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Yinghua mountain
Yinghua mountain is located 37 kilometers northwest of Shifang City, Deyang City, Sichuan Province, 98 kilometers away from Chengdu. In 1986, it was designated as the first batch of provincial-level scenic spots, with a landscape area of 106 square kilometers. The highest altitude of the area is 3900 meters, and the lowest altitude is 871 meters. The whole scenic spot is a combination of "majestic, strange, tough and beautiful". The unique topography and landform form the magnificent and wonderful meteorological landscape of Yinghua mountain - "five wonders" (seeing sunrise, watching clouds and waterfalls, appreciating Buddha light, tasting shengdeng, visiting Huashan), "Four Seas" (sea of clouds, fog, forest and flower sea). The ancient geological causes have formed the majestic and precipitous cliff landform of peak forest and cliff, and the historical changes have been left behind Many wonderful and moving myths and legends. Ancient geological causes formed the majestic and precipitous cliff landform.
Main attractions
Taojingou
In ancient times, gold could be found in this valley. It was a gift from Nuwa to the poor. She asked that each person could only take a piece of gold each time. At first, the poor followed the rules. Later, many people swarmed in and collected gold nuggets. But when I went home, all the gold was turned into stones. And in this ditch, no gold can be found again. In order to remember this lesson, later generations still call this place "gold rush ditch", hoping that their children will not be as greedy as they are.
Xiaodongtian
This is an open valley, in which people have a kind of sigh of "twists and turns, there is a cave", so it is called "small cave".
Dragon gate and ladder
It is said that carp must jump over the "Dragon Gate" to become a dragon. Only by leaping over the dragon's gate, can carp ascend to the sky and become a dragon along the "ladder"; otherwise, they will be crushed to pieces and the dragon's mouth will be broken. You see, under the dragon's gate, this toad looking up at the sky is staring at the Golden Dragon in a daze!
Valley of beasts
The stones in the valley are of various shapes and shapes. They are like birds or animals. They are extremely skillful. There are "Sphinx man face beast", "three turtle stone", "boar bath" and so on.
The moon in my arms
This thousand year old tree is a tree root wrapped in a huge stone, forming a rare national spectacle - holding the moon in my arms. The thousand year old tree sticks out a root that looks like a giant hand and hugs the boulder around its waist. The trees stand tall and upright, while the stones stand still, as if the two were naturally integrated and inseparable since the founding of Pangu. Remember the crescent shaped groove on the rock wall of lover's Valley? This tree holds the moon that Dayu borrowed from Chang'e when he had a tryst with his lover. It turned out that the girl Xi saw Dayu and a mountain girl meet in the lover's Valley every day, and borrowed the moonlight for illumination. Afraid that her son would indulge in women's affairs and forget her father's will, nuxi secretly instructed the tree god to stretch out a tree root on the way to Dayu's lover's valley with the moon, and seized the moon in his arms. Dayu had no way. Knowing that his mother had done it, he felt guilty and determined to study and never go to lover's Valley again. And the moon is held here day after day, year after year.
Wuskirt waterfall: the water is blocked by a stone, forming a small pool; the pool water flows out from the crevice of the stone and falls down, forming a fan-shaped waterfall. Waterfall water flow, just like a dancer skirt flying, someone gave its name - "dance skirt waterfall.".
Dayutan waterfall
"Dayutan waterfall", the bottom of the pool is called "Dayu Lake", which is named after Dayu bathing here. In case of flood season, the mountain water pouring, such as runaway horses, galloping down, forming a curtain of very wide water curtain at the edge of the cliff, extremely spectacular.
Flying waterfall
"Feiming waterfall" is small, but it has a great reputation. The sound of the water rushing against the rocks is mixed and reflected through the caves behind the water, forming the roaring sound of an airplane flying overhead.
Strange tree slope
The trees here are full of strange, intricate roots and open teeth and claws. The bark is covered with thick green moss, which looks like a witch wearing a green windbreaker. The green moss on the branches and branches looks like a witch's long hair, which is very frightening! If there is a wind blowing, the sound of whimpering, as if someone is crying, especially at night.
The pond water of Yuwang Valley, reflected by the mountains and trees, is full of ripples and beautiful. It's really appropriate to name them after ancient beauties.
Grass waterfall
It is about 20 meters high and 10 meters wide. The cliff surface is grotesque, rugged, and scattered with uneven clumps of weeds, which grow downward along the direction of water flow. Looking from afar, I really don't know whether the waterfall in front is water or grass. Yuwang waterfall, xierchi, Yuxue, yufeiyan and lotus. The altitude here is more than 2500 meters, and the waterfall is more than 100 meters high. The waterfall water falls from the height, like a dragon into the sea, which is unstoppable. Deep pool, called "xierchi", is an unofficial legend. When Dayu was born, his appearance was very ugly and frightening. His mother and daughter Xi washed him in the pool every day. But Dayu was beautiful every time he washed. He was not only strong but also intelligent. Dayu was born very close to water, and the water in the pool was more and more clear. Later, people are willing to put the dolls into the pool to soak and wash, saying that the washed dolls are both smart and beautiful, and can resist all kinds of diseases. There is a cave on the left side of the Yuwang waterfall. There is the place where nuxi produces Dayu, known as "Yu cave". At the top of the Yuwang waterfall, there is a steep and protruding rock called "yufeiyan". It is said that when Dayu was born, he was extremely difficult and did not land for seven days and seven nights. Mother and daughter Xi think that she is a meteor into the bosom, to be pregnant, certainly not a normal fetus. After a bout of pain, a "stone fetus" was actually born. The stone fetus was divided into two parts, from which Dayu burst out. At this time, the thunder and lightning flashed and the flood surged to the sky. Seeing that it was going to flood the "Yu cave", the girl Xi was in a hurry to throw up the tire stone which wrapped Dayu, and instantly turned into this huge rock, containing the flood and forming a waterfall. It is said that there are two pieces of Yutai stone. The Yuwang waterfall is only one of them, and the other one is missing. Some people say that the half quick Yutai stone remains in Yu cave. A wild tree at the entrance of the cave is a mark made by nuxi. People call this tree a "lotus flower in the mouth".
Waterfall and stone
The water flows down the rock, arouses thousands of water drops and washes the rock wall like gold-plated. It is called "gold flowing waterfall". Looking up from the waterfall, there is a huge stone at the top of the mountain. There is a wild tree growing on the stone. When the wind blows, the tree shakes and the rock moves. It is called "wind moving stone".
Qingniutuo. From Hongbai to the north, 15km, back to the river, all the way stream, gentle mountain peaks, hillside to valley bottom, lush shrubs, grass, distant as a blanket, close to see is luxuriant. In spring, wild flowers flow in the stream; in winter, the water is gurgling under the snow, and the distant peaks are vast; in summer, birds sing and cicadas sing, and the quiet mountain wind brings water like coolness; in autumn, the levels of mountains gradually emerge, just like ink painting. On both sides of the road, there are pines or bamboos, and the farmhouse is hidden behind the bamboo groves among the pines. Occasionally, one or two can be seen
There are vegetable fields, cucumbers, red peppers, green corn, bamboo fences and wooden buildings. According to the legend of qingyutou, qingyoutuo was renamed qingniutuo because there were huge stones on the West Bank of the Tuo, which were shaped like the head of an ox. according to the folklore, Dayu Zhi rode horizontally, rowed on the water, and rode qingniu in the mountains. The rock of qingniutuo, like the head of an ox, was transformed by the qingniu that Dayu rode when he came out of the mountain. This is a pure folk saying. It's only spoken by the old people in the countryside before and after tea. Another legend about qingniutuo may be more official. We can see the legend of Liu Tianguan in Hongbai Xiangzhi. Liu Tianguan, named Yu Liang, was one of the most important figures in Ming Dynasty. It is said that Liu Tianguan was enlightened by an immortal in his early years, and he was given three magic arrows. Therefore, he had different aspirations. After being dismissed by the Emperor Wanli and returned to Mianzhu, he was even more discontented. Liu Tianguan's younger sister, also deep channel law, know Liu Tianguan plot, very disgusted. On the night before the event, Liu Tianguan mistakenly thought that it was the third watch, so he sent three magic arrows to the capital. The next morning, the emperor found that there were three arrows on the Dragon chair. He was very surprised. He pulled out the arrow and looked at it carefully. He immediately ordered Liu Tianguan to be captured and sent to Mianzhu Jiulong. Liu Tianguan had already fled after hearing the news. Liu Tianguan fled with the remaining soldiers to Hongbai five li. When he saw two Ping, he buried the gold ten jars on the Ping and the silver ten jars under the Ping, which is now shigangping. Into the yanziyan camp cooking, cooking in the pot frame rock, the rock edge under the shape of a pot. As far as the golden river, the water is fed to the horses, and the drinking water is named mangao beach. Now a manger is formed here, and a horse shoe mark is left on a huge stone. To the top of the eight trigrams to repair the Treasury, so there are Hongyan and yinwozi. Liu Tianguan had his sister lock up in the gold cabinet because of his sister's sabotage. When he went to Yinghua mountain, he asked qingniu to carry the gold cabinet into the pool. After the gold cabinet entered the pool, the qingniu could not find it, only exposed its head and became a rock. When the sun was shining, the villagers said that the gold cabinet could still move under the water.
Fengqiao
Maple bridge is named after the maple trees on both sides of the bridge. In late autumn, the maple leaves full of trees are as red as fire, and the wind blows and shakes the leaves, like a girl in red dancing in the mountains, which is very beautiful! On the lower right side of the maple bridge, there is a "wish pool". The shape of a "heart" is naturally formed on the stone. It is said that making a wish here is very effective. When making a wish, you should close your eyes and promise your wish in silence, and then throw a coin into the "wish pool". At most, you can only cast three coins to make three wishes. As long as you can put in, your wish will certainly come true, but it must be a kind wish. Otherwise, no matter how many coins you put in, it will be useless. If your wish comes true, please remember to fulfill your wish.
The seal of Yuwang, the drilling rat, the great Yu stepping on the mouse, and the stone of the king of Yu. It is said that Da Yu's father, Gu, was killed because of his ineffective flood control work, which has a great deal to do with the damage secretly done by the rat. Dayu hated the rat and chased it for three days and three nights. Seeing that he was about to catch up with him, the rat saw a cave and went into it. When Dayu saw that his enemy was about to escape, he was so anxious that he stepped forward and jumped. One foot just stepped on the tail of the groundhog. So, the head and front body of the gopher got into the hole, but its back, buttocks and tail remained outside the hole forever and turned into stone. Dayu was afraid that once he was gone, the rat would come out again and harm the living creatures. So he cast his magic to turn the opposite cliff into his own head. He stayed here day and night, so that the rat would never dare to reincarnate. This cliff is called "King Yu stone".
Cultural characteristics
Buddhist culture
Yinghua mountain ranges from laoyinghua temple at the foot of the mountain to xinyinghua temple on the top of the mountain, with an altitude of 800-3160m. There are 48 temples on the original bailiyou mountain road. It was a famous Buddhist monk named Mingben. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was once popular and the Buddhist culture was at its peak. At the end of Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Yinghua mountain has developed into a Buddhist holy land and a famous tourist area in Western Sichuan 。 The Buddhist culture of "Xichuan scenic spot" is a scenic spot of Shifang Buddhist spirit pilgrimage tourism. However, the temples in Benshan mountain have been destroyed one after another, and some of them have disappeared. Now some of them have been restored and restored. The temples will be gradually improved and improved according to the Buddhist regulations and the garden environment and incense environment of the temples, and will be endowed with tourism functions of corresponding scenic spots.
Scientific research activities
