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Captain's B'log
Tag Archives: Cyborgs
September 25, 2009 · 10:29 am
Cyborg Bugs, or, Skynet Part 4
This came across my desk this morning (thanks to bureau of information gathering).
The creation of a cyborg insect army has just taken a step closer to reality. A research team at UC Berkeley recently announced that it has successfully implanted electrodes into a beetle allowing scientists to control the insect's movements in flight.
"We demonstrated the remote control of insects in free flight via an implantable radioequipped miniature neural stimulating system."
The research, supported by the Pentagon's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, is part of a broader effort which has been looking specifically at different approaches to implanting micro-mechanical systems into insects in order to control their movements.
Eventually, the mind-controlled insects could be used to "serve as couriers to locations not easily accessible to humans or terrestrial robots," they note.
Now, I'm not usually one to pander to conspiracy theories on this blog, but this does seems to have the very recognisable imprint of a certain insidious multinational conglomerate out to destroy humankind through robotic devices (otherwise known as Terminators).
Don't you think?
Filed under Film, Random
Tagged as conspiracy theory, Cyborgs, Science Fiction, Skynet
Lightning Fast Robotic Hand
Scared, anyone?
Resemble anything vaguely familiar from Science Fiction?
Paul Krugman talks SF
Autocorrecting your spreadsheet is bad enough, imagine HAL9000 in charge of autocorrecting your spreadsheet?
Paul Krugman, whose column I read at the NY Times, was recently in conversation with SF author Charlie Stross in Montreal.
It's a unique discussion, not least because it involves a dismal scientist trying to bridge the gap with a fictional scientist.
There's a lot of interesting questions raised, like why the rate of technological change hasn't been able to match the predictions of SF classics like Arthur C. Clarke's 2001, William Gibson's Neuromancer, and Greg Bear's Blood Music.
Says Krugman:
What you came out believing if you went to the New York's World Fair in 1964 was that we were going to have this enormously enhanced mastery of the physical universe. That we were going to have undersea cities and supersonic transports everywhere.
And there hasn't been that kind of dramatic change.
My favorite test, which shows something about me, is the kitchen. If you walked into a kitchen from the 1950's it would look a little pokey, but you'd know what to do. It wouldn't be that difficult. If someone from the 1950's walked into a kitchen from 1909 they'd be pretty unhappy – they might just be able to manage. If someone from 1909 went to one from 1859, you would actually be hopeless.
The big change was really between 1840 and the 1920's, in terms of what the physical nature of modern life is like. There's been nothing like that since.
And Stross on Genomics:
They have sequenced quite a few mammalian and other genomes and it's getting cheaper all the time.
Craig Venter came up with an interesting project a couple of years ago to sequence the Pacific Ocean. If you have a bucket of seawater, it contains probably on the order of a billion organisms most of which are viruses, probably single virus particles in that bucket from a number of species. It turns out when they did shotgun sequencing on a bucket of seawater 98% of the genes they discovered were hitherto unknown. About 90% of those unknown genes were from viruses and we have no idea what the host organisms of them were…basically, viral soup.
There's a lot of stuff we don't know about how the genome works. It's not, as was widely thought in the 50's and 60's, a blueprint. It's more like a very very messy snapshot of a running computer program.
I wonder if they got a few floating genes from Moby-Dick in that bucket? That would explain why the sequencing went haywire.
And on my favourite hobbyhorse, AI, augmented intelligence, and general crackpot conspiracies:
PK: We've gone for augmented intelligence, not artificial intelligence.
PK: And it's the weirdest thing – by finding the eigenvector with the largest eigenvalue you end up in effect doing a computer meld of many peoples' intelligence without knowing it.
CS: Actually, Amazon is very big on human intelligence emulating AI. They have a system called the Mechanical Turk where they pay people piecework to do basic tasks and farm them out using the network and if you want to throw money at a problem, you can find a hundred thousand pairs of eyes to work on it if you can divide it up suitably.
PK: Whatever the algorithm that Amazon uses to make recommendations…
CS: That scares me.
Scares me too. If you want to read on, here's the full transcript.
Tagged as Cyborgs, Paul Krugman, Science Fiction
August 4, 2009 · 11:58 am
Smart Machines, or, Skynet Part 3
It's time to continue my series of informative posts about the imminent extinction of humanity.
It's genocide people, and it's not going to be caused by climate change, or a nuclear holocaust (though a nuclear war could be a flow-on effect). No, it's going to be caused by machines; machines that we have built, nursed, and educated, that will at last turn on us, like Dr Frankenstein's monster, and destroy us.
I know that most of you probably think that human-killing robots (aka terminators) are the stuff of science fiction. They're about as realistic as Arnie's cameo in Terminator: Salvation, right? I mean, we've got far more pressing issues to worry about: economic meltdown, rising sea levels, terrorists obtaining dirty WMDs, Pakistan vs India, North Korea, even Iran. Isn't that right? Wrong.
Let's me draw your attention to an excellent article that recently appeared in the NY Times:
A robot that can open doors and find electrical outlets to recharge itself. Computer viruses that no one can stop. Predator drones, which, though still controlled remotely by humans, come close to a machine that can kill autonomously.
Impressed and alarmed by advances in artificial intelligence, a group of computer scientists is debating whether there should be limits on research that might lead to loss of human control over computer-based systems that carry a growing share of society's workload, from waging war to chatting with customers on the phone.
As examples, the scientists pointed to a number of technologies as diverse as experimental medical systems that interact with patients to simulate empathy, and computer worms and viruses that defy extermination and could thus be said to have reached a "cockroach" stage of machine intelligence.
The researchers generally discounted the possibility of highly centralized superintelligences. But they agreed that robots that can kill autonomously are either already here or will be soon.
A number of things can be gleaned from this article:
science has made rapid advancements that most of us are not aware of
scientists, the very people who have made these advancements, are concerned enough to consider limiting themselves (and hence, doing themselves out of a job).
mechanical intelligence may already have passed the point of no return.
These insidious developments in robotics are taking place right under our very noses – in publicly and privately owned laboratories around the world. We jabber on endlessly about health care, financial regulation, and even the environment, when none of these things will exist after the machines are finished with us.
How can this approaching tsunami be stopped? Put simply, it can't.
The development of AI is a business, and businesses are notoriously uninterested in fundamental safeguards — especially philosophic ones. A few quick examples: the tobacco industry, the automotive industry, the nuclear industry. Not one of these has said from the outset that fundamental safeguards are necessary, every one of them has resisted externally imposed safeguards, and none has accepted an absolute edict against ever causing harm to humans.
That's a quote from Robert Sayer, SF Author (and prophet), which can be traced back to that eminently reliable website Wikipedia.
But it's a good point that Sayer makes. Research into artificial intelligence is as natural to capitalism (late capitalism to be precise) as breathing oxygen is to us human beings. The catastrophe that Marx foresaw (but was unable to name), the contradiction that he argued would destroy capital from within, will not be a global financial collapse, but the literal destruction of our society by our technological servants. It will be thus be same cultural logic that gave rise to steam engines, motor cars, computers, and nuclear weapons, that is, instrumental rationality, which will come into its own and, having liberated ghost from shell, will at last annihilate we who gave birth to it. It will be the Industrial Revolution Part 2.
But what of Issac Asimov, I hear you cry, and his 3 Laws of Robotics:
A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
A robot must obey any orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law
Such constraints are well and good in theory, but only if you believe that robots will remain restricted to what is programmable, which I think is naive. What if the scientists and the IT nerds are wrong: that's what I want to know. What if we are on the cusp of a highly centralized superintelligence? Has anyone prepared for such an event? Has the US Army been stockpiling EMP grenades?
I think it will be important to remember, when the Singularity does arrives, that Vernor Vinge got there first:
Let an ultraintelligent machine be defined as a machine that can far surpass all the intellectual activities of any any man however clever. Since the design of machines is one of these intellectual activities, an ultraintelligent machine could design even better machines; there would then unquestionably be an "intelligence explosion," and the intelligence of man would be left far behind.
I urge you to read his treatise on The Coming Technological Singularity in full. It's frightening food for thought. And he wrote it back in 93!
I hardly need point out the prescience of The Matrix. And, if you've ever wondered how Neo's world got to so messed up, you ought to consider the far better accompanying series The Animatrix, which eschews feel-good messages and goes right for the viewer's jugular, depicting humanity's demise with cold candour. The machines of course have a different name for humanity's downfall: they call it the Second Renaissance.
If you haven't seen the below documentary, it's compulsory viewing. It ain't science fiction; it's a documentary sent back from the future, to warn us. (If you're listening to this, you are the resistance.)
I won't stop banging on about this. Not until the world wakes up….WAKE UP!
Tagged as conspiracy theory, Cyborgs, Skynet, the internet
Flight of the Conchords know about Skynet
You got to love the Flight of the Conchords.
They're funny, sure, but more importantly, they're prescient.
Now, have I not been saying for some time (here, here, and here) that the machines are on the rise and that this is something we should all be SERIOUSLY worried about?
It seems they agree. Check it out: a song from a human-eradicated-future. Binary solo!
Tagged as conspiracy theory, Cyborgs, Flight of the Conchords, Skynet
Muleborg
What is this? Why is it on this blog? Why do I find it one of the most disturbing things I have ever seen?
Tagged as Cyborgs, Randomness
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Nafite: Now a Betty Blocks' Premium Partner
Dennis Stoelwinder on September, 1, 2021
They develop new products, are masters in using the Betty Blocks platform and have a team of enthusiastic experts on board. We're very proud to introduce Nafite as our new Premium Partner!
In just a year and a half, the team of Nafite have become Betty Blocks experts, with a lot of experience in developing advanced solutions. "We started with just two of us, but now we work with eight colleagues who are all certified. We work on innovative applications for clients, but we also like to develop our own solutions that we can link to existing platforms, or with which we can replace these platforms flexibly," founder Timon van den Berg explains.
Link for Shopify
One of the solutions Nafite developed was for Karhu, an international shoe brand. Recently the organization switched from Magento to Shopify and launched twelve e-commerce environments (to ensure the best customer experience in terms of language, currency, etc.), in different places around the world. These individual environments supported international growth, but a clear overview was lacking. The Nafite team solved this by connecting the shops, using the Betty Blocks platform. "Using the application we've developed with Betty Blocks, our colleagues at Karhu can manage all shops from one central point," Timon says. "They can also determine the rates, enter global discount codes and use a central database that also runs a Power BI solution."
