text:
Fu un amante delle arti e un mecenate e si deve principalmente a lui l'inizio dell'attività di Michelangelo a Roma.
Era figlio di Antonio Sansoni e di Violante Riario Della Rovere e prese il cognome della madre.

Biografia
Alla protezione del potente prozio e del nipote di questi Girolamo Riario, signore di Imola e comandante generale dello Stato Pontificio, si deve la sua precoce ascesa ai vertici delle gerarchie curiali. Già protonotario apostolico (così lo ritrasse Melozzo da Forlì, accanto al pontefice, al Platina e ad altri parenti in un celebre affresco del 1476-77), appena diciassettenne il 10 dicembre 1477 venne creato cardinale da papa Sisto IV sotto il titolo diaconale di S. Giorgio al Velabro. Successe così nel ruolo di porporato 'di famiglia' a Pietro Riario, fratello di Girolamo, morto nel 1474.

Alla nomina cardinalizia seguì, il 19 gennaio 1478, quella a legato per l'Umbria, dove Perugia e altri centri minori, sostenuti da Lorenzo de' Medici, si erano ribellati al pontefice. Riario, allora studente di diritto canonico a Pisa, dove ebbe come precettore l'umanista antimediceo Iacopo di Poggio Bracciolini, si trovò catapultato al centro della grande politica in un frangente particolarmente delicato dei rapporti tra la Repubblica di Firenze e Sisto IV, il quale, in funzione antimedicea, sosteneva la candidatura alla sede arcivescovile di Pisa da parte di Francesco Salviati, collaboratore di Pietro Riario e cugino di Jacopo de' Pazzi.

Proprio negli ambienti legati ai Pazzi, nel 1474-75 venne definito, con l'avallo dello stesso papa e del re di Napoli, Ferrante d'Aragona, un piano per estromettere i Medici dal governo di Firenze. L'occasione per l'attuazione della cospirazione nota come congiura dei Pazzi venne offerta dal viaggio che Riario doveva compiere per prendere possesso della legazione umbra. Il passaggio per Firenze del cardinale si rivelò infatti «un vero e proprio cavallo di Troia» (Fubini, 1984, p. 47), permettendo ai congiurati di eludere il sistema di sicurezza predisposto dai Medici e di porre in atto la congiura, che portò al ferimento di Lorenzo e all'uccisione del fratello di questi, Giuliano, senza tuttavia riuscire nell'intento di rovesciare il regime mediceo (Congiura dei Pazzi). L'aggressione avvenne il 26 aprile 1478 in duomo nel corso di una celebrazione presieduta proprio da Riario, il quale venne arrestato (scampando così al linciaggio popolare) e tenuto in ostaggio, a differenza di Salviati, di Francesco Pazzi e altri congiurati, che furono giustiziati. In risposta, Sisto IV scagliò l'interdetto su Firenze, scomunicando Lorenzo de' Medici. L'offensiva spirituale e propagandistica del pontefice era finalizzata, tra l'altro, alla liberazione di Riario, che fu ottenuta il 12 giugno 1478. La storiografia non è riuscita a definire il suo reale grado di coinvolgimento, ma è probabile, come già scrisse Francesco Guicciardini, che l'ancora inesperto neocardinale fosse stato «non conscio per la età» delle trame dei suoi familiari e alleati» (Storie fiorentine, a cura di E. Lugnani Scarano, 2010, p. 93). Legato a queste vicende è l'avvio dei rapporti con Marsilio Ficino, il quale nei primi del 1478 l'umanista fece infatti pervenire a Riario una lettera gratulatoria, accompagnata da un opuscolo intitolato Veritas de institutione principis ad Raphaelem Riarium cardinalem. Alcune allusioni allegoriche dello scritto, unitamente a una seconda missiva elogiativa di Riario inviata da Ficino «a nome dei fiorentini e dei pisani» al fiduciario del re di Napoli, hanno indotto a ipotizzare che egli fosse consapevole dell'imminente congiura. Fallita quest'ultima, a ogni modo, l'umanista si riavvicinò ai Medici, rifiutando – forse per prudenza – l'offerta che Riario gli aveva fatto di seguirlo a Roma.

Grazie anche alle sue abilità politiche, fu in grado di tessere una rete di rapporti e di acquisire un'autorevolezza tali da attraversare indenne i difficili frangenti seguiti alla morte dei suoi protettori, Sisto IV (1484) e Girolamo Riario (1488), mantenendo una posizione in Curia anche sotto i pontificati seguenti, a partire da quello di Innocenzo VIII (29 agosto 1484), che contribuì a far eleggere. In occasione di questo e dei successivi conclavi il suo nome figurò costantemente tra quello dei papabili. L'accumulo e la gestione personalistica di titoli e prebende hanno concorso a fare di Riario la paradigmatica incarnazione della figura del cardinale-principe caratteristica del primo Rinascimento. A quell'epoca era invalso l'uso di cumulare più cariche ecclesiastiche per ricevere le relative prebende. Questa pratica fu fortemente limitata dal Concilio di Trento.

Le principali cariche del cardinal Riario furono:
Cardinale diacono del titolo di San Giorgio in Velabro dal 10 dicembre 1477 al 5 maggio 1480
Legato a Perugia dal 1478 al 1480
Amministratore apostolico dell'arcidiocesi di Pisa dal 17 settembre 1479 al giugno 1499, riconfermato il 3 al 18 settembre 1518
Amministratore apostolico della diocesi di Cuenca dal 13 agosto 1479 all'8 luglio 1482, poi Vescovo da 24 maggio 1493 al 12 aprile 1518
Legato nelle Marche dal 1480 al 1484
Amministratore apostolico di Tréguier dal 18 agosto 1480 al maggio 1483
Amministratore apostolico di Salamanca dal 8 luglio 1482 al 15 gennaio 1483
Amministratore apostolico di Osma dal 15 gennaio 1483 al maggio 1493
Camerlengo del Sacro Collegio dei Cardinalizio per quasi quarant'anni, dal 1483 al 1521
Cardinale presbiterio del titolo di San Lorenzo in Damaso dal 5 maggio 1480 al novembre 1503
Amministratore apostolico di Viterbo dal 24 agosto 1498 al 16 settembre 1506
Vescovo di Albano dal 29 novembre 1503 al 10 settembre 1507
Cardinale vescovo del titolo di Sabina dal 10 settembre 1507 al 22 settembre 1508
Amministratore apostolico di Arezzo dal 7 luglio 1508 al 5 novembre 1511
Cardinale vescovo del titolo di Porto e Santa Rufina dal 22 settembre 1508 a gennaio 1511
Cardinale vescovo del titolo di Ostia-Velletri dal 20 gennaio 1511 al luglio 1521
Vescovo di Savona dal 5 dicembre 1511 al 9 aprile 1516
Decano del Sacro collegio dal 1511 al 1521
Amministratore apostolico della diocesi di Lucca dall'8 marzo 1517 al 13 novembre 1517
Amministratore apostolico di Malaga dal 12 aprile al 3 settembre 1518
Protonotario Apostolico
Nunzio apostolico in Ungheria

L'investitura a cardinale gli fu revocata il 22 giugno 1517 come sanzione per aver partecipato ad una congiura contro il papa, ordita da cardinale Alfonso Petrucci, ma gli fu ripristinata il 24 agosto 1517. Oltre a pensioni varie e commende, tra le quali quelle di S. Mercuriale e S. Maria di Fumana (Forlì), S. Donnino (Pisa), S. Bartolomeo (Genova); fu infine protettore dell'Ordine Agostiniano.

Manifestazione eloquente delle ambizioni temporali di Riario fu la costruzione nel centro di Roma di una dimora principesca, che rappresentò per anni «l'unica costruzione […] che potesse veramente rivaleggiare con il Pantheon» (Frommel, 1989b, p. 30). Il palazzo sorse sul sito della chiesa paleocristiana di S. Lorenzo in Damaso, che fu demolita per essere ricostruita e incorporata nel nuovo complesso. Il Palazzo, detto poi della Cancelleria (sull'antica via Papalis, oggi Corso Vittorio Emanuele II) fu edificato tra il 1487 e il 1495 circa (con rifiniture nel 1502-03 e nel 1511) grazie al contributo di diversi architetti, tra i quali Baccio Pontelli, Andrea Bregno, Antonio e Giuliano da Sangallo. Realizzato secondo le istanze del nuovo stile vitruviano condivise da Riario, promotore dell'Accademia Pomponiana e dedicatario della editio princeps del De architectura curata da Giovanni Sulpizio (1487/1488), il palazzo si caratterizza per la facciata dall'inusuale lunghezza, per il cortile monumentale che si adattava al gusto del committente per le rappresentazioni, per gli avancorpi (o torri) laterali e per l'articolazione su tre piani, decorati con opus isodomum e ordini di paraste a 'trovata ritmica': elementi che conferivano all'edificio un aspetto classicheggiante, inusuale per i grandi palazzi romani tardomedievali, più simili a fortezze che al modello di reggia principesca, teorizzato in quegli anni nel De cardinalatu di Paolo Cortesi. Al proprio interno, il palazzo ospitava numerose opere d'arte e antiche statue, ad una di esse è collegata la prima venuta di Michelangelo a Roma. Tra il 1495 e il 1496, infatti, Riario aveva acquistato tramite un intermediario la statua di un Cupido dormiente ritenuta antica, che invece era stata realizzata dal giovane artista. Accortosi della truffa, il cardinale inviò a Firenze un agente per rintracciare l'autore dell'opera, il quale, all'oscuro del raggiro, si recò a Roma per recuperare la statua. Fu così che Michelangelo entrò in contatto con Riario, il quale gli mostrò la sua collezione di statue (tra le quali spiccavano due marmi raffiguranti Giunone e la musa Melpomene) e gli commissionò la realizzazione di un Bacco, che tuttavia non piacque al cardinale e finì per essere acquisito dall'ospite romano del Buonarroti, Jacopo Gallo.

