text:
What is the best antivirus for Mac in 2020?
Does your Mac need an antivirus tool? The short answer is yes! If you're in the market for Mac antivirus apps (and you should be) there are a few major players with well-known names and great reputations offering quality apps for Mac users. Here's our top 7 picks for the best antivirus for Mac.
Sam CookData journalist and cord-cutting expert.
Perhaps the greatest lie told to any Mac user is this: "Macs don't get viruses." If you're landing on this page, you've either discovered, unfortunately, that Macs are indeed susceptible to viruses, or you were just a bit suspicious of the claim when you heard it. In fact, according to McAfee's 2018 Threat Report, the total number of macOS viruses detected in the wild more than doubled since 2016. Mac viruses may be less common than Windows viruses, but they're out there, and can still wreak havoc for Mac users.
To keep up with the growing demand for AV tools, a growing number of well-regarded AV software companies are now producing macOS versions of their tools.
We've lined up the details on each service below, but if you're looking for the short version, these are the best antivirus for Mac:
Intego Mac Internet Security X9: Our number one choice for Mac users. Intego only makes antivirus for Mac and it does it very well. Packed with great features and strong results from independent testing labs.
Kaspersky Internet Security for Mac: A solid option for for Mac users. Very low CPU usage, high scores from independent testing labs, and billing practices that you can trust.
Bitdefender Antivirus for Mac: Another good option for Mac users. Bitdefender combines good value with excellent scores from the big testing labs.
McAfee Antivirus: Produces a fully-featured Mac OS version, but mostly as a second-tier product to its Windows software.
Symantec Norton Security Standard: An option to consider, but only marginally covered by independent AV testing labs.
ESET Basic Cybersecurity for Mac: A strong performer that does try to push a few unnecessary add-ons at check out.
Trend Micro Antivirus for Mac: A good entry at a low cost, but with some user-unfriendly billing practices.
Although all antivirus software work similarly from a security standpoint, most programs have unique features or methods of execution. Indeed, some actually work better for Windows computers than they do for Macs, meaning you'll want a program that has a Mac version and that is well suited to the task of both cleaning up and protecting your Mac.
Additionally, one of the largest concerns for Mac users is CPU usage. A good Mac antivirus program should perform well with very little CPU usage and should not noticeably slow down your computer's processing power.
When looking for the best Mac antivirus software, we judged options using the following criteria:
A definitive Mac version of the software is easily available
High independent AV-Test detection scores
Excellent independent AV-Test performance rates (CPU usage)
High independent AV-Comparatives detection scores
Consumer-friendly billing practices
Many fake or shady antivirus programs exist on the market that are designed to grift computer users out of their money. Instead of legitimate software, they often provide faulty applications that act more like a virus than an actual antivirus program.
All of the Mac antivirus apps recommended below are not only legitimate programs from reputable software companies but are fully vetted across multiple independent antivirus test labs, independent users, and review sites.
Note that we specifically utilized AV-Test.com and AV-Comparatives.org scores as these two testing labs are independent. We investigated other respected independent testing labs (such as Dennis Labs and Virus Bulletin) but these either did not have tests for Mac antivirus apps or did not have recent tests as of 2017.
Best antivirus for Mac
Based on our research, these are the best antivirus tools for macOS computers.
1. Intego
Intego is the only provider on this list that specializes solely in Mac security. The result is a well-polished, effective and easy to use product.
In independent antivirus tests, Intego is among the top performers. Strong tests scores combined with an abundance of useful features put it at the top of our list.
Intego also passed our review for billing practices. The company avoids significant upselling at checkout and only includes minimal extra add-on services. For $39.99, Intego attempts to compete with the other top-performing services on price and represents good value for money.
Testing lab results for Intego are mixed, but that's actually a good thing. This company sells multiple versions of its antivirus software for Mac users, which is an unusual case since most companies only sell one version. It's most recently-reviewed software, VirusBarrier received high marks from AV-Test and AV-Comparatives for perfect malware detection. It received mixed reviews for performance but we are told a speed enhancement is in the works.
Key Intego features:
Intego offers up a full suite of options for Mac users. While including the now-standard malware screening tools one might expect, Intego also provides the following features:
Software built from the ground up with for Macs (not based on Windows architecture)
Location-based firewall
Anti-phishing
Those who may be interested in Intego will find the company's consumer-friendly billing and the software's features to be top-notch, despite the system performance drawbacks. Before you even click "buy," Intego's preset option pushes the lowest price point: 1 computer, 1 year. After clicking buy, Intego only tries to push two more one-time purchases: an Extended Download Service similar to Kaspersky's, and a backup DVD.
Perfect malware detection ratings
Excellent, consumer-friendly billing practices
No false positives in testing lab results
Some impacts on system performance and processing speeds
Best Antivirus for Mac:Intego X9 is our #1 choice for Mac users. An effective and easy to use product that comes with a 30-day money-back guarantee.
Intego X9 Coupon
Save 53% with this limited deal
Coupon applied automatically
2. Kaspersky Internet Security for Mac
Apps Available:
Kaspersky scored consistently well across different independent lab tests, making it a top option for us as well. However, we also took an eye to the price point and looked for consumer-friendly billing practices. We found Kaspersky's price and the billing practices to be quite good. Kaspersky offers its service for a relatively cheap $39.99 per year if you're purchasing the program for one computer.
Key Kaspersky Features:
Kaspersky Internet Security for Mac includes your standard malware detection and removal options, as well as some unique features, including:
Parental content filter
Protection against webcam spying
Scanning for secure websites
You'll likely find Kaspersky to be a fast, secure, fully-featured option for Mac computers. In detection tests, Kaspersky scored 100% for AV-Test and 100% for AV-Comparatives. This puts Kaspersky Internet Security for Mac at a perfect 100% detection rate between the two tests, as good as it gets for any antivirus program.
In the AV-Test performance analysis, Kaspersky performed extremely well. In AV-Test's file copying test (which looks at how running the antivirus program impacts file copying of large files), Kaspersky did not increase the amount of time required at all. In the downloading files test, running Kaspersky only netted a 1-second change, small enough to be considered inconsequential.
Kaspersky does not try to upsell you on checkout with services you don't really want or need. If you're trying to purchase the least expensive option, you're given a pop-up recommending that you upgrade, but this is easy to ignore. Beyond that, Kaspersky only includes one add-on at checkout, their Extended Download Service (EDS).
Top-level performance results
Consumer-friendly business practices
Fairly priced with good features
Priced higher than some competitors
Read our full review on Kaspersky Antivirus (for Windows).
Kaspersky Coupon
Save up to 60% on Anti-virus and security solutions
3. Bitdefender Antivirus for Mac
Romania-based Bitdefender is a growing name in the industry. Bitdefender and Kaspersky are effectively similar options for Mac users, even coming in at the same price of $39.99 per month for 1-year coverage of one computer.
Bitdefender scored equivalently to Kaspersky Internet Security for Mac in both the AV-Test and AV-Comparatives detection tests. With a perfect 100% from both labs, Bitdefender provides high-quality, reliable threat detection against both known and zero-day malware.
Key Bitdefender features:
Bitdefender comes fully loaded with expected and standard antivirus removal features but includes some unique options, such as:
Time Machine Protection that protects your data backups (a beneficial hedge against increasingly troublesome ransomware)
Autopilot feature which covers all aspects of your internet and security
Safe Files feature, which allows you to protect selected files against encrypting malware, such as ransomware
In previous tests, Bitdefender fell slightly behind Kaspersky in performance tests, but that's no longer true. Stats from both AV-Test and AV-Comparatives show this software to hit all the right marks for performance, usability, and importantly, threat detection. Bitdefender's tool identifies 100 percent of the Mac malware it comes across in the wild, including zero-day malware.
What worked against Bitdefender was the fact that the company attempts to sell users three additional add-on services at checkout, tries to get you to purchase a subscription for three computers at the outset, and does not allow you to de-select auto-renewal for your subscription until you've already clicked "buy". You'll need to click the somewhat less-than-conspicuous auto-renewal link under the product name and then click on "Disable auto renewal."
You can manage to easily purchase Bitdefender without adding onto the final price, you'll just need to be a bit more crafty about it than with Kaspersky.
Perfect testing lab results
Good consumer-friendly billing practices
Fairly priced compared to the competition with great features
Pushes some additional software at checkout
Read our full review of Bitdefender Antivirus (for Windows)
Bitdefender Total Security Coupon
Save $45 on the one year deal
4. McAfee Total Protection
McAfee doesn't end up high on our list, but this product does sell a Mac version for its Total Security software. It's lower on our list, however, because there are no current testing lab results for this software for 2018-2019. The most recent results, as of this time of writing, are from 2017.
What we do have to go off of, however, are the Windows test results. McAfee offers the same tool for Windows and Mac, but there may be differences in how it works with both operating systems. As for the Windows results, Total Security received 3 stars from AV-Comparatives (its highest score), while it got perfect scores from AV-Test as well. This means perfect scores for malware detection, no false positives in the tests, and very little system impact. It even has a "Top Product" stamp from AV-Test.
Key ESET features:
Total Security from McAfee offers the same features across both Windows and Mac versions, including:
File shredder
Mobile app for iOS
Standard anti-malware and antivirus tools
