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Q: pasar varible de un activity a un fragment Navigation Drawer Pido por favor si me pueden ayudar, hice una activity con Navigation Drawer Activity en Android Studio con Kotlin, ya he logrado pasar variable entre los fragment pero no he logrado entre el activity y el primer Fragment. como puedo realizar esta transacción teniendo en cuenta que es en kotlin.
Muchas gracias

A: cuando hago lo que me dices me genera un error, mira mi código
private lateinit var appBarConfiguration: AppBarConfiguration
    private val bundle = Bundle()

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_admin)
    val toolbar: Toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar)
    setSupportActionBar(toolbar)

    val intent = intent
    val iEmail = intent.getStringExtra("email")
    val iKey = intent.getStringExtra("key")

    bundle.putString("iKey",iKey)

    val fab: FloatingActionButton = findViewById(R.id.fab)
    fab.setOnClickListener { view ->
        Snackbar.make(view, "Replace with your own action", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG)
            .setAction("Action", null).show()
    }
    val drawerLayout: DrawerLayout = findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout)
    val navView: NavigationView = findViewById(R.id.nav_view)
    val navController = findNavController(R.id.nav_host_fragment).navigate(R.id.nav_home,bundle)

     // Passing each menu ID as a set of Ids because each
    // menu should be considered as top level destinations.
    appBarConfiguration = AppBarConfiguration(
        setOf(
            R.id.nav_home, R.id.nav_gallery, R.id.nav_slideshow
        ), drawerLayout
    )
    setupActionBarWithNavController(navController, this.appBarConfiguration)  // aquí me dice el error
    navView.setupWithNavController(navController) // aqui igual me marca error
}


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THE KEY WINS GRAND JURY PRIZE FOR BEST VIRTUALITY REALITY IMMERSIVE STORY AT 2019 TRIBECA FILM FESTI
Press Images HERE
Trailer HERE
Nicole kerr
THE KEY WINS GRAND JURY PRIZE FOR BEST VIRTUALITY REALITY IMMERSIVE STORY AT 2019 TRIBECA FILM FESTIVAL
The Lucid Dreams Productions experience was created by Celine Tricart in partnership withOculus VR for Good Creators Lab and Friends of Refugees and narrated by Alia Shawkat
Awarded $10K cash prize will be donated to Friends of Refugees for their continued efforts in the global refugee crisis
May 3, 2019 (New York, NY)—The Tribeca Film Festival, presented by AT&T, has announced Celine Tricart's interactive VR experience, THE KEY, as the recipient of the Immersive Storyscape's grand jury prize for Best Virtual Reality Immersive Story, the highest recognition for the category. THE KEY, which was produced by Gloria Bradbury and Celine Tricart and narrated by Alia Shawkat, is a metaphorical journey from danger to safety where the audience is faced with a series of difficult choices and loss...
"We are so thankful for this incredible award —and to the Tribeca Storyscapes team and jury, as well as the Oculus VR for Good Creators Lab program for providing our team with this amazing opportunity," said creator Celine Tricart.
A room-scale interactive experience where the viewer controls a series of high pressure, delicate twists and turns THE KEY holds a special message revealing at the end that they have just made their way as a refugee. Upon exiting the immersive experience, the non-profit Friends of Refugees was on site to answer audience questions and provide educational resources surrounding the global refugee crisis.
The $10,000 cash prize presented with the grand jury prize award, will be donated to Friends of Refugees to support their mission to empower refugees through opportunities that provide for their well-being, education and employment.
"This award will help us find venues to showcase The Key around the United States and abroad, delivering this important message to the public. This is a big win for our incredible team of talented people as well as our non-profit partner, Friends of the Refugees," said Tricart.
THE KEY is created and directed by Celine Tricart and produced by Gloria Bradbury and Lucid Dreams Productions, made in partnership with the Oculus VR for Good Creators Lab and Friends of Refugees. The experience made its world premiere at the 2019 Tribeca Film Festival in the Immersive Virtual Arcade.
The 2019 Tribeca Film Festival Virtual Arcade featured a lineup of 22 compelling VR, AR and MR experiences and exhibits, with 4 world premiere projects in the Immersive Storyscapes competition. The Immersive category had a total of 27 World Premieres including films in Cinema360. The Jury consisted of the Head of Emerging Media at Black Public Media Lisa Osborne, Executive Editor, Digital at Fast Company Paul Smalera and Technology Strategist and Maker Adaora Udoji.
For all images, interview and screener requests, please contact Nicole Kerr at Indirizzo e-mail protetto dal bots spam , deve abilitare Javascript per vederlo .
ABOUT LUCID DREAMS PRODUCTIONS
Lucid Dreams Productions is a production company specializing in new technologies and the future of storytelling. Celine Tricart co-directed and produced Maria Bello's "Sun Ladies" VR experience about the women Yazidi fighting ISIS in Iraq which world premiered at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival and screened at SXSW, HotDocs, Cannes NEXT, Beijing Film Festival and more. For the project, Tricart traveled through ISIS-held territory to meet the women soldiers at the border between Iraq and Syria and record their stories. "Sun Ladies" won Best VR Documentary at the World VR Forum and a Lumiere Award for Best 360 Film. In 2019, Tricart premieres "The Key", her first room-scale interactive VR experience as part of the Storyscapes competition at the Tribeca Film Festival.
ABOUT OCULUS CREATORS LAB
Creators Lab from Oculus pairs rising filmmakers with nonprofits to use the power of VR to tell stories and help people around the world better understand each other. Through VR, we aim to bring greater awareness to challenges people face around the globe. Now it its third year, Creators Lab projects have debuted around the world with premieres at festivals such as Tribeca Film Festival, SXSW Film Festival, Sheffield Doc Fest, and Venice International Film Festival. Creators Lab is part of Oculus VR for Good, a broader initiative dedicated to harnessing the power of VR to drive positive social change.
ABOUT FRIENDS OF REFUGEES
Friends of Refugees was founded in 1995 to serve the 40,000+ newcomers who have settled in the Clarkston, GA area since that time. We provide support in specific areas, including job placements, summer camp/after school programs, English-language classes, labor doula training, community gardens and new business startup assistance. Friends of Refugees can help people learn how to be a voice for refugees. In turn, viewers of The Key can collaborate with Friends of Refugees to advance its efforts through labor/expertise, monetary or in-kind donations. Visit http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=0017ffkNUs7toITog9V6Pgz7bkTFFBzdfzZv-jT5bK8Ms5PEwv_YFKBoRQRKa5Iugm7lTSz51E4oW9S6U3qr7AZHL0MzxPio8Fng6iUt6LU_8WZo2YF6FeEkzYuDI09h1zqdyAcil_kMmthdAD2tkTk0_sWUix3LyniWa1R12m9F8A=&c=VjVwOCmPPKzyjXo2EmngAAtMWgwrb_7KTPKCgWDFr8Eu18mrKEgwVQ==&ch=8OAqs6FTlwKRglnsaVaRd8dn5eEhFSo7lfd8jK9ggnnMkc9D1yAd9A== to learn more.
Jessie Cohen | 110 E. 9th St., ste. B445, Los Angeles, CA 90079

