According to research by the University of Massachusetts, charities and higher education have a higher adoption rate for blogs than any other category. And that makes sense because blogs are a cost-effective way to tell stories and build a consistent emotional connection with constituents.
But how are nonprofits using blogs to generate planned gifts? Are they using them at all?
Let me know if I'm wrong about this, but I think it's safe to say that we are the first firm to develop a new blog for a non-profit with a serious strategy for planned giving lead generation and cultivation. You can see it here.
First it is important to note that, although the blog has a heavy planned giving tilt, it wasn't created solely to generate planned giving leads but, rather, as part of a comprehensive communication/cultivation plan.
Second, engaging donors and other interested audiences with current topics and relevant stories was the primary focus of the blog— not raising money.
Third, reinforcing the mission of the organization came next.
And finally, when it came time to ask for money, lead generation for planned gifts carried almost the same weight as the "ask" for donations.
So…. the blog was a part of our overall re-branding/communications strategy. We figured it would be a great way to expand engagement and information sharing in order to bring people closer to the mission. That's why we launched it before any other piece of our re-branding effort!
To generate leads, we used a simple banner ad on the right promoting free estate planning guides as our hook.
How is it working for planned giving lead generation?
It's really working very well. The small banner on the right side of the blog page has already generated several planned giving leads including some folks who said they are considering a gift. The site has only been up for about 1 week.
We all know that planned giving marketing needs to be ubiquitous. But not many organizations make it so because there are tons of other competing priorities. Folks, it's not just about letters and emails anymore. Multi-channel planned giving marketing is here. Just be sure to recognize that it's different. The leads will dribble in slowly and you must post new articles consistently over time.
These days donors want you to communicate with them in channels they prefer. Some donors simply like to read stories online using a blog. Fish where the fish are and make the planned giving message part of that space. I believe we are beginning to understand the future of planned giving marketing.
You might also want to check out Mark Schaefer's great examples of non-profit blogs here. None of them include a planned giving lead generation offer but it's still a nice list.
Just a super post! Creative and informative and thought provoking.
Creative, informative and integrated messaging gets attention, costs less – and gets results! The response from our donors has been very exciting and we are very pleased with this blog format for telling donors how their dollars make a difference.


Maharishi International Residential School is on the lookout for highly qualified, dedicated, innovative, globally exposed, techno-friendly, learner-centric educators with excellent communication skills to steer the destiny of our smart generation. Maharishi International Residential School offers multitude opportunities for professional growth in a collaborative, conducive work culture and convenient timings.
Selected members of the faculty are offered attractive remuneration package including benefits such as Provident Fund, medical insurance, educational scholarships for their children and free boarding, lodging for bachelors & Spinsters.
If you aspire to grow with us and realize your true potential as an educator, then MIRS is the right career platform. Resumes are invited for the vacancies in all subjects at MIRS, Sunguvarchathiram for the Academic year 2015-16. Anglo Indians are preferred for Pre primary.


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FanDuel Sportsbook NY
DraftKings Sportsbook NY
NY Odds
NY Sports Betting News
New York Rangers Odds to Win (FanDuel Sportsbook)
By Jason Guilbault | Jul 29, 2019, 9:24pm
New York Rangers 2019 Odds
New York Rangers Draft
Can Artemi Panarin Elevate The Rangers?
Do The Rangers Have A Shot?
With Sports betting legal, you might be looking to get some odds on the revamped New York Rangers. The New York teams are mostly on the come up, as they have slipped behind the league over the last decade. The Rangers were on the verge of winning a Stanley Cup not too long ago, but have fallen behind most of the Eastern Conference teams. New York finished with 78 points, which was second to last in the Metropolitan Division. It was the other New York team that finished with over 100 points, but fell short in the playoffs. 2019 should be a year to turn the tide, even with some aging players. New York had a strong draft, and landed the number two pick overall. The signing of Artemi Panarin is also a huge addition even with the huge salary hit.
(Via FanDuel Sportsbook)
To Win Stanley Cup: +2600
New York winded up with the second overall pick in the draft, landing Kaapo Kakko out of Finland. At just 18 years old, New York is expecting him to be a franchise pick. The Rangers were in desperate need to land a big name to build around, and Kakko is just that. He won a gold medal in the World Championship over the summer, putting up six goals in ten games. Kakko has a lot of pressure on his shoulders to turn this franchise around, but he has all the skill in the world to do so.
The Rangers followed up the Kakko pick with two second round picks. They took Matthew Robertson and Karl Henriksson. Robertson is a defenseman who brings a pretty stable floor to the table. He was projected to be a first round pick but slid back a bit. Defense is his specialty, and he lacks the offensive upside that you see in some modern day defenseman. As for Henriksson, he will have to work his way up the ladders a bit given his size. He generated a lot of points and could be a sneaky good playmaker once he develops to the NHL.
Zachary Jones went in the third round, going 68th overall. He counters Robertson with good offensive skills for a defenseman. Robertson looks to be an above average passer and has strong awareness. He won't blow the doors off with speed, but has the skill to make up for it. To sum up the Rangers draft, it was one of the better ones of any team in the league.
Artemi Panarin is 27 years old and has been one of the best wingers over the last few seasons with the Chicago Blackhawks and Columbus Blue Jackets. Since coming into the league in the 2015-16 season, he has scored 61 goals and posted 90 assists. He is also a strong winger on the power play. Panarin is also super durable, playing 322 games over the last four seasons. Signing Panarin for a seven year deal locks him up for his prime years, but the high salary is also going to limit them at some point. Panarin has played in 27 career playoff games, scoring nine goals and tallying 17 assists. With 26 points in 27 games, he has shown to get it done on the big stage. Panarin should be able to slot right in and elevate the teammates around him. This was a great spend up acquisition for the Rangers.
There are a lot of good names still on the Rangers, like Marc Staal, Mika Zibanejad, Kevin Shattenkirk, and Chris Kreider. There is also a vast amount of young talent coming up through the rankings, and the signing of Artemi Panarin certainly helps too. Henrik Lundqvist is now 37 years old, and is coming off a season where he allowed over three goals per game. He had his worst year in save percentage, and this was the first year allowing over three goals per game but also not recording a shutout. There might be a cause for concern with the former Vezina winner. The Rangers will need him to bounce back and find some old form.
I still believe the Rangers are about a year away, but they could be a surprise team in the postseason. In terms of winning it all, they have a tough task ahead of them with a very good eastern conference on the horizon. However, we have seen many things happen with lower seeds in the playoffs. Just look at the Lightning getting taken down by the Blue Jackets this past year.
Jason Guilbault
Jason is a long time DFS writer, podcaster, and player who jumped into sports betting in 2018. His DFS playing days go back to when you had to decide between Andray Blatche and Reggie Evans of the Brooklyn Nets. He has written betting news and articles for Daily Fantasy Cafe and Lineups.com.
FanDuel Sportsbook Opens in New York: Mobile Sports Betting Likely in 2020
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Reviewing DraftKings Sportsbook New York: History & Website Impressions
NY Betting Odds Report, 1/14/2020 – Preview: Utah Jazz visit Brooklyn Nets, Nets Look for Their Biggest Win of the Year
NY Betting Odds Report, 1/10/2020 – The Ever-Alluring Trap of the Road Favorite: Miami Heat -3.5 @ Brooklyn Nets
NY Betting Odds Report, 12/31/2019: Look Ahead to 2020, Forecasting the Next NYC Champion
NY Betting Odds Report: 12/18/2019 – Will the Jets play spoiler at home vs. the Pittsburgh Steelers?
NY Betting Odds Report: 12/5/2019 – Alas, the State of the Knicks
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Have you made Broiled Chicken With Mango, Ginger And Cilantro?
2. Lightly oil broiler pan. Using mallet or rolling pin, pound chicken lightly between sheets of waxed paper to even 1/2-inch thickness.
3. Season chicken with salt and pepper. Place chicken, skin side up, on prepared pan.
4. Broil until skin is golden brown, about 4 minutes.
5. Turn chicken over and broil until cooked through but still juicy, about 3 minutes longer.
6. Meanwhile, heat 2 teaspoons oil in heavy small skillet over medium heat.
7. Add ginger and garlic; saute 2 minutes. Add mango; saute until heated through and beginning to soften, about 3 minutes.
8. Remove from heat. Mix in cilantro and vinegar.
9. Season with salt and pepper. Place chicken on plates.
10. Top with warm mango mixture and serve. Steamed chayote squash and white rice cooked with one-fourth cup cream of coconut added to the water are fitting inside dishes.
11. Buy individual tartlets to top off the menu.
This recipe contains potential food allergens and will effect people with MSG, Poultry, Sulfites, Garlic, Vinegar, Cilantro, Olive Oil allergies.


