text:
Q: Why can't I style a DataGridTextColumn? I tried to create a Style for DataGridTextColumn with the following code
<Style TargetType="{x:Type DataGridTextColumn}">
           ...
</Style>

However, Visual Studio 2010 highlights {x:Type DataGridTextColumn} with a blue line and elaborates: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation.
Why does this happen and how do I fix it?

A: You can't style the DataGridTextColumn because DataGridTextColumn does not derive from FrameworkElement (or FrameworkContentElement).  Only FrameworkElement, etc supports styling.
When you attempt to create a style in XAML for any type that is not a FrameworkElement or FrameworkContentElement you get that error message.
How do you solve this?  As with any problem, where there is a will there is a way.  In this case I think the easiest solution is to create an attached property for DataGrid to assign a DataGridColumn style:
<DataGrid ...>
  <local:MyDataGridHelper.TextColumnStyle>
    <Style TargetType="FrameworkElement">
      ... setters here ...
    </Style>
  </local:MyDataGridHelper.TextColumnStyle>
  ...

The implementation would be something along these lines:
public class MyDataGridHelper : DependencyObject
{
  // Use propa snipped to create attached TextColumnStyle with metadata:
  ... RegisterAttached("TextColumnStyle", typeof(Style), typeof(MyDataGridHelper), new PropertyMetadata
  {
    PropertyChangedCallback = (obj, e) =>
    {
      var grid = (DataGrid)obj;
      if(e.OldValue==null && e.NewValue!=null)
        grid.Columns.CollectionChanged += (obj2, e2) =>
        {
          UpdateColumnStyles(grid);
        }
    }
  }
  private void UpdateStyles(DataGrid grid)
  {
    var style = GetTextColumnStyle(grid);
    foreach(var column in grid.Columns.OfType<DataGridTextColumn>())
      foreach(var setter in style.Setters.OfType<Setter>())
        if(setter.Value is BindingBase)
          BindingOperations.SetBinding(column, setter.Property, setter.Value);
        else
          column.SetValue(setter.Property, setter.Value);
  }
}

The way this works is, any time the attached property is changed, a handler is added for the Columns.CollectionChanged event on the grid.  When the CollectionChanged event fires, all columns are updated with the style that was set.
Note that the above code does not handle the situation where a style is removed and re-added gracefully:  Two event handlers are registered.  For a really robust solution you would want to fix this by adding another attached property containing the event handler so the event handler could be unregistered, but for your purpose I think this is unimportant.
Another caveat here is that the direct use of SetBinding and SetValue will cause the DependencyProperty to have a BaseValueSource of Local instead of DefaultStyle.  This will probably make no difference in your case but I thought I should mention it.

A: The style tag has to go in the right place. Your datagrid may look something like this right now:
    <DataGrid>
        <DataGrid.Columns>
            <DataGridTextColumn />
        </DataGrid.Columns>
    </DataGrid>

You might initially try to add the style tag directly within the DataGridTextColumn element which will not work. You can however create elements for "DataGridTextColumn.ElementStyle" and or "DataGridTextColumn.EditingElementStyle" just within the "DataGridTextColumn" element. Each of those element tags can then have style tags within them:
    <DataGrid>
        <DataGrid.Columns>
            <DataGridTextColumn>
                <DataGridTextColumn.ElementStyle>
                    <Style TargetType="TextBlock">
                        <Setter Property="Background" Value="Green"></Setter>
                    </Style>
                </DataGridTextColumn.ElementStyle>
                <DataGridTextColumn.EditingElementStyle>
                    <Style TargetType="TextBox">
                        <Setter Property="Background" Value="Orange"></Setter>
                    </Style>
                </DataGridTextColumn.EditingElementStyle>
            </DataGridTextColumn>
        </DataGrid.Columns>
    </DataGrid>

One style will be applied to viewing and the other will be applied when the cell is in edit mode. Note that it changes from a TextBlock when viewing to a TextBox when editing (This got me at first!).

A: This is more an addition to Ray Burns answer. I first wasn't able to implement it on my own, but with help of mm8 (https://stackoverflow.com/a/46690951/5381620) I got it running. Works really fine. For other people who have problems following this attached property approach maybe a full code snippet is helpful.
public class MyDataGridHelper : DependencyObject
{
    private static readonly DependencyProperty TextColumnStyleProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached("TextColumnStyle", typeof(Style), typeof(MyDataGridHelper), new PropertyMetadata
    {
        PropertyChangedCallback = (obj, e) =>
        {
            var grid = (DataGrid)obj;
            if (e.OldValue == null && e.NewValue != null)
                grid.Columns.CollectionChanged += (obj2, e2) =>
                {
                    UpdateColumnStyles(grid);
                };
        }
    });

    public static void SetTextColumnStyle(DependencyObject element, Style value)
    {
        element.SetValue(TextColumnStyleProperty, value);
    }
    public static Style GetTextColumnStyle(DependencyObject element)
    {
        return (Style)element.GetValue(TextColumnStyleProperty);
    }

    private static void UpdateColumnStyles(DataGrid grid)
    {
        var origStyle = GetTextColumnStyle(grid);
        foreach (var column in grid.Columns.OfType<DataGridTextColumn>())
        {
            //may not add setters to a style which is already in use
            //therefore we need to create a new style merging
            //original style with setters from attached property
            var newStyle = new Style();
            newStyle.BasedOn = column.ElementStyle;
            newStyle.TargetType = origStyle.TargetType;

            foreach (var setter in origStyle.Setters.OfType<Setter>())
            {
                newStyle.Setters.Add(setter);
            }

            column.ElementStyle = newStyle;
        }
    }
}

xaml
<Grid>
    <DataGrid Name="MyDataGrid" ItemsSource="{Binding Lines}" AutoGenerateColumns="False" >
        <local:MyDataGridHelper.TextColumnStyle>
            <Style TargetType="TextBlock">
                <Setter Property="TextWrapping" Value="Wrap"/>
            </Style>
        </local:MyDataGridHelper.TextColumnStyle>
        <DataGrid.Columns>
            <DataGridTextColumn Header="ProductId1" Binding="{Binding Path=Result1}" />
            <DataGridTextColumn Header="ProductId2" Binding="{Binding Path=Result2}" />
        </DataGrid.Columns>
    </DataGrid>
</Grid>

Edit: In first approach I did overwrite the whole style. In new version it is still possible to maintain other styles modifications like this one
<DataGridTextColumn.ElementStyle>
    <Style TargetType="{x:Type TextBlock}">
        <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Red"/>
    </Style>
</DataGridTextColumn.ElementStyle>

A: A small addition to pedrito answer. Everything works fine, but if origStyle has base style, base style's setters get discarded.
To fix this, we need get all setters:
 private static void UpdateColumnStyles(DataGrid grid)
    {
        var origStyle = GetTextColumnStyle(grid);
        foreach (var column in grid.Columns.OfType<DataGridTextColumn>())
        {
            //may not add setters to a style which is already in use
            //therefore we need to create a new style merging
            //original style with setters from attached property
            var newStyle = new Style();
            newStyle.BasedOn = column.ElementStyle;
            newStyle.TargetType = origStyle.TargetType;

            var baseSetters = GetBaseSetters(origStyle);
            var allSetters = baseSetters.Concat(origStyle.Setters.OfType<Setter>());

            foreach (var setter in allSetters)
            {
                newStyle.Setters.Add(setter);
            }

            column.ElementStyle = newStyle;
        }
    }

    private static IEnumerable<Setter> GetBaseSetters(Style style)
    {
        return style.BasedOn?.Setters.OfType<Setter>().Concat(GetBaseSetters(style.BasedOn)??new Setter[0]);
    }

A: A DataGridTextColumn is nothing but a column with a TextBlock in it. Write a style with the TargetType as TextBlock and bind the ElementStyle property of the DataGridTextColumn to it. Hope that helps!

A: More simple:
<FontFamily x:Key="DefaultFont">Snap ITC</FontFamily>
<Style x:Key="ControlStyle" TargetType="Control">
    <Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="{StaticResource DefaultFont}"/>
</Style>
<Style TargetType="{x:Type DataGridCellsPresenter}" BasedOn="{StaticResource ControlStyle}">
</Style>