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Home Actress Pollyanna McIntosh
Arefin Emon
Pollyanna McIntosh (Actress), born on March 15, 1979 in Edinburgh, Scotland. Pollyanna McIntosh's age 39 years & Zodiac Sign Pisces, nationality British (by birth) & Race/Ethnicity is White. Let's check, How Tall is Pollyanna McIntosh?
Pollyanna McIntosh Bio
Birth Name:Pollyanna McIntosh
First Name: Pollyanna
Last Name: McIntosh
Birth Date: March 15, 1979
Birth Place: Edinburgh, Scotland
Birth/Zodiac Sign: Pisces
Feet/Shoe Size: N/A
Dress Size: N/A
Pollyanna McIntosh Height
5 ft 0 in (180 cm)
Height (in Feet-Inches) 5 ft 0 in
Height (in Centimeters) 180 cm
Weight (in Kilograms) 65 kg
Weight (in Pounds) 143 lbs
Pollyanna McIntosh Body Measurements
Pollyanna McIntosh's full body measurements are .
Pollyanna McIntosh is a Scottish actor, writer and director known for her roles in the films Exam, The Woman, Filth, Let Us Prey and the first season of Joe R. Lansdale's Hap and Leonard and a recurring and starring role in the seventh and eighth seasons of The Walking Dead, respectively . Pollyanna McIntosh debuted as an actor aged 16, appearing in London's independent film and theatre as both an actor and director. In 2004 she moved to Los Angeles and directed the stage production The Woolgatherer with Anne Dudek and Dyan David Fisher. In 2005, she received her first film role in Headspace. In 2009 she starred in Exam and was nominated for both Best Work of a Rookie at the BAFTA Awards and the Raindance Award at the British Independent Film Awards. In 2011, she was cast in the film The Woman which she was nominated for Best Actress at the Fangoria Chainsaw Awards. Recently she was cast as Angel in the SundanceTV series Hap and Leonard and as Jadis in a starring role on The Walking Dead .
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Home / General / Donald Trump: True Friend of American Workers
Donald Trump: True Friend of American Workers
By Erik Loomis
Donald Trump has definitely blown up the neoliberal order:
Despite assurances from Labor Secretary Alexander Acosta that he will boost the number of OSHA compliance officers this fiscal year, new data shows the number of inspectors has declined.
According to statistics that POLITICO obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, the number of compliance safety and health officers tasked with conducting workplace inspections at the agency had fallen in April to 870. That's down from the 875 safety inspectors that OSHA reported in January (in response to a FOIA request from the left-leaning National Employment Law Project).
In addition, data provided to POLITICO from OSHA reveals that since January the agency has lost two area directors responsible for training and supervising safety and health inspectors.
"These numbers are stunning," said Debbie Berkowitz, a former OSHA policy adviser now with NELP. "The agency now has the lowest number of inspectors in its entire history—it will now take over 160 years for the agency to inspect every workplace under its jurisdiction just once. This does not bode well for workers."
The number of OSHA inspectors fluctuated throughout the Obama administration, rising to 1,059 inspectors from 2009 to 2011, then declining to 943 from 2011 to 2015, then rising again in 2016 to 952 inspectors.
The only administration that has ever taken OSHA particularly seriously was that of Jimmy Carter. So Democrats don't have a stellar record on workplace safety either, but under Republicans, it's just open warfare on the American working class.
OSHA, workplace safety
Running from Cops
The Teach for America Scam


Choosing a fertility clinic can be quite a daunting task. There are so many questions to be asked, so many things to consider that it can be difficult to know where to start. Ultimately, your choice will be down to how you feel about a clinic when you visit for the first time. However, it's helpful to consider some of the information you will need before making a shortlist.
When you've shortlisted the clinics you want to visit, it's a good idea to prepare a more detailed set of questions. We offer open evenings and informal visits to help you get a feel for us, you can find more information here.
We are part of the UK's largest group of IVF and fertility clinics so it may be possible for you to have some of your appointments closer to home and then come to Nurture Fertility for key elements of your treatment programme. Talk to us if you are interested in this option.
If you are planning to undergo fertility treatment, you want to know that the clinic you have chosen has a good track record of success. You can compare success rates on each clinic's website or on the HFEA website. But a note of caution: clinics do not always apply the same criteria when measuring success rates. Some clinics accept only younger patients with a better chance of success, so it is important that you ask more about how they measure success. You should also ask specifically about success rates for the treatments you are considering.
Our success rates are broken down by treatment and age, and are updated regularly. You can compare them to national benchmarks here.
Naturally, it is important that your clinic has a sound track record and good reputation. In the absence of a personal recommendation for a clinic, ask to see testimonials from previous patients, or the results of patient surveys. Learn about our success rates, testimonials and survey results in the our success section.
This is an essential part of your treatment, and you must feel confident and comfortable with the level of support offered by the clinic. The HFEA requires that registered clinics provide counselling to patients, but fertility treatment is a team effort, and the whole team is here to be a part of your support network. For more information regarding counselling please click here.


If you love golf, you'll love living in Brunswick County. Located on the eastern seaboard, Brunswick County is home to many of best courses on the East Coast. Brunswick County's 30 championship courses have some of the most scenic views combing coastal waters, marshlands, and forests. Not only do these courses have great views; they have some of the best designs. Residents who call the area home can take pride in the fact that golf greats like Arnold Palmer, Willard Byrd, and Fred Couples designed many of the Brunswick County golf courses.
On the North Carolina coast, the weather is playable year-round thanks to the sub-tropical climate. With its great location in the southern most point of North Carolina, many resident golfers and tourists alike venture down to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina and the surrounding area known as the "Grand Strand." The Grand Strand coastal area of South Carolina is home to more than 100 golf courses and some amazing residential communities.
Brunswick County residents can tee off at one of the numerous area courses or venture down to one of the more than 100 Myrtle Beach golf courses.
Below is a listing of some Brunswick County golf courses.


AFTER last weekend's clash at Oldham Athletic was postponed, Town host Millwall on Saturday at SN1. Kick-off at the CG is at 3pm.
Having put pen to paper a new five-year deal as Head Coach, Luke Williams will be hoping that his side can extend their run of consecutive victories to five games and a first over the Lions since May 2008 when Town came from behind to win 2-1 thanks to goals from Simon Cox and Anthony McNamee.
The Londoners have enjoyed a good start to 2016, losing just twice in the league. They are unbeaten in their last four and were 3-0 winners over Blackpool at the Den last weekend.
Town's first visit to the Den in five years earlier this season ended in a 2-0 defeat. Click here to watch the highlights.
Saturday's match is a Grade A ticket match. Click here for prices.
PLEASE NOTE - The match is ALL-TICKET for away supporters. Click here for details.
ON THE PHONE – Call the STFC Store on 0871 876 1993 (There is a £2 charge per ticket booked).


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Find a DoctorAmgad Haleem MD,PhD
Amgad Haleem, MD,PhD Orthopedic Surgeon
OU Health Physicians — Orthopedic Surgery Clinic Adult Services
OU Health Physicians Fountain Lake — Multispecialty Clinic Adult Services
14101 N. Eastern Ave., Suite C
Amgad Haleem, MD,PhD
Position: Orthopedic Surgeon
Primary Specialty: Orthopedic Surgery
About Amgad Haleem
Amgad M. Haleem A. Amin, MD, PhD is a fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeon with OU Health Physicians, specializing in foot and ankle surgery. Dr. Haleem has particular clinical interests in complex lower extremity deformity correction, joint preservation and reconstruction.
Dr. Haleem earned his medical degree from Cairo University School of Medicine in Cairo, Egypt and completed his residency in orthopedic surgery from the same institution. After residency training, Dr. Haleem was awarded a grant for Excellence in Scientific Achievement, allowing him to complete his PhD in stem cell-based cartilage regeneration at the University of Pittsburgh, PA.
He completed a fellowship in foot and ankle surgery and a fellowship in lower limb complex reconstruction at the Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Medical College Cornell University in New York, NY. In addition, he completed a fellowship in orthopedic adult reconstructive surgery at Houston Methodist Hospital in Houston, TX and a fellowship in orthopedic sports medicine at the University of South Florida and Florida Orthopedic Institute in Tampa, FL.
Throughout his fellowship training, Dr. Haleem had the privilege of caring for foot/ankle and lower extremity sports injuries in elite professional dancers and athletes with his mentors. Notably, that list includes dancers of the New York City Ballet, NBA players of the New York Knicks and the Brooklyn Nets, NFL player of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and University of South Florida collegiate athletes.
His current research is focused on cartilage-preserving procedures of major weight-bearing joints of the lower extremities (ankles, knees, and hips), with particular emphasis on the use of biologics such as stem cells and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Dr. Haleem's research also involves 3D Printing and bioprinting for orthopedic applications with the OU Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group where he has multiple collaborations with biomedical engineers in OU and other regional and national medical centers.
In addition to his medical career, Dr. Haleem played professional basketball for the Gezira Sporting Club of Egypt. Upon his retirement as a player, Dr. Haleem served as Team Physician for the National (Al-Ahly) Club of Egypt, the country's biggest sports franchise and national champions.
While his days as a professional athlete have now given way to an invigorating career in Orthopedic Surgery, Dr. Haleem makes time to enjoy his favorite athletic pursuits and pastimes, including, biking, swimming, and squash.
Affiliations OU Health Physicians – Orthopedic Surgery Clinic, OU Health Physicians Building - Oklahoma City, OU Health Physicians Fountain Lake, OU Health Physicians Fountain Lake – Multispecialty Clinic
Doctor of Medicine Cairo University School of Medicine
Orthopedic Surgery Cairo University School of Medicine
Foot and Ankle Surgery and Lower Limb Complex Reconstruction Hospital for Special Surgery
Orthopedic Adult Reconstructive Surgery Houston Methodist Hospital
Orthopedic Sports Medicine University of South Florida
Medical Interests Areas of Interest:
Adult foot and ankle deformity
Ankle replacements
Articular cartilage damage
Complex lower extremity deformity correction
Diabetic/charcot limb preservation
Joint preservation
Labral and meniscal repairs
Limb lengthening
Post-traumatic and congenitally deformed legs
Segmental bone loss
Cartilage-preserving procedures of weight-bearing joints of the lower extremities with particular emphasis on the use of biologics such as stem cells and platelet-rich plasma


Teach English on the Beautiful City of Ilsan, Korea!
The start date for this teaching position is May 1st, 2019.
Ilsan is located just northwest of Seoul and is connected by the Seoul Subway line. It takes about 40 minutes to get to the hottest spots in Seoul such as Shinchon, Hongdae, or to the Dongdaemun night market. Ilsan is known having a better quality of life as it has plenty of parks and clean streets. Ilsan is also famous for the Café Village and llsan Lake Park where festivals happen year-round.
The school is located in very nice residential area and has been successfully running since 2011. The director, Mr. Jin, is a very nice man who treats his teachers like family.


