts i Paris den 10 december 1898, där Spanien avträdde Kuba, Puerto Rico och de övriga Spanska Antillerna, Guam och Filippinerna till USA.

På Filippinerna utbröt genast ett uppror bland frihetskämpar som nu hoppats på självständighet. Kuba blev formellt en självständig stat men i praktiken en amerikansk lydstat. De kubanska självständighetskämparna utmanövrerades. Ön hölls besatt av USA fram till 1902, då man erhöll en egen regering, men tvingades samtidigt skriva under Plattöverenskommelsen, som gav USA rätt att intervenera i Kubas styre. Plattöverenskommelsen kom att vara i kraft fram till 1934.

Följder
Genom detta framgångsrika krig blev USA en världsmakt. Landet kunde i framtidens världspolitik inte längre förbigås när det blev fråga om Östasien eller Stilla havet. Spanien hade å sin sida svårt att hämta sig efter det svåra slag som drabbade det i kriget. Spaniens sjömakt var tillintetgjord, och med sina dåliga finanser hade landet ingen möjlighet att återställa den. De inre partistriderna förbittrades ytterligare genom genom att partierna beskyllde varandra för de svåra nederlagen. Sommaren 1899 beslutade Spanien att för en summa av 25 miljoner pesetas sälja sina återstående besittningar i Stilla havet, Karolinerna, Marianerna och Palauöarna, till Tyskland. Efter detta hade Spanien endast kvar Kanarie- och Guineaöarna samt på det afrikanska fastlandet de så kallade presidios och kustremsan väster om Sahara. Spaniens roll bland kolonialstormakterna var nu definitivt slut.

Referenser

Noter

Tryckta källor

Externa länkar

Amerikanska krig
Spanska krig
1898 i Spanien
1898 i USA
Krig under 1890-talet
Krigsåret 1898
Relationer mellan Spanien och USA


