Without lipstick I feel quite bare, like my make-up isn't fully finished, so it's something I have quite a collection of. A while ago I was bought these three Ciate lipstains in a cute little set. They are the first Ciate lipsticks I had used so had no idea what to expect. First I realised you do not need a lot of this product. With the first swipe you can immediately see the rich colour. Using a thin layer makes it feel much more natural plus the product will last longer this way.
These three shades are a perfect combination of everyday and evening occasions and all are shades that I wear frequently. I probably wear 'Swoon' the most as it's the lightest and most subtle for everyday. For a slightly bolder look I wear 'Pin Up' which is still perfect for everyday, of course bright and bold lipsticks are appropriate for every occasion however I prefer to stay with more neutral colours. I do enjoy playing around with darker, and brighter shades every so often. If you follow me on Instagram you'll have seen how I've been wearing 'Diva' mainly with my simple, no eyeshadow, make up. They dry with a very matte look and the colour does last a craazy amount of time. Only one (two maximum) applications are needed because it lasts through eating, drinking, everything! On one of the days I applied it around 10am, then ate lunch etc and it was still there at 6:30pm.
They aren't uncomfortable to wear, feeling very thin and barely there. Although you can tell they're matte if you tried rubbing your lips together after it has dried, however this may be the reason they don't really transfer from your lips. Using a thin layer makes it feel much more natural plus the product will last longer this way.
To avoid my lips looking dry, or being dried out by matte lipsticks, I apply a small amount of lip balm before anything.
The red in this set can smudge a little so to prevent this I apply lip liner, I also do this to make my lips look slightly plumper, I line the very outer edge of my lips – as far as I can go without being able to tell.
Now for the lipstick, I start from the outer edge and create a neat line following the lip liner round, once I'm happy with this I fill the inner part in.
If I've smudged any or made any mistake at all I take a Q-tip and gently wipe the very edge of my skin to remove the mistakes. Be careful not to press too hard as you could ruin your foundation. If you're struggling to create a smooth line this is this best way to correct it.


The only national caterer in Arizona, we are equipped to feed up to 25,000 people in remote locations anywhere in North America. We cook onsite- to ensure the freshest food. Award winning chef's will create a wide variety of meals to keep the crew happy and provide craft services throughout the day.


E-cigarette devices consists of nicotine which can affect your health severely over the time.
E-cigarettes are battery-operated devices that have containers filled with liquid. This liquid is usually made harmful chemicals.
E-cigarettes contain particles of nicotine and nicotine is known to be an addictive substance. Especially, people with heart issues should avoid e-cigarettes. Not only for people with a weak heart, it can also be detrimental for others health as well.
Vaporiser is bad for a pregnant woman as well, even if she is a passive smoker and not a active one. It has the ability to damage the baby in the womb. It can damage the developing brain of the child and could impact their memory and concentration level.
Health experts are of the opinion that vaporiser is less dangerous than smoking. According to experts, cigarette smoking kills people because of the harmful chemicals that are burned and then inhaled. In e-cigarette, people are less exposed to those harmful chemicals but they too have the ability to develop health issues to an extent. As e-cigarettes are also not safe for health and lead to health issues, they are banned in no-smoking zones.


Ricardo Luna, of Burgers Bar and Grill, serves Dee-Dee Lorenson a sample, Monday night at Taste of the Gogebic Range competition and fundraiser.
IRONWOOD - A crowd of 200 people gathered at the Gogebic Community College's seventh annual Taste of the Gogebic Range fundraiser to sample the the finest food 13 area restaurants had to offer at the Lindquist Center Monday evening.
The annual event raises money for the foundations various projects, said GCC President Jim Lorenson, including scholarships, student activites and student lounges.


CLEVELAND – The Cleveland Orchestra announced a special event during its 50th anniversary Blossom Music Festival season: Roger Daltrey performs The Who's TOMMY with members of The Who Band and The Cleveland Orchestra. The Who's classic rock opera, Tommy, will be performed by The Cleveland Orchestra and vocalist Roger Daltrey, the iconic lead singer of The Who, on Sunday, July 8, 2018 at 8:00 p.m. at Blossom Music Center. This special event does not include an opening act.
Composed by The Who's legendary lead guitarist Pete Townshend and released in 1969, and featuring hits like "Pinball Wizard" and "I'm Free," Tommy is one of the most acclaimed and defining works of the rock era and an enduring album that resonates to this day. The groundbreaking double album was inducted into The Grammy Hall of Fame in 1998, and Roger Daltrey played the title role in the successful 1975 film of the same name. Recognized as one of the most influential rock bands in history, The Who were inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 1990.
Complete details of The Cleveland Orchestra's 50th Anniversary Season at Blossom Music Festival will be announced in February.
Tickets to this special event will be offered during a pre-sale period to current Cleveland Orchestra subscribers and donors, as well as members of the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, starting January 29, 2018 at 3:00 p.m. All tickets will be on sale on February 2, 2018 at 10:00 a.m. Patrons can purchase tickets through the Severance Hall Ticket Office or online at clevelandorchestra.com. Pavilion tickets start at $45 and lawn tickets are $35. For more information about purchasing tickets, call Cleveland Orchestra Ticket Services at 216-231-1111 or 800-686-1141, or visit clevelandorchestra.com.
This special one-night-only event is not included as part of subscriptions, lawn ticket book packages, or the Under 18s Free program for the 2018 Blossom Music Festival Season.
Paid parking in paved lots is available by advance purchase: $40 for premium parking in Lot A and $20 for Lots C/D/E. Parking in grass lots is free.
This concert will include increased security measures, due to the anticipated crowd size.
Large, hard sided coolers; large, oversized bags; umbrellas; and wagons will not be allowed.
Lawn chairs must be no higher than nine inches off the ground, the size of a standard beach chair. No camping chairs, bag chairs, folding chairs, or patio chairs are permitted. Chairs will be available for rent.
Size restrictions will be placed on bags (no larger than 14"x12"x6").
Increased security at the entry gates, including bag checks and metal detector screening.
Guests may bring in a light picnic or snacks, packed into one (1) one-gallon, sealed clear zip-top bag. Please reserve one bag per person.
Outside beer and thermoses will not be permitted.
One factory sealed 750 ml bottle of wine per adult (over 21) will be allowed. Other than wine bottles, no glass will be permitted. Guests should bring their own plastic drinkware.
One factory sealed or empty bottle of water (up to a gallon in size) is permitted per person. Other soft drinks are not permitted.
No weapons of any kind will be permitted inside the venue, including but not limited to knives, guns, mace, etc.
Security policies and procedures are subject to change.
Guests are encouraged to purchase picnic options which are available for pre-order and pick-up onsite at the Blossom Music Center Special Events Center. More information will be available after the full 2018 Blossom season is announced in February 2018.
Blossom Music Center, which opened in 1968, is celebrating its 50th anniversary during the 2018 season. The summer home of The Cleveland Orchestra, Blossom is located 25 miles south of Cleveland just north of Akron, Ohio. The Center's name honors the Dudley S. Blossom family, major supporters of The Cleveland Orchestra throughout its history. Blossom is situated in the rolling hills of Cuyahoga Valley National Park, which protects 33,000 acres along the Cuyahoga River between Akron and Cleveland. Blossom lies within the city limits of Cuyahoga Falls, an Ohio community first settled in the early 1800s, at 1145 West Steels Corners Road in Summit County. Blossom reopened in 2003 following the completion of the Blossom Redevelopment Project, which featured a highly-acclaimed renovation of the facility and improved patron amenities. The Blossom Redevelopment Project was the first major capital improvements project in the history of the facility, which serves more than 400,000 visitors each summer. The Blossom Music Festival is a smoke-free environment; smoking is not permitted at concerts and other events during the Blossom Music Festival.
Sunday, July 8, 2018 at 8:00 p.m.
"Tommy! Can you hear me?" See it, feel it, hear it … live this summer. The original pinball wizard, The Who's Roger Daltrey, performs for one night only with The Cleveland Orchestra.