The biggest problem with McAfee is its pricing and its billing practices. McAfee almost always has "deals" posted on its site, so the price you pay upon renewal is going to be quite a bit higher than what you pay at checkout today. Additionally, Total Security's base price is high – $69.99 per year for 1 license, which is about twice the price of some competitors.
McAfee also pushes its highest-priced security package, at $109 per year, so you'll have to scroll around its product pages until you find the 1- or 5-device plans.
Furthermore, McAfee implements auto-renewal automatically. You can't turn it off at checkout, so if you don't want to auto-renew you'll need to remember to go into your account settings and turn it off after purchasing the product.
You'll find that McAfee Total Protection is a great option for those who want a more powerful tool for Mac OS with as many features as Windows users typically get to enjoy. However, you'll need to be wary of the billing practices.
A large number of features.
Designed well for MacOS.
Highly-rated by independent testing labs.
Higher price than competitors.
No option to turn off auto-renewal at checkout.
Read our full review of McAfee Antivirus (for Windows).
McAfee Total protection Coupon
$60 off the one year plan (1 to 5 devices)
5. Symantec Norton Security Standard
Norton's tool lands rather low on the list primarily because of the price. While it's well rated by AV-Test (offering perfect scores in malware protection, performance, and false positives), like McAfee Total Security, Norton Security Standard has an introductory price that's cheap but shoots up dramatically after the first year. You'll find yourself paying nearly $80 per year for just one device.
Key Norton features:
Norton Security Standard uses the same tool for Windows and Mac computers, meaning it doesn't have a pared-down version for Mac users. You'll find high-level anti-malware detection and removal, alongside a few other nice-to-have features, including:
Phishing protection
Free 24/7 customer support
If you opt for the Premium version, you'll also get cloud back-up, and multiple-device coverage (including mobile devices). Some of the higher-tier features don't work on Mac, however, including Norton Family, meaning you're probably best sticking with the Standard version.
Norton's billing practices also leave a lot to be desired. When you go to purchase the product, you get a pop-up window that tries to get you to buy additional software as a bundle. The only way to get past this screen and get to the regular checkout is to hit the "X" in the corner of the pop-up. If you click the regular links to proceed in the window, you'll be headed toward the checkout with the add-ons in your cart.
Finally, auto-renewal is not just forced, Norton does not provide any easily spotted information on its auto-renewal policies at checkout. This makes it far too easy to sign up without realizing you'll be getting not only an auto-renewed subscription but a far higher price once the auto-renewal hits in one year. If you do sign up for Norton Security Standard, be sure to turn off auto-renewal your account settings.
Well-known and respected brand
High level of anti-virus protection
High price compared to competitors
Forces auto-renewal
Read our full review of Norton Security (for Windows).
Norton Anti-virus Plus
Save over 55% on one year plans
6. ESET Cyber Security (Basic)
Slovakia-based ESET has several versions of its antivirus software for Mac users. The simplest, cheapest option, Basic Cybersecurity, is just that: basic. For $49.99 (the same price point as the other competitors on this list), ESET provides two key benefits: protection against malware, and (limited) protection against ransomware. ESET makes our list as it does offer sound protection, but it's far from the best, hence its lower position in the rankings.
ESET performed well in recent AV-Test detection results. The software detected 100% of the malware sent its way, while it had somewhat lower, but still good performance scores (system impact). AV-Comparatives did not test this option, so we put it lower on our list.
For Mac users, ESET's software has limited features, but does include:
Anti-ransomware protection
If you opt for the pro version, you'll also get firewall protection and parental monitoring tools to keep your kids safe online.
The ESET Mac antivirus software did not do as well as our two top choices but still had only a marginal system impact.
Where ESET performed the worst in our billing practices analysis The company does try to push more add-ons at checkout than the other options on the list. However, it also is upfront about the auto-renewal policy. You can select to auto-renew your subscription near the end of the checkout process.
It would certainly be preferable for ESET to inform users of the auto-renew earlier. Nevertheless, it's a positive aspect for the company that they do allow this to be turned on or off before you finalize payment.
Highly effective at identifying malware
Allows users to deselect auto-renewal at checkout
Pushes add-ons at checkout
7. Trend Micro Antivirus for Mac
With a perfect score from AV-Test and a near-perfect score from AV-Comparatives, Trend Micro Antivirus for Mac is a good potential option for Mac users.
AV-Test gave this option an 18/18, with perfect scores in the protection, performance, and usability (false positives) categories. In lab tests, it detected 100% of tested malware samples, had only a minimal amount of performance impact for system processing, and sent back no false positives.
The software performed less admirably in recent AV-Comparatives tests, as it shot back over 40 false positives in the lab tests. That said, AV-Comparatives gave Trend Micro 2 out of 3 stars, making it overall a suitable option to consider.
Key Trend Micro features:
Trend Micro Antivirus for Mac offers high-level antivirus protection, as well as other key features:
Safe browsing (block suspicious sites automatically)
Webcam safety feature to prevent unauthorized access to computer cameras
Trend Micro's Mac software is also priced equally to the top options, at $39.95 per month for 1-year protection on a single device. There are usually 1st-year deals as well.
Unfortunately, Trend Micro gets a big strike against it for its billing practices. You won't much information about auto-renewal when you go to purchase, and you have to go digging into the FAQ's to learn how to turn off auto-renewal. You can only turn off the automatic subscription renewal service after you've signed up by going into your user settings on Trend Micro website.
Well-rated and accurate virus removal
A notable number of false positives in some lab test results
Forces auto-renewal and makes it difficult to remove auto-renewal
Why you need antivirus for Mac OS computers
You certainly aren't the first to question the validity of the claim about Macs and viruses. "Can Macs Get Viruses and Malware?" asked DigitalTrends in a 2015 article. "The answer is definitely, yes," Bitdefender's Senior E-Threat Analyst, Bogdan Botezatu told the online magazine. "There have been incidents, and there will be more." Botezatu's statement may be a bit of an understatement.
In reality, Mac OSX is the 4th most vulnerable operating system, according to data from the CVE Vulnerabilities list. In truth, Mac OSX has more vulnerabilities than competing Windows operating systems, including older Windows versions such as Windows 7, 8, and even Windows Vista.
According to McAfee Labs, malware attacks on Macs rose a jaw-dropping 744 percent in 2016. Despite this increase coming primarily from bundled adware, the case against the mythological "virus-free" Mac grows stronger every day. Although it is true that, by percentage, Mac's make up a very small percentage of computers getting viruses, this has more to do with smaller market share than Macs simply having better security.
NetMarketShare states only 3.52 percent of all computers are running Mac OSX. There are currently more computers running the nearly 20-year-old Windows XP operating system.
Still, there is some truth to the claims. Mac OSX operating systems are sandboxed, meaning that it's harder for a virus to spread throughout your system if it does contract a computer virus or malware. Additionally, the tools necessary to create malware for Macs are not as readily available or as easy to create as they are for Windows machines, making them less vulnerable because virus developers need more time and motivation to craft the malware.
From a larger perspective, however, Mac's don't so much avoid getting viruses as they are less likely to be targeted by hackers due to the low chances of actually turning a profit. Microsoft notes that there are 400 million Windows 10 users, there are also 100 million Apple users. The chances of turning a profit for a hacker are far higher when targeting Windows machines. Nevertheless, with 100 million Mac users, the opportunity is still there, and virus developers are increasingly taking advantage of Mac user complacency, especially as Apple's devices grow more popular internationally.
Do you need antivirus protection for your Mac? The simple answer is yes. Every Mac user should have antivirus protection on their computer. The bigger question that comes to mind, then, is which is the best antivirus for Mac computers, and what should Mac users be looking for when shopping around for an antivirus program.
Our top Mac VPN recommendations
Apple's page on Mac security
Google reports on iPhone security issues
List of reported Mac OS X security vulnerabilities
Kaspersky reports nearly 6 million phishing attempts to Mac users in first half of 2019
1 Best antivirus for Mac
2 1. Intego
3 2. Kaspersky Internet Security for Mac
4 3. Bitdefender Antivirus for Mac
5 4. McAfee Total Protection
6 5. Symantec Norton Security Standard
7 6. ESET Cyber Security (Basic)
8 7. Trend Micro Antivirus for Mac
9 Why you need antivirus for Mac OS computers
AntivirusHow to prevent and remove ransomware
AntivirusComputer Virus Resources: A Big List of Tools and Guides
AntivirusDoes Linux need antivirus?
AntivirusWe tested 21 Android antivirus apps and found these serious vulnerabilities
Best Antivirus for Windows 10 in 2020gennaio 10, 2020 / by Sam CookMalware statistics and facts for 2019agosto 2, 2019 / by Sam CookWe tested 21 Android antivirus apps and found these serious vulnerabilitiesagosto 1, 2019 / by Aaron PhillipsEncyclopedia of common computer viruses and other malware, and how to remove themluglio 25, 2019 / by Aimee O'DriscollHow to Scan a Website for Malware and Fix Hacked Sitesmaggio 30, 2019 / by Sam Cook
DNA testing kits: What are the privacy risks?gennaio 17, 2020 / by Victoria McIntoshWindows 7 no longer runs security updates – here's how to stay securegennaio 13, 2020 / by Paul BischoffWhat is malvertising and how can you defend against it?gennaio 9, 2020 / by Josh Lake+ More blog posts on Information Security
Latests FAQ's from Antivirus
AntivirusWhat happens if my antivirus program finds a virus?
AntivirusWill antivirus software slow down your computer?
AntivirusHow much maintenance does antivirus software require?
More FAQ's from Antivirus
Latests reviews from Antivirus
AntivirusBitdefender BOX hands-on review, setup and troubleshooting guide
AntivirusBitdefender Total Security 2019 Antivirus Review
AntivirusIntego VirusBarrier X9 Review 2020
More reviews from Antivirus