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Experts Offer ABCs of EIAs To NAIC
Retirement Planning > Retirement Investing > Annuity Investing
By Jim Connolly
March 08, 2006 at 08:40 AM Share & Print
Two equity indexed annuity experts walked a room packed with attendees of the spring meeting of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners through the intricacies of the products.
The session was sponsored by the Iowa and Minnesota insurance departments, which are home to carriers that offer the product.
Fixed index annuity sales have grown from around $1 billion in 1995 to $27.3 billion in 2005, according to data provided by Advantage Compendium. But, as Jack Marrion, president of Advantage Compendium, explained, the fixed index annuity is "still a mosquito bite on the elephant hide of the annuity world."
Marrion offered a picture of the market in which the top 5 carriers had two-thirds of sales and the top 10 carriers had over 80%. But it is not a consistent market, as evidenced by the fact that 36 carriers have moved in and out of the market, he added. Most left because they were not big enough or because they were involved in a merger or acquisition.
If the number of carriers fluctuates, the number of products do also, according to Marrion. He noted 19 new products entered the market in February for a total of 250 products.
Ninety percent of products were sold by independent insurance producers, 4% by captive producers, 4% by banks and the remainder by wirehouses, he said. The commission charges for these products are "distribution driven," since independent producers must shoulder their own operational costs, he added. But even so, reports of the 15% commission are greatly exaggerated, Marrion said. Only 3% of these products are double-digit, with the majority in the 6% to 9% range.
During a question-and-answer session, the panelists were asked what should be the maximum age for selling these products and the maximum percentage that should be put into an annuity vehicle for savings.
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A representative for the Wisconsin insurance department said it seems most problem sales seem to be in the 70 to 85 age range and in some cases, all the senior's money is being moved into these contracts.
Marrion added his research suggests the average age of those who buy these products is about 62.5. "I understand the concern, but I don't know how to address it," he added.
One possible explanation, according to Noel Abkemeier, a principal with Milliman Consultants and Actuaries, is that insurance departments are sometimes viewed as complaint departments. Regulators are, therefore, more likely to hear of a problem than of a customer's satisfaction, creating a "limited picture," he suggested.
While surrender charges for certain products can be high, investing in an index annuity should be viewed as a long-term investment, he said. The product offers a death benefit without a surrender charge, so that is not an issue, he added. So, selling at an advanced age is not inherently bad, according to Abkemeier.
Brian Atchinson, executive director of the Insurance Marketplace Standards Association, Washington, asked the panelists about bonuses in the products with strings attached. Marrion responded 62 of 250 products have some type of condition associated with the bonus.
When Atchinson pressed the panel about training for suitability and needs-based selling, Marrion noted some carriers do a wonderful job training their producers.


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Let my love be: Why I'm wary of 'Welcome to Marwen'
Universal Pictures/Courtesy
By Charlie Kruse | Staff
Last Updated August 5, 2018
All that glitters: Remembering Jonathan Gold
ScarJo's done it again — what she and Hollywood can learn from the current casting controversy
From fashion diplomacy to fashion distraction
I'm not usually one to criticize right off the bat. I'd prefer to let a piece of media speak for itself and then compare opinions with others after I consume it. But watching the trailer for "Welcome to Marwen" filled me with deep distrust and apprehension, something a movie trailer hadn't made me feel in a long time.
"Welcome to Marwen," a new film directed by Robert Zemeckis set to be released in December, aims to tell the story of Mark Hogancamp. The film takes inspiration from the award-winning and highly acclaimed 2010 documentary "Marwencol," which first told the story of Hogancamp's life. Based on the trailer, "Welcome to Marwen" seems to remove so much of what made the documentary compelling, glossing over the complexities of a real man's life.
In 2000, five men beat Hogancamp nearly to death, causing severe brain damage that erased the memories of his adult life. Unable to draw or work, and cut off from licensed physical therapy because of lack of funds, Hogancamp began to create a miniaturized fantasy town set in Belgium during World War II, using action figures to act out scenes in the town of Marwencol.
This therapy through craft allowed Hogancamp to achieve some control over his life and to make sense of the violent attack that irrevocably changed him. The characters in his town are fictionalized versions of members of his real community. They're neighbors and co-workers who are transformed from waitresses and friends to resistance fighters and cyborg witches. The documentary culminates in an art show of Hogancamp's photography of his fictional town, and it leaves open questions of his future as he becomes more well-known, his fragile therapeutic town opened up to the criticism of the world that hurt him in the first place.
"Marwencol," the documentary that inspired the new film, changed my life. In fact, a review I wrote of it was part of the application that I sent to become a writer for The Daily Californian's arts & entertainment department. It presents a beautiful and complicated story, one filled with twists and melancholic meditations on what it takes to heal, to depend on others and to exist at all. Every glance it provides into Hogancamp's mind is part biography, part slice of life and part psychological drama. His growth is met with new insights about himself, and the stakes continue to mount as his interior world and his exterior life grow and gain attention.
Seeing Hogancamp and hearing the story from his own point of view gives form and color to the film. The beauty and power of the documentary are in its constant oscillation between what is camp and what is sincere, what is performed and what is essential, what is loving another and what is loving oneself.
That's why watching the trailer for "Welcome to Marwen" confounded me, as it did others. The trailer takes an incredibly complicated and intensely personal story and turns it into a star vehicle with a quirky cartoon twist. Zemeckis, the director of popular films such as "The Polar Express," "Back to the Future" and "Forrest Gump," will utilize heavy visual effects, with the action figures coming to life and fighting alongside Mark in his legal battle against the fascists who beat him. It's an all-star cast, with Janelle Monáe as Hogancamp's physical therapist, Leslie Mann as a comforting neighbor and Steve Carell as Hogancamp himself, wearing Hogancamp's shell necklaces and all.
But everything appears too clean, too polished, too bright. Zemeckis' insistence on grandiose special effects blends the town of Marwencol and the real world too seamlessly. Jeff Malmberg, the director of "Marwencol," lets Hogancamp speak for himself. The documentary acknowledges that the camera can't glimpse into his mind, so we can only watch as Hogencamp tries and tries again to exist as himself and figure out what it means to exist again.
Yes, this is the just the trailer. Maybe the film will be better. It already looks like women will have a more prominent role in this movie, and the idea of Monáe and Diane Kruger beating up a bunch of Nazis fills my heart with excitement. But "Welcome to Marwen" does not need to be made, and it doesn't add anything substantial to the telling of Hogancamp's story. At its best, it will be a heartfelt romp about the redemptive power of community and the ability to heal. But at its worst, it will use the story of one man's struggle to make a shoddy, overly playful, "Toy Story"-meets-Charlie Kaufman trash fire.
Hogancamp will never be the same again. He's not a man who dreams of becoming a war hero; he is a solitary, devastated person who tries to figure out who he is every single day. The unrelenting optimism, the bland naiveté "Welcome to Marwen" seems to present runs completely counter to what made "Marwencol" so good.
"Welcome to Marwen" can only succeed if it acknowledges the power of trauma, the impossibility of total understanding and the ever-present desire in every single person to be more than what they are. And if it fails to do this, as it likely will, then we should instead watch "Marwencol," which portrays all of this and then some.
Contact Charlie Kruse at [email protected]. Tweet him at @beepbeepbooks.
Back to the Future, Charlie Kaufman, Diane Kruger, Forrest Gump, janelle monae, Jeff Malmberg, Leslie Mann, Mark Hogancamp, Marwencol, nazis, Robert Zemeckis, Steve Carell, The Polar Express, toy story, Welcome to Marwen
Whether it's new music release announcements, previews of art events or musings on the latest entertainment news, Culture Shot is the spot to find out what's going on in the world of Arts & Entertainment, Bay Area and beyond.