Most Americans passively accept the policy known as "affirmative action" -- i.e., state-sponsored discrimination against their fellow citizens -- but this could never be said of Ward Connerly. Mr. Connerly, the founder and president of the American Civil Rights Institute, has led the public fight against race-based hiring and promotional practices for over fifteen years. Previously, he served a twelve-year term as a member of the University of California Board of Regents. His tenure coincided with the board voting in 1995 to terminate racial preferences in regards to student admissions. His victories are numerous but none more significant than the 1996 passage of Proposition 209 in California. The release of his latest book, Lessons from My Uncle James: Beyond Skin Color to the Content of Our Character, is what occasioned this interview. He is also the author of Creating Equal: My Fight Against Race Preferences.
BC: Congratulations, sir, on your latest book, Lessons from My Uncle James: Beyond Skin Color to the Content of Our Character. It reminded me very much of Clarence Thomas' My Grandfather's Son, which you reference in your narrative. Your uncle, James Louis, was very similar to the daunting figure that still looms over Justice Thomas. Do you think that such men are extinct today?
Ward Connerly: I believe they are not extinct, but they are clearly endangered, primarily because we place so little value on being what Uncle James regarded as a "mane." Over the years, our society has essentially neutered manhood to the point that men like James Louis are made to appear to be creatures of the past. Modern-day men are expected to express their "feelings," be politically correct in what they say, and not give deference to women in such matters as opening doors for them. All of these attributes have served the purpose of reducing the stature of bigger-than-life men and diminishing their influence in their own families.
BC: James Louis was not related to you by blood. What inspired him to make the sacrifices that he did?
Ward Connerly: Uncle James always said, "Your word is your bond." When Uncle James told my mother that he would take care of me in the event of her death, his commitment became an unalienable obligation, simply because he had given his word. Moreover, James Louis seemed to thrive on being responsible. Accepting personal responsibility to feed, clothe, and house your family and take care of your dogs went to the core of who he was and of being a "mane."
BC: James would be excoriated on Oprah and The View over his stoicism in regards to emotion. He didn't go around telling everyone he loved them. Indeed, he said, "I'm here with you, ain't I?" to such questions, but was his love more legitimate due to its being tangible and not solely rooted in speech?
Ward Connerly: I believe it was. In his view, if you didn't show your love by your deeds, then there was reason to doubt it. In a sense, I believe he thought that words seemed to discount the value of his love. In short, he would have said, "Bert [his wife], if I have to tell you that I love you, I must not be carrying out my responsibilities as a 'mane.'"
BC: Uncle James called common sense "mother wit." He had it in abundance. Do you think that the reason so many politicians and journalists are devoid of it has to do with its being so "common"? In other words, is it the exact opposite of Occam's razor, whereby they reject common sense because it is not something you need an advanced degree to express?
Ward Connerly: Well said! Politicians, journalists, academicians -- the elites, if you will -- devalue basic instincts, self-evident truths, and the traits that are common to us as human beings. They seem to believe that all life can be defined and measured by our analytical powers instead of common sense. Even animals have their own "systems" of behavior and are governed by those inherent systems. Uncle James believed that human beings do as well and that they should rely on them. To him, "too much learning" often got in the way of "mother wit."


