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June 23, 2011 August 18, 2017 by Roslyn
Life imitates [filmmaking] art
Field and travel
birds, colour, courtship, field work, Hollywood, lek, Los Angeles, movies, peacocks, peafowl, research, signal
Congratulations to Myra Burrell – her peacockumentary has been short-listed for the Animal Behavior Society's film festival!
Myra, a veteran of the natural history film program at the University of Otago in New Zealand, traveled to California with me in 2010. She helped with peacock field work, capturing more females than anyone thought possible. Somehow, in the meantime, she made a movie about the birds. It's a short film that gives you an idea about what happens on a peacock lek, from the hen's point of view.
It's quite an honour to be among the 6 films selected for festival screening, since they must get on the order of ~100 applicants. If Myra wins, it would be oddly fitting: a wildlife film straight out of a park that moonlights as a real Hollywood set.
You can watch "Hen's Quest" here.
The best parts? I love the music and Myra's cinematography. I contributed writing (including the title!) and did the artwork; Brian McGirr turned my map drawing into a fantastic animation. Good luck, Myra!
Cuttlefish strike a pose for 3D camouflage
adaptation, colour, communication, deception, evolution, invertebrates, predation, research, science, signal
In the game of hide and seek, cuttlefish have the upper hand. These chameleons of the sea are astonishingly good at disappearing: they can instantaneously change the colour of their skin to blend in with the background, matching even the finicky details like the pattern of coloured rocks on the ocean floor.
Divers have long known that cuttlefish are masters of the 3D camouflage game, too, and new research from the Wood's Hole Oceanographic Institute has revealed how they do it.
Alexandra Barbosa, a graduate student, and Dr. Roger Hanlon were interested in the way cuttlefish strike a pose when trying to hide. After encountering a predator, these octopus-like animals will flee among the corals, rocks and algae, and freeze with their arms contorted into shapes that mimic nearby objects – a feat made all the more impressive by the fact that cuttlefish arms can bend in any direction. Some birds and insects are also known to camouflage themselves with body posture, but few come close to cuttlefish in shape-shifting flexibility (see photos of cephalopod camouflage in the wild here).
To understand just how they do it, Barbosa and her colleagues in Dr. Hanlon's lab presented captive cuttlefish with some highly unusual surroundings: jailbird stripes, in black and white. In response, the cuttlefish got theatrical, raising their arms roughly parallel to the angle of the stripes. And when the researchers shifted the angle of the background image, the cuttlefish stretched their arms into a new position in an attempt to stay hidden.
Cuttlefish posing against different backgrounds. Modified from Barbosa et al. 2011 (see Figure 1).
Intriguingly, not all of the ten individuals tested were able to match the angle perfectly all of the time – but these quirks may not be surprising given that cuttlefish camouflage is so complex. After all, in nature cephalopods get to choose their own hiding places, a decision that might involve several different factors. According to the researchers, camouflaged cuttlefish are even known to gently wave their arms to match the movement of the underwater plants they are trying to mimic.
These results are a clear demonstration that cuttlefish use vision to guide their 3D camouflage, since the study animals matched a flat background image. Moreover, Barbosa and Hanlon have shown that shape-shifting cephalopods can easily handle scenarios that would never occur in the environment where these behaviours evolved, and adjust just as flexibly to this artificial environment as they do in their natural habitats.
Captive experiments like this are just the first step in understanding how cuttlefish use visual cues to hide, and some big questions remain. For instance, little is known about how cuttlefish can detect and match colours so well despite the fact that they are, in effect, colourblind – Hanlon has found that giant Australian cuttlefish can take on the colouration of rocks on the ocean floor even in the middle of the night.
These remarkable split-second decisions about where, and how, to hide might also help us understand something bigger. Strategic camouflage is just one aspect of the surprising intelligence of cuttlefish, which have the largest brains for a given body size of any invertebrate – these animals are also able to learn and communicate with one another at a level that rivals many land-based animals. It will be intriguing to see where hide and seek fits in to the history of cephalopod brain evolution.
Barbosa, A. et al. 2011. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. In press.
May 24, 2011 August 18, 2017 by Roslyn
Species of serendipity
bird, chance, cognition, communication, design, dinosaur, engineering, exaptation, feathers, flight, invention, problem solving, psychology, research, signal
Like most ideas, this one arrived in the shower. I needed to write a post for this week, but my list of topics was wearing thin and the weather is finally starting to get nice enough to distract me. Sure, I had a few promising ideas lined up, but they all need more time to develop. Plus I had a DVD to watch: a Nature of Things episode on serendipity in science due back at the library. Then it hit me – of course! I'll watch the episode and then write about that.
Serendipity – supposedly one of the top ten most untranslatable words in the English language – was coined in the 1700s by Horace Walpole as a play on the tile of a Persian fairy tale. The Three Princes of Serendip takes place in Sri Lanka. It follows the adventures of three brothers exiled from the island by their father the king, in hopes that his sons might achieve a more worldly education. In the course of their travels, the princes go on to solve many mysteries – like unintentionally tracking down a lost camel on scant evidence – thanks to their sagacity and a series of lucky accidents.
Since Walpole, the word has taken on a close association with Eureka moments in science, starting with Archimedes' famous bath. Supposedly, the ancient Greek mathematician solved the problem of measuring the volume of irregular objects after noticing how his own body displaced water in the tub.
Scientists have taken a great interest in tracking serendipity, perhaps because it seems to play a role in research success. Wikipedia has an extensive list of celebrated examples, from Viagra to chocolate chip cookies. Many have looked for ways to encourage this kind of scholarly luck. For instance, after his Nobel prize winning work on viruses, the molecular biologist Max Delbrück is perhaps best known for coming up with the principle of limited sloppiness: researchers should be careless enough that unexpected things can happen, but not so sloppy that they can't reproduce them when they do. Alexander Fleming had this advantage when he discovered penicillin. He first noticed its antibiotic effects in a stack of dirty culture dishes that he hadn't bothered to clean before leaving for summer vacation.
So how do people study something that is by definition rare and unusual? Psychology Today has summed up some of the latest research on luck, most of it based on surveys of people who claim to be especially serendipitous1. Not surprisingly, they are more competent, confident and willing to take risks than the rest of us. They are also more extroverted and less neurotic than most. Being born in the summer apparently helps as well – especially May.
Other advice might be more practical.
May 1, 2011 August 18, 2017 by Roslyn
What the?!
colour, communication, courtship, diversity, invertebrates, mate choice, peacock, signal, spider
Check out the video below (source link). The peacock jumping spider is definitely worth your time, but skip to 2:45 if you're in a hurry.
Unbelievable!
Thanks to Barrie Frost for sending this.
April 25, 2011 August 18, 2017 by Roslyn
Furious about eyespots
birds, courtship, eyespots, field work, humans, intelligent design, lek, Los Angeles, mate choice, peacock, peafowl, research, science, sexual selection, signal, zoo
I think I flubbed an interview this week. My supervisor Bob and I just published a paper that is getting some press, because it addresses a recent controversy about the peacock's train1. Eager for the interview with Nature News, I wasn't exactly prepared with good lines for the reporter to go on – and I wonder if that's why he had to pump up our story as a "furious debate"2.
In truth, most of the "debate" played out in a flurry of news articles back in 2008. That was when Mariko Takahashi and her colleagues in Tokyo and Kanagawa published the fruits of their exhaustive 7-year study of the peafowl at the Izu Cactus Park in Shizuoka, Japan3. I've never met Takahashi, although I did meet her supervisor and one other player in this story at a conference back then, and all were quite friendly. But the title of Takahashi's 2008 paper, "Peahens do not prefer peacocks with more elaborate trains" was a direct jab at an earlier one, "Peahens prefer peacocks with more elaborate trains", by Marion Petrie in the UK4. Takahashi and her coauthors had the difficult task of proving a negative – and they did it pretty convincingly, with the aid of a much more extensive data set than anyone had gathered before with this species. The upshot? For a peacock in Japan, having a bigger train ornament doesn't necessarily win you any favours with the ladies.
Bigger in terms of the number of eyespots visible in the ornament during courtship, that is; males have about 150 on average, each on the end of a single feather. The results of the Japanese study were in direct contradiction to Marion Petrie's earlier work as well as some recent studies of peafowl in France suggesting that eyespot number is often correlated with male mating success4,5. What's more, in the 1990s Petrie had confirmed the causal effect of eyespots by showing that you could alter a male's fate just by removing about 20 of them6.
Taken at the Los Angeles Arboretum in 2009. Photo by Roslyn Dakin.
The Japanese team proposed a rather bold new hypothesis. Perhaps the cumbersome, ridiculous train ornament is obsolete – a relic of sexual selection past, no longer used by females in quite the same way as it was when it first evolved3.
This was taken up with gusto by the news media. Check out the headlines: "Peacock feathers: That's so last year", "Have peacock tails lost their sexual allure?", "Peacock feathers fail to impress the ladies". Amusingly, this last article was also published with the title, "Female peacocks not impressed by male feathers" by Discovery News7-10. Males could probably be forgiven for striking out with those elusive female peacocks, since they don't actually exist.
Headlines aside, Takahashi's interpretation is somewhat of a concern. Here's why: creationists picked up on this story too11.
March 25, 2011 August 18, 2017 by Roslyn
I can haz toxoplasmosis
behaviour, cats, cognition, communication, culture, dogs, domestication, history, humans, internet, learning, mammals, parasites, predation, research, science, signal
In which you will learn why online cats are so attractive, and discover a new way to lose hours to the internet.
First, the cats. Charlie and I were hashing out the finer points of Facebook, memes and internet superstars, when, in frustration, I brought up his most hated animal.
"Look. Cute baby videos and LOLcats are popular because people send links to their friends. Nobody sits down and says, 'Well it's quarter to 10, the same time I always drink my coffee and look for the latest cute cat photos on the–' "
Self defeat and laughter mid-sentence, when I remembered living with my friend Jessica in Toronto. She had a brutal job in psychiatric research north of the city. After a hard day, that was exactly what she did. Nothing cheered this woman up like online cat research.
Felis catus is a polarizing species. Some people despise them. Ancient Egyptians and cat ladies have made a religion out of them. The story goes that wild cats were first domesticated in ancient Egypt for useful things like keeping rats out of grain stores and killing poisonous snakes, but this might be more myth than reality. Cats were probably kept around as tame rat-catchers much earlier, certainly before recorded history, and very likely around the beginning of agriculture itself. People were depicting cats on pottery 10,000 years ago1. Cyprus can boast the first Stone Age cat lover. A 9,500 year old burial site on the island is the earliest evidence of humans bonding with these animals, since a cat was intentionally buried alongside a human body there2. The fact that the cat was not butchered, and the inclusion of decorative seashells and stones in the grave, prove that cats had achieved cultural importance beyond their agricultural utility back then.
The European wildcat Felis silvestris is a close relative of the earliest domesticated species. Photo by Péter Csonka from Wikimedia Commons.
But could the cat haters be right – is there something off about feline love? After all, cats aren't really that useful, at least not when compared to dogs. Dog people might be pleased to hear that when you consider all living and extinct canid and felid species, dogs have bigger brains than cats – probably because they tend to be the more social animals3. Indeed, dogs adapted readily in response to domestication, evolving a number of cognitive abilities that make them particularly good at understanding human gestures – much better, even, than chimpanzees4. Naïve 4-month old puppies will quickly learn what it means when a human points, without any training or close contact with humans beforehand5. Cats can do this too, but they require a lot more effort to learn how6. Dogs can detect certain forms of cancer in humans by smell, and they are often the first ones to notice that something is wrong with their owners7. I have yet to find any high profile studies on feline pathologists. Which raises the question: if cats could do it, would they care enough to try?
And in a bizarre twist, there's reason to think that our magnetic attraction to cats might be the result of a real parasitic disease.
Identity evolves
cognition, communication, diversity, evolution, family, field work, mammals, nepotism, predation, reciprocity, science, signal
"Everyone is special." The paradoxical refrain of baby boomer parents to their millenial offspring is true, so long as you're a rodent living in a large, stable group of good communicators.
I recently wrote about the phenomenon of identity signals in animals, where variable colours and patchy-looking patterns can provide signatures of individuality, much like the human face. These are not limited to the visual domain. Think of how easily you can recognize a person's voice – even someone you don't know very well – from just a few lines of speech, like when a celebrity turns up in an animated movie.
But I didn't have a chance to cover the latest news on this topic. In some very plain looking rodents, we now have evidence that individuality evolves1. Some of the plainest looking critters, like the Belding's ground squirrel shown below, have the most distinctive snarfs and grumbles – and it all has to do with the number of group-mates they typically interact with.
Two Belding's ground squirrel pups peek out of a burrow. Photo by Alan Vernon from Wikimedia Commons.
The new results came out this month in the high profile journal Current Biology. Previously, researchers had looked for the evolution of individuality in a handful of bird and bat species. The prior studies examined distinctiveness in the begging calls offspring make to their parents, contrasting pairs of closely-related species that vary in the number of offspring in shared "crèche" or communal nest sites2,3. But nobody had tackled the evolution of individuality in a broad context.
Until Kim Pollard, that is. Pollard, a recent PhD graduate from UCLA, and her supervisor Dan Blumstein decided to look at this question in the social marmots. You might remember Blumstein from another recent post; his interests range from mammal conservation and environmental education to the bioacoustics of movie soundtracks.
For Kim Pollard's study of identity signalling, marmots were an ideal choice. Marmota is a large genus of 14 different species in the squirrel family, all social, and all with their own alarm calls that they use to warn neighbours and family members about nearby predators. Species like the yellow-bellied marmot and Richardson's ground squirrel also have the ability to recognize each other based on the unique sound of these calls4,5.
Crucially for Pollard and Blumstein, social group size also varies in the genus, ranging from about 5 to 15 individuals per clan or family group. This allowed the authors to test the hypothesis that group size has been an important factor in the evolution of distinctiveness, since, as they put it, "The bigger the crowd, the more it takes to stand out."
February 28, 2011 August 18, 2017 by Roslyn
A case of mistaken celebrity
birds, communication, diversity, field work, Hollywood, humans, insects, invertebrates, learning, lek, mammals, peacock, peafowl, research, science, signal
They all look the same to us. Celebrities, that is. And by us, I mean academics.