In questi anni Riario fu uno dei più popolari protagonisti della vita pubblica romana: i diari e le cronache lo ritraggono al centro di eventi mondani e aneddoti riguardanti la caccia, il gioco e la politica accanto ad altri influenti cardinali, quali Ascanio Sforza, Rodrigo Borgia e Franceschetto Cybo, al quale pare vinse in una notte ben 14.000 ducati, poi impiegati per finanziare il cantiere del suo palazzo. Alieno da interessi spirituali e più a suo agio nelle vesti di munifico mecenate, favorì umanisti come Antonio Flamini, fu dedicatario dell'edizione romana del Manilii Astronomicon (1484), corrispose con Erasmo da Rotterdam e «accordò al teatro favori da principe» (Pastor, 1908-1912, III, p. 91), finanziando rappresentazioni di grande impatto scenico, come quella del 1492 per la riconquista di Granada, o quella del 1486 che vide l'allestimento dell'Hyppolitus di Seneca. Sovrintese inoltre alla realizzazione della nuova via Alessandrina in vista del giubileo del 1500, ma non gli fu possibile presenziare all'inaugurazione, in quanto costretto a lasciare Roma nel novembre del 1499 a causa di contrasti insorti con i Borgia. I rapporti con Alessandro VI, che in conclave si era guadagnato il suo favore con promesse, furono inizialmente positivi. Nella primavera del 1495 Riario riparò con il pontefice a Orvieto al passaggio delle truppe di Carlo VIII; poi, nel giugno del 1497, venne nominato tra i sei cardinali che stilarono la mai pubblicata bolla di riforma della Curia, effimero frutto della breve stagione moralizzatrice inaugurata da Borgia dopo la morte del figlio Giovanni. Negli anni seguenti, tuttavia, quando Borgia sostenne l'ambizioso piano del figlio Cesare per la creazione di un ducato in Romagna a scapito dei signori locali, quali i Riario Sforza che persero Forlì e Imola (dicembre 1499-gennaio 1500), Riario dovette abbandonare Roma, rifugiandosi in Francia presso Luigi XII. Con questi fece ritorno nella penisola nell'agosto del 1502, rientrando tuttavia nell'Urbe solo alla morte di Alessandro VI, nel settembre del 1503.

In qualità di camerlengo, resse la sede vacante e amministrò i conclavi dai quali uscirono eletti prima Pio III (22 settembre 1503) e poi Giulio II (1º novembre 1503), questi lo tenne in grande considerazione, tuttavia non valsero l'appoggio del pontefice alla restaurazione del regime dei Riario a Forlì e Imola, che la Chiesa aveva recuperato in seguito alla caduta del Valentino. Ordinato cardinale sacerdote nell'aprile del 1504, Riario mantenne a ogni modo un ruolo centrale nel S. Collegio, ottenendo nel marzo del 1506 la legazione di Roma durante l'assenza del papa, impegnato nella campagna per Bologna e Perugia. Nel settembre successivo, siglò l'accordo per la sottomissione di Giampaolo Baglioni, che permise l'ingresso del pontefice a Perugia.

In seguito, celebrò con un discorso in Concistoro le imprese del 'papa guerriero', volte a suo giudizio non a favorire l'interesse personale, ma a consolidare lo Stato della Chiesa. A sua volta, alla vigilia della morte, Giulio II raccomandò i propri parenti a Riario. A questo periodo risale il noto affresco del Miracolo di Bolsena (1512), eseguito da Raffaello che vi ritrasse il papa circondato da familiari, tra i quali Riario (un terzo ritratto si conserva nel suo monumento funebre). Un anno prima (20 gennaio 1511), Riario aveva assunto il titolo di cardinale di Ostia, con il quale prese parte al Concilio Lateranense V (1512-15), celebrandovi la messa inaugurale (3 maggio 1512). In questi anni commissionò a Jacopo Ripanda un ciclo di affreschi per il palazzo dell'Episcopio ostiense, ristrutturato da Baldassarre Peruzzi. Come decano e favorito del partito spagnolo, alla morte di Giulio II prese parte al conclave che, anche grazie alla sua rinuncia e alla decisione di dirottare le preferenze dei suoi sostenitori sul Medici, determinò l'elezione del figlio di Lorenzo il Magnifico, Giovanni (11 marzo 1513). Nel dicembre del 1514, presenziò all'incontro di Bologna tra Leone X e il re di Francia Francesco I, reduce dalla riconquista di Milano.

Il pontificato del Medici coincise, tuttavia, con la fase crepuscolare della lunga parabola curiale di Riario, la quale, così come aveva preso avvio, si concluse nel segno di una congiura dai contorni ambigui. Delusi dalla contraddittoria condotta di Leone X, nel 1517 alcuni cardinali 'giovani' architettarono infatti un piano volto all'eliminazione del papa e alla sua sostituzione, secondo alcuni, proprio con Riario. La presunta congiura fu tuttavia scoperta, offrendo al pontefice il pretesto per procedere all'incriminazione dei suoi più temibili avversari. Il 19 maggio vennero arrestati i cardinali Bandinello Sauli e Alfonso Petrucci, quest'ultimo giustiziato ai primi di luglio. Il 29 maggio fu poi la volta di Riario, il quale venne rinchiuso in Castel S. Angelo e privato del titolo cardinalizio oltre che di numerosi benefici. Dalla confessione estortagli emerse la complicità di altri due porporati, Francesco Soderini e Adriano Castellesi, che furono perdonati, ma condannati all'esilio. Il 20 maggio 1520 firmò il decreto con il quale Leone X intimava al duca Federico di Sassonia di costringere Lutero a ritrattare le sue tesi. Nell'autunno, ammalatosi, ottenne di trasferirsi prima a Caprarola, poi a Napoli, dove fu ospite del gran conestabile Prospero Colonna. Si ammalò nuovamente nella primavera del 1521. Superata la crisi, il 3 luglio dettò, alla presenza dei fratelli Giuliano e Giovan Battista Galli, il proprio testamento, di cui nominò coesecutori Giulio de' Medici e il nipote Cesare Riario.

Ricevuta l'estrema unzione, morì a Napoli il 9 luglio 1521. Dopo la cerimonia funebre officiata presso la chiesa di S. Agostino, il corpo venne condotto a Roma, ove ricevette solenne sepoltura nella basilica di S. Lorenzo in Damaso, per essere poi trasferito presso i Ss. Apostoli, dove oggi riposa nel monumento funebre a lui dedicato.

Genealogia episcopale e successione apostolica
La genealogia episcopale è:
 Cardinale Guillaume d'Estouteville, O.S.B.Clun.
 Papa Sisto IV
 Papa Giulio II
 Cardinale Raffaele Sansoni Riario

La successione apostolica è:
 Papa Leone X (1513)

Nella cultura di massa
 Nella serie televisiva francese I Borgia è interpretato dall'attore Scott William Winters nel periodo di messa in onda della serie, tra il 2011 e il 2014

Note

Voci correlate
Pietro Riario

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Cardinali nominati da Sisto IV
Vescovi e arcivescovi di Pisa
Vescovi e arcivescovi di Lucca
Camerlenghi di Santa Romana Chiesa
Vescovi di Malaga
Vescovi di Cuenca
Vescovi e cardinali vescovi di Sabina-Poggio Mirteto
Vescovi e cardinali vescovi di Porto-Santa Rufina
Vescovi di Viterbo e Tuscania
Nunzi apostolici per l'Ungheria
Vescovi e cardinali vescovi di Albano
Vescovi e cardinali vescovi di Ostia
Vescovi di Savona
Protonotari apostolici

