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L'unité de Thiviers-Payzac, parfois aussi appelée nappe de Thiviers-Payzac ou groupe du Bas-Limousin, est une succession métasédimentaire du Bas-Limousin, allant du Néoprotérozoïque terminal à l'Ordovicien. Elle appartient au socle varisque du Massif Central.

Terminologie
L'unité de Thiviers-Payzac fut nommée d'après Thiviers et Payzac, deux communes en Dordogne.

Géographie

L'unité de Thiviers-Payzac, appartenant géographiquement au Bas-Limousin, suit à partir de Thiviers au nord-est de la Dordogne sur 70 kilomètres le secteur d'un arc circulaire passant par Lanouaille, Payzac, Orgnac-sur-Vézère, Donzenac jusqu'à Brive en Corrèze. Initialement elle est orientée ONO-ESE (N110), mais change sa direction au nord d'Orgnac pour NO-SE (N135). L'unité se distingue au nord par l'accident d'Estivaux, un décrochement ductile senestre, des gneiss de l'Unité Supérieure de Gneiss. Plus à l'ouest elle bute aux roches appartenant à l'Unité Inférieure de Gneiss. Au sud-ouest l'unité est recouverte par les sédiments du Lias du bassin aquitain. Dans sa partie centrale elle est séparée de l'unité de Génis au sud par la faille sud-limousine – elle aussi un accident ductile décrochant, mais avec un sens de mouvement dextre. À l'est l'unité disparaît sous les couches rouges permiennes du bassin de Brive. Dans la vallée de l'Auvézère l'unité atteint sa largeur maximale de 9 kilomètres (en profil).

Au nord-ouest de Terrasson-Lavilledieu apparait un affleurement du socle qui fait partie de l'unité de Thiviers-Payzac. Sur environ 10 kilomètres il suit la même direction (N 110) que l'unité principale; sa largeur est 5 kilomètres.

Stratigraphie
L'unité de Thiviers-Payzac montre la succession stratigraphique suivante (de haut en bas):
 quartzite du Puy-des-Âges.
 complexe mafitique d'Engastine.
 schistes de Donzenac.
 grès de Thiviers.
L'unité  a subi l'intrusion de trois granitoïdes.

Quartzite du Puy-des-Âges
Le quartzite du Puy-des-Âges, la formation la plus jeune de l'unité Thiviers-Payzac, est un quartzite sériciteux très résistant de couleur blanche. Il forme des monadnocks qui surmontent le plateau du Bas-Limousin pénéplainé pendant l'Éocène. Le quartzite affleure dans une bande étroite de seulement 200 mètres dans la partie occidentale et centrale de l'unité. Il possède des affinités avec l'arkose du Puy-de-Cornut de l'unité de Génis voisine. Même une relation avec le grès armoricain en Bretagne est envisageable. Le quartzite devrait donc dater de l'Ordovicien.

Complexe mafitique d'Engastine
Le complexe mafitique d'Engastine est constitué de roches basiques d'origine magmatiques. Lui aussi affleure seulement dans la partie occidentale et centrale de l'unité de Thiviers-Payzac. Avec une largeur de 500 mètres il suit immédiatement au sud du quartzite du Puy-des-Âges. Au nord de Juillac sa largeur à l'affleurement augmente jusqu'à 2 kilomètres. L'âge du complexe est considérée comme Cambrien. Son épaisseur maximale est environ 500 mètres. Lithologiquement il consiste en des alternances de schistes verts/amphibolites entremêlés par des niveaux métadoléritiques et métagabbroïques. Les schistes verts, de granulométrie très fine et de couleur variable (entre vert clair et vert foncé), montrent la minéralogie suivante : plagioclase (oligoclase/andesine) et amphibole (hornblende) majoritairement, ainsi épidote (clinozoisite) et peu de biotite; accessoirement apparaissent quartz, calcite et minéraux opaques. Ces schistes verts sont issus de basaltes subalcalins. Les métadolérites et les métagabbros par contre sont plus grossiers et consistent en de la hornblende verte et un plagioclase basique saussuritisé.

Schistes de Donzenac
Sous le complexe mafitique suivent les schistes de Donzenac épizonales. Leur bande d'affleurement arqué atteint 3 kilomètres de largeur et passe de Donzenac, leur localité type, jusqu'à Lanouaille.  Ensuite le décrochement de Dussac les déplace à gauche, pour terminer au nord-est de Thiviers. Les schistes de Donzenac sont aussi attribués au Cambrien. Leurs couleurs montrent des nuances grisâtres satinées. Ils consistent surtout en des phyllosilicates comme muscovite et biotite ou muscovite et chlorite, accompagnés par quartz, plagioclase acide et grenat de la zone à almandin. Les schistes recèlent parfois des intercalations décimétriques; il s'y agit des arénites sombres à granulométrie fine, probablement des anciens grauwackes. Ces arénites sont composés de clastes de quartz, plagioclase et épidote entourés par de minéraux néoformés (phyllosilicates, quartz et albite).

Grès de Thiviers

À l'affleurement le grès de Thiviers est la formation la plus profonde de l'unité de Thiviers-Payzac. Il occupe presque deux tiers de la surface de l'unité. La formation est une succession volcano-détritique d'âge fini-néoprotérozoïque à cambrien. Elle peut être subdivisée en quatre faciès:
 grauwackes à granulométrie moyenne à grosse.
 schistes gréseux et tufs rhyodacitiques.
 conglomérats polygénétiques et intraformationels.
 quartzites issus de grès recristallisés.
Le grès de Thiviers est traversé par d'innombrables filons doléritiques métriques.

L'appellation "grès" est un peu trompeuse, car la formation est clairement volcanique et dominée par les tufs rhyodacitiques; tous les autres faciès ne sont que des remaniements de sédiments volcaniques d'origine. Ces anciens tufs riches en sodium forment des assises massives, sombres et épaisses (métriques). Dans une matrice très fine composé de chlorite, mica blanc, quartz et albite se distinguent des clastes millimétriques de quartz, plagioclase (albite ou oligoclase) et épidote. Les phénomènes suivants soulignent le caractère explosif du protolithe volcanique:
 quartz cataclasé, acéré et à formes anguleuses.
 plagioclase xénomorphe et anguleux.
 fragments de roches, en particulier des laves leucocrates albitiques.
Les grauwackes possèdent la même composition minéralogique et une texture similaire, mais ils sont plus riches en quartz et leur matrice micacée est plus abondante. Ils représentent probablement des remaniements de rhyodacites. En outre la composition chimique des quartzites est pratiquement identique avec les rhyodacites.

Le soubassement du grès de Thiviers  -  les paragneiss plagioclasiques et les micaschistes -  n'affleure nulle part dans l'unité de Thiviers-Payzac.

Roches intrusives
L'unité de Thiviers-Payzac héberge trois corps magmatiques majeurs:
 l'orthogneiss du Saut-du-Saumon.
 le granite de Corgnac.
 le granite d'Estivaux.

L'orthogneiss du Saut-du-Saumon
Le bâti de l'orthogneiss du Saut-du-Saumon est fortement étiré selon la direction NO-SE (15 kilomètres de long) et prend l'allure d'une seiche. Sa queue commence près de Donzenac au sud et ses tentacules terminent à l'alentour d'Orgnac près de la Loyre.

La roche est composée d'ocelles porphyroclastiques de taille subcentimètriques, c'est donc un gneiss œillé à feldspath alcalin avec une matrice quartzo-feldspathique. La biotite s'aligne de préférence dans les bandes de cisaillement sigmoïdes. Les porphyroclastes de feldspath alcalin sont souvent fracturés parallèlement et cisaillés en sens senestre.

L'orthogneiss est intensément folié. La roche contient aussi des linéations horizontales de direction NO-SE. Aux bordures avec son encaissant (grès de Thiviers et schistes de Donzenac) se développent de mylonites et des ultramylonites qui montrent des mouvements senestres. À l'intérieur se superposent des cisaillements dextres et senestres de façon non-coaxiale.

L'orthogneiss est dérivé d'un granitoïde porphyrique qui fut déformé plastiquement après la cristallisation. Son âge intrusif est probablement Ordovicien moyen (phase acadienne) . Selon Bernard-Griffiths (1977) les mouvements mylonitiques se déroulèrent vers 361 millions d'années au tournant Dévonien/Carbonifère.

Granite de Corgnac
Le granite de Corgnac est un massif allongé (6,5 kilomètres de long et 2,5 kilomètres de large) et encaissé parallèlement à la foliation du grès de Thiviers. À ses bordures apparaissent encore des traces de hornfels, ce qui démontre son caractère intrusif. Il a beaucoup d'affinités avec l'orthogneiss du Saut-du-Saumon et comme celui-ci date de l'Ordovicien moyen (470 millions d'années).

Le granite fut rétromorphosé vers 350 millions d'années sous conditions épizonales (zone à chlorite) pendant le métamorphisme régional. Sa composition le place dans les monzogranites calc-alcalins à subalcalins.

Le granite de Corgnac montre deux faciès très différents:
 granite cataclastique au sud.
 orthogneiss porphyroclastique au nord.
Le faciès granitique de couleur grise à rose est normalement isogranulaire, mais devient porphyrique par endroits. Il comprend les minéraux suivants:
 quartz – interstitiel.
 plagioclase – oligoclase basique zoné.
 microcline – souvent perthitique.
 biotite.
Accessoirement apparaissent muscovite, zircon, apatite et minéraux opaques.

Tous ces minéraux furent altérés plus tard  par la rétromorphose schistes verts. Ainsi la cataclase affecta quartz et biotite, le plagioclase fut envahi par la muscovite et la clinozoisite, et les aiguilles de rutile se formèrent dans la biotite.

Plusieurs corps microgranitiques porphyriques sont rattachés au granite.

Le faciès orthogneiss est dérivé du faciès granitique, mais est beaucoup plus déformé plastiquement. Il apparaît maintenant comme un gneiss œillé rubané avec des ocelles  de microcline et de plagioclase entourés par les minéraux de la foliation (quartz de granulométrie très fine, albite, clinozoisite fine et micas). La biotite est souvent chloritisée. Le sens de cisaillement n'est pas établi, mais est probablement dextre, car le granite de Corgnac appartient à la partie méridionale de l'unité Thiviers-Payzac.

Granite d'Estivaux
Le granite d'Estivaux est de caractère calc-alcalin; il fut déformé de façon hétérogène vers 346 millions d'années au Tournaisien. Comme l'orthogneiss du Saut-du-Saumon il possède aussi des tentacules sortant de sa partie septentrionale gneissique et mylonitique. Le granite a 8 kilomètres de long et 3 kilomètres de large. La faille d'Estivaux le sépare au nord-est des gneiss de l'Unité Supérieure de Gneiss. Au sud-ouest il est encaissé dans le grès de Thiviers et au sud il est délimité par le Clan.

Le granite est constitué de quatre faciès différents:
 faciès mélanocrate.
 faciès leucocrate.
 faciès blanc.
 faciès rose.
Sa minéralogie (pour le faciès mélanocrate) est composée de:
 porphyroclastes:
 orthoclase - de taille moyenne (jusqu'à 4 mm), partiellement fracturé; les fractures sont remplies par la microaplite .
 minéraux essentiels:
 quartz
 microcline
 plagioclase (albite/oligoclase)
 biotite
 muscovite
 hornblende verte - peut former des porphyroclastes
 minéraux accessoires:
 sphène
 zircon
 myrmékite
Le faciès mélanocrate contient beaucoup d'enclaves de composition basique et des schlieren. Le faciès blanc et le faciès rose ne sont que des variations du faciès mélanocrate, ils affichent seulement une granulométrie plus fine. Leurs différences en couleurs sont dues à la coloration des feldspaths, le faciès rose étant plus riche en hématite. Le faciès leucocrate a la composition d'un leucogranite intensément cisaillé et très riche en muscovite.

Le granite d'Estivaux montre donc un gradient très accentué en déformation et en alignement minéralogique de l'ouest à l'est. En s'approchant de la faille senestre et mylonitique (avec structures en S-C) d'Estivaux le faciès mélanocrate peu déformé change pour un faciès leucocrate fortement déformé. En même temps la teneur en microaplite (la fonte résiduelle) baisse de 20 % à seulement 5 %.

Le sens de cisaillement dans le granite d'Estivaux est uniformément senestre.

Organisation structurale
Toute l'unité de Thiviers-Payzac est intensément plissée. Comparable à l'unité de Génis plus au sud le plissement est très serré et redressé, mais la longueur d'onde est en général un peu plus courte (autour de 100 à 125 mètres, augmentant plus au sud par endroits à 200 mètres). Les axes sont horizontaux et dirigés vers l'ONO-ESE (N 110, à l'ouest de la Loyre, mais N 135 à l'est). La stratification (S0) est fortement inclinée (autour de 80 °) vers le nord ou vers le sud. Parallèle au plan axial une schistosité (S1) très nette s'est développée, soulignée par des minéraux néoformés. Le plissement serré est superposé par un deuxième plissement beaucoup plus ouvert (longueur d'onde de 2 kilomètres environ) créant des synclinaux et des anticlinaux. L'axe du premier synclinal est situé tout près de la faille sud-limousine et le premier anticlinal se trouve sous Saint-Mesmin. Le tracé du quartzite du Puy-des-Âges marque le deuxième synclinal, enfin le deuxième anticlinal traverse Saint-Cyr-les-Champagnes.

Une linéation de crénelation parallèle aux axes de plis est aussi apparente. Les minéraux métamorphiques néoformés s'orientent toujours le long cette direction.

Toutes ces structures changent de cap en arrivant à la Loyre et commencent à suivre la direction NO-SE (N 135) jusqu'à la disparition de l'unité à l'est de Brive.

Métamorphisme
L'unité de Thiviers-Payzac fut métamorphisée sous conditions épi- à mésozonales. Les parties supérieures de la succession appartiennent encore au faciès schistes verts, mais les parties inférieures déjà au faciès amphibolite. La présence de la chlorite et de la biotite chloritisée le long les bandes de cisaillement et à l'intérieur des ombres de pression clairement indique la rétromorphose, qui est connue d'ailleurs depuis quelque temps au Massif Central.

Évolution structurale
Comparable à l'unité de Génis toute l'unité de Thiviers-Payzac subit un décrochement de caractère ductile. Par contre le sens du mouvement n'était pas homogène. Sa partie méridionale jusqu'à l'anticlinal de Saint-Mesmin témoigne du même sens de cisaillement que l'unité de Génis - dextre. Plus au nord-est apparaît ensuite une zone mixte où les deux sens de mouvement coexistent. À partir de la bande septentrionale du grès de Thiviers on rencontre seulement le sens senestre, remarquablement développé proche de la faille d'Estivaux. Là le coefficient de cisaillement γ atteint des valeurs autour de 5,4. Cela implique un déplacement senestre total d'environ 30 kilomètres emmagasiné par la totalité des déformations ductiles. Quant aux intrusions, l'orthogneiss du Saut-du-Saumon recèle deux sens de mouvement, mais le granite d'Estivaux que le sens senestre.

Les structures et les méthodes microtectoniques suivantes soulignent le cisaillement senestre dans le grès de Thiviers au nord :
 l'analyse des axes <c> du quartz.
 les ombres de pression asymétriques et senestres autour des porphyroblastes de grenat.
 les porphyroclastes du type σ.
Dans les schistes de Donzenac on voit des structures suivantes :
 les bandes de cisaillement senestres.
 les ombres de pression senestres autour des prophyroblastes de biotite.

Même l'Unité Supérieure de Gneiss est affectée près de Saint-Cyr-les-Champagnes de cisaillements senestres (lentilles de quartz cisaillées en sens senestre).

Dans les schistes de Donzenac on peut observer comment le cisaillement dextre se superpose au cisaillement senestre et donc est postérieur. Ici les porphyroblastes de biotite sigmoïdes cisaillés en sens senestre sont clairement affectés par des bandes de cisaillement dextres, avec néoformation de la chlorite rétrograde.

En fin de compte ces cisaillements pénétrants sont également responsables pour les plissements de l'unité de Thiviers-Payzac. Les structures plissées peuvent être interprétées comme des plis d'étirement dans une zone décrochante transpressive. L'étirement en continu imposa une rotation aux plis naissants jusqu'à ce que leur alignement final soit identique à la direction d'étirement maximale

Les étirements tectoniques subis par l'unité de Thiviers-Payzac ne s'arrêtèrent point avec la fin des mouvements ductiles. En régime cassant l'unité fut affectée par plusieurs petits décrochements senestres orientés NE-SO, normalement avec des déplacements de l'ordre de 500 mètres. Une exception fait le décrochement de Dussac au nord de Lanouaille, qui montre un déplacement de presque 6 kilomètres!

Datations des mouvements
La datation de mouvements tectoniques est fondée sur les comparaisons avec les terrains de lithologie et de structuration similaire, comme par exemple le Massif armoricain (Synclinal de Chantonnay en Vendée) et le Rouergue. Les mouvements dextres se déroulèrent au Massif Armoricain méridional entre 325 et 305 millions d'années pendant le Namurien et le Westphalien (ç.à.d. pendant le Serpukhovien et le Moscovien). Pour  l'unité de Thiviers-Payzac au Bas-Limousin (étant considérée comme un prolongement de la Vendée vers le sud-est) on peut donc supposer un âge Carbonifère moyen à Carbonifère supérieur pour la déformation. L'âge comparable des leucogranites au Limousin central et septentrional supporte cette argumentation.

Mais il existe aussi quelques datations à l'argon qui donnent un âge tournaisien pour l'intrusion du granite d'Estivaux et pour les mouvements mylonitiques de l'orthogneiss du Saut-du-Saumon. Ils signalent donc un épisode tectonique déjà au Carbonifère inférieur pour le Bas-Limousin (phase bretonne).

Références

Géologie de la France


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5 Best Bets This Weekend in Houston: Scrooge, King of Pop and an ArtCrawl
Susie Tommaney November 16, 2018 4:00AM
Ghastly apparitions do a death dance in the Alley Theatre's production of A Christmas Carol – A Ghost Story of Christmas. Photo by T. Charles Erickson
There's nothing traditional about the holidays here in Houston. We've got a staging of A Christmas Carol that just might shock English author Charles Dickens, a Broadway-style musical tribute to Michael Jackson, a chance to wear that ugly Christmas sweater, and the last stop of the year for The Great Inflatable Race, a bounce-tastic obstacle course for the kid in all of us. We've also got the annual Art Crawl with looks at more than 150 artist spaces, including the doomed studio of David Adickes.
Shawn Hamilton reprises the role of Mr. Marvel.
Photo by John Everett
Even if political headlines are causing some grumbling, 'tis the season to leave the "bah humbugs" to Ebenezer Scrooge. We've got a new cold-hearted miser taking the stage in Alley Theatre's annual production of A Christmas Carol – A Ghost Story of Christmas. Interim Artistic Director James Black does double-duty as Scrooge while also directing the classic story about redemption and the spirit of the holidays. Jay Sullivan returns as the optimistic nephew Fred, as does Melissa Pritchett as the Spirit of Christmas Past, David Rainey as the Spirit of Christmas Present, Paul Hope as Fezziwig and Chris Hutchison as the overworked Bob Cratchit. The Alley first premiered this production in 1990 and recent performances have amped up the spooky, scary quotient. Still, it's appropriate for children as young as six, making this an excellent school field trip during the matinees.
7:30 p.m. November 16, 2:30 and 7:30 p.m. November 17 and 18. Performances continue November 16-December 30, Alley Theatre, 615 Texas, 713-220-5700, alleytheatre.org, $37 to $85.
Don't miss this King of Pop tribute act when Miller Outdoor Theatre hosts I AM KING – The Michael Jackson Experience this Friday night.
Photo courtesy of Miller Outdoor Theatre
Holographic concerts are still more novelty than mainstream and the closest audiences can get to the stellar legends from years past is through tribute acts. Only the truly talented who can moon walk, move and dance like the gloved one are chosen for I AM KING – The Michael Jackson Experience. Miller Outdoor Theatre's stage will be electrified in this Friday night concert filled with live music, dancers from Broadway and Las Vegas, and MJ's double singing hits like "Bad," "Billie Jean," "Thriller," "Man in the Mirror" and "Human Nature."
8:30 p.m. November 16, Miller Outdoor Theatre, 6000 Hermann Park Drive, 281-373-3386, milleroutdoortheatre.com/events/1176, free.
WHAM is more than an English musical duo from the '80s. Here in Houston, the Winter Holiday Art Market (WHAM) champions local artists and creative entrepreneurs to succeed in the business of art.
Photo by Getty Images
There's no shortage of ways to uglify a sweater. Add a carrot nose to a snowman, sew on a few awkwardly placed tassels, and press the button to make Rudolph's nose glow so bright. Bad attire is the main attraction at Fresh Arts annual "Ugly Sweater" themed Preview Party and Happy Hour, a ticketed event with open bar, light bites, live entertainment and first crack at shopping from more than 65 artists and makers, including paintings, sculpture, photography, jewelry, clothing and soap. Winter is finally here and the artful weekend continues Saturday and Sunday at the Winter Holiday Art Market 2018 with free entry, tax-free shopping, live music and even a selfie station, courtesy of the team at Station Theater.
6-10 p.m. November 16, 11 a.m.-8 p.m. November 17, 11 a.m.-4 p.m. November 18, Winter Street Studios, 2101 Winter, 713-868-1839, winterholidayartmarket.com, free to $20.
Get ready to conquer or be conquered at The Great Inflatable Race with Volcano Escape, Castle of Doom, Train Wreck, The River and Big Baller.
Photo courtesy of The Great Inflatable Race
Remember how it felt when you got too tall for the bouncy houses at the carnival? Well somebody figured out that we're never too old for inflatables, and The Great Inflatable Race is closing out the season with one more day of jump-tastic fun in Houston. Each race has between eight and 10 massive inflatables for bouncing, bumping, climbing and sliding on custom obstacles. The race isn't timed or judged, so everybody's a winner and there are always a few zany costumes, like the solo racer who dressed as a dill pickle or the family who wore matching rainbow tutus. Upgrade to a VIP race ticket for access to the Inflatable Village for post-race fun on the Big Baller, the Gladiator Joust or the Bungee Run.
9 a.m. November 17, Sam Houston Race Park, 7575 North Sam Houston Parkway West, thegreatinflatablerace.com/houston, $34.99 to $90.
More than 150 artists are participating in ARTCRAWLhouston2018. Check the website for supplemental events, including a bike scramble that kicks off at FotoFest International.
Photo by Marco Torres
The wrecking ball hasn't yet come for David Adickes' studio on Nance — though it's looming on the horizon with the planned rerouting and expansion of I-45 downtown — but until that happens we can still check out some of his gigantic presidential heads at ARTCRAWLhouston2018. Ground zero is Mother Dog Studios, the oldest surviving warehouse in Houston, which also serves as headquarters for this daylong event that looks at 15 different artist warehouses downtown. Check out artist John Runnels current exhibition, "Body.Language," stop for a bite at Last Concert Cafe, then bike, skate, ride, hike and crawl your way to Hardy & Nance Studios, Michael Morton Architects, the original Silo Studios, Notsuoh, Harambee Art Gallery, JoMar Visions and more. Some studios also will be open November 18.
10 a.m.-9 p.m. November 17, Mother Dog Studios, 720 Walnut (additional locations are on map below), 713-229-9760, artcrawlhouston.com, free.
Select your transpo then bike, skate, ride, hike and crawl your way through some of downtown Houston's hippest art studios.
Graphic by Louise Schlachter
Susie Tommaney is a contributing writer who enjoys covering the lively arts and culture scene in Houston and surrounding areas, connecting creative makers with the Houston Press readers to make every week a great one.
Contact: Susie Tommaney

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Panic! At The Disco Reach New Milestone With "High Hopes"
Panic! At The Disco's "High Hopes" has been in the Billboard Hot 100 for 24 weeks now and is definitely not about to lose their spot in it.
On the contrary, the single has risen from the sixth spot to the fourth.
The only tracks still atop are "Without Me" from Halsey, "Sunflower" by Post Malone & Swae Lee and "Sicko Mode" by Travis Scott.
This is also the band's highest charting single in the Billboard Hot 100.
Congratulations to the band, once again!
Do you think the single is going to be dropping soon?
Let us know!


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Law Society Latest: Legal Aid Cuts too Deep
03 Oct 2013 - News,
Donna Riley reviews the recent comments of the Law Society on the imminent legal aid cuts.
The Law Society today backed Lord Neuberger, the president of the Supreme Court, who aired fears about the fact that from next month thousands of people will no longer have access to free legal advice after the government withdraws funding for numerous categories of civil and family law.
Lord Neuberger said his main worry was that those frustrated by an inability to seek justice would 'take the law into their own hands'.
Responding to Lord Neuberger's concerns, Richard Miller, head of Legal Aid at the Law Society, said:
'We echo Lord Neuberger's fears about people taking the law into their own hands as a result of an inability to seek justice following the government's civil legal aid cuts. He has spelled out exactly what we've been saying for a very long time; there is clear evidence that the government's civil legal aid cuts will cause significant knock-on costs within the legal aid budget, across the rest of the Ministry, and in other government departments. They could easily cost the taxpayer more than they save.
'King's College research findings, commissioned by the Law Society and published in January last year, showed that cutting access to justice for people on low incomes is a devastating false economy. As well as all the knock-on costs, the social consequences will be damaging to the whole of society, not just the vulnerable who will take the worst hit of all. The Law Society has previously suggested alternative savings that would make a bigger contribution to reducing the deficit by making the civil justice system more efficient, but the government chose to ignore this.
'The biggest regret is that Lord Neuberger's warning has generated so much attention, just weeks ahead of these cuts being implemented, whereas similar warnings, from many quarters before and during the Parliamentary process during which these cuts were introduced, went largely ignored by government.'
But ignoring sensible advice is what this Government excels at.


The Mahindra Marazzo in the range-topping M8 grade was available only as a 7-seater initially. Now, it is available in the 8-seat version as well.
The 8-seat version of the Mahindra Marazzo's M8 grade commands a premium of INR 8,000* and costs INR 13,98,000*.
The 7-seat Mahindra Marazzo M8 retails at INR 13,90,000*. The 8-seat version, commanding a premium of INR 8,000, costs INR 13,98,000*. The 8-seat version of the M2, M4 and M6 grades are priced at INR 5,000 higher than their 7-seat version. The prices of the MPV were going to go up this month, but they haven't yet; the introductory prices are still effective.
The M8 grade of the Mahindra Marazzo comes equipped with features like 17-inch alloy wheels, daytime running lamps, power foldable mirrors, automatic climate control, leatherette upholstery, rear camera and 7-inch capacitive touchscreen infotainment system with 8GB internal memory, GPS navigation, Apple CarPlay and Android Auto.
The Mahindra Marazzo measures 4,585 mm in length, 1,866 mm in width 1,774 mm in height. It has a 2,760 mm wheelbase. Folding down the second-row and third-row seats frees up a luggage space of 1,055 litres in the 8-seat version.
Under the hood, the Mahindra Marazzo has a new 1.5-litre four-cylinder diesel engine that produces 121 bhp at 3,500 rpm and 300 Nm of torque at 1,750-2,500 rpm. This engine sends drive to the front wheels via a 6-speed manual transmission.
Mahindra was going to hike the prices of the Marazzo this month, but the introductory prices are still effective.
Mahindra launched the Marazzo on 3 September 2018. By the end of the year, it managed to sell 14,994 units. At almost 3,800 units a month, the MPV is off to a decent start. Pricing-wise, it falls in a sweet spot between the Maruti Ertiga (INR 7,44,000* onwards) and the Toyota Innova (INR 14,06,000* onwards).


Exploration no. 121325 is a Test pit (depth 1.2 feet) named: SL-Pond no. 3 described in subsurface document no. 51094. The document, a report titled Hydrogeology / Soils Study for the Plat of the Pond at Greenbriar was prepared by D. R. Strong Consulting Engineers, Inc. on 04-29-1994 for a Residential project.


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text:
Black Racists Recruited to Guide the Jihad
October 11, 2008 sheikyermami	4 Comments
By John Perazzo  FrontPageMagazine.comÂ
Black Muslim lawyer Khalid Abdullah Tariq al-Mansour recently made news when it was revealed that he was a patron of Barack Obama and recommended him for admission to Harvard Law Schoolin 1988. Back in the 1960s, al-Mansour, whose "slave name" was then Don Warden, was deeply involved in Bay Area racial politics as founder of a group called the African American Association. A close personal adviser to Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, al-Mansour helped the pair establish the Black Panther Party but later broke with them when they entered coalitions with white radical groups. After becoming a Muslim, al-Mansour found not only an ideological justification for his racism but also a political purpose. That was, in the words of a memorandum produced by the Muslim Brotherhood and seized by the FBI as part of its probe of the Holy Land Foundation, to "eliminate and destroy the Western civilization from within." Many black racists like al-Mansour are key figures in this "stealth" jihad, whose prime recruiting grounds are the U.S. prisons and mosques where inmates and worshippers alike are taught to embrace a radical Islam engaged in an apocalyptic battle against America.
Al-Mansour met Saudi Prince Alwaleed bin Talal in the mid-1970s and formed a relationship that led to al-Mansour's hiring as attorney to King Saud. He has since been an adviser to Saudi billionaires who fund the stealth jihad and spread Wahhabi extremism in America.
       White racists for CAIR: which race is Islam again?
Other black racist Islamists play less glamorous but equally significant roles as Imams at major mosques in the U.S.; as chaplains in prisons and jails; and as radical figures who haunt American higher education by advising and speaking for organizations such as the Muslim Students Association (MSA) on campuses across the nation. Whatever audience they target, they speak a lingua franca of anti-white, anti-Semitic, anti-American hatred—all in the name of Allah.
And why is it that black racists such as al-Mansour constitute a significant proportion of these hate mongers? In large part, it is because blacks have been specifically and aggressively targeted for recruitment by leaders of the worldwide jihad, just as they were targeted for recruitment by the Communist Party USA in the 1920s. Black grievance, combined with the evangelism of the Nation of Islam over the last seventy years, has established an audience for the ideology of hate.
The prison, as the last bastion of racism and racial separatism, has become a prime recruitment center for radical Islam. Al Qaeda training manuals found by U.S. troops in Afghanistan reveal thatAmerica's black prisoners, who constitute nearly half of the nation's two million inmates, are viewed by terrorists as a potentially bountiful source of new jihadi recruits. The immensely wealthy Saudi government, which has made the propagation of radical Islam in America a top priority, has shipped tens of thousands of copies of the Koran to U.S. jails in recent years. Through the National Islamic Prison Foundation, Saudi money finances an extensive "cript type=">">prison outreach" program that seeks to convert inmates to Islam and to anti-Americanism. Prison chaplains are typically Wahhabis (practitioners of Saudi Arabia's most extreme, fundamentalist form of Islam) who have been certified and trained as religious officials by either the Islamic Society of North America or the Graduate School of Islamic and Social Sciences, both of which are currently under federal investigation for ties to terrorism. Islam expert Stephen Schwartz states that "radical Muslim chaplains … acting in coordination to impose an extremist agenda … have gained a monopoly over Islamic religious activities in American state, federal, and city prisons and jails." Some 135,000inmates convert to Islam annually, and almost all of these converts are African Americans.
Focusing their efforts and fortunes not only on prisons, the Saudis also have spent many millions of dollars funding a majority of America's mosques, and have dispatched Imams from a number of Middle Eastern nations to settle in the U.S. as missionaries. Faheem Shuaibe, an Imam at a predominately black mosque in California, says that Saudi Arabia has set up "a very deliberate recruitment process … trying to find black Muslims who had a real potential for Islamic learning and also for submission to their agenda" of Wahhabi extremism. According to Islam scholar Daniel Pipes, there are approximately "a million American-born converts to Islam (and their descendants) in the United States and most of them have shifted allegiances away from their native country." Pakistani religious leaders Sami ul-Haq and Fazrul Rehman predict that "in the next 10 years, Americans will wake up to the existence of an Islamic army in their midst—an army of jihadis who will force America to abandon imperialism and listen to the voice of Allah."
The racial composition of this jihadi army is, of course, influenced by the Saudi targeting of African Americans. According to Reza Safa, an authority on Wahhabism's spread throughout the world, "as many as 90 percent of American converts to Islam are black."
The somewhat shadowy Khalid Abdullah Tariq al-Mansour embodies the marriage of racism and Islamism that characterizes the stealth jihad. Using his legal training to leverage his standing in the Islamic world, al-Mansour is a black nationalist and an outspoken hater of the United States, Israel, and white people generally. In recent years he has accused the U.S. of plotting a "genocide" designed "to remove 15 million black people, considered disposable, of no relevance, value or benefit to the American society." He has told fellow blacks that "whatever you do to [white people], they deserve it, God wants you to do it and that's when you cut out the nose, cut out the ears, take flesh out of their body, don't worry because God wants you to do it." Alleging further that Palestinians in Israel "are being brutalized like savages," he accuses the Jews of "stealing the land the same way the Christians stole the land from the Indians in America."
Other black racists who echo al-Mansour's ideas include Imam Abdul Alim Musa, founder and director of the As-Sabiqun movement, which aims to "enable Islam to take complete control of … the lives of all human beings on Earth." In 2004 the San Francisco Bay View described Musa as "one of the highest-ranking Islamic leaders in the Black community, nationwide and specifically in the Islamic movement." Born in Arkansas as Clarence Reams, Musa was raised in Oakland,California. During the 1960s, he embraced the violent ideology of the Black Panthers.  He went on to become a leading cocaine-exporter in Colombia, a crime for which he eventually was incarcerated. While in prison, he converted to Islam and took his present name. An avid supporter ofIran's lateAyatollah Khomeini, Musa calls for Islam to "take over America."Â
He praises Muslim suicide bombers as "heroes" who courageously "strike at the heart of Zionism." He predictsthat "this way of life known as Islam will dominate all other ways of life." He lauds those who seek to honor Allah by means of violence. He says that America holds values and attitudes consistent with those of the Ku Klux Klan. He has praised Osama bin Laden, Hezbollah, and Hamas. And he holds that the 9/11 terrorist attacks were orchestrated jointly by the U.S. and Israeli governments in order to provide a pretext for waging war against Islam.
Warith Deen Umar (formerly Wallace Gene Marks), who was repeatedly incarcerated as a teenager, is a retired Muslim cleric who spent two decades helping to run New York's Islamic prison program. A confidante of Nation of Islam kingpin Louis Farrakhan, Umarpersonally recruited and trained dozens of chaplains. With help from the Saudi government, he brought that country's fanatical brand of Islam to New York's Muslim inmates. Hebelieves that the 9/11 hijackers should be honored as martyrs, and that the U.S. risks further terrorist attacks because it oppresses Muslims around the world. Viewing black prisoners as potential soldiers in such attacks, Umar says, "Prisons are a powder keg. The question is the ignition." He wrote in an unplublished memoir, "Even Muslims who say they are against terrorism secretly admire and applaud" the hijackers. The Koran, he added, does not condemn terrorism against oppressors of Muslims, even if innocent people are killed in the process. "This is the sort of teaching they don't want in prison," he said. "But this is what I'm doing."
Sheikh Khalid Yasin is a U.S.-born, Atlanta-based Muslim convert (and a Malcolm X disciple) who has been a popular guest speaker at Muslim Students Association (MSA) events across the United States. He candidly states that America one day will be governed by Sharia (Islamic Law); that Muslims should steadfastly refuse to become friends with non-Muslims; that 9/11 was orchestrated by the U.S. and/or Israel; that homosexuals should be killed in accordance with Koranic mandates; and that AIDS was invented at a U.S. government lab for the purpose of killing nonwhites around the world.
Former Nation of Islam member Amir-Abdel Malik-Ali is a black Imam in Oakland who also has become a familiar figure on U.S. campuses where he speaks for the MSA. A passionate supporter of Hamas and Hezbollah, he endorses suicide bombings as a legitimate "resistance" tactic of Muslim "martyrs." He calls for "an Islamic revolution" that will lead to the creation of "an Islamic state" where "Allah controls every place—the home, the classroom, the science lab, the halls of Congress." He maintains that "the Zionist Jews" were responsible for the Danish cartoon controversy that sparked Muslim riots around the world in 2006. He accuses the "apartheid State ofIsrael" of carrying out a "holocaust" and a "genocide" against the Palestinian people. Referring to Jews as "new Nazis" and "a bunch of straight-up punks," he warns Jews: "[Y]our days are numbered…. We will fight you until we are either martyred or until we are victorious."
Such are the commitments of the figures who have become the spearpoint of the Islamic jihad inAmerica. Moving out from the hidden corners of American society into universities and other public places, these preachers of hate have made racism and Islamism into a potent toxin that they release under the cover of diversity and religious pluralism.
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4 thoughts on "Black Racists Recruited to Guide the Jihad"
"Islamophobia"=BS says:
Blacks who are Koranists are obviously ignorant of history. Koranists have treated blacks worse than whites throughout history and deep into the 20th century blacks were still held as slaves by them, long after whites quit that odious practice. The frightening thing about this bunch is that they will be given legitimacy if/when their good buddy Barrack Oprahma captures the White House. Who knows what will happen then-maybe the insane story of Dr. Yacub and his creation of white people (from Nation of Islam lore) will be required reading in history textbooks. No doubt the equally insane idea of reparations for slavery which ended over 140 years ago will be given serious thought as well. I may need to apply for asylum in some other country if such lunacy prevails.
shiva says:
Don,t these black nazislamist ever think what would have been the outcome if their forefathers had been sent to Saudi or any where else in the former Ottoman Reich.
sheikyermami says:
Eunuchs, Shiva: castrated guards for the harems of the pasha's and sultans. Or just simply slaves, kept in abject poverty and flogged for fun whenever it pleases the masters. I'm slowly convinced that white people are amongst the dumbest, most degenerated fools that inhabit the earth, because we allow this charade to continue.
notobama says:
It's crammed down our throats Sheik. By the lefty's. I never vote a lefty in, ever. But then we have a huge state like California with more rep's than you can count with the likes of Pelosi. Then you have the lefty's up in the northeast and they vote in their leftys. Middle America is given so few representatives. In my own state, SC, we have one desent man in Washington, Jim DeMint, that's it! And he is trying very hard on our behalf, then to wipe out everything he may do is the ever grinning sickening Lindsay Pantywaist Graham. Yes, he'll sell us down the road. He's one of the ones you refer to when you say "degenerated fools". I am sick, but what can one outnumbered person do but sound the alarm and vote conservatively?


By Elizabeth Woyke (Forbes -- "For the quarter, analysts expect Verizon to post earnings of 61 cents per share, down a penny from a year ago, on revenues of $24.74 billion. They expect AT&T earnings to decline to 65 cents per share from 71 cents in the year-ago period on revenues of $31.35 billion. In December, AT&T announced it would cut 12,000 jobs throughout 2009."


Our Lady Queen of Martyrs is a parish family seeking to be the welcoming and warm presence of Jesus Christ to the diverse peoples of the area, including persons with disabilities. A disability can be physical, sensory, mental, or developmental.
Do you have a disability that makes it difficult for you to fully participate at Mass or other activities of the OLQM community? OLQM will do its best to accommodate special needs, when possible.
Please contact the rectory at 718-268-6251 or email Karen Mongiello, the Parish Advocate for Persons with Disabilities—disabilities.olqm@gmail.com—to make your special needs known.


■Fuji Xerox said that its chairman and three other executives were stepping down over accounting problems discovered at its operations in Australia and New Zealand.
■Fuji Xerox sales managers in New Zealand and Australia overstated revenue by 37.5 billion yen in the five years.
■The episode carries echoes of other recent accounting scandals that have embarrassed corporate Japan such as Toshiba.
■The problems have a common cause between Toshiba and Fuji Xerox: managers who were unwilling to acknowledge that the business they oversaw was struggling.


text:
Banking, Book excerpt
Let loanable funds R.I.P.
The Global Economic Crisis brought about a questioning of economic orthodoxy, no meaningful introspection from the Ivory Tower establishment, and a catalyst to those interested in economic ideas to search the econ blogosphere. Economic blogs come in all shapes and sizes, the 200 most influential are listed here yet many take the unabashed position to posit ideas "as they should be" from the perspective of the bloggers beliefs and preferences rather than as they are.
A particular point of contention is the discussion of money, banking and money market operations. People who have actually worked in this sector, be they on the sell side as a broker or dealer in the capital markets function of an investment bank or on the buy side on a treasury desk for a bank or a major corporation understand the vagaries and nuances of origination, funding, loans and deposits. Some may view money from a metallist perspective while others from the chartalist perspective and all have their own innate beliefs as to whether the US Federal Reserve's actions are for the greater good or for nought but in the end, most should not have time for drivel such as loanable funds theory or the fairy tale that is the money multiplier. Banking does not work that way.
If yours truly were a student today interested in the money markets then the indispensable text remains Marica Stigum's Money Market, currently in its Fourth Edition and co-authored by Anthony Crescenzi. None of this stuff may be glamorous –after all MBA hot shots want to be Masters of the Universe and PhD Quants want to run the latest black box hi-frequency algorithm– but it is essential. The USD sits atop the hierarchy of money in the global financial system. If you understand the plumbing, you understand the connectedness thereafter when it seizes up as it would have done if the out of politicians in Washington had not reached a deal (however temporary).
What follows is a short explanation of the Fed Funds market "as it is" not as future and past winners of the Sveriges Riksbank Prize "believe it to be."
(Emphasis in the passages below added by me]
The Federal Reserve requires that all commercial banks and depository institutions maintain reserves against their liabilities in the form of deposits at the Fed. Any vault cash such institutions hold also counts as reserves.
Prior to 1984, the reserves that a bank had to maintain during the current settlement week were based on the average daily deposits it held over a seven-day period two weeks earlier. Monetarists pushed for contemporaneous reserve accounting on the theory that it would reduce short-term fluctuations in money supply by forcing banks to adjust their reserves and thereby their lending to their current, not their previous, deposits. This was a naïve notion based on some Econ 101 text's outmoded description of banking: a bank gets a deposit, and says, "Gee, I automatically make a loan."
In real life, banks did not and do not operate that way. When loan demand was strong, money center banks adjusted their loans not to what deposits they received, but rather to the level of loans that their valued, creditworthy customers demanded of them; these banks then funded their loans, to the extent necessary, by buying money in the money market. This is a luxury that today's bankers enjoy because both the supply and the demand for money have been strong for a few years. For example, the amount of commercial and industrial loans outstanding was at a record level in the middle of 2006, having increased by about 25% from two years prior before demand began to surge. Moreover, the banking system has been highly profitable, as evidenced by the FDIC's Quarterly Banking Profile, which has shown that FDIC-insured banks earned record profits for five years straight through 2005, with earnings of $134.2 billion that year.
In any case, at the time of the switch to contemporaneous reserve accounting, banks objected on the grounds that the switch would be operationally expensive for them and, to boot, serve no useful purpose.
A second problem bankers saw with contemporaneous reserve accounting was that, while the Fed might get more current information, it might be less accurate because even a small error rate would amount to a large amount of money.
Despite bank protests, the Fed went ahead in 1984 with contemporaneous reserve accounting, some said as a sop that then Chairman Volcker felt he had to throw to the monetarists, who were at the time a vocal, in-fashion group.
Today, the reserves that a bank must maintain during the current settlement period are based on the average daily deposits it held before the settlement period began. This has been the case since July 1998 when the Fed adopted this lagged reserve accounting structure. Specifically, Federal Reserve rules state that a bank's average reserves over the settlement period must equal the required percentage of its average deposits in the two-week period ending the Monday 16 days earlier. Banks receive credit (up to 4% of its required) in one two-week period for small amounts of excess reserves they held in the previous period; similarly, a small deficiency in one period may be made up with excess reserves in the following period. The carryover privilege is, however, limited to one period. A bank cannot go red (have a reserve deficiency) two periods in a row; and if it goes black (runs a reserve surplus) two periods in a row, the second period's surplus becomes excess reserves for which it gets no credit. Thus, a bank's settlements with the Fed tend over time to follow a pattern, alternating red and black settlement periods.2
For reserve calculation purposes, the reserve period begins on Thursday and ends on Wednesday. In settling with the Fed, a bank starts with a certain required average daily level of reserves. It need not hit its required level every day, but its average daily reserve balances over the reserve period must equal this figure. (Stigum et al. 2007)
2 The 4% surplus or deficiency that a bank may carry forward equals 42% of the total reserves it must hold over the reserve period, which in turn equals the bank's required reserves multiplied by 14; this is so because a bank's "required" refers to the average balance it must maintain over a 14-day period. Thus, if a bank's required were, for example, $1 billion, it could carry forward a reserve surplus or deficit equal to: $1 billion × 14 × 4% = $560 million.
Marcia Stigum, and Anthony Crescenzi, Stigum's Money Market, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007), 492-493.
contemporaneous reserve accounting
Crescenzi
Federal Funds Market
lagged reserve accounting
Stigum
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Etisalat Nigeria Beats Deadline, Changes Name | Welcome to Dare Lasisi's blog!
In line with the demand of Etisalat Group, Etisalat Nigeria has complied with the demand that it changes its name within three weeks.
The demand for a change of name was handed down last week by the Etisalat Group in the United Arab Emirates, which gave three weeks ultimatum.
According to THE CABLE, the new name of the company will be 9Mobile.
Recall that Etisalat Group pulled out of Etisalat Nigeria following an unresolved $1.2 billion bank loan.


text:
Between Nostalgia and Apocalypse
Popular Music and the Staging of Brazil
by Daniel B. Sharp
Chronicles the entanglement of traditional and experimental music in northeast Brazil
Message Wesleyan University Press
World rights available.
Wesleyan University Press has an editorial program that focuses on poetry, music, dance, science fiction studies, film-TV, and Connecticut history and culture. Publishing in its current form since 1957, Wesleyan University Press has published an internationally renowned poetry series, collecting five Pulitzer Prizes, a Bollingen, and two National Book Awards in that one series alone.The mission of Wesleyan University Press is to develop and maintain a sound and vigorous publishing program that serves the academic ends and intellectual life of the University.
Publisher/Imprint Wesleyan University Press / Wesleyan
Publication Date November 2014
FormatDigital
ReadershipGeneral
SeriesMusic Culture
Wesleyan University Press has chosen to review this offer before it proceeds.


Our office will be closed though the weekend, though we are always on call for casting.
So we do get asked many times a day on the phone and some of you asked on the Facebook, so.... I'm here to answer.
The slowness in the industry. How could I sum it up in a blog post? There are several factors and I'll try to list them, but some may be just generalizations and not apply to everyone and every situation.
The Economy: Yes, it's effecting our industry too, and it has been for a while. People are not investing the money in projects and studios are tentative about creating large scale productions. As a result, not only do we have fewer projects, but of the ones that are up and running, they are scaled back.
Run-Away Productions: This is mainly a problem with features, but there are many incentives for productions to shoot out of Los Angles and California. Governor Schwarzenegger pushed to get production incentives through last February (LA Times article), but most other states have greater incentives than California. Thought it helps, it does not level the playing field. Productions leave because it's cheaper to shoot elsewhere.
Union Issues: Failures of union leadership, infighting, SAG versus AFTRA. Most new television productions are AFTRA. SAG productions are down. It's funny that when there is an election we hear from SAG and AFTRA almost daily, and now when we need the unions to push to keep work in Los Angeles and fight for it's members... nothing... not a peep.
Holidays: Yes, the holidays are upon us. It's usually slow at this point, but this year, it's slow on top of slow... so here we are.
I know we've been saying this for a while, but we do expect productions to pick up. When? Hopefully soon, maybe after 2010 rolls around.
Other than reasonably hustling for work (without driving us or the casting directors crazy of course), there are a few things you can do to help yourself and improve your chances of getting work.
Make sure your files are active and up to date with casting. Many people have encountered their Central files going inactive lately. Has it been longer than 2 years since you registered with them? Have you changed your look? Maybe you should go update your pictures with them and any other casting you have registered with in the past.
Was there a look that worked for you in the past better? Examine your look and type so you make sure you submit for roles that are realistic. Did you decide to dye your hair a color that is not found in nature? Are you an 18 to look younger type who has decided to grow a beard? You get the picture.
Further yourself. Take a class or volunteer. Just because you're not working doesn't mean you have to sit by the phone and cry (just kidding!) Trust me, I know it's easy to sleep in until noon, do a bunch of nothing all day, and before you know it, it's time to go to bed again. Be proactive.
Please comment if you have anything to add. Thanks!
Want to know what's going on in our industry in LA?
This is my favorite blog to find out what's going on in LA movie/tv world. People call and ask us questions often and this is where I get most of my reliable information.


University of Chicago's undergraduate program is known for its emphasis on critical thinking and broad interdisciplinary exposure to the full range of intellectual discovery. The College classrooms have a reputation for being hotbeds of exhilarating discourse. Discussions that start in the classroom often move to the dormitory hall, to the lunch table, and into the community. AChicagoeducation is a life-changing experience.
At Chicago, campus and community are interconnected in partnerships that serve both to support the community and train future policymakers, social workers, artists, and social and political leaders. The University of Chicago Charter School, run by the Urban Education Institute, serves Chicago public school students with four campuses for students in pre-kindergarten through high school. The Mandel Legal Aid Clinic teaches Law School students advocacy skills, professional ethics, and the effect of legal institutions on the poor, while assisting indigent clients. While the University of Chicago contributes specifically to the metropolis, the city in turn serves as a living laboratory for addressing social issues on a national and global scale.
Biological Sciences Division, Chicago Booth School of Business, The College (undergraduate studies), Divinity School, Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies, Harris School of Public Policy Studies, Humanities Division, Law School, Physical Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, School of Social Service Administration, Social Sciences Division.
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Asian Student Union, Association for Computing Machinery, Best Buddies, Catholic Students Association, Chess Club, Chicago Debate Society, Chicago Society, China Care Club, College Bowl Team, Colleges Against Cancer, Entrepreneurship Club, Engineering Society, Folk Arts Community, International Students' Association, Japanese Club, Judo, Mahjong Society, Outdoor Adventure Club, Undergraduate Philosophy Group etc.
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text:
<?php

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namespace Drupal\Core\Mail;

/**
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interface MailInterface {

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   * Formats a message composed by drupal_mail() prior sending.
   *
   * @param array $message
   *   A message array, as described in hook_mail_alter().
   *
   * @return array
   *   The formatted $message.
   */
   public function format(array $message);

  /**
   * Sends a message composed by drupal_mail().
   *
   * @param array $message
   *   Message array with at least the following elements:
   *   - id: A unique identifier of the e-mail type. Examples: 'contact_user_copy',
   *     'user_password_reset'.
   *   - to: The mail address or addresses where the message will be sent to.
   *     The formatting of this string will be validated with the
   *     @link http://php.net/manual/filter.filters.validate.php PHP e-mail validation filter. @endlink
   *     Some examples:
   *     - user@example.com
   *     - user@example.com, anotheruser@example.com
   *     - User <user@example.com>
   *     - User <user@example.com>, Another User <anotheruser@example.com>
   *   - subject: Subject of the e-mail to be sent. This must not contain any
   *     newline characters, or the mail may not be sent properly.
   *   - body: Message to be sent. Accepts both CRLF and LF line-endings.
   *     E-mail bodies must be wrapped. You can use drupal_wrap_mail() for
   *     smart plain text wrapping.
   *   - headers: Associative array containing all additional mail headers not
   *     defined by one of the other parameters.  PHP's mail() looks for Cc and
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   *
   * @return bool
   *   TRUE if the mail was successfully accepted for delivery, otherwise FALSE.
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   public function mail(array $message);
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Cape Breton > News
Outrage, concern over Cape Breton hospital closures
Nicole Sullivan | Posted: June 25, 2018, 7:26 p.m. | Updated: June 26, 2018, 12:04 a.m. | 3 Min Read
During the presentation, Dawn Reid, right, could be seen talking heatedly with her friends about why closing the hospitals wasn't going to work. - Nikki Sullivan
SYDNEY, N.S. — Concerned citizens shouted in anger, worry and disgust during the Liberal government's announcement regarding Cape Breton hospital closures on Monday.
More than 200 people listened to the new plan to update the Cape Breton Regional Municipality's health-care system which included closing the hospitals in New Waterford and North Sydney.
People were also upset they weren't given a chance to ask questions at the end of the presentation.
Lila Briggs from Sydney left during Premier Stephen McNeil's speech, which was last, because she was too distraught.
"We're done here. We're done. We're losing our hospitals. They can sugar-coat it all they want, we know what's going on," she said, fighting back tears.
"I'm very upset. They come in here, they take everything and then they go back to Halifax."
Stuart MacDonald was very vocal during the presentations, booing the Liberal MLAs and calling the premier a "murderer." During McNeil's speech, security asked the Sydney Mines resident to leave.
"They're stripping us of what we had. Payments from Ottawa don't come here, now they're closing our hospitals, how long before the airport closes? How long before they say, 'oh we're taking CN and moving it to New Brunswick?'" he asked.
"Stephen McNeil doesn't care for Cape Breton ... We should stop sending our taxes to Halifax because we're getting nothing. All we get is a stick up the rear end."
Florence resident Dawn Reid could be seen shaking her head and talking with her friends during the presentation. She told the Post people in Cape Breton are "passionate" about what is happening with health care.
"There are people dying … going from Northside to Sydney so that 30 minutes (it takes to get there) makes a big difference, doesn't it?
"McNeil doesn't care. He's a liar. They're all liars. They don't answer emails. If it gets uncomfortable they block you on Facebook … It's ridiculous."
Anthony Sturgess was there with his wife Rose Sturgess and their three-year-old son, Kenneth. While they didn't seem angry, the couple was concerned the changes would result in hospital overcrowding.
Last winter when Anthony had the flu, the Glace Bay resident spent two-and-a-half days on a gurney in the hall of Glace Bay Hospital before he could get a bed at Cape Breton Regional Hospital.
"With the changes they are making, the emergency rooms are going to be a lot more crowded because of all the overflow from Northside and New Waterford," he said.
"Next year, when flu season hits, it's going to be crazy, it's going to be worse than last year."
Although it seemed the majority of the crowd was upset by the announcement, there were a few who were pleased with it.
"I am very happy with it," said a local woman who wished to remain anonymous because she works for the government.
"People have to grow. We need change."
Related coverage:
• Hospital overhaul in Cape Breton
• Cape Breton politicians upset with LIberal government plan to close hospitals
• New Waterford businesses wonder how they's cope with loss of hospital traffic
• Glace Bay emergency room expansion part of announcement
• Some Cape Breton doctors concerned hospital closures will affect care
• Residents react to announced closure of New Waterford hospital
Cape Breton court report for Jan. 19, 2022
Federal government, Epekwitk Mi'kmaq establish national park reserve along P.E.I.'s north shore
Renaming process for Dartmouth's Prince Andrew High School resumes after pause caused by pandemic


text:
Q: Jquery dynamic list item select first filtered search item My question, when user search text on input field how do I select first filtered matching list item? and if user click enters it automatically click first selected item. I will be very thankful for your help. Thanks in advance.
//pug file which displays dynamic list items. Each list item has href tag url link.

 .row
   .col-md-8.offset-md-2.pad
    .form(class="form-row justify-content-center deparrSearchForm")
      .form-group.col-md-8
        input(type="text" class="form-control form-control-lg" id="fromStation" name="fromStation" placeholder="Type train station name & press enter")
    for prop in stationName
      ul(class="list-group text-center" id="mylist")
          a(href="/train/search-deparrtrain-submit/"+prop.stationShortCode+'/'+prop.stationName)
           li(class="list-group-item") #{prop.stationName}

// Jquery which filter my input search text and display list items

$("#fromStation").on("keyup", function() {
var searchText = $(this).val().toLowerCase();

 $("#mylist li").filter(function(){
    var text= $(this).text().toLowerCase();
    if(text.indexOf(searchText) >= 0){
      $(this).show();
    }
    else{
      $(this).hide();
    }
 });
});

A: I think you should use index in filter function like:
 $("#mylist li").filter(function(index){
    var text= $(this).text().toLowerCase();
    if(text.indexOf(searchText) >= 0){
      $(this).show();
    }
    else{
      $(this).hide();
    }
 });

Then find that element by eq something like $( this ).eq( index ) do anything you wan.
or use $("#mylist").eq(index) in filter function.

A: My solution:
For input field keypress function I pass the event, dynamic list filter function I pass the index.
In the filter function, I assign the index value of filtered list item to the temporary array. I get all the filtered list item position. Now I can do whatever I want to do. For my case, if user press enter key, I will display the first filtered list items.
Jquery Code:
$("#fromStation").on("keypress",function(e) {
var searchText = $(this).val().toLowerCase();
var temparr=[];
$("#mylist li").filter(function(index){
    var text= $(this).text().toLowerCase();
    if(text.indexOf(searchText) >= 0){
      $(this).show().first();
      temparr.push(index);
    }
    else{
      $(this).hide();
    }
});
if(e.which == 13){
  $("#mylist li").eq(temparr[0]).click();
  console.log(temparr);
  return false;
 }

});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


After studying Industrial Technology at California University of Pennsylvania, Rick Gach moved to the Orlando area from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to begin a career in Orlando as a workers' compensation adjustor. In 1989, he began work as a litigation paralegal in the workers' compensation department at Morgan and Morgan, P.A.
In 2004, he began representing claimants at hearings before the Social Security Administration for the Morgan and Morgan firm. Since 2004, he has appeared in thousands of hearings before Administrative Law Judges in Florida and throughout the Country.
In 2013, he founded SSD Solutions based on the premise that clients deserved a more personalized experience with their Social Security Disability cases. He is dedicated to providing quality one-on-one representation and takes pride in helping disabled individuals obtain much needed benefits.
He was among the first group on non-attorney representatives in the nation to qualify for eligibility for direct payment of non-attorney fees by the Social Security Administration (EDPNA). He is an "Appointed Representative" with the Social Security Administration and a member of the National Association of Disability Representatives.


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text:
HOLMES: The perils of peace
War_Conflict
By Kim R. Holmes - - Wednesday, August 7, 2013
Winston Churchill famously said, "To jaw-jaw is always better than to war-war." That seems true enough — except when jaw-jaw is another way of making war-war. As the U.S. starts yet another round of peace talks between the Israelis and Palestinians, we had best remember the risks associated with past failed negotiations.
Let's start with the Camp David Summit. Trying to seal a peace agreement before he left office, President Bill Clinton reconvened negotiations between Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat in late 2000. Both sides did sign the "Clinton parameters," but with so many reservations it was clear they still couldn't agree on essential points.
Judge upholds Virginia governor's Capitol gun ban
It all collapsed, unleashing a second intifada — a wave of violence that killed about 3,000 Palestinians and more than 1,000 Israelis between 2000 and 2005.
The intifada was a terrible human tragedy, but it was made worse by a failure of imagination on the part of U.S. negotiators. Thinking no harm could possibly come from "giving peace a chance," they failed to foresee how dashed expectations and rank cynicism on the part of the players could spark a war.
One lesson from that failure should be remembered as Secretary of State John F. Kerry embarks on new peace talks. Before the Camp David meetings, Arafat had come under criticism for negotiating with the Israelis. There was dissatisfaction that his leadership not only failed to advance the Palestinian cause but was riddled with rampant corruption. He may have launched the intifada to blunt that criticism. What better way to consolidate control than a war that rallies all elements, including radical ones, behind him?
Current Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas is even weaker than Arafat was. He has no authority over Hamas-controlled Gaza. He's unpopular even in areas under his direct control, having postponed elections for years; his own legal mandate expired in January 2009. He not only lacks the power to deliver a peace deal but will likely be exposed as a greater weakling once he fails to stop the Israeli settlements (which surely will continue). It is an opportunity for a more radical and charismatic leader either to take over leadership of the Palestinian Authority or to spark violence in Gaza as a way to sabotage the talks.
Either way, matters could get far worse.
Sometimes wishful thinking about "peace" is not enough. The point is not to avoid talks; it's to be realistic about how each side will use them to advance what are essentially war aims.
The Israelis and Palestinians are so far apart on key issues like settlements and the status of Jerusalem that artificial attempts to force the issues are bound to fail and could possibly even backfire.
Both sides may be willing to placate Mr. Kerry, who's been so insistent; but they won't sacrifice their core interests for very long just to please an American secretary of state.
The main risk of talks is the hyperdisappointment that could follow failure. Expectations may be raised that this time is somehow different. What if it isn't? When the talks collapse, old simmering issues could explode in a blaze of disappointment.
Mr. Kerry undoubtedly is serious. He's spent countless hours cajoling the players to come to the negotiating table.
His vision of holding out the economic benefits of peace is laudable. Peace not only would end the tragic loss of life, but it could spark an economic renaissance for both the Israelis and Palestinians.
But hopefully Mr. Kerry won't forget the risks associated with this high-wire act. Good intentions are often not enough. They decorate pathways that lead to a very bad place indeed.
Peace is worth taking risks. But there are significant dangers in a "peace" that's not the real thing. If "jaw-jaw" is simply another form of "war-war," we could end up with more war and a lot less jaw.
Thus are the perils of peace.
• Kim R. Holmes, a former assistant secretary of state, is a distinguished fellow at the Heritage Foundation (www.heritage.org). Follow him on Twitter @kimsmithholmes.
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Quiz: Can you name the actresses that played these iconic TV characters?


This is an open house event (open to the public), and sponsored by the Board of Directors. Come out for an evening of tailgating for the Penn State vs Ohio State game, and make a reservation in the dining room for dinner. We will have extra TVs to watch the game on, as well as complementary appetizers for the tailgate party. This event is open to the public, so invite your friends and family! The Wheel Inn Board of Directors will be present to show guests the club and assist newcomers with ordering.


text:
OUR COMPETENCES
How Strata has helped Nanogence to attract blended finance from the European Innovation Council to tackle huge cement's carbon footprint
After water, concrete is the most widely used substance on the planet. It is used in buildings and infrastructure and being an essential element in all our lives. Concrete is today irreplaceable and cement is the piece that glues concrete's components altogether. But its benefits mask enormous dangers to the planet and to human health.
The chemical process of making cement represents the source of 8% of the world's CO2 emissions. One of the biggest challenges lies in establishing more environmentally friendly manufacturing processes.
The Swiss startup Nanogence has developed a unique additive that provides a game-changing innovation in the cement production by dramatically reducing the carbon footprint while given concrete unseen properties such as strength and performance.
Thanks to a scalable business case and a network of partners and providers, Nanogence is entering the global market through collaborations with the global cement producers, aiming to reach 4% of the global market share by 2026. The ngCon project, funded by the EIC Accelerator, has been a stepping stone in the development of Nanogence products and the incipient transformation of an industry that want to look at the future.
The company not only owes its success to its unique technology but to its team and leaders: Abhishek Kumar (CEO), Joel Claret (Finance Executive), Athanase Mugenzi (Civil Engineer), Grégory Delseth (Process Engineer), Sébastien Lüthi (Chemical Engineer), M. Taziki, (IT Technology Advisor), Bastian Bueno (Corporate Venture Advisor), H. Feng (Civil/Structural Construction Advisor), Vijay Junnuthula (Biology Advisor), Jegan Raman (Life Cycle Analysis Advisor), Raja. Chandran (Material Science Advisor).
Strata has been working with Nanogence for the last two years and our partnership has led Nanogence to attract blended finance from the EIC (European Innovation Council) for the ngCon project. The EU-funded ngCon project aims to address the challenge of cement production carbon footprint by researching and introducing several disruptive cement production processes that are more friendly for the environment. By using a novel smart nano-additive that reduces the carbon footprint of cement production, ngCon will enable a shift in the construction industry towards a more sustainable approach, reducing costs and energy demand.
The EIC Accelerator has provided support in the form of the maximum possible grant (2.5 M€) and is also carrying out the due diligence process for a 2.5 M€ equity investment. Strata is also actively working with Nanogence in the execution of this exciting project that has the potential to be a real game-changer for the construction industry.
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Today, technology does not have value by itself, but as an element of an adequate business model. The most promising startups, and most Unicorns, have
The role of patenting in start-up fundraising
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The third and latest cut-off call of the EIC Accelerator for 2022 closed on October 5, with more than 1000 applications requesting funding, which means
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Brent Davis January 28, 2019 Benton News Events Fun Video2 Comments on Polar Plunge makes a big splash!
It was a very cold start to the morning on January 26. The water temperature was 38 degrees. But that didn't stop more than 75 people from taking a flying leap into Hurricane Lake. Some came dressed as cowboys, others as a lumberjack and still more in whatever costume they could come up with.
Why would anyone in their right mind do such a thing, much less raise money for the right to sink beneath the bone-chilling water of Hurricane Lake in late January? That's an easy question to answer.
Because they care for their fellow human being. It's what we do in Saline County.
The event was the Saline County Polar Plunge, an annual effort to raise money for Special Olympics. Individuals and organizations raised money by gathering donations.
When the final tally came in at the end of the event, an astonishing $20,900 had been raised. That's more than four times greater than the amount raised in 2018!
Sponsors for the event were Hurricane Lake Estates POA, Everett Buick GMC, Horton Printing, Grant County Search & Rescue, Chic-fil-A of Bryant, Starbucks, Benton Police Department, ACDI, Arkansas National Guard, Benton Fraternal Order of Police, Twigs Florist and Pookies Popcorn.
Awards were given for Best Costume. Judges were Shane Broadway, Bryant Mayor Allan Scott, State Senator Kim Hammer, Susie Everett and Benton Mayor Tom Farmer. Special recognition was given to individuals and organizations for their fundraising efforts.
The Cool School Award went to Benton Junior High for raising $1,270.
Crye-Leike Realty won the Realtor Award and the Team award for raising $5,000.
The Plummeting Plunge Award, a new category, was presented to Lauren Redman for raising $900 as a "newcomer" this year.
Jessica Parker won the award for most money raised by an individual, $1,570.
Best Individual Costume Award went to Benton Police Chief Scotty Hodges for his cowboy attire.
Best Team Costume Award went to the Chip & Dale group. You'll see them on the video and will instantly know which team they are.
All-in-all, it was a great day. Thank you to everyone who came out, participated, volunteered and cheered on the plungers.
Be sure to watch the video. You will get a good idea about how much fun jumping into near-freezing water can be!
And it just might inspire you to take the plunge next year!
As a committee member for this event it is not only heart warming to see so many come together as one in support of this worthy cause, but also swells the soul with pride. Part of the goal of Special Olympics is to unify those with challenges and seeing this community unite as one is the ultimate prize. I am proud to call Saline County my home and look forward to seeing what this community can do in the future! Thank you! Thank you! Thank you! can not be said enough!
The effort to make this a big success was evident from the huge crowd that showed up. Kudos to you and everyone on the committee that made this happen. It was inspiring to see everyone pull toward the same goal and have so much fun doing it. We look forward to next year! Thank you for your comment, Stephanie.


Do I Feel a Revival of the Virtual Office Hours Coming On?
Maybe it is time to revisit our old You Tube series the Virtual Office Hours. After watching Seth Rudetsky's deconstruction of "The Schuyler Sisters" I thought we might be able to revive this series to correspond with my "Age of Hamilton" class in the Fall. (Of course our videos would be mostly historical rather than musical–I don't have Rudetsky's skill).
I should also add that my Pez dispenser collection has grown.


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text:
Q: Get property for Get-Counter commandlet I was exploring PowerShell to get sample of CPU utilization for couple of servers.
I am using Get-Counter command-let for this purpose.
I need value of CPU utilization or in other words cooked value for  counter "\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time" for certain sample and interval.
I use commandlet something like
$temp_array=Get-Counter  -ComputerName server1  -Counter "\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time" -MaxSamples 2 -SampleInterval 1
$temp_array[0].countersamples|Select-Object -Property CookedValue

and output is like
CookedValue
-----------
2.90508736147317

I just need the value. If I use
$array_temp=Get-Counter  -ComputerName pwisdevsql10  -Counter "\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time" -MaxSamples 2 -SampleInterval 1
[String]$var=$array_temp[0].countersamples|Select-Object -Property CookedValue
echo $var

It gives output
@{CookedValue=12.6116279752759}

Type Cast to double does not work.
How can I extract the value "12.6116279752759" only.

A: this should take care of it:
[String]$var=$array_temp[0].countersamples|Select-Object -ExpandProperty CookedValue

A: Just use the -ExpandProperty parameter in Select-Object. It returns the content/value of the property, and not an object with the property CookedValue like yours do atm. Like this:
$temp_array=Get-Counter -Counter "\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time" -MaxSamples 2 -SampleInterval 1
$temp_array[0].CounterSamples |Select-Object -ExpandProperty CookedValue


text:
Heartbreaking final text sent by dad who died of Covid after refusing vaccine.
A woman who lost her twin brother to coronavirus has shared the final text message he sent to her before dying from Covid after refusing the vaccine.
Bodybuilder John Eyers, 42, thought that he would only suffer from a "mild illness" if he caught the virus and had a "belief in his own immortality", his twin Jenny McCann said.
But unfortunately for him, the virus made him suffer a lot from organ failure and an infection.
The construction expert from Southport, Merseyside, died within a month of testing positive, leaving a daughter of aged 19 behind.
Jenny spoke to her "fit and healthy" brother on the phone before he was prompt into a coma and told him she loved him.
The woman said he was not well enough to reply but he sent her a text afterwards which read: "Don't let them give up on me."
Sorrowfully, that was the last message she received from her brother John. He has died before his family arrived at his bedside.
Jenny said that in his final days, John expressed his regret that he didn't get the Covid vaccine.
She said her brother was "the fittest, healthiest person" she knew and believed that her brother would be ok if he caught the virus.
He was climbing Welsh mountains and wild camping four weeks before his death," she wrote in a series of tweets.
"The only pre-existing health condition he had was the belief in his own immortality.
He thought if he contracted Covid-19 he would be OK. He thought he would have a mild illness. He didn't want to put a vaccine on his body. His was pumped full of every drug in the hospital.
"They threw everything at him. But eventually the bedfellow of Covid-19, the infection and organ failure, claimed his life.
"Before he was ventilated he told his consultant that he wished he had been vaccinated. That he wished he had listened. His death is a tragedy."
Jenny said she wanted to share John's story in the hope it would "save another life".
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Who Does New Brunswick's Recently Introduced Forestry Policy Benefit?
New Brunswick's (NB) provincial government announced recently a plan called, "Putting Our Resources to Work: A Strategy for Crown Lands Forest Management," which bolsters the province's declining forestry sector. Specifically, it will increase the amount of crown land available for harvesting by nearly 20 per cent. The government asserts that removing and processing additional wood will create jobs by encouraging additional investment in the area.
However, while the plan seems logical, closer analysis reveals a great degree of uncertainty about its potential to succeed.
The forestry sector, for instance, has undergone major technological advancements that result in more capital-intensive investment, as opposed to labour-intensive. The policy may very well encourage more investment, yet, it might flow into machines, instead of workers. Therefore, although the number of mills and employees in the province's forestry sector has decreased, it does not necessarily indicate that the amount of harvested lumber has. The ability of this policy to create jobs is limited, not to mention optimistic (however, the amount of public land that the provincial authorities are opening to corporations is very generous). As a result, while technological advances continue to make the industry more efficient, they also give reason to doubt the government's expectation of increased demand for workers.
NB's provincial government addressed public concerns regarding conservation efforts by committing double the amount of protected land in the province. What it failed to mention, however, was making these promises in 2012 and scheduling them to take effect in 2014. Consequently, the government is only promising an additional 6,000 hectares of Protected Natural Areas (PNA), not nearly as much as the 135,000 hectares it claimed. Inside PNAs, there is no forestry activity of any kind; yet, key elements of sustainable environmental planning, such as buffer zones along rivers, remain outside this designation. Hence, there is still a great deal of concern about the adverse effects of additional harvesting and processing in NB forests.
In addition, there is uncertainty about the magnitude of positive spinoff. For instance, while the demand for private wood will likely increase, larger firms are no longer required to purchase from private companies. The cost advantages of harvesting crown land and the increasing ability of large companies to do so illustrates exacerbates this effect. Much of the private sector has been struggling to remain profitable and it is difficult to say how much of a boost private woodlot demand will see from greater forest industry investment in the area.
NB's new forestry plan, announced just two years after the provincial government released a ten-year plan, suggests altered motivations. Public opinion regarding the former plan was largely positive, yet, the province's new approach is unfavorable toward public input. One year of consulting with public organizations, researchers, and experts occurred before finalizing the 2012 plan, however, this time, the government did not seek external advice or opinions. Furthermore, while smaller firms have struggled to compete, bigger firms have political influence that allows them to bargain for more rents. Perhaps, then, the province's new strategy has less to do with creating economic growth and more to do with convincing bigger firms to stay. Indeed, their exit could cause the province a significant amount of economic distress.
In any case, this policy's long-term approval by New Brunswick residents will presumably depend largely on whether it acts as a subsidy to the firms that lobbied for additional rents or as a true expansion of industry opportunities resulting in economic growth for the province.
This entry was posted in Economics, Politics and tagged Canada, Canadian, competition, cronyism, democracy, Economy, forestry, free market, free markets, Government, Ideology, monopoly, New Brunswick, policy, politics, rent, rent seeking. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
package de.learnlib.api.statistic;

import de.learnlib.api.algorithm.LearningAlgorithm;
import net.automatalib.automata.fsa.DFA;
import net.automatalib.automata.transducers.MealyMachine;
import net.automatalib.words.Word;

/**
 * Common interface for learners keeping statistics.
 *
 * @param <M>
 *         the automaton type
 * @param <I>
 *         input symbol class
 * @param <D>
 *         output symbol class
 *
 * @author Jeroen Meijer
 */
public interface StatisticLearner<M, I, D> extends LearningAlgorithm<M, I, D>, StatisticCollector {

    interface DFAStatisticLearner<I> extends StatisticLearner<DFA<?, I>, I, Boolean> {}

    interface MealyStatisticLearner<I, O> extends StatisticLearner<MealyMachine<?, I, ?, O>, I, Word<O>> {}
}