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Commercial & Litigation
Personal/Private Clients
What is the definition of Not-For-Profit?
Under the Charities Act 2013 (Cth), an organisation must satisfy the following in order to be recognised as a charity:
be not-for-profit
have only charitable purposes that are for the public benefit (more information on these purposes can be found here
not have a disqualifying purpose
not be an individual, a political party or a government entity
In this Insight, we explore the first requirement; that is, the definition and legal requirements of a not-for-profit.
Not-for-profit organisations provide services to the community, and do not operate to make a profit or for the benefit of particular people, including the organisation's members, directors or staff.
This principle does not prevent:
a member from receiving services from the organisation as a member, provided those services are consistent with the organisation's objects.
staff and even directors being paid for their work, so long as the amount payable is not unreasonable, having regard to the association's objects. You can read more on this issue here.
So, for example, a religious organisation is not prevented from providing religious services for the benefit of its members, however, the directors of the organisation (who may themselves be members) would not be entitled to share in its revenue from tickets sales to members and the general public at its festivals.
To qualify as a not-for-profit organisation, the income, assets and surplus funds of the organisation must be used to achieve its objectives and cannot be distributed to members.
This does not mean a charity cannot make a profit or operate with an annual modest surplus per se – merely that the profit or surplus cannot be distributed to members. It would also raise questions if the charity accumulated surpluses generated from its activities over many years without applying the surplus or income to its charitable objects.
Indeed, one would expect a financially well run charity to have in place a policy of budgeting to achieve a small surplus annually, reserving those funds to generate additional income for its activities and/or for future capital expenditure and so to improve its capacity to deliver on its objects in the medium to longer term.
Reinvesting surpluses to aid the organisation to carry out its mission, such as saving up for new projects, building and infrastructure, or technology is likely to be appropriate. Running the organisation for the financial benefit of a handful of closely associated directors or their associates is not.
In practical terms, these questions of whether an organisation is a 'not-for-profit' entity will turn on whether appropriate limiting clauses are included in the organisation's constitution and on whether there are adequate arrangements operating to prevent directors, members and staff or their close associates from deriving any inappropriate personal benefit from the charity.
Are you unsure of whether your organisation meets this test?
We can help you review or draft suitable 'not-for-profit' provisions in your organisation's governing documents including provisions for:
not-for-profit status
dissolution without distribution to members
DGR revocation to enable the transfer of any surplus to an organisation with similar objects in the event the organisation is wound up
We can also help you design governance arrangements and build compliance systems to help monitor and ensure that your organisation effectively implements its not for profit objectives. This includes managing potential conflicts of interest for directors, key staff and volunteers. This can be achieved by:
adopting an appropriate conflicts of interest policy;
implementing a declarations of interests register;
minuting conflicts and treatments through your governing body; and
ensuring contractual arrangements with directors, staff, volunteers and third-parties, financial delegations and procedures are truly reflective of a 'not-for-profit' culture.
Please get in touch for a confidential discussion with Birchgrove Legal NFP Team today on (02) 9055 8348.
Birchgrove Legal is a boutique Sydney law firm that specialises in the not-for-practice sector. Its market-leading practice is at the cutting edge of innovative approaches to serving NFP sector organisations across the spectrum of entity types. Get in touch with one of our authors to discuss your needs further.
Our Not-for-profit Sector Experts
Moustafa Kheir
Principal Solicitor
Hamza Alameddine
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»Department of Natural Resources (NR)
»Chs. NR 400-499; Environmental Protection – Air Pollution Control
»Chapter NR 405
NR 405.12(1) (1) The owner or operator of a proposed major source or major modification shall submit all information necessary to perform any analysis or make any determination required under procedures established in accordance with this chapter.
NR 405.12(2) (2) Such information shall include:
NR 405.12(2)(a) (a) A description of the nature, location, design capacity, and typical operating schedule of the major source or major modification, including specifications and drawings showing its design and plant layout.
NR 405.12(2)(b) (b) A detailed schedule for construction of the major source or major modification.
NR 405.12(2)(c) (c) A detailed description as to what system of continuous emission reduction is planned by the major source or major modification, emission estimates, and any other information as necessary to determine that best available control technology as applicable would be applied.
NR 405.12(3) (3) The owner or operator shall also provide information on all of the following:
NR 405.12(3)(a) (a) The air quality impact of the major source or major modification, including meteorological and topographical data necessary to estimate such impact.
NR 405.12(3)(b) (b) The air quality impacts and the nature and extent of any or all general, commercial, residential, industrial and other growth which has occurred since August 7, 1977, in the area the major source or major modification would affect.
NR 405.12 History History: Cr. Register, January, 1987, No. 373, eff. 2-1-87; am. (3) (intro.), Register, December, 1996, No. 492, eff. 1-1-97.
NR 405.13 NR 405.13 Additional impact analyses.
NR 405.13(1) (1) The owner or operator shall provide an analysis of the impairment to visibility, soils, and vegetation that would occur as a result of the major source or major modification and general commercial, residential, industrial and other growth associated with the major source or major modification. The owner or operator need not provide an analysis of the impact on vegetation having no significant commercial or recreational value.
NR 405.13(2) (2) The owner or operator shall provide an analysis of the air quality impact projected for the area as a result of general, commercial, residential, industrial and other growth associated with the major source or major modification.
NR 405.13 History History: Cr. Register, January, 1987, No. 373, eff. 2-1-87.
NR 405.14 NR 405.14 Sources impacting federal Class I areas — additional requirements.
NR 405.14(1) (1) Notice to epa. The department shall transmit to the administrator a copy of each permit application relating to a major stationary source or major modification and provide notice to the administrator of every action related to the consideration of such permit.
NR 405.14(2) (2) Federal land manager. The federal land manager and the federal official charged with direct responsibility for management of Class I lands have an affirmative responsibility to protect the air quality related values (including visibility) of any such lands and to consider, in consultation with the administrator, whether a proposed source or modification would have an adverse impact on such values.
NR 405.14(3) (3) Denial — impact on air quality related values. The department shall allow the federal land manager of any Class I lands the opportunity to present to the department after the department's preliminary determination required under procedures developed in accordance with s. NR 405.16, a demonstration that the emissions from the proposed major source or major modification would have an adverse impact on the air quality related values (including visibility) of any federal mandatory Class I lands, notwithstanding that the change in air quality resulting from emissions from such source or modification would not cause or contribute to concentrations which would exceed the maximum allowable increases for a Class I area. If the department concurs with such demonstration, the permit may not be issued.
NR 405.14(4) (4) Class I variances. The owner or operator of a proposed major source or major modification may demonstrate to the federal land manager that the emissions from the source would have no adverse impact on the air quality-related values, including visibility, of these lands, notwithstanding that the change in air quality resulting from emissions from the source or modification would cause or contribute to concentrations which would exceed the maximum allowable increases for a Class I area. If the federal land manager concurs with this demonstration and so certifies to the department, the department may, provided that applicable requirements of this chapter are otherwise met, issue the permit with such emission limitations as may be necessary to assure that emissions of particulate matter measured as PM10, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide would not exceed the following maximum allowable increases over minor source baseline concentration for these air contaminants. - See PDF for table
NR 405.14(5) (5) Sulfur dioxide variance by department with federal land manager's concurrence.
NR 405.14(5)(a)(a) The owner or operator of a proposed major source or major modification which cannot be approved under procedures developed pursuant to sub. (4) may demonstrate to the department that the source or modification cannot be constructed by reason of any maximum allowable increase for sulfur dioxide for periods of 24-hours or less applicable to any Class I area and, in the case of federal mandatory Class I areas, that a variance under this subsection would not adversely affect the air quality related values of the area (including visibility).
NR 405.14(5)(b) (b) The department, after consideration of the federal land manager's recommendation (if any) and subject to his or her concurrence, may grant, after notice and an opportunity for a public hearing, a variance from such maximum allowable increase.
NR 405.14(5)(c) (c) If such variance is granted, the department shall issue a permit to such major source or major modification in accordance with provisions developed pursuant to sub. (7), provided that the applicable requirements of this chapter are otherwise met.
NR 405.14(6) (6) Variance by the department with the concurrence of the president of the United States.
NR 405.14(6)(a)(a) The recommendations of the department and the federal land manager shall be transferred to the president in any case where the department recommends a variance in which the federal land manager does not concur.
NR 405.14(6)(b) (b) The president may approve the department's recommendation if he or she finds that such variance is in the national interest.
NR 405.14(6)(c) (c) If such a variance is approved, the department shall issue a permit in accordance with provisions developed pursuant to the requirements of sub. (7), provided that the applicable requirements of this chapter are otherwise met.
NR 405.14(7) (7) Emission limitations for presidential denial or departmental variance. In the case of a permit issued under procedures developed pursuant to sub. (5) or (6), the major source or major modification shall comply with emission limitations as may be necessary to assure that emissions of sulfur dioxide from the major source or major modification would not, during any day on which the otherwise applicable maximum allowable increases are exceeded, cause or contribute to concentrations which would exceed the following maximum allowable increases over the baseline concentration and to assure that such emissions would not cause or contribute to concentrations which exceed the otherwise applicable maximum allowable increase for periods of exposure of 24 hours or less for more than 18 days, not necessarily consecutive, during any annual period.
Maximum Allowable SO2 Increase
(mg/m3) - See PDF for table
NR 405.14 History History: Cr. Register, January, 1987, No. 373, eff. 2-1-87; am. (4) and (7), Register, May, 1992, No. 437, eff. 6-1-92; am. (4), Register, April, 1995, No. 472, eff. 5-1-95; am. (1), (2) and (4), Register, December, 1995, No. 480, eff. 1-1-96; am. (7), Register, December, 1996, No. 492, eff. 1-1-97.
NR 405.15 NR 405.15 Public participation.
NR 405.15(1) (1) The department shall notify all applicants within 20 days as to the completeness of the application or any deficiency in the application or information submitted. In the event of such a deficiency, the date of receipt of the application shall be the date on which the department received all required information.
NR 405.15(2) (2) Within 205 business days after receipt of a complete application, the department shall:
NR 405.15(2)(a) (a) Make a preliminary determination whether construction should be approved, approved with conditions, or disapproved.
NR 405.15(2)(b) (b) Make available in at least one location in each region in which the proposed source would be constructed a copy of all materials the applicant submitted, a copy of the preliminary determination, and a copy or summary of other materials, if any, considered in making the preliminary determination.
NR 405.15(2)(c) (c) Notify the public, by advertisement in a newspaper of general circulation in each region in which the proposed source would be constructed, of the application, the preliminary determination, the degree of increment consumption that is expected from the source or modification, and of the opportunity for comment at a public hearing, as well as written public comment.
NR 405.15(2)(d) (d) Send a copy of the notice of public comment to the applicant, the administrator and to officials and agencies having cognizance over the location where the proposed construction would occur as follows: any other state or local air pollution control agencies; the chief executives of the city and county where the source would be located; any comprehensive regional land use planning agency; and any state, federal land manager, or Indian governing body whose lands may be affected by emissions from the major source or major modification.
NR 405.15(2)(e) (e) Provide opportunity for a public hearing for interested persons to appear and submit written or oral comments on the air quality impact of the source, alternatives to it, the control technology required, and other appropriate considerations.
NR 405.15(2)(f) (f) Consider all written comments submitted within a time specified in the notice of public comment and all comments received at any public hearing in making a final decision on the approvability of the application. The department shall make all comments available for public inspection in the same locations where the department made available pre-construction information relating to the proposed major source or major modification.
NR 405.15(2)(g) (g) Make a final determination whether construction should be approved, approved with conditions, or disapproved.
NR 405.15(2)(h) (h) Notify the applicant in writing of the final determination and make such notification available for public inspection at the same location where the department made available pre-construction information and public comments relating to the source.
NR 405.15 Note Note: The requirement that a final permit determination be accomplished within one year of receipt of a permit application in the federal regulations has been changed to within 205 business days of receipt of application in this subsection.
NR 405.15 History History: Cr. Register, January, 1987, No. 373, eff. 2-1-87; am. (2) (d), Register, December, 1995, No. 480, eff. 1-1-96; am. (2) (intro), Register, August, 2000, No. 536, eff. 9-1-00.
NR 405.16 NR 405.16 Source obligation.
NR 405.16(1) (1) Approval to construct does not relieve any owner or operator of the responsibility to comply fully with applicable provisions of the chs. NR 400 to 499 and any other requirements under local, state or federal law.
NR 405.16(2) (2) At such time that a particular source or modification becomes a major stationary source or major modification solely by virtue of a relaxation in any enforceable limitation which was established after August 7, 1980, on the capacity of the source or modification otherwise to emit an air contaminant such as a restriction on hours of operation, then the requirements of ss. NR 405.08 to 405.17 shall apply to the source or modification as though construction had not yet commenced on the major source or major modification.
NR 405.16(3) (3) For a project involving existing emissions units at a major stationary source which does not have a PAL, in circumstances where the calculated difference between projected actual emissions using the method specified in s. NR 405.02 (25f) (b) 1. to 2., and baseline actual emissions does not exceed the level that is considered significant for the air contaminant, the owner or operator shall do the following as applicable:
NR 405.16(3)(a) (a) Before beginning actual construction of the project, document and maintain a record of all of the following:
NR 405.16(3)(a)1. 1. A description of the project.
NR 405.16(3)(a)2. 2. Identification of the emissions unit or units whose emissions of a regulated NSR air contaminant could be affected by the project.
NR 405.16(3)(a)3. 3. The calculation of the net emissions increase under s. NR 405.02 (24) (a) that was used to determine that the project is not a major modification for any regulated NSR air contaminant, including the baseline actual emissions, the projected actual emissions, the amount of emissions excluded under s. NR 405.02 (25f) (b) 2. and an explanation why the amount was excluded, and any netting calculations, if applicable.
NR 405.16(3)(b) (b) If the emissions unit is an existing electric utility steam generating unit, before beginning actual construction, provide a copy of the information in par. (a) to the department. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to require the owner or operator of the unit to obtain any determination from the department before beginning actual construction.
NR 405.16(3)(c) (c) If the owner or operator excludes emissions from the calculation of projected actual emissions under s. NR 405.02 (25f) (b) 2. and the difference between projected actual emissions and baseline actual emissions exceeds the level that is considered to be significant for the air contaminant prior to the exclusion of emissions from the calculation of projected actual emissions under s. NR 405.02 (25f) (b) 2., before beginning actual construction, provide a copy of the information in par. (a) to the department. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to require the owner or operator of the unit to obtain any determination from the department before beginning actual construction.
NR 405.16(3)(d) (d) Monitor the emissions of any regulated NSR air contaminant that could increase as a result of the project and that is emitted by any emissions unit identified in par. (a) 2. and calculate and maintain a record of the annual emissions, in tons per year on a calendar year basis, for a period of 5 years following resumption of regular operations after the change, or for a period of 10 years following resumption of regular operations after the change if the project increases the design capacity or potential to emit of that regulated NSR air contaminant at the emissions unit.
NR 405.16(3)(e) (e) If the unit is an existing electric utility steam generating unit, submit a report to the department within 60 days after the end of each year during which records must be generated under par. (d) setting out the unit's annual emissions during the calendar year that preceded submission of the report.
NR 405.16(3)(f) (f) If the unit is an existing unit other than an electric utility steam generating unit, submit a report to the department if the annual emissions, in tons per year, from the project identified in par. (a), exceed the baseline actual emissions, as documented and maintained pursuant to par. (d) by a significant amount, as defined in s. NR 405.02 (27), for that regulated NSR air contaminant, and if the emissions differ from the preconstruction projection that was provided to the department pursuant to par. (c). The report shall be submitted to the department within 60 days after the end of the year. The report shall contain all of the following:
NR 405.16(3)(f)1. 1. The name, address and telephone number of the major stationary source.
NR 405.16(3)(f)2. 2. The annual emissions as calculated pursuant to par. (a) 3.
NR 405.16(3)(f)3. 3. Any other information that the owner or operator wishes to include in the report, e.g., an explanation as to why the emissions differ from the preconstruction projection.
NR 405.16(4) (4) The owner or operator of the source shall make the information required to be documented and maintained pursuant to sub. (3) available for inspection, upon request by the department or the general public.
NR 405.16 History History: Cr. Register, January, 1987, No. 373, eff. 2-1-87; CR 03-118: cr. (3) and (4), Register June 2007 No. 618, eff. 7-1-07.
NR 405.17 NR 405.17 Innovative control technology.
NR 405.17(1) (1) An owner or operator of a proposed major stationary source or major modification may request the department to approve a system of innovative control technology.
NR 405.17(2) (2) The department may, with the consent of the governor of any other affected state, determine that the major source or major modification may employ a system of innovative control technology if all of the following conditions are met:
NR 405.17(2)(a) (a) The proposed control system would not cause or contribute to an unreasonable risk to public health, welfare, or safety in its operation or function.
NR 405.17(2)(b) (b) The owner or operator agrees to achieve a level of continuous emissions reduction equivalent to that which would have been required under s. NR 405.08 (2) no later than 3 years from the time of start-up or 6 years from the date of permit issuance.
NR 405.17(2)(c) (c) The source or modification would meet the requirements equivalent to those in ss. NR 405.08 and 405.09 based on the emissions rate that the stationary source employing the system of innovative control technology would be required to meet on the date specified in par. (b).
NR 405.17(2)(d) (d) The major source or major modification would not before the date specified do any of the following:
NR 405.17(2)(d)1. 1. Cause or contribute to any violation of an applicable national ambient air quality standard.
NR 405.17(2)(d)2. 2. Impact any Class I area.
NR 405.17(2)(d)3. 3. Impact any area where an applicable increment is known to be violated.
NR 405.17(2)(e) (e) All other applicable requirements including those for public participation have been met.
NR 405.17(3) (3) The department shall withdraw any approval to employ a system of innovative control technology made under this section, if any of the following occurs:
NR 405.17(3)(a) (a) The proposed system fails by the specified date in sub. (2) (b) to achieve the required continuous emissions reduction rate.
NR 405.17(3)(b) (b) The proposed system fails before the specified date in sub. (2) (b) so as to contribute to an unreasonable risk to public health, welfare, or safety.
NR 405.17(3)(c) (c) The department decides at any time that the proposed system is unlikely to achieve the required level of control or to protect the public health, welfare or safety.
NR 405.17(4) (4) If a major source or major modification fails to meet the required level of continuous emissions reduction within the specified time period, or if the approval is withdrawn in accordance with sub. (3), the department may allow the source of modification up to an additional 3 years to meet the requirement for the application of best available control technology through use of a demonstrated system of control.
NR 405.17 Note Note: The deadline for achieving the required continuous emissions reduction through innovative control technology in the federal regulations (not later than 4 years from the time of startup or 7 years from permit issuance) has been changed to no later than 3 years from time of startup or 6 years from the date of permit issuance in sub. (2) (b).
NR 405.17 History History: Cr. Register, January, 1987, No. 373, eff. 2-1-87; am. (2) (intro.), (d) (intro.), (3) (intro.), Register, December, 1996, No. 492, eff. 1-1-97.
NR 405.18 NR 405.18 Plant-wide applicability limitations (PALs).
NR 405.18(1)(1) Applicability.
NR 405.18(1)(a)(a) This section applies to any existing major stationary source which wishes to operate under a PAL. The department may approve the use of a PAL for any existing major stationary source if the source and its application for a PAL meets all of the requirements in this section.
NR 405.18(1)(b) (b) Any physical change in or change in the method of operation of a major stationary source that maintains its total source-wide emissions below the PAL level, meets the requirements in this section and complies with the PAL permit:
NR 405.18(1)(b)1. 1. Is not a major modification for the PAL regulated air contaminant.
NR 405.18(1)(b)2. 2. Does not have to be approved under this chapter.
NR 405.18(1)(b)3. 3. Is not subject to the provisions in s. NR 405.16 (2).
NR 405.18(1)(c) (c) Except as provided under par. (b) 3., a major stationary source shall continue to comply with all applicable federal or state requirements, emission limitations and work practice requirements that were established prior to the effective date of the PAL.
NR 405.18(2) (2) Definitions. The following definitions apply to terms used in this subsection for the purpose of developing and implementing PALs consistent with this section.
NR 405.18(2)(a) (a) "Allowable emissions" has the meaning given in s. NR 405.02 (2), except as this definition is modified according to both of the following:
NR 405.18(2)(a)1. 1. The allowable emissions for any emissions unit shall be calculated considering any emission limitations that are enforceable as a practical matter on the emissions unit's potential to emit.
/code/admin_code/nr/400/405 true administrativecode /code/admin_code/nr/400/405/15 Department of Natural Resources (NR) Chs. NR 400-499; Environmental Protection – Air Pollution Control administrativecode/NR 405.15 administrativecode/NR 405.15 section true


