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Community  Diversity
Fruit fly detections in Auckland – Expert Q&A
February 21, 2019Diversity, Environment
Press Release – Science Media Centre
Two different species of exotic fruit flies have been found in Auckland in the past week . Both pose a risk to New Zealand's horticulture industry and the threat is unlikely to disappear.
Two different species of exotic fruit flies have been found in Auckland in the past week. Both pose a risk to New Zealand's horticulture industry and the threat is unlikely to disappear.
News of the second discovery, a species native to Tonga that was found in Ōtara, broke yesterday afternoon. Meanwhile, biosecurity restrictions remain in place in Devonport after a Queensland fruit fly was discovered last week. RNZ reported that the Ministry for Primary Industries has ordered an independent review of its biosecurity systems.
The SMC prepared a Q&A with biosecurity experts.
Dr Karen Armstrong, Senior Research Officer, Bio-Protection Research Centre, based at Lincoln University.
The Queensland fruit fly has so far been detected five times in the upper North Island in the past decade. Are we likely to see more Queensland fruit flies turning up in New Zealand in the future? Why?
"Yes, we will inevitably see more Queensland fruit flies arrive in New Zealand. This won't necessarily be more frequently, unless their numbers in SE Australia erupt, but the threat will not disappear.
"Regardless of the relatively extensive pre-, at- and post-border systems in place, it's impossible to secure New Zealand against this pest which can go undetected inside a piece of fruit, and enter the country through many different routes."
The Queensland fruit fly has been described as one of the biggest threats to New Zealand horticulture. What crops are most at risk from the fruit fly?
"This species is a generalist, with a vast range of fruit that it can develop on and damage. The fruits most likely to be attacked after initial introduction will depend on what is available close to where the first adults emerge.
"But some hosts for Queensland fruit fly are better than others. From a New Zealand commercial perspective apples might be at most risk. Second only in export value to kiwifruit (NZD 1.7 billion), apples (NZD 0.7 billion) are a preferred host. As well as damaging the fruit this species is able to develop well in the fruit and the pest numbers can easily grow. Similarly at risk are citrus, stone fruit, pears, berries and avocado crops.
"Kiwifruit and grapes for wine, on the other hand, are not known elsewhere as preferred hosts for the Queensland fruit fly. They can be attacked but the flies develop poorly such that the numbers are unlikely to proliferate as they do with apples. For example, in grapes overseas, significant fruit damage is only seen when Queensland fruit fly numbers are extremely high. Therefore these crops in New Zealand, because of their high export value, may be the impacted largely by loss of market access and management restrictions."
A second type of fruit fly – a facialis fruit fly – has been found in Auckland. How worried should the horticulture industry be about the discovery of this second fruit fly?
"The horticultural industry should not be more worried than they will already be for the Queensland fruit fly. Fruit fly reaching New Zealand is inevitable, and this is that time of year.
"But with the pre- and at-border systems we have in place, the number getting here is substantially less than it would otherwise be. With the experience we have and world-class surveillance and response systems in place, we stand a high chance of preventing establishment of these pests, as we have before.
"This second species is a significant economic pest in its home range, confined to Tonga. It has been intercepted in New Zealand before. But, in our favour, it does not show the same invasive tendency like the Queensland, Mediterranean and Oriental fruit flies or have as broad a host range, although its hosts do include citrus, peach, capsicum, mango and avocado. The climate in south Auckland will not be as favourable as it is in Tonga."
Is it possible that there are other potentially-damaging species in New Zealand that haven't yet been detected?
"If there are other potentially damaging exotic species here, as yet undetected, it would be hard to know until they became an obvious problem. And for fruit flies that clearly hasn't been the case. Detections and eradications have always been successful."
What's the worst-case scenario if a population of Queensland fruit fly were to establish itself in New Zealand?
"New Zealand and Chile are the only major horticultural producing countries in the world that are free from fruit fly species that attack commercial fruit.
"Therefore, no matter which type of fruit the fly was shown to be established on, New Zealand would lose its pest-free status.
"In the immediate term, our biggest fresh fruit exports of kiwifruit and apples, and others such as cherries, avocados and capsicum, could be locked out of trade for a period with their largest markets in Asia, the Americas and Europe until eradication was proven. These regions do not have this fruit fly species which would put their own fruit industries at risk.
"The worst-case scenario would be if eradication was not possible. New Zealand's standing on the global fresh fruit market would be severely undermined, and our competitive advantage and premium returns eroded through pre-export treatments and loss of fruit quality. Excluding wine exports (NZD 1.7 billion), horticulture is New Zealand's fourth largest export industry (NZD 2.2 billion, ~6 per cent of total exports), and 80 per cent of our fruit crops are vulnerable to attack. Fruit for processing would also be impacted by production loss and pest management measures.
"For the home gardener keen on their own fruit, there would be the inconvenience and cost of monitoring with traps and increased use of pesticides, bringing additional environmental and health impacts."
How is the Queensland fruit fly able to travel from Australia to an Auckland suburb?
"It is not likely that commercial fruit would be a source. Australian fruit exporters adhere to strict import health standards, and their continued trade with New Zealand is dependent on fruit fly-free fruit.
"Compliance by visitors to New Zealand, on the other hand, depends on how well we get the message out that fruit fly introduced to New Zealand would have serious economic consequences for the country. The major airports are fairly well managed in that regard. But, for example, it is more difficult to monitor visitors arriving on yachts or cruise ships bringing fruit that they may have bought in Australian or Pacific Island markets."
Why have they been most likely to be found in the upper North Island? Are there other regions that are equally at risk?
"Greater number of interceptions in the North Island is likely because of the greater number of people arriving into Auckland from Australia and the Pacific, compared with South Island ports.
"However, the consistently warmer temperature and higher humidity in the North Island will also encourage completion of the flies' life cycle. So eggs or larvae that arrive in fruit are more likely to reach the adult stage. This is the life stage that our year-round trapping system detects. And, of course, these are also the conditions that suit growth of backyard fruit, which provides convenient and available host material for much of the year.
"Conversely, even if infested fruit is introduced to the South Island, the cooler, dryer conditions of the east coast where the major ports are mean the flies may never emerge. For the same reasons availability of backyard host fruit material is less.
"Climate warming has been predicted to change this, such that the east coast of the South Island would provide more suitable temperatures for the Queensland fruit fly to develop."
What border biosecurity measures are in place, for both international travellers and produce importers, to prevent the fruit fly coming in?
"Information is key. Getting this out to travellers as they enter the country, explaining what to look for and why, and making it easy to mitigate the risk, such as with fruit amnesty bins at the airports, encourage visitors to understand the importance to this country and to comply. But as a backup, fruit detector dogs and X-rays are used for flights and passengers coming from high-risk places such as Queensland and the Pacific.
"Importers of fresh fruit, on the other hand, have a clear and strict import health standard to work with. This includes pre-export inspections and disinfestation treatments, such as keeping the fruit in the cold for a period of time, or low-level irradiation for others such as mangoes. During transit, the produce must be contained in a way that makes it impossible for the fruit to become infested, and once it arrives in New Zealand it's transported directly to an approved inspection facility for final clearance."
Why is it necessary to place bans on taking fresh fruit and vegetables outside an area where fruit flies have been found?
"Infested fruit are difficult to distinguish from clean fruit until they're cut or eaten. Therefore moving fruit around increases the risk that adults may emerge in a different place to where the original infestation was introduced.
"This helps the pest spread. But it also makes it harder for authorities to contain and understand the likely distribution of the fly, which is essential for successful eradication.
"The result of not being able to contain fruit to the original area will be geographically wider and longer disruption to the public, small businesses and growers while an eradication programme is in place."
Are there other similar threats to horticulture in New Zealand that biosecurity authorities are on the look-out for?
"Many. Besides the many other damaging fruit flies, such as the Mediterranean and Oriental fruit flies, there is the hitchhiker pest brown marmorated stink bug. This has a large, indiscriminate range of fruit that it feeds on. But in autumn, when they seek shelter to overwinter, they become a severe urban pest, aggregating in the thousands and invading crevices in houses.
"Drosophila suzukii, the spotted wing drosophila, looks like the small fly you find around ripe fruit in your fruit bowl. But this species is unusual in that it attacks ripening fruit before harvest. It attacks a wide range of crops, including grape. Endemic to Asia, it has recently shown a disturbing invasive movement into the temperate regions of the USA and Europe.
"The spotted lanternfly, another species endemic to Asia, is an emerging pest of pip fruit, stone fruit, kiwifruit, and grapes. It has only recently invaded the USA where its numbers have grown rapidly. Also, a hitchhiker that is difficult to detect, it is difficult to control with pesticides.
"The kanzawa spider mite and serpentine leafminer have also been on watch lists for a while with potentially significant economic impacts on New Zealand's horticultural industry."
No conflicts of interest declared.
Dr David Teulon, Better Border Biosecurity and Plant & Food Research, and Dr John Kean, Better Border Biosecurity and AgResearch.
"New Zealand (government and industry) has invested in an extensive fruit fly (including Queensland fruit fly) trapping system in anticipation of continued fruit fly incursions, and to provide assurances to our trading partners of continuing fruit fly freedom.
"It is impossible to eliminate all risk of Queensland fruit fly (QFF) entering NZ without stopping trade and travel (tourism and returning New Zealanders). QFF is present in Australia, French Polynesia and New Caledonia. Increasing trade and tourism to New Zealand mean that the risk of detections or incursions of QFF will remain."
The Queensland fruit fly has been described as one of the biggest threats to New Zealand horticulture. What crops are most at risk from the fruit fly? What's the worst-case scenario if a population were to establish itself in New Zealand?
"QFF infests a wide range of crops in Australia and is of concern for many horticultural crops in New Zealand (see MPI's website). The GIA Fruit Fly Council – a NZ government/industry group that aims to reduce the potentially devastating impact of a fruit fly incursion (including QFF) – represents about 12 industry groups.
"A worst-case scenario would be the establishment of a permanent breeding population of QFF in New Zealand. Such a scenario could potentially stop exports of host crops from a given region, depending on the responses from the country where the exports are being sent. Such a situation could also see QFF spoiling the fruit in home gardens. This scenario has not occurred in New Zealand due to our multi-layered biosecurity system of prevention, inspection, surveillance and eradication."
How is the fruit fly able to travel from Australia to an Auckland suburb?
"The principal means by which fruit flies travel long distances is as eggs or larvae inside fruit.
"Potential pathways include trade, tourism, returning NZers, and mail, for which New Zealand has a layered biosecurity system to prevent the establishment of fruit fly in NZ.
"It is highly unlikely that QFF adults can spread to NZ naturally (e.g. by wind from Australia)."
"For several reasons. The upper North Island is the area of focus for entry of traded goods and international travellers (i.e. the main pathways and points of entry). The climate is also favourable for many fruit flies. MPI and industry recognise the relatively high risk in this area by deploying the greatest concentration of traps for detecting QFF and other fruit flies. The fruit fly trapping system covers all of NZ, with trap numbers proportional to assessed risk."
"Biosecurity is a multi-layered system with each layer contributing to the reduction in the probability of fruit fly entering New Zealand. There are multiple measures in place to prevent fruit fly arriving through commercial pathways (e.g. pest-free areas of production, pre-export inspection, border inspection etc.). Passenger arrivals are managed via the processes we are familiar with at the airport."
Why is it necessary to place bans on taking fresh fruit and vegetables outside an area where a Queensland fruit fly has been found? What factors go into deciding how long to maintain a ban?
"Fruit flies travel as eggs or larvae inside fruit and these are not always obvious externally. Movement controls help to minimise potential spread of fruit flies if a population might be present. This is a necessary part of any successful eradication programme. These controls are removed when it is clear that no population is present."
"The biosecurity community (government, industry, researchers) is continually scanning the world (by various means) for information on pests, diseases and weeds that might negatively impact New Zealand agriculture.
"Some of the current pests of concern for NZ horticulture include: brown marmorated stink bug, spotted winged drosophila, spotted lanternfly, and Pierce's disease (Xylella fastidiosa). But there are potentially many more."
A second fruit fly has been found in Auckland, though it is a different species to the Queensland fruit fly. How worried should the horticulture industry be about the discovery of this second fruit fly?
"We believe that the horticulture industry is worried about any economic fruit fly entering and establishing in NZ. To address this, the Government Industry Agreement Fruit Fly Council has a vision for New Zealand to remain free from economically-significant fruit fly."
Is it possible that there are other potentially damaging exotic species in New Zealand that haven't yet been detected?
"With respect to fruit flies, this seems to be very unlikely. It has not happened before. All previous fruit fly incursions have been located in time for eradication and NZ is considered to be fruit fly free.
"From a broader point of view, it is impossible to keep all pests, diseases and weeds out of NZ without stopping trade and international travel (tourists and returning NZers) and even then some organisms may be blown in by wind. There are a number of occurrences when potentially damaging species have been found in NZ too late for any chance of eradication. Recent data would suggest that the rate of establishment of invasive species is going down relative to the increase in trade and tourism. Nevertheless, given the resources and tools we have in NZ it is important for us to target the high impact species, such as fruit flies, where we have a good chance of success."
Conflicts of interest: Dr David Teulon (Director B3 and Plant & Food Research) and Dr John Kean (Theme Leader B3 and AgResearch) undertake research on invasive species as part of the Better Border Biosecurity (B3) research collaboration which includes research, government and industry parties.