The choice for a no-code platform
Johan discovered the benefits of low-code and no-code a few years ago. He saw an opportunity and immersed himself in various platforms. Betty Blocks came out best because of the platform's accessibility and endless possibilities. He immediately rang Timon - who was traveling the world at the time - about the opportunity that was right in front of them. As soon as Timon returned to Dutch soil, they started working with the Betty Blocks platform. With great success: Nafite may now call themselves Premium Partner.
Application for BSB's distribution processes
Nafite's goal? Timon and Johan expect to keep growing the business in the coming years and find more Betty Blocks-developers who are keen to work on international projects, or, for example, the tool they recently developed for BSB. This is the largest drinks distribution point in The Netherlands, from where mainly craft beers are traded. BSB is responsible for around 7% of the entire Dutch market. Dozens of trucks filled with empty bottles from various breweries arrive at the distribution centre every day, and sorting and registering these bottles used to be a largely manual process. Thanks to the application that Nafite developed with the Betty Blocks platform, the process has been digitalized completely. BSB now knows exactly how many return shipments came in and what can be collected by the breweries.
Reynen Court - the global platform accelerating the deployment of legal technology in law firms - and Citizen Development platform Betty Blocks join forces in a newly announced partnership. The aim is to enable law firms and corporate legal...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Posted bykatymadgwick 30th Jul 2021 Posted inUncategorizedTags:#cycling, #olympics, #remcoevenepoel, #tokyo2020, #vanvleuten, #woutvanaert
The final events on the road would see a small but perfectly formed field of 39 men and 25 women take on a long, undulating course against the clock. The distance was 44.2km for the men and 22.1km for the women, taking place over a lap (or two) concluding, as in the road race, on the Fuji International Speedway track. Yet despite the diminutive numbers, the race would be epitomised by stories of redemption: cycling is full of characters, and some of the protagonists were about to take centre stage.
There were some who chose to focus all their energies on the event; undisputed time trial machine and reigning World Champion, Italian Fillippo Ganna began his Olympic campaign on the road before he would double up on the track; Australian Rohan Dennis, too, foregoing his place in the road race too in order to focus on the individual event.
Many of the riders were competing in both road race and time trial though, and some, such as silver medallist Wout van Aert, who worked tirelessly and without assistance just two days previously, would undoubtedly be carrying tired legs coming into the race. In the women's race, the Dutch pairing of Annemiek van Vleuten and Anna van der Breggen would seek to overturn the relative disappointment of their team performance on the road.
The startlist was curated to maximise excitement, with the favourites going off last. Yet some stories worth telling from the day didn't revolve around challenging for medals: the first competitor off the runway for the women was Masomah Ali Zada. Originally from Afghanistan, she sought asylum from the political unrest there in 2017 and was able to secure a scholarship to compete in the sport she loved, but was abused for taking part in when she was living at home. She raced for the Olympic Refugee Team and made history in the process as the first female Afghan cyclist to compete in the Games.
The course was challenging, with no flat sections outside of the finishing strait, and with a steep climb around 9km in, the strongest riders were able to make their mark. Of the early starters, two Canadians – Karol-Ann Canuel and Leah Kirchmann – filled the top two places at the early intermediate split.
Present also were two from the break that went on to prove successful for Anna Kiesenhofer in the road race, Anna Plictha and Omar Shapiro, and with all eyes on her, the USA's Chloe Dygert. A time trial specialist, Dygert won the World Championships in 2019 in Yorkshire, riding what many deemed a perfect race despite horrendous conditions, then she crashed in the 2020 World Championships. Despite only just returning to competition off the back of the injuries she sustained there, Dygert was still one of the hot favourites for the title.
At the business end of the race, Great Britain's Anna Shackley hit the top of the leaderboard and remained there for all of ten seconds until she was deposed by Canuel and moments later, Australia's Sarah Gigante stole the top spot. Times aren't important when it comes to making history though; Masoumah Ali Zada completed her race and it was impossible not to feel her passion as she went on to express her pride at her performance.
It wasn't just at the finish line that times were steadily improving; out on the course, the intermediate splits were becoming progressively quicker too, and in particular for Annamiek van Vleuten, riding for her second shot at an Olympic medal following her silver in the road race. She caught the USA's Amber Neben, herself a statistical point of interest as the oldest road cyclist in the OIympic Games at an impressive 46.
Annemiek van Vleuten drives for home in the Olympic individual time trial
The course was fiendishly tricky, appearing to be uphill almost all the way, and while van Vleuten dug in and attacked the climbs, Dygert, complete with her pink shoes and socks, struggled. Grace Brown and Anna van der Breggen made steady progress, but as the kilometres ticked down, van Vleuten's lead extended, and unless someone had an astonishing second half of the race, it looked increasingly likely she would take the win.
She crossed the line, setting the fastest time comfortably, and her wait began. One by one, the remaining riders on the course came across the line, and, one by one, they failed to best van Vleuten's time. Switzerland's Marlen Ruesser came closest, 56 seconds behind to take the silver, and van Vleuten's Dutch teammate van der Breggen was able to pip Grace Brown by 7 seconds to make it two medals out of three for the Dutch following their disastrous run of luck in the prior days.
For van Vleuten, it was a personal story of redemption, coming back from the horrific injuries she suffered at the last Games in Rio to finally realise her dream of Olympic gold. As the men's race got underway, she sneaked past the camera, grinning and clutching her gold medal as her countryman Tom Dumoulin warmed up on the rollers in the background: would the Dutch have their day again?
The story of the early part of the race mirrored that of the women, with a Canadian in the lead. Hugo Houle impressed, taking the hotseat after narrowly beating South Africa's Stefan de Bod.
The first competitor to rise to the challenge was Italian Alberto Bettiol, who set a new fastest intermediate split and continued to look strong throughout. He didn't appear to be the most aero of time triallists, attacking the course as though it had wronged him, yet he posted the fastest time of the day, unseating Hugo Houle. By contrast, Remco Evenepoel was poetry in motion: smooth, fluid and perfectly aerodynamic. He opened his account with measured conservatism, but buried himself through the last few kilometres to take 35 seconds off of Bettiol's time and raise the bar. He held the hotseat for only a few minutes, however, as Rigoberto Uran replicated the impressive time trial form he displayed to win the time trial at the Tour du Suisse to steal into first position.
This top three of Uran, Evenepoel and Bettiol would remain in place for a while as rider after rider rolled through, unable to improve upon their times, but at the other end, the big hitters were taking to the roads: time trial specialists Tom Dumoulin, Rohan Dennis and Stefan Kung started consecutively and immediately made in-roads into the time of the current leader, Dumoulin ahead at the first intermediate split.
With Wout van Aert and Fillippo Ganna rolling off of the starting ramp, all the participants were finally out on the course, and the top times were bettered over and over, but it was Slovenian Primoz Roglic who was setting the course alight, with Fillippo Ganna hot on his heels.
It was clear that Dumoulin was on also on fire, scorching through the first lap in absolutely blistering form, over-taking his minute (and a half) man, USA's Brandon McNulty., himself an excellent time triallist (although having steamed into the lead with Richard Carapaz on the road race, it could be that McNulty was another suffering from heavy legs).
Whilst I may have run out of heat-based imagery, there was no doubt the contest remained spicy, as just ten seconds separated the top ten riders at the first intermediate split. Meanwhile at the halfway mark, Roglic shaved over 8 seconds from Dumoulin's dominant time, his face set in a mask of pure, single-minded focus, and on the surface at least, not troubled in the slightest by the injuries he sustained at the Tour de France. Kung and van Aert were both still in touch, first one and then the other dropping into fourth spot right behind Rohan Dennis, but subsequently bumped down again as Ganna snatched third spot.
On the second lap, strong performances became even more assured; on the climb, Dennis passed his INEOS teammate Geraint Thomas who was not on his best day, and Roglic overtook Kasper Asgreen. The Dane was briefly able to re-establish his lead on the road, and for a while the two engaged in a back and forth race as Asgreen held out for a few minutes before Roglic passed him again, along with Joao Almeida.
Roglic crossed the finish line in an astonishing time, taking over a minute off of the previous best set by Tom Dumoulin who himself had ridden arguably the ride of his life. Roglic continued over the line at speed, seemingly determined leave nothing to chance.
At the third time check, even Ganna had fallen off the pace, the heat and climbing perhaps troubling him, and at 44 seconds down on Roglic, the writing was on the wall, the outcome all but confirmed. Neither Kung or van Aert could make an impression on the top three, and as Ganna finally approached the finish line, it became clear that neither could he, as a possible medal slipped through his grasp, Rohan Dennis with a solid performance to secure bronze.
Head down, Primoz Roglic rockets towards the finish line
Roglic has waited a long time for this success: despite winning the Vuelta in two consecutive years, his loss at the 2020 Tour de France remained unavenged, and he was thwarted in the 2021 edition following a crash that saw him unable to make it past day 9. He suffered during the road race but the time trial course was perfect for him and his focus and determination throughout the race was unerring.
The smiles on the podium said it all; well-deserved success and a celebration to put to rest the struggles of the previous year. Alongside him, his Jumbo Visma teammate Tom Dumoulin, dealing with his own struggles by choosing to step away from the sport earlier this year, and returning in superb form to take a hard fought silver medal.
The road cycling events came and went in a flash, but there was more than enough entertainment to last us for the next three years. As we turn our attention indoors, to the velodrome, the track cyclists have a lot to live up to.
6 thoughts on "Olympic Despatches: Individual Time Trial"
Only a Northern Cyclist says:
31st Jul 2021 at 5:18 am
Excellent article! Loving these! Hope we're gonna see more for La Vuelta!
katymadgwick says:
Try and stop me 🙂
Seriously though thanks for reading, really appreciate it!
They are really great articles, excellent writing style. I deactivated my twitter acc yesterday as i just find it incredibly depressing, but i'll definitely keep reading these, keep up the excellent work!!
Thank you. Disappointed to hear that – I understand though. I've spent a long time curating my timeline so I can avoid all the depressing stuff, but it inevitably leaks through from time to time. You'll be a miss!
There are lots of genuinely lovely people on there (the JV squad in particular!!) who just want to talk about cycling but I struggle to deal with the negativity and downright nastiness of others, I have aspergers so as illogical and silly as I know those people to be I have hard time getting rid of the residue of evil…really affects my mental health.
Anyways, keep the articles coming, its really great, career-grade stuff!! All the best!
I hear you – it's definitely a bit much at times and I have to step away from time to time to. So important to take care of your mental health first and foremost. The JV crew are a great bunch though and you are very much a part of that!
Thanks again for reading and your kind comments, I'll be updating here again soon 🙂