text:
Western Cape LEAP officers arrested over 500 suspects
Law Enforcement Advancement Plan (LEAP) officers removed 36 illegal firearms, from the streets in their deployed areas. Western Cape officers also arrested 559 for various crimes, 24 found in possession of an illegal firearm, 32 for the possession of illegal ammunition, 17 for the possession of an imitation firearm, 307 for the possession of drugs and 72 for the possession of dangerous weapons.
Police Oversight and Community Safety MEC Reagen Allen said officers were deployed in hotspot areas where there was a need to turn around negative crime statistics. The areas included the top 10 murder areas in the province: Delft, Gugulethu, Harare, Khayelitsha (Site B policing precinct), Kraaifontein, Mfuleni, Mitchells Plain, Nyanga, Philippi East, and Samora Machel.
Other high crime areas in which they are deployed are Atlantis, Bishop Lavis and Hanover Park, and recently Lavender Hill, Steenberg and Grassy Park.
Allen said that in the first quarter (April – June 2022) crime statistics showed an 11.5% increase in murder, compared to the same period in the 2021/22 financial year, there was an 8,2% reduction in the murder rate during the same period at stations where the LEAP officers are currently deployed.
Between 3 - 23 October 2022, LEAP officers, searched 25 494 persons, searched 895 houses, Conducted 4 356 patrols in hotspot areas, Conducted 329 roadblocks, searched 3 073 vehicles
LEAP officers also conducted 566 integrated operations with other City of Cape Town Law Enforcement Agencies and SAPS.
"I commend these LEAP officers for their continued effort and commitment. We should not lose sight of the fact that we have a long way to go, and therefore, I urge communities to work with and support all law enforcement agencies, including LEAP, other City of Cape Town law enforcement entities and SAPS," said Allen.
Labels: by Everngelista Muza, LEAP, Western cape MEC
posted by Bush radio 89.5FM newsroom @ Thursday, November 03, 2022 0 comments
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Explainer: What To Expect Next In U.S. Election Certification
Published: Jan 07,202102:17 PM by Reuters
After a dramatic day of violence at the U.S. Capitol, lawmakers in the House of Representatives and the Senate were meeting early on Thursday to certify President-elect Joe Biden's election victory.
Image Courtesy : Reuters
Washington: Biden's victory was expected to be certified by Congress, despite some Republicans saying they would object to the results from some of the battleground states where Democratic candidate Biden beat President Donald Trump on Nov. 3.
SOME OBJECTIONS ABANDONED:
The approval of state tallies appeared to be accelerating to a conclusion as the morning wore on as some planned objections by Senators were abandoned after hundreds of violent Trump supporters overran the U.S. Congress in a stunning but failed effort to overthrow the election results.
While most of those results were expected to escape challenges, Sen. Josh Hawley, who has been the most vocal senator supporting Trump's claims of fraud, led a challenge to the results from Biden's victory in the key battleground state of Pennsylvania.
Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said the Senate would hold no further votes on the Electoral College tally, indicating that following the House vote on Pennsylvania, no further challenges would be made.
Trump and his allies have produced no evidence to support their claims that he was robbed of victory by fraud and the efforts to challenge the results look certain to fail.
ALPHABETICAL ORDER:
The first formal objection from Trump's allies was to the election results from Arizona. After a debate, the challenge was rejected in a 93-6 vote in the Senate and a 303-121 vote in the House.
The two chambers then resumed a joint session to consider the election results in the rest of the states, in alphabetical order.
At least one member of the House and one from the Senate have to object to a state's votes in order to open the debate.
Vice President Mike Pence has made clear he will not attempt to reject any of the state election results despite being pressured to do so by Trump.
That will provide final legal ratification of the election results.
Donald Trump | Joe Biden


this post is my first time with English. I hope that my explanation more easier for reader.
In a structure building, especially steel structure. we should know how to calculate area. this is used for us to calculate such as shear force, weldment area and others. it would be explain in next post. apparently. ok let's start our discussion based on case.
There are risers hanging to jacket platform. Riser is a pipe that connects an offshore Floating Production Structure or a Drilling Rig or Fix offshore structure to a sub-sea system either for production purposes such as drilling, production, injection and export, or for drilling, completion and workover purposes (Wikipedia.red). They are a key component for the offshore industry and maintaining theri functionality is central to the success of the production system. Actually there are 3 types of riser clamp depend on function (as far i know), Fix clamp, adjustable clamp and hanger clamp. we are now talking about fix clamp and hanger clamp because we look for the connection that using weld connection.
during hanging the riser tie up with riser clamp, and among of them are connected with stub. the connection between stub and riser are using clamp, and other side using weldment connection to horizontal bracket. take a look to below for example figure.
In a riser clamp system, at least there are 3 necessary components that is riser clamp, stub and bracing where is will be connected. in figure above, plan view illustration from riser clamp that we are talking about. alright we will see the connection stub and horizontal bracing, section F.
Section F describe connection stub to horizontal bracing. the component consist of stub with OD 6-5/8 " and 0.75 WT and stiffener with dimension rectangular (assume) 4"x0.5" there are doubler plate between horizontal brace and stub, however we can ignore it.
ok, congratulation you made it. if you wanna know that your assumption is correct, please check the centroid. it should be zero, than you are able to make this output for your necessary action.
iya mbak, mbaknya Arsitek ya..


text:
package com.ait.toolkit.sencha.touch.client.layout.card;

/**
 * To be used with http://docs.sencha.com/touch/2-0/#!/api/Ext.Anim
 */
public enum Easing {

    EASE("ease"), LINEAR("linear"), EASE_IN("easeIn"), EASE_OUT("easeOut"), EASE_IN_OUT("easeInOut"), BOUNCE_OUT(
                    "bounceOut"), ELASTIC_IN("elasticIn"), BACK_IN_OUT("backInOut");

    private String value;

    private Easing(String easing) {
        this.value = easing;
    }

    public String getValue() {
        return value;
    }

    public static Easing fromValue(String value) {
        String upperCasedValue = value.replace("-", "_").toUpperCase();
        return Easing.valueOf(upperCasedValue);
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A music video made for the hard-rock band in Poznań, Poland. The video follows a junky meeting up with his dealer, only the drugs that he is after is meat. This is to magnify the today's overconsumption of meat and food in general.


text:
'Unsung' Tonight: Snoop Dogg Remembers Nate Dogg, Hip-Hop's…
Rapper Nate Dogg passed away in 2011, but fans can still treasure the man and his music in the upcoming episode…
Warren G Wants To Bring G Funk To…
Warren G revealed on Instagram that he'll release an upcoming EP, Regulate… G Funk Era Part II next month. It will be…
Snoop Dogg & Ted Williams Make A "Love…
Snoop Dogg stars in a YouTube commercial for the introduction of the new Metro PCS phone, the Samsung Galaxy Indulge…
Notable Black Mayors Who Have Been Sworn…
20 Things You Didn't Know About The…
9 Times Jeannie & Jeezy Could Walk…
The "Wig, Braids, Natural Hair" Challenge Is…
#TMC: Black Women Flex In Their Marathon Clothing…
Respect The Pen: Johnta Austin Had To Remind…
CUTENESS! Drake Shares Photos Of 2-Year-Old Son Adonis…
Boi-1da & Hit-Boy Held An Epic IG Live…


text:
On this day in 1862, Union soldiers Sergeant John Bloss and Corporal Barton Mitchell found a piece of paper wrapped around 3 cigars. The paper contained the plans of the Rebel Maryland Campaign.
This is one of the more controversial aspects of the Civil War. Who did lose the Order? Was this a ruse on Lee's behalf? The paper starts with item #3. What were Items #1 and #2? What did they say? The order was a few days old. Where the Rebel units still in there same place? This has been studied since 1862 and no definitive answers exist.
I've always looked at this part of the campaign as Lee dividing his ANV into 5 parts, unaware of how close the McClellan and the AoP were . I blame this on Stuart for not informing Lee of the brisk advance of the AoP towards the invading foreign Rebel Army.
The best book on this subject is...'Taken At the Flood" by Joseph Harsh.
The biggest question I have is....What happened to the cigars?
Imagine how those cigars might sell on eBay !
How much do you reckon they would sell for ?
Cigars have a certain cache in the folklore of that war.
How about the butt of the cigar that Sickles was chewing as he was born from the field at Gettysburg, with his shattered leg about to be amputated ? Who would bid for that ?
Grant was rather profligate with his cigars : perhaps that would render them less desirable. The remains of one of his whittled sticks might command a better price.
The " ten Penny nail" that was driven into Hancock's groin at the climax of Gettysburg might be supremely sought after !
Heck, I might be onto something here !
You never know w act you care going to find, especially on eBay.
A few years ago, a letter sold that completely changed our interpretation of Benedict Arnold at Saratoga. The letter describes the two generals discussing an attack on approaching British forces — an account at odds with conventional stories of the men being in conflict, and Arnold engaging in wild and insubordinate behavior on the battlefield that day. he contents — which include a first-hand account of a conversion between Gates and Arnold at Arnold's headquarters at the Nielsen House — are historically significant,
Mundane objects can assume great significance.
A soldier's tin cup or clay pipe can make a big impact.
If something manages to engage intellect and emotions, it might be all the more intriguing by virtue of being an everyday thing.
Did anyone conserve the white gloves that became frayed as Grant whittled sticks relentlessly under the strain of the Wilderness battle ?
I wonder if the Civil War was the first to litter the battlefield with diaries and letters as soldiers became increasingly literate and newspapers encouraged more printing and distribution. There would be the novelty of photographs. The democratic citizen armies of that war might have shown us its modern attributes in its battlefield relics.
There were, I dare say, more traditional debris in he form of bibles and prayer books.
A piece of hardtack recovered from the field of Shiloh: that would trade well on eBay !
The American Civil War was pretty well documented, first with the new invention of photography, and second, by the letters sent home, letters sent to newspapers and diaries because so many of the soldiers were now literate.
The unknown dead interred at Gettysburg had their pockets emptied, and what was found lies somewhere in the bowels of the Visitors Center. Now that is a treasure!
There were, I suppose, traditional soldiers' paraphernalia that have been found on battlefields through the centuries : decks of cards, perhaps thrown away by men anxious to meet their maker in a state of grace. I imagine that pathetic clusters of such things might indicate where troops had formed up before making a deadly advance. Playing cards and - dare I say ? - pornography could be items that were sought after by bored and frustrated soldiers the world over.
In the process of examining the bodies, Weaver found things the men had been carrying. He set them aside in special packages for relatives or friends to claim later. There were 287 such packages, he reported. He included a list of what was found.
Most were the simple items that the average Billy Yank might carry — a comb, a pipe, a toothbrush, a knife, a fork and a spoon. But there were also diaries, photographs, letters, a rosary and Bibles.
With the body of Sgt. L.H. Lee — regiment unknown — Weaver found two combs, a diary and "the bullet that killed him."
Thomas Doman, of the 25th Ohio regiment, was found with $4 and a gold locket.
One unknown soldier was found with a Bible in German that was inscribed by "Catherine Detanpafer."
A soldier identified as Charles Sets had a pocketbook and locks of hair from his father, mother, sister and brother.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/after-1863-battle-of-gettysburg-a-grisly-but-noble-enterprise-to-honor-the-fallen/2013/09/12/769c47e6-163c-11e3-a2ec-b47e45e6f8ef_story.html


