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Failure to Communicate: Orange County Wildfires Highlight Long Standing Emergency Communication Problems
by Noah Biesiada Dec 21, 2020 Updated Jul 8, 2021 Why you can trust Voice of OC
Ventura, Los Angeles, and Riverside county fire departments were on location helping contain the Blue Ridge fires in Yorba Linda. There were dozens of Fire and Police Dept. vehicles stationed at Yorba Regional Park. Credit: OMAR SANCHEZ, Voice of OC
Orange County residents witnessed three wildfires in the last three months, and while no lives were lost, the event served as a sobering reminder of serious communication problems long present in the county's emergency communication system.
Editors Note: This three-day series takes a look at the ongoing risks for many Orange County residents who are living near wildfire zones that are burning more often with each passing year. This is the first story in the series. In the second story, Hosam Elattar examines what the fire means for Chino Hills State Park, with the fire burning more than 60 percent of the parkland. In the third story, Nick Gerda examines how homes were approved in such fire prone areas in the first place.
Over 30,000 acres burned between the Silverado, Blue Ridge and Bond Fires, all of which saw unique communication responses that failed to inform the public in different ways.
In a series of press conferences during Silverado, public officials largely praised their own response to the blaze and their communication with the public, despite resident complaints on social media and in community meetings that emergency responders failed to effectively communicate evacuation orders.
A grand jury report in 2019 documented how Orange County emergency responders have long struggled with giving timely information to the public, painting a response that failed to communicate clearly to the public throughout the evacuation process.
The grand jury made a variety of recommendations on how to improve the situation, several of which were implemented including updates to the AlertOC notification system.
But similar issues to the Canyon 2 Fire still persisted this year in the county's fire response.
New issues also arose with the county's first major emergency during the coronavirus pandemic. Evacuation centers quickly filled up, requiring a mass expansion, and in one fire no evacuation centers were opened by the county at all for fear of the virus' spread.
Silverado: Interagency Breakdowns
A still from a video posted to Twitter this morning of the smoke from the Silverado Fire in Irvine.
The first two fires this year showed the difference between when cities stepped up to lead versus the county's decision making.
The City of Irvine, the first and largest city forced to evacuate during this year's wildfires, focused more on communication with the public than any other city during the wildfire: City council members were publishing updated information on the fire ahead of or in sync with the city's own police department and emergency response teams, utilizing an evacuation plan drawn up last year.
However, the evacuation plan hadn't been updated to reflect the COVID pandemic, and the city quickly filled up over a dozen evacuation centers in a few hours. Voice of OC reporters on the ground saw centers fill up in under 20 minutes, and Irvine city staff frequently closed and reopened centers throughout the first few days of the fire.
The city's leading role also saw discrepancies between evacuation advisories with other agencies. In their live maps, the Sheriffs' Department and Irvine had big differences, with some residents under no evacuation order or advisory on one map and under mandatory orders in the other.
A similar problem cropped up in 2017, with the OC Sheriffs' Department and the city of Orange sending out conflicting maps within 20 minutes of each other showing different regions of the city that needed to evacuate during the Canyon 2 Fire.
Irvine Police Sgt. Karie Davies, the police department's Public Information Officer, said all the data on their maps and mandatory evacuations were issued based on advice from the Orange County Fire Authority, and could not speak on what was represented on the sheriffs' maps.
But when asked by Voice of OC reporters, OCFA's public information office said that all evacuation orders were under the sheriff's control, and decisions were made based on incoming information between OCFA and the sheriff's department.
Carrie Braun, Public Information Officer for the OC Sheriff's Department, said evacuation decisions were made at command posts as a unified decision between the different agencies responding to the fires, including OCFA and individual city's police departments, and that map updates were handled by trained county employees.
Blue Ridge: Evacuation Center Confusions
A firefighter stands by the 133 South toll road highway entrace observing an active fire that is happening a couple of yards away on Oct. 26, 2020.
Over a month after the Blue Ridge Fire, it still remains unclear who was actually in charge of setting up evacuation centers.
When reports of a fire in the hills east of Yorba Linda first popped up it was being called the Green Fire, and then swiftly had its name changed to the Blue Ridge Fire, prompting some confusion among local officials as to whether or not they were two separate fires nearby or one and the same.
The OCFA also didn't have any public information officers available to respond in the early hours of the Blue Ridge Fire as they were focused on the Silverado Fire, slowing initial efforts to find official updates on the status of what would become the larger fire.
But once public information officers were on site, OCFA and the Sheriff's Department largely handled all updates surrounding the fire. Voice of OC found no disparities between the evacuation information being released by county agencies and subsequent data from the cities of Lake Forest, Mission Viejo and Yorba Linda.
However, officials struggled more with the establishment of evacuation centers in the Blue Ridge Fire compared to Silverado, which had a series of staffed centers up and running swiftly and was forced to open several previously unplanned locations.
Initially, the Blue Ridge Fire only had one advertised evacuation center, set up at the Thomas Lasorda Jr. Field House several hours after the first round of mandatory evacuations were issued, leaving many residents with no set place to go after leaving their homes.
When asked by Voice of OC who was in charge of arranging evacuation centers, no clear answers were offered by public agencies.
Braun said that there is generally one trained county employee in charge of coordinating evacuation efforts with cities if they requested it, and that individual cities would have more knowledge on how they handled their evacuations.
But the city of Yorba Linda refused to answer questions about their part in the evacuation, directing all questions about the effort back to Braun.
The surrounding cities of Mission Viejo and Lake Forest were also forced to evacuate small portions of the city and both contract with the OCFA and OC Sheriffs' Department for their public safety offices, leaving it unclear who was responsible for setting up evacuation centers in those cities.
The 2019 grand jury report pointed out similar confusion surrounding fire communication and evacuation procedures last year, finding that, "Lack of coordination among the involved agencies caused Emergency Public Information sent out about evacuations during the Canyon 2 fire to be inconsistent, and confused residents."
The Orange County Fire Authority's Board of Directors issued a short statement on the grand jury's finding.
"Public safety agencies have a responsibility to coordinate messaging to ensure the public will receive factual and concise information. That practice is challenged by media messaging, social media posts and a wildfire that was quickly escalating. In this case, it was a matter of life and death and the best information at the time was sent."
Bond: Power Down
An air support helicopter carrying gallons of water makes it's way to an active fire on Dec. 3, 2020
The worst breakdowns in communication came during the Bond Fire, which set Silverado Canyon ablaze for the second time in two months. Before the fire started, Southern California Edison informed customers they would be turning off the area's power due to a red flag fire warning in the area.
When a house fire started just a few hours later, residents were unable to call 911, forcing them to go in person to the fire station to report the blaze. According to one complaint sent to the California Public Utilities Commission, residents couldn't get word to firefighters for half an hour, and neighbors were trying to suppress the blaze with garden hoses.
When evacuations started, residents did not receive notices on any of their devices due to the power outages, and many reported having to run door to door telling their neighbors to get out as the blaze moved forward. Officials also chose not to open any evacuation centers due to concerns surrounding the coronavirus, despite having opened centers for fires just weeks before.
The issue was not unknown: multiple residents have shared letters they sent to the commission outlining those same concerns.
"You need to understand that when you turn the power off in Silverado – We have no cell service therefore we could not call 911 if an emergency arose or a fire did in fact start. When you turn the power off you are endangering the lives of everyone in our community," wrote Megan Dornbush, who sent an email to the utilities commission the day before the start of the Bond Fire.
Spenser Li, another resident of Silverado Canyon, began asking Edison questions about the shutoffs after the Silverado Fire, and was shocked by some of the answers.
"I told them that one day there will be a fire and no one in the canyon will know because we can't get 911. One of them downright told me 'someone will knock on your door when the fire is close by,'" Li said.
In response to questions from Voice of OC, Edison said that residents were warned in advance that the power would be shut off, and local authorities have repeatedly refused to speak about power shutdowns during any of the fires.
"I think it's something we're going to have to explore with them in the future," said OC Sheriffs' Lt. Gary Knudsen at a community meeting with residents on Dec. 5. "Unfortunately, they're not here."
After action reports on all three fires are still ongoing, with OCFA participating in the investigation behind Silverado and Bond while San Bernardino County handles Blue Ridge, which started in Chino Hills.
Noah Biesiada is a Voice of OC Reporting Fellow. Contact him at nbiesiada@voiceofoc.org or on Twitter @NBiesiada.
Tagged: Series: Ongoing Wildfire Risks, Wildfires

