text:
How AA and Psychotherapy Can Work Together
By Edward J. Khantzian, MD
Psychiatric TimesPsychiatric Times Vol 16 No 7
Until the last half of this century, there were few if any treatments that seemed consistently effective in responding to the clinical needs of individuals who were abusing or dependent upon alcohol. As a result, support or self-help groups emerged. Alcoholics Anonymous is an extraordinary example of these groups.
Until the last half of this century, there were few if any treatments that seemed consistently effective in responding to the clinical needs of individuals who were abusing or dependent upon alcohol. As a result, as is so often the case when professionals are unable to provide adequate solutions for such problems, support or self-help groups emerged (Caplan, 1974). Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an extraordinary example of these groups.
AA had its beginnings in 1935 when two alcoholics, Bill W and Dr. Bob S, met and began to work with alcoholics in Akron, Ohio. Together they recruited others who admitted an inability to control their use of alcohol, who supported each others' attempts to abstain, and who spread the word that alcoholism was a disease, which alcoholics could help each other to overcome. Public admission of vulnerability, spirituality, taking inventory of one's life, admitting to personal wrongs, and sharing with and committing to help others became crucial elements in transforming the lives of alcoholics.
In 1974, Gerald Caplan described how such self-help groups (he called them support systems) evolve, drawing attention to and providing legitimacy to understanding and remediating such problems. He observed that in doing so, the groups encourage professionals to become more aware of and involved with problems such as alcoholism. Caplan emphasized that self-help proponents and professionals do not need to, nor should they, compete.
In the first two decades of its existence, AA was slow to gain wide recognition or acceptance. Over the last half of this century, however, the program has grown to thousands of AA groups throughout the world, and an estimated 1.5 million to 2 million individuals are involved in AA (Emrick, 1994; Galanter et al., 1998). During this time, there have been an increasing number of medical and psychiatric practitioners and other health care professionals who have been more effectively responding to the medical and psychological problems associated with alcoholism. Early pioneers included William D. Silkworth, M.D. (Bill W's physician); Ruth Fox, M.D., the founder of the American Society of Addiction Medicine; and Stanley Gitlow, M.D., among other prominent physicians.
In conjunction with the successes of AA, the clinicians and investigators who have subsequently become involved have given increasing hope for prospects of treatment and successful recovery. Given the growing acceptance of both approaches, Caplan's original admonition that self-help programs and professionals need not compete has been replaced by a new challenge: how can AA work with and in psychotherapy-and why should it?
An increasing number of clinical investigators and scholars have studied the therapeutic elements of AA. (An extensive review of this literature goes beyond my scope here, but the interested reader is referred to recent reviews that examine these findings [Emrick, 1994; Galanter et al., 1998; Khantzian, 1994, 1995a; Khantzian and Mack, 1989]). There are, however, some investigators who have recently addressed more precisely how AA accesses and modifies alcoholics' vulnerabilities and what some of the psychotherapeutic implications might be for such patients in psychotherapy.
These authors identify crucial elements in AA that establish and maintain abstinence and, perhaps more significantly, draw attention to aspects of AA that are important in producing personality changes and modifying the distress and suffering associated with addictive behaviors. Bean's examination of how AA and psychotherapists can more effectively break through the denial of alcoholics (1975), and Brown's (1985) focus on the central problem of loss of control in alcoholics and the need to maintain their identity as alcoholics have been of singular importance. Bateson (1971) provided a scholarly description of alcoholics' proud and self-sufficient battle with alcohol and the need to relinquish this struggle and engage with others in meaningful contact. Kurtz (1982) focused on alcoholics' need to accept "essential limitation" and AA as a therapy for shame. I recently described how AA challenges alcoholics' problems with engagement and contact (Khantzian, 1995a). These perspectives all emphasize the importance of addressing characteristic (or characterologic) vulnerabilities in the personality organization of alcoholics, and their need for human connection and comfort.
Partly independent of and partly in conjunction with these recent views of AA, contemporary psychodynamic clinicians have focused on deficits in self-regulation and related defenses. These vulnerabilities and defenses involve feelings, self-esteem, relationships and self-care. Knowledge of these allows us to appreciate how and why alcoholics suffer in the ways they do, and what the psychotherapeutic implications might be for such vulnerabilities (Dodes, 1988, 1990; Khantzian, 1981, 1995a, 1995b; Khantzian et al., 1990; Krystal, 1989; Mack, 1981; Wurmser, 1974).
These findings and explanations of alcoholics' vulnerabilities and how and why AA works stimulated me to consider how psychotherapists need to function in evaluating, brokering, monitoring and directing roles to coordinate the clinical needs of patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) (Khantzian, 1988). I described the role of such a clinician as a primary care therapist (Khantzian, 1988, 1985) and emphasized that psychotherapists must not use their alliance only to foster exploration of patients' vulnerabilities, deficits and defenses. I suggested it might be even more important, at least initially, to use the treatment relationship to broker other interventions-especially self-help groups such as AA-to establish abstinence, and to provide the needed support and comfort for alcoholics derived from being with others who suffered and struggled as they did.
The active involvement of the psychotherapist in the brokering and monitoring roles with AA and other needed interventions is important in a number of respects: It further facilitates the therapeutic relationship by maintaining a focus on survival requirement and the need for auxiliary sources of comfort and support; it allows the therapist to monitor how social phobias and/or panic might make AA unlikely as a beneficial prospect; in other instances it might be important in overcoming initial resistances to AA and other support groups; and it could help clinicians determine what combination of self-help and other therapeutic interventions, including or playing down individual psychotherapy, might be most beneficial for which patients.
AA works in psychotherapy because what is evoked in the storytelling and listening traditions in self-help groups naturally complements and resonates with the psychotherapeutic traditions of self-examination, acknowledging distress and coping with it, and fostering personality change. Psychotherapy by design is more interactive and has the added advantage of being more focused and guided. In this respect, clinicians have the special opportunity to pursue the problems of self-regulation, distress, and "character defects" that are revealed or stirred in the storytelling traditions (drunkalogues) of AA. Self-help programs and psychotherapy interact to mutually enrich a better understanding of the special needs and vulnerabilities of individuals in recovery. AA effectively prescribes needed control and direction (e.g., go to meetings; ask for help), and psychotherapy explores and focuses in a sustained way on the suffering and compensatory defenses associated with alcoholic vulnerability. Both stimulate personality change and maturation.
References1. Bateson G (1971), The cybernetics of "self": A theory of alcoholism. Psychiatry 34(1):1-18.
2. Bean MH (1975), Alcoholics Anonymous: AA. Psychiatric Annals 5:3-64.
3. Brown S (1985), Treating the Alcoholic: A Developmental Model of Recovery. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
4. Caplan G (1974), Support Systems and Community Mental Health. New York: Behavioral Publications.
5. Dodes LM (1990), Addiction, helplessness and narcissistic rage. Psychoanal Q 59(3):398-419.
6. Dodes LM (1988), The psychology of combining dynamic psychotherapy and Alcoholics Anonymous. Bull Menninger Clin 52(4):283-293.
7. Emrick CD (1994), Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step groups. In: Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment, Galanter MC, Kleber HD, eds. Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Press Inc., pp 351-358.
8. Galanter M, Castaneda R, Franco H (1998), Group therapy, Self-Help Groups, and Network Therapy. In: Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders, 2nd ed., Frances RJ, Miller SI, eds. New York: Guilford Publications Inc., pp 521-546.
9. Khantzian EJ (1995a), The 1994 distinguished lecturer in substance abuse. J Subst Abuse Treat 12(3):157-165.
10. Khantzian EJ (1995b), Self-regulation vulnerabilities in substance abusers: treatment implications. In: The Psychology and Treatment of Addictive Behavior, Dowling S, ed. Madison, Conn.: International Universities Press, pp 17-41.
11. Khantzian EJ (1994), How AA works and why it's important for clinicians to understand. J Substance Abuse Treat 11(2):77-92.
12. Khantzian EJ (1988), The primary care therapist and patient needs in substance abuse treatment. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 14(2):159-167.
13. Khantzian EJ (1985), Psychotherapeutic intervention with substance abusers-the clinical context. J Subst Abuse Treat 2(2):83-88.
14. Khantzian EJ (1981), Some treatment implications of the ego and self-disturbances in alcoholism. In: Dynamic Approaches to Understanding and Treatment of Alcoholism, Bean MH, Zinberg NE, eds. New York: Free Press, pp 163-188.
15. Khantzian EJ, Mack JE (1989), AA and contemporary psychodynamic theory. In: Recent Developments in Alcoholism, Vol. VII, Galanter M, ed. New York: Plenum Press, pp 67-89.
16. Khantzian EJ, Halliday KS, McAuliffe WE (1990), Addiction and the Vulnerable Self. New York: Guilford Press.
. Krystal H (1989), Integration and Self-Healing: Affect, Trauma and Alexithymia. Hillsdale, N.J.: Analytic Press.
17. Kurtz E (1982), Why AA works: The intellectual significance of Alcoholics Anonymous. J Stud Alcohol 43(1):38-80.
18. Mack JE (1981), Alcoholism, AA and the governance of the self. In: Dynamic Approaches to the Understanding and Treatment of Alcoholism, Bean MH, Zinberg NE, eds. New York: Free Press, pp 125-162.
19. Wurmser L (1974), Psychoanalytic considerations of the etiology of compulsive drug use. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 22(4):820-843.
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Al Qaeda-linked jihadists helped incite 9/11 Cairo protest
By Thomas Joscelyn | October 26, 2012 | [email protected] | @thomasjoscelyn
Osama bin Laden, Mohammed al Zawahiri, and Sheikh Tawfiq Al 'Afani, as seen in the Al Faroq video on the protest at the US embassy in Cairo on Sept. 11, 2012. Courtesy of SITE Intelligence Group.
Several al Qaeda-linked jihadists helped incite the protest outside the US embassy in Cairo on Sept. 11. The jihadists include senior members of Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ), a group that merged with al Qaeda, and a senior Gamaa Islamiyya (IG) leader who has longstanding ties to al Qaeda's senior leadership.
Spontaneous anger over an obscure anti-Islam video titled "Innocence of Muslims" has been widely cited as the cause of the embassy protest in Cairo. But clear evidence shows that these al Qaeda-linked jihadists used clips from that film that were televised on Egyptian television as a pretext to incite a mob.
The most conspicuous of these jihadists is Rifai Ahmed Taha Musa, an IG leader who was named as a signatory on al Qaeda's infamous February 1998 fatwa announcing an Islamic Front for Jihad against Jews and Crusaders. The fatwa justified terrorist attacks against American civilians and others. Musa would later disavow his participation in the Islamic Front, but his al Qaeda ties are well established.
Al Faroq media video
The role of al Qaeda's allies, including Musa, in the embassy protest was documented in a video released by Al Faroq media earlier this month. Al Faroq, which is based in Egypt, is not an official al Qaeda media outlet, but it clearly espouses al Qaeda's ideology and frequently trumpets the terrorist organization's message. Al Qaeda has also used clips from Al Faroq's productions in its own official videos.
The Al Faroq video of the Sept. 11 US embassy protest in Cairo was first obtained and translated by SITE Intelligence Group.
The Al Faroq video attempts to brand the protest as an al Qaeda event. And indeed pro-al Qaeda sentiment was rampant. Flags commonly used by al Qaeda in Iraq are shown throughout the al Faroq video. The protesters chanted, "Obama, Obama! We are all Osama!" And the Al Faroq video splices together footage of al Qaeda's senior leaders with clips of the senior al Qaeda-allied jihadists at the embassy protest.
Osama bin Laden is heavily featured. Specifically, Al Faroq shows a clip from the deceased terror master's March 2008 message concerning cartoons that insulted the Prophet Mohammed. "In closing, I tell you: if there is no check on the freedom of your words, then let your hearts be open to the freedom of our actions," bin Laden threatened, according to SITE's translation.
The video ties bin Laden to two men who took part in the embassy protest: Mohammed al Zawahiri, who is the brother of al Qaeda emir Ayman al Zawahiri, and Sheikh Tawfiq al 'Afani, an EIJ leader who does not hide his pro-bin Laden views.
Mohammed al Zawahiri at the US embassy protest in Cairo on Sept. 11, 2012.
Mohammed al Zawahiri
Mohammed al Zawahiri is shown at the embassy rally during the Al Faroq video. In fact, Mohammed al Zawahiri admittedly helped stage the Cairo protest.
"We called for the peaceful protest joined by different Islamic factions including the [Egyptian] Islamic Jihad (and the) Hazem Abu Ismael movement," Zawahiri has explained, according to CNN.
During his appearance in the video, according to SITE's translation, Mohammed al Zawahiri calls for the makers of the film "Innocence of Muslims" to be prosecuted and "demand(s) the questioning of all of those and to stop that film that is calling for trouble."
Mohammed al Zawahiri has been coy about his al Qaeda ties. For instance, during an interview on Egyptian television earlier this month he tried to distance himself from the al Qaeda organization, while admitting that he adheres to the group's ideology.
"I do not belong to al Qaeda or any other organization, but ideologically speaking, I am in agreement with all these organizations," Zawahiri said, according to a translation by the Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI). "Our common denominator is the Islamic sharia," Zawahiri continued, reiterating that he agrees with al Qaeda's "ideology, but I'm not involved in its activity."
On other occasions, Mohammed al Zawahiri has used the word "we" when speaking about al Qaeda and has attempted to justify the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.
The Wall Street Journal has reported that US intelligence officials think Mohammed al Zawahiri put one of the suspects responsible for the terrorist attack in Benghazi in touch with his brother.
The Journal's sources identified "fighters" tied to Muhammad Jamal Abu Ahmad, an EIJ member who was released from prison last year, as participants in the Benghazi attack. Abu Ahmad "has long ties" to Ayman al Zawahiri, the Journal reported, and he "has petitioned" al Qaeda's emir "for permission to launch an al Qaeda affiliate and has secured financing from al Qaeda's Yemeni wing."
Ahmad "is building his own terror group, say Western officials, who call it the Jamal Network," according to the Journal. EIJ members are suspected of funneling Egyptian militants to training camps in Libya as well.
The Journal added: "US officials believe [Mohammed al Zawahiri] has helped Mr. Ahmad connect with the al Qaeda chief."
Sheikh 'Adil Shehato at the US embassy protest in Cairo on Sept. 11, 2012.
Sheikh 'Adel Shehato
In the Al Faroq video, Mohammed al Zawahiri's appearance is followed by that of another senior EIJ official, Sheikh 'Adel Shehato, who is shown attending the rally. According to SITE's translation, Shehato tells the camera, "We came here to support the Messenger of Allah, Allah's peace and prayer be upon him, and we say to the expatriate pigs, wait for the army of Muhammad …."
Shehato has not hidden his adherence to al Qaeda's ideology. He was interviewed by an Egyptian newspaper in August 2011, just months after his release from prison. The interview was translated by MEMRI.
The interviewer asks: "What solution is the EIJ suggesting [today], after the revolution?"
To which Shehato replied: "…We still espouse the old jihadi ideology that is today the ideology of Sheikh Ayman Al Zawahiri, the late Sheikh Osama bin Laden, and Abu Muhammad Al Maqdisi …."
After Shehato's appearance in the video, Al Faroq plays an audio clip of Harith bin Ghazi al Nadhari, an al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) religious official who claims that there is a conflict between America and those seeking to implement sharia.
Rifai Ahmed Taha Musa at the US embassy protest in Cairo on Sept. 11, 2012.
Rifai Ahmed Taha Musa
Musa is the next jihadist shown in the video, and he, too, seeks to capitalize on the anti-Islam film. "We call on Muslim youth in the world to respond in a practical way," Musa says, according to SITE's translation. "There are a billion Muslims worldwide, and if they were strong and honorable we would have defended the honor of the Prophet, Allah's peace and prayer be upon him, and America wouldn't have gotten to this way."
Although Musa has tried to distance himself from al Qaeda's February 1998 call for jihad against America, his relationship with al Qaeda's senior leaders is well-established in the public record.
In September 2000, for instance, Musa appeared between Osama bin Laden and Ayman al Zawahiri in a video broadcast on Al Jazeera. The trio called for Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman to be freed from prison in the US. Rahman, a.k.a. "the Blind Sheikh," is serving a life sentence for his role in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and a follow-on plot against New York City landmarks.
Jihadists, including those within al Qaeda, have repeatedly said that they will fight for the Blind Sheikh's freedom. For example, the IG terrorists who massacred dozens in Luxor, Egypt in 1997 left behind leaflets calling for Sheikh Rahman to be freed. Musa was involved in an effort to execute a "second Luxor," and fought efforts made by other imprisoned IG leaders to enact a ceasefire. Musa has continued to oppose revisions to the IG's ideology that some of its leaders have made in pursuit of a more politically-oriented approach.
As early as 1998, Musa had been publicly identified by the US government as an al Qaeda ally. The Clinton administration's indictment of Osama bin Laden and other al Qaeda members responsible for the Aug. 7, 1998 embassy bombings notes that al Qaeda has "functioned both on its own and through some of the terrorist organizations that operated under its umbrella." The indictment then names the EIJ, headed by Ayman al Zawahiri, and the IG, which was headed by the Blind Sheikh and then Musa, as two groups that fall under al Qaeda's "umbrella." Musa was specifically named as an unindicted co-conspirator.
In 2001, Musa was deported from Syria to Egypt, but after the fall of Hosni Mubarak's regime he was freed from prison. Even though it is in his interest to downplay or outright deny his al Qaeda links, he has not done so in his post-detention interviews.
During an interview with Asharq Al-Awsat in late September, for example, Musa conceded "there was a relationship between al Qaeda and the Islamic Group," but said "it was not in the form of a common organizational framework. " Instead, Musa said it "was similar to a relationship between any two political parties," with "exchanged benefits." There is a long history of collusion between IG leaders and al Qaeda in terrorist attacks, including the 1995 assassination attempt on Mubarak in Ethiopia.
Thus, a senior terrorist with demonstrable ties to both Osama bin Laden and Ayman al Zawahiri helped incite protesters at the anti-American rally in Cairo on Sept. 11.
Sheikh Tawfiq al 'Afani at the US embassy protest in Cairo on Sept. 11, 2012.
Sheikh Tawfiq Al 'Afani
The next EIJ leader shown in the Al Faroq video is Sheikh Tawfiq Al 'Afani, whose pro-bin Laden sensibilities are well known. In the film, Al 'Afani encourages violence against the makers of the anti-Islam film and anyone who insults the Prophet Mohammed.
"Imams of Islam all consented that everyone who cursed or mocked the Prophet, Allah's peace and prayer be upon him, must be killed," Al 'Afani says in the video, according to SITE's translation. "So, we say to the Americans and the Christians in Holland that the ruling here is killing, and we send this message to Muslims who are respectable for their religion in America, Holland, and the West, that whoever can shed the blood of the one who cursed the Prophet, then he must do so, and whoever gets killed in the process then we think that he is a martyr. We say to everyone to take footage."
Al 'Afani concludes his segment by repeating a refrain similar to the one chanted by protesters: "O Obama, we are all Osama and we say, Khybar, Khybar, O Jews, the army of Muhammad will return, Allah's peace and prayer be upon him."
Al 'Afani has openly praised Osama bin Laden at other rallies since his release from prison.
Mohammed al Zawahiri (right, in front of an al Qaeda in Iraq flag), Sheikh 'Adil Shehato (center, bottom), and Ahmad 'Ashoush (center, speaking on microphone), from an As Sahab video released on Sept. 10, 2012.
Al Qaeda's Sept. 10 video
The day before the embassy protest in Cairo, al Qaeda's official media arm, As Sahab, released a video starring Ayman al Zawahiri. In the video, al Qaeda's emir called for revenge for the killing of Abu Yahya al Libi and also used the occasion to argue that his organization's ideology is alive and well.
"Every time our blood flows for our belief, our words come alive in our Ummah," Ayman al Zawahiri said in the Sept. 10 video, according to a translation provided by SITE. "Every time martyrs fall, then the call of jihad gets new life. And every time the spirit of jihad spreads, the end nears for the arrogance and mightiness of the evil empire, America."
Zawahiri continued [emphasis added]: "America realizes full well that the material power of al-Qaeda cannot be compared to the material force of the Zionist alliance, but it understands that the message of the mujahideen in general and al Qaeda in particular is a warning to its end and defeat, because it is the message of jihad and martyrdom, and refusal of humiliation and submission, and this message has spread amongst our Muslim Ummah, which received it with acceptance and responded to it."
At this point, the As Sahab video cuts to a clip from Al Faroq media. In the foreground of the clip, both Mohammed al Zawahiri, who is sitting in front of a flag commonly associated with al Qaeda in Iraq, and Sheikh 'Adel Shehato can be clearly seen. As explained above, both attended the Sept. 11 protest in front of the US embassy.
Another longtime EIJ ideologue, Ahmed 'Ashoush, is seen speaking in the Al Faroq clip used in Ayman al Zawahiri's video. 'Ashoush's talk hits on the same theme Ayman al Zawahiri offered — that the blood of al Qaeda's martyrs keeps the group's ideology alive.
"And there were honorable men who offered everything dear, cheap and precious in this cause, and offered to us an example," 'Ashoush says, according to a translation provided by SITE.
'Ashoush continues: "Therefore, we find it incumbent upon us to offer them greetings on this day, the day when we move all of these Muslim masses towards the desired goal, towards the Islamic State – those men who sacrificed for the sake of Allah, and on top of them, Sheikh Osama bin Laden, may Allah have mercy on him and may Allah, Glorified and Exalted be He, accept him among the martyrs."
'Ashoush's praise for Osama bin Laden is not surprising.
According to MEMRI, 'Ashoush was a "close friend of Muhammad 'Atef, aka Abu Hafs Al-Masri, one of al Qaeda's most prominent military commanders." Abu Hafs was killed during the US-led bombing campaign in Afghanistan in late 2001.
'Ashoush traveled to Afghanistan in 1989 to wage jihad, MEMRI reports, and he lived in Abu Hafs al Masri's home. 'Ashoush also became "acquainted with Osama bin Laden and Ayman al Zawawhiri" before returning to Egypt to found a jihadist group. 'Ashoush was imprisoned during the 1990s and released after Hosni Mubarak's fall from power.
On Sept. 16, less than a week after the protest at the US embassy in Cairo, 'Ashoush released a fatwa online calling for the makers of the film "Innocence of Muslims" to be killed. "He who kills them is due the reward given to a mujahid from Allah, Glorified and Exalted be He," 'Ashoush claimed, according to a translation by SITE. "So, hurry, hurry, O Muslim youth in America and Europe, and teach those filthy lowly ones a lesson that all the monkeys and pigs in America and Europe will understand."
After 'Ashoush's fatwa was released, the Associated Press reported that he is an "al Qaeda-linked Egyptian jihadist…who was believed close to Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda's current No. 1, Ayman al Zawahiri."
Pretext for anti-American protest
The five senior jihadists profiled here were all imprisoned in Egypt for their roles in terrorist organizations affiliated with al Qaeda. They were released in the wake of the Egyptian revolution. They have not denied their affinity for al Qaeda since their release. At least four of them have, in fact, loudly proclaimed that they are loyal to al Qaeda's ideology. The fifth, Musa, has longstanding ties to al Qaeda's senior leadership.
The five embody the message that Ayman al Zawahiri delivered in his Sept. 10 video: Al Qaeda's ideology lives. Each of the five has sought to spark outrage over an anti-Islam film. Their belief in al Qaeda's ideology long predates "Innocence of Muslims," however.
Thomas Joscelyn is a Senior Fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies and the Senior Editor for FDD's Long War Journal.
Tags: Ayman al Zawahiri, Egypt, Gamaa Islamiyya, Mohammed al Zawahiri, September 11
On the morning of Sept 11 2012,
Nic Robertson from Londons CNN Bureau talked outside the US Embassy in Egypt with the current Al Queda leaders brother and the blind sheiks son, about the protest going on to release the blind sheik.
CNN is not showing that video.
Sun News Brian Lilley shows some of it
on youtube titled Brian Lilley: The MSM is lying about the Muslim riots.
The video is 12.01 minutes long, you will see the CNN video within the first 3 minutes.
We are fighting a hydra headed monster that has over the centuries vowed to kill us; and has gone on to kill us pretty much at will.
They are limited by their backwardness, not their desire.
But let us not name them; let us give them arms so they can fight their co-religionist who kept them down in the past. There is a great idea.
Doug Wenzel says:
This story in the London Telegraph mentions how it all got started – just riling up the rabble, to get them ready to rumble:
"Middle East protests: meet the hardline 'tele-Islamist' who brought anti-Islam film to Muslim world's attention
The violent protests over a new film insulting Islam has highlighted two conflicting new visions emerging in the post-Arab Spring world
Mr Abdullah's show broadcast clips from The Innocence of Muslims last weekend, calling for the film-makers to be executed
His inflammatory chat show on satellite television has long prided itself on baiting liberals, Christians and Jews, but last week saw Sheikh Khalid Abdullah stage the broadcasting controversy of a lifetime.
The rabble-rousing Egyptian tele-Islamist knew he had found a ratings-grabber when he found an obscure, badly-made film on the internet called the Innocence of Muslims."
//www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/9545515/Middle-East-protests-meet-the-hardline-tele-Islamist-who-brought-anti-Islam-film-to-Muslim-worlds-attention.html
Kafer says:
We supported this new government in Egypt which has freed these five formerly imprisoned Al Qaeda jihadists. They stirred up the riots that led to sharia flags flying over four U.S. embassies.
We intervened in Libya; now arms are flowing from Libya to Algeria and Palestine, and used to target Westerners, our ambassador, and Israel.
They hate our drone strikes, our imprisonment of the blind sheikh, and especially the killing of Osama Bin Laden. Surveys show that Muslims dislike America more now than in the Bush years.
It's all a powderkeg.
SPURWING PLOVER says:
Radicals and extremist no reguard for lives they need to put ot a WANTED poster for this extremist
No surprise here. For quite some time TLWJ & many of its 'posters' have been 'speaking' to this issue of infiltration & the surfacing of elements inimical to best interests of the locals, region & the world at large. Based on what 'we've' experienced & witnessed to date 'this' is obviously the 'front end' of an expanding & metastasizing human borne violent ideology bent on conquest.
Sadly, not surprising. Such is the direction Egypt has taken since the Arab Spring. I wish that the U.S. administration would not be naive about the MB. While they may not officially do the same kinds of violent actions that Al Qaida is open about, there is no difference in idealogy between them and AQ. And I know from personal experience talking to Egyptians that the common ordinary Egyptian who supports the MB also supports people like Mohamed al Zawahiri et al.

