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Common Ground Archive
Visiting Heritage Collections
Introduction to Archives
Searching our Catalogues
Handling Materials
Introduction to Copyright & IPR
Syon Abbey Collection
University Archive
Black History Resources
Disability History Resources
LGBTQ+ Research Resources
Medieval and Early Modern
South West Writers
Victorian and Edwardian Culture
Penryn Campus Archives & Special Collections
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Common Ground Archive Blog
Has the Common Ground archive been catalogued?
Yes! Between 2018 and 2020, a project took place at the University of Exeter Special Collections to catalogue and make this archive more accessible. The majority of the archive has been catalogued at file level and is descriptions of the material is available to search and browse on our online archives catalogue.
How can I search the Common Ground archive catalogue online?
If you're new to using archive catalogues, we would recommend first taking a look at our LibGuide on Searching for Archives and Rare Books on our catalogues, which provides lots of useful tips to guide you through the process.
The Common Ground archive can be searched via our online archives catalogue. To get a good overview of the different material you can find in the archive, click on each individual section, series and file in the tree and read the descriptions. If you're looking for something specific, such as a report on the Confluence project, go to the Advanced Search page, type the reference number for the relevant sub-section e.g. EUL MS 416/PRO/13* (remember to add a * at the end) in the 'Ref No' field and type report into the 'Any text' field.
Our top tip for searching the Common Ground archive is to also try searching for a project or item across the whole archive. Many of Common Ground's projects overlapped chronologically and thematically, so you will often find material relating to a particular project across several different sub-sections. You can search the entire archive by going to the Advanced Search page, typing the collection reference number - EUL MS 416* (don't forget to add a * at the end) - into the 'Ref no' field and a particular project - e.g. Parish Maps - into the 'Any text' field. This may result in a large number of results, but this will give you the best possible overview of all material relating to that particular project.
Where can I find images from the archive?
A small selection of images of Common Ground archive material have been made available through our Project Blog and our Twitter page.
You can also find images from lots of Common Ground's projects on the Common Ground website.
A selection of photographic slide transparenices in the archive were digitised in 2014. Please contact Special Collections for a full list of images. Please note that these images are subject to copyright restrictions and permission must be sought from the copyright holder before any images can be supplied.
Are there any plans to digitise the archive?
We are currently working with the Digital Humanities Lab at the University of Exeter to digitise audio cassette tapes and floppy disks in order to make these accessible for research in our reading room. However, at the present time we have no further plans to digitise the archive.
Introduction to the Common Ground archive
Common Ground is an arts and environmental charity, which was founded in 1982 with a mission to link nature with culture and use celebration of the everyday as a starting point for local action. The charity has raised awareness of a variety of environmental issues through its innovative projects, which have involved public participation; the commissioning of new artistic works; the organisation of exhibitions, events and conferences; the launching of new calendar customs; and the publication of books, pamphlets, newsletters, leaflets and postcards. Many of the projects - in particular, 'Parish Maps', the 'Campaign for Local Distinctiveness' and 'Apple Day' - have proven to be highly sustainable, continuing long after Common Ground's active involvement in them ceased.
The Common Ground archive comprises a wide range of material created and collected by the charity in the course of its activities between 1982 and 2013, including project planning papers, correspondence, reports, financial papers, research material, press clippings, photographs, promotional material, and publications. The main section of the Common Ground relates to the charity's project work. This section is divided into 15 sub-sections, with each sub-section relating to a different project organised by the charity. This reflects the archive's original order and the way these records were used by the charity. The archive also includes sections relating to Common Ground's financial records and a library of publications and reference material.
Between 2018 and 2020, a cataloguing project was undertaken at the University of Exeter Special Collections to make this archive more accessible to the public and open it up to new research. The archive has rich potential for interdisciplinary research in a wide range of areas, including environmental studies, geography, literature, visual arts, cultural studies, sociology and business studies.
Welcome to this LibGuide!
We hope this LibGuide will help you to navigate the Common Ground archive catalogue, answer some of your questions, and provide you with tips on where to look for more information. In this guide you will find:
- Information about the Common Ground archive catalogue
The main part of this guide provides information about the largest section of the Common Ground archive: material relating to the charity's project work (EUL MS 416/PRO). On the catalogue, this section is divided into 16 sub-sections, with each sub-section relating to a different project organised by Common Ground.
Below you will find tabbed boxes. Each tabbed box concerns a different sub-section. You will find the name of the project and the reference number for the sub-section in the title of each box. Click the different tabs to read descriptions of each project, a summary of archive material relating to each project, and information about how to access the material.
- Information on accessing and using the Common Ground archive
Below you will also find guidance on access and copyright. On the left hand side you will find answers to frequently asked questions about the archive.
- The latest updates about the Common Ground archive
On the left hand side you will find links to our Common Ground Archive Project Blog and posts about the archive on Twitter. These include updates on the cataloguing project, information about the archive, and images of archive material.
If you have any questions not answered in this LibGuide, require more information about the archive, or would like to make an appointment to consult material in the archive, you are very welcome to email the Special Collections team at libspc@exeter.ac.uk.
Guidance on Access
Everyone is welcome to access the Common Ground archive.
Advice and guidance on how to access to the Common Ground archive can be provided by our Special Collections team. If you would like to consult items from the archive, please contact us at libspc@exeter.ac.uk at least 24 hours in advance of your visit.
As the archive comprises records created and collected between 1982 and 2013, many files in the Common Ground archive contain personal data (information that relates to an identified or identifiable living individual) such as addresses and telephone numbers. Access to these files may be closed or restricted. In most cases, access can be provided on condition that a 'Reader Undertaking concerning Access to Archive Collections that would otherwise be Closed (Data Protection)' form is signed and abided by.
Guidance on Copyright
We would like the Common Ground archive to be as accessible as possible to everyone, but at the same time we have to respect the rights of the record creators. Many of the records in the Common Ground archive are held under the copyright of the charity Common Ground. However, the archive also contains works (including letters, artwork, copies of artwork, photographs) created by other individuals, groups, communities and institutions, who hold the copyright to these records. This includes any images of Parish Maps in the archive.
Archival copying is done on a case-by-case basis in consultation with senior Special Collections staff and is dependent on copyright restrictions, the condition/nature of the item concerned, and the size of the order. If you wish to take photographs of any material in the Common Ground archive with a digital camera during your visit to the reading room, please contact the Special Collections team for guidance before your visit by emailing us at libspc@exeter.ac.uk. If permission is granted, all images are for private research only. Please note that to make copies of literary and artistic works - including images of Parish Maps - you will require prior permission from the copyright holder.
Should you wish to reproduce, quote or publish quotations or images of any material in the Common Ground archive, written consent for publication must first be obtained from the copyright holder and Special Collections.
Second Nature (EUL MS 416/PRO/1)
Description of the project
Summary of archive material
How to access this material
The main output of the Second Nature project was a book entitled 'Second Nature', comprising a collection of essays and artwork by 42 writers and artists who were invited by Common Ground to 'express their feelings about Britain's dwindling wild life and countryside' ('Second Nature', 1984). Richard Mabey commissioned the essays for the book, whilst Angela King and Sue Clifford commissioned the artwork. The book was edited by Richard Mabey with Susan (Sue) Clifford and Angela King, and published by Jonathan Cape in 1984. Three public seminars were held at the Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA) in 1984 to discuss themes explored in 'Second Nature: 'Created Nature' (25 October); 'Who Owns Nature? Possession and Dispossession' (1 November); and 'Beyond the Golden Age' (8 November). The artwork featured in the book was exhibited, with the help of the Arts Council, at the Newlyn Orion Gallery in Penzance between 27 October and 20 November 1984, and subsequently travelled to other venues. A second exhibition of the artwork for 'Second Nature' took place at the London Ecology Centre between 11 July and 22 August 1985.
Material in this sub-section of the archive includes:
- correspondence with artists and writers;
- papers relating to the production of the book, including agreements and drafts;
- papers relating to the seminars held at the ICA;
- papers relating to the exhibition of artists' work;
- and several files of papers relating to Common Ground's collaboration with artist Andy Goldsworthy, in particular: his residency on Hampstead Heath (1985-1986) and exhibitions of his work.
This sub-section of the archive has been catalogued and you can find descriptions of individual files on our online archives catalogue.
Material in the Common Ground archive is available for consultation in our reading room by advance appointment (we ask for at least 24 hours' notice). You can contact the Special Collections team for more information and to make an appointment at libspc@exeter.ac.uk. More information about visiting us can be found on our webpages.
Check out our blog post about archive material relating to the Second Nature project!
Holding Your Ground (EUL MS 416/PRO/2)
The major output of the 'Holding Your Ground' project was a book entitled 'Holding Your Ground: an action guide to local conservation', which was co-authored by Angela King and Susan 'Sue' Clifford for Common Ground. It was first published by Maurice Temple Smith in 1985, and republished in 1987 by Wildwood House. The book included a foreword by David Bellamy, artwork by Tony Foster and Robin Tanner, and photography by Chris Baines, Ian Anderson, Ron Frampton, Sue Clifford and Angela King.
- drafts and proofs of 'Holding Your Ground';
- hardback and paperback editions of the book;
- book reviews;
- correspondence;
- and research material, including press clippings, correspondence and publications relating to local conservation.
Check out our blog post about archive material relating to the Holding Your Ground project!
New Milestones (EUL MS 416/PRO/3)
The New Milestones project was launched by Common Ground in 1986 to explore 'what places mean to the people who live in them, and...how to express that meaning in an imaginative and accessible way through sculpture' ('New Milestones: Sculpture, Community and the Land', 1988, p. 15). The aim of the project was to support local communities in commissioning a sculpture to celebrate and draw attention to an aspect of their local landscape, such as its history, topography, geology, natural history or people. The project involved close collaboration between Common Ground, local communities and craftspeople to create permanent works of art with significance for present and future inhabitants.
The pilot phase of the project took place in Dorset between 1985 and 1988, with Joanna Morland as the project officer based in Dorchester from 1986 onwards. The five sculptures commissioned in Dorset were: 'Turning Point' at Godmanstone by Christine Angus, 'Entrance' by Andy Goldsworthy at Hooke Park, 'Chiswell Earthworks' by John Maine on Portland, 'Wayside Carvings' by Peter Randall-Page near Lulworth Cove, and 'Grains of Wheat' on the Weld Estate by Simon Thomas. Later, the project was extended to Yorkshire, where it was managed by Steve Chettle of Cleveland Arts. Three commissions followed: for eight sculptures by Alain Ayers in Hilton; for 'Masham Leaves' by Alain Ayers in Masham; and for three cliff top sculptures by Richard Farrington at Huntcliff, which included the 'Circle'. The last sculpture commissioned as part of the New Milestones project was 'Riverside Sculptures' by Michael Fairfax in Waterrow, Somerset.
A conference (23 July 1988) and exhibition were held at the Dorset County Museum in Dorchester between 16 July and 3 September 1988. The exhibition brought together photographs of all the sculptures commissioned and set in the Dorset landscapes. A book by Joanna Morland with an introduction by Sue Clifford and Angela King, entitled 'New Milestones: Sculpture, Community and the Land', was published in 1988.
- material relating to the administration of the New Milestones project, including project planning papers, correspondence, meeting minutes, reports, papers relating to funding of the project, artists' statements, legal documents concerning commissions, and papers relating to the 'New Milestones Index' of artists, sculptors and craftspeople.
- printed material relating to promotion and publicity of the project;
- and photographs of historic milestones, examples of sculptors' works, the New Milestones sculptures in progress, and the finished New Milestones sculptures.
Check out our blog post about archive material relating to the New Milestones project!
Trees, Woods and the Green Man (EUL MS 416/PRO/4)
Common Ground started work on the Trees, Woods and the Green Man project in 1986. The aim of the project was to raise awareness of 'the importance of trees by exploring their aesthetic, spiritual and cultural value as well as their ecological importance' (King, A and Clifford, S (eds),'Trees be Company' (1989), p. xi).
Throughout the project, Common Ground commissioned works by sculptors, artists, writers, poets and playwrights to explore themes around trees and woods. In 1989, Common Ground won the Prudential Award for Excellence in the Visual Arts for its work on the Trees, Woods and the Green Man project. Common Ground used the prize of £25,000 to commission further sculptural works, including works by Peter Randall-Page. Common Ground also collaborated with sculptors and artists to produce exhibitions about trees and the arts, including 'The Tree of Life: New Images of an Ancient Symbol' in 1989 and 'Leaves' by Andy Goldsworthy in 1989-1990.
The project also generated new campaigns and initiatives, such as the campaign to let fallen or damaged trees recover after the 'Great Storm' of 1987, and the initiative to develop a new calendar custom called Tree Dressing Day in 1990. Common Ground produced several publications as part of the Trees, Woods and the Green Man project, including 'Trees Be Company: An Anthology of Poetry' (1989 and 2001), 'In a Nutshell: A manifesto for trees and a guide to growing and protecting them' (1990), and a special edition broadsheet newspaper 'Pulp! with contributions from actors, authors, artists and cartoonists (1989)', as well as a range of leaflets and postcards.
- files of assorted material relating to the administration of the Trees, Woods and the Green Man project by Common Ground;
- material relating to the Tree Dressing initiative;
- material relating to Trees, Woods and the Green Man arts initiatives (including artistic commissions, literary commissions, exhibitions, and events), which include papers relating to Common Ground's work with artists such as Andy Goldsworthy and David Nash, amongst others;
- material relating to Trees, Woods and the Green Man publications and promotional material produced by Common Ground, including 'Trees Be Company', 'In a Nutshell', and 'Pulp!;
- press clippings and material relating to publicity of the Trees, Woods and the Green Man project;
- research material, including general research material about trees, reports and publications produced by governmental and environmental bodies, and research material concerning the Great Storm of October 1987;
- and photographic material.
Check out our blog post about archive material relating to Tree Dressing Day!
Check out our blog post about archive material relating to the Trees, Woods and the Green Man project!
Parish Maps project (EUL MS 416/PRO/5)
The idea for the Parish Maps project grew out of Common Ground's book ''Holding Your Ground: an action guide to local conservation'', and work on the new project began soon after its publication in 1985. This project sought to encourage people to look around their local area, identify what is distinctive about it and what they value, and to then chart this on a map of their 'parish'. Common Ground considered parish maps to be 'a starting point for local action, they are demonstrative, subjective statements made by and for a community, exploring and showing what it cares about in its locality' (EUL MS 416/PRO/5/4/8, Common Ground pamphlet 'Parish Maps' (1996), p. 3).
Initially Common Ground selected eighteen well-known artists to create maps of their home parishes for the exhibition 'Knowing Your Place: an exhibition of artists' Parish Maps', which opened in March 1987 and toured to twelve venues across the UK. The artists were: Norman Ackroyd, Conrad Atkinson, Adrian Berg, Helen Chadwick, Hannah Collins, Garry Miller, Stephen Farthing, Tony Foster, Anthony Gormley, Pat Johns, Balraj Khanna, Simon Lewty, Ian Macdonald, David Nash, Roger Palmer, Judith Rugg, Len Tabner, and Stephen Willats. In 1987, Common Ground published two booklets entitled, 'Parish Maps' and 'The Parish Boundary', as well as a video and information pack produced together with ACRE entitled 'The Local Jigsaw'.
The Parish Maps project appeared to quickly capture the public's imagination and inspired the creation of thousands of parish maps by individuals and community groups across the UK, as well as several countries around the world. Common Ground offered advice to parish map makers, and information about new parish maps was sent to and collected by Common Ground. In 1996, the charity selected approximately 30 examples of peoples' parish maps to put on display in a national exhibition entitled 'from place to PLACE: an Exhibition of Peoples' Parish Maps'. It opened at The Barbican Centre in London, before going on tour to venues across the country. The exhibition led to the publication of a collection of essays entitled 'from place to PLACE: maps and Parish Maps' (1996).
- assorted project administration papers relating to the Parish Maps project, including correspondence, publications, and press clippings;
- files relating to the making of peoples' parish maps, including correspondence, press clippings, and copies of parish maps (photocopies, prints, postcards, slides) sent to Common Ground by individuals and groups involved in making parish maps;
- files relating to exhibitions and events, including 'Knowing Your Place: an Exhibition of Artists' Parish Maps', 'from place to PLACE: an Exhibition of Peoples' Parish Maps', touring exhibitions, laminated panels exhibitions, slides packs, and a conference.
- Parish Maps publications and promotional material;
- photographic material;
- and publicity material and press clippings.
Check out our blog post about archive material relating to the Parish Maps project!
Orchards (EUL MS 416/PRO/6)
In 1987, Common Ground began work on the Orchards project, also known as Common Ground's Campaign to Conserve Old Orchards and Plant New Ones. Sue Clifford and Angela King (Co-Directors of Common Ground), first became aware of the sharp decline in orchards within the UK whilst conducting research for the Trees, Woods and the Green Man project. They realised that, in addition to the ecological impact, this decline also signified a loss of associated cultural practices. The Orchards project aimed to promote the ecological and cultural importance of orchards, to campaign for orchards to be conserved and planted, and to revive interest in local fruit varieties.
Common Ground's Orchards project involved a number of different campaigns, initiatives, events, and publications. The two main campaigns were 'Save our Orchards' (launched in 1988) and 'Community Orchards' (launched in 1992). The 'Apple Day' initiative was introduced by Common Ground in 1990. A further initiative named 'Orchard Observances began in 1995. In the 1990s and 2000s, Common Ground encouraged schools to plant school orchards to use in environmental education. At the same time, Common Ground was involved in various local orchard initiatives around the country and supported many communities, groups and organisations who were also campaigning for orchards.