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Building a better normal
INTROSPECTIVE - Tony F. Katigbak - The Philippine Star
These past several weeks have been interesting, to say the least. It's been nice seeing people enjoying the things they did pre-pandemic like going to a movie, having dinner with friends, and even seeing sporting events or concerts. It's definitely a good sign that these may be possible once again. After all, too much isolation isn't good for anyone.
However, it does make me feel somewhat nervous to think that we're all just ready to go right back to how we were before COVID-19. I know that we've all suffered because of the pandemic – businesses suffered, people suffered, the entire world suffered. But just because we are all chomping at the bit to get out of the COVID pandemic era, that doesn't mean that we should rush back to exactly how we were before the pandemic.
The words "new normal" have been tossed around a lot these past two years. Businesses and people pivoted to create a new way of living either by simplifying or transitioning to online digital solutions. We've seen whole organizations that had no intention of exploring "work-from-home" make the transition out of necessity. And people who never really saw their homes before because of busy schedules suddenly found time in their day to take on DIY projects or focus on home improvements.
The pandemic has also seen a significant exodus of people from Metro Manila. As the weeks and months dragged on, people realized that they may be able to move to various provinces and continue working without being in the city's hotbed. Many people flew home or headed to provinces just outside of Metro Manila for a bit of peace and fresh air.
There was a lot of suffering. And I don't wish this wretched global health crisis to last any longer than need be. Still, at the same time, I don't think we should be thinking of just chucking everything we've learned throughout the past two years out the window to go right back to the way things were. After all, the way things were is a large part of how we got in this mess in the first place.
We've proven that we can be efficient in new ways. This should be an indicator that we have to build a new way of working and living, not just run right back to four hours in traffic a day just to get to work or kids spending eight hours in school and another four at home on homework. We pined for our hectic schedules when COVID effectively shut the world down, but looking back now, were we really busy or just inefficient. We've seen that there are definitely alternative ways of doing things that should be considered instead of just rushing back to the way things used to be. After all, spending 12 hours at work doesn't automatically mean we're good workers. It could mean that we're not working at optimal levels. We should aim to work smarter, not harder.
Personally, I think companies should be open-minded when considering how to work moving forward. While in-person work is definitely essential and will never go away, work that can be done remotely should be factored into the new better normal as well. Thankfully it looks like many companies are looking at hybrid work systems that may see employees in the office three or four times a week instead of five to seven. They are also exploring setting up remote working operations for positions that aren't absolutely needed in the office.
Forward-thinking businesses need to be open-minded when it comes to building their operations in 2022 and onward. While everyone wants to have COVID in the rearview, the fact remains, we aren't 100 percent completely out of the woods yet. With news of Omicron making the future uncertain, it wouldn't be wise to just assume we can rush back to our pre-pandemic lives.
At the end of the day, we need to retain what works and build a better future. One that preferably promotes social interaction and productivity without jamming tons of people together in small spaces daily for hours on end. We have to take the lessons we've learned and continue to make improvements. If we don't just toss everything out the window, we can build a better, more resilient future.
With the emergence of the Omicron variant and the potential threat of this variant being more transmissible than Delta, travel restrictions are being implemented anew. While it may be disheartening, this is a better approach than waiting until it's too late and the variant is already here. And it is worlds better than simply reverting to face shields again in the face of a new threat.
At the end of the day, we need to have a resiliency plan in place. One that is reliable and easy to implement in the face of new threats. Omicron will most likely not be the last variant. Mutations will continue to happen in countries and locations with low vaccination rates. We have to be prepared with protocols to implement quickly when new variants are found.
Travel restrictions are one of the first and best ways to keep new variants from arriving on our shores. This needs to be coupled with strict testing, tracing, and isolation. Should the variant make its way here, somehow, it needs to be detected quickly, isolated, and stopped from spreading.
While we're all grateful for a taste of "freedom" these past several weeks, it won't last for long if we aren't cautious. We have to strictly practice safety protocols and remind others to do the same. Complacency is our biggest threat, and when this becomes the norm, we're allowing threats like new variants the opportunity to grow and spread.
It's happened before, let's make sure we're more vigilant this time around so that we can enjoy the holidays and begin what's hopefully going to be a better and brighter new year.
Philex may extend Padcal mine life
By Catherine Talavera | January 18, 2022 - 12:00am
Philex Mining Corp. is studying the further extension of the lifespan of the Padcal mine in Benguet to potentially overlap with the start of the commercial operations of the Silangan copper gold project in 2025 in...
Manila Water breaks ground for Pangasinan bulk water project
Manila Water Co. Inc.'s wholly owned subsidiary Manila Water Philippine Ventures Inc. has broken ground for a 25-year bulk water supply project in Pangasinan.
Learning lessons at the start of 2022
By Tony F. Katigbak | January 18, 2022 - 12:00am
When tragedies pile up on top of one another, it can be difficult to sift through them and find solutions for each.
Navigating the unknown
By Gilbert T. Trinchera | January 18, 2022 - 12:00am
The COVID-19 pandemic has and will continue to change enterprises, organizations, and governments.
Davao cement maker gets perks for project
The Cabinet-level Fiscal Incentives Review Board has approved the grant of incentives to a Davao del Sur-based cement maker...
Go lauds DOH for Basic Kalinga Kit for COVID-19 patients
The Basic Kalinga Kit for COVID-19 patients program is a big step toward protecting Filipinos from the virus, Sen. Bong Go said yesterday.
COVID-19DOH
COVID-19 cases in Metro Manila on steady decline – OCTA
The number of COVID-19 cases per day in Metro Manila appears to be steadily decreasing, with the growth rate at negative one...
Pampanga mayor catches COVID-19 for second time
Mabalacat City Mayor Crisostomo Garbo went on quarantine yesterday after he contracted COVID for the second time despite being fully vaccinated.
Davao extends no COVID-19 test rule to June 30
Mayor Sara Duterte-Carpio of this city has extended the validity of an executive order that removed a negative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test result as a requirement for inbound travelers.
COVID-19DAVAO
EDITORIAL - No exemption from restrictions
How can unvaccinated officials enforce restrictions on other unvaccinated people?
COVID-19 DOH
The number of COVID-19 cases per day in Metro Manila appears to be steadily decreasing, with the growth rate at negative one percent, the OCTA Research Group announced yesterday.
COVID-19 DAVAO


