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The Microsoft Converter, News Shopping and Tectonic Shifts
Categories: OpenDocument and OOXML
It's been a week now since Microsoft announced its ODF/Office open source converter project — time enough for at least 183 on-line stories to be written, as well as hundreds of blog entries (one expects) and untold numbers of appended comments. Lest all that virtual ink fade silently into obscurity, it seems like a good time to look back and try to figure out What it All Means.
There are two ways to go about that task. One is the "have it your way," news channel technique (simply pick the channel that serves up your daily news just the way you like it, whatever that may be — liberal, conservative or just plain snarky). Nothing better than the Internet for that, where you can go shopping in the great marketplace of interpretation, and willful misinterpretation, that is the Web, and find more than you could imagine. If you do, you won't be disappointed with myriad ways that people have examined the entrails of the converter story to divine (or dictate) wha's up.
For example, there is metaphorical religious conversion theory, from Martin LaMonica:
Redmond has "road to Damascus" open source conversion
And differences of opinion about whether ODF supporters are jumping for joy or expecting the worst:
OpenOffice developers rejoice at Microsoft's OpenDocument Support
ODF guardedly welcomes Microsoft's Office XML move
And, of course, there are plenty of theories about what Microsoft may really be up to. Here's a sampling:
Vaughn-Nichols: Microsoft not telling the whole truth about ODF translators
Pamela Jones: MS: OK. OK, so we'll set up an "OS" project to build an ODF killer. Er, we mean translator
If you want to read just one analysis, though, by all means make it the acute, thorough and balanced report by Redmonk's Steve O'Grady. His thoughts, as always, are a "must read." You can find it, together with links to additional reactions to the announcement, here, and a follow up posting by Steve posted the next day here.
The second way is to go direct to the sources, and make up your own mind. Here's my own take on what led to Microsoft's decision, and what it's likely to mean.
Although I've read many different takes on this story, I'm going to focus today on just one source: Microsoft itself, and more specifically, the July 6 press release, together with a conversation I had with Jason Matusow, Microsoft's Director of Standards Affairs. I don't rank as high in the blogging food chain as Steve O'Grady (he was one of two analysts that Microsoft briefed in advance), but Jason was good enough to call me the morning after the evening the press release was issued, to see if I had any questions.
Let's start with the press release, which is useful for two purposes: the basic facts, and more intriguingly, the messages that Microsoft wants to deliver. Those messages are both specific to the facts at hand, as well as supplemental to a bigger picture, in that every press release provides the issuer with the opportunity to insert another piece into the mosaic that is the public image it wants to create.
Press releases are especially useful for this latter purpose, because they are extensively worked over and reviewed by multiple parties, and therefore are authoritative. Hence, while they are hardly the most objective sources in the world, they are highly indicative of what the issuer wants the market to think. To an extent, they are indicative of the bathwater that the issuer is drinking as well.
As I read the press release, Microsoft wants the following points to sink in regarding its new converter project:
1. The converters (one each, serially, for Word, Excel and PowerPoint) are being developed at the request of government customers.
2. The converters will be created within an open source project, for maximum transparency.
3. OpenXML and ODF were created for two very different purposes, and OpenXML is far superior to ODF. This will unavoidably result in some deficiencies in how well the converters will work.
4. This announcement is further evidence of Microsoft's new commitment to "interoperability by design," a four-pronged approach (only one of which involves an open process — standards).
Here's how I see these messages fitting into the big picture:
1. At the government customer's request: I have heard this phrased by two Microsoft sources as follows: "if even one citizen wants to send a document to a government in ODF form, they have to be able to deal with it." The net desired impression, then, is that the need to accommodate ODF is minimal (so don't take this as an admission that ODF is taking off), but when the customer asks, Microsoft listens.
2. Open source project: Microsoft deserves points on this one. They aren't monkeying around, but are putting the code out front and largely in the hands of others, while still paying the bills. Is it perfect? Of course not. But neither is OpenOffice.org, where Sun pays the bills and supplies most of the programmers to write the code, and largely selects what code will be written. It's only fair to be consistent in how we judge competitors.
3. Different formats: Indeed the two formats were created for two different purposes, and I expect that there will likely be some inabilities for ODF documents to replicate, for example, all 200 Microsoft borders back through 1993. But I assume that there won't be (or at least won't need to be) any such problems in the other direction. The main difference between the two format approaches is that OpenXML is a format standard created to serve a single product line, while ODF was developed to enable the creation of multiple competing products, which is already occurring. Losing a few borders along the way is considered to be a pretty easy tradeoff if your goal is the latter rather than the former, because the anticipated rewards are very different. In fact, there is a place for both standards, and they should not be directly compared to each other any more than, say, a land line and a mobile phone should be directly compared, though you can talk into each of them.
4. Interoperability by design: Microsoft has realized that standards are not going to go away, and that customer demand for standards in general, and interoperability in particular, will rise rather than fall. It has taken a thorough approach to creating a new internal standards structure (interestingly, it has many lawyers, as opposed to just technical and business people, in key positions), and has constructed its four-point program to address that need.
It is important to note, at least to me, that Microsoft calls this program "Interoperability by Design," rather than "Interoperability by Collaboration." The salient difference between these two designations is that only one of the four roads to the interoperability goal (standards) that the program includes involves an open process. The others leave Microsoft in the senior, or at minimum parity, power position in negotiating the means of achieving interoperability — how, and with whom it pleases.
The official way that Microsoft phrases this "commitment to interoperability" can be found in the same press release (as well as in many other press releases, statements and documents), and reads as follows:
Ongoing Commitment to Interoperability
As demonstrated by the recent announcement of the Interoperability Customer Executive Council and the significant industry contributions to the Open XML file formats from leading institutions like the British Library and Apple Computer Inc. at Ecma International, Microsoft is broadening its long-term investments in and attention to interoperability across industries and platforms through such avenues as product design, collaboration agreements with other companies, standards and the effective licensing of its intellectual property. Additional information about Microsoft's customer-focused interoperability commitment, including an open letter titled "A Foundation for the New World of Documents" by Chris Capossela, corporate vice president of the Microsoft Business Division Product Management Group at Microsoft, may be found online at http://www.microsoft.com/interop. (emphasis added)
Jason Matusow and I have debated what this means in several blog posts, the latest one of which is here, and you can read 274 comments on and off topic about the same piece at Slashdot.
Now to my conversation with Jason, which was pretty far ranging and candid. Jason said, and I believe him, that the real motivation behind the conversion project is the need to serve government users, and especially those in countries with strong commitments to use and honor ISO standards (ODF, of course, is now ISO 26300). That's a credible reason, and if converters are going to be built anyway, as they are, Microsoft might as well be seen to be facilitating rather than holding back, and having at least some say in how the process develops.
I also believe that placing the project in an open source venue was a smart move, and an honest effort to be seen as not trying to play games. As Jason said — and who can question the statement — everything that Microsoft does is going to be questioned and attacked, so they decided to initiate the project in a way that would leave as little to question as possible. Of course, one can still poke at different aspects of how things are set up, but that's inevitable, given that certain decisions have to be made, and when they are, they have to come out one way or another, each with intended as well as unavoidable potential implications. The choice of the BSD open source license is a good example of this, and you can find quite a bit of discussion on line about whether this was a good choice or a bad one, and what the motivations might be for so choosing. Jason answers a few questions on this topic in the comment thread at his blog.
On a related note, I asked Jason why there was no mention of the converter project in the May 19, 2006 Microsoft response to the Massachusetts converter RFI, given that the concept had obviously been kicking around for some time. He responded that final plans for the project had only come together in a detailed fashion in recent weeks, and that they did not want to be accused of making a "vapor ware" (my choice of words, not Jason's) announcement that could be suspected as an effort to chill independent development efforts without a real intention of delivering on the promise. Again, that's a reasonable enough explanation, even if other considerations might have been involved as well.
More intriguingly, Jason also noted that a decision like this is still difficult within Microsoft, with some constituencies hewing to the historical, proprietary way of looking at things, while others are arguing for a more adaptive, open approach.
I think that this is accurate as well, and have heard the same observation from various people I know inside Microsoft for the past year, and at each step along the way as Microsoft has loosened up in the ODF saga: first, on licensing terms, then on issuing its covenant not to compete, then on the submission to Ecma, and so on. It is logical to assume that just such a process of cultural shift would be required, that it would be difficult and slow, and that change agents would need real issues in the customer base to point to in order to carry the day.
So my personal take is that we are observing a fairly consistent, significant and, well, fascinating evolution in the strategic thinking of one of the most powerful players in the IT industry. Placing this progression in tectonic terms, there have been some major shifts — earthquakes, if you will — at Microsoft in the past year, such as the organization of the new open standards (and even open source) structures within Microsoft, and the genesis and articulation of the Interoperability by Design public message. We have also seen smaller tremors and aftershocks, of which each concession in the ODF story is an example.
Obviously, there is still much unrelieved tension between the Interoperability by Design message and the real world of technology and customer expectations, both as respects open standards as well as open source software. Perhaps it is as accurate to call the Interoperability by Design program an articulation of an internal "belief system" as it is to see it purely as public marketing message, since I expect that there is passion behind maintaining this halfway house position between a proprietary world and an open environment. Corporate belief systems can be almost as strong as religious convictions, and no conversion is easy or succeeds at a uniform basis at the level of the individual.
Perhaps Martin LaMonica's Road to Damascus metaphor is not so inappropriate after all, although I doubt that the establishment of the open source converter project will prove to have been the particular step in the road at which the revelation was delivered. But some day, I think that the remaining tension between Microsoft and the marketplace will need to be released. Whether that will be through a revelation that well-serves Microsoft and its customers, or through an earthquake (a catastrophic antitrust penalty? The rout of Microsoft products by Linux/FireFox/ODF and more challengers to come?) remains to be seen.
It will be fascinating to see whether the transition from Bill Gates to Ray Ozzie in the master architect's chair will prove to be an opportunity to provide a smooth and easy release of this tectonic tension, or a ratification of the ancien regime that sets up the catastrophe.
Note: Joab Jackson at GCN.com just sent me this link to a Q&A of his own with Jason, in which Jason responds to some issues raised by David Berlind and Simon Phipps.
For further blog entries on ODF, click here
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Anonymous on 11/19/2019 at 6:55 pm said:
"In fact, there is a place for both standards, and
they should not be directly compared to each other any more than, say,
a land line and a mobile phone should be directly compared, though you
can talk into each of them."
I beg to differ. Two standards for the same purpose is not only bad, but ultimately dangerous. ODF is Free & free, I can't say the same about MS Open XML. ODF has no patents, I am not sure about MS Open XML. We have no guarantee that MS, some time in the future, will not change its standard and change its licensing terms along with it.
I thought you are FOSS supporter. After reading this article, I have doubts.
MS has to understand that the good old ways and means that got them to be the big monopoly is no longer going to work. This article is trying to justify some of their shenanigans and present MS as being a cooperative monopoly, far from it. Leopards don't change their spots and MS is like a poisonous snake; you shouldn't play with and the only way you are safe from is to kill it.
Well – let me clarify a few things.
First, is OpenXML "a standard?" (we'll come back later to whether it's a "good standard," which is a different question, upon which I've written tens of thousands of words at this blog, all of which add up to "no").
Yes, it is likely to become entitled to be called a standard, if Ecma approves it, and even more so if ISO approves it, the same way any type of car is "road worthy" if it meets all safety, emission and other tests. It doesn't mean you have to like that car, but it has met the requirements that are established to allow you to drive it on public roads.
Second, yes, Microsoft has at least one patent it claims would be infringed by an implementation of OpenXML, and it has given a "covenant not to assert" that is pretty comparable to the one Sun gave regarding ODF with respect to its patents and OpenXML. You can read more on that if you go back to my blog entries of last fall.
Can it withdraw the standard? No, not once it's made it's commitments to Ecma. Can it still play some games? Absolutely, just like any other owner of a patent that relates to any other standard where they can claim infringement, and in other ways as well, since they control Office.
My main point is different – OpenXML really isn't a "format standard" at all in the same sense that OpenXML is, so it's silly to compare them. There's never going to be a knock off of Office built to OpenXML, but OpenXML will make it easier for the myriad people that already develop tools, products, etc. for the Microsoft environment. I'd assume that those folks will be happier with OpenXML existing as a standard than they would be if it didn't, as will Microsoft customers.
I could go on in greater detail, but that's where I was headed.
Standards that compete are only bad for the proponent of the loosing standard. I though the backers of FOSS wanted choice. Or does this only work when choice works against proprietary software?
I think the concern is this:
HTML was a well defined standard, but this did not stop MS trying to break that standard in many respects. Any implementation of OpenXML is going to be defined only by interoperability with MS Office, in the same way that MS continued to talk about "de facto" standards defined by IE compatibility.
Historically, MS has *always* used file formats as a tool to exclude competitors. People are therefore concerned that this will happen in future. The fact that lawyers are in many important positions merely deepens this, as it implies that the departments are going to need advice on antitrust concerns – something which we do not really associate with open standards.
Do you disagree with this?
Why "anti-trust"? If there is a "covenant not to sue" and the Standard will be in the hands of ECMA?
Microsoft's covenants not to sue do not cover "enabling technologies which may be required to implement the technology". What exactly does that mean? OpenXML uses Microsoft's Open Packing Conventions which is also covered by patents, but I have seen no covenant not to sue concerning them. Would they be considered an "enabling technology"?
What makes you think that ODF is going to lose? It is not a matter of win or lose, it is a matter of MS flexing its monopoly muscle and throw its weight to discredit FOSS.
Both ODF & OpenXML are XML based, so they can be merged at any time. The only problem is when there are controdictory specifiactions. So the question is, if it had good intentions, why doesn't MS join OASIS to contribute and influence the improvement of ODF? Why did they have to start from scratch? I guess there is something up their sleves.
"I though the backers of FOSS wanted choice."
Of course we do. Not only want it, but strongly encouraged. But in this case we are talking about a standard not software applications. You can have as many app. using the same standard and still safe from lock-in or being depended on one vendor who controls the standard. Assume OpenXML is for free, could any FOSS organization comment and improve the standard? The way it is now OpenMXL is controlled by MS, It hasn't been made clear by MS whether they will allow enhancnements or modification by other groups. On the other hand, ODF is open to all kinds of change as long as they are apporved by OASIS members.
Let's not be naive, the track record of MS doesn't give any assurance or confort to tust them.
The big quetion remians "why did MS leave OASIS and refuse to cooperate with FOSS"? I guess we all know why, don't we?
The key issue is that OpenXML isn't much different thatn their current DOC format, which has already has multiple open and proprietary implementations.
OpenXML 1.0 might be open, but there's no reason to expect that OpenXML 1.1 will be or that it will be even remotely backwards compatible any more than you can expect the DOC format to be. Essentially, OpenXML's openness is an illusion that may disappear within a single service pack that upgrades MS Office "to fix a critical security errror" or to conform to "Microsoft Genuine Advantage".
With ODF 1.0, OTOH, the standard is fixed. If Microsoft conforms with it in the current version and doesn't in the next, Microsoft is at fault and cannot claim ODF compatibility any more. If ODF 1.0 is upgraded, the new standard will be documented (in a forward and backwards compatible way if at all possible) and Microsoft can choose to support ODF 1.1 as well or not, but that support will be unambigious.
The current DOC format has been reverse engineered and incorporated into most competitors products and there is a covenant not to sue in place. Second if ECMA will administrate the OpenXML format and MS has only 1 vote in ECMA why would MS stray from OpenXML? What would there be to gain?
> The current DOC format has been reverse engineered and incorporated
into most competitors products and there is a covenant not to sue in
Precisely. There's no advantage or OpenXML, and two disadvantages: the illusion of extra openness and incompatibility with previous versions of MS Office.
> why would MS stray from OpenXML? What would there
be to gain?
They'd gain a competitive advantage over any other conforming implementation because they can support the OpenXML and Microsoft OpenXML format. They only need the OpenXML format in place to get their foot in the door to any organization that thinks OpenXML is a standard. Once they're in, the inertia of that decision will keep OpenXML in place, so changing is relatively low risk. If people start to balk, no problem, promise to release OpenXML 1.1 to the standardization process over the course of a year or two.
For me, the charter of the ECMA technical committee is a source of concern. It says that ECMA OpenXML is supposed to be fully compatible with the format used by Microsoft Office. Unless they change the charter, they are bound to follow whatever Microsoft changes Microsoft puts into Office. Who controls Office?
I agree with some of your points but disagree with the co-existence
of two standard, not when one is fully open while the other is
controlled by a monopoly.
MS has a long history and we
shouldn't forget it.
They took Kerberos, extended it and kept it
closed from everyone else. It wasn't illegal but wasn't ethical
either.
They rejected the Internet until they realized it was not
in their best interest.
They rejected TCP/IP and developed their
own NetBios protocol. They had to abandon it after realizing they
will be left out of the Internet protocol.
They took W3C HTML
standard and extended it and never supported the W3C standard until
recently with IE 7 and only because they started to realize they are
losing their clout and after they created the browser incompatibly
mess we have suffered form for so long.
They took Java/Script and
corrupted the whole standard. If it wasn't for Sun suing, we would
have had a bigger mess. They created .Net framework which is mostly
Java to bring in very modest improvements over Java.
doing the same thing with ODF. They tried to discredit it but
couldn't. They tried containing it but they failed. they tried
deception with XML shell around binary format, they were exposed. Now
they are trying to sabotage it by creating their own implementation
of standard XML format.
MS has been touting inter-oprebability
with FOSS lately. If they were truthful about it, why didn't they
stay with OASIS? They could have submitted their enhancements and
requirements for approval but instead, they elected to take their
ball to play their own game. It could have been much less costly to
them than creating their on standard. It would have been received as
a good gesture by the industry instead of being outcasted.
in previous experiences, MS has an agenda up their sleeves. They know
they are going to lose their monopoly eventually but they are not
going to give up easily. MS will play their game and FOSS is not
going to join them. MS doesn't play fair and we couldn't blame them. MS
is a corporation that abused its monopoly and it is time for it to
pay for their illegal behavior.
Historically, MS has *always* used file formats as a tool to exclude competitors. People are therefore concerned that this will happen in future. The fact that lawyers are in many important positions merely deepens this, as it implies that the departments are going to need advice on antitrust concerns – something which we do not really associate with open standards, more with the same old Embrace, Extend, Extinguish.
Sorry not to respond to this earlier.
I think that it's very significant that lawyers are closely involved (hence the mention). I don't think that it's primarily antitrust concerns that are involved, though, for several reasons.
First, those that I personally know and have met are not antitrust lawyers. So if that was the primary concern, you'd choose them differently. Second, I'm sure that Microsoft has a dedicated antitrust team, although it would certainly make sense to have at least one good antitrust attorney on the standards team. And finally, there are many more day to day patent, copyright and licensing issues that come up upon which critical decisions must be made. Antitrust issues are _big_ issues, and tend to involve either major, egregius actions, conspiracies, or ongoing courses of conduct, and, I think, would originate as a result of decisions made outside of the standards department.
I am not sure when competition came to be seen as a bad thing.
Two competing standards are fine. If one is dramatically inferior
to the other, the inferior one will lose. (Of course, if it is
only somewhat inferior, other factors may contribute to a success)
Having now spent a good bit of time "under the covers" of Open Document
Format, I can assure you it has some definite flaws. With effort
and luck, these can be corrected, but it is not so amazingly well
designed that it couldn't stand the heat of a bit of competition.
Unfortunately, I am not sure that it will get any real competition,
because OpenXML is so specifically designed, nobody but Microsoft will
follow it (except for add-ons for MS Word and such, where it will be
handy to have a more open design). So, we are going to have to
fix ODF without the benefit of much competition, I'm afraid.
That GCN Q & A settles nothing for me, Andy. Jason avoids commenting on why the plug-in is a separate menu item and doesn't just add another file type to all the open, save & defaults dialogs like the ODF Foundation plug-in does.
I disagree with Vaughn-Nichols on one point. He says that the translator is going to be a plug-in, and that most users will never bother to install it. However, the main group the translator is aimed at is government organizations, and they all have IT people who can do the installation.
I think the ISO standard for OpenDocument format is ISO 26300, not ISO 23600.
Right you are, and thanks for noting my slip. I've corrected it now.
Microsoft Falls Back Again: Announces ODF Plugin Project Next Article
Live'n the WiFi LifeStyle: the iPod Bows to the Router