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Home / Shop / Religion & Spirituality / Land of the Crested Lion (1955)
Land of the Crested Lion (1955)
Title: Land of the Crested Lion: A Journey Through Modern Burma
Author: Ethel Mannin
Publisher: The Adventurers Club. No date, research reveals date to be 1955.
Condition: Hardcover, dust jacket. Slight tear and wear to dust jacket, minor foxing to edg
SKU: crestedlion Categories: Asia, All Rare Books, Religion & Spirituality
Condition: Hardcover, dust jacket. Slight tear and wear to dust jacket, minor foxing to edges and end papers. Text clean, binding tight. With 23 photographs.
About the book (from dust jacket):
Burma in 1954 was still in some districts harassed by insurgents, but Miss Mannin, as the guest of the Buddha Sasana Council, a Government organization, was afforded facilities for travelling the country, from the deep south, on the borders of Siam, to the far north, five miles as the crow flies from Red China. She was given armed escorts where necessary, and everywhere stayed with the people of the country. She attended Buddhist weddings, visited Meditation centres, travelled by bullock-cart across the paddy-fields to off-the-road villages, went the pagoda festivals which began at sundown and continued till sunrise, travelled down the Irrawaddy from Mandalay to Pagan, where thousands of pagodas crumble in the burning dust of a thousand years, spent three nights as the only guest in a haunted rest-house, walked in the moonlight in a shuttered village unaware of the curfew…and recounts it all with characteristic vividness and sympathy.
About Ethel Mannin (From Wikipedia):
Ethel Edith Mannin (6 October 1900 – 5 December 1984) was a popular British novelist and travel writer. She was born in London into a family with an Irish background.
Her writing career began in copy-writing and journalism. She became a prolific author, and also politically and socially concerned. Mannin's memoir of the 1920s, Confessions and Impressions sold widely and was one of the first Penguin paperbacks.
She married twice: in 1919, a short-lived relationship from which she gained one daughter, and in 1938 to Reginald Reynolds, a Quaker and go-between in India between Mahatma Gandhi and the British authorities. In 1934-5 she was in an intense but problematic intellectual, emotional and physical relationship with W. B. Yeats, who was on the rebound from Margot Ruddock and about to fall for Dorothy Wellesley (a detailed account is in R. F. Foster's life of Yeats, concluding mainly that her emotional engagement was much less than his). She also had a well-publicised affair with Bertrand Russell.


