text:
TRANSFORM Master Trainers (Português)
TRANSFORM Advisory Board
TRANSFORM Master Trainers
Addis Yibzawork
Arthur Ngasani
Abidemi Coker
Cathy Chames
Consolata Ntoburi
Dampu Ndenzaku
About(active tab)
WHAT IS TRANSFORM?
TRANSFORM is an innovative learning initiative on the implementation of national social protection floors in Africa. Social protection floors are nationally defined sets of basic social security guarantees which secure protection aimed at preventing or alleviating poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion. TRANSFORM promotes critical thinking and builds capacity at national and subnational levels to improve the design, effectiveness and efficiency of social protection systems. It focuses on non-contributory social protection schemes and programmes.
Key to TRANSFORM is the creation of a movement of skilled social protection leaders in Africa to support transformational change utilising state-of-the-art knowledge through internationally informed and locally relevant materials. By supporting the creation and management of nationally defined SP floors which provide minimum social protection guarantees against poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion, the TRANSFORM initiative is aligned to the 2030 Leave No One Behind Agenda and specifically contributes to the achievement of SDG 1 and its target 1.3 in Africa.
WHY TRANSFORM?
Many training courses exist in the field of social protection and fundamental theories, concepts, approaches and techniques are accessible. However, the complexity of developing a broad, encompassing and functional social protection system remains a challenge for the relevant institutions. Thus, a transformational approach to teaching and knowledge sharing is required to bridge the gap between theory and implementation. TRANSFORM empowers learners to handle the complexities of their own social protection systems, appreciate diversity and uniqueness, own and implement creative solutions suitable for their contexts. All these elements are as important as the technical knowledge itself.
e-TRANSFORM
The TRANSFORM e-course is an adaption of the TRANSFORM training package and proposed activities from the face-to-face training. The e-course's curriculum integrates several content areas, elements and activities and it is hosted on socialprotection.org Virtual Campus, using Moodle technology. The course virtual environment provides easy navigation through the content and proposes different types of interactive and collaborative activities.
On the e-course, learners are expected to accomplish the activities and assignments, organized in 10 modules, within the given deadlines. However, they are given the opportunity to schedule their study sessions at their own pace.
General e-course format: Mostly asynchronous tutor-led Online Course.
Target audience: Senior technical-strategic level government officials from Africa.
Objective: Aims to build critical thinking and capacities of policy makers and practitioners at national and decentralised levels to improve the design, effectiveness and efficiency of social protection systems in Africa.
Methodology: Experiential learning (learning by doing) + collaboration.
Student's workload: approximately 5 hours per week.
Duration: 10 weeks.
Evaluation: Participants are assessed by their engagement in the Forums, by the participation in the Individual Activities and by the delivery of the Final Assignment, which is expected to embrace participants' main reflections upon the L&T Activities related to Leadership & Transformation.
e-TRANSFORM STRUCTURE
The TRANSFORM e-course is organised in a modular structure offering 10 modules:
Introduction Module
Selection & Identification
Financing and Financial Management
Final Module
The e-course counts with a variety of learning materials, such as videos, interactive slides, quizzes, forums and collaborative group discussions that enable interaction with fellow participants, to facilitate knowledge exchange on designing effective social protection systems.
To further support participants, the e-course counts with a group of e-facilitators and one e-tutor, who provide guidance on the contents and encourage discussions, making sure that tge learning objectives are met. Participants also enjoy the support of the IPC-IG's team, who provides adminsitrative and technical help.
TRANSFORM DISTINCTIVE FEATURES
A strong regional orientation: TRANSFORM was developed by African and Africa-based experts to respond to the specific challenges and opportunities of building national social protection floors in Africa.
Promotion of regional training and facilitation expertise in social protection through the development of a pool of accredited TRANSFORM Master Trainers
A unique pedagogical approach, with cutting-edge technical content focusing on leadership and transformation.
A curriculum that is adaptable to context-specific circumstances and needs and that is freely accessible as a public good.
Focused on filling the "implementation gap", by providing technical guidance to social protection practitioners engaged in the administration and governance of social protection programmes .
Guided by an Advisory Group of like-minded partner agencies committed to social protection system strengthening in Africa, provides strategic guidance to the TRANSFORM initiative.
TRANSFORM targets social protection practitioners seeking to enrich their knowledge base and embark on a leadership and transformation process. Specifically, TRANSFORM is targeted at African government officials, at national and sub-national levels (e.g. provincial, district), who engage with social protection policy and programme oversight, formulation and implementation.
The package mainly aims at the following "user groups":
Policy makers – responsible for political decision-making;
Senior technical advisors - responsible for strategic level planning and programming; and
Mid-/Lower technical officers – responsible for the delivery of SP programs and services.
TRANSFORM's action-based and experiential teaching methodology is centred on the promotion of change and transformation. It offers state of the art knowledge on social protection relevant to African countries within the working environment of participants. Recognising that knowledge is already in the room, TRANSFORM seeks to highlight that knowledge in a structured manner. This constitutes the first step in the participants' leadership journey, outlined through their personal commitments to establish change in their social protection programmes following the training.
DELIVERED THROUGH REGIONAL EXPERTS
By fostering linkages with regional and national social protection institutions and research centres, the TRANSFORM initiative has supported throughout the years the creation of a roster of regional trainers – the TRANSFORM "Master Trainers".
The Master Trainers are accredited through the TRANSFORM Initiative. They constitute a select group of experts eligible for direct or fast-track contracting by regional stakeholders to deliver TRANSFORM trainings. Together with the curriculum and its pedagogical approach, Master Trainers are a key component of the TRANSFORM initiative and play an important role in its promotion and development. They contribute to seek out opportunities for applications in their own countries and support the periodic review and update of materials.
As of January 2020, 56 social protection experts from 29 African countries have become TRANSFORM Master Trainers. They include a new cohort of 12 French and Arabic speakers, who recently completed the Training of Trainers (ToT), the first step towards full accreditation to deliver the TRANSFORM curriculum in their respective languages.
ACCREDITED TRANSFORM MASTER TRAINERS
Abidemi Coker (Zambia)
Addis Yibzawork (Ethiopia)
Andre Bongestabs (Brazil)
Arthur Ngasani (Tanzania)
Cathy Chames (South Africa)
Cesaltina Abreu (Angola)
Daniel Hailu (Ethiopia)
Flora Myamba (Tanzania)
Getachew Berhanu (Ethiopia)
Ivan Langa (Mozambique)
Juliet Malamba (Malawi) [in memoriam]
Mavlinda Cabral (Cape Verde)
Mawutor Ablo (Ghana)
Moonga Mumba (Zambia)
Mutale Wakunuma (Zambia)
Mwenya Kapasa (Zambia)
Nkatha Ntoburi (Kenya)
Patience Matandiko (Zambia)
Portia Kekana (South Africa)
Rania AbdelNaeem (Egypt)
Sam Chipala (Malawi)
Samuel Ochieng (Kenya)
Sarah Mshiu (Tanzania)
Stanfield Michelo (Zambia)
Tomas Fuel (Mozambique)
Victor Ogharanduku (Nigeria)
Victor Peter Matayataya (Malawi)
Zororo Gandah (Zimbabwe)
HISTORY & GOVERNANCE
TRANSFORM was developed since 2015 with financial and technical support from Irish Aid and the European Union Social Protection Systems Programme (EU-SPS), particularly the Government of Finland.
In 2016, the AU officially recommended the training package be made available to all African countries, thus furthering its development and promotion. African social protection experts and Africa-based officials of the International Labour Organisation (ILO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) collaborated to the creation of the TRANSFORM curriculum, with technical support from Ingenious Peoples Knowledge (IPK).
Training applications, curriculum development and review continue to be supported primarily through country level technical and financial assistance of partner agencies that include the ILO, UNDP, UNICEF, World Food Programme (WFP) and donors, including the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), beside different multi-donor funding arrangements. TRANSFORM online and face-to-face applications continue to be delivered in partnership with socialprotection.org (IPC-IG) and Learn to Lead.
Find more information on TRANSFORM on this brochure.
You can also contact the TRANSFORM initiative at: [email protected]
OUR PARTNERS AND DONORS
Disclaimers and Rights
The content of this manual does not reflect the official position of the different organizations supporting the TRANSFORM initiative.
TRANSFORM is a public good. All TRANSFORM materials are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Everybody is free to use the materials provided that:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes, unless expressly authorized by the licensor.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
For more information contact the TRANSFORM initiative.
Regional focus:
Institutional Contact Name:
Institutional Email:
Social Protection Programmes :
Expenditure and financing
Governance and coordination
Benefits payment / delivery
Feedback and complaints mechanisms
Informations Systems (MIS, Social Registry, Integrated Registry)
Programme design
Conditionalities


