Johnson is a Democrat from Fort Pierce.
As a former Chairman of The Board of County Commissioners, I had the honorable pleasure of serving the needs of people in St. Lucie County. During my time in office I worked side by side with both cities & county Officials, leaders, and staff to address the issues in our communities. Upon working together we were able to re-invigorate the Port of Ft. Pierce by approving a master plan, capital improvements, and garner the interest of investors to buy property near and around the Port to start a future thriving business.
Speaking of businesses, both cities and County through our efforts of working together — we were able to help fast track new businesses and give some incentives to present business that's been around for years for creating new jobs, which help us drop our unemployment rate from 12.6% to less than 6%.
One of the major team accomplishments we all are proud of is that we were able to work with representatives from both city & county to bring back from Tallahassee a record $126 million dollars to help us address the prioritized agenda of local government to fulfill our community needs.
I am running for this office because I've worked well with our seasoned local officials, working together again I know we will deliver greater results than previous, and through my experience as an Award Policy Committee member of FAC (Florida Association of Counties) has equipped me for creating policy, working across the aisle, and advocating the prioritized needs of the district.
My top 3 priorities are Education, Environment, and Healthcare.
As a former Award Winning Teacher I understand the demands put on both teachers & students to develop and succeed daily. I support less standardized tests and more standard classroom based learning — which helps in spending more money toward teachers salaries and less money testing materials. I also support Vocational Educational Schools and programs which provide certifications for job enhancement before receiving job placement. Furthermore, I support our local State College in expanding their baccalaureate programs to keep pace with the growing demands of local students and employers within our region.
As someone who's spoken about our Lagoon to the nation's 44th President Barack Obama, I understand the negative effects of algae blooms on our tourism, real estate market, and health or well-being of our citizens. I will fight for funding and solutions both short & long-term to strongly mitigate adverse impacts on our environment.
As someone who has a senior citizen mother who needed medical attention around the clock previously, I empathize with those who need medical service for their loved one's and simply can't afford it! In a state of retired seniors and others who need medical attention we must strongly pursue medicaid expansion to provide services for at least 1 million people who are in need of care.
As a former County Commissioner, I believe my experience as a Chairman & member of various Local and statewide Boards & Committees has prepared me for this important position. I also believe my relationships from working side by side with seasoned Elected Officials at both Cities & County level, will allow us from day one to be on the same page for garnering quicker success. Lastly, I believe the Local Officials, Leadership, and Staff trust in me and my trust in them from previous successes — will allow us to distinctively produce great result than ever.


text:
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A: Полагаю, исходя из сложного вопроса, выглядит это в этом духе
Жмём первую кнопку, получаем 100
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The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the International Development Law Organization (IDLO) are promoting gender equality in the southern and eastern Mediterranean (SEMED) by developing a regional advocacy platform to help reduce gender barriers to women in the judicial profession and related strategic areas.
In cooperation with the International Association of Women Judges, the Union of Moroccan Women Judges and under the patronage of the Supreme Judicial Council of Morocco, the EBRD and IDLO organised a regional forum taking place in Casablanca on 14 to 15 December 2017.
The forum gathered about 50 women judges, academics and representatives of women lawyers' associations from Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Poland, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, USA, and West Bank and Gaza to discuss women's experiences, knowledge and opportunities in the justice sector, and formulate the vision, objectives and action items of the first regional women judges' network.
Ms Kim O'Sullivan, Senior Counsel at the EBRD's Office of the General Counsel, is leading this initiative under the EBRD Legal Transition Programme. Ms O'Sullivan said: "Women judges' networks play an important role in reducing gender barriers and advancing gender reforms. We hope that the forum will lay the foundations for the establishment of a broader regional women judges' network in the SEMED region and that the forum will meet annually."


This book is available from the author for $15 postpaid to a U.S. address.
I imagine Jack Troy keeps a pad and pencil near his kiln, to record the words and images that erupt from fire and clay. Who could know the Earth better than a master potter with an eye for detail and a throat that tightens when remembrance comes, lugging a lifetime of events that have seared him into the man he has become? These poems are meant to be read time and again, to be kept on a low shelf next to a winter hearth.
Jack Troy's poems hew to detail. You are in a graspable world. The hand is constantly present, but in an absolute conjunction with the heart. Each touches the other, both learn together. But these poems are also made things, skillfully shaped. One of their pleasures is in their sound; an active ear is at work here. Like his hawk, the poems perform the miracle of finding one another, making more. The Shakers said, "Every force evolves a form," which happens in this book. Hand and heart.


SketchUp Users - PLEASE read this before posting!!!
Free Kerkythea scenes, globals and materials?
Rendering that could take over a year?!
Setup KE to be as easy as Keyshot?
How many light source polygons are "many"?