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On 11th November 2020 the memorial to the Soviet pilots, who fought during World War II and took part in the joint Soviet-British secret operation 'Albemarle', has been installed in Errol, Scotland. The event also commemorated the 75th Anniversary of Victory over Nazi Germany.
Russian Ambassador Andrei Kelin and Consul General in Edinburgh Andrey Yakovlev laid wreaths to the installed Remembrance Stone, as well as to the memorial plaque at the former Errol Airfield.
Ron Gillies, head of installation works in Errol, and Morris Leslie, Director of the Morris Leslie Group and owner of former RAF Errol Airfield also took part in the symbolic wreath-laying ceremony.
Read Ambassador Kelin's address on the occasion of installing the memorial:
https://www.rusemb.org.uk/video/394
News on the event:
https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/local/perth-kinross/1718371/video-monument-to-fearless-russian-airmen-is-installed-near-scene-of-secret-perthshire-base/
The Daily Record:
https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/in-your-area/errol-gets-stone-memorial-wwii-22998234
Tweet Follow @russianembassy
On 8 November Remembrance Day was marked at the Soviet War Memorial on the grounds of the Imperial War Museum in the London borough of Southwark.
On Remembrance Day 11th November a memorial dedicated to Russian airmen will be unveiled in Britain, timed to the 75th Victory Anniversary year. At the height of WWII the British Government gave the Soviet Union, which had been suffering a severe shortage of transport aircraft, twin-engine bombers 'Albemarle'. A long night flight across the North Sea and enemy-occupied territories could be managed by ace-pilots only. The top-secret mission of the State Defense Committee was entrusted to the hand-picked experienced crews of the Moscow Special Assignment Airgroup - an elite air division of the military transport aviation formed in June 1941 of the best civil airmen of the country to perform critical tasks for the High Command.
Ambassador Andrei Kelin visits Natural History Museum
On 22 October 2020, Russian Ambassador to the UK Andrei Kelin visited the Natural History Museum in London to see the photo exhibition dedicated to the Wildlife Photographer of the Year contest, which was won by the Russian photographer Sergey Gorshkov and his capture of the rare and glorious Amur tigress "The Embrace".
Ambassador Andrei Kelin speaks at Harrow School
On 6 October, 2020 Ambassador of the Russian Federation to the United Kingdom Mr Andrei Kelin delivered a speech at Harrow School, one of the oldest and most prominent British private schools for boys.
Opening of the Memorial to the fallen soldiers in Manchester
On 3 September 2020 Ambassador Andrei Kelin participated in the unveiling ceremony of the Memorial in honoured memory of the Soviet soldiers who gave their lives liberating Europe, and in recognition of the brave people of the besieged Leningrad. Participants of the ceremony also included Lord Mayor of Manchester City Councillor Abid Latif Chohan, representatives of the Russian Embassy in London and the Russian community of Manchester.
Russian diplomats visit British potato processing enterprise in Norfolk
On 19 August 2020 diplomats of the Russian Embassy visited British enterprise "Albert Bartlett" in county Norfolk which specialises in potato processing and producing potato meals. Diplomats met the owners and managers of the company and then had a tour of the enterprise. Matters related to the development of cooperation in humanitarian and agricultural areas, as well as organising a visit to Russian agricultural enterprises were discussed.
Agricultural Attaché Derbenskiy visits British farm in county Cornwall
On 24-25 July 2020 the Agricultural Attaché of the Russian Embassy Vladimir Derbenskiy visited agricultural farm Trevear Farm and potato processing plant in Cornwall. Vladimir Derbenskiy met the owner and had a tour of fields and livestock farm. Matters related to the development of cooperation between Russian and British farmers and organizing a visit to Russian agricultural enterprises were discussed.
Candle Lighting Ceremony to commemorate the Day of Memory and Sorrow
On the Day of Memory and Sorrow Ambassador Andrei Kelin took part in a commemorative Candle Lighting Ceremony near the Soviet War Memorial in London. Together we pay tribute to those who sacrificed their lives defending the Motherland against the Nazis during the Great Patriotic War.
On presenting school diplomas
On 17 June 2020, the Embassy hosted the ceremony of presenting school diplomas of upper (full) secondary education to the graduates of the Russian Embassy School. Messages of congratulations were said by Ambassador Andrei Kelin and the school Principal Sergey Salomakhin, who presented the long-awaited diplomas as well as gold medals to those who completed the school course with excellence.
Ambassador Andrei Kelin participated in the wreath laying ceremony at the Soviet War Memorial in London on the occasion of the 75th Anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War
On 9 May 2020 Ambassador Andrei Kelin participated in the wreath laying ceremony at the Soviet War Memorial near the Imperial War Museum in London on the occasion of the 75th Anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War.