From June 11 to 14, 2007, Shifang municipal government organized the Yinghua mountain scientific research activity of "exploring the source of ancient Shu". The purpose of this activity is to find the fragments of Shifang's history and culture, to visit the mysterious source of ancient Shu culture, to further develop Shifang's tourism resources, and to connect the ancient Shu culture of Jinsha Sanxingdui taiyangcheng (Shifang) - an important silkworm Town, so as to lay a foundation for building a tourist destination city. During the four-day investigation, the scientific research team found and verified many new historical and cultural relics, experienced difficulties and overcome various difficulties, and finally reached the destination - Heika, which is 3546 meters above sea level. 14 people, including Jiang Mingzhong, member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Municipal Committee and vice mayor, and Liu can, Deputy Secretary General of the CPC Municipal Committee, participated in the activity.
festival activities
Mianzhu New Year Painting Festival. It is held from January to February every year.
Mianzhu was named as "hometown of Chinese New Year pictures" by the Ministry of culture of the people's Republic of China in 1993, China was selected as one of the best folk arts in China in 1994, and won the gold award of the Fifth China Art Festival in 1997. In history, Mianzhu New Year pictures, together with those of Yangliuqing in Tianjin, Weifang in Shandong and Taohuawu in Suzhou, are known as the four masters of Chinese folk New Year paintings. Mianzhu New Year pictures are an important component of Bashu culture and a cultural symbol that condenses time and space, affecting literati paintings, dramas, sculptures and even folk customs in Southwest China.
External traffic
It takes about 70 minutes for Chengdu Chengbei passenger transport center to drive to Shifang, 20 yuan to Hongbai Town, and about 10 kilometers, about half an hour, from Hongbai town to xiamakou village.
You can also charter a car directly from Shifang to xiamakou village for 120 yuan. Back from xiamakou charter bus to Chengdu 280 yuan;
Chengdu takes the Chengdu Mianyang double track Expressway to Shifang North Expressway, takes Guangqing highway, passes Yinghua Town, Jinhua town to Hongbai Town, and then to xiamalukou village forest farm.
It takes about 3 hours to walk from the forest farm to jinlianchi. Jinlianchi goes down to Xiama intersection for 1.5 hours. So it's OK to go back and forth for a day. It takes about 2.5 hours from jinlianchi to Yinchanggou.
Internal traffic
Yinghua mountain scenic area is very close to Chengdu City. You can go there by bus from Chengdu or during your stay in Deyang.
Accommodation in scenic spots
Deyang is always welcoming guests from all over the country and all over the world. The star rated hotels in Deyang are developing rapidly to medium and high-grade hotels, with more than 40 hardware and software reaching the star standard. At present, there are two four-star hotels, six three-star hotels and four two-star hotels. The hotel accommodation management level and service quality are in a leading position in Sichuan and even the secondary cities all over the country.
Delicious food in Scenic Area
Luojiang bean chicken
There are many restaurants in Deyang, including Chinese restaurants, Sichuan hotpot, chain foreign fast food restaurants, common people's breakfast stalls, popular food stalls, night hot pot and night beer. Among them, Sichuan hotpot is featured with hemp, spicy, hot, fresh and refreshing; the color, aroma, taste, beauty and shape of authentic traditional Sichuan cuisine are endowed with new contents in the development of Sichuan cuisine. It can be said that eating in Tianfu and eating in Deyang
Luojiang bean chicken, a famous snack in Deyang, enjoys a high reputation in Sichuan cuisine and many food industries, and is deeply loved by consumers.
Yuan Tongru, the founder of Luojiang bean chicken, was called Chongda and worshipped Buddha since childhood. In the 17th year of the Republic of China, he became a monk under the Changling master of Luohan temple in Shifang. Three years later, he returned to the secular world and wandered in the world. By chance, Yuan Tongru had a meal in a chicken feather restaurant without any food and wine. The restaurant gave him a dish of sesame oil and bean skin. Inspired by the meal, he went home and made a "bean chicken" which was more delicious than the bean skin of Jimao restaurant. Yuan Tongru repeatedly summarized the technology of making bean chicken. In the year of the Republic of China, he made the first batch of bean chicken and sent it to the Chengdu flower fair Buddhist Food Exhibition for sale. He won the patent right and obtained a gold signboard. From then on, the bean chicken became famous.
Xiaoquan juice beef
Xiaoquan "juice beef" is a famous local food of Hui people in Xiaoquan, which has a long history and is well-known. The food has the characteristics of hemp, spicy, fragrant, crisp and fruit flavor, so it is named "juice beef". It is a delicious food with wine, food, tea and snacks, and a good gift for relatives and friends.
"Zhongjiang noodles" and "Babao oil cake"
Among the many local products in Zhongjiang, there are two famous brand foods both inside and outside the province, which are "Yinsi noodles" and "Babao oil cake". Due to its unique technology, excellent taste and flavor, and the matching of raw materials in accordance with nutrition science, it has been welcomed by consumers for hundreds of years since its inception. It has been well-known and its sales are not declining. It can be regarded as two wonderful flowers in Zhongjiang food
Shifang salted duck
The raw and cooked salted duck (commonly known as roast duck) is a special product of Shifang, which has a long history and is as famous as Ye Yan.
The salted duck is named after its bamboo bone is used to stretch and support in the process of drying and marinating.
There are three types of raw salted duck: boneless duck cake, bucket duck and salted duck. The finished product can be kept for three to five months. In recent years, vacuum sealing packaging is adopted to prolong the storage period and facilitate transportation and marketing. Steamed is the best way to eat. Put in vegetables, not lose the flavor. Cooking is OK.
Cooked salted duck is stewed. The color is delicious, the taste is fine and tender, it is fat but not greasy, and the flavor is unique. It's best to eat hot out of the pot, not for a long time.
Shifang roast duck has its own flavor because of its own masters. However, their common characteristics are golden skin color, ruddy meat color, fat but not greasy, tender and melted residue, durable chewing and unique fresh flavor.
Deyang is known as "the Pearl of Western Sichuan". The spacious six lane Yangtze road attracts a large number of urban people full of fashion. CAIQUAN street and Xianan Street are the shopping centers of Deyang. In addition, department stores, prosperous Tang Moore are large shopping malls.
Local specialties: Chinese famous liquor Jiannanchun, Jingjing food series, Tianfu peanut, black and white tea, Yingzhong green bud tea, Yinghua mountain pure natural mountain wild vegetable series
Mianzhu City in Sichuan Province, known as "the hometown of pear blossom", has been known as "little Chengdu" since ancient times. It is also a famous "town of famous wine" and "town of New Year pictures" in China. It is a key city in the "one line" of economic development in Sichuan Province, and has been ranked among the top ten counties (cities) in comprehensive evaluation of county economy in Sichuan Province for 8 consecutive years. The first pear blossom festival was held from March 16 to April 6, 2000, and it has been held every year since then.
Walking in the pear garden, the vast pear flowers will visitors in the white sea of flowers, dazzling, as if entering the colorful fairy tale world. It has the grand momentum of "suddenly like a night of spring breeze, thousands of trees and pear blossoms" and the unique style of "depending on the wind to see, occupying and breaking the spring is this flower".
Resource evaluation
Scientific value
1. Geological complexity: Yinghua mountain is located in the transitional zone between the Western Sichuan plain and the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It is the Longmen mountain system, the branch of Minshan Mountain range. The Longmen mountain system is famous for its peculiar geology. As a branch of Yinghua mountain, the natural geology is complex and peculiar. In the scenic area, there are high mountains and deep valleys, many peaks competing, and there are many falls, forming a beautiful waterfall. The elevation of the scenic area covers 800 meters to 3600 meters. The geological conditions of the scenic area are complex and changeable, so it is of great value in scientific research.
2. Biodiversity: the vegetation of Yinghua mountain is excellent, and it has the reputation of "Yinghua Emerald". There are rare plants such as Davidia involucrata, Ginkgo biloba, Sequoia, Phoebe, Lianxiang, and hundreds of ornamental flowers, such as azalea, Primula, camellia, lily, gentian, etc.; the wild animals include giant panda, golden monkey, green monkey, wild donkey, antelope, Swertia, deer, goat, Caragana, cornu, red bellied pheasant and other rare birds. The famous Swan forest sea consists of pine, fir and Cryptomeria with an area of nearly 8 square kilometers. There are many kinds of exotic flowers and plants, all over the mountains.
historical value
Yinghua mountain has a long history of Buddhism and can be developed as a Buddhist holy land. Because it is a Buddhist temple in history. There are 48 temples on the original bailiyou mountain road in Yinghua mountain. It is a famous Buddhist temple named Zen master Yinghua in Ming Dynasty. In addition, there are Li Bing's immortal platform and clothes tomb, and the palace of Meng Yan, king of Shu, and his wife, Madame Huarui, which were built in the Longju Temple of the Sui Dynasty. From the perspective of historical value, it has great appreciation.
aesthetic value
1. Landscape: the landform of Yinghua mountain is complex and changeable, or high mountains or valleys, cliffs and cliffs, and uneven groups, forming a line of sky, Guimenguan and other majestic and dangerous landscapes. The bottom of the valley is covered with craggy boulders, and the scenery is magnificent, majestic and secluded. Each scenic spot in the scenic spot has its own characteristics. There are mysterious and attractive karst caves on both sides of the mountain road.
2. Water landscape: due to the complex terrain in the scenic area, the water landscape is complex and diverse, or advection or waterfall, interspersed around the rocks. Along the mountain road, or waterfalls splash, or meandering streams.
3. Biological landscape: yinghuading has "six beauties" - Sunrise beauty, cloud waterfall beauty, Buddha light beauty, shengdeng beauty, Lin Tao beauty and Huashan beauty. This is due to the high air clarity and visibility of Yinghua mountain. The peak of the mountain is often covered by clouds and fog, so that sunrise, sea of clouds, holy lamp, Buddha light and fog sea can be seen at a glance. Due to the diversity of life, you can see primeval forest, alpine rose belt, red leaf Road, dense trees and towering ancient trees. We can also explore the rare animals and plants Davidia involucrata and giant panda.
Leisure value
1. Location advantages: Yinghua mountain is located in the northwest of Shifang City, adjacent to Mianzhu, Maoxian and Pengzhou Jiufeng Mountain scenic spots, 37 kilometers away from the county seat and 98 kilometers away from the urban area of Chengdu.
2. Comfortable climate: Yinghua mountain is a good summer resort. The mountains are lush with plants, streams and waterfalls all over the place, which is cool and pleasant.
3. The environment is excellent.
Climatic characteristics
Deyang City is located in the middle latitude, belonging to the subtropical humid monsoon area, with mild climate, distinct seasons and abundant precipitation. The city has various landform and large climate differences, forming different community climate. The temperature increases and decreases along the elevation of mountain slope, and the three-dimensional temperature is significant, and the climate types are various, including the subtropical, warm temperate, temperate, cold temperate and subcooled zone. The plains and hills in the central and Southeast (accounting for 80% of the total area of the city), affected by the subtropical latitude, are warm and humid, with distinct seasons, abundant rainfall and obvious continental monsoon climate.
The annual average temperature is 15 ℃ - 17 ℃, the coldest month (January) is 5 ℃ - 6 ℃, and the hottest month (July) is 25 ℃. The annual average sunshine hours are 1000-1300 hours, and the daily average temperature is higher than 0 ℃ all the year round, and the accumulated temperature of ≥ 0 ℃ is 5500-6000 ℃.
Friendly tips
1. The best way to charter a bus is to pack a van to the forest farm, which can finish the gravel road and save at least 40 minutes of walking time.
2. It is not recommended to go to the top of the mountain. It is not recommended to cross to Yinchanggou without donkey riding experience
3. Climbing stick is recommended for climbing in winter
4. The roads are damaged after the earthquake. It is not recommended to take children and the elderly. If you want to take care of children and the elderly, you can check the Jiguan mountain, Longchi, Tiantai Mountain, etc., which are recommended before.
Like other scenic spots, if you stay in Deyang, you can choose the hotel in Deyang, eat and live in Deyang.
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  /**
   * Generic donation getter.
   * Wrap the XML RPC call and return the value to the Ajax call
   * Caches the serialized response for $cacheTime seconds.
   *
   * @since 1.0
   * @access private
   * @author Arne Franken
   *
   * @param string $remoteProcedureCall RPC method name
   * @param string $identifier cache-identifier for the request
   *
   * @return void
   */
  //private function getAndReturnDonations($remoteProcedureCall,$identifier) {
  function getAndReturnDonations($remoteProcedureCall,$identifier) {