text:
The Engagements of Difference Machines
It's been a while since I stopped over in Buffalo, but I'm finally unfrozen, and I'm unfreezing my blog, too, to comment a bit on the exhibit I saw — this was the purpose of my brief wintry sojourn — Difference Machines: Technology and Identity in Contemporary Art at the Albright-Knox Northland. I visited the show with my spouse, Flourish; Tina Rivers Ryan (who curated the exhibit with Paul Vanouse) was kind enough to give us a big chunk of her day and provide a detailed tour.
When we speak of "identity," we speak of difference. This is true whether we are philosophers like John Perry, who has interrogated what it is that makes objects identical to one another, or are focused on the social world. The works in Difference Machines explore how, in the context of computer and network technologies, people's identities persist, rather than being erased as some imagined would have happened. This means that some can be grouped together and identified in stereotypical, harmful, even lethal ways — but there are also glimpses of how, more positively, people can identify with one another.
I got to see Difference Machines just before it closed on January 16, so I have to settle for telling you about what you missed. One of the more remarkable aspects of the exhibit is that it was light-flooded and in a space where sound could call out invitingly from some of the pieces without derailing one's experience of artworks nearby. While I would exhaust myself (and you, dear reader) were I to try to thoroughly review the show and relate much of what was so compelling about it, I'll at least write some about three of the works in it, to give an idea of what machines were running and how they engaged with shared themes.
Many of the artworks spoke against the concept of a flattened, egalitarian cyberspace (metaverse?), but the photos and texts by Sean Fader in his 2020 Insufficient Memory go beyond this. They document hate crimes against LGBTQ+ people, including many murders and instances where people have been provoked to kill themselves. As a viewer approaches, the low-res photos, taken on a very early consumer digital camera, have a beauty that inheres in the often natural scenes, is intensified by how they are framed, and becomes even more compelling because of the lossy, "cool" (McLuhan's term) nature of these highly compressed images. Walking around to the back, the viewer, become reader, discovers how each photo is the scene of a brutal crime. The victims did not find positive community through common identity; they were marked as different and in most cases directly killed because of their difference.
'Ye or Nay, A.M. Darky, 2020 (Photo by Tina Rivers Ryan)
To given an idea of the range of this show, turn to 'Ye or Nay by A.M. Darky (2020). This artwork is a game for two that invites a chat as each player tries to pick out the card that is showing on the other's screen. It's not some antigame or disorientation machine, but an actual fun game with a compelling soundtrack, graphics, and interface. (Go play it online!) The cards all display portraits of Black male celebrities. Part of the concept is that some will be better equipped to play this game for various reasons — they will have a more extensive vocabulary to describe the hairstyles shown, for instance, or they will know more about who was born where. The game/artwork playfully tickles players to consider what they're able to articulate (or not). My only critique is that the piece is already showing its age in one minor way: The apostrophe at the beginning should now be removed!
Level of Confidence, Rafael Lozano-Hemmer, 2015 (Photo by Tina Rivers Ryan)
The last piece I'll turn to is by a well-known digital media artist, Rafael Lozano-Hemmer. His Level of Confidence (2015) is a free and open source software project in which biometric software matches the face of the viewer (also the viewed, in this case) to one of 43 students who were kidnapped from the Ayotzinapa normalista school in Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico. The project memorializes this event and exposes the working of a face-recognition system which, it seems, is doomed to never make a match. As I read the piece, though, this artwork also uses computer technology to present the viewer with someone who looks like them, making the connection to this kidnapping more personal and acute. This does not result in some sort of naïve empathy machine. A museum visitor in Buffalo is not likely to suddenly feel, "ah! It could have been me being kidnapped!" But the piece is also not purely a slam on surveillance technology, as I see it. The face-recognition system that is central to this interactive artwork is used to invite a novel viewing and works to help keep an event alive in memory.
Well, I could go on! There were many other great works in the show. But I can't write a catalogic discussion of them all, so I'll have to let those three stand as examples of the different approaches artists in Difference Machines took.
Generative Unfoldings, Opening April 1, 2021
Generative Unfoldings is an online exhibit of generative art that I've curated. The artworks run live in the browser and are entirely free/libre/open-source software. Sarah Rosalena Brady, D. Fox Harrell, Lauren Lee McCarthy, and Parag K. Mital worked with me to select fourteen artworks. The show features:
Can the Subaltern Speak? by Behnaz Farahi
Concrete by Matt DesLauriers