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Treatment of obesity with bariatric surgery has gained increasing popularity because of demonstrated effectiveness in decreasing obesity-related comorbidities. Prevalence of severe hypoglycemia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), marked by neuroglycopenic symptoms, is estimated to be between 0.2 and 0.36%, based on a large cohort study (1, 2). PGBH tends to occur between 1 and 8 years post procedure and presents as postprandial hypoglycemia. Fasting hypoglycemia is a very rare manifestation of PGBH. The prevalence of fasting hypoglycemia has not been well established in the population with PGBH except for a few case reports in the past two decades (3). Herein, we describe an unusual case of PGBH who initially presented with postprandial hypoglycemia and later developed fasting hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia as disease progressed.
A 34-year-old woman with a past medical history of RYGB as treatment for obesity, complicated by recurrent postprandial hypoglycemia three years after surgery, presented to the hospital with fasting hypoglycemia six months later. She denied family history of insulinoma, pituitary tumor or hyperparathyroidism.
The patient's initial workup was started when she developed symptoms of diaphoresis, dizziness, tremors and syncope after meals. Workup revealed concurrent elevated insulin of 35.5 μIU/mL (normal range ≤3 μU/mL) and C-peptide of 6.75 nmol/L (normal range ≤0.2 nmol/L) during a hypoglycemic episode. Serum sulfonylurea screen was negative, insulin antibodies were unremarkable, and serum IGF-2 was within normal limit. To investigate the diagnosis of an insulinoma, a 72-h fast was done revealing stable blood glucose in the 70–80's mg/dL range without hypoglycemic events. Imaging studies including CT of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast, MRI of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast, and esophagogastroduadenoscopy with endoscopic ultrasound did not reveal a pancreatic mass. A mixed meal challenge test (MMCT) revealed hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia after 1 h. Patient was started on a low carbohydrate diet, along with acarbose 50 mg three times daily. One month after initial presentation of symptoms, patient again presented with syncopal episodes due to postprandial hypoglycemia. She underwent revision of her gastric bypass surgery via gastric remnant to gastric pouch anastomosis and jejunal to jejunal anastomosis. Unfortunately, she was only able to tolerate a regular diet for 1 week after the revision and had to be restarted on medical and dietary treatment. She was stabilized on a low carbohydrate diet, diazoxide 75 mg three times daily and octreotide 175 µg subcutaneous injection three times daily for a period of 6 weeks, but returned to the hospital with newly developed nighttime, fasting hypoglycemia. Patient complained of arising during the night and in the early morning with hypoglycemic symptoms, with the longest period of fasting being 7 h after her last meal.
A repeat 72-h fast study was attempted while the patient was on diazoxide 50 mg three times daily and octreotide 100 µg every 8 h. As opposed to the first study, the patient developed hypoglycemia within 7 h of fasting. Patient had an insulin level of 20 μIU/mL and C-peptide of 3.3 ng/mL with blood glucose at 41 mg/dL. To rule out other superimposed etiologies of fasting hypoglycemia, namely insulinoma, the patient underwent both a selective arterial calcium stimulation test (SACST) and a 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan. SACST with hepatic venous sampling resulted in greater than two-fold increase in insulin levels following calcium infusion through the splenic artery as well as superior mesentery artery. A 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT showed no evidence of radiotracer-avid neoplasm.
Increasing doses of diazoxide and octreotide were used to control the patient's hypoglycemia but were unsuccessful. Patient ultimately underwent partial pancreatectomy with 80% resection. The pancreas was extensively serially sectioned and examined and palpated, and no discrete lesions or nodules were identified. In the absence of any discrete lesion, the resection margin and a random sampling of remaining pancreatic tissue was submitted for evaluation, for a total of five sections across the specimen. Histopathology showed pancreatic parenchyma with enlarged islets and cells with large hyperchromatic nuclei, consistent with diffuse nesidioblastosis (see Figs 1, 2 and 3). Those histopathological findings were present diffusely throughout all islets identified, which would render a single (or multifocal) lesion less likely.
Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of the patient's pancreatic tissue, showing increased number of islets with variations in size and shape.
Higher magnification of pancreatic islets. Scattered neuroendocrine cells are seen with enlarged nuclei, irregular nuclear contours, coarse chromatin and variably prominent nucleoli (arrowheads).
Immunohistochemical staining was performed on the patient's tissue. The cells described in Fig. 2 stain positive for insulin (A) but not glucagon (B) or somatostatin (C) (arrowheads).
Patient was unsuccessfully treated with dietary modifications, medical management, including acarbose 50 mg orally three times daily, diazoxide 75 mg three times a day, octreotide 175 mg SQ three times a day and revision of her gastric bypass. She ultimately underwent pancreatectomy with 80% resection.
Patient is off diazoxide and octreotide and on a restricted carbohydrate diet. Patient had no hypoglycemic episodes at 1-month outpatient follow-up. Thus far, she has not been readmitted to a hospital.
Herein, we present a case of PGBH in a patient who initially presented with postprandial hypoglycemia 3 years after RYGB and 6 months later developed fasting hypoglycemia. In PGBH, plasma insulin levels are inappropriately high despite low blood glucose levels usually after meals. Histopathology from such patients who underwent partial/total pancreatomy identified nesidioblastosis, which is characterized by diffuse pancreatic islet involvement with islet hypertrophy, with or without hyperplasia, and enlarged and hyperchromatic cell nuclei (1, 2, 4, 5). Histopathologic findings, however, can be minimal making the pathologic diagnosis challenging (6, 7). The exact mechanism causing hypoglycemia in PGBH remains unclear. The excessive release of incretin hormones, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) are thought to play an important role in PGBH. GLP-1 is mostly secreted in the gut in response to food, causing a glucose-dependent release of insulin and suppression of glucagon. This response has been shown to be exaggerated in PGBH (8). It has also been suggested that increased GIP and GLP-1 released due to accelerated delivery of carbohydrates directly into jejunum stimulates proliferation of pancreatic β cells and thus hyperinsulinemia and postprandial hypoglycemia (1, 2, 4, 9, 10). Other proposed mechanisms for PGBH include altered glucose absorption with changes in the gut microbiota, bile acid level and composition (11).
The differential diagnosis of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia includes insulinoma, PGBH, late dumping syndrome (LDS) and exogenous causes. Insulinoma is most commonly associated with fasting hypoglycemia and in very rare cases postprandial hypoglycemia (6). In contrast, PGBH and LDS typically present with postprandial hypoglycemia. With LDS, the patient develops dizziness and diaphoresis 1–4 h after ingestion of a meal (6). LDS is thought to be a result of an early excessive insulin response and subsequent hypoglycemia and is typically not associated with neuroglycopenic symptoms. Some researchers suggest that LDS and PGBH may represent different ends of a spectrum with dumpling syndrome being on one end of spectrum that responds to diet modifications (4, 11, 12). Of note, large dose of octreotide can potentially aggravate hypoglycemia by inhibiting glucagon secretion, especially in patients with insulinoma. However, we have not found any detailed observation of hypoglycemia induced by octreotide at the typical treatment dose in the literature in patients without neuroendocrine tumor.
A monitored MMTT is the test of choice to diagnose PGBH and should be done prior to 72-h fast and imaging or invasive studies. Only if MMTT is negative, a supervised 72-h fast should be done. The use of SACST has been suggested to localize hyperplastic beta cells to pancreatic arterial distributions in those with PGBH and guide surgical interventions (13). In our patient, a three-fold increase in the relative fold increase in hepatic venous insulin concentration (rHVI) was seen in both splenic artery and superior mesentery artery distributions, suggesting nesidioblastosis as a more likely diagnosis.
PGBH is a challenging complication of gastric bypass. In the most severe cases, patients are refractory to conservative therapy with diet change, medications and reversal of bypass necessitating partial pancreatectomy. Although recurrence is not uncommon after partial pancreatectomy, majority of the patients report improved quality of life and improved symptoms according to a recent study done by Mayo clinic (14). Our patient initially presented with postprandial hypoglycemia after RYGB and later developed fasting hypoglycemia, which is very uncommon in PGBH. Fasting hypoglycemia has been described in sporadic cases of coexisting insulinoma in patients with PGBH (15). To our knowledge, there are only a few case reports of fasting hypoglycemia with PGBH without coexisting insulinoma in the past two decades (3). Our hypothesis for this phenomenon is that this disease is progressive, and later in its course, the insulin release becomes dissociated from food stimulation and is increased at baseline. Therefore, the development of fasting hypoglycemia may be a predictor of more severe refractory disease and likely failure of conservative management. Future studies are needed to investigate the prevalence as well as etiology of progression from postprandial to fasting hypoglycemia.
Patient consent for the publication of this case report could not be obtained as neither the patient nor a relative could be traced.
X Chen is a second-year resident in internal medicine who conducted the literature review and manuscript construction. D Kamel is a fellow in endocrinology who provided clinical care for the patient as well as manuscript edition. B Barnett is a consultant endocrinologist who provided clinical care for the patient and assisted in interpretation of imaging studies. E Yung is a consultant pathologist who was responsible for the histology-related aspect of this case and provided clinical care for the patient. A Quinine is a final year medical student who provided patient care. C Nguyen is a consultant endocrinologist who provided clinical care for the patient and was responsible for manuscript construction and advice.
BrightEGarceaGOngSMadiraWBerryPBDennisonAR. An unusual case of concurrent insulinoma and nesidioblastosis. Journal of the Pancreas 2008 9 649–653.


