According to family historian William DeLoss Love, "The name of Theophilus Whaley is familiar to every reader of early New England history. He is one of its most mysterious characters." (p. 129) His biography is deeply connected to the events of the English Civil War, particularly the trial and execution of Charles I in 1649 by William Cromwell and his Puritan constituency in Parliament.
The Whaley family (also spelled Whalley or Whale) was on the side of Parliament, and were cousins of Oliver Cromwell, the leader of the Parliamentary rebels. One prominent member of this family was Edward Whaley. He was among the fifty-nine judges who condemned Charles I to death. After his execution, Cromwell and the Puritans ruled England until 1660, when Charles, son of the executed king, was invited back from exile to become King Charles II. From then on, the judges who signed his father's death warrant were in danger, and many fled the country. Some, including Edward Whaley, came to the American colonies, where citizens hid them from the arm of English law. In the colonies there was an atmosphere of mystery and confusion surrounding these fugitive and hidden judges who were supposedly living among them. People speculated on whether a newcomer or stranger was possibly one of the fugitives.
Dr. Stiles learned that Theophilus Whaley was born in England in about 1616-22, and that he was of good descent and education. Whaley said that when he was young "he was brought up delicately and that till he was eighteen years old, he knew not what it was to want a servant to attend him with a silver ewer and knapkin whenever he wanted to wash his hands." (Stiles, p. 351) When he was about 18 years old, in 1637, he came over to Virginia, and went as an officer into the Indian wars. Then he returned to England and became "an officer in the parliament wars, and through the Protectorate, " or the reign of William Cromwell (Stiles, p. 355).
After the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Whaley returned to Virginia, "having by some action or other rendered himself obnoxious to the royalists." (Stiles, p. 355) He never said how he was involved in the events of the English Civil War, but he considered himself "a man of blood" who might be in danger from the royalists. Once back in Virginia, he married in about 1670, when he was about fifty years old. His wife, Elizabeth Mills, was a Virginian. They lived there for about ten years. Virginia records show that he was a man of some wealth and property. We don't know why the family left Virginia; possibly he began to fear that he was being pursued by English authorities there. Or they may have run into some religious difficulty; the Church of England was dominant in Virginia, and Whaley was a Baptist.
In 1679-80 the family moved to Rhode Island, and rented property on Pettaquamscutt Pond, where they built a modest cabin. There Theophilus lived a simple and retired life, supporting himself and his family largely by fishing and weaving. His neighbors soon learned that he was a man of learning, proficient in Greek, Latin, and Hebrew, and called upon him for writing documents and other such work. He was given much to study and reflection.
Dr. Stiles reported incidents that deepened the neighbors' suspicions that Theo. Whaley was perhaps one of the judges. A delegation of distinguished Bostonians visited him about once a year. The visitors "embraced him with great ardor and affection, and expressed great joy at seeing him, and treated him with great friendship and respect." These men also supplied him with means, possibly money coming from relatives in England. The neighbors who observed these visits concluded that the Bostonians knew his true identity and had known him in Boston as Edward Whaley. Another time, a British warship under the command of an officer named Whaley anchored at Naragansett Bay. The captain came ashore and visited Theophilus. The neighbors saw them greet each other warmly; it was clear that they had known each other before. The captain invited Theophilus back to his ship, but Theophilus declined. The neighbors concluded that he feared he might be betrayed by someone on the ship and deported to England for trial.
Although Theophilus's children and neighbors were all certain that he was Edward Whaley, in the end Stiles was unconvinced. He had fairly strong documentary evidence that Edward Whaley had in fact died in 1679 while in hiding, and that therefore Theophilus could not be the same man. He also pointed out that it did not make sense that Theophilus would have chosen to retain his last name and only change his first name, if he were truly trying to hide from the English authorities.
However, the mystery of his true identity still remained, and it was clear that he was hiding from something in his past. The most likely possibility that Stiles considered was that Theophilus was actually Robert Whaley, a younger brother of Edward Whaley. Robert had served during the Civil War in the regiment of Commander Hacker, who was the commanding officer at the execution of King Charles I. Presumably, Robert participated in this event as a member of the regiment. At the time of the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Hacker was executed in retribution for his role in the regicide, so it was reasonable that others in the regiment would be fearful of arrest. Robert's name disappears from English records at about the time of the restoration, and this is also the time when Theophilus appears in Virginia. So it has seemed quite possible to Stiles and to subsequent historians that Theophilus may have been Robert (Whaley, 1901). If he was involved in Charles I's execution, he may have come to regret it later. His reference to himself as a "man of blood" who "ought to mortify himself" may suggest his participation and subsequent change of heart. Other participants in the regicide are known to have lived with this haunting sense of guilt that shadowed the rest of their lives.
Whatever Theophilus's true identity, he was considered a good and pious person by his neighbors and children. Stiles (p. 352) referred to him as that "singular, good old man." He and his wife Elizabeth raised five children to adulthood, including Samuel, our direct ancestor. Theophilus spent the last years of his life "in solitude and without labor; yet his body and mind were sound to the last." After the death of his wife, about 1715, he went to live with his daughter Martha in West Greenwich. He died between 1719 and 1722, probably in the latter year, at the remarkable age of 103 years. He was buried near the home on Hopkins Hill, it is said with military honors.
The graveyard on Hopkins Hill still exists. When William DeLoss Love visited it in the early 20th century, he reported that Whaley's grave was "known but unmarked." In 1992, a local historian, Howard Goldman (p. 32), reported that the cemetery was small and overgrown, surrounded by the remains of a stone wall, and contained ancient, rough cut stones on which the inscriptions had worn off. Goldman also noted the appearance of a commemorative stone to Whaley, of modern origin. This stone must have been placed somewhere between the early 20th century, when W. D. Love visited, and the early 1990s. There are no records showing who was responsible for placing the memorial there.
Died on this hill about 1720.
Theophilus's wife, Elizabeth, was born about 1645, probably in Virginia. We know nothing about her early life. In later years she signed legal documents with her mark, often a sign that the person could not write, so she may not have received much education as a girl. She married Theophilus in about 1670, in Virginia, when she was in her mid 20s. He was much older, being nearly 50. So far as we know, this was a first marriage for both of them. They had two daughters, and possibly two more children, while in Virginia, but in 1679-80 they moved to Rhode Island, where they raised a total of five children to adulthood. They lived very modestly. According to Dr. Stiles, Theophilus lived in "poverty and obscurity, and built himself a little under-ground hut in a high bank, or side hill, at the north end or head of the pond." (p. 342).
Dr. Stiles, in interviews with descendants and acquaintances of the Whaleys, learned something of Elizabeth's character. Judge Hopkins, a grandson, remembered his grandmother as a "smart tight little woman, a mighty doctress" [a woman with medical skills] (Stiles, p. 346.) Judge Hopkins also remembered that when the couple became old, Elizabeth used to "make long visits to her daughters. . . and leave the old man to shift for himself" (p. 348). One reason she might have done this comes from an anecdote from a neighbor who knew them well.
Perhaps she stayed in the homes of her daughters because she wanted to be in a dry house. Elizabeth died in about 1715 and was buried near the church in Kingston, RI.
The Whaleys' youngest child and only son was Samuel Whaley. Samuel's granddaughter, Sarah Blanchard, married Sgt. Robert Love, the son of Adam and Mary Love, who were the subject of my last family report. From Sarah and Robert Love descended a series of male children, culminating in Olin Love, my grandfather.
On your personal Ancestor Fan, go to the outermost ring and find Levi Love. Then click here to open the Levi Love Ancestor Fan. Theophilus and Elizabeth Whaley are in the green section, fifth ring out.
Goldman, Howard A. "That Good Old Man – Whoever He Was." Old Rhode Island, vol. 2, Issue 6. July, 1992. pp. 32-40.
Love, William De Loss. Love Family History. Unpublished Manuscript. New Haven, CT, 1918. P. 129.
Stiles, Ezra. A History of Three of the Judges of King Charles I. Major-General Whalley, Major-General Goffe, and Colonel Dixwell: Who at the Restoration of 1660, Fled to America; and were Secreted and Concealed, in Massachusetts and Connecticut, for Near Thirty Years. Hartford, CT: Printed by Elisha Babcock, 1794.
Updike, Wilkins. History of the Episcopal Church in Narragansett, RI. New York: H.M. Onderdonk, 1847. Picture of the Whaley home, p. 352.
Whaley, Rev. Samuel. English Record of the Whaley Family and Its Branches in America. Ithaca, N.Y: Andrus & Church, 1901).
This entry was posted in 17th Century, Colonial Era, Love, Whaley on April 8, 2014 by Susan Whitelaw.
Adam and Mary Love, who immigrated to America in about 1730 from County Antrim, Northern Ireland, represent the beginning of our Love ancestor line in the U.S. They settled in Rhode Island, where they established a farm and raised five children to maturity, including our ancestor, the Revolutionary War veteran, Sergeant Robert Love.
The Loves were Scotch Irish. Their ancestors were part of a large relocation program instituted by King James I of England. During the early seventeenth century, he encouraged Protestants from southern Scotland to settle in northern Ireland, in order to neutralize the rebellious Irish and to counter the power of the Roman Catholic church there. A hundred years later, these Scotch-Irish, or "Ulster Scots," as they were called in England, were suffering economic hardship. Absentee English landlords aggressively pursued short-term economic returns on their Irish holdings with no regard for sustaining the productivity of the land. So, in the early eighteenth century, groups of these farmers organized themselves to immigrate to the new world.
Adam and Mary Love came to America in such a group, including Adam's brother, Gabriel, his wife, and probably other neighbors and extended family members. They were young – in their late twenties or early thirties – and had their toddler age daughter, Elizabeth, with them. Mary was pregnant with her second child, our ancestor, Robert, who was born possibly on board the ship or soon after they arrived in America.
Their destination, Rhode Island colony, had been founded by Roger Williams a century earlier, and was known for its religious toleration and acceptance of a diverse array of immigrants. We don't know if the Loves chose Rhode Island, or whether they wound up there because the neighboring colonies, Massachusetts and Connecticut, did not want them. Those colonies welcomed only Puritans from England who wanted to live in a theocratic state – in other words, immigrants who were like the people who were already there. The Loves immigrated primarily for economic reasons, not because of religious persecution. But they were no doubt aware that freedom of conscience was the bedrock on which Rhode Island was founded.
The Loves settled in central Rhode Island, in the newly established town of Coventry, about twelve miles from the Connecticut border. Adam Love started out by working for an already-established farmer in Coventry.
Colonial Rhode Islanders taking produce to market. Some of their farm products would have been sold in the colonies, and others would have been loaded on the ships seen in the background, to be transported to European markets.
By 1738 Adam and Mary had bought land and begun the back -breaking work of creating a farm. Typically, Rhode Island farmers produced apples, corn, onions, dairy products, and sheep for market as well as home use.
Adam and Mary raised to adulthood five children, three boys and two girls. When the boys were grown, their parents bought each of them a farm of their own, as was customary at the time.
Adam Love gravestone on right, Mary Love's gravestone on left.
Mary Love lived for another ten years, residing mainly on the homestead farm. During that time she had the care of the infant daughter, Olive, of her son, Robert. In an account it appears that she made charges for board and care as follows: "To keeping, bording and finding your child clothes from the year 1760 to the year 1768 five shillings per week, 84 [pounds] 0 shillings, 0 pence. To fore years boarding and cloathing of your child at two shillings per week from the year 1768 to the year 1773, 20 [pounds] 16 shillings, 0 pence", (McKillop, p. 29). It is hard to convert colonial money to the current day, but a comparison point is that Adam Love paid 2 pounds 10 shillings for a pair of shoes (McKillop, p. 27), the equivalent of two and a half months of board and care when the child was young. When Olive was eight or nine and old enough to help around the farm, the cost of her care was reduced by more than half.
Information about Mary's charges for boarding her granddaughter points to an interesting aspect of research on colonial ancestors. For Mary and Adam Love, we have records of several court actions, which have been preserved in Rhode Island since colonial times, but the records themselves don't tell us the social and legal context within which these actions occurred. So we know, for example, that Adam and Mary were "warned out" of Coventry, RI, as potential vagrants soon after they arrived there. However, we have no context in the record itself for understanding this legal action. Our first conclusion might be that they were considered undesirable residents. However, colonial towns operated under the English Poor Law, which required them to care for town residents who became destitute. To get around this, towns commonly gave a "warning out" notice to newcomers, as a legal statement that these persons were not yet residents, and so not eligible for potential Poor Law benefits.
Similarly, we know what Adam Love paid for shoes because he was sued for non-payment, but once again we have no context. So we don't know if he was trying to get away without paying the bill or if it was all a misunderstanding. The record of Mary's charges to her son for the care of his daughter also raises questions. Was this common practice at the time? Or possibly – my own theory – a legal record created so that when she died, the cost of board could be deducted from Robert's share of the inheritance. Colonial legal records give us a window into colonial life, but also leave us with unanswerable questions.
On your personal Ancestor Fan, go to Levi Love on the outermost ring. Then click here to open the Levi Love Ancestor Fan. Adam and Mary Love are in the blue section, third ring out.
www.findagrave.com for pictures of the graves.
Love, William DeLoss. Love Family History. Unpublished manuscript. Hartford, CT, about 1918.
Jones, Maldwyn. "Scotch-Irish." In Thernstrom Stephan, ed. Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. 1980.
McKillop, Dorothy, and Love, Mary Anne. Love Family History. Unpublished manuscript, Seattle and Fairfax, VA.
This entry was posted in 18th Century, Colonial Era, Love on March 16, 2014 by Susan Whitelaw.