Curse of Dimensionality by Philipp Schmitt
Gender Generator by Encoder Rat Decoder Rat
Greed by Maja Kalogera
Hexells by Alexander Mordvintsev
Letter from C by Cho Hye Min
Pac Tracer by Andy Wallace
P.S.A.A. by Juan Manuel Escalante
Seedlings_: From Humus by Qianxun Chen & Mariana Roa Oliva
Self Doubting System by Lee Tusman
Someone Tell the Boyz by Arwa Mboya
Songlines by Ágoston Nagy
This Indignant Page: The Politics of the Paratextual by Karen ann Donnachie & Andy Simionato
There is a (Screen) manifestation of Generative Unfoldings, which lets people run the artworks in their browsers. In addition, a (Code) manifestation provides a repository of all of the free/libre/open-source source code for these client-side artworks. This exhibit is a project of MIT's CAST (Center for Art, Science & Technology) and part of the Unfolding Intelligence symposium. The opening, remember, is April 1, 2021! See the symposium page, where you can register (at no cost) and find information about joining us.
Post Hoc, An Online Art Show
Please enjoy Post Hoc, a show I've put together with generous contributions from a baker's dozen artists and eight writers. There was no pre-established theme for Post Hoc, which was prompted by our inability to get to IRL galleries and museums. Artists were simply asked for digital images, any digital image they considered an artwork. (Several works in the show do have other manifestations.) The work in the show is all from 2020. I solicited 1000–1200 character responses to each piece.
Agnieszka Kurant response by Mary Flanagan
Christian Bök response by Paul Stephens
Daniel Temkin response by Craig Dworkin
Derek Beaulieu response by Amaranth Borsuk
Forsyth Harmon response by Simon Morris & Valérie Steunou
Lauren Lee McCarthy response by Daniel Temkin
Lilla LoCurto & Bill Outcault response by Fox Harrell
Olia Lialina response by Mary Flanagan
Manfred Mohr response by Craig Dworkin
Mark Klink response by Daniel Temkin
Renée Green response by Paul Stephens
Sly Watts response by Fox Harrell
Susan Bee response by Amaranth Borsuk
You can scroll through the entire Post Hoc show as a single page. However, you'll only see the images at their original size, and be able to read the responses, if you go to each post individually.
Risk Management [Europe]
Agnieszka Kurant
800px × 794px JPEG
The Library of Babel – Hexagonal Drawing in English
Christian Bök
FLY PIECE
Daniel Temkin
Cabaret #7
Derek Beaulieu
of 8″ × 8″ Letraset on Paper
Forsyth Harmon
of 9″ × 12″ Ink and Watercolor on Paper
SOMEONE: Amanda
1000px × 625px JPEG
of Performance, Custom Software and Electronics, Installation, Digital Image
"Am well. Thinking of you always. Love."
"Am well. Thinking of you always. Love." Isolation #6
Lilla LoCurto & Bill Outcault
of 18″ × 12″ Cattle Marker, Powdered Pastels, Pencil, Graphite on Paper
Olia Lialina
270px × 480px WebP
Visual Entanglement, 2020
Manfred Mohr
Head 4.054
Mark Klink
Yellow Melting Like a Firework Petal
Yellow Melting Like a Firework Petal, from Space Poem #7 (Color Without Objects: Intra-Active May-Words)
Renée Green
also, 42″ × 32″ Double-Sided Banner. Part of a Series of 28 Banners
THESE N—-S IS WATCHING
Sly Watts
740px × 1000px JPEG
of 42″ × 59″ Charcoal, Oil, Oil Pastel, Acrylic, Ink, and Paint Marker on Pastel Paper
of 24″ × 18″ Oil & Enamel on Linen
Gomringer's Untitled Poem ["silencio"], an Unlikely Sonnet
The untitled poem by Eugen Gomringer that we can only call "silencio" is a classic, perhaps the classic, concrete poem. According to Marjorie Perloff's Unoriginal Genius, the "silencio" version of the poem dates from 1953. In my 1968 edition of The Book of Hours and Constellations I find the German manifestation of this poem (with the word "schweigen") and the English poem (with the word "silence"), on the same page at the very beginning of the book — but no "silencio." The place where I do find "silencio" is An Anthology of Concrete Poetry from 1967, edited by Emmett Williams. My copy is the re-issue by Primary Information.
Williams mentions tendencies and tries not to too strongly characterize any particular poets in the anthologies when he writes, in the introduction:
The visual element of their poetry [the concrete poets' poetry] tended to be structural, a consequence of the poem, a "picture" of the lines of force of the work itself, and not merely textural. It was poetry beyond paraphrase … the word, not words, words, words or expressionistic squiggles …
There are several essential points here about the project of concrete poetry and how it differs from, for instance, the shapes of "Easter Wings" and the other poems in George Herbert's The Altar, as well as the way Lewis Carroll presented the image of a mouse's tail in words that tell the mouse's tale in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. However brilliant these two writers were, in these cases they were using language to make pictures; the concrete poets, beginning with Gomringer, worked to create structures. Their poems are not just verse (lineated language), but made from lines of force. In many cases, as with the unnamed poem I must call "silencio," an entire concrete poem can be understood to cohere as a word.
There are other interpretations of Gomringer's poem that situate it in history, but I will give a simple one that situates it within the project of concrete poetry — followed by another that places it in a different and much longer-lived poetic tradition.