Trying to get people to do what you want has never been easy. Trying to get them to pay attention to what you need when they are on the other side of the globe is even harder—after all, they don't have to look you in the eye when they want to weasel out of an assignment. So what's a manager to do? One thing that helps is to remember that it's not about you.
Seriously - influencing people and getting them onboard has very little to do with what you want and everything to do with them. If they don't see why they should cooperate, they won't. If they see why they should WANT to help you, you can hardly stop them. That's the premise of a new book called, It's Not About You- a Little Story About What Matters Most in Business.
One of the key tenets of the book is about striking human relationships and showing you care about the other person. How do you do that in a remote setting where frequent face to face interaction is rare?
While face-to-face is an excellent way to connect, it's not the only way to establish, cultivate and build a human relationship. "Know, like and trust" relationships can easily be take place via the telephone, email and social media.
It all comes down to adding value to another human being, part of that being effectively communicating that you care. And, far less important than the medium is your ability to communicate. You need to use the tools at your disposal effectively.
What are some of the common traps remote managers fall into that damage their working relationships?
The first that comes to mind is what I call "hiding behind the technology." In other words, if you don't want to confront someone with an actual conversation, send an email and try and handle it that way throughout. Yes, you'll avoid the direct confrontation, but this will often not result in a beneficial solution. Really, just the opposite happens and you'll spend more time and have more stress in the long run.
What are some tools and techniques you've used since your own company is largely virtual?
I'm a simple (i.e., non-techie) :-) guy so, as tools, I've kept it mainly telephone, email and Skype. Techniques? Just being myself and doing my best to try and understand the other person and support them as much as possible. Technology is the tool. Human relationships are the critical part. Think about what you're hoping to do and find the tool that helps you do it most effectively.
Follow Bob Burg on Twitter @BobBurg. You can hear the entire interview on "It's Not About You" on the 300th episode of the Cranky Middle Manager Show.


text:
Billy Jones, né le  à Shrewsbury, est un footballeur anglais qui évolue au poste de défenseur au Crewe Alexandra en prêt de Rotherham United.

Biographie

Le 20 juillet 2018, il rejoint Rotherham United.

Le , il est prêté à Crewe Alexandra.

Palmarès

En club
  Rotherham United
 vice-champion d'Angleterre de D3 en 2020.

Liens externes

Naissance à Shrewsbury
Naissance en mars 1987
Footballeur anglais
Joueur du Crewe Alexandra FC
Joueur du Preston North End FC
Joueur du West Bromwich Albion FC
Joueur du Sunderland AFC

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Jazz Sportsbook is trying to provide a balanced compendium of sports, but at a closer scrutiny it becomes obvious that soccer and American sports reign supreme. More than three quarters of the available markets revolve around these games, which is not exactly a surprise if we take a look at their demographics. Europeans bet mostly on football and that's why domestic championships from the old continent are generously covered, with some degree of attention being paid to lower divisions.
Champions League and international competitions are the crown jewel of their sports betting offer, at least when it comes to soccer. In addition to predicting the winner and the total number of goals scored, players can also bet on the number of yellow cards, corner kicks and indicate the name of the first and last goalscorer. These are just a few of the markets offered on games of extraordinary magnitude and they are available both prior to kickoff and after the games have begun.
This bookmaker offers live betting but doesn't have a live streaming service, so sometimes punters can feel like they are betting in the dark. To compensate this deficiency and make their gambling routine more agreeable and potentially more profitable, the bookmaker offers a stream of statistics. When betting live, the odds can be displayed in both fractional and American formats, although the default version has them listed up in decimal format.
American sports are covered in much more detail, with professional leagues representing just the tip of the iceberg. NFL, NBA, NHL and MLB games attract both US-based punters and fans of the sports located elsewhere, whereas college sports are preferred by Americans. The selection of markets is similar and the odds virtually identical and Jazz Sportsbook has all of them listed for live wagering.
When walking down the less traveled paths and trying to wager on sports, such as floor ball, cricket, golf, rugby, motor sports or horse racing, things take a turn for the worse. There are categories dedicated to each of these genres, but players who access the drop-down menus will notice that only a couple of events are listed. Virtually none of them are available for live betting, which makes it unlikely for those who routinely bet on such events to enjoy their time with Jazz Sportsbook.


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My most liked Instagram photos..
Today's post should be exciting! I remember when I started blogging; some of my readers and friends shared and liked my posts. It was great getting the positive feedback from people. I thought it would enough, I didn't realise how much social media presence I needed to create so I could get more readers. This isn't saying you have to be on any social media platform before your work is recognised out there. But we live in an era where the image is important and it's what attracts people to you. Before I became a blogger I had a personal Facebook account and eventually got snapchat which I rarely used. Personally, I love pictures, and even better when it's creative. Instagram is great for this, I'm like WOW! The only issue I have on Instagram and other social media platforms is the distraction it causes.
My editor advised me to go beyond a Facebook page for the blog and get an Instagram account. I was reluctant at first but the more I felt comfortable being a blogger. I realised how beneficial it would be to have an Instagram account. It's been a lot harder than I expected to choose the right picture for the look I want. I am still working on my image on Instagram but here are my top seven most liked pictures on Instagram. Let me know which is your favourite in the comment section.
Follow me on Instagram if you still aren't at Mouldedinsideout and stay tuned for a GIVEAWAY prize that I will be announcing soon on my Instagram page.
Here are a few of my favourite Instagram pages. These are not in any particular order at all cause everyone is different.
2- If you know me, you'd know I love Billy kiss.
Can you see why I find Instagram distracting?
Wow!! I am glad you could relate to this post. I love it when I get feedback from Males too, Thank you Tayem!!
Hey! – You can find out your most liked photo on Instagram or Facebook at http://www.myphotolikes.com.
With a few clicks you can see the winner among all your photos because the app ranks your photos based on the number of likes. – Go check it out!


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Le festival Faerieworlds est un festival musical et artistique annuel se déroulant dans l'Oregon. Le thème principal du festival est le « royaume des fées ». Le festival de 2017 se déroulera du 25 au 27 août à Horning's Hideout à Portland, en Oregon.

Évènements
Le festival reçoit des artistes et des écrivains de renommée mondiale, des musiciens récompensés aux Grammy Awards ainsi que des artisans, dont le travail est en rapport avec le folklore, en particulier le monde des fées. Faerieworlds fut créé par Emilio et Kelly Miller-Lopez du groupe de musique « Woodland », et par Robert Gould de la société Imaginosis. Le festival expose les travaux de Brian Froud et sa femme Wendy, dont les livres à succès sur les fées et les concepts artistiques créés avec Jim Henson ont une portée internationale.

Contrairement à d'autres festivals sur les fées et la renaissance, les concerts sur la scène principale de Faerieworlds se prolongent jusque dans la nuit, et comprennent des spectacles de son et lumière lié aux œuvres de Brian Froud. La clôture des festivals Faerieworlds est souvent l'occasion d'assister à des danses réalisées par des troupes du monde entier.

Lieux
Depuis leur création, les festivals de Faerieworlds se sont déroulés dans l'ouest des États-Unis, à Sedona, Prescott, Santa Fe, Los Angeles, puis dans l'Oregon, d'abord à North Plains, puis, de 2005 à 2008 à Veneta, et depuis 2009 à l'arboretum de Mount Pisgah, en raison du nombre croissant de visiteurs.

Artistes
Les scènes principales ont vu défiler des groupes comme Rasputina, John Renbourn ou Qntal, et des artistes ou auteurs parmi lesquels Brian Froud, Tony DiTerlizzi et Terri Windling. En plus de tous les autres artistes venus du monde entier, les festivals incluent un « village » où des artisans renommés vendent leurs créations.

Impact
Chaque année, le festival Faerieworlds est reconnue d'utilité publique, ce qui lui permet de récolter des dons. Parmi les bénéficiaires des années passées, figurent des organisations environnementales, des écoles Waldorf et des Charter Schools. Faerieworlds se distingue des autres festivals par sa nature écologique : utilisation de matériaux recyclés, compost, vendeurs de nourriture biologique et végétarienne.

FaerieCon
Les créateurs de Faerieworlds organisent depuis 2007 le festival « FaerieCon International », cette fois sur la côte atlantique : Philadelphie (au Pennsylvania Convention Center) les deux premières années, puis à Baltimore depuis 2009. Parmi les invités figurent Brian Froud, Kinuko Y. Craft, Charles Vess, Holly Black et Ellen Kushner.

Références

Liens externes
Site officiel du festival Faerieworld
Site officiel du festival FaerieCon

Festival aux États-Unis
Féerie
Association reconnue d'utilité publique


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Material: Pictorial cloth, computer-printed for realism. There's no pocket on its top.