As conjunction with the Orchards project, Common Ground commissioned James Ravilious and Simon Canetty-Clarke to photograph orchards in the West Country and Kent in 1989 and 1990. These commissions resulted in two touring exhibitions. In 1999, an 'Orchards and Wild Life' conference was organised by Common Ground and English Nature. Several publications were produced by Common Ground as part of the Orchards project: a book entitled 'Orchards: a guide to local conservation' (1989), 'The Apple Source Book' (1991), an 'Apple Map' (1993), 'Apple Games and Customs' (1994), a one-off newspaper 'The Apple Broadcast', a book entitled 'The Common Ground Book of Orchards' (2000), and a book entitled 'The Community Orchards Handbook' (2008), as well as 'Orchard Advice' information sheets, leaflets and postcards.
Material in this section of the archive includes:
- files of assorted material relating to the administration of the Orchards project by Common Ground, including correspondence, project planning papers, financial papers, reports, meeting minutes, press releases, press clippings, manuscript project notes, and drafts of articles and talks;
- material relating to campaigns, initiatives and events launched and managed by Common Ground as part of the Orchards project, as well as material collected by Common Ground concerning orchard projects and events organised by other organisations and groups;
- files of correspondence from people around the country relating to orchards;
- research material, including 'Orchards Info' files, reports, and files of material relating to different subjects, such as orchards produce, wildlife and culture;
- press clippings and papers relating to publicity;
Flora Britannica (EUL MS 416/PRO/7)
Description of this project
Flora Britannica was a project launched by Richard Mabey with the support of Common Ground, which ran from 1992 to 1996. The project sought to discover the diversity and distribution of plantlife in Britain, as well as to record and explore the historical and contemporary associations and uses of plants, including information about customs, stories, recipes, remedies, and games. It had two aims: to produce a major book concerning the cultural flora of modern Britain, and to start a process of popular interest and activity at the local level, carried out by people all around the country. Invitations for people to send in their personal knowledge of local plants were circulated by national and local television and radio broadcasters, newspapers and magazines, and Common Ground received responses from individuals, organisations and groups all over Britain.
The major output of this project was Richard Mabey's encyclopedia of wild plants of the UK, which was entitled 'Flora Britannica' and published by Sinclair Stevenson in 1996. In addition to scientific botanical information, it recorded vernacular cultural information sent in by over 3,000 people from across the country. In addition, throughout 1994, 1995 and 1996, Common Ground encouraged people to reinforce and renew their affections for everyday plants through initiatives the charity named 'local floras', which included a pilot project in Northamptonshire. Other related publications published in the course of this project include two pamphlets in 1992 and 1995 entitled 'Flora Britannica: The Handbook' and 'Local Flora Britannica', as well as a Flora Britannica newsletter named 'Woodbine'.
- project administration files, including correspondence, project outlines, project proposals, project budgets, funding applications, job descriptions, reports, and notes;
- correspondence from members of the public sharing information on historic and contemporary popular associations and uses of local flora;
- papers relating to the Flora Britannica project and knowledge of local flora share by organisations, councils, schools, media outlets, and members of the public around the UK, including correspondence, press clippings, newsletters, photocopied book extracts, photographs, artwork, and leaflets.
- papers relating to the pilot project in Northamptonshire, which sought to encourage and initiate community-led projects which celebrate commonplace plants and trees;
- papers relating to publications and promotional material;
- and press clippings and publicity material.
Check out our blog post about Flora Britannica archive material!
Apple Day (EUL MS 416/PRO/8)
Apple Day is a calendar custom that was launched by Common Ground in 1990 as a day of 'celebration and demonstration of the variety we are in danger of losing, not simply in apples but richness and diversity in landscape, place and culture too' ('An Introduction to the Deeds and Thoughts of Common Ground', 1990, p. 24). In 1987, Common Ground first became aware of the decline in orchards in Britain through research for the 'Trees Wood and the Green Man' project. As a response, in 1988, Common Ground launched the 'Save Our Orchards' campaign, and in 1990, Angela King proposed the idea of establishing a new calendar custom for the apple to raise further awareness of the loss of variety in our places and encourage people to take positive local action. Common Ground organised the very first Apple Day in the Piazza of Covent Garden on 21 October 1990.
In the 20 years that followed, Common Ground took on an advisory and promotional role, supporting the increasing number of local organisers in co-ordinating their Apple Day events. Apple Day events have been organised across the UK and beyond by individuals, parishes, councils, museums, pubs, restaurants, agricultural colleges, hospitals, wildlife trusts, arts centres, historic houses, schools, tree nurseries, markets, farms, and commercial and community orchards. Common Ground was actively involved in promoting and supporting events until 2010, the year in which the 21st Apple Day was celebrated and it officially had its 'coming of age'. At this point, Common Ground considered Apple Day to have become so firmly entrenched as a custom that it was capable of continuing without extra support from the charity. Apple Day continues to be celebrated in Britain on and around 21 October each year. In the course of the project, Common Ground published several books relating to apples, including: 'The Apple Source Book' (1991) and 'Apple Games and Customs' (1994), as well as an expanded version of 'The Apple Source Book' (2007).
- project administration files, including assorted files of correspondence, project planning papers, financial papers, reports, meeting minutes, press releases, press clippings, notes, and drafts of articles and talks;
- material relating to the planning of the first Apple Day in 1990, including planning papers, meeting minutes, booking forms, lists of stall holders, a plan of the Apple Day stalls in Covent Garden, feedback from stall holders, a report, promotional material, and press clippings;
- material relating to Apple Day events between 1991-2012, including correspondence between Common Ground and Apple Day event organisers, and event information forms and feedback forms completed by the event organisers;
- press clippings;
- promotional material, including posters, leaflets and postcards;
- and photographic material, including 35mm photographic slide transparencies and photographic prints.
Check out our blog post about Apple Day archive material!
The Campaign for Local Distinctiveness (EUL MS 416/PRO/9)
Common Ground coined the idea of Local Distinctiveness to explore the relationship between people and everyday places, and the bonds between nature, identity and place ('Local Distinctiveness: Place, Particularity and Identity', 1993, p. 7). This concept was being developed by Common Ground from as early as 1985, and was a running theme throughout all of the charity's projects. The Campaign for Local Distinctiveness was officially launched on Earth Day, 22 April 1990, with a new leaflet suggesting '15 ways in which we might begin to recognise and reinforce local distinctiveness and resist the march of uniformity'.
In the course of the project, Common Ground researched and collected material relating to different aspects of Local Distinctiveness. In addition, Common Ground corresponded with councils, organisations, and individuals to further promote Local Distinctiveness as a basis for new local initiatives, policies and strategies. In 2002, the sub-project 'ABC: Learning to Read Your Locality' grew out of the campaign, which encouraged people to create alphabet guides to Local Distinctiveness in their localities.
Local Distinctiveness was promoted by Common Ground through several events and publications, including: flyers, leaflets and postcards; posters such as 'May Day May Day Nature's Call for Help' (1988) and 'Rules for Local Distinctiveness' (1992), which appeared as full-page adverts in 'The Independent'; a conference on Local Distinctiveness, which took place on 28 September 1993; and a collection of essays from the conference, which were published as a volume entitled 'Local Distinctiveness: Place, Particularity and Identity' (Common Ground, 1993). In 2002, Sue Clifford and Angela King began work on the book 'England in Particular: A celebration of the commonplace, the local, the vernacular and the distinctive', which was published in 2006.
- general project administration files, including project proposals, planning papers, correspondence, press clippings, articles, interview transcripts, collected examples of Local Distinctiveness, and notes;
- material relating to promotional material and publications produced by Common Ground for the Campaign for Local Distinctiveness project, including pamphlets, leaflets, flyers, postcards, and posters;
- material relating to the ABC: Learning to Read Your Locality project, including project planning papers, promotional material, publicity material, correspondence, and examples of local alphabets that were sent to and collected by Common Ground;
- papers relating to conferences, including the Local Distinctiveness conference;
- papers relating to Common Ground's collaboration with local authorities to encourage the implementation of landscape management and environmental strategies that respects and supports Local Distinctiveness, including reports, consultation papers, strategies, correspondence, notes, promotional material, and questionnaires.
- material relating to several Local Distinctiveness projects relating to geological variation and the creation of sculptural works from rock, including 'Geology and Local Distinctiveness', 'Revealing the Geology', 'People's Geology Map', and projects with the sculptor Peter Randall-Page and photographer Chris Chapman;
- press clippings and publicity material;
- research material relating to Local Distinctiveness, which was collected by Common Ground during the course of the Campaign for Local Distinctiveness project;
- and photographic material relating to the Local Distinctiveness project, including 35mm slide transparencies.
Check out our blog post about archive material relating to the Campaign for Local Distinctiveness!
Gardening, Landscape Design and Local Distinctiveness (EUL MS 416/PRO/10
The Gardening, Landscape Design and Local Distinctiveness project grew out of Common Ground's Campaign for Local Distinctiveness, and ran for approximately five years between 1992 and 1997. The aim was to promote a style of gardening that was sensitive to the distinctive qualities of the given place, for example its soil type, native species, local architecture, and history. In 1995, Common Ground published a pamphlet entitled 'The Art of Gentle Gardening: Thoughts on Linking Plants, People and Places' to share 'ideas on how we can link plants, people and place, reweaving culture and nature to make a difference'.
- reports;
- papers relating to the publication and design of 'The Art of Gentle Gardening: Thoughts on Linking Plants, People and Places' pamphlet, including artwork for the pamphlet by artist Stephen Turner;
- papers relating to talks and conferences;
- press releases, press clippings and papers relating to publicity;
- and notes and research material.
Check out our blog post about archive material relating to the Gardening, Landscape Design and Local Distinctiveness project!
Field Days (EUL MS 416/PRO/11)
The Field Days project was launched in 1995 to highlight the historical, cultural and social importance of fields, to celebrate their contribution to local distinctiveness, and to encourage people to take a more active role in their conservation. A variety of publications were produced by Common Ground as part of the Field Days project, including postcards; leaflets ('1. Conservation, celebration and the meaning of names' (1995) and '2. Owning and Leasing Fields for Community Use' (1996); pamphlets ('A Manifesto for Fields' (1997) and 'Field Days: Ideas for Investigations and Celebration' (1997); and a book entitled 'Field Days: An Anthology of Poetry' (1998).
A major initiative of the project was to highlight and uncover the variety of field names in the UK, and to encourage people to research, restore and celebrate the field names in their local areas. In July 1996, Common Ground was commissioned by the Department of the Environment to produce a laminated panel exhibition on the subject of Field Days for the Royal Agricultural Show, which was subsequently available for hire. In addition, Common Ground launched a Field Days poetry competition in partnership with Blue Nose Poetry, and collaborated with theatre groups, writers, poets, artists, craftspeople, photographers, and local communities to explore different ways of engaging with the diverse stories a field might tell.
- assorted papers relating to the administration of the Field Days project, including correspondence, project outlines and project planning papers; project reports; funding applications; papers relating to Field Days publications produced by Common Ground, including drafts; papers relating to field names; papers relating to field events; and research material press clippings, and notes;
- promotional material and publications produced by Common Ground for the Field Days project, including flyers, postcards, leaflets, press releases, pamphlets and books, as well as papers concerning the content, design and printing of publications;
- papers relating to the Field Days panel exhibition, which was first displayed at the Royal Agricultural Show in 1996 and subsequently went on tour and was available for hire;
- papers relating to the Field Days poetry competition in 1997, which was organised by Common Ground in collaboration with Blue Nose Poetry;
- material relating to arts initiatives concerning fields and the Field Days project, including responses from artists interested in being involved in the Field Days project and wishing to be added to Common Ground's 'of visual and performing artists, craftspeople and photographers who are interested in expressing and celebrating / documenting the cultural significance of the field in the British landscape';
- press clippings and material relating to publicity of the Field Days project, including promotional material, summaries of press coverage, correspondence, and two cassette tape audio recordings of radio interviews;
- research material relating to fields, including field names and scarecrows;
- and 18 slide storage sheets containing 35mm photographic slide transparencies relating to the Field Days project.
Check out our blog post about archive material relating to the Field Days project!
Rhynes, Rivers and Running Brooks (EUL MS 416/PRO/12)
From the mid 1990s to the mid 2000s, Common Ground conducted research and activity relating to rivers for its Rhynes, Rivers and and Running Brooks project. The project aimed to encourage people to value running water in their localities and get involved in its conservation through publications, events, and exhibitions. As part of this programme of work, Common Ground also aspired to launch the project 'Thames Ballad' to help people in London to create an epic poem about the relationship between people and water in the city. However, this project never came to fruition. Much of the research and planning for the 'Thames Ballad' project later fed into the 'Confluence' project.
- assorted files of material relating to the Rhynes, Rivers and Running Brooks project, including correspondence, project planning papers, reports, publications, and press clippings;
- papers relating to 'The Tidal Thames - a ballad for the river / a voice for the people' project planned by Common Ground during the 1990s, but which never came to fruition;
- papers concerning the research for and publication of an anthology of poetry about rivers, published under the titled 'The River's Voice: An Anthology of Poetry' by Green Books in 2000, as well as copies of publications and promotional material produced for the project;
- papers relating to the poetry competition presented by Blue Nose Poets and Common Ground in 1999, which invited poems abut springs, streams and rivers;
- and research material relating to rivers and water.
The sub-section of the archive has been catalogued and you can find descriptions of individual files on our online archives catalogue.
Check out our blog post about the Rhynes, Rivers and Running Brooks project!
Confluence (EUL MS 416/PRO/13)
The Confluence project was born out of the Rhynes, Rivers and and Running Brooks proejct, which Common Ground launched in the mid-1990s. Confluence was a three-year project from 1998 to 2001 to enable, develop and encourage the creation of new music for the River Stour, from the river's source in Wiltshire, through Somerset and Dorset, and into the English Channel at Christchurch. The project was predominantly funded by a grant from the Arts for Everyone (A4E) scheme of the Arts Lottery.
The main focus of the project was the organisation and delivery of a series of participatory music workshops, courses, concerts and events involving people living in the River Stour catchment area. The purpose was to draw people together to share local knowledge, and explore and express their emotional connection to the Stour through music. Helen Porter, the Music Animateur, was active in bringing people together to sing, write and perform, and Karen Wimhurst, the Composer-in-Residence, composed a range of original new works for the project.
This sub-section of the archive comprises a wide range of material relating to the research, planning, funding, administration, promotion, and execution of the project. It includes:
- assorted material relating to the administration of the Confluence project in general;
- material relating to a variety of projects, events and workshops that took place as part of the Confluence project;
- sheet music and lyrics for music composed or performed in the duration of the project;
- papers relating to the financing and funding of the Confluence project, including Common Ground's funding bid to Arts for Everyone (A4E) scheme and 12 project progress reports compiled for A4E;
- research material relating to rivers, water and the River Stour catchment area (Dorset, Somerset and Wiltshire);
- press clippings and material produced by Common Ground to promote Confluence events and the Confluence project, including bookmarks, postcards, flyers, posters, leaflets, concert programmes, newsletters, and press releases;
- prints, negatives and 35mm slide transparencies of photographs taken of Confluence activities and events, as well as places and bodies of water in the Stour catchment (Somerset, Wiltshire and Dorset);
- and 12 CDs of recordings of Confluence musical performances.
Check out our blog post about the Confluence project!
England in Particular (EUL MS 416/PRO/14)
The England in Particular project grew out of Common Ground's Campaign for Local Distinctiveness and was concerned with the creation of an encyclopedia of commonplace and vernacular culture. In 2002, Common Ground received a £80,000 grant from the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) to fund the project. The project was launched with a campaign in 2002 that encouraged people to contact Common Ground with their local knowledge.
To publicise the campaign, Common Ground created the website 'www.england-in-particular.info' with the help of the Countryside Agency. The finished book, entitled 'England in Particular: A celebration of the commonplace, the local, the vernacular and the distinctive', became the largest single publication produced by Common Ground.
- papers relating to the publication process of 'England in Particular: A celebration of the commonplace, the local, the vernacular and the distinctive', including correspondence with artists, publishers, readers, media outlets, and funders; papers relating to the sourcing of illustrations for the book, including artists' briefs, reference material for artists, and illustration proofs; promotional postcards and posters; book proposals and planning documents; papers relating to publicity and sales of the book; papers relating to the England in Particular web pages; and book proofs;
- research material that was collected by Common Ground and referred to by the authors of 'England in Particular' before, during and after the writing of the book, mostly arranged into lever arch files alphabetically by subject;
- and publicity material and press clippings relating to the England in Particular project.
Check out our blog post about archive material relating to the England in Particular project!
Producing the Goods (EUL MS 416/PRO/15)
Common Ground worked on the Producing the Goods project between 2005 and 2007. The aim of the project was to promote and campaign for local and sustainable production and consumption of goods, including food and drink, markets and market produce, and souvenirs.
The main output of the project was the publication of three pamphlets: 'Goods that reflect and sustain locality, nature and culture' (2005), 'Markets and Market Places' (2006), and 'Souvenirs in Particular' (2007). In addition, Common Ground launched a 'Souvenirs in Particular' campaign to encourage the production of locally distinctive and locally manufactured souvenirs.
- papers relating to the publication of three 'Producing the Goods' pamphlets;
- papers relating to Common Ground's campaign for locally distinctive and sustainable souvenirs;
- research material relating to local souvenirs, foods, markets, and sustainable buildings;
- and a collection of local souvenirs and products.
Check out our blog post about archive material relating to the Producing the Goods project!
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Next: Syon Abbey Collection >>
URL: https://libguides.exeter.ac.uk/archives
Tags: archives, English, History, Literature, medieval, primary source, rare books, special collections


