Rhode Island Hall, 60 George Street, Room 009, Ph: 863-2008.
Office hours: Fridays 1-3, and/or by appointment.
Cultural heritage can be defined as physical signs of the human past that exist in the present. As conceived today, however, cultural heritage can be both physical and non-physical (or tangible and intangible in the current lingo); it can encompass both the very old and the still in use, the man-made and the natural, the permanent and the ephemeral, the invisible, even the edible. Cultural heritage is also a profession and an academic field built upon modern ideas about how and why objects, buildings, landscapes, and traditions should be preserved, protected, and presented to people living today and in the future.
This course has two main objectives. The first is to introduce students to the concept of cultural heritage and how it "works" in the world today. The second objective is to critically examine the theories, methods, and questions that shape the effort to protect and interpret cultural heritage today and how these impact modern society, our concepts of history, and our role in shaping its future.
Throughout the course we will explore issues such as current threats to cultural heritage, the roles of public opinion and tourism in the protection and interpretation of cultural heritage, impacts of development, questions of authenticity and identity, international law, ethics, and emerging and non-traditional areas of the field. We will learn about practical considerations, such as public policy, international organizations, legal frameworks, as well as how factors such as colonialism, nationalism, and war have impacted cultural heritage over the centuries. We will look at modern threats to cultural heritage—such as armed conflict, environmental degradation, uncontrolled development, and illicit trade—and will engage in current debates about ownership, responsibility, authenticity, and definitions of heritage. Students will have the opportunity to work on real-world case studies throughout the course.
Prerequisites: None, but the course is primarily geared towards upper-level undergraduates and first- to second-year graduate students.
This course is designed to be interactive, and requires the full and active participation of all students, including regular attendance, keeping up with the reading, and engagement in discussions. Students will be required to present work in class and to participate actively in discussions of the work of their classmates. In exchange for all that, there will be no exams.
All of the required readings are articles or book chapters, which are available on the wiki page. Additional references and resources referred to on the syllabus will be available on reserve in the library at the Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World or posted on the wiki page.
Note: All readings should be done before the class for which they are assigned.
What is cultural heritage? Who protects it? From what? For whom?
Appiah, K.A. "Whose Culture Is It?" New York Review of Books (Feb. 9, 2006).
Arnold, B. "The Contested Past." Anthropology Today 15 (1999): 1-4.
Lowenthal, D. Possessed by the Past: The Heritage Crusade and the Spoils of History, Introduction and Chapter 1 ("Heritage Ascendant").
Start working on Assignment 1, Due in Class Sept. 22.
Rose, C.B. "Troy and the Historical Imagination," The Classical World (1998), 405-413.
Alcock, S. Archaeologies of the Greek Past. Chapter 1.
Dietler, M. "Our Ancestors the Gauls: Archaeology, Ethnic Nationalism and the Manipulation of Celtic Identity in Modern Europe." American Anthropologist 96 (1994): 584-605.
Harvey, D.C. "Heritage Pasts and Heritage Presents: Temporality, meaning and the scope of heritage studies." International Journal of Heritage Studies 7 (2001): 319-338.
Nora, P. "Between Memory and History," in Representations 26 (1989): 7-24.
Lowenthal, D. Possessed by the Past: The Heritage Crusade and the Spoils of History, Chapter 6 (The Purpose of Heritage).
Stille, A. The Future of the Past. Introduction, Chapter 1.
Silberman, N.A. "Promised Lands and Chosen Peoples: The Politics and Poetics of Archaeological Narrative," in Nationalism, Politics and the Practice of Archaeology.
Holtorf, C. "Beyond Crusades: How (Not) to Engage with Alternative Archaeologies," World Archaeology 37, No. 4, Debates in World Archaeology (Dec., 2005): 544-551.
Arnold, B. "Pseudoarchaeology and Nationalism," in Cult Archaeology and Creationism: Understanding Pseudoscientific Beliefs about the Past. p. 154-179.
Fowler, D. "Uses of the Past: Archaeology in the Service of the State" (1987) in Histories of Archaeology, p. 93-119.
Arnold, B. "The Past as Propaganda: Totalitarian Archaeology in Nazi Germany," (1990) in Histories of Archaeology, p. 120-144.
Kostof, S. "The Emperor and the Duce: The Planning of Piazzale Augusto Imperatore in Rome," in Art and Architecture in the Service of Politics, p. 270-325.
Barghoorn, F. "Stalinism and the Russian Cultural Heritage Source," The Review of Politics 14 (1952): 178-203.
Hamilakis, Y. "Stories from Exile: Fragments from the Cultural Biography of the Parthenon (or 'Elgin') Marbles," World Archaeology 31 (1999): 303-320.
PREPARE FOR CLASS: Find a website and/or news item that focuses on cultural/historical/archaeological information as a source of cultural identity or pride or to antagonize or belittle. Circulate a link to/copy of the item before class the day before and be prepared to discuss.
Blake, J. "On Defining the Cultural Heritage," The International and Comparative Law Quarterly 49 (2000): 61- 85.
Gerstenblith, P. "Recent Developments in the Legal Protection of Cultural Heritage," in Archaeology, Cultural Heritage and the Antiquities Trade. p. 68-92.
Schofield, J. "Heritage Mgmt, Theory and Practice," in A Heritage Reader, p. 15-30.
Stille, A. The Future of the Past, Chapter 2.
Van Buren, A.W. "Some Sculptures in Italy During War Time," Art and Antiquity 7 (1918): 225-237.
Prott, L.V. "Protecting Cultural Heritage in Conflict," in Archaeology, Cultural Heritage and the Antiquities Trade. p. 25-35.
Bogdanos, M. "The Casualties of War: The Truth about the Iraq Museum," AJA 109 (2005): 477-526 (of lot of it is pictures and footnotes!).
Brodie, N. "The Plunder of Iraq's Archaeological Heritage, 1991-2005, and the London Antiquities Trade," in Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, and the Antiquities Trade. p. 206-223.
Bahrani, Z. "Iraq's Cultural Heritage: Monuments, History, and Loss," Art Journal 62 (2003): 11-17.
Bahrani, Z. "Babylon: A Case Study in the Military Occupation of an Archaeological Site," Of the Past, For the Future, p. 240-246.
Eakin, H. "The Devastation of Iraq's Past," New York Review of Books, 14 Aug. 2008.
PREPARE FOR CLASS: Find a recent news item that addresses some aspect of the cultural heritage of Iraq or Afghanistan. Circulate a link to/copy of the item before class (at least a few hours!) and be prepared to discuss.
Stille, A. The Future of the Past, Chapter 3.
de la Torre, M. and M. MacLean, "The Archaeological Heritage in the Mediterranean Region," in The Conservation of Archaeological Sites in the Mediterranean Region (Proceedings of Getty Conservation Institute Conference), p. 5-14.
Schmidt, H. "Reconstruction of Ancient Buildings," in The Conservation of Archaeological Sites in the Mediterranean Region (Proceedings of Getty Conservation Institute Conference), p. 41-50.
Matero, F.G. "Heritage, Conservation, and Archaeology: An Introduction," AIA publication.
Buccellati, G. "Conservation qua Archaeology at Tell Mozan/Urkesh," in Of the Past, For the Future, p. 73-81.
Özdoğan, M. "Ideology and Archaeology in Turkey," in Archaeology under Fire, p. 111-123.
McManamon, F.P. "Archaeological Messages and Messengers," in Public Archaeology 1 (2000): 5-20; response and re-response.
Tilley, C. "Excavation as Theatre," in A Heritage Reader, p. 74-81.
Sullivan, S. "A Planning Model for the Management of Archaeological Sites," in The Conservation of Archaeological Sites in the Mediterranean Region (Proceedings of Getty Conservation Institute Conference), p.15-26.
Timothy, D.J., "Introduction," in Managing Heritage and Cultural Tourism Resources. Critical Essays, Vol. I. p. xi-xxv.
Jameson, J.H. "Presenting Archaeology to the Public, Then and Now: An Introduction," in The Heritage Reader, p. 428-456.
Sivan, R. "The Presentation of Archaeological Sites," in The Conservation of Archaeological Sites in the Mediterranean Region (Proceedings of Getty Conservation Institute Conference), p 51-59.
World Heritage Manuals 1. Managing Tourism at World Heritage Sites: a Practical Manual for World Heritage Site Managers. Introductory material, choose one section of interest to you to read more carefully.
Moscardo, G. "Mindful Visitors: Heritage and Tourism." in Managing Heritage and Cultural Tourism Resources. Critical Essays, Vol. I. p. 281-302. (original publication Annals of Tourism Research 23 (1996): 376-97).
Hampton, M.P. "Entry Points for Local Tourism in Developing Countries: Evidence from Yogyakarta, Indonesia," Human Geography 85 (2003): 85-101.
Assignment 3 Due in Class: Site Presentation and Interpretation Project (and short presentations).
Low, S.M. "Social Sustainability: People, History, and Values," in Managing Change: Sustainable Approaches to the Conservation of the Built Environment, p. 47-64.
World Heritage Papers 13. Linking Universal and Local Values: Managing a Sustainable Future for World Heritage (skim).
Rojas, E. "Heritage Conservation in Latin America and the Caribbean: Recent Bank Experience," Inter American Development Bank (1998).
Links to World Bank reports on cultural heritage on the wiki.
*NOTE: FINAL PROJECT TOPICS MUST BE APPROVED BY NOVEMBER 6.
Post-colonialism and cultural heritage of the global south, the east, the north. The underrepresented, the vernacular, the intangible, the secular, the ugly.
Overview text at http://whc.unesco.org/en/globalstrategy/ and the "Report of the Expert Meeting on the 'Global Strategy' and thematic studies for a representative World Heritage List." under Conferences and Studies (http://whc.unesco.org/archive/global94.htm#debut).
Shepherd, N. "Disciplining archaeology; the invention of South African prehistory, 1923-1953," Kronos (2002): 127-45.
Shepherd, N. "Archaeology Dreaming; postapartheid urban imaginaries and the bones of the Prestwich Street dead," Journal of Social Archaeology 7 (2007): 3-28.
Thebe, P.C. "Intangible Heritage Management: Does World Heritage Listing Help?" in Of the Past, For the Future, p. 312-321.
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. "Intangible Heritage as Metacultural Production," Museum International 56 (2004): 52-64.
Each student will select a category of underrepresented/alternative/unrecognized to investigate and discuss in class. Bibliography will we posted on the wiki.
Colette, A., et al. Case Studies on Climate Change and World Heritage. Introductory material and sections 4 and 5.
Mitchell, P. "Practicing archaeology at a time of climatic catastrophe," Antiquity 82 (1093-1103).
Cassar, M. and R. Pender. "The impact of climate change on cultural heritage: evidence and response," 14th Triennial Meeting, The Hague, 12-16 September 2005, p. 610-616.
Berenfeld, M. "Climate Change and Cultural Heritage: Local Evidence, Global Responses," George Wright Forum 25 (2008): 66-82.
Student Presentations: Reading to be assigned by student presenters.
Student Presentations, if necessary. Otherwise, reading TBD by instructor.