text:
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The Woodleigh Environment
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Sport Uniform & Dress Code
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Woodleigh Fees
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BUSINESS DIRECTORY – COMING SOON!
Supporting Woodleigh School
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Yr 9 English
The Year 9 English students have responded to the graphic story 'The Arrival' by Shaun Tan. A series of pieces here indicate the strong connection they have had with task; a number of them opted to share their own family's stories of immigration.
Migrant Story
"Run! Susan, you have to go!" I hear Mother yelling. I am terrified and disoriented. My ears are echoing the sounds of screaming and explosions. What's doing this? I run out of the house, and I see a fleet of Russian tanks rolling into my own neighbourhood. Their shots deafening as they fire at innocent civilians. People are lying limp on the ground. I'm panting and dripping with sweat.
That's when I wake up.
I'm lying in a puddle of sweat, and my breathing is heavy. I hear my mum knocking on my door. She comes in with a concerned look on her face. "What's wrong, Susan," Did you have another one of those horrid dreams again. "Yes, It was worse than ever, though," I reply, with a shaky voice. "Well, you better wake up and get to work now," My mother walks out of the room. I can already smell the food she has prepared for breakfast. Standing up, I have a magnificent view of my family farm. In the mornings, I am so grateful to see such beautiful views over my land.
My name is Susan. I am 17 years old. I have a sister and my Mother and Father. We live in Budapest, Hungary, on about 5 acres of land. The sunrises are one of the only pure things I get to experience during the day. Other than that, I am in constant fear of the Russians who have hold of Budapest. I have heard dreadful stories about neighbouring farms being raided and the women being raped. I shudder at the thought of it. How could they get away with such disgusting actions? I quickly replace these thoughts with Stephen; he lives near me. I have only met him on three occasions, but I already know I am going to marry him one day.
The rest of my day is just the usual. Working on the farm, washing the clothing. Mother says I will be a perfect wife for anyone. She is proud of me. I don't see my sister much she has already married a handsome man.
Tonight she is coming for dinner. It is the night of New Year's Eve 1956. It is a tradition for my family to have everyone come together for a dinner and celebration. I have cleaned up the house ready for a grand night. Uncle and Aunty arrive first. They brought my favourite desert, Poppy Seed cake. Next comes my sister. She settles in, and I have a little chat with her. She says that 'I have to marry as soon as I can,' she winks at me and adds, "Can't run away with that Stephen unless he's your husband," She walks off leaving me with a big grin.
Later that night, I decide it is time for me to go to sleep. I say my goodbyes and lay down in bed, hoping that I don't have another nightmare.
I am startled awake by a loud rumbling. My first thought is I'm in a dream, but it feels far too real. As I clamber out of bed. I can notice my bare feet hitting the wooden floorboards. My dreary eyes desperate for a rub. I look out the window. My senses become overwhelmed. Adrenaline starts pulsating through me. I am instantaneously woken by the shock of the sight that falls upon me. I take a step back from the window, putting out of view the horror that lay before me. I tried to calm my breathing and collect myself. I hastily walked down the hall into my parent's bedroom. They are snoring ignorantly not aware of the current situation. I shake my mother till she groggily opens her eyes. My words flow out, drowning my mother in stressful nonsense. At first, she explains it is just a dream. I calm down, and all is silent. The rumbling seems to have faded out. Maybe I just imagined it all.
"BANG!" Out of nowhere, the silence is disgustingly disturbed by what sounded like a cannon. We soon hear a loud SMASH! And nearby yelling. It sounds like people's houses are being fired at. In a matter of seconds, my parent's bedroom wall was blasted apart. The splinters of wood flew all over the room. I just ran. I sprinted out of my house. I paused a second to see about 20 Russian tanks scattered around my farmland and the streets of the nearby neighbourhood. I couldn't bear it any longer and turned and ran out into my paddock. I would never see my parents again after this. Seventeen years old, my whole life changed forever.
I had soon jumped the fence into the next paddock. I had tears streaming down my cheeks, my hair blowing into my face. Fear gripping my throat, each breath made a struggle. "Whoosh!" I suddenly lose all the air in my lungs. Someone is here, is it a Russian soldier. "Susan?" I hear the person say. The voice seems familiar. It's Stephen. I sink into him, letting him hold me up. "Woah there, are you ok?" he says. I nod. He continues, "We have to go and get out of here now Susan,"
We decide just to keep walking till we find someone who can drive us to the border.
After this, we crossed the border to Poland and were married. We managed to stay approximately one year there. But the threat still remained. Stephen and I decided to fly to Australia and start a new life there. I hope that in the future, I can tell my story to my children and their children. But first of all, I don't want to miss my flight.
TAJ P
I, Theo Vandeligt, was born in 1948 in Barband province near central Holland with my mother Johanna, father Anthony, my two brothers Henry and Marius and two sisters Nelle and Mary. My father was a farmer who owned a small farm in which he sold and produced dairy products to sell at markets. It had always been a dream of theirs to own a large farm.
My parents often spoke about their plans to move to Australia to enhance the quality of life for their children.
Following quite a while of consideration, the fantasy to move to Australia turned into a reality. My father was off conveying his last container of milk when he found a flyer which educated him that an ex load transport was being changed over to a vessel that will take us to Australia. It didn't take much convincing to persuade my mother to agree to let us move as father had a job prepared for him as a dairy farmer so before we knew it we were boarding the SS Waterman liberty ship to dock at Port Melbourne Australia.
The Ship was an incredibly terrifying encounter particularly for somebody at the youthful age of 6 as there were a wide range of individuals and it felt highly threatening. I shared a cabin with my dad and siblings. The room was exceptionally little and I needed to share a bed to Henry as we were the oldest males of the family, while Marius imparted a bed to father.
The ocean was unpleasant and many were nauseous, in fact my mum was unwell for the entire six weeks while pregnant with my sibling Joe, I can't envision the fear she was experiencing during the expedition of her life.
We showed up in Australia I felt debilitated, sick to my stomach, I had been stuck on this boat for a month and a half yet I would prefer not to leave, not presently. I see individuals, a large number of them standing up at the dock. We know not a solitary expression of English, not so much as a straightforward "hi." After we landed the boat there was no warm invite like what I was anticipating. Individuals were herding us around like sheep. It made us feel like our privilege of mankind was detracted from my family and me.
From Port Melbourne Pier father went directly to Bunyip to begin his new position as a farmer while mother guided us via train to the Bonegilla migrant camp.
Words can't portray how unpleasant this camp was. The houses were made of tin with heshin sacks for warmth. We lived on top of one another in petite beds made of metal. We had shared kitchens and washrooms. The belittling slurs from the laborers that worked there were consistent and intellectually depleting, all I needed was to be moved of this camp they called a "protected place for migrants to live"
Following two intense months at the camp dad amassed enough cash to purchase a little ranch house for us to live near the dairy farm that he worked at. I found that living in our own home permitted us to adjust to the methods of "Australian life."
While living in this house mum had three additional children named Tony, Margret and Anne. Their birthdays were all close to a year apart. The new additions to the family made it financially harder for our parents. Father chose to place the three eldest males in the family into unpaid work finishing jobs that were unreasonably hard for somebody at 52 years old to finish. This permitted Father to gain more cash for the work he was doing.
At age 8, I started school at Marius Brothers Collage in Warrigul. School was hard as I had still not fully adapted to the english language, therefore it was harder to make friends and to keep up with the great workloads expected of us.
In year 7 (age 14) I left school.
Working from a young age was common so it was expected that I would follow in my father's footsteps and work on the dairy farm he had recently bought. The business was successful and I believe my parents felt a sense of fulfillment by coming to Australia for a better life and achieving their life long goals that not only set up a comfortable life for me but also my siblings.
Grandparents Immigration Creative Story
I can't wait to start a new life with my lovely wife; it will be sad moving because I won't be able to see by little daughter, we gave her up for adoption 1 year ago, and it was the toughest decision of my life. I just hope I will get to see her again. It's bittersweet though, as I'm also happy because I'm going to have lots of opportunities and will be able to play sports all year round without having to worry about the weather.
It's one week since we left south Hampton, we've got three more weeks until we're there. We're about to stop in Egypt, but we're not allowed to get off the boat because of the war England just had with Egypt. Those traders are quite clever chaps coming out to the boat in row boats to sell their goods to us though, but the stench from those camels- I don't know what they stuffed them with but I'm not keen on finding out. We were able to leave the boat at night when we got to Aden but it was too hot and stuffy for us to really do anything. Once we left Aden towards the Shrealan Canal it was even worse, the boat was going at the same pace as the wind, and we had to sleep on deck three nights in a row because it was too hot in our room and there was not air conditioner to cool us down.
Just past Shrealin there was an outbreak of the measles, which was quite a scare. One man died and the crew threw his body overboard and had a funeral. Everyone was on edge after that, and once rumors of even deadlier diseases started to spread the crew nearly had a full-blown uprising on their hands. We saw some flying fish which looked breathtaking in the sunset. Perth is amazing, it is incredibly clean and the university is amazing, I hope the one in Melbourne is like that too.
HARVEY W
I remember that day. The day I heard about Australia. Back then, in Afghanistan, I was just a fruit farmer, growing, harvesting, and selling my produce at local markets. I didn't have much money, but I got by selling pomegranates and apricots. It was my friend who left first. As we said our final 'goodbye,' he begged me to join him as a camel driver. I wasn't an expert with camels, but I grew up around them, and I understood their ways. I was hesitant about leaving my family and my home but promised I'd meet him in Maree. Months later, when the second big call came out to Afghans willing to start a new life in Australia, I left.
I came on a huge ship, surrounded by water. So much water. Although there were hundreds of other men like me, our bodies literally crammed together, I felt alone. But what kept me going was the thought of seeing my good friend again.
When the boat finally arrived in South Australia, there was no-one there to greet me. The only person who even looked at me was the customs officer who merely glared at my migrant papers and pointed at the exit.
My first day was tough. I couldn't speak a word of English; at first, I didn't even know the difference between 'dog' and 'banana.' I didn't know my way around, and the Australians were hostile. They were there only for the pay, and in between they did the bare minimum for us. It was so different from Afghanistan. I grew up in a household without much apart from a bowl of food in the evening, but we were taught to work hard and be useful. For the first few months, I wished I was back with my family, instead of trekking up and back with a camel.
The food in Australia was bland. Most meals consisted of potato, a tiny portion of vegetables, and a gelatinous, brown, salty sauce that they called 'gravy.' With bread. So much bread. There was no flavor and no colour. Compared to the vibrant spices and fruit back in Afghanistan, the food they gave us was just a grey blob.
Most of the other men were from Pakistan, India and Egypt although we were all 'Afghans' to the Australians. We were forced to camp on the other side of the road to them, so we used the evenings to share pieces of English we'd picked up or joke about the lazy white men.
We tried to make the most of what we had, telling stories of our old lives and learning about the wonders of the Australian desert together. A few people even brought dates that we shared and planted the seeds to remind us of our hometowns. Those nights were what I looked forward to as I led the camels.
I missed the liveliness of evenings in Afghanistan. The music and dancing and celebrations that lasted weeks at a time. At our camp in Australia, when one of us had a birthday, all the other men would give them their bread and butter for the night. It wasn't a lot, but we tried to enjoy what little we had.