I've been designing experiences since my college days, which have involved interdisciplinary cross-pollination, blindfoldedness, and tele-presence, and been taken place in venues ranging from my living room to the Playa. This video of one of my blind feasts shows sightless diners enjoying a delicious, utensil-less meal, allowing them to marinate in whatever bite they happen to be eating right now. In the summer of 2005, I discovered dans le noir in Paris, and have since observed dark dining emerge as an international phenomenon. Had I only thought to get professional with it and other escapades in experience design. Well, now I am.
So Close Yet So Far Away is a tele-dining experience I choreographed for Valentine's Day, which was sponsored by the Berkeley Center for New Media. People at Berkeley sat at tables for 2 across from their laptops, and via videochat, shared dessert with their long-distance Lovers sitting elsewhere in the country, or elsewhere in the world. This was an experiment in social tele-presence, and I envision tele-restaurants & tele-dance floors forthcoming. Check the write-ups on WIRED and my personal blog for a longer description, and our practice video for a quick flavor.
This Might Be A Love Story is a true story about a long-distance relationship between myself and a fellow in New York. (Think reality TV meets web TV meets lifecasting meets Love, ish.) Due to the personal nature of this project, I asked Current TV to take down their documentary about it via none other than Al Gore himself (amazing, ask me in person), but since it reflects my penchant for new media experimentation, I offer my story of this story.
The Graduates is a weekly radio show I conceived of and produced on KALX, dedicated to graduate student research at UC Berkeley. On the show, I interviewed grad students across campus on topics ranging from web-enabled paintball guns to the training of US marines for Iraq. Podcasts can be downloaded from iTunes U, and recommendations include: Jeff Silverman on supernovae (for which I won a Collegiate Broadcasters, Inc. Award), Matt Earp on music in the Web 2.0 era, and Anand Kulkarni on crowdsourced intelligence. Out of everything on this website, listening to one of these may give you the best sense of, well, me.
The Second Life Eco Tour is a mini-documentary I co-produced with sponsorship from the Serious Games Initiative of the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars. It chronicles environmental and governance-oriented activities in the virtual world of Second Life, such as the Green Islands Project, which enables residents to offset the carbon cost of their virtual property, and Eolus One, developer of virtual interfaces for managing real-world energy systems. Read more about the Second Life Eco Tour, and watch the mini-documentary.
I like to play with Wikipedia. I use it as a way to understand my thoughts, by making entries for things like social graphs and virtual terraforming, and letting Wikipedians clean them up. I've also used it as a medium of communication, to get a hold of Kevin Kelly (see bottom of Life and Literary Career), though my ploy survived for less than one minute. So I like to break the rules a little, but I swear officer, it's a work of Wikipediart. But I didn't mention this to Jimmy Wales when I had the great pleasure of interviewing him.
Public Performance Art Therapy is how I refer to my uses of performance art as a mechanism for public health, not dissimilar from former-Bogotá Mayor Antanas Mockus' use of mimes to alleviate street havoc. As one example, this video shows my weekly monochromatic interventions on Sproul Plaza.
The lack of a difference between them.


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Latest Federal Court Cases, 9/3/19
PATENT CASE OF THE WEEK
BioDelivery Sciences Int'l, Inc. v. Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc., Appeal Nos. 2019-1643, -1644, -1645 (Fed. Cir. Aug. 29, 2019)
Our case of the week this week focuses on Section 314(d)—the "no appeal" provision of the America Invents Act statute concerning inter partes reviews. In short, the panel reinforced the import and effect of that provision, even in light of the decision by the PTAB to vacate and terminate proceedings following a remand decision by the Federal Circuit after a first appeal.
BioDelivery filed three petitions for inter partes review. The PTAB instituted review on a single ground in each petition, declining to institute review on the remaining fourteen asserted grounds. The Board sustained the patentability of all claims based on the instituted grounds and BioDelivery appealed. After oral argument in the appeals, the Supreme Court issued its decision in SAS Institute, Inc. v. Iancu, 138 S. Ct. 1348 (2018), holding that the PTAB could not institute only on selected grounds. The Federal Circuit remanded the case, ordering that "BioDelivery's request for remand to implement the Court's decision in SAS is granted in [the three appeals]" and "[t]he PTAB's decisions in PTAB Nos. IPR2015-00165, IPR2015-00168, and IPR2015-00169, are vacated."
On remand, rather than consider the other fourteen grounds, the PTAB decided to vacate its prior institution decisions and terminate the proceedings, finding that pursuing such IPRs would not be an efficient administration of the Office, since the petitioner was unlikely to prevail on the vast majority of grounds asserted. BioDelivery appealed again.
A motions panel of the Federal Circuit affirmed, relying on Section 314(d). The Court reiterated that "Section 314(d) plainly states that the Patent Office's decision whether to institute IPR is not appealable," and noted its prior decision that "[t]he Board's vacatur of its institution decisions and termination of the proceedings constitute decisions whether to institute inter partes review and are therefore 'final and nonappealable.'" The Court noted that the AIA expressly contemplates the termination of IPRs before a final written decision.
The Court also rejected an argument that there is a "strong presumption in favor of judicial review," finding that the IPR statute expressly provided for no appeals from such decisions. Thus, the Court dismissed the appeal. Judge Reyna drafted the opinion, joined by Judge Lourie.
Judge Newman dissented. She believed that the PTAB did not comply with the remand order from the first appeal by failing to consider the additional grounds asserted in the petitions.
The opinion can be found here.
ALSO THIS WEEK
Allergan Sales, LLC v. Sandoz, Inc., Appeal No. 2018-2207 (Fed. Cir. Aug. 29, 2019)
The Federal Circuit affirmed the grant of a preliminary injunction in an Abbreviated New Drug Application case, where the validity of the asserted claims turned on the effect of detailed "wherein" clauses relating to the safety and efficacy of the claimed formulation. The Court agreed with the district court's construction of such clauses as constituting claim limitations. For example, where the claims recited a topical treatment "wherein the method is as effective as the administration of" a specified alternative treatment, the Court rejected defendants-appellants' argument that the clauses were not material to patentability and "merely state the intended results." Instead, relying on portions of the specification and prosecution history emphasizing the importance of improved safety and efficacy, including to distinguish the claimed formulation over the prior art, the Court found that the "wherein" clauses were material to patentability and therefore limiting. Chief Judge Prost entered a concurring opinion, agreeing with the majority's conclusion but arguing that the plain meaning of the claim terms dictated the same result from the outset.
Guangdong Alison Hi-Tech Co. v. International Trade Commission, Appeal No. 2018-2042 (Fed. Cir. Aug. 27, 2019)
In this appeal from a U.S. International Trade Commission investigation, the Federal Circuit addresses issues relating to indefiniteness and anticipation. Specifically, the Court affirmed the Commission's decision that the patent-at-issue was not invalid on those grounds. As to indefiniteness, the Court found that while the term "lofty … batting" is a term of degree, the specification provides objective boundaries—in the form of distinguishing features, examples, and metrics—that inform the meaning of the term and as such, it is not indefinite. As to anticipation, the Court affirmed the Commission's decision that the patent was not anticipated by a reference that was also considered by the examiner during prosecution and by the PTAB during an IPR because that reference did not expressly or inherently disclose the "lofty … batting" limitation.
Nika Aldrich
Scott Eads
Erin Forbes


Although, generally, a great roofing is able to maintain its look and effectiveness between 10 years, it does diminish later on. In some cases, you will see pockets on top, warps, and smashes. In addition, if you don't thoughts, the smashes and smashes will lead to leak, which can cost more to fix. Of course, the standard of fix needed relies upon on the type of harm. If the harm is too bad that it is not possible to improve or renovate, then you'd need to buy whole new roofing.
Here are the main qualities or factors to check.
If you want to ensure an advanced degree of professionalism and reliability, demand an RBC certificate from your company. This is a basic need for firms who straight manage developing development services with property owners.
Most redecorating firms already have this, but there are those who are dedicated to roofing only and such is announced in their permits as a special expertise place. If there are other areas that you will be renovating in the future, consider an all-around qualified company.
All ideas about insurance policy are the same - it is a assured settlement for loss, harm, or any unpleasant and unexpected activities in exchange of a top quality that you pay. Some providers offer marketing offers like free insurance policy if you pay the agreement in single payment.
When referring to insurance policy, ensure that you ask about who the plan company is and do a research on this firm's popularity and qualifications. Usually, the agreement is a offer (meaning it comes with the policy) but if you're uncertain about it, ask about how you can go and look for your own insurance policy company.
Also, discover the protection and be careful to details. One prevalent problem is when the plan does not say that they will exactly coordinate your unique materials in situation you claim. Alternatively, if there is a gap somewhere, will they fix it? They are required to recover the property to its unique state before the harm.
If there is protection about KYC or know your client, then it is essential to know your ann arbor roofers! Although the company they signify is qualified, they also have to be independently qualified to do development tasks.
Most Ann Arbor roofers would not thoughts displaying potential customers the information of their workers to display their encounters and tasks that they been employed on in the past.
If there's an opportunity for you to get to talk to workers independently, then take that opportunity so that you can independently tell them your choices and they can, furthermore, notify you how they function.
Testimonial articles are reliable resources too, as long as these write-ups are genuine. Do not only study recommendations on the firm's website because there's the opportunity these are solicited or paid ads.
Look for weblogs and boards that deal with renovating, fix, and anything related to deal with set up or renovating, so you can find that perfect roofer.
This documentation panel guarantees that firms fulfill requirements that let the entrepreneurs to eliminate client problems and after sales demands.
Businesses pay charges for BBB to regularly and continually observe and call out non-compliance to guidelines and recommendations to the Ann Arbor roofers. This formal acceptance from the BBB is not compulsory but will be useful if the completed product does not fulfill the customers' requirements or if there are disputes after the work has been completed.
GAF appears for General Aniline & Movie.
It is the most important producer of development provides in North of the United States. It used to be concentrated on production roofing products for homes and professional businesses, but now it has also stepped into other redecorating sectors.
Having a specialist who is GAF qualified assures that the conditions used for your house are of high-quality, resilient, and have approved conformity and great quality assessments.