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Pope ends a secrecy rule for Catholic sexual abuse cases, but for victims many barriers to justice remain
Pope Francis recently removed a secrecy rule to increase transparency for sexual abuse cases.
Pope Francis recently removed one of the barriers facing sex abuse victims looking for justice – the "Rule of Pontifical Secrecy."
The rule is an obligation under the church's laws to keep sensitive information regarding the Catholic Church's governance strictly confidential. This rule allowed church officials to withhold information in sexual abuse cases, even where there was an alleged cover-up or a failure to report allegations. The clergy could claim secrecy even from victims or legal authorities.
Children in foster care face deeper jeopardy during the coronavirus pandemic
Movie star and comedian Tiffany Haddish, left, is a former foster child who now advocates on behalf of foster children. FilmMagic/FilmMagic for CASA of Los Angeles/via Getty Images Lenette Azzi-Lessing, Boston University
The stress and isolation caused by job losses, school closings and limited social interactions, along with the sharp economic downturn brought on by the coronavirus pandemic, have made life harder for everyone – especially people who already faced economic hardship. But the roughly 435,000 U.S. children in foster care have been hit especially hard.
Viewpoints: Fostering success in young adults
As young adults age out of foster care they need support and guidance to make successful lives.
For millions of high school seniors, summer represents the eager conclusion of an important chapter of their lives. It's an optimistic apprehension to the conception of their coming-of-age story: graduating high school, embracing independence and looking to the future.
'Bubbles for Bella' vigil pays homage to 3-year-old Oakmont girl who died from abuse
In some ways, the scene Sunday afternoon in Verona looked like a child's birthday party.
A picnic table wrapped in pink plastic was crowded with family and members of the community, surrounded by coolers of water and soda. There were decorations of butterfly wings and pop hits playing on a speaker somewhere. Toddlers ran around a playground next to the pavilion. Balloons tied to a park bench, bounced in the wind.
But while everything was cloaked in hot pink, the posters and T-shirts were ominous. Family members were wearing T-shirts bearing the phrase "Justice for Bella" and a photograph of the toddler, wearing a bright pink dress and her hair in pigtails.
Reports of child abuse drop, and that's worrying experts
At a home in Punta Gorda, deputies found a young girl covered in bug bites and a rash while wearing a diaper overflowing with urine.
The filthy home reeked of feces, moldy food and cigarette butts. Facing the girl's booster seat was a table covered in white powder from drugs, according to records from the Charlotte County Sheriff's Office.
Deputies stumbled upon the situation June 13 because they were searching for the girl's mother, who had a warrant for her arrest. Both parents were arrested for child neglect, along with other charges.
If deputies hadn't been sent to the house in search of the mother, the child might still be in a house where the adults were allegedly using meth.
Experts say that many neglect or abuse cases are going undiscovered right now.
With schools, childcare facilities and camps closed due to COVID-19, reports of child abuse in Charlotte County have plummeted. In April, the number of reports of child abuse to the Department of Children and Families in Charlotte County was at the lowest it's been in about nine years.
But that doesn't mean fewer children are being abused.
When Florida schools shut down in mid-March, kids stopped seeing their teachers — who are trained to look for and report signs of child abuse.
"Quite a few reports come from professionals at schools mostly because they're trained in what to look for, and kids spend a lot of time at school," said Nathan Scott, child welfare policy coordinator with the Family Safety Alliance. "During COVID-19, they haven't been at school, so that's been a contributing factor (in the decline in reports)."
People who are required by law to report child abuse include professionals such as educators, health professionals and social workers — anyone who has contact with the child as part of his or her job.
The vast majority of reports come from these mandated reporters — especially teachers, who produced 21% of the 4.3 million referrals made in 2018, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Read More in The Sun Port Charlotte
3 ways the foster care system can emerge stronger after the coronavirus pandemic
There has been a significant drop in reports of child abuse and neglect during the coronavirus pandemic. Many fear that as we emerge, the child welfare system will be flooded as the impacts of family stress become public again. In preparation, state foster care departments must improve their operations to better serve foster parents and assist social workers with complex cases.
First, all states should offer foster parent training online.A number of states including Illinois and Tennessee were moving in this direction. But online training makes even more sense in light of COVID-19 and the adaptations many families already have made to group learning.
Currently, many states have inflexible training schedules for the foster parent classes that happen only on certain evenings and at certain locations. Coordinating schedules of working parents for their own families is challenging, but getting a dozen or more family units in the same place for 20 to 30 hours of training with commuting considerations and other family and work commitments is nearly impossible.
Read the full story in USA Today
Father's Day: LGBTQ+ Dads Prove Love Has No Bounds
For Father's Day, The Advocate teamed up with Extraordinary Families, a Los Angeles-based foster and adoption agency, to highlight LGBTQ+ dads showing the world that love is what defines a family.
A child enters foster care every two minutes in the United States, and currently there are over 400,000 children in care, according to Extraordinary Families. In Los Angeles County alone, there are approximately 20,000 children and youth in foster care at any given time, making it one of the largest foster care systems in the country. Older children, sibling sets, those with disabilities, and youth who identify as LGBTQ+ are often in care longer and less likely to be adopted. Complicating things, the Trump administration just this month pushed the Supreme Court to greenlight religious-based discrimination that would allow agencies to turn away prospective LGBTQ+ parents.
Thanks to the help and partnership of quality resource families, Extraordinary Families, which works with many LGBTQ+ parents and kiddos, is helping to find safe and nurturing families for all children in foster care. Scroll down and read some of their success stories.
Since 1994, Extraordinary Families has been a leader in foster care, adoption, and child welfare policy reform. A leading nonprofit foster family, adoption, and advocacy agency based in Los Angeles, it is dedicated to improving the daily lives and long-term outcomes of children and youth in foster care by recruiting, training, and supporting high quality foster and adoptive (resource) parents for children removed from their families due to abuse or neglect. The organization welcomes a diverse population of individuals and families to serve as resource parents regardless of age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, disability, marital or domestic partner status, political affiliation, or ancestry. Resource families are viewed as members of a team providing individualized care so each child can reach her/his/their fullest potential.
READ MORE IN THE ADVOCATE
Magnolia Earl becomes first-ever adopted Gerber baby!
This year's Gerber baby has been chosen!
Gerber's 10th Annual Photo Search winner is Magnolia Earl, who will represent the brand as this year's spokesbaby.
Magnolia, from Ross, California, was chosen among 327,000 contestants who submitted their photos, videos and stories through Gerber's contest website.
Magnolia and her family were rewarded a $25,000 cash prize, $1,000 in Gerber Childrenswear, $1,000 from Walmart and phones with a year of free unlimited service from Verizon.
"At a time when we are yearning for connection and unity, Magnolia and her family remind us of the many things that bring us together: our desire to love and be loved, our need to find belonging, and our recognition that family goes way beyond biology," said Bill Partyka, president and CEO of Gerber.
Read The Full Story at USA Today
NFL Draft 2020: 49ers' Dre Greenlaw inspiration to Arkansas prospects
Linebacker Dre Greenlaw overcame a lot of adversity to settle into his role as an integral defensive player with the 49ers last season.
Greenlaw faced tremendous odds off the field, as his youth primarily was spent in foster care. There were plenty of rough times on the field during his four-year career at Arkansas, too.
The team went 6-18 in Greenlaw's final two seasons of college. In the first season without Greenlaw, the Razorbacks went 2-10 for the second consecutive year in 2019.
Arkansas prospects at the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis last week had to answer questions about the team's lack of success.
"I think the last two seasons we had going 4-20 reflected on a lot of our character," Arkansas linebacker De'Jon "Scoota" Harris said. "It showed that we stuck through hard situations and we had to overcome a lot of adversity that we had to overcome.
"We had to step up as leaders as a team. We had to keep leading the way. I feel like we showed that a lot the past two seasons, and these coaches know that. We just keep doing what we're doing and executing our plans to go out there Saturday and show that we can play at this next level."
Greenlaw faced many of the same questions a year ago, and NFL.com rated him as a seventh-round pick or priority free agent before the draft. The 49ers selected Greenlaw in the fifth round with the No. 148 overall draft pick.
Greenlaw started 11 games for the 49ers. He took over at weakside linebacker when Kwon Alexander missed the second half of the season due to a torn pectoral. Greenlaw made the defensive play of the season when he stopped Seattle tight end Jacob Hollister just shy of the goal line in the closing seconds to preserve the 49ers' crucial Week 17 victory.
"He's definitely (an inspiration) when you watch him you want to have that type of rookie year," Arkansas defensive lineman McTelvin Agim said.
Greenlaw remained in the starting lineup for the 49ers three postseason games, including Super Bowl LIV, when Alexander returned to the active roster. He is a key component of the 49ers' future. Harris and Agim said they have leaned on Greenlaw during the draft process to gain insight from a friend who went through it just one year ago.
Said Agim, "He says to be yourself. 'Wherever you go, just try to focus on making the team and taking it one day at a time, honestly.'"
READ THE FULL STORY AT NBC SPORTS
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Adults Can Now Face Prison Time For Failing To Report Suspected Child Abuse In Maryland
Members & Volunteers
© 2011-2021 The Blue Ribbon Project. All Rights Reserved. Some images and articles may also be copyrighted by the respective authors. The Blue Ribbon Project is a 100% volunteer 501(c)(3) non-profit community organization based in Annapolis, Maryland. We are committed to both the prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect and act as a support network for survivors of Child Abuse, Foster Care, and Child Sexual Assault. We offer several programs that directly serve abused and neglected children, raise public awareness about child abuse, and programs serving adult survivors of child abuse.
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The Webb C14E is undoubtedly one of the best electric cylinder lawnmowers on the market today. This superbly built machine features a highly efficient and reliable electric motor and the revolutionary cassette system. The combination of advanced lawnmower technology and a number of special features give the C14E an unbeatable cutting performance. The spring fine comb also lifts the grass prior to cutting to ensure an even cut, and a stainless steel front roller and rear roller produce those beautiful, classic stripes that are the hallmark of a clyinder-mown lawn. Webb is a absolute classic British lawnmower brand.
Built to provide years of service, the C14E incorporates a variable speed control dial which allows you to choose your preferred mowing speed, making turning and manoeuvring around borders easy. Powered by a 340 Watt energy efficient motor, the Windsor has a generous 75 feet of cable allowing access to most areas of the garden and a large capacity grassbox with fitted compactor to minimise emptying trips.
The safety switch and full-width control bar, that engages the rear roller, are designed for operator comfort and the fold-down handle enables compact storage. When you need to change the cutting height, a simple flush-mounted adjuster allows you to do so in seconds with a simple turn of the dial and gives 5 pre-set cutting heights and one for scarifying.
The Webb 'Quick Cartridge' system enables you to remove the cutting blades quickly and easily as a complete cassette. You can then have the blades sharpened or simply replace them with a new blade cassette, making maintenance of your cylinder mower much easier. Another advantage of the QC system is the versatility it offers. The cutting blade cassette can be removed and replaced by the QC lawn scarifier cassette which converts the lawn mower into a powered raker, helping you to clear your lawn of moss and other debris, allowing it to breathe and promoting healthy growth. The ten blade QC cassette ensures an even closer, finer cut ideal for a professional finish to croquet and tennis lawns.


SRCVinyl is giving Thrice's "The Artist In The Ambulance", "Vheissu" and "The Red Sky EP" the full SRCHIFI treatment with limited edition audiophile-level pressing and premium packaging. The Red Sky EP will be released on vinyl for the first time ever with audio mastered for vinyl and lacquers created by Kevin Gray (Coherent Audio). The album is housed in a reverse board LP jacket and includes an 11 x 11 insert. This is being pressed at RTI on a limited clear with white and black hi-melt colored vinyl.
The Red Sky EP is the companion to Vheissu, which was originally released on April 11 2005, 6 months prior to Vheissu's release. The Red Sky EP features two outtakes ("Flags of Dawn" and "The Weight of Glory") and live versions of other tracks.


text:
Hastings Bertrand Lees-Smith, PC (* 26. Januar 1878 in Murree, Nordwestliche Grenzprovinz, Britisch-Indien; † 18. Dezember 1941 in Golders Green, Middlesex, England) war ein britischer Politiker der Liberal Party sowie später der Labour Party, der unter anderem von 1910 bis 1918, zwischen 1922 und 1923 sowie von 1924 bis 1931 Mitglied des Unterhauses (House of Commons) war. Im zweiten Kabinett MacDonald war er zunächst zwischen 1929 und 1931 Postminister (Postmaster-General) sowie im Anschluss vom 2. März bis zum 24. August 1931 Bildungsminister (President of the Board of Education). Er war von 1935 bis zu seinem Tode 1941 erneut Mitglied des Unterhauses sowie zuletzt von 1940 bis 1941 als Leader of the Opposition Oppositionsführer im Unterhaus.

Leben

Herkunft, Studium und Dozent an der London School of Economics

Hastings Bertrand Lees-Smith, zweiter Sohn von drei Söhnen des in Britisch-Indien dienenden Majors der Royal Artillery Harry Lees-Smith und dessen Ehefrau Jesse Reid, trug bis in die 1920er Jahre überwiegend den Namen Smith und wurde nach dem Tod seines Vaters 1880 nach England gebracht, um von seinem Großvater erzogen zu werden. Nach einer privaten Erziehung besuchte er die 1597 gegründete Aldenham School und begann 1894 eine Offiziersausbildung an der Royal Military Academy Woolwich, die er aber bereits 1895 wegen seiner schwachen Gesundheit aufgeben musste. Stattdessen begann er 1895 ein Studium der Geschichte am Queen's College der University of Oxford, das er 1899 mit einer Auszeichnung zweiter Klasse beendete. Während seines Studiums interessierte er sich für die Ideen der Liberal Party, wurde aber auch Mitglied der sozialistischen Fabian Society. Nach seinem Abschluss übernahm er die Funktion des Generalsekretärs der 1899 neu eröffneten Ruskin Hall, dem heutigen Ruskin College, der University of Oxford. Deren Gründer John Ruskin zielte speziell auf die Bildung der Arbeiterklasse ab, aber die Unzufriedenheit der Studenten über das Fehlen eines eindeutig "sozialistischen" Ansatzes wuchs, was im Studentenstreik von 1909 gipfelte. Aus diesem Grund waren Klassenverbesserung und Bildung ein besonderes Ziel dieser Agitation. Aber zu diesem Zeitpunkt war seine tägliche Rolle im Ruskin College bereits eingeschränkt, da er zwischen 1906 mit Unterbrechungen bis zu seinem Tode 1941 zugleich als Dozenten für öffentliche Verwaltung an der London School of Economics (LSE) tätig war. Daneben war er zwischen 1907 und 1909 Vorsitzender des Exekutivkomitees des Ruskin College und fungierte zeitweise auch als Chefberater für Studien sowie als Vice-Principal.

1909 besuchte er Bombay, um Ratschläge zum Unterrichten von Wirtschaftswissenschaften zu geben, und übernahm nach seiner Rückkehr zwischen 1909 und 1910 die Professur am Lehrstuhl für öffentliche Verwaltung an der University of Bristol. Er schrieb neben India and the tariff problem (1909) eine Reihe von Werken, von denen Second Chambers in Theory and Practice (1923), die für ein vom Unterhaus auf der Grundlage der Verhältniswahl gewähltes Oberhaus plädierten, vielleicht das umfangreichste war.

Unterhausabgeordneter und Erster Weltkrieg

Bei der Unterhauswahl vom 15. Januar bis 10. Februar 1910 wurde Smith für die Liberal Party im Wahlkreis Northampton, der damals zwei Abgeordnete stellte, erstmals Mitglied des Unterhauses (House of Commons) und bei der Unterhauswahl vom 3. bis 19. Dezember 1910 wiedergewählt. Im Unterhaus trat er bald als ziemlich radikal auf und unterstützte die Verstaatlichung bestimmter Kernindustrien wie der Eisenbahn sowie die Landreform und einen Mindestlohn für bestimmte Arbeiterklassen. Doch mit Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkrieges am 28. Juli 1914 änderten sich die Dinge. Smith wurde wie zahlreiche Unterhausabgeordnete der Liberal Party und der Labour Party Mitglied der neu gegründeten Union of Democratic Control (UDC), die darauf abzielte, die Politikgestaltung so zu reformieren, dass die "Geheimdiplomatie" der Vergangenheit angehörte.