build relationships, and be in community.
We meet next on Friday April 5 at 7pm in the Annex. Join us for a great night and we'll have tacos after!
Every 1st and 3rd Friday of each month, we get together in the Annex from 7-8:30pm. to connect, worship, hear a teaching, and hang out together as a young adult community!
If you are a young adult ages 18-30 we would love to see you there where ever you are at in life!


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Q: how to print a Map Object? sorry if my question is to newbish, but i cant find a solution.
i have a class named Transition that have a map called inNext, and i want to print this Transition object, but i get an error about "cant find the begin or end members" (from map class)
class Transition{

public:
    Transition():inNext(){};
    ~Transition(){};

    map<string, string>& getTransition(){
        return inNext;
    }

    void setTransition(string a, string b){

        inNext.insert(pair<string,string>(a,b));
    }

    void printTransition(Transition a){
        map <string, string>::iterator it;
        for(it = a.begin(); it != a.end(); it++){

            cout << (*it).first << ","<<(*it).second << endl;
        }

    }

private:
    map<string, string> inNext;

};

A: Your method is weird: It's a member function and it takes another instance of Transition (and even copies it for no reason) as an argument. You probably want
void print() {
    // you want to print the content of the map inNext:
    for(map <string, string>::iterator it = inNext.begin(); it != inNext.end(); it++) {
        cout << it->first << "," << it->second << endl;
    }
}

which is called like this:
Transition myTransition = ...;

myTransition.print();

A: begin and end are members of std::map not of your class. You need to call a.inNext.begin() and a.inNext.end().

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


07937 numbers are for mobile phones in Jersey.
Which network uses 07937 numbers?
07937 numbers are officially allocated to Jersey Telecom for mobile phone services.
All 07937 numbers will have originally been issued to customers by Jersey Telecom. However, customers are free to take their number with them when they change networks which means that an 07937 number is not a reliable indicator of which network a phone is currently connected to.
Although mobile phones in Jersey use numbers that look similar to those in the United Kingdom, different charges may apply.
Calls from the UK to mobile phones in Jersey are usually charged at special Channel Islands rates and will not normally be covered by inclusive minutes or bundled talktime.


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Home Automobile Analysts See $0.17 EPS for Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. (CPSS)
Analysts See $0.17 EPS for Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. (CPSS)
September 18, 2017 – By Adrian Mccoy
Investors sentiment increased to 1.33 in Q4 2016. Its up 0.58, from 0.75 in 2016Q3. It improved, as 4 investors sold Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. shares while 14 reduced holdings. 7 funds opened positions while 17 raised stakes. 11.01 million shares or 0.61% more from 10.94 million shares in 2016Q3 were reported.
732,473 are held by Vanguard Group. Blackrock Advisors Ltd Limited Liability Company owns 0% invested in Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. (NASDAQ:CPSS) for 239,941 shares. Tower Rech Cap Ltd Llc (Trc) has invested 0.01% in Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. (NASDAQ:CPSS). Valley National Advisers Incorporated invested in 3,925 shares or 0.01% of the stock. Blackrock Institutional Na holds 0% or 1.06M shares in its portfolio. Hancock reported 0.01% stake. Bancorporation Of Mellon Corp holds 0% of its portfolio in Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. (NASDAQ:CPSS) for 91,125 shares. Dimensional Fund Advsr Limited Partnership holds 2.08M shares or 0.01% of its portfolio. Royal Natl Bank Of Canada accumulated 101,200 shares. Renaissance Technologies Ltd Limited Liability Company accumulated 517,900 shares or 0% of the stock. Blackrock Investment Ltd Liability reported 3,444 shares stake. Goldman Sachs Gru has 69,730 shares for 0% of their portfolio. Nationwide Fund Advsrs reported 1,523 shares. Bancorporation Of America Corp De has 29,560 shares for 0% of their portfolio. Spark Invest Mgmt Limited Liability Com reported 40,200 shares.
Since March 16, 2017, it had 0 insider purchases, and 3 insider sales for $90,033 activity. POWELL CURTIS K also sold $36,889 worth of Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. (NASDAQ:CPSS) on Thursday, March 16.
Wall Street await Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. (NASDAQ:CPSS) to release earnings on October, 16. Analysts forecast EPS of $0.17, down exactly $0.09 or 34.62 % from 2014's $0.26 EPS. The expected CPSS's profit could reach $3.86M giving the stock 6.25 P/E in the case that $0.17 earnings per share is reported. After posting $0.17 EPS for the previous quarter, Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc.'s analysts now forecast 0.00 % EPS growth. About 11,879 shares traded. Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. (NASDAQ:CPSS) has risen 24.05% since September 18, 2016 and is uptrending. It has outperformed by 7.35% the S&P500.
Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. (NASDAQ:CPSS) Ratings Coverage
Among 3 analysts covering Consumer Portfolio Services (NASDAQ:CPSS), 1 have Buy rating, 0 Sell and 2 Hold. Therefore 33% are positive. Consumer Portfolio Services had 5 analyst reports since February 25, 2016 according to SRatingsIntel. The firm has "Market Perform" rating given on Wednesday, March 16 by JMP Securities. Jefferies maintained Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. (NASDAQ:CPSS) rating on Thursday, September 7. Jefferies has "Buy" rating and $6.0 target. Jefferies maintained Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. (NASDAQ:CPSS) rating on Thursday, June 15. Jefferies has "Buy" rating and $600 target. Compass Point downgraded Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. (NASDAQ:CPSS) rating on Thursday, February 25. Compass Point has "Neutral" rating and $5.50 target. The stock has "Buy" rating by Jefferies on Monday, July 24.
Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. is a specialty finance company. The company has market cap of $96.61 million. The Company's business is to purchase and service retail automobile contracts originated primarily by franchised automobile dealers and by select independent dealers in the United States in the sale of new and used automobiles, light trucks and passenger vans. It has a 5.03 P/E ratio. Through its automobile contract purchases, the Company provides indirect financing to the clients of dealers having limited credit histories, low incomes or past credit problems, who it refers to as sub-prime customers.
More notable recent Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. (NASDAQ:CPSS) news were published by: Seekingalpha.com which released: "Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. – Value In An Expensive Market" on March 14, 2017, also Seekingalpha.com with their article: "Consumer Portfolio Services' (CPSS) CEO Charles Bradley on Q1 2017 Results …" published on April 21, 2017, Seekingalpha.com published: "Consumer Portfolio Services' (CPSS) CEO Charles Bradley on Q2 2017 Results …" on July 25, 2017. More interesting news about Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. (NASDAQ:CPSS) were released by: Seekingalpha.com and their article: "Consumer Portfolio Services' (CPSS) CEO Charles Bradley on Q3 2016 Results …" published on October 18, 2016 as well as Globenewswire.com's news article titled: "CPS Announces $206.3 Million Senior Subordinate Asset-Backed Securitization" with publication date: January 18, 2017.
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This week we asked: What does bonding with children look like?
Jenn blogs at McCrenshaw's Newest Thoughts.
From Shannon: Moira spent a lot of time bonding with Daddy in her first few months, usually while he was playing video games.
From Jamie & Harper: Cudding time.
Dionna from Code Name: Mama and her family have been trying to spend more quality time together, so they've been spending a lot of winter nights playing card games.
Tell us: What does bonding with children look like in your family?
This might be my favorite theme. Such sweet photos.
I love all of this sweetness!
Aww, so many sweet pics! My LO is also quite enamored of her teen sister.
Jahnava's photo is that peaceful sweetness… so wonderful!
Charise, I've read about those purring hugs and this image seems to fit your description perfectly!
So THAT'S how you get them to bond, Shannon?! Thanks!
These brought tears to my eyes. There is nothing better than bonding with the babies!!


