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Your search for 'The growth and survival of living things are affected by the physical conditions of their environmen' returned 88 results
VCCCC026
Explain how groups express their identities, including religious and cultural identity, and how this expression can influence their perceptions of others and others' perception of them
investigating how and why different Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities are maintaining and strengthening their identities and how this contributes to Australia's national identity
investigating how and why the visible aspects of people's cultural identity (for example dress, gestures, traditions/customs, accent/language) can influence interactions between people
considering how Australia's location in the Asian region influences interactions between Australians an those living in the region
VCCCC026 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity
Examine the influence of a range of media, including social media, in shaping identities and attitudes to diversity and how ideas about Australian identity may be influenced by global events
analysing how media represent different groups in Australian society and assessing the impact those representations have on community cohesiveness, for example, a human rights campaign that uses social media
examining stories of how Australian citizens' perspectives on their role in the global community have been influenced by their experiences of living and working in other countries
debating the concepts of 'global identity' and 'global citizenship' and their implications for Australian citizens
VCCCC038 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity
VCCCG003
Explain the roles of local government and some familiar services provided at the local level
investigating what local government does, including the services it provides such as libraries, health, environment and waste, parks, pools and sport, arts, and pet management
describing how local government services may affect the lives of students
using online sources to identify local government services
VCCCG003 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 3 and 4 | Government and Democracy
VCCCL005
Distinguish between rules and laws and discuss why rules and laws are important
distinguishing between 'laws' (for example speeding in school zones) and 'rules' (for example sun safety in the school)
explaining the purpose of laws and recognising that laws apply to everyone in society
discussing examples of laws and why they are important to students' lives
VCCCL005 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 3 and 4 | Laws and Citizens
VCEBE019
Identify relationships and trends, and generate a range of alternatives for an economic or business issue or event, evaluating the potential costs and benefits of each alternative and the consequences of proposed actions
interpreting tables, charts and graphs containing economic or business data to identify trends and using the data to make predictions about future trends, for example, trends in online shopping
examining the trade-offs involved in making choices
investigating how businesses identify opportunities in the market
undertaking a cost-benefit analysis of alternatives proposed and making a decision about which one to recommend
discussing the consequences of an economic or business decision, and reflecting on whether this was the 'best' decision and what might be the effect of alternative actions
developing skills to contest and debate ideas and to express opinions on economics and business issues that interest and/or affect them or society
VCEBE019 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 7 and 8 | Economic and Business Reasoning and Interpretation
VCEBR021
Identify and explain the indicators of economic performance and examine how Australia's economy is performing
identifying and explaining indicators of economic performance such as economic growth rates, unemployment rates, inflation rates, sustainability indexes, business confidence, human development index, liveability, and the world happiness report
investigating the performance of the Australian economy using key indicators to form a conclusion
VCEBR021 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Resource Allocation and Making Choices
Explain the links between economic performance and living standards, including the variations that exist within and between economies, and give reasons for the possible causes of variations
comparing Australia's resource base with another economy and exploring how this may influence trading relationships, for example, why does a particular economy manufacture electronic goods, while another focuses on mining?
locating a range of products in the local shopping centre that were produced overseas, and proposing reasons why they were not produced in Australia
mapping the global supply chain for a product to identify the participants in the chain
defining 'living standards', discussing why it is considered the ultimate goal for economic activity and explaining its relationship to economic performance
investigating economic performance and living standards and discussing how they can mean different things to different people and countries
investigating the ways living standards can be measured, for example, gross domestic product (GDP), Human Development Index (HDI) or total quality of life index
identifying policy options designed to improve living standards, such as education, training and workforce development, taxation, migration, government spending on health and infrastructure, environmental policies
Examine the roles and responsibilities of participants in the changing Australian or global workplace
exploring emerging global needs and related opportunities in the workplace
identifying the responsibilities of various participants in a particular workplace, for example, employers, employees, industrial organisations or state, territory and the Commonwealth government
examining changes to the roles of employees in the workplace, for example, the increasing encouragement for workers to show initiative or act as intrapreneurs
identifying employer responsibilities to workers and the government, for example, superannuation, paid parental leave, income tax, company tax or the Goods and Services Tax (GST)
discussing the responsibilities of government in improving the conditions of workers, for example, occupational health and safety, and anti-discrimination laws
VCEBW026 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Work and Work Futures
Consider the ways in which work can contribute to individual and societal wellbeing
exploring ways that work can affect an individual's self-esteem, material and non-material living standards and happiness
investigating the ways work affects the economy such as avoiding poverty (relative and absolute), productivity, and generating income
Research the way the work environment is changing in contemporary Australia and analyse the implications for current and future work
researching current trends in the types of work available, the changes occurring, and the implications for future employment
analysing how technology, globalisation and sustainability have affected the way we work
investigating a range of occupations and the skills and dispositions required in different fields
VCGGC129
Identify, analyse and explain significant interconnections within places and between places over time and at different scales, and evaluate the resulting changes and further consequences
evaluating the effects of international demand for food products on biodiversity throughout the world, in the places of their production
using the concept of a system to examine the interconnections between biophysical processes and the human actions, and their underlying causes, that generate environmental change, together with the consequences of these changes
identifying the biomes in Australia and overseas that produce some of the foods and plant material people consume and ways that the production of food and fibre has altered some biomes through, for example, vegetation clearance
examining how a person's wellbeing is influenced by where they live, with reference to at least two different scales in a country of the Asia region
exploring how transport networks operate to connect people to services, including how supply chain logistics influence these connections
VCGGC129 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection
Identify and describe locations and describe and explain spatial distributions and patterns
using geographical tools, such as printed and electronic atlases, to identify the relative location of Europe and North America and their environmental characteristics
mapping and explaining the location, frequency and severity of bushfires or flooding in Australia
explaining why most Australians live close to the coast rather than in inland Australia
VCGGC086 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection
Collect and record relevant geographical data and information from the field and secondary sources, using ethical protocols
developing questions about the way connections affect places and people's perceptions of places and collecting related data and information
planning an investigation to identify how significant events can connect places. For example, the Olympics or a tsunami
identifying the purpose and usefulness of information gained from primary and secondary sources such as fieldwork, maps, plans, photographs, satellite images, statistical sources and reports
finding out how to conduct ethical research with people and communities, including the protocols for consultation with local Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander communities
exchanging geographical information from schools in countries of the Asia region
interviewing people, for example, on their knowledge and opinions of other places
VCGGC088 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information
Analyse and evaluate data, maps and other geographical information using digital and spatial technologies and Geographical Information Systems as appropriate, to develop identifications, descriptions, explanations and conclusions that use geographical terminology
constructing a graph to show the relationship between growth in world population and world food production
comparing maps showing transport networks with survey responses on personal mobility
analysing environmental change, such as the clearance of vegetation or a plan for a vegetation corridor, using topographic maps and satellite images
identifying the relevant layers of a Geographical Information System and using them to investigate how they can portray and analyse demographic, economic and environmental data, and investigating the use of GIS by organisations.
testing conclusions by considering alternative points of view about an area of investigation and providing a response using as organisers at least two of the concepts of place, space, environment, interconnection, sustainability, scale and change
VCGGC132 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information
Identify how people are connected to different places
examining the ways people are connected to other places through, for example, relatives, friends, things people buy or obtain, holidays, sport, family origin, beliefs, and places of particular significance
suggesting what the pattern of visits to places might have been two generations ago and comparing this to their current pattern
discussing how some people are connected to one Country, for example, because it is 'mother's' Country or 'father's' Country
VCGGC059 | The Humanities | Geography | Foundation to Level 2 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection
Select and represent data and information in different forms, including by constructing appropriate maps at different scales that conform to cartographic conventions, using digital and spatial technologies as appropriate
creating an annotated diagram to demonstrate how water flows through the environment and connects places, or the influence of environmental quality on the liveability of places
constructing tables and graphs of demographic or economic data for Australia or China
creating annotated diagrams to show a landscape and its landforms
creating a map to show the spatial distribution and patterns of liveability, using computer mapping software
using a satellite image to construct a map to show the areas affected by a hydrological hazard, in Australia and another region of the world
Identify and explain the interconnections within places and between places
identifying the main types of natural vegetation, including forest, savannah, grassland, woodland and desert, and explaining the relationship between climate and natural vegetation
describing how natural processes can break down and recycle some wastes safely. For example, through composting or purifying water as it moves through the environment
exploring how vegetation produces the oxygen all land animals (including people) breathe, protects land from erosion by water or wind, retains rainfall, provides habitat for animals, shelters crops and livestock, provides shade for people, cools urban places, produces medicines, wood and fibre, and can make places appear more attractive
investigating and comparing what it would be like to live in a place with a climate different to their own place
recognising that the distribution of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples before colonisation was concentrated in more productive areas such as in the coastal and riverine areas of Australia
Identify, analyse and explain interconnections within places and between places and identify and explain changes resulting from these interconnections
describing how water is an available resource when it is groundwater, soil moisture (green water), and surface water in dams, rivers and lakes (blue water), and a potential resource when it exists as salt water, ice, water vapour or waste water, and using the concept of the water cycle to show the connections between the different forms
explaining how the movement of water through the environment connects places. For example, the melting of snow in spring feeding rivers and dams downstream
comparing student access to and use of places and spaces in their local area and evaluating how this affects perceptions of liveability
analysing the role of landforms and landscapes in tourism. For example, Uluru in Australia or the Grand Canyon in the USA
examining how urbanisation can affect environmental quality and analysing the effects of erosion and sedimentation produced by human activities on landscape quality
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Brucella – rodzaj Gram ujemnych bakterii będących przyczyną zakaźnej choroby – brucelozy. Brucella ma kształt małej pałeczki, nie posiada rzęsek (a więc zdolności ruchu), otoczki, nie wytwarza też przetrwalników. Drobnoustrój opisał po raz pierwszy David Bruce u zmarłego na Malcie chorego (stąd też inna nazwa: choroba maltańska). Rezerwuarem zarazka są zwierzęta.