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Read about the health impacts of gas stoves and the benefits of electrification.Learn More »
How the New Climate Bill Promises to Cut Inflation, Upgrade the Economy, and Slash Emissions
The Inflation Reduction Act is poised to re-energize the US economy, our industries, vehicles, and homes. In this roundup, RMI unpacks the details of this landmark climate legislation.
by RMI Staff
For the United States, the Inflation Reduction Act offers an unprecedented opportunity to lower energy costs, increase investment in clean energy economic opportunities, and stimulate jobs and economic growth. For the world, the US move will likely lead other nations to cut emissions faster. In this roundup, RMI experts tease out the legislation's key implications.
The US move will likely lead other nations to cut emissions faster.
Committing $369 billion to energy and climate, the act targets renewable electricity, clean transportation, efficient buildings, and supply chain infrastructure, investing in sectors that are supply-constrained today so they won't be tomorrow.
These fragile global supply chains were a primary driver of post-COVID inflation. By securing more robust, reliable, and efficient supply chains for clean energy — such as for electric vehicle (EV) batteries, critical mineral refining, and components for solar and wind energy systems — the act should not only lower costs, but also spur hiring, and bring manufacturing back to the United States.
Over time, these investments promise to boost US innovation and stimulate regional economic growth, from car manufacturing in the Midwest to solar production in the Sun Belt. The broad investment should improve overall US economic competitiveness: By accelerating a clean energy industrial revolution, the bill can permanently lower costs for US households and businesses.
Below we discuss the bill's potential impacts on buildings, electricity, transportation, hard-to-abate sectors, and more. With reconciliation and passage anticipated in early August, the final details of the act may yet shift. This page will be updated to reflect those changes.
For press queries, please contact media@rmi.org.
Cars and Trucks — Subsidizing EVs, Boosting Batteries, Stimulating Manufacturing
The act would both stimulate supply and demand for electric vehicles, making it more affordable to both build and purchase EVs. On the supply side, it provides billions of dollars to support domestic sourcing, refining, and recycling of critical minerals as well as domestic battery and component manufacturing and assembly.
On the demand side, it extends the tax credit for the purchase of a new vehicle, and lifts the manufacturer production cap, which would have prevented the cars made by the four largest EV companies to be eligible for the credit over the next year. The credit would also be able to be transferred to a dealer, making it much easier for low- and middle-income buyers to take advantage of it, and the bill even includes tax credits for previously owned clean vehicles. The $40,000 tax credit for vehicles over 14,000 pounds will help turbocharge zero-emissions truck adoption and can make buying an electric truck cheaper than comparable diesel trucks.
A further $1 billion in the bill supports clean heavy-duty vehicles — including electric school buses, transit buses, and garbage trucks. Approximately $400 million of these funds are dedicated to high pollution communities to ensure the clean vehicle transition improves the health and transportation options for historically low-income, disadvantaged, and minority communities.
Buildings — Funding Home Upgrades, Lifting Low-Income Neighborhoods
If passed, the act will make it cheaper to upgrade our homes and businesses while providing healthier indoor air quality and reducing climate pollution. The act introduces a much-needed suite of rebates and incentives to ensure new and existing buildings are highly efficient, resilient, safe, and comfortable in the face of high energy prices, a deteriorating building stock, a housing crisis, and extreme weather caused by climate change.
Most importantly, the bill prioritizes housing improvements for low- and moderate-income families who experience disproportionately high energy burden and harmful health effects from fossil fuel pollution, including language RMI helped shape in retrofitting low-income housing.
The residential tax credits — which can be used for heat pumps, electric water heaters, energy audits, electrical upgrades, and better insulation — could save 103 million households $37 billion a year on energy bills. There are also tax credits for commercial buildings and multifamily homes. Billions of dollars are also being put toward rebates for whole-house energy retrofits and electrification projects. And there is even a grant and loan program for water efficiency and climate resilience projects for affordable housing.
We're on the precipice of historic progress for the US climate action movement.
David Smedick, RMI senior associate working on federal building policy
With these tax credits and rebates, the US can upgrade its building stock to shield households against energy cost inflation, improve living conditions, and tackle one of the country's largest sources of climate pollution.
"We're on the precipice of historic progress for the US climate action movement," said David Smedick, RMI senior associate working on federal building policy. "With tens of billions of dollars invested into decarbonizing our building stock, the US people would benefit with lower energy bills, more jobs, and less pollution."
Cities — Localizing Clean Energy and Storage, Urban Trees
In addition to maintaining critical subsidies for large-scale wind and solar projects, the act provides new subsidies for local clean energy projects such as low-income solar, brightfields — solar projects installed on contaminated land and closed landfills — and standalone storage systems. These local investments will not only provide critical grid services and cost savings but also infuse the economic and health benefits of these investments into the communities that most need them.
It also includes programs like the Neighborhood Access and Equity Grant Program and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund that will be instrumental to redirecting public and private dollars toward places that need climate investment the most: frontline communities living in multifamily housing in metro, rural, and tribal areas.
And to get local governments the resources they need to maximize nature's benefits in cities, the bill includes the largest-ever injection of funds ($1.5 billion) into urban and community forestry. The Urban and Community Forestry Assistance Program will help cities tackle inequity, mitigate extreme urban heat, reduce pollution, increase resilience, and save energy and carbon.
Aviation — Scaling Low-Carbon Jet Fuel
This bill would increase the availability and affordability of Made-in-the-USA sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), a crucial low carbon fuel that is usable in today's aircraft and can reduce the lifecycle emissions of flight by up to 80 percent. Production tax credits in the bill would greatly reduce the cost of commercially available SAF — made from sustainable feedstocks like used cooking oil, crop residues and municipal solid waste — making air travel more sustainable for Americans without increasing costs to consumers.
In the next five years, SAF capacity is expected to grow 15 times and exceed 500 million gallons per year. By 2027, the proposed credits would increase US SAF production creating jobs across multiple sectors and could save producers a minimum of $1.3 billion.
Hydrogen — Developing a Cleaner Fuel to Power Industry
The bill's hydrogen production tax credit would compensate producers of hydrogen made with renewable electricity — known as 'green hydrogen' — with $3 for each kilogram of zero-carbon fuel they can supply. This will lower green hydrogen costs to rates competitive with traditional fossil fuels. Energy-intensive industrial and heavy transport sectors will rapidly transition to green hydrogen use as it becomes the quickest and most predictable way to save on energy costs and benefit from green premiums.
Shifting to green hydrogen promises to decarbonize major industrial sources of carbon — by taking the natural gas out of fertilizer production, the coking coal out of steel production, and the bunker fuel out of shipping. Moving these crucial US sectors away from fossil fuels also promises sustained relief from their price volatility and recent inflationary price spikes.
Shifting to green hydrogen promises to decarbonize major industrial sources of carbon
The bill can help US industry lead the way forward on decarbonization in hard-to-abate sectors and demonstrate to other countries how to reduce their industrial and transport emissions, all while boosting economic growth and stabilizing inflation.
Cement, Steel, Aluminum, and Chemicals — Maturing Low-Carbon Production
Hydrogen, carbon capture, and cheap clean electricity are the building blocks required to decarbonize the production of essential commodities like steel, cement, aluminum, and chemicals. The bill provides tax credits to close the cost gap now facing pathways necessary decarbonize these essential industries. Increased funds for technologies that cut industrial emissions — by $5.8 billion — provide another crucial incentive.
These provisions will allow for greater private sector investments in these sectors as well as support existing public procurement efforts to "buy clean" and "buy green" at federal, state, and local levels by driving greater transparency and adoption. The legislation includes funding to expand government procurement of low-carbon products, along with funding for Environmental Product Declarations to track emissions from building materials.
For example, a production tax credit will make green hydrogen-based steelmaking competitive with today's coal- and gas-based processes. This will enable a faster transition away from carbon-intensive steelmaking, while maintaining jobs and reducing pollution risk in industrial communities. It will position the United States to reduce its reliance on steel imports and potentially become a net exporter of green steel.
If passed, this bill will allow the United States to lead the world in green industrial revitalization. Businesses today will get a shot-in-the-arm with credits for clean energy and tech investments. Businesses tomorrow will benefit from the low-cost, low-carbon supply chain that will develop around these incentives.
Jobs — Transitioning Fossil Fuel Communities with Support for New Industries
The clean energy tax credits for the power sector in the bill are even larger when using domestically manufactured products, providing prevailing wages for workers, or when clean energy infrastructure is built in former fossil energy communities — places with historically high employment in coal, gas, and oil industries. This will ensure that the clean energy transition strengthens domestic supply chains and does not leave communities behind.
The bill also permanently extends funding for the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund — securing health benefits for former coal miners with black lung, a condition where intense exposure to coal dust causes scarring in the lungs, often impairing ability to breathe. The bill also offers loans and other financing for communities facing job losses from the shift to clean energy, boosting revitalization opportunities and increasing the opportunity for good-paying jobs.
These supports would drive reinvestments into communities facing coal plant and mine closures
These supports would drive reinvestments into communities facing coal plant and mine closures, such as communities throughout Appalachia, which a recent RMI report identifies as essential to energy community recovery and revitalization.
Electricity — Extending Credits for Solar, Wind, and Storage
The bill will advance clean energy while lowering costs to consumers by encouraging cheaper forms of energy and diverting demand away from fossil fuels. The extension and expansion of tax credits for clean electricity provides tax credits for renewable energy like solar, wind, and battery storage, as well as other zero-carbon resources, for 10 years, which will only start to scale down once the United States has begun meeting its emissions targets.
These tax credits will make clean energy cheaper, encouraging electricity providers to more quickly transition away from the fossil fuels that have been largely driving today's inflationary environment. Furthermore, these tax credits will be "direct pay" for municipal utilities and rural electric cooperatives, and allow for transferability for other electricity providers, reducing transaction costs and allowing more savings to be passed onto consumers.
These tax credits will make clean energy cheaper, encouraging electricity providers to more quickly transition away from the fossil fuels
Previous RMI analysis found that these tax credits could reduce electricity bills nationwide by $5 billion a year by 2024. The Inflation Reduction Act has other critical provisions not previously modeled, like additional support to support renewable energy for rural cooperatives and refinancing programs that will yield even more savings.
Oil & Gas — Cutting Methane Leakage with Carrots and Sticks
The methane emissions reduction program in the bill will boost the oil and gas industry's incentive to scale up emissions measurement and cut methane emissions across the value chain. It would impose a methane fee on facilities that exceed a certain amount of emissions per year.
Especially in the current price environment, most methane abatement measures can be done at no net cost — or even at a net benefit — giving companies to whom the fee applies a clear reason to take action before 2024. This program can be a great complement to a robust EPA oil and gas methane rule and state-level policies that more fully internalize the costs — and accelerate the dramatic reduction — of methane emissions.
Carbon Dioxide Removal — Boosting Incentives to Develop Nascent Technology
The bill increases the current tax credit for direct air capture (DAC) — capturing carbon directly from the atmosphere. The proposed increase of up to $180/tCO2 for qualifying DAC projects is unprecedented globally and could represent a 30 to 50 percent subsidy for DAC projects.
This approach is like the solar PV subsidies deployed by the United States in the late 2000s, which kickstarted the market for solar PV in the country. The increased credits for DAC in the bill could have a similar effect today and jump start a new market in earnest.
RMI Experts on the Bill
Renewable 'Green' Hydrogen Gets a Lift in Senate's Climate Bill
Climate experts experience an odd sensation after the Manchin budget deal: optimism
Senate deal could be most significant climate bill yet
Canary Media
Clean energy would get big boost from new climate bill. Just how big?
How the climate bill could save you money and change what you buy
Cryptocurrency's Energy Consumption Problem
What Happens When Utilities Start to Integrate the IRA into Planning?
Siana and Zsaria: Speeding the Caribbean's Energy Transition
There's Never Been a Better Time to Electrify Your Fleet
A Utility Investment Plan Is Like a Camel
BRC: Business Renewables Center
Building Electrification
Climate Aligned Industries
Climate Alignment
Climate-Aligned Finance
Community-Scale Solar
Corporate Renewables
Distributed Grid Infrastructure
e-Lab: Electricity Innovation Lab
Energy Inputs
Energy Web Foundation
Global Energy Transitions
Net-Zero Energy
Oil and Gas Solutions
Strategic Analysis and Engagement
Supply Chain Emissions
Third Derivative
US Policy
Works by Amory Lovins