*Even older students love to color, but it is impossible to justify the time! This fun activity allows students to solve multiplication math problems and know immediately if they are working with accuracy! The correct answer will show up on the coloring page, if the answer is incorrect- they can try again or seek out more instruction.
Great for small group lessons, whole class activity, sub plans, and RtI.
Multiplying 2 and 3 Digit Numbers Color By Answer.
4th and 5th Grade Color By Answer Bundle.
Follow me on TpT and Facebook for updates and new activities.
Please rate this activity if you like it! You will get credit for future purchases!


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Rebecca Adlington
Splits From Britain's 100 x 100 World Record-Setting Relay
Organizer Lewis Coleman split nearly his lifetime best with a 50.54 to anchor Great Britain's 100 x 100 meter freestyle relay.
Brits Smash World Record in 100×100 Relay By 8 Minutes
Want to take your own shot at the 100×100 World Record relay to raise money for Swim4Leukemia? Send it to [email protected] and we'll be happy to support it!
Adlington To Serve As Mentor For Six Young Athletes
British Swimming announced today that Rebecca Adlington will take an active role in helping to develop the next generation of British swimmers…
Former World Record Holder Rebecca Adlington Voted Off of British Reality Show
Rebecca Adlington was one of the final 7 remaining participants on the show.
Spice Impressed by Young Swimmers Performances in Dubai
After observing the results of their young swimmers at the World Junior Championships in Dubai the leadership within British Swimming is very encouraged about their potential… (Image courtesy of Blueseventy)
Ledecky 800 Free World Record Swim – Complete Race Footage
Women's 800 freestyle race footage is courtesy of swimswam partner Universal Sports Network. (Photo credit: Victor Puig, victorpuig.com)
NBC Interview: Katie Ledecky 800 Free World Record
Women's 800 freestyle race footage and post race interview is courtesy of swimswam partner Universal Sports Network. (Photo Credit: Victor Puig, victorpuig.com)
Hardcore Swim of the Week: A Pair of 4:02's for the World Champion Muffat
The HardCoreSwim of the week goes to France's Camille Muffat, who despite jet-setting around Europe put up the world's two-fastest…
Rebecca Adlington Leads Gig with BBC Broadcast for Worlds
Four-Time Olympic medalist and 2008 Beijing double-distance queen Rebecca Adlington will be back poolside at the 2013 World Championships in…
Olympic Champion, Cullen Jones, Signs Four Year Swimwear Endorsement Deal
Cullen Jones, Olympic Champion, swims for Coach David Marsh at SwimMAC, and he is represented by Evan Morgenstein at PMG Sports.
Rebecca Adlington announcing her engagement to Harry Needs
On February 5th 2008 double Olympic gold medallist and 2012 double Olympic bronze medallist Rebecca Adlington announced her retirement and…
Rebecca Adlington Hates the word retired
During a press conference on February 5th where Rebecca Adlington announced that her competitive career was coming to an end,…
Bill Furniss, Chris Spice to Lead British Swimming; Adlington Will Retire
British Swimming is shifting under new leadership and the need for a new national star.
Jamieson Happy to Wait for British Swimming to make the right decision
In early December Rebecca Adlington made her feelings about how British Swimming is moving forward after a very disappointing Olympic…
McNulty Says No
With British Swimming looking for a new National Team Head Coach, David McNulty, who will lead the Brits at the…


Berangere Maximin is one of those rare birds: a female composer of experimental music. Let's throw on our binoculars and take a quick look at her life. Calling Paris France home, she has been studying and working on electro-acoustic music under the guidance of the INA-GRM's Denis Dufour since way back in the Gay '90s. Wait a minute, wasn't that the 1890s? I mean the Grunge '90s! Following her debut on Sub Rosa, No One Is An Island, her second album on that label is called Infinitesimal. Although that word is really hard to spell, the flowing music contained on this disc of the compact variety is really easy to listen to–unless you're an uptight narcissistic control freak bureaucrat who just got hit in the eye with a whiffle ball, then diagnosed with a brain tumor.
You are currently browsing the Arcane Candy weblog archives for August, 2013.


Downtown Richmond is shaped by countless forces that have produced an extraordinarily historic, physically stunning city. However, much of the recent development activity has occurred in the outlying counties and suburbs, draining capital away from the heart of the city. The City of Richmond hired Dover, Kohl & Partners to create a plan to recapture development potential and channel it into the historic center, thus legitimating its title as "Virginia's Downtown." Dover-Kohl teamed with Hall Planning and Engineering, Rhodeside & Harwell, Urban Advantage, ZHA, Inc, and Zimmerman/Volk Associates to create the Plan.
Over 800 citizens and stakeholders joined Dover-Kohl and a team of experts in discussing housing, transportation planning, parks, and economic development in a seven-day charrette. The resulting Master Plan reflects the range of community brainstorming and design input, which will ultimately guide growth and ensure quality development.
The Master Plan was unanimously approved by the City Council in October 2008. In March 2009, the Plan was awarded the Outstanding Plan Award from the American Planning Association, Virginia Chapter.