Kirk James Hinrich (born January 2, 1981) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He has also been a member of the USA National Team.
As a high school senior, Hinrich was named the 1999 Co-Iowa Mr. Basketball, along with future college teammate and roommate Nick Collison. Hinrich originally committed to play basketball at Iowa State but when the coach at the time, Tim Floyd, took the head coaching position for the NBA's Chicago Bulls, Hinrich changed his mind and decided to attend the University of Kansas. While playing college basketball for Kansas, Hinrich helped his team reach the Final Four in the NCAA basketball tournament in 2002 and the championship game against the Carmelo Anthony-led Syracuse University in 2003. Hinrich played all four years at Kansas before being drafted into the NBA. He is often referred to as "Captain Kirk" because he was voted as team captain for the Bulls for four consecutive years. Hinrich is the Bulls' all-time leader in three-point field goals. After seven seasons with the Bulls, he had short stints with the Washington Wizards and Atlanta Hawks before returning to the Bulls in 2012. In 2016, he was traded back to the Atlanta Hawks.


text:
Spinal administration of adrenergic agents produces analgesia in amphibians
Craig W. Stevens, George M. Brenner
Pharmacology and Physiology
Direct intraspinal injection of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, and the α-adrenergic agents dexmedetomidine and clonidine, produced a dose-dependent elevation of pain thresholds in the Northern grass frog, Rana pipiens. Significant analgesic effects were noted for at least 4 h. The analgesic effect of intraspinal dexmedetomidine or epinephrine was blocked by systemic pretreatment with the α2-adrenoceptor antagonists, yohimbine and atipamezole, but not with the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin. Dose-response analyses showed that dexmedetomidine, epinephrine, norepinephrine had similar analgesic potencies, but clonidine was significantly less potent. Analgesia was observed without accompanying motor or sedative effects. These results suggest that α2-adrenoceptor mechanisms which mediate analgesia may have evolved early in vertebrate evolution and that descending epinephrine-containing fibers in the amphibian nervous system may be the source of endogenous catecholamines regulating nociceptive sensitivity in the amphibian spinal cord.
European Journal of Pharmacology
-Adrenoceptor
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Spinal administration of adrenergic agents produces analgesia in amphibians'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Amphibians Medicine & Life Sciences
Dexmedetomidine Medicine & Life Sciences
Epinephrine Medicine & Life Sciences
Analgesia Medicine & Life Sciences
Adrenergic Receptors Medicine & Life Sciences
Analgesics Medicine & Life Sciences
Stevens, C. W., & Brenner, G. M. (1996). Spinal administration of adrenergic agents produces analgesia in amphibians. European Journal of Pharmacology, 316(2-3), 205-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(96)00681-4
Stevens, Craig W. ; Brenner, George M. / Spinal administration of adrenergic agents produces analgesia in amphibians. In: European Journal of Pharmacology. 1996 ; Vol. 316, No. 2-3. pp. 205-210.
@article{78cd3f15310e4ee2807746a660e8f672,
title = "Spinal administration of adrenergic agents produces analgesia in amphibians",
abstract = "Direct intraspinal injection of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, and the α-adrenergic agents dexmedetomidine and clonidine, produced a dose-dependent elevation of pain thresholds in the Northern grass frog, Rana pipiens. Significant analgesic effects were noted for at least 4 h. The analgesic effect of intraspinal dexmedetomidine or epinephrine was blocked by systemic pretreatment with the α2-adrenoceptor antagonists, yohimbine and atipamezole, but not with the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin. Dose-response analyses showed that dexmedetomidine, epinephrine, norepinephrine had similar analgesic potencies, but clonidine was significantly less potent. Analgesia was observed without accompanying motor or sedative effects. These results suggest that α2-adrenoceptor mechanisms which mediate analgesia may have evolved early in vertebrate evolution and that descending epinephrine-containing fibers in the amphibian nervous system may be the source of endogenous catecholamines regulating nociceptive sensitivity in the amphibian spinal cord.",
keywords = "-Adrenoceptor, Amphibian, Analgesia, Pain",
author = "Stevens, {Craig W.} and Brenner, {George M.}",
journal = "European Journal of Pharmacology",
Stevens, CW & Brenner, GM 1996, 'Spinal administration of adrenergic agents produces analgesia in amphibians', European Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 316, no. 2-3, pp. 205-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(96)00681-4
Spinal administration of adrenergic agents produces analgesia in amphibians. / Stevens, Craig W.; Brenner, George M.
In: European Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 316, No. 2-3, 05.12.1996, p. 205-210.
T1 - Spinal administration of adrenergic agents produces analgesia in amphibians
AU - Stevens, Craig W.
AU - Brenner, George M.
N2 - Direct intraspinal injection of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, and the α-adrenergic agents dexmedetomidine and clonidine, produced a dose-dependent elevation of pain thresholds in the Northern grass frog, Rana pipiens. Significant analgesic effects were noted for at least 4 h. The analgesic effect of intraspinal dexmedetomidine or epinephrine was blocked by systemic pretreatment with the α2-adrenoceptor antagonists, yohimbine and atipamezole, but not with the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin. Dose-response analyses showed that dexmedetomidine, epinephrine, norepinephrine had similar analgesic potencies, but clonidine was significantly less potent. Analgesia was observed without accompanying motor or sedative effects. These results suggest that α2-adrenoceptor mechanisms which mediate analgesia may have evolved early in vertebrate evolution and that descending epinephrine-containing fibers in the amphibian nervous system may be the source of endogenous catecholamines regulating nociceptive sensitivity in the amphibian spinal cord.
AB - Direct intraspinal injection of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, and the α-adrenergic agents dexmedetomidine and clonidine, produced a dose-dependent elevation of pain thresholds in the Northern grass frog, Rana pipiens. Significant analgesic effects were noted for at least 4 h. The analgesic effect of intraspinal dexmedetomidine or epinephrine was blocked by systemic pretreatment with the α2-adrenoceptor antagonists, yohimbine and atipamezole, but not with the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin. Dose-response analyses showed that dexmedetomidine, epinephrine, norepinephrine had similar analgesic potencies, but clonidine was significantly less potent. Analgesia was observed without accompanying motor or sedative effects. These results suggest that α2-adrenoceptor mechanisms which mediate analgesia may have evolved early in vertebrate evolution and that descending epinephrine-containing fibers in the amphibian nervous system may be the source of endogenous catecholamines regulating nociceptive sensitivity in the amphibian spinal cord.
KW - -Adrenoceptor
KW - Amphibian
KW - Pain
JO - European Journal of Pharmacology
JF - European Journal of Pharmacology
Stevens CW, Brenner GM. Spinal administration of adrenergic agents produces analgesia in amphibians. European Journal of Pharmacology. 1996 Dec 5;316(2-3):205-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(96)00681-4

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


When I was in high school I started painting murals. It was the late eighties / early nineties, and that was a big thing – a more custom take on stenciled borders and wallpapered walls that everyone seemed to have. It kept me busy. I did a lot of nurseries and kid rooms, bathrooms, dining rooms, kitchens. I painted on larger walls in schools – lots of book themed murals in hallways and stairwells. I also did pen and ink renderings or watercolors of people's homes, watercolor names of children for their rooms, a few painted mailboxes and flowerpots – I don't think I ever turned down a job. Thinking back on that now, I really hustled in high school. I had places to go (Europe with my French class!), things to buy (Guess jeans!), events to attend (New Kids on the Block concerts!).
So it was kind of funny to have some flashbacks to this time over this past weekend.
I painted a lot of book themed murals in the elementary school where my mom taught third grade. I started painting them in high school, and added to the collection over summer breaks at home from college. Based on the date above, I must have done this one right before heading back to my sophomore year at Clemson. It's a scene from Eric Carle's Draw Me A Star, and I remember that it wasn't that easy to paint something in thick paint that was originally rendered in painted tissue paper collages.
My first mural in that school was the cover of one of my favorite books – Tomie De Paulo's The Art Lesson. It's hard to tell in the photo, but that mural was ten feet tall and painted over a stair, so it was a pretty dicey ladder setup I worked from. Also, I had to use oil based paint on the painted concrete block walls, which wasn't much fun. I don't miss mineral spirits. I used to bathe in the stuff.
E is always drawing or painting something at home. A friend asked recently if she'd be willing to paint a mural on her daughter's bedroom wall, and E was excited to do it. I offered to help her get started on this project because I know that it's not as easy as it looks. You need good quality paint, you need a lot of supplies, and it's easy to tell when you haven't done your homework. Plus, someone's got to drive her around to do all of this, so she didn't have much of a choice on the partnership. Luckily she was on board.
We ended up having a really great time together, and split the work pretty evenly to be efficient. I gave her lots of pointers along the way, but let her make or weigh in on every single decision. (We used a push pin in the corner of the wall, and stretched twine tied to a pencil to make the perfect arcs for the rainbow stripes. And we hunted through the house for big circles – using a step stool and a metal toy bin for the fluffy clouds.) We made a good team, and when we were driving home on the third day, she thanked me for the opportunity to try it. She loved the process and really loved the end result. She wants to do more. I have a feeling she might have a mural business in the making.
I haven't been to bed before midnight in a week, and I've promised myself to be there by ten tonight. That's in eleven minutes, so I'm typing at breakneck speed – I'll do a quick edit in the morning and then post this. I'm just so excited to have a camera again, and so I've been playing around with it some this weekend. I shot some of these photos early this morning, and I was pretty rushed to get out the door to set up for the annual soiree at the girls' elementary school. I'm glad I took the time to take the photographs though, I love to look back on these each year. There are a few process shots thrown in as well.
This year's theme was Super Soulard Soiree – it had a pop art / comic book / super hero kind of vibe to it. I decided to take this really bold, graphic approach with paper as my medium, which gave the posters a really nice handcrafted feel. The top poster above was the crowd favorite, and the last one that I completed. E punched green paper with a hole punch for an hour while I glued the dots on in a grid to form the planet. Then I used two shades of gray to make the buildings, assembling them around the globe. I wove curved rainbow streamers through the building, and this poster was called "Save the World". It featured lots of civic and good citizen minded prizes, plus a large gift certificate to Peacemaker Lobster & Crab just around the corner from us.
I loved this second poster – "Kryptonite". The description asked "What's your kryponite?" – carbs, beer, working out, etc. I drew inspiration for the background from Lichentstein's Still Life with Crystal Bowl, and cut dozens of black strips of paper. Then I made dimensional green kryptonite exploding in the center. I love the way it turned out. A bird pooped on it at the end of the event, so maybe pigeon poop is your kryptonite!
The idea I got most excited about was for this third poster, "What's Your Super Power?" The prize was full of experiences – music, art, fitness – so many different things to try out and explore. I decided to take inspiration from Warhol's Campbell's soup cans, and opened three of them, with some comic book bubbles asking the questions Could I? Should I? Maybe I Will. At one point I entertained the idea of doing the Campbell's logo, but even I have my limits. I actually like the simplicity here.
The last poster was "Lightning Power for a Rainy Day" – it had so many awesome things to do in the summer when it's raining outside. I had plenty of inspiration for this one last week. The BAM! in the center is dimensional with gold and red sticking out, and I love how the white dot pattern – stretched out into raindrops – turned out. Lots of measuring and marking on these four posters to get them to turn out right.
The afternoon was perfect – sunny, 70, with a light breeze. The decorations were so much fun – my friend Becky orchestrated all of that, and there was a great crew there Sunday morning setting everything up.
I've heard rumors it was the most successful soiree to date – which is really exciting to hear after all the hard work from everyone.
I "borrowed" a few of the centerpieces, and tucked them around the house. I was seriously worn out by dinner time, but rallied to do a few more things before bed. My goal this week is to be in bed by 10pm each night – we'll see how that works out! It was nice to celebrate and visit with friends on such a beautiful afternoon.