text:
The Betrayer
Rebecca E. Neely
(Crossing Realms Series #3)
Published by: Soul Mate Publishing
Publication date: March 13th 2019
Book 3 in the Crossing Realms series ~ Sacrifice or salvation? A chosen psychic few may be both. As Keepers battle Betrayers to save the human race, all's not fair in love and war.
With the Second Rebellion raging in the city, Curtis Geary, the Keepers' tech guru, receives a Compulsion for Jordan, a Betrayer ousted by her brood and left for dead. His orders? Obtain information from her that can save his clan–before it's too late. Plunged into a war zone, cut off from his clan, Curtis quickly discovers this woman is no ordinary Betrayer. Not only does his Vitality energy inexplicably save her life, she may be the missing link in the Keepers' quest to restore Similitude–the Betrayers' manufactured weapon deadly to Keepers.
Despised by her own brood, Jordan's mysterious ability and a wicked set of street smarts have kept her alive–along with the havoc she's been forced to wreak on humans as a means of creating dark energy. Against his better judgement, Curtis is helplessly drawn to this enigma of a woman, who defies the logic of his trusty computers.
Despite a lifetime of mistrust and her soldier's survival instincts, Jordan can't help falling for this at times awkward but genuine man who offers her what she's always yearned for–love and an opportunity for a better life. But in a race against time and a brood master hell-bent on destruction, love and loyalty will come under fire–within the brood and the clan.
Can Jordan find the courage to embrace her future and find love? Or will she betray the clan and herself as the Keepers wage what may be their final battle to save the human race?
The Crossing Realms series are dark paranormal stories, but they also contain themes of family, second chances, and acceptance.
Here's just some of my musical inspiration for THE BETRAYER, Book 3 in the series, coming soon.
'Mama' by Genesis. I can't say enough about the powerful emotions this song elicits for me. It's ominous, evil, dangerous, hypnotic, and underscoring it all is a desperate need, almost a frightening longing for love. The melody, the lyrics, the instruments all mirror the angst my characters are living through. It even speaks to the villain and his failed relationships. "It's the heat and the steam of the city"—this lyric captures the setting of the books: the grit and energy of the city, along with its desolate, forgotten parts. And the desolate and forgotten people and beings inhabiting them. This song's eerie, electric beat, cagey percussion and Phil Collins' maniacal laughter drive it all home.
YouTube link: https://youtu.be/7lXH0nwirio
Randy Newman's 'Feels Like Home', sung by Bonnie Raitt. Sheer simplicity, aching tenderness and raw vulnerability—in the lyrics, the piano and Bonnie's voice—strip my soul bare, every time I hear this one. I was already married to this song when I first heard a rendition of it in the movie Michael. And I was already a huge fan of Randy Newman and later discovered his musical Faust, for which this song was written. My heroine, Jordan, is the epitome of 'Feels Like Home': "If you knew how lonely my life had been..." "If you knew how I wanted someone to come along and change my world the way you done..." Bluesy, fragile, with just a hint of grit, Bonnie and her voice convince you she's lived these lyrics.
YouTube link: https://youtu.be/imECa3rx8fQ
Are you a book reviewer?
Request review copies of this series here!
Rebecca is a writer, storyteller, author and blogger. A sucker for a happy ending, Rebecca strives to write the kind of stories she loves to read—gritty, suspenseful and featuring authentic, edgy and vulnerable characters, smack dab in the middle of action that explodes from page one.
Careers, past and present, include freelance writing, accounting, mother, problem solver, doer and head bottle washer.
Rebecca is a member of Three Rivers Romance Writers (TRRW), a PAN member of Romance Writers of America (RWA), and is proud to serve as a judge for several writing contests each year. Connect with her at www.rebeccaneely.com
Website / Blog / Mailing List / Goodreads / Facebook / Twitter / Bookbub / Amazon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Cat Tries To Wake Up Human In The Funniest Way Ever… But It Doesn't Work To Well, LOL!!
This funny cat wants to start his day, but first he must wake up the human to give him food, but it is proving to be more difficult than he thought… LOL!
First kitty meows for his human to wake up, but then he resorts to hilarious measures to get the job done! He uses the one thing he knows how to do best and tries to lick his humans hair awake!
Watch What Happens When This Rescue Kitten Meets His New Best Friend For The First Time!