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A List Of Devices That Will Support The iOS 14 Update
Posted by justiceitc On June 11, 2020
By the time you read these words, Apple will likely be previewing iOS 14 and iPadOS 14 at the all-virtual WWDC 2020.
While the latest version of Apple's OS will no doubt be packed with features you'll love, unfortunately, it may not be compatible with some older iPhones and iPads. That could mean you'll have to pay for a pricey upgrade if you want to take full advantage of all the latest bells and whistles.
There's a lot we don't currently know about Apple's latest offering. The persistent rumor is that if your device will run iOS 13, then you should be able to upgrade to iOS 14 without difficulty. Thankfully, that covers a broad range of devices dating back to 2015 and more.
The device list includes, among other things:
The iPhone SE (2020 release)
The iPhone 11/11
The iPhone Pro/11 and Pro Max
The iPhone XS and XS Max
The iPhone XR
The iPhone X
The iPhone 8/8 Plus
The iPhone SE
The iPhone 6s and 6s Plus
The 7th generation iPod Touch
Where the iPad is concerned, note that beginning with the new OS, Apple is dropping support for the iPad Air 2 and the iPad mini 4. If you have either of those, unfortunately, you won't be able to make use of the latest OS.
Finally, it's worth mentioning that, as is the case with most products, the older your Apple device is, the worse it's likely to perform when you upgrade your OS. That may put you back in the camp of wanting or needing to upgrade your equipment to get the most out of iOS 14.
Overall, the update is good news, and we're looking forward to seeing exactly what the new operating system has to offer.
Microsoft Defender Adds Cross Platform Mobile Protections
Hackers Are Demanding Extra Ransomware Payments From Victims
Security Flaw Found In Open Source Office Program LibreOffice
Another WhatsApp Vulnerability Has Been Found


It's the perfect time to hit the refresh button on your metabolism.
What better way to do it than with a detox recipe that's not only super simple to make…but delicious, too! And, there's a little-known secret about this recipe. Not only does it flush your system of toxins, it slows down the aging process to promote softer, younger-looking skin.
So what's the secret to this age-defying, slimming recipe?
The secret is in the antioxidants. In short, antioxidants are substances that inhibit oxidation, meaning they help in the prevention of cellular damage AKA what causes you to age. This recipe has a total of 16 antioxidants that combine to give you amazing benefits!
When you drink this juicy, refreshing detox water packed with antioxidants, you'll immediately notice a difference in how you feel.
Drink it every day for maximum results, and read about the details of each specific superfood ingredient to find out their benefits!
Place mint leaves at the bottom of a cup followed by three or four ice cubes, pour in blueberries, strawberries, squeeze in half a lemon then pour in a cup of the brewed VIDA Tea and enjoy!
Strawberries contain anthocyanin and catechin, which are powerful natural anti-aging chemical compounds. They are also anti-inflammatory, fight the damage of free radicals and promote brain and eye health. Strawberries are also high in vitamin A, vitamin C and manganese.
Blueberries are a secret antioxidant weapon, making it among the top foods for antioxidants. In addition to promoting growth of probiotics, which helps aid digestion, blueberries support heart health and restore hormone balance for clear, radiant skin. You can also find high levels of vitamin K and vitamin C levels in blueberries.
Did you know mint has been used for centuries as an herb to speed up digestion? Mint also contains iron, fiber, vitamin A and potassium.
There's a reason lemon is a detoxification staple. It jumpstarts your metabolism, promotes a healthy immune system and is packed with electrolytes and energy-boosting vitamins. The citrus bioflavonoids found in lemon have also been said to lower blood sugar and help prevent kidney stones.
We've done a ton of research on detox teas, and the VIDA Tea brand is 100% USDA certified organic and uses all natural ingredients from plants, herbs and flowers. Each cup packs the essential vitamins and minerals extracted from chamomile, lemon myrtle, cinnamon and more. When combined, the ingredients activate to create a combination that flushes free-radicals and toxins, supports digestive health and naturally increases energy. Get your bags of VIDA Tea here. And if you're still curious about how it works, I tested it out to see for myself. Check out my review of VIDA Tea.


Another great story from Nachlaot story-teller Barak Hullman. One side note that might not be so clear from the story: when the convert dunks in the mikvah and the rabbis see her, she is wearing a loose robe for modesty.
Leading Rabbi Thanks Rabbi Nivin: The Change in my Wife has been "Stupendous"
Your very own teacher, Rabbanit Yemima, quoted this story in her parsha shiur recently, and is is worth noting her opinion there.
I missed that quotation, what did she say?
Actually, converts don't wear a loose robe in the mikvah. The rabbis make sure that the convert is in the mikvah and they rely on the mikvah lady to say it was a kosher "dunk". As the woman is under the water the rabbis quickly look around the corner to see that she is indeed fully under the water. This way they don't see the woman and it's all tznius. It is a bit of a struggle, I can tell you from personal experience. It was the longest mikvah visit of my life :).
I dunked once with only a mikvah lady, then the second time with a loose robe on and the beis din standing outside the door but within view of the mikvah. My back was turned. Different places do different things.


Our online programs, private coaching and organizational consulting help church leaders make the most out of all that God has given them.
Matt Adair has been encouraging and coaching church planters for as long as I have known him. He is extremely gifted at helping pastors and churches maximize the leadership, shepherding and structural challenges that they face.


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Winceyco
Booking_
Arts Horizons Feature
NJPAC BOM
Do What's In Your Heart
A considerable amount of the dates on my calendar are generated by school performances and artist-in-residence work. In 1988, I presented my first assembly program to an auditorium full of elementary school students. They loved it but I was shocked. I had not considered myself to be an educator or a playwright. I was just someone who loved music, children and needed to open a new stream of income. I now understand what "necessity is the mother of invention" means. Over the years and hundreds of thousands of students later, it has become obvious that this was always destined to be part of my life's work.
There are people; children and adults, who learn through music, drama and other arts vehicles. How blessed am I to be one of the vessels to drive the vehicle? It's funny now when I think about it. Years ago, I thought these assembly programs were just some good idea my sister, my aunt and I came up with. What if your good idea is not YOURS at all? What if the Lord Jesus planted it in your mind so you can be a blessing to others? "Do All that is in your heart" 2Samuel 7:3
Saturday, April 6, 2013 I'll be opening for HALL OF FAMER, Ben E. King
Tickets: $30, $40, $50
SOPAC Members: $25, $35, $45
Best known for his hit song "Stand By Me," Ben E. King was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of fame as a member of The Drifters and has also been nominated as a solo artist. Familiar hits include "There Goes My Baby," "Save The Last Dance For Me," and "This Magic Moment."
Opening Act: Wincey Terry-Bryant
From background singer to featured vocalist, Wincey Terry-Bryant has shared the stage with music greats such as Sting and Tina Turner and the TV screen with industry giants Bill Cosby and Spike Lee. Career highlights include performances on Soul Train, Late Night with David Letterman. Wincey was featured on the Spinners remake "It's A Shame" produced by the Fine Young Cannibals, and her voice can also be heard on Sesame Street. The hit single "I Remember" from her recent debut album "Time To Say" is currently on the Billboard and the UK Soul charts.
I'll be in Atlanta for various radio and television performances. Stay tuned for airdates.
To all my educators, I'll be presenting special dramatic Winceyco show for the NJEA before I run over to be with my sister Nicole Simpson and The Power of Gospel Ministries.
I'll be performing at the play
"Love Is Respect"
1000 Morris Ave, Union, NJ 07083
CONNECT WITH WINCEY
WinceyCo's Audio Player
Click Below To Purchase
http://winceyco.com/store/
© 2019 Winceyco. All Rights Reserved.


ADHIYANTO, Mochlas and MUDIANTONO, Mudiantono (2012) ANALISIS PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN MENGGUNAKAN JASA BALAI LATIHAN KERJA INDUSTRI (BLKI) SEMARANG. Undergraduate thesis, Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis.
This research aims to find out if the dimensions in the quality of service that is tangible, responsiveness, reliability, assurance, and emphaty affect consumer satisfaction Exercise Hall Working industry (BLKI) Semarang and analyzing the most dominant in influencing consumer satisfaction Exercise Hall Working industry (BLKI) Semarang. The population in this study are training students Employment Training Hall (BLKI) Industry. In this research data collected by questionnaire method to 100 respondents, aiming to find out the response of respondents towards each individual variable. The analysis used covers test validity, reliability test, test assumptions Classics (multikolinearitas, normality, heteroskedastisitas), multiple linear regression analysis, test test t, F, the coefficient of determination. From the results of the analysis using regression can note that variables are Tangible, Responsiveness, Reliability, Assurance, and Emphaty everything positive and significant effect on Consumer Satisfaction in training in Industrial Work Exercise Hall (BLKI) Semarang. With the influence of 68.5% and 31.5% of the site affected by other variables.
quality of service, tangible (physical evidence), reliability (reliability), responsiveness (responsiveness), assurance (security), emphaty (concern), satisfaction of consumers.