From the Northern lights to the spectacular Norwegian fjords, cruising becomes a unique experience. Call 1300 657 948 and enjoy your Summer 2018 with a MSC cruise like no other, sailing past enchanted castles and glaciers under the midnight sun.
Onboard Ship – Is it more than Bingo & Bubbles?
From 2014 to 2017, from the very beginning of the creation of our MSC Meraviglia to its Christening Ceremony at Le Havre. Journey with us through the conception, the construction and all the milestones that gave life to the eighth wonder of the world.
Relive the emotions of the exciting MSC Meraviglia Christening event in Le Havre. An exclusive evening filled with fireworks and international stars, like the Godmother Sophia Loren, Gad Elmaleh, Patrick Bruel and the Kids United to celebrate and welcome to life the eighth wonder of the world.


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Debate on Political Parties Priority to Social Media..
With the changing time, the political parties have been exploring various means to propagate their agenda and try to convince people with their political strategies. In the beginning, Political parties depended on the newspapers and TV Channels for party campaigning. But now the situation is totally changed. All the political parties have been using their social media platforms to attack at the opponents. They are not hesitating to counter their opponents with their harsh tweets or Facebook comments. Watch a big debate on this issue.


Coming off two straight losses against the No. 1 team in the country, the Bruins have a chance to get back on track.
No. 2 UCLA men's volleyball (14-3, 3-0 MPSF) will face No. 10 Pepperdine (8-3, 2-1 MPSF) at the Firestone Fieldhouse on Friday.
The Waves are one of the strongest serving units in the country, ranking second in team aces per set. This season, Pepperdine has led at the service line with 87 aces and has held their opponents to 32. Outside hitters Alex Harthaller and Colby Harriman lead the team with 18 aces each. The team also has a serving percentage of .822.
Coach John Speraw said the Waves' serving is a contributor to their success and something the Bruins will have to counter through clean passing.
UCLA is currently undefeated in MPSF conference play, but will continue without the impact of its leading scorer. Senior opposite Christian Hessenauer is out indefinitely with a knee injury and has been replaced by Maleski.
Following the match against Pepperdine, UCLA has another three conference games in a row, most notably the March 3 matchup against No. 6 BYU.
The No. 4 Bruins (13-1) will travel to Irvine to play in the Barbara Kalbus Invitational this weekend, during which the top-nine teams in the country, along with seven other ranked teams, will compete. Their first round is Friday at 1:45 p.m. against No. 17 UC Santa Barbara (9-5).
With a double overtime game against No. 7 UC Irvine (3-5) last weekend at the Triton Invitational, the Bruins have displayed both strong defense and offense, but coach Adam Wright said he still always sees room for change.
"We're trying a lot of different lineups, so groups are working with each other a little bit more consistently throughout the week so they get to know each other a little better," Wright said.
Senior attacker Nicole Reynolds said she believed that this past week was about being efficient and working on doing the small things right in practice to perfect the details of the game. Reynolds said that the team has been focusing on each player individually since the Triton Invitational.
"A personal goal of mine for this upcoming weekend is to make my teammates better, to be able to set them up for a goal," Reynolds said.
A continuous trend throughout the season has been to work on situations in which the Bruins are down a man, and, for junior goalie Carlee Kapana, it has become a personal goal to perfect those scenarios.
"Something that I'd like to achieve this weekend is getting more stops on five man when we are down 5-on-6," Kapana said.
After suffering back-to-back losses at the ITA Division I National Women's Team Indoor Championship, the UCLA women's tennis team is focused on improving its fitness.
No. 9 UCLA (6-2) will be tested this weekend as it takes on Fresno State (3-5) and No. 34 California (4-1) in consecutive days at the Los Angeles Tennis Center.
Recently, coach Stella Sampras Webster has incorporated shuttle runs, a training technique that involves short bursts of speed, into the team's regimen.
She stated that she hopes the players get tested with long matches and three set matches to gauge the team's fitness level.
Her team will open their Pac-12 conference slate Saturday against the Bears.
No. 73 senior Terri Fleming, who is 13-6 in singles, is expected to return to the lineup after missing UCLA's last game against Loyola Marymount.
UCLA men's tennis improved to No. 4 in the ITA rankings after reaching the finals of the ITA Division I National Men's Team Indoor Championship last weekend.
UCLA (11-2) looks to build on that momentum and transition back to playing outdoors Friday at home against Portland (5-4).
No. 3 senior Martin Redlicki clinched two matches for UCLA in the tournament – but the freshmen were even more key.
Freshman Bryce Pereira was unbeaten in doubles with junior Maxime Cressy going into the final match.
Freshman Keegan Smith, this week's Pac-12 Player of the Week, rose to No. 72 in the singles rankings after going undefeated in singles up to the final round.
Portland comes to UCLA led by senior Michail Pervolarakis, ranked No. 36 in singles. The Pilots have yet to face a ranked opponent this season.