The lines of force of this poem are, most obviously, those that allow for the gap in the middle where the ground (the absence of text, the absence of "silencio") becomes figure. As ink declares silence, or, if we read the text aloud, as our voice declares silence, attentive readers can't help but notice a truer silence in the middle of the page.
At the next stage, there is silence between each "silencio," horizontally and vertically. We overlook this gap, which is seen even when text is not presented on a grid. It too will be represented if we read the poem aloud, however, between each spoken word.
We can go further, although ear and eye would not agree about the silences. There are spaces, and thus silences of a visual sort, between each of the letters in "silencio," too.
Fascinating, isn't it, that John Cage's 4'33" was composed and presented in 1952, preceding this poem? This poem, too, seems to structurally show, through its lines of force, that silence can take center stage.
In any case, without offering more than a brief appreciation, I mean to make it clear that this is a quintessential concrete poem. One can read it out loud, but that does not provide the listener with the effect of apprehending the structure of the poem on the page. The poem is not a picture of anything. It is a structure. And it is not squiggles or simply a bunch of words, even if the single lexeme "silencio" is repeated fourteen times. It is fitting to apprehend and read the whole poem as a word, not a bunch of words.
Accepting this, I would like to offer an interpretation of this poem that may seem perverse, but which I believe shows this poem's radical versatility: It can be seen in the light of a poetic tradition that long predates concrete poetry. This poem is not only a concrete poem, but also a sonnet. Specifically, I'll argue that although the repeated word is a Spanish word, it fits into the English-language tradition of the sonnet. Because concrete poetry is a transnational phenomenon and Gomringer writes in English as well as German and Spanish, this disjunction may be less unusual that it otherwise would be.
Consider that the poem consists of fourteen occurrences of "silencio," which despite their unusual arrangement on the page can be read aloud as fourteen lines. It would be hard not to read them this way.
Because each word is the same, the poem follows the rhyme scheme of a sonnet — any rhyme scheme, including the Petrarchan or Shakespearean in English, including those typical in Spanish.
If some reader finds it impossible for the same line to be repeated fourteen times in a sonnet, I refer this reader to the 2002 "Sonnet" by Terrance Hayes, which consists of fourteen repetitions of the line "We sliced the watermelon into smiles."
But is it metrical? The word "silencio" pronounced by itself has two metrical feet ( x / | x / ) and is in perfectly regular iambic dimeter. This is also the meter of Elizabeth Bishop's last poem, "Sonnet," which begins:
Caught — the bubble
in the spirit level,
a creature divided;
and the compass needle
There's much more variation in Bishop's poem, but the metrical regularity of Gomringer's poem shouldn't preclude it from being in this particular form. While I don't have an example of a sonnet with repeated lines (like the one by Hayes) from before 1953, there are earlier sonnets in dimeter, or one, at least: a piece of light verse by Arthur Guiterman, published in The New Yorker on July 7, 1939.
Sonnets can be about anything, although the form does have a heritage. Reading the poem as a sonnet allows us to make a connection to the sonnet tradition if we wish. We can, for instance, ask whether this sonnet has anything to do with love, whether in the most traditional sense of love for a woman or, in John Donne and Herbert's senses, religious love. Could the silence of this sonnet be that of being understood, and of not needing to say anything aloud?
Seeing this Gomringer poem as a sonnet also allows us to put it into conversation with other one-word texts (those that have several tokens but repeat a single type) that can also be viewed as sonnets, because they have fourteen tokens.
The one I know of, and which fascinates me, is Dance, a typing by Christoper Knowles that I saw contextualized as visual art in his 2015 solo show at the Philadelphia ICA. The page of this work is blank except for a line at the top that repeats the word "DANCE" (in capital letters) fourteen times, with a space between each occurrence. This makes for 83 characters: 5 × 14 = 70 for the word DANCE, plus the 13 spaces that go between each pair of words. While a sheet of paper is typically thought to accommodate 80 typewritten characters across its width, Knowles found that by beginning at the extreme left edge of the page and typing to the extreme right edge, he could fit exactly 83 onto it.
The typing Dance can be read as a sonnet in hemimeter — a term used by George Starbuck for "half-feet," and associated with light verse. Where "silencio" offers a more static and contemplative structure, I can't help but imagine Knowles typing DANCE repeatedly, his hands dancing on the typewriter, as he also produced a text that is a score, instructing us to dance. Not so much a structure, it seems to me, but an exhortation and a trace of its making. And, of course, a text that can be read in the sonnet tradition, asking us to consider how dance, repeated, insistent, filling the width of the page completely, relates to love.