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-MESOTHELIOMA LAWYERS
For Immediate Assistance Call	1-800-818-4905
New Orleans Council Member Accuses 36 Defendants of Role in His Mesothelioma
After working in and serving Jefferson Parish in New Orleans for decades, Jimmy Lawson never dreamed that his dedication would lead to him being diagnosed with the rare and fatal form of cancer known as malignant mesothelioma. But that is exactly what happened, and now the well known council member is pursuing justice, pursuing a legal battle against the local government, the Jefferson School Board, and almost three dozen companies and organizations that he is accusing of having exposed him to the asbestos that caused his illness.
Lawson is 71 years old, and was diagnosed less than a year ago with mesothelioma, the condition caused by exposure to asbestos. In reviewing his working career and life to determine the source of his personal exposure, he found "a number of different sources … throughout the greater New Orleans area" that were contaminated with the carcinogenic material. As a result, his mesothelioma lawsuit names companies ranging from the owner of the Avondale Shipyard where he worked in the late 1960s to the local government, where he served on the Jefferson Parish Council for 19 years. While serving as a member of the Jefferson Finance Authority and the Housing Authority (including time spent as the chairman of that group), he worked in government offices throughout the city, all of which were build using asbestos.
Asbestos was used in equipment, industrial settings and construction up until the mid-1970s, when its carcinogenic nature was made known by the Environmental Protection Agency. Prior to the public release of that information, many asbestos companies were aware of its dangers but kept the information a secret from the public and their customers. As a result, tens of thousands of people were exposed to the material and not given the ability to protect themselves from inhaling or ingesting it. Since that time, those companies have been held legally responsible for the damage that people have suffered.
If you were exposed to asbestos and have been diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma, asbestosis or any other asbestos-related disease, you may be able to pursue legal action against the companies responsible, just as Jimmy Lawson is doing in New Orleans. For more information, contact us today at 1-800-966-2244.
Author: Terri Oppenheimer
Terri Oppenheimer is an independent writer, editor, and proofreader. She graduated from the College of William and Mary with a degree in English. Her dreams of a writing career were diverted by a need to pay her bills. She spent a few years providing the copy for a major retailer, then landed a lucrative career in advertising sales. With college bills for all three of her kids paid, she left corporate America for a return to her original goal of writing. She specializes in providing content for websites and finds tremendous enjoyment in the things she learns while doing her research. Her specific areas of interest include health and fitness, medical research, and the law.
Written by Terri Oppenheimer on Posted on August 21, 2018
FIND A LAWYER IN YOUR AREA
Claim Value Calculator
MESOTHELIOMA LAWYERS
For Personal Assistance Call 1-800-818-4905
Sponsor: Paul Danziger, Attorney – Houston, Tx
TOUCH TO CALL US NOW


DistrictBug offers details on school districts and ISDs. This record is for YMCA SERVICE LEARNING ACADEMY school district in DETROIT, MI. ISD and school district data is deemed reliable, but not guaranteed. More info at SchoolBug.


MIDDLE PORTION OF RY ROUGH AND UNEVEN ENTIRE LENGTH.
Runway edge markings: RY 17/35 EDGES & THLDS MKD WITH WHITE ROCK MARKERS.
Manager: MIDDLE FORK RANGER DIST.
- FLYING B PVT ARPT LCTD 1/2 MILE UPSTREAM.
- LAND RY 35; TKOF RY 17; NO TGL OR STOP & GO LANDINGS; GO AROUNDS NOT RECOMMENDED DUE TO STEEP RISING TERRAIN OFF NORTH END OF RY 17.
There are no published instrument procedures at U54.
Do you have a better or more recent aerial photo of Bernard USFS Airport that you would like to share? If so, please send us your photo.
Flying to Bernard USFS Airport? Find the distance to fly.


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Samuel Jendai Kamei (born 1 May 1959) is an Indian politician, belonging to the North Eastern district Tamenglong, Manipur. He was elected to the Manipur Legislative Assembly from Tamenglong constituency in the 1995, 2000, 2002 and 2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election. Previously, he was a member of Manipur State Congress Party, Federal Party of Manipur and Naga People's Front and Bhartiya Janata Party.

References

Living people
Naga people
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Manipur
Manipur State Congress Party politicians
Federal Party of Manipur politicians
Naga People's Front politicians
People from Tamenglong district
Manipur MLAs 2017–2022
Samata Party politicians
Manipur MLAs 1995–2000
Manipur MLAs 2000–2002
Manipur MLAs 2002–2007
1959 births

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Lord Jesus, today we bring to You the silent supporters of Your ministry on earth. Lord, bless and honour those who clean the pews, decorate the halls for worship, do secretarial work, wash the toilets and do the odd job for Your glory behind the scenes – the sound technicians, the volunteer staff, the drivers, the babysitters and all those who faithfully support ministries with their time and money. A prayer for their families too. May their rewards come from You. And frequently remind each of us that each role comes from You, so respect all jobs, all brethren. Amen.


.AF - The Top Level Domain for the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan! The official languages of the South Asian state are Pashtun and Dari. Three-quarters of the country consist of mountain regions which are difficult to access.
Afghanistan received its domain translation .af in 1997, but was initially administered by a private person in Kabul and therefore barely registered. When the contact with this person was lost during the Afghan civil war, the registration was temporarily stopped and continued in September 2002.
The registration of an .af domain is possible to any person without restriction.


Ken has been a leader in many capacities, from his 26 years in the Army to his 17 years in the Scouting program. He's excited about being able to share what he has learned about leading with others who are just starting out on their leadership journey.
A strange encounter between a French king and several cannibals from South America sheds light on cultural bias, and what it takes for leaders to see past the limits of our own experience.