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Graduate Research Students
Honorary Research Associates and Student Visitors
Collaborators and Research Partners
Oxford Resilient Buildings and Landscapes Lab (OxRBL)
Research at the intersection of geomorphology and heritage conservation
SXNCH Sites at the Intersection of Cultural and Natural Heritage
The SXNCH online symposium took place on 7 & 8 December 2020, with participation from around the world and contributions on a wide variety of mixed heritage sites. SXNCH stands for Sites at the Intersection of Natural and Cultural Heritage. The symposium was part of a project funded by the German Foreign Office to develop conservation training strategies, together with stakeholders in Petra, Jordan. This is a collaborative project between the Fraunhofer Institutes for Building Physics (IBP) and International Management and Knowledge Economy (IMW), and the University of Oxford's, Oxford Resilient Buildings and Landscape Laboratory (OxRBL). Due to Covid-19 travel restrictions, the initial knowledge exchange phase of this project, which would have seen the European project partners travel to Jordan to meet their counterparts, was moved online. The resulting online symposium was seen as an opportunity to broaden the discussion and include experts and sites from around the world.
The first day of the symposium included three keynote presentations on very different subjects, which nevertheless shared the common theme of highlighting challenges, and potential opportunities, at the intersection of natural and cultural heritage. Suleiman Farajat, Chief Commissioner for the Petra Development and Tourism Region Authority, shared experiences from Petra, an archetype for heritage sites at the intersection of nature and culture. Eugene Jo, from the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM), introduced the World Heritage Leadership Programme, an exciting initiative for building capacity in expertise on integrated heritage management. Johanna Leissner, Scientific Representative of the Fraunhofer Institutes, presented the Climate for Culture project, which begins to address the huge challenges in adapting heritage management policies to climate change. The keynote session ended with a panel discussion, moderated by Prof. Heather Viles from OxRBL. The discussion identified commonalities in the presented subjects, including a need to consider heritage places rather than heritage sites and think about multiple, intricately interlinked scales.
Following the panel discussion, participants were split into 7 virtual breakout rooms, which further explored topics relating to the general theme. These ranged from a room titled Jordanian Heritage Networking, in which the international, collaborative network for ongoing work at sites such as Petra was extended and strengthened, to rooms that investigated how specific concepts and approaches, such as cultural landscape, digital technologies, and local participation, could address challenges related to the theme. Breakout rooms on rock-hewn heritage and geo-heritage focussed more specifically on other case study mixed heritage sites around the world, whilst a room title Future of Heritage focussed on the dual challenges of education and climate change. Each breakout room included a series of impulse presentations followed by a general discussion, which directly informed activity on the second day.
On the second day, a group of volunteers from Wikimedia, led by Richard Nevell, guided participants through the creation and editing of relevant Wikipedia pages. Besides improving digital literacy skills, this enabled participants to record, disseminate, and develop the discussions of the previous day. An example can be found here. It provided a pathway to tangible output for this, and future, online symposiums and created a platform for building upon networking opportunities beyond the scope of the two-day event.
Dr Katrin Wilhelm, katrin.wilhelm@ouce.ox.ac.uk
Dr Martin Michette, martin.michette@ouce.ox.ac.uk
www.sxnch2020.org
#TORCHGoesDigital and @OxRBL joins!
As part of this week's #TORCHGoesDigital! theme of Storytelling, the TORCH Heritage Programme is taking the opportunity to celebrate with us our ongoing 'Histories, Mysteries and Future of Oxford Broad Street's Heads' project. Find out about how we revealed the lost history of one of the most noticeable Oxford monuments. Learn about the wide range of research topics we are tackling such as built heritage preservation and perception, and exploring extended 'built heritage services' with focus on bio-receptivity, diversity and well-being. The project was made possible with funding from the Oxford University Diversity Fund and van Houten Fund, KE SEED Fund and the Heritage Seed Fund. We are actively collaborating with the History of Science Museum and one of our ongoing projects investigates 'Oxford's stone built-heritage as a proxy for historical air quality'.
Oxford's Broads Street Heads – History and Mysteries visual impressions. a) View of one of the two temporary set of sculptures of the Tomorrow's Oxford Heads – Diversifying Public Sculpture project in front of the History of Science Museum. A gypsum bust made by Alex Wenham mirroring the shape and size of the historic Broad Street Heads, but adding to the canon of values such as BAME and gender equality (© Keiko Ikeuchi); b) exhibition poster "Oxford's Stone Heads – History and Mysteries" at Blackwell Hall, Weston Library (© Dot Little); c) Public engagement with research at the "Art Rocks" event in May 2019 with Madeleine Katkov and Susan Squibb story telling the history and mysteries of the Broad Street Heads (© Keiko Ikeuchi); d) "The Pink Head" one of the two temporary set of sculptures of the Tomorrow's Oxford Heads – Diversifying Public Sculpture project in front of the History of Science Museum (© OxRBL 2019).
Science for heritage: developing resilience
This is the fifth of five blog posts for British Science Week in which we address who we are, what we do and some of the challenges we face in using science to help understand, manage and conserve heritage.
Today's challenge is resilience. Resilience is a term for how well something can respond to a difficulty and return to normal. Although many heritage sites and objects require protection and conservation from further damage, others are able to deal with whatever is thrown at them. This makes them resilient. Although many heritage buildings and sites have survived well and been resilient for many decades or centuries, some face new threats due a changing climate, air pollution and increasing visitor numbers. The goal of heritage conservation is to manage the change of objects and sites to make them more resilient – slowing down deterioration so that their values can be shared with future generations. If conservation goes wrong, heritage sites and objects can become less resilient. But doing nothing is usually not an option. The challenge for scientists and conservators is how best to manage change and improve the resilience of fragile, valued objects and sites.
The graph above shows some different responses to this challenge using two axes. The horizontal axis depicts how much change is allowed (on the left-hand side the word 'conservation' implies very little change, whereas the word 'adaptation' on the right-hand side implies a lot of change. The vertical axis depicts what the end goal is – from 'restoration' at the bottom, which implies returning something to its former condition, to 'renovation' at the top, which implies creating something new but still valued. All these approaches can increase or decrease the resilience of heritage, depending on how they're done. There is no right answer to what the best approach is – it depends on the characteristics of the specific object or site, what the people who value it want, and what is most possible. Although in OxRBL we are scientists and not practicing conservators, we have to think about these issues. Many of our projects focus on testing whether a conservation strategy will be successful in managing change and increasing the resilience of a particular site or object. But we also need to think about what people want the site or object to look like.
Conserving 1000-year-old walls: Martin at the Tower of London
Martin Michette
Doctoral student in OxRBL
Martin studied architecture at the University of Bath and building conservation at the Potsdam University of Applied Science before spending several years in practice.
He now works on how best to conserve fragile Reigate Stone walls at the Tower of London.
Martin is really lucky to be carrying out research at the Tower of London in collaboration with Historic Royal Palaces (the site manager). The medieval Reigate Stone at the Tower of London is often quite fragile, and decades of work has gone into trying various conservation methods to slow down the decay and increase its resilience. Most have only been partly successful at best. Martin's project aims to explore new conservation approaches that might be more flexible and forward-looking while still conserving the important heritage values of the Tower.
Science for heritage: studying valuable things
This is the fourth of five blog posts for British Science Week in which we address who we are, what we do and some of the challenges we face in using science to help understand, manage and conserve heritage.
Today's challenge is value. By definition, heritage objects and sites are things of great value to the people who identify them as part of their cultural heritage. The more valued an object or site, the less likely scientists are able to touch it, take samples or interfere with it in any way. This poses a real challenge for scientists who are used to collecting samples from objects to find out more about them. For example, geologists usually use hammers to chip off parts of a cliff face to identify what the rocks are – this would be completely unacceptable at somewhere like Stonehenge, where taking even the tiniest of samples is challenging and requires high-level permission. Luckily, there are several ways we can study valuable things without damaging them as we illustrate below.
At the top of the triangle we can, in some cases, get permission to take very small samples from heritage objects and sites. Even very tiny flakes of a deteriorating surface can be used to identify what is causing the deterioration. But such small samples can usually only be analysed with high-tech, expensive scientific equipment in specialised labs. These can only tell us certain things about the heritage site or building we are interested in as a whole. In the middle of the triangle are non-contact methods that we can use on heritage objects or sites to diagnose problems or monitor change over time. These non-contact methods are usually relatively inexpensive and easy to use but give less precise and accurate information than the high-tech sample-based methods. Access to the heritage object or site can a limiting factor for this type of research. At the bottom of the triangle are some of the most commonly used approaches, involving replica or analogue samples. Essentially, this means making our own objects that are as similar to the real heritage object as possible. As you can imagine, there are lots of challenges to making realistic replicas of many heritage objects (especially very large, complex and old ones!).
Studying without touching: Scott and his wet walls
Dr Scott Orr
Lecturer in Heritage Data Science, University College London and Honorary Research Associate, OxRBL.
Scott studied chemical and environmental engineering at the University of Toronto.
He works on climatic impacts on heritage buildings.
Scott is interested in why walls in historic buildings get wet and what damage that wetness can cause to the buildings, their contents and inhabitants. Faced with the challenge of not being able to drill holes into historic walls, Scott has worked with many non-destructive testing methods which can be used to 'see inside walls' without damaging them at all. One of his preferred methods is a hand-held system that measures microwave reflections by simply placing a sensor on the surface. This allows him to investigate how wet walls are at different depths.
Making minerals: Kathryn and museum collections
Kathryn Royce
Kathryn did an undergraduate degree in conservation science at Cardiff University.
She now studies the deterioration and conservation of mineral collections in association with the National Museum of Wales.
To cope with the challenge of not being able to take samples of valuable minerals stored in museums, Kathryn has decided to 'grow her own'. Using the right chemicals under controlled conditions, it is possible to grow crystals of some minerals that look much like the ones on display in museums. The benefits of 'growing your own' are that you can make many replicas and then carry out many experiments on them. But how realistic are these 'home grown' minerals to the valuable ones on display (which might have been collected years ago from faraway places)?
Growing Chalcanthanite crystals in the lab
Science for heritage: how to be innovative
This is the third of five blog posts for British Science Week in which we address who we are, what we do and some of the challenges we face in using science to help understand, manage and conserve heritage.
Today's challenge is innovation. All scientific researchers aim to do something innovative, whether that's by making some hugely important discovery or by developing a new way of making observations (or perhaps combining the two). Often when you are actually in the lab, in the field, or staring into your computer, it feels as though you are a long way from doing anything innovative at all. It's easy to get disheartened. In OxRBL, we have found the illustration below a useful way of picturing the sources of innovation and how they are interrelated within the 'cycle of innovation'.
Innovation can come from the scientific techniques we deploy (on the left-hand side of the diagram) or from the challenges that a heritage site or object might throw at us (on the right-hand side of the diagram). The black arrows illustrate the ways in which such innovations inform conventional approaches and which can often lead to new developments, adaptations and further innovations. Different sciences fit in different places on the diagram. For example, much engineering is challenge-led, while many parts of 'pure' sciences – like chemistry and physics – are technique-led. The science we do for heritage is really in the middle of the diagram.
Technique-led innovation: Dáire in the lab with lasers
Dáire Browne
She studied chemistry in Oxford as an undergraduate and now works with OxRBL and the Ritchie Group in the Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Lab.
Dáire's research is firmly based on technological innovation. She is currently developing a new instrument based on laser absorption spectroscopy to measure water and pollutant gases coming in and out of limestone. This instrument should provide a novel and accurate way of monitoring how some of the key agents of deterioration interact with the surfaces of heritage buildings. Dáire will spend most of her time in the lab, but we hope that one day she will be able to apply her technique to a number of different heritage challenges.
Dáire's cavity ring-down laser spectroscopy system ready to start work in the lab (Ritchie group in the Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, 2020)
Challenge-led innovation: Richard and the mechanical foot
Richard Grove
Richard studied archaeology and landscape studies at the University of Worcester and historic conservation at Birmingham. He ran his own business before coming to Oxford.
Richard's research aims to develop a 'best practice' method to test whether conservation treatments on crumbling historic sandstone surfaces have been successful. His challenge has been to find the best techniques available that can be used in the field or in the lab. He is particularly interested in the impact of visitors walking on vulnerable surfaces. Thanks to a chance conversation at a party, he found a company that tests footwear (Satra) who have been able to run some experiments for him using their Pedatron tester – a challenge-led, novel application of a technique usually deployed to assess the lifespan of walking boots.
Science for heritage: dealing with uniqueness
This is the second of five blog posts for British Science Week in which we address who we are, what we do and some of the challenges we face in using science to help understand, manage and conserve heritage.
Today's challenge is uniqueness. Every heritage object or site is unique and has its own particular history, characteristics and meanings for the people who value it. For example, the rock-hewn churches at Lalibela in Ethiopia that Blen Taye Gemeda studies vary hugely in architectural style, size and location. This causes some challenges for scientists who are used to developing general explanations and theories that might apply everywhere else. Sciences such as physics are based on numerous laws like the laws of thermodynamics or the law of gravity. But how can general scientific theories be applied to address the problems facing unique heritage objects or sites? As shown below, we visualise the situation as a spectrum with general scientific theories at one end and unique heritage sites at the other. Both learn from each other in different ways, and good scientific research with excellent practical applications can be carried out at many points along the spectrum.
Confronting uniqueness: Blen Taye Gemeda
Blen Taye Gemeda
She trained in architecture, urban planning, archaeology and conservation in Ethiopia, Portugal and Italy.
She now works at Lalibela in Ethiopia and in OxRBL's lab.
Blen's research aims to better understand the deterioration of the amazing rock-hewn churches at Lalibela to help conserve them for current and future worshippers who use the site. While each church is distinctive, Blen's fieldwork on monitoring the environmental conditions at different churches is helping her understand what causes the deterioration and why some churches are experiencing more serious problems than others. Her research sits towards the 'unique heritage site' end of the spectrum. She has made several visits to Lalibela and collected a vast array of data there.
Lalibela (marked), Ethiopia
Bet Giyorgis, Lalibela, Ethiopa (CC BY-SA 2.5 2011)
Modelling environmental interactions: Jenny and her cellular automata
Jenny Richards
She studied geography as an undergraduate in Oxford and then carried out an internship at the University of Adelaide, Australia, focusing on water quality monitoring.
She now works on modelling the deterioration of earthen heritage sites in NW China.
Jenny's research sits towards the 'general science theory' end of the spectrum. She spends a lot of time on her computer, developing, testing and running a model which simulates the interactions between sand, wind, vegetation and earthen heritage sites. In the desert environments Jenny works on plant growth is highly influenced by wind-blown sand and, in turn, plants affect sand transport by wind. Plants growing in front of walls can protect them from wind and sand. Using her model (ViSTA-HD), Jenny is able to run lots of simulations that allow her to test various hypotheses about whether plants could help conserve earthen heritage sites such as Suoyang in NW China. Although she has visited Suoyang and done some fieldwork there, the bulk of her work is model-based.
Science for heritage: coping with complexity
This is the first of five blog posts for British Science Week in which we address who we are, what we do and some of the challenges we face in using science to help understand, manage and conserve heritage.
Today's challenge is complexity. Heritage is complex and diverse. There are many different types of heritage, and they are facing a huge range of different threats and risks. For heritage to be conserved for future generations, a very wide range of scientific expertise needs to be deployed. In the circle below, we have tried to give a representative picture of the types of sciences needed. They are colour coded in a wheel from the blues of 'pure' sciences, the purples of more applied sciences, the reds of social sciences, oranges of more practical subjects, and the green of philosophy. Are these all science?
Some of the 'sciences' in the diagram may look very different to what we conventionally think of as science, but they all contribute to solving the problems facing heritage in today's world. Indeed, the German term 'Wissenschaft' is, we think, a useful way of summarising all the different types/kinds of knowledge needed to help conserve heritage. Wissenschaft is often translated as 'science', but it's a broader and more nuanced concept which includes scientific and non-scientific inquiry under the heading of 'systematic research'.
Coping with complexity: Katrin at Pompeii
Dr Katrin Wilhelm,
Conservation and Heritage Scientist in OxRBL
She used to be a stone mason and is now an expert on the use of non-destructive, field-based methods to diagnose stone deterioration.
She works at many heritage sites, including the Roman ruins of Pompeii, Italy.
One of the OxRBL researchers, Dr Katrin Wilhelm, has worked on the conservation history of Pompeii. To understand the different materials used in the conservation of wall paintings at Pompeii and their long-term performance, she has had to consult historical records, use advanced microscopic techniques developed for geology and materials science, work with archaeologists and talk to microbiologists. No one field of science can provide all the answers, and anyone working on heritage has to be prepared to collaborate with others and step out of their comfort zone.
Pompeii (Italy), Casa del Criptoportico (I, 6, 2) in 2016.
Pompeii (Italy), Casa dell' Ara Massima (VI, 16, 15) in 2016. Discussion between architects, archaeologists, scientists and curators about past, present and future conservation strategies.
Introducing OxRBL and science for heritage conservation
We are a group of scientists from diverse backgrounds who work at the University of Oxford in the Oxford Resilient Buildings and Landscapes Lab (OxRBL). For British Science Week we are posting a series of 5 blog posts to explain who we are, what we do and why, and how we use science to help conserve heritage. The ideas for these blog posts came out of some discussions in our weekly lab group meetings and illustrate the challenges we find applying science to heritage conservation.
But before we start… some introductions are needed.
What IS heritage? And why does it need conserving?
Heritage can be defined as anything that we value beyond everyday use and want to pass on to future generations. It's much more than old buildings and archaeological sites (although these are important too!). Heritage can be both tangible (things we can see and touch such as pottery, shells or murals) and intangible (things we experience such as music and dance). Heritage can be cultural or natural, or a bit of both. Cultural heritage includes objects, buildings and sites created by humans, whereas natural heritage is made up of plants, animals and the physical environment. Heritage can be movable or immovable – things we can collect and put on display somewhere (like artworks) or things that we have to go and visit where they have been created (like mountains). What things do you value and would like to pass on to future generations so that they can enjoy them too?
Heritage needs conserving because there are many threats to all types of heritage – such as climate change, wars, economic and social change, as well as natural processes of decay. The more value we put on heritage, the harder we are prepared to work to conserve it.
Who are OxRBL?
Currently, there are 19 of us in OxRBL ranging in age from 22 to 60, including students, researchers, and three Honorary Research Associates who contribute to our research but who also have jobs elsewhere (in industry or at other universities or research organisations). We come from many different parts of the world – UK, Germany, France, Canada, USA, China, Japan, Ethiopia, and Syria. We have done many different undergraduate degrees including geography, conservation science, chemistry, architecture, geology, art history and archaeology. We come from a diverse range of cultural and religious backgrounds, some of us have caring responsibilities, and some of us have had difficult journeys to get to Oxford. OxRBL is very gender-balanced and we are proud of our LGBTQ+ members. We enjoy challenging stereotypes of what scientists should look like and what scientists should do.
Follow us on twitter Follow @oxrbl
Ammar Azzouz – works for Arup, producing a video on Domicide: the destruction of home.
Blen Taye Gemeda – Doctoral student researching rock-hewn churches, Lalibela, Ethipioa
Dáire Browne – Doctoral student researching laser spectroscopy methods for heritage
Heather Viles – Professor of Biogeomorphology and Heritage Conservation (@Geodiverse)
Hong Zhang – Research Technician in charge of OxRBL's lab and field equipment
Jenny Richards – Doctoral student researching environmental impacts on earthen heritage
Katherine Jang – Doctoral student researching the impacts of moss growing on old walls
Kathryn Royce – Doctoral student researching mineral collections in museums
Katrin Wilhelm – Researcher working on sandstone conservation and other projects
Kenta Sayama – Masters student assisting research on Reigate Stone, Tower of London
Lucie Fusade – works for Rose of Jericho, developed the Use Lime Mortar app
Martin Coombes – Researcher working on biodiversity and heritage conservation
Martin Michette – Doctoral student researching Reigate Stone, Tower of London
Richard Grove – Doctoral student researching sandstone conservation
Sam Woor – Doctoral student researching the history of alluvial fans in Oman
Scott Orr – Lecturer in Heritage Data Science, University College London
Shanlong Yang – works for Dunhuang Academy, China on heritage conservation
Tim Baxter – Doctoral student researching marine life on historic walls
Yinghong Wang – Doctoral student researching sandstone grottoes in NW China
OxRBL and The British Science Week
https://www.britishscienceweek.org
During the British Science Week (6 – 15th March 2020) our lab will be publishing blog posts to introduce ourselves and some core ideas and challenges science tackles in the field of cultural built heritage.
Isle of Portland, investigating limestone using ground penetrating radar (GPR)
OxRBLFollow
Retweet on TwitterOxRBL Retweeted
KW@ka_wilhelm·
The most interesting people from Jordan, Turkey, Australia, Germany, the Philippines, China, the UK, and more countries joined us today at #SXNCH for envisioning a future for sites at the intersection of natural and cultural heritage sites. My head is brimming with joy and ideas!
@shoreshapers@shoreshapers·
Exciting to see #technology meet #biogeomorphology @OxRBL https://twitter.com/Balke_T/status/1334803090491527169
Thorsten Balke@Balke_T
Can accelerometer technology help mangrove restoration? Preprint now online for comments @EGU_HESS https://hess.copernicus.org/preprints/hess-2020-574/ @UofGGES @IUCN_Mangrove @Mangroves @MangroveProject @Vovides1 @cailadd @livingdeltas
I rarely get so overly excited for Monday on a Friday, but this time it's #SXNCH time! We can't wait to be welcoming all the exciting international keynote speakers, facilitators, and presenters. Registration's still open: http://www.sxnch.org @oxrbl @oxfordgeography
OxRBL@OxRBL·
Great to see young people engaging with heritage, joining the discussions and (re)shaping the sector! #YoungPeopleAndHeritage #HeritageDebate
Oxford University Heritage Network@Oxford_Heritage
Such an interesting, inspiring and thought-provoking panel discussion! Thanks to @Heritage_NGOs @EnglishHeritage @AlicePurk and team #YoungPeopleAndHeritage #HeritageDebate
Register for free 👇👇👇to explore the intersection between natural and cultural heritage sites🏞🏯🌳🛕🎍🏛🌍🗿
Martin Michette@MartinMichette
SXNCH your knowledge on 7 & 8 December. Join experts from around the world to share challenges and explore solutions from heritage sites at the intersection of nature and culture. Register for free https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/127307952513
Prof. Heather Viles
Head of School of Geography and the Environment
Professor of Biogeomorphology and Heritage Conservation
Fellow and Tutor at Worcester College, Oxford
Co-Director, EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Science and Engineering in Arts, Heritage, and Archaeology
Email: heather.viles@ouce.ox.ac.uk
Tel: +44 (0)1865 285072 (PA: Jan Burke)
School of Geography and the Environment
South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY
Copyright © 2021 Oxford Resilient Buildings and Landscapes Lab (OxRBL). All Rights Reserved.