    // get the submitted parameters
    $pluginName = $_POST['pluginName'];

    $key = $identifier . '_' . $pluginName;

    //try to get response from DB cache
    if ( false === ($response = get_site_transient($key) ) ) {
      // response not found in DB cache, generate response
      if(class_exists('IXR_Client')) {
        $ixrClient = new IXR_Client(JQUERYCOLORBOX_DONATIONLOADER_XMLRPC_URL);
        $ixrClient->useragent = JQUERYCOLORBOX_USERAGENT;
        $ixrClient->query($remoteProcedureCall,$pluginName);

        $response = $ixrClient->getResponse();
      }
      set_site_transient($key, serialize($response), JQUERYCOLORBOX_DONATIONLOADER_CACHETIME);
    } else {
      $response = unserialize($response);
    }

    // header content-type must match the one used in the jQuery.post call.
    //header( "content-type: application/json" );
    header( "content-type: text/html" );

    // echo instead of return, $response is given back to the Ajax call.
    echo $response;
    // IMPORTANT: don't forget to "exit"
    exit;
  }

  // getAndReturnDonations()
}

// DonationLoader()
?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
1763801 Susy Vikram Singh Rawat vikram.psyc@aiimsrishikesh.edu.in 2021-09-28 06:00:24 2021-09-28 06:00:24
199342 biswadeepdas4691@hotmail.com Biswadeep Das No 2021-09-18 08:08:02 2021-09-18 08:08:02
199343 chayna_sarkar@hotmail.com No 2021-09-18 08:08:02 2021-09-18 08:08:02
199344 rawatbmc@gmail.com No 2021-09-28 06:00:24 2021-09-28 06:00:24
199345 deep.micro@aiimsrishikesh.edu.in No 2021-09-18 08:08:02 2021-09-18 08:08:02
199346 drsangeeta2009@gmail.com Sangeeta Deka No 2021-09-18 08:08:02 2021-09-18 08:08:02
199347 aakashagnihotri44@gmail.com No 2021-09-18 08:08:02 2021-09-18 08:08:02
69981 vikram.psyc@aiimsrishikesh.edu.in Vikram Singh Rawat 1 2021-09-18 08:08:02 2021-09-28 06:00:24
NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors
Subjects: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vikram Singh Rawat
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are conserved cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that track the intracellular milieu for the existence of infection, disease-causing microbes, as well as metabolic distresses. The NLRP3 inflammasome agglomerates are consequent to sensing a wide spectrum of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Certain members of the NLR family have been documented to lump into multimolecular conglomerates called inflammasomes, which are inherently linked to stimulation of the cysteine protease caspase-1.
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are preserved pattern recognition receptors located in cell cytosol that track the intracellular milieu for the presence of infection, disease-causing microbes, as well as metabolic distresses. In humans, the NLR family is made up of 23 cytosolic proteins, and some 34 nlr murine genes have been determined. The usual segment structure of the NLR family members comprises of an amino-terminal effector part made up of a protein–protein interaction region, like the caspase-recruitment domain (CARD), pyrin domain (PYD), or Baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis protein repeat (BIR) segment, a centrally positioned NOD domain and leucine-rich repeats associated with danger sensing at the carboxyl-terminal. Alterations at the N-terminal domain are employed for the subsequent assortment of NLR protein members. The biggest assortment incorporates the N-terminal PYD and has been christened the NLRPs. Certain members of the NLR family have been known to agglomerate into multimolecular structures called inflammasomes, which are inherently linked to the stimulation of the cysteine protease caspase-1. Following activation, caspase-1 severs the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 into their biologically active entities, leading to the commencement of caspase-1-associated pyroptosis. IL-1β is an archetypic inflammatory cytokine implicated in multiple types of inflammatory maladies. Approaches to impede IL-1β 's actions are possible, and their therapeutic effects have been demonstrated; nevertheless, such strategies are associated with certain constraints. For instance, treatments that focus on systemically negating IL-1β (i.e., anakinra, rilonacept, and canakinumab) have been reported to subsequently result in an escalated peril of infections and are hence deemed improper for oral use. NLRP3 is the most common inflammasome sensor probed for its association in a multitude of conditions, such as sterile inflammation, infections, as well as uncommon genetic autoimmune syndromes ( Table 1 ).
Table 1. Some inflammatory diseases with their targets (involving inflammasome signaling components) for possible therapeutic intervention.
Targets in Inflammasome Signaling Cascade
Therapeutic Molecule
Acute Myocardial Infarction NLRP3 Colchicine
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus NLRP3(indirect action) Metformin, Glyburide
IL-1β Rilonacept
Rheumatoid Arthritis IL-1 Receptor Anakinra
Caspase-1 Pralnacasan(VX-740)
P2X7 AZD9056, CE-224535, GSK 1482169
Muckle–Wells Syndrome Caspase-1 Emricasan(VX-765)
IL-1β Canakinumab
Gout IL-1β Rilonacept
Xanthine Oxidase(XOD) Allopurinol
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus NFκB (IKKβ kinase activity)/NLRP3 ATPase Bay 11-7082
Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes(CAPS) IL-1β Rilonacept
Inflammatory Bowel Disease(IBD) IL-18 GSK1070806
Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome(FCAS) IL-1β Canakinumab
Cancer Caspase-1/NF-κB (IKKβ kinase activity)/NLRP3 ATPase Parthenolide
B-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma IL-18 GSK1070806
Given the therapeutic promise of an NLRP3 inhibitor, the concerted escalated venture of the scientific fraternity in the yesteryears towards the development of small molecules focusing on NLRP3 is quite predictable. However, incomplete comprehension of the steps leading to the NLRP3 inflammasome agglomeration and also insufficient understanding of the sensor crystal structure compound the odds of developing such inhibitor agents. Despite the fact that certain NLRP3 inflammasome antagonists have been developed and studied in preclinical protocols as well as cell-based assays, an NLRP3-specific inhibitor with therapeutic intent for humans has yet to be licensed. This review is intended to showcase the current developments with regard to promising NLRP3 inhibitors for clinical applications ( Table 2 ).
Table 2. Targets of some known NLRP3 Inhibitors.
Target(s)
Documented Mechanism(s)
Glyburide NLRP3(indirect action) Abrogation of ASC agglomeration acting downstream of P2X7;
Suppression of KATP channels [1]
MCC950 NLRP3 NLRP3 inflammasome activation involves a role of its ATPase domain. MCC950 is known to directly target and restrain this ATP-hydrolysis motif in both canonical as well as non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasomes [2][3]
Glitazones
CY-09 NLRP3 Effective and direct suppressor of NLRP3 inflammasome with remarkable capability to impede NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo in murine models and ex vivo in human cells; blocks NLRP3 ATPase actions [4]
Substituted 2-pyrazolin-5-ones
Edaravone NLRP3 Scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS) thereby impeding NLRP3-evoked IL-1β processing and release; also known to suppress IL-1β, caspase 1 and NF-kB-reliant NLRP3 inflammation signaling [5][6]
Arsenic compounds
Arsenic trioxide(As2O3) NLRP3 As2O3 suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation and consequent IL-1β and IL-18 release [7][8]
Colchicine NLRP3 Efficaciously attenuates the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 by abrogating NLRP3 inflammasome activation cascade [9][10]
Biguanide
Metformin NLRP3 Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK) is known to modulate NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation; decreases the expression of NLRP3 as well as kindling of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway [11][12]
GLP-1 analogs
Liraglutide NLRP3(hepatic) Repression of the hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome [13]
Atorvastatin NLRP3 Conspicuously decrements levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β; also, the NF-κB suppressor attenuate levels of inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory cells. The stimulation of the NF-κB signaling cascade is engaged in NLRP3 inflammasome activity modulation [14][15]
SGLT-2 Inhibitors(Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin)-P2Y12 Antagonist(Ticagrelor)
Dapagliflozin NLRP3 Extenuates inflammation-evoked renal damage and glomerulosclerosis in diabetic kidneys by ameliorating NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation; AMPK activation [16]
Empagliflozin NLRP3 Impedes kindling of NLRP3 inflammasome and decrements downstream inflammatory signaling in the diabetic kidneys [17]
Ticagrelor NLRP3 Repress NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation; AMPK activation [18]
Xanthine oxidase(XOD) enzyme inhibitor
Allopurinol NLRP3, XOD Represses xanthine oxidase(XOD) action and subsequently attenuates generation of uric acid (UA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known to kindle the NLRP3 pathway [19][20]
Vinylsulfones
BAY11-7082 NLRP3, IKK, E2/3 enzymes, PTPs Leads to cysteine alkylation of NLRP3 inflammasome ATPase domains; represses NLRP3 ATPase actions [4][21]
Beta-Nitrostyrenes
MNS NLRP3 Leads to cysteine alteration of NLRP3 inflammasome ATPase domains; represses NLRP3 inflammasome actions [22]
Acrylate Derivatives
INF39 NLRP3 Abrogates NLRP3 inflammasome ATPase actions; represses priming [23]
Acylhydrazone
EMD638683 NLRP3 Suppression of NLRP3 and IL-1β expression [24]
Benzimidazoles
FC11A-2 NLRP3(indirect effect) Hampers pro-caspase-1 autocleavage; impedes IL-1beta/18 secretion [25][26]
Sulfonylnitriles
Dapansutrile(OLT1177) NLRP3 Abrogates NLRP3 inflammasome ATPase actions; suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation [27][28]
Benzoxathiole Derivatives
BOT-4-one NLRP3 Akin to various covalent modulators that repress NLRP3, this agent blunts its ATPase activity; inhibits priming [29][30][31]
Tryptophan Derivative
Tranilast NLRP3 Interacts with NACHT segment of NLRP3 to abrogate NLRP3-NLRP3 and NLRP3-ASC association [4][32]
BHB NLRP3(indirectly) Abrogation of outward movement of K+ with consequent decrement in ASC agglomeration and IL-1beta/18 release [33]
Parthenolide NLRP1 & 3, Caspase- 1, NF-kB, IKKB kinase activity Alkyl modification of cysteine moieties present in ATPase segments of NLRP3 and caspase-1; abrogates NLRP3 ATPase actions [34]
Oridonin NLRP3 Selectively represses NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation; associates with cysteine 279 residue of NLRP3 and abrogates NLRP3-NEK7 association [35]
Caspase Inhibitors
Pralnacasan(VX-740) Caspase-1 Covalent alteration of catalytic cysteine moiety in caspase-1 active site with consequent abrogation of caspase-1 effects and splitting of pro-IL-1Beta/18 [36][37][38]
Emricasan(VX-765) Caspase-1 Covalent alteration of catalytic cysteine moiety in caspase-1 active site with consequent abrogation of caspase-1 effects and splitting of pro-IL-1Beta/18 [36][37][38]
2. NLRP3 Inflammasome Agglomeration
The NLRP3 inflammasome agglomerates are consequent to responding to a wide spectrum of pathogen-related molecular arrangements and damage-related molecular motifs. There is usually little cellular concentration of NLRP3, and in order to attain the critical threshold needed to spark caspase-1 activation, the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation hinges upon two crucial phases.