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FL Keys
Orlando/Central
Winter 2022 manatee festivals in Crystal River & Orange City
Last updated on January 10th, 2022 at 09:45 am
Two large manatee festivals celebrate Florida's beloved manatee every January – one in Orange City and one in Crystal River.
These two locations are probably the best places in the state to see manatees in clear water and in great numbers.
Each of these manatee festivals draws thousands of people.
Florida Manatee Festivals take place in locations where manatee congregate in clear spring waters.
2022 Crystal River Manatee Festival
When: Jan. 15 and 16, 2022
Where: Downtown Crystal River, at the intersection of Citrus Avenue and U.S. 19, stretching up through the shops and restaurants of Heritage Village and surrounding areas, down to the waterside area along King's Bay.
Admission: Donations are $5 for adults; children 12 and under free.
Three Sisters Spring filled with manatees (Photo courtesy US Fish and Wildlife Service)
Features of the Crystal River Manatee Festival:
There are three stages with live entertainment each day and a Kid Zone.
The key event is visiting nearby Three Sisters Spring, where manatees are easy to see and watch in the clear spring water. The last bus departs for Three Sisters Springs at 3:30 p.m. on Saturday and 2:30 p.m. on Sunday. Whereas admission is normally, $15, the City of Crystal River will be operating entrance into Three Sisters Springs during manatee festival at a reduced rate for festival patrons: $10 for adult and $5 for children ages 6-15. The shuttles will leave from the visitor center at 123 NW US Hwy 19.
To park for the festival, go to the southeast corner of the Kings Bay Shopping Plaza parking lot at US 19 and Kings Bay Drive. There are frequent shuttles to the festival grounds.
Manatee Boat Tours will be available from the City Pier at the end of Third Street. The half-hour tours will take you out into Kings Bay and other favorite hangouts of the manatees. There is a separate ticket: Adults $10, ages 6 to 12 $5; 5 and under free.
Guided kayak tours are offered both days for a separate fee.
Heritage House Hippie Village features vendors, food and music reminiscent of the 60s and 70s.
Festival's official site
Find a Hotel in Crystal River
Manatee fesivals: FPL's Manatee Lagoon in West Palm Beach offers an educational festival at its Manatee-oriented Eco-Discovery Center.
2022 Orange City Blue Spring Manatee Festival
When: Jan. 22-23, 2022, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Where: Valentine Park, West French Avenue off of Highway 17-92.
Admission: $8 for adults and $2 for children 4 to 10. Children 3 and under are free. (Dogs: $10)
The main attraction at the Orange City Manatee Festival are free shuttle buses to the Blue Spring State Park for manatee viewing.
Other activities include arts and crafts booths, face-painting, dancing and rides. The event benefits the Friends of Blue Spring State Park, scholarships and other Orange City organizations.
Saturday entertainment
Disconnected K9's Frisbee Show: 11 a.m., 1 p.m. and 3 p.m.
Karegan Wodz Solo Artist: 12 p.m. to 1 p.m.
Caerbanog – Live Band: 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Sunday Entertainment
Disconnected K9's Frisbee Show: 11:30 a.m., 1:30 p.m. and 3:30 p.m.
Jeff Howell Band From "Monsters in the Morning" 104.1
Real Radio: 12:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Find a Hotel in Orange City
2022 Family ManateeFest in West Palm Beach
When: Feb. 5, 2022
Where: The FPL Eco-Discovery Center, 6000 N. Flagler Drive, West Palm Beach, an environmental education center located at a major gathering point for manatees, where warm water flows from an FPL power plant.
Admission: Free.
ManateeFest is a free, family-friendly event with hands-on educational activities including photo opportunities with Mia the Manatee, an interactive selfie station, marine life face painting, art stations, and local and state environmental exhibitors. The event offers a variety of food trucks, arts and crafts vendors, environmental booths and live music.
Manatee Lagoon is open daily through manatee season (Nov. 15 – March 31); closed Mondays during remainder of the year (April 1 – Nov. 14). Hours of operation: 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Details at Manatee Lagoon website
More about Florida manatees
Where to see manatees in Florida, a Florida Rambler guide.
Watch live manatees in real time via the webcam at Blue Spring from Save the Manatee.
Save the Manatee organization
Manatee FAQ
The information in this article was accurate when published but can change without notice. Please confirm details when planning your trip by following the links in this article.
This article is the property of FloridaRambler.com and is protected by U.S. Copyright Law. Re-publication without written permission is against the law.
Bonnie Gross
The author, Bonnie Gross, travels with her husband David Blasco, discovering off-the-beaten path places to hike, kayak, bike, swim and explore. Florida Rambler was founded in 2010 by Bonnie and fellow journalist Bob Rountree, two long-time Florida residents who have spent decades exploring the Florida outdoors. Their articles have been published in the Sun Sentinel, the Miami Herald, the Orlando Sentinel, The Guardian and Visit Florida.
By Author Bonnie Gross
Categories Orlando/Central Florida, Festivals
Blue SpringCrystal RivermanateesOrange CityRiviera BeachThree Sisters SpringWest Palm Beach
Homestead Rodeo returns in 2022 for its 72nd year
Whale watching in Florida: Winter thrill on northeast coast
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If you like nothing better than coming home from a hard day's work and finding that your dog decided to "go" on the couch or use your favorite shoes as a new chew toy, then crate training isn't for you. But, if you're like most people, then using a crate to properly train your dog will be time well spent.
Crate training takes some time and effort, but it is a proven way to help train dogs who act inappropriately without knowing any better. If you have a new dog or puppy, you can use the crate to limit his access to the house until he learns all the house rules - like what he can and can't chew on and where he can and can't eliminate. A crate is also a safe way of transporting your dog in the car or taking him places where he may not be welcome to run freely. If you properly train your dog to use the crate, he'll think of it as his safe place and will be happy to spend time there when needed.
Selecting a Crate. Crates may be plastic (often called "flight kennels") or collapsible, metal pens. They come in different sizes and can be purchased at most pet supply stores. Your dog's crate should be just large enough for him to stand up and turn around in. If your dog is still growing, choose a crate size that will accommodate his adult size. Block off the excess crate space so your dog can't eliminate at one end and retreat to the other.
The Crate Training Process. Crate training can take days or weeks, depending on your dog's age, temperament, and past experiences. It's important to keep two things in mind while crate training: The crate should always be associated with something pleasant, and training should take place in a series of small steps. Don't go too fast.
Step 1: Introducing Your Dog to the Crate.
Place the crate in an area of your house where the family spends a lot of time, such as the family room. Put a soft blanket or towel in the crate. Bring your dog over to the crate and talk to him in a happy tone of voice. Make sure the crate door is open and secured so that it won't hit your dog and frighten him. To encourage your dog to enter the crate, drop some small food treats nearby, then just inside the door, and finally, all the way inside the crate. If he refuses to go all the way in at first, that's okay; don't force him to enter. Continue tossing treats into the crate until your dog will walk calmly all the way into the crate to get the food. If he isn't interested in treats, try tossing a favorite toy in the crate. This step may take a few minutes or as long as several days.
Step 2: Feeding Your Dog His Meals in the Crate.
After introducing your dog to the crate, begin feeding him his regular meals near the crate. This will create a pleasant association with the crate. If your dog is readily entering the crate when you begin Step 2, place the food dish all the way at the back of the crate. If instead your dog remains reluctant to enter the crate, put the dish only as far inside as he will readily go without becoming fearful or anxious. Each time you feed him, place the dish a little further back in the crate. Once your dog is standing comfortably in the crate to eat his meal, you can close the door while he's eating. The first time you do this, open the door as soon as he finishes his meal. With each successive feeding, leave the door closed a few minutes longer, until he's staying in the crate for ten minutes or so after eating. If he begins to whine to be let out, you may have increased the length of time too quickly. Next time, try leaving him in the crate for a shorter time period. If he does whine or cry in the crate, it's imperative that you not let him out until he stops. Otherwise, he'll learn that the way to get out of the crate is to whine, so he'll keep doing it.
Step 3: Conditioning Your Dog to the Crate for Longer Time Periods. After your dog is eating his regular meals in the crate with no sign of fear or anxiety, you can confine him there for short time periods while you're home. Call him over to the crate and give him a treat. Give him a command to enter, such as "kennel." Encourage him by pointing to the inside of the crate with a treat in your hand. After your dog enters the crate, praise him, give him the treat, and close the door. Sit quietly near the crate for five to ten minutes and then go into another room for a few minutes. Return, sit quietly again for a short time, then let him out of the crate. Repeat this process several times a day. With each repetition, gradually increase the length of time you leave him in the crate and the length of time you're out of his sight. Once your dog will stay quietly in the crate for about 30 minutes with you out of sight the majority of the time, you can begin leaving him crated when you're gone for short time periods and/or letting him sleep there at night. This may take several days or several weeks.
Step 4, Part A: Crating Your Dog When Left Alone. After your dog can spend about 30 minutes in the crate without becoming anxious or afraid, you can begin leaving him crated for short periods when you leave the house. Put him in the crate using your regular command and a treat. You might also want to leave him with a few safe toys in the crate. You'll want to vary at what point in your "getting ready to leave" routine you put your dog in the crate. Although he shouldn't be crated for a long time before you leave, you can crate him anywhere from five to 20 minutes prior to leaving. Don't make your departures emotional and prolonged, but matter-of-fact. Praise your dog briefly, give him a treat for entering the crate, and then leave quietly. When you return home, don't reward your dog for excited behavior by responding to him in an excited, enthusiastic way. Keep arrivals low key to avoid increasing his anxiety over when you will return. Continue to crate your dog for short periods from time to time when you're home so he doesn't associate crating with being left alone.
Step 4, Part B: Crating Your Dog at Night. Put your dog in the crate using your regular command and a treat. Initially, it may be a good idea to put the crate in your bedroom or nearby in a hallway, especially if you have a puppy. Puppies often need to go outside to eliminate during the night, and you'll want to be able to hear your puppy when he whines to be let outside. Older dogs, too, should initially be kept nearby so that they don't associate the crate with social isolation. Once your dog is sleeping comfortably through the night with his crate near you, you can begin to gradually move it to the location you prefer, although time spent with your dog-even sleep time-is a chance to strengthen the bond between you and your pet.
Whining. If your dog whines or cries while in the crate at night, it may be difficult to decide whether he's whining to be let out of the crate, or whether he needs to be let outside to eliminate. If you've followed the training procedures outlined above, then your dog hasn't been rewarded for whining in the past by being released from his crate. If that is the case, try to ignore the whining. If your dog is just testing you, he'll probably stop whining soon. Yelling at him or pounding on the crate will only make things worse. If the whining continues after you've ignored him for several minutes, use the phrase he associates with going outside to eliminate. If he responds and becomes excited, take him outside. This should be a trip with a purpose, not play time. If you're convinced that your dog doesn't need to eliminate, the best response is to ignore him until he stops whining. Don't give in; if you do, you'll teach your dog to whine loud and long to get what he wants. If you've progressed gradually through the training steps and haven't done too much too fast, you'll be less likely to encounter this problem. If the problem becomes unmanageable, you may need to start the crate training process over again.