Adam gave this reflection at EYC Happening earlier this year. It was excerpted in the March Communicator.
I love roller coasters. Not the ones whose sole purpose is to make you nauseous by being jerked endlessly in little teacups. And definitely not the ones that send you hundreds of feet in the air with the only goal to drop you at an unexpected time, making you feel a mix of weightlessness and as if you're holding a half ton pack of steel on your back.
The roller coasters that I enjoy and ride over and over again until the amusement park shuts down actually last quite a long time. They have unexpected corkscrew movements that can change direction at the blink of an eye, and push the limits of the human body with unimaginable speed and unthinkable heights.
But I, being the deep thinker and silent observer that I am, just wasn't content with the responses that curious young Jimmy and little Suzie gave me. My answer to "What does faith have to do with roller coasters?" is this: Life is a roller coaster and without faith, you won't be able to wait in the seemingly unending line, read the numerous warnings scattered around the ride, or even safely secure your harness with out turning back and heading to the ring toss. That's not the most in-depth way I can put my mind on paper, but let me give you a glimpse into my beliefs in confidence and faith.
My favorite example of someone showing absolute faith in God is the story of Job. When the devil came, confronted God and asked him who had the greatest faith in him, God showed the devil a man named Job. God then gave his adversary permission to do whatever it wanted to do to test Job's faith. After the devil took away Job's family, house and livestock, Job still believed and had faith that God was still present and whatever happens happens for a reason.
So for the next few minutes y'all assume the role of the unsuspecting bystander waiting for the next bus on the bench and imagine I am the pleasantly dressed Forest Gump. But instead of contrasting life to a box of chocolates, I, Forest, will enhance our visualization by considering life, as well as faith, in terms of a much more exciting (and healthier) metaphor, the roller coaster.
Right now, most of you in this room haven't even edged over the first hill of your coaster. In the mid-teen years your coaster slowly treks to the first drop, with the continuous and usually annoying clicking sound heard underneath the car. We make friends with each other, learning which of our fellow riders are coaster veterans and which ones are about to wet their pants, who are the screamers and who are the ones who will dare to let go of their grip and raise their hands above their heads. This is where most adolescents are, making friends and learning what their interests are compared to the other thrill seekers. This stage of life usually ends at graduation, and the once-confident rider is thrown into the world with just the knowledge and the friends he or she accumulated from the first stage of standing in line, buckling in safely and slowly ascending that first big hill.
But when your coaster reaches the top and dives over the first hill, it can feel like it will never slow down. This is just like being an adult trying to handle multitudes of things while trying to keep your eyes on what kind of dip or dive the coaster will offer you next. At this point, after a single thrill-hill dive, you still feel secure that you have the ability to draw back and learn the ropes of life from the friendships you have made and the lessons you have learned during the slow uphill crawl to the first drop.
Another thing that keeps you tied down on the roller coaster of life is faith in the covenant that God made with us that includes rainbows and other signs of hope. Riders need to trust the relationship that they formed with God to know that God will never do anything to harm them. They need faith and knowledge that God has never broken this promise. Friends, parents and the world might hinder this relationship, but God never will.
No two roller coasters are the same because no two lives are the same. When your life now is very difficult and it is hard to find faith to believe that things will get easier or understand why tough things are happening, you can look at others who have already completed that part of the coaster and have faith that their experience and suggestions will help you make it to the next break in the coaster.
Since July 2014, I, Adam not Forest, made friends with two key people who have taught me tips on how they cope with a rigorous and seemingly unending path that God put in their way. They have taught important things I never imagined I would need to know when I was confidently ascending that first roller coaster hill, like how lemon heads really help with nausea, tricks to manage pain and the importance of making every day count despite frequent setbacks. My faith as well as theirs has especially been tested in the last few months, as they were told that their roller coaster might come to a halt before they coasted into the last smooth stretch. But the tips and inspiration that they have passed on to me are eternal and my faith in God grows by knowing them.
God chose to put me on the Top Thrill Dragster or, as I like to call it, the 41935, a record-breaking feat of the human race that sends unsuspecting people from 0 to 120 in four seconds and then soaring 400 feet in the air.
Last summer, like most of you, I was on the part of the coaster where I was confidently surveying my surroundings, making friends and learning key skills to navigate basic yet challenging parts of life until I would experience the first hill's drop at my high school graduation in May 2016. But then, on the hot summer evening of July 28, 2014, I was asked to stop by our friends, the Holts', house around 9 p.m., because my family was over there. I was on a stellar date with Annie in Harbor Town that included sunset and pizza. I wasn't ready to leave yet, and definitely wasn't prepared for the sudden first drop in the coaster that was about to happen.
Now, remember my earlier description of my ideal roller coaster that includes sharp turns and sudden drops? Well, I could never have imagined the wild, insane ride that "41935" would offer me. At about 9:04 p.m., my coaster began to take an unexpected dive that most people would never willingly buckle up for, and, thankfully, most will never have to experience, especially with that level of being unprepared for the dive.
At their house, I was told I had Leukemia. I didn't even know what Leukemia was, much less that it was cancer in my blood. Soon we went home for the night, pretended to sleep a little (because how do you sleep on a roller coaster) and then showed up the next morning at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. I was now officially on a roller coaster I didn't know I was in line to ride and it was already rolling at warp speed.
I was given the Medical Record Number of 41935, the number I register in with at 7 a.m. at least three days a week. It's the number on my wristband that gets scanned when my chemo gets checked so I receive the right medicines. On that first day the nurses very quickly drew at least a liter of blood from my body. My medical genius doctor from Taiwan, Dr. Pui, told me I would be spending the next two and a half years receiving chemo daily or at least weekly at St. Jude and would return for annual testing for another seven years until the word "cure" will finally be said to me.
I was 16 years old and diagnosed with B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. I started my first of 100s of doses of chemo at 3 p.m. the same day.
Soon, faster than you can imagine, my roller coaster's ups, downs and loop-de-loops took me through unexpected bonus twists and turns like pancreatitis, a pneumomediastinum (which was an air bubble in my chest that felt like my heart couldn't beat), and, just a few weeks ago, a stricture that required surgery for my esophagus to keep from closing up. Without faith, I wouldn't just be a doubtful person because I couldn't see the light at the end of the tunnel, I couldn't have survived this far on the coaster!
Thankfully, two months before diagnosis, I had travelled with my youth group on a spiritual pilgrimage to Germany. I met God there over and over again through my friends, our chaperones and places like Buchenwald, a World War II concentration camp. Talk about unexpected roller coasters! What must it have been like for the people in the Holocaust?
One year before diagnosis, I had participated in Happening and anchored my faith just like you are doing. With the strong faith that I now have in God, I know that I have the strength to make it through the rapid and unexpected ups and downs that are being revealed to me.
And let me tell you, the light at the end of my tunnel is full of fireworks and just as visible as anyone else's is.


text:
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Eight cities to host French Film Festival, October 26 – November 8
October 26, 2015 July 31, 2019 AGERPRES AGERPRES, NEWS events, french film, french film festival, french institute in romania, schedule
The 19th edition of the French Film Festival is going on October 26 – November 8 in eight Romanian cities and it includes an interesting week in collaboration with famous Cahiers du Cinema magazine of film criticism, organisers report in a press statement to AGERPRES.
The festival opens in Bucharest and Brasov on October 30; in Timisoara, Iasi and Cluj-Napoca on October 29; in Sibiu on October 28 and in Constanta on October 26. In Buzau, the festival is carried out November 6-7.
The French Film Festival includes the categories of the past editions — "Panorama" and the "Young Director" competition — along with special events such as a white night of French thrillers, and a golden day.
The selection of the six films for the "Semaine de Cahiers," Chaiers' week, event, is an introspection of noir and thriller films and a retrospect of French filmmaking. The selected films are: "Alphaville" by Jean-Luc Godard (the 1960s), "L'Etrangleur" (The Strangler) by Paul Vecchiali (the 1970s), "Vivement dimanche!" (Confidentially Yours) by François Truffaut (the 1980s), "J'ai pas sommeil" (I Can't Sleep) by Claire Denis, "La Ceremonie" by Claude Chabrol (the 1990s) and "La chambre bleue" (The Blue Room) by Mathieu Amalric (2014).
Part of the competition will be the presentation of seven premieres by young French film directors in the presence of some of them. Spectators may vote in the Public Prize category, with the winning film to be subsequently distributed in Romania.
The "Panorama" category provides an opportunity to the public to discover or rediscover emblematic productions of the contemporary French filmmaking.
The 2015 edition of the festival pays homage to Belgian-born director Chantal Anne Akerman, known for her feminine and feminist films. The selected production, "La folie Almayer" (Almayer's Folly) (2011), starring Stanislas Merher, Aurora Marion and Marc Berbe is a screen adaptation of the homonymous book by Joseph Conrad, with four nominations to the Magritte Award. More…
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While farming was the most important way of making a living in North Dakota for more than 100 years, there were some economically important industries, too. Two of the most important industries in this time period were coal mining and brick making. There were coal mines, both large and small, around the western and central part of North Dakota. (See Document 1) The smallest coal mines provided heating fuel for one or more families. Family mines often extracted only surface coal. (See Image 1) The families would gather in the fall with picks and shovels to scrape up the coal. They loaded coal into a few wagons to take back to their homes. Small mines were often called wagon mines.
Image 1: This coal mine is probably a family mine, or a mine which serves a small community. Most mines only operated during fall and winter when home and business heating systems required fuel. SHSND D0203.
Image 2: The Herman Hansen underground coal mine was located west of Turtle Lake. The main structures of a coal mine included the "tipple," the tall tower which is present on all underground mines. SHSND 0032-ML-07-06.
Some small mines provided fuel for one town. These mines were usually large enough to have an underground tunnel. (See Image 2.) The largest mines, such as the mines at Wilton, operated year-round most of the time and found distant markets for their coal.
Some coal mine jobs were seasonal. Farmers could work in a coal mine during the winter months when they had little to do on the farm. Coal mines paid cash wages which were very helpful to farmers. In the summer, the coal mines were less active, and farmers could return to their fields.
Businessmen established dozens of brickyards in towns all over the state. Brickyards were often fairly short-term businesses. They opened while a town was growing rapidly, or booming, and closed when the demand for bricks diminished. A newcomer might find work in a brickyard until he settled on a more permanent job. Some brickyards were established for the purpose of the construction of a single large building. Few brickyards remained in operation for more than five years.
From the early years of the territory and the state, many businesses opened with great expectations for becoming successful enterprises. Most of these closed when economic troubles, the lack of a market (a place to sell their goods or services), or war caused labor shortages or financial problems. The hardiest of these businesses survived and adapted to a constantly changing economic climate.