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Temenos Banking Software available on Alibaba Cloud to Power Banks' Digital Transformation
Temenos partners with Alibaba Cloud to offer financial institutions scalability, performance, resilience and innovation
Temenos cements its leadership in the cloud delivering its software across all major public cloud providers
Press Releases, September 17, 2020
Geneva, Switzerland and Hangzhou, China, September 17, 2020 – Temenos (SIX: TEMN), the banking software company, and Alibaba Cloud, the digital technology and intelligence backbone of Alibaba Group, today announced that Temenos Transact, its next generation core banking product is now certified on Alibaba Cloud. Financial institutions will be able to run Temenos' mission-critical core banking applications on Alibaba Cloud and benefit from elastic scalability, cost and operational efficiencies. Banks can now easily adopt Temenos' world-leading banking software on the powerful Alibaba Cloud infrastructure.
More than 3,000 financial services institutions around the world leverage Temenos' modern, cloud-native and API-first technology. Banks can now run Temenos' core banking software in Alibaba Cloud and take advantage of the speed to market and agility of the cloud, enabling them to quickly reinvent their business models and their organization as a whole.
The growing demand for cloud-based and SaaS models is being accelerated by the coronavirus pandemic as banks require more resilient and agile technology propositions. Cloud has become the established method of software deployment for smaller banks and neobanks that need to launch quickly with minimal IT infrastructure cost. However, incumbent banks increasingly require cloud-native software to future-proof their business, gain greater speed to market as well as reduce IT complexity and costs.
Temenos' core banking software will now be available on Alibaba Cloud, and the two companies will jointly help banks go to market faster, open up new business models, and achieve industry leading cost/income ratios. The two companies are already engaged in proof of concepts with banks and have joint customers in APAC.
Philip Barnett, Director, Strategic Growth, Temenos, said:
"We are delighted to extend our leadership in the cloud and be the first to certify with Alibaba Cloud, a tech giant and a source of innovation widely recognized for its leadership in e-commerce and mobile payments. Cloud is the enabler for change; and particularly during this challenging climate – it gives financial institutions the agility and the resilience they need. Working with Alibaba Cloud we will help banks to elastically scale based on demand and remove operational complexities. Together we can help new entrants launch faster with lower costs as well as large banks break down silos and collaborate internally and externally, and provide outstanding customer experiences. Our certification on Alibaba Cloud demonstrates that our cloud-agnostic banking platform enables banks to pursue a multi-cloud strategy and have the highest levels of active-active resilience with the cloud provider of their choice."
Lancelot Guo, President of Ecosystem and Sales Operations, Alibaba Cloud Intelligence:
"We are delighted that Temenos has certified on our cloud. Temenos is the market-leading, cloud-native banking software provider accelerating the digital transformation for thousands of worldwide financial institutions. Combined with our comprehensive suite of cloud services, and a proven track record of delivering value, we together boost the capabilities of financial institutions, allowing them to accelerate their growth and innovation on the cloud."
Temenos has been in the forefront of software innovation, consistently investing 20% of its revenues in R&D and is pioneering in cloud banking for the last 10 years. Temenos was the first banking software provider to offer a core banking product in the cloud and the first to offer cloud-to-cloud, active-active multi-cloud resilience to eliminate downtime and dependency on a single cloud provider. Temenos enables banks to significantly reduce their total cost of ownership through elastic cloud scalability, distributed database technology and multi-cloud resilience, all underpinned by the benefits of vendor and platform independence. Temenos accelerates banks digital transformation helping them to become more agile and innovate faster.
Temenos Launches Industry's First AI-Driven Buy-Now-Pay-Later Banking Service on the Temenos Banking Cloud
New Temenos Buy-Now-Pay-Later (BNPL) banking service helps banks and non-banks offer AI-driven variable installment loans to their customers at the point of purchase
Temenos Expands Collaboration with Microsoft to Meet Growing Demand for the Temenos Banking Cloud
Temenos working with Microsoft on SaaS and Green Cloud initiatives in financial services built on Microsoft Azure
Synergy Online
Please join us for Temenos Synergy Online, where we'll be bringing together best-in-class banking executives, thought leaders and industry voices for a jam-packed day of interactive, exclusive content.