At Kandinsky College we want to create an inviting environment where children feel secure and we work very hard to achieve this. Yet when many people collaborate there is always a possibility that something can go wrong. This is usually solved by talking to one another and sometimes it is necessary for a pupils' coach or a school counsellor to also become involved.
On the rare occasion that this may fail, parents, pupils and also staff members have the right to make a complaint. In this case the school employs a complaint procedure. The school is affiliated with a regional school complaint commission to ensure that a complaint is taken seriously and when lodged can be done so in confidence. This commission will investigate whether a complaint is justified, report it to the school committee, and give appropriate advice on how to take action.
The complaints commission is not an official appeals bureau and has no power to, for example, influence a teacher's assessment of a pupil or to reverse a promotion decision taken during a teachers' meeting.
In the event of sexual misconduct, committed by a pupil or member of staff against a minor, members of staff are required to immediately report this to the school committee. The school committee will then consult with the Grievance Officer who will decide whether to report the incident to the police or Ministry of Justice.
Below you can find documents regarding the complaints procedure and also a complaints form of SGRvN (Schools Group Nijmegen) and the regulations of the regional complants commission and the graduation appeals committee.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Tom Schwab is an experienced entrepreneur, writer, and speaker. He started in the medical sales industry and eventually became a medical distribution entrepreneur. He still owns one of the largest distribution companies of crutches in the US. But he also realized he had a passion for empowering entrepreneurs, solopreneuers and small business owners. He helps them to easily understand and use digital tools to build a scalable automated sales and marketing machines. He built an inbound marketing agency focused on working with high potential entrepreneurs and small business owners to take them beyond just an efficient transaction to become a profitable lifetime brand. Tom gives them the automated machine that empowers them to turn content into cash. Today, we discuss his great success using podcast interviews and marketing to drive sales. Learn about webinars here, see the 6 steps info graphic here, and see his classes here.
Alec Karys started as a software engineer, eventually working at mid-size to large corporations, but realized he really enjoyed working at smaller companies in an entrepreneurial setting. He served as the Chief Technology Officer at mShopper , and at Amazon.com, he served as a Senior Software Manager, responsible for all technical aspects of the Amazon Affiliates Program. He has been supporting entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial organizations for the last fifteen years, as a mentor and as an angel investor. Alec serves as a Mentor at MassChallenge, a Boston based start-up accelerator, and as a Mentor at MIT EF, an Athens based start-up accelerator. Alec was a Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer at Synapse Ventures Group. He has two issued patents in medical protocol authoring and delivery, and one issued patent in mobile commerce. Alec holds M.B.A. and B.E.T . degrees from Northeastern University and attended the Stanford University Engineering Executive Program.