We helped set up the one of the first Mosques in Australia. It was a long project, but it gave us something to do other than driving the camels. Everyone had a different past, so between us, we found builders, architects, and managers. I mostly helped with the financial and planning parts, but it was great to see it created piece by piece. It was our group purpose for many months, and it was beautiful when it was finally finished.
As the early 1900s arrived, most of the men returned to their families. I asked my family to come to Australia, telling them about the wonderful and weird things I had discovered, but they always refused. Even when the friends I'd made eventually went back to their old lives or started life in Australia as tradesmen, I stayed with the camels. I liked the way they snuffled, and how I couldn't tell if it was because of disgust or pleasure, they kept me company.
The men who left Australia were denied entrance when they wanted to return to find work. The government had introduced the 'White Australia' policy, and everyone coming from another country was forced to sit a dictation test, assessing their level on English.
I stayed in Australia. Although use for camels is limited now that there are trains, I haven't felt the need to find another job. Work is no longer about money. I've learned that it's about love.
ELLA J
Hi Mum,
I'm 23 now. There's not much memory left of you or my father. I still write to you though, I'm not even sure that you get these, but at least I try. I'm not sure that you would write back to me, father definitely wouldn't. Every time, I write the same thing. The same story. The same past.
I always start, with you leaving. Choosing your happiness before that of your own children. You abandoned us and that was the cruelty. You left us with an abusive father, and a heartless addict. He never put us first. You are lucky that you got out when you did. He went downhill from the night that you whisked away, devastated that his woman left him. Sari left shortly after. Being the eldest daughter she had her rights. She avoided father's opinion on her suitor. A kind gentleman she chose, he was not from this town, and certainly not from this poverty. Sari managed to escape, and all the anger and rage he had towards you both he took out on me. He forced me to be a slave and work in his bar. A ratchet place, of drunken disorderly aged men, it wasn't a rare occurrence for them to take advantage of a young girl.
Hey, but are you proud of me. I ran too. I ran away with Arjuun, his father was a regular at the bar too. Arjuun was constantly dragging his father out the door, passed out and snoring. We gradually became friends, I met him first when I was 15, he must have been 17 or so. His father was soon to send him off to a shoe factory in Canada. We both had so little in the place of our so called 'home'.
We left in the cold of night, like so many before us, why is it not normalized to run away from home. So many do it, at least one in a family, more commonly the mistreated women and girls. Although we were always told not to run, what were we supposed to do? Stay? That was not an option for us. In our last days of staying, we tried to remain as droopy and sad as we normally were, concealing our happiness for a chance.
The moon was bright, and the night was just like any other. Cold and dark. We met at the fence behind our houses. A rickety farm fence, three rails, moldy and rotten. An easier option running into the fields rather than attempting to leave via the main road, being in the bar, I hear all the tragic stories of the running women from their husbands. They definitely don't use the kindest of words to describe their women and wives. But we ran. From fence to fence, through the grasses, through the goats and into the trees. We made it out. Not far, but we made it. Together.
The trees were tall and endless. And the leaves crunchy underfoot. I realize that I haven't actually been this far away, from 'home' and from my father. Is this freedom? Is that what it feels like?
KATE S
Robert Saddington was born and raised in Middlesex, England. His father ran a soap factory, so his family was well-off.
At school, he was usually bored. The only really interesting thing for him was learning about geography. Hearing about far-off places like Africa and the New World was exciting, and he yearned to go out and find his own new place in the world.
However, his father would hear nothing of it: "You're going to continue the family business, and that's that. Your future is here, in Britain, not off on some magical adventure."
Due to his father's wishes, Robert finished school at 15 and took on a management position in the family soap factory. Despite all the talk of "proudly contributing to our nation's industrial success," he was bored to death.
Four long years of work only strengthened Robert's resolve to strike out on his own. He read about different countries he might travel to, and decided to travel to Australia, as there he could make a new life on the empty land.
Robert bought a ticket to Australia on the SS Great Britain. He did so without his father's knowledge. And so in 1853, at age 19, Robert Saddington boarded the SS Great Britain and set sail for Australia.
Being quite well off, Robert had a second class cabin to himself. It was quite luxurious and only a little cramped. The voyage was 72 days long. Every day passengers followed a strict routine, getting up at 7:00 am sharp and going to bed at 10:00 pm. Robert had to clean and change his own bedding, but it didn't bother him, as it filled some of the long voyage.
To pass the time, passengers played games or organized short plays or concerts. Robert was quite good at playing cards and won a fair bit of money during his voyage.
About two-thirds of the way through the voyage, a sailor fell from the mast and drowned. All the passengers congregated on the deck and held a funeral service for the man, whose body was never found.
The ship sailed into Melbourne on the 21st of October, 1853. It was quite hot, and Robert was sweating in his warm British clothes.
He spent one day in Melbourne and marveled at how much space there was here, and how clear and fresh the air was compared to London's acrid factory smoke. The next day, he once again boarded the SS Great Britain, this time travelling to Sydney.
When the ship docked in Sydney, everyone jumbled down the gangplank, eager to return to the freedom and space of solid land. Robert set foot in Sydney and found it bore an uncanny resemblance to some British coastal towns. However, there were some differences. It was much warmer here, which caused plants that thrived in Britain to grow weakly in Australia. The animals were also very different. There were many new birds and insects which delighted Robert, who was used to seeing very few animals.
Robert was especially fond of Kangaroos, and would take frequent trips out of town just to observe groups of them in the wild.
When he arrived, Robert stayed in a hotel. He bought a plot of land towards the edge of the city and had a modest house built upon it.
He also started a pub near the center of the city. Working there made him many new friends. About a year and a half after arriving in Sydney, he fell in love with a woman who he was introduced to by one of his friends. They were married soon after, and went on to have three sons. Robert did his very best not to become like his father and accepted his children's wishes.
One child became a doctor and remained in Sydney, one became a sailor and travelled the world, and one bought a farm near his father's house.
Robert lived a relatively happy and healthy life with his wife and died in 1903.
OSCAR C
December 22nd 1939
I've done it. I finally escaped that German hellhole. I knew I should never have gone to war. It just felt like a duty. If I could do it again I wouldn't. I was so scared that I was never going to see my son or my wife ever again. We rarely ate or drank and we were so cramped in our metal cage. We can't stay here though, it's not safe.
We will run to Australia, the land of the free. That's a place where we would be safe from the war. My lovely wife Gross loves the look of Australia too. We won't tell our son Andy yet because we don't want him to worry.
We have talked to a man named Ehlo and he has agreed to smuggle us through the German infested city for a price. The plan once we payed was simple he will get us on a boat to England and then his friend that lives there will get us on the boat to Australia. It's the best Christmas present we could've asked for.
He did it! Ehlo got us onto the boat! I'm so excited to leave Poland even though I've lived there all my life and there isn't a better way to do it then on a massive boat. It's very impressive and it's the biggest thing I've ever seen. We have been travelling for a couple of days and it's still amazing to me.
We landed in England and it wasn't what I was expecting. There was obvious damage from the bombing from a few months earlier. Craters in the road, half destroyed and burnt buildings surround and a big grey cloud accompanies the city's sky
This isn't good. Ehlo's friend got busted. He got caught sneaking us on and now we have missed the boat. Being stranded in England isn't the worst result though even though where we are has been decimated.
This isn't fun anymore. I just want to go to Australia. They say things are better there. Better for everyone.
My wishes have been granted. Each day we have been down at the dock trying to get tickets for the boat but they are always sold out. So we had to beg the people in line for their tickets. We offered a lot of people money for their tickets but they are just as scared as we are. We finally found people to trade with. There were only 2 tickets though.
I am hopeful that I will be able to see my family again but I know that its not likely. I gave them all my money to ensure that they were set to live a good life where I knew they were safe.
I haven't written in a while because ive been busy. I joined the navy and learned how to sail and control the boat. I then resigned and volunteered to captain the boat to Australia. I will finally see my family. I've missed them both so dearly and I don't feel complete without them. We are close to the coast of upper Australia and we should be there within a month and a bit. There is concern about the Japanese but no one expects them to bomb a boat.
One week closer to seeing them and I still can't believe it. When I see them I wouldn't need anything else to come my way for the rest of my life. Just seeing them at the docks could make me cry.
Andy's diary
No matter how long I wait I'll never see my dad again. I just know somewhere at the bottom of the ocean he can finally stop fighting and be at peace.
ANTON K
It's Mum, Dad, Aidan, Sadie and Me. We are fleeing from the potatoes. It's strange to know that the thing that kept us going and was what gave us life can so suddenly take away everything. Well, we are trying to find a way to have more potatoes. Australia is where we are going. It's going to be our new land or home. But now, after weeks of travel, we have lost a lot...
Dad can't really deal with what's happened to our family. Mum has been underwater for only one week now.
Our future was bright when we left. Mum was strong, caring and she loved us. Dad was loving and thoughtful. Aidan was lined up for a prosperous future and was engaged. Sadie and I, we loved our life; so many caring people and our friends. But we got hungry. Actually, we were starving.
One day Dad came home and told us the crops hadn't grown, that the life that brewed underground and fed us, was gone. I felt a dryness in my throat, a ripping in my stomach. The difference between being hungry and knowing dinner is coming and then there is being hungry and that hunger will float over your head and steal your mind. It's all I could think about. Aidan's fiancé had a child inside her and the baby needed food. Our family was destined to fall apart.
It wasn't like we weren't well off in Ireland, we had a solid life. But this hunger changed us all. And our next meal is a blissful daydream. That's when we heard about Australia.
Mum told me, 'Sweetie, I need us to survive.' It was a small sentence but it packed our bags and took us to the port. Survive. Leaving my home. My place. Me. How could my safe place and everything I have ever known be sacrificed? To survive. The word survive sticks with me. I never thought I would have to survive after living for so long.
We survived long enough to get to the boat. I didn't really understand this part. We were on a boat. Dad's arms wrapped around Mum. Mum's arms wrapped around me, I was holding Sadie and she was cuddled with Aidan who nursed his fiance. My family were starving. But we were together and we were surviving.
Sickness had become bountiful in Ireland. And the sickness had snuck onto the boat. Mum held my hand and told me again 'Sweetie, I need you to survive because you deserve to live an incredible life. You deserve to live. Australia is your future, it's a place you will be able to live.' The sickness stole my Mum.
Mum was gone after that she was underwater. And we found Australia. The journey has given me life. With incredible sacrifice.
GEMMA C
I found this book lying on the deck of the boat at the start of the journey, and so I treasured it, and I think I'm going to start writing. I'm Milka Trstenjak. My husband, Ivan and I are trying to escape. I don't think I've ever felt this scared and sad at the same time. My heart aches for my old country, but also longs for a new one. We are about to arrive in Sydney. Sydney, the place of hopes and dreams. And I have many of them. For myself, for my husband, and my baby daughter. She was born in Austria, just after we fled Croatia. June 16th, it was. 1948. A while before we got moved to Naples in Italy. She's over a year now, and she's everything to us. A new baby is on the way too. It's made everything a lot harder. It's a weight that won't rise until the moment I can hold them in my arms. I can't wait for that moment.