There is no doubt that psychiatric drugs can be helpful in some situations. But the often-lifelong prescription of a substance chemically related to rocket fuel is something to be scrutinized. That antidepressants are commonly found in drinking water should also be reason to reconsider them. Medicine is a wealthy business, and treatments are prescribed by doctors who may be strongly influenced by the primacy of pharmaceuticals in the medical industry (including education); these factors are often lost on those who can barely gather the energy to leave their darkened rooms.
Behavior that is considered normal by civilization—predatory self-interest, say—is considered insane outside of the context of civilization. This behavior is created by the denial of basic human nature, such as a desire to feel a part of a mutual-interest culture. If we consider the idea that many symptoms of so-called mental disorders are natural responses of our minds and bodies to an unhealthy, isolating social system, we can then redefine healthy behavioroutside of civilization. We can start to make a conscious effort to reconstruct healthy behavior, remembering that the definitions of healthy, normal, and abnormal behavior have been made by those who have power over us. We can begin to work according to our interests and not theirs. We can reclaim control over our lives and restore confidence and trust in our human nature.
Blue Palo Verde tree in the Saguaro National Park.
Deep Green Resistance Sonoran is holding a meeting that is open to the public. This is a great way to connect and share ideas as we build a culture of resistance against empire. Discussion will be on diverse topics ranging from industrial civilization, patriarchy, capitalism, the state of the environmental movement, underground promotion, direct action, skill shares, local issues, and more! All are welcome to attend!
Resistance is fertile. Please join us!
To learn more about Deep Green Resistance, see our website: http://www.deepgreenresistance.org/who-we-are/about-dgr. You can also follow our local chapter webpage at http://deepgreenresistancesonoran.org/.
It's been known for well over a year now that a jaguar has been photographed in the Santa Rita Mountains, near the proposed Rosemont Mine site. But only a little more than a week ago, volunteers for the Tucson conservation group Sky Island Alliance found and photographed the first jaguar tracks to have been spotted in that mountain range in recent times. The tracks were seen on Jan. 4, by two volunteers.
The volunteers found these tracks along a trail where there were also mountain lion tracks, which allowed for a better comparison and more accurate identification, the alliance said. However, the alliance doesn't know if these tracks belong to the same jaguar that has been repeatedly photographed in the Santa Ritas.
Last week, the alliance showed photos of the tracks to Melanie Culver, a University of Arizona geneticist. Culver, who is part of the team of UA researchers working on a federally financed, remote camera study of jaguars, confirmed to the Star that these were jaguar tracks. Culver is the jaguar camera project's principal investigator and a geneticist for the U.S. Geological Survey and the UA's School of Natural Resources.
"Nobody on my team who looked at the tracks believed they are not of a jaguar," Culver said.
The tracks were found in a steep, rugged area, about three to four miles south of the proposed Rosemont Mine site — "a day hike for a jaguar, or a person," said Sergio Avila, a biologist who is the alliance's Northern Mexico conservation manager.
The track was found along a well traveled hiking trail that is part of the Arizona Trail. The area is steep with thick vegetation and with water and wildlife literally everywhere that day, the alliance said. The trail was muddy after the last rains and the tracks were naturally outlined and casted in the soil, the alliance said.
The tracks provide continued evidence that this area is still jaguar habitat, and that non-invasive methods such as this to track jaguars are useful tools, Avila said.
"Regardless of the mine, it's important that the public knows about this," Avila said. "For many years, jaguars have been sending us a message, saying they want to live in Southern Arizona, that the Sky Islands are their home.
"That is a message that we need to hear, loud and clear," Avila said.
The continued presence of jaguars in southern Arizona is testament to the healthy habitats, prey populations and wildlife corridors across the region, the alliance said in a statement.
The tracks were also found four years to the week when remote cameras run by the alliance photographed a jaguar for the first time in northern Sonora's Rancho El Aribabi, about 30 miles south of the U.S. border. A jaguar was photographed on Jan. 2, 2010 and again on Jan. 10.
The sound of heavy equipment clearing desert can easily be heard from the historic guest ranch that Richard Schultz runs a few hundred feet from the international border.
While walking through a thick grove of mesquite trees between the 90-year-old ranch once frequented by Hollywood stars and Washington, D.C. politicians, Schultz says he can only guess as to where Kinder Morgan wants to put the pipeline in relation to his ranch.
He points to some small hills just west of his guest ranch, noting his sole communication with Kinder Morgan has been a single postcard notifying him of a public hearing.
Schultz worries that a massive, denuded section of land near his ranch will hurt his business, which has for decades attracted people from around the world looking for a true taste of the Old West.
Sarah King can trace her husband's ranching roots in the Altar Valley back to 1895.
Fences crisscross the 55,000 acres her herd of roughly 300 cows graze on.
Her worries focus on smugglers who might use the north-south path of the pipeline to bring drugs into the county.
History, she says, has taught her that criminals use the path of least resistance, cutting a fence even if there is a gate 20 feet away. A cut fence might not seem like a big deal, she said, but it impacts her bottom line every time a cow escapes.
Kinder Morgan, she said, has told her that it won't be responsible if an increase in smuggling leads to problems on her ranch.
King said it is impossible to know how much the pipeline will threaten her family's century-old ranch.
A small pond fed by seasonal rainwater on one end of the Sierra Vista Ranch has provided Melissa Owen with countless hours of enjoyment.
Her motion-activated camera has caught bobcats, javelinas, deer and even a jaguar getting a late night drink. She is concerned the earth-moving equipment will destroy the precious watering hole.
"This is an extremely important area for wildlife, not just my ranch, but for all the nearby ranches," Owen said.
She faults the draft version of the environmental impact statement for not looking at the hydrological impacts the pipeline would have in the area.
History is on her side, pointing to the surveying stake put in the ground a few years ago when El Paso Natural Gas — now known as Kinder Morgan — wanted to build a pipeline to send natural gas from Mexico to Tucson.
Officials offered to route the pipeline around the pond, but the new route would essentially cut off the runoff from nearby hills after the monsoons.
With the eastern edge of her property bordering the Buenos Aires Natural Wildlife Reserve, Owen believes Kinder Morgan is playing politics with the route of the pipeline.
The preferred route was moved out of the boundaries of the wildlife reserve because the pipeline did not meet its goals or mission.
Owen, who said her property isn't for sale at any price, wonders why Kinder Morgan won't listen when she says the denuded no man's land created by the pipeline doesn't meet the core mission of her ranch.
"What happens to me is a microcosm of what happens to the entire Altar Valley," she says.
TUCSON- The controversy surrounding the proposed Sierrita Gas Pipeline continues as local ranchers, county and state organizations share their concerns about the project. The $204 million international pipeline would stretch about 60 miles, starting west of the Tucson Mountains and connecting with lines across the border to deliver natural gas to Mexico.
The comment period for the project's Draft Environmental Impact Statement, or DEIS, just closed on Monday. Kinder Morgan Incorporated owns the project and says it will create jobs, boost tax revenue and local business. However if you look at some of the comments submitted, it is obvious not everyone sees it that way.
In his comments, Pima County Administrator Chuck Huckelberry calls the DEIS "significantly and fatally flawed," citing public safety and environmental damage as two of the county's concerns.
Kinder Morgan's Communications Director tells News 4 Tucson this is the exact reason the DEIS is so important, so stakeholders can share their comments and Kinder Morgan can integrate those into the final EIS. As of right now, the company is hoping for final approval in mid-2014, to be up and running by next September.
Close to 300,000 trees, mostly junipers and oaks, would likely be cleared on public land in the Santa Rita Mountains if the proposed Rosemont Mine is built.
Clearing those trees will be controversial, but at this moment, it's not known what will happen to them afterward. The U.S. Forest Service will charge Rosemont Copper for any cut trees removed from the site, and those proceeds will go to the federal Treasury. The trees, which are common, aren't legally protected.
The Star learned the amount of trees slated for clearing last week after obtaining Forest Service documents on the subject under the federal Freedom of Information Act. The service estimates 23,261 cords of wood, or roughly 66,000 tons, are on public land slated for clearing. A cord measures 4 feet deep by 4 feet high by 8 feet long.
"Rosemont has agreed to buy them. … Some will be left on site for reclamation. Whatever is left over, then it's their call what to do with them," said Mindy Vogel, the Coronado National Forest's geology and minerals program manager.
Mine opponents say the tree clearing would symbolize Rosemont's ecological damage. They say the trees offer good habitat for many bird species in the area.
Rosemont officials won't comment on the trees until the Forest Service releases a draft decision on the mine. Officials of Tucson businesses that sell firewood and wood for furniture making say a market exists for timber sold from the site, although there isn't a shortage of it.
Forest Service officials say tree remnants can be mixed with soil for reclamation, which is slated to begin when mining starts. The trees can stabilize soil and promote a variety of vegetation, the service said in its final Rosemont environmental impact statement.
Until final reclamation plans are approved — which won't happen until after the service decides on the mine — it's impossible to say how many trees will be used that way, Vogel said.
New trees will be planted for reclamation, but their locations aren't worked out and have been a source of disagreement between the Forest Service and the mining company, records obtained by the Star show.
In its Rosemont environmental report, the Forest Service said 20 to 25 tons of "large woody material" per acre can be used for reclamation. Some material suitable for reclamation could be stored in temporary stockpiles, but no large-scale stockpiles would be maintained on public land, the statement said.
In July, Coronado official Michele Girard wrote in an email that while Rosemont Copper's draft revegetation memo said the company will use all the woody debris on-site, since most of the area will be cleared and only a few hundred acres reclaimed in the first couple of years, "there will be way too much wood initially to use as it is generated.
"Then what do you do with what is left over? … ," wrote Girard, the Coronado's watershed program manager.
The Coronado Forest is scheduled to release a draft decision on the mine Friday.
The federal government charges $5 per cord for firewood to the public and $300 per cord for commercial sale.
In a statement, Rosemont Copper said until the draft decision appears, "and we know which alternative has been selected, and we know what the conditions of approval are, it would be inappropriate for us or anyone else to make assumptions, to speculate or to comment on the issue," said Jamie Sturgess, the company's senior vice president for corporate development and government affairs.
Last August, Coronado National Forest surveyors on foot found about 92 trees per acre on 3,171 acres of forest on the proposed mine site. While the company could ultimately decide some trees won't need clearing, the service assumes in its environmental report that "they're going to all be gone," Vogel said.
The proposed mine site in the Santa Rita Mountains is part of an important wildlife corridor that connects southern Arizona's sky island mountain ranges — isolated mountains that rise up from surrounding lowlands — that are home to unique plant and animal species.
The US Forest Service seems to have been unusually eager to help a Canadian mining company with a dubious track record and financial troubles set up an open pit copper mine in Arizona's Coronado National Forest. The agency's efforts, however, might be in vain.
Despite serious environmental concerns about the project that need careful study, the US Forest Service released an incomplete draft of its final environmental impact statement (FEIS) for the proposed mine on July 1 and asked the more than two dozen local, state, and federal cooperating agencies to send in their comments within 30 days.
Original article by Tony Davis, Arizona Daily Star.
Opponents of the proposed Rosemont Mine have filed suit, seeking to overturn a state decision awarding a groundwater protection permit to mine owners Rosemont Copper Co.
The permit allows the company to discharge materials if it can show it's using the best available technology to keep pollutants from reaching groundwater.
The suit, filed last week by 14 individuals and groups, challenges the July decision by the State Water Quality Appeals Board to uphold issuance of the permit by the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality in April 2012.
As it stands now, the state permit should be called the "Rosemont aquifer pollution permit," said Gayle Hartmann, president of the mine opposition group Save the Scenic Santa Ritas, which is one of the plaintiffs.
Other plaintiffs include Richard Walden and Nan Walden, who are executives of the pecan growing Farmers Investment Co.; environmental groups Sky Island Alliance, the Coalition for Sonoran Desert Protection and the Center for Biological Diversity; and eight residents of Tucson, Green Valley and Vail.
Mark Shaffer, an ADEQ spokesman, noted that the department's decision granting the permit was upheld "independently and unconditionally" by the water appeals board after nine days of testimony before the State Office of Administrative Hearings. ADEQ has said its review evaluated Rosemont's pollution control technologies in relation to the mine site's environmental surroundings in the Santa Rita Mountains, 30 miles southeast of Tucson.
"We are confident the permit, as issued, will be protective of the state's water quality," Shaffer said Tuesday.
Kathy Arnold, a Rosemont Copper vice president, said the law judge ruled on 500 findings of fact and reached 33 conclusions in support of ADEQ's work. She said she's confident the permit will survive and that the suit won't delay Rosemont's permitting and construction timelines.
"These last-minute actions have been anticipated as it is a common opposition tactic. They seek delays," Arnold said, in part.
That the water board and the judge failed to consider the mine's potential impacts to surface water, as required by state law. Opponents are concerned that if the mine were to contaminate groundwater, its pollutants could rise into surface water because the two are connected.
The mine plan has changed since ADEQ issued the permit. Rosemont has since decided to eliminate heap leaching of copper oxide and increase production of copper sulfide.
The appeals board failed to require ADEQ to consider impacts on plants and animals from groundwater pollution, which the suit says is also required.
Opponents say they're concerned that Cienega Creek and Davidson Canyon near the mine site could be contaminated by groundwater pollution rising to the surface, impacting a source of Tucson's groundwater and imperiled wildlife such as the Gila chub and the Chiricahua leopard frog.
"This permit should be sent back to the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality so that it can do what it should have done in the first place — thoroughly analyze the potential harm that the Rosemont copper mine would do to people, plants and wildlife," said Randy Serraglio, a conservation advocate for the Center for Biological Diversity.