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Guest Posts, News
Introducing the Melba Women's Big Band
Posted on 8 May 2018 AuthorCathy Connor
Melba Big Band is a newly formed 16 piece band of women musicians in Melbourne, coordinated by pianist Cathy Connor and Drummer Naomi Tan. Musicians in the band are aged between 20 and 60 and are from a range of musical backgrounds including brass bands, jazz groups, concert bands and classical orchestras. Many are emerging jazz musicians currently studyingor recent graduates from VCA, Monash, Box Hill Industries and Melbourne Polytechnic. The more seasoned players bring a wealth of performing experience from different genres and backgrounds. In this post, the band's co-leader shares her thoughts on the band's aspiration and on other issues relating to the experience of women in jazz.
Having enjoyed playing in many all-girl bands in the '70s and '80s, I was keen to assist in getting Melba Big band off the ground. The enthusiasm and team work so far has been truly impressive and I have to say that they are quite a hilarious group of people!
We want the members to own the band and steer its course to a degree, and hope to provide a musical space where emerging players can try new things, consolidate skills, develop improvisation skills, participate in women-composer and arranger concerts, as well as connect socially and professionally. There is already an underlying sense that we may be providing some opportunities which may not be obviously available in the more traditional mostly male band.
We don't really have a pressing feminist agenda or anything. To be honest, we are just flat out actively rehearsing the music, putting the gigs and promotion all together and dealing with the week-to-week practicalities of coordinating a 16 piece organisation, and haven't had much time for any meaningful discussions!
All our musicians have played in mixed bands and have had both positive and negative experiences. The playing field in the jazz scene has traditionally been lopsided in terms of gender, with females being rare, exceptional or just in an obvious minority. For some women and girls this has created an extra hurdle, for some it has provided a positive challenge! Some women say they have felt left behind in predominantly male groups or just sense a lack of opportunity or a long-term lack of encouragement and lowering of confidence. Perhaps this relates to personal experiences (school, family, work, sport) and lived experiences in regards to gender.
I don't really wish to bring sexism into the equation here; but just to say that that there has been a lot of high encouragement from my male jazz colleagues (my husband included!) for this project in the form of practical help and advice.
Early developing or outstanding young musicians tend to forge ahead in spite of hurdles, be they gender-related or otherwise. Often, they are (rightly) welcomed into the upper echelon of the jazz community and are given much support, praise and encouragement. Such fortunates can be mystified by the gender issues facing some of their contemporaries. Many guys will readily acknowledge the talents of an outstanding female player, but unfortunately some will combine that with a less than encouraging attitude to an emerging player. It's a really big topic for discussion and I know that I don't speak for all.
A musician's development can be helped or hindered by so many different factors, and I think for many young women, the gender imbalance can be a real issue. Possibly some even feel that to play a non-traditional instrument is not an appropriate activity for a woman. I'd like to think that that's a perception well and truly buried in the last century! However, It still surprises me that there really are so few women playing jazz in 2018 or continuing to play jazz after school or university.
An all women band certainly has a presence, something which can be a highly positive model and example to young players and the general community. I think that a big band is a huge commitment for all involved and feel that the Melba players are very aware of being involved in a very special team.
The Melbourne Women's Big Band is making its debut at Dizzy's, on Friday 11 May.
Posted in Guest Posts, NewsTagged Cathy Connor, Dizzy's Jazz Club, Melba Big Band, Melbourne Women's Big Band, Naomi TancommentLeave a Comment on Introducing the Melba Women's Big Band
Ready for the 2018 Australian Jazz Bell Awards?
An evening of vocal jazz artistry hosted by Chris McNulty
Pat Metheny: 'I believe profoundly in the power of good notes'


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Q: How to change colour of all numbers in a string in swift I am trying to change colour for all numbers present in a string in swift code.Example:
var mystring = "abc 3423 opqrs 474598 lmno 343543"

(change all number colour to red)
output:

abc 3423 opqrs 474598 lmno 343543
-----in red----------in red-----------in red---

A: I did something like this for a project, So basically this check whether it's a number and save it's location then by using NSAttributedString, we can easily change the character color like this :-
class ViewController: UIViewController {

@IBOutlet weak var mylabel: UILabel!
let numbers = ["0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9"]
var mystring = "abc 3423 opqrs 474598 lmno 343543"

override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()
    let myAttributedString = NSMutableAttributedString(string: "\(self.mystring)")
    var locations: [Int] = []
    let characters = mystring.characters
    var i = 0
    for letter in characters {
        i = i + 1
        letter.debugDescription
        if numbers.contains(String(letter)) {
            locations.append(i)
        }
    }

    for item in locations {
        print(item)
        let myRange = NSRange(location: item - 1, length: 1)
        myAttributedString.addAttribute(NSForegroundColorAttributeName, value: UIColor.redColor(), range: myRange)
    }
    self.mylabel.attributedText = myAttributedString
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
}

override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
    super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}

}

Here is a screenShot

A: I think there's a more efficient way to do this. Instead of finding the locations of the numbers and then creating a range for each of them, just change it on the fly.
    let myString = "abc 3423 opqrs 474598 lmno 343543"
    let redFont = [NSForegroundColorAttributeName: UIColor.red]

    let myAttributedString = NSMutableAttributedString()
    for letter in myString.unicodeScalars {
        let myLetter : NSAttributedString
        if CharacterSet.decimalDigits.contains(letter) {
            myLetter = NSAttributedString(string: "\(letter)", attributes: redFont)
        } else {
            myLetter = NSAttributedString(string: "\(letter)")
        }
        myAttributedString.append(myLetter)
    }

    myLabel.attributedText = myAttributedString

In addition to being more efficient, checking membership in the CharacterSet.decimalDigits is localization-friendly if you intend to support that.

A: First, we need to find the ranges of number existed in the string. One way is to use regular expression
func findNumberRanges(string: String) -> [NSRange]{
    let nsString = string as NSString
    let regex = try? NSRegularExpression(pattern: "[0-9]+", options: [])
    let matches = regex?.matches(in: string, options: .withoutAnchoringBounds, range: NSMakeRange(0, nsString.length))
    return matches?.map{$0.range} ?? []
}

Then we can iterate through ranges of number to add the attribute, in this case to set red color.
func attributedNumberString(string: String, numberAttribute: [String: Any]) -> NSAttributedString{
    let ranges = findNumberRanges(string: string)

    let attributedString = NSMutableAttributedString(string: string)
    for range in ranges{
        attributedString.addAttributes(numberAttribute, range: range)
    }
    return attributedString
}

Here is how it is used:
let redColorAttribute = [ NSForegroundColorAttributeName: UIColor.red]
attributedNumberString(string: "6h40m", numberAttribute: redColorAttribute)

A: I am not much familiar with swift but i have try to make demo in objective c and it's works fine as your requirement if it can help,
  NSString *str = @"abc 3423 opqrs 474598 lmno 343543";

NSMutableAttributedString *str1 = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc]initWithString:@"abc 3423 opqrs 474598 lmno 343543"];

NSArray *arr = [str componentsSeparatedByString:@" "];

for (int i = 0; i < arr.count; i++) {

    NSString *temp = [arr objectAtIndex:i];

    NSCharacterSet* notDigits = [[NSCharacterSet decimalDigitCharacterSet] invertedSet];
    if ([temp rangeOfCharacterFromSet:notDigits].location == NSNotFound)
    {
        NSDictionary *attrs = @{

                                NSForegroundColorAttributeName:[UIColor redColor]
                                };

        NSRange range = [str rangeOfString:[arr objectAtIndex:i]];

        [str1 addAttributes:attrs range:range];
    }

}

UILabel *temp = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 20, 300, 50)];

[self.view addSubview:temp];

temp.attributedText = str1;

You can use logic and concept and can use in swift as your requirement.
Hope this will help :)