Our Dutch ancestor, Thomas Lewis, was actually Scotch-Irish! He was born in Belfast but spent most of his life in New Amsterdam, a Dutch colony that later became New York City. He lived there during a turbulent period when the Dutch contested the territory with the Indians and the English. The Dutch founded New Amsterdam in 1626 when they purchased Manhattan Island from the Indians for 60 guilders, at about the same time that the Pilgrims were settling in Plymouth, Massachusetts. The Dutch colony grew and by the late 1650s encompassed western Long Island as well. New Amsterdam was a thriving mercantile town with strong shipping and trading interests. The population consisted of immigrants from all over Europe, particularly Holland and Great Britain, and was known for its religious tolerance. In 1664 the English captured the Dutch colony in a surprise naval attack. The Dutch recaptured the colony in 1673, but in 1674 the English re-took the area, permanently naming it New York City.
New Amsterdam as it would have been viewed by Thomas Lewis, arriving from Holland on the Blue Dove, 1656.
a 17th century Dutch tile with a blue dove pattern.
Thomas Lewis was born in Belfast, Ireland, about 1628. He immigrated to Holland with two of his sisters to avoid Cromwell's wars in Ireland. The sisters died in Holland while still young women, after which Thomas departed for New Amsterdam. He sailed in 1656, on a ship called the Blue Dove, owned by the Dutch West India Company. On the ship's register, he is listed as a carpenter; the company paid his passage in exchange for which Thomas agreed to stay in New Amsterdam for at least three years and work as a carpenter.
Lewis thrived in New Amsterdam and is mentioned in many early records, where his last name is written in Dutch form as Lodowycksen or Lievens. He went first to Albany, where he served out his term as a carpenter. After working off his obligation to the Dutch West India Company, he left carpentry to become a mariner. He married Geesje Barnets, a descendant of Dutch immigrants, in about 1661, and in 1663 he moved to New Amsterdam with his wife and one child. It is through Geesje, and Dutch brides of subsequent male Lewis descendants, that we trace our Dutch ancestry.
Pictured: a sloop, developed by the Dutch in Bermuda, displaying its typical triangular sails. 17th c. woodcut.
Also in 1663, Thomas Lewis served in the second Esopus Indian War, a conflict between Dutch farmers in Ulster County, up the Hudson River from New Amsterdam, and the Esopus Indians. By now he owned a boat, called a sloop, with which he transported troops to the battle site. Governor Peter Stuyvesant also used the sloop as his headquarters during the war.
Thomas Lewis prospered in the shipping business. He travelled around the New York coast, and went at least as far south as Virginia, to bring tobacco back to New York. He seems to have lived a colorful and event-filled life New Amsterdam, which at the time was essentially a frontier town. Court records of 1665 that mention him (usually as Thomas Lodowycx) give a flavor of life at that time.
Current statue of Peter Stuyvesant, Governor of New Amsterdam, in New York City.
He was called into court for having been "out playing on the 13th of the month, being Sunday, contrary to the Placard." He admitted he had been, but as he was not aware of any ordinance to the contrary, he was excused.
On another court appearance that same day, "'Thomas Lodowycx, boatman' stated that 'when he went last to the South River he took an anker of brandy on freight from Capt Backer to deliver to Pieter de Rangiere.' De Rangiere sent it back two hours later, saying it was half water. 'He was thus obliged to bring the same back here, which he did and brought it back to said Backer, who refused to receive it, as he said, it was good brandy, which he himself brought on board. He requests therefore that the Court would order that he should do with it, inasmuch as he and all his crew will make oath, that the same was not adulterated by them.'" The court ordered him to pay Capt. Backer four beavers and costs for the brandy.
These court records reflect the frontier atmosphere of commercial transactions at the time. As the years went on, New York society became more stable and law-abiding. In 1668 Thomas and Geesje Lewis bought a house on William Street, adjoining Hanover Square, where they lived for the rest of Thomas's life. They joined the Dutch Reformed Church, where all their children were baptized, except the first, who had been born in Albany.
Although Thomas Lewis never returned to Belfast, he maintained contact with relatives there, and his oldest son, Lodowick, spent time there as a young man.
Thomas Lewis died Sept. 28, 1684. He left his widow, Geesje, and five children, Lodowick, Barent, Leonard (our ancestor), Catharine, and Thomas. After his death, his widow became a baker and lived with her daughter, Catharine. The exact date of her death is not known, but it was somewhere between 1720 and 1725. At the time of her death, all her children were also deceased except for our direct ancestor, Leonard.
We know quite a bit about our earliest Lewis ancestor to come to the New World, mainly from two journals: the New York Genealogical and Biological Record (Vol. LX, No. 2, New York, April, 1929), the source of all quoted material included here; and Lewisiana or the Lewis Letter, published in New York in the early 20th century.
Two mariners on a Bermuda sloop. Dutch 17th c. tile.
On your personal Ancestor Fan, go to Adonijah Lewis, in the outermost ring. Then, click here to open the Adonijah Lewis Ancestor Fan. Thomas and Geesje Lewis are in the outermost ring. Below is a brief biography of each person in the line of descent from Thomas and Geesje Lewis to present day Whitelaws.
Thomas Lewis (b. 1628 Belfast, Ireland, d. 1684, New York City.) See above.
Col. Leonard Lewis (b. New Amsterdam, d. 1730, Poughkeepsie, New York). He followed his father's footsteps as a merchant and community leader. In 1692 he served in an expedition against the French in Mohawk country. In 1696 he was elected alderman from the East Ward in New York City and served several terms. He was a member of the Colonial Assembly from New York County from 1699 to 1701. He became a large property owner, buying into the Hardenburg Patent that included parts of several counties in New York and was owned by his descendants for several generations. In 1710 he moved to Poughkeepsie, and represented Dutchess County in the Colonial Assembly from 1713-1726. He was a judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He married Elizabeth Hardenbergh (b. about 1668, Albany, NY), of Dutch descent, in 1688 in Albany. They had eleven children.
Leonard Lewis (b. about 1707, Poughkeepsie, NY, d. about 1759). He married Rachel Swarthout, of Dutch descent, in 1747, with whom he had three children. He died before his mother, and therefore did not inherit any of the property left by his wealthy father, and was unable to leave an inheritance for his children.
Corporal Leonard Lewis (b. about 1748, in NY, d. in 1817). He resided in Lewisburgh, Ulster County, across the Hudson from Poughkeepsie. He enlisted in the Revolutionary army in 1778, and served with General Washington at Valley Forge and elsewhere. He served for nine months and was promoted to Corporal. His service record and line of descent to us is verified in the records of the Daughters of the American Revolution. He married Hannah (surname unknown) in 1766, in Lewisburgh. They had four children.
Adonijah Lewis (b. about 1780, Lewisburgh, NY, d. 1839, Plattekill, NY.) He was a farmer. He married Huldah Nye (B. 1781, Mass., d. after 1850, Hartland, Livingston, MI) in 1803 in New York. The couple had ten children. Huldah descended from the Nyes of Sandwich, Massachusetts, about whom I have written in an earlier post. Adonijah wrote an extensive will, listing all his household and farm equipment, which still exists in Ulster County Probate Court records. After his death, his widow, Huldah, moved to Michigan with her younger children, where she joined her older children who had moved there earlier.
Adna Lewis (b. 1820, New York, d. 1884, Burlington, Calhoun, MI). Adna, a farmer, married Rachel Freer (b. 1823, New Paltz, NY, d. 1920, Athens, Calhoun, MI). They immigrated to Michigan in 1850, living first on a farm near Lansing and then to Burlington, in south western Michigan. The couple had six children.
Hanna Lewis Love (b. 1854, Hartland Township, MI, d. 1946, Los Angeles, CA.) Hannah spent her childhood on her father's farm in Burlington, Michigan. She married George Love (b. 1850, MI, d. 1918, Turlock, CA) in 1874, in Calhoun County, Michigan, where they ran a farm. They immigrated to Woodburn, Oregon in about 1905 with four of their five children, all adults. In about 1912 the family immigrated to Livingston, California. After George's death in 1918, Hannah lived near her children in Los Angeles and Livingston.
Olin Love (b. 1886, Burlington, MI, d. 1930, Portland, OR). He was raised in Michigan and moved to Woodburn as a young man. He married Mabel Goulet (b. 1889, Woodburn, OR, d. 1963, Portland, OR) in 1910 in Woodburn, and they had one child. He worked mainly as a travelling salesman in Oregon, Washington, and California for a stock feed company. He died unexpectedly from complications resulting from ulcer surgery.
Alvis Love Whitelaw (b 1911, Woodburn, OR, d. 1997, Royal Oak, MI.) She married John Whitelaw (b. 1911, Lawrence, KS, d. 1974, Portland, OR) in 1938 in Salem, Oregon. She lived most of her life in Portland, Oregon, and worked as a social worker in Portland. Before marriage and again when in her 60s she worked for the state public welfare department as an administrator and consultant to counties all over the state. She and John had three children. In her later retirement years, she moved to Michigan to be near her daughters.
This entry was posted in 17th Century, Colonial Era, Lewis and tagged New Amsterdam on November 10, 2013 by Susan Whitelaw.
Sixty people walked together 100 miles from Saugus (now Lynn, Mass.) to an area in the wilderness where they would create Sandwich.
We have ancestral links to its founding. Two of our ancestors, Edward Dillingham and Thomas Tupper, are among the "ten men of Saugus," and two others, Deborah Wing and Benjamin Nye, were among the original 60 families. Evidence of their habitation there still exists and can be viewed by visitors to Cape Cod.
Although the main purpose of the new town was to create economic opportunity through farming and fishing, the town also became an arena where religious differences were fought out.
The Quakers started arriving in New England in the 1640s and were severely persecuted by the authorities, who objected to tenets of their religion and also their refusal to pay church taxes. Quakers risked public whippings, imprisonment, banishment, steep fines, and some possibility of execution for practicing their religion, even though they had come to New England for the same reason that the Puritans had – to live in a place free of English oppression. The leaders of the Bay Colony also punished citizens who in any way aided the Quakers, and prohibited people from listening to them preach.
Sandwich from its founding was less rigid in religious matters than other New England towns. When the Quakers started to arrive, they found people in Sandwich who were sympathetic and interested. However, the toleration for Quakers did not extend to officials of the town or of the Colony of which they were a part. Individuals who sympathized with or aided the Quakers were subject to stiff fines and imprisonment.
The first Quaker meeting in America was established in Sandwich in 1658, with a congregation of 17 families. It was not allowed to meet in town, but met covertly in a wilderness about a mile away, now called 'Christopher Hollow.' This area still exists and is open to tourists.
The Dillingham and Wing families are a part of the Quaker history of Sandwich. Edward and Ursula Dillingham, both born in Cottesbach, Leicestershire, England, came to America in about 1635 with three children, settling first at Saugus, and then becoming a founding family of Sandwich. Edward Dillingham was a farmer, and served on many juries, commissions and boards until his death in about 1667. He was part of the climate of opinion in Sandwich which was open to the ideas of the Quakers, and in 1657 he came into conflict with the civil authorities of the town: "he was arrested and admonished for showing sympathy with the Quakers, and for 'speaking approbriesly to the cunstables deputie of Sandwich was admonished and cleared.'" The Dillinghams became Quakers themselves, and were early members of the Quaker meeting in Sandwich. Their descendants were active in this meeting for many years.
One of the Dillingham daughters, Oseath, married Stephen Wing, also a Sandwich resident. Stephen's mother, Deborah Batchiler Wing, was the widow of a Puritan minister, John Wing. After her husband died in England, she came to New England with her four sons. She was among the 60 people who walked 100 miles from Saugus, Mass. to the wilderness which would become Sandwich in 1637.
Our Sandwich ancestors the Tuppers and Nyes did not become Quakers. Thomas and Anne Tupper were among the original settlers of Sandwich, arriving from Saugus in 1637. Born in Sussex, England, Thomas made several voyages to America in the 1620s, working as a ship's carpenter. He was one of the original ten founders of Sandwich, settling there with his third wife, Anne, and two children by a previous marriage. Sandwich was without a settled minister for many years, and Thomas acted as a lay minister for the church. He also served on various juries, boards, and commissions, and was involved in missionary work with the Indians. He accrued large landholdings and was a wealthy citizen by the time he died in 1676.
These Sandwich families are of interest to us because they are among our earliest ancestors in America. Their history reveals a Quaker strain that runs through our ancestry, and also shows a family tradition of religious toleration. It is intriguing that two of the homes of our ancestors are still standing in Sandwich, along with street names, markers, cemeteries, and other places, which were part of the lives of these early American relatives. It is still possible today to visit Cape Cod and get in closer touch with these ancestors.
On your personal Ancestor Fan, go to Hulda Nye on the outermost rim. Then, click here to open the Hulda Nye Ancestor Fan.
2. John H. Dillingham, The Society of Friends in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, New York. H.W. Blake & Co., 1891, p. 1.
4. Robert Charles Anderson, The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, Volumes I-III (Online database: NewEnglandAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2002.
5. Conway P. Wing, A Historical and Genealogical Register of John Wing, of Sandwich, Mass. New York: The De Vinne Press, 1888. Pp. 37-47; 53-55.
This entry was posted in 17th Century, Colonial Era, Dillingham, Nye, Tupper, Wing and tagged Massachusetts, Sandwich on December 3, 2008 by Susan Whitelaw.
As the series on John Adams, second President of the United States, begins tomorrow on HBO, I thought you would be interested to know that we are – distantly and collaterally – related to this prominent historical figure.
We share with John Adams the ancestors Henry Adams and his wife, Edith Squire, puritans who immigrated to the United States in 1638, during the "Great Migration" of puritans from England to New England. Henry Adams was born in about 1583 in Barton St. David, Somersetshire, England, to a family of yeoman farmers. President Adams claimed that Henry Adams "took flight from the dragon persecution in England" but there is no record of any action taken against him (Bartlett, p. 65). The family immigrated with eight of their nine children, settling in Braintree, Massachusetts, now Quincy. A memorial plaque to Henry Adams, as the ancestor of two American Presidents, John Adams and John Quincy Adams, is on the wall of the nave of the Church of Barton David.
One of their sons, Joseph (1626-1694), was the great-grandfather of President John Adams. Another son, Samuel Adams, is our direct ancestor.
On your personal Ancestor Fan, find Eunice Waldo, on the outermost ring. Click here to open the Eunice Waldo Ancestor Fan. Samuel Adams is on the outermost ring, in the blue section. In case you were wondering about all those Waldo ancestors – yes, we are also distantly related to Ralph Waldo Emerson.
J. Gardner Bartlett, (1927) Henry Adams of Somersetshire, England and Braintree, Mass. Privately Printed, New York.
Waldo Lincoln (1901) Genealogy of the Waldo Family. Press of Charles Hamilton: Worcester, Mass.
This entry was posted in 17th Century, 18th Century, Adams, Colonial Era, Love, Revolutionary War on March 14, 2008 by Susan Whitelaw.