In the UK the crown court is a criminal court. The security guards asked "are you coming in or not?" to explain my loitering "I'm a tourist, can I come in? I have a camera" they helpfully direct me to check my camera into their lockers. Without a camera I felt naked.
Wendy: can you recommend a court with an interesting case?
The bewigged and besuited ladies started discussing the merits of the various court rooms. I wandered off to court 1 to discover an appeal against the police-revocation of a gun licence. The appellant had originally declared his previous criminal conviction for car theft when applying for, and receiving, the original gun licence. The police admitted that they had not checked how the stolen car was subsequently used – in an armed robbery.
The police had new information that they believed made giving the appelant a gun licence a very risky proposition. The appellant's right to natural justice required that their appeal could address the information that the Pollice used to make the revocation decision. The police did not want the appellant to know the information they had used in this judgement. This case was unique and the lawyers introduced lots of similar, yet different cases as they discussed how to proceed.
The judge appeared genuinely concerned about the appellants ability to exterminate vermine being curtailed by having his gun licence revoked. The witnesses giggled.
In the courts people wore wigs, held bibles above their hearts and swore poetic oaths, bowed to the judge, debated points of law. All dressed 'well', even the juries. I was undoubtebly the scruffiest person in the building in my anachronistic mountain equipment jacket.
This scribble was published on Friday, November 23rd, 2007. You can follow any banter on this scribble with the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


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Barnes: Pat Summitt always had time to 'talk ball'
The relationship between Rick Barnes and Pat Summitt grew as they continued to attend clinics together.
Barnes: Pat Summitt always had time to 'talk ball' The relationship between Rick Barnes and Pat Summitt grew as they continued to attend clinics together. Check out this story on knoxnews.com: https://www.knoxnews.com/story/sports/college/university-of-tennessee/mens-basketball/2016/06/30/barnes-pat-summitt-always-had-time-to-talk-ball/91017770/
the Knoxville News Sentinel Published 6:48 p.m. ET June 30, 2016
Tennessee head coach Rick Barnes licks his lips on the sideline as Tennessee evens the score against LSU in the second half of an SEC tournament quarterfinal at Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tenn. on Friday, March 11, 2016. Tennessee lost 84-75. (ADAM LAU/NEWS SENTINEL)(Photo: Adam Lau)
Rick Barnes doesn't remember the year, but he remembers the scene.
He was poolside in Bermuda, enjoying a Converse coaches' clinic in the early 1990s. He was seated next to Pat Summitt, who was in the midst of building her Lady Vols basketball empire at Tennessee.
Tyler Summitt, a toddler at the time, was puttering around the pool deck while Barnes tried to find a break in the very much one-sided conversation, the first in-depth talk he had with Summitt.
'You had to ask her questions or she was going to control the whole conversation asking you questions,' Barnes told the News Sentinel by phone on Wednesday. 'She was never going to talk about herself and what she did unless you pulled it out of her.'
There was no angle behind the barrage of questions. Summitt wasn't trying to gain information just to avoid sharing her own shop secrets.
It was just her curious mind, which had the same intensity as her signature stare.
'She was willing to share,' Barnes said, 'and it's something I like to pride myself on: I know what I know, I want to know what you know. That's what I felt Pat Summitt was about.
'If you asked her, she was more than giving. It was, 'OK, here's what we do.' It wasn't like she was being secretive or she had some novel thing that she didn't want to share. She was always open.'
The relationship between Barnes and Summitt, who died Tuesday at age 64 after a five-year fight with early onset Alzheimer's, grew as they continued to attend clinics put on by Converse or Baden Sports.
The two always talked basketball — sometimes X's and O's but more often about relationships with assistant coaches and players — during lulls in clinic schedules.
Barnes, now entering his second season at Tennessee, learned his lesson about just how close their friendship was after he made a recruiting trip through Summitt's state. His mistake, one he wouldn't make again, was not calling and telling her he was coming through Tennessee.
Summitt found out about the trip and, as Barnes remembered, wasted no words in calling him out.
'If you ever come to Tennessee without calling me again,' Summitt told Barnes, 'I'll shoot you. If you get that close, we need to talk ball.'
Summitt proved to be all talk. Barnes has stories to prove it, just like so many that were shared Tuesday after Summitt's death.
'Here's what you know about clinics: Coaches do them and as you get older, you still enjoy talking about the game, but when they're over with, a lot of people get out,' Barnes said. 'Pat was always willing to stick around and answer questions for anybody and everybody that had one.
'Even if her time was up on the podium, if someone wanted to come up to her and talk, she was going to talk. She loved talking. She couldn't get enough of it.'
The platform wasn't always there, though. Barnes remembers the gender climate in the 1960s, when the state of North Carolina, including the Hickory school system he attended, did away with women's athletics altogether.
Advocates like Summitt and former Texas women's basketball coach Jody Conradt, Barnes said, are the architects of what women's athletics is today.
'Where it has come is because of what (Summitt) did along with Jody Conradt and those other people,' Barnes said. 'To build the program to where (others) want to get a piece of the pie.
'They started building.'
Proving his point, Barnes pointed to 700 Hall of Fame Drive in Knoxville.
'The fact that the (Women's Basketball) Hall of Fame is here, it tells you the impact that Pat Summitt has,' Barnes said, 'because she was able to get that done here when no one else really cared about it.'
Barnes only can imagine how much they would've talked had he been the men's coach at Tennessee while Summitt was still in charge of the Lady Vols.
'I guarantee you we would've spent a lot of time together talking,' Barnes said. 'We're both pretty inquisitive with how we think. I can just tell you from the clinics, I loved her intensity.
'It was her passion. She just had unbelievable passion.'
Vols iron offensive issues out to rout Vanderbilt
How much did Vols make from alcohol sales at football games?
Auburn announces signing of lineman UT recruits were trying to flip
Why was Tennessee still recruiting Jay Hardy?
Vols football commitment reopens recruitment
Vols' Pruitt doesn't dismiss possibility of Banks returning


Welcome and introduction. Develop leadership keywords.
Social gathering with the Pavlis Task Force (Douglas Houghton Hall - first floor west lounge).
Speaker presentation by Tom Wujec, 7:30 p.m. in the Rozsa Center . There will be a discussion backstage afterward until 10:00 p.m. Please arrive with your backstage pass, which you can pick up from Paige (in M & M 722) between 7:30 and 11:00 a.m. or between 12:00 and 5:00 p.m.
Post-presentation reflection. For next week, write a short reflection (1–2 typed pages) on "Why did I choose to become a participant in the Pavlis Institute?"
Speaker presentation by Terry Wychowski, 6–8 p.m. in the MUB Red Metal Room 105. A buffet dinner will be served. The speaker event with Terry Wychowski has been cancelled.
Optional presentations by Dr. Edward Gabriele: "The Spirit and Challenge of Research Ethics" (2:00 p.m., Wadsworth Annex) and "Trust and Truth—The Passion that is Research Integrity" (7:30 p.m., Fisher 129).
Introduction to communication and leadership. Short responses due.
Discussion of communication and leadership. Come prepared to thoughtfully answer the questions from last week.
Speaker presentation by Cindy May, 6–8 p.m. in the MUB Red Metal Room 105. A buffet dinner will be served.
Post-presentation reflection.World community grid presentation.
Optional presentation by by Annie B. Bond, hosted by Students for Environmental Sustainability. The title of her talk will be "Green Living Myths vs. Reality," and will followed by a hands-on workshop where participants can make their own green household cleaners. Forestry Building room G002, 6:00–7:00 p.m. Workshop to follow, from 7:00–8:30 p.m.
Optional presentation by Dr. Kevin Kruger, Associate Executive Director of the National Association of Student Personnel Administrators (NASPA): "Transformational Leadership for the 21st Century: Fostering Diversity and Leadership Development." MUB Ballroom, 12:00 noon–1:30 p.m.
Speaker presentation—Johnnie James Jones III from the Make A Difference Youth Foundation, 6–8 p.m. in the MUB Ballroom A. A buffet dinner will be served.
Post-presentation reflection. For class next Tuesday, please read Emily Thrush's "Multicultural Issues in Technical Communication" (PDF).
Lunch with Jim Graham. M & M Room 610. Lunch begins at 11:45 a.m., and his presentation begins at 12:20 p.m.
D80 Conference (be sure to register for the conference at the D80 website).
Leadership Symposium, 10:00 a.m., the MUB Ballroom. RSVP at activities@mtu.edu.
Discuss communication in a globalized world.
Movie presentation: The Yes Men.
Discuss The Yes Men and A View from the Roof. Go over the evaluation criteria for the final presentations and assign presentation days.
Final presentations, continued, and semester wrap-up.