A: Here's an extension using Swift 5 using Zig's answer as reference:
  extension String {

    func changeColorForNumbers() -> NSMutableAttributedString {
        let red = [NSAttributedString.Key.foregroundColor: UIColor.red]

        let myAttributedString = NSMutableAttributedString()
        for letter in self.unicodeScalars {
            let myLetter : NSAttributedString
            if CharacterSet.decimalDigits.contains(letter) {
                myLetter = NSAttributedString(string: "\(letter)", attributes: orange)
            } else {
                myLetter = NSAttributedString(string: "\(letter)")
            }
            myAttributedString.append(myLetter)
        }

        return myAttributedString
    }

}

A: NSMutableAttributedString * string = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:"Your Text"];
[string addAttribute:NSForegroundColorAttributeName value:[UIColor redColor] range:NSMakeRange(0,5)]; //give range where you want
[string addAttribute:NSForegroundColorAttributeName value:[UIColor greenColor] range:NSMakeRange(5,6)];//give range where you want
[string addAttribute:NSForegroundColorAttributeName value:[UIColor blueColor] range:NSMakeRange(11,5)]; //give range where you want
YourLable.attributedText = string;


text:
To Your Eternity Anime Series 2 Video Features Hikaru Utada's Theme Song
posted on 2022-10-07 15:04 UTC-8 by Rafael Antonio Pineda
Utada's "Pink Blood" song returns for series 2
The official website for the television anime of Yoshitoki Ōima 's To Your Eternity ( Fumetsu no Anata e ) manga began streaming a new promotional video for the anime's second series on Friday. The video highlights the new characters, and also reveals that Hikaru Utada 's "Pink Blood" theme song from the first series will once again be the theme song for the second series.
The new characters and cast members for the second series include:
Tomori Kusunoki as Hisame
Mitsuki Saiga as Kahaku
Takehito Koyasu as Bonchien Nicoli la Tasty Peach Uralis
The anime will premiere on NHK Educational on October 23. Crunchyroll will stream the second series worldwide except in Asia.
Kiyoko Sayama ( Vampire Knight , Prétear , Amanchu! Advance ) is the new director for the anime, replacing Masahiko Murata . Drive ( ACTORS: Songs Connection , Vladlove ) is the new animation studio, replacing Brains Base . The rest of the main staff members return, including Shinzō Fujita as series script supervisor, Koji Yabuno as character designer, Ryo Kawasaki as music composer, and Takeshi Takadera as sound director.
The anime's first series premiered on NHK Educational in April 2021. The anime was originally slated to premiere in October 2020, but it was delayed to April 2021 due to the anime's production schedule being heavily affected by COVID-19. Crunchyroll streamed the anime.
Kodansha USA Publishing is publishing the manga in English, and it describes the story:
A new manga from the creator of the acclaimed A Silent Voice , featuring intimate, emotional drama and an epic story spanning time and space…
A lonely boy wandering the Arctic regions of North America meets a wolf, and the two become fast friends, depending on each other to survive the harsh environment. But the boy has a history, and the wolf is more than meets the eye as well… To Your Eternity is a totally unique and moving manga about death, life, reincarnation, and the nature of love.
Crunchyroll is releasing the manga in English digitally, simultaneously with its Japanese release.
Ōima launched the manga in November 2016 in Weekly Shōnen Magazine . The manga's first arc ended in December 2019, and the second arc launched in January 2020. The manga won the Best Shōnen Manga award at the 43rd annual Kodansha Manga Awards in May 2019. The manga also ranked on the American Library Association's (ALA's) Young Adult Library Services Association's (YALSA) 2019 list of Great Graphic Novels for Teens.
Sources: To Your Eternity anime's website via Ota-Suke
Tags: AnimeEternity


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Sweater weather is officially upon us, and this Smoky Plum eye makeup look from Pure Anada is the perfect accompaniment to your cozy sweaters and soft scarves. I love how natural makeup can still be fun and bold! Check out this video tutorial by Pure Anada's Kristen von Riesen!


text:
Candidate George W. Bush
brian sweany and Brian D. Sweany
https://www.texasmonthly.com/burka-blog/candidate-george-w-bush/
"I've never been a long-term planner about anything," George W. Bush told this magazine in a May 1994 cover story. "I have lived my life with more of a short-term focus—on the theory that other interesting things would come up for me to do." That candor (Bush insists that he didn't decide to run until June 1993) is a revealing part of his personality, and it was an important aspect of a feature written by one of Texas Monthly's most celebrated profile writers, Skip Hollandsworth. As the 1994 general election geared up between Bush and the popular incumbent, Democrat Ann Richards, Hollandsworth saw part of the campaign's dynamic this way:
Bush is keenly aware that a lot of people, even those who swear allegiance to him, don't know a thing about him as a politician except that he is the former president's boy. George the Younger, he's called. The First Son. The Shrub. Regardless of how much George W. Bush wants to talk about issues, the decisive factors in many voters' minds are likely to be how they perceive him to be like his father and how they perceive him to be different—whether they believe he has his father's strengths or his weaknesses.
A large part of the story is, in fact, introducing Bush to our readers, and a large part of that story is framing his life against the life of his father. Along the way there are stories about the oil business, George Mahon, Kent Hance, Roger Staubach, his drinking problem, the Texas Rangers, and often overlooked facts about his life (for example, that Bush got into Harvard Business School only after he had been turned down by the University of Texas Law School or that the Midland Country Club began awarding a George W. Bush prize to the worst-dressed golfer at an annual tournament). The best stories are offered by his mother, Barbara Bush, who described him as, "A wonderful, incorrigible child who spent many afternoons sitting in his room, waiting for his father to come home to speak to him about his latest transgression."
Of course, this story can't be read without the pressure and emotions about what would come: six years in the Governor's Mansion followed by eight tumultous years in the White House. But his candidacy in 1994 marked one of the significant turning points in the state's political history. Bush went on to defeat Richards in November 53 to 45, and that was the last election in which Democrats would win a statewide office.
Tags: Politics, ann richards, george w. bush
SpeakTruth
He was a successful governor because of the structural limitations on the office, and because he had the sense to let Bob Bullock and Pete Laney call the shots. The era was also much different, encouraging a bipartisan approach. Today, his party has left him — he wouldn't survive a Republican primary.
WUSRPH
As the article demonstrates, he was unprepared to be governor just as he was unprepared to be president. The Bullock-Laney connection kept that from being a source of harm in Texas, but they were not there in D.C. and the country suffered because of it….
I remember that Bullock cussed him out after Bush Jr., kissed him on the cheek according to the Bullock autobiography.
Biography….an autobiography is one written by the person himself, which Bullock did not do.
I remembered when Bullock in June of 1997, announced his retirement by not seeking a 3rd term as LG, that he had zero intentions of writing an autobiography.
I understand that he did do some oral history interviews, but they are sealed for years to come….It will be interesting to see what he had to say when they are finally released.
When his widow, Jan Felts, passes away, I think we'll see the videos.
Candy B
He was not a good Governor, he was a terrible President and frankly not a very nice person. A person of privilege who never, really had a hard day's work in his life – not really. There are countless stories from people across Texas who knew him or met him before he went into politics who just described him as a jerk. He will go down in history as, I believe, one of our ten worst Presidents of all time even lower than Carter. He is responsible for needlessly killing thousands of young men and women in Iraq to finish a war his father didn't a decade earlier. So these days he sends with time with and raising funds for wounded warriors? That is the least he can do for the terrible pain and suffering he caused and it should be his penance for the remainder if his days.
donuthin2
I disagree, I think he was a good governor but agree he was not so good as President. The fact that he collaborated with Bullock and Laney is too his credit. His staff person in charge of appointments had good instincts and helped him place good people in key agency positions. Wonder how he would have been as President had it not been for 9/11? Not great for sure, as he was not prepared for it, but he may have grown into the position and been better.
The worst outcome of his governorship was the catapult of Perry. Perry rode his coat tails to win over John Sharp as Lt Gov and then became Gov and is still Gov. It never appeared that Bush and Perry were close, or that he overtly supported Perry, but the result was the same. Perry is far worse than Bush was goodl
I believe that Bush, Jr., was a dam GOOD governor during his 5 years in office from January 17, 1995-December 21, 2000. He left with a 70% approval rating and the state's unemployment rate was 4%.
When he got to the Presidency, his first term was very good, but the second term was a total disaster.
John Bernard Books
George Bush knew something democrats will never comprehend how to be gracious. Democrats know fear and hatred. It symbolizes what the two parties stand for.
Since Bush Jr., kicked Richards out of the TX Governor's Mansion in 1994, the TX Democrats have NEVER been the same since.
Anyone with their eyes open can see the good in that.
jghyde
GWB was a great governor and a great president. For proof of the latter, one only needs to observe what a total disaster Obama has been.
Beerman
GWB was a good solid Governor; however, to say that he was a great President is an effort to re-write history. Although, I am not a big fan of Obama, the US economy is definitely in better shape today than it was when Obama was elected the first time. That is a fact that cannot be denied, no matter what propaganda you preach, left or right.
Pure BS
The Great Recession was pure BS? The stock market Dow at 16,302 on Friday was pure BS?
Are you lost? The cult did not send you any talking points today?
JBB, if you can't make a point with the strength of your argument and clarity of your vision, at least respond with your dignity intact.
What great recession? The only recession the US has had is because of Obama's policies and incompetence. I don't need to make an argument I have facts on my side. you should try it.
Unwound
This would be funny if it werent so moronic. As usual, youre just electing to toss bombs out without providing any backup. Fact- 48 straight months of job growth. Fact- The recession began in late 07, quite a bit before Obama was sworn in.
JBB, Facts are that we had the worse recession since the 1930's during the end of Bush's presidency. It was a financial disaster that ruined many Americans bank/stock accounts. Your hope of the American people having total amnesia about the Great Recession is a pipe-dream of your cult.
Obviously, your cult has the incapacity to see and understand what is happening in our country……you are delirious……
not sure who is worse, the goober himself or those who respond to the goober, encouraging him.
You got admit they are dumb
Good point and well taken…….
He just feeds off someone responding to him.. The only cure is to ignore him no matter how far out and out of touch with reality he gets.
no we didn't
ghostofann
Let's see…that Great Recession that started in 2007 under Shrub's watch. Ring any bells?
Wilson James
About right. Bush was a good governor, better than the clown we now suffer. But as President, a mess. "Mission Accomplished" the Bush economy, job losses, prestige overseas, bank bailouts, the stock market, consumer confidence……all things Obama has to try to fix.
Bush appeared to have taken a lesson from his dad's incident with The New York Times pool reporter and the checkout scanner in '92, and spent the 1994 campaign pretty much trying to bore the press to death by taking his four issues and simply repeating them over and over again during the campaign, giving them nothing else to work with. And running in a 'backlash' year against Democrats that resulted in control of Congress flipping no doubt helped get him elected over Richards, but the fact he was able to work with Bullock and Laney so well is the main reason he had that 49-point margin against Garry Mauro in 1998, a year in which overall the Republicans didn't do all that well nationally.
You don't win by a 69-20 margin unless a lot of people think you're doing a decent job. You just have to separate Bush's time in Washington from his time in Austin.
Jon, Bush won by 37 percentage points: 68%-31%.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_gubernatorial_election,_1998
The best illustration I know of what kind of a governor and/or president GWB was came out of his answer to a question at a press conference while he was governor. That day one of those think tanks outfits had released a study that said that one-third of Texas' children went to bed hungry each night. Needless-to-say one of those pesky reporter-types could not resist asking the governor what he thought about the report and what it meant for Texas. Bush's response was to tell the reporter that he did not believe the report was correct. She, of course, came back to ask him why he believed it was not true. His response was "Because if it was my staff would have told me" and, since they had not, it could not be valid. Again, needless-to-say, the reporters all laughed at what they took to be a good joke by a know joker. The problem, however, was turned out it WAS NOT A JOKE. He was serious. There he stood a man without curiosity totally dependent on his staff for everything he knew.
The Woman Behind the Kamala Harris Presidential Campaign Is Ann Richards's Granddaughter
A Farewell to Legendary Texas Political Reporter R. G. Ratcliffe
By Carlos Sanchez
The Texanist: What's So Special About the Texas Chili Parlor?
Reactions to the Death of George H. W. Bush
Rita Clements, The Power Behind a Governor, Dies at 86
U.S. Immigration Director Threatens to Jail Elected Officials in Sanctuary Cities
"Will Rap 4 Weed" and Other Independent Candidates for Governor You Probably Won't Hear About Again in 2018
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By Bill King
Ken Paxton Rules That Licensed Handgun Owners Can Bring a Firearm to Church