Im September 1915 trat er der British Army bei und erreichte zuletzt den Rang eines Unteroffiziers (Corporal). Dieser Wechsel in die Streitkräfte machte ihn nicht einzigartig unter den UDC-Mitgliedern, sondern zeigte eher einen der vielfältigen Wege auf, die von progressiven Liberalen der UDC während des Ersten Weltkrieges eingeschlagen wurden. Die Beteiligung an der UDC sowie die zunehmend illiberalen Aspekte der Politik der aufeinanderfolgenden Regierungen unter der Führung der liberalen Premierminister H. H. Asquith und David Lloyd George, verstärkten Smiths Unzufriedenheit mit seiner Partei. Im Mai 1916 wandte er sich in der Uniform eines Gefreiten vor dem Unterhaus gegen die Einführung der Wehrpflicht. Im Mai 1917 rief er das Unterhaus zu einem Kompromissfrieden auf, eh er schließlich im März 1918 glaubte, dass nur die Labour Party eine akzeptable Friedenspolitik habe.

Wahlniederlagen und Wiederwahlen ins Unterhaus

Bei der Unterhauswahl am 14. Dezember 1918 entschied sich Hastings Smith als unabhängiger Radikaler im Wahlkreis Don Valley in Yorkshire zu kandidieren. Er unterlag dabei aber dem Kandidaten der National Democratic and Labour Party, John Walton, mit 3.868 Stimmen (29,3 Prozent) zu 6.095	Stimmen (46,2 Prozent). Sein Bruch mit den Liberalen wurde 1919 vollendet, als er der Labour Party beitrat. Im Januar 1920 schloss er sich anderen ehemaligen Liberalen wie Arthur Ponsonby und Charles Trevelyan, 3. Baronet an, indem er einen Aufruf an ehemalige Liberale veröffentlichte, bei der Nachwahl (By-election) am 12. Februar 1920 im Wahlkreis Paisley gegen Asquith zu stimmen. Hintergrund war, dass der frühere Premierminister Asquith, der immer noch Führer der Liberal Party war, bei der Unterhauswahl am 14. Dezember 1918 ebenfalls sein Mandat im Unterhaus verloren hatte. Bei der aufgrund des Todes des bisherigen liberalen Wahlkreisinhaber John McCallum am 10. Januar 1920 notwendig gewordenen Nachwahl im Wahlkreis Paisley konnte sich H. H. Asquith allerdings mit 14.736 Stimmen (48,4 Prozent) und einem Zuwachs von 14,4 Prozentpunkten deutlich gegen den Kandidaten der Labour and Co-operative Party John McLaren Biggar durchsetzen, auf den 11.902	Stimmen (39,1 Prozent) durchsetzen.

Lees-Smith gewann bei der Unterhauswahl am 15. November 1922 für die Labour Party den Sitz im Unterhaus für den Wahlkreis Keighley in Yorkshire. Obwohl er den Sitz im folgenden Jahr bei der Unterhauswahl am 6. Dezember 1923 mit 14.083 Stimmen (49,1 Prozent) zu 14.609	Stimmen (50,9 Prozent) knapp an den Liberalen Robert Pilkington verlor, gewann er ihn bei der Unterhauswahl am 29. Oktober 1924 mit 14.105 Stimmen (45 Prozent) zurück. Seine Niederlage 1923 disqualifizierte ihn von einem Amt in der von Premierminister Ramsay MacDonald am 23. Januar 1924 gebildeten ersten Labour-Minderheitsregierung. Allerdings wurde er nach seiner Wiederwahl ins Unterhaus wurde er zu einer der bedeutenderen zweitrangigen Persönlichkeiten der Parliamentary Labour Party (PLP) und wurde ab 1924 jedes Jahr in deren Exekutivkomitee gewählt. 1924 wurde er zudem Lektor an der London School of Economics. Er zementierte weiter seine Rolle in der Arbeiterbewegung, indem er ab 1925 Vorstand der politischen Wochenzeitung New Statesman. In dieser Funktion war er maßgeblich daran beteiligt, die Zeitung zu einer deutlicher Labour-freundlichen Linie zu drängen und die Ernennung von George Douglas Howard Cole als Nachfolger von Chefredakteur Clifford Sharp 1929 zu blockieren, woraufhin stattdessen Kingsley Martin ernannt wurde und das Amt des Chefredakteurs von 1930 bis 1960 bekleidete.

Postminister und Bildungsminister im zweiten Kabinett MacDonald sowie Wahlniederlage 1931

Hastings Lees-Smith wurde für die Labour Party bei der Unterhauswahl am 30. Mai 1929 im Wahlkreis Keighley mit 18.412 Stimmen (44,7 Prozent) erneut zum Mitglied des House of Commons gewählt. Als die Premierminister Ramsey MacDonald daraufhin am 8. Juni 1929 die zweite Labour-Minderheitsregierung bildete, erreichte Bertie Lees-Smith trotz seiner herausragenden Stellung innerhalb der PLP nicht sofort einen Kabinettsrang. Es scheint, dass sich seine Beziehungen zu MacDonald seit ihren UDC-Tagen etwas abgekühlt hatten, nicht zuletzt wegen Lees-Smiths fortgesetztem Befürworten einer Kapitalabgabe in Form einer Vermögenssteuer (wealth tax) und anschließend einer Zuschlagssteuer (surtax), lange nachdem MacDonald entschieden hatte, dass es sich um Wahlverbindlichkeiten handelte.

Lees-Smith wurde stattdessen am 7. Juni 1929 zum Generalpostmeister (Postmaster-General) ernannt. Der unerwartete Rücktritt von Charles Trevelyan, 3. Baronet als Bildungsminister (President of the Board of Education) am 2. März 1931 führte dazu, dass Lees-Smith zu dessen Nachfolger ernannt wurde. Zugleich wurde er am 5. März 1931 auch zum Mitglied des Geheimen Kronrates (Privy Council) ernannt. Aber der Kontext war unglücklich: Labours eine eindeutige Politik, das Schulabgangsalter anzuheben, war von ihren eigenen katholischen Hinterbänklern und dem Oberhaus (House of Lords) effektiv zerstört worden, und die anhaltende Weltwirtschaftskrise bedeutete, dass der Hauptdruck auf Lees-Smith darin lag, die Ausgaben zu kürzen. Obwohl er sich so gut wie möglich dagegen wehrte, musste auch er während der Krise im August 1931 Kürzungen hinnehmen. Bei der schicksalhaften Kabinettssitzung, die am 25. August 1931 zum Sturz der Regierung führte, scheint er die Forderung nach einer Kürzung des Arbeitslosengeldes (unemployment benefits) unterstützt zu haben. Aber nach MacDonalds Bildung der zur ersten Nationalregierung am 25. August 1931 wurde er in die PLP-Exekutive gewählt und gehörte ihrem wirtschaftspolitischen Komitee an. Bei der Unterhauswahl am 27. Oktober 1931 wurde er jedoch in seinem Wahlkreis Keighley in der Erdrutsch-Niederlage der bisherigen Nationalregierung schwer besiegt und unterlag dem Gegenkandidaten von der Conservative Party, George Harvie-Watt, mit 13.192 Stimmen (31,9 Prozent) zu 19.079 Stimmen (46,2 Prozent) deutlich.

Wiederwahl ins Unterhaus 1935 und Oppositionsführer von 1940 bis 1941

Nach seiner Wahlniederlage kehrte Lees-Smith zur Vollzeitarbeit als Lektor an der LSE zurück. In der Politik blieb er jedoch sehr aktiv und nahm zwischen September und Dezember 1931 an der zweiten Britisch-Indischen Round-Table-Konferenz in London teil. Später war er Mitglied des XYZ Clubs, einer geheimen Gruppierung von Ökonomen, Bankern, Geschäftsleuten und Politikern, die darauf abzielte, Labour mit einer überzeugenderen Wirtschaftspolitik für die Zukunft auszustatten und dessen Sekretär der spätere Schatzkanzler und Führer der Labour Party Hugh Gaitskell war. Er blieb jedoch in seiner Einstellung im Wesentlichen gemäßigt-orthodox und stand der Labour-Linken kritisch gegenüber.

Bei der Unterhauswahl am 14. November 1935 kandidierte Hastings Lees-Smith wieder im Wahlkreis Keighley und gewann diesen mit 20.124 Stimmen (50,5 Prozent) und einem Zuwachs von 18,6 Prozentpunkten vom Konservativen George Harvie-Watt zurück, auf den diesmal 19.756 Stimmen (49,5 Prozent) entfielen. Daraufhin wurde er sofort wieder in den Vorstand der PLP gewählt. Er interessierte sich weiterhin für die Bildungspolitik der Partei und hatte sich 1939 gegen das Auswahlprinzip in der Sekundarstufe ausgesprochen. Sein Hauptaugenmerk lag jedoch zunehmend auf Verteidigungsangelegenheiten und 1937 war er maßgeblich daran beteiligt, die Linie der PLP dahingehend zu ändern, dass sie sich bei den Beratungen zum Verteidigungshaushalt der Stimme enthielt anstatt dagegen zu stimmen. 1938 verteilte er 40 britische Pässe an deutsche Juden in Frankfurt am Main und half so bei deren Flucht. Als am 1. September 1939 der Zweite Weltkrieg ausbrach, wurde er im Namen der Labour-Opposition zum Verbindungsmann beim Kriegsminister Leslie Hore-Belisha ernannt.

In den Debatten innerhalb der Labour-Führung zur Zeit der Norwegendebatte im Mai 1940 war Lees-Smith einer der führenden Befürworter der Entscheidung, das Unterhaus zu teilen, was am 10. Mai 1940 zum Sturz der Regierung von Premierminister Neville Chamberlain führte. In die darauf folgende Regierung von Premierminister Winston Churchill nicht berufen. Da aber der Labour-Führer Clement Attlee als Lordsiegelbewahrer der Regierung angehörte, wurde Lees-Smith zum amtierenden Vorsitzenden der PLP-Fraktion gewählt und war damit vom 22. Mai 1940 bis zu seinem Tode am 18. Dezember 1941 als Leader of the Opposition Oppositionsführer im Unterhaus. Die Position war parlamentarisch wichtig, und er füllte sie mit ruhiger Kompetenz aus.