text:
A weekly window on the American political scene hosted by Liz Marlantes.
Did Warren win the first debate – or get herself in trouble? Maybe both.
Saying she would eliminate private health insurance may win progressive votes for Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren – but could alienate moderates.
Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., gestures during the Democratic primary debate hosted by NBC News at the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, June 26, in Miami, as Sen. Cory Booker, D-N.J., listens.
By Jessica Mendoza Staff writer
@_jessicamendoza
By most accounts, Round One of the two-part Democratic primary debates was The Elizabeth Warren Show.
True, there were fireworks between the two Texans over immigration. Some lower-tier candidates managed to pull off brief attention-getting moments. New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker may have done himself some good with an impassioned response on the issue of guns.
But the senator from Massachusetts, who has been climbing in the polls in recent months, came in as the frontrunner among the first night's contenders – and appeared to leave with her position more or less intact. She impressed members of the progressive advocacy group Indivisible, a majority of whom picked her as their favorite in a flash poll conducted right after Wednesday night's debate. Political observers noted that she set the tone from the start, crisply articulating her ideas about corporate greed and corruption, and demonstrating that she was, as Vox co-founder Matthew Yglesias put it, "ready for primetime."
On the other hand, many say she also took a big risk when, in what could prove to be the night's most pivotal moment, she said she would eliminate private health insurance in favor of a government-run system. "I'm with Bernie [Sanders] on Medicare for All," Senator Warren said.
Overhauling the U.S. healthcare system is popular among liberals, but doesn't sell well with the general public. Ending private health insurance is a particular sticking point, as 70% of the roughly 181 million Americans who get coverage through their employers say they're satisfied with their plans. Most Democrats – including eight of the 10 onstage Wednesday night – prefer a public option, or other incremental ways to expand single-payer health care that wouldn't blow up the current system.
Senator Warren's position, which represents a shift from her take back in March, could leave her vulnerable in the general election – which could also turn off Democratic voters, most of whom want to choose a nominee with the best chance of beating President Donald Trump.
"Warren ventured boldly, perhaps foolishly, onto a shaky limb," left-leaning political commentator Jonathan Chait writes for New York Magazine. "She may have just filmed the most effective attack ad against herself."
Politics with respect
Get political stories with respectful analysis
We'll see tonight whether former Vice President Joe Biden – or any of the other candidates debating in Round Two – take it upon themselves to draw that distinction more clearly.
Let us know what you're thinking at csmpolitics@csmonitor.com.
Politics Watch As Trump Show heads into Season Two, will we still want to watch?
Politics Watch Biden stays above the pack – and aims fire at Trump
Politics Watch As 2020 field balloons, Democrats struggle to emerge from pack