text:
All posts tagged mine
Government respond to Little's Pike River pledge
Yesterday Opposition leader Andrew Little said he would table a bill in Parliament removing liability from the directors of Solid Energy so that the Pike River Mine can be re-entered.
He said the government claimed the mine could not be re-entered because of the liability risk, so on the first day of the new parliamentary year he would seek leave to table his bill.
That would exonerate Solid Energy's directors from being held liable for any harm to people taking part in the mine re-entry, he said.
Mr Little said the victims' families were promised everything that could be done to recover their loved ones' bodies would be done, and the government needed to follow through on that.
– Little bill to enable Pike River re-entry
Environment Minister Dr Nick Smith responded today.
RNZ: Govt: Labour's Pike River plan 'hypocritical'
The Labour Party's attitude to re-entering the Pike River Mine is hypocritical and unsafe, according to the government.
Environment Minister Dr Nick Smith accused Mr Little of a dangerous and contradictory position.
"It would be extraordinary to make an exemption from the Health and Safety at Work Act at the very place where 29 workers lost their lives from inadequate standards that triggered the new law," Mr Smith said.
"This is a bid by Mr Little to outplay [New Zealand First leader] Winston Peters politically rather than taking a principled stand about the importance of a consistent approach to workplace safety."
Dr Smith said his advice showed the mine had 100,000 cubic metres of methane and was likely to have a residual source of heat as well.
This would be capable of triggering an explosion if there was a source of oxygen.
The minister added there was a risk of rock falls from unstable strata fractured by the 2010 explosions.
"There is a significant difference between someone saying re-entry might be possible compared with company directors taking legal responsibility," Dr Smith said.
There's been a lot of other criticism of Little's move. He lobbied for stronger safety provisions in the current law, and now wants to put them aside to allow re-entry into an unsafe environment.
Some of the Pike River families have tried to escalate mine re-entry into an election issue, but it's early in the year and it will be difficult to sustain the party posturing.
by Pete George on 19th January 2017 • Permalink
Posted in General, Politics
Tagged Andrew Littler, Environment Minister, mine, Nick Smith, Pike River, re-entry
Posted by Pete George on 19th January 2017
https://yournz.org/2017/01/19/government-respond-to-littles-pike-river-pledge/
Little bill to enable Pike River re-entry
After visiting the Pike River picket line today Andrew Little said he would table a bill in Parliament that would remove an obstacle to re-entry into the Pike River mine.
RNZ: Labour would remove liability for Pike River re-entry
Labour leader Andrew Little plans to table a bill in Parliament removing liability from the directors of Solid Energy so that the Pike River Mine can be re-entered.
This doesn't guarantee re-entry, it would just remove one obstacle.
Little had earlier said that he supported an independent investigation to see if mine re-entry was safe enough to attempt.
He said that if the Government did not allow his bill to proceed he would add it to the Members' ballot.
NZH: Labour leader Andrew Little proposes health and safety exemption for Solid Energy
During a visit to Greymouth today, Little said he had a solution.
"We can actually deal with that threat of liability for the [Solid Energy] directors by legislating to prevent that happening in this particular case.
"What I pledged to the families is that on the first day of Parliament I will seek leave to table a bill that does just that."
He added: "It removes any risk of liability for the directors of Solid Energy in relation to any attempt at re-entry for the purpose of recovering remains or any bodies in the drift leading to the mine.
"And I'm working on that bill now, I'll have that ready to go on the 6th of February."
He won't be tabling the bill on February 6, that's a Monday and also a public holiday (Waitangi Day).
Speaking in Parliament last year, English said Pike River was the "most dangerous workplace in New Zealand", and approving a re-entry would go against the very health and safety laws passed by Parliament in response to the disaster.
English said Little himself had lobbied for the safety changes.
"The member should understand the legislation which he advocated for, which brings together judgement about safety and legal responsibility for anyone in that workplace," he said.
"So whatever any independent expert says, someone who is responsible for anyone who might go into that mine are legally responsibly for their lives."
So Little is proposing an exception to the safety laws he lobbied for.
Tagged Andrew Little, Bill, Labour, mine, Pike River, re-entry, Solid Energy
https://yournz.org/2017/01/18/little-bill-to-enable-pike-river-re-entry/
Pike River families versus Government
Six years after the Pike River mine disaster families of the dead miners have blockaded the road to the mine to prevent the mine being sealed. They want an attempt made to recover the bodies.
Regarding body recovery, even if the mine can be accessed and bodies located it would be extremely difficult to remove the remains, given the time since the explosions and given multiple explosions in the mine.
It's not just safety in entering the mine, it is the logistics of getting the remains out that must be in doubt.
And Bernie Monk is demanding a meeting with Bill English tomorrow. English will be sworn in as Prime Minister today.
Obviously the issue of body recovery is still important to Monk and some of the families.
But the job of setting up a new Prime Minister's office, setting up a new Cabinet and running the country must be of greater importance to the country.
I really think it's time for Monk and the families to let go and find a different way to continue their grieving.
by Pete George on 12th December 2016 • Permalink
Tagged Bill English, body recovery, mine, Pike River
Posted by Pete George on 12th December 2016
https://yournz.org/2016/12/12/pike-river-families-versus-government/