The published program certainly suggests I'll not be disappointed. I'm particularly looking forward to presentations by Lorna Hardwick and Miriam Leonard; their work has come up quite a lot in my thesis research, and it'll be good to finally encounter them in person. Charles Martindale is another scholar who's appeared repeatedly in my research, but that hasn't always been to my advantage. I don't think it's misrepresenting Professor Martindale to say that he dislikes the mixing of popular culture and classics (an opinion most recently expressed in a piece for the Classical Receptions Journal), and I've little doubt my thesis topic would horrify him. Still, he's a giant in this field, he'll be delivering the closing remarks of the conference, and I'm curious to hear what he has to say.
Our research is intended to contribute to a shift in public perceptions about the class connotations of ancient Greek and Roman antiquity, emphasising its status as an inherited cultural property to which everyone has right of access.
I can't adequately express just how much this resonates with my own thinking. Very sadly, the notion that the world of antiquity is suitable only for tweedy, stuffy old white men is still fairly widespread, and it's an attitude I find repellant. The classical world is for everyone. It's not the exclusive province of academics, and as the self-appointed guardians of this material, we have a moral obligation to make it accessible to whosoever shows an interest in it. Admittedly, this is a rather strident position for an unknown and unaccomplished MA student to take, but that doesn't make it any less true, and I'm glad that these far more erudite and influential individuals (among others) are fighting the good fight.
Still, despite my excitement, I'll admit I'm also a little concerned. I've no idea how many other postgraduates will be in attendance, but I get the impression that many of my colleagues will be up at the Annual Meeting of Postgraduates in Ancient Literature at St. Andrews. That was the other option for how to spend my weekend, and I hope I wasn't wrong in choosing to go to the Netherlands instead. Still, if I end up the youngest person in the room, it at least won't be the first time – the Antikythera Evening comes to mind (though that's a story best related over a friendly drink).
The conference's lack of social media presence is also slightly worrying. There's no official Twitter account or hashtag, and though I've suggested #FCRS13, it's entirely possible I'll be the only person using it. This will likely affect how I'll be tweeting from the conference: though I'll share my usual random anecdotes between sessions, I'll probably blog about the day's papers in the evening rather than live-tweeting them as they're actually presented. It's a question of etiquette, and there's a world of difference between being one of several people in a session who's clicking away on a phone or laptop or tablet, and being the only person in the room with their iPhone out. The former is (hopefully) becoming more commonplace, but the latter can easily leave the impression that one just isn't paying attention, and I'd rather avoid getting tarred with that brush.
Still, things will all work out one way or another, and worrying won't do any good. I'm fairly sure it's going to be a good time in Nijmegen, and since I decided to fly home late in the evening of the 9th, I'll have a few hours to explore Amsterdam, too. I'm open to suggestions of places I should visit, though after this tweet it looks like I have no choice but to at least drop by the Van Gogh museum. I'm quite okay with that.
Now, back to the packing I must go. More updates tomorrow.
Safe travels and I hope this trip is fun and productive for you.