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Lyrics Drag Me Down Sheet Music One Direction [ Harry] sheets I' ve got fire for a heart I' m not scared of notes the dark You' drum ve never seen it look so easy I' ve got a river for a soul And baby you' re a boat Baby you' re my only reason [ Louis] If I didn' t have you there would be nothing left The shell of a man that could never be notes drum his best. I have underlined the notes in the higher octave in Green in the version that has letter notes. Little Things sheets is a song by the English- Irish boy band One Direction from their second studio album, Take Me Home ( ). You don' t have to know how to read piano direction chords and piano sheet music in order drum to use kiss this kiss tutorial. How to Play Kiss You by One Direction - Interactive Piano Tutorial. what makes you beautiful stole my heart, everything about you, live while were young, one kiss same mistakes, one thing, more sheets than this, kiss you, up all night, i drum want, save you tonight, gotta be you, taken little things. direction Verse 1] / F# Bb7 drum You gotta help me, I' m losing sheets drum my mind Ebm C# kiss m Keep getting the notes feeling you wanna leave this all behind kiss B I thought we were drum going strong G# m I sheets thought we were holding on. Lyrics Drag Me Down Sheet Music One Direction [ Harry] I' ve direction got fire for a heart sheets I' m one not scared of the dark You' one ve kiss never seen it look so easy I' ve got a river for a soul notes And baby you' re a boat Baby you' re my only reason [ Louis] If I didn' t have you there would be nothing left The shell of. It' s mostly the chorus that goes high.
sheets One Direction direction is the writer notes of this piece of music. Plug one your piano keyboard into a computer or start playing right away direction on your kiss computer keyboard using Easy Mode. Kiss You Chords - One Direction, version ( 1). Below is the sheet music for one Irresistible. So if you like it, just download it here.
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Kiss You" was released on as the third single taken from One Direction' s second studio album, " Take Me Home", released in. It is a pop song, which was written and produced by Rami Yacoub and Carl Falk, with additional contributions from other songwriters.
One Thing Tin Whistle Sheet Music Notes By One Direction Also suitable for the recorder or flute.


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History – Primary Source Analysis
Primary Source Analysis First Step: Introduction 1. What type of source is it? (letter, diary, newspaper article, etc.) 2. Who is the author, and when and where was the source created? Find out about the background of the author, at which time and where s/he was living, to which social group s/he belonged, and whatever else might be relevant to understand the background of the source. Second Step: Summary Summarize the content of the source. Do so as "neutrally" as possible. This isn't the place to evaluate the text or take a position toward the arguments presented in the source. This step exclusively serves to inform the reader of your analysis about the perspective/position presented by the author of the source. Third Step: Evaluation Place the source into its historical context. Do so by thinking about the specific historical circumstances under which the source came into existence. What had happened before the source was created, and how might this have influenced the perspective of the author? Which structures or processes might have been important in shaping the author's opinion on a given topic? Who is the intended audience for this source, and which message does it contain? What kind of style and rhetoric is used, and what is the purpose of those stylistic/rhetoric devices?
Case Study on Information Technology Security
International Relations: Empire and Imperialism
Case Study on Information Technology Security Watch the Information Technology Security for Small Businesses video from the National Institutes of...