Our Guardian plastic chess set is distinguished by its unique robot looking knight - players of all ages love it! The other pieces are traditional Staunton and heavily weighted with an extra wide base for exceptional stability on the chess board. The plastic has a matte finish that eliminates the reflection you get from pieces made from glossy plastic. All of these features put together make a terrific tournament set and with a different look from the rest.
A delight in both design and performance.
I truly enjoy this set for it's craftsmanship and design of the Knight although I'd wish that it were a bit "beefier" in stature like the knights from the Zukert set. Having said that I'm quite pleased with this edition of Staunton design, modern, great weight and feel to the pieces especially the Queen to whereas I'm not concerned of injuring myself handling the points of her coronations because they are rounded off. Great for blitz type chess games. I will probably purchase a second set of these in ivory white, that's how much I like them! Thank you Chess Store you have a winner here with this set. Best Regards...Jorge from NYC.


text:
A Quick Catch Up With Michael Ganley, Director Of The SAFC Museum
We first spoke to Michael in 2014, when the SAFC Museum was in it's infancy. With the museum now taking residency in the City Library, we caught up with Michael to get an update on the project.
By RoryFallow@RoryFallow Mar 31, 2016, 1:38pm BST
Share All sharing options for: A Quick Catch Up With Michael Ganley, Director Of The SAFC Museum
Mark Thompson/Getty Images
First of all, the museum has a new home in the City Library! How did that come about?
We had an meeting with the Sunderland City Library out of pure coincidence, and from that we then had a meeting with the head of Culture in The City Council five days later.
To say it happened quick is an understatement. I was then offered to utilise the ground floor in the main City Library, located in Fawcett street, for six months - something I couldn't say no to.
In a feature we ran on the museum back in 2014 you spoke of how your main goal was to find a more permanent home for it. Now that has been achieved, what's next for the SAFC museum?
The venue we are utilising is not our final resting bed - we are still going to be doing road shows, to schools, colleges, care homes and hospitals.
We have been asked to look at a couple of iconic buildings in Sunderland to see if we would like to utilise those, so watch this space.
A couple of years ago you told us that your favourite piece of memorabilia in your collection is the spare shirt from the 1973 Cup Final, which is signed by Bob Stokoe. What are your favourite additions over the last two years?
Well the list is endless now! Being able to display the boardroom table & chairs from Roker Park is fantastic - getting fans young and old to sit there to think of who could have sat in those seats, signing the contracts, even back to the World Cup of 1966. Its all memories, but obviously having Fabio Borini's Capital One Cup Final strip and match ball is something everyone can now relate too.
You also mentioned that the likes of Jimmy Montgomery, Gary Bennett and a few other ex-players had been very helpful during the museum's early days. Have you had more ex-players getting involved as the museum's reputation has grown?
Yes - I've supported the Former Players Association for twelve years now and they are all on board. They understand how much I'm doing in the community, visiting care homes and schools, and bare in mind I've not had any funding for two years. Now we are a registered CIC though, we will be looking for more staff and someone to help with funding.
How involved with the club is the SAFC Museum these days?
We support the club by doing the fanzone free of charge - we open up four hours before a match and close two hours after, and we also help the program with items for the museum vaults.
No other program in the premier league can offer this, so hopefully the club will win an award, but obviously we continue to push the positives. We are strict on social media with what we post - all we do is create a positive buzz around the city and not to forget, there isn't another museum of its kind in the world that supports there club without any financial support.
As a fan, what are your thoughts on the season so far? Any pieces of memorabilia from this campaign that you'd like to get your hands on?
As a fan of thirty-six years, what can I say, This is Sunderland. I do know we won't go down - our fight is back in the bellies, and me and every other fan deserves stability.
I'd love a white match worn shirt from Palace last season. From this campaign, I'd quite like a shirt from our FA Cup game v Arsenal.
Finally, any specific items you're on the look out for which someone out there may be able to help find?
We are always looking to buy anything match worn, or from Roker Park, all players medals, players contracts, International shirts and caps, old footballs and old boots. If they have a story we want to spread it to all our fans.
Follow @RokerReport Follow @SBNationSoccer
Eboue Suspended By FIFA & Has Contract Terminated
Make Your Case: Is Sam Right To Keep Using Dame N'Doye?
My First Game: #15 - West Ham Utd, May 1980
Roker Ramble: Inconsistent Baggies There For The Taking, Which Worries Me
Roker Report Player Of The Month - March 2016 - Jan Kirchhoff


text:
Q: Direct Geodesic with Point 2 Azimuth I am trying to find a way to calculate the direct problem on the WGS-84 ellipsoid but instead of using the initial Azimuth (e.g. lat1, lon1, distance, fwd azi), I want to compute it with the reverse Azimuth (e.g. lat1, lon1, distance, point2-reverse-azimuth).
Are there any tools/libraries out there to do that?
My purpose is to find the tangential latitudes and longitudes to a circle of radius X from any given point -- to calculate an accurate lat/long bounding box that contains all points within X distance.

A: You are trying to solve the ellipsoidal triangle where
φ1, α2, s12
are given.  (See Figure 1 of the Wikipedia article, Geodesics on an
ellipsoid, for the notation.)  In your case, we have
α2 = ±½π because of the requirement of
tangency.  This is Problem 7 in §10 of my paper
Geodesics on an ellipsoid of revolution (Feb. 2011)
The solution entails assuming a value of α1 (perhaps by
solving an equivalent spherical problem), solving the ellipsoidal
triangle given
φ1, α1, α2
(Problem 2), determining the resulting s12, and correcting
α1 using Newton's method.  The derivative needed for
Newton's method, ds12/dα1 is given by
Eq. (79).  Problem 2 is trivial to solve: convert to the auxiliary
sphere (β1, α1, α2),
determine σ12 using some subset of Eqs. (9) thru (18),
and find s12 by using the routine Geodesic::ArcDirect in my
library GeographicLib.  (Here β is the parametric latitude and
σ is the arc distance on the auxiliary sphere.)
Assuming that your initial guess is sufficiently good, this will
converge to the desired solution quadratically (the number of correct
digits in α1 will double on each iteration).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In order to make things easier for me, I've decided to close the Discussion Forum and replace it with Q&A blog articles.
The outcome is essentially the same except the questions are started via e-mail instead of making a forum post. Everyone can still carry on discussion the same way.
The forum can still be browsed by a link in the Navigation menu and I will slowly move the articles into the blog.
If you have a question that you would have posted in the forum, send it to me in an e-mail instead. Please insure that the e-mail includes any links, images or documents that are important.
If you are asking about a traffic ticket, I'll need the section numbers and description of the offence shown on the ticket.
I will construct a blog post for it and send you the URL for the post.
If you are asking about liability (damages) for a collision, I cannot help. My experience is in criminal law, not civil law. The best place to start for that is with Lawyer Referral.
I would also appreciate it if you would use search before you send the question, just to avoid me having to tell you that what you are seeking is already on the site.
You do need a user account to add a comment to the blog article yourself.
If you don't have a user account and would like one, let me know and I'll set one up for you.
If you don't want a user account, send me your comment, tell me which Q&A it belongs to and I will add it for you.


text:
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		@ unlink($INDEX_DIRECTORY.$GEDFILENAME);
	}
	// NOTE: Cleanup everything no longer needed
	if (isset($bakfile) && file_exists($bakfile)) unlink($bakfile);
	$verify = "";
	unset($GEDFILENAME);
	$startimport = "";
	$import = false;
	$cleanup_needed = false;
	$noupload = true;
	header("Location: editgedcoms.php");
}

if ($cleanup_needed == "cleanup_needed" && $continue == $pgv_lang["del_proceed"]) {
	require_once PGV_ROOT.'includes/functions/functions_tools.php';

	$filechanged = false;
	if (file_is_writeable(get_gedcom_setting(get_id_from_gedcom($GEDFILENAME), 'path')) && (file_exists(get_gedcom_setting(get_id_from_gedcom($GEDFILENAME), 'path')))) {
		$l_BOMcleanup = false;
		$l_headcleanup = false;
		$l_macfilecleanup = false;
		$l_lineendingscleanup = false;
		$l_placecleanup = false;
		$l_datecleanup = false;
		$l_isansi = false;
		$fp = fopen(get_gedcom_setting(get_id_from_gedcom($GEDFILENAME), 'path'), "rb");
		$fw = fopen($INDEX_DIRECTORY."/".$GEDFILENAME.".bak", "wb");
		//-- read the gedcom and test it in 8KB chunks
		while (!feof($fp)) {
			$fcontents = fread($fp, 1024 * 8);
			$lineend = "\n";
			if (need_macfile_cleanup()) {
				$l_macfilecleanup = true;
				$lineend = "\r";
			}

			//-- read ahead until the next line break
			$byte = "";
			while ((!feof($fp)) && ($byte != $lineend)) {
				$byte = fread($fp, 1);
				$fcontents .= $byte;
			}

			if (!$l_BOMcleanup && need_BOM_cleanup()) {
				BOM_cleanup();
				$l_BOMcleanup = true;
			}

			if (!$l_headcleanup && need_head_cleanup()) {
				head_cleanup();
				$l_headcleanup = true;
			}

			if ($l_macfilecleanup) {
				macfile_cleanup();
			}

			if (isset ($_POST["cleanup_places"]) && $_POST["cleanup_places"] == "YES") {
				if (($sample = need_place_cleanup()) !== false) {
					$l_placecleanup = true;
					place_cleanup();
				}
			}

			if (line_endings_cleanup()) {
				$filechanged = true;
			}

			if (isset ($_POST["datetype"])) {
				$filechanged = true;
				//month first
				date_cleanup($_POST["datetype"]);
			}
			/**
			if($_POST["xreftype"]!="NA") {
				$filechanged=true;
				xref_change($_POST["xreftype"]);
				}
				**/
			if (isset ($_POST["utf8convert"]) == "YES") {
				$filechanged = true;
				convert_ansi_utf8();
			}
			fwrite($fw, $fcontents);
		}
		fclose($fp);
		fclose($fw);
		copy($INDEX_DIRECTORY."/".$GEDFILENAME.".bak", get_gedcom_setting(get_id_from_gedcom($GEDFILENAME), 'path'));
		$cleanup_needed = false;
		$import = "true";
	} else {
		$error = str_replace("#GEDCOM#", $GEDFILENAME, $pgv_lang["error_header_write"]);
	}
}