Wszystkie bakterie tego rodzaju są w stanie wykorzystać węglowodany, jednak bez zdolności ich fermentacji.

Gatunki
Rodzaj Brucella dzieli się na kilka gatunków, ze względu na naturalny rezerwuar, wzrost w obecności fuksyny i tioniny, a także profil biochemiczny. Pewną rolę odgrywa też wrażliwość na bakteriofagi.
 Brucella melitensis
 Brucella abortus
 Brucella suis
 Brucella neotomae
 Brucella ovis
 Brucella canis
 Brucella ceti
 Brucella pinnipedialis (zaraża walenie)
 Brucella microti
 Brucella inopinata (wyizolowany z implantu kobiety)

Hodowla
Bakteria do wzrostu wymaga pożywki wzbogaconej, 5-10% stężenia CO2 oraz pH 6-7. Optymalna temperatura hodowli wynosi 37 stopni. Pałeczki wzrastają po 2-5 dniach i przyjmują postać okrągłych kolonii o średnicy 0,5 – 3 mm. Brak pojawienia się bakterii w ciągu 24 dni oznacza negatywny wynik testu.

Wrażliwość
Pałeczki Brucella są raczej oporne na czynniki zewnętrzne, w wodzie i glebie mogą przetrwać wiele miesięcy. Niszcząco działa wysoka temperatura i środki dezynfekcyjne. Antybiotykami zachowującymi aktywność jest chloramfenikol, tertracykliny, streptomycyna a także kotrimoksazol

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Podstawy Mikrobiologii Lekarskiej. PZWL, Warszawa 1979. Praca pod redakcją Leona Jabłońskiego. . Strona 283-289