Two weeks ago my friend Antoinette and I got together in her beautiful backyard to batik some silk fabric which we would later nuno felt. For more information on the batik process click HERE. Yesterday we got together at my house for the nuno felting portion of our textile adventure. I had hand dyed some wool roving and other silks to coordinate with the batiks we did.
I started off with a piece of the batiked silk 132" long by 19" wide and after the felting process, the finished scarf was 89" long by 10 1/2" wide. I am so pleased with all the texture, the color and the drape. This scarf is beautiful and so different on both sides. The one side mainly shows the batik fabric texturized from the wool roving that was placed on the other side. The reverse side shows all the other elements I added in - the wool roving, the silks, ribbons, cut up and repurposed UFO knitting projects, etc.
Lay out for the scarf. It shrunk 33% in length and 45% in width.
Below are a few more pics of the finished scarf/shawl which can be worn in so many fun ways.
This is my version processed in Photoshop. Lots of texture and adjustment layers.


text:
First Aid Kit - Ruins (180G)
180 Gram Vinyl
Digital download included
#2 / The Wild Honey Pie
#5 / Gaffa (Denmark)
#6 / Gaffa (Sweden)
#27 / Albumism
Esquire (UK)
#17 / PopMatters (Folk)
2018 release. Ruins is the eagerly awaited album from Swedish sister duo First Aid Kit. This album finds First Aid Kit as you've never heard them before: wounded and biting back hard. While Ruins follows the traditions of the classic folk-rock sound that First Aid Kit revived via their breakthrough album Stay Gold (2014) and previous releases The Big Black And The Blue (2010) and The Lion's Roar (2012), the difference is that this time they've lived, and the results are intense. Tracks such as Rebel Heart the album's opener documents a love doomed from the start. It's A Shame the lead single is a plea to live in the moment because everyone disposes of each other eventually. On Postcard and To Live A Life, you feel the breath-stealing weight of despair when a shattered love leaves you bereft of hope. Fireworks introverts the blame with self-loathing. Ruins was made with one target in mind: make it sound more real a result the Șderberg sisters clearly achieved.
It's a Shame
To Live a Life
My Wild Sweet Love
Distant Star
Hem of Her Dress
Nothing Has to Be True


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Senate Delays Montana Medicaid Bill, Pennsylvania AG Files Petition
April 21, 2019 by Innovation Partners
Activity at the state and federal level this week is heating up in the fight against higher drug and healthcare costs. PBMs testified before federal lawmakers, who seemed uncertain of their role in the industry. The Montana Senate delayed the Medicaid bill, and Pennsylvania's Attorney General filed a petition to attempt to force UPMC to sign a continuation of their temporary agreement with Highmark. This and more in this week's Innovation Partners BioBlog.
Drug Pricing Hearing May Show A 'Disconnect' Between PBMs and Senators
Five executives from the nation's largest PBMs testified before federal lawmakers this week. PBMs attempted to justify their role while lawmakers pushed for greater transparency. The senators appeared less anxious to pound on the PBMs' which signals they may not fully understand the business model. The industry continued to watch the unfolding story.
Payer Roundup—Senate delays Montana Medicaid bill
The Montana state Senate has delayed a bill to extend Medicaid. A vote of 25-25 stalled the House bill; Republican lawmakers are trying to use this to their advantage for new laws. The current bill expires over the summer. According to Montana law, the Senate bill needs to pass the chamber by Tuesday because of a transmittal deadline.
MACPAC calls for Congress to eliminate the drug rebate cap
MACPAC called for Congress to eliminate the drug rebate cap in an effort to address growing drug prices. The savings from higher rebates would allow states to provide the same level of drug coverage at lower costs and continue to exert downward pressure on price increases, they said. The change could potentially save the federal government between $15 billion and $20 billion over 10 years according to estimates from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO).
Medicare Aims to Expand Coverage of Cancer Care. But Is It Enough
Cancer patients, doctors and drug companies are urging the Trump Administration to extend Medicare coverage to CAR-T cell therapy. Because the treatment is uniquely made for each patient, it can be quite costly. Medicare will determine over the next few weeks if and how it may cover these and other groundbreaking personalized treatments. Most are very expensive, but the benefits last for years.
Maryland, Massachusetts statehouses press drug-pricing bills as feds founder
Although the federal government is fighting its own drug pricing battles, states aren't standing idly by but are also taking action. Massachusetts' Joint Committee on Health Care Financing heard testimony on the rising cost of drugs as it reviewed 21 bills targeting drug pricing and transparency. Maryland backed a state drug affordability board that would take effect in 2022.The bill, which cleared conference committee Monday, would allow the newly formed commission to cap prices on certain drugs it determines are unreasonably costly for consumers. The governor may still veto the bill.
Pennsylvania AG, UPMC take spat to state's highest court
The Pennsylvania Attorney General, Josh Shapiro, filed a petition against the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), stating that it is in violation of its charitable obligations by refusing to sign on to a modified version of the agreement with Highmark. UPMC says Shapiro lacks the authority to force the agreement. UPMC and Highmark Health have been fighting for the better part of a decade over market share in both the greater Pittsburgh payer and provider markets. Pennsylvania issued a multi-year consent decree that mandates each offer coverage for services provided at the other's facilities. That deal is set to expire this summer.
BIOBLOG Curated News
Drug Prices Will Not Need to Be Disclosed on Television and Other News
Drugmakers breathed a sigh of relief when the courts decided against the HHS rule that television ads would be required to include the price of a 30-day supply of the advertised drug. President Trump indicated he would make a move to help the USA pay similar prices to other nations for drug … [...Read More...] about Drug Prices Will Not Need to Be Disclosed on Television and Other News
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text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}

The determination of the individual exclusive branching fractions of
$B \ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace X_c \ell \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ decays\footnote{Here $X_c$ refers to any charm state, $X_u$ to any charmless particle.} is important for the study of the
dynamics of semileptonic decays of the $B$ meson. Precise data on
the spectroscopy of the hadronic system is needed to be compared with
theoretical predictions, obtained under different
assumptions~\cite{Morenas:1997nk,Leibovich:1997em, Ebert:2000bj,DiPierro:2002eu}.
This is especially important since the mass of
the hadronic system, recoiling against the leptonic pair in the decay,
is a crucial parameter in the extraction of $|V_{cb}|$ in exclusive
semileptonic decays, in isolating $B \ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace X_u \ell \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ from
$B \ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace X_c \ell \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ decays for determining $|V_{ub}|$, and also in
the extraction of the heavy quark masses and other non-perturbative Operator Product Expansion
parameters from the distribution of spectral moments in semileptonic
decays. This is exemplified by the fact that one of the leading sources of
systematic uncertainty in the extraction of $|V_{cb}|$ from the exclusive
decay $\bar B \ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace D^* \ell \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ is our limited knowledge of the
background due to $\bar B \ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace D^* \pi \ell \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$~\cite{pdg}. Reducing
this uncertainty is of crucial importance, as lattice calculations
promise to improve the theoretical accuracy on the form factor normalization to
2-3~\%. Improvements in our knowledge of $B \ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace X_c \ell \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ decays will
also benefit the accuracy in the extraction of $|V_{ub}|$, as analyses are
extending their probe into kinematical regions where these decays represent a sizable background.