The proof starts with peacocks. Last fall, I was working on some measurements I took of the crest ornament in these birds. Peafowl have this funky little fan of feathers on top of their heads, and though it's not that small in the grand scheme of fancy bird plumage ornaments, the peacock's five centimetre crest looks a bit ridiculous next to the metre-and-a-half long train.
Why bother having a crest when you also have a big train? And why do females wear crests too? In this species, the crest appears to be the only plumage ornament shared by both sexes. Here are some of my pictures from the field, taken on the cusp of the breeding season:
Crests of (a) male and (b-c) female peafowl. Scale bars are 10 cm. Photos by Roslyn Dakin.
Over the years, I've measured the crests of close to 150 birds. These data lend some support to the idea that the crest is a signal of health in both males and females, although it might work in slightly different ways for the two sexes1. As you can see from the picture above, there is a lot of variation in how the crests look – and it's mostly on the female side of the equation. Almost all adult males have tidy looking crests like the one shown in (a), but females often have crests with a lot of new feathers growing in (c). It turns out that males in better condition tend to have fuller, wider crests. The healthiest females, on the other hand, have crests that look most like those of males, with all feathers grown out to the top level (b).
The extreme variability among females leads to an additional hypothesis, and it's one that I can't rule out at this time. Perhaps the crest is a signal of individual identity that the birds use to sort out who's who in their social groups – just as faces do for us. A clue that this could potentially work for peahens is that my field assistants and I can do it. Once you spend enough time hanging around with these birds, you find yourself recognizing certain females that haven't been captured yet (and that therefore lack identifying leg bands). Your first clue? Usually a unique pattern of crest feathers.
The winning score
acoustics, communication, Hollywood, mammals, movies, music, predator, research, science, signal
As Hollywood gets dolled up for the Oscars, fans at home might surprised to learn that a field biologist could tell us a thing or two about the winning films. Dan Blumstein, a behavioural ecologist who works, quite fittingly, at UCLA, is an expert on yellow-bellied marmots. He might also be the person to turn to if you want to predict the win in the "Best Original Score" category this weekend.
Although Blumstein does most of his work with wild marmots in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, studying several facets of their behaviour and evolution, he recently published a paper on the science of movie soundtracks1. With Richard Davitian and Peter Kaye from the School of Music at Kingston University in the UK, Blumstein applied techniques from his research on marmot vocal communication to an entirely new question: why are Hollywood moviemakers so good at manipulating our emotions? The results pick up on a common theme in the way humans and other animals use sound.
Groupthink
birds, cognition, communication, courtship, deception, flight, flock, insects, mammals, mate choice, peacock, primates, sexual selection, signal, sociality, swarm, tutorial
Which animal would use Facebook most, if it could?
My poll in class last week was a popular one – a fact that I couldn't properly enjoy, since Charlie came up with it for me in a fit of brain-dead incapacity. Charlie's Facebook question elicited chirps of excitement, compliments and even a few drawings on the response sheets. Here are the results, ranked by favour among the students:
Chimpanzees: So they have opposable thumbs, and can "use the spacebar" (is this actually important in Facebook?). A number of students gave bonobos special mention, since they would probably want to keep track of all their casual sexual relationships.
Dolphins: Highly intelligent, social, and they might also be interested in monitoring multiple sexual conquests. Dolphins and migratory whales could use Facebook to keep in touch while roaming widely over the oceans – the long-distance relationships of the animal kingdom. For some reason, students in different tutorial groups who chose dolphins were inspired to draw them for me as well. Coincidence?
Parrots and other birds: Especially in species that have high levels of extra-pair paternity, birds could use Facebook as a form of mate-guarding to keep tabs on their social partner1,2. There are other reasons to think that songbirds might easily make the transition to internet gossip. Female black-capped chickadees, for instance, eavesdrop on the outcome of song contests between rival males, and use this information when deciding on a mate3.
Eusocial animals: Like ants or naked mole rats (the only known eusocial mammal). A couple of students also mentioned highly social meerkats, since living in groups of 10-40 individuals would require them to keep track of a lot of social information.
Other yappy follower-types: hyenas, seals, lemmings, and Yorkshire terriers all got a mention.
Charlie and I discussed it over dinner at the Iron Duke. My first thought went to ants, for their extreme group lifestyle. The problem is that ants don't really care about what other ants do or think about each other. Insect sociality is all about the greater good: worker ants toil away for the colony despite having no hope of reproducing on their own. Ok, so maybe the internet isn't conducive to real reproduction either, but ants just don't have the ego required. Plus, as one clever student pointed out, a colony of eusocial animals are all very close genetic relatives of one another – and she tends to block family members from Facebook.
Charlie mentioned peacocks for spending so much time on courtship and preening, but I rejected that one too.
Not when cupid strikes
communication, contraception, hormones, mammals, mate choice, medicine, MHC genes, science, sex, signal
"Not when cupid strikes."
That was Christine Drea's response at the Animal Behavior meeting last summer. She had just given a talk on her latest study, showing the dramatic effects of hormonal contraception on the way lemurs communicate with the opposite sex1. I was asking her what advice she gives to women about birth control. On the 50th anniversary of the Pill, scientists like Drea were adding to the evidence that we might want to think twice about our widespread use of these drugs. The lemur research suggests that hormonal contraception could be replacing one "problem that has no name" – Betty Friedan's idea of the dissatisfaction felt by modern women – with another2.
Like many primates, ring-tailed lemurs have a complicated system of signaling to one another through scent. Males are able to detect the sex, fertility and even the identity of a particular female by smell alone3. At first glance, the connection to humans might seem far-fetched, since our noses are pretty poor compared to other mammals. But we are relatively well-endowed when it comes to scent production: humans have more scent glands on the surface of our skin than any other primate4.
We also have some surprising olfactory abilities lurking beneath the surface. The classic example is the T-shirt test. In the 1990s, researchers at the University of Bern in Switzerland gave a group of men T-shirts to take home, with instructions to sleep and sweat in them over the next two nights5. When women were later asked to sort the dirty T-shirts based on pleasantness of smell, they did something surprising. Their rankings came down to genes: the more genetically distinct a man was from a female rater, the more she liked his scent.
February 6, 2011 August 18, 2017 by Roslyn
Wherefore the mustache?
adaptation, birds, communication, courtship, deception, evolution, fish, humans, mammal, mammals, mate choice, research, science, sexual selection, signal, status, teaching, tutorial
Ears, palms, toes, neck, and nose. In that order.
These are the grossest places for humans to have hair, according to Queen's students. Ok, there were a few others that I didn't mention. The upper lip, however, did not receive a single vote.
Last fall a number of men in the biology department grew competitive mustaches for "Movember" prostate cancer research fundraising. This required mass beard shaving on the first of November. Martin Mallet, known for his thick coat of fur, emphatic hand gestures and all-around intensity, suddenly transformed into a meek imposter. For the first time Martin had no probing questions for the speaker at the EEB seminar. I can't help but wonder: if he did, would anyone have noticed?
I started to recognize Martin again when the hair on his upper lip attained visibility. Other men of Movember fared less well. It can't be a good thing when the people who work in the same office as you don't even notice your new, mustachioed face.
But what, if anything, is it for? My experience suggests that human facial hair serves as a male status signal. Is this why we evolved mustaches in the first place?
Why do mustaches evolve? Inca tern, from Wikimedia Commons.
In class the other week we discussed Stephen Jay Gould and the trouble with adaptationism. Gould famously criticized the proliferation of sloppy adaptive reasoning in his 1979 paper "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm"1. He took aim at scientists who apply adaptive "story-telling" to nearly anything – from the colour of our skin to the size of our noses – in an unverifiable, unfalsifiable way.
It can be easy to jump on the adaptationist bandwagon, since these stories are often quite plausible. This may have been especially true when "Spandrels" was written, due to the rise of some revolutionary ideas about how to apply evolutionary biology to the study of social behaviour. There was plenty of new research to be done. Of course, many of the people doing this research disagreed with Gould's characterization2. At its worst, adaptationist thinking might lead to some bad science, especially when it comes to human behaviour (where confounds are especially hard to control). But speculation is a necessary part of the scientific method, and adaptive reasoning can be a good place to start.
It is worth noting that Gould's paper has been enormously influential. "Spandrels" has been cited well over 3500 times. I'm still waiting on citation number 3 for my Master's research.
And yet, the response of the research community to the "Spandrels" critique has largely been, "That's well said, but let's get back to our field work."2 In that spirit, consider the mustache. Can we speculate about it in a reasonable way, avoiding the big adaptationist pitfalls?
First of all, is this question worth asking?
Super indelible flower colours
adaptation, birds, colour, evolution, grad school, graduate, hummingbirds, insects, plants, research, science, signal
How do you fire a pollinator?
That was the question in last week's Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour departmental seminar. The speaker was James Thomson, an evolutionary ecologist from the University of Toronto who specializes in the interactions between plants and their animal pollinators. His research shows that nectar-addled hummingbirds are like corporate ladder climbers. Bees, on the other hand, are always getting canned.
Pollination syndromes have been a major focus of Thomson's work1. These are not garden ailments. "Syndrome" here refers to a suite of traits that tend to be found together, in this case because they help a plant attract a certain kind of pollinator.
Bird-pollinated flowers tend to be red and tube-shaped, producing lots of nectar but relatively little scent. Birds have sharp vision, and do not depend much on their sense of smell. Honeysuckle is an example of this type of flower – or anything that looks like a hummingbird feeder. Bee-pollinated flowers come in shades of yellow, blue, and purple, because bees cannot see the colour red. Familiar examples are sunflowers, snapdragons and wild pansies. These often have petals modified into special bee landing platforms. Flowers that specialize on birds and bees are common, but there are many other pollination syndromes. If a flower is orange-brown and smells like rot, it probably depends on carrion flies. Mammal-pollinated flowers often smell fruity, like synthetic grape flavouring.
In his talk, James Thomson reviewed a decade's worth of work on beardtongue flowers from the genus Penstemon2. In 2007, Thomson and his collaborators used genetic analyses to build the evolutionary tree for close to 200 of the species in this group3. When flower traits were mapped on to the Penstemon family tree, interesting patterns were revealed.
First, the bird and bee pollinated species were distributed broadly throughout, implying frequent transitions between these two syndromes in the history of the Penstemon group. Like an evolutionary magnet, pollination by one type of animal or another exerts a strong pull on multiple flower traits in concert. Evolving species are drawn rapidly towards a new form, so you almost never find intermediates.
This lability or changeable nature of floral traits was not much of a surprise, but the Penstemon tree also suggested something incredible. Floral evolution was directional.
Reaching the other side, in synchrony
birds, courtship, diversity, evolution, insects, invertebrates, lek, research, robots, signal, species recognition, synchrony
It's a familiar site on campus here during the first week of class: packs of jaywalkers moving in tight co-ordination, in sync with the flow of oncoming cars. From traffic lights and power grids to stereo sound and cinema, synchrony is so common in our environment that we usually only notice it when it fails. Not so with nature: the examples of synchrony in living things tend to be much more surprising to people studying animal behaviour.
Group courtship displays are a classic example. Think of chorusing songbirds in the morning or calling frogs gathered around a pool of water at night. Readers of my blog on peacock field work might be familiar with lek-mating birds gathered around a clearing to wait for females. Peacock train displays also tend to happen in sync. One traditional explanation for these co-ordinated displays is that, by synchronizing their most conspicuous behaviour, animals might gain some protection from predation1. Another possibility is constructive interference: co-ordinated timing might allow a pair of animals to spread the message farther than either one could on its own2. Two innovative new studies on animal courtship have added to this list. The first, on firefly displays, shows that synchrony might help insects recognize members of their own species by getting rid of visual clutter.
January 3, 2011 August 18, 2017 by Roslyn
Masters of illusion
art, birds, cognition, courtship, creativity, deception, honesty, iridescence, learning, lek, peacock, perception, science, sexual selection, signal
It can be easy to see intelligence in the animals we spend a lot of time with. Everyone has their pet example, one of the most common being dogs who can anticipate the precise time of their owners' return. But what does this really say about the mental life of dogs? Some birds are capable of even more impressive mental stunts – only they often go unnoticed in the wild. Two recent field studies in Africa and Australia provide a nice illustration. The results challenge our notion of limited animal intelligence, but as we will see, the way we interpret them might say more about our own minds than it does about the birds.
Fork-tailed drongos are masters of deception. These small, glossy black birds from southern Africa are known for their ability to mimic the calls of other bird species – much like the mockingbirds found throughout the US and parts of southern Canada. Most of the time, drongos forage alone hunting insects, but occasionally they get other animals to do the hard work for them. Drongos will follow groups of meerkats and pied-babblers – mammals and birds known for their highly social lifestyles – and steal their food, a process known as kleptoparasitism. It might not be a complete loss for the victims, either. Drongo thieves give plenty of alarm calls along the way, and these may help the meerkat and babbler groups avoid predation1.
Perhaps not surprising for an accomplished mimic, the fork-tailed drongo has a diverse alarm call repertoire that includes its own unique warning "chink" as well as the calls of several other bird species. On the savannahs of the Kalahari Desert, birdwatchers noticed that drongos often seem to use these mimicked calls during kleptoparasitism, swooping in to steal food from pied-babblers immediately after sounding a false alarm1. For Tom Flower at the University of Cambridge, this was fascinating anecdotal evidence, so he set out to test whether these alarm calls are used by the drongos in a deceptive way2.
The first thing Flower needed to do was eliminate the possibility that the drongo false alarms are coincidental. If the drongos are truly deceptive, the calls should only occur when the birds are attempting to steal food. Flower also had to establish that the drongos sound the same, regardless of whether they are using their alarm calls in an honest or deceptive context. Finally, he had to show that the meerkats and babblers respond similarly in both cases.
Fork-tailed drongo.