text:
Two-Minute Drill
Patriots Draft
2022 NFL Draft: Robert Kraft spills the beans on the Patriots' first-round pick
By Bernd Buchmasser@BerndBuchmasser Apr 28, 2022, 8:33pm EDT
Share All sharing options for: 2022 NFL Draft: Robert Kraft spills the beans on the Patriots' first-round pick
"It's hard to predict what Coach Belichick is going to do … but I can tell you one thing: He is not going to draft a quarterback in the first round." — owner Robert Kraft, with a humorous touch, at the Patriots season-ticket member draft party. pic.twitter.com/vOrNe8myLq
— Mike Reiss (@MikeReiss) April 28, 2022
To nobody's surprise, the New England Patriots will not be selecting a quarterback in the first round of this year's draft: team owner Robert Kraft said as much during the Patriots' season-ticket member draft party at Gillette Stadium.
"It's hard to predict what Coach Belichick is going to do," Kraft said, per ESPN's Mike Reiss. "But I can tell you one thing: he is not going to draft a quarterback in the first round."
The Patriots selected Mac Jones 15th overall last spring, and he earned the starting spot in training camp before leading the team to the playoffs. Jones is not going anywhere, and New England will therefore invest pick No. 21 differently.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


With AI, G5 enables smarter marketing in real estate. The leader in real estate marketing optimization for property managers, G5 helps marketers amplify their impact with predictive logic that integrates market and consumer signals across direct multi-channels. Driven by inbound digital strategies, customer journeys come from mobile and web. G5's Intelligent Marketing Cloud helps real estate marketers pinpoint prospects with purchase intent and fill property vacancies faster. Powered by cross-channel data and activated by AI, G5's platform empowers real estate marketers to optimize marketing investments and leverage actionable insights. With H2O Driverless AI, G5 leverages machine learning to improve speed, accuracy and predictive qualities in generating customer insights.
In today's digital age, the customer journey is constantly shifting across digital advertising, search engine optimization, web, mobile, social and more. Today's marketers must simultaneously oversee and meet their prospects and customers at these various channels to ensure a frictionless experience. G5's Intelligent Marketing Cloud integrates cross-channel data on real estate for property managers into one platform, empowering marketers with actionable insights to reach their audience and convert prospects into leads. Given the vast depth and breadth of data G5's platform is constantly ingesting, the company sought a way to leverage machine learning to improve accuracy and speed in delivering predictive insights. However, the hefty price tag of hiring highly sought-after data science talent and processing large machine learning workloads was prohibitive for the startup.
G5 teamed up with H2O.ai to uplevel the machine learning capabilities of its Intelligent Marketing Cloud with the latter's automated machine learning platform, H2O Driverless AI. By automating and accelerating the typical data science workflow, H2O Driverless AI supplements the skills of G5's data science team and delivers high predictive accuracy that is comparable to expert data scientists. H2O Driverless AI is built to empower both technical and analytical employees at companies of all sizes to harness the potential of machine learning.
Oftentimes, the value of predictive modeling is only realized when machine learning models are moved from development into production deployment. However, with H2O Driverless AI's high-class computing power, the models run on live data, delivering accurate and instant insights. With greater accuracy and speed, G5 is able to optimize its platform to better inform and advise its customers.
With improved machine learning capabilities, G5 enables real estate marketers to take an accurate and proactive, rather than reactive, approach to their marketing strategies. Together, G5 and H2O.ai have accelerated the process of ingesting, processing and training of cross-channel data, allowing the Intelligent Marketing Cloud to learn from its inputs and generate predictive insights. These insights then point to actionable opportunities to improve ROI through every step of the customer journey, from channel attribution to the classification of inbound phone calls with natural language processing.
Consequently, marketers are able to pursue leads with more accuracy – freeing up time, lowering costs and improving success rates for converting inbound leads, improving occupancy rates and net operating income. The platform has empowered marketers to simultaneously prioritize and convert inbound leads from phone calls and forms at a rate of 2.5x over the real estate average, and 3x when coupled as an inbound through a digital advertisement.
By leveraging H2O Driverless AI, G5 can provide a superior solution for real estate marketing – one that simultaneously provides an overview of the customer journey and generates actionable insights for property managers. In the real-estate industry, where nearly 50 percent of a digital marketing budget leads to a phone call, the G5 Intelligent Marketing Cloud platform can identify inbound leads with a purchase intent with 95 percent accuracy, a dramatic increase over the 85-89 percent rate prior to Driverless AI-enabled machine learning. In fact, the insights generated from the platform empower marketers to simultaneously prioritize and convert inbound leads at a rate of 2.5 to 3 times over the real estate average.
The partnership provides G5 with a unique position in the property management marketplace with an end-to-end dashboard that guides proactive marketing decisions to find and secure paying tenants.
Combining G5's depth of cross-channel data with H2O Driverless AI's machine learning capabilities results in a marketing platform that is constantly learning and generating actionable insights that connect marketers to decision-ready prospects with a high degree of accuracy. As a result of the partnership, G5 has optimized its Intelligent Marketing Cloud for predictive marketing, gaining a competitive edge in the property management marketplace. Real estate marketers can make smarter decisions, drive higher conversions, optimize marketing spend and reduce vacancy rates.
With end-to-end intelligence and an intuitive user interface, Driverless AI delivers the expertise of a "data scientist in a box" that can be utilized by both engineers and business analysts. This has enabled G5's data science team to focus on more complex problems, as well as accelerated innovation and market-changing product releases.
Driverless AI's interpretability features seek to eliminate the "black box" of AI and cultivate users' trust in its processes by delivering understandable interpretations of why generated models are selected. Consequently, users can fine-tune and tweak existing models to adapt to current data rather than retrain them from scratch. Driverless AI's ability for machine learning to learn from machine learning accelerated beta testing, and time to market. AI to do AI is a watershed moment in the industry.
The ultimate reward is the customers' success. In testing G5's predictive solutions on its Intelligent Marketing Cloud using H2O Driverless AI, customers can see and experience inbound calls automatically prioritized in the queue. Based on machine learning and natural language processing, customers validated that "hot" calls prioritized in the Intelligent Marketing Cloud interface were indeed, calls with a very high purchase intent. The added value sold itself.
As the leader in real estate marketing optimization, G5 is a predictive marketing SaaS company that uses AI and other emerging technologies to help marketers amplify their impact. Through its Intelligent Marketing Cloud, G5 delivers unrivaled performance and scalability through predictive analytics, 1:1 customer journeys, hyper-personalized customer experiences and continuous spend optimization.


On Saturday, May 14, OSA FC's men's team played against the Portland Spartans FC, in the first of five games that the two Northwest teams will play against each other this season. The winner of the Northwest Conference will be decided based on the results of these five games.
The level of the game was well-balanced and the two teams were not able to finish the many chances created during the game. The Spartans played most of the game with only ten men, due to an early red card in the ninth minute, but OSA FC wasn't able to take advantage of the situation.
The next OSA FC men's game is on May 20th, when the squad travels to California to play the Sacramento Gold. In other club news, OSA FC women's team will play their first game of the 2016 WPSL season next weekend.