The first determination of the fractions of $D^{**}$ states in semileptonic
$b$ decays was obtained by the ALEPH~\cite{Buskulic:1996uk},
DELPHI~\cite{Abreu:2000,Bloch:2000} and OPAL~\cite{Abbiendi:2002ge}
experiments at LEP, where some information on the mass distributions of these
states was also extracted, and by CLEO~\cite{Anastassov:1997im} at CESR.
In particular, the kinematics at LEP, where the $B$ hadrons
had a significant boost and were separated in opposite hemispheres, allowed
analyses based on the topology of the particle tracks with respect to the decay
vertices. On the other hand, primary fragmentation particles represented a
background and statistics were limited. More recently, new
results have been obtained by the D0~\cite{Abazov:2005ga}
experiment at the Tevatron.

Not only are the data samples at the $B$ factories much larger than those
obtained at earlier collider experiments, in addition the feasibility to fully
reconstruct one of the two $B$ mesons produced exclusively in the decay of the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance permits
the study of semileptonic decays of the other $B$ meson in an almost unbiased way.
This allows the study of exclusive semileptonic $B$ decays involving charm mesons, specifically $D$, $D^*$,
resonant $D^{**}$ and non-resonant $D^{(*)} \pi$ with the \mbox{\sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A}\hspace{-0.37em} \sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A\hspace{-0.02em}R}}\ data.

Measurements of the largest $B$ meson branching fraction, $\mathcal{B}$($\bar B^0 \ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace D^{*-} \ell^+ \nu_{\ell}$), by the CLEO, the LEP and the \mbox{\sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A}\hspace{-0.37em} \sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A\hspace{-0.02em}R}}\ and BELLE experiments, based  on different reconstruction techniques, need to be
reconciled. The current average value~\cite{hfag} has a $\chi^2$/ndof = 14.8/7 with a probability of
just 3.8~\%.

Furthermore, there have been so far only very few
studies of semileptonic decays to $D^{**}$ and non-resonant final states at the
$B$-factories. BELLE has recently reported the determination of the
$D^{(*)} \pi \ell \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ decay branching fraction~\cite{Abe:2005up}.

This study uses a novel technique to extract the exclusive branching
fractions\footnote{Charge-conjugate modes are implied throughout this paper, unless explicitly stated otherwise.} for $B^- \ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace D^0 \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$, $B^- \ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace D^{*0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$  and
$B^- \ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace D^{**0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ ($\ell = e$ or $\mu$), where $D^{**0}$ denotes here an hadronic final
state containing a charm meson and with total mass above that of the $D^*$
state, therefore including both  $D^{**0}$ mesons and non-resonant
$D^{(*)} \pi$ states.

\section{The \mbox{\sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A}\hspace{-0.37em} \sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A\hspace{-0.02em}R}}\ Detector and Dataset}
\label{sec:babar}
This analysis is based on data collected with the \mbox{\sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A}\hspace{-0.37em} \sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A\hspace{-0.02em}R}}\ detector at the PEP-II\ storage ring. The total integrated luminosity of the data set is 211.7 fb$^{-1}$ collected on the $\Upsilon(4S)$. The corresponding number of produced $B\bar{B}$ pairs is 239 million. The \mbox{\sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A}\hspace{-0.37em} \sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A\hspace{-0.02em}R}}\ detector is described in detail elsewhere~\cite{ref:babar}. Charged-particle trajectories are measured by a 5-layer double-sided silicon vertex tracker (SVT) and a 40-layer drift chamber (DCH), both operating in a 1.5-T solenoidal magnetic field. Charged-particle identification is provided by the average energy loss (d$E$/d$x$) in the tracking devices and by an internally reflecting ring-imaging Cherenkov detector. Photons are detected by a CsI(Tl) electromagnetic calorimeter. Muons are identified by the instrumented magnetic-flux return (IFR).
We use
Monte Carlo simulations of the \mbox{\sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A}\hspace{-0.37em} \sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A\hspace{-0.02em}R}}\ detector based on {\tt GEANT}~\cite{geant} to validate the event reconstruction and the fitting technique used to extract the individual semileptonic branching fractions.

\section{Overview of the Analysis Method}
\label{sec:Analysis}

The technique developed for this analysis identifies a set of variables, which can be used to discriminate between the individual semileptonic decay modes.
These variables are
 i) the missing mass squared reconstructed with respect to the $D \ell$
system, $m^2_{miss}$, ii) the lepton momentum in the $B$ rest frame
 and iii) the number of reconstructed tracks in addition to
those used for reconstructing the $D$ state and the lepton.
In order to reduce the
sensitivity to Monte Carlo modelling, shapes of the discriminating
variables for the $D^0$, $D^{*0}$ and $D^{**0}$ decays are extracted from data samples that are highly enriched with the individual decay modes.

Semileptonic $B$ decays containing
one fully reconstructed $D$ meson and recoiling against a fully reconstructed
$B$ in hadronic decay modes ($B_{tag}$) are selected. We reconstruct $B_{tag}$ decays of the type $B \rightarrow \bar{D} Y$, where $D$ refers to a charm meson, and $Y$ represents a collection of hadrons with a total charge of $\pm 1$, composed of $n_1\pi^{\pm}+n_2 K^{\pm}+n_3 K^0_S+n_4\pi^0$, where $n_1+n_2< 6$, $n_3<3$, and $n_4<3$. Using $D^0$ and $D^{*0}$ as seeds for $B^-$ decays, we reconstruct about 1000 different decay chains. The kinematic consistency of a $B_{tag}$ candidate with a $B$ meson decay is checked using two variables, the beam-energy substituted mass $m_{ES}=\sqrt{s/4-\vec{p}_B^2}$ and the energy difference, $\Delta E = E_B -\sqrt{s}/2$. Here $\sqrt{s}$ refers to the total energy, and $\vec{p}_B$ and $E_B$ denote the momentum and energy of the $B_{tag}$ candidate in the $\Upsilon(4S)$ center of mass frame. For correctly identified $B_{tag}$, the $m_{ES}$ distribution peaks at the $B$ meson mass, while $\Delta E$ is consistent with zero.
The signal region for tagging $B$ candidates is defined as $m_{ES} > 5.27$ GeV/$c^2$.