// NOTE: Change header depending on action
if ($action == "upload_form") {
	print_header($pgv_lang["upload_gedcom"]);
} elseif ($action == "add_form") {
	print_header($pgv_lang["add_gedcom"]);
} elseif ($action == "add_new_form") {
	print_header($pgv_lang["add_new_gedcom"]);
} else {
	print_header($pgv_lang["ged_import"]);
}

// NOTE: Print form header
echo "<form enctype=\"multipart/form-data\" method=\"post\" name=\"configform\" action=\"uploadgedcom.php\">";

// NOTE: Print table header
echo "\n
";

// NOTE: Add GEDCOM form
if ($action == "add_form") {
	echo "
";
	echo "";
	print_help_link("add_gedcom_help", "qm", "add_gedcom");
	echo " ";
	if ($import_existing) {
		echo $pgv_lang["ged_import"];
	} else {
		echo $pgv_lang["add_gedcom"];
	}
	echo "";
	echo "
";
	echo "
";
	echo "
";
	?>
	<input type="hidden" name="check" value="add" />
	<input type="hidden" name="action" value="<?php echo $action; ?>" />
	<input type="hidden" name="import_existing" value="<?php echo $import_existing; ?>" />

	<?php

	$i = 0;
	if (!empty ($error)) {
		echo "
";
		echo "", $error, "\n";
		echo "
";
	}
	?>

	<?php print_help_link("gedcom_path_help", "qm","gedcom_path");?>
	<?php echo $pgv_lang["gedcom_file"]; ?>
	<input type="text" name="GEDFILENAME" value="<?php if (isset($GEDFILENAME) && strlen($GEDFILENAME) > 4) echo get_gedcom_setting(get_id_from_gedcom($GEDFILENAME), 'path'); ?>"
					size="60" dir ="ltr" tabindex="<?php $i++; echo $i?>"	<?php if ((!$no_upload && isset($GEDFILENAME)) && (empty($error))) echo "disabled "; ?> />

<?php
}
// NOTE: Upload GEDCOM form
elseif ($action == "upload_form") {
	echo "
";
	echo "";
	print_help_link("upload_gedcom_help", "qm", "upload_gedcom");
	echo " ", $pgv_lang["upload_gedcom"], "";
	echo "
";
	echo "
";
	echo "
";
?>
<input type="hidden" name="action" value="<?php echo $action; ?>" />
<input type="hidden" name="check" value="upload" />

<?php

if (!empty ($error)) {
	echo "", $error, "
\n";
	print_text("common_upload_errors");
	echo "
\n";
}
?>

<?php echo $pgv_lang["gedcom_file"];?>

<?php

if (isset($GEDFILENAME)) {
	echo PrintReady($path.$GEDFILENAME);
} elseif (isset($UPFILE)) {
	echo PrintReady($UPFILE["name"]);
} else {
	echo "<input name=\"UPFILE\" type=\"file\" size=\"60\" />";
	if (!$filesize = ini_get('upload_max_filesize')) {
		$filesize = "2M";
	}
	echo " ( ", $pgv_lang["max_upload_size"], " $filesize )";
}
?>

<?php

echo "
";
echo "
";
}
// NOTE: Add new GEDCOM form
elseif ($action == "add_new_form") {
	echo "
";
	echo "";
	print_help_link("add_gedcom_instructions", "qm", "add_new_gedcom");
	echo " ", $pgv_lang["add_new_gedcom"], "";
	echo "
";
	echo "
";
	echo "
";
?>
<input type="hidden" name="action" value="<?php echo $action; ?>" />
<input type="hidden" name="check" value="add_new" />

<?php

if (!empty ($error)) {
	echo "
";
	echo "", $error, "\n";
	echo "
";
}
?>

<?php echo $pgv_lang["gedcom_file"];?>

<input name="GEDFILENAME" type="text" value="<?php if (isset($GEDFILENAME)) echo $path, $GEDFILENAME; ?>" size="60" <?php if (isset($GEDFILENAME) && !$no_upload) echo "disabled"; ?> />

<?php

echo "
";
echo "
";
}

if ($verify == "verify_gedcom") {
	// NOTE: Check if GEDCOM has been imported into DB
	$all_record_counts=count_all_records(get_id_from_gedcom($GEDFILENAME));
	$totalRecords = 0;
	foreach ($all_record_counts as $recordCount) {
		$totalRecords += $recordCount;
	}
	$imported = !empty($totalRecords);
	if ($imported || (!empty($bakfile) && file_exists($bakfile))) {
		// NOTE: If GEDCOM exists show warning
		print "
";
		print "";
		print_help_link("verify_gedcom_help", "qm", "verify_gedcom");
		print " ".$pgv_lang["verify_gedcom"]."";
		print "
";
		print "
";
		print "
";
		print "\n
";
		print "
";
		?>
		<input type="hidden" name="no_upload" value="" />
		<input type="hidden" name="check" value="" />
		<input type="hidden" name="verify" value="validate_form" />
		<input type="hidden" name="GEDFILENAME" value="<?php if (isset($GEDFILENAME)) print $GEDFILENAME; ?>" />
		<input type="hidden" name="bakfile" value="<?php if (isset($bakfile)) print $bakfile; ?>" />
		<input type="hidden" name="path" value="<?php if (isset($path)) print $path; ?>" />

		<?php

		if ($imported) {
			print "".$pgv_lang["dataset_exists"]."

";
			if (!$SYNC_GEDCOM_FILE)
				print "".$pgv_lang["unsync_warning"]."

";
		}
		if ($bakfile != "") print $pgv_lang["verify_upload_instructions"]."
";
		// NOTE: Check for existing changes
		foreach ($pgv_changes as $cid => $changes) {
			if ($changes[0]["gedcom"] == $GEDFILENAME) {
				print_text("changes_present");
				print "

";
				break;
			}
		}
		print "
".$pgv_lang["empty_dataset"]."	\n";
		print "<select name=\"override\">";
		print "<option value=\"yes\" ";
		if ($override == "yes")
			print "selected=\"selected\"";
		print ">".$pgv_lang["yes"]."</option>";
		print "<option value=\"no\" ";
		if ($override != "yes")
			print "selected=\"selected\"";
		print ">".$pgv_lang["no"]."</option>";
		print "</select>
";
		//-- check if there are media in the DB already
		if (array_key_exists('OBJE', $all_record_counts)) {
			?>

			<?php print_help_link("keep_media_help", "qm", "keep_media"); print $pgv_lang["keep_media"];?>

			<select name="keepmedia">
			<option value="yes" <?php if ($keepmedia) print "selected=\"selected\"";?>><?php print $pgv_lang["yes"]; ?></option>
			<option value="no" <?php if (!$keepmedia) print "selected=\"selected\"";?>><?php print $pgv_lang["no"]; ?></option>
			</select>

			<?php
		}
		print "
";
		print "

";
	} else	$verify = "validate_form";
}

if ($verify == "validate_form") {
	print "
";
	print "";
	print_help_link("validate_gedcom_help", "qm", "validate_gedcom");
	print " ".$pgv_lang["validate_gedcom"]."";
	print "
";
	print "
";
	print "
";
	print "\n
";
	print "
".$pgv_lang["performing_validation"]."
";
	if (!empty ($error))
	print "$error\n";

	if ($import != true) {
		require_once PGV_ROOT.'includes/functions/functions_tools.php';

		$l_BOMcleanup = false;
		$l_headcleanup = false;
		$l_macfilecleanup = false;
		$l_lineendingscleanup = false;
		$l_placecleanup = false;
		$l_datecleanup = false;
		$l_isansi = false;
		$fp = fopen(get_gedcom_setting(get_id_from_gedcom($GEDFILENAME), 'path'), "r");

		// TODO - there are two problems with this next block of code.  Firstly, by
		// checking the file in chunks (rather than complete records), we won't spot
		// any problem that spans chunk boundaries.  Secondly, the date checking
		// stops after the first error.  If the first error is not an ambiguous date
		// then we won't ask the user to choose between DMY and YMD.

		//-- read the gedcom and test it in 8KB chunks
		while ($fp && !feof($fp)) {
			$fcontents = fread($fp, 1024 * 8);
			if (!$l_BOMcleanup && need_BOM_cleanup()) $l_BOMcleanup = true;
			if (!$l_headcleanup && need_head_cleanup()) $l_headcleanup = true;
			if (!$l_macfilecleanup && need_macfile_cleanup()) $l_macfilecleanup = true;
			if (!$l_lineendingscleanup && need_line_endings_cleanup()) $l_lineendingscleanup = true;
			if (!$l_placecleanup && ($placesample = need_place_cleanup()) !== false) $l_placecleanup = true;
			if (!$l_datecleanup && ($datesample = need_date_cleanup()) !== false) $l_datecleanup = true;
			if (!$l_isansi && is_ansi()) $l_isansi = true;
		}
		fclose($fp);

		$cleanup_needed = false;
		if (!$l_datecleanup && !$l_isansi && !$l_BOMcleanup && !$l_headcleanup && !$l_macfilecleanup && !$l_placecleanup && !$l_lineendingscleanup) {
			print $pgv_lang["valid_gedcom"];
			print "
";
			$import = true;
		} else {
			$cleanup_needed = true;
			print "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"cleanup_needed\" value=\"cleanup_needed\">";
			if (!file_is_writeable(get_gedcom_setting(get_id_from_gedcom($GEDFILENAME), 'path')) && (file_exists(get_gedcom_setting(get_id_from_gedcom($GEDFILENAME), 'path')))) {
				print "".str_replace("#GEDCOM#", $GEDCOM, $pgv_lang["error_header_write"])."\n";
				print "
";
			}
			// NOTE: Check for BOM cleanup
			if ($l_BOMcleanup) {
				print "
";
				print_help_link("BOM_detected_help", "qm", "BOM_detected");
				print "".$pgv_lang["BOM_detected"]."\n";
				print "
";
			}
			// NOTE: Check for head cleanup
			if ($l_headcleanup) {
				print "
";
				print_help_link("invalid_header_help", "qm", "invalid_header");
				print "".$pgv_lang["invalid_header"]."\n";
				print "
";
			}
			// NOTE: Check for mac file cleanup
			if ($l_macfilecleanup) {
				print "
";
				print_help_link("macfile_detected_help", "qm", "macfile_detected");
				print "".$pgv_lang["macfile_detected"]."\n";
				print "
";
			}
			// NOTE: Check for line endings cleanup
			if ($l_lineendingscleanup) {
				print "
";
				print_help_link("empty_lines_detected_help", "qm", "empty_lines_detected");
				print "".$pgv_lang["empty_lines_detected"]."\n";
				print "
";
			}
			// NOTE: Check for place cleanup
			if ($l_placecleanup) {
				print "
";
				print "\n
";
				print "
";
				print "".$pgv_lang["place_cleanup_detected"]."\n";
				print "
";
				print "
";
				print_help_link("cleanup_places_help", "qm", "cleanup_places");
				print $pgv_lang["cleanup_places"];
				print "	<select name=\"cleanup_places\">\n";
				print "<option value=\"YES\" selected=\"selected\">".$pgv_lang["yes"]."</option>\n<option value=\"NO\">".$pgv_lang["no"]."</option>\n</select>";
				print "
";
				print "