After a busy week 85th Milton Scouts decided to end (quite literally) on a high, by visiting Walibi theme park. Unfortunately the weather was not on our side and we were all pretty soggy by the time we arrived. However, this did not dampen their spirits (excuse the pun!) and a great day was had by everyone going on rollercoasters and the other rides that were on offer. I think everyone, even those who were adamant they wouldn't go on anything, went on something and loved it! Fears were definitely overcome in a few cases with the massive drop tower being the ultimate challenge. After that we headed into Leuven for some tea, eating at this lovely Italian place with pizza to die for. A long day but a really good one!
After an awesome week it was sad to see you guys go, hope you've enjoyed it as much as I have! Safe journey home and thanks for the neckers, I feel like an honorary Milton scout….IIISSY-KAI ISSY-KAI ISSYKAI!!!!


The Trelawny Public Health Services provides preventative and curative health care primarily to a population of over 72,500 persons living in the Parish of Trelawny. This accounts for approximately 16% of the total populace of the Western Region.
To provide quality, preventative, promotive, curative and rehabilitative health care that is accessible, acceptable and reliable to the population of the Parish, facilitated by the empowerment of the communities through utilizing inter-sectoral collaboration, supported by suitably qualified and motivated personnel utilizing appropriate technological resources.
West – by line of Parish, Wiltshine Housing development, Orange Valley, Orange Hill, Hampden Lands, Cargen, Hampden Estate and Gales Valley.
There are eight (8) Private Practitioners, a Grade III District Medical Officer, and and a Grade I District Medical Officer in the district of Falmouth, however, there are no Family Nurse Practitioner's.
There is a Grade I District Medical Officer and a Family Nurse Practitioner in the district of Duncans.
West – by stony hills and valleys of mixed loams cheered by the murmur of rippling streams and springs below and within the random dispersions of the Cockpit Mountains, contribute to its peculiar terrain especially around the Burnt Hill, Wait-A-Bit, Spring Garden, Warsop, Troy and Wilson's Run areas. By and large the entire medical district is vulnerable to landslides and flooding occurs in the Troy and Spring Gardens area.