text:
A Few Moments With Glenn Hughes - Black Country Communion
Blues, Interviews, Rock, UK
Eric Gales Unveils New Track 'Somethings Gotta Give' Ft. Three Time Grammy Nominated Singer B-Slade
Blues, Music Videos, UK
Album Review: William Control - The Neuromancer
Album Reviews, Artist Feature
Arise Sir Ozzy The Knight - Ozzy Osbourne Campaign
Adler Announces Tour
Valley Of Bones by Full Devil Jacket
Twelve years is a long time to be gone from any scene. Full Devil Jacket plans to recoup for lost time and with interest.
Full Devil Jacket, or FDJ for short, is Josh Brown (Vocals), Keith Foster (Drums), Moose Douglass (Bass), and Paul Varnick (Guitar). This four piece from the Jackson, TN area have been through quite a bit. After a successful crowd funding project, the new album, that was done with producer Justin Rimer of 12 Stones and Breaking Point experience, will finally be out Mar 31, 2015.
Track Listing for: Valley of Bones
01. Killers
02. Valley Of Bones
03. 7X Down
04. The Moment
05. We Got The Love
06. What if I Say
07. Blood of the Innocent
08. Picturebox Voodoo
09. Paper Crown
"The new album, [Valley of Bones], seems to be us picking up where we left off years ago. We have all grown as musicians and all have had different influences since then. It's a great take on the FDJ sound with new influences mixed in. All we want as a band is, for everyone who hears it, to fall in love with it. We want everyone to be able to relate to each and every song. I think we have done that." ~ Keith Foster
This is not an album that only has one sound to it through out the tracks. "We Got The Love" has a fast pace that picks up and doesn't ever give you a chance to catch your breath. Add to it the vocals, with a slight Lemmy Kilmister sound in them, by Josh and you have a song ready to rip your heart out in a show of affection. In "7X Down" the guitar work of Paul's is in full, blistering, force. Long chords and the sense of all the tension in the sound breaking through at any moment keeps your attention until it's all over and done with. The bass grooves added by Moose give it that eerie feeling of being watched by the monster under the bed close to its feeding time. On the title cut of this CD, "Valley Of Bones," shines with the heat coming off of Keith's drum kit. His pacing brings all of the other guys into focus and points all of that energy straight into your ears.
"Picturebox Voodoo" has a very White Zombie feel to it in it's intro but with the cleaner vocals and FDJ spin. It should translate well live and will be stuck in your head for days afterward. As an example of changing things up, "Paper Crown" does this quite well. For the rest of the songs on the release, you'll have to pick it up when it drops. If you were a FDJ fan in the past, it's time to come back into the fold and remember why all over again with this LP.
The first three shows for the guys tour in support of Valley of Bones is below. If they come close to your neck of the country, we'd love to hear what you thought of them live.
Mar 12, 2015 ~ Main Street Station ~ Daytona Beach, FL
Mar 13, 2015 ~ County Line Saloon ~ Melbourne, FL
Mar 14, 2015 ~ Beach Boulevard Concert Hall ~ Jacksonville, FL
Read the interview Keith Foster did with National Rock Review back in January, here.
Full Devil Jacket
FULL DEVIL JACKET – Album Teaser
eOne MusicFull Devil JacketJustin RimerValley of Bones
Detroit Rockers Wilson Sign To Razor and Tie
Core by Analog Digital Disorder (A.D.D.)
After getting the photo bug in the far, past days of black and white film, Erich continued to develop his eye for photography which lead to stops in the sporting, art, wedding, and eventually concert music worlds. Now, doing more writing for National Rock Review, he has entered into the journey of getting to know the artists and the industry, not just the faces on the other side of the lens.
Drowning Pool at The Machine Shop in Flint, MI on 28-Mar-2015
John E Bacon
Hellelujah By Drowning Pool


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Delphi Murders: Liberty German's Grandfather Speaks Out As Police Seek Tips On Catfishing Account Connected To Suspected Pedophile
by Jonathan Anderson, Journalist
643 Shares Tweet
Police may be one step closer to cracking the unsolved murders of two teen girls whose bodies were found near an Indiana railroad nearly five years ago, WXIN-TV reports.
In February 2017, Liberty "Libby" German and her friend Abigail Williams, both 14, were murdered in Delphi, Indiana, after taking a walk together.
Investigators thus far have not arrested anyone in connection with the slayings, but authorities this week announced that a person using a social media account named "anthony_shots" was attempting to talk with and meet underage girls around the same time of the killings, according to WTHR-TV.
"The creator of the fictitious profile used this information while communicating with juvenile females to solicit nude images, obtain their addresses, and attempt to meet them," police said in a news release.
The account was used between 2016 and 2017 and featured a profile image stolen from a male model.
The account attempted to give the appearance of wealth, posting images of cash and luxury vehicles. Photos of a shirtless man were also posted to the account, but those images were stolen like the profile photo, according to police.
What police did not voluntarily disclose is that a man who had the same Snapchat and Instagram persona of "anthony_shots" is a suspected pedophile who is already in custody.
Court records obtained by the WISH-TV tie the account to 27-year-old Kegan Anthony Kline, who was detained on child porn charges 10 days after the girls were killed in 2017, according to the news outlet.
Police arrested Kline less than 40 miles from where the girls' bodies were found.
Indiana State Police have not confirmed whether the girls were in contact with the "anthony_shots" account or why it has apparently become a recent focus of the investigation.
Kline is presently in an Indiana jail as he faces pending charges of child porn and child exploitation.
In interviews with police, Kline reportedly told investigators that girls would send him nude photos and he would masturbate to them, according to WISH-TV.
Authorities have not charged Kline in connection with the Delphi case, and his attorney has denied that he was involved, the Daily Mail reports.
Police were able to recover a photo from German's phone that may show the suspected killer walking toward the girls. An audio recording also appears to have captured the man saying "down the hill." German's last photo posted on Snapchat shows Williams walking on train tracks.
Authorities have never released publicly how the girls were killed.
Mike Patty, German's grandfather, said he hopes this week's development leads to finding the killer.
"I think it's another piece of the puzzle," Patty, who raised German, told WXIN-TV. "I truly do."
He added: "It's not very often police come out and ask for the public's help. Here's a place somebody can step up and really help."
Authorities have identified the male model whose images were used in the "anthony_shots" account and have determined that the model had no knowledge his images were being used. The model had no role in the murders.
Police are asking for information from anyone who may have communicated with, met or attempted to meet the person who created the "anthony_shots" profile. To report information about the case, call 765-822-3535 or email abbyandlibbytip@cacoshrf.com.
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VIDEO: Agent & Defense Spar Over Whether Alex Murdaugh Confessed to Killing Paul


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Opinion: How to make the DFID merger work
By Simon Gill // 23 June 2020
DFID staff at work in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Photo by: James Fulker / DFID / CC BY
The most significant concern for ministers managing the impending merger of the U.K. Department for International Development and the Foreign & Commonwealth Office should be the impact of these changes on the poorest and most vulnerable people.
Despite the prime minister's rhetoric, the experience of other countries that have merged foreign affairs with development departments has been mixed. The critical question is how we can ensure that a merged department is able to deliver on multiple objectives, including those set out by the International Development Act 2002 — addressing and promoting poverty reduction.
'Long overdue': The development voices in favor of a DFID merger
The decision to close DFID was met with a chorus of condemnation, but a handful of development experts are taking a more optimistic outlook.
The prime minister has set great store on the new department being able to deliver more "than the sum of its parts," emphasizing that this is a merger and not a takeover. If so, there are certain areas that must be focused on to ensure that the new department is fit for purpose.
This provides an opportunity to reenergize coherence in U.K. missions across the globe. DFID's cadre of in-country professionals brings to the merger both a deep cultural understanding of need as well as insights into how support can be best provided. This remains a key resource that can help drive coherence. This expertise must not be lost, nor must the transparency around U.K. aid that DFID has started to develop in recent years. Aid spending must continue to be tracked to ensure that aid is getting to those who need it most.
In any country where development support is at the heart of the U.K. relationship, the ambassador or high commissioner for the country must be someone with strong development credentials.
Departmental mergers do not, in themselves, bring about greater efficiency. However, they do create a potential opportunity to review, reprioritize, and redevelop a strategic vision. The upcoming integrated review of the U.K.'s international policies provides this. We can hope that the merger will enable the systems and processes that underpin DFID's effectiveness and transparency to be shared with FCO. Increased oversight of FCO spending, drawing on DFID expertise, will also make a huge difference.
It is important to remember that the merger will take place at a time when there will be a significant reduction in the level of resources allocated to development. It is therefore vital to have a transparent process to ensure that development funds are fully utilized for targeted delivery. Savings can be made through an increased use of shared services and reduced duplication. These resources should then be used to fund new initiatives or address unfunded priorities, leaving the remainder dedicated and focused on addressing poverty and other shared objectives.
There should be a focus on what is needed on a country-by-country basis, giving development a louder voice on the world stage. In any country where development support is at the heart of the U.K. relationship, the ambassador or high commissioner for the country must be someone with strong development credentials. U.K. missions need to have a good understanding of the country context — hence the importance of DFID's locally based staff — and be in a position to respond to articulated demand for U.K. expertise and partnerships, rather than pushing a dated and colonial model of donor-recipient support.
The development of a strong country platform should not be limited to the expertise of DFID and FCO, but embrace all U.K. departments that have an in-country presence, including those covering security and trade portfolios.
The creation of a new department provides an opportunity to rebuild public trust and reset the dialogue around development. Domestic prosperity requires a level of engagement in the outside world — economic instability, the spread of pandemics, and the impact of climate change do not respect borders.
Public support for development can be generated both from a strictly altruistic stance, as well as on the issue of mutual prosperity and resilience. A renewed and revitalized department focused on poverty reduction, delivering results and impact, is good for the world and for the U.K.'s standing. We need to hold the new department to account to ensure it delivers on its commitments to poverty reduction and to ensuring that the U.K. shapes and influences the development discourse for years to come.
Simon Gill
Simon Gill is the managing director of the Overseas Development Institute and has over 30 years' experience working in international development and public financial management in numerous countries across Africa and Asia. Since joining ODI in 2012, Simon's work has focused on strengthening budget processes in fragile and conflict-affected states working with finance ministries, principally in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Corporate Living's LSERIES begins with the L40. Offering economical high grade quality task seating, the L40, like the whole LSERIES, provides body contouring breathable mesh back, seating adjustment system and all day ergonomic comfort. Offering a strong and durable Nylon Frame with a German engineered Knee-tilt Synchronic Mechanism and Rigid Gas lift, the L40 guarantees quality and robustness.
Just Like the E50, the E60 Typist chairs are most loved for their comfort and durability. They are also rated AFRDI, Level 6 Certified and come with a full 5 Year Warrantee. With a long life gas lift height adjustment system and ergonomic foam seat the E60 Typist is most loved for its IATB (Independently Adjustable Tilting Back) mechanism that can be locked in any position.
Featuring a large fully upholstered back with generous Lumbar support and metal reinforced 5 Star base the E60 Typist is designed for all day comfort for the workforce.
The L43 Visitor's Chair offers a light, airy feel and contemporary styling, ideal for any business. Clean lines and a stable, sled base make the L43 a simple choice when it comes to visitor seating which offers real comfort.
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This chair has a sleek body contouring adjustment system and ergonomic mesh back, but best of all the L41 is outstanding value for money.
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Q: Redirecting home page to altogether new page after first login I have a web application. So whenever a new user logins to the application, they will land on the home page(home.aspx), after that whenever they login to that particular web application, they will be redirected to some other page(Test.aspx). So every subsequent login, the user lands on the Test.aspx.
Please suggest any way to achieve this. I will be implementing it in Sharepoint 2010 master page.