The first step, termed priming, leads to activation of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and various transcription factors following the involvement of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). This engenders the expression of NLRP3 as well as pro-IL-1β. The second step consists of signal (or trigger) detection that in turn governs the triggering mechanism of NLRP3 and the subsequent generation of the inflammasome. The NLRP3 NACHT region, which possesses ATPase property, is essential for the agglomeration of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Following stimulation and self-oligomerization of NLRP3, the PYD–PYD cooperation among NLRP3 and the inflammasome adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein having a CARD (ASC) leads to the generation of speck-like entities, which serves as a scaffold for the engagement by contiguity of procaspase-1 via CARD–CARD interaction. Following autocatalytic enzyme cleavage and the subsequent generation of active caspase-1 (p10 and p20), the transformation of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into their biologically active forms occurs and gasdermin D–moderated pyroptotic cell lethality ensues. Since a wide array of signals finally culminates in NLRP3 inflammasome generation, it is believed that NLRP3 can detect downstream developments arising from the archetype trigger that produces disruption of cellular homeostasis, with subsequent inflammasome agglomeration ( Figure 1 ). This disruption consists of alterations of ion flux (K + , Cl − , and Ca 2+ ), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and lysosomal injury.
Figure 1. Inflammasome signaling cascade and inhibitors. The first step, termed as priming, leads to activation of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and various transcription factors following the involvement of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (TLR4). This engenders the expression of NLRP3 as well as pro-IL-1β. The second step comprises of signal (or trigger) detection that in turn governs the triggering mechanism of NLRP3 and the subsequent generation of the inflammasome.
3. Inhibitors of NLRP3 Inflammasome-Driven In Vivo Disease Models
NLRP3 inflammasome brings about the sterile inflammatory reaction provoked by tissue injury and influences the causative pathology of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury [39][40][41]. Abrogating inflammasome stimulation by genetic method conspicuously attenuates infarct progress and myocardial fibrosis and malfunction [39][40].
In those afflicted with type 2 diabetes, enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation and processing of IL-1β were notably repressed by treatment with the antidiabetic drug metformin via AMPK stimulation [42].
The anticancer properties of BOT-4-one are mediated through the blockade of janus kinase 3 (JAK3)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling [43] and immunomodulatory action via suppression of IKKb [44]. Upon testing for NF-kB-unrelated effects, BOT4-one was found to act akin to other alkylating agents like Bay 11-7082 and MNS, decrementing IL-1β release following canonical and noncanonical NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation, but with enhanced potency [29].
Scant information is available regarding the interaction of kinases with NLRP3; some other inflammasomes have been even less researched. Only if we can comprehend and dissect the kinase signaling networks encompassing these processes, their entire promise can be utilized, and pertinent kinase inhibitors may be ushered or repurposed into therapeutics as anti-inflammatory agents.
The intensive role of the inflammasome in masterminding innate immune responses (arising out of microbial infections and non-infectious diseases) has been proven beyond doubt by the occurrence of several heritable and acquired maladies which stem out of dysregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the effectiveness of antagonists of IL-1β or its receptor for intervention in many of these disease conditions. NLRP3-induced pyroptosis and IL-1β/18 secretion are associated with numerous maladies. The degree to which NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation confers towards pyroptosis is still unclear, but NLRP3 activation does lead to pyroptosis, which consequently can inflict severe damage to crucial body organs [45]. Currently, NLRP3-linked afflictions may be ameliorated by agents which could abrogate IL-1β, such as counteracting IL-1β antibody canakinumab, recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra, and the soluble camouflage IL-1 receptor, rilonacept. These biological molecules have been employed to manage cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) as well as various maladies related to IL-1β [46]. Apart from NLRP-3 generated IL-1β, other cytokines like IL-18 may also assist with the development of the NLRP3-related afflictions [47][48]. Other inflammasomes or inflammasome-independent pathways can also lead to IL-1β production; hence, IL-1β inhibitors can only lead to non-intentional immunosuppressive actions. Thus, pharmacological inhibitors focusing on NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition would be a preferred alternative for combating NLRP3-mediated maladies. NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis has been documented by a plethora of contemporary studies as a crucial system adding to the NLRP3 inflammasome linked disease processes [49][50]. Documentation surfacing has noted gasdermin D (GSDMD) as a controlling protein culpable for pyroptosis [51][52], making it an enticing therapeutic target for ameliorating NLRP3-evoked pyroptosis associated disorders. Since knowledge of the structure and components of the NLRP3 inflammasome has become available, forthcoming studies should harness this lead and effect progress of development of direct NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors endowed with increased exactitude and potency. Moreover, nanobodies (Nbs) are lately being scrutinized comprehensively as therapeutics owing to their high precision, stability, and low propensity to induce side effects [53][54]. It can be foreseen that Nbs may also be assessed for inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Significant strides have been undertaken to unravel the NLRP3 inflammasome structure, the processes leading to its activation, and its role in the initiation and evolution of various disorders. Moreover, a multitude of small molecules as NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors have been documented in the research literature, and a few of these leads have highlighted admirable therapeutic prowess. However, none of them has been approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or other drug regulatory agencies. Contemporary research must continuously concentrate on the development of specific, small-molecule NLRP3 inflammasome activation inhibitors with enhanced pharmacokinetic characteristics, the ability to permeate efficiently across the blood–brain barrier and cell membranes, and it must be affordable too. Undoubtedly, the ongoing contemporary characterization of clinical inflammasome activators and blockers will spur interest in acquiring deeper insights into inflammasome-driven autoinflammatory mechanisms from a futuristic point of view. This is bound to widen therapeutic modalities for patients suffering from NLRP3-mediated metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases as well as certain cancers, where there is a tremendous unmet therapeutic need [55]. Finally, an appreciation of the molecular biology in connection with inflammasome priming and activation facilitates the prediction that an array of nutraceuticals could possibly confer salutary clinical promise for impeding inflammasome activity—antioxidants such as phycocyanobilin, phase 2 inducers, melatonin, and N-acetylcysteine, the AMPK activator berberine, glucosamine, zinc, and various nutraceuticals which ramp up production of hydrogen sulfide. Complex nutraceuticals or functional foods consisting of several of such compounds may find value in the obviation and modulation of a great variety of medical disorders [56].
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He, H.; Jiang, H.; Chen, Y.; Ye, J.; Wang, A.; Wang, C.; Liu, Q.; Liang, G.; Deng, X.; Jiang, W.; et al. Oridonin is a covalent NLRP3 inhibitor with strong antiinflammasome activity. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 2550.
MacKenzie, S.H.; Schipper, J.L.; Clark, A.C. The potential for caspases in drug discovery. Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Dev. 2010, 13, 568–576.
Lee, H.; Shin, E.A.; Lee, J.H.; Ahn, D.; Kim, C.G.; Kim, J.H.; Kim, S.H. Caspase inhibitors: A review of recently patented compounds (2013–2015). Expert Opin. Ther. Pat. 2017, 28, 47–59.
Shi, J.J.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, Y.P.; Gao, W.Q.; Ding, J.J.; Li, P.; Hu, L.Y.; Shao, F. Inflammatory caspases are innate immune receptors for intracellular LPS. Nature 2014, 514, 187–192.
Toldo, S.; Marchetti, C.; Mauro, A.G.; Chojnacki, J.; Mezzaroma, E.; Carbone, S.; Zhang, S.; Van Tassell, B.; Salloum, F.N.; Abbate, A. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome limits the inflammatory injury following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in the mouse. Int. J. Cardiol. 2016, 209, 215–220.
Kawaguchi, M.; Takahashi, M.; Hata, T.; Kashima, Y.; Usui, F.; Morimoto, H.; Izawa, A.; Takahashi, Y.; Masumoto, J.; Koyama, J.; et al. Inflammasome Activation of Cardiac Fibroblasts Is Essential for Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Circulation 2011, 123, 594–604.
Sandanger, O.; Ranheim, T.; Vinge, L.E.; Bliksoen, M.; Alfsnes, K.; Finsen, A.V.; Dahl, C.P.; Askevold, E.T.; Florholmen, G.; Christensen, G.; et al. The NLRP3 inflammasome is up-regulated in cardiac fibroblasts and mediates myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc. Res. 2013, 99, 164–174.
Lee, H.M.; Kim, J.J.; Kim, H.J.; Shong, M.; Ku, B.J.; Jo, E.K. Upregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2013, 62, 194–204.
Kim, B.-H.; Min, Y.S.; Choi, J.S.; Baeg, G.H.; Kim, Y.; Shin, J.W.; Kim, T.Y.; Ye, S.K. Benzoxathiol derivative BOT-4-one suppresses L540 lymphoma cell survival and proliferation via inhibition of JAK3/STAT3 signaling. Exp. Mol. Med. 2011, 43, 313–321.
Lee, H.G.; Cho, N.C.; Jeong, A.J.; Li, Y.C.; Rhie, S.J.; Choi, J.S.; Lee, K.H.; Kim, Y.; Kim, Y.N.; Kim, M.H.; et al. Immunomodulatory activities of the benzoxathiole derivative BOT-4-One ameliorate pathogenic skin inflammation in mice. J. Investig. Dermatol. 2016, 136, 107–116.
Jiang, D.; Chen, S.; Sun, R.; Zhang, X.; Wang, D. The NLRP3 inflammasome: Role in metabolic disorders and regulation by metabolic pathways. Cancer Lett. 2018, 419, 8–19.
Dinarello, C.A.; van der Meer, J.W. Treating inflammation by blocking interleukin-1 in humans. Semin. Immunol. 2013, 25, 469–484.
Nowarski, R.; Jackson, R.; Gagliani, N.; de Zoete, M.R.; Palm, N.W.; Bailis, W.; Low, J.S.; Harman, C.C.; Graham, M.; Elinav, E.; et al. Epithelial IL-18 equilibrium controls barrier function in colitis. Cell 2015, 163, 1444–1456.
Lu, B.; Nakamura, T.; Inouye, K.; Li, J.; Tang, Y.; Lundbäck, P.; Valdes-Ferrer, S.I.; Olofsson, P.S.; Kalb, T.; Roth, J.; et al. Novel role of PKR in inflammasome activation and HMGB1 release. Nature 2012, 488, 670–674.
Kanneganti, A.; Malireddi, R.S.; Saavedra, P.H.; Walle, L.V.; Van Gorp, H.; Kambara, H.; Tillman, H.; Vogel, P.; Luo, H.R.; Xavier, R.J.; et al. GSDMD is critical for autoinflammatory pathology in a mouse model of Familial Mediterranean Fever. J. Exp. Med. 2018, 215, 1519–1529.
Xiao, J.; Wang, C.; Yao, J.-C.; Alippe, Y.; Xu, C.; Kress, D.; Civitelli, R.; Abu-Amer, Y.; Kanneganti, T.D.; Link, D.C.; et al. Gasdermin D mediates the pathogenesis of neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease in mice. PLoS Biol. 2018, 16, e3000047.
Gaidt, M.M.; Hornung, V. Pore formation by GSDMD is the effector mechanism of pyroptosis. EMBO J. 2016, 35, 2167–2169.
Liu, X.; Zhang, Z.; Ruan, J.; Pan, Y.; Magupalli, V.G.; Wu, H.; Lieberman, J. Inflammasome activated gasdermin D causes pyroptosis by forming membrane pores. Nature 2016, 535, 153–158.
Salvador, J.P.; Vilaplana, L.; Marco, M.P. Nanobody: Outstanding featuRes. for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2019, 411, 1703–1713.
Konning, D.; Zielonka, S.; Grzeschik, J.; Empting, M.; Valldorf, B.; Krah, S.; Schröter, C.; Sellmann, C.; Hock, B.; Kolmar, H. Camelid and shark single domain antibodies: Structural featuRes. and therapeutic potential. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2017, 45, 10–16.
Chauhan, D.; Vande Walle, L.; Lamkanfi, M. Therapeutic modulation of inflammasome pathways. Immunol. Rev. 2020, 297, 123–138.
McCarty, M.F.; Iloki Assanga, S.B.; Lewis Luján, L.; O'Keefe, J.H.; DiNicolantonio, J.J. Nutraceutical Strategies for Suppressing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: Pertinence to the Management of COVID-19 and Beyond. Nutrients 2021, 13, 47.
NOD-like receptors NLRP3 inflammasome inflammation disease inhibitor