Whoopi goldberg's seat at "the view" has been vacant for a month — and friday she revealed why: she's been battling near-fatal septic pneumonia. "i have been starting every show since. Whoopi goldberg slammed rep. alexandria ocasio-cortez over her recent comments, advising the freshman democrat to "learn the job" before running her mouth. referring to a "60 minutes" interview with the newly sworn-in new york congresswoman, the co-host of abc's "the view" called out what some deemed an insult to established democrats in congress.. Tv personality whoopi goldberg has been away from "the view" since early february… and the reason has finally been revealed! 2019. behar also shut down rumors that whoopi would be.
Whoopi goldberg has been out, and 'the view' has to debunk theory she's hosting the oscars. fellow "the view" co-host joy behar debunked online rumors, reaffirming that whoopi goldberg is. whoopi goldberg couldn't be more wrong about bike lanes 'the view' host said bike lanes have ruined new york city. the data proves her wrong—and the lane she complained about doesn't.. Where in the world is whoopi goldberg? that's been the question on fans' minds since she stopped showing up to her job at "the view" beginning february 6th.. Uh oh! whoopi goldberg's advice to rep. ocasio-cortez will not sit well with aoc & her fans posted at 3:15 pm on january 7, 2019 by doug p..
The annoyingly amoral whoopi goldberg is at it again, with what seems to be her mantra: "you can do whatever offensive thing you like, as long as you're famous." first, there was the defense of a "comedy performance" (reportedly conceived by her) featuring her then-boyfriend ted danson wearing blackface in 1993.. Whats wrong with whoopie illness march 4, 2019 / health the faces of mental illness: whoopi goldberg. our site. welcome to moms (momsofminnesota) moms giveaway rules. find us on twitter and facebook! moms community rules. how stuff works. abbreviations list. whoopi goldberg has won an emmy, a grammy, an oscar, a tony award, an academy award… Whoopi goldberg has a good excuse for missing "the view." the co-host is recovering from a herniated disc. "[it] is something that has been so painful it made me wish to have my period back again.
Whats wrong with whoopie illness march 4, 2019 / health the faces of mental illness: whoopi goldberg. our site. welcome to moms (momsofminnesota) moms giveaway rules. find us on twitter and facebook! moms community rules. how stuff works. abbreviations list. whoopi goldberg has won an emmy, a grammy, an oscar, a tony award, an academy award… Whoopi goldberg slammed rep. alexandria ocasio-cortez over her recent comments, advising the freshman democrat to "learn the job" before running her mouth. referring to a "60 minutes" interview with the newly sworn-in new york congresswoman, the co-host of abc's "the view" called out what some deemed an insult to established democrats in congress.. Uh oh! whoopi goldberg's advice to rep. ocasio-cortez will not sit well with aoc & her fans posted at 3:15 pm on january 7, 2019 by doug p..


Various types of deliveries 24 hours/7 days per week!!!
We have been in the business many years and the main person is "YOU" the customer. We have all valid insurances. All items will be delivered safely!
We provide you a full range of professional services with Transit Van, Luton Van of 25 cubic metres.
We specialize in the the transport of pets, antiques and house removals in Ireland, UK, Spain, Italy, France, Germany!
Whatever you are moving it will be treated with the care!!! Will do our very best to assist you!!!
Payment - in cash, bank transfer or paypal.
Make the offers in best time to give accept and then send u mail with another date (about 2 weeks later) I find that not ok to give a best offer from time and money and after accept u change the time with2-3 weeks later!!! Is a not serious company!
Finally, I haven't send furnitures with they. But they was very kindly and friendly.
Kontakt bardzo dobry ,terminy dotrzymane,ceny uzgodnione,transport dostarczymy bezpiecznie tego trzeba aby klient był zadowolony. Dziękuję bardzo za transport pozdrawiam.
This dishonest and unprofessional company lost my cat in the middle of nowwhere! I'm still waiting for the insurance data, replies to my 10 emails and a kind of responsibility/apologise/compe... Run away from them! Don't hire them never!
30 cajas, peso cada caja 12kg, medidas aproximadas 27x27x37, flexible en fecha de recogida, se puede recoger inmediatamente o esperar un poco.
kontakt z biurem pozytywny, wszystko dotarło jak należy. szczególnie nasza kotka cała i zdrowiutka, widać że raczej była dobrze traktowana. ogólnie jesteśmy zadowoleni.
Kontakt z przewoznikiem bardzo dobry. pomoc przy zaladunku i wyladunku . Dowiezienie calego ladunku na miejsce przeznaczenia w umowionym czasie . Cena uslugi tez dobra . Jednym slowem polecam .
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text:
è un manga storico scritto e disegnato da Chiho Saitō per Shogakukan, la sua serializzazione è durata dal 2004 al 2007 sul periodico Flowers.

L'opera ha come co-protagonista il poeta e scrittore russo Alexander Puskin e racchiude una versione romanzata della sua storia e del suo matrimonio.

Come altre opere di quest'autrice, nella realizzazione la Saitō ha posto una grande ricerca storica per la rappresentazione di ambienti e vestiti dei personaggi e ha condito la narrazione con eventi realmente accaduti.

Trama
Le vicende iniziano nel 1828 in Russia, la giovane e bellissima Natalia Nikolayevna Goncharova è terzogenita di una famiglia nobile, ma decaduta e con molti debiti per via della malattia del padre e della cattiva gestione delle spese della madre. Per risollevarsi dalla disgrazia la madre di Natalia decide di presentare a corte una delle figlie nella speranza di accaparrarsi un buon partito tra gli esponenti di spicco della società, un marito ricco e facoltoso potrebbe riportarli al fulgore di un tempo e consentire loro una certa agiatezza. La scelta ricade stranamente su Natalia, appena sedicenne e troppo giovane, ma la donna decide di puntare sulla bellezza della figlia e infatti Natalia fa subito colpo in società, sebbene la sua bassa estrazione venga spesso ridicolizzata dalle altre dame, invidiose dell'attenzione che riceve.

Ad uno dei ricevimenti Natalia conosce il giovane Alexander Puskin, il poeta è l'idolo di molte delle ragazze per via delle storie romantiche che pubblica e del suo carattere ardito, ha inoltre fama di essere una testa calda, un rivoluzionario e un donnaiolo, ma nonostante il suo fascino esotico, ha infatti ascendenze turche ed etiopi e la pelle ambrata, rifiuta di ballare e intrattenersi con lui temendo di compromettere la sua reputazione e la ricerca di un marito benestante. Anche Puskin rimane stregato da Natalia decidendo di volerla conoscere e, in seguito, sposare, cosa che non aveva mai desiderato fare prima.

La loro storia avrà molte difficoltà a cominciare dall'opposizione della famiglia di lei: Puskin infatti non è l'uomo ideale e che si sarebbero aspettati, è nobile, ma non è abbiente e gli vengono preferiti principi e granduchi e, vinta dal peso della responsabilità del futuro della sua famiglia sulle spalle, anche Natalia si adeguerà alle decisioni della madre rifiutandolo, ma la determinazione di lui non lo abbandonerà e continuerà a tentare di conquistare la sua fiducia e il suo amore.

Un'epidemia e le magre finanze della famiglia Goncharov dilateranno i tempi necessari per far sposare la ragazza e, a complicare maggiormente la faccenda, scenderà in campo anche lo zar Nicola I, il quale ha a sua volta un debole per la ragazza e un odio verso il poeta che scrisse l'opera Ode alla libertà quando era appena diciottenne e che sostenne le idee dei rivoltosi popolari propagandando le loro idee con la sua lirica, mettendo in cattiva luce lo zar Alessandro, fratello di Nicola al punto che questi chiederà ad uno dei suoi generali di eliminarlo.