A: Give the user a cookie that says he has logged in previously, and then when the document loads, check that cookie and redirect accordingly.

A: Store the landing page as a field in your db store.  Return it with your login response, and redirect to the appropriate page.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Evergreen State College is a public liberal arts and sciences college, created by the Washington legislature in 1967 to offer integrated, flexible, and reasonably priced education that equips graduates for careers in public service, science, entrepreneurship, education, and the arts.
Degrees offered: Bachelor of Arts/Bachelor of Science, Master of Public Administration, Master in Teaching, Master of Environment Studies.
National reputation: Evergreen's strong academics and moderate cost have earned the college top ranking in the most influential college guides. U.S. News and World Report's 2014 listing of top public regional universities ranks Evergreen at #4 in the West. The 2014 Princeton Review calls Evergreen one of the country's best institutions for undergraduate education, based on outstanding academics. Fiske Guide has repeatedly cited Evergreen as a "Best Buy" in higher education. In 2013, Sierra magazine named Evergreen one of the nation's greenest colleges, based on sustainable practices on campus and a strong commitment to environmental education.
Notable alumni: Singer/performer Macklemore, "The Simpsons" creator Matt Groening, online education entrepreneur Lynda Weinman, "MakerBot" CEO Bre Pettis, "Portlandia" and "Sleater-Kinney" performer Carrie Brownstein, U.S. Congressman Denny Heck, Washington Department of Ecology Director Maia Bellon.
Name: The official name of the college is The Evergreen State College. Evergreen is acceptable on second reference. Evergreen College, Evergreen State and TESC are incorrect.
Mascot and Motto: The school mascot is the geoduck clam, panopea generosa. Pronounced "gooey-duck," the name comes from a local tribal word meaning "dig deep." Speedy the Geoduck regularly appears on lists of weirdest college mascots. The Latin motto of the school is "Omnia Extares," which is featured on the college's special vehicle license plates, available from the state's Department of Licensing.
Logo and Colors: Authorized logos are available. School colors are green (Pantone 574) and white.
Location: The main Olympia campus covers about 1,000 woodland and waterfront acres on southern Puget Sound, the largest public campus in Washington state. It is located just north of Highway 101, near the intersection with Interstate 5, in southwestern Washington, between Seattle and Portland. The Evergreen Tacoma program is located in the Hilltop neighborhood in the city of Tacoma.


Envision is a sustainability rating system and planning guide for introducing sustainability considerations into infrastructure projects.
Envision is a holistic sustainability rating system for all types and sizes of civil infrastructure including the roads, bridges, pipelines, railways, airports, dams, levees, landfills, water treatment systems, and other components that make up civil works. Envision is not intended to evaluate human-occupied, interior, conditioned buildings, but can be used in conjunction with building rating systems. While initially developed for the U.S. and Canada, Envision can be adapted to other locations. Envision is being used by infrastructure owners, design teams, community groups, environmental organizations, constructors, regulators, and policy makers to improve the sustainability of infrastructure projects.


There are eight cart ruts in a region with several quarries, north-east of Misraħ Għar il-Kbir.
Għar Mundu: 35.848417 14.404531 A pair of cart ruts runs along N-S direction.
Two cart ruts are in this area. One pair runs from N to S, the other one from W to E.
A pair of cart ruts, right in front of the chapel, interrupted by a concreted path.
Three stretches can be seen along Triq San Lawrenz ta'Gholja, one on the cliff's edge of a quarry.
Misraħ Għar Daqquq: There are two pairs of cart ruts which end at a rubble wall.
This is the most extensive and complex system of cart ruts on the islands. It is known by local people as Girgenti cart ruts, tourists call it Clapham Junction. A clearly visible, deep track runs in this direction from N-W, where it forks after 35 metres. After the fork, one lane runs south, the other south-east.
Misraħ Għar il-Kbir west: 35.851321 14.395663, above Għar il-Kbir.
There are five pairs of cart ruts in the area of Misraħ Tal-Mielaħ, north-east of Ta'Żuta quarry. There are several channels at the north-west end of pair No.1, at the edge of a quarry.
Ta' L-Imsaqfa: 35.844100 14.402364 A pair of eroded cart ruts set along in a NE-SW direction.
Ta'Mazzu: A sprawling cart ruts system; most stretches are running in a NE-SW direction.
One pair of cart ruts, poorly defined, runs in a NE-SW direction.
Ta'Żuta: Four pairs of cart ruts following the path south of Ta'Żuta quarry.
One shallow pair can be seen north of the road to Verdala Palace.
Two pairs of cart ruts follow the path from Triq Panoramika to the remains of the Bronze Age settlement Wardija ta'San Ġorġ.


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Nepal Police still clueless about murder of 3 children in Bhojpur District
Jul 7, 2017-
Police are yet to crack the mystery surrounding the murder of three children at Pyauli Marengdanda-3 in Arun Rural Municipality of Bhojpur district.
Locals have been left panic stricken after the police failed to track the culprits behind the murder yet.
Ranjib Sapkota, 16, Sushma Phuyal, 14 and Pradeep Phuyal, 8, who had been missing since June 24, were found dead at a fish pond belonging to one Toren Karki at around 7 am on June 26.
Sushma and Pradeep are the members of a single family while Ranjib is their neighbour.
The fish pond is 150 metres away from their houses.
A pall of gloom has enveloped the village following the death of three children.
Ranjib was the youngest son among the three children while Sushma and Pradeep were the two children among the three of Chetnath Phuyal.
Source: The Kathmandu Post
Nearly 150 Nepalese arrested in Malaysia for Unauthorized Employment
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3 dead, 3 went missing in separate landslides...


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\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}

Recently, using the deeply virtual Compton scattering, high-energy electrons were scattered from the protons in liquid hydrogen allowing the measurement of the quark pressure distribution inside the proton revealing the pressure is 10 times greater than the pressure inside a neutron star \cite{burkert_nature_vol_557_396_2018}. Moreover, there is a negative pressure region inside the proton from the periphery up to 0.6 fm, resulting the matter density is confined to a small region near the center of the hadron. Of course, the information about the matter distribution as well as the density distribution must be taken into account in the proton-proton ($pp$) and antiproton-proton ($\bar{p}p$) elastic scattering.

A different point of view for the total cross section was recently introduced \cite{borcsik_mod_phys_lett_a31_1650066_2016}, where the negative and positive fractal dimensions for $pp$ and $\bar{p}p$ total cross section were obtained. The negative fractal dimension implies that total cross section measures the proton emptiness. On the other hand, the positive fractal dimension can be interpreted in the usual way, i.e. as an area.

The Tsallis entropy in the impact parameter space was obtained using a few basic assumptions \cite{campos_preparation_2018}. In accordance with the phase transition observed in the total cross section, there is also a phase transition in the Tsallis entropy. The negative entropy can be seen as the internal constituents using energy to maintain its internal configuration near the center of the hadron. The positive entropy state is achieved only after a phase transition, and the internal constituents go then towards the hadron periphery.

Theoretical interpretation \cite{borcsik_mod_phys_lett_a31_1650066_2016,campos_preparation_2018} and the recent measurement in Ref. \cite{burkert_nature_vol_557_396_2018} allow the following assumption: the quarks and gluons of the hadron are located near the center, below some energy, in the elastic scattering and, as the collision energy grows, the quarks and gluons change their location towards the hadron periphery. Of course, the only constituents of the proton in this model are quarks and gluons, and the emptiness regions are fulfilled with energy due to the strong interaction.

One proposes here the use of a damped confinement potential to mimic the hadron internal energy. Furthermore, it is necessary to introduce a phase transition factor in the internal pressure calculation in order to preserve the coherence with the theoretical approach seen in \cite{borcsik_mod_phys_lett_a31_1650066_2016,campos_preparation_2018} and with the phase transition observed in the total cross section experimental dataset. The use of both, the phase factor and the damped confinement potential, furnish an explanation for the recent measurement of the proton internal pressure \cite{burkert_nature_vol_557_396_2018}. Moreover, the pressure obtained here predicts the appearance of a gray area (hollowness effect) near the center of the hadron as the energy tends to infinity.

The paper is organized as follow. In section \ref{sec:damped} one introduces a damped confinement potential. In section \ref{sec:ip} one calculates the pressure inside a scattered hadron taking into account the phase transition occurring in the total cross section. In section \ref{sec:hollowness} are discussed the recent TOTEM and ATLAS measurement as well as the hollowness effect. Section \ref{sec:critical} presents the discussion and critical remarks.