Ever Wondered How Kittens And Cats Would React To Viral Cat Videos?
A video featuring cats watching videos is my new favorite video! It'll be yours too. Trust me. Cat videos are so addictive, aren't they? It's no wonder cats don't watch more of them. I tried to get my cat to watch this one but she was too busy grooming herself. Typical. Vanity before fun, oh well. Which cat in this video is your favorite? My favorite is Edgar Allen Purr. It's the name. I just can't help it! I wonder if he has a thing for ravens.
And what's almost as much fun as a cat video??? CAT JOKES! Your kids and coworkers will love these!
What do you call a cat who wears makeup?
What kind of sports car does a cat like to drive?


Tampa Home Pro brings life to outdated or damaged homes and modifies or repairs current construction with a keen eye for detail at a reasonable price.
Using Tampa Home Pro to remodel brings experience and a wealth of knowledge, increased access to desirable building materials, and relieves the stress of do-it-yourself projects.
Renovations or repairs are a serious business, so contact Chris and his expert team of builders at Tampa Home Pro for a free estimate to modify your home.


Access abstracts and bibliographic details for papers produced under the EQC research programme; and download or order copies.
Model results indicate that magma can rise from the mantle in as little as one month to a few weeks, after protracted periods of deep storage of months to years.
This research involves the conception and implementation of a series of experiments to provide quantitative data relating ash characteristics to road transport impact types.
Investigation of the hazard caused by rocks and lava flung from volcanoes (ballistics) by mapping and modelling their distribution.
Combining current understanding of Taupo's eruptive record with one of the most advanced ash dispersal models - Ash3d, to build a better understanding of which areas of New Zealand would experience ashfall across a range of eruption sizes and wind conditions.
This research investigated whether magmas temporarily "stall" in the crust before eruption. If so, it may be easier to detect signals that point to volcanic unrest looming.
Illumination of volcano architecture is shown to provide a richer, quantitative context, to better interpret volcanic unrest. Traditional geophysical methods, ground deformation data and state of the art mathematical modelling techniques create a powerful and effective toolbox for the 21st century volcanologist.
This research details the first and longest episode of multiple small explosions within a mud-sulphur pool in 2013 at White Island volcano, New Zealand.
Auckland is built on the Auckland Volcanic Field (AVF), which will almost certainly erupt again. Unfortunately, the location, timing, or size of the next eruption are unknown. This project set up the framework for understanding and evaluating risk resulting from such a complex and challenging situation.
Many of these research papers have PDF downloads available on the site.
If you'd like to access a paper that doesn't have a download, use the research paper request form to ask for a copy.


text:
A Little Deception
Eikli
https://amazon.com/dp/B009HKKCKM?tag=intama-20
Rose Chesterfield bears the weight of rescuing the family name and plantation in the West Indies. Her irresponsible sister-in-law Helena has risked the entire plantation by incurring a debt to Viscount Rampton, one of London's most unscrupulous bachelors. Disguising herself as Helena, Rose prays her wits will keep her from succumbing to the eligible Rampton's charms.
Rampton is determined to have Rose for his own. When a series of jewel thefts begin to implicate her he discovers he has been fooled not once but twice and his faith in her begins to deteriorate. Rose is further marred by an enemy who seeks to destroy her happiness. Will her love be proof enough to make Rampton believe her innocence?
Although it is slow to start, the plot does begin to thicken with an incredible amount of twists and turns from the devious mind of Helena. She is very cunning and malicious and takes this story from the level of being a delightful romance to a mystery, intertwined with crime and revenge. Rose and Rampton are missing that connection early on. There is a strong amount of desire that is felt by the reader, however the growing love between them does not have enough of a spark to ignite the flame. There is a lot of bickering throughout with various characters as well, that tends to drag the story somewhat. This is certainly a historical romance with an edge and a departure from the mundane!
Margaret Fario