text:
Ransomware Hits the News – Again!
By Andrew Williams, Online Safety Consultant
If you're a Garmin user, you won't have failed to notice that the Garmin service was offline for several days at the end of July 2020. Whilst Garmin themselves were initially rather quiet about the reason behind the outage, a statement was released that highlighted the cause of the outage – ransomware.
Garmin Ltd. was the victim of a cyber attack that encrypted some of our systems on July 23, 2020. As a result, many of our online services were interrupted…
It's no surprise to many of us in the Information Security world that ransomware has again struck a large, multi-national operation. Many companies, small and large are at risk of attack in this way. If someone as large as Garmin can be attacked successfully, it's just as likely that your SME, school, college or university could be attacked too.
Here's a few things to think about:
BACKUP! Honestly, there's nothing more important and simpler than backing up your data. Back up regularly to cloud and local, hardware-based solutions too. If your device gets compromised/encrypted, all you have to do is clean the device, re-install a backup and you're good to go again. Super-easy, super quick, limited business downtime.
AWARENESS! We're all a little bit laissez-faire and fatigued by security warnings. But…honestly, it's the best form of protection. Often, malware and hackers gain access to your systems because the user allows them in! So, please, don't forget to continue to raise awareness of risks.
UPDATE! Keep all your software up-to-date, those annoying updates and subsequent reboots are essential to protect your devices. The updates close security holes and help keep hackers out.
PROTECT! Use anti-virus and anti-malware to protect your devices and keep this updated too.
DEFEND! Talk to your network solutions provider and ensure that they have set everything they can to prevent exploits attacking your network. Set up your firewalls properly and keep unwanted traffic out.
SWGfL is proud to partner with TrendMicro and have negotiated preferential rates for education establishments on their products. Answer our short eligibility questions and purchase today.
TrendMicro also feature as a solutions provider on the NoMoreRansom website. Provided by the National High Tech Crime Unit of the Netherlands' police, Europol's European Cybercrime Centre, the site helps users recover data after attack by some of the known ransomware types. TrendMicro, along with other providers are able to decrypt certain ransomware families. NoMoreRansom maintains a lists of families that can be decrypted. TrendMicro have produced a knowledgebase article about how to configure systems to prevent ransomware, with links to families they can decrypt.
Hackers don't take summer holidays, so whilst it may be quiet for schools, colleges and universities during the summer break, now is the time to prepare, maintain and verify that your systems still remain secure.
Access TrendMicro Here!
Security Software from Bitdefender
Cyberbullying Research Shows Need for More Online Safety Training
Recent cyber-bullying research conducted by the Early Intervention Foundation has shown that only a third of professionals working with adolescents were 'equipped to help stop cyberbullying'. Find out what was found and why there is a need for more online safety training.
Cyber Security – It Doesn't Have to be Complicated
Despite the complexity we may associate cyber security with, the basics are fundamentally down to how we as individuals respond to oncoming attacks. Beyond the security software and privacy features we may include, we are ultimately there as a last line of defence. Find out more in this article
Tickets Now Available for Cyber Secure Schools - Preventing Digital Crime
We are pleased to join with Bitdefender along with some of the leading experts in online security to bring you a free CSS event, Cyber Secure Schools taking place on Wednesday 13th October at 13:00. Book your free tickets here!
Receive Complementary Bitdefender Security Software by Completing This Survey
The first 150 schools to fill in this survey will receive five complimentary licences for Bitdefender Total Security Software for use at home, as a thank you for helping us gather research around cyber security in schools.
Google Drive Security Update – What You Need to Know
Google has announced that they will be undergoing a security update on Google Drive on the 13th September 2021 that may result in changes to user files and how they are shared with others online. Find out what you need to know.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
echo "
This script will install the necessary dependencies to run Facade in either
headless mode or using the web UI.  It will install Apache and the required PHP
packages.  You can use either the web UI or the CLI to configure Facade and
export analysis data.

Installing any missing dependencies...
"

sudo apt-get install apache2 mysql-client mysql-server php-cli php-mysql \
python3 python3-mysqldb libapache2-mod-php php-dom php-curl python3-bcrypt \
python3-xlsxwriter python3-texttable

echo "
If everything went well, your next step is to run setup:
 $ ./setup.py
"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


recording a change of name at the Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages.
originals or certified copies of two forms of evidence, one from list A and one from list B below, for the party whose name is to be changed. Copies of documents must be certified as a true copy of the original by a Justice of the Peace or a Legal Practitioner.
I have changed my name by use and repute but have not registered a Deed Poll or Instrument Evidencing Change of Name. What evidence do I need?
Where you have changed your name without registering a Deed Poll or Instrument Evidencing Change of Name you must state the full circumstances under which you have used your new name at part 3 on the statutory declaration. Plus two other forms of documentary evidence as indicated in LPI Circular 2009/08 (PDF 70 kb).
I have changed my name by registering a Deed Poll or Instrument Evidencing Change of Name. What evidence do I need?
In Item 3 of the statutory declaration you must include the registration number of the Deed Poll or Instrument Evidencing Change of Name and state that the person named in the Deed Poll or Instrument Evidencing Change of Name is same with the person recorded as registered proprietor. Plus one other form of documentary evidence from List B as indicated in LPI Circular 2009/08 (PDF 70 kb).
Where you have changed your name by marriage you must complete part 2 of the statutory declaration stating the date and place of your marriage and the name of your spouse. You must attach a copy (certified by a Justice of the Peace or Solicitor to be a true copy) of the Marriage Certificate to the form. Plus one other form of documentary evidence from List B as indicated in LPI Circular 2009/08 (PDF 70 kb).
I have changed by name by naturalization. What evidence do I need?
Where you have changed your name by naturalisation you must attach a copy (certified by a Justice of the Peace or Solicitor to be a true copy) of the naturalisation certificate to the form. You should also state in part 3 of the statutory declaration that you changed your name by naturalisation and the date and place that the naturalisation took place. Plus one other form of documentary evidence from List B as indicated in LPI Circular 2009/08 (PDF 70 kb).
Where you have changed your name by recording your change of name at the Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, a full copy (certified by a Justice of the Peace or Solicitor to be a true copy) of your Birth Certificate or your Change of Name Certificate must be attached to the form. You should also state in part 3 of the Statutory Declaration that you recorded your change of name at the Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages. Plus one other form of documentary evidence from List B as indicated in LPI Circular 2009/08 (PDF 70 kb).
I have changed my name and was born overseas but do not have evidence indicated in List A of LPI Circular 2009/08. What evidence do I need?
In circumstances where a proprietor, who is staying on title, wishes to change their name, two forms of documentary evidence from List B in LPI Circular 2009/08 (PDF 70 kb) is required.
Must provide evidence of a change of name by way of a certificate of incorporation under the Corporations Act 2001, or other appropriate evidence of the change of name under the relevant legislation.
LPI will make copies of any original documents and return them to the lodging party. Copies of evidence provided will be maintained in LPI records but will not be made available to the public. Any document images will not include images of the evidence provided.
How do I change the name of an owner on a Certificate of Title who is coming off the title as an owner?
If you are lodging a Transfer document, a Statutory Declaration lodged with your documents describing the name change will be sufficient.
If you do not have access to the Internet, a Change of Name form and instructions for completion can be posted to you – call T: 1300 052 637.
A NOS form is used to notify Council and other rating authorities of the change of name.
Panels 1, 2 and 5 only on the Notice of Sale form need to be completed.
Customers are able to complete and lodge notices of sale (NOS) online using LPI's electronic notice of sale form (eNOS) available from the Online shop or hard copy versions can be obtained from our Sydney office or law stationers. LPI can post one to you – call T: 1300 052 637.
The current edition the Certificate of Title to your land will need to be lodged with the Change of Name and Notice of Sale form.
What if a mortgage is registered over the property?
You will need to contact the mortgagee (lender) and ask them to produce your Certificate of Title, prior to lodgment at Land and Property Information to allow for a Change of Name. The mortgagee will advise you on their costs and procedures for producing your title.
Do I get a new Certificate of Title?
Once a Change of Name has been registered, a new Certificate of Title will issue showing the new name of the owner.


text:
"Yes to life, no to mining:" An update on the Xinka resistance to the Escobal minenisgua_admin2022-03-28T22:15:45+00:00
A section of a popular education graphic by Xinka Parliament and CODIDENA. The sign reads "The Xinka People protect natural resources."
"Yes to life, no to mining:" An update on the Xinka resistance to the Escobal mine
Leer este informe en español
For over a decade, impacted communities have resisted the illegally-imposed Escobal mine. Tahoe Resources, a U.S.-Canadian company, first opened the mine, which is on one of the largest silver reserves in the world. Since the first whispered rumors of the mine, community members have defended their territories through reclaiming Indigenous Xinka identities, art, direct action, legal cases, community consultations, and so much more.
In 2017, the resistance achieved what many had thought was impossible: thanks to legal and direct action, a Guatemalan court ordered the mine to suspend operations. In financial ruin, in 2019 Tahoe Resources was forced to sell the mine to Pan American Silver (PAS), a Canadian company. PAS has continued to violate Indigenous Xinka territory and human rights by insisting on re-establishing mining operations. The resistance remains firm in their opposition to the mine given its negative impacts on the land and people.
READ THE FULL REPORT HERE


text:
Q: Unable to execute maven project I have changed my project from Java to Maven. Now trying to execute my script.
Not getting where I am incorrect and how to run my complete framework using maven.
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>1MyProjectName</groupId>
  <artifactId>1MyProjectName</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>1MyProjectNameAllDevices</name>
  <description>Testing for multiple devices using remote server access.</description>
  <build>
    <sourceDirectory>src</sourceDirectory>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>src</directory>
        <excludes>
          <exclude>**/*.java</exclude>
        </excludes>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.3</version>
        <configuration>
          <source>1.7</source>
          <target>1.7</target>
           <mainClass>com.main.DriverScript</mainClass>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

A: Just delete the comment ...
   <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>1MyProjectName</groupId>
  <artifactId>1MyProjectName</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>1MyProjectNameAllDevices</name>
  <description>Testing for multiple devices using remote server access.</description>
  <build>
    <sourceDirectory>src</sourceDirectory>
    <resources>
      <resource>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <plugins>