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Ziggurat Interactive Acquires BloodRayne Franchise Alongside Other Majesco Homes
Ziggurat Interactive has obtained the rights to various video game licenses previous owned by Majesco Enjoyment. While BloodRayne is the headliner listed here, Ziggurat has also acquired the licenses to Advent Rising, Raze's Hell, and Flip's Twisted World. These acquisitions be part of Ziggurat's catalog of much more than 200 owned IPs.
For BloodRayne in particular, Ziggurat Interactive is functioning with the first developer, Terminal Reality, to update the Computer versions of the game titles to boost compatibility and enhance the practical experience. The publisher is also searching into means to, "more discover and increase BloodRayne's now rich universe." BloodRayne debuted in 2002 on PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube. While the sequence is historically in the 3D hack-and-slash genre, the most latest entry, 2011's BloodRayne: Betrayal, was a 2D sidescroller. The franchise also spawned many comics and theatrically produced movie starring Kristanna Loken, Michael Madsen, Michelle Rodriguez, and Ben Kingsley.
Launched in late 2019, Ziggurat's prevalent plans to remaster, rework, and restore vintage video games from the '80s, '90s, and further than was unveiled before this 12 months. To this position, the organization has announced programs for online games like Forbidden Forest, Super Huey, and Fatal Dozen. The publisher also obtained various licenses from 3D0 previously this yr like Killing Time, Requiem: Avenging Angel, Rebellion: Be a part of or Die, and Captain Quazar. Ziggurat normally takes in excess of publishing legal rights on titles it acquires and releases game titles on platforms like Steam and GOG.com.
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Безлюдовка — село в Шебекинском районе Белгородской области России. Входит в Графовское сельское поселение.

История
В период крепостного права большая часть «слободы Безлюдовки с сельцом Масловкою» принадлежала родственнице известного поэта, автора поэмы «Душенька» И. Ф. Богдановича.

В 1932 г. — 1028 жителей. В начале 1979 г. в Безлюдовке было 524 жителя, в 1989 — 424 (169 муж. и 255 жен.).

Население

Примечания

Источники
 Овчинников В. В. Белгородская энциклопедия. — Белгород, 1999.

Населённые пункты Шебекинского района

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Why Nikola Stock Rose 8% Today
Recent news related to hydrogen fueling could be a good sign for Nikola.
(TMFBuilt2Last)
Jan 12, 2021 at 1:20PM
Howard grew up in Philadelphia watching the Philly sports teams struggle for championships. He has been investing since 1989 and been a Fool since 2001. Prior to joining The Fool as a contract writer in 2019, Howard worked in the steel business as an engineer for 28 years. When he isn't writing, he is usually out for a run, or relaxing to the music of the Grateful Dead.
Shares of electric truck maker Nikola (NASDAQ:NKLA) were up 8% as of noon EST Tuesday.
The stock has gained more than 20% since the start of the year.
So far in 2021, Nikola has started to turn around negative sentiment that led to a turbulent year for the stock in 2020. Some reported progress surrounding its new factory and battery-electric trucks has begun to give investors more confidence. Today, Plug Power (NASDAQ:PLUG) and French automaker Renault (OTC:RNSDF) announced a partnership in the hydrogen fuel cell sector that helps legitimize Nikola's plans for utilizing that technology.
Image source: Nikola.
The joint venture announced by Plug Power and Renault is not directly associated with Nikola or its semitrucks. But plans to expand hydrogen fuel cell technology for light commercial vehicles in Europe, including related fueling infrastructure, is positive for Nikola, too.
While reports of Nikola trucks being commissioned in Arizona only pertain to its battery-electric Tre semitrucks, the long-term investing thesis for Nikola will require success with its hydrogen fuel cell-powered Two model, as well.
Nikola says it aims to "create a worldwide hydrogen fueling network." News of an established automaker partnering with the maker of hydrogen fuel cells to grow the infrastructure in Europe indicates that Nikola isn't alone in its plans, and gives it more credibility with investors.


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Here are the best K-pop girl group songs of 2019, ranked by fans everywhere. Featuring girl groups, like Red Velvet, Blackpink, Mamamoo, EXID, and Twice, this list of new Kpop songs includes dance hits, ballads, and everything in between. What are the most popular 2019 Kpop songs by girl groups? For more recent songs, check out the top 10 Kpop girl group songs of 2018.
Vote up your favorite 2019 songs by Korean girl groups, and add any catchy bops missing from the list.


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Beth Ridgeway
Beth Ridgeway is the Social Media Specialist at the Huntsville / Madison County Convention & Visitors Center. She loves looking at Huntsville and Madison County through those who use the #iHeartHsv hashtag. She lives in Madison with her husband, daughter, and toy poodle. When she's not at work, she's trying to be a great mom and doing improv with Rocket City Improv.
Geeky Eats of Huntsville
By Beth Ridgeway on Jan. 20, 2023
Huntsville is not ashamed to say we're geeky and we know it. Enjoy some of our favorite restaurants to nosh with fellow nerds! We have a list of some of our favorite Geeky Eats in Huntsville, Alabama…
Visit Historic Downtown Madison's Christmas Card Lane
By Beth Ridgeway on Nov. 14, 2022
A fantastic day in historic downtown Madison can be had by visiting during the holidays. A line of beautiful Christmas trees, local shop windows decked out, tasty restaurants and treats, along with…
Huntsville Celebrates History Month in October
By Beth Ridgeway on Oct. 03, 2022
The Huntsville/Madison County Convention & Visitors Bureau (CVB) kicked off Huntsville History Month, the community-wide campaign that celebrates the area's rich historical heritage throughout the…
Celebrate Armed Forces Week in Huntsville
By Beth Ridgeway on Jun. 22, 2022
Each year, Team Redstone celebrates its partnership with Huntsville, Madison and Madison County with Armed Forces Week. The community is encouraged to take the week to honor the service and sacrifice…
Fall in Love with Huntsville's Crush Wine and Food Festival
Huntsville's eighth annual Crush Wine & Food Festival will be held September 4th in downtown Huntsville's Big Spring Park East. Tickets have sold out in previous years, so if you want a chance to try…
Explore Local Beers and Spirits on Huntsville Brews Cruise
If you are looking to try several of Huntsville's craft breweries in one afternoon or evening, you can now book a tour on the Huntsville Brews Cruise. With four different options, you can find the…
How to Celebrate Father's Day in Huntsville
Wondering how to celebrate Father's Day in the Rocket City? Here's a list of deals and activities perfect for spending time with dad the weekend of June 19, 2022! Outdoor Activities We've got a list…
Celebrating Juneteenth in Huntsville Alabama
Huntsville is home to a rich heritage of Black history. In 2019, during the state's Bicentennial celebration, the Rocket City saw its first large, city-wide Juneteenth celebration. While there were…
Where to Celebrate Asian Culture and Cuisine in Huntsville
By Beth Ridgeway on May. 23, 2022
As May is Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Heritage Month, Huntsville is home to several locations you can celebrate. Between bridges and cherry blossoms to tea houses and…
Create Your Own Planet at U.S. Space & Rocket Center at Newest Exhibit
Would you like to live on another planet? Do you have what it takes to survive and establish a new home? See if you have the skills at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center's latest traveling exhibit…


Whether it's a few pounds or fifty pounds, more than sixty percent of adults want to lose some amount of weight. That is to say that if you have a weight loss goal, you're in the good company of more than half of the population. The best way to lose weight is very debatable, but counting and restricting your daily caloric intake is definitely the most popular weight loss method.
Counting calories is a common weight loss tool, but it's also one of the most frustrating, discouraging, and all around brutal ways to try to lose weight. If you consistently restrict your daily caloric intake every day for a period of weeks or months, it's almost impossible for you not to start shedding pounds. However, counting calories proves to be an ineffective weight loss method for many people because it is such a difficult habit to maintain. More often than not, well-intentioned goals for counting calories and losing weight end in frustration and discouragement. Fortunately, there are many other viable weight loss options that don't involve counting calories and help you drop pounds in healthy, effective ways without feeling miserable or restricted.
These 5 Moves to Lose Lower Belly Bulge target key abdominal muscles to maximize belly-burn and yield real results. By performing these exercises 3 times a week, youll be on the road to a bulge-less bod and bust out those crop tops in no time!
Reducing stress is much easier said than done. Everyone has stress in their lives, and there is no way to get rid of it completely. However, stress is extremely counterproductive to your weight loss goals. Excess stress triggers your body's production of cortisol hormone. High cortisol levels tend to increase belly fat and make fat loss more difficult.
Make sure that worrying about your fitness progress or lack thereof is not contributing to your stress levels. When you stop worrying about how much weight you are or are not losing, it's easier to naturally relax into a healthier lifestyle without constantly feeling pressured and discouraged. Minimize your worries by focusing on how you feel rather than how you look. Avoiding weighing yourself more than once every few weeks can also help reduce weight loss-related stress and anxiety.
A healthy, effective diet is all about balance. In fact, maintaining a balanced diet is much more effective long-term than restrictive diets centered around calorie counting. It's also much less psychologically taxing to allow yourself to indulge in moderation rather than denying yourself certain foods completely.
The most important parts of your diet to balance are protein and carbs. Protein and carbs should make up about eighty percent of your diet, with the other twenty percent coming from healthy. Many diets claim that minimizing the amount of carbs you consume helps you lose fat more quickly. While this might be true, carbs are an important macronutrient and cutting them out of your diet is not sustainable and not healthy. Ideally, your diet should be composed of fifty percent protein and thirty percent carbs to keep your energy and metabolism up.
Honestly seeing Nike brands, Motivate Me to get up and do something with my life… Motivation!
Human senses perceive things in relation to other things. You naturally think differently about something depending on what else is around and influencing your perception. On the topic of portion control, the same amount of food looks very different depending on the plate or bowl that holds it.
If your kitchen is filled with jumbo dishware that holds much more food than you really need to eat, you'll likely end up filling your plate completely or feeling unsatisfied even if you're no longer hungry. Using plates and bowls that hold less food helps you subconsciously eat less and consume fewer calories without even thinking about it. You are much less likely to go back for seconds than you are to mindlessly eat your way through a huge portion.
On the topic of portion control, giant restaurant portions can be a major obstacle preventing you from reaching your weight loss goals. Restaurants tend to serve way more food than you should be eating for one meal. It's not at all unusual for these portions to add 1000-1500 extra calories to your daily intake.
That doesn't mean you need to start frantically searching for the calorie count of the meal you order every time you go out to eat. Just be conscious of restaurants' tendency to serve enlarged portions. Save money and calories by splitting a plate with a friend or date. Or, if you're a mindless eater, carve out a smaller, more reasonable portion of your meal for yourself as soon as your food arrives and set the rest off to the side to take home with you.
Taking a full-body picture of yourself in a bra and underwear every two to four weeks can be a major motivator for you as you strive toward your weight loss goals. These selfies might make you feel a little uncomfortable, but they help you see visible proof of your progress and hold you accountable to maintaining your healthy habits so you can keep seeing more progress as time goes on.
Don't let the selfies you take become a punishment or an opportunity for you to criticize yourself for slow progress. Instead, let these pictures act as a celebration of the progress you are making and the continued time and effort you are devoting to becoming a healthier version of yourself.
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For some inexplicable reason, it always seems much more difficult to stick to a diet at night. Many women easily stick to a healthy eating schedule all day long, but end up snacking on junk food or chocolate late into the night. Prevent your midnight snacks from inhibiting your weight loss by setting a time in the evening–say nine or ten pm–past which you stop snacking for the day.
If you find yourself really hungry past the time that you normally try to stop eating, don't deprive yourself. In preparation for this situation, create a pre-approved selection of healthy snacks–like half an apple or a handful of almonds–that you can eat when you need food late at night.
Consistency is key when it comes to weight loss. If you work on building a healthy daily routine, your healthy habits will soon become second nature to you and you won't have to worry about checking up on yourself by counting calories.
Try to fit in thirty minutes of moderate exercise at the same time a few days per week. Always start your day with a healthy, protein-rich breakfast. Keep your fridge stocked with healthy snacks–such as Greek yogurt or a bunch of grapes–to take on-the-go with you to work or to class.
Losing weight doesn't have to be a torturous daily regimen that takes over your life. By easing yourself into a healthier lifestyle, you can feel better and naturally shed pounds without ever counting a single calorie.


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Elon Musk plans to announce some Tesla news on Thursday — here's what one Wall Street analyst is expecting
Graham Rapier
Diego Donamaria/Getty Images for SXSWElon Musk speaks at SXSW last March in Austin, Texas.
Tesla is set to announce news on Thursday, CEO Elon Musk announced this week.
The timing is interesting, given the billionaire's renewed spat with federal regulators.
There's speculation that the news could be a long-awaited base-model Model 3 or an autonomous-tech update.
Elon Musk announced this week that "some Tesla news" would come at 2 p.m. PT on Thursday.
Because of its timing – amid a renewed fight with federal regulators and a flurry of Twitter memes – the cryptic hint has fuelled speculation.
Ben Kallo, an analyst at Baird, on Thursday morning declared Tesla a "fresh pick" and reaffirmed his $US465 price target, one of the highest on Wall Street. No matter what the news ends up being, it should help the stock pick up steam, he said.
"Regardless of the content of the company update, we think the demand concerns are overblown and believe the announcement could be a catalyst," Kallo told clients in a note.
"Investor scepticism on demand (both in the first quarter and over the course of 2019) has been high in our recent conversations, and we expect this update could highlight positive business developments and improve broader sentiment."
Among the possibilities for Thursday's announcement are the long-awaited $US35,000 version of the Model 3, an update on autonomous-driving technology – Musk comments about which have been deemed "unethical" by one expert – or even the Model Y.
Tesla may unveil the Model Y this year – here's everything we know about the vehicle so far
Kallo, however, is hoping it's not the Model Y.
"We believe management is cognisant of the short-term need to reassure investors on Model 3 demand and margins," he said.
Adding another product to the mix could complicate Tesla's ongoing headaches over a production ramp-up and delivery logistics.
It's not a bid to boost Tesla's stock price ahead of a $US920 million bond conversion due Friday. The notes' observation period has ended with shares below the conversion price of $US359.88, and Bloomberg has reported that the company said it would repay debt holders with a mix of cash and equity.
Debt payments aside, Kallo said investors should focus on long-term fundamentals to avoid the "constant noise" around Tesla.
"The SEC recently requested a federal judge hold Musk in civil contempt, which added to significant noise (employee turnover, SEC headlines, etc.) in recent weeks," Kallo said.
"We think share weakness has created a buying opportunity for investors willing to focus on improving company fundamentals."
Shares of Tesla sank about 0.6% in trading Thursday, near $US313. The stock is about 23% off its 52-week high of $US387 per share, hit last August amid Musk's failed attempt to take the company private, which began the ongoing regulatory drama.
bitranspo clusterstock elon musk moneygame sai tesla transportation-us wall street


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Brookdale Planning to 'Reorganize' Home Health Operations
By Joyce Famakinwa | February 19, 2020 February 19, 2020
Despite an overall solid fourth-quarter performance that sent the company's stock soaring on Wednesday, Brookdale Senior Living Inc. (NYSE: BKD) is still watching its home health segment lag behind.
Brentwood, Tennessee-based Brookdale is one of the country's largest owners and operators of private-pay senior living communities. The company operates 763 owned, leased and managed senior living communities in 45 states.
The company's health care services segment includes its home health and hospice business lines.
Last November, Brookdale President and CEO Lucinda Baier was frank when she called the company's home health third-quarter revenue performance "disappointing" after it stood at $80.6 million. During Q4 2019, Brookdale's home health business brought in $77.4 million in resident fee revenue, a 4.4% decrease compared to $81 million in Q4 2018.
The biggest silver lining for Brookdale's health care services segment was an increase in volume for hospice services, which led to $26.1 million in Q4 revenue, compared to $21.3 million during the same period a year ago.
"While health care services didn't meet our expectations, what stands out is the hospice business," Steven Swain, executive vice president and CFO, said during Brookdale's Q4 earnings call on Wednesday. "Although less than a quarter of the segment's revenue, hospice growth was so significant that it drove the segments positive overall revenue growth."
Despite hospice being the main source of revenue growth for the company's health care services segment, Brookdale views home health as a critical component of its overall portfolio strategy.
"We think our competitive differentiator is the ability to provide those services in a seamlessly coordinated way within our communities and, where we have geographic concentration, to offer the services outside of the walls of our communities," Anna-Gene O'Neal, president of Brookdale's health care services division, told Home Health Care News in an email.
Overall, the company brought in $986.64 million in Q4 2019, compared to $1.07 billion in Q4 2018. On the year, Brookdale's total revenue checked in at $4.06 billion, compared to $4.53 billion in 2018.
Total resident fee revenue for home health in 2019 was $327.49 million, compared to $332.06 million in 2018.
Aside from recapping the company's financial results, Brookdale hinted at a reorganization of its home health segment during Wednesday's call. So far, that reorganization has included recent additions to the company's leadership team.
"For home health, our new leaders evaluated the best go-forward business model and executed a plan to reorganize the operations," Swain said.
Brookdale's most recent leadership change was the appointment of Cindy Kent to serve as executive vice president and president of senior living in December.
"We have an enhanced leadership team that has brought leaders with greater clinical, financial and operational expertise in the health care arena," O'Neal said. "We are evaluating our cost structure and labor utilization. As such, we will be adjusting our operations accordingly to match these goals."
While O'Neal did not specify what those adjustments entail for Brookdale, some home health providers have begun tweaking their operations by changing their service mix and utilization patterns.
Specifically, many providers have opted to cut back on therapy utilization due to changes associated with the Patient-Driven Groupings Model (PDGM).
Brookdale leadership recognizes PDGM as a headwind and said it expects the overhaul will mean revenue growth that's back-half weighted in 2020.
"There will be some noise in the first quarter with the implementation of a new reimbursement model with 30-day episodes and the recently announced organizational changes," Swain said. "As such, we expect segment [net operating income] to decline sequentially from the fourth quarter."
PDGM is expected to negatively impact working capital for Brookdale.
Companies featured in this article:
Joyce Famakinwa
Joyce Famakinwa is a Chicago area native who cut her teeth as a journalist and writer covering the worker's compensation industry and creating branded content for tech companies and startups. When she isn't reporting the latest in home health care news, you can find her indulging in her love of vintage clothing, books, film, live music, theatre and reality tv.
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Saint-Perdoux is een gemeente in het Franse departement Dordogne (regio Nouvelle-Aquitaine) en telt 138 inwoners (2005). De plaats maakt deel uit van het arrondissement Bergerac.

Geografie
De oppervlakte van Saint-Perdoux bedraagt 7,5 km², de bevolkingsdichtheid is 18,4 inwoners per km².

Demografie
Nevenstaand figuur toont het verloop van het inwonertal (bron: INSEE-tellingen).

Externe links

Gemeente in Dordogne


RS Components (RS), the trading brand of Electrocomponents plc (LSE:ECM), the global distributor for engineers, has announced availability of the Molex MUO 2.5 series of terminal connectors, which have been designed to replace closed-end (CE) terminals and thereby reduce harness-assembly lead times, as well as improving quality, reliability and processing.
The MUO 2.5 connectors can simplify the termination process by eliminating tangled wires, reducing the number of quality issues and potentially even negating the need for extra inspections. Typical applications that can benefit from these devices include equipment such as air conditioners, fan heaters, floor-heating and HVAC systems, as well as other appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines, or anywhere terminations are required.
The traditional closed-end termination of connectors typically requires skilled workers and needs extra steps for crimping. Improper crimping is a risk, and extra inspection of the crimp area is required, as this kind of termination can be unstable. Crimping also requires manual sorting, which may lead to damage of the assembly or causation of other quality issues.
Closed-end terminations are typically done as an early step in the assembly process, which can significantly lengthen lead times as well as increasing the cost of stocking. However, the MUO 2.5 termination process delivers a high level of manufacturing flexibility, as it can be set up at any stage of the production workflow.
Features of the MUO 2.5 connectors include: two separated retainers to protect cables and secure the terminal position, which also prevent wire entanglement and eliminate electrical-shock hazards; and a simple water-exhaust function that is designed to prevent water from permeating inside.
The Molex MUO 2.5 termination connectors are shipping now from RS in the EMEA and Asia Pacific regions.


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Stem cell research sheds light on organ regeneration
Cocoa shows promise as next wonder drug
By B.D. Colen Harvard News Office
The rules governing mammalian organ repair and regeneration are so widely varied as to suggest at first glance that there are no rules: Blood has such an enormous regenerative capacity that you can literally give it away by the pint and be none the worse for wear; rip a hole in your skin and new skin will cover it; donate a portion of your liver and it will regenerate; but lose a kidney or suffer damage to your pancreas, and what's lost is lost.
A new study by Harvard Stem Cell Institute co-director Doug Melton and colleagues published in today's issue of the journal Nature – and published in advance online – helps to explain the variation both in organ regenerative capacity and in organ size determination as well. The findings also underscore the value of embryonic stem cells as tools to study normal development.
Comparing development of the liver, which can regenerate to compensate for damage, and the pancreas, which cannot, Melton and his team found that the ultimate size and regenerative capacity of certain organs, e.g., the pancreas, is determined by the specific number of progenitor cells that are set aside "during a very early time in development – about day 10 in the mouse. That determines the size of the pancreas for the animal for the rest of its life, and most likely that holds true for humans as well," said Melton, Thomas Dudley Cabot Professor of the Natural Sciences in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator.
Melton said the point of the experiments "was to try to understand how the size of an organ is created. The reason I'm interested in the potential size is that it relates to how the organ can compensate; if you destroy something by disease, why doesn't it 'know' that it's not the right size any more, and grow back to the right size?
"We knew from the work of other scientists that the pancreas has a very limited, poor capacity for regeneration. So we did experiments where we wanted to control, or fix, the number of progenitor cells during embryogenesis that would make the pancreas. An organ never comes from a single cell; there are a group of progenitors that are set aside, and they and their daughter cells give rise to the organ."
So Melton, Ben Z. Stanger, and Akemi J. Tanaka asked their questions in two ways. "In one, we took a strain of mouse with no pancreatic progenitors, and then added them back," Melton explained. "What we found was that when we didn't add enough back, the pancreas was small. And this was curious, because with blood and other tissues in other embryos, if you remove part of the progenitors for an organ, the embryo 'realizes' and compensates. But in this case, a little baby mouse would be born, and all its organs would be just fine, except for the pancreas, which would be half size.
"That made us wonder if the progenitors had a fixed capacity for growth," he said. "So we then approached the same question from the opposite direction: We began with a normal embryo and we specifically reduced the number of pancreatic progenitors. And again, if we reduced the number to 50 percent of normal, we'd get a half-size pancreas. And the animal can never compensate and develop a normal-size pancreas." In comparison, when Melton's team conducted a set of experiments in which the embryonic development of the liver was limited, the organ compensated after birth.
The findings, Melton said, "speak to the general question of why the pancreas is so inefficient at repairing itself and compensating, and this result follows on our result of a few years ago that said there were no adult stem cells" in the pancreas. "So if we take those earlier findings and these, they say that the way your pancreas is made, if you don't get the right number of progenitors, you're already in trouble. And then at birth, you have a certain number of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, and if you don't get the right number of insulin-producing beta cells, you're already in trouble. If you kill them off, as in type 1 diabetes, the organ can't repair itself.
"I think the work is of interest to people generally because it shows there are different kinds of mechanisms to control size, or tissue mass, for different organ systems. The blood is the classic, well-understood example: There's an almost infinite capacity to make more blood, and a single, hematopoietic stem cell can make up the entire blood stem. What we're seeing is that, first of all, the pancreas doesn't have an adult stem cell, and those that exist in the embryo have a very limited capacity for growth.
"This is another in a long list of examples where embryonic stem cells are extremely useful [in helping us] understand the basic facts about how tissues are made and maintained. We and other scientists using them as a research tool find them extremely important as we study diseases where tissues are not being maintained," Melton said.


When you're just starting out, it's only natural to feel like taking every work at home job or client that comes your way. You need to make money, so the more work the merrier, right? While this makes sense, but taking on work you find tedious or taking on too much work can lead to failure. These tips will help you to recognize your own priorities, and will help you to select the projects and clients in the future.
We have come up with the avatar of our ideal customer based on the buyer persona of our existing customer base. Using the data we have of our best clients, we have created a description (the avatar) of what this client looks like (in terms of size, revenue, number of employees, challenges etc).
This is what helps us to evaluate new customers. if they don't fit the description of our avatar, we don't work with them. And prospects who do become our customers, tend to stay longer.
You need to ask yourself what the client collaboration will bring. Will it further your brand? Will it be revolutionary? Is there a market need? You need to have at least two of these three questions answered before collaborating. If a high profile potential client approaches you it can be enticing to say yes immediately, for brand recognition. But you need to consider the collaboration itself, is there a need or is it something new for you? If you answered no, you're committing to an inferior project which will be the lasting impression in the long term. When choosing a client make sure that you share a vision and the same level enthusiasm.
Communication is key. If you are not able to "vibe" with your potential client, then you won't have a very good working relationship with them. Understanding completely what they want and alternately them understanding what you can do for them, is how to set up a solid foundation for a long term contract.
Another thing, if you can't work up some enthusiasm for the project/client then it won't be a good fit. If the client's business is in something you don't personally love or have any excitement for, then definitely give it a pass. Do what you love and try to only take projects and clients on that you can fully and completely support, and you'll find work to be more of a pleasure than chore.
Do you ever put off housework because it's no fun? Taking on a project or a client that gives you that same feeling as housework can make work not only not fun, but lead you to do poorer work, procrastinate, and/or loathe the job. I know this first hand because when I started my work-at-home journey, I took any work I could do, and much of it I hated making my life stressful and unhappy.
While you're not going to love everything about every job, you do need to have some interest in it.
Working with clients also requires the ability to understand, and agree with, what the client is asking. Some clients aren't the best at explaining what they want or need, which can make it harder for you, especially if you're having to redo stuff. Learning to ask the right questions for clarity can help. But clients who continue to be unclear, or who are difficult, rude, or take advantage of you, should be let go.


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Kim Jang Hoon to Drop Duet Track "Break Ups Are So Like Me" with Heechul
by J. Jeong
Singer Kim Jang Hoon has revealed the upcoming release of his new single, "Break Ups Are So Like Me," as a duet track featuring Heechul of Super Junior. The track will be released at midnight on Sept. 26. This is his first new single since the release of "Rain Shower" in 2008.
The melody of the song consists of the house genre incorporated with an orchestra. Kim Jang Hoon has revealed, "I sought to undergo a musical transformation, completely escaping my previous kind of music. Also, I didn't work together with Kim Heechul because I was close to him, but I wanted to pass on Kim Heechul's hidden singing capabilities and charms to other people."
In the initial planning stage, Heechul was to contribute about 20% as a featuring artist. However, upon hearing his singing, Kim Jang Hoon decided to record it as a duet song.
Kim Jang Hoon is currently pursuing an "Age 12 and Up" and an "Age 19 and Up" project. The "Age 12 and Up" project will feature three digital singles featuring idol singers, each being released in September, November, and December.
The "Age 19 and Up" project will feature Psy, Yoo Hee Yeol, Yoon Jong Shin, and Kim Tae Won as an official album to be released in the spring of 2012.
Kim Jang Hoon


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Newport County Stats Preview – Tom Williams
December 21, 2018 Tom Lincoln City, Newport, Previews, Stat Attack 0
The Imps look to make it 3 in a row and perhaps extend their lead at the top in the run-up to Christmas. This week's visitors are Newport County, another playoff-chasing outfit currently occupying a spot hunted by many below them. They'll be keen to go home with something to keep the likes of Tranmere from ruining the festivities. Here are some things to look out for:
1) The Exiles (All Newport County stats are League only)
Newport are managed by well-travelled former midfielder Michael Flynn. Flynn is a Newport native and played for the club in 4 separate spells between 1999 and 2017. He was initially appointed caretaker manager but guided the side to a miraculous escape from relegation. Since then Flynn has guided County to 11th in League Two and masterminded a draw with Spurs. His record at Newport is certainly respectable with a current win record of 43%.
Interestingly, Flynn's pre-match comments about Lincoln include: "everybody knows it is a tough place to go, but it's not quite like going to Liverpool. It's not something that we need to be petrified about." While Danny and Nicky don't have Salah, Mané and Firmino to call on, form coming into this game may give cause for optimism. In the last 5 League Two games, Newport have lost 3 (all away from home). By contrast, the Imps are unbeaten in 5 (winning 3) and haven't lost at home since September 8th.
Something worth noting about Newport statistically is that they've actually still got a negative goal difference. Bizarrely, despite being level on points with Mansfield, they're 17 goals worse off. This is largely due to their leaky defensive record. While they're not exactly Notts County (still averaging over 2 conceded a game), 34 conceded in 21 games isn't ideal for a promotion challenge (16 more than the Imps). When it comes to exploiting this porous record, City may look to strike early rather than our usual late flurry. 39% of Newport's conceded goals have come before the 20-minute mark.
They've also not travelled well this season. They currently sit 16th in the away table with a position largely made up of results gained at Rodney Parade. In fact, they're currently 4th in terms of relative home performance compared to away averaging over a point more at home than on their travels.
Courtesy Graham Burrell
2) Not Matt Green
For the first time in what seems like an age, the Cowleys will not be able to call on trusty Matt Green for this fixture. The energetic striker has made the move we all feared was on the cards. While we won't be seeing him this weekend, I wanted to dedicate some space to a player who will surely be remembered fondly for his attitude, goals and endeavour.
Despite being a bit-part player this campaign, much like Palmer before him, Green has racked up an amazing amount of appearances. Despite a minutes total of just 35%, only Harry Anderson has appeared in more games this season. However, as we all know, he's not started much with 18 of his 26 outings coming off the bench (by far the highest amount of the squad – Rhead is next with 12 substitute appearances).
Despite rarely starting, Green still weighed in with some goals and assists. His record of 6 goals and 3 assists is impressive given his game time and gives him the enviable total of a goal contribution every 109 minutes (second only to the prolific Jamie McCombe – 1 goal in 67 minutes). When the season comes to end, we may well look back on his winner against Northampton on the opening day as a vital 3 points. For that, and every other appearance, thanks Greeny.
3) A different approach with substitutions
With City unable to register a replacement for Green until January, we might see an alternative way of using substitutes from the management team. Green's energy off the bench has been a vital part of City's gameplan this campaign – something demonstrated by the fact Matt has come on 7 times in our last 10 matches. It's not just defensive running too, City have gained +5 goal difference after Matt Green has been introduced with us only losing a goal once (and even that didn't affect the result).
Without this option, it will be interesting to see if the Cowleys feel with necessitates a change of tactic (perhaps adopting a deeper approach when leading until a replacement is sourced) or if they will ask another player in the squad to fill the role. To be honest, unless we deem Adebayo-Smith to be ready for League Two, I don't see many candidates. Perhaps the only real one would be Shay McCartan but removing him from his current role would either mean a change of tactics or pushing the likes of Pett or Frecklington on from their successful deeper roles.
It will also intrigue me to see how this affects Rhead's appearances. He has built a good relationship with his fellow Mansfield Matt and they're often viewed as tactically inseparable. Do the Cowleys share this view?
The Stacey West meets Kieran Agard
Imps Weekly Round Up


Why Danish Dan will be the man for Reds - LFChistory - Stats galore for Liverpool FC!
In Daniel Agger Liverpool have bought themselves a player who I believe will turn out to be one of the best signings the club has ever made. Everyone in Denmark is really excited about him and delighted he has joined such a big club as Liverpool.
He is tall, strong, good in the air and equally adept on the ground. There's no doubt Agger is one of the hottest Danish prospects in years and he has the potential to be the mainstay of our national team for years to come.
His rise to prominence has been a meteoric one. I personally, hadn't heard of him until he broke into the Brondby first team. He just seemed to appear from nowhere but quickly made an impression at club level and it was not long before he was a deservedly called up by his country.
At 21 his best years are ahead of him and I can only see him improving at Liverpool. I noticed Rafael Benitez didn't throw him into the first team straight away and I think that is the right strategy to adopt.
I believe he had a decent debut against Birmingham recently but I don't expect him to become a regular in the side automatically. He didn't feature in the recent games away to Chelsea or Charlton and I think he'll benefit from this policy in the long-run. By watching the likes of Jamie Carragher and Sami Hyypia he can learn a lot and adapt gradually to life in the Premiership.
Having made the same move from Denmark to Liverpool myself in 1992 I know how he must be feeling right now. I also know how difficult it can be moving to a new country and club of this size but I have every confidence that he won't suffer the same fate as me.
I found myself back on the sidelines and it was clear the writing was then on the wall for me. It was disappointing because I felt my game had improved and I was looking forward to the new season. What was going on in Souness' mind at the time I couldn't tell but it wasn't long before he was replaced by Roy Evans and that definitely did signal the end of life at Liverpool for me.
After leaving the Reds I went back to Danish club AGF and played on for another five years before finally hanging up my boots in 1999. I think leaving was the right decision at the time. With respect to the lads in the reserve team, I needed to be playing first team football and it worked out well for me because I ended up forcing my way back into the Denmark team.
Looking back it's fair to say I don't have that many highlights when I think of my career at Liverpool. One thing I do have great memories of though, apart from the fans, is the lads I played alongside. I had no problem fitting in when it come to the dressing room and I remember my team-mates as a great bunch of lads. Steve Nicol was the top man for me. He really was a great person who made me feel welcome and helped me settle.
I recently bumped into some of the lads at an ex-players' tournament in Germany and it was great to see them again. David Fairclough told me all about the Liverpool Former Players Association and I signed up immediately.
I now work as a masseur and I've been doing it for the past five years but I've never stopped following the fortunes of Liverpool. It's a club that will always remain very close to my heart.
I'd love to get over for a game sometime in the near future, have a pint with the fans and, of course, check on the progress of my fellow Dane Dan Agger.
As you can imagine, moving to England and signing for Liverpool was a massive moment in my life. Unfortunately, football-wise my time at Anfield was not what you could call a success but as a life experience it was an unbelievable time for me.
I'd just played in the victorious Denmark team that caused a sensation by winning Euro 92 and I was really excited at the prospect of joining such a famous club as Liverpool. I knew all about the great history of the team. It was a real honour and even today they are the biggest and best club for me.
Life at Anfield though was a lot different to what I'd been used to in Denmark. The passion for the game was much more intense, the pace was a lot faster and I was surprised at just how high the standard of play was. Growing up in Denmark I'd been led to believe English football was all kick and rush but I quickly discovered that it wasn't. Tactically, Liverpool's style of play was also different to what I had been used to and so this didn't help matters either.
Of the 24 games I played for Liverpool I think the one people will remember most is my debut away to Aston Villa. I though my performance was okay but the fact we lost left a bad taste in the mouth. Dean Saunders, who had just left Liverpool to join Aston Villa, scored two and it really was an afternoon to forget for Liverpudlians.
I have nothing but the highest esteem for Liverpool fans. They are the best football supporters in the world and it was a real privilege to play for them. I loved running out in front of the Kop. Even now, when I think back to those days I get goosebumps on my arm. In a strange sort of way I viewed every Kopite as my friend. That is how they made me feel and despite what some may think I always tried my hardest for them.
I remember another of the early games I played for Liverpool, I made a sliding tackle that earned great applause from the crowd and as the cheers were ringing in my ears I made this clenched-fist salute that raised the decibels even higher. It was like I'd scored a goal and a great feeling.
Unfortunately, our results weren't the best around this time. Life is too short for regrets but if there is one thing I am sorry about, it's that I was never able to produce my best form for Liverpool. It was a move that just didn't work out.
On reflection, there's no doubt I joined the club at a difficult time and the team was really struggling. If I'd have come here at another time and under different circumstances then my Anfield career may well have turned out better. But that's life and you have to just get on with it.
The manager who signed me, Graeme Souness, was certainly a bit of a character. He had his moments when he was a tremendous guy but sometimes his temper seemed to get the better of him and he made some peculiar decisions that I didn't understand. One thing I couldn't fault him for though was his passion for the game and you have to respect that.
After a good run of games following my debut I lost my place in the team but I remember during the build-up to the next season I played in all the pre-season games because Mark Wright was out injured. Souness gave me a lot of credit for my performances but about three days before the season started Wright declared himself fit and was put straight back into the team.


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Sold-Out Ming 27.02 Poised for Second Drop
About a week ago, international watch brand Ming unveiled the latest addition to its dynamic catalog, previewing and partially releasing the new 27.02. The watch— a follow-up to the well-received 27.01 from 2020 — is a unique take on a time-only wearer, featuring a sporty case, multi-textured dial, and high-grade finishing throughout. Like previous models produced by the brand, the 27.02 is produced in partnership between Kuala Lumpur-based Ming, Switzerland's Manufacture Schwarz-Etienne for production, France's Jean Rousseau Paris for the straps, and French Studio Koji Sato for the accompanying travel pouches.
The last time we covered Ming on WatchTime.com was upon the release of the 17.03 GMT in 2018, at the time was another much-discussed limited edition. This new watch is the latest example of the brand carrying on its tradition of limited releases, international collaboration in development, and experimental watchmaking.
The case of the 27.02 is very curvy and made of polished and brushed steel. The monobloc machined case measures 38 mm in diameter x 6.9 mm thick, and features Ming's signature "flying blade" (flared) lugs; a signed, deeply grooved tapered crown; and a rounded bezel securing the anti-reflective-coated sapphire crystal over the dial.
Underneath the crystal of the 50-meter water resistant case is a gradient sapphire dial. The obvious highlight of the piece, this dial is made up of three sectors: an outer blue clous-de-Paris ring with stamped guilloché, an inner deep blue section comprising most of the face, and laser-etched, white-filled indices and an hour ring dividing the two. Also emblematic of the young brand are the unusual hour markers for each position, broken up only by the circular 12 o'clock marker and subtle Ming logo at 3 o'clock. At the center are two minimalist, skeletonized hands determining the hour and minute, with no additional seconds hand.
Powering the 27.02 is the Ming caliber 7001.M1, which according to the brand is based upon an ETA 7001 and heavily modified, complete with new bridges and baseplate. Hand wound and holding a 42-hour power reserve, the mechanism is visible behind the exhibition window of a screwed-down, stylized caseback with various watch descriptors engraved around the periphery.
The total production run of the 27.02 will be limited to 200 pieces, each priced at CHF 4,950 or about $5,569. The model was first released on January 15th alongside other 27.01 models, but quickly sold out of its first batch. It is currently set for its second drop on January 22 at 10 PM EST, with this group also widely expected to sell out quickly.
To learn more and inquire for purchase, you can visit Ming's website, here.
Tags: Limited Edition Watches, Luxury Watches, Ming, Steel Watches
No Responses to "Sold-Out Ming 27.02 Poised for Second Drop"
Peter Currer January 22, 2021
Very nice clean looking watch with its minimalist styling and curves, but on the small side for most, being only 38mm.