The analysis exploits the presence of two charmed mesons
in the final state: one used as a seed for the exclusive reconstruction of the $B_{tag}$,
and another in the $B$ semileptonic decay, to obtain a high reconstruction efficiency.
The reconstruction starts from the $B$ semileptonic decay, identifying a charm meson of the correct
charge-flavor correlation with a lepton with momentum in the $\Upsilon(4S)$ frame higher than 0.6 GeV/$c$ and then selects the $B_{tag}$ with the smallest $\Delta E$ among those which do not overlap with the reconstructed charm meson associated with the lepton.
$D^0$ candidates are reconstructed in nine decay modes: $D^0 \rightarrow K^-\pi^+$,  $K^- \pi^+ \pi^0$,
$K^- \pi^+ \pi^+ \pi^-$, $K^0_S \pi^+ \pi^-$, $K^0_S \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^0$, $K^0_S \pi^0$, $K^+ K^-$, $\pi^+ \pi^-$, $K^0_S K^0_S$.
$D^+$ candidates are reconstructed in seven decay modes:  $D^+ \rightarrow K^- \pi^+ \pi^+$, $K^- \pi^+ \pi^+ \pi^0$, $K^0_S \pi^+$ , $K^0_S \pi^+ \pi^0$, $K^+ K^- \pi^+$, $K^0_S K^+$, $K^0_S \pi^+ \pi^+ \pi^-$.

This procedure is
designed to maximize the efficiency of the $D \ell$ reconstruction and, as a result, the $B_{tag}$
sample shows high purity, without need of further cuts.

Then, $B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ events, where $X$ can be either nothing or any particle(s) from a charged $B$ semileptonic decay into an higher mass charm state (or a  non resonant state), are identified by relatively loose selection criteria: we require the charm meson ground state invariant masses $M_{D^0}$ and $M_{D^+}$ to be in the range $1.85 < M_{D^0}< 1.88$ GeV/$c^2$ and $1.853 < M_{D^+}< 1.883$ GeV/$c^2$ and the cosine of the angle between the $D$ candidate and the lepton in the $\Upsilon(4S)$ frame to be less than zero, to reduce background from non $B$ semileptonic decays.
After these loose selection criteria, the sample contains leptons from prompt and cascade $B$ meson decays (i.e. the lepton does not come directly from the $B$) plus various background sources (e.g. photon conversions and $\pi^0$  Dalitz decays, combinatoric \BB\ background) that need to be subtracted. The contamination from cascade $B$ meson decays (about 15\% of the total sample) is removed by using the simulated Monte Carlo distributions for these backgrounds.  These events are
reweighted to account for possible differences between the branching fractions used in our Monte Carlo simulation and the latest experimental measurements.
The photon conversion and $\pi^0$ Dalitz decay background (less than 2\% of the total electron sample) is removed by using a dedicated algorithm, which performs the reconstruction of vertices between tracks of opposite charge whose invariant mass is compatible with a photon conversion or a $\pi^0$ Dalitz decay.

Figure \ref{fig:mesBplus} shows the $m_{ES}$ distribution for the $B_{tag}$ candidates in the $B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ sample. We fit this distribution with empirical functions: a Crystal Ball~\cite{CrystallBall} for the signal and an ARGUS function~\cite{argusfunc} for the background.
Combinatoric \BB\ background is removed by performing a sideband subtraction by scaling the number of background events in the $B_{tag}$~$m_{ES}$ sideband region $5.21 < m_{ES} < 5.26$ GeV/$c^{2}$ to the integral of the background function in the signal region.
Cross-feed effects ($B^-_{tag}$ candidates erroneously reconstructed as a neutral $B$) are corrected for using Monte Carlo simulation. We estimate the fraction of $\bar{B}^0$ events in the reconstructed $B^-$ sample to be 7\%.

To determine the total reconstruction efficiencies for individual
signal decays using Monte Carlo simulation, the fitted yield of events
in the $m_{ES}$ distribution of the $B_{tag}$ decays is compared to the
produced number of semileptonic decays in tagged events.

\begin{figure}[!t]
\centering
\epsfig{figure=./LastBpMesElec.eps,width=7.4cm}
\epsfig{figure=./LastBpMesMuon.eps,width=7.4cm}
\caption{The $m_{ES}$ distributions (data points with statistical errors) for the hadronic $B_{tag}$ with $B^- \rightarrow D X e^- \bar{\nu}_e$ (left) and $B^- \rightarrow D X \mu^- \bar{\nu}_{\mu}$ (right) events. The solid line represents a fit to the total distribution, the dotted line the combinatorial background. The fitted signal yields are respectively $2409 \pm 122$ and $1624 \pm 130$ for the electron and muon samples.}
\label{fig:mesBplus}
\end{figure}

The inclusive distributions of the discriminating variables are determined for the selected $B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ samples.
The missing mass squared in the event is defined as:

\begin{equation}
 m^2_{miss} = (p(\Upsilon) -p(B_{tag}) - p(D^{0,+}) - p(\ell))^2
\end{equation}

\noindent in terms of the various particle four-momenta and for correctly measured signal events it corresponds to the invariant mass of the $X \nu_{\ell}$ system in the $B^- \ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace D^{0,+} X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ decay. Thus for $B^- \rightarrow D^0 \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ decays, the missing mass squared corresponds to the neutrino mass and  peaks at zero. For semileptonic decays to excited $D$ mesons or non-resonant states, the distribution is shifted towards higher masses. The selection of fully reconstructed
events results in an excellent missing mass resolution of 0.04~GeV$^2$/$c^4$, an order of magnitude lower compared
to non-tagged analyses~\cite{exampArgus}.

The lepton momentum in the $\Upsilon(4S)$ frame is the second variable which can be used to some extent to discriminate among the different $B$ semileptonic decays. Leptons directly produced from $B$ decays will have momenta greater than secondary cascade decays of the type $B \rightarrow D \rightarrow \ell$. For true $B$ semileptonic decays, the lepton momentum is peaked between 1.5 and 2 GeV/$c$. Leptons from $B \rightarrow D \ell \nu_{\ell}$ will usually have lower momenta than $B \rightarrow D^* \ell \nu_{\ell}$, because for $\vec{p}_D \rightarrow 0$, the  decay $B \rightarrow D \ell \nu_{\ell}$ is suppressed, so $D$ mesons will have higher momenta. Leptons from $B \rightarrow D^{**}(D^{(*)}\pi) \ell \nu_{\ell}$ will have much lower momenta, due to the reduced phase space available.

The multiplicity of reconstructed charged tracks in the event, in excess of those accounted for the $B_{tag}$ recoil side, the lepton and the $D^{0,+}$, offers as the missing mass a very high discriminating power to separate the different $B$ semileptonic decays. Every charged track is required to have its point of closest approach to the
interaction point less than 10 cm along
the beam axis and less than 1.5 cm transverse to the beam axis.
The number of additional tracks should be zero for pure $B \rightarrow D^{0,+} \ell \nu_{\ell}$ decays and larger than zero for
those decays involving heavier charm states, provided these decay into a lighter $D$ accompanied by
charged particles.