\section{Damped Confinement Potential}\label{sec:damped}

As well-known, the confinement potential describes the potential energy of an infinitely heavy static quark-antiquark pair separated by a distance $r$. At small distances, it has the Coulomb-like behavior with the running coupling $\alpha_s(\mu)$ measuring the interaction strength. At large distances, the coupling strength is given by the string tension $\sigma$. Then, the potential exhibits its linear confining feature, i.e. the pair remains glued, and they are only free as a couple in the color singlet form. The confinement potential $V(r)$ can be explicitly written as
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:model_2}
V(r)=-\frac{4}{3}\frac{\alpha_s(\mu)}{r}+\sigma r,
\end{eqnarray}

\noindent where $\alpha_{s}(\mu)$ is responsible by the strong interaction at a specific energy scale $\mu$ \cite{PDG-ChP-C40-100001-2016}. The strong increase of $\alpha_s(\mu)$ should be stopped at the infrared scale since the wavelengths of the created particles cannot exceed the size of the hadron  \cite{brodsky_phys_lett_b666_95_2008}. Explicitly, the running coupling is written in one-loop approximation as
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:model_3}
 \alpha_s(\mu)=\frac{1}{\beta_{0}\ln\bigl(\mu^{2}/\Lambda_{\scriptsize{\mbox{QCD}}}^{2}\bigr)},
\end{eqnarray}

\noindent where $\beta_{0} = (33-2n_{f})/12\pi$ is the $1$-loop $\beta$-function. The number of active quark flavors at the energy scale $\mu$ is given by $n_{f}$ and are considered light $m_{q} \ll \mu$, where $m_{q}$ is the quark mass: $n_f=6$ for $\mu\geq m_t$, $n_f=5$ for $m_b\leq \mu \leq m_t$, $n_f=4$ for $m_c\leq \mu \leq m_b$ and $n_f=3$ for $\mu\leq m_c$ \cite{buras_book}. Furthermore, the running coupling constant can be defined from any physical
observable perturbatively calculated \cite{grunberg_phys_lett_b95_70_1980}.

The string tension $\sigma  \approx 0.405$ GeV \cite{PRD-90-074017-2014}, in general, depends on the temperature for cold strongly interacting matter. The $\Lambda_{\scriptsize{\mbox{QCD}}}$-parameter is a non-universal scale dependent on the renormalization scheme and corresponds to the scale where the perturbatively-defined coupling would diverge \cite{PDG-ChP-C40-100001-2016}. The numerical value of $\Lambda_{\scriptsize{\mbox{QCD}}}$ depends, in particular, on $n_{f}$ and here one uses $\Lambda_{\scriptsize{\mbox{QCD}}}$ from \cite{PDG-ChP-C40-100001-2016}, for a given $n_{f}$.

As can be observed from Eq. (\ref{eq:model_2}), one requires $\mu > \mu_{\scriptsize{\mbox{min}}} \equiv \omega \Lambda_{\scriptsize{\mbox{QCD}}}$ to preserve the perturbative definition of $\alpha_s(\mu)$. The softest case corresponds to $\omega=1$ and more conservative and exact estimation is given by \cite{grunberg_phys_lett_b95_70_1980}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:model_alpha_3}
\omega =
\exp\bigl[F_{0}(\alpha_s^{\scriptsize{\mbox{max}}})/2\beta_{0}\bigr],
\end{eqnarray}

\noindent where $\alpha_s^{\scriptsize{\mbox{max}}}=\beta_{0}/\beta_{1}$,
$F_{0}(x)=x^{-1}+\beta_{1}/\beta_{0}\ln(\beta_{0}x)$, $\beta_{1}=(153-9n_{f})/24\pi^{2}$ is the $2$-loop $\beta$-function coefficient \cite{PDG-ChP-C40-100001-2016}. There are several estimation of $\mu$ based on $Y_{h}^{\scriptsize{\mbox{exp}}}$, an experimentally measurable quantity. In hadronic collisions, for instance, $\mu=Y_{h}^{\scriptsize{\mbox{exp}}}$ at $Y_{h}^{\scriptsize{\mbox{exp}}} \equiv p_{T}^{\scriptsize{\mbox{max}}}$ \cite{PRD-86-014022-2012,khachatryan_eur_phys_j_c_75_288_2015} or $Y_{h}^{\scriptsize{\mbox{exp}}} \equiv m_{3}$ \cite{EPJC-75-186-2015}, where $p_{T}^{\scriptsize{\mbox{max}}}$ is the transverse momentum of the leading jet, and $m_{3}$ is the invariant mass of the three jets leading in $p_{T}$. Here, one uses $\mu=Q^2$, the transferred momentum in the gluon frame.

There is a sea of quarks and antiquarks inside the hadron emerging from the vacuum fluctuations. It is expected the annihilation of every such created pair, remaining only the valence quarks as those which gives to the hadron its physical features. Despite pairs annihilation process, the confinement potential due to every quark-antiquark pair inside the hadron should be taken into account to produce the total potential energy inside the hadron, in a given time interval $\Delta t$. It is natural to suppose that the effective number of pairs, set at distance $r$, as being an increasing function of $Q^2$ as well as implying the enhance of $V(r)$ as $Q^2$ grows. Of course, the distance $r$ varies from some minimum up to the maximum size allowed by the system, i.e. the hadron diameter. Moreover, note that phase transition from a confining to a non-confining regime occurs at $r_0$, the root of the damped potential which is dependent on the ratio of the running coupling to string tension given by
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:model_2.1}
r_0=2\sqrt{\frac{\alpha_s(Q^2)}{3\sigma}},
\end{eqnarray}

\noindent and, as expected, as $Q^2$ increases this root slowly narrows to zero, and its physical meaning is quite simple: it represents the point where both terms of Eq. (\ref{eq:model_2}) contribute to $V(r)$ equally. It also can be viewed as a topological transition point in the sense that for distances $r<r_0$, the $q\bar{q}$-pair are subject to a Coulomb-like potential, i.e. they tend to behave as a free (color) charged gas. Considering $r>r_0$, they behave as a color singlet. Therefore, there is a transition point from a non-charged ($r>r_0$) to a charged gas ($r<r_0$). Furthermore, as stated above, the maximum distance of a pair corresponds to the diameter of the hadron. Therefore, the pairs set at this distance, in fact, measures a) the maximum strength of the confinement interaction and b) the hadron effective size.

Suppose the quarks and gluons are surrounded by a sphere of radius $r$ with negative pressure above $r_0$ up to the edge of the hadron, as obtained in \cite{burkert_nature_vol_557_396_2018}. The finite size of the hadron ensures this region is bounded by a damping mechanism, acting on the confinement potential. Writing the damped confinement potential $V_{d}(r)$ as
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:model_1}
V_{d}(r)=nV(r)\exp(-kr).
\end{eqnarray}

\noindent where, for the sake of simplicity, one assumes $n$ as the finite number of effective pairs at distance $r$. The wavenumber $k=1/\lambda$ can be defined in terms of $\lambda$, the Debye length and, in general, this length is a function of temperature. The factor $k$ is used here to measure the physical effects of the damped confinement potential. Furthermore, $k$ can also be seen as the Debye screening mass, $m_D$. Usually, the Debye mass is supposed as being the same for both confining and non-confining phases of $V(r)$. However, the Debye mass can be separated into two contributions: one for the confining and another one for the non-confining phase. Considering the non-confining term of Eq. (\ref{eq:model_2}), the factor $m_D$ has a linear behavior, and for the confining mechanism, it is strongly suppressed. One adopts here, for the sake of simplicity, only one wavenumber as being able to damp the confinement potential.

In the so-called Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) the Debye length is about $0.15$ fm \cite{burnier_phys_rev_lett_114_082001_2015}. Here, one assumes that $\lambda>0.15$ fm, i.e. the constituents are not in the QGP regime. Accordingly, one consider here $0.2\lesssim \lambda \lesssim 0.5$ fm, obtaining $2\lesssim k\lesssim 5$ fm$^{-1}$, then, for the sake of simplicity, in all figures one adopts $k=3$ fm$^{-1}$. Moreover, one observed a weak dependence on the number of active flavors $n_f$ and, thus, in all figures $n_f=3$ is fixed.

Figure \ref{fig:conf_pot1} shows Eq. (\ref{eq:model_1}) for different $Q^2$, $k=3$ fm$^{-1}$ and $n_f=3$. The transferred momentum $Q^2$ grows as well as the maximum value of $V_{d}(r)$, and, on the other hand, the root given by Eq. (\ref{eq:model_2.1}) shrinks.

\begin{figure}
\centering{\includegraphics[scale=0.8]{fig_potential_1.pdf}
}
\caption{Damped confinement potential for $Q^2=10^2$ GeV$^2$ (solid), $Q^2=10^4$ GeV$^2$ (dotted), $Q=10^6$ GeV$^2$ (dot-dashed) and $Q=10^8$ GeV$^2$ (dashed). For each transferred momentum one uses $k=3$ fm$^{-1}$ and $n_f=3$.}
\label{fig:conf_pot1}
\end{figure}

\section{Internal Pressure}\label{sec:ip}

The pressure inside a proton can be defined in the same way the pressure inside a gas or liquid composed of molecules. However, the proton is composed of quarks and gluons interacting via the confinement potential. The first measurement of such mechanical property is due to Burkert, Elouadrhiri, and Girod (BEG) using Generalized Parton Distributions (GPD) instead of the Gravitational Form Factors (GFF) \cite{pagels_phys_rev_144_1250_1966}, which is, in fact, the correct way to measure the pressure if the graviton is known \cite{polyakov_phys_lett_b_555_57_2003}. However, the graviton-proton scattering cannot be performed yet, and the way used by BEG to access information about the pressure was using GPD with the help of the deeply virtual Compton scattering of electrons by a proton in liquid hydrogen. In this scheme, the quark structure is probed with high-energy virtual photons exchanged between the electron and the proton, and a real photon controls the transferred momentum $t$ to the proton. The GPD is connected to the Compton Form Factor from the deeply virtual Compton scattering data and, finally, sum rules relating Mellin moments of the GFF and GPD are used to obtain the form factor $d_1(t)$, which is responsible by the description of the force and pressure distribution inside the proton.

The pressure radial distribution, $p(r)$, inside the hadron depends on the temperature, chemical potential of quarks and gluons, for instance. One calculates here only the pressure as a result of the damped confinement potential shown by Eq. (\ref{eq:model_1}), neglecting possible contributions from kinematic terms. Of course, as the collision energy rise, the volume of the hadron also is expected to grow, achieving some effective size. The increasing energy and transferred momentum may also enhance the number of effective $q\bar{q}$-pairs. Therefore, the following constraint is stated: the ratio of the effective number of pairs created to the hadron volume is constant at every $\sqrt{s}$. Then, one considers a constant number density given by
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:ratio}
\frac{n}{volume~of~the~hadron}=\zeta~~(\mathrm{fm}^{-3}).
\end{eqnarray}

The total cross section of the $pp$ and $\bar{p}p$ elastic scattering shows a clear phase transition occurring at some squared energy $s_0$, where the total cross section achieves its minimum. This is a dynamical quantum phase transition since the system is in a non-equilibrium condition. Furthermore, this is a first order phase transition considering that one has a discontinuous change in the density, which is the inverse of the first derivative of the free energy with respect to pressure. When $s<s_0$, the total cross section decreases up to some minimum value at $s_0$. However, when $s>s_0$ the total cross section starts to rise as predicted by Cheng and Wu seminal papers \cite{cheng_phys_rev_lett_24_1456_1970,cheng_phys_rev_d1_1064_1970}. Moreover, as shown in Borcsik and Campos \cite{borcsik_mod_phys_lett_a31_1650066_2016}, the total cross section behavior can be explained by the use of the concept of fractal dimensions. When $s<s_0$, the fractal dimension of the total cross section is negative, measuring the emptiness of the hadron. Otherwise, if $s>s_0$ the fractal dimension is positive and the total cross section possess the usual physical interpretation. In addition, the Tsallis entropy approach in the impact parameter space \cite{campos_preparation_2018} also exhibits a peculiar behavior: if $s<s_0$, the entropy is negative implying in the hadron internal constituents self-organization. On the other hand, if $s>s_0$ the entropy is positive. Therefore, the phase transition occurring at $s_0$ should be taken into account in the calculation of any physical quantity of the elastic scattering.