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Ranking Member Howard Berman Submitted Remarks for Hearing, "The Costs and Consequences of Dodd-Frank Section 1502: Impacts on America and the Congo"
Washington, DC – U.S. Rep. Howard L. Berman (D-CA), the Ranking Democrat on the House Foreign Affairs Committee, submitted the below remarks to be entered into the record for today's Financial Services Subcommittee on International Monetary Policy and Trade hearing, "The Costs and Consequences of Dodd-Frank Section 1502: Impacts on America and the Congo."
The statement follows:
The Democratic Republic of the Congo has been plagued for decades by civil war and violence. The hallmarks of this instability are well known: child soldiers, sexual and gender-based violence, indiscriminate mass killings, and other serious human rights abuses. Despite the fact that civil war formally ended in 2003, violence continues today and it is fuelled in part by the availability of valuable minerals to warlords and criminal elements of the Congolese army. They sell gold, tungsten, tin, and tantalum for millions of dollars, and these "conflict minerals" eventually end up in products such as cell phones and laptops that are purchased by American consumers.
Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act, which I was proud to work on with Ranking Member Barney Frank (D-MA) and Jim McDermott (D-WA), is intended to sever the ties between violent groups in the Congo and the minerals that finance their activities, and create greater transparency with regard to international supply chains. It aims to raise awareness among Americans that our spending habits have a real impact on the lives of innocent people half a world away.
Some critics of the law say that it will result in a total ban on sourcing minerals from the Congo, thus hurting the very people we are trying to help. This is simply not true. The law would not prevent companies from importing any minerals from this region of the world. Rather, its purpose is to help both consumers and investors make informed decisions about the products they buy and the companies in which they invest.
This is not a new approach. For decades, Americans have demanded more information about the origin of the products they buy to help ensure that they were not produced with the use of child labor, inhumane working conditions, or environmentally destructive procedures.
I believe that companies looking to be good corporate citizens and to burnish their reputations should support this legislation. Indeed, many companies are already moving in this direction. Motorola, Apple, and Intel have all made efforts to procure conflict-free minerals from the Congo. For example, Motorola Solutions for Hope and KEMET are both establishing closed supply chains so that they can control every stage of sourcing and prevent rebels or corrupt government officials from profiting from their activities. I commend these companies and encourage their efforts.
However, other companies have said that implementing this law would simply be too difficult and too expensive. They are telling us that, sophisticated as they are, they have no idea where their materials come from. They are saying that if we ask them to be responsible, they cannot make a profit. I take issue with all of those statements. If this is the case, what makes them so different from companies already complying with the law? I would also be interested to know, based on the massive cost estimates they have calculated, what is the additional per-unit cost of a cell phone or other product, given the hundreds if not thousands of products that utilize the conflict minerals cited in section 1502?
The Congolese government has responded to this legislation by requiring companies to comply with OECD guidance on supply chain due diligence. The government has also reiterated that the military is prohibited from being involved in mining. With this legislation, we have started an important dialogue about how consumers, companies, and the Congolese Government can all play an important role in reducing violence and conflict in Central Africa. I recognize that conflict minerals are only a part of this puzzle, and that better, more accountable governance from the Government of the Congo is the only long term solution to insecurity and poverty in the country.
Finally, it is important to respond to critics who claim that Section 1502 was written without the support or input from the Congolese themselves. In fact, the legislation was supported by over 30 groups from the ReCongo, including the Catholic Bishops' Conference in the DRC, represented today by Bishop Nicolas Djomo. Furthermore, the groups who have been working to promote this provision, such as Global Witness and Enough, have done significant research on the ground to examine the impact of conflict minerals in the Congo. They have Congolese staffers, but also utilize outside experts who travel regularly to the region. I have found them to be a reliable source of information, and I thank them for their work.
In closing, I think it is very important that we use this hearing not just to discuss the costs of implementing Section 1502, but also to examine the human costs of not implementing the provision, and the real-world impact that would have on the people of Eastern Congo, who have already endured unthinkable violence and deprivation. As we evaluate Section 1502, we must not forget about or ignore the human rights basis behind the law.
Permalink: https://foreignaffairs.house.gov/2012/5/ranking-member-howard-berman-submitted-remarks-hearing-costs-and-consequences


Here's a great workshop for ACTORS coming up on how to DELIVER THE GOODS – taught by veteran actor Patrick Kilpatrick, with over 170 top films and TV shows to his credit.
What is the Skill Set Required to be an A-List Actor?
Aside from being one of the finest screen/television character actors and villains of his generation, Patrick is also a writer/novelist and has been recently touring the country with his new book "Dying For Living (Vol 1)" We are very fortunate to have him out to speak with us at our event so you don't want to miss this opportunity!
• What is the Skill Set Required to be an A-List Actor – To Launch & Sustain a True 'Entertainment Warrior' Career?
PREMIUM and PRO InfoList Members get ONE THIRD OFF on Tickets! That's just $10 (normally $15!) for an informative evening with veteran actor Patrick Kilpatrick!


Power Engineering: Steam Tables, Rankine, Brayton cycles with regeneration and reheat. I.C. Engines: air-standard Otto, Diesel cycles. Refrigeration and air-conditioning: Vapour refrigeration cycle, heat pumps, gas refrigeration, Reverse Brayton cycle; moist air: psychrometric chart, basic psychrometric processes. Turbomachinery: Pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines – impulse and reaction principles, velocity diagrams.


Have you have been hurt in an accident that was someone else's fault? If so, you can turn to the Rhode Island personal injury attorneys of Gemma Law Associates, Inc. to handle your legal issues.
Negligent or reckless people and companies can inflict significant physical, emotional and financial harm on victims and their families. Compensation is available under Rhode Island personal injury law. However, it's important to receive help from a qualified attorney to understand and seek all possible remedies in your case.
The Rhode Island Personal Injury Lawyers at Gemma Law Associates, Inc., have helped accident and injury victims for more than four decades. We have secured millions of dollars in verdicts and settlements for our clients.
No matter how your injury occurred, you may be facing serious medical and financial hardships. At Gemma Law Associates, Inc., we understand that legal action cannot reverse the damage. However, a personal injury lawsuit can help secure financial compensation and hold the responsible parties accountable.
In Rhode Island, you have three years from the date of the accident to file a personal injury lawsuit. If your claim involves a city or town, there may be even stricter time limits. That's why you must act quickly. An experienced attorney can evaluate your case to determine if and how to proceed with any legal action.
If you or a loved one has suffered personal injury, contact Gemma Law Associates, Inc., today to receive a free consultation. We represent accident and injury victims in Providence, Newport, Bristol, Cranston, Pawtucket, Warwick, Woonsocket and throughout Rhode Island. To learn more about how our Rhode Island personal injury lawyers can help you, call us toll free or use our RI personal injury online form.