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home Security Hackers to Take Aim at the Cloud, Virtualization
Hackers to Take Aim at the Cloud, Virtualization
By Richard Adhikari | January 15, 2009
The booming popularity of virtualization, cloud computing and other new technologies may prove too tempting for malware authors to resist -- and could prompt a wave of attacks in 2009, according to security vendor AppRiver.
Businesses may be especially at risk because they're looking to such technology to help them cut costs during the recession, Fred Touchette, senior security analyst at AppRiver, told InternetNews.com.
While these technologies will see strong growth this year, despite the grim outlook for overall IT spending, they also could mean better potential paydays for the hackers.
"The threat against virtualization will be a factor simply because more and more enterprises are going virtual," Touchette said. "I see viruses being able to crack into virtual machines and getting past their shells."
Concerns about cybercrime's growth peaked in recent months, following several recent, high-profile data breaches at large corporations or targeting public figures. Worries about the trend led senior California Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.), who is the incoming Senate Intelligence Committee chair, to re-introduce legislation on data breaches and protection of individual privacy last week. These measures seek to ensure victims of security breaches are informed promptly when these breaches occur.
Meanwhile, malware authors are creating ever more sophisticated attacks, Touchette said.
Some viruses are already showing signs of being able to detect when they're in virtualized environments, he added, but they then either refuse to run or remove themselves completely so they cannot be tracked. That's because research analysts use virtual machines when they analyze viruses -- and the malware authors are aware of this, he said.
Likewise, as more enterprises begin moving into the cloud, they will also begin to encounter security vulnerabilities because it will be a new area for them, Touchette said.
The same may hold true for the proliferation of advanced smartphones, which make it simple for developers to create new applications that users can download to their devices.
Touchette said the Apple iPhone and Android-based devices may emerge as significant targets, given the popularity of the iPhone -- which is increasingly being adopted in the enterprise -- and the ease of developing on the Google-backed Android platform.
"The code is readily available so you can write your own applications, whether they are useful or malicious," he said.
Site hackings to increase
While corporate databases have long been eyed by hackers seeking users' personal information, career sites and social networking sites are also emerging as potential targets. That's not surprising, considering the vast amount of data they may contain about their members, Touchette said -- and the trend will accelerate in 2009.
Already, hackers have begun targeting Facebook and LinkedIn to get that information. And in the coming year, hackers will gun for more targets, Touchette predicted.
"I've already seen people phishing accounts on Monster.com, and I think more attacks will be coming as more people go to job sites during the recession," he said.
Hackers will also continue to compromise legitimate Web sites to deliver their attacks. A survey conducted by messaging- and data-protection firm Websense found that more than 75 percent of Web sites containing malicious code are legitimate sites that have been infected. Touchette expects this trend to continue.
"Malware authors are at a pretty high level of professionalism and, in certain areas, they're pretty well organized," he said.