You are welcome to visit the Academy at any time - just get in touch with us.
There are also regular Open events - keep an eye on this site for the next one.
The Academy has a Community Zone car park with a bus and drop off zone for parents and visitors.
If visiting the Academy please use the Community Zone car park and follow the signs to the entrance.
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China's No 2 pledges smaller govt, 'new type of relationship' with US
New Chinese Premier Li Keqiang gestures as he answers a question during his first press conference after the closing session of the National People's Congress (NPC) at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on March 17, 2013. (AFP Photo/Mark Ralston) © AFP
New Chinese Premier Li Keqiang has pledged to cut red tape and forge "a new type of relationship" with the US. He spoke after the country's legislature approved his new cabinet, completing a once-a-decade transition of power.
"Our government will work with the Obama administration to build a new type of relationship between great countries," Li, who holds the second-highest position of power in China after Communist Party chief Xi Jinping, told reporters on Sunday as he detailed the new government's plans.
He also condemned confrontation, particularly in cyberspace. The US and China are currently engaged in a war of words over alleged hacking attacks against their respective national interests. "I think we should not make groundless accusations against each other, and spend more time doing practical things that will contribute to cyber-security," the premiere said.
Globally, China does not seek to replace the US as a hegemon, and wants to forge an environment of lasting peace and prosperity, Li said.
Steve Tsang, director of the China Policy Institute at the University of Nottingham, believes the words of the new premiere should be taken with a grain of salt, as the ties between Beijing and Washington are unlikely to undergo any profound shifts.
"The relationship between China and the United States is probably the single most important relationship in the world today. They are friends and yet they are competitors. That is not going to change as a result of a change of leadership in China or in Washington," he told RT.
On the domestic front Premier Li argued that China must let the market and the civil society replace officials in areas where they are more efficient. He plans to focus on liberalizing the services sector, interest rates and the exchange rate.
Slashing red tape is also a top priority, Li said. Currently, administrative approval is needed for some 1,700 items – a number that will be slashed by at least one-third, both boosting efficiency and eliminating corruption, Li promised.
"The reform is about curbing government power. As a self-imposed revolution, it will require real sacrifice and will be painful," Xinhua quoted him as saying.
He also revealed that government revenues have dropped considerably, and that the cabinet will address the shortage by cutting spending on government offices, overseas trips, hospitality, junkets and government vehicles, as well as a freeze on new positions in the bureaucracy.
"We need to build a clean government and make our government more credible," Li said. "The important thing is action. Talking the talk is not as good as walking the walk."
The new premiere spoke just after the Chinese National People's Congress approved his new cabinet. The reshuffle saw two of the 27 ministerial positions eliminated, including the head of the now-defunct Ministry of Railways.
Of the 25 cabinet members, 15 served in the previous administration, which is likely to underline a continuity of policies after the transition. Four of those ministers were born in 1949, making them one year away from turning 65 – the mandatory retirement age for ministers.
There are four women in the new cabinet, including Liu Yandong, who holds one of the four vice-premiere positions. Women will be heading the ministries of justice, national healthcare and family planning.
China's foreign affairs will be managed by Wang Yi, a former ambassador to Japan who is also experienced in relations with Taiwan and North Korea, two of the more tricky fields in Chinese diplomacy.
Experienced international negotiator Gao Hucheng became China's new commerce minister. Lou Jiwei, chairman of sovereign wealth fund, who is well-known in international circles, is now finance minister. Central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan retained his position as expected.


text:
Q: python while loop printing each line user_input = input("Please enter a number: ") user_input =
int(user_input) total = 0
i = 1
while i<=user_input:
    total += i
    i += 1
    print(total)

Output is:
Please enter a number: 5
1
3
6
10
15

But I want it to print only the last value. Kindly help out.