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Biology:Erythroferrone
Generic protein structure example
Erythroferrone
ERFE
HGNC
Q4G0M1
Chr. 2 q37.3
Erythroferrone is a protein hormone encoded in humans by the ERFE gene. Erythroferrone is produced by erythroblasts, inhibits the production of hepcidin in the liver, and so increases the amount of iron available for hemoglobin synthesis.[1][2] Skeletal muscle secreted ERFE has been shown to maintain systemic metabolic homeostasis.[3]
3 Function
4 Regulation
5 Clinical significance
It was identified in 2014 in mice where the transcript was found in bone marrow, encoded by the mouse Fam132b gene.[2] The homologous gene in humans is FAM132B and the sequence is conserved in other species. The protein is synthesized by erythroblasts and secreted.[2] This sequence had previously been found expressed in mouse skeletal muscle, called myonectin (CTRP15), and linked to lipid homeostasis.[4]
Seldin and his colleagues have written: "Myonectin is expressed and secreted predominantly by skeletal muscle.... (Our) results suggest that myonectin is a nutrient-responsive metabolic regulator secreted by skeletal muscle in response to changes in cellular energy state resulting from glucose or fatty acid fluxes. Many metabolically relevant secreted proteins (e.g. adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and RBP) and the signaling pathways they regulate in tissues are known to be dysregulated in the condition of obesity. The reduction in expression and circulating levels of myonectin in the obese state may represent yet another component of the complex metabolic circuitry dysregulated by excess caloric intake. Although exercise has long been known to have profound positive impacts on systemic insulin sensitivity and energy balance, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. That voluntary exercise dramatically increases the expression and circulating levels of myonectin to promote fatty acid uptake into cells may underlie one of the beneficial effects of physical exercise."[5]
Myonectin was shown in 2015 to be identical to erythroferrone, a hormone produced in erythroblasts that is involved in iron metabolism.[1]>[2]
Erythroferrone in humans is transcribed as a precursor of 354 amino acids, with a signal peptide of 28 amino acids. The mouse gene encodes a 340 amino acid protein which is 71% identical.[2] Homology is greater at the C-terminal where there is a TNF-alpha-like domain.
Erythroferrone is a hormone that regulates iron metabolism through its actions on hepcidin.[1] As shown in mice and humans, it is produced in erythroblasts, which proliferate when new red cells are synthesized, such as after hemorrhage when more iron is needed (so-called stress erythropoiesis).[6] This process is governed by the renal hormone, erythropoietin.[2]
Its mechanism of action is to inhibit the expression of the liver hormone, hepcidin.[6] This process is governed by the renal hormone, erythropoietin.[2] By suppressing hepcidin, ERFE increases the function of the cellular iron export channel, ferroportin. This then results in increased iron absorption from the intestine and mobilization of iron from stores, which can then be used in the synthesis of hemoglobin in new red blood cells.[2] Erythroferrone inhibits hepcidin synthesis by binding bone morphogenetic proteins and thereby inhibiting the bone morphogenetic protein pathway that controls hepcidin expression.[7][8]
Mice deficient in the gene encoding erythroferrone have transient maturational hemoglobin deficits and impaired hepcidin suppression in response to phlebotomy with a delayed recovery from anemia.[2]
In its role as myonectin, it also promotes lipid uptake into adipocytes and hepatocytes.[4]
Synthesis of erythroferrone is stimulated by erythropoietin binding to its receptor and activating the Jak2/Stat5 signaling pathway.[2]
The clinical significance in humans is becoming clear.[9] From parallels in the mouse studies, there may be diseases where its function could be relevant. In a mouse model of thalassemia, its expression is increased, resulting in iron overload, which is also a feature of the human disease.[10] A role in the recovery from the anemia of inflammation in mice has been shown[11] and involvement in inherited anemias with ineffective erythropoiesis, anemia of chronic kidney diseases and iron-refractory iron-deficiency anemia has been suggested.[2][9]
Erythroferrone levels in blood have been shown by immunoassay to be higher after blood loss or erythropoetin administration. Patients with beta-thalassemia have very high levels, and these decrease after blood transfusion.[12]
↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Erythroferrone: A Missing Link in Iron Regulation". American Society of Hematology. http://www.hematology.org/Thehematologist/Years-Best/3599.aspx.
↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 "Identification of erythroferrone as an erythroid regulator of iron metabolism". Nature Genetics 46 (7): 678–84. July 2014. doi:10.1038/ng.2996. PMID 24880340.
↑ Wang, Hui (2017). "Skeletal muscle secreted myonectin maintains systemic metabolic homeostasis" (in en). The FASEB Journal 31 (S1): 1036.17. doi:10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.1036.17. ISSN 1530-6860. https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.1036.17.
↑ 4.0 4.1 "Myonectin (CTRP15), a novel myokine that links skeletal muscle to systemic lipid homeostasis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 287 (15): 11968–80. April 2012. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.336834. PMID 22351773.
↑ Marcus M. Seldin, Jonathan M. Peterson, Mardi S. Byerly, Zhikui Wei, and G. William Wong. "Myonectin (CTRP15), a Novel Myokine That Links Skeletal Muscle to Systemic Lipid Homeostasis." THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY VOL. 287, NO. 15, pp. 11968–11980, April 6, 2012, doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.336834 originally published online February 17, 2012.
↑ 6.0 6.1 "New insights into iron regulation and erythropoiesis". Current Opinion in Hematology 22 (3): 199–205. May 2015. doi:10.1097/MOH.0000000000000132. PMID 25710710.
↑ "Erythroferrone inhibits the induction of hepcidin by BMP6". Blood 132 (14): 1473–1477. October 2018. doi:10.1182/blood-2018-06-857995. PMID 30097509.
↑ "Antibodies against the erythroferrone N-terminal domain prevent hepcidin suppression and ameliorate murine thalassemia". Blood 135 (8): 547–557. February 2020. doi:10.1182/blood.2019003140. PMID 31899794.
↑ 9.0 9.1 "Regulation of Hepcidin by Erythropoiesis: The Story So Far". Annual Review of Nutrition 36: 417–34. July 2016. doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050731. PMID 27146013.
↑ "Erythroferrone contributes to hepcidin suppression and iron overload in a mouse model of β-thalassemia". Blood 126 (17): 2031–7. October 2015. doi:10.1182/blood-2015-07-658419. PMID 26276665.
↑ "Erythroferrone contributes to recovery from anemia of inflammation". Blood 124 (16): 2569–74. October 2014. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-06-584607. PMID 25193872.
↑ "Immunoassay for human serum erythroferrone". Blood 130 (10): 1243–1246. September 2017. doi:10.1182/blood-2017-04-777987. PMID 28739636.
Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythroferrone. Read more
Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Erythroferrone&oldid=2255374"
Human hormones
Peptide hormones
Blood proteins


Roast Turkey with Wild Rice Stuffing recipe and other rice recipes updated by our cooking food network top chefs. Fill Free to download and share with your friends and family.
4 t Chicken Bouillon, or cubes.
1/2 c Green Pepper, chopped.
1/2 c Butter or Margarine.
8 oz Herb Seasoned Stuffing Mi .
1 Turkey (Appro . 12 lbs).
Salt and amp Peppers. Melted Buttter. Prepare wild rice as per directions on package, dissolving 3 tsp. bouillon in water before adding rice. Preheat oven to 325 deg.F. In medium skillet, cook celery and green pepper in butter until tender. Dissolve the remaining bouillon in hot water. In large bowl, combine rice, vegetables, bouillon liquid, stuffing mi and poultry seasoning mi well. Season turkey with salt and pepper. Stuff neck and body cavity loosely truss. Place breast side up, on rack in shallow roasting pan. Brush with butter. Roast as label directes. Turn e tra stuffing into a well greased 1 quart baking dish cover and refrigerate. Bake 30 minutes.