The Art and Design curriculum aims to engage, inspire and challenge all pupils in a wide range of artistic experiences. Throughout both key stages the children work in both 2D and 3D, experimenting with colour, shape, pattern and texture. They learn about the work of various artists, building a critical understanding and becoming aware of the role of art and design in our history and culture.
Our children use sketchbooks to record their observations and responses. There are many opportunities to experiment with materials, tools and techniques, modifying and improving their initial ideas. We believe that the process is as important as the end result and celebrate every child's efforts. Every month the children have the opportunity to submit their favourite pieces in the 'Artist of the Month' competition and work is shared with all the school to engage and inspire more budding artists.
Children are able to join the after school Arty Time club and we are aiming to start an Art club for Key Stage 1 during school time too.


December is typically the month where companies, clients, job-seekers, recruiters, and entrepreneurs gather share their successes and to celebrate the year's end together.
Crowd view at Geekwire Gala inside Museum of History and Industry. December 2016.
Seattle Startup Week November 12-19th was a great way to make new contacts.
International Employment Experts has been connecting to various technical communities on the Eastside and Seattle areas. We've been listening to software and application developers, company owners, startup founders, job seekers, innovators and executives to find out what's been successful for them this year.
Our office is located in downtown Bellevue, and we've been pleasantly surprised to meet many members of the New Tech community who are located within blocks of us. The tech community is expanding very rapidly in Bellevue! International Employment Experts is committed to helping early stage companies and job seekers build success together. We're proud to announce that we've become a sponsor in the Eastside for New Tech Northwest community.
Our team also joined 1,000 other attendees for the sixth annual GeekWire holiday Gala where 'geeks, techies, entrepreneurs, engineers, and everyone in between' from the Seattle community gathered for a holiday celebration at the Museum of History & Industry.
Angela, Cindy, Steve and Tanner pose in the Moz photo booth at the Geekwire Gala.
The gala was sold out. Attendees wore clothes ranging from Christmas-themed pajamas to tuxedos. We all sported Hawaiian-themed clothing, even though the outside temps were quite chilly and windy (in the 30's).
International Experts hopes to see and meet more of you in 2017 in local networking events. Or just give us a call, we'll come out and visit your office– we may even have some cookies or other treats.


Keywords: PEM fuel cell systems; Second order sliding mode control; Experimental results; Ingeniería de Sistemas y Comunicaciones; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Ingeniería Electrónica e Ingeniería de la Información; INGENIERÍAS Y TECNOLOGÍAS.
This paper addresses the implementation of a data-driven control strategy in a real test bench based on proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The proposed control scheme is based on unfalsified control, which allows adapting in real time the control law by evaluating the performance specifications based only on measured input-output data. This approach is especially suitable to deal with nonlinearity, model uncertainty, and also possible faults that may occur in PEMFCs. The control strategy has been applied to several experimental practical situations in order to evaluate not only the system performance, but also different fault scenarios. The experimental results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed approach to regulate the oxygen stoichiometry in real-time operation, as well as to maintain a proper system performance under fault situations. Also, a start-up mass-flow controller is added in order to bring the system toward its normal operating conditions.
Keywords: FAULT-TOLERANT CONTROL (FTC) TESTS; OXYGEN STOICHIOMETRY; PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS (PEMFCS); UNFALSIFIED CONTROL (UC); Ingeniería de Sistemas y Comunicaciones; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Ingeniería Electrónica e Ingeniería de la Información; INGENIERÍAS Y TECNOLOGÍAS.
Society is gradually becoming aware that the current energy system based on the use of fossil fuels is inefficient, highly polluting, and finite supply. Within the scientific community and industry stakeholders, there is a unified agreement that indicates that hydrogen (H2), as an energy vector, combined with other sources of alternative energy, represents a safe and viable option to mitigate the problems associated with hydrocarbon combustion because the entire system can be developed as an efficient, clean, and sustainable energy source. In this context, the change from the current energy system to a new system with a stronger involvement of H2 relentlessly involves the introduction of fuel cells as elements of efficient energy conversion.
Keywords: FUEL CELLS; MODELLING; DIAGNOSTIC; CONTROL; Ingeniería de Sistemas y Comunicaciones; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Ingeniería Electrónica e Ingeniería de la Información; INGENIERÍAS Y TECNOLOGÍAS.


A game show on television named The Price Is Right is the world's longest-running game show with episodes five days a week. The contestants can win cash and prizes by guessing the price of various products without going over. It is entertainment for the viewers to play along by guessing for themselves. So many people know the legendary invitation: "Come on down! You're the next contestant on The Price is Right!"
In the game of life, the first people created by God to live in His presence sorely underestimated the price of disobeying the one law that God gave them. They gambled and fell from their paradise garden and were sent to live in a world of corruption and disappointments. The price was hefty and trouble was plenty.
The human race multiplied, and so did their wickedness. Their every inclination was only evil all the time. Among the evil ones, God chose a righteous man named Noah to build an ark that would save his family of eight from a flood that would destroy the rest. Noah obeyed God and was spared with his family.
The human race soon became tribes and nations and people of different languages fighting each other and waging wars, falling into sinful ways and not listening to the warnings of God's prophets about the high price of the consequences.
God had another plan to save many. When the time was full, He sent His only Son as a Saviour for the world. Jesus left His glory on high and was born in Bethlehem into a hostile world. God came down in the flesh to live among us. At age 30, He began His mission to be among the people healing, teaching, feeding, and asking people to believe His Word. Many did so and became followers of Christ.
The grace of God comes with a high price! It came with Jesus dying on Calvary's cross! The disciples of Christ got the price right by believing that Jesus suffered the cruel death as the right price to satisfy His heavenly Father's judgement on our sin. The sinless and holy blood of the Lamb of God is the only price that God the Father acknowledges as righteousness for our sin. Without it, there is no accepted currency to receive forgiveness of sins.
Let this be the day to discover and receive Jesus into our hearts and be right with Him! Let us be grateful forever that Jesus paid the appointed right price for our condemned souls. Thank You, Jesus, for the rewards that You offer when we choose to have You first in our hearts!
Prayer: Holy Father, thank You for coming with salvation to save us through the heavy price paid by Your Son, through whom we have entrance to Your kingdom. Thank You for Your everlasting love, that You give us eternal life in Your heaven, and on earth the faith to rely on Your presence and power to be conquerors in our trials. In our hearts and lives, we rejoice in Your great love! Lifting Your name on high, we pray. Amen!
Thanks, Kirsti, for sharing this devotional with us. May we always "come on down" to kneel at the altar. Blessings.
It is amazing where one can discover spiritual messages, indeed, they exist all around us!
Thanks, Kirsti, for reminding us again that the price, so costly, was paid in full!
Thank you for a most meaningful devotional this morning. Yes, what a price was paid by our Lord and Saviour!
A wonderful reminder to any who have never made this decision. Hopefully, they will heed your message before it is too late.
Amen Kirsti! I hope you are well.
This is a precious devotional of the truths kept alive in the Word of God for us to re-experience week by week, year by year, yet alive and new every morning.


text:
Q: Why do I need to specify viewBox property when I'm referencing SVG from another file which have viewBox specified? In my external file called icons.svg I have:
<symbol viewBox="0 0 1117.48 823.88" id="a_day_at_the_park" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!-- ... -->

In my HTML:
<svg viewBox="0 0 1117.48 823.88">
  <use xlink:href="icons.svg#a_day_at_the_park"></use>
</svg>

<svg>
  <use xlink:href="icons.svg#a_day_at_the_park"></use>
</svg>

The first one works good (with viewBox) - exactly like inline SVG.
What is the reason to specify viewBox in external file when it doesn't work when using it with use?
I would like to have the same result when I'm using use without having to specify viewBox. I have several icons which have different viewBox but it seems it's not possible and I always have to copy that to my HTML?