Als jedoch der Winter 1941 näher rückte, erlag er zunehmend seinem Asthma, das ihn sein ganzes Leben lang geplagt hatte, und er starb am 18. Dezember 1941 in seinem Haus, 77 Corringham Road, Golders Green, Middlesex, nach einem Grippeanfall. Lees-Smith wurde am 22. Dezember im Golders Green Krematorium eingeäschert. Der damalige Minister für wirtschaftliche Kriegsführung Hugh Dalton, nicht bekannt für seine Großzügigkeit gegenüber Kollegen, bemerkte, dass Lees-Smith "ein erstklassiger Kollege gewesen war, vernünftig, ausgeglichen, freundlich, ohne Anzeichen von Bitterkeit, Neid oder Egoismus" ('a first-class colleague, sensible, balanced, kindly, with no sign of bitterness, envy or egoism').

Aus seiner am 5. November 1915 geschlossenen Ehe mit Joyce Eleanor Holman, zweite Tochter von Sidney Herbert Holman, gingen zwei Söhne hervor.

Veröffentlichungen
 India and the tariff problem (1909)
 Studies in Indian economics a series of lectures delivered for the Government of Bombay (1909)
 The Finance of the Home Rule Bill (1912)
 Second Chambers in Theory and Practice (1923)
 A Guide to parliamentary and official papers (1924)
 posthum
 The encyclopaedia of the labour movement (1971)

Hintergrundliteratur
 H. Dalton: The fateful years. Memoirs, 1931–1945 (1957)
 B. Simon: The politics of educational reform, 1920–1940 (1974)
 P. Yorke: Education and the working class. Ruskin College, 1899–1909 (1977)
 E. Durbin: New Jerusalems. The labour party and the economics of democratic socialism (1985)
 B. Pimlott (Herausgeber): The Second World War diary of Hugh Dalton, 1940–1945 (1986)
 K. Jefferys: Labour and the wartime coalition. From the diaries of James Chuter Ede, 1941–1945 (1987)
 D. Tanner: Political change and the labour party, 1910–18 (1990)
 A. Thorpe: The British general election of 1931 (1991)
 Joyce M. Bellamy, David E. Martin, John Saville: Dictionary of Labour Biography, Volume IX, Band 9, S. 175 ff. (1993) (Onlineversion)
 S. Harris Out of control. British foreign policy and the Union of Democratic Control, 1914–1918 (1996)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Bildungsminister (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Postmaster General (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Mitglied des Privy Council (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Abgeordneter des House of Commons (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Labour-Mitglied
Politiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Brite
Geboren 1878
Gestorben 1941
Mann


A little over a year ago, I make a quilt for two friends as a wedding gift; I named the quilt Stargazer. These friends spend a lot of time outdoors camping and rock climbing each year. Both of our friends are born in early to mid December, making them both Sagittarians. I found a beautiful pattern on Spoonflower of a fierce Sagittarius, so I used that custom printed fabric for the backing of their quilt.
Well, here we are a bit over a year later in the month of December, and our Sagittarius friends are having birthdays. In fact, today is Paisley's birthday. Paisley is a fantastic yoga instructor, and she is a fierce friend. One week ago from today, her husband, Aaron, celebrated his birthday. For Aaron's birthday, I baked some homemade chocolate chip cookies and shipped them off to him (he and my husband work closely together making my husband the perfect delivery man for some of my gifting)! Aaron reached out to me in November, and we hatched a plan to create some beautiful custom placemats for Paisley. It was a fast and fun collaboration: Aaron knows that Paisley loves batiks and it was easy for him to select fabrics he knew she would love. He left the design and implementation up to me after he purchased the fabric. Perfection!
I really love how closely the EQ5 designs match to the final quilted items when using the fabric images for design. The concept above is the same as the placemat top in the upper left hand corner of the image below. I ventured to make a square in a square block as the center piece for each placemat. It was by far more time consuming to create the 6 square in a square blocks than it was do do the rest of the piecing for the placemats!
There was about a half yard of one fabric left over (it was the end of a bolt and thus more than was ordered arrived – yay). And there was about a fat quarter of each of the other fabrics remaining. I used the left over fabrics to assemble 6 different sized simple drawstring bags for Paisley to use for future gifting or whatever else she might need.
I especially love the binding fabric for the placemats – it is the perfect red / purple blender and it works well with each unique color combination, I think.
I quilted the 3 red placemats with a red 50wt Mettler cotton thread, and the 3 purple placemats with a variegated purple YLI thread on Olive (needle full to the left, and no dropped stitches!). I used the same repeated spiral / loop pattern as the quilting design across all 6 placemats.
This weekend, we were lucky enough to be able to celebrate with both Aaron and Paisley at Joshua Tree National Park. It was wonderful to hang out with them and their close friends and family, and it was fun to gift the placemats to Paisley in person! It was also great to get some time out and away from home in nature.
We walked about 3 miles on Saturday from our campsite up into Rattlesnake Canyon and back. In the canyon we scampered up among granite boulders and climbed about 2/3rds of the way up a canyon to sit in the setting sun before heading back to the campground for dinner and evening birthday festivities.
On Sunday morning we walked back into the canyon again, but this time for probably only a mile round trip. We tried a different route but ended up a bit more stymied by larger boulders that were harder to figure out how to climb up and over. On the way out of the canyon and just before getting into the car to drive home, I found this large lizard enjoying the warmth of the sun and paused to enjoy a bit of the solar energy while watching him, myself.
I hope that in the few remaining days before Christmas and the new year you are able to find moments of peace to pause, reflect, and enjoy the warmth of the sun on your own skin.
You must have had a wonderful weekend!!
Lovely placemats! The fabric choices are terrific and it was so nice for you to be able to use the leftover fabric to make those little bags. Sounds like you had a wonderful weekend outdoors and were able to enjoy some calm during this crazy busy time of year.
Your placemats turned out beautiful! I love those fabrics together. And your rock scampering adventure sounds like a lot of fun, lizard and all.
Placemats are wonderful~love how you do things that are similar, but not matchy-matchy! Happy Holidays to you and yours, Yvonne!
I love the name Paisley, I totally voted for that (and was immediately vetoed, haha). The placemats turned out great! Glad Olive was cooperative in quilting them for you.
Beautiful setting to enjoy wonderful friends and birthday celebration. The place mats are terrific — hope your friends loved t too.
WOW that is an awesome gift set for your friend – you did an amazing job!!!!!! Those fabrics are so rich and saturated – they're just gorgeous 🙂 Have you tried paper piecing? It might have made the square in a square blocks go faster – it's the only way I can get actual sharp points, lol! Cute lizard, btw!
Those drawstring bags were an excellent use of the leftovers. What a great addition to the beautiful placemats.
Nice placemats and your trip must have been fab! Lovely pics!
No dropped stitches on Olive?! Hurrah! That is one technical hitch of a long-arm machine: they are a bit of overkill for something as small as placemats.
They indeed turned out great and glad you had a nice little getaway!
Aaaah! My machine is named Olive! Not a longarm, but I still love her!
Great placemats, and I love the bags with them. Your weekend looks amazing, seems very strange that you're enjoying such dry, warm weather!


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Charles Fergus
Thoughts/
Charles Fergus is the author of "A Stranger Here Below," the first novel in a historical mystery series set in the 1830s in central Pennsylvania. His main character, Gideon Stoltz, is a Pennsylvania Dutch sheriff who solves murders and other violent crimes.
A Stranger Here Below: A Gideon Stoltz Mystery
by Charles Fergus
It's 1835 in Adamant, Pennsylvania. Twenty-two-year-old sheriff Gideon Stoltz faces his first real challenge when his friend and mentor, the respected judge Hiram Biddle, commits suicide. Gideon is regarded with suspicion: he's new to town, and Pennsylvania Dutch in the backcountry Scotch-Irish settlement. And he found the judge's body.
Gideon's quest to learn why Judge Biddle killed himself takes him down a dangerous path into the town's past. Soon, a murder rocks Adamant. Is it linked in some way to the judge's death? As Gideon investigates, he must relive the trauma of his own mother's murder, a crime that remains unsolved.
A Stranger Here Below is the first in a new historical mystery series featuring Sheriff Gideon Stoltz and set in Jacksonian America.
"Deeply imagined and intricately plotted, A Stranger Here Below marries richly textured historical fiction with the urgency of a mystery novel." – Geraldine Brooks, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of March
"A dark, engrossing tale that introduces a decent, sympathetic hero. The novel's special strength is its imaginative saturation in the community of Adamant, a violent, haunted place of dreams and visions, a place as hard and unforgiving as its name." – Castle Freeman, Jr., author of The Devil in the Valley
"A cracking good mystery, and a window to the time when our young country was a wild and treacherous place." – Scott Weidensaul, author of The First Frontier
"With luminous and deftly sketched prose, Fergus takes us into an American past that is both deeply familiar and utterly strange." – Jeffrey Lent, author of Lost Nation
"Imbued with Michael Connelly's gumshoe skills and the vivid historical descriptions of Charles Frazier. . . Fergus displays a deft touch in detailing the rough-and-tumble life of 19th-century America." – Brad Smith, author of the Virgil Cain mysteries
"The kind of mystery Lee Child would have Jack Reacher tackle if he placed a story in the 1830s." – Michael McMenamin, author of The Liebold Protocol
Charles Fergus has written nineteen books, most of them about nature and wildlife, and one previous novel. Learn more.
ABOUT AUTHOR CHARLES FERGUS — PHOTO BY ELISE SKALWOLD
Books by Charles Fergus
Thoughts and Writings by Charles Fergus
Charles Fergus — Events Schedule