The Magic Company Ten Pin Bowling arena caters for families and groups and is a fun alternative for corporate team building. Even if you don't manage a strike, you're sure to have a great time ten pin bowling in Johannesburg at Montecasino.
For even more fun a Laser Zone has recently been added, which offers an adrenalin pumping Laser-tag experience - ideal for kids' birthday parties.
Bowling shoes are provided and refreshments are available. The Magic Company Ten Pin Bowling is situated adjacent to Joe Parker's Comedy & Jive.
Guests booking for Bowling must make arrangements for their own food, etc.


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Class 8th Science
Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management
Chapter 2 Microorganisms: Friend and Foe
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Microorganisms Friend and Foe
Chapter 3 Synthetic Fibres and Plastics
Chapter 3 Synthetic Fibers and Plastics NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science
Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 4 Materials Metals and Non Metals
Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Materials Coal and Petroleum
Chapter 6 Combustion and Flames
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 6 Combustion and Flame
Chapter 7 Conservation Of Plants And Animals
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 7 Conservation of Plants and Animals
Chapter 8 Cell – Structure and Function
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 8 Cell Structure and Functions
Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals
Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 10 Reaching The Age of Adolescence
Chapter 11 Force And Pressure
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 11 Force and Pressure
Chapter 12 Friction
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 12 Friction
Chapter 13 Sound
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 13 Sound
Chapter 14 Chemical Effects of Electric Current
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 14 Chemical Effects of Electric Current
Chapter 15 Some Natural Phenomena
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 15 Some Natural Phenomena
Chapter 16 Light
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 16 Light
Chapter 17 Stars And The Solar System
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 17 Stars and The Solar System
Chapter 18 Pollution Of Air And Water
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 Pollution of Air And Water
Class 8th Math
Chapter 1 Rational Numbers
Chapter 1 Exercise 1.1 Page 14
Chapter 1 Exercise 1.2 Page: 20
Chapter 2 Linear Equations In One Variable
Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals
Chapter 4 Practical Geometry
Chapter 5 Data Handling
Chapter 6 Square Square Roots
Chapter 6 Exercise 6.3 Page: 102
Chapter 7 Cubes and Cube Roots
Chapter 7 Exercise 7.1
Chapter 7 Exercise 7.2 Page Number 275
Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities
Exercise 8.1 Page No: 119
Class 8th Englisn Honeydew Summary
The Best Christmas Present in the World Summary
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English Honeydew Chapter 1 The Best Christmas Present in the World
The Tsunami Summary
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English Honeydew Chapter 2 The Tsunami
Glimpses of the Past Summary
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English Honeydew Chapter 3 Glimpses of the Past
Bepin Choudhury's Lapse of Memory Summary
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English Honeydew Chapter 4 Bepin Choudhury's Lapse of Memory
The Summit Within Summary
This is Jody's Fawn Summary
A Visit to Cambridge Summary
A Short Monsoon Diary Summary
The Great Stone Face I Summary
The Great Stone Face II Summary
Class 8 English Honeydew Poem
The Ant and the Cricket Summary
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English Honeydew Poem Chapter 1 The Ant and the Cricket
Geography Lesson Summary
Macavity : The Mystery Cat Summary
The Last Bargain Summary
The School Boy Summary
The Duck and the Kangaroo Summary
When I Set Out for Lyonnesse Summary
On the Grasshopper and Cricket Summary
Class 8 English It So Happened
How The Camel Got His Hump Summary
NCERT solutions for class 8 English It So Happened How The camel got his hump
Children at Work Summary
The Selfish Giant Summary
The Treasure Within Summary
Princess September Summary
The Fight Summary
The Open Window Summary
Jalebis Summary
The Comet I Summary
The Comet II Summary
Class 8 Social Science History
Chapter 1 How, When and Where
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 1 How, When and Where
Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory
Chapter 3 Ruling the Countryside
Chapter 4 Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age
Chapter 5 When People Rebel
Chapter 6 Colonialism and the City
Chapter 7 Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners
Chapter 8 Civilising the "Native", Educating the Nation
Chapter 9 Women, Caste and Reform
Chapter 10 The Changing World of Visual Arts
Chapter 11 The Making of the National Movemen
Chapter 12 India After Independence
Class 8 Social Science Geography
Chapter 1 Resources
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources
Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources
Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Minerals and Power Resources
Chapter 4 Agriculture
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture
Chapter 5 Industries
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Industries
Chapter 6 Human Resource
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Human Resources
Class 8 Social Science Civics: Social and Political Life – III
Chapter 1 The Indian Constitution
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 The Indian Constitution
Chapter 2 Understanding Secularism
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Understanding Secularism
Understanding Secularism NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions
Chapter 3 Why Do We Need a Parliament?
Chapter 4 Understanding Laws
Chapter 5 Judiciary
Chapter 6 Understanding Our Criminal Justice System
Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation
Chapter 8 Confronting Marginalisation
Chapter 9 Public Facilities
Chapter 10 Law and Social Justice
Online Class For 8th Standard Students (CBSE) (English Medium)
Stars and The Solar System Class 8 Science NCERT Textbook Questions
Choose the correct answer in Questions 1-3.
Which of the following is NOT a member of the solar system?
(a) An asteroid
(b) A satellite
(c) A constellation
(d) A comet
Which of the following is NOT a planet of the sun?
(a) Sirius
(b) Mercury
(c) Saturn
(d) Earth
Phases of the moon occur because
(a) we can see only that part of the moon which reflects light towards us.
(b) our distance from the moon keeps changing.
(c) the shadow of the Earth covers only a part of the moon's surface.
(d) the thickness of the moon's atmosphere is not constant.
Fill in the blanks.
(a) The planet which is farthest from the Sun is _____
(b) The planet which appears reddish in colour is ______
(c) A group of stars that appear to form a pattern in the sky is known as a _____
(d) A celestial body that revolves around a planet is known as ______
(e) Shooting stars are actually not _____
(f) Asteroids are found between the orbits of and ______
(a) Neptune
(b) Mars
(c) constellation
(d) satellite
(e) stars
(f) Mars, Jupiter
Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F).
(a) Pole star is a member of the solar system.
(b) Mercury is the smallest planet of the solar system.
(c) Uranus is the farthest planet in the solar system.
(d) INSAT is an artificial satellite.
(e) There are nine planets in the solar system.
(f) Constellation Orion can be seen only with a telescope.
(a) False
(b) True
(c) False
(d) True
(e) False
(f) False
Match items in column A with one or more items in column B.
(i) (e) (g)
(ii) (a)
(iii) (c) (f)
(iv) (d)
In which part of the sky can you find Venus if it is visible as an evening star?
In west side of the sky.
Name the largest planet of the solar system.
What is a constellation? Name any two constellations.
A group of stars which has a recognizable shape is called a constellation.
Example: Ursa Major, Orion
Draw sketches to show the relative positions of prominent stars in
(i) Ursa Major and
(ii) Orion
(i) Ursa Major
Name two objects other than planets which are members of the solar system.
Comets and asteroids.
Explain how you can locate the Pole star with the help of Ursa Major.
Pole star can be located with the help of two stars at the end of Ursa Major. Imagine a straight line passing through these stars. Extend the imaginary line in North direction. This line is about five times the distance between two stars. A star is seen in this direction which is called Pole star.
Do all the stars in the sky move? Explain.
No, all the stars do not move in the sky. Due to the rotation of the Earth on its own axis stars seem to move in the sky.
Why is the distance between stars expressed in light years? What do you understand by the statement that a star is eight light years away from the Earth?
The stars are very far away from the Earth and it is not convenient to express such distances in kilo¬metres. Thus, such large distances are expressed in unit known as light year.
If we say that a star is eight light years away from Earth, it means that the light from star will reach the Earth in eight years.
The radius of Jupiter is 11 times the radius of the Earth. Calculate the ratio of the volumes of Jupiter and the Earth. How many Earths can Jupiter accommodate?
Let the radius of Earth be r units.
Boojho made the following sketch (Fig. 17.6) of the solar system. Is the sketch correct or not, correct it.
No, the sketch made by Boojho is not correct. The correct sketch is given below:
Stars and The Solar System Class 8 Science NCERT Intext Activities Solved
Activity 1 (NCERT Textbook, Page 216)
Observe the moon continuously for several nights, preferably from one full moon to the next. Make a sketch of the moon every night in your notebook and note the day from the day of the full moon. Also, note every day the part of the sky (east or west) in which the moon is seen.
We find that there is a change in the shape of the moon every day and the moon appears to be perfectly round on the full moon day. On the fifteenth day of the month, we see that the moon is not visible even if the sky is clear.
Thus, the moon goes on increasing every day, till on the fifteenth day and the full face of the moon is visible. After the full moon the bright part of the moon goes on decreasing every night and by another fifteen days again new moon is formed.
Take a big ball ora pitcher. Paint half of it white and half black.
Go out into the playground with two of your friends. Draw a circle of radius of about 2 m on the ground. Divide the circle into eight equal parts as shown in Fig. 17.1.
Stand at the centre of the circle. Ask a friend to hold the ball at different points of the circle. Ask her to keep the white portion of the ball always towards the Sun. If you are performing this activity in the morning then the white portion of the ball should be kept towards the east. If the activity is being performed in the afternoon then the white portion of the ball should be kept towards the west. In each case the line dividing the white and black portions is kept vertical.
Standing at the centre of the circle observe the visible white portion of the ball while your friend stands at the points on the circle marked earlier. Draw the shape of the white portion as you see it. Compare your drawings with the different phases of the moon as shown in Fig. 17.8.
Activity 3 (NCERT Textbook, Page 218-219)
Draw a circle of about 1 m diameter on the ground. Ask one of your friends to stand at the centre of this circle. You revolve around your friend in such a manner that your face always remains towards him. Can your friend see your back? How many rotations did you complete in one revolution? The moon revolves around the Earth in a similar manner.
No, my friend cannot see my back. One rotation is completed in one revolution.
It is concluded that the moon completes one rotation on its axis as it completes one revolution around the Earth.
Stand in the centre of a big room and start rotating. In which direction will the objects in the room appear to move? Do you see them moving in the direction opposite to your motion?
The object appear to move in the opposite direction to our motion.
Take an umbrella and open it. Make about 10-15 stars out of white paper. Paste one star at the position of the central rod of the umbrella and others at different places on the cloth neartheend of each spoke (Fig. 17.2). Now rotate the umbrella by holding its central rod in your hand. Observe the stars on the umbrella. Is there any star which does not appear to move? Where is this star located?
If there were a star located where the axis of rotation of the Earth meets the sky, could this star also be stationary?
Yes, the star situated at the central rod of the umbrella does not appear to move.
Star located at the axis of the earth meets the sky is also stationary.
Thus, the Pole star situated in the direction of the earth's axis does not appear to move.
Observe this constellation (Ursa Major) for a few hours. Do you find any change in its shape? Do you find any change in its position?
It is observe that the shape of the constellation remains the same but the constellation appears to move in the sky from east to west.
This activity should be performed on a clear moonless night during summer at about 9.00 p.m. Look towards the northern part of the sky and identify Ursa Major. You may get help from elders in your family. Look at the two stars at the end of Ursa Major. Imagine a straight line passing through these stars as shown in Fig. 17.3. Extend this imaginary line towards the north direction. (About five times the distance between the two stars.)
This line will lead to a star which is not too bright. This is the Pole star. Observe the Pole star for some time. Note that it does not move at all as other stars drift from east to west.
Pole star is a prominent star and is aligned with the Earth's axis of rotation. So Pole star does not move at all with respect to other stars.
During a summer night, observe Ursa Major 3-4 times at an interval of 2 to 3 hours. Also locate the Pole star each time. Does Ursa Major appear to move from east to west? Does it appear to revolve around the Pole star? Compare your observations with those in Fig. 17.4.
It is concluded that all the stars of Ursa Major appear to revolve around the Pole star.
Go out into the playground with four or five of your friends. Draw four circles of radii 1 m, 1.8 m, 2.5 m and 3.8 m, all having a common centre (Fig. 17.5).
Ask one of your friends to stand in the centre and represent the Sun. Your other four friends may represent Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
Ask your friends to move around the Sun in anti-clockwise direction in their own orbits (Fig. 17.5). Do they collide with one another?
No, they do not collide with one another, because they have fixed orbits of their own. In a similar way, planets move in their own orbits.
Activity 10 (NCERT Textbook, Page 227)
Find out from some newspaper or from an almanac the time when Ve- ' nus is visible in the sky. You can easily recognise Venus by its brightness. Remember that Venus cannot be seen very high in the sky. You must try to observe Venus either 1 -3 hours before sunrise or 1-3 hours after sunset.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 17 – 1 Mark Questions and Answers
Name the instrument you will use to observe rings of the planet Saturn. [MSE (Chandigarh) 2008]
Telescope.
Which star appears to remain fixed to us ? What is / are the name/s given to it ? [DAV2008]
Pole star appears to be fixed. Its name is Dhruv Tara.
Planet ………….. is known to have the largest number of natural satellites. [KVS 2008]
Jupiter.
Name any two constellations that have seven prominent stars in them. [DAV2007]
Ursa Major and Ursa Minor have seven prominent stars in them.
Name the planet that was predicted before it was actually observed. [KVS 2005]
Why the stars are not visible during the day ? [MSE (Chandigarh) 2005]
The stars are not visible during the day because of the glare of bright sunlight.
Which of the following is NOT a member of the solar system ? [NCT2010]
An asteroid
A satellite
A constellation
A comet
A satellite.
Which of the following is NOT a planet of the sun ? [NCT2010]
Phases of the moon occur because [NCT2010]