    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

A: You can define all dependencies/jar files like below in pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 <groupId>1MyProjectName</groupId>
 <artifactId>1MyProjectName</artifactId>
 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
 <name>1MyProjectNameAllDevices</name>
 <description>Testing for multiple devices using remote server access.
 </description>
 <build>
  <sourceDirectory>src</sourceDirectory>
  <resources>
   <resource>
    <directory>src</directory>
    <excludes>
       <exclude>"**/*.java"</exclude> //remove "", comment when you copy this code.
    </excludes>
   </resource>
  </resources>
 </build>
 <dependencies>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>junit</groupId>
  <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
  <version>4.8.2</version>
  <scope>test</scope>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
    <artifactId>selenium-java-2.45.0</artifactId>
    <groupId>..</groupId>
    <scope>system</scope>
    <systemPath>${user.home}/softwares/selenium-java-2.45.0.jar</systemPath>
    <version>2.45.0</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
    <artifactId>selenium-server-standalone-2.44.0</artifactId>
    <groupId>..</groupId>
    <scope>system</scope>
    <systemPath>${user.home}/softwares/selenium-server-standalone-2.44.0.jar</systemPath>
    <version>2.44.0</version>
 </dependency>
 </dependencies>
</project>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Category Archives: Montesquieu
from The Persian Letters
from Consideration of the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and Their Decline
from The Spirit of Laws
Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de la Bréde et de la Montesquieu, was a French political and social philosopher, jurist, satirist, and the first of the great French men of letters of the Enlightenment. Born at La Bréde near Bordeaux, Montesquieu was reared until the age of three by a peasant family, like Montaigne [q.v.], in order that he might acquire an understanding of the lower classes. In 1696, his mother died, leaving him the barony of La Bréde at age seven. He left for school in 1700, attending the Collège de Juilly and later the University of Bordeaux, where he studied law to become an advocate in 1708. In 1716, his uncle Jean-Baptiste died, leaving him the barony of Montesquieu and the deputy presidency of the Bordeaux Parliament, a position of some honor. In 1721, he published The Persian Letters, a satire of European (French) customs and society that made him famous.
After 10 years of service, Montesquieu sold his political office and, in 1728, left for a three-year tour of Europe and England that had a great effect on his political and aesthetic sensibilities. By 1734, he finished his Consideration of the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and Their Decline. In this work, which exhibits his uniquely secular approach to history, Montesquieu argued that Rome's greatness was due to its adaptable institutions and martial values. In 1748, he published anonymously his best-known work, The Spirit of the Laws, a major and influential work of political theory. This work, among other things, outlined a classification of the different types of government—its notion of a separation of governmental powers, which Montesquieu derived from his observations of English government, influenced the Constitution of the United States—and examined the fundamental relationships that underlie the laws of a civilized society. Montesquieu declared history as the basis for human activity and viewed religion as a social phenomenon rather than an underlying force. In this respect, Montesquieu sought to establish a social science of man comparable to the natural sciences. He was committed to liberty as the key ingredient in a well-functioning civil society.
In The Persian Letters, Montesquieu employs a character drawn from a different society to criticize the usual arguments used against suicide in the Christian European west. In Considerations of the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and Their Decline, he addresses self-love and altruism, in effect lamenting the suicide of Cato; and in the brief passage provided here from The Spirit of the Laws, he differentiates between the "educated" socially conditioned, principled suicides of the Roman Stoics and the "unaccountable" suicides of the English, attributable primarily to mental illness.
Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de la Bréde et de la Montesquieu: The Persian Letters, Letter 76, tr. C. J. Betts. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1973. Considerations of the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and Their Decline, Ch. XII, pp. 113-118, tr. David Lowenthal. New York: Free Press, 1965. Available from the Constitution Society. The Spirit of the Laws, Book XIV, Ch. 12, p. 107, Great Books of the Western World, vol. 38, tr. Thomas Nugent and revised by J. V. Prichard. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, 1952. Available from the Constitution Society.
Letter 76: Usbek to his friend Ibben, at Smyrna
In Europe the law treats suicides with the utmost ferocity. They are put to death for a second time, so to speak; their bodies are dragged in disgrace through the streets and branded, to denote infamy, and their goods are confiscated.
It seems to me, Ibben, that these laws are very unjust. When I am overcome by anguish, poverty, or humiliation, why must I be prevented from putting an end to my troubles, and harshly deprived of the remedy which lies in my power?
Why am I required to work for a society from which I consent to be excluded, and to submit against my will to a convention which was made without my participation? Society is based on mutual advantage, but when I find it onerous what is to prevent me renouncing it? Life was given to me as favour, so I may abandon it when it is one no longer; when the cause disappears, the effect should disappear also.
Would the king want me to be subject to him when I derive no advantages from being a subject? Can my fellow-citizens be so unfair as to drive me to despair for their conveniences? Is God to be different from every other benefactor, and is it his will that I should be condemned to accept favours which make me wretched?
I am obliged to obey the law so long as I continue to live under its authority, but when I no longer do so does it still apply to me?
But, it will be said, you are disturbing the providential order. God united your soul to your body, and you are separating them; you are therefore going against his intentions, and resisting him.
What does that imply? Am I disturbing the order of Providence when I modify the arrangement of matter and turn a sphere into a cube, when it had been given its spherical shape by the first laws of motion, that is to say the laws of creation and conservation? Of courts not: I am merely exercising a right which I have been given; and in this sense I could disrupt the whole of nature at will, and it would be impossible to say that I am opposing Providence.
When my soul is separated from my body, will the universe be less orderly or less well arranged? Do you believe that the new synthesis will be less perfect, or less dependent on general laws, or that the world will have lost anything by it? The works of God will be any the less great, or rather less immense? When my body has been turned into a grain of wheat, or a worm, or a piece of turf, do you think that these products of nature are less worthy of her? Or that when my soul has been purged of every terrestrial ingredient it will be less exalted?
All such ideas, my dear Ibben, originate in our pride alone. We do not realize our littleness, and in spite of everything we want to count for something in the universe, play a part, be a person of importance. We imagine that the annihilation of a being as perfect as ourselves would detract from nature as a whole, and we cannot conceive that one man more or less in the world, and indeed the whole of mankind a hundred million heads like ours, are only a minute, intangible speck, which God perceives simply because of the immensity of his knowledge.
From Paris, the 15th of the moon of Saphar, 1715
. . .Almost all ventures are spoiled by the fact that those who undertake them usually seek—in addition to the main objective—certain small, personal successes which flatter their self-love and give them self-satisfaction.
I believe that if Cato had preserved himself for the republic, he would have given a completely different turn to events. Cicero's talents admirably suited him for a secondary role, but he was not fit for the main one. His genius was superb, but his soul was often common. With Cicero, virtue was the accessory, with Cato, glory. Cicero always thought of himself first, Cato always forgot about himself. The latter wanted to save the republic for its own sake, the former in order to boast of it. . . .
Brutus and Cassius killed themselves with inexcusable precipitation, and we cannot read this chapter in their lives without pitying the republic which was thus abandoned. Cato had killed himself at the end of the tragedy; these began it, in a sense, by their death.
Several reasons can be given for this practice of committing suicide that was so common among the Romans: the advances of the Stoic sect, which encouraged it; the establishment of triumphs and slavery, which made many great men think they must not survive a defeat; the advantage those accused of some crime gained by bringing death upon themselves, rather than submitting to a judgment whereby their memory would be tarnished and their property confiscated; a kind of point of honor, more reasonable, perhaps, than that which today leads us to slaughter our friend for a gesture or word; finally, a great opportunity for heroism, each man putting an end to the part he played in the world wherever he wished.
We could add to these a great facility in executing the deed. When the soul is completely occupied with the action it is about to perform, with the motive determining it, with the peril it is going to avoid, it does not really see death, for passion makes us feel but never see.
Self-love, the love of our own preservation, is transformed in so many ways, and acts by such contrary principles, that it leads us to sacrifice our being for the love of our being. And such is the value we set on ourselves that we consent to cease living because of a natural and obscure instinct that makes us love ourselves more than our very life. It is certain that men have become less free, less courageous, less disposed to great enterprises than they were when, by means of this power which one assumed, one could at any moment escape from every other power.
Of the Laws against Suicides. We do not find in history that the Romans ever killed themselves without a cause; but the English are apt to commit suicide most unaccountably; they destroy themselves even in the bosom of happiness. This action among the Romans was the effect of education, being connected with their principles and customs; among the English it is the consequence of a distemper, being connected with the physical state of the machine, and independent of every other cause.
In all probability it is a defect of the filtration of the nervous juice: the machine, whose motive faculties are often unexerted, is weary of itself; the soul feels no pain, but a certain uneasiness in existing. Pain is a local sensation, which leads us to the desire of seeing an end of it; the burden of life, which prompts us to the desire of ceasing to exist, is an evil confined to no particular part.
It is evident that the civil laws of some countries may have reasons for branding suicide with infamy: but in England it cannot be punished without punishing the effects of madness.
Filed under Europe, Montesquieu, Selections, Stoicism, The Early Modern Period


Lyric was the star of January results after winning his last 3 starts within the month. This achievement was also followed up by the strong double completed by Private Secretary.
Lyric won his first start of his treble at Wyong on the 2nd January 2014 - a Class 1 event over 1100m journey, abely ridden by P Robl.
Lyrics next win was in a BENCHMARK 65 HANDICAP event at Gosford again over 1100m on the 17th January 2014. He was ridden well by the apprentice J Pracey-Holmes.
Lyrics hattrick came at his home track - Warwick Farm. On the 29th January he he won a NMW over 1100m ridden by T Berry. He win was posted just out side a class record time. Lyric has taken some time to put it all together but now is thriving.
Private Secretary after some time in the bush, was able to win her first race start & maiden win at Nowra on the 14th January 2014, over the distance of 1100m.
Private Secretary by Husson, was only having her second race start when again she was a winner. She won at Hawkesbury in a Class 1 event over 1300m, completing her double. SHe has developed into a lovely strong mare and the owners are thrilled with her impressive record.


text:
Cranoglanis multiradiatus is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van de stekelmeervallen (Cranoglanididae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1926 door Koller.