I'm so glad we left the camp in Italy. We weren't there for very long, but it was hard to communicate. I could hear everyone, but I couldn't comprehend. I could see everything, but I couldn't understand. I know Sydney will be like that too, but we plan to make a life there. A home. A new place to learn.
I can see the harbor approaching now. I better go and get my things together. There are nervous flutters in the bottom of my stomach. Only a few more steps to freedom.
Wonderful news; I had the baby! It's a lovely little girl, and even her cry makes me want to sing with happiness. We are placed at the Bathurst Army camp, and my daughter was born at the hospital here. There was a young lady in the bed alongside me. She showed me kindness like I have never before experienced. She gave me baby clothes and a pram that I almost couldn't take. She almost brought me to tears. It was the least scared I had been since we arrived here, and her generosity made me feel a little bit safer.
I hope we aren't in this place for too much longer. We aren't restricted, so we can leave as we please. I'm just so scared. Mainly for my daughters. I want to help give them the lives they deserve. My husband wants us to get on the road as soon as possible, but I'm not sure.
What would people say about a family of nobodies from a faraway place?
We left the camp. The feeling of leaving behind the lady who gave us clothes made me feel a bit down. I wanted to do something for her in return, but we had to get on to start our new life. We walked a lot, that day we left, trudging along the side of the narrow, dusty road for hours. I was starting to feel alone. I had my family beside me, but it seemed like we were the only ones in the world. Until a man drove by in his car. He was an Italian farmer, and he offered to take us all the way to Mt Druitt. It was a foreign place to us, but the thought of a civilization and a possible place to live gave me more hope than ever before.
He gave us his chicken coop on his property. It was small, but there were blankets. It was better than having to sleep on the road. There was a river of unspoken words between the man and our family. We couldn't speak the same language, but it didn't matter. He came from somewhere else. That made him like us, and it gave me a comfort I don't think I could have found so easily anywhere else.
My husband got a job. The Italian farmer who gave us a shelter helped him find it. He's working on something called the Snowy Mountains Scheme. There isn't a lot of money coming through, but it's better than nothing. Anyway, I have my two girls who give me more joy than any amount of money could. I can't imagine doing this without their constant smiles; it brings light to my days.
I've started using the money we've got to go to the general store down the road. There is the kindest man there. We can't understand each other, but we have learned to share hand symbols. He is helping me with learning English. It's nice to have a friend in this lonely place. I can be myself with him, and I can learn to laugh a little.
I really hope we save enough money to buy a house of some kind soon. The girls are getting older, and it's getting squishy in the little coop. I miss my family back home, but I feel so free and safe here. I want to be able to give my girls what I didn't have. I want to live somewhere I can call my own. I want many things in this unfamiliar land. But above all, I want us to belong. To fit in. To be loved. Our little family, together.
LILY S
I spent my first three months in Australia alone. The journey leaving my war infiltrated town was long and tiring. Having to see where I have spent all my life become of destruction, and people I know get killed was traumatic, to say the least. I'll never forget what happened to my home. I was 23 when I left Cambodia. After a long couple of weeks of traveling, we got to the ocean and got on a boat. We didn't know where we were going, but that didn't matter; we just had to leave. After several stops at ports and countries, we found our way to the new land of hope. Australia. A country in peace.
We left in a large group and arrived in a small one: me, my aunty and her son. We didn't know what happened to the rest of our family and whether they're still alive or not, and that's something I'm going to have to live with for the rest of my life. Not long after arriving in Melbourne, I got split up with my aunty and cousin. That separation is when I started to feel completely lost. I didn't know a word of English, and there was not one recognizable thing. I felt swallowed up by the enormity of people the city was home to, and not one of them was one of my people. Not one of them knew my story, and I had no way of telling it to them.
During my first two months, the energy I spent trying to reunite with my family blinded me from reality. I was here. I was safe. I wasn't going to waste the opportunity of starting a new safe life. But starting a new life was hard. I couldn't even communicate with anyone. I had to learn a new language but had no way of doing so. I missed my home and now had no connections except memories. Memories clouded by the fear of the unknown. It was not knowing if the destruction back home had stopped or if it ever will.
Once I was thinking about more than just finding my aunty and cousin, I was able to think clearly; this being the first time in since the war started. It wasn't until I heard someone speaking my language that I was able to make a connection. That connection turned into my first conversation in months. There was a whole community of Cambodian immigrants in the eastern suburbs. It was there that I was able to reunite with my family. The feeling of seeing someone I could connect to after months of no connection formulated hope. The community had a Buddhist church. Being inside it made me feel at one with myself and my culture—a culture I hadn't been able to celebrate in months. I had been trying to become at peace with the new culture that I had become at war with mine. I had been changed. Being around people, I can create connections with was when I started to reconnect with myself and my past peacefully and happily.
It took me years to learn English, but once I had, it felt one big step closer to being accepted in this new city. As much as the barrier between me and the rest of society started to fade away, it is still clearly existing in now in the present and will be in the ongoing future, and that's something I am coming to accept. Since my time in Australia, I have traveled back to my country many times and have reunited with the rest of the family that survived the war. I have also managed to start a new family of my own with two beautiful children, one still studying at university and one about to have their first child. As much as I know-how at home, I feel here in Australia, and I have always managed to make staying connected with my past and my culture my number 1 priority.
AUSTIN E
This was it, I finally reached my destination after 15 long days. I was a young boy, only 8 years old when I left and the middle child of 12 siblings. I had trekked through the tough winter climate with the snowing weather and the high altitude on the mountains I was up upon. The journey was tough but completely worthwhile. Sleeping throughout the day, and trekking through the night so we could keep in secrecy and not be found felt very out of the norm. My whole life I had felt watched over like someone was always on my back, but this is what kept me going, to get away from this cruel feeling. Hi, my name is Sonam and this is my story.
1985 was the year I left Tibet as a refugee.
The year where everything changed for me, but for the better of course. Leaving my country was not a choice, something that I may not have wanted to do, but something that I know would be a better option. A safer one. Where I could start fresh, find a good education, and try to live life with my head up high, and no regrets. My uncle, the porters, and I arrived in Nepal 15 days later. We took a route from Tashizom to Nang pa la, which then took you to the Nepalese border. I never felt like this before, a sense of relief and excitement for my journey ahead. I was soon to become a monk, and this was a new experience for me. My uncle was a monk, and learning Buddhist teachings and living a different type of lifestyle felt so very different.
My family and I lived very poorly, and as the Chinese had invaded our country they took many things from us, including valuables. My family wanted the best education for me, so they decided to send me to a school in India (which I arrived in 1986), that was set up by the Dalai Lama's sister for Tibetan children living in exile. This whole school environment was new to me. Interacting with this many people, and having teachers was all very different. I spent the rest of my schooling at this boarding school, learning many subjects including learning two new languages, Hindi and English which took many years to excel in. Graduating school felt like an amazing accomplishment, and I was later awarded a scholarship by the Tibetan exile government to attend the Delhi university. I studied and completed my Bachelor of arts which took three years to complete, which I was pleased about.
2002, was the year I met an amazing woman named Rebecca Mayer. She was Australian, and we first had met online. After many calls, emails, and letters later, she told me she was flying down to India to see me. We had many discussions for me to come to Australia to live with her permanently, but within this, there was a huge problem. The Australian immigration had no intention of letting me in because they thought that I would never return to India, and they didn't believe our relationship was authentic. They didn't think that a successful white business woman would want anything to do with me because I was a refugee from a third world country who had very little money and had left everything behind. As I thought it would get easier, it became harder and harder for us both, as I kept getting rejected as a total of 7 times. The pain we went through was indescribable. I can't imagine going through it again, the many hours of waiting to see if I would be allowed in, and hours of paperwork and us having to justify our relationship to the Australian embassy. Pure bullshit.
As I had just finished my degree at university, I decided to study Masters of Multimedia. This was the most exciting news I had heard in a long time, as Monash University had accepted me to study it. It felt like we were finally getting somewhere. Everything had been sorted, the paperwork had been filed and Rebecca had helped me out. But as we began to realize how long we waited for, they had yet to contact us back. They said that our application had somehow gotten lost, and said: "We will call you back." I was supposed to start university in 2 weeks!
As the phone rang, I jumped up just dying for an answer. Rebecca picked up the phone in confidence. Anything at least. I was praying for the positive outcome we had been waiting for. As the phone call was ended on both lines, my heart pounded. I could tell by the look on her face what the answer was. She tells me that the visa has been refused because I did not meet the criteria. That Rebecca's company was not an international company and that she was sponsoring me. At this point, I had it with Australia's immigration policies and the lies they told us. This was not true as her business was international. We began to quickly look for other options, and I mentioned New Zealand. We came to the idea to try the tourist visa for New Zealand.
We landed in New Zealand in the year 2003, and we got married on the 27th of March 2004. The wedding was quite small with a few of our close friends, and Rebecca's family that had flown down from Australia. Our wedding was beautiful and a traditional Tibetan wedding. The wedding was extra special. Seeing all of her family there and having our closest friends be there with us. What made it more special to me was that we found a Tibetan celebrant who married us, which meant a lot to me.
Later in the year, we decided to try again. We applied for a tourist visa to Australia, which was much easier now, but I still got rejected at least once. Persistence, courage, and patience are what got me through this tough time. And of course my wife. After a long process, I was accepted into Australia. Biggest relief of my life, but of course there was one condition. Every 3 months I had to return to New Zealand and renew the visa.
One year later we arrived in Melbourne. We stayed there for a couple of weeks, then moved to South Australia due to Rebecca's work commitments. Little did we know that we were going to have a baby girl named Lhamo. We later moved back because of more work commitments. A small suburb called Mt Martha is where we lived for a year, down by the beach. We loved the suburb so much that we decided to move to another area in Mt Martha, but a bigger house for Lhamo to grow up in. In the years 2008 and 2009, we had two boys named Yonten and Jamyang.
I am very grateful to have been finally allowed to be accepted in this beautiful country, found the love of my life, built a family, and started work at a family business.
Lhamo T
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Have you ever dreamed of what it would be like to have your own goat? Well dream no more! This floppy Goat Plush will melt your heart with its 3D eyes that stare into your soul and soft plush horns to stab you right in the feels.
The tip of his 16 inch tongue is Velcro for the authentic "goat tongue" sensation you've been craving and allows for easy accessorizing. The goat's feet and belly are weighted so the plush can either stand or sit to judge you as you are playing Goat Simulator all day long.