".$pgv_lang["example_place"]."
".PrintReady(nl2br($placesample[0]));
				print "
\n";
				print "
";
			}
			// NOTE: Check for date cleanup
			if ($l_datecleanup) {
				print "
";
				print "".$pgv_lang["invalid_dates"]."\n";
				print "\n
";
				print "
";
				print_help_link("detected_date_help", "qm");
				print $pgv_lang["date_format"];

				print "	";
				if (isset ($datesample["choose"])) {
					print "<select name=\"datetype\">\n";
					print "<option value=\"1\">".$pgv_lang["day_before_month"]."</option>\n<option value=\"2\">".$pgv_lang["month_before_day"]."</option>\n</select>";
				} else
				print "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"datetype\" value=\"3\" />";
				print "

".$pgv_lang["example_date"]."
".$datesample[0];
				print "
";
				print "
\n";
				print "
";
			}
			// NOTE: Check for ansi encoding
			if ($l_isansi) {
				print "
";
				print "".$pgv_lang["ansi_encoding_detected"]."\n";
				print "\n
";
				print "
";
				print_help_link("detected_ansi2utf_help", "qm", "ansi_to_utf8");
				print $pgv_lang["ansi_to_utf8"];
				print "	<select name=\"utf8convert\">\n";
				print "<option value=\"YES\" selected=\"selected\">".$pgv_lang["yes"]."</option>\n";
				print "<option value=\"NO\">".$pgv_lang["no"]."</option>\n</select>";
				print "
";
				print "
\n";
			}
		}
	} else if (!$cleanup_needed) {
		print $pgv_lang["valid_gedcom"];
		$import = true;
	} else $import = true;
	?>
	<input type = "hidden" name="GEDFILENAME" value="<?php if (isset($GEDFILENAME)) print $GEDFILENAME; ?>" />
	<input type = "hidden" name="verify" value="validate_form" />
	<input type = "hidden" name="bakfile" value="<?php if (isset($bakfile)) print $bakfile; ?>" />
	<input type = "hidden" name="path" value="<?php if (isset($path)) print $path; ?>" />
	<input type = "hidden" name="no_upload" value="<?php if (isset($no_upload)) print $no_upload; ?>" />
	<input type = "hidden" name="override" value="<?php if (isset($override)) print $override; ?>" />
	<input type = "hidden" name="ok" value="<?php if (isset($ok)) print $ok; ?>" />
	<input type = "hidden" name="keepmedia" value="<?php print $keepmedia?'yes':'no'; ?>" />

<?php
}

if ($import == true) {
	// NOTE: Additional import options
	print "
";
	print "";
	print_help_link("import_options_help", "qm", "import_options");
	print " ".$pgv_lang["import_options"]."";
	print "
";
	print "
";
	print "
";
	print "\n
";

	// NOTE: Time limit for import
	// TODO: Write help text
	print "
";
	print_help_link("time_limit_help", "qm", "time_limit");
	print $pgv_lang["time_limit"];
	print "	<input type=\"text\" name=\"timelimit\" value=\"".$timelimit."\" size=\"5\"";
	if ($startimport == "true")
	print " disabled ";
	print "/>\n";
	print "
";

	// NOTE: Auto-click "Continue" button
	// TODO: Write help text
	print "
";
	print_help_link("autoContinue_help", "qm", "autoContinue");
	print $pgv_lang["autoContinue"];
	print "	<select name=\"autoContinue\">\n";
	print "<option value=\"YES\" selected=\"selected\">".$pgv_lang["yes"]."</option>\n";
	print "<option value=\"NO\">".$pgv_lang["no"]."</option>\n</select>";
	print "
";

	// NOTE: change XREF to RIN, REFN, or Don't change
	print "
";
	print_help_link("change_indi2id_help", "qm", "change_id");
	print $pgv_lang["change_id"];
	print "	";
	if ($startimport == "true") {
		if ($xreftype == "NA")
		print $pgv_lang["do_not_change"];
		else
		print $xreftype;
	} else {
		print "<select name=\"xreftype\">\n";
		print "<option value=\"NA\">".$pgv_lang["do_not_change"]."</option>\n<option value=\"RIN\">RIN</option>\n";
		print "<option value=\"REFN\">REFN</option>\n</select>";
	}
	print "
\n";

	print "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"startimport\" value=\"true\" />";
	print "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"ged\" value=\"";
	if (isset ($GEDFILENAME))
	print $GEDFILENAME;
	print "\" />";
	print "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"GEDFILENAME\" value=\"";
	if (isset ($GEDFILENAME))
	print $GEDFILENAME;
	print "\" />";
	print "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"exists\" value=\"";
	if (isset ($exists))
	print $exists;
	print "\" />";
	print "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"ok\" value=\"".$ok."\" />";
	print "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"import\" value=\"".$import."\" />";
	print "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"l_isansi\" value=\"";
	if (isset ($l_isansi))
	print $l_isansi;
	print "\" />";
	print "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"check\" value=\"\" />";
	print "

";
	print "
";
}

if ($startimport == "true") {
	set_gedcom_setting(get_id_from_gedcom($GEDFILENAME), 'imported', false);

	if (isset ($exectime)) {
		$oldtime = time() - $exectime;
		$skip_table = 0;
	} else
	$oldtime = time();

	/**
	 * function that sets up the html required to run the progress bar
	 * @param long $FILE_SIZE	the size of the file
	 */
	function setup_progress_bar($FILE_SIZE) {
		global $pgv_lang, $ged, $timelimit;
		?>

		<?php
		print "\n

";
		print "
\n";
		print "".$pgv_lang["import_progress"]."";
		print "
\n";
		print "
1%
\n";
		print "
\n";
		print "
\n";
		print "

";
		print "

";
		print "

";
		print "\n

";
		print "
\n";
		if ($timelimit == 0)
		print "".$pgv_lang["time_limit"]." ".$pgv_lang["none"]."";
		else
		print "".$pgv_lang["time_limit"]." ".$timelimit." ".$pgv_lang["sec"]."";
		print "
\n";
		print "
1%
\n";
		print "
\n";
		print "
\n";
		print "

";
		print "

";
		print "

";
		flush();
	}
//-- end of setup_progress_bar function

if (!isset ($stage))
$stage = 0;
if ((empty ($ged)) || (!get_id_from_gedcom($ged))) {
	$ged = $GEDCOM;
}
$ged_id=get_id_from_gedcom($ged);
$temp = $THEME_DIR;
$GEDCOM_FILE = get_gedcom_setting($ged_id, 'path');
$FILE = $ged;
$TITLE = get_gedcom_setting($ged_id, 'title');
require get_config_file($ged_id);
if ($LANGUAGE <> $_SESSION["CLANGUAGE"])
$LANGUAGE = $_SESSION["CLANGUAGE"];

$temp2 = $THEME_DIR;
$THEME_DIR = $temp;
$THEME_DIR = $temp2;

if (isset ($GEDCOM_FILE)) {
	if ((!isFileExternal($GEDCOM_FILE)) && (!file_exists($GEDCOM_FILE))) {
		print "Could not locate gedcom file at $GEDCOM_FILE
\n";
		unset ($GEDCOM_FILE);
	}
}

if ($stage == 0) {
	$_SESSION["resumed"] = 0;
	if (file_exists($INDEX_DIRECTORY.basename($GEDCOM_FILE).".new"))
	unlink($INDEX_DIRECTORY.basename($GEDCOM_FILE).".new");
	empty_database($ged_id, $keepmedia);
	//-- erase any of the changes
	foreach ($pgv_changes as $cid => $changes) {
		if ($changes[0]["gedcom"] == $ged)
		unset ($pgv_changes[$cid]);
	}
	write_changes();
	$stage = 1;
}
flush();

if ($stage == 1) {
	@ set_time_limit($timelimit);
	//-- make sure that we are working with the true time limit
	//-- commented out for now because PHP does not seem to be reporting it correctly on Linux
	//$timelimit = ini_get("max_execution_time");

	$FILE_SIZE = filesize($GEDCOM_FILE);
	print "
";
	print $pgv_lang["reading_file"]." ".$GEDCOM_FILE;
	print "
";
	print "
";

	print $pgv_lang['progress_bars_info'];
	//print "
";
	setup_progress_bar($FILE_SIZE);
	//print "
";
	flush();

	// ------------------------------------------------------ Begin importing data
	$i = 0;

	//-- as we are importing the file, a new file is being written to store any
	//-- changes that might have occurred to the gedcom file (eg. conversion of
	//-- media objects).  After the import is complete the new file is
	//-- copied over the old file.
	//-- The records are written during the import_record() method and the
	//-- update_media() method
	//-- open handle to read file
	$fpged = fopen($GEDCOM_FILE, "rb");
	//-- open handle to write changed file
	$fpnewged = fopen($INDEX_DIRECTORY.basename($GEDCOM_FILE).".new", "ab");
	$BLOCK_SIZE = 1024 * 4; //-- 4k bytes per read (4kb is usually the page size of a virtual memory system)
	//-- resume a halted import from the session
	if (!empty ($_SESSION["resumed"])) {
		$import_stats=$_SESSION['import_stats'];
		$start_time  =$_SESSION['start_time'];
		$TOTAL_BYTES =$_SESSION["TOTAL_BYTES"];
		$fcontents = $_SESSION["fcontents"];
		$media_count = $_SESSION["media_count"];
		$found_ids = $_SESSION["found_ids"];
		$MAX_IDS = $_SESSION["MAX_IDS"];
		$autoContinue = $_SESSION["autoContinue"];
		fseek($fpged, $TOTAL_BYTES);
	} else {
		$fcontents = "";
		$TOTAL_BYTES = 0;
		$media_count = 0;
		$MAX_IDS = array();
		$_SESSION["resumed"] = 1;
		$import_stats=array();
		$start_time=microtime(true);
	}
	while (!feof($fpged)) {
		$temp = fread($fpged, $BLOCK_SIZE);
		$fcontents .= $temp;
		$TOTAL_BYTES += strlen($temp);
		$pos1 = 0;
		while ($pos1 !== false) {
			//-- find the start of the next record
			$pos2 = strpos($fcontents, "\n0", $pos1 +1);
			while ((!$pos2) && (!feof($fpged))) {
				$temp = fread($fpged, $BLOCK_SIZE);
				$fcontents .= $temp;
				$TOTAL_BYTES += strlen($temp);
				$pos2 = strpos($fcontents, "\n0", $pos1 +1);
			}