Kris B. Pedersen has been a member of the Firm since its origination in 1993 and a partner since 2013. She manages the Hanford Office, which is her home town area. Kris has been licensed to practice law since 1996 when she was admitted to the California State Bar. She is a general practitioner with experience in many different areas of the law. Her current law practice focuses on contract and business transactions, estate planning (Wills, Trust, Probate and Probate Court Litigation), civil and business litigation, representation of public agencies, and employment law.
Kris began her legal career with a law firm in Hanford in 1984 as an office clerk. She was then promoted to a legal assistant, paralegal, and after graduating from San Joaquin College of Law, Fresno in 1996, she became an attorney for the Firm. She accomplished all her academic achievements while working full-time in the legal field, giving her over 30 years of experience in the legal profession. Before going to law school, Kris provided extensive support in a number of complex high profile lawsuits. This experience has provided Kris with a perspective on dispute resolution and avoidance few attorneys possess.
In her experience with public agency clients, Kris has served in the capacity of General Legal Counsel and as Deputy and Assistant Attorney, including but not limited to the City of Visalia, Visalia Public Cemetery District, Tulare Regional Medical Center, Kings County Association of Governments and Hanford Cemetery District. In 2005, Kris was a guest speaker providing a labor and employment law update for the California State Bar Annual Conference.
In all types of client representation, Kris employs a positive and solution-oriented approach. She excels in her skills as a communicator who is able to bring people to common ground; her style often yields results quickly. Kris has extensive experience in mediating and arbitrating all types of legal issues and is experienced in state and federal court. She is recognized in the legal community for her skilled expertise and professionalism. When necessary, Kris can be an effective and zealous advocate in litigation.
Kris is admitted to the State Bar of California and the United States District Court, Eastern District of California.
Kris earned her Associates Degrees and paralegal certificate from the College of Sequoias in 1998. She completed her undergraduate education at Fresno Pacific University, and then earned her Juris Doctorate Degree from San Joaquin College of Law, Fresno 1996.
Kris is a member of the Kings County Bar Association, Tulare County Bar Association, American Bar Association, California Women in Agriculture and also serves as a Board Member of CASA of Kings County.


DAP_r (Design and Architecture Practice Research) is a collaboration of 14 Australian universities, led by RMIT, building a new model to fill an internationally identified gap in architecture and design postgraduate training. It is specifically aligned with the core teaching and learning components of design and architecture programs in Australia. It provides a radically new way of connecting the academy with SME practitioners, locating the site of new knowledge discovery within SME studios, producing results with immediate industry impact and linking them with studio teaching.
The doctoral model involves the production of new works during the period of the PhD which are, in most cases, included in the final PhD material, and the placement of the work of the practice in a broader disciplinary context. Candidates examine and document the methods and techniques of practice as they relate to the existing and ongoing body of work. Thus, the work examines and transforms the practice within which it is situated.
• Capitalise on nascent pedagogical scholarship.
• Pedagogical approaches research, building on the existing body of work done through the European ADAPT_r grant to further explore the potential benefits of improved pedagogical practices – arrived at through PhD study – for learning in architecture and design studios.


text:
Chthonius kewi är en spindeldjursart som beskrevs av Gabbutt 1966. Chthonius kewi ingår i släktet Chthonius och familjen käkklokrypare. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Käkklokrypare
kewi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Continuing with my favorite floral fits from this year, is this colorful Maxi. This dress is something to behold in person, pictures do not do it justice! I feel so tall in this dress which is amazing since i'm on the short side. I love how simple this look is; there is something about not adding accesories to a look and it just standing on its own that makes me happy, makes me feel like even a fashion addict like myself can simma down! I was channeling my inner flower child and had fun with it.


text:
Review Hatsune Miku: Project Mirai DX
So far two Hatsune Miku game to be localized outside of Japan and they have been helping diversify and revitalize the rhythm game genre. Hatsune Miku: Project Mirai DX is the newest title to be localized and will have a new look and gameplay from its PlayStation titles. Do these changes mean that the game won't be as good as Project DIVA?
By teamshyguys • Posted in Reviews	• Tagged 2ds, 3ds, chibi, costumes, crypton, difficulty, diva, dx, game, games, gaming, guys, hatsune, miku, mirai, music, ninteno, project, review, rhythm, Sega, shy, songs, team, vocaloid
Review Theatrhythm Final Fantasy: Curtain Call
Good old Square-Enix milking one of their franchises again. Theatrhythm isn't a spin-off or squeal to a series nobody wanted; it's their charming and addicting rhythm game for the 3DS. Curtain Call more than doubles the track list of the original but is this simply a cash grab or is there enough to revisit this game again?
By teamshyguys • Posted in Reviews	• Tagged 2ds, 3ds, call, curtain, DLC, enix, fantasy, Final, game, games, gaming, guys, handheld, music, Nintendo, review, rhythm, shy, sound, soundtrack, soundtracks, square, stage, stages, team, Theatrhythem, track
Bargain Bin Review Elite Beat Agents
Do you remember rhythm games before Rock Band and Guitar Hero popularized and killed the genre for many gamers. It was a time where this genre embraced whatever the strange and weird ideas that came into the developers heads. These were unique gameplay experiences without the additional investment of plastic instruments, dance pads or motion tracking cameras. Elite Beat Agents came early in the Nintendo DS's life cycle and when Guitar Hero was just making is way into gamers minds. It also used covers for popular music but it's the gameplay and presentation that makes it stand out in gamers minds.
By teamshyguys • Posted in Reviews	• Tagged agents, bargain, beat, bin, ds, eba, elite, guys, inis, music, nds, Nintendo, review, rhythm, shy, team
Review Theatrhythm Final Fantasy
The Final Fantasy series has been making enemies of their fans. Whether it be its main games failing to deliver on what fans want or the numerous spin offs that are ignored, fans are becoming tired of waiting for something good from the franchise. While I don't totally agree with the vocal fans Theatrhythm Final Fantasy has caught my attention. It combines my love of Final Fantasy music and rhythm games. Is this mishmash a good thing on another product waiting to be ignored?
By teamshyguys • Posted in Reviews	• Tagged 3d, 3ds, bartz, cecil, cloud, DLC, enix, fantasy, ff, Final, franchise, game, games, gaming, i, ii, iii, iv, ix, knight, lightning, music, Nintendo, onion, pass, review, screen, series, squall, square, street, terra, Theatrhythem, tidus, touch, tunes, V, vi, vii, viii, x, xi, xii, yuna, zidane
Review Catherine
Catherine is developed by Atlus's Persona Team know for the popular Persona JRPG series. Unlike Persona, Catherine is a puzzle game. You play as Vincent Brooks, a software developer in a long-term relationship with his girlfriend Katherine. You wake up in a nightmare climbing a collapsing tower. The next morning Vincent and Katherine discuss their relationship. Later than night after his friends leave the bar Vincent stays to reflect and meets a woman. He finds himself in the nightmare again discovering that if he can survive and climb the eight floors he can escape the nightmares. Upon waking up is in bed with the beautiful woman from the bar also named Catherine.
By teamshyguys • Posted in Reviews	• Tagged 360, anime, atlus, bar, bars, beer, Catherine, cheating, classical, cocktail, dating, difficult, drinking, game, games, gaming, hard, horror, japan, japanese, jrpg, Katherine, love, marriage, microsoft, music, persona, playstion, PS3, puzzles, relationships, review, rpg, sake, sex, Sony, team, Vincent, whiskey, xbox


Mind Control 101_daisy.zip download Mind_Control_Hypnosis_daisy.zip download Mind_Control_Language_Patterns_daisy.zip download... Mind Control Language Patterns are spoken phrases that can act as "triggers" to the people who hear. them. In short. they influence and control how we respond and cause us to be influenced to do things without our knowing .
Mind Control Language Patterns Mind Control Language Patterns is the best ebook you want. You can get any ebooks you wanted like Mind Control Language Patterns � amsterdam lonely planet pdf free download The mind control techniques can influence one�s proceeding actions because these measures are the result of the thoughts in your mind initially controlled. Such methods are based on the Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) that is capable of controlling people�s mind with the well-equipped strategies and patterns.
People display specific types of body language which all depends on what�s in their thought pattern at that given moment. Analyzing their body language will give you a general idea of what that person is thinking whether it�s an image, sound or feeling.
If you are searched for the book by Dantalion Jones Mind Control Language Patterns in pdf format, in that case you come on to the correct site.
Here you can download file 23805790-Mind-Control-Language-Patterns-Dantalion-Jones. 2shared gives you an excellent opportunity to store your files here and share them with others.


text:
namespace gametree {

	namespace help {
		// from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4850473/pretty-print-c-stl-containers
		// (seems to be from Sven Groot)
		template<typename T>
			struct is_container_helper {
				private:
					template<typename C> static char
						test(decltype(begin(std::declval<C>())) *);
					template<typename C> static int  test(...);
				public:
					static const bool value
						= sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
			};

		// Basic is_container template; specialize to derive from
		// std::true_type for all desired container types
		template<typename T> struct is_container
			: public ::std::integral_constant<bool,
						is_container_helper<T>::value> { };

		template<typename T1, typename T2>
			constexpr auto min(const T1 &t1, const T2 &t2) {
				return t1<t2 ? t1 : t2;
			}
		template<typename T1, typename T2>
			constexpr auto max(const T1 &t1, const T2 &t2) {
				return t1<t2 ? t2 : t1;
			}
	}

	template<typename R>
		constexpr auto expevalhelp(R &&sum, std::size_t n) {
			return sum/n;
		}

	template<typename E, typename... Es,typename R>
		constexpr auto expevalhelp(R &&sum, std::size_t n, E &&e, Es &&...es) {
			return expevalhelp(sum+e(),n+1,std::forward<Es>(es)...);
		}

	template<typename I1,typename I2,typename R>
		constexpr auto expevalhelp2(R &&sum, std::size_t n, I1 &&i, I2 &&e) -> decltype(sum/n) {
			return i==e ? sum/n : expevalhelp2(sum+(*i)(),n+1,i+1,std::forward<I2>(e));
		}

	template<typename L>
		constexpr auto expeval(L &&l) ->
			typename std::enable_if<help::is_container<L>::value,
				decltype(expevalhelp2((*begin(l))(),1,begin(l)+1,end(l)))>::type {
			return expevalhelp2((*begin(l))(),1,begin(l)+1,end(l));
		}

	template<typename E, typename... Es>
		constexpr auto expeval(E &&e, Es &&...es) ->
			typename std::enable_if<!help::is_container<E>::value,
				decltype(expevalhelp(e(),1,std::forward<Es>(es)...))>::type {
			return expevalhelp(e(),1,std::forward<Es>(es)...);
		}