CASE NAME: Nova Tool & Mold Inc. v. London Industries Inc.
In the lower court's opinion, the only mention of the CISG is in the court's reference to specified provisions of the CISG on which the buyer relied. That opinion, which cites only Canadian domestic case law and doctrine, contains no other mention of the CISG. This appellate opinion is to the same effect.


text:
21 Jan — 6 May 2018 at the Cleveland Museum of Art in Cleveland, United States
Brett Weston. Courtesy of Cleveland Museum of Art
"Nature is a great artist. The greatest," said photographer Brett Weston, who made it his primary subject matter. Drawn from the museum's collection, this exhibition surveys four decades of his work and debuts more than 40 photographs from the Brett Weston Archive donated to the museum in 2017 by collector Christian Keesee.
Wherever Weston photographed—California, Hawaii, Mexico, or Europe—his way of seeing remained constant, and the resulting images hovered between abstraction and representation. "It seems to me," this usually laconic man wrote, "that this powerful duality, this combination of the abstract, in the emphasis upon form, and the sense of presence, in the rendering of light and substance, is something only photography can do." From the 1920s through the 1950s, Weston was a photographer's photographer, admired for his formalist inventiveness and technical virtuosity, but little known outside the then insular field. Among those he influenced was his father, the eminent photographer Edward Weston. Although still anchored in representation, Brett moved even as a young artist toward boldly graphic, rhythmic compositions that verged on the abstract. His experimental vigor linked him to avant-garde practitioners in Europe and America.
In the 1960s and 1970s, as fine art photography entered the mainstream art world and captured popular imagination, Weston finally gained fame and fortune. His were the lyrical yet formally adventurous nature photographs emulated by thousands of amateurs and professionals. His was the vision that helped shape how many of us see the natural world.
The Cleveland Museum of Art offers dynamic experiences that illuminate the power and enduring relevance of art in today's global society. The museum builds, preserves, studies, and shares its outstanding collections of art from all periods and parts of the world, generating new scholarship and understanding, while serving as a social and intellectual hub for its community.
Museum profile
Cleveland, United States
More from Cleveland Museum of Art
20 Dec 2020 — 28 Mar 2021
Gustave Baumann
22 Aug 2020 — 10 Jan 2021
2 Aug 2019 — 1 Dec 2020
18 Jul — 29 Nov 2020
More in United States
Hunt Slonem
22 Jan — 21 Feb 2021 at New River Fine Art in Fort Lauderdale
Martin Kline: Allover
23 Jan — 6 Mar 2021 at Heather Gaudio Fine Art in New Canaan
Jamie Wyeth
28 Aug 2021 — 9 Jan 2022 at Brandywine River Museum of Art in Chadds Ford
16 Jan — 6 Feb 2021 at Hashimoto Contemporary in New York


Real handsfree experience with the V8 1200M Bluetooth Intercom Motorcycle Helmet Interphone. The Handsfree device features a Bluetooth Headset, NFC, Remote Control, Full Duplex Intercom and FM Radio Including One Mask for added protection.
Protect yourself while being connected on the road with professional intercom helmet interphone.


text:
Liverpool FC told to make these signings in the January transfer window
Emile Heskey discusses the players Liverpool FC could try and sign in the January transfer window
By The Sport Review
Thursday 26 October 2017, 00:00 UK
Liverpool boss Jurgen Klopp Photo: New Balance
Emile Heskey believes that Liverpool need to make some defensive acquisitions in the January transfer window.
The Reds' defensive performances have been firmly in the spotlight in recent weeks following their stuttering start to the new season under Jurgen Klopp.
Liverpool suffered a humiliating 4-1 loss to Tottenham Hotspur at Wembley last weekend as their top four hopes took another blow.
Klopp's side are now 12 points behind leaders Manchester City after just nine games and they face an uphill task in clawing their way back into the title race.
Liverpool were heavily linked with a bid to sign defender Virgil van Dijk from Southampton over the summer but a move failed to materialise.
And Heskey reckons that it is the Reds' back four which is in need of strengthening.
Speaking to 888sport, Heskey said: "It goes without saying that defensively they're not as sound as they could be.
"I don't know if it's personnel or if it's not fully understanding the shape of their defending. When you look at the old Arsenal sides they would devote whole training sessions to their defensive shape.
"Everyone says it is personnel but only time will tell when they get someone else in and if it stays the same."
Liverpool, who finished fourth last season, will aim to get back to winning ways next weekend when they take on Huddersfield Town at Anfield.
The Terriers head into the game fresh from having secured a shock 2-1 victory over Manchester United last weekend.
Klopp was brought in as Liverpool's new manager back in October 2015 following the sacking of Brendan Rodgers at Anfield.
Read the full 888sport interview with Emile Heskey, including his thoughts on how Liverpool's current front three compare to the Suarez era.
Emile Heskey predicts where Liverpool FC will finish this season
Conte reacts to Drinkwater's display in Chelsea's 2-1 win over Everton


text:
Q: IF para verificar quantidade necessária para determinado KG Preciso fazer um IF em Javascript. Vou explicar:
Um cliente vende:

*

*Barricas de 40kg.

*Bisnaga de 3kg.

Não estou sabendo fazer esse IF. A ideia é, mostrar no campo qtd40kg Somente multiplos de 40, que é o peso, ou seja:
Se eu preciso de 40k no campo mostra 1, 80kg mostra 2, 120kg mostra 3, isso porque são multiplos de 40.
Agora no campo qtd3kg é um pouco diferente, ele é múltiplos de 3kg que ira preencher o intervalo entre qtd40kg.
Link https://jsfiddle.net/2w84ec18/
Ex:
qtd40kg
40kg  -> qtd40kg = 1un;
80kg  -> qtd40kg = 2un;
120kg -> qtd40kg = 3un;
160kg -> qtd40kg = 4un;
.
.
.
Até 1.000kg

qtd3kg
0kg -> qtd3kg = 0un;
3kg -> qtd3kg = 1un;
3kg -> qtd3kg = 1un;
9kg -> qtd3kg = 2un;
.
.
.
Até 30kg, depois ele irá fazer assim:

Vamos supor que:
peso = 43;
Então ``qtd40kg = 1`` e ``qtd3kg = 1``.

peso = 46;
Então ``qtd40kg = 1`` e ``qtd3kg = 2``.

peso = 49;
Então ``qtd40kg = 1`` e ``qtd3kg = 3``.

peso = 126;
Então ``qtd40kg = 3`` e ``qtd3kg = 2``.

Link https://jsfiddle.net/2w84ec18/
Alguém consegue me ajudar? Esse é um nível muito alto para mim.
Agradeço qualquer ajuda.

A: Creio que assim fica bem simples, pode testar aqui mesmo funcionando:

function calc() {
  var peso = document.getElementById( 'peso' ).value;
  var b40  = Math.floor( peso / 40 );
  var b3   = Math.ceil( ( peso - b40 * 40 ) / 3 );

  document.getElementById( 'qtd40kg' ).value = b40;
  document.getElementById( 'qtd3kg'  ).value = b3;
}
Peso:

<input type="number" id="peso">

QTD Barricas de 40kg:

  <input type="number" id="qtd40kg">

QTD bisnagas de 3kg:

  <input type="number" id="qtd3kg">

<input type="button" id="calcular" value="Calcular" onclick="calc();">

A: Uma opção com Jquery:

var barricas = $('#qtd40kg');
var bisnagas = $('#qtd3kg');

$('#peso').on('input', function(){
var pesoTotal = $(this).val();
var x = Math.floor(pesoTotal%40);
var y = x/3;
barricas.val(Math.floor(pesoTotal/40))
bisnagas.val(Math.floor(y))
})

Peso:

  <input type="number" id="peso">

QTD Barricas de 40kg:

  <input type="number" id="qtd40kg">

QTD bisnagas de 3kg:

  <input type="number" id="qtd3kg">

<input type="button" id="calcular" value="Calcular">

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Many daily situations could suddenly cause a burn.
Severe burns, often classified as third-degree or advanced second-degree (IIb) burns, can happen under dramatic circumstances that radically upset us while calling for immediate action. After the victim's initial ride to the local emergency department, doctors and other medical personnel must make a number of decisions quickly that will ease pain, reduce the possibilities of scarring, balance the levels of fluids in the body, and prevent infections. If the burns are serious enough, it must also be determined whether the patient should be sent to a specialized burn care center. Usually this is done within the first 24 hours.
What Can Go Wrong After a Severe Burn?
Third degree burns are marked by injury to all layers of the skin, meaning the epidermis (top layer), dermis, and underlying tissue, which may also mean damage to muscles. Advanced second degree burns injure more than the outer layer of skin as well.
Our skin is primarily meant to be a barrier against infectious agents. When the barrier is broken down or no longer exists, pathogens of many kinds can enter the body and wreak havoc. Infections are a common complication of serious burns. If an infection becomes established, septicemia (blood poisoning) and septic shock are real possibilities because pathogens may enter the bloodstream. Both septicemia and septic shock can lead to multiple-organ failure and, eventually, death.
Hypovolemia (low blood volume) and fluid loss. When a burn injures blood vessels, it can cause fluid loss and mean a lowered amount of blood in the body. A lack of sufficient bodily fluids and blood volume can create an electrolyte imbalance (levels of elements such as potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sodium) that lead to heart irregularities and hypovolemic shock. Managing fluid volumes and electrolytes are critical to burn care.
Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). With severe burns that are classified as third degree, burn victims often need to remain bedridden. Extended periods of bed rest can increase the risk of blood clots because blood collects in veins due to the lack of bodily mobility. Both DVT, which often occurs in leg veins, and pulmonary embolisms (clots in the lungs that often arise from DVT clots that travel through the body) are risks arising from the lack of mobility. Pulmonary embolisms in particular can kill. Treatments to prevent clots include blood thinners and compression devices placed on the limbs to keep blood moving.
Compartment syndrome. A bodily compartment is an enclosed space containing nerves, blood vessels, and muscles, surrounded by a layer of tissue called fascia.
Fascia does not stretch, so if pressure increases inside the compartment (perhaps from swelling and other fluid problems), the nerves, blood vessels, and muscles inside the compartment may become compressed. Such compression can mean a lack of oxygen due to decreased blood flow, damaging muscles and nerves. Compartment syndrome occurs most often in forearms and lower legs. It is a medical emergency with immediate surgery required.
Breathing problems. If the burn situation involved breathing smoke, hot air, or caustic chemicals, damage to the lungs and airways can result in respiratory failure.
Critically low body temperature (hypothermia). If a large portion of skin is damaged, the body loses heat because our skin helps control our body's temperature. If hypothermia is serious enough and lasts for an extended period of time, death can be the result.
Seizures are a secondary result of the following problems: low levels of oxygen in the blood, electrolyte imbalances, and the accumulation of toxins in the body, especially from septicemia and septic shock.
Psychological problems and PTSD. A serious burn can be emotionally devastating as well as physically difficult. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can arise from memories of the burn experience and the pain. Anxiety and depression resulting from scarring and disfigurement can also occur. Psychological therapy is usually needed alongside physical therapy to bring a person back to wholeness after a severe burn.
Moving the patient to a burn care center is essential for serious burns because such care centers have the knowledge and capabilities to best prevent complications from arising.
Patients with multiple traumatic injuries along with burns.
If you or someone you care about experiences more than a first-degree burn—meaning something more than mildly reddened skin—seek medical attention immediately, especially if the face, hands, feet, breasts, or genital areas are injured or if a large area of the body is burned. If you have any doubt about the burn's severity, it is better to visit your doctor or local emergency department as soon as possible rather than second-guess the situation. Time is of the essence when preventing burn complications.
If someone else's negligence caused or contributed to the situation which made you suffer a burn injury, they and not you should have to bear the costs associated with your treatment and recovery. This could include both economic and non-economic damages. "Economic damages" are things such as past and future medical bills; the cost of rehabilitation; assistive devices and prostheses; and lost wages. Typical "non-economic" damages are compensation for pain and suffering, and for mental anguish resulting from the injury.
Let our Indianapolis severe burn injuries lawyers fight for you. The experience of Mike Stephenson and the resources of McNeely Stephenson can be your means of achieving justice when you are the victim of someone's negligence or recklessness. Call 1-317-825-5200 or use our contact form for a free evaluation of your claim.


House Bill 494, relating to Coakley Landfill, will come to the House floor this week. The bill, as introduced, is a version that was amended in the Senate last session after passing the House floor, 207-118. Clearly, the House vote indicated a strong position that action is needed here. Please vote against the committee amendment, which removes the imminent hazard declaration, and pass the bill as introduced.
The EPA has not acted to prevent the flow of toxins from this site. This bill would compel the N.H. Department of Environmental Services to act within the power reserved in the consent decree, to force the polluters to stop the flow of toxins down off the Superfund dump that threatens the drinking water of five Seacoast towns.
The toxins are also contaminating surface water bodies with some of the highest levels ever found anywhere of PFNA, one of the perfluorinated chemicals. Children play in the brooks, people fish in these brooks and we know that brooks contribute to drinking water in New Hampshire.
Since last the House voted on this bill, two private water supplies were shut down due to toxins in their water, which include a residence and Breakfast Hill Golf Club in Greenland. The NHDES stated unequivocally that the contamination was the fault of the Coakley Landfill Group and ordered the group to provide bottled water to both and install a permanent water treatment system at both locations due to the detection of 1,4-dioxane above the new drinking water standard. Right now, people are drinking water from their private wells in Greenland and Rye and North Hampton that other states, specifically New Jersey and Vermont, would say they should not.
Three residents of Greenland have serious health issues and the exposure from drinking water cannot be ruled out as a source. In addition, we learned that an adult who lived near the Coakley dump died at the age of 42 from the same rare cancer that our children died from in the pediatric cancer cluster. This is very rare. Hundreds of private wells and municipal water systems that serve three towns are at risk. Property values have already been impacted by this issue.
Please pass the bill as originally introduced to end the decades-long flow of toxins into our neighborhoods and water supplies of the Seacoast.
■We have a double pediatric cancer cluster and about three times the expected rate of brain and CNS cancers in our children in the Seacoast.
■New Hampshire has the highest rates of pediatric, breast, bladder and esophageal cancer in the country.
■A recent study conducted by NIH showed that women exposed to environmental toxins have a 15 percent higher rate of getting breast cancer due to epigenetic changes.
■Experts say that at least 50 percent of cancers can be prevented by lowering exposure to environmental toxins.
■The bill asks NHDES to do so within the powers authorized within the consent decree.
■Two private water sources have already been affected by high levels of 1,4-dioxane and Coakley Landfill Group had to install filters. NHDES said it's Coakley Landfill Group's problem.
■Other toxins, perfluorinated chemicals "PFAS," have also been found on neighboring properties, as reported by USEPA.


The Diamond Moon, a novel by Paul Preuss based on Arthur C. Clarke's 1953 novelette, Jupiter Five.
Volume 5 of Arthur C. Clarke's Venus Prime.
The image opposite and the blurb below are from the first printing of the 2001 ibooks paperback edition, ISBN 0743434722. Cover illustration by Jim Burns.
The fifth volume in a series of science fiction thrillers evolving from the works of Arthur C. Clarke, grandmaster of science fiction and author of 2001: A Space Odyssey.
Her code name is Sparta. Her beauty veils a mysterious past and abilities of superhuman dimension - the product of advanced biotechnology.
Much excitement has arisen throughout the galaxy over the exploration mission to Jupiter's moon, Amalthea. Led by the renowned Professor J.Q.R. Forster, the dangerous expedition will lead its members to the surface of this strange moon - and beyond. It is Sparta's mission to monitor the trip on the part of the Board of Space Control.
Her task becomes more threatening when Sir Randolph Mays, Forster's rival and nemesis, "accidentally" crash-lands on Amalthea's surface. Far from innocent, Mays has a plan for laying claim to Forster's discoveries, and only Sparta is able to prevent sabotage. But what is Mays really after? And how will they all react to the discovery of an alien life-form . . . ?
This breathtaking adventure brings together the genius of Arthur C. Clarke and the talents of distinguished science fiction writer Paul Preuss.


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Click here if you would like to get a quote for Home Design in Colorado Springs, Colorado or any other home improvement or contractor services.


text:
La nasal velar es un tipo de consonante usado en muchos idiomas orales. El símbolo en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional que representa este sonido es , y el símbolo X-SAMPA equivalente es N. El símbolo AFI es una letra n minúscula con una cola que apunta a la izquierda y sale del pie derecho. Tanto el símbolo como el sonido son comúnmente llamados "eng" o "engma" y a veces, en referencia al griego, "angma". (El símbolo  no debe ser confundido con , el símbolo de la nasal retrofleja; ni con , el símbolo de la nasal palatal.)

Características

Características de la nasal velar:
 Su punto de articulación es velar, lo que significa que es articulada con la parte posterior (dorso) de la lengua contra el paladar blando (el velo).
 Su tipo de fonación es sonora, lo que significa que las cuerdas vocales vibran durante la articulación.
 Es una consonante nasal, lo que significa que el aire escapa a través de la nariz.
 Es una consonante central, lo que significa que es producida permitiendo al aire fluir por encima de la lengua, en vez de por los lados.
 La iniciación es egresiva pulmónica, como en la mayoría de sonidos, lo que significa que es articulada empujando el aire con los pulmones a través del tracto vocal, en vez de mover el aire con la glotis o la propia boca.

Variantes

En español
En idioma español es un alófono de /n/ (cuyo alófono más frecuente es la nasal alveolar [n]) que aparece ante las consonantes oclusivas velares /k/ y /g/, como en las palabras "anca" ['aŋ.ka] y "tango" ['taŋ.go], y ante la consonante fricativa velar sorda /x/, como en la palabra "angina" [aŋ'xi.na]. En algunos dialectos, como el español peruano ribereño o la variedad del castellano de Galicia también aparece en final de palabra: "razón" ([ra'soŋ] en la variedad peruana ribereña, [ra'θoŋ] o [ra'soŋ] en la variedad gallega). Finalmente, algunos hablantes de castellano chilote la conservan como un fonema independiente en préstamos del mapudungun y en esos casos se escribe ng, gn o g con un punto abajo, como por ejemplo, en "ngeregüe" [ŋe'ɾe.ɰwe].