Bealine Service Company, Inc. (Baytown, Texas), ex parte.
T-34945 ...Bealine Service Company, Inc. (Baytown, Texas), ex parte. ...Application to amend Common Carrier Certificate No. 5907 to remove all restrictions and to allow for the transportation of non-hazardous oilfield waste, non-hazardous industrial solid waste and hazardous waste for disposal, statewide.


text:
Professional / Practitioner (188)
Sort by Title: A-Z Title: Z-A Author: A-Z Author: Z-A Price: Low-High Price: High-Low Publication date: Oldest-Newest Publication date: Newest-Oldest Results per page 20 60 100 Show page Page 1 of 185 Page 2 of 185 Page 3 of 185 Page 4 of 185 Page 5 of 185 Page 6 of 185 Page 7 of 185 Page 8 of 185 Page 9 of 185 Page 10 of 185 Page 11 of 185 Page 12 of 185 Page 13 of 185 Page 14 of 185 Page 15 of 185 Page 16 of 185 Page 17 of 185 Page 18 of 185 Page 19 of 185 Page 20 of 185 Page 21 of 185 Page 22 of 185 Page 23 of 185 Page 24 of 185 Page 25 of 185 Page 26 of 185 Page 27 of 185 Page 28 of 185 Page 29 of 185 Page 30 of 185 Page 31 of 185 Page 32 of 185 Page 33 of 185 Page 34 of 185 Page 35 of 185 Page 36 of 185 Page 37 of 185 Page 38 of 185 Page 39 of 185 Page 40 of 185 Page 41 of 185 Page 42 of 185 Page 43 of 185 Page 44 of 185 Page 45 of 185 Page 46 of 185 Page 47 of 185 Page 48 of 185 Page 49 of 185 Page 50 of 185 Page 51 of 185 Page 52 of 185 Page 53 of 185 Page 54 of 185 Page 55 of 185 Page 56 of 185 Page 57 of 185 Page 58 of 185 Page 59 of 185 Page 60 of 185 Page 61 of 185 Page 62 of 185 Page 63 of 185 Page 64 of 185 Page 65 of 185 Page 66 of 185 Page 67 of 185 Page 68 of 185 Page 69 of 185 Page 70 of 185 Page 71 of 185 Page 72 of 185 Page 73 of 185 Page 74 of 185 Page 75 of 185 Page 76 of 185 Page 77 of 185 Page 78 of 185 Page 79 of 185 Page 80 of 185 Page 81 of 185 Page 82 of 185 Page 83 of 185 Page 84 of 185 Page 85 of 185 Page 86 of 185 Page 87 of 185 Page 88 of 185 Page 89 of 185 Page 90 of 185 Page 91 of 185 Page 92 of 185 Page 93 of 185 Page 94 of 185 Page 95 of 185 Page 96 of 185 Page 97 of 185 Page 98 of 185 Page 99 of 185 Page 100 of 185 Page 101 of 185 Page 102 of 185 Page 103 of 185 Page 104 of 185 Page 105 of 185 Page 106 of 185 Page 107 of 185 Page 108 of 185 Page 109 of 185 Page 110 of 185 Page 111 of 185 Page 112 of 185 Page 113 of 185 Page 114 of 185 Page 115 of 185 Page 116 of 185 Page 117 of 185 Page 118 of 185 Page 119 of 185 Page 120 of 185 Page 121 of 185 Page 122 of 185 Page 123 of 185 Page 124 of 185 Page 125 of 185 Page 126 of 185 Page 127 of 185 Page 128 of 185 Page 129 of 185 Page 130 of 185 Page 131 of 185 Page 132 of 185 Page 133 of 185 Page 134 of 185 Page 135 of 185 Page 136 of 185 Page 137 of 185 Page 138 of 185 Page 139 of 185 Page 140 of 185 Page 141 of 185 Page 142 of 185 Page 143 of 185 Page 144 of 185 Page 145 of 185 Page 146 of 185 Page 147 of 185 Page 148 of 185 Page 149 of 185 Page 150 of 185 Page 151 of 185 Page 152 of 185 Page 153 of 185 Page 154 of 185 Page 155 of 185 Page 156 of 185 Page 157 of 185 Page 158 of 185 Page 159 of 185 Page 160 of 185 Page 161 of 185 Page 162 of 185 Page 163 of 185 Page 164 of 185 Page 165 of 185 Page 166 of 185 Page 167 of 185 Page 168 of 185 Page 169 of 185 Page 170 of 185 Page 171 of 185 Page 172 of 185 Page 173 of 185 Page 174 of 185 Page 175 of 185 Page 176 of 185 Page 177 of 185 Page 178 of 185 Page 179 of 185 Page 180 of 185 Page 181 of 185 Page 182 of 185 Page 183 of 185 Page 184 of 185 Page 185 of 185
100+ Years of Plastics
Leo Baekeland and Beyond
Add 100+ Years of Plastics to Cart
E. Thomas Strom and Seth Rasmussen
23 Problems in Systems Neuroscience
Add 23 Problems in Systems Neuroscience to Cart
J. Leo van Hemmen and Terrence J. Sejnowski
Computational Neuroscience Series
40 Years of Chemometrics
From Bruce Kowalski to the Future
Add 40 Years of Chemometrics to Cart
Barry K. Lavine, Steven D. Brown, and Karl S. Booksh
5-Hydroxytryptamine in Psychiatry
A Spectrum of Ideas
Add 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Psychiatry to Cart
Merton Sandler, Alec Coppen, and Sara Harnett
A Blueprint for Affective Computing
A sourcebook and manual
Add A Blueprint for Affective Computing to Cart
Klaus R. Scherer, Tanja Banziger, and Etienne Roesch
Series in Affective Science
A Byzantine Encyclopaedia of Horse Medicine
The Sources, Compilation, and Transmission of the Hippiatrica
Add A Byzantine Encyclopaedia of Horse Medicine to Cart
Anne McCabe
A Casebook for Spatial Statistical Data Analysis
A Compilation of Analyses of Different Thematic Data Sets
Add A Casebook for Spatial Statistical Data Analysis to Cart
Daniel A. Griffith and Larry J. Layne
Spatial Information Systems
A Citizen's Guide to Ecology
Add A Citizen's Guide to Ecology to Cart
Lawrence B. Slobodkin
A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests
Administration, Norms, and Commentary
Add A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests to Cart
Esther Strauss, Elisabeth M. S. Sherman, and Otfried Spreen
A Discourse Concerning Algebra
English Algebra to 1685
Add A Discourse Concerning Algebra to Cart
Jacqueline A. Stedall
A Festival of Chemistry Entertainments
Add A Festival of Chemistry Entertainments to Cart
Jack Stocker and Natalie Foster
A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil
Add A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil to Cart
Ber van Perlo
A Field Guide to the Birds of Sri Lanka
Add A Field Guide to the Birds of Sri Lanka to Cart
A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand
Add A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand to Cart
Tanya Chan-ard, Jarujin Nabhitabhata, and John W. K. Parr
A Field Guide to the Tiger Beetles of the United States and Canada
Identification, Natural History, and Distribution of the Cicindelinae
Add A Field Guide to the Tiger Beetles of the United States and Canada to Cart
David L. Pearson, C. Barry Knisley, Daniel P. Duran...
A First Course in Logic
An Introduction to Model Theory, Proof Theory, Computability, and Complexity
Add A First Course in Logic to Cart
Shawn Hedman
Oxford Texts in Logic
A First Course in Network Theory
Add A First Course in Network Theory to Cart
Ernesto Estrada and Philip A. Knight
A First Course in Vibrations and Waves
Add A First Course in Vibrations and Waves to Cart
Mohammad Samiullah
Standing in Galileo's shadow: Why Thomas Harriot should take his place in the scientific hall of fame
Connecting performance art and environmentalism