text:
Ownership of dwelling
Group: Household Economic — HOUSEHOLD
General codes
Detailed codes
class Ownership:public Editor {
Ownership(VarPointer varInfo) : Editor(varInfo) {}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::mx1960a)
if (MX1960A_0401(1) != 1 && MX1960A_0401(1) != 6)
a = 0;
if (dataSet == dataset_id::fr1982a) {
if (FR1982A_0024(0) == 1) {
if (FR1982A_0025(0) == 0)
a = 110;
if (dataSet == dataset_id::gr1971a) {
if (GR1971A_0053(0) == 2) {
if (GR1971A_0052(0) == 1)
if (dataSet == dataset_id::pt1981a) {
if (PT1981A_0049(0) == 1 && PT1981A_0050(0) == 1)
if (dataSet == dataset_id::uk2001a) {
if (UK2001A_0049(0) == 9) {
if (UK2001A_0050(0) == 1)
if (dataSet == dataset_id::pr1970a) {
if (PR1970A_0029(0) == 10 && PR1970A_0030(0) == 2)
if (dataSet == dataset_id::de1971a) {
if (DE1971A_0002(0) == 2 && DE1971A_0074(0) == 1)
if (DE1971A_0002(0) > 2)
if (DE1981A_0075(0) != 1)
if (dataSet == dataset_id::gh2010a) {
if (GH2010A_0051(0) == 1 && GH2010A_0052(0) == 1)
if (dataSet == dataset_id::uy2011a) {
if (UY2011A_0041(0) == 1 && (UY2011A_0042(0) == 2 || UY2011A_0042(0) == 4))
if (UY2011A_0041(0) == 4 && UY2011A_0043(0) == 1)
if (dataSet == dataset_id::pl2002a) {
if (PL2002A_0092(0) == 2 && PL2002A_0051(0) == 3)
if (dataSet == dataset_id::uy2011x) {
if (UY2011X_0041(0) == 1 && (UY2011X_0042(0) == 2 || UY2011X_0042(0) == 4))
if (UY2011X_0041(0) == 4 && UY2011X_0043(0) == 1)
if (dataSet == dataset_id::il2008a) {
if (IL2008A_0011(0) >= 2 && IL2008A_0011(0) <= 3 && IL2008A_0012(0) == 1)
// TODO notAorH uses value(), find source variable mx1960
// not head of house and not alone in Mexico 1960
bool notAorH() {
if (MX1960A_0401(1)!=1 && MX1960A_0401(1)!=6) return true;
else return false;
OWNERSHIP indicates whether a member of the household owned the housing unit. Households that acquired their unit with a mortgage or other lending arrangement were understood to "own" their unit even if they had not yet completed repayment. For those that did not own their housing unit, several options were possible: renting (from various types of owners), subletting, usufruct, and de facto occupation.
Comparability — Index
OWNERSHIP is essentially comparable across all samples, though some provide greater detail than others. The first digit -- indicating whether a unit was owned or rented -- is fully comparable. The second and third digits retain detail not available in all samples.
OWNERSHIP is not available for vacant households in any sample.
Some samples indicate whether owned units were owned "free and clear" or were still being paid for. Other samples provide additional types of home ownership.
Nearly all the samples provide some detailed information about those who did not own their housing. "Rented" is the main category, with different samples providing varying detail about the types of arrangements.
Some samples ask about the ownership type of the land on which the dwelling is located. This data can be found in LANDOWN.
Some samples, particularly former and current Communist countries, ask questions on the type of ownership, i.e. private, government, collective, etc. Because these data don't describe whether the dwelling was owned/rented by a household member, the data are not integrated and can be found in the unharmonized source variables.
Comparability — Argentina [top]
The 1991 sample identifies squatters.
Comparability — Armenia [top]
The 2001 and 2011 samples indicate only if the dwelling was owned or not owned by a member of the household -- not the specific terms of non-ownership.
Comparability — Austria [top]
The data are comparable across samples. See the enumeration text for detailed discussion of the tenure distinctions.
Comparability — Bangladesh [top]
This variable is generally comparable across samples. However, in 1991 the question was asked of all households, while it was only asked of permanent households in later years. Additionally, the 1991 sample includes an "unknown" category.
Comparability — Belarus [top]
In 2009, dwellings that are owned by citizens must be fully paid.
The 1999 sample distinguishes between dwellings rented from other persons and those rented from local councils. In 2009, the distinction is between dwellings that are rented from the state, rented from non-governmental private developers, and rented from other persons. Dwellings that are rented from other persons for all samples were simply coded as "renting."
Comparability — Benin [top]
The 2002 and 2013 samples provide further detail regarding types of dwelling tenure for free; "family property" is classified in these two samples as "not owned, provided by family or friend."
Comparability — Bolivia [top]
The categories are largely consistent across samples. The 1992, 2001, and 2012 samples identify dwellings ceded by family members. It isn't clear where this relatively large category would have been coded in 1976.
Loan-backed habitations involve an upfront loan to the owner in exchange for no subsequent payments for a period of time.
Comparability — Botswana [top]
The 1981 and 1991 census questions refer to acquisition of the housing unit or plot, whereas the 2001 and 2011 samples asked about the housing unit only.
In 1981 and 1991, households that have plots allocated by tribal authorities, landboards, or acquired through the Self Help Housing Agency Scheme (SHHA) are listed as other type of ownership.
The samples consistently distinguish between various forms of household rental agreements. Households that are occupying land where no allocation was made by any authority are listed as squatters.
Comparability — Brazil [top]
The distinction between renting and owning is consistent across samples, but the level of detail within those categories varies over time.
Comparability — Burkina Faso [top]
This variable is fully comparable across samples.
Comparability — Cambodia [top]
The data are fully comparable between samples.
Comparability — Cameroon [top]
All samples have categories for rented, owned, and housing provided by employer. However, there is some variation in other categories across samples. See source variables for more detail and explanation.
Comparability — Canada [top]
The data are fully comparable across samples.
Comparability — Chile [top]
Some Chilean samples distinguish fully-owned from partially-owned homes.
The 1960 sample is a sample of individuals, not households. Only heads of households have most household-level information.
Comparability — Colombia [top]
The category detail differs across years.
Comparability — Costa Rica [top]
All samples distinguish fully-owned from partially-owned homes.
In 2011, the category "precarious condition" refers to dwellings that have been occupied without using legal mechanisms of possession. These dwellings could have been built by their inhabitants but, because the terrain upon which the dwelling was built does not belong to the inhabitants, the dwelling cannot be considered "owned."
Comparability — Dominican Republic [top]
The data are largely comparable across samples with minor category differences.
Comparability — Ecuador [top]
The Ecuadorian samples consistently identify multiple types of usufruct arrangements, with 1962 and 1974 including categories for sharecropping.
The 2010 sample provides more detail than previous samples on payment arrangements for dwellings that are owned, distinguishing between those that are fully paid, being paid for, and those that were acquired as a gift or inheritance.
Comparability — Egypt [top]
The source variable for 2006 distinguishes between rental property under the old law versus the new law, but the data are combined in OWNERSHIP. The 2006 sample differentiates households that fully own their dwelling from those that are still paying to own. The 1986 and 1996 samples distinguish "ordinary" rentals from publicly owned.
Collective households do not have responses in 2006; there are no collectives in 1986 or 1996.
Comparability — El Salvador [top]
The unharmonized source variable for the 2007 sample distinguishes those still paying for ownership by the type of recipient (public institution, private, or NGO). The 2007 census also adds a category for free occupancy without any reciprocal work/services, which is presumably contained in the "other" category in 1992.
Comparability — Ethiopia [top]
The samples are largely comparable over time.
In all samples there are many categories for rented property. "Rented from Kebele" refers to the Kebele Local Administration and has been categorized as "Local authority." "Rented from public housing agency" has been categorized under Government. If a dwelling is rented from a private household it has been categorized as "Private." Any dwellings that are rented from another organization not otherwise listed is categorized as "Other rented". Finally, individuals may pay a rent difference if the rent of the housing unit is which they are currently residing is higher than the rent of the housing unit in which they used to reside. These cases have been categorized as "Other rented".
For more information see the unharmonized source variables.
Comparability — Fiji [top]
This variable is generally comparable across samples. However, the 1986 census separately identifies squatters. The 1996 has a general category as well as more detailed categories for usufruct arrangements, while the 2007 and 2014 samples have a "caretaker" category. Both were categorized as "free/usufruct (no cash rent)" in the harmonized variable.
Comparability — Finland [top]
In 2010, the variable distinguishes between ownership of the dwelling and only a share of the dwelling, where the latter is classified as "owned, other."
Comparability — France [top]
Available detail differs across French samples, with owned, rented, and usufruct situations constituting the minimum detail identified in any year. There are separate categories for furnished and unfurnished dwellings.
The 2011 sample differentiates between a renter of an unfurnished housing project and unfurnished non- housing project dwelling.
Comparability — Germany [top]
The data are largely comparable across censuses. The data for 1971 are constructed from separate responses for the first and second households within the dwelling. Higher order households, which are rare, are coded to unknown.
The data for 1981 are available only for dwellings containing a single household (comprising roughly 93% of all private households). There is an unharmonized variable providing information for second households within dwellings, but they cannot be distinguished in the data.
Comparability — Ghana [top]
The "other" category includes a temporary living arrangement called "perching." Further ownership and tenancy information is contained in a separate unharmonized source variable.
Comparability — Guatemala [top]
The 1981 and 1994 distinguish between dwellings that are "owned, already paid" and those "owned, still paying" categories; these two categories are not available in the 1964 and 2002 samples. The 1981, 1994, and 2002 samples identify dwellings that are occupied for "free/usufruct", but this response is seemingly combined with "other" in 1964.
Comparability — Guinea [top]
The 1996 sample identifies subsidized renters who pay partial rent with their employers paying the rest.