Keeping up with compliance requirements under Pennsylvania and federal laws can be challenging enough; however, for Pennsylvania employers that do business in multiple states, the compliance burden can grow exponentially. It is expected that we will see little new federal employment legislation over the next few years. However, the lack of legislative activity in Washington may prompt some state legislatures to place a greater emphasis on employment issues than usual. It already appears that 2018 will yield a bumper crop of new state employment laws across the nation. California, as usual, leads the league in new employment laws with a dozen new state employment laws taking effect on January 1, 2018. Pennsylvania has no new notable employment laws scheduled to take effect; however, as we previously reported, Governor Wolf is aiming to revise overtime regulations under the Pennsylvania Minimum Wage Act. Several of our neighboring states (New Jersey and West Virginia) have no new employment laws taking effect in 2018 – while New York has a number of new laws on the books. Here is a very quick look at new state employment laws taking effect in 2018 among the states that border Pennsylvania.
Paid Family Leave – This law is perhaps the most likely to trip up unwary Pennsylvania employers. Any employer that employs at least one employee in New York for at least 30 days during the calendar year is covered; however, employees are not eligible for benefits until they have worked 26 consecutive weeks (or 175 days of employment for employees who average fewer than 20 hours per week). Eligible employees will be eligible for 8 weeks of paid family leave in 2018 and this entitlement gradually increases to 12 weeks by 2021. Pay during leave is based on a fraction of the state's average weekly wage. Employers may purchase coverage or self-insure. Employees may be charged to cover all or part of the premium via payroll deduction.
Workplace Safety (Smoking) – Effective November 22, 2017, employees are now prohibited from vaping in workplaces (and other public places).
Salary History (New York City Ordinance) – Following suit with the City of Philadelphia, the Big Apple now prohibits covered employers from asking applicants about their salary history and from relying on that history unless the information is offered by the applicant voluntarily. Note: Philadelphia's Ordinance is currently being challenged in federal court and enforcement of the Ordinance has been stayed pending outcome of this litigation.
Salary History – On December 14, 2017, Delaware's law prohibiting employers from seeking an applicant's pay history from current or former employers took effect. Delaware is the third state to pass such legislation, joining California and Massachusetts. As noted above, several cities (including Philadelphia) have passed ordinances with similar requirements.
Data Breach Notifications – Delaware was one of several states to update its laws governing notifications in the event of data breaches (i.e. identity theft prevention). The new requirements take effect April 4, 2018.
Data Breach Notifications – Like Delaware, Maryland has updated its law governing notifications in the event of data breaches. The amendments took effect January 1, 2018.
Paid Sick Leave – Maryland's "Healthy Working Families Act" is scheduled to take effect February 11, 2018; however, recent legislative efforts have been made to delay the effective date until July 2018. Under the law, employees who have completed 106 days of employment and who work at least 12 hours per week are entitled to accrue sick leave at a rate of 1 hour per 30 hours worked – subject to a 40 hour annual cap. For employers with 15 or more employees, the sick leave must be paid. Smaller employers may provide the leave on an unpaid basis. Covered employers are required to maintain records of accrual and usage for at least three years.
Unemployment Insurance – Ohio's law governing unemployment insurance has been amended effective January 1, 2018 to require employers to submit quarterly wage and contribution reports electronically.
We hope that this quick summary is helpful. If you have questions, please contact any member of our Labor and Employment Law Practice Group.


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The Theatre of Science
August 29, 2007 By urbanora in Business, Cinemas, People, Production, Publications	1 Comment
The Theatre of Science – hard to imagine a general guide to the cinema having such a title nowadays. But Robert Grau's The Theatre of Science: A Volume of Progress and Achievement in the Motion Picture Industry was published in 1914, when cinema was seen as a home of knowledge as much as place of entertainment (at least among commentators), a product of science and a technical achievement par excellence.
Grau's book, published in a limited edition of 3,000, has become a standard reference source for the early cinema period. It provides an extraordinary amount of detail on the history and development of motion pictures in America to 1914 – their technological, economic, social and artistic changes, and the key events and personalities involved. Grau (a theatrical agent) was witness to much of the history he describes, and if his understanding of the development of the pictures towards the ideal of the theatre, he was a keen observer who provides hugely useful factual information on histories such as the rise of the nickelodeons and the emergence of a film trade press which scarcely exist elsewhere. He champions the names of pioneers of the industry who would otherwise be forgotten, the run-of-the-mill performers as well as the stars, and the book is rich in portrait photographs. It has much information on the leading and not so leading film companies of the period, and is at all points particularly interested in the business of making pictures. It is thrilled with how motion pictures were made, sold and exhibited, and for that enthusiasm alone it is strongly recommended.
It's available from the Internet Archive in DjVu (21MB), PDF (66MB), b/w PDF (23MB) and TXT (711KB) formats, and it's been added to the Bioscope Library.


By pressing Ctrl Alt on the item with chat enabled you are able to send it to some friend. In Path of Exile isn't exchange gold. It's exchanged an item for item or orbs. The primary currency... The site constantly consumes Path of Exile's Public stash tab API, keeping track of all relevant items for sale. The data is analyzed and aggregated to approximate exchange rates between currencies and prices of items.
3/01/2019 · Path of Exile is a free online-only action RPG under development by Grinding Gear Games in New Zealand.
9/01/2014 · Path of Exile is a free online-only action RPG under development by Grinding Gear Games in New Zealand.


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Trailer for New Documentary Proves Chris Brown Feels Really Bad for Chris Brown
Apr 18, 2016 @ 10:27 am By Molly Mulshine
If you ever wanted to see a bunch of your favorite celebrities talk about how amazing and misunderstood Chris Brown is, this new trailer is just the thing.
The troubled singer is releasing a documentary called "Welcome to My Life," and the first trailer for it just hit the internet. The clip focuses on two things: how amazing Chris Brown is, and how hard it was for him to deal with the media fallout after he brutally assaulted his former girlfriend, Rihanna.
It's difficult to say what's more sickening about the clip: the fact that Chris Brown has made beating his girlfriend all about him or the fact that A-listers like J. Lo and Jamie Foxx are willing to go on the record talking about how amazing he is.
Perhaps most surprising of all is J. Lo's presence — and just a week after she released a song written by fellow accused woman abuser Dr. Luke. We'll give her the benefit of the doubt and assume she's just clueless/tragically un-woke and this is all a coincidence. But really, someone on her team with WiFi access needs to step in and stop her from standing by these men. What does she even have to gain by appearing in a Chris Brown documentary???
Definitely the most crass moment of all, though, is when they use what appears to be voiceover from Rihanna's Oprah interview to prove Brown's case. Rihanna can be heard saying, "He made that mistake because he needed help," while footage of her posing on the red carpet is shown. We can't be sure whether Rihanna actually appears in the documentary because we haven't seen the whole thing, but recycling this quote, which is taken entirely out of context, seems like a pretty shady tactic designed to make it seem like she is actively stumping for Chris.
Now, obviously forgiveness is a good thing, love the sinner, hate the sin, etc. — but the fact that Chris Brown is apparently using an entire documentary to make his abuse of Rihanna all about him just proves he's learned nothing. Watch the video below and try not to puke up your breakfast.
About The Author: Molly Mulshine
Molly Mulshine got her start covering local politics before working at Business Insider and the New York Observer. Follow her on Twitter: @mollymulshine