Check out this awesome three (3) piece easy-to-install Hood & Rear Lid Graphics kit.
Uniquely designed to fit within the Hood indentation found on the '06-'15 Mazda MX-5 Miata, graphic features a perforated simulated carbon print and is trimmed with a simulated brushed surround as shown.
This graphic product is manufactured from a premium adhesive-backed automotive grade vinyl material with an image that is printed to the surface with our DuraCOLOR Graphics Technology.
This stripe package is not just a set of 14.75" (37.47cm) strips in a box. Our graphic kit consists of prefitted and contoured pieces as shown in the illustration. Kit is specifically made for the '06-'15 Mazda MX-5 Miata and will not fit any other vehicle.


text:
The Understudy – Review by Bonnie Goldberg
A spotlight, often harsh and unflattering, is being directed at the angst and agonies of acting, the trials and the triumphs, by playwright Theresa Rebeck in her intimate offering "The Understudy" being showcased at Westport Country Playhouse until Saturday, September 1. "The Understudy" provides a comic look at what it means to be permanently in the wings, word perfect and primed, for a chance at the big time. For that is the fate of the understudy, ready and willing but unlikely to ever get his chance on stage.
German/Jewish novelist Franz Kafka, whose works were mainly ignored in his lifetime, would seem a strange source of material for a current play on Broadway. Known for his themes of hopelessness and absurdity, however, one might see the method that playwright Theresa Rebeck found in making a newly discovered Kafka play the skeleton upon which she fleshes out her new comedy.
Enter from stage left, Harry, not your most eager and grateful actor, so capably neurotic in the hands of Eric Bryant. He doesn't have a lot of respect for the muscle bound actor he is "covering" for, an action star who commands big bucks but has little legitimate stage quality. Harry, in his opening monologue, manages to disparage the man, Jake, his megabucks movie and the acting profession in general.
Bryant calls the role "theatrical therapy" as it reveals the real struggles and anxieties of actors as they go on stage. He feels there is a supreme powerlessness in acting, as one is constantly begging for a job. His co-stars Brett Dalton who plays Jake and Andrea Syglewski who inhabits the stage manager Roxanne agreed that it is great to be employed, but each role has a beginning and an end. It's not an easy business. All three agreed that Rebeck depicts their passion, their soul and their bitterness and how saying the lines, on stage, with an audience, is its own reward. Whereas in most plays, actors escape themselves in their characters, this is different. Here they bring their personal neuroses to the job, and have to live in the logic of the lines, and live in the moment. Still they all stated the play offers a window into the actor's world, why they love it, and the absurdity of it all.
For his part, Jake, a manly Brett Dalton, is also waiting for his major break-through role but is willing to pay his dues and give Kafka a fighting chance. As the two men meet on stage for the first time, it is all stage manager Roxanne can do to prevent them from coming to blows. Yet by the play's end, they share a significant moment that makes all the struggle supremely worthwhile.
Poor Roxanne, a wonderfully exasperated Andrea Syglowski, has a lot to contend with on her theatrical plate: her star and his understudy have an instant dislike for each other, the understudy is presuming to rewrite the script, both men are eating the props, an unseen light, sound and scenery tech Laura is stoned on drugs, the unseen star Bruce is casting his huge shadow over the rehearsal process and Roxanne quickly discovers the understudy has changed his name and is really her ex-fiancee who jilted her at the altar. What is a girl to do for an encore? David Kennedy mines the play for maximum laughter at the expense of the art of show business.
For tickets ($30 and up), call the Westport Country Playhouse, 25 Powers Court, Westport, off route 1 at 203-227-4177 or 888-927-7529 or online at www.westportplayhouse.org. Performances are Tuesday at 7 p.m., Wednesday at 2 p.m. and 8 p.m., Thursday and Friday at 8 p.m., Saturday at 3 p.m. and 8 p.m. and Sunday at 3 p.m.
The show must go on, unless it doesn't, in this comic behind the curtains look at theater, passions, egos, wounded hearts, warts and all.