Figure \ref{fig:cartoon} shows the reconstructed missing mass squared, lepton momentum and additional charged track multiplicity distributions for a Monte Carlo sample of $B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ events.  The different shapes of the  $B^- \rightarrow D^{(*,**)0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ components are clearly visible. As it can be observed, a fraction of  $B^- \rightarrow D^{(*)0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ events shows a multiplicity of additional charged tracks greater than zero, coming from badly reconstructed tracks not used for the $B_{tag}$ reconstruction.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
\epsfig{figure=./cartoonLastRCMM.eps,width=7.4cm}
\epsfig{figure=./cartoonLastRCTRK.eps,width=7.4cm}
\epsfig{figure=./cartoonLastRCSP.eps,width=7.4cm}
\caption{Distributions of the missing mass squared, the multiplicity of additional charged tracks and the lepton momentum spectrum for a Monte Carlo sample of $B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ events used for the  relative branching ratio $\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D^{0,*0,**0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})/\Gamma (B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})$ measurement; the different components are superimposed with different colors.}
\label{fig:cartoon}
\end{figure}

\section{Reconstruction of the Exclusive Decays $B^- \rightarrow D^{(*,**)0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$}

To extract the relative branching ratios of the $B^- \rightarrow D^{(*,**)0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ decays from the inclusive $B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ sample, Probability Density Functions (PDFs) corresponding to the different components present in the inclusive distributions must be built. These PDFs are determined using data sets enriched in the different exclusive $B^- \rightarrow D^{(*,**)0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ decays and then parameterized as analytical functions, with the exception of the charged particle track multiplicities which, owing to their discrete nature, are best described by histograms.

The selection of these enriched samples is optimized in terms of their purity, to introduce minimum biases with respect to the true underlying distributions. Background contributions in the exclusive samples include other $B$ semileptonic decays, where one particle is not reconstructed or erroneously added to the charm meson candidate (feed-down and feed-up).
We use a sample of $B^- \rightarrow D^{0,+} X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ or $B^- \rightarrow D^{*0,+} X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ events to reconstruct the exclusive decays. $D^0$ and $D^+$ candidates are selected as above. $D^*$ mesons are reconstructed by combining a $D$ candidate and a pion in the $D^{*+} \rightarrow D^0 \pi^+ (D^+\pi^0)$ and $D^{*0} \rightarrow D^0 \pi^0$ decays. These $D^*$ candidates are required to have a mass difference $\Delta m = m_{D\pi} -m_D$ within $\pm 2,3,4$ MeV/$c^2$ of its nominal values for the decays $D^{*+} \rightarrow D^+ \pi^0$, $D^{*0} \rightarrow D^0 \pi^0$ and $D^{*+} \rightarrow D^0 \pi^+$ respectively. For the decays with a photon, $D^{*0} \rightarrow D^0 \gamma$, we require the mass difference $\Delta m = m_{D\gamma} -m_D$ within $\pm 9$ MeV/$c^2$ of its nominal value. $D^{**0}$ states or non resonant $B^- \rightarrow D^{(*)}\pi \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ decays are reconstructed by combining a $D$ or $D^{*}$ candidate with a charged pion. Neutral pions are not used at this stage of the reconstruction to avoid large combinatoric background.

Using the four-momentum of the reconstructed $D^{*(**)}$ candidate, we compute the corresponding missing mass squared  $m^2_{miss,D^{(*,**)}}$ in the event, defined as:

\begin{equation}
 m^2_{miss,D^{(*,**)}} = (p(\Upsilon) -p(B_{tag}) - p(D^{*(**)}) - p(\ell))^2.
\end{equation}

 For true $B^- \rightarrow D^{(*,**)0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ semileptonic decays, this missing mass squared will  peak at zero. Exclusive samples are then selected by applying the relevant cuts on this variable to select or remove, if we want to eliminate feed-down components, a specific $B$ semileptonic decay.

To select
$D^{*0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ decays, the variable $m^2_{miss, D^{*0}}$ is required to be in the range
$-0.35 < m^2_{miss, D^{*0}} < 0.5$ GeV$^2/c^4$, while the unwanted decays are
removed, by vetoing the peaking region in the corresponding missing mass squared distribution, i.e. $m^2_{miss, D^{**+}} > 0.5$ GeV$^2/c^4$ or $m^2_{miss, D^{**+}} < -0.6$ GeV$^2/c^4$ and
$m^2_{miss, D^{**0}} < -0.2$ GeV$^2/c^4$.

The exclusive decay $B^- \rightarrow D^0 \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ is selected by removing feed-down from $D^*$ and $D^{**}$ events. We require $m^2_{miss, D^{*0}} < -0.05$ GeV$^2/c^4$ to reduce feed-down from  $D^{*0} \rightarrow D^0 \gamma$ decays, $m^2_{miss, D^{*0}} < -0.4$ GeV$^2/c^4$ or $m^2_{miss, D^{*0}} > 1.0$ GeV$^2/c^4$ for $D^{*0} \rightarrow D^0 \pi^0$ decays. Feed-down from $D^{*+}$ events is reduced by requiring $|m^2_{miss, D^{*+}}| > 0.3$ GeV$^2/c^4$. Feed-down from $D^{**}$ events is reduced by requiring $|m^2_{miss, D^{**0}}| > 0.8$ GeV$^2/c^4$ or  $m^2_{miss, D^{**0}} < -0.5$ GeV$^2/c^4$ for $D^{**0} \rightarrow D^{*+} \pi^-$ and $D^{**0} \rightarrow D^{*0} \pi^0$ decays and $m^2_{miss, D^{**+}} < -0.5$ GeV$^2/c^4$ for $D^{**+}$ events.

Exclusive $B^- \rightarrow D^{**0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ events are selected by requiring $-0.25 < m^2_{miss, D^{**+}} < 0.85 (0.25)$ GeV$^2/c^4$ for $D^{**0} \rightarrow D^+ (D^{*+}) \pi^-$ decays.

Non $B$ semileptonic decay background and combinatoric \BB\ background are subtracted as in the inclusive distribution.
 Table \ref{tab:BPurity} lists the composition of the reconstructed exclusive samples in terms of purity,  feed-up(-down) fractions and non $B$ semileptonic background.

\begin{table}[!htb]
\centering
\caption{Purity and feed-down(up) contributions for the reconstructed exclusive decay modes.}
\begin{small}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\hline
{\scriptsize Decay Mode}  &  {\scriptsize Purity}  & {\scriptsize Feed-up ($D$)} & {\scriptsize Feed-up ($D^*$)} & {\scriptsize Feed-down ($D^*$)} & {\scriptsize Feed-down ($D^{**}$)} &  {\scriptsize background}\\
\hline
{\scriptsize $B^- \rightarrow D^0 \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$} & 75\% & - & - & 19.3\% & 3.6\% & 2.5\% \\
{\scriptsize $B^- \rightarrow D^{*0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$} & 91\% & 3.7\% & - & - & 2.8\% & 2.6\%\\
{\scriptsize $B^- \rightarrow D^{**0} (D^{*+} \pi^-) \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$} & 85\% & 0.27\% & 5.5\% & - & - & 9.4\%\\
{\scriptsize $B^- \rightarrow D^{**0} (D^+ \pi^-)\ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$} & 85\% & 1.2\% & 4.2\% & - & - & 9.7\%\\
\hline
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{small}
\label{tab:BPurity}
\end{table}

This reconstruction strategy has been validated to assess whether the exclusive
selection procedure induces biases on the shapes of the discriminating variables.
This has been done by comparing the distribution of these variables using different selection criteria on Monte Carlo simulated events of the different decay modes $B^- \rightarrow D^{(*,**)0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$.
The agreement of these distributions is good: residual discrepancies are evaluated as systematic effects.