	template<typename R>
		constexpr auto minevalhelp(R &&best) {
			return best;
		}

	template<typename E, typename... Es,typename R>
		constexpr auto minevalhelp(R &&best, E &&e, Es &&...es) {
			return minevalhelp(help::min(best,e()),std::forward<Es>(es)...);
		}

	template<typename I1,typename I2,typename R>
		constexpr R minevalhelp2(R &&best, I1 &&i, I2 &&e) {
			return i==e ? best : minevalhelp2(help::min(best,(*i)()),i+1,std::forward<I2>(e));
		}

	template<typename L>
		constexpr auto mineval(L &&l) ->
			typename std::enable_if<help::is_container<L>::value,
				decltype(minevalhelp2((*begin(l))(),begin(l)+1,end(l)))>::type {
			return minevalhelp2((*begin(l))(),begin(l)+1,end(l));
		}

	template<typename E, typename... Es>
		constexpr auto mineval(E &&e, Es &&...es) ->
			typename std::enable_if<!help::is_container<E>::value,
				decltype(minevalhelp(e(),std::forward<Es>(es)...))>::type {
			return minevalhelp(e(),std::forward<Es>(es)...);
		}

	template<typename R>
		constexpr auto maxevalhelp(R &&best) {
			return best;
		}

	template<typename E, typename... Es,typename R>
		constexpr auto maxevalhelp(R &&best, E &&e, Es &&...es) {
			return maxevalhelp(help::max(best,e()),std::forward<Es>(es)...);
		}

	template<typename I1,typename I2,typename R>
		constexpr R maxevalhelp2(R &&best, I1 &&i, I2 &&e) {
			return i==e ? best : maxevalhelp2(help::max(best,(*i)()),i+1,std::forward<I2>(e));
		}

	template<typename L>
		constexpr auto maxeval(L &&l) ->
			typename std::enable_if<help::is_container<L>::value,
				decltype(maxevalhelp2((*begin(l))(),begin(l)+1,end(l)))>::type {
			return maxevalhelp2((*begin(l))(),begin(l)+1,end(l));
		}

	template<typename E, typename... Es>
		constexpr auto maxeval(E &&e, Es &&...es) ->
			typename std::enable_if<!help::is_container<E>::value,
				decltype(maxevalhelp(e(),std::forward<Es>(es)...))>::type {
			return maxevalhelp(e(),std::forward<Es>(es)...);
		}
}

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


You may think I have taken leave of my senses and my left-brain has abandoned my head. Yet it is abundantly clear to me now. Asking for what it is you want, in a clear manner, is all we really need to do to get business.
In the past six months, I have been exploring the art of the "Ask" There are so many books written and people preaching about the "Ask" that I just had to explore further. This is what I learned first in theory, and then in practice.
As Rezoomers we are revving our engines again. The first question we must be asking ourselves is, "What are we meant to do now" Second: Is it a do over, a new start or a re-start? Why are we doing it? What are we meant to do this time around? How do we get there?
When I decided to investigate the theory of the "Ask" I read five really good books. Ask and It is Given, by Ester and Jerry Hicks, The Answer and Having it All by John Assaraf, The War of Art by Steven Pressfield and Uncertainty: Turning Fear and Doubt into Fuel for Brilliance by Jonathan Fields. I want you to know I don't have a lot of time to read in my practice, yet I found the time for each of these books and I couldn't put them down. This began my first major attitude adjustment about what it is I was trying to accomplish. I had to understand the 'What'.
I know this may be too 'out there' for my fellow attorney types, but I want you to think about something: We preach this every day to our clients and juries. We ask them to see things the way we want them to see it. We set up the scenarios in a way only one conclusion can be reached. We convince ourselves, our clients and our juries, that as long as we present the correct "Ask" and we tell them to deliver the proper outcome they will do just that. Yet lawyers don't necessarily put this theory to use on themselves. We should, according to Hicks, Assaraf, Pressfield and Fields. It is the art of the "Ask" that moves us forward to the successes we are meant to achieve, our greater purpose. Playing the bigger game so to speak.
A Rezoomer is singularly qualified to follow the "Ask" theory. We are not hemmed in by the rules of where we are currently working. We are nowhere really, starting again with a clean slate, so why not focus on the "Ask" first to help us get where we are meant to go? Four things have convinced me the "Ask" is real.
Each " Ask" has manifested itself in the form of a person or an opportunity I seized which has helped me to progress to the next level.
I educated myself in my chosen field; alternative dispute resolution as applied to animal conflicts, and while attending these educational events met several colleagues who refer clients to me with animal conflict issues.
I met an insurance broker affiliated with the underwriter for the American Veterinary Medical Association, at a Women on the Board event. This colleague scheduled a meeting for me with the underwriter for the entire AVMA. I will help this company's bottom line with my alternative conflict resolving service and they will hire me to solve their conflicts prior to litigation.
I asked around for office space that was available and affordable and received a general email from a colleague I admire stating she has office space available.
I looked for support and understanding from my family and friends in the form of not being accessible to my son, sister and friend between 9-5. It was tough for them to stop calling and understand I was working. It was difficult for me to put this "Ask" out there because these groups are the champions of my rezoom. Yet I did, they understood and remain supportive and loving.
All in the space of a few weeks from my clear and focused "Ask". Crazy huh!
If you take some time over the holidays to read these books you will begin to see it is not 'hog wash'. Asking changes everything! Living in the befuddlement of the 'what if'' muddies the messages you are sending to others.
Speaking clearly about what it is you want to do, and believing in your heart that this is your life's purpose, will enable your attitude to shift and surprisingly opportunities will present themselves providing you with the things you need to reach your "Ask".
Attorneys ask people to believe their "Ask ' each and every day. We are fine-tuned to ask it clearly so our intended results are achieved. Now try the "Ask" for yourself. I especially want my fellow Rezoomers to work on their "Ask". We have so many things pulling on us, the sooner we focus on what it is we really want to do the sooner the opportunities will present themselves clearly and accessibly.
Why not ask for exactly what you want today? Then move your feet toward achieving it. Study material about how to receive and gather information your "Ask" requires. Attend events and move toward your goal each and every day. You will be amazed at how easily you will meet and exceed your "Ask".
You're absolutely on target! I've found that the Law of Attraction (LOA) is the most powerful of all the laws of the universe. Jerry and Ester Hicks are, at times, a bit "out there" for my tastes, but I take what I need from their writings and just leave the rest behind until I'm ready. As lawyers, it may seem illogical or too new-age to accept this, but my study of the LOA is that it's completely logical and it works to boot. Your post made my day Debra!
The Hicks are out there!
I do the same; take what I can use now and understand things will become clear as I get there.
As lawyers we are not as open to this kind of thinking.
It is not in the nature of the practice.
If we can bring our clients to think about how they are feeling and how they would like to feel, really feel, we are doing a great service for our clients.
I was once bidding for work to a Middle Eastern State Utility Company who gave me two days to reconsider my price. After making better, alternative use of the two days, I got back to them and said I'd spent all the previous two days looking for things to leave out of my bid in order to allow me to consider a reduced price, but I couldn't find a single thing to omit that wouldn't compromise quality to a level I wasn't prepared to tolerate. Therefore I stood by my original price.
I got the order at full price half an hour later!
David, I LOVE that story. What a fabulous way to position yourself in a world used to competitive pricing as a tool knock down costs. Thank you for sharing.
Making sure you enable people to feel they are in control of the decision, whether it is yes or no, is key.
Esther Hicks ? isn't she the woman who has made a fortune by claiming that her pronouncements were actually the pronouncements of hundreds of spirits she was channeling? If so. No thanks.
Yes she is and no you don't have to follow/agree/believe her theory.
If you read Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill or The War of Art by Steven Pressfield, you will see each author attributes their success to a little muse or inner guide who helped them select the path that moved them closer to their purpose. I get it, the Hicks are not for everyone. They are way out there.
Hill and Pressfield approach it in a more understandable manner, using definiteness of purpose and resistance as the competing factions in our lives.
If we listen to the inner voice we all have and hear to varying degrees what it is saying, we may become the person we really want to become.
I wish you every positive vibration I can so you can feel appreciated for who you are and grateful for where you are right now.