Cranoglanididae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Parckfarm is an NPO that owes its existence to the dynamism of citizens with the goal of maximising the use of public green space. The Parckfarm greenhouse is just behind the Boulevard du Jubilé bridge in the Tour & Taxis park.
This neighbourhood initiative brings together agricultural, social, educational and ecological activities.
For example, a bread oven for baking home-made pizzas and bread is available every Sunday (from April to October).
You can also sit at the large picknick table, while the whole site is surrounded by urban vegetable gardens.
Lots of workshops are held from March through to the end of the summer. Check out the Facebook page for more details and discover the secrets of the green world.


text:
Q: C++ HexChat SendMessage get Chat I have done something like this before in visual basic but it was a long time ago and it was for Wolfenstein ET. I know that I will have to use SendMessage or WM_GETTEXT so all I would need is the code the would constantly get the text from the chat window. Now hexchat is opensource but I do not know how to go about and get the ID that is needed to specify. I would rather not use a handle since I would have to recompile it every time. I know this is asking for a lot but I have been trying to figure this out for the past couple of days with no success. Any help is greatly appreciated! Thanks!
Oops also forgot to mention that since HexChat is open-source should we be able to use GetDlgItem()?
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void FindHexChat()

{

HWND hwndNotepad = FindWindow(L"gdkWindowToplevel", NULL);

if (NULL != hwndNotepad)
{

    HWND hwndEdit = FindWindowEx(hwndNotepad, NULL, L"Chat", NULL);

    if (NULL != hwndEdit)
    {
        int textLen = (int)SendMessage(hwndEdit, WM_GETTEXTLENGTH, 0, 0);

        if (0 < textLen)
        {

            const int bufferSize = 1024;
            char textBuffer[bufferSize] = "";
            SendMessage(hwndEdit, WM_GETTEXT, (WPARAM)bufferSize, (LPARAM)textBuffer);

 << cout << textBuffer << endl;

}
            else
            {

            }
        }
        else
        {

        }
    }
    else
    {
 endl;
    }

}

int main()
{
    FindHexChat();

    return 0;
}

A: The ID of the window you are looking for can be determined from the source code or with Spy++.  Every child window HWND is returned by EnumChildWindows. For each of those HWNDs you can call GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_ID) to get that child window's ID. When it matches the target ID you have found the HWND that can be used with WM_GETTEXT to read the window's text.


text:
An Analysis Of The Perestroika Movement In Russia Politics Essay
As postulated by Tarasulo (73), Perestroika refers to the great political movement in Russia within the communist party of Soviet Union. The key player in the perestroika was the soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Basically, the essence of the perestroika was to restructure the soviet economic and political system. The concept of perestroika is greatly acknowledged for the end of the cold war as well as the fall of socialism in Eastern Europe and Soviet Union. The significance of perestroika in historical and present politics of Russia is explicit. Initiation and progress of perestroika le to establish of more independent actions by various ministries as well as dismantling of soviet-era planned economy. The replacement of soviet era planned economy by the market economy was a vital development in Russia. Despite the various economic and social tensions brought about by the restructuring process, the entire phenomenon led to increased nationalism among the constituent republics alongside social fragmentation. This paper will profoundly discuss and analyze the concept of perestroika and its significance to Russia and the globe in general (Kushner 123).
Mikhail Gorbachev had all along had a deep compassion of bringing change to Russian political and economic systems. This quest for change and reforms is very evident at his entrance into the corridors of power in the year 1985. At this time, Mikhail Gorbachev took the office of general secretary of the communist party of the Soviet Union. Despite the opposition given to his reform agenda by well established members of the party, Mikhail didn't give heart. The most significant move initiated by Mikhail was the introduction of democratization, which entailed the introduction of multi-candidate elections in the communist party. Based on this regard, Mikhail was very optimistic that progressive and dynamic personnel will take the vital positions in the party and government. His main focus was to ensure that, the right people enter into power and carryout his institutional and policy reforms (Cohen 54).
At the initial stages, the reforms being postulated by Gorbachev received mixed reactions. Fro instance, conservatives had a strong criticism for the reform agenda being advocated for by Gorbachev. Despite this opposition, overwhelming support was also thrown to the process by the liberals who were very optimistic about the newly anticipated changes. The issue of multiparty system also took course without prior anticipation thus reinforcing Gorbachev ideas of bringing change in Russia. The CPSU's conference held in 1988 under the leadership of Gorbachev was an important development and progress in the realization of reforms. At this time, a radical reform was initiated by Gorbachev and his supporters which were aimed at reducing party control of government apparatus. The issue of multi-candidate for regional and local legislatures was also warmly welcomed (Mlynar 93).
Advantages of the Perestroika
The political and economic restructuring established in Russia under the leadership of Gorbachev had a lot of benefits to the nation, its people and the global community. To begin with, the concept of democratization which entailed multi-candidate had a lot of influence in the mode of governance in Russia. By adoption of multi-candidate in the regional and local legislatures, competent and focused personnel were given an opportunity to lead the people. This was a magnificent development and achievement to the people since a sense of democracy was established. Based on the concept of multi-candidate, a better watch and management of the national resources and national affairs was made more efficient (Cohen 54).
Another key achievement established by perestroika involved the concept of reducing party control over government apparatus. It is sad to note that; the communist party had all the powers and authority of all government apparatus there being able to manipulate government operations. The party officials and the different legislators had enormous influence over government apparatus thus leading to enhancing of their own interests. As stated by Kushner (123), the concept of separating the party from the government was a brilliant idea and led to more transparency and responsibility in the execution of national policies. The relationships of Russia and the global community was also enhanced through the adoption of the new changes. It has been noted that, a lot of misconducts were being performed as a result of the previous system of governance (Kushner 123).
The establishment of the congress of people's deputies in December 1988 was also a key development in the government restructuring process. The new amendments led to establishment of a smaller soviet union's legislative body which consisted of 542 members. From this situation, all public organizations were accommodated in the new system. With this regard, it is evident that, perestroika was very beneficial in fostering political development. The issue of poor decision making and dictatorship evident in the Soviet Union and the communist party were abolished through adoption of these changes.
Significantly, democracy and human freedom was adequately established through the restructuring process initiated by Gorbachev. An overwhelming support of the new systems of election was witnessed in the 1989 when the people expressed their democratic right to choose members for national legislative body. This was the beginning of democracy and human freedom as people were given the powers and freedom to choose their favorite candidates. Importantly, it was noted that the results of the election stunned the ruling elite. The glory and victory of a new era of governance ran throughout the country. The earlier lot of communist candidates who had been enjoying the privileges of unopposed candidature was astonished by the results of the election (Herrera 123).
With regard to economic system, the perestroika had a lot of significance in overcoming the economic stagnation. This was achieved through a more efficient method of creating dependable and effective mechanism for accelerating economic and social development. The principles and core values of Gorbachev was to establish utmost respect to humanity as well as a considerable personal dignity. Based on these principles, the essence of economic crimes and corruption in the government was highly criticized and abolished. As a result fairness in distribution and allocation of national resources was enhanced. The previous scenario of excessive party influence to government apparatus was done away with. It had been made clear that, the communist party had been managing the government as its own affair; hence leading to excessive exploitation of national resources (Mlynar 93).
Additionally, the abolishment of the soviet era planned economy and replacement by the market economy was a key achievement of perestroika. The soviet era planned economy had a lot of negative impacts on the economy of Russia thus leading to a very pathetic situation. Gorbachev advocated for a fast-paced technological modernization which was aimed at increasing the economic status. Industrial and agricultural productivity was also accelerated thus ensuring a favorable economic environment. A key strategy adopted by Gorbachev in fostering economic reforms was the improvement of the soviet bureaucracy so as to ensure efficiency and prosperity. A point worth of consideration is that, the economic restructuring was made possible through the reforming of the social and political structures (Kushner 123).
One of the most celebrated strategies influencing the success of the economic reforms was on the concept of anti-alcohol campaign. The issue of alcoholism had grown to alarming levels thus calling for the need of change. To affect this policy, the prices of Vodka, beer and wine were raised as well restriction of their sales. The anti-alcohol campaign was very vigorous and significantly led to the decline in alcohol sales. The concept of alcoholism abolishment led to magnificent developments in the economy. Specifically people were more involved in productive activities thus leading to improvement in the economy. The concept of anti-alcohol campaign was warmly received and led to magnificent developments in the social and economic spectrums (Herrera 123).
Perestroika led to significant developments in the economy and distribution of national resources. Basically, the vague and inefficient economic policies established by the communist party had a lot of negative impacts to the economy. In relation to this phenomenon, the soviet-era planned economy led to stagnation of economic developments. It is also sad to note that, the levels of poverty in the country were also high alongside very pathetic business environment. With the new political, social and economic reforms, the business environment was made more favorable. It is noted that, increased government support for the business processes was enhanced as well as the stipulation of better policies to counter the effects of uncontrolled business operations (Gorbachev 89).
Another key achievement brought forward by the perestroika on the aspect of management of state enterprises. This was a great development which ensured that state enterprises operated freely so as to determine their out put as well as determining the expectation of the consumers. By so doing, the previous inefficiencies which accrued due to government's influence on the management of state corporations was countered. The dictatorship of government on the operations of the state enterprises led to numerous problems and losses to the enterprises. The concept of accountability and transparency in the management of state enterprises was established. This phenomenon led to increased profitability and improvement in quality of services and products offered by these enterprises. Additionally, the restructuring of the management of the state corporations led to recruitment of more competent and expertise personnel thus leading to efficiencies in the whole process. In addition, the issues of fraud and corruption in state enterprises was significantly reduced (Tarasulo 62).
The benefits of perestroika were also felt in the global spectrum; whereby Gorbachev was very conscious in establishing and enhancing foreign affairs. Trade and relations with the west were enhanced alongside reduction in the tensions of the cold war. The contributions of perestroika in building global relationships are remarkable. In this case, the new political, social and economic structures led to more interactions of the soviets and western leaders. For instance, the relationship of Russia with Germany was improved thus making the two states to improve their business relations. British prime minister Margaret Thatcher is quoted saying that, she like Mr. Gorbachev and they can smoothly do business together (Herrera 123).
It is important to note that; perestroika had a great advantage on boosting the relationship of Russia and other nations. The issue of nuclear weapons in the global scene was very sensitive and required swift actions. It is evident that, Gorbachev leadership led to increased negotiations and consultations in the international scene thus facilitating understanding among the warring countries. This is a big achievement of Gorbachev leadership and is acknowledged for his role in enhancing global peace and reduction of the tensions of the cold war. From these insights, perestroika stands to be acknowledged for its numerous benefits to the Soviet Union as well as the global community. Basically, the improvement in economy, social setup and the political systems are the key advantages of the perestroika (Gorbachev 89).
Disadvantages of perestroika
Alongside the numerous advantages and benefits of perestroika to the social, political, and economic systems, the phenomenon has also been criticized for different catastrophes. To begin with, there has been overwhelming criticism on perestroika regarding the turmoil which impacted on the economy. Basically, the anti-alcohol campaign impacted negatively on the economy. From the concept of government increasing the prices of vodka, wine and beer alongside restricting the sale of these products impacted negatively on the economy. The revenues of government were drastically reduced thus leading to a budgetary crisis. From the analysis of the situation, it was evident that the government lost a lot of revenues following the abolishment of alcohol sale. Significantly, the employment rates and job opportunities provided by the alcohol industry were cut down. The government lost a lot of taxes both in the form of direct and indirect taxes. The alcohol industry was employing a large number of people and as a result of the new laws, all these groups were rendered jobless (Tarasulo 62).
On the other hand, illegalization and increasing of the prices of alcohol products led to increase in illegal activities. There was a rise of smuggling of alcohol products across the borders as well as illegal production of alcohol in the urban and rural areas. Based on this phenomenon, the security status of the nation was compromised. This is because illegal production and distribution of alcohol products led to low quality of the products. With regard to this situation, the health of the citizens was posed to a very high risk. The concept of beer and wines being manufactured at home or in the slums led to avoidance of adhering to hygiene standards; thus posing a very high health risk. Additionally, increase in price of alcohol products as well as restriction on the sale of alcohol led to increase in crime. This is because the alcohol dependants had no option rather than involving into crime so as to get cash to purchase the products (Gorbachev 89).
Additionally, perestroika was also disastrous process which posed the nation at a great risk. For instance, the concept of increased international relationships led to dependency on foreign countries. Soviet Union had an increased trade with Germany, America and British among other countries following the concept of perestroika. In regard to this scenario, any misunderstanding which may occur between these countries may cause severe consequences to the country. For instance a lot of industrial assistance and cooperation was established between Soviet Union and other western countries. The countries began to exchange a lot of resources used in the industrial fields. Specialization among the countries was also established due to the influence of trade. This phenomenon is a potential catastrophe to the countries economy and more so in ties of war or in cases of misunderstanding (Prem 126).
On the other hand, the political restructuring of the soviet society had a lot of impacts on the nation's stability. With the concept of democratization, the people were given more freedom to participate in political issues. As evident in the 1989 elections, the whole process was very vigorous. Despite the benefits of political freedoms and rights, increased political participation is not always good for the stability of the country. For instances, the issues of ethnicity and bribery are potential phenomenon in the events of political campaigns. Additionally, political differences and tensions are more easily to occur thus jeopardizing the national stability and peace. This phenomenon has happened in different countries and Russia is not exempted from the phenomenon (Cohen 54).
From the discussion and analysis of perestroika, it is evident that it had a lot of significance in the social, political and economic setup in the Soviet Union. The concept of perestroika is greatly acknowledged for the end of the cold war as well as the fall of socialism in Eastern Europe and Soviet Union. The significance of perestroika in historical and present politics of Russia is explicit. Initiation and progress of perestroika led to establishment of more independent actions by various ministries as well as dismantling of soviet-era planned economy. The replacement of soviet-era planned economy by the market economy was a vital development in Russia. Despite the various economic and social tensions brought about by the restructuring process, the entire phenomenon led to increased nationalism among the constituent republics alongside social fragmentation.
Analysis Of The Significance Of Mikhail Gorbachev Politics Essay
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← Why was a homeless man jailed for pretending to run the London Marathon?
I'd love to read this but sadly the link just takes me to the FT's paywall..
Have you now outed yourself?