This post was sponsored by ATTITUDE.
The ATTITUDE brand may ring a bell for you, as they've been putting carcinogen-free household products (as well as pet, baby and skin products) on the market for a while now. They were actually the first brand I turned to (and still use to this day) a couple of years back when I first started ditching my yucky synthetic chemical ridden cleaning products. ATTITUDE recently released a "worry-free" personal care line called Super leaves™, and I'm in love!
The ATTITUDE Super leaves™ products also contain an extract from the seeds of moringa oleifera (also known as the miracle tree), which work as an antipollution quality that decreases the adhesion of pollutants and detoxifies skin. How cool is that? Talk about working overtime!
You guys have also heard me reference the EWG Skin Deep database before (a place where you can look up your beauty products and see what their safety rating is). One amazing thing about this whole line is that it's EWG verified! That means you don't have to worry because these products are free from cancer-causing chemicals, mutagens and endocrine disruptors.
Now that we know how good the products are for you, how do they perform?
The Natural Body Cream has to be one of my absolute favorites from this whole line, and that's saying something because I'm SO not a body lotion person! These absorb extremely fast, have light but beautiful scents (my fave is the Nourishing Olive Leaves one) and immediately leave my skin feeling so much more soft and supple.
I haven't tried all of the different shampoo and conditioners yet, but am currently working my way through the ATTITUDE Super leaves™ Volume & Shine Shampoo and Conditioner. I'm obsessed with this! I have fine hair, but a lot of it, so shampoos and conditioners can often leave my roots sitting very flat and heavy. This duo has been amazing for giving me both hydration and shine throughout my hair, but also has restored some of the lift at my roots. I'm so excited to try the other hair care options from this line, but I could definitely see myself going back to this combo!
The body washes are also nice, but I never really hate a body wash unless it has no scent or leaves my skin really dry (and these ones are neither of those, haha).
Clearly, I just love every single product in this line, but another fave are the hand soaps. They don't leave my hands dried out and oh. my. gosh. THE SCENTS. I seriously just go wash my hands with the Orange Leaves one sometimes just for the sake of smelling it, haha. I'm not joking though- it's citrusy and sweet but not too citrusy or too sweet. It's perfection. Go buy this, you'll be addicted!
In Canada, you can find the ATTITUDE Super leaves™ line at London Drugs. ATTITUDE product are distributed to more than 35 countries, so check your local stores to see if they are carried! You can also order online at ATTITUDEliving.com. Besides the Super leaves™ line, I also highly recommend their floor cleaner, fruit and veggie wash and their dog shampoos!
And, before you go… ATTITUDE has so kindly offered to give away the selection of the Super leaves™ products pictured below to one of my lucky readers! This giveaway is open to Canada only. Simply enter using the widget below. Good luck!
Have you tried any ATTITUDE products before?
I am most excited for Soothing Shower gel with White Tea Leaves. My dry skin will love this.
I would like to try the soothing shower gel or any shower gel.
I like the Wildflower scented Laundry Detergent. Any of the fragrances would be fun to try.
I would love to try the Nourishing Shower Gel!
I would be most excited to try the olive leaves Nourishing Body Cream. I have quite dry skin and this sounds super hydrating, and I love that it has antipollution properties.
I look forward to trying the sunscreen. Since having radiation treatments I need a good sunscreen. I do not like to use sunscreen due to all the chemicals in it but I need it.
I would love to try out the Shower Gel Soothing. These sound like great products.
I am most interested in trying the Moisture Rich Conditioner for Dry and damaged hair.
I definitely want to try that conditioner!!
I LOVE their household products, so I need to check these out now!
The Moisture Rich Shampoo for Dry and Damaged Hair. My hair needs the pampering.
oooh, I love lemon ANYTHING! would love to try the lemon leaves.
I would love to try the Lemon Leaves Hand Soap!
I would like to try the Hand Soap in Lemon Leaves scent.
I want to try the white tea leaves hand soap.
I am excited to try the Hand Soap!
Their Energizing Shower Gel https://www.attitudeliving.com/shower-gel-energizing-p/11298.htm looks like it would be really refreshing after a hot day outside! Thanks for the great giveaway opportunity!
I am most excited to try ATTITUDE's Super leaves Lemon Leaves Hand Soap!
I am most excited to try the Hand Soap in Orange Leaves. I love citrus scents so this hand soap sounds lovely.
I am most excited to try the Natural Deep Repair Cream as I am always looking for products that can improve my eczema.
The Super leaves™ product I am most excited to try is the Volume & Shine shampoo. I don't like using too much styling product on my hair in the summer so I depend on a good shampoo that leaves my hair nice as is. That Super leaves shampoo sounds like it would give me all that I need!
I'd love to try the Nourishing body wash.
I would love to try the olive leaf Nourishing Cream as my skin is so dry.. When we were younger we didn't know we should take care of our skin and it is nice to see such products as yours. Such good ingredients.
I am most excited to try the Regenerating Body Cream! I have such dry skin!
The Soothing Shower gel with White Tea Leaves sounds lovely! I would definitely enjoy trying it!
I would love to try the Moisture Rich Shampoo for Dry and Damaged Hair.
I would like to try the Body Wash Daily Moisturizer.
I would love to try the lemon leaves hand soap – I love anything lemony!
I would like to try the Nourishing Body Wash.
I would like to try the Hand Soap in Lemon Leaves.
I would love to try the Natural Deep Repair Cream for sensitive skin.
I would love to try the Shampoo – Volume & Shine.
I want to try the Nourishing Shower Gel. This looks great.
be soothing and nourishing for my dry skin.
I would love to try these products. They look great!!
I'd be really excited to try the Energizing Body Cream!
I love to try the Shower Gel Regenerating.
I most want to try the MOISTURE RICH shampoo and conditioner for dry and damaged hair.
Most excited to try the Soothing Shower gel with White Tea Leaves.
I am excited to try the nourishing shower gel.
The Lemon Leaves hand soap is the product I'd most like to try. A treat for the senses!
Shop Workout Leggings, Long Black Maxi Dresses, Striped Dresses, Black Lace Bralettes and more. Get this widget.