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Sports | May 4, 2020 8:54 am
"The Last Dance" Recap: The Dream Team, Jerry Seinfeld and MJ's Gambling
Plus an "exhausted" Jordan grows sick of the media scrutiny
Episodes 5 and 6 of "The Last Dance" see Jordan growing sick of the media spotlight. (Photo by Focus on Sport/Getty Images)
By Bonnie Stiernberg @aahrealbonsters
It's not easy being Michael Jordan. That, of course, should be painfully obvious for a number of reasons, but episodes 5 and 6 of The Last Dance go out of their way to highlight one in particular. This installment focuses on the media scrutiny Jordan faced — how his golden-boy, "Be Like Mike" image took a few hits after the revelations in Sam Smith's The Jordan Rules, his refusal to take a political stance and a few incidents that brought his gambling habit to light.
In some ways, these episodes felt like a bridge to major events we know must be coming later on — the murder of Jordan's father in July of 1993 and the announcement of his first retirement three months after that tragedy. Yet they manage to stand on their own as fascinating behind-the-scenes looks at Jordan at various periods of his career, including his time on The Dream Team and a memorable All-Star appearance with Kobe Bryant. With that in mind, these are the highlights from the fifth and sixth episodes.
"That little Lakers boy"
Episode 5 begins with a dedication to the late Kobe Bryant, and it features plenty of behind-the-scenes footage from the '98 All-Star Game — believed at the time to be Jordan's final All-Star appearance, while a 19-year-old Bryant was making his debut as the youngest All-Star in NBA history. It feels quaint now, and a little sad of course, to hear the way Jordan was talking about him in the locker room: "That little Lakers boy is gonna take everybody one-on-one," he says. "He don't let the game come to him. He just go out there and take it." At the end of the game, Jordan tells Bryant the obvious: "I'll see you down the road."
The episode also features a brief interview segment in which Bryant refers to Jordan as "like my big brother," and he recalls how MJ was always willing to answer his questions and offer advice, noting that that's why he has always resented the debates over whether or not he'd be able to beat Jordan one-on-one. "What you get from me is from him," he explains in the doc. "I don't get five championships here without him because he guided me so much, and gave me so much great advice."
Damn, Kobe in The Last Dance is hitting me 😢 pic.twitter.com/Tk6GGHBpud
— Ev Singleton (@EvGuyBoston) May 4, 2020
Jordan's infamous "Republicans buy sneakers too" comment was made "in jest"
"Republicans buy sneakers, too" is perhaps one of the most memorable quotes of Michael Jordan's career, a seemingly selfish explanation for why the biggest sports star in the world opted to remain apolitical and failed to endorse African-American Democratic candidate Harvey Gantt over known racist Jesse Helms in North Carolina's 1990 Senate race. In The Last Dance, Jordan explains that the comment was taken out of context, and he refuses to walk it back. "I don't think that statement needs to be corrected because I said it in jest on a bus with Horace Grant and Scottie Pippen," Jordan says. "It was thrown off the cuff. My mother asked to do a PSA for Harvey Gantt, and I said, 'Look, Mom, I'm not speaking out of pocket about someone that I don't know. But I will send a contribution to support him.' Which is what I did."
Jordan also defended his decision to not speak out politically during his career. "I do commend Muhammad Ali for standing up for what he believed in," he said. "But I never thought of myself as an activist. I thought of myself as a basketball player. I wasn't a politician when I was playing my sport. I was focused on my craft. Was that selfish? Probably. But that was my energy. That's where my energy was."
The segment also featured the return of Barack Obama — who, as some keen-eyed viewers noticed, was referred to this time as "President Barack Obama" instead of "former Chicago resident." ""I'll be honest, when it was reported that Michael said, 'Republicans buy sneakers, too' — for somebody who was at that time preparing for a career in civil rights law and knowing what Jesse Helms stood for, you would've wanted to see Michael push harder on that," Obama says in the doc. "On the other hand, he was still trying to figure out, 'How am I managing this image that has been created around me, and how do I live up to it?'"
Jordan's gambling problem — er, "competition problem"
While the comment about Republicans and sneakers was already chipping away slightly at Jordan's role-model image, his notorious gambling habit would ultimately do more damage there, and Episode 6 chronicles his controversial trip to Atlantic City with his father the night before the Bulls lost Game 2 of the 1993 Eastern Conference finals to Knicks. It also introduces MJ's connection to golf hustler Slim Bouler in the form of a signed $57,000 check — which Jordan eventually admitted was to settle a gambling debt — and his decision to stop talking to the media for two weeks in '93 after they began to wonder whether he had a problem.
Eventually, as we see in archival footage, he sat down with Connie Chung and insisted the answer to that question was "no." "No, because I can stop gambling," he said. "I have a competition problem, a competitive problem."
"I never bet on games. I only bet on myself, and that was golf," present-day Jordan insists in the doc. "Do I like to play blackjack? Yeah, I like playing blackjack. There's no laws with that. The league did call me, and they asked me questions about it, and I told them exactly what was happening."
David Stern also appears in the episode to put any conspiracy theories to rest, saying, "Michael was betting on his golf game — larger numbers than you or I might bet if we played golf together. But given his earnings and the like, it just never reached epic, crisis levels in my view."
Of course, in addition to those "larger numbers," The Last Dance goes out of its way to show us behind-the-scenes footage of Jordan placing modest bets with just about everyone he encountered, including this delightful security guard, who ruthlessly recreated Jordan's iconic shrug from the '92 Finals after defeating him.
The real MVP#TheLastDance pic.twitter.com/cFzzdGOSYj
— The Ringer (@ringer) May 4, 2020
The Dream Team beat up on Toni Kukoč because of Pippen and Jordan's beef with Jerry Krause
If you know anything about the Dream Team, you know that the '92 Olympic team absolutely destroyed its competition, winning every single game by over 30 points. But Episode 5 of The Last Dance reveals that Team USA's routs of Croatia in their first meeting and in the gold medal game were personal, thanks to Scottie Pippen and Michael Jordan's feelings about their eventual Bulls teammate Toni Kukoč
Kukoč had been drafted by the Bulls in 1990 but elected to remain in Europe for a few more years, and Pippen and Jordan were both irked by Jerry Krause referring to him as the future of the franchise, so Jordan instructed his teammates to "leave him for Scottie and me," and the rest, as they say, is history.
"Toni Kukoč became a great teammate and I love Toni Kukoč for who he is," Jordan says. "But the way he was introduced to me and Scottie, I didn't appreciate that. It had drove my energy."
"Jerry paved a way for a lot of hell for Toni Kukoč," Pippen adds in the doc. "Not only was it me and Michael, but every guy on the Olympic team looked at that kid and felt like he may not even think about coming to the NBA after he played against us. It wasn't anything personally about Toni, but we were gonna do everything that we could to make Jerry look bad."
Other Dream Team revelations from the episode include the fact that Jordan wasn't the only one who didn't want Isiah Thomas on the team (Pippen and Magic Johnson also had beef with the Piston) and some context behind the team's legendary scrimmage in Monte Carlo, believed to be the greatest game of basketball ever played.
Some of the legendary, near-mythical Dream Team practice footage! #TheLastDance pic.twitter.com/PjkUYv8SJ9
— Awful Announcing (@awfulannouncing) May 4, 2020
What's the deal with Jerry Seinfeld in the locker room?
It was a brief moment in The Last Dance, but I can't stop thinking about this locker room visit from Jerry Seinfeld.
Jerry Seinfeld in the locker room with MJ is the best scene so far in #LastDance especially when he pointed to a play on the chalkboard and said it's not gonna work pic.twitter.com/22cRARmSqY
— Icculus The Brave (@FirenzeMike) May 4, 2020
Everything about it is perfect: the awkward "Hi, Phil" from Seinfeld to Phil Jackson, the faces Jordan pulls as he picks up on that awkwardness, the way Seinfeld taps a play on the board and says "that won't work" as he walks away. The way Jordan points to a few trainers in the room and says "they watch Seinfeld all the time" is exquisite; he, of course, would never admit it to Seinfeld if he was a fan himself. It is painfully obvious that this is Jerry Seinfeld meeting him, not vice versa. Nevertheless, I can't stop wondering now whether Jordan has ever actually seen an episode of Seinfeld. (I'm leaning towards no, but imagining him watching "The Contest" is too good to rule out entirely.)
Jordan was "exhausted" after the first three-peat
Episode 6 wraps up with the Bulls completing their first three-peat by defeating Charles Barkley and the Phoenix Suns. "That was probably the first time in my life that I felt like there was a better basketball player in the world than me," Barkley recalls in the episode. "I have no problem losing to Michael. Losing to Michael, there's no shame in that. Sports are like a gunfight. And we lost to the fastest gun."
That may have been the case, but The Last Dance also highlights Jordan's growing weariness at the time and hints at his first retirement. "Physically, I was getting exhausted," he says. "But mentally, I was way past exhausted. When you try to do something repetitively, you lose some of the hunger, some of the edge."
Of course, we already know what happened next; don't be surprised if we see Jordan in a baseball uniform in Episode 7.
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August 4, 2020 admin 0 Comments
Bradford City Hall nearly back to normal after hacking
By MARCIE SCHELLHAMMER
Bradford City Hall has been up and running all week after the ransomware attack last weekend. Mayor Tom Riel said Friday the replacement computers are in place.
"The computers are fully operational with just a few minor details to be worked out in the coming days," he said. "We didn't lose any information because it was stored in the cloud."
While the city's data was not jeopardized in the attack, 9 of the 11 desktop computers in city hall were destroyed.
Riel had reported at the beginning of the week that city workers reporting to work Monday morning went to turn on their computers, but they didn't work.
The city's IT company, Omnis Technologies, which has held the contract since 2018, found the Harmah ransomware virus had infiltrated the city's server.
"The attack occurred sometime Sunday and basically rendered our system inoperable (Monday)," Riel said. He reported that no data was breached, but it was encrypted by the virus and the hackers demanded a payoff to restore the data.
Fortunately, that wasn't necessary, as the data was all backed up securely on the cloud network.
Since the attack, "The city did take steps to have additional equipment installed to protect exposure of our internal computers with any such virus," Riel said.
He mentioned, too, that the city was fortunate in that they were able to purchase refurbished computers to replace the ones that were impacted by the virus.
"The total out of pocket cost to the city was roughly $2,500," the mayor explained. "We have a yearly contract for IT support so there has been no additional charge for that.
"All in all we came out of this relatively unscathed compared to what the consequences could have been had the city not been prepared for this," Riel added.
City police are working with state and federal authorities to try to determine the source of the virus.
Attacks such as this one have become more frequent recently. The Wyoming Area School District in Luzerne County paid a hacker $38,000 to recover data from a similar encryption virus over the summer.
Estimates are that more than 500 school districts have been attacked this year. Within the past few days, the North Carolina State Bar Association has also been attacked.
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"Shoot all the bluejays you want, if you can hit 'em, but remember it's a sin to kill a mockingbird."
A lawyer's advice to his children as he defends the real mockingbird of Harper Lee's classic novel--a black man charged with the rape of a white girl. Through the young eyes of Scout and Jem Finch, Harper Lee explores with rich humor and unswerving honesty the irrationality of adult attitudes toward race and class in the Deep South of the 1930s. The conscience of a town steeped in prejudice, violence, and hypocrisy is pricked by the stamina and quiet heroism of one man's struggle for justice--but the weight of history will only tolerate so much.