we can see only that part of the moon which reflects light towards us.
our distance from the moon keeps changing.
the shadow of the Earth covers only a part of the moon's surface. '
the thickness of the moon's atmosphere is not constant. '
Fill in the blanks : [NCERT]
The planet which is farthest from the Sim is …………
The planet which appears reddish in colour is ……………
A group of stars that appear to form a pattern in the sky is known as a ………….
A celestial body that revolves around a planet is known as ……………..
Shooting stars are actually not ……………
Asteroids are found between the orbits of …………. and …………..
Constellation.
Satellite.
Mars, Jupiter.
Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). [NCERT]
Pole star is a member of the solar system. ( )
Mercury is the smallest planet of the solar system. ( )
Uranus is the farthest planet in the solar system. ( )
There are nine planets in the solar system. ( )
INSAT is an artificial satellite. ( )
Constellation Orion can be seen only with a telescope. ( )
Match the items in column I with one or more items in column II
Column-I Column-II
(a) Star (i) Saturn
(b) Constellation (ii) Pole star
(c) Planet (iii) Great Bear
(d) Satellite of the earth (iv) Moon
(v) Earth
(vi) Orion
(vii) Mars
(a) Star
(b) Constellation
(c) Planet
(d) Satellite of the earth (i) Pole star
(iii) Great Bear, (vi) Orion
(iii) Saturn, (v) Earth, (vii) Mars
(iv) Moon
In which part of the sky can you find Venus if it is visible as an evening star ? [NCERT]
Venus appears in the western sky as an evening star.
What is full moon day ?
The day on which the whole disc of the moon is visible is known as the full moon day.
Can you see the back side of the moon from the earth ?
No, we cannot see the back side of the moon from the earth.
Does the moon have atmosphere and water ?
No, moon doesn't have atmosphere or Water.
Can you hear sound on the moon ?
No, we cannot hear sound on the moon because there is no medium in which sound can travel.
What is an orbit ?
The path taken by planets to revolve around the sun is called an orbit.
Why do the planets not collide while revolving around the sun ?
Planets move in their own orbits, so they don't collide with each other.
Is the earth a satellite of the sun ?
No, even though the earth revolves around the sun but it is not a satellite of the sun, because satellites revolve around the planets.
Why is it difficult to observe Mercury ?
Mercury is closest to the sun, so it is hidden by the glare of the sun. So, it cannot be seen.
Name two planets having no satellites.
Mercury and Venus.
What are meteor showers ?
When the earth crosses the tail of the comet, swarms of meteors are seen, known as meteor showers.
What is meant by remote sensing ?
Collecting information from a distance by satellites is known as remote sensing.
Name any three celestial bodies.
The stars, Sun and Moon are celestial bodies.
Why do we classify the Sim as a star ?
The Sun is a star because it continuously emits light and heat. It appears large as compared to other stars because it is nearer to the Earth.
Name the planets that were known to ancient astronomers.
The planets known to ancient astronomers were Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.
The artificial satellites are used for ………., ……., ……….. and …………
Long distance communication, research, remote sensing and defence.
Which of the following is a star ?
Alpha Centuari
Diebos
Alpha Centuari.
Ursa Major is
seen only with a telescope
a natural satellite of Mars
a constellation.
The stone like objects entering the Earth's atmosphere appear as …………. of …………. at night and these are called …………
Streak, light, meteors.
A celestial body that appears to change its position with respect to the stars is called ………….
Which planet is nearest to the Earth ?
Venus.
Name two planets which are near to the Sun.
Which planet moves in a different plane ?
Pluto.
Which planet of the solar system is the hottest ?
What are asteroids ?
They are very small planets of rock and metal which revolve around Sun mainly between Mars and Jupiter.
Name the branch of science which deals with the study of the universe.
What is the shape of the Earth ?
The Earth is not a perfect sphere, but is somewhat flattened at the poles and is bulging at the equator.
What is solar system ?
The sun and the nine planets along with their natural satellites constitute the solar system.
What are meteorites ?
A part of meteor which fails to bum in Earth's atmosphere and reaches the surface of Earth is called meteorite.
Name the comet, which reappears after 76 years.
Halley's comet.
Give the other name of meteors.
Shooting stars.
Why does the sun not appear like other stars ?
The sun appears bigger and hotter as compared to other stars because it is very close to the Earth.
What is atmosphere ?
The Earth is surrounded by an envelope of air known as atmosphere.
Name the galaxy in which our solar system is situated.
Milky way.
How many galaxies are there in the universe ?
Hundred billion galaxies.
How many stars are present in each galaxy ?
Each galaxy consists of 100 billion stars.
Name the astronauts who landed on the Moon in 1969.
Niel Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin.
Mention any two differences between natural and artificial satellites. [ATS 2008]
Natural Satellite Artificial Satellite
(i) A celestial body revolving around a planet is called a natural satellite.
(ii) It cannot be used in any way. (i) A man-made satellite revolving around the Earth is called an artificial satellite.
(ii) It can be used for telecommunication and remote sensing.
How is the tail of a comet formed ? [DAV2008]
When a comet comes near the sun, some of its ice turns into gas. Gas and loose dust, freed from ice create a long illuminating tail behind it.
Venus is hotter than mercury, though it is farther away from Sun. Why ? [DAV2008, 06]
Venus contains a higher percentage of carbon dioxide. So, the greenhouse effect is more by the trapping of the infrared rays of the sun.
Define light year. What is the relation between light year and kilometers ? [ATS 2007]
One light year is the distance travelled by light in one year.
1 light year = 9.46 * 1012 km.
Give any two points of difference between comets and meteors. [DAV2007]
Comets Meteors
(i) Comets are heavenly bodies which revolve around the sun in an elliptical path.
(ii) Comets have a long illuminating tail. (i) Meteors are pieces of rocks floaing in space which get heated up on entering into earth's atmostphere.
(ii) Meteors do not have a tail.
Ursa Major and
Orion in a diagram. [NCERT]
Name a winter constellation which looks like a distorted W. Where is it visible ?
Cassiopeia is a winter constellation which looks like distorted W. It can be seen in the northern sky.
What is the cause of seasons on the earth ?
The axis of rotation of the earth is not perpendicular to the plane of its orbit. This tilt causes a change in seasons.
Differentiate between equator plane and orbital plane of the earth.
Equational plane is the plane of the equator. Orbital plane is the plane in which the earth revolves around the sun.
Name the red planet. How many moons does it have ?
Mars is the red planet. Mars has two nloons or natural satellites.
Name the planet which has rings around it. Give one main characteristic of this planet.
Saturn Has rings around it. Its main characteristic is that it is least dense among all the planets.
Give two main characteristics of Uranus.
Uranus rotates from east to west.
Uranus has a highly tilted rotational axis.
Name the terrestrial planets. Why are they called by this name ?
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. They are known as terrestrial planets because their structure is rocky similar to that of the Earth.
Draw a labelled diagram to show the position of the Earth in its orbit when the length of the day is longest in the Northern Hemisphere.
Name the planets that were discovered only after the invention of telescopes.
Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.
What is universe ? Name two different kinds of heavenly bodies found in the universe.
The vast unimaginable space which encompasses most distant stars, planet, etc., is called universe, Meteors and comets are the heavenly bodies in the universe.
Differentiate between meteors and stars.
(i) Meteors are pieces of rocks floaing in space which get heated up on entering into earth's atmostphere. (i) Star is a ball of glowing gases.
(ii) Meteors do not have light of their own. (ii) Stars have light of their own
Give the differences between galaxy and constellation.
Galaxy is a collection of stars consisting of millions of stars.
A constellation is a group of few stars whose arrangement can be compared to the figure of some animal or any other known material thing.
What is the source of energy in the Sun ?
Nuclear fusion of hydrogen nuclei to helium takes place in the Sim.
What are the differences between the stars and planets.
Stars Planets
(i) They are gaseous in nature.
(ii) There are billions of stars. (ii) They are made up of rocks and metals.
(ii) There are into planets.
Show the relative position of stars
(i) Cassiopiea
(ii) Leo Major
What is constellation ? Write two differences between a star and a constelation. [NCT 2011]
A constellation is a group of few Stars whose arrangement can be compared to the figure of some animal or any known material thing:
Star Constellation
(i) It is a ball of glowing gases and is single.
(ii) It does not remember any known figure or animal (i) A group of stars is known as constellation.
(ii) Its formation resembles sortie animal or other known figure.
What is the difference between meteors and meteorites ? [MSE (Chandigarh) 2007, 2006]
Meteors Meteorites
Meteors are pieces of rocks floating in space which get heated up on entering the earth's atmosphere. Meteorites are meteors which do not bum in earth's atmosphere and reach the surface of Earth.
Name the:
star nearest to the earth.
two natural satellites of Mars.
minor bodies of the solar system that are sometimes able to reach the earth.
Sun is the star nearest to the earth.
Phobos and Deimos are two natural satellites of Mars.
Meteorites are minor bodies that are sometimes able to reach the earth.
Name all the planets of the solar system in the order of their distance from Sun. [MSE (Chandigarh) 2006]
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.
What do you understand by a constellation ? Give two examples. [MSE (Chandigarh) 2005]
Constellation are group of stars that appear to form a pattern, resembling a human figure or animal, e.g. Ursa major and Orion.
What is a shooting star ? Why does it bum completely before reaching the earth's surface ? [DAV2005]
Shooting star are the heavenly bodies consisting of small pieces of stones and metallic rocks travelling at very high speed. They are also known as meteors.
When meteors enter the earth's atmosphere, they get heated up due to air friction and hence bum completely."
Explain the structure of the moon.
The moon's surface is dusty and barren and has craters of different sizes. It also has a large number of steep and high mountains.
Draw the diagram of Orion and explain it.
Orion is a winter constellation having seven or eight bright stars. It is also called the hunter as the three middle stars represent the belt of the hunter. The four bright stars appear to be arranged in the form of a quadrilateral
How can you locate the star-Sirius ?
The star-Sirius is the brightest star in the sky and is located close to Orion. Imagine a straight line passing through the three middle stars. Look along this line towards east. This line will lead you to the Sirius.
Name the natural satellite of the Earth.
In how many days this satellite completes one revolution around the Earth ?
In how many days this satellite revolves around its own axis ?
Moon is the natural satellite of the Earth.
The Moon takes 271 days to revolve around the Earth.
The Moon takes 271 days to spin on its own axis.
Name the star nearest to the Earth (except Sun).
How much time does the light from this star take to reach the Earth ?
Name the gas found in stars.
Proxima Centuari is the star nearest to Earth except Sun.
It's light takes 4.5 years to reach the Earth.
Hydrogen gas is present in the star.
Explain how artificial satellites help in transmission of television programmes over large areas. [MSE (Chandigarh) 2007]
The picture and sound to be transmitted is first converted into electrical signals. These electrical signals are then converted into a special type of waves and transmitted in air from a transmitting antenna. The artificial satellites have special instruments which receive the signals transmitted by the earth stations. The signals so received are then amplified and retransmitted, by the artificial satellite that finally reach the televisions at different areas.
Why is the distance between stars expressed in light years ? What do you understand by the statement that a star is eight light years away from the earth ? [NCERT]
The distance between the stars is millions of kilometers, so it is not convenient to express it in kilometers. It is expressed in light years. This means that light from this star 8 years to reach the Earth.
The radius of Jupiter is 11 times the radius of the Earth. Calculate the ratio of the volumes of Jupiter and the Earth. How many Earths can Jupiter accomodate ? [NCERT]
Considering the planets to be sphere.
Volume of sphere = 4πr3/3
Suppose radius of earth r
Volume of Earth = 4πr3/3
Volume of Jupiter = 4π(11r)3/3
Volume of Jupiter/Volume of Earth = 4π/3 : 1331r3
Volume of Jupiter : Volume of Earth = 1331 : 1
Boojho made the following sketch (Fig.) of the solar system. Is the sketch correct ? If not, correct it. [NCERT]
No, the diagram is not correct. For correct diagram, please refer to Ans. 8 [5 Marks].
Give reasons why life is possible only on earth.
Earth is the only planet having life because
It is situated just at the right distance from the sun.
It has the correct temperature for living organisms.
Presence of water on earth.
Suitable atmosphere around the earth.
It has a blanket of ozone.
Name the Jovian Planets. Give their general characteristics.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are known as Jovian planets. Their general characteristics are
They are mainly gaseous.
Mass and size of the outer planets are very large.
They have a ring system around them.
They have a large number of moons.
Name the star nearest to the Earth.
Why does it appear brighter and hotter than other stars ?
How much time is required for light to reach the Earth from this star ?
Give the composition of this star.
What is the source of energy of this star ?
The Sun appears brighter and hotter than other stars because it is nearest to the Earth as compared to other stars.
The light from the Sun reaches the Earth in 8 minutes and 20 seconds.
The Sim consists of 70% hydrogen gas, 28% helium gas and 2% of heavier elements such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, etc. ,
In the Sun nuclear fusion of hydrogen to helium, with the release of large amount of energy takes place.
Draw a labelled diagram of solar system.
Compare the solar system with the structure of atom.
Similarities Differences
(i) In an atom, the protons and neutrons are tightly packed in the nucleus and electrons revolve around it in fixed orbits. (i) In an atom, the electrons can jump from one orbit to another.
(ii) In the solar system,' the Sun is in the centre and the planets revolve around it in fixed orbits. (ii) In the solar system, the planets remain in their orbits. They cannot change their orbits.
What is meant by revolution of Earth ?
What is meant by rotation of Earth ?
What is the direction of rotation of Earth ?
How much time is required for rotation of Earth ?
How much time is required for one revolution of Earth ?
The motion of the Earth around the sun is called revolution.
The spinning of the Earth about its own axis is called rotation of the Earth.
The earth spins from west to east.
One complete rotation of the Earth takes 24 hours.
One complete revolution of the Earth takes 365 1/4 days.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 17 MCQs
Out of the following, the only one that is a Galaxy, is
(a) Alpha centuari
(b) Jupiter
(c) Halley's comet
(d) The Milky Way
The constellation, of which pole star is a part, is
(a) Ursa Major
(b) Ursa Minor
(c) Orion
(d) Scorpio
The large number of rocky objects, that lie between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, are known as
(a) Comets
(b) Asteroids
(c) Meteorites
d) Meteors
The largest planet in the solar system is
(b) Earth
(c) Jupiter
(d) Uranus
Which one of the following is better known as morning and evening star ?
(c) Proxima centauri
(d) Venus