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Sound symbolism in Brazilian Portuguese Pokémon names: Evidence for cross-linguistic similarities and differences
Mahayana C. Godoy, André Lucas Gomes, Gakuji Kumagai, Shigeto Kawahara
Institute of Cultural & Linguistic Studies
Several studies in linguistics and related disciplines have been extensively exploring sound symbolism, systematic associations between sounds and meanings. Against this theoretical development, research on Pokémon names has shed new light on cross-linguistic similarities and differences in sound symbolic patterns, using similar experimental stimuli across different target languages. A recent experimental study has demonstrated that Brazilian Portuguese speakers sound-symbolically signal evolution when naming Pokémon characters: post-evolution Pokémon characters tend to receive longer names with more voiced obstruents, while preevolution characters tend to receive shorter names with fewer voiced obstruents. Other recent studies showed that in Japanese and English, sound symbolism can also signal differences in Pokémon type: evil-looking characters tend to be associated with voiced obstruents, while flyingtype characters tend to have names with sibilants. Integrating the insights offered by these two lines of previous studies, the current paper examines whether Brazilian Portuguese speakers are sensitive to these type-related sound symbolic associations. To improve upon previous studies, we used a free-naming task in order to give participants freedom to create new names. This experiment corroborated the associations between voiced obstruents and evil-type characters, but not the association between sibilants and flying-type characters. A follow-up experiment with a forced-choice paradigm, the same method used in earlier work, also failed to reveal systematic connections between sibilants and flying-type characters. These results indicate that this association may not be universal, contrary to the claim made in previous studies.
Journal of Portuguese Linguistics
https://doi.org/10.5334/JPL.257
Pokémon names
sibilants
sound symbolism
task effects
voiced obstruents
10.5334/JPL.257
Dive into the research topics of 'Sound symbolism in Brazilian Portuguese Pokémon names: Evidence for cross-linguistic similarities and differences'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Sound Symbolism Arts & Humanities 100%
Brazilian Portuguese Arts & Humanities 87%
symbolism Social Sciences 77%
Obstruents Arts & Humanities 46%
Names Arts & Humanities 39%
Sibilants Arts & Humanities 37%
evidence Social Sciences 27%
Godoy, M. C., Gomes, A. L., Kumagai, G., & Kawahara, S. (2021). Sound symbolism in Brazilian Portuguese Pokémon names: Evidence for cross-linguistic similarities and differences. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics, 20(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.5334/JPL.257
Sound symbolism in Brazilian Portuguese Pokémon names : Evidence for cross-linguistic similarities and differences. / Godoy, Mahayana C.; Gomes, André Lucas; Kumagai, Gakuji et al.
In: Journal of Portuguese Linguistics, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2021, p. 1-23.
Godoy, MC, Gomes, AL, Kumagai, G & Kawahara, S 2021, 'Sound symbolism in Brazilian Portuguese Pokémon names: Evidence for cross-linguistic similarities and differences', Journal of Portuguese Linguistics, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1-23. https://doi.org/10.5334/JPL.257
Godoy MC, Gomes AL, Kumagai G, Kawahara S. Sound symbolism in Brazilian Portuguese Pokémon names: Evidence for cross-linguistic similarities and differences. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics. 2021;20(1):1-23. doi: 10.5334/JPL.257
Godoy, Mahayana C. ; Gomes, André Lucas ; Kumagai, Gakuji et al. / Sound symbolism in Brazilian Portuguese Pokémon names : Evidence for cross-linguistic similarities and differences. In: Journal of Portuguese Linguistics. 2021 ; Vol. 20, No. 1. pp. 1-23.
@article{ff833914015044e08eefaca8ce117649,
title = "Sound symbolism in Brazilian Portuguese Pok{\'e}mon names: Evidence for cross-linguistic similarities and differences",
abstract = "Several studies in linguistics and related disciplines have been extensively exploring sound symbolism, systematic associations between sounds and meanings. Against this theoretical development, research on Pok{\'e}mon names has shed new light on cross-linguistic similarities and differences in sound symbolic patterns, using similar experimental stimuli across different target languages. A recent experimental study has demonstrated that Brazilian Portuguese speakers sound-symbolically signal evolution when naming Pok{\'e}mon characters: post-evolution Pok{\'e}mon characters tend to receive longer names with more voiced obstruents, while preevolution characters tend to receive shorter names with fewer voiced obstruents. Other recent studies showed that in Japanese and English, sound symbolism can also signal differences in Pok{\'e}mon type: evil-looking characters tend to be associated with voiced obstruents, while flyingtype characters tend to have names with sibilants. Integrating the insights offered by these two lines of previous studies, the current paper examines whether Brazilian Portuguese speakers are sensitive to these type-related sound symbolic associations. To improve upon previous studies, we used a free-naming task in order to give participants freedom to create new names. This experiment corroborated the associations between voiced obstruents and evil-type characters, but not the association between sibilants and flying-type characters. A follow-up experiment with a forced-choice paradigm, the same method used in earlier work, also failed to reveal systematic connections between sibilants and flying-type characters. These results indicate that this association may not be universal, contrary to the claim made in previous studies.",
keywords = "Brazilian Portuguese, Pok{\'e}mon names, sibilants, sound symbolism, task effects, voiced obstruents",
author = "Godoy, {Mahayana C.} and Gomes, {Andr{\'e} Lucas} and Gakuji Kumagai and Shigeto Kawahara",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Renata Sabrinne de Carvalho for coding the responses in the first experiment. We are also grateful to Ms. toto-mame for allowing us to use her pictures for the current experiments. This study was supported by a Propesq/UFRN scholarship granted to the 2nd author, a Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists from JSPS (#19K13164) to the 3rd author, and the JSPS grants #17K13448 and #18H03579 to the 4th author. Thanks also goes to two anonymous reviewers for the constructive comments that they offered, as well as to Donna Erickson for proof-reading a pre-final draft of the paper. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Author(s). All Rights Reserved.",
doi = "10.5334/JPL.257",
journal = "Journal of Portuguese Linguistics",
publisher = "Ubiquity Press Ltd.",
T1 - Sound symbolism in Brazilian Portuguese Pokémon names
T2 - Evidence for cross-linguistic similarities and differences
AU - Godoy, Mahayana C.
AU - Gomes, André Lucas
AU - Kumagai, Gakuji
AU - Kawahara, Shigeto
N1 - Funding Information: We thank Renata Sabrinne de Carvalho for coding the responses in the first experiment. We are also grateful to Ms. toto-mame for allowing us to use her pictures for the current experiments. This study was supported by a Propesq/UFRN scholarship granted to the 2nd author, a Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists from JSPS (#19K13164) to the 3rd author, and the JSPS grants #17K13448 and #18H03579 to the 4th author. Thanks also goes to two anonymous reviewers for the constructive comments that they offered, as well as to Donna Erickson for proof-reading a pre-final draft of the paper. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s). All Rights Reserved.
N2 - Several studies in linguistics and related disciplines have been extensively exploring sound symbolism, systematic associations between sounds and meanings. Against this theoretical development, research on Pokémon names has shed new light on cross-linguistic similarities and differences in sound symbolic patterns, using similar experimental stimuli across different target languages. A recent experimental study has demonstrated that Brazilian Portuguese speakers sound-symbolically signal evolution when naming Pokémon characters: post-evolution Pokémon characters tend to receive longer names with more voiced obstruents, while preevolution characters tend to receive shorter names with fewer voiced obstruents. Other recent studies showed that in Japanese and English, sound symbolism can also signal differences in Pokémon type: evil-looking characters tend to be associated with voiced obstruents, while flyingtype characters tend to have names with sibilants. Integrating the insights offered by these two lines of previous studies, the current paper examines whether Brazilian Portuguese speakers are sensitive to these type-related sound symbolic associations. To improve upon previous studies, we used a free-naming task in order to give participants freedom to create new names. This experiment corroborated the associations between voiced obstruents and evil-type characters, but not the association between sibilants and flying-type characters. A follow-up experiment with a forced-choice paradigm, the same method used in earlier work, also failed to reveal systematic connections between sibilants and flying-type characters. These results indicate that this association may not be universal, contrary to the claim made in previous studies.
AB - Several studies in linguistics and related disciplines have been extensively exploring sound symbolism, systematic associations between sounds and meanings. Against this theoretical development, research on Pokémon names has shed new light on cross-linguistic similarities and differences in sound symbolic patterns, using similar experimental stimuli across different target languages. A recent experimental study has demonstrated that Brazilian Portuguese speakers sound-symbolically signal evolution when naming Pokémon characters: post-evolution Pokémon characters tend to receive longer names with more voiced obstruents, while preevolution characters tend to receive shorter names with fewer voiced obstruents. Other recent studies showed that in Japanese and English, sound symbolism can also signal differences in Pokémon type: evil-looking characters tend to be associated with voiced obstruents, while flyingtype characters tend to have names with sibilants. Integrating the insights offered by these two lines of previous studies, the current paper examines whether Brazilian Portuguese speakers are sensitive to these type-related sound symbolic associations. To improve upon previous studies, we used a free-naming task in order to give participants freedom to create new names. This experiment corroborated the associations between voiced obstruents and evil-type characters, but not the association between sibilants and flying-type characters. A follow-up experiment with a forced-choice paradigm, the same method used in earlier work, also failed to reveal systematic connections between sibilants and flying-type characters. These results indicate that this association may not be universal, contrary to the claim made in previous studies.
KW - Brazilian Portuguese
KW - Pokémon names
KW - sibilants
KW - sound symbolism
KW - task effects
KW - voiced obstruents
U2 - 10.5334/JPL.257
DO - 10.5334/JPL.257
JO - Journal of Portuguese Linguistics
JF - Journal of Portuguese Linguistics