Referencias

Consonantes velares
Velar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Klara von Veegh has studied film in Denmark and Austria. She directed several music videos and short films. Veegh will continue working with Peter Brunner as his creative assistant on his next feature film We Are Sisyphos. She is also a painter and owner of the music label 'Little Night Music'.


Did you know that 99% of web design companies don't know how to create online sites that actually market your products or services?
Successful entrepreneurs value all the real-world experience they can get. Where do they get it? By surrounding themselves with a team of experts, who can provide the knowledge, guidance and successful experience for a wide variety of businesses.
It is all about driving people to your website. This is more than "being found" for the right search terms. This is about having a comprehensive strategy that links your offline and online marketing together to create leverage for your business and to get maximum results.


Art is born in attention onto details, Like the excruciatingly beautiful curve of a lost lover's neck. Art may seem to involve broad strokes, grand schemes, great planes. But it is the attention of details that stays with us; the singular image is what haunts us and becomes art.
Thru the combination of Direct Painting and the use of a Grisaille technique I combined the traditional, with modern.
Grisalle is a monochrome technique which was first practiced by Flemish artists in the early 15th century. Grisaille utilizes various shades of gray and gray washes resulting in creating images which give the illusion of sculpture.
Direct Painting is a method of painting used to make paintings in a single application. This is an opaque painting technique used by the Impressionists in their early work, the Fauves and the Abstract Expressionists. Direct painting relies on more planning because artists must consider form and color simultaneously. The great difficulty and challenge of pure direct painting is that the painter must be able to deal with all the problems of the picture at the same moment.
I begin a painting with an idea, an image or concept, starting w/ the details and then sit back as the painting comes to live. I'll start a painting and take it as far as it wants to go. Stopping often and staring at the canvas, for hours or days, visualizing all the possibilities. All the different directions or stories it wants to tell. Sometimes it goes fast and easy, and sometimes I have to start all over again.
The Guitar series was influenced by the songs my father played when I was young.


text:
International Musicians Create Harmony Through Music Program
bykazakhstannewsgazette.com	July 22, 2018	Business
Twenty-five young musicians from around the world have gathered in California to train and perform this month in an international program called iPalpiti, from the Italian word for heartbeats. The training program and performance festival mark a labor of love for Russian-born conductor and musical director Eduard Schmieder, who says that music has the power to break down barriers.
The musicians come from 19 countries, including Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Israel and Italy, and Schmieder says that in their own way, they make the world more peaceful.
In our orchestra, he said, I will not name the countries on purpose, but there are musicians from the countries which are practically � not practically � but which are at war. And they are sitting next to each other, and they become friends, he said.
Schmieder and his wife started this program in 1997 with help from the renowned violinist and conductor Yehudi Menuhin.
Accomplished musicians
Professional musicians whose ages range from the late teens to the 30s take part in the program. They are accomplished, Schmieder said, and include winners of major competitions.
It's so great that you have so many sensitive musicians, said Peter Rainer, a violinist who serves as concertmaster, the link between the musicians and conductor. They all are very alert and awake and listen to each other as they work together to perfect their performances, he said.
Turkish viola player Can Sakul says the international group meshes well.
This is home because when you make good music; it makes you feel like you're home, Sakul said during a break from rehearsals in Orange County, California.
This is a cultural as well as musical exchange, a Siberian violinist says.
Here, everyone has their own opinion of music, how to play every composition, said Russian Semyon Promoe. It's very interesting to interact with everybody, he said, to play together and to create one opinion for everybody.
This year, the festival focuses on music from baroque to contemporary, from J. S. Bach and Franz Schubert to the Czech composer Antonin Dvorak and Russia's Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky. Yet, this music has no geographic boundaries, says a cellist from Ecuador.
It's interesting to see where we intersect, Francisco Vila said, how many things we have in common. And also the music world is quite small, he added, so you're only one person away from knowing everyone else.
He says that through this program, the instrumentalists get to know more about each other as they share the thrill of performing great music. Musicians who have taken part in the annual training and festival make up a big family, said Turkish violist Sakul, so I'm proud to be a part of it, he added.
Previous Digital Kazakhstan: Bakytzhan Sagintayev discusses implementation of the state program with domestic IT companies
Next Government Project Management System: B. Sagintayev holds a meeting on the development of North-Kazakhstan, Kostanay, and Pavlodar regions


Just when I was getting worried that the growing armada of boats in my garage would prevent me from building another kayak over the winter, my newest build (see pics here) found a new home. Of course, it had to happen the day before I was to take it along on a camping trip, but what can you do?
Now that it's cooler, a man's mind turns to thoughts of stripping. But before that can happen, he must make the necessary preparations.
And so I mounted the forms on my trusty strongback, made sure everything was aligned properly, and it was off to the races.
This build features a sheer clamp as shown below.
The sheer clamp is made out of a 3/4″ x 7/8″ length of cedar which is rounded on the inside edge.
The instructions suggest using finishing nails to fasten the sheer to the forms, but I find that drywall screws keep everything nice and tight against the form. Just be careful that you don't drive in the screw too much as this will crack the sheer. And yes, I am speaking from experience.
Next, I set about fashioning the internal stems. For these, I used discarded lengths of cedar strips. I floated them in the bathtub for a day to make them more bendable. Even then, the stern caused me a little trouble with the outside strip cracking a little because of the pronounced curve of the stern mold. Next time, I'll plane these strips a little thinner, as I normally do for the outside stems, to make them complain less at being bent.
For the inner stems, I used Gorilla Glue between the strips, which has never failed me before. The glue leaves a crusty foam, but this is easily removed.
Next steps: shaping the stems and preparing strips.
It's good to be building again.
You are currently viewing the archives for September, 2016 at greybeard canoes & kayaks.


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Odisha to get projects worth Rs 160 billion. Check out the project list!
The foundation stone for projects worth Rs 160 billion will be reportedly laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his scheduled Odisha visit on December 24.
Of Rs 160 billion, Rs 38 billion worth Paradip-Hyderabad products pipeline (PHPL) of Indian Oil Corporation (IOCL) project will be inaugurated along with the Bokaro- Angul section of Jagdishpur- Haldia pipeline and Bokaro-Dhamra pipeline project of GAIL India at an estimated cost of Rs 34.37 billion.
The construction of a permanent campus of the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) at Berhampur is expected to cost Rs 12.29 billion. The construction work of the six-laning of Chandikhole-Bhadrak section of NH-5 on Hybrid Annuity model, four-laning of Cuttack-Angul Section of NH- 42 on engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) mode and six-laning of Bhubaneswar-Puintola section of NH-5 of 132.14 km will reportedly cost Rs Rs 15.22 billion, 19.91 billion and Rs 19.37 billion, respectively.
Besides, Modi will also introduce the new campus of Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)- Bhubaneswar to the nation at an estimated investment of Rs 18.80 billion. The engineering institute has come over 900 acre at the outskirts of Bhubaneshwar.
IOCL (pipeline division), under the aegis of South Eastern Region Pipelines (SERPL), Bhubaneswar is reportedly laying the 1212-km dedicated product pipeline PHPL along with optical fibre cable for evacuation of white oil products motor spirit (MS) high speed diesel, kerosene and ATF (aviation turbine fuel) from Paradip refinery to depots in Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. With a capacity of 4.5 mtpa, the proposed pipeline is expected to provide connectivity to a new depot at Berhampur in Odisha, and also to Indian Oil's existing depots at Vizag, Rajahmundry and Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh, and Hyderabad in Telangana, along with associated facilities at Paradip refinery and at Rajahmundry and Vijayawada depots. The proposed pipeline, of length 329 km in Odisha, 723 km in Andhra Pradesh and 160 km in Telangana, is identified in the National Perspective Plan under Sagarmala Programme by Modi.
PHPL
IOCL
IISER
SERPL
Paradip refinery
Sagarmala Programme
Projects worth over Rs 110 billion launched in Paradip
Automatic sustainable construction technology
Is India ready for digital construction?


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Alessandra Ambrosio with Selita Ebanks, Doutzen Kroes, Heidi Klum, Sharon Turney, Miranda Kerr, and Marisa Miller at The Return to Glamour on the 2nd of December 2008 in New York City
By User: sotrah
Miranda Kerr backstage at the 17th Annual ESPY Awards
By User: singlebraincelled
Miranda Kerr arrives at the 17th Annual ESPY Awards
Miranda Kerr poses backstage at the 17th Annual ESPY Awards
Miranda Kerr onstage at the 17th Annual ESPY Awards
Miranda Kerr walking onstage at the 17th Annual ESPY Awards
Miranda Kerr spotted at the Museum of Contemporary Art in The Rocks in Sydney during a fashion photo shoot on October 15th 2009 8
By User: jheart


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Barkholt ist neben Ost- und Westochtersum einer von drei Ortsteilen von Ochtersum, einer Gemeinde in der Samtgemeinde Holtriem im ostfriesischen Landkreis Wittmund, Niedersachsen.