Back in 2005, Microsoft conducted a trial via which it managed Windows PCs and servers for Energizer Holdings. The company quietly began selling this managed services offering to enterprises with more than 5,000 seats before ultimately turning the service into Office 365.
It looks like Redmond's about to try an updated variant of this strategy again.
As anyone who's been watching Windows 10 feature updates knows, many IT pros are unhappy about Microsoft's twice-yearly feature updates to the OS. They have seen updates break compatibility with things they didn't anticipate. They've seen Microsoft post and pull patches and updates to these releases, making deployment a nightmare. Windows as a service has been a rocky (or substitute your expletive of choice) road for many.
Microsoft looks to be counting on companies being ready for greater predictability — in terms of spending, updating and support — in exchange for letting someone else do the driving.
Microsoft already has a number of the pieces in place to make this happen. This past year, Microsoft has been broadening availability of its Windows Autopilot automatic device provisioning service. It's been honing its device financing skills with programs like Surface Plus and Surface Plus for Business, as well as its "Surface as a Service" leasing program. And it currently offers Windows 10, Office 365 and its Intune device-management and security products in the form of the Microsoft 365 subscription bundle.
Microsoft has a team working to put this all together into a new service. One of my contacts said that Bill Karagounis — former Director of the Windows Insider Program & OS Fundamentals team, who last year joined the Enterprise Mobility and Management part of Windows and Devices — is in charge of the coming Microsoft Managed Desktop.
What I don't know is how/whether Microsoft plans to allow partners to sell the Microsoft Managed Desktop platform and add value on top of it or if Microsoft intends to sell this directly to large enterprise customers itself (or both). A Microsoft spokesperson said the company had no comment on anything about Microsoft Managed Desktop.
Currently, some Microsoft partners are selling what sounds a lot like this Microsoft Managed Desktop service, but under the "Modern Workplace as a Service (MWaaS) banner. Microsoft has been using "Modern Workplace" to refer to its Microsoft 365 subscription bundle and related software/services.
CompNow, an Australian education, government and business services vendor, sells a Modern Workplace package that includes a Windows device of choice, Office 365, Windows 10, Enterprise Mobility + Security, managed IT services and helpdesk, a flexible warranty all for one monthly payment, according to the company's website.
Australian services provider CSA also offers a similar bundle of a device, applications and support for a single per user, monthly bill.


text:
HomeIn Anton Rubinstein's 'Demon,' A Moving Examination Of Exile
In Anton Rubinstein's 'Demon,' A Moving Examination Of Exile
Talya ZaxAugust 1, 2018Stephanie Berger
The title character of Anton Rubinstein's opera "Demon," appearing at Bard SummerScape through August 5, is an anomaly. He's not really interested in sowing evil. He doesn't yearn for heaven; he always found it boring. He's profoundly skeptical of the unquestioning worship of God. He doesn't care for the idea of divine love, convinced only human love can redeem him. He commits a grievous crime in pursuit of that love. But his punishment is not relegation to hell; it's simply to remain solitary on earth.
The opera, directed at Bard by Thaddeus Strassberger, conducted by Leon Botstein and based on a poem by Mikhail Lermontov, sees the Demon, who has been trapped on earth for centuries, fall in love with the soon-to-be married Princess Tamara. He arranges for the death of her intended, Prince Sinodal; Tamara, drawn to the Demon despite her better instincts and horrified by Sinodal's death, retreats to a convent. The Demon follows her there, elicits a declaration of love from her, and kisses her, prompting her death. An angel appears to guide Tamara's soul to heaven, offering her redemption. The Demon is forced to stay behind, once more alone.
For all that the Demon is menacing and ruthless, little about him recalls the figure of a demon as popularly portrayed. He's more desperate than malevolent; he doesn't appear to really be evil. Although Tamara's attachment to him proves her downfall, it seems genuine, and apparently unforced. In a program note for the Bard production, the scholar Emily Frey writes that the demon of Lermontov's poem was "a titanic figure" in the pattern of "Faust, Milton's Lucifer" and the devilish figures popular among the Romantics. By adopting the musical tradition of the romance, a genre of Russian folk song, Frey writes that Rubinstein's opera, with a libretto by Pavel Viskovatov, "humanizes its protagonist."
An additional interpretation is possible: Rubinstein crafted an opera in which the characteristics that made the Demon human closely resembled those that made Rubinstein Jewish.
Rubinstein was born into a Jewish family that converted to Russian Orthodoxy when he was a child, hoping that doing so would gain them entry to mainstream Russian society. Yet Rubinstein remained attached to Jewish identity throughout his career, writing operas about the Maccabees and Moses. Regardless of how well-acquainted Rubinstein was with Jewish ideas about the world's moral structure, from a Jewish perspective, the limbo Rubinstein's Demon occupies appears profoundly relatable. Searching for meaning and hopeless of finding it, he is in exile from a home he both misses and found intolerable.
Exile is a powerful theme in "Demon." The Demon is drawn to Tamara by a difference he perceives between her and her peers, a quality of passion the others lack. That difference is precisely what moves her to seek exile from her own home, sure the future that awaits her there contains nothing good. Sinodal, in the moments before his caravan is set upon by Tartars while delayed on the way to his wedding, muses hauntingly on his desire to span his distance from Tamara. His brief aria is one of the opera's most lovely moments, musically, possessed of a melancholy Sinodal himself surely does not fully understand. He, unlike Rubinstein, does not know what is about to befall him. He will die in exile from his love.
In a powerful rebuke to operas that exist in a more traditionally Christian moral universe, Sinodal and Tamara both die while seeking resolution, never having found it. Tamara's salvation is so abrupt as to feel nearly violent. In the closing moments of the Bard production, her spirit slowly heaps dirt onto her own grave, a gesture that evokes Jewish ritual. The orchestra sounds a final chord of grim triumph. You cannot help but feel that she would have preferred to live.
Rubinstein himself was an exile, a convert to Russian Orthodoxy whose peers never let him forget his Jewish origins. By orchestrating "Demon" with the music of Russian family life, he was doing his own kind of searching for a home, embracing the most intimate traditions of a society that often would have preferred for him, as a born Jew, to remain on the sidelines. His tragedy mimics those of the characters to whom he gave plaintive voice. Just like them, he could always see the idealized position in life that he yearned for. And just like them, he could never truly reach it.
Anton Rubinstein, Composer And Pianist, Wowed The World. How Did We Forget Him?
Talya ZaxJuly 27, 2018
How 'Oyfn Pripetshik' Traveled the World
Benjamin IvryJune 14, 2010
Talya Zax
Talya Zax is the Forward's deputy culture editor. Contact her at zax@forward.com or on Twitter, @TalyaZax.


Started this discussion. Last reply by David Witton Apr 15, 2016.
Started this discussion. Last reply by Mark Stuberr Jan 24, 2015.
2014 McKenzie River Festival in the news?
Started this discussion. Last reply by craig curtis May 2, 2014.
Started this discussion. Last reply by David Jensen Apr 28, 2014.
Its not that I don't like fishing, I'm just not in like with fishing.
Thanks Mark, I figured that had to be the way. Thanks for the response and all your great pictures.


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Die Viskosität bezeichnet die Zähflüssigkeit oder Zähigkeit von Flüssigkeiten und Gasen (Fluiden). Je höher die Viskosität ist, desto dickflüssiger (weniger fließfähig) ist das Fluid; je niedriger die Viskosität, desto dünnflüssiger (fließfähiger) ist es.

Ohne weitere Angaben ist der Widerstand des Fluids gegenüber Scherung gemeint. Sie wird daher als Scherviskosität bezeichnet, zur Abgrenzung gegenüber der Dehnviskosität bei Dehnung sowie der Volumenviskosität bei gleichmäßigem Druck. Des Weiteren wird zwischen der dynamischen Viskosität und der kinematischen Viskosität unterschieden. Die dynamische Viskosität ist das Verhältnis von Schubspannung und Geschwindigkeitsgradient. Der Kehrwert der dynamischen Viskosität ist die Fluidität. Die dynamische Viskosität  und die kinematische Viskosität  stehen über die Dichte  in direktem Zusammenhang,

.

Teilchen zäher Flüssigkeiten sind stärker aneinander gebunden und somit weniger beweglich; man spricht von der inneren Reibung. Sie resultiert nicht nur aus den Anziehungskräften zwischen den Teilchen des Fluids (Kohäsion). Bei dünnflüssigeren Fluiden resultiert die Viskosität aus einem Impulsfluss im Fluid. Die Viskosität von Feststoffen ist vergleichsweise hoch und damit schwer bestimmbar. Statt Viskosität werden Begriffe wie Verlustfaktor, Speicher- und Verlustmodul verwendet.

Das Wort Viskosität geht auf den typisch zähflüssigen Saft der Beeren in der Pflanzengattung Misteln (Viscum) zurück. Aus solchen Misteln wurde Vogelleim gewonnen. "Viskos" bedeutet "zäh wie Vogelleim".

Die Viskosität taucht in der Berechnung des viskosen Spannungstensors auf.