APNA Texas is utilizing a grant to help coordinate and disseminate recovery knowledge, attitudes and skills across Texas. Using APNA's Recovery to Practice program, mental health care is transformed to recovery oriented care by teaching others and training facilitators who can build a sustainable program.
Describe the assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation process for the Recovery to Practice (RTP) initiative in Texas.
Describe ways to engage and obtain commitment from organizations across the state.
Discuss outcomes of the program.


Park 56 Dental Group (New York) - Book Appointment Online!
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DyMe-A-DuZiN drops a dope track featuring three members from Pro Era: Joey Bada$$, Capital STEEZ, and CJ Fly. They spit some dope verses, further solidifying that the game is safe in the hands of Pro Era. Check out the track and video for "Swank Sinatra" above. Enjoy.


text:
Antelope, OR
Best Libraries around Antelope, OR
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Mission:To enrich our community by providing access to the power of information and imagination.Vision:-A community of lifelong learners where ever...
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Grab your broom and mop! Let's clean the sea with Baby Shark and Shark Family!
You're watching 'Clean the Sea', a fun Baby Shark Sing Along series created by Pinkfong!
Time to clean the sea.
Sweep with a broom, broom.
Here and there under the sea.
Working as a team to clean.
it's so clean and shiny!
Chi-ki, chi-ki, chi-ki, chi-ki, boom.
Chi-ki, chi-ki. Boom boom boom!


The benefits of Permanent Cosmetics are being discovered by people from all walks of life including professional women, athletes, those with poor eyesight or unsteady hands, those with sensitivities to traditional cosmetics and those whose work precludes wearing makeup. Properly applied Permanent Cosmetics are so natural your neighbor will never know you are wearing them.
Once you have made the decision to have Permanent Cosmetics applied you have the important task of finding a qualified technician to do the work for you. This is a critical decision. Locate a technician in the same manner you would a doctor, dentist, etc. Since there are no uniform regulations in the country, it is mandatory you learn as much as possible about the industry so you can determine who is a qualified professional in this field. Remember you are altering your appearance permanently so it is important you make your decision carefully.
It is important you visit the site where the work will be done. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) set standards for physical cleanliness and a sanitary working environment. Does the location you are visiting meet this outward criteria? Is there hot and cold running water on the premises other than in a rest-room? Is the work being done in a private room where other contaminants, such as acrylic nail dust, cannot circulate in the air?
Is the technician clean and neat? Do they use new gloves for every client? Do they use clean sheets on your chair/bed? Are the technician's nails clean and short? Most importantly, do they use new sterile needles and equipment with each client?
Ask about the technician's background. How long have they been in the industry and how many procedures have they done? Ask to see all certificates of training and continuing education. Since this field is rapidly evolving, regular continuing education is a must. For someone relatively new to the industry, ask how many hours of training they have had. A two-day course is not enough and should disqualify the technician unless she/he have been in the field for more than one year.
Look at the technician's portfolio and inquire if this is their own work. Does their work match your own personal style as it relates or relative to how intense the finished work is, how wide the eyeliner, how red the lips or lip liner.
If you desire permanent lip color, find a technician who is experienced in this procedure. Lip work is more advanced than eyeliner and eyebrows and should only be entered into after consultation with the technician and a review of their picture portfolio. If you are considering cheek blush or eyeshadow, select a technician that has been in the field for many years. These procedures the most difficult of all and should not be considered unless you have seen other acceptable work from the technician and have reviewed their qualifications.
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As you do your research into this industry, bear in mind Permanent Cosmetics are a form of tattooing and must be thought of as lifelong. It is important you be comfortable with your technician before you start. You will have a special relationship with your technician. You must be confident he/she will give you a look you will be comfortable wearing for many years.