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5%80°65°Night - Partly cloudy. Winds from S to SSE. The overnight low will be 63 °F (17.2 °C).Partly cloudy with a high of 81 °F (27.2 °C). Winds variable at 2 to 7 mph (3.2 to 11.3 kph).
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Ronit Eisenbach
Professor and Director of Creative Placemaking
Home / Ronit Eisenbach
Ronit Eisenbach is an architect, artist, curator, and educator whose scholarship and multi-disciplinary spatial practice aims to engage others in dialogue about the world we make for ourselves. Combining art, design and architecture, she explores how the perception of subjective, invisible and ephemeral objects affects understanding and experience of place. Eisenbach has exhibited worldwide, collaborating with artists, architects, designers, composers and choreographers. Her in situ installations and performances target sites and communities-in-flux have been celebrated in a variety of journals and publications including The Washington Post, The Journal of Architectural Education and the Public Art Review. She is the co-author of Installations by Architects and Ruth Adler Schnee: A Passion for Color. She serves as Professor of Architecture at the University of Maryland, lead curator of the University of Maryland's Kibel Gallery. www.studiored.com and Director of the Maryland Creative Placemaking Collaborative.
Born in Tel Aviv, raised in the Penn South Coop in Chelsea, New York City, Eisenbach earned a BFA and BArch from the Rhode Island School of Design and a MArch from the Cranbrook Academy of Art. A licensed architect, she is a Professor of Architecture at the University of Maryland School of Architecture, Planning, & Preservation, founding Curator of the Kibel Gallery, founding Director of the National Center for Smart Growth's Maryland Creative Placemaking Collaborative, and affiliate faculty member of UMD's Theatre, Dance and Performance Studies. Her scholarship and spatial practice seek to stimulate dialogue about the world we make for ourselves. Through her installations and exhibitions, she explores how the perception of subjective, invisible and ephemeral objects affects understanding and experience of place. Eisenbach is a fellow of the Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation, MacDowell Colony, Virginia Center for the Creative Arts + the Center for Creative Research. Eisenbach has designed environments, curated exhibitions and created installations for venues in the US and abroad including: The Detroit Institute of Arts, Princeton University, The Cranbrook Art Museum, and the streets of Tel Aviv. Co-author of the book, "Installations by Architects" + co-designer/curator of "Ruth Adler Schnee: A Passion for Color," presented during the 2011 Venice Biennale, Eisenbach's design work is recognized with awards from the AIA, ACSA and ID magazine. Her interest in the shared territory of architecture and dance has led to collaborations with choreographers Peter Sparling, Dana Reitz, Bebe Miller, and Sharon Mansur. Eisenbach is a fellow of the Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation, MacDowell Colony, Virginia Center for the Creative Arts + the Center for Creative Research. In Montgomery county she has collaborated with MHP, Arts on the Block, the Long Branch Business League, the YMCA, and her students and local residents in Long Branch and Quebec Terrace.
rze@umd.edu
Architecture Program University of Maryland


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Ryan Giggs says Gareth Bale could decide Champions League final
Posted by Steven Tan | Source from Sky Sports
Ryan Giggs says Gareth Bale can make the difference in Saturday's Champions League final between Liverpool and Real Madrid.
Bale has been limited to just three starts on Real's road to Kiev but the Wales manager has backed the 28-year-old to be a match-winner despite a difficult season.
Speaking as part of the Super 6 Class of '92 Diary, Giggs said: "Every time he is involved, he makes a difference. He can do special things and has scored a lot of goals. He is someone who is very hard to defend against as he can score all types of goals.
Ryan Giggs insists Gareth Bale is capable of deciding the Champions League final for Real Madrid v Liverpool on Sunday.
"Of course Real have a lot of good players but, from my point of view, Bale would always be in my starting team."
Bale will be competing in his fourth Champions League final in five years, and Giggs believes that a Real Madrid triumph can only be good for Welsh football.
He added: "It would be amazing if Real Madrid do it. It is great for Gareth, but also for Wales to have somebody representing the country, and somebody who has won so much."
Salah's point to prove
The Kiev showdown will pit Mohamed Salah against Cristiano Ronaldo but former Manchester United winger Giggs says it is premature to compare the two star performers.
Ex-Manchester United winger Ryan Giggs says it is premature to compare Mohamed Salah to Cristiano Ronaldo.
"You can't ignore this season has been huge for Salah. He's been a match-winner and he's had a great season," Giggs said.
"But he has some way to go. He's proved what he is capable of, and he's matched those two players (Ronaldo and Lionel Messi) in terms of performances and goals this season, but you're talking about two players who have done it for 10 years, consistently scoring goals, and, in particular, big goals.
Don't compare Salah to Ronaldo yet, says Ryan Giggs
"You talk about Ronaldo and Messi, they've done it on the big occasion. Between them, they've scored in various Champions League finals and been the difference. So to be talked about in the same breath as Ronaldo and Messi, he has to do it for a prolonged period.
"To be regarded as one of those really big players, you have to be winning the big trophies. You have to score in the big games, and it doesn't come any bigger than the Champions League final."
Real slight favourites
Liverpool were undefeated at Anfield in Europe and the Premier League in 2017/18 but the Welshman thinks the neutral venue could just tip the tie in Real's favour.
Real Madrid's experience makes them narrow Champions League final favourites, says Ryan Giggs.
"It is difficult to split them," Giggs added. "But a lot of Liverpool's success this year in the Champions League has come from being at home, at Anfield.
"It is a 50-50 game but, with the final being at a neutral venue in Kiev, I think if I had to choose, with Real Madrid's experience, I would say they're slight favourites."
Related keywords: Gareth Bale, Ryan Giggs, UEFA Champions League, Real Madrid, Liverpool, Mohamed Salah, Cristiano Ronaldo


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Melbourne – Gateway to Victoria's world-class wineries, exotic springs and more.
Melbourne is the 2nd largest city in Australia with a population nearing the 5 million mark. It is known as the sporting capital of Australia, hosting Australian Open (tennis), F1 racing, the Melbourne Cup and many other sporting events.
3 Spooky Ghost Tours to do in Melbourne
Founded by free settlers from the British Crown colony of Van Diemen's Land on 30 August 1835, in what was then the colony of New South Wales, it was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837. It was named "Melbourne" by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. It was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria, to whom Lord Melbourne was close, in 1847, after which it became the capital of the newly founded colony of Victoria in 1851. During the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the world's largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it served as the nation's interim seat of government until 1927. Additionally, it was the host city of the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
Melbourne rates highly in education, entertainment, health care, research and development, tourism and sport, making it the world's most liveable city—for the seventh year in a row in 2017, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit. It is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region, and ranks among the top 30 cities in the world in the Global Financial Centres Index. Referred to as Australia's "cultural capital", it is the birthplace of Australian impressionism, Australian rules football, the Australian film and television industries, and Australian contemporary dance. It is recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a major centre for street art, music and theatre. It is home to many of Australia's largest and oldest cultural institutions such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground, the National Gallery of Victoria, the State Library of Victoria and the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building.
The main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport (also called Tullamarine Airport), the second busiest in Australia. The Port of Melbourne is Australia's busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo. Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the main regional train and coach terminus is Southern Cross Station. Melbourne is also home to Australia's most extensive freeway network and has the world's largest urban tram network.
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Travel to the Great Ocean Road.
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Moomba (also known as the Moomba Festival) is held annually in Melbourne, Australia. Run by the City of Melbourne, it is Australia's largest free community festival, and a Melbournian tradition dating back half a century. The event is celebrated over four days, incorporating the Labour Day long weekend, from Friday to the second Monday in March. Moomba is culturally important to Melbourne, having been celebrated since 1955, and regularly attracts up to a million people, with a record attendance of 1.7 million set in 1996..
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text:
Q: how to change decimal value (money) to string Value (money) on c# i just want to convert decimal value to string value
for example  :
1.686.23
ONE MILION SIX HUNDRED EIGHTY SIX THOUSAND ...
how can i do it can you suggest an algorithm or example
many thanks for your helps...

A: user this method to get the string from numbers, it is working without the fraction (will not return 3.5 => three and half )
  public static string NumberToWords(int number)

{
    if (number == 0)
        return "zero";

    if (number < 0)
        return "minus " + NumberToWords(Math.Abs(number));

    string words = "";

    if ((number / 1000000) > 0)
    {
        words += NumberToWords(number / 1000000) + " million ";
        number %= 1000000;
    }

    if ((number / 1000) > 0)
    {
        words += NumberToWords(number / 1000) + " thousand ";
        number %= 1000;
    }

    if ((number / 100) > 0)
    {
        words += NumberToWords(number / 100) + " hundred ";
        number %= 100;
    }

    if (number > 0)
    {
        if (words != "")
            words += "and ";

        var unitsMap = new[] { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "eleven", "twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen" };
        var tensMap = new[] { "zero", "ten", "twenty", "thirty", "forty", "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety" };

        if (number < 20)
            words += unitsMap[number];
        else
        {
            words += tensMap[number / 10];
            if ((number % 10) > 0)
                words += "-" + unitsMap[number % 10];
        }
    }

    return words;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Here get the detailed information about the warranty of magnetic drilling machines and beveling machines.
This page consists of the spare part list for magnetic drilling machines, user manuals for magnetic drilling machines, spare part list for beveling machines and user manuals for beveling machines.
Choose the model of the machine and click to open and download the respective spare part lists and user manuals.
All BDS Magnetic drilling machines and Edge processing machines comes with 1 year international warranty. Customers and users can always contact BDS Maschinen, with personalised advice from competent experts and fast parts replacement service.


text:
Q: Adding property to a json object in C# I'm trying to add a property to a json object, which are not root of the json.
example is below.
{
    'isFile' : 'true',
    'Values' : {
        'valueName1': 'value1',
        'valueName2': 'value2',
        'valueName3': 'value3',
    }
}

after the operation, i want the json file to look like below.
{
    'isFile' : 'true',
    'Values' : {
        'valueName1': 'value1',
        'valueName2': 'value2',
        'valueName3': 'value3',
        'valueName4': 'value4'
    }
}

I have gotten to the point where I can access Values property through below code.
Where do I go next?
JObject appSettings = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<JObject>(jsonString);
string values = appSettings["Values"].ToString();

any help?
*Edit
I'm trying to edit values section for local.settings.json file for azure app function in Visual Studio.