text:
Skeets est un personnage de fiction de l'univers (futur) de DC Comics Universe. Ce petit robot à l'intelligence artificielle n'est autre que le compagnon du fameux Booster Gold.

Notes et références

Super-héros DC
Robot ou ordinateur de fiction


+  - system/vendor partitions: verifying root hash of dm-verity hashtrees.
+* Provides capabilities for rollback protection.
+Integrity of the bootloader (U-boot BLOB and environment) is out of scope.
+avb_vbmeta_image.c:206: ERROR: Hash does not match!


There is nowhere in the world to celebrate Christmas like Germany, and visiting one of the Christmas markets is a definite must for anyone who loves the joy of the holiday season. Traditionally associated with Germany influences, Christmas markets are popping up in all major cities each Christmas season; however, Frankfurt has one of the country's largest and oldest Christmas markets. Since starting in 1393, this authentic fair has brought visitors from all over the world.
Set amongst the fairy tale medieval architecture of central Frankfurt, locals and visitors from around the world flock to this wonderful Christmas market. With over 200 elaborate stalls selling arts, crafts, food, drink and more, as well entertainment and the giant mesmerising 30m high Christmas tree sat proudly in the square, you'll feel the warmth of Christmas. You can shop for gifts at all the beautiful booths with handmade gifts, delicious treats and souvenirs to bring home to loved ones. There is no better way to celebrate the best season of the year than to sip a hot cup of spicy mulled wine to keep your hands warm while you listen to carollers sing of yuletide joy.
Start planning your trip to enjoy this incredible experience with family or friends and stay in our hotel close to the Frankfurt Christmas market at Capri by Fraser Frankfurt. With award-winning service and luxurious facilities, you'll make magical memories to remember during your time in Germany's second city.
Held on the Römerberg Square, Paulsplatz and Mainkai Quay, you can even enjoy a guided tour of the market thanks to the local tourist office. If you would like to find out more on the Frankfurt Tourism site click here. The Frankfurt Christmas Market is open every day of the week from 26th November until 22nd December. The gates open at 10 am Monday-Saturday and at 11 am on Sundays, however, it's highly recommended that you visit the market in the evening hours just after the sun sets so you can make the most of the festive lights and scenery to really get you into the holiday spirit. If you are lucky enough, you may get to meet Father Christmas and his reindeer.
Whether you want to see the colourful lights and nativity displays or see German folk dances and sample some local gastronomy, Frankfurt has a Christmas market unlike any other in the world.
as our enviable location makes us one of the best-placed hotels near Frankfurt Christmas Market. Our luxury serviced apartments are located in the city centre- just a 10-minute drive or bus ride to and from the market. Or you can take in all of Frankfurt's festive decorations and twinkling lights with just a 30-minute walk. Our 24-hour reception and concierge services will be delighted to assist with directions to the market. Do not hesitate to ask one of our fantastic staff members for anything you need to make the most of your visit with us. Guests often choose us over hotels near Frankfurt Christmas Market due to our close proximity to Frankfurt Airport and other attractions such as Festhalle and Kap Europa - read some of their reviews.
Our studio and one bedroom apartments are the perfect choice for a romantic holiday or for a small family or group of friends. Each suite is equipped with a living and dining area, as well as a comfortable sleeping space. Much thought has gone into each urban-inspired room, offering a well-appointed kitchenette stocked with all the tools you may need to cook a nice meal within the comfort of your apartment. You'll find that our contemporary residences also offer a fantastic room serviced menu in case you want to eat in the privacy of your luxury serviced apartment but don't want to take the time to prepare your own food.
If you are looking for a place to kick start your day with a hearty breakfast before you head to the market, stop by our amazing in-house restaurant, Caprilicious. We offer continental and buffet style breakfasts as well as delicious pastries, fruits, juices, and coffee. We aim to use the best ingredients for our guests that's why we source locally grown produce as well as fresh items from a nearby bakery. If you don't make it for breakfast but still want to have an excellent sit-down meal, Caprilicious is also open for lunch and dinner. If you find yourself in a rush to beat the crowds at the Christmas market and want to arrive early, we also have our fully stocked snack bar, Delite. Delite is located conveniently in the lobby, and it is perfect for a quick snack to grab and go.
When you return from the market, warm up with a delicious cocktail or glass of wine at our cocktail lounge, Drinx. We have a fantastic selection of wine, German beer, and handmade cocktails to help you wind down after an evening of shopping and eating festive delicacies such as bratwurst under the beautiful tree at the Frankfurt Christmas market.
We know not every Christmas holiday is an escape from work. This is why we offer a 24-hour business centre so you can get things done before or after your time at the market. With printing services available and complimentary international newspapers, you can get a quick business call or check on emails in a quiet comfortable setting. Our gym is also available 24 hours so you can get your workout in any time of day or night. Because we also offer free Wi-Fi to our guests, you can stay connected to your family, friends, and colleagues through Skype or social media without the hassle of using your own data plan.
Your stay with us at the award-winning Capri by Fraser Frankfurt offers style, luxury and is a conveniently located hotel near Frankfurt Christmas Market. We have all the amenities you will need to keep you feeling the Christmas cheer without worry. This is why we continue to receive TripAdvisor®'s Certificate of Excellence year after year. We look forward to your reservation with us and to welcome you to Frankfurt.


Chelsy Davy, the girlfriend of Prince Harry, has decided to study at Leeds University to be closer to her boyfriend.
The 21-year-old Zimbawean beauty has applied for a post-graduate degree course at the West Yorkshire University.
However, the decision has a obstacle to hurdle because Chelsy doesn't like the cold and wet weather of the UK.
Prince William: Set To Get Engaged With Kate Middleton Soon?


Originally developed for pin tumblers the warlock also is very adept at rocking wafer locks.
The profile is similar to the highs and low cut of traditional keys letting use it for both raking and try outs.
Made out of .025 and coated with a UV print.


Sheltering more than 600 species of birds in and around, the park is surely a rewarding experience for the bird lovers. A special package of 5N/6D has been tailored by Tour My India for an exciting camp at Dhikala forest, another hub for varied species of birds, chirping and whistling around the expanse of greenery and nature beauty. The nearby forest like Sal forest, provides an excellent chance to be so close to the nature and to appreciate the habitat of elaborate flora and fauna, the birds and its lavish wildlife. The game drives to Bijrani range which is the highest wildlife populated range, add as an another look forward thing in the package for the birders. Also, you can trust us with our hotel selection, prompt transport service and airplane/bus/train booking.


DUPLIN COUNTY, NC (WITN) – A kilo and a half of suspected power cocaine was found in a drug bust involving deputies from three Eastern Carolina counties.
The raid happened at a home on Maysville School Road in the Beautancus area of Duplin County for what deputies called an intensive drug trafficking organization.
Found inside three axles of a tractor trailer parked near the rear of the double wide mobile home, as well as inside the home, was a kilo and a half of what appeared to be cocaine. Deputies also seized a large amount of cash.
Victor Rojas, who lived at the home, was charged with two counts of trafficking in powder cocaine, possession with intent to manufacture, sell and deliver powder cocaine, maintaining a dwelling place to keep a controlled substance, and conspire to traffic in powder cocaine.
Juan Hernandez-Garcia of Laredo, Texas, Luis Hernandez of Arlington, Texas, and Eleazar Pena of Laredo, Texas were all charged with the same crimes.
All four men were put in the Duplin County jail on $235,000 secured bonds.


text:
Catholic Church Delivers Strong Message to Those Mocking "Sick Nun" State The Following
For the past few weeks, a picture of a Roman Catholic nun who is serving in a catholic church in Cameroon has been circulating across various social media platforms indicating that the nun was heavily pregnant. Thumbnail photo The joke itself sprouted just because of the fact that Catholic nuns and priests are barred from engaging in sexual acts because before they enter the service, they usually take an oath to give their bodies fully to Christ.
1 month ago ago
Catholic Church In Deep Mourning After Demise Of Pope Benedict XVI
Catholic church is one of the universally recognized Churches in the world. The Roman Catholic church is usually led in a vertical structure of leadership where the pope takes the highest position. He's then followed by other officials who lead under him. The pope is usually based in Vatican where he lives and leads church activities.
The Only Football Player (Manchester United) Who Left Football To Become A Priest, See Photos
Read and see photos below: It used to be that Philip Patrick Stephen Mulryne was a professional football player. He is now a Northern Irish Dominican friar and a priest in the Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Belfast on January 1, 1978. He began his career at Manchester United before moving to Norwich City, where he played in over 150 games.
How to Bless a House
You have finally moved into your new house. It is perfect in every single way, and you want it to stay that way. If you are a religious or spiritual person, you might find that blessing your home brings you great peace of mind and serenity.
'I Quit Priesthood And Was Excommunicated All For Love' Rev Siundu's Story
It has been over 10 years since Godfrey Siundu Wasike left priesthood for love and he has no regrets. When the 57-year-old priest met Stella Nangila, it was because of chronic loneliness, laziness, and love at first sight. Before he said "I do," the Roman Catholic church's vows of celibacy were secondary.
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The Founder Of The Catholic Church, The Number Of Churches And Baptized Catholic Faithfuls Globally
Pope Francis, the chief pastor of the Catholic Church. The Catholic church also known as the Roman Catholic church is one of the largest Christian church and the world's oldest church in the world. The Pope who is the Bishop of Rome and the holy See is the central governing authority of the Catholic church.
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Catholic Clergyman Calls Upon Sakaja To Close Noisy Churches
If you frequently visit social media, you have come across Johnson Sakaja. He is a current governor of Nairobi county. He was initially the senator of the Nairobi, he is a man of stands and determination, he has gone through hard times before winning the gubernatorial position simply because he was supporting President William Ruto in Kenya kwanza Alliance.
14 attributes of Simon Peter the disciple of Jesus Christ.
Simon Peter was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus Christ and the following are his attributes÷ 1.He was the first pope Roman Catholic church holds that Jesus established St.Peter as the first pope(Matthew 16:18) 2.He has Keys for heavenly kingdom Jesus gave Simon Peter "the keys of the kingdom of heaven"(Matthew 16:19), which is why he is often at the gate of heaven in art and popular culture.
9 Quick Facts About Uhuru Kenyatta As He Marks His 61st Birthday
Today is Uhuru Kenyatta's 61st birthday and he is the fourth president of the country of Kenya. Let's go back and review some fascinating information about the former head of state, Jomo Kenyatta, who served as Kenya's first president from 1964 to 1978. 1.
Meet Kimatuni Parish Catholic Choir, Kenya's upcoming Catholic Singers
The Roman Catholic church is one of the most established churches world over. The church is anchored on the teachings of Jesus Christ of Nazareth. The Roman Catholic church is structured in a way that the Pope is at the top of the leadership hierarchy, followed by the Cardinals, Bishops, Priests, Deacons and the laity in that order.
Father John Bok Near Death Experience Yesterday When He Was Heading To A Mass At St Andrew Catholic
Father John Bok Near Death Experience Yesterday When He Was Heading To A Mass At St Andrew Catholic Church A Roman Catholic priest who goes by the name Father John Bok has all reasons to glorify God after he missed a near-death experience in Ohio US, yesterday. Reputable sources say that the 87-year-old Father was heading to a Mass at St Andrew Catholic Church on Sunday 13, 2022 when a vehicle that had careened out of control and was flying through the air missed him by a whisker.
Women Who Go To Church Are Less Likely To Die Early, Researchers From Harvard Say
Did you know that going to church is good for women's health and cut the risk of dying early by a third. According to Daily Mail Newspaper, attending just once a week is linked to a lower risk of death from ail causes, a US study shows.
Betty Kyallo and Nick Ndeda Celebrate Ash Wednesday
To the believers of the Roman Catholic faith, today is one of those very important days of the year as it is marked as the beginning of lent and named Ash Wednesday. (photo courtesy) It is usually a day of reflection and ash is smeared on the believers' forehead to act as a reminder that they are mortal beings.
Pope Francis Sends A Warning To Priests And Nuns About Dangers Of Watching Pornography Content.
In the Roman Catholic church that operates worldwide, the practice of celibacy among the Priests and nuns is compulsory. This is an act that ensures thath the nuns and priests don't get married and marry respectively to dedicate their time in serving God as the servants that are our in charge of the 'flock', the congregation.
Difference Between Religion And Christianity
Religion and Christianity have brought some controversy over years. Are these two really related.is Christianity a religion? These questions are really mind boggling since they have been one of the taboo topics in the world children of God are advised to deviate from. To give a clear light on the same, this article aims at distinctively giving the deference between Christianity and religion.
Functions Of Altar Boys In The Catholic Church And Their Ages
If you are a Catholic church faithful, then you must know the altar boys and girls who always accompany Father, or Bishops during the mass service. They also have their special clothing they wear during each mass depending on the occasion. Who are these altar boys and girls?
Archbishop Finally Reveals Why Kalonzo Was Not Given a Chance to Speak in Kibaki's Funeral
Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nyeri, Anthony Muheria, has finally come out clearly to explain why the Wiper leader Kalonzo Musyoka was not given a chance to speak in Kibaki's funeral. According to him while speaking with Citizen TV, he was presiding on the event in accordance to the wish of the family of the late former President.
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The Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nyeri Anthony Muheria, has broken silence on the Debate surrounding the GMO Maize being imported into the country. In a press conference on Monday, 21st November 2022, Muheria noted that the matter should not be taken lightly and that the decision should not be made by one side without involving all the stakeholders.
Why Christians celebrate Palm Sunday
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This annual International Tournament "Baltic Amber Cup" held in Riga since 2003. The First Baltic Amber Cup was marked by a historical visit to Latvia by the President of the ITF, Professor Chang Ung ( DPRK), togever with Vice-President of the ITF Master Yury Kalashnikov (Russia), Vice President of the European TKD Federation Michael Shmelev (Russia) and Master ITF Technical Committee, Master Ri Yong Sok (DPRK). According to the President of Latvian Taekwon-do federation, Master Vjacheslav Semenkov (8 Dan) words, the main targets and objectives of the tournament – promotion and development of traditional Taekwon-do ITF, promotion of healthy lifestyle and International sports relations strengthening.
Starptautiskais turnīrs "BALTIC AMBER CUP" tiek rīkots katru gadu vairāku gadu garumā. Uz doto brīdi turnīrs kļuvis par atpazīstamu ne tikai Latvijā, bet arī ārvalstīs. Turnīrā "Baltijas Dzintara Kauss" pulcējas Latvijas klubu komandu, kā arī kaimiņvalstu (Igaunija, Krievija, Baltkrievija, Ukraina, Vācija, Somija un cīti vālsti) klubu sportisti.


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Rahm Emanuel's microphone, pictured here in the correct position. (Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images)
Web Only / Views » May 21, 2019
No One Should Ever Listen to Anything Rahm Emanuel Has to Say About Politics
Rahm Emanuel is now a pundit at the Atlantic. But no amount of rebranding can change the fact that his political career has been an abject failure.
BY Miles Kampf-Lassin
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Rahm Emanuel represents the very system of elite governance that he blames in his Atlantic article for creating our current political crisis.
Monday marked Rahm Emanuel's official last day as mayor of Chicago, and America's third-largest city is better off for it.
After eight years in office, Emanuel secured his legacy as a neoliberal archetype for urban governance and is leaving behind a city mired in a vast array of crises, spanning public education, gun violence, debt, police brutality, housing and economic inequality. Yet rather than take responsibility for his disastrous reign in Chicago, he has instead embarked on a rebranding tour to makeover his public image. The mainstream media is, unsurprisingly, complicit in this rehabilitation, but we should not be fooled.
On Tuesday, the Atlantic announced that Emanuel had taken a new position as a contributing editor at the magazine. This announcement coincided with Emanuel's debut story for his new job, "It's Time to Hold American Elites Accountable for Their Abuses."
For those who have any familiarity with Emanuel's background—a former investment banker turned Democratic Party operative, turned centrist architect, turned presidential chief of staff, turned mayor known for prioritizing the wealthiest over working-class residents—such an article premise is preposterous. Still, it's worth interrogating why Emanuel's foray into becoming a Serious Pundit is so abhorrent.
Emanuel is correct in his analysis that the 2016 election illustrated how fed up American voters are with the rule of elites in our society. Donald Trump won by riding a wave of this anger straight to the White House, whereas Hillary Clinton represented the very system of elite supremacy many voters blamed for helping stack the cards against them. But if Clinton was successfully painted as an avatar for this biased system, Emanuel has in many ways been its guru.
After all, it was Emanuel who, while serving in the Clinton administration, helped write NAFTA, the trade agreement which fueled offshoring of jobs, wage stagnation, upward redistribution of income and the collapse of the manufacturing sector in the United States. He similarly helped push through welfare reform, legislation that spiked extreme poverty and cut off a lifeline for millions of working-class Americans, as well as the 1994 crime bill which incited the mass incarceration crisis.
After leaving the White House in 1998, Emanuel dove into the world of investment banking where, over the course of four years, he made a staggering $16 million—more than 10 times what an average American will earn over their entire lifetime.
During his time as head of the DCCC in the late 2000s, Emanuel focused on pushing the Democratic Party further to the right, recruiting conservative "Blue Dog" Democrats who worked to implement austerity, deregulate Wall Street and oppose healthcare expansion. Later while serving as President Obama's chief of staff, Emanuel took a hard line against union workers during the auto bailout and worked diligently to convince Obama not to pursue Obamacare—a plan that would ultimately provide healthcare coverage to millions of Americans.
And as mayor of Chicago, Emanuel has continued his lifelong political project of advancing corporate-friendly policies while ignoring the needs and demands of the poor and politically unconnected. He closed down public schools and mental health clinics, oversaw a police department rife with abuse, fought public-sector unions, lavished corporate giants with tax breaks while raising regressive fines and fees, privatized public services, presided over horrific levels of gun violence and locked community groups and neighborhood leaders out of democratic decision-making in favor of his friends in high finance and corporate America.
In other words, Rahm Emanuel represents the very system of elite governance that he blames in his Atlantic article for creating our current political crisis—which should make us very suspect of the solutions he proposes.
So, what does Emanuel actually say will help get America out of our current status quo? Perhaps enacting policies that would rein in the banking and financial industries that have wreaked havoc upon the economy? Or provide social programs like universal healthcare and a jobs guarantee that would help lift millions out of poverty and provide a safety net for struggling families? Nope.
Popular programs like Medicare for All, breaking up large financial institutions and providing guaranteed employment are being embraced by a number of 2020 Democratic candidates, including Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren. But Emanuel instead uses his new perch as a columnist to preach empty bromides about "justice" and "standing up for middle-class interests and values." In fact, Emanuel says he doesn't think embracing bold new policies is the answer, dismissingly stating that "Every time Democrats look at a problem, they think of a program."
On one point, Emanuel is crystal clear, saying, "The answer certainly isn't socialism." In his view, a more egalitarian politics that confronts market fundamentalism head-on just amounts to a more powerful "bureaucracy." Such slights at a left-wing approach to government are nothing new, but it's telling that Rahm Emanuel—a scion of neoliberalism—feels the need to decry a socialist turn in the Democratic Party.
Emanuel can see the tectonic shifts occurring in the party he's spent his political career pushing in a centrist direction. Socialism is rising in popularity, including in Emanuel's hometown of Chicago where six democratic socialist city council members were just elected to office. It's no surprise that he would be dismayed by such a development that stands as a direct repudiation of his time in office.
Whereas Emanuel carried out a "trickle-down" economic program that provided benefits to the top while poor neighborhoods were starved of resources, the new class of socialist leaders is advocating massive new taxes on the rich to fund social programs. If the Chicago's 2019 elections are any indication, with progressives and socialists taking power across the city, Emanuel's approach to governance has been proven an abject failure. Which is all the more reason he shouldn't be taken seriously as a political authority.
We have only just begun to experience Emanuel's new career in punditry. Tuesday also saw the announcement that he will join ABC News as a contributor. We can expect that he will continue to laud right-wing Democrat Joe Biden for his "discipline" on the campaign trail while attacking progressives such as Rep. Ilhan Omar and warning the party against taking clear stands on issues such as healthcare and the climate. After all, these are exactly the types of tired, backward-looking takes he was hired by these corporate media outlets to provide.
But for working people in Chicago and across the country, Rahm Emanuel's centrist political vision has by now been fully discredited. Let's make sure to never forget that.
Miles Kampf-Lassin
Miles Kampf-Lassin, a graduate of New York University's Gallatin School in Deliberative Democracy and Globalization, is a Web Editor at In These Times. He is a Chicago based writer. miles@inthesetimes.com @MilesKLassin
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Are you afraid of the Green party and Tulsi Gabbard? The Democrats rig and cheat. Give us some real people that are "For The People".
Posted by Carrie M on 2019-05-31 19:15:57
Don't you remember Rahm Emanuel when he was working for President Obama? He was a horror show then, so I know that he won the Chicago Mayoralty by connections to the Chicago Machine.
Posted by larrysherk on 2019-05-28 08:40:08
Posted by brunssd on 2019-05-25 11:23:16
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(businesspress24) - LONDON, 14 March, 2017 – NewVoiceMedia, a leading global provider of cloud contact centre and inside sales technology that enables businesses to have more successful conversations, has ranked in the 2017 Tech Tour Growth 50 for the second consecutive year, a list of the fastest-growing tech companies in Europe.
Through a combination of quantitative research and a qualitative selection process, Tech Tour, together with Silverpeak Investment Bank and a committee of international investors, has identified Europe''s fastest growing pre-exit investor-backed companies. Founded in 1999, Tech Tour has championed European innovation by providing a place where entrepreneurs, investors and corporations can come together to ensure companies get the funding and support they need – to help them become global champions.
Collectively the companies featured have raised over $3.7 billion of venture funding and created over 9,000 high-tech jobs. The businesses each meet criteria including more than €10m in revenue and upwards of €20m in total funding.
The accolade closely follows several other victories for NewVoiceMedia including recognition in Deloitte's Technology Fast 500 EMEA programme and Softech International's Leading Experts in Tech Awards, and further validates the company's position as a leader in the cloud communications industry. NewVoiceMedia now serves more than 650 customers worldwide, including MobileIron, Lumesse, Vax, JustGiving and Canadian Cancer Society.
William Stevens, Managing Director at Tech Tour, commented, "The billion dollar "unicorn" successes that grab our attention are just the tip of the iceberg. The Tech Tour Growth 50 puts the next layer of Europe's high-tech, high-growth businesses in the limelight. These are Europe's future potential unicorns – the companies with the most promise to have a global impact. The Tech Tour Growth 50 companies have created over 9,000 high-tech jobs and raised over $3.7 billion of investment from 309 investors. This is a clear demonstration of Europe's strength and competitiveness in scaling-up tech businesses".
"It's a great honour to be named one of Europe''s fastest-growing tech companies", added Jonathan Gale, CEO of NewVoiceMedia. "Our rapid acceleration, together with our innovative technology, is helping us to attract the highest caliber people around the world who are dedicated to making our cloud capabilities best-in-class. It''s great to be formally recognised by this report for our achievements, impact and momentum, and we look forward to continuing our growth trajectory ahead of the market".


For benchmarking, we're interested in the elapsed real world time between the start and end of some code of interest. For this purpose, we need time values with sub-second accuracy and we don't care about time zones and date formats. This eliminates most of the API calls available in today's OSes because they only return times in seconds and produce nicely formatted strings for display to a human.
What we need is a low-level notion of time that reliably ticks over every few nanoseconds. We'll query that time before and after the code we're benchmarking, compute the difference and report that as the elapsed time. While all OSes provide the necessary API calls, each OS has its quirks.
The following getRealTime( ) function works for most OSes (copy and paste, or download getRealTime.c). On OSes that need it, link with librt to get POSIX timers (e.g. AIX, BSD, Cygwin, HP-UX, Linux, and Solaris, but not OSX). Otherwise, the default libraries are sufficient.
See the sections that follow for discussion, caveats, and why this code requires so many #ifdef's.
#error "Unable to define getRealTime( ) for an unknown OS."
* Returns the real time, in seconds, or -1.0 if an error occurred.
* Time is measured since an arbitrary and OS-dependent start time.
* between two calls to this function.
To benchmark an algorithm's real time use, call getRealTime( ) at the beginning and end, then report the difference. It is not safe to assume the value returned by one function call has any meaning.
Each OS has one or more ways of returning the current value of a real time clock. However, some are faster or have better resolution than others.
On Windows and Cygwin (Linux compatibility tools under Windows), GetSystemTimeAsFileTime( ) and GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime( ) both fill a FILETIME struct with the current system time. The functions are equivalent, but GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime( ) aims at providing a higher precision value, though it's only available in Windows 8 or Windows Server 2012 or later.
The struct's fields provide the low and high 32-bits of a 64-bit time in units of 100 nanoseconds (1/10000000-th of a second).
Availability of GetSystemTimeAsFileTime( ): Cygwin and Windows 2000 and later.
Availability of GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime( ): Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 and later.
On most POSIX-compliant OSes, clock_gettime( ) (see manual pages for AIX, BSD, HP-UX, Linux, and Solaris) provides the most accurate system time. The function's first argument selects a "clock id" and the second is a timespec struct filled in with a time in seconds and nanoseconds. For most OSes, the application must link with librt.
While the timespec struct can hold a time value down to 1 nanosecond, few systems (if any) provide times at that resolution. HP-UX documentation, for instance, notes that clock_gettime( ) just calls gettimeofday( ) (see below), which has microsecond resolution. But the HP-UX kernel clock only ticks over once every 1/100th of a second, which limits gettimeofday( ) and clock_gettime( ) to 1/100th of a second resolution. Other OSes have similar quirks.
The function is an optional part of the POSIX specification and is only available if _POSIX_TIMERS is defined in <unistd.h> with a value greater than 0. Currently, AIX, BSD, HP-UX, Linux, and Solaris support the function, but OSX does not.
The clock_getres( ) function returns the clock resolution. But this function isn't always fully implemented. Currently it works on AIX, BSD, HP-UX, and Linux, but fails on Solaris.
The POSIX specification defines the names of several standard "clock id" values, including CLOCK_MONOTONIC and CLOCK_REALTIME to get the system time (more on the differences between the two below). However, currently HP-UX omits CLOCK_MONOTONIC and Solaris defines it within include files, but not within its documentation. Solaris adds its own non-standard CLOCK_HIGHRES clock, Linux adds CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, and BSD adds CLOCK_MONOTONIC_PRECISE (and several other variants).
These caveats mean a chain of #ifdef checks are required, and the ability to fall through to one of the other real time functions when they fail.
CLOCK_REALTIME (AIX, BSD, HP-UX, Linux, and Solaris) reports a settable (by root) time that can be mapped to the current real-world date and time. The value is the elapsed time since "the Epoch", which is usually Jan 1st, 1970 at midnight GMT (this may vary among OSes and should not be counted on). CLOCK_REALTIME is the system time used for human time display, so it's subject to corrections whenever the system checks a time server or the system administrator updates the clock. If such adjustments are made during benchmarking, then the elapsed time between two queries of CLOCK_REALTIME will be wrong. One of the other clocks should be used instead, if available.
CLOCK_MONOTONIC (AIX, BSD, Linux, and Solaris) reports an unsettable time that counts upwards starting at an unspecified time zero in the past that's typically the system's boot time. The time from CLOCK_MONOTONIC cannot be mapped to the current real-world date and time, but it's the right tool for benchmarking where we only need to find the elapsed time of an algorithm.
CLOCK_MONOTONIC_PRECISE (BSD) is a variant of CLOCK_MONOTONIC that aims at providing a more precise time.
CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW (Linux 2.6.28 or later) is a variant of CLOCK_MONOTONIC that aims for sa more precise time by accessing the underlying "raw" hardware-based time.
CLOCK_HIGHRES (Solaris) is equivalent to CLOCK_MONOTONIC and aims at returning a high-resolution time. The returned value is also available from gethrtime( ) (see below).
Availability of clock_gettime( ): AIX, BSD, Cygwin, HP-UX, Linux, and Solaris.
Availability of clock_getres( ): AIX, BSD, Cygwin, HP-UX, and Linux, but it fails on Solaris.
On HP-UX and Solaris, gethrtime( ) (see manual pages for HP-UX and Solaris) returns a high-resolution time measured in nanoseconds. On Solaris, the value is equivalent to the value returned by clock_gettime( ) with CLOCK_HIGHRES. Like that clock, the time reported by gethrtime( ) is measured from an unspecified starting point and is not subject to time server and administrator changes, which makes it good for benchmarking.
Availability of gethrtime( ): HP-UX, Solaris.
Time values are real-world time measured since "the Epoch", like CLOCK_REALTIME with clock_gettime( ) above. The time returned is subject to adjustments from time server updates or the administrator setting the clock, so benchmarking should only use this time as a fallback when none of the monotonic times with clock_gettime( ) are available.
The first argument to the function is a pointer to a timeval struct to fill. The second argument optionally points to a legacy timezone struct that has been deprecated due to inadequacies in its design. Passing a NULL for the second argument is common and skips the timezone information, which isn't needed for benchmarking anyway.
Availability of gettimeofday( ): AIX, BSD, Cygwin, HP-UX, Linux, OSX, and Solaris.
To convert the value returned by mach_absolute_time( ) to seconds, multiply it by the time base numerator, divide by the denominator, then divide by 1,000,000,000.0 to convert from nanoseconds to seconds. Since the time base doesn't change, the struct can be retrieved once and re-used each time mach_absolute_time( ) is called.
On OSX, mach_absolute_time( ) may be more accurate than gettimeofday( ) and is recommended by Apple. The time is monotonic, like CLOCK_MONOTONIC for clock_gettime( ) above, so it cannot be converted to a real-world date and time, isn't settable, and doesn't change on time server updates or administrator changes.
On POSIX OSes, time( ) (see manual pages for AIX, BSD, HP-UX, Linux, OSX, and Solaris) returns the current system time in seconds. The value is measured since "the Epoch" like gettimeofday( ) and the CLOCK_REALTIME clock for clock_gettime( ) above. Like them, the system time can jump forward or back from time server updates or changes by the administrator, which makes it poor for use in benchmarking.
The value returned by time( ) is in seconds while the earlier gettimeofday( ) returns time in microseconds. Since POSIX defines both functions, all POSIX-compliant OSes have both and there is never a good reason to use the lower-resolution time( ) instead of gettimeofday( ).
Availability of time( ): AIX, BSD, Cygwin, HP-UX, Linux, OSX, and Solaris.
Some processors (Intel x86, Itanium, and others) include a Time Stamp Counter register that contains a 64-bit number that increments on every clock tick. The register is available from user code with a bit of assembly. While the register has been useful for benchmarking in the past, modern multi-processor systems and out-of-order execution make this an undependable method today.
On HP-UX, "Project Mercury" introduces memory pages shared between an application and the kernel in order to speed up some system calls. The hg_gethrtime( ) function is the Mercury version of gethrtime( ). Mercury is only available as of HP-UX 11.31 and requires #include <mercury.h> and linking with libhg.
On AIX, the gettimer( ) function fills a timestruct_t or itimerspec struct with the time in seconds and nanoseconds. The function's first argument selects a well-known timer, but the only one currently defined is TIMEOFDAY. This is the equivalent of the CLOCK_REALTIME clock supported by clock_gettime( ) (see above).
On POSIX systems, the obsolete ftime( ) function fills a timeb struct with the time in seconds and milliseconds. In 2008 the function was removed from the POSIX specification and its further use is strongly discouraged. The function remains available on AIX (with the libbsd compatibility library), BSD, HP-UX, Linux, OSX, and Solaris.
getRealTime.c provides the above C function. Compile it with any standard C compiler and link with librt, when available. The source is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
C/C++ tip: How to measure CPU time for benchmarking explains how to get the CPU time spent by a process during a bit of code.
C/C++ tip: How to use compiler predefined macros to detect the operating system explains how to use #ifdef macros for OS-specific code. A few of these are used in the code above to detect Windows, OSX, and UNIX variants.
A Comparison of the Time Interfaces on HP-UX/Itanium explains how to use various time macros and functions for HP-UX.
Mach Absolute Time Units (Technical Q&A QA1398) from Apple.com explains how to use mach_absolute_time( ) and mach_timebase_info( ) to get a time useful for benchmarking on OSX.
Microsecond Resolution Time Services for Windows explains the main time functions under Windows and the observed limits of their resolution.
Posix Options at Kernel.org explains optional POSIX features and defined constants, including _POSIX_TIMERS.
Time Stamp Counter at Wikipedia explains the use of timing registers available on memory processors, and the problems inherent in using them.
Tutorial: Performance and Time at MacResearch explains how to use mach_absolute_time( ) and mach_timebase_info( ) to get a time for benchmarking on OSX.


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We offer a world of opportunity in a fun and dynamic office. Our atmosphere is what sets us apart; it's impossible to go a day without laughing, and you'll be sure to create lasting networks and friendships.
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Situated in the heart of downtown Montreal, we offer opportunities in assurance, tax, consulting, deals and risk assurance services. You'll get experience working with various industries, such as manufacturing, mining, financial, technological and retail, without being required to specialize. This approach allows you to explore and determine your true strengths and interests. Our wide array of clients also offers you the possibility to work on mandates outside of Montreal and sometimes out of the province.
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