A: The viewBox tells the browser how the content of the SVG is to be positioned and scaled.  You need to have it on any SVG if you want it to be responsive, or if the content inside the SVG is drawn at a different scale from the final size it will be rendered at.
For example, if your SVG is always going to be 24x24, and your content (that includes symbols) is within that 24x24 box, you don't need any viewBoxes.

<svg width="0" height="0">
  <symbol id="icon">
     <rect width="24" height="24" fill="orange"/>
     <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10" fill="red"/>
   </symbol>
 </svg>

 <svg width="24" height="24">
   <use href="#icon"/>
 </svg>

But if they are not designed to be scale 1:1, then the rendered SVG, will always need a viewBox.  However the symbol doesn't necessarily have to have one.

<svg width="0" height="0">
  <symbol id="icon">
     <rect width="100" height="100" fill="orange"/>
     <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40" fill="red"/>
   </symbol>
 </svg>

 <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
   <use href="#icon"/>
 </svg>


Tell us about your childhood. Where were you born and where did you grow up?
I was born in rural Indiana in a very small town of about 2,500 people. A place where you knew everyone and everyone knew you.
Have you always been a writer? When did you first start writing and what was the first thing you ever wrote?
Honestly, I fancied myself more of a reader than a writer. But, science has always been my first love, and that is evident with my current full-time profession working in cancer research for nearly 10 years now. I started writing shortly after my father passed away from cancer in 2015. It was difficult going back to work after losing him with the nature of my work. It was a distraction at first that has blossomed into my second love.
You are an international bestselling author. How did you get here? What are the struggles you faced?
It wasn't easy. The book markets are saturated with so many new releases and authors. The project that finally gave me that coveted orange flag was an anthology project with several MC authors. We worked so hard to get that book out into the world and becoming an international bestseller because of it was an amazing gift.
That's a tough one. I'll be honest. I'm really not a thrill-seeking kind of girl. Other than publishing my first book, I would have to say the most adventurous thing that I have ever done would be to go on an alligator swamp tour. The alligators were everywhere, and the boat captain had a baby gator on board that he let me hold.
How did you come up with the Heaven's Rejects MC?
My husband and I frequently travel to Los Angeles every year to visit friends and family. The year that my father passed away was a time of turmoil both in the aftermath of his passing and my husband's job change and move. He decided that we would bring along our 6-year-old niece on the trip with us, which meant a trip to Disneyland. As we were pulling in, a motorcycle club pulled into the parking garage with their little girls dressed in their princess costumes riding on the back of them. That image was enough to inspire the first scene of Heaven Sent ever to be written.
Who is Voodoo and why did you decide to give that character that specific name?
Voodoo is the tech specialist in the Heaven's Rejects series. The inspiration behind his name came from a trip to New Orleans, my home away from home. You'll see more NOLA inspired themes coming in a new series that I am currently developing and will be debuting this fall.
Are you a fan of motorcycles yourself? Did you ever learn how to ride one?
Oh, definitely. I have love motorcycles for as long as I could remember. My father rode a bike, and many of my friends did as well as we got older. While I have never gotten my motorcycle license, I have taken them out for a quick ride a time or two. My husband's family is also big into motorcycles.
How did your experience in cancer research help you with the book Damaged? Are there any other parts of your life that have inspired any of your other stories?
It helped me bring a new perspective to cancer research. A sinister and dark side if you will. So many people are faced with this horrible disease each year. There was a time in my father's illness that I begged for a miracle to save him, which is exactly Evie's predicament. In terms of my other cancer-based novella, Cassie's Court, her plight is written straight out of my father's illness and my experience being on the other side of the hospital bed. Several things that have happened to me in my life have inspired scenes in stories, and I have an entire book coming down the road that has many personal details of real-life experiences.
You are a writer as well as a cancer research scientist. How do you balance the two jobs?
Most days it is difficult to find time to write. Though working full-time gives me financial security for my family, writing is what I would like to do full-time in the future. But for right now, I try to balance things as much as I can with writing in the evenings and during lunch at work. It's hard, but I make it work.
What does it mean to be a Hoosier by birth, and a Boilermaker by choice?
It's a bit of a joke. Residents of Indiana are known as Hoosiers. The origin has never been really discovered, but it's stuck. In Indiana, there's a huge in-state rivalry between two universities, Indiana University and Purdue University. Indiana University's mascot is the Hoosier and Purdue, where I went to school, are the fighting Boilermakers. So, because I was born in Indiana, I am identified as a Hoosier, but with my college education, I am a Boilermaker.
I know that you're very fond of everything paranormal. Have you ever had any paranormal experiences?
I have! Last year, my husband and I toured the Queen Mary ocean liner that is now a floating museum in Long Beach, California. A part of our tour was a paranormal tour of the ship. I'm not usually spooked by much, but on one particular part of the tour, something strange happen. The guide took us into the very front of the ship under the wheelhouse. As in I could literally touch the point at the front of the ship from the inside of it's hull. The Queen Mary struck a submarine during the World War and sunk it, killing all aboard. The area in which we were in was where the sub had hit, and the damage was clear as day in the hull. While the guide talk, a deep sense of dread hit me. I couldn't breathe, and my stomach wouldn't stop churning. A common occurrence for women in that room I was told later.
One of the guides helped me outside of the room for more air along with my husband. As we stood there, I heard footsteps from above us. I asked the guide what us was above, and he told me it was the wheelhouse and front promenade deck. I mentioned the footsteps, and he told me that was impossible because that portion of the ship had been closed to the public for years.
What is the most challenging part about writing romance?
For me, finding time to actually write. Once I get in front of my laptop, my fingers fly over the keys. It's as close as I can get to peace and happiness. Just me, and the story in my head.
Do you have a secret to success?
When I find success, I will sure let you know. The only advice that I can give to someone just breaking into this business would be to keep writing. Don't let anyone stop you from putting it out there. The difference from one book to another could make you a success.
I am currently working on a new series with three great authors that will be the first of it's kind. A reader inspired experience like none other before it.
Author Avelyn Paige was born in a rural small town of about only 2500 people in Indiana. Having worked in cancer research for almost ten years now, Science has always been Avelyn's first love. Finding refuge in writing in 2015 after her father passed away due to cancer, Paige has found her second love in writing. A lover of motorcycles for as long as she can remember, Paige is an international bestseller and has taken inspiration for her stories from various instances of her life. Her only advice to anyone who is starting to write is to keep writing and not let anyone stop them from putting it out there. Currently working on a new series with three great authors that she promises will be the first of its kind; Avelyn struggles to find the time to write with her full-time job and hopes that one day she will be able to pick up writing full-time.


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CANADIAN IMMIGRATION DETENTION CENTRES
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND WELCOME NEW IMMIGRANTS
BUYING A HOME AS AN IMMIGRANT
Detention can be anywhere from 48 hours to five years
Published by Hillfield Immigration on 22nd June, 2021
The Canada Border Services Agency can detain foreign nationals and permanent residents under certain conditions — including if they pose security risks or are unlikely to appear for immigration proceedings — but must first consider all reasonable alternatives.
A person may be detained at a CBSA immigration holding centre in Toronto, Laval, Que., or Vancouver. In other regions, people may be held in provincial jails. The CBSA says both provide separate accommodation for men, women and families, have outdoor recreational areas, provide daily meals, access to games, televisions and telephones, visitation areas and medical services.
The Vancouver centre is at the city's airport and can hold up to 24 detainees for up to 48 hours. Men and women are held separately while children may be housed with their mothers. The facility has common rooms, access to games, televisions and telephones.
Everyone in its holding centres get three meals and two snacks per day, and special dietary needs, such as food allergies or specialized diets, are catered to. High risk detainees such as those with a violent criminal background, are held at provincial correctional facilities.
Detainees have their cases reviewed at certain intervals — the first within 48 hours of detention, again after seven days, and then every 30 days until their detention is resolved which means through release into the community, usually on conditions, or through deportation. There's no limit on how long a person can be held. It could be 48 hours before you get out, it could be three months, or it could be five years. Contact Hillfield Immigration if you need advice on your relative in detention.
Those in immigration holding centres are afforded an adequate amount of food and water but have limited amenities. They're not allowed to have internet access which makes it very difficult for them to communicate with family members or others that may be able to help them get the documents that they need. Detainees also have restricted access to phone calls.
There is on-site medical, nursing, psychological and psychiatric care within CBSA-run facilities. Those with special needs are dealt with on a case-by-case. Immigrants held in jails are subject to the same rules as inmates. If a jail goes into lockdown, detainees have to deal with the situation and it can be difficult for family and others to visit them.
Canadian law states that the best interests of the child must be observed in immigration holding centres. In theory, parents largely decide whether or not their child remains with them in detention. If a child has Canadian citizenship and their parents are considered non-citizens when detained, the children themselves are not considered detainees if their parents keep their kids with them. Let our professional legal expert assist with your immigration matter.