An ecosystem must lie between a source of usable energy and a sink for degraded (heat) energy. What would happen if an ecosystem were suddenly closed to all energy, neither receiving nor giving energy to the outside?
Biomass refers to the amount of organic matter. The Earth's biomass may be measured in units of ________. The change in biomass is called ________.
What is meant by energy "fixation"?
Energy content of organic matter varies. Which type of organic matter contains the least amount of energy?
The second law of thermodynamics states that when energy is transformed from one form to another, it always goes from a more useful form to a less useful form. We also know that living organisms create order from disorder and create useful forms of energy. Is Life a violation of the second law of thermodynamics?
No, because organisms create greater overall disorder in the process of creating order locally.
Why might a stream or river, especially one in a humid area, have a much higher proportion of heterotrophs to autotrophs?
Which one of the following is a fundamental distinction between life and the non-living environment?
Bacteria are important residents of the soil because they can carry out chemical reactions that no other life forms are capable of. Which of the following is not a function performed by bacteria?
Which of the following terms refers to a region that is inhabited by a characteristic set of taxa, with boundaries that prevent the spread of the distinctive kinds of life to other regions and the immigration of foreign species?
Common vegetation in the __________ biome include deciduous trees, and dominant animals tend to be small mammals, birds, and insects.
__________ are dominated by dense stands of low vegetation sometimes known as "chaparral" that occurs in climates with seasonally-concentrated rainfall.
__________ occur in areas of high temperatures and where precipitation is abundant and distributed relatively evenly throughout the year.
The __________ biome consists of areas alternately exposed to air and covered by ocean water.
In the __________ biome, typical vegetation may include small trees such as mangroves, shrubs, sedges, and mosses. Animals may include mammals, reptiles, snakes, birds, as well as invertebrates such as crabs or clams.
In the __________ biome, sulfur-rich brines and chemosynthetic bacteria form the base of the food chain.
__________ refers to the bottom of the ocean.
__________ are treeless plains in areas of low annual temperatures and low rainfall.
Also known as boreal forest, __________consist(s) of forests located at high altitude or high latitude.
Which of the following is true about islands compared to larger landmasses or continents?
Which population is most likely to exhibit an evolutionary response to a change in its environment?
Which population of predators is potentially most stable?
Which of the following are able to decompose organic matter?
Which of the following statements is true about omnivores?
Green plants, algae and certain bacteria produce sugar through the process of photosynthesis. To which trophic level do they belong to?
The simplest ecosystem needs _________ to function properly.
Which of the following cycles involves the movement of water from the surface of the Earth through the atmosphere back to the surface of the Earth?
Which of the following is not true about the first law of thermodynamics?
How does erosion affect the global carbon cycle?
An element with a gaseous phase under conditions at the surface of the Earth tends to ____________ much more rapidly than an element without a gas phase.
The rock cycle depends on the ________ cycle to lift mass above sea level and the ________ cycle to supply the force of erosion.
Which of the following examples describes the S-shaped curve according to which a population grows rapidly but eventually reaches a constant population?
Which of the following examples describes the maximum number of a particular species that an environment can support without degrading the environment?
Which of the following examples describes the movement of a nation from a high population growth to a low population growth?
In a developing country, chronic diseases account for a _________ proportion of total mortality. Acute diseases account for a _________ proportion of total mortality.
Which of the following parameters is/are necessary to describe exponential population growth?
Which of the following are associated with natural systems that have long residence times (for example, underground aquifers)?
A ____________ type of feedback mechanism functions as a _______________ process for the system as a whole.
The herd of caribou on Edwardan Island was measured in 1959. At that time, there were 20 animals, and the herd was growing at a steady rate of 14% annually. What was the doubling time of the herd?
A chemical spill has occurred on the shore of a lake in an area where the underlying aquifer is widely used as a drinking water supply. The pollutants threaten to flow into both the surface water and the groundwater. The residence time of water in the lake is short, and the residence time in the groundwater is long. Which of the following statements is correct?
When did the most dramatic increase in the history of the human population occur?
It has been said that the total human impact on the environment is the product of the average impact of each individual times the number of individuals. According to this scheme, how would the impact of one additional person in an industrialized country (A) compare with the impact of one additional person in an undeveloped nation (B) and why?
What is the carrying capacity of the Earth for humans?
The total amount of food produced each year worldwide is sufficient to feed all the world's people today. Why do famines nevertheless occur?
Unlike the Ancient Greek philosophers who developed a theoretical approach to science by asking "why?", modern scientists asked "how does it work". What method of thinking was developed as a result of this approach?
Premise: A straight line is the shortest distance between two points.
Premise: The line from A to B is the shortest distance between points A and B.
Conclusion: Therefore, the line from A to B is a straight line.
Science and technology are often confused with each other. Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding science and technology?
Which of the following statements is not true about assumptions of science?
Science is the search for __________ of the natural world, while technology is the search for __________ the natural world for human benefit.
The conclusion of an inductive proof is more ____________ than the conclusion of a deductive proof.