Das Dorf liegt etwa 6,3 Kilometer nordöstlich von Westerholt. Die früheste bekannte urkundliche Erwähnung Barkholts datiert auf das Jahr 1589. Damals wurde der Ortsname als Barckholt erfasst. Weitere Schreibweisen des Ortsnamens waren Bargholtz (1670) sowie Borchholt (1730). Die heutige Bezeichnung ist seit 1787 geläufig. Der Name ist eine Zusammensetzung der Worte bark (=Birke) und holt (=Wald). Der Ortsname bezeichnet somit einen Birkenwald. Im Jahre 1823 hatte Barkholt 109 Bewohner, die sich auf 19 Feuerstellen verteilten. 1848 waren es dann 139 Bewohner in 21 Wohngebäuden.

In Dänemark existiert ein gleichnamiger Weiler in Hjørring, Nordjütland und liegt in der Nähe von Bindslev und Kirkeby.

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Landkreis Wittmund
Ochtersum


These quiet guestrooms offer air conditioning and sound proofed windows along with modern amenities like wireless Internet, electronic locks and a laptop sized safe. Business travelers visiting Bogota can take advantage of the convenient desktop hub, which allows you to connect your TV to electronic and audiovisual equipment.
1 infant under 2 years can stay at no cost in a crib or up 1 child under 10 years can stay at no cost when sharing the existing bedding with their parents (reservation required, subject to availability).
Breakfast isn't included for children under 10 years and must be paid directly at the hotel.
These guestrooms offer a quiet atmosphere as well as sound proofed windows and modern features like wireless Internet access, an electronic safe and a laptop safe. These rooms are located on the executive floor and provide additional benefits like personal butler services, a private restaurant and meeting rooms.
This room is non-changeable and non-refundable.
This 860 square foot guestroom has a living room and dining area as well as a private bedroom and two bathrooms, one of which features a tub.
Business travelers visiting Bogota can take advantage of the convenient desktop hub, which allows you to connect your TV to electronic and audiovisual equipment.
This 860 square foot suite has a living room, dining area and a private bedroom as well as two bathrooms, one of which features a bathtub.
This 860 square foot suite has a living room and dining area as well as a private bedroom and two bathrooms, one of which features a tub.
This spacious 1,300 square foot suite has a living room and dining area as well as a private bedroom and two bathrooms, one of which features a bathtub. Some suites also have a fireplace, subject to availability.
This apartment has two bedrooms along with a kitchenette, living room, dining area and a work area. Some of these apartments are located within two-story duplexes (subject to availability).
These spacious rooms have a kitchenette with a microwave, a coffee maker and basic utensils. There is also a bathroom with a tub, contemporary décor and a desk.


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What purpose did masks serve in African art Brainly?
What was the purpose of the mask in African art?
What do the differences in African masks show Brainly?
Why were masks an important part of ancient West African culture Brainly?
What is African art mostly used for Brainly?
Why are African masks so important?
How are masks used in African culture?
Why were West African trading centers home to many people who adopted Islam?
Which is the best example of cultural diffusion Brainly?
How is the image an example of Arab influence on West African culture?
What is unique about African culture?
How did griots preserve West African culture?
Why did Arabic script become popular in West Africa?
What are the most important art forms in Africa?
What does the African aesthetic indicate?
Which element of African aesthetic indicates good health?
Africa possesses a long tradition of masking and it is believed that masks were integral to their culture long before the first century B.C. The wide variety of uses for masks, which included rituals of myth, creation, and hero worship, as well as fertility rituals for increase, agricultural festivities, funerals or …
2. African masks often represent a spirit and it is strongly believed that the spirit of the ancestors possesses the wearer. Ritual ceremonies generally depict deities, spirits of ancestors, mythological beings, good and or evil, the dead, animal spirits, and other beings believed to have power over humanity.
IT IS INTERESTING: Question: How many taxi ranks are there in South Africa?
They were used as shields during wartime. They symbolized important people or things. They helped divide the different social classes.
Hi , African art is mostly used to communicate with spiritual powers .
Masks serve an important role in rituals or ceremonies with varied purposes like ensuring a good harvest, addressing tribal needs in time of peace or war, or conveying spiritual presences in initiation rituals or burial ceremonies. Some masks represent the spirits of deceased ancestors.
The mask wearer can become a sort of medium that allows for a dialogue between the community and the spirits. Most times, the spirits mentioned are those of the dead, or nature-related. Masked dances are a part of most traditional African ceremonies related to weddings, funerals, initiation rites, and cleansing.
53:48 Why were West African trading centers home to many people who adopted Islam? … Islamic merchants threatened West Africans who practiced animism. West African kings forced the lower classes to follow the new religion. Arab traders settled in West Africa and built mosques and libraries there.
The best example of cultural diffusion is "the Spanish forced Chrisitianity on the Native Americans when they conquered parts of South America."
How is the image an example of Arab influence on West African culture? It shows how trans-Saharan trade activities helped West African scholars build universities. … It demonstrates how West Africans worked with Arab soldiers to build forts and conquer territory.
IT IS INTERESTING: Where is aluminum mined in South Africa?
The Culture of Africa is varied and manifold, consisting of a mixture of countries with various tribes that each have their own unique characteristic from the continent of Africa. … For example, social values, religion, morals, political values, economics and aesthetic values all contribute to African Culture.
The griot profession is hereditary and has long been a part of West African culture. The griots' role has traditionally been to preserve the genealogies, historical narratives, and oral traditions of their people; praise songs are also part of the griot's repertoire.
Arabic was the official language of West Africa. Christian explorers brought the language with them. It was the main form of communication for Muslim traders.
Despite this diversity, there are unifying artistic themes present, when considering the totality of the visual culture from the continent of Africa. Pottery, metalwork, sculpture, architecture, textile art and fibre art, are important visual art forms across Africa and may be included in the study of African art.
African aesthetics generally has a moral basis, as indicated by the fact that in many African languages the same word means "beautiful" and "good." It is consistent with the use and meaning of African art that it should be both beautiful and good, because it is intended not only to please the eye but to uphold moral …
IT IS INTERESTING: Who has the longest name in Africa?
Luminosity: The lustrously smooth surface of most African figural sculpture, often embellished with decorative scarification, indicates beautifully shining, healthy skin.
Who conquered the Ghana Empire?
What is better than Netflix in South Africa?
Quick Answer: Where is River Niger located?
How many wives can u have in Zimbabwe?
How much does newspaper advertising cost in Nigeria?
What was the controversy of Great Zimbabwe?
Your question: How can I extend my visa in Nigeria?


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Kerala Ready for Direct Cash Transfer (DCT) of Subsidies
Published on: 29 Nov, 2012
Published under: General Kerala News, Kerala Business News, Pathanamthitta District News, Wayanad District News
Kerala two districts Wayanad and Pathanamatittha are on the list of 51 districts where direct cash transfer (DCT) of subsidies will begin in January 2013 – are moving fast to complete all pre-requisites to launch the programme. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh reiterated that the January deadline will remain unchanged. Although there has been no formal communication, Kerala State IT Mission (KSITM) did receive an e-mail from the regional office of the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) asking if the nodal agency was prepared to implement DCT.
The two districts were chosen as 90% of the total population were enrolled. While there were instances of duplication in National Population Registry (NPR) in Wayanad, there would be no duplication of UID numbers said officials. However, generating numbers for overlapping applicants could take up to five months.The state government spends around Rs 700 crore per annum as subsidy, but, unofficial estimates suggest that around Rs 350 crore worth of goods are being siphoned off. Authorities are preparing a database of NREGA beneficiaries in Wayanad and Pathanamthitta. At present, 2,852 beneficiaries of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act Scheme in Wayanad and 5,526 in Pathanamthitta have registered for Aadhaar-enabled payment system. KSITM is likely to suggest that DCT scheme can also be implemented in Ernakulam after it became the first district in the country to achieve 100% financial inclusion.
Source-http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-28/kochi/35410009_1_direct-cash-transfer-kerosene-subsidy-wayanad
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RLIC Launches New Education Plan In Kerala
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Smart city plan may help kochi ports to earn more revenue
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Kerala 'man-eating' tiger shot dead
Kerala Economy Downfall
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package com.elephant.universalimageloader.core.display;

import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.widget.ImageView;

import com.elephant.universalimageloader.core.DisplayImageOptions;
import com.elephant.universalimageloader.core.ImageLoader;
import com.elephant.universalimageloader.core.assist.LoadedFrom;