A: You can try to call the print function from outside the loop and by that you will get one print
user_input = int(input("Please enter a number: "))
total = 0
i = 1
while i<=user_input:
    total += i
    i += 1
print(total)

A: If you want to print only the last value, you need to get the print function out of the loop
i = 1
total = 0

while i<=user_input:
   total += i
   i += 1

print(total)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Looking for a photographic destination of a lifetime? Uganda, otherwise known as the "Pearl of Africa" is one you will want to cross off your bucket list.
Most tours are not specifically designed for photographers and on regular Africa tours you don't get to learn about photography or cameras.
Our photo-tour to Uganda, will immerse you in the full photography experience.
Are you a semi-professional or even an amateur photographer looking to take your craft to the next level? Perhaps you're a novice who's never picked up a camera before but would like to learn how?
Imagine being immersed in learning amazing photography skills, against the backdrop of an African Safari or hiking in the rainforest as you come upon Gorilla's and Chimpanzees; every activity and excursion will give you amazing photographs to share with your friends and family.
Regardless of your photographic experience, we welcome photographers of ALL levels – no inquiry is too basic, no question is off limits. Martin, our professional photographer and trainer loves to teach; the more questions you come with the more fun and engaging the experience will be.
Your non-photographer spouses / companions will also love our tours; Yes, this tour is focused on learning about photography, but there are so many activities lined up that even if they are not photographers or into photography, they will still enjoy it immensely.
We are BIG on photographing in the field – plus, we review images and discuss techniques every day so you can keep improving your skills as we move from location to location.
Day photography, night photography, action photography, landscape and nature photography – you will gain tips in every type of photography that you will use in the field and also when you get back home.
Think of the photos you will share and the stories you will tell with your friends and family back home.
Regardless of your photography experience you will be embraced into our small intimate group, while getting hands-on training and professional feedback on the spot, while shooting at various locales on our trip.
This is your photo-adventure of a lifetime!
Visit the breathtaking equator that divides the earth and perform the water experiment, which shows that water swirls in opposite directions in the southern and northern hemispheres at the equator line. In the south it flows anticlockwise while in the north it moves clockwise. So cool.
The Kazinga Channel connects the two biggest lakes in the area – Lake Gorge in the east and Lake Edward in the west. And from the boat, you can see the shores of the channel which draws a large number of wild animals like hippos and Nile crocodiles as well as many incredible birds you will only see in Uganda.
You will first visit Murchison Falls, the largest of all the game drives in Uganda, where you will not only see the Big 5 animals in Africa, but you will hike above the famous Murchison Falls. You will be able to hike to the top and bottom of the falls and hear the thundering roar, which rivals the neighboring Lions. You will also see the various wildlife in Queen Elizabeth National Park and trek the Chimps in Kibale Natoinal Park, hearing the deafening screeches and cries as they call to each other high in the canopy of trees.
Get your shoes ready to explore Uganda's "Impenetrable" forest – the Bwindi National Park. Bwindi offers a truly dramatic landscape - from volcanoes to lakes, waterfalls, jagged valleys, and mountain ranges. The gorillas of Bwindi are completely wild but have become used to seeing humans after years of habituation.
Because we know that not everyone will partake in the trek, you will have a less strenuous activity – either way, it's going to be full of photo opportunities!
Lying within the Rwenzori Mountain Region, the Semuliki Springs have a male hot spring and female hot spring that is steeped in local legend. Locals and visitors alike can walk around the hot springs and boil food for eating. Prior to arrival, you will walk through the forest floor, while searching monkey's, such as the Red-tailed monkey, the rare Bearded Monkey and the White Colobus Monkey.
Lying near Fort Portal, in the western region of the Rwenzori Mountains, lies Amabere Ganyinamwiru, steeped in legend. Rocks with breast-like structures, waterfalls and open caves make this a site not to be missed.
We will meet the Bakonzo Tribe, living in the foothills of the Rwenzori Mountains. You will get to see how the local people live and will also get a private reception with the Ruboni Dance Troupe, where they will sing and dance for you.
Join Us as we train 15 local girls in photography. A major part of this tour is to train girls in the art of photography – these are girls that are training to be journalists and the camera's they receive give them the gift of seeing their world in a new way;, which will allow them earn an income to support themselves and their families. Come learn and teach at the same time – it'll an unforgettable experience!
In August 2018, we completed our first training of 14 girls. They were endeavoring to become journalists. We had a few that were still in school and some who had graduated and were either looking for work or already working, but not necessarily getting paid. Unlike, North America, you are not given the tools for your job. You must pay for what you need and if you don't have the money, you won't necessarily advance or even get hired.
By coming on our tour, not only do you get to improve your own photography with in-the-field training, but you also get to help change a girls' life!
Photography has been a life-long passion. Seeing what a camera and lens can produce has always inspired me – to learn, to improve and to better my craft.
I also believe that by giving back we make the world a better place. Using photography as my medium, I decided to start this company to not only travel and take amazing photographs but to also make a difference in the world.
I love to travel, see new things and meet new people but it wasn't enough. In 2007, I went to Uganda, my homeland to do a documentary about the South-East Asians that were coming back to claim their properties that had been lost when they were exiled by then madman and president, Idi Amin.
I knew that I had to do something to change the lives of the people I had met but I just did not know at the time what that thing was or how I would do it. When I got back into photography last year after many years away, the birth of the idea to train girls in photography was born. Over the year, I worked on the idea, found the 15 girls that would be my first students and found the partners on the ground to help me make this happen.
Our first photography training took place over two days in August 2018 and through this company and your participation, we will be able to change the lives of more girls hopefully with 2 trips a year. Read more about the experience on my blog and sign up if you too are interested in making a difference!
Triple F stands for Fun, F(ph)otography and F(Ph)ilanthropy – three things you will find on our tours.
Are you ready to come along on this life-changing adventure?
For me, photography is an art form to evoke an emotion when making and viewing an image. It's certainly not a unique concept but the enjoyment of making each picture actually captures my own feelings and stirs up those of the onlooker, now that is the very personal goal.
Having first picked up a 35mm SLR in high school, by university my archeological projects lead to many photo applications, from aerial stills in helicopters, to film making of thesis and project reports. The objective always included relating information in an arousing way. Even early on, in traveling from Algonquin to Arizona, from England to Crete and Baffin Island to Fort Good Hope, photography was more than a recording device but rather a way to capture the FEEL of the people and place.
This concept and goal continues to grow stronger within my commercial photography that now concentrates more on horses, from equestrian jump events to fillies in the field. My personal photo endeavors have the same direction but are for me!
Perhaps it has been this same drive to communicate through photography that has directed my growing passion to teach photography to others. In 1977 it started with composing and teaching retail courses in movie making: the Elmo mini-schools. Through the 80's as the Canon Tech rep it meant designing and conducting cross-Canada intros and training programs on new camera equipment. As of late the teaching of basic to more advance photography with 'Henry's School of Imaging', and for 'Board of Ed.' and local 'Parks&Rec.' adult education classes, plus private studio and site lessons all continue this theme.
I've been to Africa a few times and I can assure you that you are in for a treat for the senses.
Rwenzori Safaris is a private tour travel company based in Uganda that provides tourism holidays across the Country. Rwenzori Safaris is owned by indigenous people with experience in the hospitality and tourism industry. We always strive to ensure your holiday is a life-time memorable experience for our guests.
Rwenzori Safaris is a tour company that was founded by a Television journalist who committed his entire career on environmental, wildlife and tourism reporting. While practicing as a tourism reporter, he discovered that Uganda was a hub of tourism that is less known to the World and hence the genesis of Rwenzori Safaris.
Security of our guests takes center stage. Given the background of the founder, Rwenzori Safaris gives priority to safety of the clients and its staff ahead of every safari. We have strong contacts with the Uganda Wildlife Authority, who we closely work with to ensure safety of our client is guaranteed.


How Designated Training Room Space can Improve Your Work / Educational Environment.!
Innovation keeps on influencing our lives in shocking courses and to make always advances in our organizations and schools. With this technological convergence comes a critical expectation to absorb information, and office instructional meetings have turned out to be significant to continuous business success. All things considered, you have to give your training space something beyond a careless idea. Furnishing an assigned training room for your office or school can enable your representatives or students to draw in more completely, to better hold the training information, and to support their inspiration.
A conference room can fill in as a training space after all other options have been exhausted, yet an assigned training room offers a more streamlined approach that slices through superfluous diversions and obliges your particular training needs. An expert office organizer can help you intentionally outline your office or school training room with an eye for negligible compositional obstruction that encourages member associations and coordinated efforts and that upgrades show visibility. A thoroughly thought out training room enables your coaches to improve the learning knowledge and to limit the room's visual and sound diversions by controlling its lighting, presentations, and acoustics.
Why Designate an Training Room?
It gives a lot of room to finish your training objectives. A training room allows your moderators the room they require and allows your members adequate space to prepare for a situation that is intended for learning.
It enables you to gather and keep the important training gear and innovation in one helpful area.
It gives you a chance to form a training room that your employees/clients/students feel comfortable gathering, collaborating, and learning.
A very much planned and all around prepared assigned training room in your office or school can be a profitable expansion to your business. Training is the foundation of the work your representatives or students take part in, and assigning a training space for the reason can help make your interest in training considerably more valuable.