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Makita Announces 25 New Products
Makita introduced a staggering twenty-five new cordless power tools at the Specialty Tools & Fasteners Distributors Association (STAFDA) trade show. Among them is the XPK02 18V LXT® Brushless 3-1/4" Planer. The year 1958 marked the release of Makita's first power tool, which also was a portable electric planer. In 2020 Makita will expand its range of corded and cordless planers with this new one that is powered by an efficient brushless motor for increased power, speed and run time over non-brushless models. Also announced was the JR3051T 12 Amp Recipro Saw that delivers up to 3,000 strokes per minute, and has a longer 1-3/16" stroke for faster cutting. WoodEzine will keep you informed as all of these new tools become available over the coming months.
The 20V MAX XR 1/4 Sheet Sander
DeWALT's new 20-Volt brushless, cordless 1/4 Sheet Variable Speed Sander (DCW200) has a seven-speed dial with speeds from 12,000 to 14,000 OPM. It is just 5.3 inches tall, 6 inches long, 4.6 inches wide, and 2.1 pounds without a battery. For dust collection, it has a one-handed locking dust bag that attaches through its Airlock™-compatible dust port. Alternatively, the user can attach it to the DWV010 or DWV012 dust collectors (sold separately). The sander features a rubber over-mold grip, while a paper clamp is designed to hold paper securely and provide easy installation. It's listed at $249 with a 5.0Ah battery, and $199 with a 2.0Ah cell. The tool only is $129.
An Old Favorite is Updated
JessEm Tool Company in Orillia, Ontario has reintroduced the Mite-R-Excel II™. It features nine miter detents with a spring loaded indexing pin. The front fence extrusion is 20" in length with a telescopic stop that extends up to 36" (inset photo), and the adjustable flip stop can be used with a sacrificial fence up to 3/4" thick. JessEm's patent pending fence locating knob reset the fence back to the correct distance to the blade. Squaring up the fence to the guide bar has never been easier with the adjustable fence mount and bar snuggers ensure the miter gauge slides perfectly into the miter slot for smooth, perfect cuts every time. The guide bar is custom rolled steel from Sheffield, England, with 34 Swiss turned stainless steel parts and laser engraved for accuracy. $299.99 USD.
Fanuc CRX Series Collaborative Robots
There's some good news for woodshops that are looking to automate small parts movement. On December 18th, Fanuc America introduced two new, lightweight collaborative robots (cobots) that are designed to work safely with people in a work cell - they have sensors to avoid physical contact and harm. The CRX-10iA has a payload of 10 kg (22 lbs.) and a reach of 1249 mm (49"). The second model, the CRX-10iA/L, has the same lifting ability and a slightly longer reach (1418 mm, or just under 56"). These units are easy to install, integrate into a production process, and connect to third-party grippers. The new CRX cobots use Fanuc's latest compact R-30iB Mini Plus Controller, for even more space savings. The company is headquartered in Rochester Hills, Michigan and has offices throughout the U.S. and Canada.
New Accessories For Painting/Drying Racks
Menlo Park, California based PaintLine has introduced two new accessories for its PSDR spraying and drying rack. These double the rack's capacity without increasing its footprint. The PSDR Series (SD) is an integrated system designed to paint and dry cabinet doors, drawer fronts and other parts in a vertical orientation with the least amount of effort and space. Parts hang for spraying of all sides in one step. The new height extenders increase the vertical height capacity, and new second tier connectors let users create an additional, customizable level of drying space. The new accessories can be used separately or together, with no tools needed. The height extenders add an extra 12" to the rack for extra tall cabinet doors, shutters, refrigerator panels or other tall parts.
Automatic Lube System for CNC Routers
Located in Cartersville, Georgia, CAMaster has introduced a new automatic lubrication system as an optional feature available on its CNC Routers. It takes much of the guesswork out of maintenance, ensuring that the machine's bearings and ballscrew are properly and continuously lubricated to keep performing at an optimal level. The Auto Lube System eliminates the need to manually grease each bearing and ballscrew. It automatically applies the right amount of grease to each component every time, and protects against premature wear of the parts mentioned plus the linear rails. And, since lubrication occurs while the machine is in operation, the system reduces costly downtime and offers the best way to lubricate components in an abrasive or high-dust environment. The Auto Lube System is available only on new machines.
New 19-38 Combination Brush/Drum Sander
Laguna Tools has just introduced a new 19-38 Combination Brush/Drum Sander that allows a woodworker to drum sand and profile sand on the same machine, using interchangeable drum and brush heads. The new model includes a sanding head assembly with a flatter installed, a conveyor table assembly, an aluminum drum with two bearing sets, a coupling and one 80-grit abrasive belt, plus an open stand assembly and Delta controls. This machine is sold exclusively through Laguna's dealer network, and pricing starts at $2,799 (the SKU is 219383). In 2017, the company purchased St. Paul, Minnesota based St. Joseph Tools, LLC, which is more familiar to woodworkers as the drum sander manufacturer SuperMax Tools. Watch for the January sale...
Vacuum Block with Status Lights
New from Padsmore Inc. in Pickering, Ontario is a dual vacuum block that can work as a fullsize or as a half-size block. Called the VM block, it glows green when the suction is on, and becomes red if the vacuum is leaking or weak. This allows an operator to make a better judgement about fixturing and placement, and thus reduce errors in machining. The VM is a 100 mm height suction block for CNC machines, and as of now there are only two sizes available (full and half-size). Padsmore, which also supplies tool holders and tooling for CNCs (plus parts and accessories for edgebanders) has the ability to design a specific, custom suction system for special projects.
Stop Tabletops Warping, Gapping
Woodshops that are building tables will welcome two new Poettker V stabilizer bar tools from Osborne Wood Products in Toccoa, Georgia. These make it easier to attach steel stabilizer bars (shown, $10.08 to $46.48) to the undersides of tabletops and counters. The bars come in various lengths (15.5" to 72"), and are installed in the underside of the panel, across the grain. They allow the wood to move, and thereby prevent warping, washboarding, cupping and gapping over time as moisture changes. Each bar fits into a recessed groove that can be created using a custom router bit. Part 988 (2-3/4" x 2" on the left, $305.54) is for portable routers, and Part 989 (12mm on the right, $201.81) is for CNCs.
Craftsman Adds To Versastack Stackable Storage
Craftsman has added three new storage solutions to its Versastack™ line - a 216-piece, three drawer Mechanics Tool Set (CMMT99206), a 17-inch Tool Bag (CMST17622), and the 30-quart cooler (CMST17824). Existing products in this line include toolboxes of various sizes, organizers, a radio and charger, and more ideas for maximum mobility, organization, and even entertainment on and off the job. A popular solution for portable storage, the system is modular, allowing the user to build a configuration that suits specific needs. Each of the hard-sided units is IP54-rated for durability and strength, and each can be stacked using interlocking top and bottom latches. Users can store large and small power tools, hand tools and small accessories, and secure them using the heavy-duty front metal latches.
A New Color from Dymalux
The newest DymaLux brand laminated panel from Cousineau Wood Products in North Anson, Maine is called Mighty Morphin. The company makes multi-colored plywood panels for woodturning, sculpture, furniture, gun stocks and other artistic pursuits. The panels are dye and resin infused birch, and are quite dense and hard. They're also water and heat resistant, and e -friendly. The new pattern is black, red, blue, yellow, pink and green. Panels run from 1/8" to 2" thick (and they can be laminated for thicker needs), and the standard size is 10" x 40". Custom sizes are available. 3/4" panels are popular with pen turners. The inset image in the photo is an array of peppermills made with various panels, and illustrates the diversity of color and pattern.
Cabinet Vision Version 12 Coming in 2020
The latest version of Cabinet Vision (design-to-manufacturing software) will be presented at the Kitchen & Bath Industry Show (KBIS) 2020. That takes place at the Las Vegas Convention Center in Nevada from January 21-23 . The new version features an all-new connection manager that delivers complete control over the machining that occurs where two parts meet, by letting users easily define and automate those connections. For instance, if a dado with pre-drills or fixed position-dowels with RTA fittings are needed, the connection manager provides the tools needed to define those specific operations. There's a new Assembly Manager in Version 12, which is used by engineers to specify construction methods, and standardize production. This now includes the ability to select connections for each part, and there's also a newly enhanced, user-friendly interface.
Giant Fans for Large Woodshops
Big Ass Fans has unveiled Powerfoil D, the product of 10 years of design. This is the first and only direct-drive overhead fan designed for harsh industrial environments. Powerfoil D delivers the strength and performance required for large spaces, but with virtually silent operation and aesthetic appeal to thrive in any commercial or public setting. "We're leading the industry in direct-drive technology," says John Gerhardt, Big Ass Fans product manager. "We designed Powerfoil D with the same premium materials and safety features as every fan in our Powerfoil line. As the only industrial fan with a standard IP66 rating, it's every inch an industrial product." As a sign of the company's growth, Big Ass Fans aired its first national TV commercial during NBC's coverage of the Breeders' Cup in July.
The Electric Ray Sander
SurfPrep uploaded a video about its new 3" x 4" Electric Ray sander a couple of months ago, and the tool will be on display at IWF in Atlanta in August. This is a professional sander (listed at $475.00 to $508.50) that has three speeds for doing everything from fine finish sanding to fairly aggressive stock removal (4,000, 7,000 and 9,000 RPM). Its brushless outer-runner motor is constructed with large magnets, providing greater torque - and that saves energy compared to inner-runner motors. The tool's computer board is completely protected with a patented rubberized seal that prevents environmental contamination. A patented spindle bearing fan enhances life by keeping the motor and bearings at a lower temperature. There are two override protection programs, and the electric Ray is set up for highly effective dust collection. Other sizes and shapes are available.
Something New in MDF Doors
Quebec based custom manufacturer Saint-Georges Doors is known for cabinet doors that are curved in either, or even both directions. Now the innovative company has developed a new art panel, milled on a CNC in medium density fiberboard, that brings texture and life to flat doors. Named as Decorative Art P2517, the small repeating pattern makes it easy to center the design in a stile and rail frame. The very contemporary design is available in custom sizes, and it can relieve a wall of monotone doors with texture, rather than having to add new colors to gain a three-dimensional perspective. Founded in 1976, the company employs more than 100 people, is located about 30 minutes from the border with Maine and ships anywhere in the U.S.
Beaver Tools Becomes Shaper Origin Dealer
Beaver Industrial Supply (Beaver Tools) in St Louis, Missouri is now carrying the Shaper Origin, and the list price is $2,499 (the item number is SHSO1-NN). The company offers financing, free shipping and a free pack of Shaper tape. Shaper Origin is the world's first handheld CNC machine, and it was designed with woodworking professionals in mind. It brings CNC-level precision to a hand tool. The operator applies special tape to the wood, lets the tool scan the tape locations, and then uploads a design. The machine then makes small adjustments as the woodworker moves it along the tape, so that the cutter stays exactly where it needs to be (left/right and up/down). If the operator strays too far off track, the cutter automatically retracts, avoiding costly mistakes.
Two Ways to Lock a Medical Cabinet
Schools, pharmacies, human resources offices and a host of other cabinet clients have a need for secure storage, especially where opioids and other addictive medicines are concerned. Jeff Walker at The Lock Connection in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, tells WoodEzine that one of the more popular solutions this year is the second generation fingerprint biometric cabinet lock (far left, item SDWF-MC002-G2, $89), which provides keyless access and stores up to ten different fingerprints. Another great answer here is the Hidden or Invisible RFID cabinet lock, (item SDWS-BK001-G1, $36.85), that comes with 1 management card, 2 user cards, a strike plate, the lock itself and instructions. Both are relatively easy to install.
Simpler, More Efficient Shop Management
Most woodshop owners and managers have heard of ERP (enterprise resource planning), and many already use this software. For those who don't, or who don't yet know what it can do for a shop, Global Shop Solutions is now offering free downloadable product sheets that explain each of its software units. ERP is a way of integrating all of the management functions, using software. It lets a woodshop collect, save, organize and ultimately use data from all the different business activities. It informs decisions, so a shop can do things such as relate the vacation schedule to specific projects, or know what's in inventory when bidding a job, and it can be set up on a need-to-know basis for staff.
Three New Hardware Collections
Top Knobs has introduced three new collections to its product line for 2020. They will be formally launched at the Kitchen and Bath Industry Show (KBIS) in Las Vegas, January 21 through 23, at booth N2763. Inspired by the historic architecture of Savannah, the Ellis collection is a modern reinvention of classically influenced designs. It's comprised of 270 pieces in 5 series - Telfair, Hartridge, Julian, Davenport, and Ellis. Ryland features 28 pieces in 6 styles of hook - Juliet, Reeded, Kara, Bergen, Emerald and Hillmont. And with 56 pieces, Amwell features a unique knurled design and is available in four of Top Knobs' most sought after finishes - Ash Gray, Honey Bronze, Flat Black, and Brushed Satin Nickel.
Much More Than A Trim Router
The Bosch GKF125CEPK Colt variable speed palm router combination kit includes a fixed base and a plunge base. It has an ergonomic palm-grip design with soft-grip and ample power, with a 1.25 HP (max) rating. More than a laminate trimmer, it is the ideal tool for rounding over railings, hinge mortising, decorative edge forming as well as laminate trimming. The motor features soft-start circuitry, a variable-speed dial and Constant Response circuitry. Its fixed base features macro- and micro-fine depth adjustment and a centerable round subbase. The plunge base features a Precision Centering Design to keep the bit on the cut line, as well as a spring-lock plunge lever depth rod with fine adjustment.
Sixteen New Knives from Stanley
New Britain, Connecticut is home to Stanley Tools hand tool division, which has just released sixteen new utility knives. They include Stanley® and Fatmax® concealed, auto-retracting, and spring-loaded safety knives designed to increase protection and security in fast-paced work environments, where safety is a priority. The new safety knives offer three blade depth settings to protect contents inside packaging materials. There's a new trigger-squeeze to reduce user strain, and blade locks that help prevent accidental blade exposure. And the Fatmax premium auto-retract squeeze safety knife has improved technology that includes a pressure-sensitive blade that automatically retracts once disengaged from the cutting surface. Read more here...
The Latest SawStop™ Saw
Billed by the company as "the world's safest mobile saw", the new Jobsite Saw Pro has upgrades from the previous version that include a deeper table, an active dust collection blade guard and a T-Glide high/low fence. It has a 1.5 HP motor drawing 15 Amps, weighs in at 113 lbs., has a full 10" blade (8" x 13/16" max dado), and the patented SawStop finger protection technology. It adjusts (height and bevel) very quickly, and has a storage drawer under the table for accessories. The MSRP is $1,399, and extra brake cartridges are $79 ($99 for the dado version).
A Panel Saw for Signmakers
Woodworkers who build signs will appreciate the new A-Line Substrate Cutters from Safety Speed Manufacturing in Ham Lake, Minnesota. They provide a dust free cutting system for processing essential sign making materials. Available in three sizes with maximum crosscuts of 65", 82" and 98", each substrate cutter includes a single blade cartridge cutting up to 0.75", a three blade cartridge cutting up to 0.5", an ACM cutting wheel cartridge, an acrylic scoring cartridge and a wall mounting kit to mount the cutter. the tool can process corrugated plastic, PVC, foam board, aluminum composite panels, MDF up to 3mm, acrylic, honeycomb board and magnetic sheets. V-Grooving and aluminum cutting wheel cartridges are available. The interchangeable tool cartridges can be changed in under 10 seconds, providing versatility for switching between materials without sacrificing time.
SawTrax Updates the yel-Low Safety Dolly
The extremely handy 30" x 25" yel-Low dolly from SawTrax was originally designed to allow movement in any direction. A fixed caster was later added in the 25" direction to increase ease of movement over longer distances. Now, the company has upgraded to a bracket which, when the caster is attached, allows the yel-Low to move in the direction of the wider 30" side. This lets woodworkers carry 20-inch wider material than before. The dolly is a truly innovative asset that can carry furniture, sheet goods or casework up to 1000 lbs. With a powder coated uni-body steel box, it's about the height of a pallet, so one person can load and go. The post system allows it to be reconfigured quickly.
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with a Bill of Rights second to none.
The South African constitution was negotiated over a period of several years.
Adopted by the Constitutional Assembly on May 8, 1996 and approved by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996, it took effect on 4 February 1997. This was a milestone in the country 's transition from apartheid to democracy.
The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. No other law or government action can supersede the provisions of the Constitution. It is a remarkably progressive document, with a Bill of Rights second to none, enjoying high acclaim internationally.
"The Constitution of South Africa speaks of both the past and the future. On the one hand, it is a solemn pact in which we, as South Africans, declare to one another that we shall never permit a repetition of our racist, brutal and repressive past. But it is more than that. It is also a charter for the transformation of our country into one which is truly shared by all its people - a country which in the fullest sense belongs to all of us, black and white, women and men."
Equality includes the full and equal enjoyment of all rights and freedoms.
The state may not unfairly discriminate directly or indirectly against anyone.
No person may unfairly discriminate directly or indirectly against anyone.
Everyone has the right to fair labour practices.
Everyone has the right of access to any information held by the state and any information that is held by another person and that is required for the exercise or protection of any rights.