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Home Lands Places to Visit Morro Bay WA
Morro Bay Wildlife Area
The Morro Bay Wildlife Area is an approximately 1,300 acre property. Eel grass, ecologically significant as an important food and cover plant, grows on a major portion of the area. Most other significant aquatic plants of the marine zone are species of algae. Although appearing sterile, tidal mudflats provide habitat for very large numbers of invertebrate species. It is the mudflats that are so attractive to shorebirds and supply much of their food. Fish and predatory birds are also present.
For more information, call the Marine Region Monterey office at (831) 649-2870.
Activities: wildlife viewing and hunting
Hunting:
Type C: Morro Bay Wildlife Area does not require the purchase of a hunting pass for entry. Entry permits and/or passes or special drawing may be required for hunting on some Type C wildlife areas.
Hunt Zone Map (PDF)
Fishing and Hunting Regulations
License Items and Fees
NOTE: Visitors are responsible for knowing and complying with all regulations pertaining to the use of Department lands.
Please refer to the Public Uses on State and Federal Lands section of the Waterfowl, Upland Game, and Public Use Regulations (PDF) booklet for both statewide and property-specific regulations. A searchable Property-specific regulations table is also available online.
Pre-Colombian Amerindian inhabitants relied on fishing for both shellfish and finfish as a major source of sustenance. There is evidence that clams and abalone were bartered, and finfish were procured by seines and spears. In addition, wild fowl were caught in nets woven from tules.
The purpose of the acquisition was to provide protection and enhancement of the wetland ecosystem of submerged and tidelands and provide for increased public use opportunities. The property was designated as a wildlife area by the Fish and Game Commission in 1997.
Last update : 10/31/2018 9:35:08 AM
Wildlife Branch - Lands Program
1812 9th Street, Sacramento, CA 95811
Central Region (Region 4)
CDFW Lands Viewer


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Many questions occur during an application process. Some of these questions and the answers you can find here.
How can I apply for a position at s IT Solutions Austria?
You find all our vacant positions on www.s-itsolutions.at under 'Available jobs'. Enter our applicant portal where you can specify all the necessary data and upload various documents by clicking on the button 'Online application' in the respective job ad.
What documents are important for an application?
Please send us a meaningful covering letter and your CV as well as relevant prior employment and academic references. Your covering letter should clearly state why you are interested in our company and the advertised position, and what makes you the right candidate for it.
It is not necessary to address your application directly to an HR representative. Within 24 hours, you will receive a short confirmation e-mail that your application has been registered in our system.
Is it possible to apply for multiple positions at the same time?
If you are interested in several vacant positions, you can certainly apply for more than one position at one time.
Does s IT Solutions Austria offer a trainee programme?
There is the option to participate in Erste Group's trainee programme , the Group Graduate Programme (GGP). For further information, go to 'Graduates' on the Erste Group homepage .
Are there specific hiring dates for graduates?
There are no specific dates. All unfilled positions can be found on our website under 'Available jobs'.
Is there a deadline for specific positions?
If not otherwise specified in the job listing, there is no application deadline.
I found one of your company's job listings on a job platform but cannot find it on your website. May I still apply for this position? Is it still vacant?
The listings on our website are updated daily. If you cannot find the listing on our website, the position is no longer available. Unfortunately, applications will no longer be considered.
English is the language of the entire Erste Group, but at s IT Solutions Austria very good German skills are required as well. However, English is an important working language in many areas, so a good command of the language is desirable. Additional language skills are always beneficial, of course. Should other language skills be required for a position, this is specified in the job listing.
Do you also consider applicants from third countries (non-EU countries) who do not currently hold a work permit in Austria?
Your nationality has no bearing on the application process. If you are the best candidate for the job, our experts in integration management will assist you with applying for a work permit. However, you cannot start working for the company until your Austrian work permit has been issued.


Ben Yedder had been on the pitch just 87 seconds when he controlled a smart pass from Banega , took a touch to steady himself and drilled a fine finish inside De Gea's left-hand post. At the other end, Lukaku set Jesse Lingard up from the right and the winger fired across the keeper, forcing an alert fingertip save from Rico in the 52nd minute.
No one really cares that Paul Casey won on Sunday. "I had a good shot at winning this golf tournament". "Probably not the most significant win of my career, but it's certainly one of the most satisfying ones, the quality of the golf I played", said Casey, who has also won 13 times on the European Tour.
He played in 14 games with 12 starts at cornerback for the Packers last season. Randall appeared to confirm that news. The new Browns are ready. However, his 22 interceptions led the league. In doing so, they might have just made Brett Hundley available for other teams. His comments did not sit well with head coach Mike McCarthy .
During the course of his stay in India, Macron will also visit Agra and Varanasi and have a town hall interaction with students in New Delhi . PM Modi, who spoke before President Macron, said "In defence, we welcome investments in Make in India from France".
Chelsea travel to Camp Nou having rescued a 1-1 draw at Stamford Bridge last time out and Conte acknowledges his team will be facing one of the world's best sides. "The teams ahead of us are going with great velocity", Conte added. Tiemoue Bakayoko could return from his calf problem, but he'll have to pass a late fitness test.
Arsenal have won just three away league games all season and have now lost eight of their past 13 games in all competitions. Arsenal defender Laurent Koscielny admits it will be "very hard" for the club to qualify for the Champions League after another damaging Premier League defeat at the hands of Brighton.
By the standards of previous generations, Deontay Wilder is a perfectly very bad fighter. The WBC champion puts his title on the line against undefeated Cuban southpaw Luis Ortiz here in NY on Saturday night in what is widely considered the hardest fight of his career to date.


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CMO interview: Sponsoring a new way to brand engagement at CMC Markets
Asia-Pacific marketing leader at the UK-based financial services firm talks through her sponsorship strategy, brand repositioning, and efforts to tackle big data
Brad Howarth (CMO)
Catherine Gallagher
Sponsoring sporting teams to boost your brand image can seem like a great idea when the team you back is winning. Less so of course when their fortunes turn.
But for UK-based independent financial services provider, CMC Markets, supporting the NSW Waratahs Super Rugby team has helped align the company with a key customer segment and shared values in the Australian market. The company recently renewed its three-year sponsorship agreement, despite the Waratahs coming in 10th in the competition in 2016.
"For the first two sponsorships they actually won - since then it has been more challenging," jokes Catherine Gallagher, CMC Markets' head of marketing for Asia-Pacific and Canada.
Gallagher says the Waratahs were selected due to a strong crossover between the demographics of its supporters and CMC Markets' existing and target client base of sophisticated investors. She says the sponsorship also provides opportunities for hospitality and staff engagement, and hence is confident of the value the sponsorship is bringing to CMC Markets' brand.
"It is just about going back to our four or five key objectives every year and making sure it is still delivering for us," she says.
CMC Markets has been operating in Australia since 2005, with Gallagher joining in 2013. Three years ago, the company boosted brand investment to achieve the highest awareness in its segment in the Australian market, despite being only the second largest player.
"We set about really changing perceptions at that point, and it was around the time when we were launching a new release to our platform as well," Gallagher says. "A lot of what we have done since then in the offline space, in the brand and the sponsorships, has helped build perceptions and increase our association with key attributes around trust and financial stability.
"And we have seen that impact the top of the funnel, in terms of lowering CPAs across the board, and in general, becoming more efficient."
UK-born Gallagher joined CMC Markets from a role in marketing communications for Australasia for Kyocera's document solutions division. Where that conglomerate's marketing focus was clearly business-to-business, CMC Markets by contrast is a technology driven online financial services business, where customers use its platforms to invest in more than 10,000 trading products.
Gallagher says she was attracted to the data-driven nature of the CMC Markets' offering.
"I was looking for something that had a closed loop when it came to being able to get insights and analysis when evaluating all the activity we are doing in market," she says.
Building the data story
Gallagher's current focus is on better wrangling the huge volumes of customer data that CMC Markets platforms' produce.
"It's about making sense of the big data and making sure we can manage all those transactions across multiple devices and platforms," she explains. "We offer three different trading platforms in Australia for example, so we need to ensure we have adequate tracking."
The goal is to get to a more personal level of communication, particularly with higher value customers.
"We have 10,000 products to trade, so we could go quite crazy in trying to create profiles," Gallagher says. "The big thing is being able to cluster together on a needs basis some of those profiles, and then making sure we can communicate to them where they feel like it is an individual message.
"Right across the industry, the next step that we'd all like to get to is mass personalisation, where we are able to serve clients exactly the content that they need."
Gallagher concedes, however, that despite CMC Markets' existing data-driven stance, there is still much to be done.
"And as that continues to evolve, with more happening in machine learning, there is more that we will want to get involved in as well," she says.
For the near term, Gallagher will be focused on building greater awareness of CMC Markets' audiences and their needs, using first-party data to enhance touchpoints. A key goal is to get all data in one place, and accessible in real time.
"That is front and foremost," she says. "We still want to focus on data and technology being enablers to the overall strategy, but there is quite a lot more that can be done in that space."