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text:
package com.orientechnologies.orient.core.serialization.serializer.binary.impl;

import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;

import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.serialization.serializer.binary.OBinarySerializer;

/**
 * Serializer for  {@link com.orientechnologies.orient.core.metadata.schema.OType#DATETIME}
 *
 * @author ibershadskiy Ilya Bershadskiy
 * @since 20.01.12
 */
public class ODateTimeSerializer implements OBinarySerializer<Date> {
	public static ODateTimeSerializer INSTANCE = new ODateTimeSerializer();
	public static final byte ID = 5;

	public int getObjectSize(Date object) {
		return OLongSerializer.LONG_SIZE;
	}

	public void serialize(Date object, byte[] stream, int startPosition) {
		Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
		calendar.setTime(object);
		OLongSerializer longSerializer = OLongSerializer.INSTANCE;
		longSerializer.serialize(calendar.getTimeInMillis(), stream, startPosition);
	}

	public Date deserialize(byte[] stream, int startPosition) {
		Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
		OLongSerializer longSerializer = OLongSerializer.INSTANCE;
		calendar.setTimeInMillis(longSerializer.deserialize(stream, startPosition));
		return calendar.getTime();
	}

	public int getObjectSize(byte[] stream, int startPosition) {
		return OLongSerializer.LONG_SIZE;
	}

	public byte getId() {
		return ID;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Globe Finds Community Works as Net-Business Model
By Robin FrostThe Wall Street Journal Interactive Edition
"Community" has become the latest Internet business model to show some signs of viability.
Web sites are cropping up that are devoted solely to on-line social interaction. Established commerce and content sites are adding communications applications, hoping to create a more direct relationship with site visitors and engender loyalty in them. On-line community are seen as captive audiences for on-line advertisers and merchants, and a way to keep people coming back.
WebGenesis Inc.'s the Globe, an on-line community founded in 1994 by two Cornell University undergraduates, is one that may actually be living up to the hype. It counts among its advisers and investors David Horowitz, founder and chief executive of MTV, and David Duffield, president and chief executive of PeopleSoft.
Just last month, Michael Egan, former owner of Alamo Rent-a-Car, invested $20 million in WebGenesis because, as Ed Cespedes, managing director of Mr. Egan's Dancing Bear Investments, Fort Lauderdale, Fla., says, "It's a place where people come to interact. ... the Globe is able to integrate the right services in such a way that people are willing to pay for it and come back. That's a good starting point for building a very substantial community."
Already, WebGenesis claims the Globe has somewhere in the neighborhood of 600,000 members, the majority of whom pay a $25 annual subscription fee. That comes out to somewhere in the neighborhood of $15 million a year in subscription fees alone. Esther Loewy, WebGenesis' media relations manager, says that 50,000 to 60,000 new members join every month.


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