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Australian Youth Olympic Festivals
Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
The Pacific Games (formerly known as the South Pacific Games) is a multi-sport event, much like the Olympics. The Games were first held in Suva, Fiji in 1963. The aim of the Games is to promote and develop sport in the region, without any barrier of 'race, colour or politics'. It is held every four years and participation is exclusively from countries around the South Pacific.
As we countdown and build-up these are the Games the Australian Olympic Committee is preparing Australian Teams for.
The first modern Summer Games were held in Athens in 1896. Australia has competed at every Games since.
The first Youth Olympic Games was held in Singapore 2010 and each Games since has been a huge success. Following on from the Nanjing Summer Youth Games (2014) and the Winter Youth Games in Innsbruck (2012) and Lillehammer (2016), Buenos Aires 2018 will be next to host the world's best young athletes.
Australia has competed at all but four of the Winter Games since its inception at Chamonix in 1924 and Australian athletes have won medals at the past six Winter Games.
Cortina D' Ampezzo
As a legacy from the Sydney Olympic Games the Australian Olympic Committee organised and funded multi-sport Festivals for 13-19 year old aspiring Olympians. Many AYOF athletes have gone on to win Olympic medals.
AYOF
SYOF
Australia competed at its first Asian Winter Games in 2017 after being invited by the Olympic Council of Asia. While the Australian contingent wasn't able to win medals the event was be a stepping stone towards athletes pushing for selection for the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic Games.
Australia will compete at it's first Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games in 2017 in Ashgabat.
Games Countdowns
Olympic Games at a Glance
Australia has been represented at every Summer Olympic Games in the modern era since 1896, winning 483 medals.
Olympic Winter Games at a Glance
Australia has been represented at all but four Winter Games in the modern era since 1924, winning a total of 12 Olympic Winter medals.
Australian Team Trivia
Results and records from the best Australian athletes at every Games.
Rugby Union will return to the Olympic Games at Rio 2016 with a Sevens competition for men and women.


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Home / Nichols Brothers busy with tugs, ferries
Nichols Brothers busy with tugs, ferries
ByBruce Buls on	 October 22, 2012
Nichols Brothers Boat Builders on Washington's Whidbey Island is buzzing this fall as yard crews work on a pair of Z-drive tugs for Harley Marine Services and a pair of steel superstructures for two new auto ferries for Washington State Ferries.
Vigor Shipyards, Seattle, is the prime contractor for the new 144-car ferries, and Nichols is the superstructure subcontractor, as it was for three recently built, 64-car Kwa-di Tabil-class ferries.
The two ASD tugs for Seattle-based Harley are being built from the same Jensen Maritime Consultants design that was used to build five tugs for Baydelta Maritime, San Francisco, and one for Minette Bay Ship Docking, Prince Rupert, British Columbia. Of the five built for Baydelta, three are being leased, two by Crowley Maritime and one by Foss Maritime.
The new tugs will measure 100'×40′ with a draft of 17′. Power will be provided by pairs of Caterpillar 3516C main engines rated at 3,400 hp each. Rolls-Royce 255 azimuthing drives will provide the propulsion. Bollard pull will be about 94 tons. "These boats can really pull," said Matt Nichols, CEO of Nichols Brothers Boat Builders. "They've been nicknamed 'The Big Bad Boys.' "
Each tug will also be outfitted with two Cat C9 generators and electronics from Mackay Marine Electronics, a Northern Lights HVAC system, Markey winches forward for ship assist and aft for towing, and a Smith Berger tow pin. The first of the two tugs, the Robert Franco, is scheduled for delivery in the spring of 2013 followed by the Ahbra Franco in mid-summer 2013. Construction on the first tug began in May and the second in August.
Workboat Staff


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» Botany Photo of the Day » 2014 » August » Welwitschia mirabilis
Welwitschia mirabilis
Published by Daniel Mosquin on August 28, 2014
The second-last in the plants and biomes of South Africa series is featured today. Taisha writes:
Today, we take a slight detour from South Africa, as this species is not present in the country. Welwitschia is found only in the Namib Desert of Namibia. However, the Namib Desert slightly extends into South Africa where it forms the country's sole area of desert biome. The Namib Desert is one of the smallest and oldest deserts in the world. I chose Welwitschia as it has not been featured on Botany Photo of the Day before and it was not easy to find a plant species in the Botany Photo of the Day Flickr Pool to represent this biome. Still, this species is an interesting representative for the desert. Daniel contributed these photographs of Welwitschia mirabilis from Huntington Botanical Garden.
As implied above, the desert biome occurs in only a small part of northwestern South Africa, primarily the Springbokvlakte area of the Richtersveld. The altitude is between 600 and 1600 m, which results in a slightly cooler climate than other true deserts (though it remains more climatically extreme than the succulent Karoo and the Nama-Karoo biomes). Temperatures can be hot, up to 45°C. Similarly extreme, temperatures can drop over 20°C from day to night. Winter temperatures can be as low as -12°C. Fog from the nearby Atlantic Ocean accounts for much of the precipitation, although there is some variable summer rainfall (~10-80mm annually). True deserts are largely sandy with low organic material in their soils.
The vegetation within the desert biome is typically annual grasses and other plants. After a season with rarely abundant rains, short annual grasses may grow, whereas in most years the annual plants persist as seeds. Some perennials may survive, particularly in areas associated with local concentrations of water.
Welwitschia mirabilis is a monotypic species of the Welwitschiaceae under the plant Division Gnetophyta–a small group of seed plants that have intermediate characteristics between gymnosperms and angiosperms. The oldest specimens of Welwitschia in the Namib Desert are thought to be more than 1500 years old, and recent fossil evidence suggest that Welwitschia was present during the Cretaceous (~112 million years ago). Some photos of the plant in habitat are available via Wikimedia Commons: the biggest known plant and a couple plants in the landscape.
This dioecious (male and female individual plants; male and female cones are shown above) evergreen species has a woody unbranched stem that is shaped like an inverted cone. The stem is surrounded by a bi-lobed crown of green photosynthetic tissue. There are only two opposite, persistent, ribbon-like leaves that grow continuously from a basal meristem and die off at their tips over time. Unique among all extant plant species, after the first two leaves form, the terminal bud dies and the apical meristematic activity is transferred to the periphery and base of the leaves. In other words, it has ever-growing persistent leaves, with the leaf ends being the oldest part of the leaf.
4 responses to "Welwitschia mirabilis"
Eric Hunt August 28, 2014 at 2:45 pm Permalink | Reply
BTW, this entry completes the survey of all genera in the plant division Gnetophyta on Botany Photo of the Day.
The three genera in the Gnetophyta are: Gnetum, Welwitschia, and Ephedra
Gnetum was featured on August 1 of this year:
http://botanyphoto.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/2014/08/gnetum-gnemon.php
Ephedra has been featured three times:
http://botanyphoto.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/2011/07/ephedra-viridis.php
http://botanyphoto.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/2007/11/ephedra_chilensis_1.php
http://botanyphoto.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/2007/06/ephedra_frustillata.php
Rita Squire August 28, 2014 at 5:12 pm Permalink | Reply
I and probably lots off other people could send you a photograph from Namibia ! The plant is not so lush there as this one !
I note the huge pot, it still obviously has huge roots for storage.
Fred Bess August 28, 2014 at 6:07 pm Permalink | Reply
Thank you! By far my favorite plant on the planet. The weirder the better!
Duke Benadom August 28, 2014 at 6:31 pm Permalink | Reply
The statement, "Welwitschia is found only in the Namib Desert of Namibia" is not really accurate. When this taxon was originally described, it was thought to occur only on the Welwitschia Plain of Namibia, and the other species of Welwitchia (long ago) was described as Welwitschia bainesii, which occurred in Angola. Subsequently, the latter was subsumed into the former, thus making the taxon in question endemic to Namibia and to Angola, with a wide margin of space between the populations.
Bauhinia galpinii
Themeda triandra


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SPIMACO to move ops to Riyadh administrative tower by Q1 2019
Saudi Pharmaceutical Industries & Medical Appliances Corp. (SPIMACO) will move to its administrative tower in Riyadh by Q1 2019, the company said in a statement in Tadawul.
This announcement came after the company completed the construction, electrical as well as the mechanical works in the tower project.
SPIMACO is currently testing the tower's cooling system, the statement added.
Other cladding works will be complete by year-end and the relevant financial impact will be revealed later.
In February 2014, SPIMACO's board of directors approved building the administrative tower in the Saudi capital at a total value of SAR 100 million, Argaam reported.
SPIMACO
Administrative Tower