			//-- pull the next record out of the file
			if ($pos2) {
				$indirec = substr($fcontents, $pos1, $pos2 - $pos1);
			} else {
				$indirec = substr($fcontents, $pos1);
			}

			try {
				$record_type=import_record($indirec, $ged_id, false);
			} catch (PDOException $ex) {
				// Import errors are likely to be caused by duplicate records.
				// There is no safe way of handling these.  Just display them
				// and let the user decide.
				echo '
', $ex->getMessage(), '
';
				echo '
', PGV_GEDCOM, ': ', $ged_id, '
';
				echo '
', htmlspecialchars($indirec), '
';
				// Don't let the error message disappear off the screen.
				$autoContinue=false;
				$record_type=$pgv_lang['invalid'];
			}

			// Generate import statistics
			if (!isset($import_stats[$record_type])) {
				$import_stats[$record_type]=array(
					'records'=>0,
					'bytes'  =>0,
					'seconds'=>0
				);
			}
			$end_time=microtime(true);
			$import_stats[$record_type]['records']++;
			$import_stats[$record_type]['bytes'  ]+=$pos2 ? $pos2-$pos1 : strlen($indirec);
			$import_stats[$record_type]['seconds']+=$end_time-$start_time;
			$start_time=$end_time;

			//-- move the cursor to the start of the next record
			$pos1 = $pos2;

			$i ++;

			//-- update the progress bars at every 50 records
			if ($i % 25 == 0) {
				$newtime = time();
				$exectime = $newtime - $oldtime;
				echo PGV_JS_START, "update_progress($pos2, $exectime);", PGV_JS_END;
				flush();
			} else {
				print ' ';
			}

			//-- check if we are getting close to timing out
			if ($i % 5 == 0) {
				//-- keep the browser informed by sending more data
				print "\n";
				$newtime = time();
				$exectime = $newtime - $oldtime;
				if (($timelimit != 0) && ($timelimit - $exectime) < 2) {
					$importtime = $importtime + $exectime;
					$fcontents = substr($fcontents, $pos2);
					//-- store the resume information in the session
					$_SESSION['import_stats']=$import_stats;
					$_SESSION['start_time']=$start_time;
					$_SESSION["media_count"] = $media_count;
					$_SESSION["TOTAL_BYTES"] = $TOTAL_BYTES;
					$_SESSION["fcontents"] = $fcontents;
					$_SESSION["importtime"] = $importtime;
					$_SESSION["MAX_IDS"] = $MAX_IDS;
					$_SESSION["found_ids"] = $found_ids;
					$_SESSION["autoContinue"] = $autoContinue;

					//-- close the file connection
					fclose($fpged);
					fclose($fpnewged);
					$_SESSION["resumed"]++;
					print "\n
";
					?>

						<?php print $pgv_lang["import_time_exceeded"]; ?>

						<input type="hidden" name="ged"
							value="<?php print $ged; ?>" /> <input type="hidden" name="stage"
							value="1" /> <input type="hidden" name="timelimit"
							value="<?php print $timelimit; ?>" /> <input type="hidden"
							name="importtime" value="<?php print $importtime; ?>" />
						<input type="hidden" name="xreftype" value="<?php print $xreftype; ?>" />
						<input type="hidden" name="utf8convert"
							value="<?php print $utf8convert; ?>" /> <input type="hidden"
							name="verify" value="<?php print $verify; ?>" /> <input type="hidden"
							name="startimport" value="<?php print $startimport; ?>" /> <input
							type="hidden" name="import" value="<?php print $import; ?>" /> <input
							type="hidden" name="FILE" value="<?php print $FILE; ?>" /> <input
							type="submit" name="continue"
							value="<?php print $pgv_lang["del_proceed"]; ?>" />

					<?php if ($autoContinue=="YES") { ?>

					<?php
					}
					print_footer();
					session_write_close();
					exit;
				}
			}
		}
		$fcontents = substr($fcontents, $pos2);
	}
	fclose($fpged);
	fclose($fpnewged);
	//-- as we are importing the file, a new file is being written to store any
	//-- changes that might have occurred to the gedcom file (eg. conversion of
	//-- media objects).  After the import is complete the new file is
	//-- copied over the old file.
	//-- The records are written during the import_record() method and the
	//-- update_media() method
	$res = @ copy($GEDCOM_FILE, $INDEX_DIRECTORY.basename($GEDCOM_FILE).".bak");
	if (!$res)
		print "Unable to create backup of the GEDCOM file at ".$INDEX_DIRECTORY.basename($GEDCOM_FILE).".bak
";
	//unlink($GEDCOM_FILE);
	$res = @ copy($INDEX_DIRECTORY.basename($GEDCOM_FILE).".new", $GEDCOM_FILE);
	if (!$res) {
		print "Unable to copy updated GEDCOM file ".$INDEX_DIRECTORY.basename($GEDCOM_FILE).".new to ".$GEDCOM_FILE."
";
	} else {
		@unlink($INDEX_DIRECTORY.basename($GEDCOM_FILE).".new");
		$logline = AddToLog($GEDCOM_FILE." updated");
		check_in($logline, $GEDCOM_FILE, $INDEX_DIRECTORY);
	}
	$newtime = time();
	$exectime = $newtime - $oldtime;
	$importtime = $importtime + $exectime;
	$exec_text = $pgv_lang["exec_time"];
	$go_pedi = $pgv_lang["click_here_to_go_to_pedigree_tree"];
	$go_welc = $pgv_lang["welcome_page"];
	if ($LANGUAGE == "french" || $LANGUAGE == "italian") {
		echo PGV_JS_START, "complete_progress($importtime, \"$exec_text\", \"$go_pedi\", \"$go_welc\");", PGV_JS_END;
	} else {
		echo PGV_JS_START, "complete_progress($importtime, '$exec_text', '$go_pedi', '$go_welc');", PGV_JS_END;
	}
	flush();

	// Import Statistics
	$show_table1  = "

";
	$show_table1 .= "
".$pgv_lang["ged_import"]."
";
	$show_table1 .= "".$pgv_lang["exec_time"]."	";
	$show_table1 .= "".$pgv_lang["bytes_read"]."	";
	$show_table1 .= "".$pgv_lang["found_record"]."	";
	$show_table1 .= "".$pgv_lang["type"]."
";
	$total_seconds=0;
	$total_bytes  =0;
	$total_records=0;
	foreach ($import_stats as $type=>$stats) {
		$total_seconds+=$stats['seconds'];
		$total_bytes  +=$stats['bytes'];
		$total_records+=$stats['records'];
		$show_table1 .= "
".sprintf("%.2f %s", $stats['seconds'], $pgv_lang['sec'])."	";
		$show_table1 .= "".$stats['bytes']."	";
		$show_table1 .= "".$stats['records']."	";
		$show_table1 .= "".$type."
";
	}
	$show_table1 .= "
".sprintf("%.2f %s", $total_seconds, $pgv_lang['sec'])."	";
	$show_table1 .= "".$total_bytes.PGV_JS_START."update_progress($total_bytes, $exectime);".PGV_JS_END;
	$show_table1 .= "". $total_records."	";
	$show_table1 .= "
";
	$show_table1 .= "
";
	echo "
", $pgv_lang["import_statistics"], "
";
	print "
";
	print "

";
	if (isset ($skip_table)) {
	 print "
...";
	} else {
		print $show_table1;
	}
	print "

";
	// NOTE: Finished Links
	import_max_ids($ged_id, $MAX_IDS);
	set_gedcom_setting($ged_id, 'imported', true);
	set_gedcom_setting($ged_id, 'pgv_ver', PGV_VERSION);
	print "
";

	$record_count = 0;
	$_SESSION["resumed"] = 0;
	unset ($_SESSION['import_stats']);
	unset ($_SESSION["TOTAL_BYTES"]);
	unset ($_SESSION["fcontents"]);
	@ set_time_limit($TIME_LIMIT);
}
}
?>

	<?php

	if ($startimport != "true")
	print "<input type=\"submit\" name=\"continue\" value=\"".$pgv_lang["del_proceed"]."\" /> ";
	if ($verify && $startimport != "true")
	print "<input type=\"button\" name=\"cancel\" value=\"".$pgv_lang["cancel"]."\" onclick=\"document.configform.override.value='no'; document.configform.no_upload.value='cancel_upload'; document.configform.submit(); \" />";
	?>

</form>
	<?php

	print_footer();
	?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Tennessee has a lot of flooring contractors to choose from when it comes to wood floor installation. However, not all wood floor companies have your best interests in mind. Many wood floor installers will overcharge you for materials and labor or simply work slowly if paid by the hour. If you want to hire a wood floor installation company who you can depend on to do a professional installation job for a reasonable price then you should consider using our hardwood services. We work with all types of hardwood flooring including oak, maple, ash, walnut, hickory, cherry, bamboo, mahogany, and much more.
We consider our experienced wood floor installers to be some of the best in all of Tennessee. They will go out of their way to provide you with professional work you will be proud of. We offer high quality wood floor installation and the best customer service for the cheapest prices in the area. Simply fill out our fast and easy contact form and we will get back to you right away with a free custom quote.


text:
Q: Microsoft Office license type MSDN Recently I bought a Microsoft Office 2016 Professional license from an local online marketplace in my country. The price was very cheap around 9 US$ if I convert it from my currency to US$.
The seller tells me that I can verify my product key to seapa@microsoft.com (it's an mail based verification, South East Asia Product Activation / SEAPA). Then I did, and the product key does verified to be a genuine and valid.
But the thing is that the license type is MSDN. As far as I know license type are OEM, FPP or volume. I didn't know there are other type of licenses.
Can anyone explain the variety of Microsoft license types? How many license types are they? And what are the differentiation between these license types?
PS. Tried to google about this, but the information about license type MSDN are very unclear.


If you like a shady, rustic-looking city park, that is a little hidden, try Lac Lavon Park. Its near County Road 42 in Burnsville and, because it's a stones throw from Crystal Lake – a much busier park – has a great deal less people. They have a playground, secluded trails, horseshoe pits and a volleyball court.


For the ultimate show car gloss, use our Shine On Sealer and Glaze System. Follow Nano Seal with Nano Glaze to actually amplify that mirror-like gloss. Then maintain that gloss by periodically misting with Speed Demon Wax Detailer. Be sure to apply Nano Seal Protective Coat by hand – do NOT use a buffer.