Definition

Man stelle sich zwei im Abstand  parallel angeordnete Platten der Fläche  vor. Zwischen diesen Platten befindet sich eine Flüssigkeit, die an beiden Platten haftet. In unserer Vorstellung soll der Raum mit der Flüssigkeit in Schichten unterteilt sein. Wird nun die obere Platte mit der Geschwindigkeit  bewegt, so bewegt sich die Schicht in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft auf Grund der Haftung ebenfalls mit der Geschwindigkeit . Da die untere Platte ruht, ruht auch ihre Nachbarschicht. Die innenliegenden Flüssigkeitsschichten gleiten mit unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten aneinander vorbei. Die Geschwindigkeit nimmt von der ruhenden Platte zur bewegten zu.

Von der obersten, an der Platte haftenden Schicht geht eine Tangentialkraft auf die darunterliegende Schicht aus. Diese bewegt sich folglich mit der Geschwindigkeit  Diese Schicht wirkt wiederum auf die darunterliegende Schicht und bewegt sie mit der Geschwindigkeit

Im Experiment lässt sich zeigen, dass im Idealfall die Kraft , die nötig ist, um die obere Platte zu bewegen, proportional zur Fläche , dem Geschwindigkeitsunterschied  und antiproportional zum Abstand der Platten  ist:

 und  und

Hieraus ergibt sich die Gleichung

Die Proportionalitätskonstante  ist die dynamische Viskosität. Die Änderung der Geschwindigkeit senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung, also der Geschwindigkeitsgradient

auch mit  oder  bezeichnet, wird Verformungsgeschwindigkeit, Schergeschwindigkeit oder Scherrate genannt. Mit der Schubspannung

ergibt sich der Zusammenhang

Einheiten
Im SI-Einheitensystem gilt: Ein Stoff, der sich zwischen zwei Platten befindet, hat die dynamische Viskosität 1 Ns/m², wenn bei einer Größe der Platten von 1 m² und einem Plattenabstand von 1 m eine Kraft von 1 N benötigt wird, um die Platten mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 1 m/s gegeneinander zu verschieben. Für die physikalische Einheit der dynamischen Viskosität gilt also:

Für die SI-Einheit der kinematischen Viskosität gilt:

In der Praxis wird für die dynamische Viskosität neben der Pa·s (Pascalsekunde) außerdem der tausendste Teil der SI-Einheit mPa·s (Millipascalsekunde) für Medien niedriger Viskosität verwendet.

Im CGS-System wird die dynamische Viskosität in Poise (P) gemessen, wobei  =  =  (Dezipascalsekunde), und die kinematische Viskosität in Stokes (St) mit  =  =

Das Engler-Grad ist eine veraltete Einheit für die Viskosität. Diese Einheit gibt die Viskosität im Vergleich zu Wasser an.

Viskosität von Flüssigkeiten

Den Effekt innerer Reibung kann man sich vereinfacht durch die Bewegung zweier übereinander liegender, verzahnter Molekülschichten vorstellen (siehe Abb. 2, Punkt 1). Beim Fließen gleiten die Moleküle aneinander vorbei, und um die Verzahnung zu überwinden, benötigt man eine gewisse Kraft. Den Zusammenhang zwischen dieser Kraft und den Eigenschaften des vorliegenden Fluids definiert die Viskosität. Erkennbar wird dieser Zusammenhang besonders gut an der homologen Reihe der Alkane (kettenförmige Kohlenwasserstoffe), hier steigt die Viskosität mit der Kettenlänge und damit den zunehmenden intermolekular wirkenden Van-der-Waals-Kräften kontinuierlich an. Bei den mittleren Alkanen (ab Nonan, neun C-Atome) hat sie bereits einen Wert ähnlich dem von Wasser.

Sehr gut veranschaulichen kann man sich die Viskosität auch an folgendem Beispiel: gleitet Wind über das Wasser eines Ozeans, erzeugt dies eine Bewegung der Wasserschicht an der Oberfläche. Je tiefer man nun taucht, desto ruhiger wird das Wasser, bis man einen Punkt erreicht, wo keine Strömung herrscht. Die einzelnen Flüssigkeitsschichten bewegen sich mit unterschiedlicher Geschwindigkeit , es entsteht ein Geschwindigkeitsgradient (siehe Abb. 2, Punkt 2).

Newtonsche Fluide
Handelt es sich um sehr dünne Fluidschichten, so ist der Geschwindigkeitsverlauf linear, wie in obiger Herleitung. Dieser Zusammenhang wurde bereits 1687 von Isaac Newton unterstellt:

Flüssigkeiten, die diesem linearen Zusammenhang folgen, werden deswegen als Newtonsche Fluide bezeichnet. Ist  von  abhängig, so bezeichnet man die Flüssigkeit als nicht-newtonsch oder nichtnewtonsch. Beim Newtonschen Viskositätsgesetz wird stets laminare Strömung sowie Temperatur- und Druckunabhängigkeit der Flüssigkeitseigenschaften angenommen. Für diese Stoffe stellt sich das im Schubspannungs-Schergeschwindigkeits-Diagramm gezeigte, lineare Geschwindigkeitsprofil ein (Abb. 3, Kurve 2: Newtonsches Fluid).

In den rheologischen Modellen wird das Newtonsche Verhalten durch das Newton-Element, einem Dämpfungszylinder ähnlich einem Stoßdämpfer, dargestellt.

Nicht-Newtonsche Fluide
Viele Substanzen folgen diesem Gesetz jedoch nicht, sondern zeigen ein zeit- oder schergeschwindigkeitsabhängiges Verhalten. Dabei unterscheidet man verschiedene Arten der Abweichung:

 Fließgrenze, es muss erst eine gewisse Mindestschubspannung vorhanden sein, um ein Fließen zu erreichen (plastisches Fließen). Diese Art Fluid wird auch als Bingham-Fluid bezeichnet
 Strukturviskosität / Dilatanz, dabei ist die Viskosität  keine Konstante, sondern ändert sich mit dem Schergefälle
 Thixotropie / Rheopexie, hierbei zeigen sich zeitabhängige Strukturveränderungen, so dass je nach Zeitdauer seit der letzten Fließbewegung andere Viskositätswerte zu finden sind.

Im allgemeinen Fall muss das Schergefälle  aus dem Scherwinkel in der Flüssigkeit berechnet werden und nicht über den Geschwindigkeitsgradienten. Das Verhältnis  wird in diesem Fall auch scheinbare Viskosität genannt.

Viskoelastische Materialien können mit der komplexen Viskosität, bei der von einer sinusförmigen Scherung ausgegangen wird, beschrieben werden.

Typische Nicht-Newtonsche Fluide sind zusammengesetzte Substanzen wie Blut und Ketchup. Da Blut sowohl aus den festen Substanzen des Hämatokrits als auch des Blutplasmas besteht, das Mischungsverhältnis jedoch stark variiert, verändert sich auch die Viskosität. Bei hohem Anteil der festen Substanzen ist z. B. die Leistungsfähigkeit in Ausdauer-Sportarten deutlich erhöht, bei zu hohen durch Doping kann dies zum Tod führen.

Temperaturabhängigkeit
Die dynamische Viskosität der meisten Flüssigkeiten nimmt mit steigender Temperatur ab und kann oft mit der Arrhenius-Andrade-Beziehung beschrieben werden:

mit
  eine Materialkonstante
  die Aktivierungsenergie (auch Platzwechselenergie)
  die allgemeine Gaskonstante
  die absolute Temperatur.
Bei Flüssigkeiten in der Nähe (d. h. bis ca. 100 K über) der Glasübergangstemperatur gilt meist die WLF-Beziehung. Hier dominiert nämlich das sehr geringe freie Volumen, das in der Nähe der Glasübergangstemperatur viel stärker von der Temperatur abhängt als die Kettenbeweglichkeit, die hinter der Arrhenius-Andrade-Beziehung steht.

Die Abhängigkeit der kinematischen Viskosität von der Temperatur wird bei Ölen durch den Viskositätsindex beschrieben.

Speziell für Wasser lässt sich die Viskosität im Temperaturbereich zwischen 0 °C und 100 °C mit nachfolgend angegebener Gebrauchsformel ermitteln. Dabei ist die Temperatur in der Einheit Kelvin einzusetzen. Der damit berechnete Wert entspricht der dynamischen Viskosität in der Einheit Pa·s.

Messung

Die Viskosität von Flüssigkeiten kann mit einem Viskosimeter z. B. gemäß EN ISO 3219 gemessen werden. Ein Rheometer ermöglicht es, darüber hinaus noch weitere rheologische Eigenschaften, auch von Festkörpern, zu bestimmen. Bei beiden Gerätetypen wird entsprechend der Viskositätsdefinition die zu messende Probe im Spalt zwischen zwei Körpern (z. B. zwei koaxialen Zylindern oder zwei parallelen Platten) eingebracht. Ein Teil der Anordnung rotiert oder oszilliert mit definierter Geschwindigkeit, während der andere ruht. Aus der Geometrie der Messanordnung und der Geschwindigkeit des bewegten Teiles ergibt sich die Schergeschwindigkeit. Das zur Aufrechterhaltung der Bewegung notwendige Drehmoment wird gemessen, woraus sich dann die Schubspannung und damit die Viskosität ermitteln lässt.