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Bold Ventures Amends Wilcorp Gold Project Option Agreement - Bold Ventures Inc.
Toronto, Ontario, November 8, 2016 – Bold Ventures Inc. (BOL:TSX.V) ("Bold Ventures" or the "Company") is pleased to announce that the terms of the Wilcorp Option Agreement have been amended. The agreement now provides for an annual payment of $8,000 per year to explore four patented mining claims. At any time the company may exercise the option to purchase these patented claims outright for a cash payment of $100,000. Should this option be taken up the property will be subject to a 2% NSR in favour of the vendor. Half of the NSR (1%) may be purchased by Bold at any time for a cash payment of $500,000. Bold retains a right of first refusal on the remaining 1% NSR. Should Bold fail to make the optional payments described above then the four patented claims and one contiguous mineral claim, which make up the Wilcorp Gold Project will be transferred to the vendor of the patented claims. The mineral claim is subject to a 1% NSR in favour of the original vendor of that claim.
For more information concerning the Wilcorp Project and/or Bold Ventures Inc., please visit www.boldventuresinc.com or contact Bold Ventures Inc. at 416-864-1456.


I'm going to have to ask you to try very hard not to let the gorgeous dog in today's home distract you from all the other great things going on inside it. The home (and dog) belong to Tara and Danny Solberg, who own homewares store Few and Far in Huskisson, NSW.
Clearly the great eye they have for picking popular items for their store comes in handy at home too! How great is that velvet lounge?
They designed the house on Manyana Beach themselves and are continually updating it with new from their overseas sourcing trips. They opened Few and Far in 2009 after a lengthy renovation of the store on the South Coast near Jervis Bay. Travelling the world as designers, it was their dream to bring home all the beautiful things they saw, and this way they get to share them with other people.
I love how the couple have taken a modern home with a simple, white canvas and plenty of natural light, and injected so much colour, personality and texture into it, successfully combining different styles and materials.
It's really only in the kitchen and bathrooms that you're reminded that this is a very new home.
And of course we must mention that they live here with their beautiful Newfoundland, Keelah.
What do you think of this home? I love it!
Absolutely beautiful home – great story Jen! You forgot to mention how divine they both are! We love Few and Far – and Indigo Love – and we love that we both share Gemma!!
Stunning home Tara & Danny – I could move right in!


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home // Researchers // Study Tracker //
Fluoride exposure from infant formula and child IQ in a Canadian birth cohort.
Author: Till C, Green R, Flora D, Hornung R, Martinez-Miller EA, Blazer M, Farmus L, Ayotte P, Muckle G, Lanphear B.
Journal Name: Environment International
Publish Date: January 2020
Volume/Page: 134:105315. [Pre-published Nov 16, 2019]
Type: Human Study
Categories: Brain, Cognitive Function, Total Body Burden, Sources of Exposure, Tissue F Levels, Breast Milk, Infant Formula/Foods, Fluoridation
Consumption of formula reconstituted with fluoridated water can lead to excessive fluoride intake.
Breastfed infants receive very low intake of fluoride.
We compared IQ scores in 398 children who were formula-fed versus breastfed during infancy.
IQ scores were lower with higher levels of fluoride in tap water.
The effect was more pronounced among formula-fed children, especially for nonverbal skills.
Infant consumption of formula reconstituted with fluoridated water can lead to excessive fluoride intake. We examined the association between fluoride exposure in infancy and intellectual ability in children who lived in fluoridated or non-fluoridated cities in Canada.
We examined 398 mother-child dyads in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals cohort who reported drinking tap water. We estimated water fluoride concentration using municipal water reports. We used linear regression to analyze the association between fluoride exposure and IQ scores, measured by the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligence-III at 3–4 years. We examined whether feeding status (breast-fed versus formula-fed) modified the impact of water fluoride and if fluoride exposure during fetal development attenuated this effect. A second model estimated the association between fluoride intake from formula and child IQ.
Thirty-eight percent of mother-child dyads lived in fluoridated communities. An increase of 0.5 mg/L in water fluoride concentration (approximately equaling the difference between fluoridated and non-fluoridated regions) corresponded to a 9.3- and 6.2-point decrement in Performance IQ among formula-fed (95% CI: -13.77, -4.76) and breast-fed children (95% CI: -10.45, -1.94). The association between water fluoride concentration and Performance IQ remained significant after controlling for fetal fluoride exposure among formula-fed (B = -7.93, 95% CI: -12.84, -3.01) and breastfed children (B = -6.30, 95% CI: -10.92, -1.68). A 0.5 mg increase in fluoride intake from infant formula corresponded to an 8.8-point decrement in Performance IQ (95% CI: -14.18, -3.34) and this association remained significant after controlling for fetal fluoride exposure (B = -7.62, 95% CI: -13.64, -1.60).
Exposure to increasing levels of fluoride in tap water was associated with diminished non-verbal intellectual abilities; the effect was more pronounced among formula-fed children.
Related Studies :
Environmental Fluoride 1977 by Rose & Marier
The Associate Committee on Scientific Criteria for Environmental Quality was established by the National Research Council of Canada in response to a mandate provided by the Federal Government to develop scientific guidelines for defining the quality of the environment. The concern of the NRC Associate Committee is strictly with scientific
Sulfur Hexafluoride: Summary of Use during Lactation.
Drug Levels and Effects No published experience exists with sulfur hexafluoride during breastfeeding. Because the half-life of the agent is about 10 minutes and absorption of the drug by the infant is unlikely. If sulfur hexafluoride is required by the mother, it is not a reason to discontinue breastfeeding.[1] Because of
Cognitive impairment and risk factors in elderly people living in fluorosis areas in China
Residents living in fluorosis areas generally experienced long-term exposure to excessive fluoride in drinking water. The adverse effects of high fluoride levels on the nervous system have been studied; however, the effect of fluoride exposure on cognitive functions of elderly people in fluorosis areas is rarely reported. This study was
The safe exposure level to fluoride in pregnancy.
Three studies have now examined the safe exposure level to fluoride in pregnancy using benchmark dose analysis. In 2016, Hirzy et al. found that, for a benchmark response (BMR) of 1 IQ point, the lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose (BMDL) was a daily intake of approximately 0.27 mg/day,
Arsenic and fluoride co-exposure through drinking water and their impacts on intelligence and oxidative stress among rural school-aged children of Lahore and Kasur districts, Pakistan.
Arsenic (As), and fluoride (F-) are potent contaminants with established carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic impacts on the exposed populations globally. Despite elevated groundwater As and F- levels being reported from various regions of Pakistan no biomonitoring study has been reported yet to address the co-exposure impact of As and F- among
Related FAN Content :
NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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MILLER, S.D. – The Fabric Inn, a fabric and craft store located in Miller, S.D., was approved for a MicroLOAN by the South Dakota Development Corporation (SDDC). Marla Bertsch, who recently bought the business, will use the funds to purchase new and existing inventory, fixtures and equipment. Bertsch plans to expand the product line to include craft paints, general craft items and offer sewing, quilting and craft classes.
"Small businesses like The Fabric Inn are vital to not just our rural economy, but our state's economy, too," said Robert Fouberg, SDDC chairman. "We provide working capital, equipment and real estate financing, tools with which many small businesses need some assistance. In addition, reasonable, fixed, long-term interest rates allow for greater operational flexibility and make more capital available to grow the business and add jobs throughout South Dakota."
Bertsch says an open house and ribbon cutting event is planned for the end of August.
For more information about the MicroLOAN program and other financing and incentive programs offered through the GOED, visit www.sdreadytowork.com/finance.


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The Best JRPG for Beginners (Japanese Role Playing Games)
|In Anime Inspired Video Games
While role playing games are popular all over the world, Japan has such a unique take on the computer RPG genre that they are referred to as "JRPGs". Unlike Western RPGs, JRPGs often don't let players shape every aspect of their character. They are strongly story-focused and there isn't much scope for doing things your own way. What these games do offer is plenty of grinding for XP and colorful, wonderful worlds with amazing art design.
If you love playing with character statistics, exploring fantastical worlds, and doing it within that unique anime aesthetic, then JRPGs might really be for you. It can, however, be an incredibly dense and complicated video game genre to get into, so here are five titles which I think are perfect for those new to JRPGs.
Chrono Trigger (SNES, PS1, DS, Android, iOS)
This game is not only a great way to enter the world of classic JRPGs, it also happens to be seen as one of the best JRPGs ever. Period.
Chrono Trigger originally came out for the Super Nintendo (the Super Famicom in Japan), but since then it has been ported to just about every platform. Chances are that you can go onto your phone's app store right now and find a version of the game to play immediately.
I would recommend that you play the Playstation 1 or Nintendo DS versions of the game if possible, since these are the versions of the game that come with those wonderful fully-animated cutscenes. But even if you play a version without that update you'll still experience one of the most charming and fun adventures to grace any gaming system.
If the art style of the game looks familiar, that's because the characters were designed by the same guy who did the art for both the Dragon Quest games AND Dragon Ball Z. In fact, Toriyama is the creator of the ultra-popular Dragon Ball franchise.
Chrono Trigger tells the story of Chrono (or whatever you name him), who gets pulled through a time portal and has to fight his way through several eras in order to change a seemingly inevitable apocalyptic future. Despite its age, Chrono Trigger still feels pretty fresh today and I still play it whenever the mood strikes me. It's not hard to get into, but it can be tough to really master. The challenge curve is just right for those who want to try an old-school JRPG without being brutally beat down.
Persona 4 Golden (VITA)
This was originally a Playstation 2 release and really brought the Persona series to mainstream attention. The Persona games are themselves a spinoff of the Shin Megami Tensei series – a truly hardcore RPG series that I wouldn't recommend to most people.
Persona games focus on more than just grinding for loot and XP in a dungeon. The games are usually split between the normal, mundane social world of the teenage protagonists and a hidden world of spirits and monsters.
The first three Persona games were also pretty great, but they still carried some of the hardcore elements of Shin Megami Tensei with them. Persona 4 is widely seen as the best and most popular title in the series and it was re-released on the Vita with quite a few refinements and some extra content.
I guess I should really be recommending Persona 5, which has just come out for modern consoles, but number four still feels like the more classic tale. You play a young man who moves to a new town to live with your uncle and his daughter. Your uncle is a police detective and there have been a spate of murders. People disappear for a while and then turn up dead in the strangest places. It turns out that they are somehow being sucked into a strange TV world, accessible by passing through a TV screen when the time and place is right. You have to put together a team of allies and rescue these victims before they are killed. Ultimately you need to figure out why all of this is happening.
Persona 4 really is great. If you don't have access to a Vita or PS TV, then you might as well go with Persona 5, but otherwise don't hesitate. Also, don't be tempted by the original PS2 version. The refinement and extra content make this the definitive experience.
Final Fantasy (Various)
Final Fantasy is a huge name in the JRPG world. It's one of the big franchises and as I write this we're on number fifteen when it comes to main numbered entries. Yeah, there's not much final about this fantasy, folks.
Final Fantasy games don't have to be played in order. They aren't sequential. Each tells a self-contained story and is usually set in completely different worlds, with some exceptions. When there is a Final Fantasy direct sequel, it will list the main number first and then the sequel number. For example, we have Final Fantasy 13, 13-2, and 13-3.
The reason I haven't actually specified a specific numbered entry as my recommendation is because there are plenty of accessible Final Fantasies to choose from. The very first game and its sequel are only worth playing out of a sense of curiosity, to be honest. The best game in the series is widely considered to be number seven, although I personally don't like it much.
Square Enix, the studio that owns the series today, has re-released many of the titles, giving them a minor makeover and improving some features. For example, the PS2 title Final Fantasy 12 got an excellent PS4 remake. The progression system was simplified and the game got a fast-forward option that recognizes people no longer have 100 hours to grind XP anymore. If you want more modern graphics and decent voice acting, 12 is the way to go right now.
If you don't mind a more classic feel, then the re-release of IX is also great and has new features to make life easier for new players. Of the 2D Final Fantasies I would recommend number six. Great story, and the gameplay still feels fairly modern compared to the series as a whole. My favorite? It's number eight, but it hasn't aged all that well, so here's holding thumbs for a remake of that one.
Dragon Quest 8: Journey of the Cursed King (PS2, iOS, 3DS)
Dragon Quest is another giant in the JRPG world. Since 1986 there have been 11 main-series titles, not counting all the spinoffs. The last game came out in 2017, but Dragon Quest 8 is still seen as one of the best titles of them all.
In many ways Dragon Quest games tend to stick to the basics of being a JRPG. The stories are pretty straightforward and they don't mess too much with fanciful combat systems. Dragon Quest 8 didn't shake that up much, but garnered fans and admirers thanks to a good yarn told well via pretty cel-shaded graphics and charming Toriyama character designs.
There's a king and a princess, both whom have been cursed by the main villain by being turned into a troll and a horse, respectively. It's a simple enough place to start an adventure. Our hero travels with the king and princess, looking for a way to lift their curse. Of course, different characters, obstacles, and motivations cross their path along the way. All in all, this is a good entry point into the world of Dragon Quest.
Fire Emblem Awakening (3DS)
Until the release of Awakening, the Fire Emblem series was very much an obscure franchise. A tough strategy-RPG hybrid, each battle plays out like a fancy game of chess. Each piece is a character that's commanded by you, the main character. A standout feature of Fire Emblem games is permanent death. If one of your characters dies during a battle, that's it. They are gone forever unless you reset the system and start the whole thing all over again.
Awakening was rather controversial among fans because it gave a "casual" option where death is not permanent, taking a lot of the tension out of the game. Don't get me wrong, you really should play Awakening with permadeath on, but if you want to be eased into this gameplay style and pace, casual mode is a good place to start.
Providing a less hardcore play mode is only one of the reasons this game became so popular; popular enough to save the franchise as a whole. Awakening also introduced the concept of marrying characters to each other and producing children who could then also be recruited when they're grown up. So now it was not only a kickass strategy RPG, it was also an excellent Waifu simulator. Building aspects of a dating sim into a sweeping fantasy epic with an addictive combat system paid off big time. Thanks to the massive financial success of Awakening we got the massive three-part epic Fire Emblem Fates. I would not recommend starting with that monster as your first go, however. Awakening is just the right size.
I put a solid 200 hours into this game on my 3DS and I'm not even particularly a fan of SRPGs. It's just a quality title that fans of both video games and anime will love.


The situation was a familiar one in Oromia.
Police shot dead an innocent civilian and the western district responded with a three-day strike.
But this was not a scene from the height of the Oromo Protests that helped sweep Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed to power earlier this year. It was in late July after he had been in office for more than three months. Shockingly, the victim in Dembi Dollo was Birhane Mamo, a pregnant mother in a late night Bajaj taxi en route to hospital to deliver her third child.
Since 2015, much Oromo anger has been directed at the federal government, but in recent months the people in western Oromia have been opposing their own regional administration. That occurred after a new struggle emerged between Oromia's ruling party and a revitalized, if still divided, Oromo Liberation Front, which sees an opportunity to regain the influence it lost over two decades ago. The predicament highlights some of the tricky ramifications of Abiy's radical opening of political space.
Last week Oromia Chief Administrator Lemma Megersa and Foreign Minister Workneh Gebeyehu travelled to Asmara for successful discussions with a holdout OLF faction led by Dawud Ibsa, who has been supported by Eritrea's government. Other OLF or former OLF elements have already returned to participate peacefully, including the Oromo Democratic Front's Lencho Leta, and senior figures Hailu Gonfa and Kamal Gechu. Abiy's aspiration is to have free and fair elections in 2020, which would present a major challenge for his Oromo party, despite the huge advantages of incumbency in Ethiopia for the four parties of the ruling multi-ethnic coalition.
The situation in Ethiopia's most populous region demonstrates the complexity and dangers lying behind an otherwise highly successful period for Oromo politics. Despite the rivalries, Oromo People's Democratic Organisation (OPDO) leader Abiy commands the federal government with passionate support across ideological and ethnic lines. And his power is partly a result of tapping into successful mobilization on the ground by youthful Qeerroo protesters supported by online activists.
But that productive convergence of interests came at a cost. Oromia's local administrations were ransacked by demonstrators and discredited for their authoritarianism, corruption and alleged subservience to the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF). Now the reconfigured OPDO government needs to control and rebuild Oromia, but at a time when the OLF and others are seizing on the destabilization. Some think the deal with Dawud could be a turning point.
"With a tendency of pushing for chaos as a bargaining mechanism from opposition Oromo political factions, there was a danger of widespread anarchy in Ethiopia, but now there is reason to hope that the situation will stabilize," said Birhanu Lenjiso, the Deputy Director of the East African Policy Research Institute.
In response to the OLF threat, OPDO firebrands started blaming the liberation front in early July, days after its terrorist designation was removed by parliament. Officials said Dawud's group— known as OLF-Shannee Gumi Sabaa, which refers to the OLF's top committees—was causing unrest and working with 'Woyane', a colloquial name for TPLF, and 'deninet', the National Intelligence and Security Services, whose influential director Getachew Assefa, a TPLF politburo member, was removed by Abiy in early June.
Many Oromo social media users support vocal OPDO officials like Milkeessaa Miidhagaa, in the same way that they backed activists such as Jawar Mohammed during the Oromo Protests. What is less clear is the affiliation of the Qeerroo protesters, a loosely networked group. Qeerroo may be supportive of OPDO reformers known as Team Lemma, Lencho Lata, the OLF, other Oromo opposition leaders like Bekele Gerba, as well as Jawar. Now opposition to the TPLF is no longer sufficient to unite, and the initial victory has been won, there is a struggle to win the hearts and minds of revolutionary Oromo youth.
Recent OPDO allegations have been about violence in West and Kellem Wollega zones that were traditionally OLF strongholds. The OLF formed in 1973 to fight for Oromo independence and was loosely allied with the TPLF in the long struggle against the Derg. But during the transitional government from 1991 to 1995 the two liberation fronts fell out and the TPLF militarily routed the OLF. Created in 1989, the OPDO was nurtured by the TPLF to run Oromia in the new multinational federation, and, until the advent of Team Lemma, never really recovered from that ignominious beginning in Oromo eyes.
In Nedjo in West Wollega, Getachew Addisuu was killed on July 2 when his house was burned. After accusations from regional officials, OLF-Shannee issued a denial and accused OPDO of blaming it to try and turn public opinion. On July 3, the federal government arrested a Qeerroo called Shanqo Solomon from Nekemte following days of celebration with OLF flags flying when the government was rallying support for the Prime Minister. After the arrest was protested, regional and federal security forces detained influential people.
Dembi Dollo, capital of Kellem Wollega, became a flashpoint after bridges were painted OLF colours and flags hung throughout the town. The Government deployed soldiers, Federal Police and Oromia police. A military truck was attacked with a grenade on the day it arrived, a resident said. On July 8, an individual fleeing friends of a man he struck with a machete in a jealous rage sought protection in the police camp. Abush Getachew, who was hoping to head to university soon, was killed in a panicked response by officers.
Security forces have been hunting the semi-legendary Abbaa Torbee, who, after issuing warnings, is said to have assassinated perhaps 20 officials responsible for repression during the protests. On July 17, they shot bank security guard Badhaasaa Tesfaaye when he queried the harassment of a shop owner. And then came the killing of Birhane.
On July 23 at around 11.30pm, she was transferring to Dembi Dollo Hospital from a clinic in Sayo Woreda. She was killed on the spot and her family injured when Oromia police shot at the taxi. The town protested in the morning and agreed a market boycott from July 26 to July 28, which was observed throughout the zone.
Now, after the Asmara deal with Dawud, there are hopes of reduced tensions. People in Dembi Dollo have already expressed cautious support. But whether peace prevails depends on the extent of fragmentation and OLF-Shannee's level of control over events on the ground. The situation elsewhere in Oromia and on its borders suggest there may well be more problems in what is a febrile and anarchic environment.
In Goba in Bale region, an argument over statues in mid-July descended into violence that killed seven, apparent evidence of tension between Orthodox Christian and Muslim communities. On July 13, a mob beat a Somali driver for Dire Dawa Mass Media Agency to death in Mieso town in West Hararghe, Tigrayans have been similarly targeted, and reports are emerging of the mass violence inflicted on the ethnic Gedeo people by Oromo in recent months. Social media was convulsed in debate over the gruesome vigilante killing of an individual in Shashemene on Aug. 12 when crowds gathered for Jawar's return. Meanwhile, the federal government took forceful action to change the leadership of Somali region, which led to more raids on the Oromo-Somali border, probably provoked by malcontents from Abdi Iley's regime. Serious fighting was already occurring between the groups around Moyale in the south.
Recognizing the struggle ahead, the OPDO plans to change its name to the Oromo Democratic Party, and an alliance with former OLF leader Lencho Leta's group looks possible. But while Abiy's big tent politics have pleased a diverse set of actors so far, his focus on national unity has alarmed some Oromo activists. Instead of inspirational rhetoric regarding Ethiopiawinet, they want, at a minimum, action on creating an autonomous Oromia in a democratic federation; structural transformation to end the unfair extraction of Oromo resources; Afaan Oromo as a federal government language; and Oromia's constitutional "special interest" in Addis Ababa/Finfinne to be appropriately defined.
The challenge for Abiy and his rebranded party is achieving those regional goals while holding a broad national coalition together.
Published under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International licence. Cite Ethiopia Insight and link prominently to this page if you republish.
Ethiopia future is on the hands of Oromo People.
I am Agaw and have families and friends in Dembi Dollo.
Social and political revendications are rights; but violences, displacements and killings of innocent people has no justifications.
Thank you! I was getting fed up with the snippets of exaggerated and often unsubstantiated information coming out of social media.
Nice observation. It may or may not be true in real situation but the analysis that you are seeing is absolutely my feeling too. Really good one.


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Rio Tinto scraps support for uranium mine
Mining giant sees shares in its uranium subsidiary cut in half upon news of withdrawal, writes Jules Gray
Rio Tinto's CEO Sam Walsh. The company has recently pulled out of a proposed expansion of an Australian uranium mine in a blow to the nuclear industry
Energy | Markets
Author: Jules Gray
The challenging period the nuclear industry has faced since 2011's Fukushima disaster has continued with the news that Rio Tinto, one of the world's largest mining companies, was pulling out of a proposed expansion of an Australian uranium mine. The news sent shares in Rio Tinto's subsidiary, Energy Resources of Australia (ERA), tumbling to nearly half of what they were at the start of the day.
The [nuclear] industry has seen a steady decline over the last few years
The industry has seen a steady decline over the last few years, accelerated by the disaster that struck Japan's nuclear power plants after a devastating tsunami struck the country. Uranium prices peaked in 2007 at $137 per pound, before collapsing to today's value of just $35 per pound, according to the FT.
ERA's operations in Australia were previously centred around the Ranger mine in the north of the country, but having exhausted resources there, the company was looking to develop another mine, Ranger 3 Deeps, nearby. However, in light of the collapse in price, ERA, which is 68 percent owned by Rio Tinto, has withdrawn its plans.
Announcing the news, Rio Tinto said that a feasibility study had shown it would not make economic sense. ""After careful consideration, Rio Tinto has determined that it does not support any further study or the future development of Ranger 3 Deeps due to the project's economic challenges."
The news also led to Rio Tinto warning investors that it might be forced to write off as much as $300m of ERA's value. "Rio Tinto is engaged with ERA on a conditional credit facility to assist ERA to fund its rehabilitation program, should additional funding be required beyond ERA's existing cash reserves and the future earnings from processing ore stockpiles."
Malaysia Airlines to 'become new company'
Renewables could overtake coal in 15 years, says IEA
Turkish mining hopes to strike gold
Miner BHP settles 15-year tax dispute with Australian authorities
Shareholders approve sale of Rio Tinto assets to Chinese-backed Yancoal
Toshiba's Westinghouse files for bankruptcy
BHP Billiton reports record loss of $6.4bn
Diamonds aren't forever? Coloured stones come into favour


In this week's episode, we take a look at a Stephen King short story most constant readers have never read. "The Reploids" has never appeared in one of King's story collections. But for good reason? That's what we're trying to figure out.


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, parfois nommée simplement Suga Kanno,  née le  à Osaka et exécutée par la justice japonaise à l'âge de  le , est une anarchiste et féministe japonaise, journaliste de profession. Elle est l'auteur d'une série d'articles sur l'oppression des genres et est une défenseuse de la liberté et de l'égalité des droits entre les hommes et les femmes.

En 1910, elle est accusée de trahison par le gouvernement japonais pour son implication supposée dans l'incident de haute trahison, une conspiration visant à assassiner l'empereur Meiji. Elle est la première femme prisonnière politique à avoir été exécutée dans l'histoire du Japon moderne.

Biographie
Née à Osaka, au Japon, Kanno Sugako perd sa mère à l'âge de dix ans. Son père se remarie. En plus d'être maltraitée par sa belle-mère, Kanno est violée à l'âge de quinze ans. Elle découvre le socialisme pour la première fois en lisant un essai sur les victimes d'abus sexuels. En 1898, à dix-sept ans, elle se marie à un homme appartenant à une famille marchande de Tokyo afin d'échapper aux mauvais traitements de sa belle-mère et ne revient à Osaka qu'en 1902.

Kanno commence ensuite à écrire pour un journal et s'engage dans le mouvement féministe chrétien qui lutte contre le système des bordels légaux. Au déclenchement de la guerre russo-japonaise en 1904, elle rejoint le mouvement pacifiste socialo-chrétien, devient, en 1906, directrice d'un journal de la préfecture de Wakayama et entame une liaison avec le meneur socialiste Kanson Arahata (1887–1981).

Elle retourne ensuite à Tokyo et participe à un rassemblement anarchiste dont les meneurs sont arrêtés lors de l'incident du drapeau rouge en . Elle est elle-même arrêtée alors qu'elle rend visite à ses amis en prison. Après sa libération deux mois plus tard, elle rencontre l'anarchiste Shūsui Kōtoku (1871–1911). Ils publient tous les deux un journal anarchiste qui est finalement interdit par les autorités et Kanno est de nouveau arrêtée.

Plus tard, sa participation supposée dans un complot visant à assassiner l'empereur Meiji est découverte. Avec vingt-trois autres personnes, Kanno est condamnée à mort. Sur ses co-condamnés, douze voient leur peine commuée en prison à vie ; les autres sont exécutés le . Kanno est pendue seule le  dans la  à Tokyo.

Dans la culture populaire
La vie de Kanno Sugako a inspiré la pièce de théâtre Kaiki Shoku (« éclipse »), produite la compagnie théâtrale Aono Jikken Ensemble et écrite par William Satake Blauvelt.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Féminisme au Japon
 Anarchisme au Japon
 Anarcha-féminisme
 Emma Goldman
 Maria Lacerda de Moura
 Voltairine de Cleyre
 Mary Wollstonecraft
 Victoria Woodhull
 Lucy Parsons

Bibliographie
 Aurélien Roulland, Sugako Kanno : les derniers mots d'une intrépide, Editions du Monde Libertaire, 2021, , 62 p.
 Stefan Anarkowic, Against the god emperor: the anarchist treason trials in Japan, Kate Sharpley Library, 1994, 40 p.
  Joseph Cronin, The Life of Seinosuke: Dr. Oishi and the High Treason Incident, White Tiger Press, 2007.
  Mikis Hane, Reflections on the Way to the Gallows: Voices of Japanese Rebel Women, Pantheon, New York, 1988.
  Toshio Itoya, Kanno Suga, Iwanami Shinsho, 740, 1970, 226 p.
  Helene Raddeker, Treacherous Women of Imperial Japan: Patriarchal Fictions, Fantasies Patricidal, Routledge, 1998.
 Sharon L. Sievers, Flowers in Salt: The Beginnings of Feminist Consciousness in Modern Japan, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1983, 67p.
  Kano Sucks et al., Under the Yoke of the State: Selected Anarchist Responses to Prison and Crime, Kate Sharpley Library, 2003, 60 p.
 Wataru Oya, Kanno Suga to Tsonokami Tsuyuko, Toho Shuppan, Osaka, 1989.

Liens externes

  John Allen Tucker, Progressive images of women in Japan in the 19th and 20h centuries, East Carolina University,  .

Anarchiste japonais
Féministe japonaise
Naissance à Osaka
Naissance en juin 1881
Décès à Tokyo
Décès en janvier 1911
Décès à 29 ans
Personne exécutée pour trahison envers le Japon
Femme japonaise exécutée
Condamné à mort exécuté au Japon au XXe siècle
Condamné à mort exécuté par pendaison
Anarchiste exécuté

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Mexico-bound adventurers return with… tales to tell
Catch that brilliant sky and that dry, dry land as Gary DeBlock zips through the desert of the southwestern U.S.. That's the landscape Rich Hamilton and Gary DeBlock traversed on their trip to the Mexican border along the Continental Divide. Photo courtesy of Rich Hamilton
The last we heard from Rich Hamilton and Gary DeBlock, the adventurous motorcyclists they were in a cliff-hanger: surrounded by howling wolves on a bitter night in Union Pass, Wyoming.
Okay. Maybe it wasn't exactly a cliff-hanger; after all, Hamilton managed to call later to regale us with the details. But the two local men certainly did have a real adventure. The wolves were real and so was the rest of their journey through high country desert and ghost towns, past antelope herds and radioactive sites. But they made it back and they have the pictures to prove it, 16 of which are published here in The Revelstoke Current.
The two men travelled more than 11,000 kilometres in their journey across the continent on a pair of KTM 640 Adventurers, which are 640cc enduro-style bikes that carry 28 litres of fuel. The bikes, which are a favourite of serious continental-scale, cross-country racers, were a great choice — "flawless, really," according to DeBlock. Hamilton said he experienced no mechanical trouble until he was waiting in the vehicle lineup to cross back into Canada at the end of his trip. "I got a flat and had to take the wheel off and hitchhike back to the nearest town to get it fixed and then hitch back before I could cross the border," he said.
In an interview at the Modern Bakery on Monday, the duo looked fit, tanned and relaxed after their odyssey.
"It was a great trip," Hamilton said. "The Americans we met were awesomely friendly."
So friendly, in fact, that at the U.S.-Mexico border, an American border patrolman saw them ride up and then came out and handed them some icy-cold Popsicles. The Mexicans at the border weren't quite as agreeable.
"The Mexicans at the border were silent," DeBlock said. "They didn't say anything except to demand 500 pesos for a visa."
But, despite their initial plans to grab a taco and beer in Mexico, the pair didn't cross the frontier.
"When we got there, the Americans told us they close the border every evening and we could be stuck in Mexico," Hamilton said. "They said we really wouldn't want to spend the night out there."
The scale of the deserts they crossed greatly impressed the two men.
"It's so desolate," DeBlock said. "Hundreds and hundreds of thousands of acres of nothing — just desert."
But there was life in the desolation. They saw herds of antelope, wild horses, donkeys and mules, birds and, of course, sage brush — lots and lots of sagebrush.
"The most prevalent plant in the U.S. has to be the sagebrush," Hamilton said. "It was everywhere as far as the eye could see."
The men endured real cold camping out at 13,000 feet, howling wolves one night in Union Pass, Wyoming, and days of riding through clouds of bitter dust in 40° C heat and a ghost town in Nevada. And then there were odd things like coming to a town in Utah which boasted an open-pit mine and radiation warning signs and, everywhere they went, people who knew about Revelstoke.
"All through the trip we met people who'd been here or who knew people here," Hamilton said. "It's such a small world."
DeBlock and Hamilton ended their trip in California and made their way separately back to the green and verdant mountains of home.
"Man, it felt good to see all that green," DeBlock said.
Here are some of the sights Hamilton and DeBlock enjoyed on their journey:
California Pass in Colorado — one of the higher points in Rich Hamilton and Gary DeBlock's adventurous trip to Mexico along the Continental Divide last month. Photo courtesy of Rich Hamilton
Rich Hamilton (left) and Gary DeBlock pose for a self-portrait somewhere in the desert. Photo courtesy of Rich Hamilton
This brick archway is one of the few signs that humans once lived in Hamilton, a once-prosperous silver town in Nevada. Photo courtesy of Rich Hamilton
One of the bikes on its side in the desert. Photo courtesy of Rich Hamilton
Now that's a lot of sagebrush! "The most prevalent plant in the U.S. has to be the sagebrush," Hamilton said in an interview. "It was everywhere as far as the eye could see." He and DeBlock were very relieved to make it back to the green, green lands of home. Photo courtesy of Rich Hamilton
Hamilton and DeBlock were rarely on anything resembling a real road. Much of their trip was along trails like this one. Photo courtesy of Rich Hamilton
How dry is THIS? The western U.S. has, for a couple of years now, been gripped by persistent drought that has left the land cracked and desiccated. Photo courtesy of Rich Hamilton
The road to the Boyer Ranch in Aspen Valley, Colo., was lovely. Hamilton and DeBlock spent a little time there visiting with John Boyer, whose great-grandfather built the spread in the early 1900s. Photo courtesy of Rich Hamilton
Camping out was a an almost-nightly occurrence. But Hamilton and DeBlock did occasionally enjoy a night between a motel's clean sheets or the hospitality of American friends. Photo courtesy of Rich Hamilton
The not-so Rio Grande (Big or Grand River in Spanish). Photo courtesy of Rich Hamilton
Gary DeBlock maneuvers his KTM 640 Adventurer across rocky ground. Photo courtesy of Rich Hamilton
Here's a stereotypical desert scene: a skeleton in the dust. All it needs is a few talking vultures and it could be something dark cartoonist Gary Larson would enjoy. Photo courtesy of Rich Hamilton
Hmmm. Here's something you don't often see: radiation warnings on a fenced-off road. Hamilton and DeBlock ran into this outside a town in Utah. Photo courtesy of Rich Hamilton
Desert and buttes ahead; desert and buttes behind. Photo courtesy of Rich Hamilton
Gary DeBlock rests against the steel fence that lines the U.S.-Mexico border. Photo courtesy of Rich Hamilton
End of the road. Well, the U.S.-Mexican border, anyway. The yellow signs speaks for itself, doesn't it? Photo courtesy of Rich Hamilton


Derby Day is almost here and, despite the constraints placed on us by the black-and-white dress code, we still feel overwhelmed at the prospect of narrowing down an outfit. After all, when everyone is wearing the same colour, the pressure to stand out triples.
To help us nail our sartorial choices, we picked the brains of SABA's general manager of product, Elisha Hopkinson.
Here's what she had to say about dressing for the day.
What key trends can we expect to see trackside this year?
For 2018, it's all about statement jumpsuits, one-shoulder detailing, and the masculine power suit. What we're loving about this season is that a lot of trends can be easily reinvented post-races – like our Milano skirt, which can be pared back with a classic white shirt for the office, or a tee and sneakers for the weekend.
With everyone wearing black and white, do you have any tips for standing out among the crowd?
Make sure you choose an outfit that is a statement style, that's also comfortable and fits you perfectly. There's a lot of walking and the days are long, so you want to make sure you're looking and feeling your best throughout the entire day.
We also love empowering women and the tailored pantsuit does this. For a truly bold Derby Day look that's sure to turn heads, opt for a matching pantsuit in all-white.
What SABA pieces would you recommend for the Cup Carnival this year?
This Spring Racing season, our Liana Lace Dress in Red Plum is my pick. The geometric lace adds an element of edginess, while the deep plum keeps it feminine. I also love a more masculine power suit in a ladylike colour – our Celeste Wool Suit in Musk is perfect.
For Derby Day, it's all about black and white. SABA has an entirely black and white capsule this season, with Milano pieces such as our Milly Milano dress and twin sets, as well as my favourite, the Dharma jumpsuit.
What's the secret to nailing a monochrome look?
Don't have too much going on. Choose one element of your outfit to be the statement and then make sure everything else supports it.
It's always important to adhere to the race-day dress code. Make sure to embrace the rules but do it with a modern slant. Keep it classic and sophisticated and you'll truly make an impact without any major fashion faux pas.
Any do's or don'ts when opting for a look that's completely black and white?
Don't take yourself too seriously! It's all about having fun so play around with different styles and trends and find a look that you feel comfortable in.


text:
General Register Office records for Kill
Poor Law Union
Registrar's district
Rathdown Blackrock and Stillorgan No. 2 1864 to 1919 1845 to 1944 1864 to 1969 IrishGenealogy.ie Online Index with linked record images. Non-Catholic marriages only 1845-1863. Images for deaths from 1871.
Rathdown Blackrock and Stillorgan No. 2 1864 to 1958 1845 to 1958 1864 to 1958 FamilySearch Online Index only. Non-Catholic marriages only 1845-1863. Copies also on Ancestry.com and FindMyPast.ie.
Rathdown Blackrock and Stillorgan No. 2 1864 to 1881 FamilySearch Online Partial transcript only
Rathdown Dundrum and Glencullen No. 2 1864 to 1919 1845 to 1944 1864 to 1969 IrishGenealogy.ie Online Index with linked record images. Non-Catholic marriages only 1845-1863. Images for deaths from 1871.
Rathdown Dundrum and Glencullen No. 2 1864 to 1958 1845 to 1958 1864 to 1958 FamilySearch Online Index only. Non-Catholic marriages only 1845-1863. Copies also on Ancestry.com and FindMyPast.ie.
Rathdown Dundrum and Glencullen No. 2 1864 to 1881 FamilySearch Online Partial transcript only
Rathdown Killiney 1864 to 1919 1845 to 1944 1864 to 1969 IrishGenealogy.ie Online Index with linked record images. Non-Catholic marriages only 1845-1863. Images for deaths from 1871.
Rathdown Killiney 1864 to 1958 1845 to 1958 1864 to 1958 FamilySearch Online Index only. Non-Catholic marriages only 1845-1863. Copies also on Ancestry.com and FindMyPast.ie.
Rathdown Killiney 1864 to 1881 FamilySearch Online Partial transcript only


Join us for an elaborate affair you will not soon forget. These dinners start with a sparkling wine and cheese reception followed by a coursed dinner paired with wine.
May 4th, 2019: New Release Dinner – On Sale Now!
A celebration of Michigan wine!
Sparkling Wine Reception Begins at 6pm. Note: there is no cellar tour before this dinner.
Smoked paprika, honey, black peppercorns and orange zest rub, braised in red wine, garlic, cipollini onions, balsamic and bay leaves.
Pork belly braised in vinegar, soy sauce, garlic, black peppercorns and bay leaves. Served over fluffy white rice with a cabbage salad.
*This is the debut of Bacca Secca for Fenn Valley. It is a naturally sweet red wine made by allowing the grapes to dehydrate prior to crushing and fermenting. The resulting wine is bursting with rich fruit flavor, and is a perfect compliment to a sweet dessert.
Stacked on a potato pancake topped with a wild mushroom cream sauce and chives.
With apples, caramelized leeks, candied pecans and maple Dijon dressing.
Garnished with parsley, lemon and capers. Served with beer poached and grilled bratwurst, noodle kugel and green beans with browned butter breadcrumbs.
Dark chocolate cake with tart cherry filling and Kirsch flavored whipped cream topping and a chocolate shaving garnish.
This dinner features the official release of 6 new wines before they are available to the general public.


This Summer on the Terrace has been a fun (and delicious!) one.
We enjoyed cool breezes, freshly grilled meats and succulent offerings.
Next Wednesday, September 23rd will be the last Terrace Lunch of 2015.
We invite you to join us in closing out the Summer on a delicious note.
Make your reservations on Open Table or call Julia's at 510.280.1547.