text:
Transport and Logistics ›
Delhi Metro SWOT Analysis, Competitors & USP
SWOT analysis of Delhi Metro analyses the brand by its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities & threats. In Delhi Metro SWOT Analysis, the strengths and weaknesses are the internal factors whereas opportunities and threats are the external factors.
SWOT Analysis is a proven management framework which enables a brand like Delhi Metro to benchmark its business & performance as compared to the competitors. Delhi Metro is one of the leading brands in the transport and logistics sector.
The table below lists the Delhi Metro SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats), top Delhi Metro competitors and includes its target market, segmentation, positioning & Unique Selling Proposition (USP).
Delhi Metro SWOT Analysis, Competitors, Segmentation, Target Market, Positioning, USP & Brand Analysis Table
My Delhi I Care
Integration with other modes of public transport, enabling the commuters to conveniently interchange from one mode to another
Delhi Metro STP
Population with daily need of travelling
Middle class people
Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System
SWOT Analysis of Delhi Metro
Delhi Metro Strengths
Below are the Strengths in the SWOT Analysis of Delhi Metro:
1. UN has certified The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation as the first metro rail and rail-based system in the world to get "carbon credits for reducing greenhouse gas emissions"
2. Entries and exit doors to metro stations are controlled by flap-doors operated by 'smart-cards' and contact less tokens
3. It is a monopoly and acts as a pro-active government
4. It helps reducing traffic and pollution in Delhi
5. Carries approx 2 million passengers daily
6. Approx 200 km of connectivity in NCR region
Delhi Metro Weaknesses
Here are the weaknesses in the Delhi Metro SWOT Analysis:
1.It had too much cost
2.It costs more than bus travelling
3.Lot of difficulties like various government norms while acquiring land
Delhi Metro Opportunities
Following are the Opportunities in Delhi Metro SWOT Analysis:
1.The growing demand for public transport
2.World famous tourist place attracting both domestic as well as international tourists
3.It has no close substitutes
Delhi Metro Threats
The threats in the SWOT Analysis of Delhi Metro are as mentioned:
1. Lack of adequate infrastructure in city
2.It has a threat of security
3.Less ridership than that what estimated can affect further estimated revenue which can affect adversely in future plans
Delhi Metro Competition
Delhi Metro Competitors
Buses, Taxis, Public Transport
Similar analysis has also been done for the competitors of the company belonging to the same category, sector or industry. Browse marketing analysis of more brands and companies similar to Delhi Metro. This section covers SWOT Analysis, Competitors, Segmentation, Target Market, Positioning & USP of more than 2500 brands from over 20 industry sectors.
« Agarwal Movers Group SWOT Analysis C.H. Robinson SWOT Analysis »


Everyone's favorite North Norfolk radio show presenter is back. Steve Coogan reprises one of his most iconic roles of all time in Alan Partridge: Alpha Papa. The full length trailer finds Partridge the only one who can negotiate his radio station out of a hostage situation. Watch as Steve Coogan gets his 'siege face' on after Colm Meaney storms his offices demanding a helicopter in what is sure to be the international comedy hit of the summer (no U.S. release date has been announced yet).


text:
using ResourceMetadata.Data.Infrastructure;
using ResourceMetadata.Data.Repositories;
using ResourceMetadata.Model;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ResourceMetadata.Service
{
    public class ResourceService : IResourceService
    {
        private IResourceRepository repository;
        private IResourceActivityRepository activityRepository;
        private readonly IUnitOfWork unitOfWork;
        public ResourceService(IResourceRepository repository, IResourceActivityRepository activityRepository, IUnitOfWork unitOfWork)
        {
            this.repository = repository;
            this.activityRepository = activityRepository;
            this.unitOfWork = unitOfWork;
        }

        public IEnumerable<Resource> GetAllResourcesByUserId(string userId)
        {
            return repository.GetMany(res => res.UserId == userId);
        }

        public IEnumerable<Resource> GetAllResources()
        {
            return repository.GetAll();
        }
        public Resource AddResource(Resource resource)
        {
            repository.Add(resource);
            unitOfWork.SaveChanges();
            return resource;
        }

        public void SaveChanges()
        {
            unitOfWork.SaveChanges();
        }

        public Resource GetResourceById(int id)
        {
            return repository.GetById(id);
        }

        public Resource UpdateResource(Resource resource)
        {
            try
            {
                repository.Update(resource);
                SaveChanges();
                return resource;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }

        }

        public void DeleteResource(int id)
        {
            var resource = repository.GetById(id);
            repository.Delete(resource);
            SaveChanges();
        }

        public Resource GetResourceByPriority(int priority)
        {
            var resource = repository.GetMany(res => res.Priority == priority).FirstOrDefault();
            return resource;
        }

        public IEnumerable<Resource> GetTopFiveResourcesByUserId(string userId)
        {
            var resources = repository.Query(res => res.UserId == userId).OrderBy(res => res.Priority).Take(5);
            return resources;
        }

        public IEnumerable<Resource> GetPagedResourcesByUserId(string userId, int count, int page, string sortField, string sortOrder, ref int totalCount)
        {
            var query = repository.Query(res => res.UserId == userId);

            switch (sortField)
            {
                case "Description":
                    {
                        query = sortOrder.ToLower() == "asc" ? query.OrderBy(res => res.Description) : query.OrderByDescending(res => res.Description);
                        break;
                    }
                default:
                    {
                        query = sortOrder.ToLower() == "asc" ? query.OrderBy(res => res.Name) : query.OrderByDescending(res => res.Name);
                        break;
                    }
            }

            totalCount = query.Count();
            var resources = query.Skip((page - 1) * count).Take(count);
            return resources;
        }
    }

    public interface IResourceService
    {
        Resource AddResource(Resource resource);
        IEnumerable<Resource> GetAllResources();

        Resource GetResourceById(int id);

        Resource UpdateResource(Resource resource);

        void DeleteResource(int id);

        Resource GetResourceByPriority(int priority);

        IEnumerable<Resource> GetAllResourcesByUserId(string userId);

        IEnumerable<Resource> GetTopFiveResourcesByUserId(string userId);

        IEnumerable<Resource> GetPagedResourcesByUserId(string userId, int count, int page, string sortField, string sortOrder, ref int totalCount);
    }
}


text:
W. Kamua Bell's "We Need To Talk About Cosby" Takes Hard Look at Embattled Comic's "Complicated" Legacy
by News Headlines | Jan 21, 2022 | Black History (Reconstruction to Present), Black New-US, Current News Headlines
Source: Kelly Sullivan / Getty Comedian W. Kamau Bell, popular for his FXX show Totally Biased with W. Kamau Bell and the CNN series United Shades of America, has a new four-part documentary series called We Need To Talk About Cosby. "Bill Cosby had been one of my...
At 113, NAACP evolves for relevance on racial justice agenda
by News Headlines | Jan 21, 2022 | Black History (Reconstruction to Present), Black New-US, Black Sociology and Politics, Current News Headlines
As the NAACP turns 113, look for its voice to grow louder on issues like climate change, the student debt crisis and the ongoing response to the coronavirus pandemic — while keeping voting rights and criminal justice reform at the forefront of its priorities. The...
A Hidden Figure in North American Archaeology
As a historian of science, I am interested in determining who gets credit for scientific discoveries and why. Sadly, credit often goes to the powerful and connected, not to the people who actually do the work. Gender, race, status, and age discrimination often play a...
An exceptional baseball player and committed humanitarian, "Roberto Clemente" on AMERICAN EXPERIENCE – Jan. 25 at 9 pm
AMERICAN EXPERIENCE "Roberto Clemente" Tuesday, January 25, 2022 9:00-10:00 p.m. An Intimate Portrait of a Baseball Player and Humanitarian Whose Passion and Grace Made Him a Legend On December 31, 1972, Roberto Clemente, a 37-year-old baseball player for...
NAACP-CBS Production Partnership Announces New Little Rock 9 Limited S – BOTWC
by News Headlines | Jan 19, 2022 | Black History (Reconstruction to Present), Black Sociology and Politics, Current News Headlines
The series is a deep dive into pertinent American history! According to Deadline, the NAACP-CBS production partnership will be releasing a new limited series based on the Little Rock 9. In 2020, the NAACP announced a multi-year partnership with CBS to produce content...
Commentary: Protect African American communities in the crosshairs of Mark Clark extension
As Charleston's growth accelerates, our community must continually question what parts of our landscape we are willing to fight for and clarify what is essential to our culture and history. African American settlement communities are an important part of the...


text:
Q: Can you find a topological homotopy given two spaces' singular chain complexes are chain homotopic? I understand that a homotopy equivalence between two spaces induces a chain homotopy on simplicial homotopy groups $h:C_n(X)\rightarrow C_{n+1}(Y)$, however I was unsure about the converse. Ie given $h:C_n(X)\rightarrow C_{n+1}(Y)$ chain homotopy, is it true that $X \simeq Y$ (homotopic)?

A: The converse is not true. Even when chain complexes are chain homotopy equivalent by a chain map that is not induced from a continuous map.
When two chain complexes have isomorphic homologies, then they are homotopy equivalent (see this: https://mathoverflow.net/questions/10974/does-homology-detect-chain-homotopy-equivalence ). You didn't specify coefficients so I presume it is $\mathbb{Z}$. I don't think this is true for arbitrary coefficients, but should be true for any principal ideal domain. Also homologies are typically easier to work with than chain complexes, that's why I use them here.
So all you have to do is to find any two spaces with isomorphic homologies, but not homotopy equivalent, e.g. a point and double comb.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
#region Project Description [About this]
// =================================================================================
//            The whole Project is Licensed under the MIT License
// =================================================================================
// =================================================================================
//    Wiesend's Dynamic Link Library is a collection of reusable code that
//    I've written, or found throughout my programming career.
//
//    I tried my very best to mention all of the original copyright holders.
//    I hope that all code which I've copied from others is mentioned and all
//    their copyrights are given. The copied code (or code snippets) could
//    already be modified by me or others.
// =================================================================================
#endregion of Project Description
#region Original Source Code [Links to all original source code]
// =================================================================================
//          Original Source Code [Links to all original source code]
// =================================================================================
// https://github.com/JaCraig/Craig-s-Utility-Library
// =================================================================================
//    I didn't wrote this source totally on my own, this class could be nearly a
//    clone of the project of James Craig, I did highly get inspired by him, so
//    this piece of code isn't totally mine, shame on me, I'm not the best!
// =================================================================================
#endregion of where is the original source code
#region Licenses [MIT Licenses]
#region MIT License [James Craig]
// =================================================================================
//    Copyright(c) 2014 James Craig
//
//    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
//    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
//    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
//    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
//    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
//    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
//    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
//    copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
//    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
//    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
//    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
//    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
//    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
//    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
//    SOFTWARE.
// =================================================================================
#endregion of MIT License [James Craig]
#region MIT License [Dominik Wiesend]
// =================================================================================
//    Copyright(c) 2016 Dominik Wiesend. All rights reserved.
//
//    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
//    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
//    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
//    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
//    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
//    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
//    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
//    copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
//    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
//    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
//    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
//    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
//    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
//    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
//    SOFTWARE.
// =================================================================================
#endregion of MIT License [Dominik Wiesend]
#endregion of Licenses [MIT Licenses]

using System.Collections.Generic;
using Wiesend.DataTypes;
using Wiesend.ORM.Interfaces;
using Wiesend.ORM.Manager.Mapper.Interfaces;
using Wiesend.ORM.Manager.Schema.Interfaces;
using Wiesend.ORM.Manager.SourceProvider.Interfaces;

namespace Wiesend.ORM.Manager.Schema.Default.LDAP
{
    ///
    /// LDAP schema generator
    ///
    public class LDAPSchemaGenerator : ISchemaGenerator
    {
        ///
        /// Constructor
        ///
        public LDAPSchemaGenerator(QueryProvider.Manager Provider, SourceProvider.Manager SourceProvider)
        {
            this.Provider = Provider;
            this.SourceProvider = SourceProvider;
        }

        ///
        /// Provider name associated with the schema generator
        ///
        public string ProviderName { get { return "LDAP"; } }

        ///
        /// Query provider object
        ///
        protected QueryProvider.Manager Provider { get; private set; }

        ///
        /// Source provider object
        ///
        protected SourceProvider.Manager SourceProvider { get; private set; }

        ///
        /// Generates a list of commands used to modify the source. If it does not exist prior, the
        /// commands will create the source from scratch. Otherwise the commands will only add new
        /// fields, tables, etc. It does not delete old fields.
        ///
        /// <param name="DesiredStructure">Desired source structure</param>
        /// <param name="Source">Source to use</param>
        /// <returns>List of commands generated</returns>
        public IEnumerable<string> GenerateSchema(ISource DesiredStructure, ISourceInfo Source)
        {
            return new List<string>();
        }

        ///
        /// Gets the structure of a source
        ///
        /// <param name="Source">Source to use</param>
        /// <returns>The source structure</returns>
        public ISource GetSourceStructure(ISourceInfo Source)
        {
            return null;
        }

        ///
        /// Sets up the specified database schema
        ///
        /// <param name="Mappings">The mappings.</param>
        /// <param name="Database">The database.</param>
        /// <param name="QueryProvider">The query provider.</param>
        /// <param name="Structure">The structure.</param>
        public void Setup(ListMapping<IDatabase, IMapping> Mappings, IDatabase Database, QueryProvider.Manager QueryProvider, Graph<IMapping> Structure)
        {
        }