The final step is the determination of the fractions
of $D^0$, $D^{*0}$ and $D^{**0}$ decays in the selected inclusive semileptonic
sample, by a simultaneous $\chi^2$ fit to the missing mass squared, additional charged track multiplicity and lepton momentum distributions
where the relative fractions are
treated as free parameters together with the parameters describing the shapes of
the discriminating variables. The PDFs for the three different fit components are extracted by fitting simultaneously the corresponding exclusive and inclusive reconstructed distributions.
The $D^0$ missing mass squared PDF is  the sum of three Gaussians, with independent means and widths, to account for the upper tail, which is mainly due to feed-down from $B^- \rightarrow D^{*0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ decays where the soft pion or the photon from the $D^{*0}$ is missing. The $D^{*0}$ ($D^{**0}$) missing mass squared PDF is built by the product of a Gaussian (an exponential) with a polynomial function.
The three $D^0$, $D^{*0}$ and $D^{**0}$ lepton momentum spectra are parameterized by the product of a polynomial and an exponential which describes the low  momentum tail of the spectra.
Because we do not reconstruct $D^{**0}$ states involving neutral pions, we use the $B^- \rightarrow D^{*0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ additional charged track multiplicity distribution to model $B^- \rightarrow D^{**0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ events, where the $D^{**0}$ decays in neutral pions.

The total PDF used to model the inclusive distribution is obtained by the sum of the three exclusive PDFs, whose relative weights correspond to the relative fractions of $D^0$, $D^{*0}$ and $D^{**0}$ decays in the sample. The sum of the relative weights is constrained to be equal to one.
This results in a $33$-parameter fit which ensures
that statistical correlations are properly taken into account and the
uncertainties on the exclusive shapes, obtained on much reduced statistics
compared to the inclusive sample, are correctly propagated into the
statistical uncertainties on the $D^0$, $D^{*0}$ and $D^{**0}$ fractions. The fit
also takes into account the feed-up and feed-down fractions in the exclusive shapes,
obtained from simulation and contributing to the systematic uncertainty.

The fit results for the $B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ are shown in Figure \ref{fig:FitRes1} and \ref{fig:FitRes2}. Figure \ref{fig:FitRes1} shows the fit result for the exclusive missing mass squared and lepton momentum distributions, which are used to build the PDF used to fit the corresponding inclusive distributions, shown in
Figure \ref{fig:FitRes2}. The simultaneous fit has a total $\chi^2$/ndof = 237/205.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\epsfig{figure=./lastExclusiveMM.eps,width=14.8cm}
\epsfig{figure=./lastExclusiveSP.eps,width=14.8cm}
\caption{Missing mass squared and lepton momentum distributions for the three selected exclusive decay modes, $B^- \rightarrow D^0 \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$, $B^- \rightarrow D^{*0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ and $B^- \rightarrow D^{**0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$. The data are compared to the result of the overall fit (solid line) to the distributions for the selected exclusive and inclusive samples.}
\label{fig:FitRes1}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\epsfig{figure=./lastInclusiveMM.eps,width=7.4cm}
\epsfig{figure=./lastInclusiveTRK.eps,width=7.4cm}
\epsfig{figure=./lastInclusiveSP.eps,width=7.4cm}
\caption{Distributions of the missing mass squared, the multiplicity of additional charged tracks and the lepton momentum spectrum for the selected $B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ events. The data are compared to the results of the overall fit (solid line). The PDFs for the three $D^{(*,**)0}$ components are shown in different colors, from lighter ($D^{**0}$) to darker ($D^{*0}$).
}
\label{fig:FitRes2}
\end{figure}

\section{Systematic Studies}
\label{sec:Systematics}

Different sources of systematic uncertainties have been estimated. These are divided in various
categories. Detector related systematics may arise from
discrepancies in the simulation modelling of the track reconstruction and efficiency, particle
identification and neutral particle reconstruction.

 Uncertainties related to the reconstruction of charged tracks are determined by evaluating the fit stability using different track selection criteria and by a toy Monte Carlo study in which we fluctuate the track multiplicity bin content according to the tracking efficiency uncertainty.
The systematic error due to the reconstruction of neutral particles is studied by varying the resolution and efficiency to match those found in control samples on data.
We estimate the systematic error due to particle identification by varying the electron and muon identification efficiencies by 2\% and 3\%, respectively. The misidentification probabilities are varied by 15\% for both electrons and muons.

Different systematic uncertainties are evaluated for the inclusive and exclusive reconstruction procedure.
For the inclusive reconstruction of the $B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ samples, the weighting factors used to subtract $B$ cascade decays are varied within their errors and the differences in the fitted relative branching ratios are included in the systematic uncertainty. We also evaluate systematic effects associated to the  misidentification rate and the tracking efficiency of the photon conversion and $\pi^0$ Dalitz decay reconstruction algorithm.
The uncertainty of the $B_{tag}$ combinatorial background subtraction is estimated by evaluating differences in the shapes of this background in the sideband and in the signal region using Monte Carlo predictions. We also evaluate the dependence of the sideband scaling factors on the lepton momentum.
The systematic error due to the uncertainty in the amount of flavor cross-feed is computed by varying its fraction  by a conservative 30\%.
The effect of uncertainty on reconstruction efficiency mostly cancels in the relative branching ratios; the uncertainty due to the finite Monte Carlo statistics and the $m_{ES}$ fit we use to compute the relative reconstruction efficiency is included accordingly in the systematic error evaluation.

For the exclusive reconstruction of $B^- \rightarrow D^{(*,**)0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ decays, systematic uncertainties arise from the evaluation of the purity of each sample and residual biases on the reconstructed
distributions due to the selection criteria.
Possible mismatching between data and Monte Carlo is accounted for by varying the feed-down and feed-up
fractions within their errors and by evaluating as systematic uncertainties differences in the fit results.
We also evaluate possible biases due to the use of reconstructed exclusive
distributions to build the PDFs by replacing them with Monte Carlo signal
distributions and performing the fit using these shapes. A separate systematic uncertainty is computed for the $D^{**0}$ additional track multiplicity distribution by varying the relative ratio of $D^{**0} \rightarrow D^{(*)+} \pi^-$ and $D^{**0} \rightarrow D^{(*)0} \pi^0$ events which is predicted by our Monte Carlo simulation.
The uncertainty of the $B_{tag}$ combinatorial background subtraction and the cross-feed correction is computed as for the inclusive reconstruction.

The fit performance has been extensively tested using simulated samples with
varying fractions of the different decay modes. These tests show that the
procedure adopted in this analysis is able to extract the decay fractions
without significant biases;  the statistical errors obtained from the fit are corrected according to the results on independent toy Monte Carlo tests and increased by 15(20)\% for the $D^{(*)0}(D^{**0})$ component.
We evaluated the systematics due to the fit technique by using
different parameterizations of the exclusive shapes. Additional
cross-checks were made, repeating the simultaneous fit of the exclusive
shape parameters and the exclusive yields in different configurations,
e.g. by fixing the PDF parameters for the exclusive distributions or by
only fitting the inclusive distributions.