Comparability — Haiti [top]
All Haiti samples have categories for owning, renting, usufruct, and other. The 1982 sample has a separate category for tenant farmers, and the 2003 sample has a separate category for squatters.
The 1982 sample only has data for households in specific communes (Port-au-Prince, Pétion-Ville and Croix des Bouquets) which may affect its comparability with other years.
Comparability — Honduras [top]
The 1961 sample only has information for households consisting of a head.
The 1988 and 2001 samples distinguish between owners who had fully paid and those paying in installments.
Comparability — Hungary [top]
The 1970-1990 samples identify co-tenants who used only a part of the dwelling exclusively and shared other parts. They were combined with tenants in 2001.
The 1990 sample has more detail than the others; there was a response option for owned by relatives, which is considered as owned per previous samples. This response might be included with usufruct in other countries.
The 2011 census question asks about the type of ownership but has significantly less detail compared to other Hungary samples. For this sample, housing units owned by a local government or other institution/organization are simply listed as "not owned."
Comparability — India [top]
The data are comparable across samples.
The 1993 sample has a variable on ownership -- not incorporated into OWNERSHIP -- that is restricted to land-owning households. See the unharmonized source variables.
Comparability — Indonesia [top]
The category "provided by employer" includes when the dwelling is provided by a private or public employer regardless of whether there are payments. The unharmonized source variables preserve detail on whether the dwelling was contracted (rent paid for set time period) or rented (month-to-month). The censuses delineate whether the household was paying installments to own or already owned, except in 2005 and 2010 when the categories were combined. The 2005 census does add categories for rent-free parent/relative-owned dwellings (coded into "provided by family or friend") and for free rent (non-relative, non-employer owned). The 2010 census "other" category includes free rent, employer-provided, etc.
Comparability — Iraq [top]
See the enumeration text for more information on the categories.
Comparability — Ireland [top]
The pre-2002 samples provide categories of renting that are not identified in later years. The 1981 and 1991 samples distinguish between households still purchasing their dwelling and those that completed all payments. The unharmonized source variables for the pre-2002 samples identify households in the process of purchasing their homes from local authority.
There are only minor universe differences between samples.
Comparability — Israel [top]
The 1972 census asked the question only of urban households.
The 1983, 1995, and 2008 samples included information on renters entitled or not entitled to key money. This distinction was not incorporated into OWNERSHIP. The 1983, 1995, and 2008 samples also distinguish between dwellings rented from private, parastatal, or other.
The 2008 sample identifies a separate category for dwellings owned by relatives where no rent is paid on it; these cases were likely included in "owned" in 1972-1995.
Comparability — Italy [top]
In 2001 and 2011, the "owned" category is defined as owning fully, partially, or when the household has the right to use the house, even if part of the dwelling is rented out. For both samples, "other title" is classified as "free/usufruct" given it refers to tenure free of charge or in exchange for services.
Comparability — Jamaica [top]
The samples are comparable across categories, aside from the category for "Government rented" dwellings in 1982 and 1991.
The 1982 sample includes responses for all households, while the 1991 and 2001 samples include only private households.
Comparability — Kenya [top]
The Kenya samples are comparable with each other, but they classify owned housing units differently than other countries, specifying whether they were purchased, constructed, or inherited. The Kenyan censuses also provide more detail about renting than the other censuses do.
Comparability — Liberia [top]
This variable is only available for the 2008 sample.
Comparability — Malawi [top]
The data are fully comparable across all samples, with one exception: the 1987 and 1998 censuses collected separate information on dwelling ownership for up to four dwellings inhabited by a household. Only information for the first dwelling is reported in OWNERSHIP, but the unharmonized source variables retain the details for higher order dwellings.
Comparability — Malaysia [top]
The samples differ considerably in terms of number of categories.
Comparability — Mali [top]
The 1998 sample identifies more categories of tenure, including free lodging and co-ownership (condominium) status. The unharmonized source variables for 1998 and 2009 also distinguish between owners with and without official documentation and renters versus (long-term) lessees. Those distinctions are not maintained in OWNERSHIP.
Comparability — Mexico [top]
The 1960 and 1970 censuses made only the basic distinction between owned and not owned housing. The 1990, 2010, and 2015 censuses identified renters versus other non-owners. The 1995 and 2000 censuses distinguished between owners who had fully paid and those with mortgages.
In 2015, any household that responded to the question indicating dwelling is "owned by a relative or is borrowed" is assumed to be living in the dwelling for free.
Comparability — Morocco [top]
The responses "in process of being owner" and "mortgage" were combined into the category "owned, still paying" in 1982; the mortgage category was eliminated in subsequent censuses. The categories of "owner, already paid" and "in the process of becoming owner" are combined into the "owner" category in the 2014 sample.
The category "provided by employer" is documented as provided "with a small payment" in 2004, but no other censuses provide more detail, and free rent, employer-provided dwellings are explicitly excluded from the "free" category.
Comparability — Myanmar [top]
In 2014, the categories of "government" and "private company" are interpreted as "free/usufruct" since they are separate from "renting".
Comparability — Nepal [top]
Dwelling ownership is based on legal ownership except in rural areas where it is based on land ownership. Responses indicating that the dwelling is occupied by virtue of an agreement with an institution are coded as "free, public". The 2001 sample distinguishes a (rent) free option, which is combined with "other" in 2011.
Comparability — Nicaragua [top]
The 2005 census adds a free rent and an installments/mortgage category that were presumably contained within "other" in previous censuses; there was also a response option for "borrowed," but as it is unclear what this term means, it is classified in "other" not owned in this variable.
Comparability — Nigeria [top]
This variable is mostly comparable across samples. The 2010 sample provides more detail.
Comparability — Palestine [top]
The data are comparable between samples, with a minor universe difference.
Comparability — Panama [top]
The 1960 sample has less category detail than the later samples, which are consistent with one another.
Comparability — Papua New Guinea [top]
The 2000 census includes "free/usufruct", which is not identified in 1980 or 1990.
Comparability — Paraguay [top]
The data are comparable between samples. There are several more response categories in the 1992 and 2002 samples. In the 2002 sample, the response "Borrowed or caretaking" is categorized under other.
Comparability — Philippines [top]
The Philippines samples include categories for public and private subsidized housing.
Comparability — Poland [top]
The census question for Poland refers to the tenure status or legal basis for occupancy of the dwelling. The unharmonized source variables for these samples include related data on the building ownership.
In 1978 and 1988, "allocation of the dwelling" is considered as "not owned, free/usufruct (no cash rent)", given the enumeration instructions do not clarify whether rent is paid in these cases.
For the 1978, 1988, and 2002 samples, responses indicating that the household has a relationship with the owner or main tenant (parents, children, or other related persons) have been classified as "not owned, free/usufruct, provided by family or friend," even though some of these cases may pay rent for the occupied dwelling.
In 1988, workers' hotel is coded as "not owned, free/usufruct, provided by employer."
"Other" forms of tenure for all the Poland samples may include households residing in religious institutions, residing in return for agricultural work or other activity, or squatters.
Comparability — Portugal [top]
The variable is consistent across samples. The 2011 census lists several more categories for non-ownership than the previous samples. In 2011, the original response category "State, autonomous public institutes or other non-profit institutes" is categorized as Government ownership.
Comparability — Puerto Rico [top]
The variable is comparable across samples. The 2010 sample distinguishes fully-owned from partially-owned homes
Comparability — Rwanda [top]
The 2002 and 2012 samples have a response for mortgage/leasing, but the number of cases is very small; nevertheless, we have coded other owners as having fully paid for their dwelling.
The 2002 unharmonized variable also identifies persons in refugee camps, which are included in "other" not owned in this variable.
Comparability — Saint Lucia [top]
The general "renting" category in 1980 identifies persons with leases as opposed to short-term renters from government and private persons.
Comparability — Senegal [top]
The 1988 sample identifies co-tenants (co-locataire), while the 2002 and 2013 samples identifies co-owners (co-proprietaire). The 2013 sample identifies "rent to own", while the 1988 sample includes the option of subletting.
Comparability — Sierra Leone [top]
"Purchased" is coded as "already paid" but might include cases where residents are still paying. Rental from a quasi-government entity is included with rental from government, but the two categories can be separated using the unharmonized source variable. Likewise, the unharmonized variable identifies different types of employer-provided housing.
Comparability — South Africa [top]
The 1996 sample only has categories for rented and owned. The 2001, 2007, 2011, and 2016 samples distinguish fully paid off from not yet paid off homes. The addition of the large usufruct category starting in 2001 substantially alters the distribution of values between 1996 and other South Africa samples. In 2016, there is an additional distinction between "rented from private individual" and "rented from other".
Comparability — Spain [top]
All samples distinguish fully-owned from partially-owned homes, and all samples are comparable over time.
Comparability — Switzerland [top]