text:
Home New Mexico Destinations Nature Bosque Del Apache National Wildlife Refuge
New Mexico Destinations
Bosque Del Apache National Wildlife Refuge
Birdwatching Bonanza
Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge spans 57,191 acres of wilderness south of Socorro. The refuge offers a safari opportunity in the high desert, particularly for wildlife enthusiasts seeking serenity and solitude. The Rio Grande's historic floodplain provides the central attraction as it meanders into the vast, stark terrain of the Chihuahuan Desert. The river provides precious water to southern New Mexico's fields and creates habitat for jackrabbits, quail, roadrunners and lizards. Creosote, lechuguilla, mesquite and ocotillo grow from the banks of the river, with sunflowers providing a burst of yellow in September and early October.
Wintering birds have been drawn to this fertile habitat for thousands of years. The migration is an ancient tradition. Sandhill cranes migrate south from the northern Rockies, joined by ducks from the Great Plains, snow geese and Ross's geese. Native American hunters took advantage of the annual abundance. They left ancient depictions of cranes and geese etched in the boulders.
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt established the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge in 1939 "as a refuge and breeding grounds for migratory birds and other wildlife." The refuge provided winter habitat for migrating waterfowl and Greater Sandhill Cranes. Park staff documented 17 cranes during the winter months of 1941. However, currently more than 15,000 Sandhills migrate annually to the refuge.
Park staff create fifty "wetland units" across the 9000-acre swath of land in the Bosque. They flood several of the wetland units every autumn, drawing water from the Rio Grande. They till and plow other units to grow food for the birds.
Public access is via a 12-mile tour loop broken into two sections, the southern Marsh Loop and the Farm Loop. The tour loop entrance is located opposite the refuge Visitor Center. Both loops are one-way unpaved roads. They are linked by a central two-way road. Each loop is two-way for a short distance to allow convenient access to the most popular viewing areas.
The refuge is an important economic resource for rural Socorro and Sierra counties. The refuge employs about 25 people and the Festival of the Cranes attracts thousands of people to the area.
Festival of the Cranes is November 20 – 23, 2019.
The sound of the sandhill cranes and the scent of roasting green chile herald the arrival of autumn in the Rio Grande valley. Approximately 50,000 Snow Geese and 15,000 Greater Sandhill Cranes spend the October through February at the refuge. They are joined by a few Ross's Geese, 20 species of ducks, several ravenous raptors, including Bald Eagles and Northern Harriers, resident Roadrunners, and a variety of songbirds. November through February is prime time. The exquisite light, spectacular scenery, and abundance of birds makes Bosque del Apache one of North America's premier locations for bird-photography. Staff and visitors have seen 358 different bird species in the Bosque del Apache since 1981. If you have an aversion to birds, the experience could be harrowing, reminiscent of the Alfred Hitchcock classic, "The Birds."
The hour before sunrise and sunset are a bird photographer's visual manna. The sunrise flyout involves getting up in the wee hours of the morning, before the sun rises. When you arrive at the refuge, you will be greeted by the sound of geese chattering. As dawn approaches, the chatter becomes deafening, until thousands of Snow Geese take flight simultaneously, collectively obscuring the faint rays of dawn. The cranes queue up. They gather in family groups, bugling, chortling and squawking, before following the geese in small flocks in search of breakfast. The cranes like yellow nutsedge or chufa. They use their sharp beaks to dig up the plants' buried nutlets.
The sunset fly-in is equally spectacular if you prefer to wake up at a more civilized hour. Photo opportunities extend well beyond dusk.
In addition to providing habitat for migrating feathered friends, the refuge's cottonwood forests and shrublands provide habitat for javelina, bobcats, bears, elk, deer, mountain lions and the endangered meadow jumping mouse.
Seasons at the Bosque
(mid-February through mid-May)
The winter wetlands are slowly drained in the spring, providing prime feeding grounds for migrating sandpipers, stilts, plovers, dunlins, curlews, avocets, and twenty other shorebird species. Flycatchers, vireos, and a dozen species of warblers pass through during the spring, either while migrating or while determining nesting location. Spring wildflowers add color and greater roadrunners make regular cameos as they search for lizards and snakes.
(mid-May through mid-September)
Summer arrives with the hummingbirds, featuring the antics of black-chinned, calliope, broad-tailed, and rufous hummingbirds. Young birds emerge from their nests. Some, like the quail, scurry around in long lines of a dozen or more. As the temperatures rise, most creatures seek shade during the peak heat of midday. Mornings and evenings provide more opportunities for wildlife encounters, particularly near waterways.
(mid-September through mid-November)
Late season sunflowers are a colorful contrast to the red-winged blackbirds that swoop and dart through the grasses. The first cranes and geese typically show up at the end of October, during which time coyotes, mule deer, and javelina are moving through open fields as well. Wild turkeys begin moving to the northern part of the refuge to join up with other family groups in separate male and female roosting flocks.
(mid-November through mid-February)
Winter is peak traffic at the refuge. Thousands of birds arrive in flocks, representing hundreds of species. The marsh areas are wing to wing seating. Whereas the Festival of Cranes is at the end of November, the birds arrive before the festival and remain after the throngs of humans and cameras depart.
Sunrise is stunning at Bosque Del Apache National Wildlife Refuge. The rising sun illuminates the layered landscape. Salt cedar and cottonwoods punctuate the lowest layer, lining the Rio Grande floodplain. The river's alluvial deposits in this area are less than 10,000 years old. They buried older sediment deposited during the last ice age, 15,000 to 25,000 years ago.
The next layer, seen above the bluffs, was formed when the basin floor was about 300 feet higher. Ancient earthquakes heaved massive blocks of stone to the east, creating a third layer, which forms the crest of the Chupadera Mountains. The Magdalena Mountains in the distance provides a fourth layer.
The Magdalena and Chupadera mountains are tilted, fault-block ranges. They provide evidence that the Earth's crust extended about 50% in the last 28 million years, which means the 50-mile-wide central Rio Grande rift was about 30-35 miles wide when it started to pull apart 28 million years ago. The earthquake activity is superimposed on giant volcanic calderas formed 29-32 million years ago. Collectively, the area is a petrie dish of geological activity.
Humans Arrive
Piro Indians migrated into the region over 700 years ago due to the abundance of plant and animal life. They built permanent villages out of mud and stones. They farmed the fertile soil in the floodplain, raised turkeys, gathered wild fruit, and hunted wildlife. Ultimately, European diseases and Apache raids forced the Piro to abandon their pueblos in the 1600s. They fled to El Paso with the Spanish after the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 and never returned to their native land. As a result, their villages fell into ruin.
Spanish explorers and colonists traveling to the provincial capital in Santa Fe from Mexico established "El Camino Real," or "the Royal Road" late in the 1500s. This route served as a vital trade connection between Mexico and Santa Fe for almost 300 years. Horses, wagons, cattle and sheep trampled a rutted, dusty road. As more people moved in, they created ranches, farms, and towns that encroached on the Piro people and their pueblos.
Additionally, the Spanish ranchers and settlers started to change the Rio Grande in response to the annual flooding. They built dams and irrigation ditches to control the flow of the river, diverting water for crops, livestock, and homesteads. Whereas taming the flood prone Rio Grande was beneficial to humans, it was detrimental to wildlife and the natural habitat. As the floodplain marshes dried up, the chufa, millet, and other plants that grew in the wetlands started to disappear. As the food resources dwindled, the region's wildlife, particularly the migratory birds, began to disappear. Fortunately, many people recognized the importance of the native wildlife and habitat. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) initiated restoration efforts in the 1930s.
Refuge Manager
Socorro, NM 87801
Email:Refuge Staff
San Antonio, NM 87832
September through May | Visitor center and nature store hours are 8:00 am to 4:00 pm daily. Maps and information are available at the visitor center entryway.
Visitor Center and Nature Store Closed
The Fourth of July
Tuesdays and Wednesdays in June, July, and August.
If you get a chance, eat a green chile cheeseburger in San Antonio. There is a spicy rivalry between the Owl Cafe (575-835-9946) and the Buckhorn (575-835-4423). Both are closed on Sundays.
Snow geese and cranes at sunset at Bosque del Apache
Previous articleCelina's Biscochitos
Next articlePendaries Lodge | Rociada
New Mexico Gold Infused Olive Oil
Rio Grande Rift
Highway 4 | Jemez Mountains
Deb Caldwell September 23, 2019 At 9:33 pm
Actually Visitor Center and refuge are open year round. In summer Visitor Center is closed on Tuesday and Wednesday but open otherwise 8-4. Also- now the bird count has reached 403 species!
Ron Mathis April 17, 2019 At 4:28 pm
How rough are the unpaved loops?
New Mexico Nomad April 17, 2019 At 6:08 pm
Not rough at all. The loops are well maintained.
Not rough at all. The speed limit is 20-25 mph
Not A Ghost Town Anymore Located midway on the Turquoise Trail, the village of Madrid is often referred to as a ghost town, though the...
Mogollon, New Mexico
20 of the Best Restaurants in Albuquerque for Chile
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680
Cimarron Rose Bed and Breakfast
Cimarron Rose Cimarron Rose is a small mountain retreat on Highway 53's Trail of the Ancients Scenic Byway. The B & B is on 43...
Morning Star Bed and Breakfast | Corrales
Casa Gallina | Taos
Hotel Luna Mystica | Taos
The Pantry | Santa Fe
George Myers founded The Pantry in 1948 and set the standard of quality and excellence that has been associated with the restaurant for over...
La Nueva Casita Cafe | Las Cruces
Clafoutis | Santa Fe
Cornerstone Bakery | Ruidoso
Adventures at Inn of the Mountain Gods
Indoor and Outdoor Recreation Inn of the Mountain Gods is nestled in the beauty of the Sacramento Mountains outside of Ruidoso. It is New Mexico's...
Farm and Ranch Heritage Museum
New Mexico Jeep Tours


Wait a second, do you really mean if I only like Bourbon, then I shouldn't drink this beer? Well no, you are welcome to try anything that your little heart desires, I'm just prepping you for the review that you are about to read. How about we compromise? You read the review first and then determine if you want to try the beer. Sound good? Ok, let's get started.
I had the pleasure of joining a group of old co-workers this past Friday night for some conversation and a few beers. Needless to say, since we all tend to enjoy a tasty brew more often than not, we opted for the Southern Tier brewpub on the north shore of Pittsburgh. Southern Tier is always a great location as their brewpub comes equipped with about 20 different ST beers on tap at any given time.