A: you can do it with a dynamic object
        dynamic obj = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<ExpandoObject>(jsonString);
        obj.Values.valueName4 = "value4";
        System.Console.WriteLine(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(obj));


The category Banded Swirls and Coreless Swirls tends to be used interchangeably. These are swirls that have an outer layer of bands or strands, but no inner core. If the outer layer appears to be evenly spaced, subsurface, and of a type usually found as the outer layer of other types of swirls, then they are usually termed coreless. If the outer layer is on the surface, irregular in spacing and band width, and not the type of outer layer typically seen on a swirl, then they are termed banded. They tend to lack the pizazz of other types of swirls and are valued lower. Coreless swirls, as opposed to banded swirls, tend to carry somewhat more value.
Banded and Coreless Swirls are found with colored base glass (usually blue or green), about as often as they are found in clear. There is not much difference in value between the different colors.
Joseph's Coat Swirls (below) are a specialized variety of banded swirls. If the bands are very thin and packed closely together, then it is a Joseph's Coat swirl. Otherwise, it is a Banded Swirl.
Click on any image below to display a full-screen version of it.
Joseph's Coat Swirls are swirls that have an outer layer of glass that is composed of variously colored similar-width complete strands, packed very closely together.
Better examples have no clear spaces in between the strands. Some examples do have clear spaces, In some cases, these appear to be part of the design. There are usually some strands in the inner core that can be seen through the spaces. Generally, the more colors in the marble, the more valuable it is.
Joseph's Coat Swirls have either dark, earthy colors or bright English- style colors. The base glass of a Joseph's Coat can either be clear or colored. The outer layer can be Swirl type (bands and strands) or End of Day type (stretched flecks of glass).
There are several types of swirls that are specialized examples of banded or coreless swirls.
A Gooseberry Swirl is a transparent glass swirl with equidistantly spaced white subsurface strands. The base glass is usually honey amber. There are also marbles with base glass that is green, clear or blue. These are much rarer than the amber.
A Caramel Swirl is a marble with a dark transparent brown base glass and opaque white bands or swirls in it. Some examples have mica in them. These are rarer than those without mica.
Custard Swirls and Butterscotch Swirls have wide translucent brown/pink strands on the surface. Custard Swirls have a semi-opaque creamy yellow base. Butterscotch Swirls have a semi-opaque creamy brown-yellow base.
Cornhusk Swirls are a light transparent honey yellow glass with a single wide white band. They are more common than the miscellaneous swirls discussed above.
A Peppermint Swirl is another specific type of banded swirl that has subsurface bands.
The marble has two wide opaque white bands, alternating with two thinner translucent blue bands. There are usually two or three transparent pink stripes on each white band.
Less common are marbles with a single transparent pink stripe on each white band. Some marbles exist that have two pink bands, which are the same width as the two blue bands. These are called "beach ball" and are much rarer than the other types. There have also been a few marbles found with an odd number of pink bands (three or five). These are rare.
Marbles with mica in the blue bands are very rare. There have also been some marbles found with a blue strand in one of the pink strands or with a green strand in the blue band. These are also very rare, but do not command any higher value.


Welcome! I have had many requests for copies of my articles and for audio recordings of lectures I have given in various settings. The main purpose of this site is to make the process of obtaining these copies easier for you and me. You can browse through the listings and if you find a topic that interests you, you can download the article or the audio recording. Feel free to share the copies with anyone who is interested. I appreciate your interest and I hope that you find my ideas and suggestions thought-provoking and helpful.
I welcome your comments and I will do my best to respond by email. If you are having any technical difficulties with my website or if you find any typos, likewise inform me via email (comments@drsorotzkin.com).
I would suggest that you read the excellent and bold columns The Role of Parents and Beginning the Healing Process by Dr. Benzion Sorotzkin s'hlita …. His columns, available on his website, www.DrSorotzkin.com, should be required reading for all parents in our community. Dr. Sorotzkin is an accomplished talmid chacham, as a review of his brilliant columns on Bechira and The Pursuit of Perfection will reveal. He is also, in my opinion, one of the top frum, clinical psychologists in the world. Dr. Sorotzkin has helped many hundreds of frum children regain their footing and resume the path to successful lives. His eloquent words ought to be taken very seriously.
In over 35 years of doing psychotherapy with adolescents and young adults in the frum community, I have shared in the pain of many patients and their families.
From these experiences and with a great deal of Seyayta Deshmaya I have developed insights into the way emotional disorders are most often manifested in the frum community. I am sharing these insights with the hope that this will increase the level of understanding of emotional disorders among sufferers and their families. More importantly, I hope that these insights will lead to prevention.
The currently popular approach is to see emotional disorders as primarily biological and genetic in nature ("emotional disorders are no different than diabetes or asthma"). This is motivated, in part, by the desire to reduce stigma. Besides the fact that research shows that biological explanations actually increase stigma it also makes parents feel helpless to prevent their children's emotional disorders.
I will try to demonstrate that, in fact, there is a great deal parents can do to prevent emotional and behavioral disorders in their children. This should make parents feel empowered. Unfortunately, some parents see this as "being blamed" and they therefore feel compelled to reject the notion that they have anything to do with their children's emotional difficulties. While this may help them avoid feelings of guilt it also strips them of their powerful influence to prevent and repair their children's emotional distress.
A wise mother once told me that she hopes that her son's emotional disorder is the result of her mistakes. This way there is hope that she can help him by correcting her mistakes. She rather be at fault with a course of action than be blameless with no hope for a cure.
One of the common features of frum youngsters with emotional disorders is a distortion of basic tenets of yiddishkeit. While these distorted beliefs are not the cause of the disorders, they do help to maintain the disorders. We will explore the root causes of these distortions and bring sources that delineate the Torah-true hashkafah on these topics.
Since I am, for the most part, addressing my words to a frum audience, I do not consider it necessary to spell out the basic tenets of Yiddishkeit. I assume that my readers are well aware of the importance of learning Torah and keeping the mitzvos etc. When I discuss the possible limitations to the obligation of kibud av v'eim for abusive parents, for example, I'm assuming that the reader is well aware of the importance of this mitzvah so I don't belabor that point. Likewise, when I write about the emotional damage that can result from feeling unduly pressured to learn perfectly, I would hope readers will not assume that it must be that I don't appreciate the importance of learning. Sadly, that was the reaction I got from one reader of my articles, who concluded that if I say that parents shouldn't force their children to learn or daven it must be that I don't value those activities sufficiently. I would have hoped that it would have been clear from the articles that it is specifically because I highly value these activities that I warn against pressuring children to be involved in them in a manner that will create negative associations to these activities.
Most frum people are aware of the importance of discipline and structure in a child's life. If I write about the danger of too much discipline and structure I don't find it necessary to stress the importance of discipline since I assume that that is well-known to my readers, rather I am emphasizing the need for balance. It is impossible for parents to strike the right balance when they are only aware of the dangers of too little discipline while being unaware of the danger of too much discipline.
Rav Pam related to a group of mechanchim how in his early years as a rebbi a student once came late to class. The student gave some excuse and added: "I can even bring a note from my parents." Rav Pam responded: "You already told me what happened, why do you need to bring me a note?" Rav Pam told the mechanchim: "In truth, I wasn't sure if he told me the truth, but I couldn't let him feel that I don't trust him." Most teachers would be much more focused on their fear that the student will feel he put one over on the teacher. They probably wouldn't even consider the harm that distrusting their student would cause. Rav Pam, the master mechanech, was obviously sensitive to both issues and ruled that enhancing the rebbi – talmid relationship takes precedence over protecting the rebbi's ego or image.
I am not suggesting that giving precedent to preserving the parent or rebbi/child relationship is always the correct answer, but I am suggesting that it always has to be considered. If that is the aspect that is given the most emphases in my articles, it's because I find that many parents and teachers are unaware of the major role that relationship plays in success in chinuch.
 ספר מורה צדק עמ' קט'-קי.
© 2019 Dr. Benzion Sorotzkin, Psy. D.


Jorge Salas loves a challenge.
That's probably why he's spent the bulk of his career helping companies grow.
Salas has been president and CEO of Banesco USA since 2014, but his career with the bank began years before. Previously, as head of Banesco Panama, Salas expanded the brand in Panama and established offices in the Dominican Republic and Colombia.
Banesco USA recently celebrated one of its most successful quarters, with total assets reaching $1.25 billion for the nine months ended Sept. 30. The bank also reported huge gains in net income, loans and deposits during the third quarter. With plans to begin 2019 with a new branch in Aventura, Banesco USA intends to see even more growth in the new year.
Salas sat down with the Business Journal to talk about his background, banking, and a career that's taken him from Venezuela to South Florida.