Home Uncategorized Howdy Week 2018 Begins Sunday August 19th!
Summer is nearly over and we are ready for the Fall Semester. Howdy Week begins Sunday, August 19th, 2018, and we have several events lined up to welcome new students and welcome back returning students.
Welcome Back BBQ at Hillel on Sunday, August 19th from 4pm until 6pm.
Gefilte Fish Camp on Wednesday, August 22nd from 3pm until 7pm (for freshmen only, registrations closes Friday, August 17th).
Hillel Open House on Thursday, August 23rd from 4pm until 6pm.
First Shabbat of the Semester on Friday, August 24th. Services start at 6:30pm.
We are so excited and look forward to to seeing everyone!


text:
Restructured DIUx leads $36M in Q4 investments
Written by Samantha Ehlinger
Oct 14, 2016 | FEDSCOOP
After a rocky start criticized by Congress and a restructuring in May, the Pentagon's tech startup announced Thursday it had a productive fourth quarter, awarding 12 agreements totaling $36.3 million.
The Defense Innovation Unit Experimental, known as DIUx, contributed $8.3 million of that total while other Defense Department agencies joined in for the other $28 million, DIUx Managing Director Raj Shah told reporters. The turnaround to award those contracts was fast — companies got an award in an average of 59 days after submitting an initial proposal, Shah said.
A key component to the quick timing is DIUx's development and use of a streamlined contracting mechanism called a commercial solutions opening. Shah noted DIUx isn't the only one who can use it — the authority was granted to the whole of the Defense Department by Congress.
But DIUx is happy to be the test bed, he said.
"Whenever you try something new, there's got to be someone that's first, that goes through the motions and irons out the wrinkles and makes it into a repeatable process," Shah said. "So we're happy to play that role."
Shah said he's optimistic others in the department will follow suit.
The streamlined method is attractive to smaller companies who usually do not contract with the Defense Department, because parts of the contract are negotiable (like intellectual property rights) and the time to an award is much faster than the traditional contracting process, he said.
"The CSO is a reliable and transparent process where a company can quickly understand if their proposed solution is valuable to the department or not, and then what those next steps are," he said.
What may be the most important, Shah said, is that "upon success of a prototype, the CSO allows quick transition, or transition into procurement contracts."
What companies are getting the money?
One agreement Shah highlighted with Sonitus, out of San Mateo, California, is designed to adapt a wireless, hands-free, ears-free communication device placed in the mouth for the Air National Guard.
Earlier in the company's development, the product was funded by In-Q-Tel, Shah said.
"And so by coordination with this company, we're taking this technology to the next stage of its lifecycle, realizing and helping to realize return on In-Q-Tel's initial investment," Shah said.
In another agreement with Tanium out of Emeryville, California, DIUx is working to help the DOD CIO be more aware of what's on the department's network by providing near-real-time visibility and control of network endpoints.
"The end result will provide our cyber defense operators the ability to monitor and react to the rapidly changing threats with confidence and speed," according to a document given to reporters.
Will DIUx last into the next administration?
DIUx is currently in its second iteration after restructuring driven in part by congressional criticism. The second version, dubbed DIUx 2.0, included a new reporting structure, a new director and other changes.
Recent comments from one congressional staff member indicate lawmakers are still skeptical if the group will fulfill its initial purpose, even after the restructuring.
"The original concept of DIUx was to find companies who were doing sort of groundbreaking technology and marry them up with other organizations in the DOD who need that sort of technology," Anish Goel, a professional staff member for the Senate Armed Services Committee, said last week. "But from our perspective the problem before was not that these companies didn't know what the needs were in DOD; it's that they didn't want to work with them because of all of the rules that go along with working with DOD."
At a panel discussion hosted SRI International, Goel outlined several common problems working with the Defense Department, like the time it takes, the strings attached and the rules companies have to follow.
"So unless you fix all that other stuff in terms of acquisition and contracting…How is DIUx really contributing to that problem?" Goel said. "Having a dating service really is not the problem in our mind."
[Read more: Senate staffer: Lawmakers still skeptical of DIUx, Obama threatens veto of defense bill over tech outpost funding]
Goel also said at the time Congress is wondering how DIUx is any different from other programs designed to drive innovation for the DOD.
Congressional questions about DIUx, Goel said then, "have heretofore remained unanswered."
When asked where DIUx fits in to the Defense Department, especially given its other innovation initiatives, Shah said the key distinction is that DIUx is "solely focused on leveraging commercial technologies, markets and investments."
"We are trying to find companies and products where there's been significant amount of investment from people outside of the department, which allows us to get the capabilities that we need cheaper and more efficiently," Shah said. "We're also very much focused on speed."
He also noted: "We've been moving very, very fast, in startup speed over the last 140 days, and so now we're taking a pause to be able to communicate what we've done and why we at the department think it's valuable."
Another congressional concern has been that the program focuses too much on Silicon Valley, Goel noted. DIUx has added a hub in Boston and more recently in Austin, Texas.
[Read more: DIUx expands to Austin, Texas]
But so far it appears from the document provided to reporters the majority of companies awarded contracts are located in California.
Looking ahead to a changing administration, another potential concern with cementing DIUx's future, Shah said he is optimistic "the subsequent secretary, and the subsequent secretary after that, will see the value of this engagement and will be pleased to have DIUx in his or her quiver of tools to achieve their missions and goals."
"Clearly Secretary Carter's interest and commitment to this has helped us to get started, but I think that no matter who is the secretary… our national security going forward will rely on a significant part on our ability to access the innovation centers that we have across our nation," Shah said.
Department of Defense (DOD), Departments, DIU (formerly DIUx)


text:
Q: Chrome extension to search a website? I'm trying to create a google chrome extension (I'm almost a newb at programming, although I understand the basics, somewhat) that will search a video streaming site for the title that you enter. The site is somewhat slow, and going through a page or two to get to the sites' search bar can be a pain. I would (for now) like this extension to tie into the sites' existing search url. Here is part of the URL. When you leave the search field blank and search, this is the resulting URL
anisrch_title=&op=srch&anisrch_cat=
When you actually search for something, it simply inserts the search term as follows:
anisrch_title=(SEARCH TERM HERE WITHOUT PARENTHESES)&op=srch&anisrch_cat=
As I mentioned before, I am a programming newbie, and am unfamiliar with all sorts of programming techniques. How would I go about making an extension that redirects you to the URL + the search term inserted into the appropriate place?
For example, upon clicking the extension Icon, a pop-up appears with a text field and a "Go" button.
Textfield input = SearchTitle
And upon clicking the "Go" button, the extension redirects you to the full link of:
anisrch_title=(SearchTitle)&op=srch&anisrch_cat=
Please be patient with me, as I am a newbie at coding and I am still learning. The site I am making this for is strained by heavy load, and insufficient server resources. Could someone please walk me through this?

A:
For example, upon clicking the extension Icon, a pop-up appears with a
  text field and a "Go" button. Textfield input = SearchTitle

Use a browser action (https://developer.chrome.com/trunk/extensions/browserAction.html). The popup of a browser action can be a html page. Just put your text field, go button, etc in popup.html.

And upon clicking the "Go" button, the extension redirects you to the
  full link of: anisrch_title=(SearchTitle)&op=srch&anisrch_cat=

redirect? Did you mean opening the search page in the current tab? If that is the case, use chrome.tabs.update (https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/tabs.html#method-update) in your handler of onclick for the button (say your button id is go and text field id is query). Because of CSP (https://developer.chrome.com/trunk/extensions/contentSecurityPolicy.html), you must place your JavaScript code in a separate popup.js and refer to it in your popup.html.
document.getElementById('go').addEventListener('click', function() {
  chrome.tabs.update({url: 'http://yoursite.com/path?anisrch_title=' + document.getElementById('query')'&op=srch&anisrch_cat='});
});

If you prefer opening a new tab, use chrome.tabs.create instead.
If you're not familiar with basics of Chrome extensions, the Getting Started tutorial will help you much: https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/getstarted.html.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A great story about how one man tried to keep artificial music out of his church believing it wrong to use anything but the human voice to praise God.
This recollection of Mary Hibler White was originally manually typed and sent to Kathryn (WHITE) PASSEY, Mary's daughter.
Whitney (PASSEY) KELSON, Kathryn's daughter, contributed it to the website.


The Minister of Basic Education Mrs Angie Motshekga will on Monday 08 April 2019, release the findings of the 2017 School Monitoring Survey.
Indicator 1: The percentage of schools where all allocated teaching posts are filled.
Indicator 2: The average number of hours per year that teachers spend on professional development activities.
Indicator 3: The percentage of teachers absent from school on an average day.
Indicator 4: The percentage of learners, per grade and subject, with access to the required textbooks and workbooks for the entire school year.
Indicator 5: The percentage of learners in schools with a library or media centre meeting certain minimum standards.
Indicator 6: The percentage of schools with the minimum set of management documents at the required standard.
Indicator 7: The percentage of schools where the School Governing Body (SGB) meets the minimum criteria of effectiveness.
Indicator 8: The percentage of learners in schools that are funded at the minimum level.
Indicator 9: The percentage of schools which have acquired the full set of financial management responsibilities on the basis of an assessment of their financial management capacity.
Indicator 10: The percentage of schools which comply with nationally-determined minimum physical infrastructure standards.
Indicator 11: The percentage of schools with at least one educator who has received specialised training in identifying and supporting learners with special educational needs (LSEN).
Indicator 12: The percentage of schools visited at least twice a year by district officials for monitoring and support purposes.
Indicator 13: The percentage of school principals rating the support services of districts as being satisfactory.
In assessing how far these goals and indicators are being met, the School Monitoring Survey (SMS) 2017 builds on the SMS 2011, allowing the Department to track delivery progress over this period, with the key objective of fulfilling the department's vision for schooling in 2030.