Proteobakterie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Government of India (GOI) ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) in 2007, which mandated and obligated the laws of the country to align with the Convention. A task undertaken to review the Mental Health Act, 1987 and The Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995 revealed shortcomings. In order to align and harmonize the national legislation with UNCRPD, the GOI started to make efforts to improve the mental health services in the form of drafting new policies and laws like the National Mental Health Policy, 2014, Rights of the Persons with Disability Act, 2016 and MHCA 2017 (MHCA, 2017; notified on May 29, 2018). The preamble of the MHCA 2017 aims to provide mental health care and services for Persons with Mental Illness (PMI) and also protect, promote and fulfill the rights of such persons during delivery of mental health care and services. The Act is progressive, patient-centric, and rights based. The whole dedicated chapter 5 (Section 18–28) on "Rights of the PMI" is the heart and soul of this legislation. However, Section 18 applies to everyone, but Sections 19–28 are specifically applicable to PMI only. The drafters and the government had a vision of social welfare responsibility and appropriately articulated. Section 18, "everyone" has the right to access mental health care.
"Right to access mental healthcare" – Section 18 of the Act articulates that "every person shall" have a right to access mental health care and treatment from mental health services run or funded by the appropriate government, and government shall make sufficient provision as may be necessary, for a range of services required by PMI. If the government fails to provide the right to access mental health care to everyone, then it is the responsibility of the government to reimburse the costs of treatment according to section 18, 5 (f) of the MHCA 2017. Section 18 is for "everyone" because a person who is on prophylaxis (on follow-up and do not meet the criteria of PMI) can access mental health-care services and free essential medicines; a person who does not meet the criteria of PMI (had illness but improved currently) can access a range of rehabilitation services; and another person can seek help before he/she develops mental illness (prevention and promotion). It is very important to note that only Section 18 of the MHCA, 2017 says every person has the right to access to mental health care and beyond doubt, it applies to everyone. However, Section 19–28 applies only for PMI.
MHCA, 2017 also recognizes the right to community living; right to live with dignity; protection from cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment; treatment equal to persons with physical illness; right to relevant information concerning treatment, right to confidentiality; right to access their basic medical records; right to personal contacts and communication; right to legal aid; and recourse against deficiencies in mental health-care services. However, the estimate of the expenditure required to meet the obligations under the law is not available. The annual health expenditure of India is 1.15% of the gross domestic product, and the mental health budget is <1% of India's total health budget. However, the ground realities are far from adequate with regards to economic readiness and willpower to implement this rights-based legislation. This article assesses the economic impact on the Government for fulfilling the rights of the PMI, as promised under the MHCA 2017.
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GOI, commissioned NIMHANS, Bengaluru, to undertake a nationally representative mental health study to understand the burden and patterns of mental health problems. The study assessed 39,532 individuals across 720 clusters from 80 talukas in 43 districts of the 12 selected States. This landmark study has provided us with major insights into the magnitude of the problem and the state of service and resources to strengthen the mental health programs. As per the survey, the overall weighted prevalence for any mental morbidity was 13.7% lifetime and 10.6% current mental morbidity. According to this "National Mental Health Survey" (NMHS), 13 crore population (130 million people) require mental health services. Mental disorders are not only highly prevalent and disabling medical conditions but also have huge treatment gap., The treatment gap is defined as the percentage of individuals with mental illness who are not on treatment. Another issue of serious contention is that the treatment gap for mental disorders according to NMHS ranged between 70% and 92% across different disorders. This huge treatment gap raises serious questions regarding the accessibility, affordability, and acceptability of the available mental health services. Further, approximately 50% of the PMI access public mental health-care sector.
A National Survey on Extent and Pattern of Substance Use in India, which was commissioned and funded by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, GOI, had depicted disturbing results. About 5.2% of Indians (5.7 crore people) are estimated to be affected by harmful or dependent alcohol use, 2.8% (3.1 crore people) report of using cannabis, and 2.06% (2.4 crore people) report of using opioids. This huge burden of mental, behavioral, and substance use disorders in India calls for immediate attention of political leaders, policy makers, health professionals, opinion-makers, and society at large.
Epidemiological studies which were exclusively conducted in the child and adoloscent population report prevalence rates ranging from 9 to 16%. Math and Srinivasaraju estimated that 10% of the child and adolescent population has mental health morbidity  requiring professional attention.
This article systematically analyses and describes the cost estimation of the implementation of MHCA 2017. This is not a "health economics article" but cost estimation of implementation and fulfilling the obligation by the government under the "MHCA, 2017" This analysis is based on close reading of all the sections of the legislation, discussions, consensus meetings, and expert opinions on the key issues in implementation and financial aspects of the Act.
According to the Constitution of India, health is a State subject, but the mental health-care falls into the ambit of concurrent list, and it is titled as "Lunacy and mental deficiency, including places for the reception or treatment of lunatics and mental deficient." Hence, both central and state are responsible for providing the rights enshrined in the MHCA, 2017. Hence, authors of this article did not categorize into Central or State budget; both are responsible for providing the mental health care.
The researchers mapped the existing mental health resources such as human resources (psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, psychiatric social workers, and psychiatric nurses) for providing care, treatment, and rehabilitation. The researchers then calculated the deficits by comparing the existing resources to the standards reccomeded in developed countries. The researchers estimated the annual recurring cost required for implementation (statutory) agencies (Central/State Mental Health Authorities [SMHAs] and Mental Health Review Boards [MHRBs]). The researchers then estimated the costs for treatment, care, and rehabilitation of PMI. The costs were calculated per unit per month and then translated into per annum costs. There are certain sections where the obligations are cast on the government to be fulfilled within a time frame. Such estimations were calculated per annum after dividing by the time frame specified by the MHCA 2017. For the purpose of easy calculation, the nearest numbers were rounded off.
India is the second largest country in the world in terms of population. This poses clear challenges in delivering mental health care to India's 1.3 billion people spread across a vast expanse. The greatest challenge presented by the MHCA 2017 relates to the resourcing of both mental health services and the new statutory structures proposed in the Act. Mapping of India's mental health system generally reveals that it is under-resourced, and a rough estimate of the human resources , is shown in [Table 1].
According to the World Mental Health Atlas More Details (2014), there were 0.3 psychiatrists per lakh of population in India. Psychologists and psychiatric social workers were even fewer. The median number of psychiatrists in India is only 0.2/100,000 population compared to a global median of 3 per 100,000 population. Similarly, the figures for psychologists, social workers, and nurses working for mental health are 0.03, 0.03, and 0.05/100,000 population.,,, The Indian Psychiatric Society enlists <7000 registered psychiatrists in this country. There is a gross deficit in human resources needed to deliver care for PMI in India. The estimated number of psychiatrists available in India in 2018 is approximately 9000.
Section 31(3) of the MHCA, 2017 casts an obligation on the government to make efforts to meet internationally accepted guidelines for a number of mental health professionals based on the population, within 10 years from the commencement of this Act. At the international arena, Canada advocated an optimal target ratio of 1:6500 but recommended a more attainable pragmatic ratio of 1:8,000 for the foreseeable future., The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists recently recommended that a range of 1:7500–1:10,000 is applaudable. A recent assessment done by Garg et al. 2017, recommended in a letter to the editor that the median requirement of a psychiatrist is at least 3 per 1 lakh population. However, the implementation of rights-based mental health legislation needs to be comprehensive and similar to that of the developed countries. The requirement of psychiatrists in Canada, Australia, the UK, and the USA, is one psychiatrist per 10,000 population., As per international standards, to provide mental health care for 10,000 persons, at least one psychiatrist, one psychiatric nurse, one psychiatric social worker, and one clinical psychologist are required. However, in this study, we have assumed three mental health human resources per lakh population for the estimation of the cost.
Based on the calculation, the difference between available human resources and the required human resources yields the deficit. The division of deficit with the number of professionals produced per year will yield the required number of years to achieve the mental health human resources target for 130 crore population [Table 2].
If we were to assume India needs three mental health human resources (respectively in each category) per 1 lakh population, we currently have 9000 psychiatrists, 2000 psychiatric nurses, 1000 clinical psychologists, and 1000 psychiatric social workers. We would need an additional 30,000 psychiatrists, 37,000 psychiatric nurses, 38,000 psychiatric social worker and 38,000 clinical psychologists. As per the calculations, it will take 42 years to meet the requirement for psychiatrists, 74 years for psychiatric nurses, 76 years for the psychiatric social worker, and 76 years for clinical psychologists, for providing care for 130 crore population, provided the population (assuming both general population and mental health human resources) remains constant.
The cost of training one doctor is approximately Rs. 1 Crore, but the cost of training one psychiatrist, one psychiatric nurse, one psychiatric social worker, or one clinical psychologist is not known. The estimation of the cost of training a psychiatrist (modern medicine) is not known. However, the cost of training a doctor (M. B. B. S) is one crore. Hence, we have conservatively estimated one crore for training a psychiatrist, for the cost [Table 3].
The workforce represents one key component of the mental health system and implementation of the rights-based mental health-care legislation. In India, approximately 56,600 public psychiatric beds (35,000 psychiatric beds in mental hospitals, ten beds each in 723 district hospitals, and 30 beds each in 479 medical colleges) exist for 130 crore population. In the mental hospitals, a substantial proportion of the psychiatric beds is occupied by the homeless mentally ill. As per international standards (Treatment Advocacy Centre of US), the estimated requirement would be 50 beds per 1,00,000 population. As per the above estimate, India requires 6.5 lakh psychiatric beds for 130 crore population, but available psychiatric beds are only 56,600. The deficit is approximately 6 lakh public psychiatric beds. Section 31(3) of the MHCA, 2017 dictates that the Government shall take appropriate measures to meet internationally accepted guidelines for the number of mental health professionals per lakh population within 10 years from the commencement of this Act. To address the three main shortcomings of mental health care – scarcity, inequity, and inefficiency – Indian government may have to take a comprehensive approach to achieve the objectives of the MHCA, 2017.