Bear in mind this phase transition, one introduces in the pressure calculation inside the proton the transition factor written as
\begin{eqnarray}\label{tfactor}
g=\frac{1}{s/s_0-1},
\end{eqnarray}

\noindent where $s_0$ is the phase transition squared energy observed in the total cross section dataset. Hence, the resulting pressure of the damped confinement potential shown by Eq.(\ref{eq:model_1}) and for a fixed-$s$ and $Q^2$, is written as
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:model_5}
p(r)=g\zeta\left(-\frac{4}{3}\frac{\alpha_s(Q^2)}{r}+\sigma r\right)\exp(-kr).
\end{eqnarray}

This result has only one physical root also given by Eq. (\ref{eq:model_2.1}), and it separates the negative and positive pressure regions as shown below. The stability condition is written here as
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:stab}
\int_0^{\infty}r^2p(r)dr=0.
\end{eqnarray}

Figure \ref{fig:conf_pres_s<s_0} shows the behavior of $r^2p(r)$ {\it versus} $r$ considering $n_f=3$ and $k=3$ fm$^{-1}$. For \ref{fig:conf_pres_s<s_0}a one uses $\sqrt{s}=6$ GeV and for \ref{fig:conf_pres_s<s_0}b $\sqrt{s}=24$ GeV. In both cases, the negative pressure region is located at the periphery of the hadron shielding a core containing pairs subject to the Coulomb-like potential since the pairs are created in the region $r<r_0$. Moreover, the core narrows and its peak shrinks as $Q^2$ grows. On the other hand, as the energy increases the peaks of $|p(r)|$ also increases. It is interesting to compare this result with those recently obtained \cite{burkert_nature_vol_557_396_2018}. The negative pressure region settles down between 0.5 and 1.0 fm and does not depends on the energy of the collision but depends strongly on $Q^2$, since the root depends on $Q^2$. Moreover, the negative pressure region grows as the collision energy tends to $\sqrt{s_0}=25$ GeV. Therefore, one can predict here two main results for future experiments as carrying out by Burkert \textit{et al.} \cite{burkert_nature_vol_557_396_2018}. The first one is the growth of $|p(r)|$ in the negative region as the energy tends to $\sqrt{s}=25$ GeV. The second one is the shrinkage of the positive pressure region toward the center of the hadron as $Q^2$ grows.

\begin{figure}\centering{
\includegraphics[scale=0.55]{fig_presa.pdf}
\includegraphics[scale=0.55]{fig_presb.pdf}
}
\caption{Pressure distribution inside the hadron as a result from the quark interactions versus the radial distance $r$ from the center of the hadron. In all cases, $k=3$ fm$^{-1}$ and $n_f=3$. In (a) $\sqrt{s}=6$ GeV and (b) $\sqrt{s}=24$ GeV and for both cases $\sqrt{s_0}=25$ GeV and $Q^2=10^2$ GeV$^2$ (solid), $Q^2=10^4$ GeV$^2$ (dotted), $Q=10^6$ GeV$^2$ (dot-dashed) and $Q=10^8$ GeV$^2$ (dashed). The positive pressure region narrows as the $Q^2$ grows.}
\label{fig:conf_pres_s<s_0}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{fig:conf_pres_s>s_0} shows the result of Eq. (\ref{eq:model_5}) considering energies above $\sqrt{s_0}=25$ GeV. The negative and positive pressure inversion is due to the phase transition factor. In all cases, the negative pressure region settles down near the center of the hadron (between 0.5 and 1.0 fm), shrinking as $Q^2$ grows. The pairs are now created in the distant periphery ($r>r_0$) and they are not subject to a maximum distance for their creation ($r<r_0$) and, therefore, the confining term of the potential may act to maintain the proton stability.

\begin{figure}\centering{
\includegraphics[scale=0.55]{fig_presa_1.pdf}
\includegraphics[scale=0.55]{fig_presb_2.pdf}
\includegraphics[scale=0.55]{fig_presc_3.pdf}
\includegraphics[scale=0.55]{fig_presd_4.pdf}}
\caption{Pressure distribution inside the hadron as a result from the quark interactions versus the radial distance $r$ from the center of the hadron. In all cases, $k=3$ fm$^{-1}$ and $n_f=3$. In (a) $\sqrt{s}=52.8$ GeV, (b) $\sqrt{s}=1800$ GeV, (c) $\sqrt{s}=14000$ GeV, and (d) $\sqrt{s}=95000$ GeV  and for all cases $\sqrt{s_0}=25$ GeV and $Q^2=10^2$ GeV$^2$ (solid), $Q^2=10^4$ GeV$^2$ (dotted), $Q=10^6$ GeV$^2$ (dot-dashed) and $Q=10^8$ GeV$^2$ (dashed). The negative pressure region narrows as the $Q^2$ grows.}
\label{fig:conf_pres_s>s_0}
\end{figure}

The pressure behavior may be a crucial ingredient to understand the total cross section. The interplay between negative and positive pressure distribution inside the hadron allows the following assumption. Suppose that total cross section is the sum of two auxiliary cross sections, one given by the positive pressure ($\sigma_+(s)$) and another one by the negative pressure ($\sigma_-(s)$). Therefore,
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:exp1}
\frac{\sigma_-(s)}{\sigma_{tot}(s)}+\frac{\sigma_+(s)}{\sigma_{tot}(s)}=1.
\end{eqnarray}

The relation between these two auxiliary cross sections is responsible for the decreasing and increasing of the total cross section concerning $s_0$. Furthermore, the sum in Eq. (\ref{eq:exp1}) increases or decreases depending on the energy range considered, as can be seen in the total cross section experimental dataset.

In a geometric point of view, considering $s<s_0$, the dominant auxiliary total cross section is $\sigma_-(s)$ implying the total cross section measures the emptiness of the proton \cite{borcsik_mod_phys_lett_a31_1650066_2016}. The $q\bar{q}$-pairs in this energy regime are created near the center of the proton, being shielded by a negative pressure whose origin is the strong interaction (more precisely, the Coulomb-like term of the potential). On the other hand, when $s>s_0$, then $\sigma_+(s)$ is the dominant part and $\sigma_{tot}(s)$ measures the presence of a well defined structure (or less opaque) \cite{borcsik_mod_phys_lett_a31_1650066_2016}. The $q\bar{q}$-pairs are created now near the hadron periphery, and as the energy grows, the filling up mechanism occurs from the periphery towards the center. The negative pressure region is now at the hadron center.

\section{Hollowness Effect}\label{sec:hollowness}

The TOTEM \cite{totem_2013} and ATLAS \cite{atlas_2014} experimental results for the differential cross section for $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV \cite{aaboud_atlas_2016} and $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV \cite{alkin_phys_rev_d89_091501_2014} seems to indicate a saturation at $b\neq 0$ fm, contrary to the usual theoretical view where the saturation occurs at $b=0$ fm ($b$ is the impact parameter). The inelastic cross section obtained from these dataset, in the impact parameter representation, presents a very smooth hollow at $b=0$ fm.

There are several papers devoted to explain that unexpected feature \cite{alkin_phys_rev_d_89_091501_2014,dremin_1,dremin_2,anisovich_phys_rev_d_90_074005_2014,troshin_mod_phys_lett_a_31_1650079_2016, troshin_eur_phys_j_a_53_57_2017,broniowski_acta_phys_polon_b10_1203_2017,arriola_phys_rev_d95_074030_2017}.  In particular, one stress here the analysis carried out by Broniowski \textit{et al.} \cite{broniowski_acta_phys_polon_b10_1203_2017}. Based on the Barger-Phillips model \cite{phillips_phys_lett_b_46_412_1973}, the authors of Ref. \cite{broniowski_acta_phys_polon_b10_1203_2017}, assuming a transferred momentum independence on the $\rho$ parameter, introduces a prescription on the scattering amplitude. As a consequence, the hollowness effect emerges being addressed to a quantum origin. In particular, they had pointed out that the real part of the scattering amplitude is responsible for generating the hollowness effect when the real part of the eikonal phase becomes larger than $\pi/2$.

The theoretical approach presented here is able to furnish the pressure distribution inside the proton, revealing two main results. The first one is the agreement with the experimental result of Ref. \cite{burkert_nature_vol_557_396_2018}. The second one is the prediction of the inversion of negative and positive pressures regions due to the dynamical phase transition occurring in the total cross section at $s_0$. Then, the results possess origin in both the damped confinement potential and in the dynamical phase transition occurring in the total cross section. Therefore, the origin of the pressure distribution is due to the strong interaction acting on the constituents of the proton.

If the filling up mechanism occurs from the periphery towards the center of the proton for $s>s_0$, then it is plausible to suppose that the hollowness effect may be related with the negative pressure region located near the center of the hadron. As $Q^2$ increases, the negative pressure region shrinks (but seems not to vanish). A non-vanishing real part of the scattering amplitude for $s\rightarrow\infty$ may also be responsible for this result according to the model adopted in Ref. \cite{broniowski_acta_phys_polon_b10_1203_2017}. Of course, the hollowness effect possesses different origins comparing the present-result and those based on the coherence folding of inelasticities of collisions of partonic constituents \cite{broniowski_acta_phys_polon_b10_1203_2017}.

Of course, one cannot expect that pressure inside the proton, specifically the size of the negative pressure region, reflects itself in a hollow region with the same size in the impact parameter space (e.g, in the inelastic overlap function).

\section{Critical Remarks}\label{sec:critical

The phase transition occurring inside the hadron, shown by the increasing of the total cross section, $\sigma_{tot}(s)$, as the energy grows, was firstly predicted by Cheng and Wu based on massive electrodynamics \cite{cheng_phys_rev_lett_24_1456_1970,cheng_phys_rev_d1_1064_1970}. However, in that time, unfortunately, it was not claimed as a phase transition. Nonetheless, any treatment of the total cross section should take into account this phase transition \cite{borcsik_mod_phys_lett_a31_1650066_2016,campos_preparation_2018}.