Gü are looking for people who are as passionate about Puds as they are.
Gü was launched in 2003 with three products, they have since grown into one of the leading premium dessert makers in the UK. They joined the Noble food group in 2010.
You will work for us as a forklift operator, an integral role within the warehouse for the creation of our premium desserts.
To be successful to become part of the Gü team you will be methodical, pro-active and practically minded. You will have worked with forklift and pump trucks before, following a process in what you do and have a high knowledge of health and safety.
You will be working shifts from 7am-7pm on a four days on/four days off rotation.
Gü believe in investing in their staff. Since opening their new factory in Bishops Stortford 18 months ago, there are many success stories of people joining the team, and progressing up from general operators to team leaders and even to management level.
There has never been a better team to join the team. There are immediate interviews available, so please click the button to apply, or call our dedicated recruitment team on 01895 204506.


Linda de Caestecker became a member of the NHS Board in January 2007.
Linda joined NHS Greater Glasgow in 1993 as a Consultant in Public Health Medicine and was appointed Director of Public Health, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, in November 2006. She worked at the (then) Scottish Executive, leading their Women and Children's Unit 2003-2005. She is an honorary professor at the University of Glasgow.
During 2015 and 2016 she undertook a year's extended leave of absence to work for the international charity, FIGO, promoting women's health in low resource countries, returning to her Director of Public Health post in August 2016. She continues to have a special interest in maternal and child public health.


For the latest information on Essential Health Benefits, see: Fact Sheet: Essential Health Benefits Standards: Ensuring Quality, Affordable Coverage.
On December 16, 2011, the Department of Health and Human Services issued a bulletin (PDF -103 KB) outlining proposed policies that will give states more flexibility and freedom to implement the Affordable Care Act. This bulletin describes a comprehensive, affordable and flexible proposal and informs the public about the approach that HHS intends to pursue in rulemaking to define essential health benefits.
HHS is releasing this intended approach to give consumers, states, employers and issuers timely information as they work towards establishing Affordable Insurance Exchanges and making decisions for 2014. This approach was developed with significant input from the American people, as well as reports from the Department of Labor, the Institute of Medicine, and research conducted by HHS.
HHS intends to propose that essential health benefits are defined using a benchmark approach. Under the department's intended approach announced today, states would have the flexibility to select a benchmark plan that reflects the scope of services offered by a "typical employer plan." This approach would give states the flexibility to select a plan that would best meet the needs of their citizens.
The largest HMO plan offered in the state's commercial market by enrollment.
If states choose not to select a benchmark, HHS intends to propose that the default benchmark will be the small group plan with the largest enrollment in the state.
The benefits and services included in the benchmark health insurance plan selected by the state would be the essential health benefits package. Plans could modify coverage within a benefit category so long as they do not reduce the value of coverage.
To prevent federal dollars going to state benefit mandates, the health reform law requires states to defray the cost of benefits required by state law in excess of essential health benefits for individuals enrolled in any plan offered through an Exchange. However, as a transition in 2014 and 2015, some of the benchmark options will include health plans in the state's small group market and state employee health benefit plans.
These benchmarks are generally regulated by the state and would be subject to state mandates applicable to the small group market. Thus, those mandates would be included in the state essential health benefits package if the state elected one of the three largest small group plans in that state as its benchmark.
This approach would provide maximum flexibility to states, employers and issuers while providing quality, comprehensive, coverage for consumers.
Essential health benefits must include coverage of services and items in all 10 statutory categories. Based on our research, we believe that these benchmarks will cover most of the essential health benefits outlined by the Affordable Care Act. These categories include preventive care, emergency services, maternity care, hospital and physician services, and prescription drugs. If a state selects a benchmark plan that does not cover all 10 categories of care, the state will have the option to examine other insurance plans, including the Federal Employee Health Benefits Plan, to determine the type of benefits that must be included in the essential health benefits package.
To meet the EHB coverage standard, HHS intends to require that a health plan offer benefits that are "substantially equal" to the benchmark plan selected by the state and modified as necessary to reflect the 10 coverage categories. Health plans also would have flexibility to adjust benefits, including both the specific services covered and any quantitative limits, provided they continue to offer coverage for all 10 statutory EHB categories and the coverage has the same value. Permitting flexibility will provide greater choice to consumers, promoting plan innovation through coverage and design options, while ensuring that plans providing EHBs offer a certain level of benefits.
The department intends to propose that benchmarks will be updated in the future, and that state mandates outside the definition of essential health benefits may not be included in future years. The Bulletin also notes that updating the benchmark will allow benefits to reflect the most up-to-date medical and market practices.
While the law calls on the department to provide details regarding essential health benefits, this has been a team effort.
As required by the Affordable Care Act, in April, the Department of Labor provided a report to HHS on employer-sponsored health insurance coverage. This report (PDF - 362 KB) detailed the benefits typically covered by employers.detailed the benefits typically covered by employers. At the request of HHS, the Institute of Medicine provided its recommendations on a process for defining and updating the benefits that should be included in the essential health benefits package.
HHS also conducted a series of listening sessions to collect public comment and hear directly from the American people, doctors, nurses, Members of Congress and all interested stakeholders.
It is important to note that the Affordable Care Act distinguishes between a health plan's covered services, and the plan's cost-sharing features, such as deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance. The cost-sharing features will be addressed in separate rules and will determine the actuarial value of the plan, expressed as a "metal level" as specified in statute: bronze at 60% actuarial value, silver at 70% actuarial value, gold at 80% actuarial value, and platinum at 90% actuarial value. For more information about actuarial value and cost-sharing, see our bulletin (PDF - 123 KB).
Although this paper represents only the intended regulatory approach, public input on this paper is encouraged—comments can be sent on essential health benefits, are due by January 31, 2012, and can be sent to: EssentialHealthBenefits@cms.hhs.gov.


It doesn't matter how good your hairbrush is – it needs regular maintenance to keep your looks luscious! Learn how to clean a hairbrush quickly and easily.
Hairbrushes tend to stay in two places: at home, ready for a quick morning brush-through before you're off to work or school, or in your bag for touch-ups during the day. There are few times when you have a moment to think about the maintenance of your hairbrush until you suddenly realise it's so full of hair, you don't really want to use it. Time to get that hairbrush nice and clean – we'll teach you how to clean your hairbrush in a way that's so quick and easy, it definitely deserves a slot in your busy schedule!
Gently pull loose hair out of the brush. Use a brush or a brush cleaner (a small pad of bristles) to brush out the hair and fluff you can't pull out with your fingers. You may want to use tweezers for bits that have stuck to the bristles, but be careful so you don't injure yourself while doing this.
Use a small amount of either specially formulated hairbrush shampoo or a very gentle product like baby shampoo and rub the product into the brush pad and bristles. Wash it off with lukewarm water.
Pat your hairbrush dry as much as you can and then leave it to dry in a warm (but not hot), well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight (especially if it's made from plastic).
As you can see, cleaning a hairbrush isn't that difficult, and regular maintenance will mean you have less hair to pull out and less fluff build-up on the bristles and the pad. You may be amazed at how glossy your hair suddenly looks after you've brushed it with the same old hairbrush you always use, but without the fluff, dust, and stray hairs!
Gently pull out loose hair from your hairbrush every time you've brushed your hair to keep the brush in good condition between washes. You can also use tweezers (if you're careful) to pull out fluff that's stuck to the bristles.
Gently pull hair and fluff out of the hairbrush using fingers, a bristle pad, or a bristle brush and possibly a pair of tweezers.
Wash the brush with brush shampoo or baby shampoo and lukewarm water.
Make sure you rinse the brush well to avoid product build-up (which can lead to itching).
Pat the brush dry and let it dry completely in a warm, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight.