The exhibit consists of photographs and engravings of historic abolitionists and anti-slavery activists. This list consists of prominent abolitionist leaders and activists. They include African American and Caucasian abolitionists and anti-slavery activists. Prominent among these abolitionists are African American and Caucasian women.
Each of the photographs has a one-paragraph text panel explaining the work of the individual. Where possible, a quote by the abolitionist is included in the text panel.
The exhibit begins in the 18th Century with some of the early colonial American anti-slavery activists. The exhibit ends with the conclusion of the Civil War and the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, abolishing slavery.
The abolitionists and anti-slavery activists featured in the exhibit were culled from an extensive list that we compiled of prominent abolitionists and anti-slavery activists in colonial Great Britain and the United States. This list included more than 3,000 abolitionists, anti-slavery activists and opponents of slavery. The list was researched and collected from a number of primary and secondary sources, including prominent archives.
The exhibit is comprised of framed and matted photographs. The photographs are approximately 11" x 14" in size. They are in 16" x 20" frames. The photographs have been mounted and matted archivally. They are beautifully presented with high quality picture frames. We have used Plexiglas so that the exhibit can be shipped safely.
The photographs have been printed on archival, heavy-weight paper. They have been printed in color, in high resolution. The photographs were scanned at high resolution from original source images. Many of the photographs and engravings are of original, mid-19th Century images.
This exhibit was organized and sponsored by Georgia State Representative Mabel Thomas (District 56), Georgia State Representative Carl Wayne Gilliard (District 162), and Patt Gilliard-Gunn, Center for Jubilee, Reconciliation and Healing, Inc., Savannah, Georgia. Also special thanks to Rosalyn Rouse and Lu Feng, also of Savannah, Georgia.
Please let us know if you are interested in borrowing the exhibit for your venue. Please call Eric Saul at 304-906-1292 or write to visasforlife@cs.com.
The American Abolitionists: Conscience of the Nation exhibit will be an important opportunity to educate individuals about the importance of the abolition and anti-slavery movement in America.
Thousands of men and women devoted their energies and their lives to end slavery in America. Many of these individuals spent a lifetime working to free their fellow Americans. They did it at the risk of their fortunes, their reputations, and even their lives. Some did not even live to see their work come to fruition.
Many of the abolitionists were helping people whom they did not personally know. They were acting according to their conscience in the service of what they believed to be a higher cause.
Yet most of these men and women have been forgotten, except by a few scholars and specialists in the field.
Nonetheless, they left a lasting legacy of courage and determination. We are all the beneficiaries of their work.
Through the exhibit, a small shining ray of light will be focused on a great part of American history.
One might say that the abolitionists were the original Black Lives Matter movement. In some ways, we may argue, their work is yet to be completed.
This is a sampling of some of the leading abolitionists, anti-slavery activists and opponents of slavery who will be honored in this program. These individuals are from all walks of life and all occupations. They represent both Caucasian and African Americans. Among them are political leaders, newspaper editors, artists, poets, writers, businessmen, and philanthropists. For a more comprehensive illustrated list, click here.


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Isa's Taavo Somer Says "Primitive Modernism" Is Where It's At
Who are we to argue?
By Bon Appétit
In Tastemakers 2012 we toast the visionaries who are making our lives so delicious
When Taavo Somer (pictured, right) tells you that "primitive modernism" is where it's at, and that soon enough we'll all be walking around in Beyond Thunderdome fur pelts and restoring DeLoreans, you can't help but snicker. But then you think, Um, wait, does he know something that I don't? In general, the answer has always been yes. Eight years ago, Somer opened Freemans restaurant on New York's Lower East Side, single-handedly ushering in the era of taxidermy and salvaged decor. Then came his men's clothing store and old-timey barbershop next door. Which made you wonder if bearded hipsters would really pay $42 for a straight-blade shave. (Absolutely.) Later came Peels, the homey Southern restaurant, just as the city's southern food revolution was taking root.
So when Somer decamped for Brooklyn to open Isa with the Uruguayan chef Ignacio Mattos (pictured, left), we followed him. "In my mind, we'd serve pasta and roast chicken and it would be awesome," he says. "But Ignacio was like, 'Maybe, but maybe we're gonna have more than that. Let's let it evolve into something.'" That something would be a decidedly more progressive menu served in a warm space outfitted with furniture handmade by Somer. And there's a whole futuristic geodesic-dome motif going on. So, yeah, you get it--primitive and modern. Honestly, we're still wrapping our heads around Isa, absorbing it and savoring it--and wondering just what Somer will do next. --Adam Rapoport
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Justia Dockets & Filings Fourth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit US v. Parker Filing 920070119
US v. Parker
UNPUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 05-4488 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff - Appellee, versus REGINALD PARKER, Defendant - Appellant. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, at Raleigh. Louise W. Flanagan, Chief District Judge. (CR-04-275) Submitted: January 3, 2007 Decided: January 19, 2007 Before WILKINS, Chief Judge, and GREGORY and DUNCAN, Circuit Judges. Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion. Rudolph A. Ashton, III, MCCOTTER, ASHTON & SMITH, P.A., New Bern, North Carolina, for Appellant. George E. B. Holding, Acting United States Attorney, Anne M. Hayes, Barbara D. Kocher, Assistant United States Attorneys, OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, Raleigh, North Carolina, for Appellee. Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. PER CURIAM: Reginald Parker appeals his conviction and sentence for conspiring to make false statements in connection with the sale and acquisition of firearms. 2000). We affirm. I. On December 21, 2002, Parker was a felon, having been See 18 U.S.C.A. �� 371, 922(a)(6) (West convicted of armed robbery in 1992. Nevertheless, that day he acquired a rifle at a pawn shop in Goldsboro, North Carolina, by having another man, Travis James, purchase the weapon for him and represent in the necessary paperwork that James was the actual buyer of the weapon. Later, in February 2003, Parker and James made a similar purchase of a 12-gauge shotgun at a Goldsboro pawn shop, with James again representing in the required paperwork that he was buying the weapon for himself. Parker was subsequently charged in a three-count indictment with one count of conspiracy to make false statements in connection with the acquisition of a firearm and two counts of possessing a firearm after being convicted of a felony, see 18 U.S.C.A. � 922(g)(1) (West 2000). The indictment alleged that Parker conspired with a man named Roderick R. Warren and with "others both known and unknown to the grand jury." J.A. 12. Following a jury trial, Parker was found guilty of the conspiracy charge but not guilty of the two remaining counts. 2 The district court imposed a sentence of 60 months imprisonment, the statutory maximum punishment for his offense. II. Parker first maintains that the district court erred in denying his motion to suppress the SKS firearm, or alternatively, to prevent the Government from referring to the fact that the weapon was recovered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, at a prior residence of Parker's. Parker contends that suppression was required because he was not timely notified that the Government had obtained the firearm, see Fed. R. Crim. P. 16, and because its probative value was substantially outweighed by the danger that it would cause him unfair prejudice, see Fed. R. Evid. 403. disagree. The Government explained to the district court that it had maintained an open-file policy, that it intended to offer Parker the opportunity to inspect the weapon, and that it had notified Parker immediately upon acquiring the weapon. Nevertheless, the We district court informed Parker that it would accommodate a request to reschedule Parker's trial date so that he could conduct additional investigation concerning the firearm.1 This handling of Parker's motion was well within the discretion of the district court. 1 Parker did not request a continuance. 3 The ruling of the district court that the evidence was not excludable under Rule 403 was also well supported. The testimony that a weapon purchased for Parker was recovered from a city where Parker had resided previously tended to prove that he possessed the weapon and then disposed of it. the evidence damaged Parker's To the extent that admission of case, it was due only to its legitimate probative value, not to any unfairness. III. Parker also argues that the district court erred in denying his motion for acquittal on the conspiracy charge because the indictment alleged a conspiracy between Warren, Parker, and other unindicted coconspirators, but the evidence established that Warren was not part of any conspiracy. We disagree. Parker concedes that the Government was not required to show that each of the people named in the indictment as members of the conspiracy was actually a member of the conspiracy in order to prove that a conspiracy existed. And, Parker does not contend that the evidence was insufficient to prove such a conspiracy. He nevertheless maintains that the absence of proof that all of the people named in the indictment were members of the conspiracy was insufficient "to support the indictment as charged." Appellant Reginald Parker at 5. Reply Br. of Although he does not describe it as such, it appears that Parker's claim is that there was an unconstitutional variance from his indictment. 4 A "variance" occurs when the evidence presented at trial differs materially from the facts alleged in the indictment. See United States v. Kennedy, 32 F.3d 876, 883 (4th Cir. 1994). However, a variance is not grounds for reversal "unless it prejudices the defendant either by surprising him at trial and hindering the preparation of his defense, or by exposing him to the danger of a second prosecution for the same offense." States v. Randall, 171 F.3d 195, 203 (4th Cir. 1999). Here, even assuming arguendo that a variance occurred, it certainly was not grounds for reversal. The specificity with which the indictment described the alleged conspiracy was easily See United sufficient to put Parker on notice of the conspiracy sought to be charged and to protect him from possibly being prosecuted a second time for the same offense. IV. Parker next contends that the district court erred in allowing the Government to cross-examine him regarding the large number of firearms he had been involved with storing at his uncle's house in relation to the armed robbery that served as his predicate felony conviction for the felon-in-possession charges. We disagree. Parker and the Government stipulated to the existence and nature of the prior felony conviction for Parker's � 922(g) charges, and they now agree that, in light of the stipulation, further evidence regarding the conviction would not have been 5 admissible to prove the prior-conviction element of that offense. The Government nevertheless asserts that Parker's trial testimony made the Government's questioning relevant. The Government's position stems from Parker's testimony on cross-examination contradicting the testimony of at least one Government witness that Parker had asked for a 30-round clip to go with the firearm purchased on December 21, 2002. After denying that he had asked for the clip, Parker added, "I don't know where that came from, because I don't know anything about a clip. I wouldn't even know how it goes into that gun that's sitting on that floor. 376. If you gave it, I wouldn't know how it fit in there." Parker denied ever "handling a big weapon like that." J.A. Id. He then testified that he had handled "[m]aybe two" firearms in his life. Id. In light of this testimony, the Government sought to question Parker regarding his handling of more than 70 firearms he had helped steal during the armed robbery that was the predicate felony for his � 922(g) charges. Over Parker's objection, the district court ruled that "the government may question the defendant about whether or not he handled guns with regard to his prior conviction," and specified that "this line of inquiry may make reference to a particular number of guns." Id. at 491. The Government subsequently asked Parker whether it was true "that at one time [he had been] involved with ... taking to and storing at 6 [his] uncle's house 69 handguns, three rifles and two shotguns." Id. at 497. Parker admitted that he had, then he added that "[t]hat was the charge that I admitted to with the armed robbery." Id. The district court was within its discretion in allowing the questioning. Once Parker testified that he had handled only two firearms in his life, had never handled a large firearm, and thus would not know anything about the clip that at least one government witness claimed that Parker asked for, the testimony about Parker's involvement with the tens of firearms became relevant "to contradict [the] specific statements" that Parker had made and therefore prevent Parker from undermining the credibility of the government witnesses who testified that Parker asked for the clip. See United States v. Leavis, 853 F.2d 215, 220 (4th Cir. 1988). The Government was therefore "entitled ... to rebut the false impression [Parker] was creating by his testimony." Id. Parker also argues that the probative value of the testimony was substantially outweighed by its potential to cause him unfair prejudice. See Fed. R. Evid. 403. That was not the case, however. We have already explained the probative value of the evidence. While it did have the potential to damage Parker's case, there was nothing unfair about this potential prejudice. 7 V. Parker next argues that the district court erred in refusing to instruct the jury regarding entrapment. He maintains that evidence presented to the jury tended to show that he involved himself with the charged conspiracy and firearm transactions in an attempt to implicate those individuals with whom he dealt and thereby obtain leniency for his friend--and now wife--Christina Ellis, who was facing criminal charges of her own. We disagree. A defendant "is entitled to an entrapment instruction whenever there is sufficient evidence from which a reasonable jury could find entrapment." (1988). Mathews v. United States, 485 U.S. 58, 62 "[A] valid entrapment defense has two related elements: government inducement of the crime, and a lack of predisposition on the part of the defendant to engage in the criminal conduct." at 63. "`Inducement' and ... involves elements of Id. governmental to implant a overreaching conduct sufficiently excessive criminal design in the mind of an otherwise innocent party." United States v. Daniel, 3 F.3d 775, 778 (4th Cir. 1993). Here, Parker failed to present evidence that government agents induced him to engage in the charged conspiracy. court thus correctly refused to instruct the The district jury regarding entrapment. 8 VI. Parker finally contends that the district court erred in counting a 1988 aggravated assault conviction as three criminal history points in calculating his advisory guideline range, thereby placing him in Criminal History Category IV rather than III. Even assuming that the district court erred, however, the error was harmless because the change from Category IV to III would not have reduced Parker's guideline range; either way it would have been 60 months, the statutory maximum for the offense of conviction.2 See 18 U.S.C.A. � 371; United States Sentencing Guidelines Manual � 5G1.1(a) (2004) ("Where the statutorily authorized maximum sentence is less than the minimum of the applicable guideline range, the statutorily authorized maximum sentence shall be the guideline sentence."). VII. In sum, for the foregoing reasons, Parker's conviction and sentence are affirmed. facts and legal We dispense with oral argument because the are adequately presented in the contentions But for the existence of the statutory maximum, the guideline range calculated as Parker suggests would have been 6378 months as opposed to 77-96 months if the aggravated assault conviction counted for three points. 9 2 materials before the court and argument would not aid the decisional process. AFFIRMED 10


Does your Arizona commercial office space resemble a sterile doctor's office? Although countless hours are spent in-office, many only contain a drooping plant in one corner, and a "Teamwork" poster haphazardly taped above the copy machine. One may assume this cold and uninviting environment is more conducive for productivity. After all, if employees have nothing to distract them they'll focus more on their work, right? Au contraire! Forbes revealed that personalizing your office space can have many positive effects, including higher levels of job satisfaction, more productivity, and ultimately, lower turnover. So perk up that plant, get over your fear of color and have some fun! Having trouble finding creative ways to spruce up your office space? Here are some quick ways to personalize your office space in AZ and make your work environment a happier place to be.


Welfare of Schedule Castes & Backward Classes Department, Govt. of Haryana website complies with World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 level AA. This will enable people with visual impairments access the website using assistive technologies, such as screen readers. The information of the website is accessible with different screen readers.


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Heineken packs hero 'Open Your World' manifesto
Heineken is launching a new campaign, 'Open Your World', which encourages consumers to broaden their horizons and to see that there is more that unites us than divides us.
In order to bring the ethos of the campaign to life in store, limited edition packaging is available now across Heineken bottles, cans and multi-packs with a campaign manifesto on the back. The design of the limited edition packs features a world map.
The Open Your World campaign launches with a film, 'Worlds Apart', that brings together two total strangers divided by their beliefs to prove that even the most divided groups can come together to find common ground.
Cindy Tervoort, head of marketing at Heineken, said: "This campaign is committed to looking out, not in - what we at Heineken have prided ourselves on for more than 150 years. For us, openness is more than just a value. It's what we stand for. We believe that sharing a connection with someone over a beer is one of the ways in which our consumers can have a new experience that opens their world, and the new limited edition Open Your World packaging is a great way to encourage shoppers to do just that."
Finally, the Open Your World campaign will promote research from Goldsmiths University human behaviour expert, Dr Chris Brauer, which has revealed certain characteristics consumers should adopt to become more open to the world around them.
The 'Worlds Apart' film can be viewed here: https://youtu.be/8wYXw4K0A3g


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'The Irishman' Is A Return To Form For Martin Scorsese
Film reunites director with Robert DeNiro, marks first collaboration with Al Pacino
By Beth Accomando
Photo credit: Netflix
Joe Pesci and Robert DeNiro reunite for director Martin Scorsese in "The Irishman."
Companion viewing
"Mean Streets" (1973)
"Taxi Driver" (1976)
"Goodfellas" (1990)
Aired 11/15/19 on KPBS News
Listen to this story by Beth Accomando.
Netflix is once again setting its sights on an Oscar with the release of Martin Scorsese's "The Irishman." The film was produced for the streaming service and begins a theatrical release before airing on Netflix. It continues at Landmark's Hillcrest Cinemas and begins streaming on Netflix on Nov. 27.
I fell in love with Martin Scorsese's films as a teenager in the 1970s, films like "Mean Streets" and "Taxi Driver." I was from New York, I was Italian, and I wanted to make movies so Scorsese was one of my cinematic idols.
But, for the past two decades, I have not been able to love a film of his as I did those early ones … until now. "The Irishman" marks a return to form for Scorsese, a return to those mean streets with less of that pandering for an Oscar feel of the past couple decades.
Scorsese should have won an Oscar ages ago for films like "Goodfellas" and "Raging Bull." But his inability to win the award he coveted seemed to drive him to make films that felt like they were catering to what he thought the Academy wanted. So he tried a period drama with "The Age of Innocence;" a biopic with "The Aviator;" and an homage to cinema with "Hugo." That also meant trading in the actors that were the heart and soul of his early films for more conventional Hollywood stars such as Leonardo DiCaprio, Matt Damon and Cameron Diaz.
But with "The Irishman" he's finally back with Robert DeNiro and Harvey Keitel of "Mean Streets," back with Joe Pesci from "Goodfellas" and "Casino," and working for the first time with Al Pacino. All of this made me ecstatic before I even saw one minute of film.
As with "Goodfellas," "The Irishman" looks to a real life source of inspiration to weave an epic tale of mob life. For "The Irishman," Scorsese turns to Charles Brandt's non-fiction book "I Heard You Paint Houses" (the title refers to killing a person and leaving blood splattered on the walls), which recounts the life of union leader and alleged hitman Frank Sheeran.
Brandt was a homicide investigator and prosecutor who moved on to plaintiffs medical malpractice and was retained by the Philadelphia mob to secure the early release from jail on medical grounds of Frank "The Irishman" Sheeran (played by DeNiro in the film). That is how Brandt became friends with Sheeran and would later interview him in the years before his death for the book. During those interviews, Sheeran claimed that he killed Jimmy Hoffa although that has never been proven. He also made a lot of other colorful claims that fill the book and now the film, and I'm not sure if it's all true but it makes one helluva a good tale.
Jimmy Hoffa (AlPacino, center) flanked by lawyer Bill Bufalino (Ray Romano) and Frank Sheeran (Robert DeNiro) in Martin Scorsese's "The Irishman."
Scorsese revisits ground covered in films like "Goodfellas" but instead of the flamboyant style of a young wannabe gangster, Scorsese gives us a look back on the mob from a dying man's perspective. The opening tracking shot slowly and painstakingly takes us through a nursing home (surveying all the lack of activity of the residents) until we find the aging Sheeran in a wheelchair. That long take reminds us of the dazzling, energetic single shot that follows the brash Henry Hill into a club in "Goodfellas." They are essentially the same type of shot but delivered in polar opposite ways for radically different purposes. In "Goodfellas" it was all about the seductive allure of the mob and the prestige it could carry but in "The Irishman" it's about the cost that kind of lifestyle can take and where it can leave you.
It's fascinating to see how Scorsese revisits flourishes from his past films but with this sense of an old man's weariness. But it reflects the weariness and age of the character not of Scorsese as a filmmaker — he is as vigorous as ever.
There's a scene of Sheeran picking out a gun to use for a killing and it is very similar to the scene of Travis Bickle picking out the gun he wants to have in "Taxi Driver." But Sheeran is looking at the guns with the kind of dull interest people display in having to decide which toilet paper to buy. The scene conveys the sense of how routine things like this have gotten for him.
There has been much buzz about the "youthening" CGI effects that allow the actors to play their roles across decades. But when it's applied to actors like DeNiro, Pesci and Pacino you quickly forget the gimmick and just enjoy their performances. What also helps is that we are introduced to DeNiro's Sheeran as an old, dying man. So he's in make up to look older than DeNiro actually is and that means we are eased into the fact that these actors are going to be playing a range of ages. While there are moments that you may become aware of the effect and the shiny tight skin, overall you simply forget about it and just get pulled into the story.
Martin Scorsese (right) directing Robert DeNiro in a scene from "The Irishman."
As you might expect in a film that spans decades and everything from the Bay of Pigs to Hoffa's murder to mob infighting, there's some scene chewing but there are also plenty of moments of silence and stillness for contrast. Sheeran's daughter (played by Lucy Gallina as a young girl and then by Anna Paquin) is almost wordless but in her silences we feel so much processing of information about her father and ultimately judgement of him. These scenes are some of the best in the film.
The cast from top to bottom is a pleasure to watch, although I wish Keitel had a bigger role. There are also surprises like Ray Romano playing a mob lawyer. But the joy of this film is DeNiro, Pesci and Pacino being given meaty roles to sink their teeth into.
I'm thrilled to once again be able to say a Scorsese film will be on my top 10 list this year. Hollywood and the academy may not like the fact that Netflix, a mere streaming service, is producing films by top filmmakers that are getting awards attention but without Netflix and Amazon Studios to offer financing for films that are not huge studio franchise films then films such as "The Irishman" and last year's "Roma" might not be made.
Clocking in at 3-hours-plus, "The Irishman" is worth experiencing in a cinema where you can give it your full attention and appreciate the sweep of its story on the big screen.
Satisfy your celluloid addiction with the Cinema Junkie podcast, where you can mainline film 24/7. This film and entertainment series is run by KPBS Film Critic Beth Accomando.
So if you need a film fix, want to hear what filmmakers have to say about their work, or just want to know what's worth seeing this weekend, then you've come to the right place
Beth Accomando
Arts & Culture Reporter
I cover arts and culture, from Comic-Con to opera, from pop entertainment to fine art, from zombies to Shakespeare. I am interested in going behind the scenes to explore the creative process; seeing how pop culture reflects social issues; and providing a context for art and entertainment.
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'Joker' Tops Oscar Nominations With 11; 3 Other Films Get 10
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Satisfy your celluloid addiction with the Cinema Junkie blog and podcast, where you can mainline film 24/7. This film and entertainment series is run by KPBS Film Critic Beth Accomando.
So if you need a film fix, want to hear what filmmakers have to say about their work, or just want to know what's worth seeing this weekend, then you've come to the right place.
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What to know about rainy season in Costa Rica
Gijsbert Dros | Jan 27, 2019 | Dominical - Uvita, Travel Costa Rica
Why the green season in Costa Rica is a great time to visit Dominical
This blog article will inform you when the rainy season starts and ends in Costa Rica and if you need to avoid the Costa Rican rainy season. It also explains you about green season and what the top 5 benefits of traveling to Costa Rica during rainy season are.
Rainy season or green season?
The rainy season in Costa Rica is not so bad as one might expect. This is exactly the reason why many people nowadays talk about green season instead of rainy season. Officially the rainy season starts in May and ends in November. Despites some typical strong rain storms at the beginning of the rainy season in May, the 'real' rainy season is around the month of October. During this period it is possible to have very rainy days, but almost never for multiple days in a row. A typical rainy season day in Costa Rica starts sunny and from 3PM there is a chance of a short – sometimes heavy – rain shower. Typically it rains for 30 to 90 minutes in the late afternoon or evening. Most people like it because it brings the temperature down to a more comfortable temperature for sleeping. The plants and trees benefit from the rain and look very vivid and green during the rainy season; this is were the term 'green season' comes from. This effect is stronger in areas where the summertime is very dry, like in Guanacaste. The climate in Dominical & Uvita is very different; here it stays green year round. However, also in Dominical & Uvita, plants and trees are most beautiful during green season. So, don't be afraid to travel to Costa Rica in May, June, July, August, September and November the weather is still great to have a wonderful vacation. Even October can be very nice, but please realize that from late September to early November there might be a chance of some dark and very rainy days. Note: this information is not valid for the Caribbean side of Costa Rica.
5 benefits of having your vacation in Costa Rica during green season?
#1 Strong promotions!
A great advantage of planning your vacation to Costa Rica in rainy season is that most prices are much lower. Hotels, car rental, tours, flight tickets; most companies offer strong promotional prices, which are often on top of the already attractive low season prices. Also with Hotel Villas Río Mar you can benefit from great hotel deals during rainy season.
#2 Get the real rainforest experience
Witnessing a proper rainforest downpour is an experience by itself. You won't believe the amount of water that can fall from the sky. When the rain stops, you can go to the beach where you will see the rainstorm move away over the ocean. Watching the light show over the sea – created by the thunder in the distance – will be an unforgettable experience!
Rainy season is also called Green season
#3 Fewer tourists
Another great advantage of having your vacation in Costa Rica during rainy season is that it will not be crowed in hotels or at popular beaches and -attractions. So your vacation will be even more relaxed and you don't have to wait in line.
#4 Nature at its best!
Like explained in the beginning the Costa Rican nature is even more stunning during the rainy season. In addition; waterfalls are spectacular and river rafting is absolutely awesome during this time in the year.
"The rainy season is also called 'green season' because the plants and trees look at their best during this season."
#5 Whale watching season
The whales come at the peak of the rainy season! Although whales are seen from mid-July mid-November, the best time for whale watching in Uvita and Dominical is during September and October. The following article gives more information on whale watching in Uvita & Dominical.
Tips for traveling in Costa Rica during rainy season
Plan your activities in the morning, since rain is more likely during the (late) afternoon.
There are more mosquitoes during the rainy season; make sure to bring sufficient repellent.


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Religious Freedom and Community Associations: How does the Religious Freedom Restoration Act Impact Condominium and Homeowner Associations?
by Kevin Hirzel | Apr 14, 2015 | Bylaws, Condo and HOA Cases, Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Fair Housing Act, Michigan Condominium Lawyer, Religion, Rules and Regulations
In 1993, the federal government enacted the Religious Freedom Restoration Act ("RFRA"). The purpose of the RFRA was to allow a person to avoid complying with any law that interfered with the exercise of their religious freedom unless there was a compelling governmental interest behind the law and the least restrictive means of furthering that compelling governmental interest was utilized. In City of Boerne v Flores, 521 US 507 (1997) the United States Supreme Court held that the RFRA could not be applied to the states, although it has subsequently been upheld as constitutional as applied to the federal government. Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal, 546 US 418 (2006). Accordingly, after City of Boerne v Flores, approximately twenty (20) states enacted a version of RFRA . Sixteen (16) states, including Michigan, proposed RFRA legislation during the 2015 legislative session.
As exemplified recently in Indiana, the enactment of the RFRA by the states has been extremely controversial. Proponents of state RFRA legislation argue that individuals should not be forced to take action that is contrary to their religious beliefs. Detractors of RFRA legislation argue that it provides a license to discriminate and erodes civil rights. This article will explore the current landscape of the federal and state law that is applicable to the exercise of religious freedom in community associations and then discuss the potential impact that the Federal RFRA and the proposed Michigan Religious Freedom Restoration Act, Senate Bill No. 4 (2015), may have on Michigan community associations.
The Federal Fair Housing Act
42 U.S.C. 3604(b) makes it unlawful "[t]o discriminate against any person in the terms, conditions, or privileges of sale or rental of a dwelling, or in the provision of services or facilities in connection therewith, because of race, color, religion, sex, familial status, or national origin." In interpreting the Federal Fair Housing Act, courts have typically upheld facially neutral bylaws that have interfered with a co-owner's exercise of the religious freedom. In Boodram v Maryland Farms Condo, 16 F3d 408 (CA 4 1994), the Court upheld a bylaw preventing balcony storage, even though a Hindu co-owner argued that it interfered with the placement of a Jhandee (flag) that he was compelled to fly based upon his religion. The court reasoned that the bylaw provision was "an altogether typical and reasonable attempt by a condominium association to ensure an attractive and uniform appearance." Similarly, in Savanna Club Worship Serv., Inc v Savanna Club Homeowners' Ass'n, 456 F. Supp. 2d 1223 (S.D. Fla. 2005), the Court upheld an exclusion of all worship services in common areas because all faiths were treated the same.
However, other courts have recognized that the enforcement of seemingly neutral rules could give rise to a Fair Housing Act violation if the rule was intended to discriminate or had a disparate impact on religious beliefs. In Bloch v Frischholz, 587 F3d 771, 783 (CA 7 2009), the Shoreline Towers Condominium Association adopted a rule that barred the placement of "mats, boots, shoes, carts or objects of any sort" outside a co-owner's door. The Association later interpreted the rule to disallow a mezuzah (a Jewish religious symbol). The Court allowed Bloch to sue the association for violating her religious freedom. The Court held that a claim for violating the Fair Housing Act could be established in two different ways. First, the Court held that Bloch could pursue a theory of discriminatory intent. While the rule itself was neutral, the Court reasoned that discriminatory intent could be demonstrated as the association ordered the removal of the mezuzah, but allowed other tables and coat racks to remain in place, which demonstrated a selective interpretation and/or enforcement of the rule.
Second, the Court held that while Bloch could not pursue a theory of discriminatory impact, that theory was another way a Fair Housing Act violation could be established. For example, a condominium association may establish a rule that co-owners must present a photo ID to enter the building so the security guard can determine their identity. However, such a rule may have a disparate impact on Muslim women that wear a burka that do not show their face in public. On June 25, 2015, in a 5-4 decision, the United States Supreme Court upheld the viability of a disparate impact theory in Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v. The Inclusive Communities Project, Inc. Accordingly, a Plaintiff does not need to demonstrate proof of actual intent to discriminate in order to establish a violation for the Fair Housing Act.
Michigan's Elliot Larsen Civil Rights Act
In Michigan, MCL 37.2505 forbids a condition, restriction or prohibition that limits the use or occupancy of real property based on "religion, race, color, national origin, age, sex, familial status, or marital status." In interpreting MCL 37.2505, the Michigan Court of Appeals upheld a condominium association's enforcement of its bylaws that required the timely removal of holiday decorations. Specifically, in Pointe of Woods Condo Ass'n v Doel, Unpublished Opinion of the Michigan Court of Appeals, Docket No. 236617, 2003 WL 1558086 at *1 (March 25, 2003), the Court held that:
The rule adopted by plaintiff's board of directors is phrased in neutral terms to apply to all holidays. "The purpose of the … [c]ivil [r]ights [a]ct is to prevent discrimination against persons based on their membership in a certain class…." Bryant v Automatic Data Processing, Inc, 151 Mich.App 424, 430; 390 NW2d 732 (1986). Defendants have failed to show that plaintiff imposed a condition, restriction, or prohibition that limits the use of real property on the basis of religion, race, color, or national origin. MCL 37.2505.
While there is relatively little case law interpreting MCL 37.2505, it appears that the Michigan Courts, similar to the Federal Courts, will likewise uphold reasonable bylaws and rules, which are facially neutral, so long as there is no discriminatory intent behind the bylaw or rule. This would also be true for most other states that have some form of a civil rights statute or something expressly in their condominium act that prevents discrimination.
Michigan's Proposed Religious Freedom Restoration Act
Michigan Senate Bill No. 4 (2015) is very similar to the federal RFRA, which bars the federal government from intruding on a person's religious liberty unless it can prove a compelling interest in imposing a burden on religious freedom and demonstrate that it has done so in the least restrictive way. Specifically, Senate Bill No. 4 reads as follows:
(1) Except as provided in subsection (2), government shall not substantially burden a person's exercise of religion, even if the burden results from a rule of general applicability
(2) Government may substantially burden a person's exercise of religion only if it demonstrates that application of the burden to that person's exercise of religion in that particular instance is both of the following:
In furtherance of a compelling governmental interest.
The least restrictive means of furthering that compelling governmental interest.
(3) A person whose religious exercise has been burdened in violation of this section may assert that violation as a claim or defense in any judicial or administrative proceeding and obtain appropriate relief, including equitable relief, against government.
Based upon the above language, it is important to note that it is unlikely that either the federal or any state version of the RFRA would apply to private disputes between an association and a co-owner, unless there was some form of government action involved. While both versions of the statute define the term "government" as a person acting under "color of law", the United States Supreme Court has held that action by a private party, pursuant to statute, does not alone qualify a person as a "state actor" or acting under the color of law and that "something more" would be required. Lugar v Edmondson Oil Co, Inc, 457 US 922, 939 (1982). However, the United States Supreme Court has found that the "something more" constituting state action could occur when private parties sought judicial enforcement of racially restrictive deed restrictions. Shelley v Kraemer, 334 US 1, 13-14 (1948). While Shelley has largely been limited to the facts of that case, it is possible that a Court could find that judicial enforcement of religious restrictions in condominium bylaws constituted "state action." However, this issue remains unresolved.
The two most likely scenarios in which the RFRA would be applied are 1) the Department of Housing and Urban Development enforcing the Fair Housing Act and 2) the Michigan Civil Rights Commission enforcing the Elliot Larsen Civil Rights Act. Similar to its federal counterpart, the proposed Michigan RFRA does not define the term "person." However, in the recent landmark decision of Burwell v Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc, 573 US ___ (2014), the United States Supreme Court held that a closely held corporation was a "person" under the Federal RFRA and that a closely held corporation was capable of having religious beliefs that could be interfered with by the government. As a practical matter, it may be difficult for a closely held corporation, condominium association or homeowner association to hold a religious belief. However, in the wake of Burwell, it now appears possible that community associations, which are largely nonprofit corporations, could rely on the religious beliefs of their boards and/or members and adopt them as the beliefs of the community association. Examples of situations where this may arise are as follows:
An association amends its bylaws to prevent devil worshippers from occupying units.
An association amends its bylaws to prevent a single man from living with two (2) unmarried women.
An association amends its bylaws to prevent divorced people from occupying units.
An association amends its bylaws to prevent unmarried couples from occupying units.
An association amends its bylaws to prevent homosexual couples from occupying units.
While many people may find scenario number one acceptable, most people would find the remainder of the scenarios as offensive and/or gross violations of a person's civil liberties, especially scenario number five, which has become a hot button issue nationwide. However, based on Burwell, it is at least arguable that the RFRA could provide an association with a defense to a Fair Housing Act violation and force a governmental entity to demonstrate a compelling interest as to why an association should be not allowed to exercise its "religious beliefs" in enacting the bylaws in any of the above scenarios. Given that the decision in Burwell is relatively recent, it remains to be seen whether a community association will attempt to enact bylaws that many find morally repugnant, in the name of "religious freedom" and later defend what would ordinarily be a Fair Housing Act violation based upon the federal RFRA.
At the present time, the federal RFRA would not provide a community association with a defense to a violation of a state civil rights statute, such as the Elliott Larsen Civil Rights Act. However, if Senate Bill No. 4 (2015) is passed, or a modified version of the RFRA is enacted into law in Michigan, the Michigan version of the RFRA could arguably act as a defense against a claim brought by the Michigan Civil Rights Commission for violating the Elliot Larsen Civil Rights Act. However, Governor Rick Snyder has indicated that he would veto the current version of Senate Bill No. 4 (2015), which other states have adopted, unless anti-discrimination measures were added to the bill. Accordingly, the future of the RFRA in Michigan is uncertain at the present time.
Given that religious freedom in community associations is a rapidly evolving area of the law, community association boards should consult with legal counsel when enacting and/or enforcing bylaws or ruling that could impact the religious beliefs of co-owners. As a general rule, courts will likely continue to uphold facially neutral bylaws and/or rules that interfere with the practice of religion in community associations, so long as is there is no discriminatory intent behind the bylaw or rule and the bylaw or rule has not been enforced in a discriminatory manner. However, community associations should be mindful that this general rule may change depending on future court rulings that interpret either federal or state versions of the RFRA, and that issues involving religious freedom are often decided on the specific facts of each particular case.
Kevin Hirzel is the Managing Member of Hirzel Law, PLC and concentrates his practice on commercial litigation, community association law, condominium law, Fair Housing Act compliance, homeowners association and real estate law. Mr. Hirzel is a fellow in the College of Community Association Lawyers, a prestigious designation given to less than 175 attorneys in the country. He has been a Michigan Super Lawyer's Rising Star in Real Estate Law from 2013-2018, an award given to only 2.5% of the attorneys in Michigan each year. Mr. Hirzel was named an Up & Coming Lawyer by Michigan Lawyer's Weekly in 2015, an award given to only 30 attorneys in Michigan each year. He represents community associations, condominium associations, cooperatives, homeowners associations, property owners and property managers throughout Michigan. He may be reached at (248) 478-1800 or [email protected].


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Staircase - Describes the entire stair structure, including steps, balustrades, landings, treads, etc.
Stairwell/Stairway - The void or empty space that accommodates the stairs.
Spindle/Baluster - The decorative or plain vertical element that fills the space between the baserail and the handrail.
Tread - A step's horizontal or top surface.
Riser - The board forming the face of a step. Typically 220 mm or about 8.7" high in domestic environments.
Step - The combination of tread and riser.
Rake - The pitch of a flight of stairs.
Balustrade - Term for the complete assembly of handrail, baserail, spindles, caps, newels, etc.
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text:
import unittest
import json
import sys
import os

sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),
                             os.pardir,
                             os.pardir))

from nysa.cbuilder import sdb_component as sdbc
from nysa.cbuilder import sdb_object_model as som
from nysa.cbuilder.som_rom_generator import generate_rom_image
from nysa.cbuilder.som_rom_generator import get_total_number_of_records

from nysa.cbuilder.sdb import SDBInfo
from nysa.cbuilder.sdb import SDBWarning
from nysa.cbuilder.sdb import SDBError

from nysa.common.status import StatusLevel
from nysa.common.status import Status

class Test (unittest.TestCase):
    """Unit test SDB Tree"""

    def setUp(self):
        self.som = som.SOM()

    def test_generate_simple_rom(self):
        self.som.initialize_root()
        root = self.som.get_root()
        d = sdbc.create_device_record(name = "device 1", size = 0x100)
        self.som.insert_component(root, d)
        rom = generate_rom_image(self.som)
        #rom = generate_rom_image(self.som)
        write_to_file(rom, "/home/cospan/sandbox/simple_rom.txt")

        #print_sdb(rom)

    def test_generate_one_sub_bus_rom(self):
        self.som.initialize_root()
        root = self.som.get_root()
        bus = self.som.insert_bus()
        d = sdbc.create_device_record(name = "device 1", size = 0x100)
        self.som.insert_component(bus, d)
        rom = generate_rom_image(self.som)
        #print_sdb(rom)
        #Need a mechanism to verify this

    def test_generate_two_sub_buses(self):
        self.som.initialize_root()
        root = self.som.get_root()
        peripheral = self.som.insert_bus()
        peripheral.set_name("peripheral")
        memory = self.som.insert_bus()
        memory.set_name("memory")
        d1 = sdbc.create_device_record(name = "device 1", size = 0x100)
        d2 = sdbc.create_device_record(name = "device 2", size = 0x100)
        m1 = sdbc.create_device_record(name = "memory 1", size = 0x10000)
        m2 = sdbc.create_device_record(name = "memory 2", size = 0x20000)
        peripheral.set_child_spacing(0x0100000000)
        self.som.insert_component(peripheral, d1)
        self.som.insert_component(peripheral, d2)
        self.som.insert_component(memory, m1)
        self.som.insert_component(memory, m2)
        rom = generate_rom_image(self.som)
        write_to_file(rom, "/home/cospan/sandbox/two_bus_rom.txt")
        #print_sdb(rom)

    def test_generate_one_sub_bus_integration_record(self):
        self.som.initialize_root()
        root = self.som.get_root()
        bus = self.som.insert_bus()
        intr = sdbc.create_integration_record("Integration Data",
                                                vendor_id = 0x800BEAF15DEADC03,
                                                device_id = 0x00000000)
        d = sdbc.create_device_record(name = "device 1", size = 0x100)
        self.som.insert_component(bus, d)
        self.som.insert_component(bus, intr)
        rom = generate_rom_image(self.som)
        #print_sdb(rom)

    def test_generate_one_sub_bus_with_url(self):
        self.som.initialize_root()
        root = self.som.get_root()
        bus = self.som.insert_bus()
        url = sdbc.create_repo_url_record("http://www.geocities.com")
        d = sdbc.create_device_record(name = "device 1", size = 0x100)
        self.som.insert_component(bus, d)
        self.som.insert_component(root, url)
        rom = generate_rom_image(self.som)
        #print_sdb(rom)

    def test_generate_one_sub_bus_with_synthesis(self):
        self.som.initialize_root()
        root = self.som.get_root()
        bus = self.som.insert_bus()
        url = sdbc.create_repo_url_record("http://www.geocities.com")
        synthesis = sdbc.create_synthesis_record("Synthesis Name", 123, "cool tool", 1.0, "jeff")
        d = sdbc.create_device_record(name = "device 1", size = 0x100)
        self.som.insert_component(bus, d)
        self.som.insert_component(root, synthesis)
        rom = generate_rom_image(self.som)
        #print_sdb(rom)

    def test_parse_large_rom(self):
        self.som.initialize_root()
        root = self.som.get_root()
        url = sdbc.create_repo_url_record("http://www.geocities.com")
        synthesis = sdbc.create_synthesis_record("Synthesis Name", 123, "cool tool", 1.0, "jeff")
        intr = sdbc.create_integration_record("Integration Data",
                                                vendor_id = 0x800BEAF15DEADC03,
                                                device_id = 0x00000000)

        peripheral = self.som.insert_bus()
        peripheral.set_name("peripheral")
        memory = self.som.insert_bus()
        memory.set_name("memory")
        self.som.insert_component(root, url)
        self.som.insert_component(root, synthesis)
        d1 = sdbc.create_device_record(name = "device 1", size = 0x100)
        d2 = sdbc.create_device_record(name = "device 2", size = 0x100)
        m1 = sdbc.create_device_record(name = "memory 1", size = 0x10000)
        m2 = sdbc.create_device_record(name = "memory 2", size = 0x20000)
        peripheral.set_child_spacing(0x0100000000)
        self.som.insert_component(peripheral, d1)
        self.som.insert_component(peripheral, d2)
        self.som.insert_component(peripheral, intr)
        self.som.insert_component(memory, m1)
        self.som.insert_component(memory, m2)
        rom = generate_rom_image(self.som)
        #print_sdb(rom)

    def test_get_total_number_of_records(self):
        self.som.initialize_root()
        root = self.som.get_root()
        url = sdbc.create_repo_url_record("http://www.geocities.com")
        synthesis = sdbc.create_synthesis_record("Synthesis Name", 123, "cool tool", 1.0, "jeff")
        intr = sdbc.create_integration_record("Integration Data",
                                                vendor_id = 0x800BEAF15DEADC03,
                                                device_id = 0x00000000)

        peripheral = self.som.insert_bus()
        peripheral.set_name("peripheral")
        memory = self.som.insert_bus()
        memory.set_name("memory")
        self.som.insert_component(root, url)
        self.som.insert_component(root, synthesis)
        d1 = sdbc.create_device_record(name = "device 1", size = 0x100)
        d2 = sdbc.create_device_record(name = "device 2", size = 0x100)
        m1 = sdbc.create_device_record(name = "memory 1", size = 0x10000)
        m2 = sdbc.create_device_record(name = "memory 2", size = 0x20000)
        peripheral.set_child_spacing(0x0100000000)
        self.som.insert_component(peripheral, d1)
        self.som.insert_component(peripheral, d2)
        self.som.insert_component(peripheral, intr)
        self.som.insert_component(memory, m1)
        self.som.insert_component(memory, m2)
        count = get_total_number_of_records(self.som)
        print "count: %d" % count
        #print_sdb(rom)

def write_to_file(rom, filename):
    rom = sdbc.convert_rom_to_32bit_buffer(rom)
    f = open(filename, 'w')
    f.write(rom)
    f.close()

def print_sdb(rom):
    rom = sdbc.convert_rom_to_32bit_buffer(rom)
    rom = rom.splitlines()
    print "ROM"
    for i in range (0, len(rom), 4):
        if (i % 16 == 0):
            magic = "0x%s" % (rom[i].lower())
            last_val = int(rom[i + 15], 16) & 0xFF
            print ""
            if (magic == hex(sdbc.SDB_INTERCONNECT_MAGIC) and last_val == 0):
                print "Interconnect"
            elif last_val == 0x01:
                print "Device"
            elif last_val == 0x02:
                print "Bridge"
            elif last_val == 0x80:
                print "Integration"
            elif last_val == 0x81:
                print "URL"
            elif last_val == 0x82:
                print "Synthesis"
            elif last_val == 0xFF:
                print "Empty"
            else:
                print "???"

        print "%s %s : %s %s" % (rom[i], rom[i + 1], rom[i + 2], rom[i + 3])

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: soap client not able to access webservice with saml authentication over SSL enabled I used the example given at => http://metro.java.net/nonav/1.2/guide/Example_Applications.html#ahies
to try saml authentication over SSL in netbeans 7.3.1 with jdk 7 and glassfish 4.0.
However when I run my client code I'm getting an exception
Exception
javax.xml.ws.WebServiceException)javax.xml.ws.WebServiceException: Failed to access the WSDL at: https://:8181/CalculatorApplication/CalculatorWS?wsdl. It failed with:
    java.security.cert.CertificateException: No name matching  found.
The exception came in my JSP when I was trying to create the service :
org.me.calculator.client.CalculatorWS_Service service = new org.me.calculator.client.CalculatorWS_Service();
Can anyone who has tried this or has faced similar issue help me with this.
Complete stack trace =>
SEVERE:   javax.xml.ws.WebServiceException: Failed to access the WSDL at: https://:8181/CalculatorApplication/CalculatorWS?wsdl. It failed with:
    java.security.cert.CertificateException: No name matching  found.
    at com.sun.xml.ws.wsdl.parser.RuntimeWSDLParser.tryWithMex(RuntimeWSDLParser.java:249)
    at com.sun.xml.ws.wsdl.parser.RuntimeWSDLParser.parse(RuntimeWSDLParser.java:230)
    at com.sun.xml.ws.wsdl.parser.RuntimeWSDLParser.parse(RuntimeWSDLParser.java:193)
    at com.sun.xml.ws.wsdl.parser.RuntimeWSDLParser.parse(RuntimeWSDLParser.java:162)
    at com.sun.xml.ws.client.WSServiceDelegate.parseWSDL(WSServiceDelegate.java:359)
    at com.sun.xml.ws.client.WSServiceDelegate.(WSServiceDelegate.java:321)
    at com.sun.xml.ws.client.WSServiceDelegate.(WSServiceDelegate.java:230)
    at com.sun.xml.ws.client.WSServiceDelegate.(WSServiceDelegate.java:212)
    at com.sun.xml.ws.client.WSServiceDelegate.(WSServiceDelegate.java:208)
    at com.sun.xml.ws.spi.ProviderImpl.createServiceDelegate(ProviderImpl.java:112)
    at javax.xml.ws.Service.(Service.java:92)
    at org.me.calculator.client.CalculatorWS_Service.(CalculatorWS_Service.java:42)
    at org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspService(index_jsp.java:58)
    at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:111)
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:790)
    at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:411)
    at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:473)
    at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:377)
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:790)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.service(StandardWrapper.java:1682)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:318)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:160)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.doInvoke(StandardPipeline.java:734)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.invoke(StandardPipeline.java:673)
    at com.sun.enterprise.web.WebPipeline.invoke(WebPipeline.java:99)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:174)
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.doService(CoyoteAdapter.java:357)
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:260)
    at com.sun.enterprise.v3.services.impl.ContainerMapper.service(ContainerMapper.java:188)
    at org.glassfish.grizzly.http.server.HttpHandler.runService(HttpHandler.java:191)
    at org.glassfish.grizzly.http.server.HttpHandler.doHandle(HttpHandler.java:168)
    at org.glassfish.grizzly.http.server.HttpServerFilter.handleRead(HttpServerFilter.java:189)
    at org.glassfish.grizzly.filterchain.ExecutorResolver$9.execute(ExecutorResolver.java:119)
    at org.glassfish.grizzly.filterchain.DefaultFilterChain.executeFilter(DefaultFilterChain.java:288)
    at org.glassfish.grizzly.filterchain.DefaultFilterChain.executeChainPart(DefaultFilterChain.java:206)
    at org.glassfish.grizzly.filterchain.DefaultFilterChain.execute(DefaultFilterChain.java:136)
    at org.glassfish.grizzly.filterchain.DefaultFilterChain.process(DefaultFilterChain.java:114)
    at org.glassfish.grizzly.ProcessorExecutor.execute(ProcessorExecutor.java:77)
    at org.glassfish.grizzly.nio.transport.TCPNIOTransport.fireIOEvent(TCPNIOTransport.java:838)
    at org.glassfish.grizzly.strategies.AbstractIOStrategy.fireIOEvent(AbstractIOStrategy.java:113)
    at org.glassfish.grizzly.strategies.WorkerThreadIOStrategy.run0(WorkerThreadIOStrategy.java:115)
    at org.glassfish.grizzly.strategies.WorkerThreadIOStrategy.access$100(WorkerThreadIOStrategy.java:55)
    at org.glassfish.grizzly.strategies.WorkerThreadIOStrategy$WorkerThreadRunnable.run(WorkerThreadIOStrategy.java:135)
    at org.glassfish.grizzly.threadpool.AbstractThreadPool$Worker.doWork(AbstractThreadPool.java:564)
    at org.glassfish.grizzly.threadpool.AbstractThreadPool$Worker.run(AbstractThreadPool.java:544)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724)
Caused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: java.security.cert.CertificateException: No name matching  found
    at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:192)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1884)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:276)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:270)
    at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:1341)
    at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.processMessage(ClientHandshaker.java:153)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Handshaker.java:868)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Handshaker.java:804)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:1016)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1312)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1339)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1323)
    at sun.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsClient.afterConnect(HttpsClient.java:563)
    at sun.net.www.protocol.https.AbstractDelegateHttpsURLConnection.connect(AbstractDelegateHttpsURLConnection.java:185)
    at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream(HttpURLConnection.java:1300)
    at sun.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsURLConnectionImpl.getInputStream(HttpsURLConnectionImpl.java:254)
    at java.net.URL.openStream(URL.java:1037)
    at com.sun.xml.ws.wsdl.parser.RuntimeWSDLParser.createReader(RuntimeWSDLParser.java:983)
    at com.sun.xml.ws.wsdl.parser.RuntimeWSDLParser.resolveWSDL(RuntimeWSDLParser.java:384)
    at com.sun.xml.ws.wsdl.parser.RuntimeWSDLParser.parse(RuntimeWSDLParser.java:215)
    ... 44 more
Caused by: java.security.cert.CertificateException: No name matching  found
    at sun.security.util.HostnameChecker.matchDNS(HostnameChecker.java:208)
    at sun.security.util.HostnameChecker.match(HostnameChecker.java:93)
    at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkIdentity(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:347)
    at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:203)
    at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:126)
    at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:1323)
    ... 59 more

A: There is a solution available here[1]. Looks like this is a known issue. I have not tried the solution he is proposing but it looks like the issue is verifying the hostname. He is overwriting the verification method.
       public boolean verify(String hostname,
                javax.net.ssl.SSLSession sslSession) {
            if (hostname.equals("localhost")) {
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

[1] - http://www.mkyong.com/webservices/jax-ws/java-security-cert-certificateexception-no-name-matching-localhost-found/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The era of prohibition. The city has been taken over by a powerful crime boss, and his network of speakeasies and casinos continues to thrive despite the authorities' efforts to take them down. Your team is the only hope left to end this reign of terror once and for all. You have an hour inside the most notorious speakeasy in town to find evidence strong enough to stand up in court. Can you escape in 60 minutes before the cops raid the joint?
Reviews of escape game "The Speakeasy"


Over the next few weeks I am going to be working with groups of primary school pupils to try and improve their speaking and listening skills. One way of helping with this is to record them and play back the recordings so that they can hear and analyse themselves.
There are lots of podcasting solutions available for the iPad but I wanted to find a simple way of recording pupils using an iPad, reviewing / re-recording them and then publishing straight onto a PrimaryBlogger site based on WordPress. One of the more popular ways of doing this is with Audioboo and I will look at this in another posting.
You can also create a Podcast category and set the app to automatically post into this category.
Mobile Podcaster is very easy to use, you can view a video on how to use it to publish a podcast, optional text and picture straight to you class blog.
I will add some links to some of our podcasts shortly.


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text:
Q: JScrollPane and printAll() I am working on a JPanel extension that is only for rendering its contents to a BufferedImage, which I then use as a texture for rendering in OpenGL. For this, I create my special JPanel extension with a layout manager etc., like I would if I was building a normal Swing GUI.
In order to render it to an image, I make sure to call doLayout first and then I use the printAll(java.awt.Graphics) method to print it and the added components:
    Graphics2D g = image.createGraphics();
    printAll(g);

Swing itself (EDT, RepaintManager etc) is never involved, I just create the components (outside any window or frame) and directly use printAll.
This is working perfectly well for most "atomic" components (such as buttons, labels, lists), but I hit on a problem with the JScrollPane. Whatever I try, the JScrollPane will never paint its viewports (the main viewport and the scroll bars) to the given Graphics but only its border, and even manually calling printAll on the viewports yields no result.
I attached two screenshots which show a "before and after" of a simple GUI consisting of a JList and a JButton. On the first image, I use the raw JList, in the second image, I wrapped it into a JScrollPane using new JScrollPane(list).

I failed to find any magic inside the JScrollPane code related to painting its viewports. Maybe something needs to be initialized that Swing would do, but I forgot. Is there any way I can get those viewports to show up?

A: not sure from your question
1) if there is about JScrollPane or JViewport, becasue JViewport is only (from JScrollPane) about visible Rectangle on the screen,
2) every JComponent returns Graphics2D
3) please why do you call doLayout() / addNotify(), in the case that all events for Swing GUI are done on EDT, or are there some events based on Swing Timer
4) better would be edit your question with SSCCE that generated un_wanted output to the GUI
5) for JViewport you have to create and override your own RepaintManager
6) maybe stupid question, please ensure us that there isn't any animations of JComponent, meaning moving accross JScrollPane and freezed on EDT by Thread.sleep(int)
EDIT (could be most important)
7) for OpenGL you have to implements Components based on Java AWT

A: See Why does the JTable header not appear in the image? for some general tips about rendering components to images.  Try calling combinations of validate(), addNotify() & doLayout() as mentioned in the code of that thread.


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Integrating medical students into small communities allows for significant, meaningful patient contact that best prepares them for real-world situations. Students are connected to an array of health care settings including hospitals, clinics, and physician offices. All students are exposed to clinical settings that are rich with opportunities for learning, hands-on experience, and engaging medical practice.
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With a shortage of physicians in rural areas, the Traverse City Campus opens additional opportunities to train and retain physicians for small-town practice. The medical community in northern Michigan enjoys access to sophisticated, advanced health care facilities in a region that provides exciting year-round recreation and a balanced, relaxing lifestyle.
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About Munson Medical Center
The campus is based in Traverse City, home to Munson Medical Center - a 442-bed regional referral center. Munson Medical Center consistently receives national recognition for superior quality care. Munson Healthcare's 787 physicians represent 76 specialties, including award-winning cardiac, orthopedic, and bariatric services. Munson Medical Center hosts third- and fourth-year medical students from MSU's College of Human Medicine and MSU's College of Osteopathic Medicine for training, as well as medical students from other institutions. It also hosts a Family Practice Residency program that trains resident physicians from both allopathic and osteopathic medical disciplines.
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The world of Bible publishing is about to see a new level of quality. Schuyler Bibles, from EvangelicalBible.com, will represent the highest quality in binding, materials, craftsmanship & legibility. The first Schuyler Bibles will be printed and bound Jongbloed, one of the finest book binderies in the Netherlands.
The first Schuyler Bible will be an ESV, due to be released in June. The Schuyler ESV will be quickly followed in September by the Schuyler NKJV.
Our first edition will contain the ESV translation in 2 Versions: With and Without Historical Confessions of the Church. (See the Historical Confessions below) We have been given a June 2012 Publication date.
The Schuyler NKJV will be available in September 2012. It will be a single column paragraph format Bible ~ available in Goatkin and Calfskin. It will have the sewn binding, art-gilt edges, edge-lined, black letter text with 3 ribbon markers. It will contain color maps, concordance and presentation pages. Printed and bound in the Netherlands will assure that this edition top the New King James quality and durability charts.
:O) I agree! I promise we'll have pictures as soon as they are available.
Will the NKJV also be bound with the historic confessions?
Will it have cross references?
I still haven't heard from Schuyler regarding your questions. I'll send another email.
I'm interested in the Schuyler NKJV as acomparable addition to my RL Allan and Cambridge bibles. Does the Schuyler NKJV meet a similar standard of all-around quality as those two premier Bible makers? Thanks.
Hi Steve. The Schuyler will meet the same (if not better) standards of Cambridge and Allan. Schuyler is printed and bound by Jongbloed, the same bindery that Cambridge and Allan use. I have very high hopes for Schuyler Bibles and fully expect the highest quality in every aspect. I can't wait to see the NKJV, and I'm hoping for a wide margin edition in both KJV and NKJV.
I have one on pre-order already (extremely excited), but I was curious about the goatskin. Will it probably be similar to Allan's Highland Goatskin Bibles?
Hi Brice. Congratulations! My understanding is that it will be similar to Allan's highland goatskin, just without the yapp. I hope it is as soft as the Longprimer. I have high hopes for Schuyler. I can't wait to hear how you like it.
I received the ESV Schuyler recently and I can say that this is an excellent quality Bible. The goatskin is very limp, the print is large, and the paper decently opaque. The bible itself seems to have a semi-yapp (unexpected), and the best way to explain it is (as far as my knowledge), that it is like a large Cambridge that is thin. I like the Bible itself, but it is WAY larger (or seems that way) than I had imagined.
Hi Brice. The Schuyler is very quickly sounding like an amazing Bible. I'm glad you like it. Thanks for sharing.
I prefer to use "supple" rather than "limp" which has a negative connotation. For example we see this connotation in a "limp" handshake!


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text:
Roman road near Usha
A section of a Roman road north of Usha, between Kiryat Atta and Shefaram. An inscription on a rock ("CAB") may have been an ancient Sabbath zone marker.
Home > Sites > West Galilee > Roman Road, Usha
* The road
* Sabbath marker
* Road to Usha
* Ben Baba tomb
Talmud Refs
A section of a Roman road is located north of the ancient town of Usha (which was, for some time, the place of the Sanhedrin during the Roman period). This section was constructed during the Great revolt (68-70 AD) by Roman soldiers, and connected Acre to Sepphoris.
From Sepphoris the road continued east to Tiberias and south-east to Legio-Megiddo.
Earlier times
This route was in use thousands of years before the Romans because of its easy path through the low hills of west Galilee. It was one of the east-west routes from Via Maris towards Netufa valley and the Sea of Galilee. There were alternative routes as well in the vicinity: through Evlayim creek (north of Shefaram), through Shefaram and Ofrat, and also through Sepphoris creek.
Revolt against the Romans
During the great revolt the Romans constructed new roads to make their long supply lines more efficient. Their mobilization of the army required better roads than were constructed previously. Josephus Flavius, the commander of the Galilee revolt which later wrote about these tragic events, describes one of such constructions ("Wars of the Jews", book III chapter 7 par. 3):
"Accordingly, he sent both foot-men and horsemen to level the road, which was mountainous and rocky, not without difficulty to be traveled over by footmen, but absolutely impracticable for horsemen. Now these workmen accomplished what they were about in four days' time, and opened a broad way for the army".
Josephus also describes the heavily armed Roman Army, justifying why they required such roads – see the reference below.
Aerial View / Map:
The following aerial view shows the points of interest and a map of the area.
This site is located between the following sites:
5-6 Km south-east to Tell Afek, which was located on the Via Maris (the main ancient highway).
0.5KM north-east to Khirbet Usha
1KM south-east to Somech junction, on the Afek-Shefaram road
It can be reached on foot – only a few minutes walk from the picnic tables near Khirbet Usha, on the park road ("Derech Nof") that starts from Givat Ram/Tal in Kiryat Atta. See map above – the suggested parking place is marked on the right side of the map
(a) The road:
The photo below shows a view of a section of the road towards the west. In the background is a turn of the road to the left (towards the ancient village of Usha) and right (towards Afek).
A view of the road towards the east. Shefaram is seen on the background.
Another section of the road, with a view towards the east.
(b) Road to Usha:
A section of the road that climbs up to Khirbet Usha. Along the road, on the left side, are rows of stones. The hillside is also the location of the ancient cemetery of Usha, with burial caves and rock-hewn tombs.
(c) Sabbath marker:
At the edge of the hillside, 500M north-east of Usha, is an incredible marker inscribed on the rock. It is located on the south side of the road, as seen below (on the right side – behind the stones).
The photo below shows the inscription on the rock:
A detailed view of the inscription is seen below. The letters are in Greek, which was the common language used about 2,000 years ago after the country was controlled by the Seleucid Kingdom and during the Roman rule. The letters include two lines: "CAB" " GOYMCBA". The first part of the inscription is explained below, but the second section is not known, and according to some scholars it may be the name of the Shabbat zone.
A detail of the inscription is seen below. The letters "CAB" seen below are considered as the prefix of the word CABAT – Shabbat.
Another detail of the rock's inscription – on the east side of the rock. It looks like double letters "X". Maybe 20KM to Sepphoris or Acre?
The location of the marker is illustrated on the aerial map. It is about 1km from Shefaram, and 0.5km from Usha. According to Jewish customs, work is not allowed during Sabbath or Holidays, including traveling outside of the place of residence, but allowed within 2000 cubits (about 1km) from the edge of the village. This distance applies to Usha and Shefaram, where both Sabbath walkers could meet. The Talmud wrote about the Sabbath barrier between Usha and Shefaram: "What did R. Judah b. Baba do? He went and sat between two great mountains, between two large cities; between the Sabbath boundaries of the cities of Usha and Shefaram".
An alternative explanation for the stone is a special exempt from the Sabbath city limit of only 2000 cubits, which allows an extension of another 2000 cubits beyond the city limit. It is named Eruv Techumim – Hebrew for "mixed borders". This exemption applies in cases two villages are within 4000 cubits, such as this case, allowing walking between them after the Sabbath starts in Friday evening. The Talmud permitted two options for this exemption – (a) physically standing at the Sabbath boundary just before sundown when the Sabbath starts, then walking the extra distance, or (b) by placing food before sundown on a spot at the Sabbath boundary.
In July 2011 another Roman period Sabbath marker was found near Timrat, written in 3 Hebrew letters. The discovery and identification was performed by BibleWalks staff, and was published in our blog a week before the news spread across the Globe. (Read about this…)
Talmud References (Sanhendrin 14):
A section from Babylonian Talmud (Sanhendrin 14) tells the story of Rabbi Judah Ben Baba which relates to this site. This Rabbi defied the orders of the Romans to avoid ordinating (=giving a degree of a Rabbi) to others. These orders followed the second revolt against the Romans (131-135 AD: Bar-Kochva), and his act resulted in his death by the Romans, but helped to continue the Jewish leadership during these tragic days.
"… because once the wicked Government, decreed that whoever performed an ordination should be put to death, and whoever received ordination should he put to death, the city in which the ordination took place demolished, and the boundaries wherein it had been performed, uprooted. What did R. Judah b. Baba do? He went and sat between two great mountains, between two large cities; between the Sabbath boundaries of the cities of Usha and Shefaram and there ordained five elders: R. Meir, R. Judah, R. Simeon, R. Jose and R. Eliezer b. Shamua'. R. Awia adds also R. Nehemia in the list. As soon as their enemies discovered them he urged them: 'My children, flee.' They said to him, 'What will become of thee, Rabbi?' 'I lie before them like a stone which none overturn, he replied. It was said that the enemy did not stir from the spot until they had driven three hundred iron spear-heads into his body, making it like a sieve".
The site is in the vicinity of the site of the Sabbath rock – between Usha and Shefaram. The tomb of Rabbi Judah Ben Baba, seen below, is located in a cave 700M north-east. Also interesting to know that the modern junction north of the site is called "Somech" (ordinator), called after the Rabbi's heroic acts.
This is the interior of the tomb of Judah Ben Baba. Its size is 5m x 5.5m, 1.8m high. On the right are 4 burial niches. The burial cave may have been cut in the Roman period.
On the old Mandatorian maps the site was named Mugharat Bint Ya'aqub – the cave of Jacob's daughter (why?).
Historical References:
Josephus Flavius (Wars of the Jews, book III chapter 6 par. 2):
Josephus, the Galilee commander who fought the Romans, then served them as a historian, provides a fascinating description of the heavily armed Roman army, which justified rebuilding the old dusty roads of the Holy land.
"But as Vespasian had a great mind to fall upon Galilee, he marched out of Ptolemais, having put his army into that order wherein the Romans used to march. He ordered those auxiliaries which were lightly armed, and the archers, to march first, that they might prevent any sudden insults from the enemy, and might search out the woods that looked suspiciously, and were capable of ambuscades. Next to these followed that part of the Romans which was completely armed, both footmen ,and horsemen. Next to these followed ten out of every hundred, carrying along with them their arms, and what was necessary to measure out a camp withal; and after them, such as were to make the road even and straight, and if it were any where rough and hard to be passed over, to plane it, and to cut down the woods that hindered their march, that the army might not be in distress, or tired with their march. Behind these he set such carriages of the army as belonged both to himself and to the other commanders, with a considerable number of their horsemen for their security. After these he marched himself, having with him a select body of footmen, and horsemen, and pikemen. After these came the peculiar cavalry of his own legion, for there were a hundred and twenty horsemen that peculiarly belonged to every legion. Next to these came the mules that carried the engines for sieges, and the other warlike machines of that nature. After these came the commanders of the cohorts and tribunes, having about them soldiers chosen out of the rest. Then came the ensigns encompassing the eagle, which is at the head of every Roman legion, the king, and the strongest of all birds, which seems to them a signal of dominion, and an omen that they shall conquer all against whom they march; these sacred ensigns are followed by the trumpeters. Then came the main army in their squadrons and battalions, with six men in depth, which were followed at last by a centurion, who, according to custom, observed the rest. As for the servants of every legion, they all followed the footmen, and led the baggage of the soldiers, which was borne by the mules and other beasts of burden. But behind all the legions carne the whole multitude of the mercenaries; and those that brought up the rear came last of all for the security of the whole army, being both footmen, and those in their armor also, with a great number of horsemen".
Arch. Survey of Israel – Shefr'am Map (24) – Y. Olami & Z. Gal [1982] , site #77: Cemetery of Talmudic-period Usha, and Roman road.
Roman roads in BibleWalks
Usha – nearby Roman/Byzantine village
Other Sabbath Markers:
Sabbath boundary marker found near Timrat; first identified by BibleWalks
Gezer boundary inscriptions
Usha<<<–previous site—<<<All Sites>>>—Next West Galilee site—> Tell Zavat
This page was last updated on July 31, 2011