text:
Home/Entertainment/Yes, 'The Last Duel' is a true story. Here's what's historical fact and fiction
Yes, 'The Last Duel' is a true story. Here's what's historical fact and fiction
LONDON —
Spoiler alert: The following story includes details from the historical account behind the new film "The Last Duel" and narrative twists specific to the film. If you'd rather experience the film first, please save this to read after watching.
Eric Jager's 2004 book, "The Last Duel: A True Story of Trial by Combat in Medieval France," is a case of truth being stranger than fiction. The nonfiction work catalogs the events leading up to France's last government-sanctioned trial by combat, held between Jean de Carrouges and his former friend, Jacques Le Gris. The book, exhaustively compiled from existing documents and records, recounts how Carrouges' wife, Marguerite, accused Le Gris of rape, leading to the pair fighting to the death with Marguerite's own life on the line if it was decided she had lied.
These events have gotten a cinematic depiction in Ridley's Scott's new medieval epic, "The Last Duel," written by Ben Affleck, Matt Damon and Nicole Holofcener and now playing in theaters nationwide. The film is told in three chapters, from the perspectives of Carrouges (Damon), Le Gris (Adam Driver) and Marguerite (Jodie Comer). While it adheres closely to Jager's book, with the script using actual lines and passages from his writing, the filmmakers did make some alterations in order to better shine a light on the concepts of consent and perspective.
"Schools educate you, and religious services deliver sermons, and movies — at their best — can generate empathy and generate compassion," says Affleck. "There is this paradox of the human experience where oftentimes different people come away from the same situation with different impressions of that. And yet there can only be one truth. We wanted to examine that. But we wanted to do it through the lens of this situation.
"So it wasn't so much about hewing fastidiously to historical truth, because that wouldn't have served the narrative needs we were as interested in, as much as illuminating the fact that the vestiges of the sexism and misogyny of the patriarchy we live with now come from a place that was Western civilization's codified value system."
Still, "The Last Duel" does stick closely to historical fact. Jager counts the film as "at least 75 percent historically accurate, maybe more," noting that while evidence may not exist for specific moments, there is a general record that supports the re-creation. Even the characters' haircuts — which have been the butt of some online jokes —match up with what we know about the period, according to Jager.
"We don't have transcripts or historical records that say that on a given day [Marguerite] was doing this or something of that nature, but that's completely consistent with what such women did," the author confirms. "Women of that status, on these feudal estates, were in charge of a lot of things, especially when their husbands were away at war or on important business. I would call that historically accurate, even though we don't have direct testimony that Marguerite did this or that at the time."
Affleck, Damon, Holofcener, Comer and Jager talked us through what is and isn't accurate in "The Last Duel" and why the filmmakers made the narrative changes they did.
Giving Women a New Voice
Matt Damon as Jean de Carrouges and Jodie Comer as Marguerite de Carrouges in "The Last Duel."
(20th Century Studios)
The historical record tends to favor men, so not much is known about the real Marguerite beyond her family's legacy and her role leading up to the duel. That meant that Holofcener had to create Marguerite's world and inner life from scratch.
"We gathered from research that she was really capable and educated," Holofcener says. "But other than that, I made up a lot. I gave her a friend, who ultimately betrays her. I gave her the opportunity to go get a low-cut dress in the style of the queen, which she was later shamed for wearing. But that was from research as well. We read that the queen had pierced nipples and that the dress was almost low enough that you could maybe see them."
Comer adds, "There was one painting of her that, over time, was completely worn out, just because of time and everything else. It was just the bare minimum description of who she was. That was really sad. But what's so amazing about Nicole and what Nicole has brought to the piece is this sense of imagination. Really embracing the kind of freedom that gave her. We knew who this woman was generally by the way she spoke out in the time in which she was living in."
Holofcener adhered to historical fact in terms of how Marguerite spoke, what she did and how she behaved, but the rest is a dramatization. Comer brought that sense of history into her performance as well, recognizing what was and wasn't acceptable for women of the time.
"When you're doing scenes where you really want to fight back with Carrouges and tell him what it is you really think, you have to go, 'Hang on a minute, would she do this?'" Comer recalls. "Her husband is abusive — what would be the consequences of this? When would she choose to speak out in this way? It was really trying to understand those types of dynamics and her place within the home and in society."
Dramatizing the Pivotal Crime
Adam Driver as Jacques Le Gris in "The Last Duel."
(Jessica Forde / 20th Century Studios)
The greatest departure from Jager's book comes during the rape itself. According to court documents and testimony, Le Gris' accomplice, Adam Louvel (Adam Nagaitis), participated in the rape. The pair of men tied Marguerite down and physically beat her. While the film's version, which only involves Le Gris, is brutal to watch, the reality was far rougher, leaving Marguerite with tangible marks of the crime. The screenwriters changed the scene to allow for more nuance.
"Ultimately, that [would have been] a movie about a courtroom evidence drama," Affleck explains. "Like, 'I couldn't have gotten there. I would have had to have taken this many horses, and I didn't have time to get back.' It would have become about whether or not it could have been him, or it must have been somebody else. It was the equivalent of a kind of forensics case."
Damon adds, "It was the case about one very evil man doing something everybody recognized was evil. Rather than this idea of somebody, through the lens of their own experience and acculturation, not understanding their behavior. Not understanding the effect they were having on someone else. Which, to us, was more interesting and, to us, ultimately made it more about an examination of an entire system that was assaulting this woman from the moment she was born."
From a practical perspective, pulling back on the brutality of the moment was also essential for simply getting the audience to sit through the scene. By taking away the witness and some challenging details, like Le Gris stuffing his hat into Marguerite's mouth, the filmmakers were able to more fully explore the notion that Le Gris believed his actions were just.
"In the book, Le Gris does say he was in love with her," Holofcener says. "That's the research we did and the legend of the story — he thought he was in love with her and did not rape her. And yet he raped her so brutally in history, in the truth, so badly there would be no doubt. He had a witness. She probably had strangle marks. I came in after Matt and Ben decided to do it this way, but they wanted to make it a little more gray. So in his deluded sense of pride, Le Gris could believe it was consensual. And clearly it wasn't."
Reconstructing the Historic Duel
Adam Driver, left, as Jacques Le Gris, and Matt Damon, as Jean de Carrouges, face off in "The Last Duel."
(Patrick Redmond / 20th Century Studios)
In Jager's book, the detailed description of the duel between Le Gris and Carrouges, held on Dec. 29, 1386, was drawn from several sources. The film's version of the brutal fight is a more cinematic variation on what Jager reconstructed in his book, but it's reasonably close to what may have transpired.
"There were three chroniclers who gave detailed accounts of the sword phase of the fight, and they have slightly different accounts of how Carrouges managed to get Le Gris on the ground," Jager says. "Did Le Gris stumble? Or did he trip? Or did Carrouges — according to one account — grab him by the helmet and throw him down? … One of the chroniclers talks about an opening joust, but I had to elaborate a little bit on how a joust like that would unfold with lances broken. Eventually, you have the two men on the ground, fighting with hand weapons rather than lances."
In reality, the duel would have been decided by two main factors: the weight of the fighters' armor and how quickly these relatively old men grew tired. Ultimately, Carrouges' victory was a result of Le Gris being literally unable to get up. Scott and the film's stunt coordinator used the outline of the actual combat to create something slightly more exciting for the screen.
"[Jager] does a pretty meticulous description of it, but it's a decidedly uncinematic duel," Damon notes. "Just in what they were wearing. We would have looked like two tin cans. Which we talked about, but it just became so absurd."
Affleck adds, "It hinged on the weight on the armor and the fact that once you fell, you couldn't get up and you were like a trapped lobster. We gave Ridley, 'This is what took place.' Because it was such a famous event, there was a record. We gave this great filmmaker the opportunity to dramatize the essence of it and make it compelling to an audience, rather than do literally what happened."
Driver's final line, where, as Le Gris, he declares his innocence, is in the historic record. Damon and Affleck took the dialogue directly from Jager's book. It's a moment that underscores the timely nature of the film's message: that we cannot be blind to the perspectives of others.
"Does he truly believe his innocence at the end?" Affleck reflects of Le Gris. "They took the idea of damnation seriously. They were very religious. That was at the root of everything. And that's one of the things we didn't focus as much on: They truly believed God would make happen whatever was the fair thing to happen, so it would be God's will. And for him to have to invoke that at the moment of his death and to protest his innocence [is interesting]. This man who has done something horrible and doesn't understand it. He doesn't even recognize it. That resonates. Are we seeing how others experience things?"
Asserting the Truth
Jodie Comer as Marguerite de Carrouges in "The Last Duel."
The final chapter of the film, told from Marguerite's perspective, refers to itself as "the truth." But while that section of the story by necessity contains the most dramatization, Jager says he does support the filmmakers' conclusion.
"From an absolute philosophical point of view, nobody but Jacques Le Gris and Marguerite and those who were in the room know the truth," Jager says. "But the overwhelming likelihood is that she was telling the truth. Her story is detailed and persuasive, and she ran such a great risk to speak up at a time when women were supposed to keep silent about such things. I think the film makes the right choice [in portraying her story]."
Comer agrees. "For me, why would a woman speak out and say this when her life was at risk?" the actress says. "What does she have to gain from that? She has nothing to gain. She has everything to lose. So there was just no doubt for me that this woman was telling the truth. I know that was the same for everyone who was coming toward this project."
For Affleck and Damon, "The Last Duel" was an opportunity to not only depict a compelling historical event but to reflect on how traces of that system of patriarchy linger today. By unequivocally believing Marguerite, the screenwriters offer that same sense of empathy to all women who follow her.
"It incumbent on us to be good people, to overcome that and to see more broadly and with empathy," Affleck says. "With the understanding that your truth may not be somebody else's truth. There's a certain arrogance rooted in that assumption. And that's ultimately why this version of the movie is more interesting to us than a movie where you prove 'Well, based on the evidence, he did it,' and either you're a monstrous villain or you're wrongfully accused."
UTIs in men? It happens. Here are 10 things to know
Los Angeles Central Library's map librarian Glen Creason takes a new route: retirement
Maggie Gyllenhaal is over the 'spoonful of sugar BS,' and 'The Lost Daughter' is proof
Formula Queima Gordura
Logitech's new 'Pen' is a rechargeable stylus for classroom Chromebooks | Engadget
Opinion: Philadelphia's homicide surge sends a national message
COVID killed droves of Indian health workers. Their families must fight for recompense
Analysis: Putin and Biden are caught in a high-stakes gamble over Ukraine
Hugh Grant spent hours spiraling down 'The Undoing' Twitter feeds
Skyhorse Publishing picks up Blake Bailey's 'Philip Roth: The Biography'
'Pennywise: The Story of It' Documentary Explores Making of Tim Curry's Monster Clown
Disney+ surpasses 100 million subscribers, a bright spot amid pandemic
Kobe Bryant's Promising, Unfulfilled Entertainment Industry Legacy
What's on TV Wednesday: 'SEAL Team' on CBS; NFL football on NBC
Sony Music Breaks From Exclusive China Licensing Agreement to Sign with Both Tencent and NetEase
BBC Swoops on 'Marie Antoinette' From 'The Favourite' Writer Deborah Davis (EXCLUSIVE)
'Money Heist' Creators Alex Pina, Esther Martinez on 'Sky Rojo,' Netflix Spain's Most Ambitious Series to Date
RCA Records Names Sam Selolwane and Keith Rothschild Co-Heads of Promotion