Please use the links below to request printed or to view digital copies of the Cleveland Official Visitor and Cleveland Dining Guides.
View a digital copy of the Official Venue Guide for the 2016 Republican National Convention.
View a digital copy of the Cleveland Official Visitors Guide.
View a digital copy of the Cleveland Shopping Guide.


Daniel Alexander Jones returns to Joe's Pub at The Public as Jomama Jones, his critically-acclaimed alter-ego, in BLACK LIGHT. This immersive performance piece removes the barrier between artist and audience through inquiry, story and song.
Be a Witness to BLACK LIGHT, the musical performance of this moment!
Through a story inspired by the Black American Freedom Movement and Afromysticism, and songs influenced by Prince, Sade, Diana Ross, and Tina Turner, the radiant Jomama Jones will leave you spellbound.
She challenges her audiences to: illuminate the hidden reaches of our shared culture; rise up and face what is revealed; revive the belief that our dreams are possibilities; and, above all, be vigilant.
Let Jomama Jones and her luminous band restore your faith in humanity.


Built in 1925 by Spanish Franciscans in a typical Hispano-Moorish style, this is one of the few churches in Morocco allowed to ring the bells for Sunday Mass.
A bright-green door gives entrance to this mosque in the centre of the medina; it is closed to non-Muslims.
The southern gate into the medina, Bab Homar is topped by a much-eroded Portuguese royal coat of arms.
Well-used local mosque and useful landmark.
The main gate to Asilah's medina.


Large civil works carried out on this scheme for David Wilson Homes at The Grove site Wynyard,Billingham. Work was carried out to tie into existing sewers at a great depth. These works included directional drilling works as well as Auger boring works. These works were completed along with a full Roads & Sewers package to service the 109 plot estate. We also carried out SUD's pond excavation and lining works as well as other storage systems within the scheme. We completed this part of our package with the construction of the footpaths up to and including tarmac as well as tarmac works been completed across the site on the roads.