/**
 * Fake displayer which doesn't display Bitmap in ImageView. Should be used in
 * {@linkplain DisplayImageOptions display options} for
 * {@link ImageLoader#loadImage(String, com.elephant.universalimageloader.core.assist.ImageSize, com.elephant.universalimageloader.core.DisplayImageOptions, com.elephant.universalimageloader.core.assist.ImageLoadingListener)}
 * ImageLoader.loadImage()}
 *
 * @author Sergey Tarasevich (elephant[at]gmail[dot]com)
 * @since 1.6.0
 */
public final class FakeBitmapDisplayer implements BitmapDisplayer {
	@Override
	public Bitmap display(Bitmap bitmap, ImageView imageView,
			LoadedFrom loadedFrom) {
		// Do nothing
		return bitmap;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Finders, Keepers
Reviews - Miscellaneous
Gamekeeper #1
Writer: Andy Diggle
Artist/Colors: Mukesh Singh
Creator: Guy Ritchie
Letters: Rivikiran B.S. & Nilesh S. Mahadik
Cover artists: Neelakash K. (regular) and John Cassaday & Greg Horn (variants)
Editor: MacKenzie Cadenhead
Publisher: Virgin Comics
It certainly doesn't seem as though Virgin Comics — with its celebrity endorsements, big-name industry talent and East Indian culture influences — certainly doesn't seem to have set the world of comic books on fire. There has been potential in the concepts, characters and craft, but of the titles I've sampled, none have really hooked me or set tongues wagging in fandom circles. This latest Virgin offering caught my attention thanks to two names. One is on the cover — movie director Guy Ritchie's manic action/crime movies are a lot of fun, so I hoped for the same from this book. And writer Andy Diggle, best known for Losers from DC/Vertigo, is a consistently strong talent in comics today. Do they add up to a winning combination for a new comic-book property? Well, only in part. The atmosphere is engaging and the pacing of the plot interesting, but ultimately, Gamekeeper comes across as somewhat derivative in nature, eliciting easy comparisons to some well-known Marvel properties.
A young runaway wanders through the Scottish wilderness, looking for a remote estate where the owner is rumored to take in lost souls with nowhere else to turn. He's discovered by Brock, the mysterious estate gamekeeper and personal assistant and confidant to the wealthy landowner, Jonah Morgan. Morgan agrees to take the youth in, but the kid isn't what he appears to be. Of course, Morgan has his secrets as well, secrets that evil men would kill to have for their own. Of course, they didn't count on encountering Brock and his… special skills.
Singh's artwork is certainly in keeping with the gritty tone of the characters and crescendo of violence in this debut issue. His art actually reminds me a bit of Michael (Sandman) Zulli's style, given the level of detail and rather slender approach to the figures, as well as Salvador Larroca's current realistic work on newuniversal. The first page, with its vista of a beautiful, untouched, natural landscape, is certainly striking — perhaps too much. The later scenes, set on a plateau, are far sparser and less interesting from a visual perspective. The colors are quite dark later in the book, which is in keeping with the dire mood the storytellers are trying to establish. However, it's so dark that it's difficult to discern what's happening at times.
The betrayal that's at the heart of the plot of this opening issue was quite effective; it took me by surprise, in any case. Diggle's script proceeds at a brisk pace (though it's not nearly as frenetic as the pace of Ritchie's films). We're still trying to grasp the premise when disaster and action erupt at the Morgan estate.
Jonah Morgan himself is an interesting figure here, as he doesn't seem entirely benevolent in his demeanor. There's an almost paranoid quality to the character that doesn't seem entirely consistent with his decision to care for runaways and homeless kids who find their way to his home. I don't doubt the character is kind, but his guarded attitude and fierce determination to protect what is his at any cost instills an edgier quality in him. His wife's resistance to his role as a benefactor helps to set the Morgan family further apart from a more saintly reputation as well. Of course, it would seem the plot here results in the reader being denied any continued role for Jonah in this story.
After I read this issue, there was something about the way the property, plot and players are crafted that didn't quite sit right with me. The title character, Brock, reminds me far too much of Wolverine. He has no costume or animal powers that I tell, but he's a hunter without equal and a violent figure who is willing to kill without pause. He's the kind of guy who is The Best There Is at What He Does, and he's far to derivative of Marvel's most popular mutant. The Morgan estate and its owner's willingness to take in young people also make for an easy comparison to Charles Xavier and his school for gifted youngsters as well. These elements make Gamekeeper seem far too familiar in tone, and that sense of a lack in originality is alienating. 6/10
March 31, 2007 Don MacPherson
Unlimited Possibilities → ← Quick Critiques – March 27, 2007
5 thoughts on "Finders, Keepers"
the similarity with wolverine may be intentional – brock is scottish for a badger; the distant cousin of the wolverine.
great site by the way!
Thanks for the linguistic tip, Blair. And for the kind words. Keep reading, and keep posting.
Chris Partin says:
I enjoyed this issue. I'm curious to see how the story will be six issues from now or even ten issues from now. I think it has potential. I'll give it a few issues and see where it goes. I really like Singh's art and the use of colors in this book is extremely good.
BENN says:
Yes, not only is Mukesh Singh a good artist, but a hard-working one, pencilling, inking, and coloring GameKeeper! As I write this, I'm up to issue 3 of this book and think it's a great series. I've found Brock's behavior to be different from Wolverine, and the third issue shows us he's more fallible. But I agree with what was said about Virgin Comics. Most of their books aren't for me. The Greg Horn variant cover for #1 helped grab my attention. (Jonathan Hickman's variant for #2 is my favorite cover yet.)
Benn wrote:
I'm up to issue 3 of this book and think it's a great series.
I didn't get past the first issue, unfortunately.


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From Bristol to Africa
From Africa to America
From America to Bristol
The Places Involved
The East Indies
Colonisation and the East India Company
Trade goods from the East: Spices
Trade goods from the East: Textiles
Trade goods from the East: Tea
The East African slave trade
Bristol and the East African slave trade
Home › Bristol and Transatlantic Slavery › Slavery Routes › The Places Involved › The East Indies ›
Painting of tomb
Bristol merchants had long-standing links with the East India Company (the London-based trading company that traded with the East Indies region). According to the historian C M MacInnes, 'men from Bristol took an active and leading part [in the establishment of the East India Company] and in the course of the next three hundred years some of the most illustrious names in Anglo-Indian history came from that city.' Bristol merchants brought Indian textiles from the East India Company to trade with West Africa. Given the importance of Indian textiles to the African trade, it is not surprising to see Bristol merchant families involved in both the East Indian trade and the transatlantic slave trade .
Take the Aldworth family, for example. The Aldworths of Bristol seem to have had early connections with the East India Company. In 1611 Thomas Aldworth became the chief merchant on board the ship the Hosiander, which sailed to the East Indies that year. By 1612 Aldworth was in charge of a trading station on the west coast of India, which became one of the most important trading stations in the East India Company' empire. Thomas Aldworth also owned the ship the Gabriel of Bristol. The Gabriel is recorded as making a voyage to buy animal skins, ivory and salt from the west coast of Africa early in the 17th century.
By 1618, Robert Aldworth, Thomas Aldworth's relative, was involved in the first sugar processing business in Bristol. Sugar was processed in 'sugar houses' in Bristol and sold. Aldworth's sugar house was probably refining slave-produced sugar from Spanish and Portuguese plantations in Madeira, Brazil and the Azores. Later, the sugar came from the Caribbean plantations. Robert Aldworth became Bristol's wealthiest sugar merchant. He was Mayor of Bistol in 1609. Robert Aldworth was obviously proud of his trade in sugar. His magnificent tomb, which is pictured here, in St Peters Church in the centre of Bristol had sugar loaves carved on it. Both Thomas and Robert Aldworth were members of the Society of Merchant Venturers, a group dating back to the 16th century to promote and protect Bristol merchants and trade. This included involvement in the transatlantic slave trade. In 1672 another Thomas Aldworth was a member of the new Royal African Company. This was a London-based company which was granted a monopoly of English trade with Africa. At the same time, a Thomas Aldworth was listed as a landowner in St Andrews' parish in Jamaica in the Caribbean.
John Duckinfield, or Duckenfield was another merchant from Bristol who was linked to the trade with the East Indies as well as Africa. By 1701 he had become a wealthy merchant and was also an investor in the slave trade. In most of the years between 1712 and 1735, Duckinfield sent out at least one of his six ships on slaving voyages. Most of them followed the route from Bristol to Africa and thence from Africa to the Caribbean and back to Bristol. But on at least two occasions he traded in slaves from the island of Madagascar off the east coast of Africa. Trade with that area was at that time under the exclusive control of the East India Company. It was illegal for private traders such as Duckinfield to take part unless they had a temporary licence from the East India Company. In 1717 we know that Duckinfield bought such a licence. He loaded some 540 slaves on board his ship the Prince Eugene at Madagascar. Most were young boys and girls, and over half of them died on the voyage east. After that Duckinfield does not seem to have got another licence from the East India Company and later went on a similar slaving voyage, trading illegally without a licence. He was eventually found out, and had his ship's cargo impounded.
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Want a look into the future of aircraft cabin interiors? APEX EXPO is a good opportunity to see what's coming and prepare for the inevitable. Often that means getting ready for not so great changes to the passenger experience. As is often the case we have Jason on as a guest to review the show and parse out what's really going to fly or not.
What's cool? What's going to fly? What isn't?