Eine schnelle und einfache, aber auch sehr ungenaue Methode der Viskositätsbestimmung ist der Auslaufbecher.

Typische Werte

 Farblegende

 Anmerkungen

Viskosität von Gasen
Bei Fluiden mit niedriger Viskosität entspricht das Bild der inneren Reibung "nicht den physikalisch korrekten Vorstellungen über molekülbedingte Transportvorgänge in Fluiden". Stattdessen resultiert hier die Viskosität im Fluid aus einem Impulsfluss, der mit dem folgenden Bild veranschaulicht werden kann: Die Stromfäden in der Strömung werden durch Züge versinnbildlicht, die mit unterschiedlicher Geschwindigkeit parallel nebeneinanderher fahren und mit Sandsäcken beladen sind. Die Sandsäcke entsprechen den Fluidelementen im Stromfaden. Personen auf den Zügen werfen die Sandsäcke auf den jeweils anderen Zug, was der zufälligen thermischen Bewegung der Fluidelemente zwischen den Stromfäden gleichkommt. Landet ein Sack des langsameren Zuges auf dem schnelleren, dann nimmt der Sandsack Impuls auf, den der schnellere Zug an ihn abgibt und so selbst langsamer wird. Wenn umgekehrt ein Sack des schnelleren Zuges auf dem langsameren landet, nimmt der Zug den Impuls des Sandsacks auf und wird so selbst schneller. Durch diesen Impulsaustausch wird der schnellere Zug abgebremst und der langsamere beschleunigt.

Viskosität stellt demnach einen Impulsfluss von einem schneller fließenden Stromfaden auf einen langsamer fließenden dar. In einer Kontinuumsströmung tauschen die Fluidelemente Impulse über die zwischen ihnen wirkenden Spannungen aus. Zwischen den unterschiedlich schnell nebeneinanderher fließenden Stromfäden kommt es zu Schubspannungen, die sich makroskopisch als Viskosität bemerkbar machen.

Abschätzung

Für Gase lässt sich die Viskosität anhand einer mikroskopischen Betrachtung des Impulsflusses abschätzen:

mit der freien Weglänge  für die Gasteilchen, der Masse der Gasteilchen , der mittleren Teilchengeschwindigkeit  und der Teilchenzahldichte .

Die Viskosität von Gasen ist bei niedrigen Drücken (≈ 0,1 bis 10 bar) unabhängig vom Druck. Dies gilt solange, wie die freie Weglänge klein gegenüber den Gefäßabmessungen und groß gegenüber den Molekülabmessungen ist. Mit anderen Worten: Für ein sehr dünnes oder ein sehr dichtes Gas wird die Viskosität doch wieder vom Druck beziehungsweise der Dichte des Gases abhängig.

Grundsätzlich abhängig ist die Viskosität aber von der Temperatur. Mit zunehmender Temperatur steigt die Viskosität, da die mittlere Teilchengeschwindigkeit  proportional zu  wächst (siehe unten). Dieses Verhalten ist bei den meisten Flüssigkeiten genau entgegengesetzt. Die folgende Tabelle listet zu einigen Gasen die Viskositäten und freien Weglängen auf.

Kinetische Gastheorie
Nach Hirschfelder kann die Viskosität reiner Gase mit Hilfe der kinetischen Gastheorie in einem großen Temperaturbereich (etwa von 200 bis 3000 Kelvin) berechnet werden.

Hierbei ist
 die Molekülmasse,
 die Boltzmann-Konstante,
 die Temperatur,
 der Lennard-Jones-Stoßdurchmesser und
 das reduzierte Stoßintegral, das
von der reduzierten Temperatur  abhängt.  ist die Energie des Lennard-Jones-Potentials. Werte für die Lennard-Jones-Parameter und das reduzierte Stoßintegral sind in Lienhards Lehrbuch zur Wärmeübertragung in Kapitel 11 aufgeführt. Das reduzierte Stoßintegral  ist so definiert, dass für ein ideales Gas, bei dem Teilchenwechselwirkungen wie Stöße harter Kugeln betrachtet werden,  gilt.

Physik des Reibungstensors
Die Viskosität begründet sich aus dem Experiment, nach dem zur Aufrechterhaltung einer Scherströmung eine Kraft erforderlich ist.
Diese Kraft bewirkt einen Impulsaustausch innerhalb der Strömung bzw. mit dem Rand, weshalb sie zur Kategorie der Oberflächenkräfte zählt. Kontinuumsströmungen tauschen Impuls über mechanische Spannungen aus, wobei ein Spannungsanstieg eine Beschleunigung bewirkt. Im Kontinuum lässt sich die beschleunigende Kraft in der allgemeinsten Form als Divergenz eines Tensors formulieren:

wobei  die Komponente des Spannungstensors auf Grund der Viskosität ist und zäher Spannungstensor oder Reibungstensor heißt. Der Nabla-Operator  bildet hier die Divergenz div des Reibungstensors.

Aus dem Experiment folgt unmittelbar, dass der Reibungstensor eine Funktion der räumlichen Änderung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit ist:

Der Operator grad bildet aus der Geschwindigkeit  den Geschwindigkeitsgradient. Da kein Impulsfluss bei homogener Strömung  oder  enthält der Reibungstensor keine Komponenten, die unabhängig vom Geschwindigkeitsgefälle sind. In Newtonschen Fluiden sind die Spannungen linear in den Geschwindigkeitsgradienten, eine Annahme, die gerechtfertigt ist, wenn der Geschwindigkeitsgradient im Sinne der Hydrodynamik klein ist.

Weiterhin tritt keine Viskosität auf, wenn sich die Strömung in starrer Rotation ( mit dem Abstandsvektor  von der Drehachse) befindet, wobei  die Winkelgeschwindigkeit ist, die aus dem schiefsymmetrischen Anteil des Geschwindigkeitsgradienten resultiert, siehe Kinematik in der Strömungsmechanik. Dieser schiefsymmetrische Anteil hat mithin keinen Einfluss auf die Spannungen, weswegen allein der symmetrische Anteil D des Geschwindigkeitsgradienten

Spannungen verursacht. Das hochgestellte T bildet die Transposition. Mit der weiteren Annahme einer isotropen Flüssigkeit werden die unmittelbaren Stoffeigenschaften durch skalare Größen beschrieben. Damit wird der Reibungstensor:

Darin ist  das Kronecker-Delta,  die Volumenviskosität,  die erste Lamé-Konstante,  der Spur-Operator und  ist der Einheitstensor. Der erste Term beschreibt die Viskosität durch volumentreue Deformation (der Tensor in den eckigen Klammern ist spurfrei oder deviatorisch). Der zweite Term stellt die Viskosität durch Volumenänderung dar. Dieser Term wird bei Inkompressibilität verschwinden, denn dann ist .

Literatur
 Joseph O. Hirschfelder, Charles F. Curtiss, Robert Byron Bird: Molecular Theory of Gases and Liquids. Wiley, 1964, ISBN 0-471-40065-3.
 John H. Lienhard IV und John H. Lienhard V: A Heat Transfer Textbook. 3. Auflage. Phlogiston, Cambridge 2005.
 Peter W. Atkins: Physikalische Chemie / A. Höpfner (Übers.). 3., korr. Auflage. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2002, ISBN 3-527-30236-0.
 J. M. Dealy: Structure and Rheology of Molten Polymers. Hanser Fachbuchverlag, München 2006.
 C. Gabriel: Einfluss der molekularen Struktur auf das viskoelastische Verhalten von Polyethylenschmelzen. Lehrstuhl für Polymerwerkstoffe, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 2001.
 C. Piel, F. J. Stadler, J. Kaschta, S. Rulhoff, H. Münstedt, W. Kaminsky: Structure-property relationships of linear and long-chain branched metallocene high-density polyethylenes and SEC-MALLS. In: Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. Band 207, Nr. 1, 2006, S. 26–38.
 Lothar Gehm: RHEOLOGIE – Praxisorientierte Grundlagen und Glossar. Vincentz, 1998, ISBN 3-87870-449-6.
 F. R. Schwarzl: Polymermechanik. Springer, Heidelberg/ Berlin/ New York 1993.

Weblinks

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Einzelnachweise

Physikalische Größenart
Rheologie
Stoffeigenschaft
Strömungsmechanik


The Torcher Parade is the largest student torch lit parade in Europe and is one of the oldest student events in Aberdeen. This year will be the 127th Parade, which brings together students from Robert Gordon University, University of Aberdeen and North East Scotland College for a major fundraising parade. The purpose of the event is to raise money for local charities through a unique, student-run parade!
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