In order to explain a recent experimental result, the model proposed here uses a naive approach: a damped confinement potential to mimic the hadron internal energy. Although naive, the approach used here takes into account a phase transition factor in the pressure calculation and, as the main result, the model is in accordance with the recent measurement of the proton internal pressure \cite{burkert_nature_vol_557_396_2018}. Furthermore, the model predicts the inversion of the pressure regimes for squared energies above $s_0$, where the total cross section achieves its minimum value.

The results are robust under a wide variety of the parameters values. However, there is a need for the correct experimental determination of some parameters ($k_D$, for instance). In spite of, it is correct to affirm that the negative pressure region is located above the physical root $ r_0 $, for $ s <s_0 $. The constituents near the center of the hadron, $ r <r_0 $, are subject to a Coulomb-like potential. From the experimental point of view, the total cross section decreases in this energy range. Hence, the sum $\sigma_-(s)+\sigma_+(s)$ decreases as $s$ grows, achieving its minimum at $s_0$. As the phase transition takes place, the negative pressure region changes its location towards the hadron center, shrinking as $Q^2$ grows. On the other hand, the constituents placed at some $r>r_0$ feels a positive pressure. In this situation, the sum $\sigma_-(s)+\sigma_+(s)$ increases as $s\rightarrow\infty$. The total cross section is now an increasing function of $s$.

Changes in the hadron pressure regime occur as a result of a phase transition taking place at $s_0$. There is also a phase transition in the confinement potential since it presents a natural decoupling phase in its formulation. However, only the introduction of the phase factor allows the correct pressure regimes inside the hadron.

Considering the hollowness effect, the model proposed suggests that the negative pressure region, emerging for $s>s_0$ near the center of the proton, may be related with the hollow near $b=0$ fm. Of course, the size of the negative pressure region is not the same of the hollow region, as pointed out in the TOTEM results. Possibly, an unknown physical mechanism acts to minimize the negative pressure region effects in this energy regime in the sense that, for small energies, the hollow region is not visible in the impact parameter space. For very high-energies, the hollowness region starts to appear. It is natural to suppose, as pointed out in Ref. \cite{broniowski_acta_phys_polon_b10_1203_2017} (and references therein), that the real part of the scattering amplitude is responsible by this effect.

In conclusion, the model presented here, although naive, is able to furnish an explanation for the recent experimental results. A more sophisticated model taking into account kinematic terms should be considered elsewhere.

\section*{Acknowledgments}

SDC thanks to UFSCar by the financial support.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Eleven teams, two days: There can be only one winner.
How can you get different blockchains to communicate with each other? It's complicated.
Dr Stanley Mpofu plans to turn Wits into a leading online campus.
Taxilator: Changing taxi rides for the better.


text:
Sydney Mary Thompson (also known as Madame Christen) (1847 – 16 July 1923) was an Irish geologist, botanist and artist.

Background and family life
Thompson was born in Whitehouse, County Antrim, the daughter of James Thompson, a Belfast linen merchant. Her uncle was the naturalist William Thompson. She described her childhood as "amphibious"; her family home was at Macedon Point and she frequently explored the coastline with her brother in a small boat. She spent three years in Dresden, Germany, then studied art at the Belfast Government School of Art, beginning in 1870, and later in London.

In 1900, she married Swiss artist Rodolphe Christen. The couple later moved to Scotland.

Geology
An active member of the Belfast Naturalists' Club, Thompson organised lectures and practicals, showing a particular interest in stratigraphy and petrography. Her original fieldwork mostly concerned sources of material in the glacial deposits of northern Ireland.

She was a friend and collaborator of northern Irish geologist Mary Andrews, and together they worked on glacial erratics, collecting samples, mapping and naming erratics with the aim of finding out the direction of ice flow in Ulster. As the secretary of the Belfast Field Club, her reports were published in the club's Proceedings.

In 1894, Thompson was elected to the Glacialists' Association.

Some time between 1907 and 1910, Thompson discovered a piece of Ailsa Craig microgranite at Moys, near Limavady, Co. Londonderry. The granite erratic showed the westernmost extent of the Irish Sea Glacier, as it had been carried south by the glacier from Scotland and its incorporation into glacial sediments allowed the route of the glacier to be mapped. Thompson's discovery placed the western limit of the glacier  further west than its previous designation.

Art
Thompson won many prizes for her art, and was a member of the Belfast Ramblers' Sketching Club and the Belfast Art Society, of which she became patron in 1921.

Death
Madame Christen passed of heart failure at Llandudno in July, 1923.

Bibliography
SM Thompson
"A Plea for Irish Glaciology", Irish Naturalist, vol. iii, 1894, p 30.
"The Belfast Field Club Donegal", Irish Naturalist, vol iii, 1894, p 226.
"Geology (of Co. Galway)", Irish Naturalist, vol iv, 1895, p 225.
"Glacial Geology of Kerry" (note on): Irish Naturalist, vol viii, 1899, p 61.
"The Supposed Occurrence of White Lias at Macedon Pt.", Irish Naturalist, vol ix, 1900, p 154.

Madame Christen
"Investigations into the Glacial Drifts of the Northeast of Ireland", Irish Naturalist, vol xi, 1902, p 275.
"A summary of the [BNF] Club's recent Glacial Work", Irish Naturalist, vol xv, 1906, p 80.

References

1847 births
1923 deaths
19th-century Irish painters
20th-century Irish painters
19th-century Irish botanists
Irish women geologists
Scientists from Belfast
20th-century Irish botanists

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Alone and Forgotten: Injured Yemeni Soldiers Persist in Egypt
*The past year has been agony for a group of war-wounded Yemeni soldiers. As part of national medical and financial assistance to wounded soldiers, many were flown out to Egypt to receive treatment. Most ended up stranded as financial assistance quickly dried up for the soldiers, including those interviewed, among others. Unable to leave due to the severity of their injuries and lack of funds, soldiers describe being forgotten by the government they fought for. Due to ongoing economic strains and instability in Yemen, wounded soldiers are not a priority for the current government as it is logistically and financially unable to meet its prior obligations to its soldiers.
Sami, 25, is one of a group of soldiers living in a shared apartment in Cairo. He came to Egypt several months ago after receiving initial medical care financed by the Yemeni government. In the shared apartment, he sits on a sofa, wearing dark sunglasses to cover his injuries. A bullet hit him across his eyes while fighting in Taiz, months ago. He lost both his eyes and the ability to taste and smell because he didn't receive sufficient urgent medical care. I was told Sami is an only child and his mother doesn't know the extent of his injuries.
Like many of the soldiers, once he finds out I am a journalist here to interview them all, he quickly stands up to leave and forces his friend to leave as well. He walks out of the room and says bitterly, "I don't want to be interviewed."
Sami—not his real name—like all the other injured Yemeni soldiers in that apartment were part of armed forces in the national army under the authority of exiled President Abdrabbo Mansour Hadi. Soldiers are promised medical care at the expense of the national army from on duty injuries. Health facilities in Yemen are collapsing, and soldiers are flown overseas to be treated.
Taiz has been the site of bloody fighting since 2015 between national army forces under the control of the government of President Hadi and national resistance group forces affiliated with the Yemeni government; and the Houthis. There is no comprehensive data of military casualties or injured Yemeni soldiers, however, Doctors Without Borders or Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) reports that since March 2015, "MSF has treated more than 72,000 patients wounded by violence in our medical facilities and MSF-supported clinics."
There are currently about thirty injured soldiers in Cairo from the national army forces with serious wounds; some with decapitated legs or arms. Few receive limited financial support from the national army and some do not receive anything at all.
The soldiers say they have been forgotten, despite promises from the Yemeni government to provide them with ongoing medical and financial assistance. "My wounds are rotting while Yemeni officials refuse to answer my calls," says Khatab Al-Ruaiani, 28, a soldier wounded twice at the battlefield in Taiz, in his back and his thigh. "I joined the army because I wanted to serve my country and I never imagined that my country would forget me like this."
Interrupting Al-Ruaiani, the 25-years-old Emad Al-Fagieh explains, "we are slowly dying from the pain of our injuries without any relief (medical or financial)." Al-Fagieh suffers from serious injuries in his face and the loss of both his arms and his left eye due to a mine explosion while fighting. "There are urgent medical operations that we need to have, not only to survive, but also to go back to how we were before."
Under the Yemeni government, soldiers with war injuries are classified into three categories: 1) Sahel soldiers that fight on the coastal line from al-Khawkhah to Aden, 2) Marib province soldiers and 3) Taiz city soldiers. The Sahel soldiers are usually medically treated in the UAE and the latter two groups in India or Egypt. Most wounded soldiers are left untreated. These soldiers managed to receive medical care from individual donations through social media posts by relatives or friends on their behalf.
If it wasn't for an anonymous female philanthropist and her donation, Mohammed Dabwan, 22, wouldn't be able to come to Egypt. Dabwan suffers from an injury in his back and belly that caused him bladder and bowel dysfunction. "I am registered in the armed forces' list of whom they promised to cover medical expenses for while in Egypt, and yet it was the individual donor who covered my flight to Egypt," explains Dabwan, while showing me in his mobile his name in the armed forces' list. Dabwan believes he sacrificed a lot for Taiz and was not taken care of by the government in return. He has no other skillset except in fighting and sees no other future for himself except to go back to Taiz and fight.
Last year, the Yemeni embassy in Cairo hosted a music concert for two Yemeni singers, Ahmed Fathi and his daughter, Balqees Fathi, raising funds for cholera victims in Yemen—some wounded soldiers tried to use the event to cast a spotlight on the neglect they are facing. "We tried to protest at the concert, but we were forced by security to leave," recalls Al-Ruaiani.
"Our message is not for the embassy, it is rather to President Hadi himself to intervene and end this slow death we are going through," says Hamdi Najib, 27, with severe arm and thigh injures. Najib has been in Egypt for a year and a half undergoing several surgeries totaling $5,000, "I'm indebted and penniless; and I still need more surgeries—our government has to be held accountable."
The Yemeni embassy established a medical committee assigned to handle soldiers' medical issues—its head, Khaled Al-Sama'ai explains on a phone interview that Yemeni state workers have not received their salaries for about two years and that has negatively impacted financial support for wounded soldiers. "Presidential authorizations to transfer funds to the wounded soldiers often takes some time, but we are doing our best to address the soldiers' cases," says Al-Sama'ai. When asked why soldiers from Taiz believe they are more neglected than soldiers from other areas, Al-Sama'ai refused to give a clear answer except that, "it might be politically motivated—I can't reveal much."
Despite the poor medical care and financial assistance from the Yemeni government in Egypt, all of the soldiers interviewed prefer to stay. The poor quality and basic medical facilities in Yemen are ill-equipped to deal with their injuries long term and to return would mean being cut off from charitable donors and organizations sustaining them in Egypt. They have a long and slow journey to heal as they gather what medical and financial assistance they can while they question the government they fought for, but with little choice except to continue to fighting for them once they recover.
*Photography (C): Afrah Nasser
*This article was orginally published in the Atlantic Council website, July 30, 2018.