The variable is consistent across samples. The unharmonized source variables in each sample distinguish between owners of buildings and owners of a floor or dwelling, but that distinction is not preserved in OWNERSHIP. The unharmonized variables also distinguish tenants from lessees.
Comparability — Tanzania [top]
The 1988 sample indicates only if the dwelling was owned by a member of the household, rented, or in other situation. The 2012 census question provides further details. In 2012, if the dwelling was owned by the employer, but the household was paying rent then the dwelling was categorized as being rented from a private company.
Comparability — Thailand [top]
The variable is consistent across samples.
Comparability — Togo [top]
In 2010, owners with or without a title are considered to own the dwelling.
Comparability — Trinidad and Tobago [top]
The data is comparable across samples. The 2011 responses distinguish between homes owned fully and those still subject to a mortgage.
Comparability — Turkey [top]
The 1985 and 1990 censuses only distinguish whether the household owned the dwelling or not. The 2000 census provides more detail; the "provided by employer" category does not detail whether payments were made to the employer or not.
Comparability — United Kingdom [top]
The 1991 sample provided more detailed information on the types of renting. The 2001 sample identifies households paying part rent and part mortgage (shared ownership).
Comparability — United States [top]
The U.S. samples distinguish between renters who paid cash rent and those who did not. The 1990 -2015 responses also allow users to distinguish between homes "owned free and clear" and those still subject to a mortgage. The 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2015 censuses explicitly placed owned units resting on leased land (for example, mobile trailers in some parks) in the "owned" category.
The 1900 and 1910 censuses only distinguished between owned (or being bought) and rented.
Comparability — Uruguay [top]
Because of lack of any definition, the category "inherited" was coded into "other" in 1985. Response categories vary throughout the years -- see the unharmonized source variables for more detail and explanation.
Comparability — Venezuela [top]
The 1971 sample categorizes subletting and usufruct situations not identified in later samples.
Comparability — Vietnam [top]
The categorization is consistent between samples. Persons in "simple houses" in 1999 were not asked the question on ownership. These are dwellings constructed of makeshift or plant materials. Nearly all households were asked the question in 2009.
Comparability — Zambia [top]
The variables are generally comparable.
Argentina 1970: Private households
Argentina 2010: All households
Armenia 2001: All households
Austria 1981: Private household, except single rooms without kitchen
Austria 2011: Conventional dwellings
Bangladesh 1991: All households
Bangladesh 2001: Permanent households
Bangladesh 2011: Non-floating households
Belarus 1999: All households
Belarus 2009: Residential non-collective houses or apartments
Benin 1979: All households
Benin 1992: Private households
Bolivia 1976: Occupied dwellings
Bolivia 1992: Private, occupied dwellings
Botswana 1981: Private households
Brazil 1960: Not group quarters; occupied (not vacant) units
Brazil 2010: Occupied permanent private households
Burkina Faso 1996: All households
Cambodia 1998: Regular households
Cambodia 2004: All households
Cameroon 1976: Occupied households
Cameroon 1987: Private households
Canada 1981: Private households
Canada 2011: All households
Chile 1960: Households in which the head was sampled
Chile 1970: Occupied dwellings
Chile 1982: Private occupied dwellings with people present
Chile 1992: Private occupied dwellings
Colombia 1973: All households
Colombia 1985: Occupied dwellings
Costa Rica 1963: Private occupied dwellings
Dominican Republic 1981: All households
Dominican Republic 2002: Private occupied designated households
Dominican Republic 2010: Occupied private dwellings
Ecuador 1962: Households in which a head was sampled
Ecuador 1974: Private dwellings
Ecuador 1982: Occupied private dwellings
Ecuador 1990: Private occupied dwellings with persons present during enumeration
Egypt 1986: All households
Egypt 2006: Private households
El Salvador 1992: Occupied private households
El Salvador 2007: Occupied private households with people present
Ethiopia 1984: Urban households with information collected
Ethiopia 2007: Households that responded to the long form
Fiji 1986: All households
Finland 2010: All households
France 1962: Ordinary and non-mobile dwellings
France 1968: Ordinary households in principal residence
Germany 1971: Occupied private dwellings
Germany 1981: Occupied households in single-household dwellings
Germany 1987: Private dwellings
Ghana 2000: Occupied private households
Greece 1971: Regular dwellings
Greece 2011: All households
Guatemala 1964: All households
Guatemala 1981: Private occupied households
Guinea 1983: All households
Guinea 1996: Non-collective dwellings
Haiti 1971: All households
Haiti 1982: Occupied households in the communes of Port-au-Prince, Pétion-Ville and Croix des Bouquets
Haiti 2003: Occupied private households
Honduras 1961: Households consisting of a head
Honduras 1988: Private households
Hungary 1970: Private households
Hungary 2011: Occupied private households, seasonal and non-residential housing units
India 1983: All households
Indonesia 1971: All households
Indonesia 2005: Ordinary households
Indonesia 2010: Households in regular enumeration areas and enumerated apartments in remote areas
Iran 2006: Conventional residential units
Iraq 1997: Private households
Ireland 1971: Private households in non-mobile dwellings
Ireland 2002: Private households
Israel 1972: Urban households
Israel 1983: Regular households
Israel 1995: Private and Kibbutz households
Israel 2008: Private households
Italy 2001: Private households living in a dwelling
Italy 2011: Private households
Jamaica 1982: All households
Jamaica 1991: Private households
Jordan 2004: Not hotel or public housing units
Kenya 1989: Private dwellings
Kenya 1999: All households
Kenya 2009: Conventional households or refugee camps
Laos 2005: Private households
Lesotho 1996: All households
Liberia 2008: All households
Malawi 1987: Private households
Malaysia 1970: All households
Malaysia 1980: Private households
Mali 1987: All households
Mexico 1960: Households in which the head was sampled
Mexico 1970: All households
Mexico 1990: Dwellings except shelters
Mexico 2010: Dwellings built for habitation
Morocco 1982: Non-nomadic households
Morocco 1994: Non-tent households
Morocco 2014: All households
Mozambique 2007: Private households
Myanmar 2014: Conventional households
Nepal 2001: All households
Nicaragua 1971: Private occupied households
Nicaragua 1995: Private occupied households with people present
Nicaragua 2005: Private households with people present or hotels, boarding houses and guest houses
Nigeria 2006: All households
Pakistan 1998: All households
Palestine 1997: All households
Palestine 2007: Not households in Jerusalem annexed by Israel in 1967
Panama 1960: Private occupied households
Panama 1980: Private occupant-present non-condemned households
Panama 1990: Private occupied households with occupants present
Papua New Guinea 1980: Private urban households
Papua New Guinea 1990: Occupied urban households
Papua New Guinea 2000: Occupied private households
Paraguay 1972: Private occupied households
Paraguay 2002: Private occupied households (non-indigenous)
Peru 1993: Private, occupied dwellings with people present
Philippines 1990: All households
Philippines 2010: Households in buildings intended for habitation
Poland 1978: Private dwellings excluding mobile or provisional housing
Portugal 1981: Private households in conventional dwellings of usual or secondary residence
Portugal 1991: Private households in conventional dwellings of usual residence
Puerto Rico 1970: Occupied, private dwellings
Romania 1977: All households
Rwanda 1991: All households
Rwanda 2002: Private households
Saint Lucia 1980: All households
Senegal 1988: All households
Senegal 2013: Ordinary households
Sierra Leone 2004: All households
South Africa 1996: Private households
South Africa 2011: Private households in housing units or converted hostels
South Africa 2016: All households
South Sudan 2008: All households
Spain 1991: All households
Spain 2001: Non-collective households
Sudan 2008: All households
Suriname 2012: All households
Switzerland 1970: Private households except emergency shelters
Tanzania 1988: All households
Thailand 1970: Private households
Togo 2010: All households
Trinidad and Tobago 1970: All households
Trinidad and Tobago 2000: Households that completed the interview
Trinidad and Tobago 2011: Private occupied households
Turkey 1985: Private households
Turkey 1990: Housing units
Uganda 1991: Private households
Uganda 2014: All households
United Kingdom 1991: All households
United Kingdom 2001: Private households
United States 1960: Not group quarters, not improvised dwellings
United States 2005: Occupied dwellings
United States 2010: Occupied private dwellings
Uruguay 1963: Occupied private dwellings
Uruguay 1975: Occupied dwellings
Uruguay 1985: All households
Venezuela 1971: Private occupied dwellings
Venezuela 1981: Occupied dwellings
Venezuela 1990: Private permanent occupied dwellings
Vietnam 1999: Not "simple" dwellings
Vietnam 2009: Households with a dwelling
Zambia 1990: Occupied private dwellings
Zambia 2000: All households
Zimbabwe 2012: Private households
Austria: 1981, 1991, 2001, 2011
Burkina Faso: 1996, 2006
Canada: 1981, 1991, 2001, 2011
Colombia: 1973, 1985, 1993, 2005
Dominican Republic: 1981, 2002, 2010
Fiji: 1986, 1996, 2007, 2014
France: 1962, 1968, 1975, 1982, 1990, 1999, 2011
Germany: 1971, 1981, 1987
Ghana: 2000, 2010
Guatemala: 1964, 1981, 1994, 2002
Guinea: 1983, 1996
Honduras: 1961, 1988, 2001
India: 1983, 1987
Indonesia: 1971, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2005, 2010
Iran: 2006
Ireland: 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002, 2006, 2011, 2016
Italy: 2001, 2011
Kenya: 1989, 1999, 2009
Lesotho: 1996
Liberia: 2008
Mexico: 1960, 1970, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2010, 2015
Mozambique: 2007
Pakistan: 1998
Palestine: 1997, 2007
Panama: 1960, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010
Paraguay: 1972, 1982, 1992, 2002
Philippines: 1990, 2000, 2010
Poland: 1978, 1988, 2002
Romania: 1977, 2011
Spain: 1991, 2001, 2011
Suriname: 2012
Tanzania: 1988, 2012
Togo: 2010
United Kingdom: 1991, 2001
United States: 1900, 1910, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015
Vietnam: 1999, 2009


text:
Q: confirm box styling I want to style the confirm box generated by JavaScript. I want the background color of the box to be green and replace ok/cancel with yes/no. Do you know how to do this ?

A: You can't style a confirm(); alert -- this is generic to the browser. Instead, look into alternatives such as boxy for jQuery: http://onehackoranother.com/projects/jquery/boxy/

Of course, you can style this in CSS until your heart melts. ;-)

A: You can also use the jQuery dialog box. Check this out jQuery Dialog

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