One of the best-loved classics of all time, To Kill a Mockingbird has earned many distinctions since its original publication in 1960. It has won the Pulitzer Prize, been translated into more than forty languages, sold more than thirty million copies worldwide, and been made into an enormously popular movie. Most recent, librarians across the country gave the book the highest of honors by voting it the best novel of the century (Library Journal).
HarperCollins is proud to celebrate the anniversary of the book's publication with this special hardcover edition.
Publisher: New York : HarperCollins, 1999, c1988
Edition: 40th anniversary ed. --
Branch Call Number: FIC Lee 3558ad 1
Characteristics: 323 p
List - Quinlyn's List
PerthEastLibrary May 06, 2017
Tough read but it was worth it.
List - Freedom to Read Week
WPPL_Sherri Feb 26, 2019
Challenged for offensive language and objectionable content.
List - Freedom to Read - Challenged Works
PerthEastLibrary Feb 21, 2019
In 1991, an Afro-Canadian organization called PRUDE (Pride of Race, Unity and Dignity through Education) in Saint John, N.B., sought to remove Lee's Pulitzer Prize–winning novel and Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn from school reading lists. PRUDE disliked the portrayal of racial minor... Read More »
List - Your literary romantic match is: SHEN TAI
SPL_Robyn Jun 30, 2017
Atticus Finch. 'Nuff said.
List - Be a Rebel - read a banned book
spl_teens Sep 16, 2014
Reason: offensive language, racism, unsuited to age group
Read more reviews of To Kill A Mockingbird at iDreamBooks.com
Age Suitability (33)
RDJohannes Jul 07, 2019
This is one of several novels I have read in the past couple of years as I generally read only documented history! After reading, I took the opportunity to watch (in entirity) the acclaimed movie. The movie is remarkably consistent with the book, a fact unique to many movie works of famous books!
GreenDog2006 Jun 01, 2019
If you haven't read this, please remedy that immediately! And as for "sensitive issues," that's called HISTORY, and we need to read it as it was written to understand that it was real.
murylurvesburks May 03, 2019
It is an amazing book! The storyline is phenomenal! The book does bring up some sensitive subjects ,but it isn't too much.
betsymarzoni Apr 11, 2019
This superbly crafted classic has resonance today still.
baldand Mar 05, 2019
It's impossible to praise this beautiful novel too highly. Just two quick points about it. (Warning: Spoilers ahead!)
First, near the end of the book, Scout narrates: "Jem said he would take me" to a Hallowe'en evening pageant at a high school a short walk from their house. We know that the children in it will appear dressed as different food products of Maycomb County. Scout will be dressed as a ham. What could be more innocuous? This is followed by: "Thus began our longest journey together" which warns the reader that something terrible is about to happen. Thackeray foreshadows in the same way in "Barry Lyndon" but other novelists never do this.
Second, when one of Scout's classmates tells Scout that her father is a radical, Atticus says to his daughter: "You tell Cecil I'm about as radical as Cotton Tom Heflin", a white supremacist Alabama politician. So if "Go Set a Watchman" reveals that Atticus held some racist views, they are already hinted at in "To Kill a Mockingbird". When you think about it, given his milieu, it would have been surprising if Atticus, good man though he was, had been untainted by them.
MrsNikki Feb 28, 2019
Read it in school.. one of those books you will never forget..
kmobuckeye Feb 26, 2019
A classic. One that every child should read.
sonu_n Feb 26, 2019
"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view... Until you climb inside of his skin and walk around in it." Wow, this quote sums it all!
The age where little things become viral news and tolerance is low, we have a lot to learn from this book.
whatcomhillwalker Feb 15, 2019
THEE American Book. Racism, nationalism, corruption, decadence, addiction, gender identity, gender roles, ethics, morals, integrity, innocence, family, responsibility, community, ignorance, intelligence, civic pride, justice, power, the law, blame, and love. All wrapped up in a little endearing tale that still leaves you feeling nostalgic for the simplicity of the whole thing.
jkl8989 Feb 13, 2019
I understand why this is a classic.
rabios Apr 27, 2019
rabios thinks this title is suitable for 12 years and over
blue_dog_31717 Sep 07, 2018
blue_dog_31717 thinks this title is suitable for 10 years and over
jmli Dec 08, 2017
jmli thinks this title is suitable for 12 years and over
green_rabbit_444 Jun 09, 2017
green_rabbit_444 thinks this title is suitable for between the ages of 14 and 99
red_jaguar_905 Apr 05, 2017
red_jaguar_905 thinks this title is suitable for 10 years and over
violet_dog_8583 Dec 29, 2016
violet_dog_8583 thinks this title is suitable for between the ages of 8 and 99
indigo_horse_157 Dec 16, 2016
indigo_horse_157 thinks this title is suitable for between the ages of 9 and 76
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Bacon_Dragon thinks this title is suitable for 10 years and over
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"Atticus said to Jem one day, "I'd rather you shot at tin cans in the backyard, but I know you'll go after birds. Shoot all the blue jays you want, if you can hit 'em, but remember it's a sin to kill a mockingbird." That was the only time I ever heard Atticus say it was a sin to do something, and I asked Miss Maudie about it. "Your father's right," she said. "Mockingbirds don't do one thing except make music for us to enjoy. They don't eat up people's gardens, don't nest in corn cribs, they don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That's why it's a sin to kill a mockingbird."
"Will you take me home?" - Boo Radley
"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view... until you climb into his skin and walk around in it" - Atticus Finch
JM8 Jun 22, 2016
"People generally see what they look for, and hear what they listen for."
jeremiah_5 Jun 22, 2016
This case is as simple as black and white
ANABELLE H. PORTER Jan 21, 2016
He would be there with Jem all night...and he would be there when he woke up in the morning.
FandomQueen Jan 09, 2016
"People in their right minds never take pride in their talents."
Reeana Jul 08, 2015
"Atticus told me to delete the adjectives and I'd have the facts."
"People generally see what they look for, and hear what they listen for."
"Until I feared I would lose it, I never loved to read. One does not love breathing."
View All Quotes
Sexual Content: To Kill a Mocking bird's main story line is a court case over an alleged rape.
britprincess1 Jul 21, 2012
Frightening or Intense Scenes: A few dark scenes (including the trial and the conclusion of the book).
Violence: Depictions of murder, killings, and such. Lots of childhood fights in the schoolyard and the like.
Coarse Language: Lots of coarse language, including racial slurs.
Sexual Content: Outright mentions of rape, as well as implications of incest.
Rinve Jul 17, 2012
Sexual Content: Tom supposedly raping a women( I kind of forgot the name)
olive_bird_01 Jun 13, 2015
Scout Finch (Mary Badham), 6,and her older brother, Jem (Phillip Alford), live in sleepy Maycomb, Ala., spending much of their time with their friend Dill (John Megna) and spying on their reclusive and mysterious neighbor, Boo Radley (Robert Duvall). When Atticus (Gregory Peck), their widowed father and a respected lawyer, defends a black man named Tom Robinson (Brock Peters) against fabricated rape charges, the trial and tangent events expose the children to evils of racism and stereotyping.
riddhi_blue_16 Jun 25, 2014
Jem and Scout who live in Maycomb, Alabama with their father Atticus Finch.
Atticus Finch is a lawyer and he is defending Tom Robinson who is accused of raping Mayella Ewell. Mayella's dad Bob Ewell is a very cruel man who beats up Mayella and blames everything on Tom. Boo Radley in Jem and Scout's neighbor. Everyone thinks Boo killed his own father. One night Jem and Scout were on their way home and were attacked by Bob Ewell and Bob tried to kill Jem and Scout. But Boo Radley saved them by killing Bob Ewell.
Now as Scout dropped Boo Radley home and when she stood on Boo Radley's porch she saw Maycomb through the eyes of Boo Radley. She finally understood why Atticus would always tell her to climb into someones shoes and see the world through their eyes.
kcsnowden8 Jul 18, 2012
In this story, the life of a young girl is interrupted with the trial and sentencing of a black man who her father has chosen to defend. It paints a vivid portrait of life in the south, justice, and innocence.
EPLPicks_Teen Apr 07, 2010
Scout's father defends a black man accused of raping a white woman in a small Alabama town during the 1930s.
FavouriteFiction Oct 06, 2009
In the 1930's, a southern lawyer defends a black man wrongly accused of rape.
Fathers and Daughters — Southern States — Fiction
Trials (Rape) — Southern States — Fiction
Girls — Southern States — Fiction
Legal Stories
Southern States — Race Relations — Fiction
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Google Introduces Cloud Memorystore Beta
Keeping your DR Plan from Becoming a Disaster
A Couple of Tips For Ransomware Defense for Disaster Recovery
Michael Otey |
Just like Harry Potter had to learn new skills in his defense against the dark arts studies, today's IT administrators need to add new and improved defenses to protect your businesses from the ever-growing threat of ransomware. With traditional disaster recovery, the administrator was mainly concerned with recovering from a hardware or software failure or sometimes in extreme cases, from a natural disaster or site failure. While that's all certainly still valid, there's little doubt that exposure to a ransomware attack can leave your business every bit as inoperable as if the servers and OS had failed; the security firm Malwarebytes estimates that ransomware attacks increased more than 90 percent from 2016 to 2017.
Several recent high profile ransomware attacks serve to highlight the dangers of a ransomware infestation; notably, the ransomware attack that crippled the city of Atlanta for several days shows that ransomware isn't just restricted to hospitals or Eastern European countries that still run Windows 7.
The Atlanta attack in March of 2018 left 8000 city employees without access to their systems for several days. Atlanta was hit by ransomware named SamSam and they were asked for a ransom of approximately $50,000 worth of bitcoin. They refused to pay the ransom and brought in eight different security firms to assist with ransomware cleanup efforts as their email, financial software, CRM and other vital city services were inaccessible. Overall, it's estimated that the city of Atlanta spent $2.6 M to recover from the attack and their key services were inaccessible for almost five days. In their case, the SamSam ransomware attack clearly resulted in a DR scenario where major system recovery was required.
They say that knowing is half of the battle and when you understand the dangers of ransomware and how it spreads, you can begin to protect your business from it. Some of the steps that businesses should take to help defend themselves from ransomware attacks include:
Back up your data – Backups are the foundation of your data protection strategy and having a set of archived backups will ensure that you have a copy of your data before it was infected with ransomware.
Keep your computer operating systems updated – Most malware and ransomware exploit known system vulnerabilities. Keeping your systems current with supported operating system and security updates will stop most attacks.
Use antivirus software – Updates are important but running antivirus software is also required to make sure that you have protection from known malware and ransomware.
User training – Your users are your first line of defense. Educating them on the nature of malware and ransomware can help prevent the initial infection. Many ransomware attacks are spread through phishing emails that entice users to click on them thereby executing the initial malware attack.
Beyond these preventative steps, certain changes to your backup protocols can help ensure that your backups remain ransomware free. Using air-gapped backups where your backup archives are physically separated and separately secured from your on-line network can ensure that you have a backup copy that is not corrupted by any potential ransomware attack. The physical separation ensures that network scans cannot reach the backups and a different set of security credentials prevents access from even privileged AD accounts.
Michael Otey
Michael Otey is president of TECA, a technical content production, consulting and software development company in Portland,
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