text:
Mandelson offers a lifeline to Post Offices
By Nicholas Cecil
Lord Mandelson today threw a potential lifeline to thousands of post offices threatened with closure by arguing they could offer more services.
Reversal of fortunes: Peter Mandelson has a new vision for the Post Office
The Business Secretary made his intervention in a letter to Gordon Brown in which he suggested that the banking and wider economic crisis could strengthen the case for the future of the post office network.
'We should examine the prospects for POL (Post Office Ltd) becoming a much more significant player in financial services - offering a wider range of attractive products within easy reach of the whole population, available from an institution they can trust,' the letter states.
Lord Mandelson's views will delight campaigners battling to save their local post office. They are also likely to be surprised, as the Government was seen to be seeking to manage the shrinking of the network, which has been losing £4m a week.
In the letter, dated 30 October and leaked to The Guardian, the Business Secretary highlighted the 'reassuring' reputation of post offices, saying 'we will need to explore our options' over the funding of the remaining 11,500 branches after the current arrangements end after 2011.
'POL has two real strengths,' he added. 'The first is the trusted "post office" brand. The second is the fact that it offers direct physical contact across its widely accessible network with the 24m people who visit a post office each week.'
He said many savers had moved their money into post office accounts as fears grew over the safety of funds in banks.
'Taken together I think all of these developments offer POL, with our support, a genuine opportunity to rebuild itself into a widely accessible, trusted provider of a broader range of financial services,' he added.
His comments will raise hopes among sub-postmasters and mistresses that they could retain the £1bn contract for the post office card account, rather than it going to private firm PayPoint.
Labour MP John McFall, chairman of the Treasury select committee, said: 'I'm glad to see that the Government is considering the Post Office playing a part in providing financial services which will eventually allow the Post Office to stand on its own two feet.'
More than 2,500 post offices face closure after the Government cut the network's subsidy from £150m to £110m last year.
The Post Office is in talks with several Whitehall departments about offering more services, including checking the identity of applicants for new passports and driving licences, rather than just accepting paperwork for this task.
Save our post offices
Financial Mail and This is Money have been fighting post office closures since 2002. See more here...
See the full campaign channel
Add your name to the petition
A journalist's blog on his battle to save post offices
See the post office closure map
Mandelson: Post offices have bigger role to play


text:
Patrick Caulfield (30 de enero de 1936 – 29 de septiembre de 2005) fue un pintor y grabador inglés conocido por sus lienzos pop art.

Vida y obra
Patrick Caulfield estudió en la Escuela de Arte de Chelsea a finales de los cincuenta, y en el Royal College of Art desde 1960 hasta 1963, donde entre sus compañeros estaban alumnos como David Hockney y R. B. Kitaj. Después de que lo abandonara, regresó a Chelsea como profesor.

En 1964 expuso en la muestra de la New Generation en la Galería Whitechapel de Londres, que dio como resultado el que se le relacionase con el pop art.

Desde alrededor de mediados de los setenta comenzó a incorporar elementos más detallados y realistas a su obra, After Lunch (1975) fue uno de los primeros ejemplos. Still-life: Autumn Fashion (1978) contiene una variedad de estilos diferentes -algunos objetos tienen intensos perfiles negros y color plano, pero un cuenco de ostras está representado más realísticamente, y otras zonas están ejecutadas con pinceladas más sueltas. Caulfield más tarde regresó a su estilo de pintura precedente, más desmontado.

Los cuadros de Caulfield son figurativos, retratando a menudo unos pocos objetos sencillos en un interior. Típicamente, usa áreas planas de color simple rodeadas de perfiles negros. Algunas de sus obras están dominadas por un solo tono.

En 1987 Caulfield fue nominado al Premio Turner; en 1995 ganó el Premio Jerwood y en 1996 fue nombrado CBE.

El 24 de mayo de 2004, un fuego en un almacén destruyó muchas obras de la colección Saatchi, incluyendo una o más de Caulfield.

Murió el 29 de septiembre de 2005, y está enterrado en el Cementerio de Highgate Cemetery. Entre los que han seguido su estilo se encuentran Michael Craig-Martin y últimamente Julian Opie.

Enlaces externos
 Caulfield en la Tate Gallery (incluye imágenes de muchas de sus obras)
 Caulfield en la Waddington Gallery
 Biografía de Caulfield
 Obituario en BBC News

Pintores de Inglaterra del siglo XX
Ilustradores del Reino Unido
Académicos de Reino Unido
Arte pop
Miembros de la Royal Academy
Pintores pop
Nacidos en Londres
Fallecidos en Londres
Sepultados en el cementerio de Highgate


text:
5 Alternatives to the Happy Birthday Song
ByMedha Chandorkar
Turns out the song you've sung at every single birthday party your entire life is actually copyrighted. Jennifer Nelson, president and owner of her own film production company, was making a documentary about the history of the "Happy Birthday" song when she learned that she couldn't use the actual song in her documentary without paying royalties (to the tune of $1,500) to Warner Music, who owns the copyright. Apparently we've all broken the law at some point, merely by singing along at one of the hundreds of birthday parties we've attended in our lives. Nelson is filing a class action lawsuit in hopes of "return[ing the song] to the public."
But honestly, nobody really likes that song all that much anyway. It's slow, there's no good beat, and it has that awkward high note that's always painful to hear. Instead, I vote that we all adopt a new birthday song instead. No, not the 2 Chainz one. Here are some ideas for an alternative to the birthday song:
1. In Da Club - 50 Cent
Let's be honest. Everyone sings this at birthdays anyway, usually right after the actual birthday song. Let's stop making it an afterthought and make it the real deal.
2. Happy Birthday - Stevie Wonder
This one was originally written for Martin Luther King Jr., so it has the added benefit of being historically significant.
3. Birthday - Destiny's Child
Only to be attempted by those who are really good at singing, this one would be great with some mood lighting.
4. Happy Birthday - The Click Five
For those that always seem to be forgetting people's birthdays. Instead of finding one of those embarrassing "belated" birthday cards, just sing this instead.
5. Birthday - The Beatles
Everyone loves the Beatles, so this is a no-brainer. Plus, one person would have to be the guitar in the background, and that's always fun.
This popular TikTok chef left his prosecutor job after old, racist tweets resurfaced
Paramore's Hayley Williams called out NOFX singer Fat Mike for being a total creep (allegedly)


It looks like the only way to ground high-flying Helsingborg is to field 11 goalkeepers. That's essentially what GAIS did May 3 as it held the Allsvenskan league leaders to a scoreless draw at Gamla Ullevi.
Wanderson Do Carmo, the budding supertalent of GAIS, was a non-factor as the Göteborg club packed the back line with players. Helsingborg was able to do little on a bumpy pitch that prevented the first-place side from playing its neat, ball-on-the-ground style of attack.
The two teams slogged their way across the wet, pitted field at Gamla Ullevi for 90 minutes with neither really gaining an advantage over the other. Do Carmo, the Brazilian striker at GAIS, didn't have a shot on goal while GAIS as a whole only managed to test HIF goalkeeper Pär Hansson once in 90 minutes.
The draw kept Helsingborg on top of the standings with 26 points. HIF has yet to lose this season and is 8-2-0 after 10 matches.
Second-place Malmö remained three points behind Helsingborg with a 2-0 win May 2 at the Swedbank Arena. Guillermo Molins had a goal and an assist for Malmö, which has 23 points.


text:
Double Image may refer to:

 Double Image (novel), 1998 a noir thriller by David Morrell set in modern-day Los Angeles
 Double Image (album), a 1987 album by Frank Morgan and George Cables
 A result of photographic double exposure
 In photography, a result of moving the camera during the exposure
 A stereographic image pair

See also
Double vision (disambiguation)


When re thinking the meaning of this retrograde period for you it is wise to heed ideas or intuitions which although perhaps unexpected or unanticipated- symbolize a similar trajectory – a build up of tension, then release followed by clarity and a sense of relief.
Amelia Shea specializes in issues of family, relationship and transition as well as life path and career.She can be reached at 603 654 1043, amelia.shea@comcast.net Her readings start at $30 and can be done by phone, email and in person. Chuang-Tsu quote from Divine Sparks by Karen Speerstra, Sabian symbols quotes from Lynda Hill's 360 Degrees of Wisdom.


So I ordered some polymer clay on Amazon. Tons of colors to play with! I put together a few color combinations that I thought would work well - White was definitely my base in all of the designs.
Once you roll out the clay, just mold it on top of an oven safe bowl and bake according to the instructions on the box. I baked each bowl for about 15 minutes and cooled for 10. They are relatively small, about a 6" diameter. They are great for storing rings and bracelets!


text:
Sean Hancock
"One Deep Breath"
Written and Performed by Sean Hancock
Sean Hancock's One Deep Breath opened at the Idaho Laugh Fest January 13, 2017 at The Egyptian Theater. Adapting his co-written, award-winning short film Make It Count, Hancock takes the audience on a whimsical, touching and hilarious adventure into the ups and downs of family frustrations, discovering lost dreams and overcoming fear. Filled with vibrant characters, motley voices and powerful scenes that strike a cord in the human soul, One Deep Breath is a show that leaves you inspired and moved.
What People Are Saying About It:
Sean Hancock is a guy dripping with talent. His one-man show is a tour de force of improv, acting, poetry, humor and heart."
- Drew Garcia, Award-Winning Filmmaker and Storyteller
Premiering One Deep Breath during Idaho Laugh Fest was one of the highlights of our 4th annual event. Sean delivers his message with sharp wit and thoughtful precision while brimming with charisma. The crowds roared with laughter in one moment, and were on the edge of their seats with wonder in the next. It's an adventure for the mind, and fuel for the soul."
- Megan Bryant, Creator of the Idaho Laugh Fest
A moving journey with powerful moments, and an array of characters brought to life by Sean's skill and range."
- Jen Adams, Comedian
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Inspired by Jhushan Township's natural resources and bamboo crafting industry, the main purpose of this event is to showcase Jhushan's distinct bamboo culture and its brilliant craftsmanship.
Nantuo County is abundant in bamboo resources and has long been home to Taiwan's notable bamboo industries. Massive coverage of bamboo forests dance screams unique industrial and cultural significance and has made Nantuo top spot for international tourism development.
Taichi International Camp is the precedent of international bamboo crafting promotional events in Taiwan. It not only refreshes our memory of bamboo crafting and its culture, but expands the horizon of local bamboo industries via exchanging ideas and sharing techniques with foreign bamboo craftsmen and artists. Featuring a fresh touch of innovation with mature techniques as solid foundation, the one-of-a-kind Taiwanese bamboo industry is ready to be known to the world.