        ///
        /// Checks if a source exists
        ///
        /// <param name="Source">Source to check</param>
        /// <param name="Info">Source info to use</param>
        /// <returns>True if it exists, false otherwise</returns>
        public bool SourceExists(string Source, ISourceInfo Info)
        {
            return true;
        }

        ///
        /// Checks if a stored procedure exists
        ///
        /// <param name="StoredProcedure">Stored procedure to check</param>
        /// <param name="Source">Source to use</param>
        /// <returns>True if it exists, false otherwise</returns>
        public bool StoredProcedureExists(string StoredProcedure, ISourceInfo Source)
        {
            return false;
        }

        ///
        /// Checks if a table exists
        ///
        /// <param name="Table">Table to check</param>
        /// <param name="Source">Source to use</param>
        /// <returns>True if it exists, false otherwise</returns>
        public bool TableExists(string Table, ISourceInfo Source)
        {
            return false;
        }

        ///
        /// Checks if a trigger exists
        ///
        /// <param name="Trigger">Trigger to check</param>
        /// <param name="Source">Source to use</param>
        /// <returns>True if it exists, false otherwise</returns>
        public bool TriggerExists(string Trigger, ISourceInfo Source)
        {
            return false;
        }

        ///
        /// Checks if a view exists
        ///
        /// <param name="View">View to check</param>
        /// <param name="Source">Source to use</param>
        /// <returns>True if it exists, false otherwise</returns>
        public bool ViewExists(string View, ISourceInfo Source)
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
}


text:
CNN's Newest Anti-Semitic Employees Just The Latest In Their Shameful History
By Moshe Hill
CNN came under fire this week when two of their employees were exposed for vile, anti-Semitic tweets back in 2011. Although there has been one resignation so far, anyone familiar with CNN's history should not be surprised that their vetting process did not catch this, prior to hiring these employees. They have long since turned a blind eye to a certain type of bigotry, namely bigotry towards Jews.
Mohammed Elshamy was hired by CNN this January as a photo editor. He resigned after his multiple tweets referring to Israelis as "Zionist pigs" and "Jewish pigs." He celebrated a terror attack at a Jerusalem bus stop that killed two and injured 39 more. One of the people killed was a Christian woman, and the other was a 14-year-old girl who died 6 years later from her wounds. After the bombing, Elshamy tweeted: "More than 4 Jewish pigs killed in #Jerusalem today by the Palestinian bomb explode. #Israel #Gaza." After the tweet resurfaced, Elshamy deleted it and resigned.
Karim Farid, a CNN Arabic digital tech show host, also had a resurfaced tweet from 2011. "I love you, Hitler," he wrote. He then praised the Nazi leader for "his determination to reach his goal." Farid has "deeply" apologized for the tweets, claiming they were taken out of context.
These two offenders tend to remind viewers of other anti-Semitic CNN incidents and contributors. Marc Lamont Hill was a CNN Contributor until he went on the floor of the United Nations in November 2018 advocating for Palestinians. While anti-Israeli groups like IfNotNow claim that all pro-Israel Jews believe that advocating for Palestinians is anti-Semitic, it is not. It was Hill's use of the phrase "a free Palestine from the river to the sea" – that's when he crossed over into anti-Semitism. That phrase, as many know, denotes the extermination of the Jewish state and the Jews who live within it. Hill's dismissal from CNN has not deterred his anti-Semitic attitude. Two weeks ago, at far-left conference Netroots Nation, he referred to major networks, such as NBC, ABC, and Fox, as "Zionist organization[s]" promoting "Zionist content."
In 2015, 34-year CNN veteran and news anchor Jim Clancy resigned after a series of anti-Semitic tweets. Clancy was reacting to the terrorist attack on the French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo. The attack, which killed 14 people, came after the paper published cartoons of the Muslim prophet Muhammad, but Clancy disagreed. "The cartoons NEVER mocked the Prophet," he said. "They mocked how the COWARDS tried to distort his word." After a terrorist monitoring organization corrected him, he accused them of pushing Israeli propaganda. CNN announced a few days later that he was no longer with the network.
CNN's anti-Semitism is not limited to employees. One of the most important resources available for anti-Semitic and anti-Israel media headlines and content is HonestReporting. Founded in 2000 after an egregious photo was printed in The New York Times and other outlets, HonestReporting's mission is to ensure that Israel receives "fair treatment by the world press according to the same standards applied to any other country." In the last few years, they have taken CNN to task for headlines and stories that are phrased differently when Jews are the victims.
During the multitude of stabbing attacks in Israel in 2015 by Palestinians, CNN's stories were filled with language that would not be acceptable anywhere else in the world. A headline for an interview between Wolf Blitzer and an Israeli spokesman read "Deadly Attacks In Israel Cause Concern." As HonestReporting says, "Concern is not an apt description for the fear that Israelis are experiencing…" Another story referred to Israelis defending themselves from the knife attacks with their guns as "reprisal attacks." Yet, another story, in which a 72-year-old woman was stabbed at a bus station, obfuscates the nationality and motivation of the attacker, "The nationality of the victim and the attacker are unclear…" Local media coverage contained all the information CNN would have needed.
Later in 2015, CNN Money published an article about ISIS, and the territory they were taking. The article included a map of the Middle East. The map, according to CNN, was not developed in-house, rather pulled from stock images. Of all the images they could have pulled, CNN chose a map that did not correctly label Israel, instead the map read "Palestina" (a Spanish or Portuguese translation of "Palestine"). CNN Money changed the map on the article after HonestReporting and their supporters publicized it.
In 2016, CNN published a list of terrorist attacks that occurred worldwide between June 14 and July 14. The list included attacks in Iraq, Bangladesh, Texas, Saudi Arabia, Kenya, Somalia, Florida, and France. The list did not include multiple terrorist attacks in Israel, which included the murders of a 13-year-old girl and a Chevron rabbi.
In 2017, CNN claimed that a terrorist attack occurred at a border crossing in Judea and Samaria when they were, in reality, at the entrance to a small town, not at the border. Later that year they published a map with graphs of all the sexual assaults in the Arab States in the Middle East. They colored Israel to look like one of the Arab States. This was later corrected.
In March 2019, during the Gazan rocket attacks, CNN International had a headline that claimed that a rocket "landed" north of Tel Aviv. As HonestReporting tweeted "No @cnni, the rocket didn't just 'land.' Planes land, birds land. This rocket took out a house. #HeadlineFail." CNN International changed the headline. There are dozens of more examples from these years and more.
CNN is a massive worldwide organization with over 3,000 employees; CNN publishes thousands of articles. They are constantly churning out news, which is their business model. Like all businesses, there are bound to be defective products or bad employees mixed in. However, it is incumbent upon the Jewish community and the pro-Israel community to ensure that when a false headline or an anti-Semitic employee does slip through the cracks, CNN must be held accountable. This is the only way to keep them honest in the future, and to guarantee equal media coverage as the rest of the world receives.
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Enjoy nature without giving up creature comforts at these cabins near Ballarat. Cabins are a great introduction to the outdoors for those curious about camping.
Go a campervan or motorhome? Need some power for your camping? Check out these 10 campgrounds with power near Ballarat.


Wow! It's been a while.. I have been knitting and working and many of you may have seen my latest book that came out last year!
If not here it is!
I like this one it was fun to knit hats! They are a quick and easy project! My favorite is the one on the top left with the flower pin!! So easy that one!
Another thing I have been doing is knitting a lot of prayer shawls and a few items for commission. I have knitted a log cabin blanket, a mermaid tail and a whole whack of prayer shawls.
Lately, I have been researching for another book project with my mother, that is a bit different than my other ones. It has involved, and will involve, some travel to go see some really neat items! I can't talk about it just yet… but I can't wait to share it with you!
I have also been starting on a journey to make my home healthier! Eliminating chemicals and cleaning naturally by using essential oils and other products. I am going to try to start blogging a bit more often. At least once a week and updating the site so keep watching this space!
This entry was posted in Knitting With Needles, Life With Faith by Denise. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Labour leaders urge extra funding after Census reveals population increases
PUBLISHED: 09:54 24 July 2012
Robin de Peyer
A group of Labour council leaders and Mayors have written to the government urging it to act on the funding shortages they say were revealed by the Census data.
In the letter, which was signed by leader of Tower Hamlets Labour Group Joshua Peck, the signatories claim that the cumulative populations of their boroughs have been underestimated by 300,000.
As a result of this, they claim that there is a £300m funding shortfall across their boroughs from central government grants, which are calculated using population projections, which have proven inaccurate.
They say: "The Councils we represent have seen above average increases in our population and as a result all have significantly higher populations than was previously projected and funded for.
"Between us, we face a funding shortfall of almost £300 million each year as a result of these inadequate population estimates."
The Census figures, published last week, revealed that the population grew at a higher rate in Tower Hamlets than in any other local authority in England and Wales, with a 26 per cent increase, from 201,100 in 2001 to 254,100 in 2011.
The letter continues: "Between us we are missing funding for over 300,000 residents – the equivalent of a large London Borough.
"As Council Leaders, elected Mayors and Group Leaders we call on the Government to ensure that we receive the funding that we are entitled to. Local Government funding must be based on reality, not fantasy."