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HONGHE CHEMICAL
EXPLORE THE WORLD OF ALUMINA
Influence of Adding High Purity Alumina in Electrolyte on Performance of Lithium-ion Batteries
LIU Lin, ZHANG Shumiao, GAO Hong
The electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries can be effectively improved by adding a small amount of additives into the electrolyte. In this study, nano Al2O3 powder was used as the additive of lithium-ion battery electrolyte, the influence of the amount of nano Al2O3 on the electrochemical properties of lithium-ion batteries were studied by galvanostatic testing and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the addition of nano Al2O3 in the electrolyte could improve the conductivity of the electrolyte, reduce the charge transfer resistance, and improve the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries. When the addition amount of nano Al2O3 was 1. 0%, the lithium-ion battery had the minimum polarization in the charging and discharging process, and the discharge specific capacity reached the peak 155.4mAhg-1 . Moreover, its discharge capacity was 147.5mAhg-1 over 50 cycles with a capacity retention rate of 94. 9% at a rate of 0. 1 C.
Lithium-ion batteries have many advantages, such as high discharge platform, small self-discharge, small volume, light weight, high specific capacity, no memory effect, little pollution, long cycle life, etc. [1-2], so they have become the development focus of secondary batteries. Lithium-ion batteries generally contain three parts: positive material, negative material and electrolyte. Electrolyte plays the role of ionic conduction and electronic insulation between the positive and negative electrode of lithium-ion battery, which is known as the "blood" of lithium-ion battery. The electrolyte of lithium-ion battery is usually composed of organic solvent and soluble lithium salt. Lithium electrolyte salt can provide enough lithium ions to ensure that lithium ions are removed/embedded between the positive and negative electrodes during the charging and discharging cycle, thus completing the battery's charging and discharging cycle. The properties of electrolytes have important effects on the battery's cycle life, operating temperature range, charge-discharge efficiency, safety and power density. Commonly used lithium electrolytes include lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium hexafluorborate (LiBF4), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium hexafluorararsenate (LiAsF6) and lithium diborate (LiBOB) [3-4]. Common solvents for electrolyte solutions include vinyl carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and ethyl carbonate (EMC) [5-6].
The performance of Li-ion battery is largely affected by the properties of electrolyte, and the electrolyte of different systems is used in Li-ion battery with different functions. Adding a certain amount of non-energy storing substances to the electrolyte can improve the conductivity of the electrolyte, the charge-discharge performance, discharge efficiency, service life and safety performance of the battery. These non-energy storing substances are called additives [7]. According to its mechanism of action, additives can be divided into conductive additives, flame retardant additives, overcharge protection additives, low-temperature resistance additives, thermal stability enhancement additives, acid and water content control additives, etc. [5, 8-9].
The organic electrolyte will absorb water in the air, and the electrolyte will contain trace impurity hydrofluoric acid (HF). When the content of both is too high, LiPF6 decomposition will be caused, and the solid electrolyte interface film (SEI film) will be damaged [10]. When oxides such as alumina and magnesium oxide and carbonate of lithium or calcium are added to the electrolyte as additives, the additives can react with trace HF in the electrolyte, thus reducing the HF content, reducing the reaction between HF and the active substance on the electrode and the decomposition of LiPF6, thus improving the stability of the electrolyte and improving the performance of the lithium-ion battery [11]. In this paper, DEC, DMC and EMC were used as solvents [12], and LiPF6 was used as solute to prepare electrolyte. Different amounts of nano-alumina were added into the electrolyte to study the influence of the addition amount of nano-alumina on the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries.
1 Experimental Part
1.1 Main raw materials and equipment for experiment
Nano-alumina (Al2O3), 99.99%; Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4); Acetylene black (C), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), battery shell; N-methylpyrrolidone (C5H9NO); Ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl carbonate (EMC), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6).
CT-3008W-5V constant current charge-discharge tester; Button type battery slicer, button type battery sealer; CHI660E electrochemical workstation.
1.2 Experimental Methods
1.2.1 Electrolyte preparation
DEC, DMC and EMC were mixed into a 25mm×25mm weighing bottle according to the volume ratio of 1∶1∶1, and 0.7596 g LiPF6 was added into the weighing bottle to prepare the basic electrolyte with molar concentration of 1mol/L. The additive nano-al2o3 with mass fraction of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% was added into the basic electrolyte, and the final electrolyte was obtained by magnetic stirring for 5h.
1.2.2 Buckle battery assembly
Will be active substances LiFePO4, acetylene black, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) according to the quality ratio of 8:1:1 grinding mixture, add N  methyl pyrrolidone slurry system, apply evenly on the aluminum foil, and then in the 100 ° C in the vacuum drying oven drying 10 h; Put the dried positive electrode piece into the glove box after pressing, punching and weighing. In the argon atmosphere in the glove box according to the positive battery shell, electrode, electrolyte, diaphragm, lithium plate, relay, spring plate, negative battery shell assembly sequence; The assembled button battery was sealed with a sealer, and then tested after standing for 12h.
1.3 Experimental characterization methods
1.3.1 Charge-Discharge test Charge-discharge test is an important test method to analyze the electrochemical performance of electrode materials. At room temperature, the button battery assembled by adding different amounts of alumina electrolyte was tested by constant current charge-discharge tester. The charging cut-off voltage was 4.2V, the discharge termination voltage was 2.5V, and the charge-discharge ratio was 0.1C (170mAh·g-1).
1.3.2 AC impedance test
Ac impedance, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), is an electrochemical measurement method using a small amplitude sine wave potential (or current) as a disturbance signal. Because the small amplitude of the electrical signal to the system disturbance, on the one hand can avoid a large impact on the system; On the other hand, the relationship between the disturbance and the response of the system is approximately linear, which makes the mathematical processing of the measurement results easy.
In this experiment, the AC impedance test was carried out by clamping the marked button battery on the CHI660D electrochemical workstation with the corresponding clip, and the frequency range of the test was 10-2 ~ 106Hz. The properties of cathode materials are judged by the change of electrode potential.
2.1 Influence of nano-al2o3 with different contents on charge-discharge performance In order to accurately detect the charge-discharge performance of the materials, the obtained samples were assembled into buckle batteries for detection. FIG. 1 shows the initial charging-discharge curve of LiFePO4 / Li battery samples assembled with nano-al2o3 of different contents at 0.1C rate.
FIG. 1 Initial charge-discharge curve from
FIG. 1 clearly shows that the discharge specific capacity of LiFePO4 / Li half battery at room temperature is 147.6mAh ·g-1, and the discharge specific capacity of electrolyte with different percentage contents of nano-al2o3 is similar, and the LiFePO4 / Li battery with 1.0% nano-al2o3 has the maximum discharge specific capacity. Its initial discharge capacity is 155.4 mAh·g-1. The initial discharge capacity of LiFePO4 / Li battery is 147.6 mAh·g-1, 153.2 mAh·g-1 and 149.7 mAh·g-1, respectively, when the nano-al2o3 content is 0%, 0.5% and 1.5%.
FIG. 2 shows the initial charg-discharge voltage platform curve of LiFePO4 / Li battery samples assembled with nano-al2o3 of different contents at 0.1C rate.
FIG. 2 Voltage platform curve of charge and discharge
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the potential difference between charging and discharging voltage platforms of LiFePO4 / Li battery samples assembled when the addition amount of nano-al2o3 is 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% is 102.9mV, 64.9mV, 55.2mV and 87.3mV, respectively. When the addition amount of nano-al2o3 is 1.0%, The minimum potential difference between the charging and discharging voltage platforms indicates that the polarization of LiFePO4 / Li lithium-ion battery assembled when the Al2O3 content is 1.0% is the minimum during the charging and discharging process.
FIG. 3 shows the cycle curve of charging and discharging of LiFePO4 / Li battery samples with different contents of nano-al2o3 at 0.1C rate.
FIG. 3 Cycle curve of charge and discharge
As can be seen from Figure 3, charge and discharge for 50 cycles, The discharge specific capacities of LiFePO4 / Li battery samples assembled with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% nano-al2o3 were 121.2 mAh·g-1, 140.5 mAh·g-1, 147.5 mAh·g-1 and 135.7 mAh·g-1, respectively. The discharge capacity retention rates were 82.1%, 91.7%, 94.9% and 90.6%, respectively. When the addition of nano-al2o3 was 1.0%, the specific capacity retention rate of sample discharge was the highest. The discharge specific capacity data results of samples with different nano-al2o3 addition amounts are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Discharge specific capacity and retention rate
As can be seen from Table 1, with the increase of nano-al2o3 addition, the discharge specific capacity and its retention first increase and then decrease. The reason is that when a certain amount of nano-al2o3 is added to the electrolyte, nano-al2o3 in the electrolyte can react with H2O and HF in the electrolyte to reduce the H2O and HF content in the electrolyte. The reaction between HF and the active substance of the electrode and the decomposition of LiPF6 can be reduced to improve the stability of the electrolyte, thus increasing the cycle life of the lithium-ion battery [13] and improving the charge-discharge cycle performance of the battery. However, when the amount of nano-al2o3 is too much, the nano-al2o3 will hinder the diffusion of lithium ions in the electrolyte, which is not conducive to improving the charge-discharge performance of lithium-ion batteries.
2.2 Influence of nano-al2o3 with different contents on AC impedance
FIG. 4 shows the AC impedance spectrum of LiFePO4 / Li lithium ion battery samples assembled with different nano-al2o3 addition amounts. In the figure, the horizontal coordinate (Z ') is the real part of the impedance, and the vertical coordinate (Z ") is the imaginary part of the impedance.
FIG. 4 AC impedance spectrum
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the AC impedance spectra of the four samples (as shown in Table 1) are composed of a slant line in the low frequency region and a semi-circle in the high frequency region [14]. The two regions respectively correspond to the transfer process of charge between the interface of LiF6PO4 electrolyte and the diffusion process of lithium ion in LiFePO4 in the electrochemical reaction [15]. The charge transfer impedance RCTS of LiFePO4 / Li cell samples assembled with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% nano-al2o3 were 280Ω, 200Ω, 160Ω and 230Ω, respectively. The charge transfer impedance of the sample without nano-al2o3 in the electrolyte is larger than that with nano-al2o3, indicating that adding a certain amount of nano-al2o3 in the electrolyte can reduce the resistance of the electrolyte. However, with the increase of nano-al2o3 addition, the charge transfer impedance decreases first and then increases.
In conclusion, the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 / Li battery samples is the best among all samples when the addition amount of nano-al2o3 is 1.0%.
With DEC, DMC and EMC as solvents and concentration of 1mol/L LiPF6 electrolytic liquid system, adding a certain amount of nano-al2o3 powder can improve the charge-discharge performance and cycle performance of lithium battery, reduce the battery impedance and improve the electrochemical performance of the battery. When the mass fraction of nano-al2o3 powder is 1.0%, the assembled LiFePO4 / Li battery has the best electrochemical performance.
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