\section{Results}
\label{sec:Physics}

The extraction of the relative fractions of $D^0$, $D^{*0}$ and $D^{**0}$ decays in the selected inclusive semileptonic
sample gives the relative branching ratios $\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D^{(*,**)0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})
 /\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})$.

The measured branching ratios are reported in Table \ref{tab:fitResBplusFit}
and the different systematic uncertainties are shown in Table \ref{tb:systB}.

\begin{table}[!htb]
\centering
\caption{Fitted branching ratios $\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D^{0,*0,**0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})/\Gamma (B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})$ with the corresponding statistical uncertainty.}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
\hline
Branching Ratio   & Fit Results \\
\hline
$\frac{\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D^0 \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})}{\Gamma (B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})}$  &  (21.0 $\pm$ 1.44) \%\\
\hline
$\frac{\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D^{*0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})}{\Gamma (B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})}$  & (61.1 $\pm$ 1.94)\%\\
\hline
$\frac{\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D^{**0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})}{\Gamma (B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})}$ & (17.3 $\pm$ 1.44) \%\\
\hline
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:fitResBplusFit}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!htb]
\centering
\caption{Systematic uncertainties in the measurement of $\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D^{(*,**)0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})/\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})$.}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\hline
 &\multicolumn{3}{c|}{{\scriptsize Systematic uncertainty on $\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D^{(*,**)0}\ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}) /\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})$} } \\
\hline
& $B^- \rightarrow D^0\ell\nu_{\ell}$ & $B^- \rightarrow D^{*0}\ell\nu_{\ell}$ & $B^- \rightarrow D^{**0}\ell\nu_{\ell}$ \\
\hline
Tracking efficiency & 0.009  & 0.008 & 0.004\\
Neutral reconstruction & 0.001 & 0.003 & 0.0009\\
Electron ID & 0.0008  & 0.002 & 0.0007\\
Muon ID & 0.006  & 0.02 & 0.005\\
\hline
Inclusive Reconstruction & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{} \\
\hline
Cascade decay background & 0.01 & 0.01 & 0.01\\
Conversion and Dalitz decay background & 0.001  & 0.004 & 0.001\\
MC statistics and $M_{ES}$ fit & 0.012  & 0.01 & 0.011\\
Cross-feed corrections & 0.001  & 0.002 & 0.004\\
\hline
Exclusive Reconstruction & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{}\\
\hline
Feed-down and feed-up corrections & 0.003  & 0.002 & 0.002\\
MC signal shapes & 0.002 & 0.002 & 0.007\\
$D^{**0}$ track multiplicity & 0.005  & 0.002 & 0.005\\
$M_{ES}$ fit & 0.0007  & 0.004 & 0.003\\
Cross-feed corrections & 0.0003  & 0.0006 & 0.0009\\
\hline
Fit Technique & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{}\\
\hline
Missing mass and lepton momentum PDF & 0.007 & 0.002 & 0.008\\
\hline
Total Systematic Error & 0.021 & 0.027 & 0.021 \\
\hline
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{tb:systB}
\end{table}

No direct measurement of the relative branching ratios  $\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D^{(*,**)0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})
 /\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})$ is present in the literature.
In the absence of any measurement~\cite{pdg} for $B$ semileptonic decays into charm final states $X_c$ other than $D$ meson states, we can assume the relation:

\begin{equation}
\frac{\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D^{(*,**)0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})}
 {\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow X_c \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})}=\frac{\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D^{(*,**)0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})}
 {\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})}
\end{equation}

\noindent which can be used with the current best values~\cite{hfag} for $B^- \rightarrow X \ell \nu_{\ell}$, $b \rightarrow u \ell \nu_{\ell}$ and the branching fractions $B^- \rightarrow D^{(*,**)0} \ell \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ to make a comparison with our results.

The $B^- \rightarrow D^{**0}\ell^-\bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ component is also sensitive to the presence of $B^- \rightarrow D^{(*)}n\pi\ell^-\bar{\nu}_{\ell}$
events in the inclusive sample $B^- \rightarrow D X\ell^-\bar{\nu}_{\ell}$, despite we do not explicitly
introduce in the fit the corresponding PDF. By floating its parameters in the
fit, the D** PDF can model any excess of events in the inclusive sample $B^- \rightarrow D X\ell^-\bar{\nu}_{\ell}$, which can be associated to a small $B^- \rightarrow D^{(*)}n\pi\ell^-\bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ component.

\section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:Summary}

Preliminary results of the relative branching fractions of individual semileptonic $B$ decays have been obtained for the $B^-$ decaying into $D^0 \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$, $D^{*0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ and $D^{**0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$. These measurements are based on a sample of 239 million $\Upsilon(4S) \rightarrow B\bar{B}$ decays collected by the \mbox{\sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A}\hspace{-0.37em} \sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A\hspace{-0.02em}R}}\ experiment at the PEP-II\ asymmetric-energy $B$ factory at SLAC, in events in which one $B$ meson decaying to a hadronic final state is fully reconstructed.
A novel technique, based on a multi-parametric fit to a set of discriminating variables in an inclusive sample of $B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ events, has been used to measure
the relative branching fractions for $B^- \rightarrow D^0, D^{*0}$ and $D^{**0}(D^{(*)} \pi) \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$
decays.
In order to reduce the sensitivity to Monte Carlo modelling, which is especially limited by the poor knowledge of the $B^- \rightarrow D^{**0} (D^{(*)} \pi) \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ decays, the shapes of the discriminating
variables for the $D^0$, $D^{*0}$ and $D^{**0}$ decays are extracted from selected data samples of exclusive decays.

Correcting the statistical errors as discussed in section 5, we obtain:

\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D^0 \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})} {\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})} &=&  0.210 \pm 0.017~(\mbox{stat.})  \pm  0.021~(\mbox{syst.})  \nonumber \\
\frac{\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D^{*0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})} {\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})} &=&  0.611 \pm  0.022~(\mbox{stat.}) \pm 0.027~(\mbox{syst.})  \nonumber \\
\frac{\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D^{**0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})} {\Gamma(B^- \rightarrow D X \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})} &=&  0.173 \pm 0.017~(\mbox{stat.}) \pm 0.021~(\mbox{syst.})  \nonumber \\ \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}

The BELLE result~\cite{Abe:2005up} is consistent with our measurement.
The extension of this technique to the
$\bar{B}^0 \rightarrow D^{(*,**)0} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ decay modes
 will increase the accuracy of the
branching fraction measurements of $B$ semileptonic decay in $D$ meson final states
and will help the understanding of the observed difference between the
rate for the inclusive semileptonic decay
and the sum of the rates for the inclusive modes~\cite{pdg}.
Moreover, an accurate measurement of the $B \rightarrow D^{**}\ell\nu$ branching
fraction, which is made possible by the use of this method,
is important to understand the decay mechanism of this channel, which provides
crucial tests of the Heavy Quark Effective Theory and the QCD Sum
rules~\cite{yaounanc}.

\section{Acknowledgments}
\label{sec:Acknowledgments}

\input acknowledgements

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