The implementing agencies of the statute play a crucial role in realizing the objectives of the legislation. In this section, we estimate the recurring cost for the functioning of statutory agencies only. At this juncture, it would be prudent to highlight that one of the main reasons for failure of Mental Health Act, 1987 was the inability to form and allocate budget for the functioning of SMHA in many States (2).
The MHCA, 2017 has three implementing statutory agencies. They are as follows: (a) Central Mental Health Authority at the center (CMHA) (sections 33–44), (b) SMHA at every State level (sections 45–56), and (c) MHRB at each district level across the country (sections 73–84). The CMHA oversees the regulation, development, direction, and coordination with respect to mental health services of the country. They also have been entrusted to register, regulate and monitor mental health establishments under their jurisdiction. Respective authorities have the role of advising the government in matters relating to mental health. These statutory bodies also need to implement and monitor the progress of the MHCA, 2017. Section 29 of the MHCA, 2017 makes the government responsible for designing and implementing public health programs to reduce suicides and attempted suicides in the country. Further, they also need to design and implement programs for the promotion of mental health and prevention of mental illness in the country. Section 30 of the MHCA, 2017 obligates the government to create awareness about mental health and illness and reduce the stigma associated with mental illness through public media, including television, radio, print, and online media at regular intervals.
MHRB comprises of a 6-member committee which acts as a quasi-judicial body in the respective State for a district or a group of districts. The total number of districts in India is 723 as of 2019. Assuming one MHRB for each district, there is a responsibility for the government to set up 723 MHRBs across India to implement this legislation seriously. However, the Mental Healthcare (CMHA and MHRB) rules, 2018, Rule no. 17, mandates at least one MHRB per 3 districts. That makes an onus on the government to set up 241 MHRBs, which is a conservative estimate. The cost of the functioning of one MHRB will be at least Rs. 1 Crore. This will put an onus of a minimum of rupees 241 crores per annum on the public exchequer. The recurring cost estimated will include salary, meetings, vehicle, communication, day-to-day expenditure, paperwork, serving summons, documentation, visiting, inspection, and auditing of the establishment and so forth. The MHRB will eventually have to evolve and function in every district, which requires infrastructure, supporting staff, furniture, stationery, and miscellaneous.
It is reasonable to assume that the expenses for the effective functioning of each Mental Health Authority will run into a minimum of 1 crore per year. This amount will be spent on fulfilling the obligations of the authority as per the MHCA, 2017. The estimated cost is for fulfilling the role and responsibilities entrusted as per section 43 and 55 of the MHCA, 2017. Considering there are a total of 29 States in the country, the cost of setting up SMHA will be approximately 29 Crores. The MHCA 2017 also mandates that a digital registry be made online for registration of the professionals, establishments, and advance directives. There is a need for one central registry and one registry for each State as per the MHCA, 2017.
To summarize, the conservative estimate cost of setting up and making functional implementing agencies is rupees 271 Crores [Table 4].
Section 18 of the MHCA 2017 talks about the right to access mental health care and treatment from mental health services run or funded by the appropriate Government. This puts a responsibility on the State to provide mental health care to its citizens. The lifetime prevalence of mental illness in India is 13.7%, and the current prevalence is 10.6% according to the NMHS of 2016. By this, it would mean that India would have a total of 13 crores of persons who have a mental illness. The MHCA 2017, puts the onus of providing care to 13 crore population on the State. The public health systems should be equipped to deliver care for PMI. If the State fails to provide access to mental health-care services, the appropriate Government shall make rules regarding reimbursement of costs of treatment to the PMI under the section 5 (f) of the MHCA, 2017.
According to the NMHS, the median amount spent monthly for the care and treatment of varied disorders is estimated to be Rs. 2250 for Alcohol Use Disorders, Rs. 1000 for Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and Rs. 1500 for Depressive Disorders. Total minimum costs based on the median out-of-pocket expenditure for the treatment of the three disorders (schizophrenia, depression, and alcohol use disorders) will be only Rs. 698 Crores per month as per NMHS.
The treatment costs to be borne by the government can also be estimated as the total number of persons who have mental illness as per the NMHS data multiplied by the minimum amount spent on consultations for illness. If we were to assume patients accessed outpatient care from the nearest government-run health center, then the treatment costs may be Rs. 100/month per patient only. This is the minimum amount (Rs 100 per month per patient), which needs to be invested by the government for mental healthcare. This calculation was based on discussions and consensus among the researchers. However, this cost increases many folds (at least 10–15 times), if PMI access mental health care in the private health sector.
As per section 18 (6), of MHCA 2017, the government needs to make provisions for access to mental health care from community health centre upwards. Unfortunately, at present, the DMHP is not implemented in all districts of the country and even if it is implemented, one or two psychiatrist per district is not sufficient. This forces the PMI to seek treatment from private establishments.
The minimum amount spent by the government is for the treatment of mental illness on an outpatient basis is as follows: monthly estimate costs for outpatient treatment is the total number of persons suffering from mental illness × Rs. 100/month, i.e., 13 Crores × Rs. 100 = Rs. 1300 Crores/month. The calculation used is similar to the one used by Math and Srinivasaraju, 2010.
Approximately 0.6% of the mental health users may require inpatient services at least once a year. That would mean there is a need to provide inpatient services to 7.8 lakhs PMI at least once a year. Approximately, the average number of days of inpatient stay is 21 days per admission. The approximate treatment cost per admission is Rs. 1500 per day  according to the Ayushman Bharat Scheme. The total costs will hence become Rs. 31,500 per admission per person per year. The cost estimation involved inpatient stay, consultation charges of the doctor, nursing charge, documentation charges, food, investigation, psychosocial assessment, and medication. This estimate does not involve the expenditure of one person staying with the PMI as a care provider or nominated representative.
The annual estimated cost for inpatient treatment for 7.8 lakhs PMI × Rs. 31,500 = Rs. 2457 crores.
This would be the minimum estimates since the treatment costs will vary between disorders and the method of estimation involves only the minimum amount spent on the treatment of mental illness. This will be the amount the government makes available for the treatment for mental illness, considering the current prevalence according to the NMHS.
About 1% of the total population suffer from severe mental disorders (SMDs). The number persons with SMDs in India who would require rehabilitation services is around 35.5 Lakhs (27.3%). This includes the homeless mentally ill. There is a need in India for rehabilitation services for around 35.5 lakhs people with mental illness, and they would require a range of rehabilitation services such as hospital-based rehabilitation, day-boarder, community-based rehab centers, home-based rehabilitation centers, half-way homes, sheltered accommodation, and shared accommodation. For the purpose of calculation, authors have deducted the homeless mentally ill (13 lakhs) from the 35.5 lakhs of PMI requiring rehabilitation. Homeless mental ill requires comprehensive, holistic care and requires more funds, and hence their needs are calculated separately in the next section. Approximate estimated numbers require rehabilitation is 22.5 lakhs PMI.
The recent survey from an NGO based in Bengaluru explored the costs of long-term care for PMIs provided by NGOs, the private sector and costs of care at various centers. The monthly expenditure for a PMI at the centers varied from Rs. 7000 to Rs. 60,000. The estimated monthly expenditure is assumed to be Rs. 10,000/month per PMI as per consensus among the authors.
The total costs for providing rehabilitation care for PMI will be Rs. 10,000 × 22.5 Lakhs PMI × 12 months = Rs. 27,000 crores/year.
The NMHS estimates the homeless mentally ill to be 1% of serious mental disorder, which translates into one million people are homeless and suffering from mental illness. Majority of the States do not have any specific policies for the care of the homeless mentally ill. However, MHCA, 2017 casts an obligation on the State for providing care for a homeless PMI.
The census has estimated that 0.15% of India's total population is homeless. This translates into 19.5 lakh people. The studies have shown beyond doubt that 70%–80% of the homeless have the mental illness.,,, On estimation, approximately 13 lakh people are homeless and suffer from mental illness in India. It is reasonable to assume that Rs. 20,000/month would be needed for treatment, food, shelter, the salary of the staffs and rehabilitation of the homeless mentally ill.
13 lakh population with mental illness are homeless × 20,000 Rs. per month × 12 months = Rs. 31,200 crore/year.
According to the report brought out by the National Crime Records Bureau, New Delhi, 130,000 people completed suicides in India in 2015. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 170,000 deaths by suicide occur in India every year. For every death by suicide, on an average, 15–20 people attempt to die by suicide but fail., On estimation, approximately 5.75 million people attempted to die by suicide in India (2015). The suicide attempts can be classified into (i) lethal and severe attempt and (ii) nonsevere, nonlethal attempt with full recovery in the short term. As per the WHO Sustainable Development Goal Statistics, in 2016, 17% of the persons who attempted to die by suicide belonged to the severe category, i.e., 977,500 persons; and the remaining 83%, i.e., 47.7 lakh persons, belonged to the nonsevere category.
Section 115 of the MHCA, 2017 "decriminalizes the suicidal attempt" by articulating that notwithstanding anything contained in Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code, any person who attempts to die by suicide shall be presumed, unless proved otherwise, to have severe stress and shall not be tried and punished under the said Code. Further, the legislation takes a proactive step in Section 115(3), by casting an obligation on the government. It articulates that government shall have a duty to provide care, treatment, and rehabilitation to a person, having severe stress and who attempted to die by suicide, to reduce the risk of recurrence of an attempt to die by suicide.
Lethal and nonlethal attempted suicides incur both direct costs, which are directly related to injury treatment and indirect economic costs, which are mainly productivity losses from lost time from injuries and disability. Direct cost includes the costs for medical care (especially emergency departments and inpatient hospitalization), ambulance transport, investigations by medical examiners, forensic medicine cost, nursing home care, general and specialty physicians' care, rehabilitation, and follow-up care., The reasonable estimate of costs for one nonlethal attempted suicide may be Rs. 10000 per person and Rs. 100,000 for one lethal attempted suicide., The reasonable estimate of grand total for lethal and nonlethal attempted suicides 14,545 crore rupees [Table 5].
The strengths of our study include that this is the first study to use the mental health statistics to estimate the approximate cost for implementing the "rights-based" MHCA, 2017. The estimated total cost on government is 94,073 crore rupees. We did not estimate the cost of infrastructure for implementing agencies and rehabilitation centers and the cost of human resources to run those rehabilitation centers, which escalates the cost on government many folds [Table 6].
The findings of the study need to be interpreted in the background of certain limitations. We might have underestimated the cost of mental health-care service delivery, particularly in those States which have a severe shortage of mental health human resources. The data were rounded to the nearest approximate number for ease of calculation, and the exact number was not used. The study estimates the cost of providing treatment under modern medicine only, and it does not include the cost of providing AYUSH system-based mental health care (section 18). The study does not differentiate the cost to be borne by the central government and the State government separately. Further, this study did not estimate the cost for the following: (a) mental health promotion and primary prevention (Section 29); (b) eradication of stigma and discrimination (Section 21); (c) making alterations in the public mental health establishments to fulfill the minimum norms; (d) supporting family members of PMI (Section 18(4c); (e) emergency mental health and ambulance services (Section 21); (f) registering all public mental health establishments (Section 65); (g) prison mental health services (Section 103); (h) perinatal services, child mental health services, and old age mental health services (Section 18(4e); (i) modified electroconvulsive therapy (Section 95(1a); (j) creating awareness of mental health and mental illness (Section 30); (k) two assessments before admission, periodic capacity assessments, documentation, maintaining of outpatient department records, informing the statutory bodies, litigation cost, and defensive practice; (l) Registration, updating and maintenance of online digital registry of MHE, MHP, and advance directive; (m) infrastructure for implementing agencies and rehabilitation centers; (n) setting-up of deficit 6 lakh public psychiatric beds in establishments; (o) training psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, psychiatric social workers, and clinical psychologists; and (p) disability-adjusted life years.
The estimated number of people suffering from mental morbidity is around 13 crores. The provisions for care and treatment are lacking, and the resulting mental morbidity would result in significant disability and unemployment. A lack of treatment and care could also increase the rates of suicides, violence, and homelessness. The treatment gap as per NMHS is 7%–92% across all diagnoses. Despite all the interventions that are currently in place, three out of the four PMI remain untreated. With such high treatment gaps, there could be a very high rate of unemployment. Since there is a lack of data in terms of unemployment rates in mentally ill in India, the researchers came to a consensus that half of the PMI are unemployed and unable to earn their livelihood. Thus, 6.5 crores PMI could be estimated to be unemployed. As per the Minimum Wages Act of 1948, the government has fixed the national floor level minimum wages to be Rs. 176/day from 2017. This would result in a monthly loss of Rs. 176 × 25 days/person = Rs. 4400/Person.
The annual loss because of unemployment can be estimated to be Rs. 4400 × 12 months × 6.5 Crores = Rs. 343,200 Crores.
If the government does not invest in providing access to mental health care as per Section 18 of the MHCA 2017, the PMI will have to spenf from their pocket for the treatment from the private health sector. The treatment costs to be borne by the PMI just for the outpatient care can be estimated as the total number of persons who have mental illness as per the NMHS data multiplied by the minimum amount spent on consultations for illness (direct and indirect cost). The direct cost includes consultation charges, assessments, investigations, medication and psychosocial intervention, which is estimated to be Rs. 1000/month per patient. The indirect expenses include travel, loss of 1-day wages for two persons, food and time, which is estimated to be Rs. 500/month per patient. Total cost (including both direct and indirect) will be 1500 Rs. per month. This amount needs to be reimbursed as per section 18 (5f). Monthly estimated costs on PMI for outpatient treatment is the total number of persons suffering from mental illness × Rs. 1500/month, i.e., 13 Crores × Rs. 1500 = Rs. 19,500 Crores/month.
Annual estimated cost just for outpatient treatment would be Rs. 19,500 Crores × 12 months = Rs. 234,000 crores/year.
The annual estimated cost for inpatient treatment for 7.8 lakhs PMI × 31500 rs = Rs. 2457 Crores does not change between private and public mental health sector for inpatient services.
The WHO estimates that 10% of the world's population has some form of disability. However, a study conducted to determine the prevalence and pattern of disability in all age groups in a rural community of Karnataka reported that the overall prevalence of disability was 6.3% (60/954). The most common type of disability among disabled persons was a mental disability, at 2.3% (22/954). From this study, one can easily estimate that 2.5 crore people in the population will have a mental disability in India., The disability pension that the government provides for severe mental illness currently is Rs. 1000/month.
The total costs for providing disability pension will be 2.5 crore PMI × Rs. 1000 per month × 12 months = Rs. 30,000 crores/year.
The total direct and indirect costs incurred by Government for not providing comprehensive mental health care, (which is one of the factors that could minimize the losses incurred by losing productivity due to disability resulting from mental illness) will be 343,200 (unemployment) +234,000 (outpatient) +2457 (inpatient) +30000 (disability pension) = Rs. 609,657 Crores/year. However, the conservative estimated total cost on government is 94,073 crore rupees to invest in the implementation of MHCA, 2017. The total loss incurred comes to be around 6.5 times higher than the investment that the government must make, to provide comprehensive mental health care. A study of global return on investment analysis for a scaled-up response to the public health and economic burden of depression and anxiety disorders across 36 countries reported substantial economic returns (3.5-5.7-1) benefits on investment in mental health-care services. In other words, the present study also depicts that investing in implementation of MHCA, 2017 by the government will yield 6.5 times the return on investment analysis benefit.
As per NHMS, approximately 50% of the PMI access public mental health-care sector. Considering that 50% of them seek help in the public health sector, the government need to invest at least Rs. 47,036 Crores per annum. On the other hand, the government can also argue that there is an 80% treatment gap, then also they must invest Rs18,814 Crores per annum immediately from this financial year. However, keeping the spirit of the MHCA, 2017, the government needs to implement the Act because it is "Rights Based" legislation. It would be prudent to increase the allocation of funds for mental health-care services in India not only because we now have a rights-based legislation but also from the economic perspective.
MHCA 2017 is a step in the right direction. The approximate conservative estimated total cost on government to implement the act is 94,073 crore rupees. The loss incurred by the government for non-investment on mental health care is estimated to be 6.5 times more per annum than the investment that the government must make, to implement MHCA, 2017. However, one must be cautious to consider the limitation of the study before interpreting the results of the study. When the decision is to overhaul an entire system, we must also consider the political will, available funds, infrastructure, and trained human resources available for providing rights-based mental health-care services. Ultimately, the implementation of any rights-based legislation largely depends on the proactive measures taken by the respective governments.
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SVSU / Newsroom / All News/Archive
SVSU welcomes expert on climate change effect on small islands
Saginaw Valley State University will welcome a recognized authority on the effect of climate change on small island states. Lorna Veronica Inniss, acting director of the Coastal Zone Management Unit in Barbados, will speak Monday, Sept. 14 at 7:30 p.m. in SVSU's Rhea Miller Recital Hall.
Climate change can be linked to a number of problems unique to small islands, such as rising sea levels that can result in decreased land area, warming sea surface temperatures, human health effects and natural environmental disasters. These are a few examples of the issues that impact the sociological, economic, and cultural futures of these small, independent nations.
Through her work with the Caribbean island nation of Barbados, Inniss has taken a leadership role in addressing this challenge. She serves as the island's primary contact to the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, and played a key role in developing the Barbados Program of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States. The program was adopted as a way to understand and address these special challenges; it was implemented within the United Nations Division for Sustainable Development.
Inniss also served as the elected chair of the U.N. Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Caribbean Tsunamis and Coastal Hazards Warning System from 2008-2012. She is the joint coordinator of a group of experts established by the United Nations General Assembly to deliver the first ever Integrated Global Marine Assessment. Later this year, Inniss will be taking a position as head of the Caribbean Environment Programme, United Nations Environment Programme. She completed a Ph.D. in oceanography and coastal sciences at Louisiana State University.
In addition to her public talk, Inniss also will meet with SVSU faculty, staff and students during her visit.
SVSU earns 'Best Dorms' in Michigan ranking, No. 26 nationally
Saginaw Valley State University's campus housing facilities were ranked No. 1 in Michigan by a website grading "Best Dorms" in the United States.
SVSU was ranked No. 26 nationally.
The website, Niche, calculated the rankings using a weighted formula where 70 percent of a school's score came from students' satisfaction with their housing. The website surveyed 60,000 students from 903 colleges and universities. The rest of the formula was based upon housing costs, capacity and crime rates; each counted for 10 percent of the total score.
News of SVSU's stellar review was no surprise to Ashley Murdock, an elementary education major from Oxford. She serves as president of the Residence Housing Association, a student organization for SVSU's residential population.
"We have such a positive energy here, and the residence halls are so homey," the sophomore said. "We really take pride in them. This ranking doesn't surprise me."
Before applying to SVSU, Mudrock had not visited the campus housing facilities.
"Once I saw the residence halls, I knew this was where I was supposed to be," Murdock said. "It felt so welcoming and open. It felt like home."
A new crop of Cardinals will have an opportunity to share that feeling when the fall semester begins. Residential students begin moving in Wednesday, August 26. Classes begin Monday, August 31. More than 70 percent of the freshman class is expected to live on campus, continuing a seven-year trend.
"Once the semester starts, there's always something going on in the residence halls," Murdock said. "There are a lot of really awesome programs."
To view the "Best Dorms" list, go to https://colleges.niche.com/rankings/best-dorms/.
SVSU creates graduate fellowship for study of Fredericks, Follett, Roethke
Saginaw Valley State University will welcome scholars to study the art and literature of three renowned figures through a newly established program, the Fredericks-Follett-Roethke Graduate Fellowship in the Arts & Humanities.
SVSU is home to archival collections of popular British author Ken Follett; the late Michigan sculptor Marshall Fredericks; and the late poet Theodore Roethke, a Saginaw native.
"We are fortunate to have these incredibly rich resources at SVSU, and we don't want them sitting idle," said Deb Huntley, provost and vice president for academic affairs. "We want to see them used and studied. Through the work of the scholars selected for the fellowship, over time we should gain a deeper understanding of these artists and their legacies, what inspired them, and how they applied their craft."
Scholars selected for the residency will be graduate students who conduct original research on the works of one or more of the individuals whose collections are housed at SVSU. They are expected to share their findings publicly through a conference paper, published article in a scholarly journal, or other appropriate outlet.
The first recipient of the fellowship is Nick Hartigan, a fifth-year doctoral student at the University of Michigan who specializes in the study of 20th-century sculpture, particularly the period 1965 to 1995. He will conduct a research residency at SVSU during the summer of 2016.
Hartigan's research will focus on the works and career of Marshall Fredericks, but he also will be introduced to the writings and materials of Follett and Roethke.
In addition to conducting research, Hartigan will speak to SVSU students as a guest lecturer in multiple classes during his residency.
SVSU is home to the Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum. Named for the preeminent 20th-century American figurative sculptor who spent most of his career in Michigan, his well-known public works include "The Spirit of Detroit" and the "Cleveland War Memorial: Fountain of Eternal Life." Fredericks' collection includes some 200 pieces; few American sculptors have given their entire collection to one institution.
The Fredericks Archives at SVSU were established in 2005, following receipt of the sculptor's business and personal records, and span the 70 years of Fredericks' career from 1928 to 1998. Materials include personal, foreign ministry, and general correspondence as well as special letters and cards received by Fredericks; photographs relating to Frederick's teaching career, projects, civic activities, and personal life; project files, media articles, journals, clippings and books about Fredericks and his work; and numerous other resources.
The Follett Archives at SVSU provide interesting insight into the writing process employed by international best-selling author Ken Follett, and are considered to be the largest collection of such materials in the world. His wide-ranging works include the spy thriller "Eye of the Needle" (1978) and medieval historical fiction such as "World Without End" (2007).
Follett's archives at SVSU were initiated in 2000, with the author's gift of his business correspondence, drafts, working notes, handwritten outlines, unproduced screenplays and interview notes. These mostly unpublished working documents relate primarily to Follett's novels and creative works written between 1978 and 2007. Also included in the archives are an extensive collection of his published books, including long-out-of-print novels and children's books published pseudonymously, anthologized short stories, first editions, and a selection of his novels translated into foreign languages.
Theodore Roethke, arguably Saginaw's most famous native son, is considered one of the most influential American poets of the 20th century. His nine books of poetry and other writings earned him every major award available to an American poet, including two National Book Awards and the Pulitzer Prize. In 2005, Roethke's widow, Beatrice Roethke Lushington, enhanced the existing Theodore Roethke Collection at SVSU through the donation of her personal collection of first editions of her husband's work and ten books of literary criticism about Roethke.
Other materials in the Roethke Collection include extensive files related to the Roethke Memorial Poetry Prize from its establishment in 1968 through 2014. The Theodore Roethke Home Museum, located off-campus in Saginaw, serves as an additional resource and is maintained by the Friends of Theodore Roethke, an organization which donated numerous documents to the Roethke Collection at SVSU.
Saginaw Valley State University is a comprehensive university with more than 90 programs of study for its nearly10,000 students. Located on a suburban campus in Michigan's Great Lakes Bay Region, SVSU is committed to quality teaching in the classroom, field-based learning, leadership in STEM education (science, technology, engineering, math), NCAA Division II athletics and a broad range of academic and extracurricular opportunities for students to excel.
SVSU's K-12 Literacy Specialist Endorsement Program recognized for excellence
Saginaw Valley State University's literacy specialist program has received accreditation from the International Literacy Association.
"The program excels in its emphasis on helping teachers engage in progressive, research-based practices across content areas," said Gretchen Owocki, SVSU professor of teacher education.
SVSU's program is designed for K-12 teachers who have initial certification and want to become more effective literacy teachers in their classrooms or who aspire to work as a reading specialist or literacy coach.
"Literacy is the key to learning in any classroom," said Debbie Smith, SVSU professor of teacher education, "and guiding students to read and write in each content area is the best way to promote lifelong learning."
Literacy specialist students at SVSU engage in field experience in local schools and SVSU's reading clinic. Many of the courses in the 36-credit graduate program are offered online.
While much emphasis is rightly placed on the importance of early childhood literacy and learning to read, literacy experts say that advanced literacy and reading to learn is increasingly critical in the modern information age.
"Literacy is fundamental to all aspects of education, including 21st century citizenship," said Vetta Vratulis, SVSU associate professor of teacher education. "Empowering children to become active readers and writers at a young age equips them with the knowledge and skills to achieve their lifetime goals."
For more information, visit www.svsu.edu/teaching/specializations/k12literacy/, or contact certification officer Kathy Lopez atklopez@svsu.edu, Owocki at gowocki@svsu.edu or Vratulis at vvratuli@svsu.edu.
SVSU and high school educators and students participate in SVSU, Dow Chemical Foundation research projects
Saginaw Valley State University faculty are leading six environmental research studies this summer, working with 10 teachers and 21 students from a dozen K-12 schools in Bay, Gladwin, Midland, Saginaw, Shiawassee and Tuscola counties.
Ten SVSU students also are participating in the studies, which will involve field studies in the Saginaw Bay and its connected river systems.
The studies are coordinated through SVSU's Dow Science and Sustainability Education Center. The education center is the result of a partnership between SVSU and the Dow Chemical Co. Foundation aimed at increasing interest in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM).
David Karpovich, SVSU's H.H. Dow Endowed Chair in Chemistry and one of the Dow Science and Sustainability Education Center's leaders, said the education center and its research projects benefit all participants.
"The high school students get their first big experience of STEM outside of the classroom by working on real research," Karpovich said. "The college students also gain very beneficial experience. Most of all, I hope that all of the students are inspired by the program as they decide what careers to pursue."
"The high school teachers benefit from the experience in many ways from their own professional development to finding ideas for their own classrooms," he added. "Our faculty certainly enjoy the chance to share their research, but they are especially enthusiastic about the interactions with all of the participants."
This marks the second summer of the Dow Science and Sustainability Education Center summer research experience. Adrianne Cole was a teacher at Heritage High School in Saginaw Township when she participated in 2014's research initiative.
"I was also able to explore the engineering aspect of STEM - something that had always intimidated me as a biology and chemistry teacher," she said. "Being part of the overall research on the Saginaw Bay watershed also allowed me to bring my newfound knowledge back to my own classroom and make chemistry relevant to the area that my students live in."
Since last year, Cole joined SVSU as the university's STEM program manager, putting her in a leadership role with the summer research projects.
Participating local schools for 2015 include:
• All Saints Central High School in Bay City
• Bangor Township Schools
• Bay City Central High School
• Beaverton High School
• Bullock Creek
• Cass City High School
• Essexville-Hampton Public Schools
• Freeland High School
• Midland Public Schools
• New Lothrop High School
• Nouvel Catholic Central High School in Saginaw Township
• Saginaw Arts & Sciences Academy
• Saginaw Township Community Schools
• Reese High School
• Valley Lutheran High School in Saginaw Township
The Dow Science & Sustainability Education Center at SVSU was funded by The Dow Chemical Company Foundation in December 2013 for the purpose of enhancing STEM education in the Great Lakes Bay Region at all levels. For more information, visit http://www.svsu.edu/dowsciencesustainabilityeducationcenter/
SVSU moot court program attains national top 20 ranking
Saginaw Valley State University's moot court program is quickly establishing itself among the nation's best.
SVSU's undergraduate program now ranks no. 20 overall in the national rankings and earned a no. 17 finish for the 2014-15 academic year. A relatively young program (formed in 2010), SVSU has quickly climbed ahead of highly regarded schools such as Duke University and the University of Chicago.
"We have progressed so quickly because of the culture of excellence and hard work created by the students in the program," said Julie Keil, SVSU assistant professor of political science and moot court adviser. "Students with very busy schedules take time to practice outside of class, go to invitational tournaments and to mentor each other. We also receive a great deal of support from the university that makes competition at such a high level possible."
SVSU's high ranking is based upon strong performances at the American Collegiate Moot Court Association national tournament in Miami last January. Recent graduates Samantha Jackson, a political science major from Goodells, and Rachel Stocki, a business major from St. Clair, together placed 21st in the tournament, losing to the eventual champion.
The SVSU team of Rachel Cahill, a political science major from Niagara Falls, Ontario, and Jacob Mojica, a political science major from Freeland, also qualified for the national tournament and finished 59th overall.
In a moot court competition, students act as attorneys in teams of two. They make arguments to a panel of judges by drawing from constitutional law and Supreme Court cases. Judges then decide winners based on public speaking ability, knowledge of cases and of law, and the ability to answer questions.
Jackson is attending the University of Michigan Law School this fall; Stocki is employed as a continuous improvement analyst for a major automotive supplier in suburban Detroit.
Keil, a former practicing attorney, said students reap significant benefits by participating in the program.
"Our students getting into good law schools and graduate schools is not new, but the skills moot court students learn and the relationships they form with the local bar associations, attorneys and judges through this program help them be more competitive for scholarships, as well as helping to ensure success when they get there," she said.
SVSU moot court graduates are seeing success at the law school level. SVSU graduate Ashley Hanson Chrysler was part of a Michigan State University College of Law team that won the nation's largest law school-level moot court competition, topping 202 teams at the American Bar Association's National Appellate Advocacy Competition April 9-11 in Chicago.
For more information on SVSU's moot court program, visit http://www.svsu.edu/prelaw/studentopportunities/mootcourt/.
SVSU Students Construct Playground Equipment for local Child Care Center
A group of Saginaw Valley State University students will devote a summer Saturday to a service project, as they build and install playground equipment at Great Beginnings Christian Childcare Center in Saginaw County's Kochville Township. Work will begin at 10 a.m. this Saturday, July 25 and continue until the project is completed.
The students are members of Alpha Phi Omega, a national coed service fraternity. The SVSU chapter has more than 40 members, and event organizer Anna Nowak, an elementary education major from Garden City, expects more than a dozen students to participate Saturday, as well as a few alumni.
SVSU students selected Great Beginnings after learning of the facility's needs from two of the chapter's advisers. Mike Major, director of Career Services, and Bob Tuttle, professor of mechanical engineering, both use the center for their children.
Limited tickets on sale for TED Talks-style event at SVSU
Saginaw Valley State University will host a speaker series and technology showcase in the style of the TED Talks videos made popular on social media. TEDxSVSU is scheduled Saturday, Aug. 1, from 9 a.m. to 3:40 p.m. in SVSU's Rhea Miller Recital Hall.
Guest speakers scheduled to appear plan to discuss topics including smartphone security, how to be a good father, Pinterest, and how humans can learn from horses.
George Corser, SVSU assistant professor of computer science and computer information systems and faculty adviser for TEDxSVSU, is leading a team of SVSU student volunteers in organizing the event.
"My mission here is to present new ideas, as well as insightful, creative and uncommon perspectives to people who love learning," he said. "We want to bring anybody interested in learning to this event, and introduce them to all sorts of topics."
Tickets for TEDxSVSU are $25 and remain available. To purchase tickets, visit www.tedxsvsu.edu or call (989) 964-4295.
Tickets allow access to the speaker series; attending an accompanying technology showcase, however, is free of charge.
Outside of the recital hall, attendees will be able to view and interact with technology such as remote control vehicles, 3-D printers, an online bitcoin mining system and a virtual reality head-mounted display known as Oculus Rift.
The initiative TEDx encourages independent organizers - including universities - to host events similar to the TED Talks speaker series.
A full list of scheduled presenters is available at www.tedxsvsu.com. Those scheduled to speak include:
• Kate Cardinali, an SVSU alumna and owner of Bay City-based Innovative Media and Design, a marketing solutions firm. Her discussion will cover topics ranging from Pinterest to parenting.
• Drew Korpal, a veteran of the first Gulf War who later pursued careers as a warehouse worker and a corrections officer. His interest lies in puzzles. During his SVSU appearance, he plans to discuss a newer model of problem-solving involving human communities in this hyper-connected age.
• Godfrey Nolan, a renowned book author and expert in the field of security in smartphone software development. He plans to discuss mobile device security during his SVSU appearance.
• Jason Pockrandt, a motivational speaker, will discuss fatherhood during his TEDxSVSU talk. He hopes to inspire and motivate struggling fathers to re-evaluate choices and re-examine their lives.
• Tracy Weber, a recognized leader in horse-assisted learning for humans. She has facilitated horse-assisted learning programs across the globe, and will discuss how humans can learn from horses.
Lunch at SVSU's Marketplace at Doan cafeteria is included with each ticket purchase. For social media updates, visit the TEDxSVSU Facebook page or follow the Twitter account @TEDxSVSU.
SVSU to offer new endorsement for special education students
Saginaw Valley State University has received renewed authorization from the Michigan Department of Education to offer an endorsement for students in its teacher preparation and special education programs. SVSU will begin offering an updated curriculum for the endorsement in cognitive impairment this fall for students pursuing bachelor's and master's degrees.
"This endorsement will help us better prepare educators to meet the unique learning needs of youth who have a cognitive impairment," said Dorothy Millar, SVSU professor of teacher education. "There is a shortage of teachers in Michigan with this specialization."
Cognitive impairment, previously referred to as mental impairment or mental retardation, is a broad and complex classification regarding intellectual and developmental disabilities. Under the Michigan Administrative Rules for Special Education, students are eligible to receive individualized special education programming when they are determined to have a cognitive impairment.
When identifying the students' strengths and needs, and when provided effective instruction and support, students with cognitive impairments can reach their full potential in academics and in all aspects of living resulting in a high quality of life.
Millar said SVSU graduates of the program will be well-prepared.
"We have designed our program to be heavy on field experience, collaborating with school districts in urban and rural settings to ensure our students receive a well-rounded education," she said. "We also have placed an emphasis on connecting course work to the leading evidence-based instructional practices in the field, so that our graduates are using the most effective methods to teach their students."
SVSU will begin offering courses in the program this August. For more information, contact Millar at dmmillar@svsu.edu, or Kathy Lopez, SVSU certification officer at 989-964-4057 or klopez@svsu.edu.
SVSU Athletics Receives GLIAC Community Engagement Award
The Saginaw Valley State University Athletic Department has been awarded the Community Engagement Award from the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC) for the 2014-15 academic year. It is the sixth time that the department has been honored for its community activities.
The event that earned the SVSU Athletic Department the award was the Cardinal Kids Club Kick-off Event, which featured a membership drive for the Cardinal Kids Club and a free football clinic. The CKC Kick-off was open to the general public and served as the first official event that triggered a series of seven free sports clinics (Community Youth Days) for the 2014-15 season. The clinic was held on August 24, 2014 for kids in grades K-8. During registration for the event, inflatables were available for play and kids entered for chances to win prizes, including replica jerseys of former SVSU football players who currently play in the National Football League. After the free clinic, the SVSU football team signed autographs and took pictures with the kids.
The 2014 Kick-off event registered 75 kids for the Cardinal Kids Club and there were a total of 111 children who attended the free football clinic. Post-event membership numbers for the club grew to 111. The club provides kids and families the opportunity for first hand interactions with the SVSU student-athletes, helping them relate to them on a more personal level when they attend various athletic contests throughout the year. Many more families are now seen in the stands at athletic contests because of the positive experiences the kids and parents have being a part of the Cardinal Kids Club.
Saginaw Valley created the Cardinal Kids Club in 2009 with the intent to bring families with young children in the Great Lakes Bay Region to the campus of SVSU to engage in the Cardinal Athletics experience. Members of the club are exposed to not only the athletic contests and discounts on camps, but they have the opportunity to continually interact with SVSU student-athletes, coaches, other athletic department staff, and their favorite Coop the Cardinal.
"Our Community Youth Day series provides the youth of the Great Lakes Bay Region an opportunity to learn basic skills from our talented coaches and student-athletes," stated Angela Pohl, Associate Athletic Director and Senior Woman Administrator. "With community engagement being such an integral part of the NCAA Division II initiative, we are proud to champion that effort year after year and look forward to hosting the kids and their families on campus where they can be both a participant and a spectator. The contributions from our entire athletic department and community partner, Catholic Federal Credit Union have been instrumental in the community youth days long standing success and popularity."
This 2015 GLIAC Community Engagement Award marks the third time that the SVSU Athletic Department has received the honor from the league in the seven years since its inception. SVSU has garnered recognition from the NCAA in the 2010, 2011 and 2012 seasons as well for the Community Youth Days, Trunk or Treat Around the Track and Breast Cancer Awareness events, respectively.
In 2015, SVSU received the Community Engagement classification from the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, a distinction achieved by only 7 percent of U.S. colleges and universities. By their senior year, 84 percent of students have engaged with community employers and agencies in internships, field placements or some other component of their academic preparation. National research has shown that students who are engaged in the community and on campus are more likely to be successful academically, and to have the critical thinking, problem-solving skills, self-efficacy, and adaptability desired by employers.
"This newest award exemplifies how community engagement extends across the campus of SVSU," said Dr. Deborah Huntley, Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs. "Whether it is academic or athletic-based involvement in the community, our students act as positive role models for area youth to achieve excellence."
Community engagement is an important Division II initiative directed at building meaningful, long-lasting bridges among athletics programs, their institutions and the communities in which they are located.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Opry Entertainment and Little Big Town Team Up For "Day Drinking Day," Launching Thursday, June 8
NASHVILLE, Tenn. – Opry Entertainment and Opry member group Little Big Town team up during CMA Music Festival for "Day Drinking Day" to introduce fans to the second of four exclusive band-curated merchandise collections, "Why Don't We Do A Little Day Drinking?" Thursday, June 8 at The Nashville Collection, adjacent to the Wildhorse Saloon on 2nd Avenue.
The Nashville Collection will be transformed to the Little Big Town Pop-Up Shop featuring collections inspired by Little Big Town's hits "Day Drinking" and "Boondocks" as well as other collections from the band including Kimberly Schlapman's Love & Daisies kitchen line and the Fair Child clothing line from Karen Fairchild. The fun will continue two blocks over on the Ryman Auditorium Plaza with a "Day Drinking Day" bar featuring signature cocktails created by and named after the group's members Jimi, Karen, Kimberly, and Phillip.
The day begins at 9 a.m. at Ryman Auditorium's Café Lula with a Kegs and Eggs breakfast featuring a breakfast special including draft beer. The band is scheduled to appear on SiriusXM's "Music Row Happy Hour" at 12:30 p.m. before signing merchandise from the new collection at the group's pop-up shop 2-4 p.m.
Fans in Nashville for CMA Music Fest as well as those following the fun around the world June 8 are invited to participate by tagging photos throughout the day with #DayDrinkingDay for a chance to win one of several merchandise packages to be awarded throughout the day.
The "Why Don't We Do A Little Day Drinking?" collection celebrates the laid-back spirit of Little Big Town's 2014 chart-topper in signature drinkware, T-shirts, and beach towels among other items. The collection is part of a larger retail collaboration between Opry Entertainment and the CMA/ACM Vocal Group of the Year and is exclusively available on Opry Entertainment websites (ryman.com and opry.com) and in Opry Entertainment retail stores in Nashville. Two additional collections also inspired by Little Big Town's music will be announced later this year.
The launch of the collection marks the latest of several recent milestones for Little Big Town. Earlier this year, their new album, The Breaker, debuted No. 1 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart and No. 4 on the Billboard 200, marking the group's fourth Top 10 project on the Billboard 200 chart. The album features their current hit at country radio, "Happy People" as well the two-week No. 1 single, "Better Man." The group is also currently in the middle of its 2017 residency at Opry Entertainment's lauded Ryman Auditorium, in celebration of the venue's 125-year history. For more information on residency dates, visit www.ryman.com.
About Opry Entertainment
Opry Entertainment®, a division of Ryman Hospitality Properties (NYSE: RHP), is a producer of multi-media entertainment experiences with primary interests in location-based entertainment and television and stage production. Based in Nashville, Tennessee, its core business segments include the world-famous Grand Ole Opry®, the historic Ryman Auditorium®, and legendary radio station 650 AM-WSM.
For Opry Entertainment
Dixie Owen / Schmidt Relations / 615 440 6171 dixie@schmidtpr.com
Jessie Schmidt / Schmidt Relations / 615 491 7988 jessie@schmidtpr.com
For Little Big Town
Jennifer Vessio / Jennifer.g.vessio@gmail.com


Besides being useful for taking photos, the latest generation of DSLR cameras can also be used to make videos with high definition (HD) image quality. Even many famous vloggers rely on this camera to produce their works. One fact that is quite surprising about DSLR cameras is that this camera has the most lens variants compared to other digital cameras, like the wide-angle fisheye lens and a zoom lens that reaches more than 500 mm.


text:
Gunhild Bricken Kristina Lugn est une poétesse et dramaturge suédoise née le  à Skövde dans le Västergötland et morte le  à Stockholm.

Biographie

Après ses études, Kristina Lugn se consacre entièrement à la poésie, au théâtre et à la critique littéraire. Depuis 1972, elle a publié sept recueils de poèmes d'inspiration néoromantique. Dans les années 1990, Lugn devient l'une des auteurs dramatiques les plus populaires de Suède. Ses pièces ont notamment été jouées au Théâtre Royal de Suède, au Stadtsteater de Stockholm, au Teater Brunnsgatan Fyra (très apprécié par le public suédois) puis à Édimbourg et New York. Son théâtre traite généralement, avec ironie, cynisme et humour noir de thèmes quotidiens et universels parmi lesquels la solitude, la dépression, la mort et la crise de la quarantaine.

Depuis 1997, elle dirige la programmation du Teater Brunnsgatan Fyra à Stockholm, théâtre indépendant créé par le comédien Allan Edwall. En 1999, elle obtient le prix Selma Lagerlöf.

Son patronyme « Lugn » signifie également « calme » en suédois : un double sens dont elle joue souvent avec humour.

Le , elle est élue à l'Académie suédoise en remplacement de Lars Gyllensten au fauteuil 14.

Bibliographie sélective
Titres en suédois

Pièces diverses

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Teater Brunnsgatan Fyra

Dramaturge suédois du XXe siècle
Dramaturge suédois du XXIe siècle
Poétesse suédoise
Lauréat du prix Bellman
Lauréat du prix Dobloug
Lauréat du prix Selma-Lagerlöf
Membre de l'Académie suédoise
Naissance en novembre 1948
Naissance à Skövde
Lauréat du grand prix des Neuf
Décès en mai 2020
Décès  à 71 ans
Décès à Stockholm


text:
Шкура́тівка — село в Україні, в Сумському районі Сумської області. Населення становить 469 осіб. Орган місцевого самоврядування — Шкуратівська сільська рада.

Після ліквідації Білопільського району 19 липня 2020 року село увійшло до Сумського району.

Географія
Село Шкуратівка розташоване біля витоків струмка без назви, який за 6 км впадає у річку Вир, нижче за течією на відстані 0.5 км розташоване місто Ворожба, за 10 км на захід від райцентру, міста Білопілля..

Струмок пересихає, на ньому декілька загат.

Поруч пролягає автомобільний шлях .

Історія
 Село засноване в середині XIX століття.
 За даними на 1864 рік на хуторі Климівської волості Сумського повіту Харківської губернії мешкало 12 осіб (5 чоловічої статі та 7 — жіночої), налічувалось 2 дворових господарства.
 Село постраждало внаслідок геноциду українського народу, проведеного урядом СРСР 1923—1933 та 1946–1947 роках.

Економіка
 Молочно-товарна ферма.

Соціальна сфера
 Школа І-ІІ ст.
 Клуб.
 Будинок культури.
 Фельдшерсько-акушерський пункт.

Пам'ятки
 У селі розташований Дендропарк «Шкуратівський».

Відомі люди
 Мухопад Йосип Хомич — український учитель, природолюб-аматор, учитель біології шкуратівської школи.

Примітки

Джерела
 Історія міст та сіл УРСР (рос.)
 Погода в селі Шкуратівка

Сумський повіт
Села Сумської області
Населені пункти Сумського району


text:
Q: Install Programs from Source in Kickstart Script I'm working on a kickstart script for a custom Scientific Linux ISO. However I am running into an issue with installing some programs from source.
Below is the general syntax I am trying. Where I will copy the .tgz file to the /tmp/ directory and then I will just have it execute the commands. When I do this logged into a computer, it works fine. However I believe when the kickstart script is trying to run it, it's not staying in the initial directory like I want it to. All of my rpm installs work fine due to it just being 1 command. Is there another method of how I should try to compile these?
%post --nochroot
cp -f nmap-6.01.tgz $INSTALL_ROOT/tmp/

%post
tar xzf /tmp/nmap-6.01.tgz -C /tmp/
cd /tmp/nmap-6.01 && ./configure && make && make install
rm -f /tmp/nmap-6.01.tgz
rm -rf /tmp/nmap-6.01

Thanks in advance.
Edit:
For nmap I ended up getting the rpm and it worked fine. However there are still other programs I have to compile that I will need to figure this out for.
Edit2:
I broke it down a little more and added some additional logging and this is what I see now.

configure: error: installation or configuration problem: C compiler cannot create executables

Then when I look at the actual config.log file I see this error.

collect2: cannot find 'ld'

and
It works fine when I'm logged in, so yet again it's something to do with how it's being built in the kickstart.
cd /tmp/nmap-6.01 && ./configure >> /tmp/nmap.log 2>> /tmp/nmap.log
cd /tmp/nmap-6.01 && make >> /tmp/nmap.log 2>> /tmp/nmap.log
cd /tmp/nmap-6.01 && make install >> /tmp/nmap.log 2>> /tmp/nmap.log

A: Yeah, I was going to ask why you weren't using the distribution's nmap package.
The right answer if you're looking to distribute software that's source-only is to create your own RPM repository and distribute those packages as RPM's. E.g. build your own RPM's of the software you need to deploy.
But in general, for your specific setup, try breaking the build into multiple parts. Perhaps use some basic variables with full paths to the commands.
Edit:
And of course... you may not have all of the development tools you need in your installation environment...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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