With nearly fifteen years of legal experience, Angela provides dedicated and incomparable client service. As a founding partner of MBM Attorneys, Angela concentrates her practice on estate planning and civil litigation. Angela provides not only compassionate and exceptional services to her clients, but also focuses her attention on creating customized and unique estate plans tailored to each of her client's different circumstances. Each estate plan reflects the client's goals and desires while also concentrating on ensuring that tax burdens are minimized, family harmony is achieved, and practical solutions are reached.
Prior to founding MBM Attorneys, Angela worked for several prominent Los Angeles litigation firms where she both represented and defended clients in a wide range of civil litigation matters including insurance defense, catastrophic injury, medical malpractice, construction defect, premises liability, personal injury and complex toxic tort and mass tort litigation. Angela has represented clients in both federal and state court litigation and has unparallel experience in every stage of litigation from client counseling and management through pre-trial, trial and appellate matters.
Given Angela's extensive litigation experience, she also represents a select number of plaintiffs and defendants in both state and federal court in various areas of civil litigation, including personal injury, landlord/tenant disputes, fraud, negligence and breach of contract matters. Angela builds a trusted relationship with all her clients by respecting their unique concerns and desires.


Is Joint Custody Better for a Child's Health?
Parents often worry about how their decisions during a divorce impact their children. Especially when it comes to custody, it can be hard to separate what's best for your kids from what's best for you. A recent study published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health dealt with the issue of child custody and how those arrangements impact the health and well being of children. So, is joint custody better for a child's health?
The study in question was based on a review of data concerning nearly 150,000 children between the sixth and ninth grades. Of the larger sample, nearly 70 percent lived with both parents, 10 percent shared time equally between parents in a joint custody arrangement and 20 percent lived mostly or entirely with only one parent.
The researchers discovered, to their surprise, that there were physical and psychological differences in the outcomes between children based on which group the children were in. Those kids who lived with both parents suffered the fewest incidents of headaches, stomach aches, sleeping problems, sadness, and stress.
Children who lived with only one parent suffered the most problem, especially headaches and trouble sleeping. When asked, these children also said they were the least satisfied with their relationships with their parents. Those kids in a shared custody arrangement had fewer problems than those who lived with only one parent and were only slightly less satisfied with their parental relationships than those children who lived at home with both parents.
Though researchers say the results were surprising and deserve further study, it is important to note that factors other than custody arrangements could have an influence on the children's health.
Source: "When divorced parents share custody, it's better for their kids' health," by Linda Searing, published at published at WashingtonPost.com.


text:
Mother searches for justice after son was shot and killed in North Phoenix
By Justin Lum
Updated 10:14PM
Mother searching for answer after son was shot and killed
Joseph McNally was killed in North Phoenix during the early morning hours of July 30. Now, his mother is trying hard to learn what led to her firstborn being killed. FOX 10's Justin Lum reports.
PHOENIX - A Phoenix family is still looking for justice after a loved one was shot and killed.
According to Phoenix Police officials, 28-year-old Joseph McNally was shot somewhere near 28th Drive, between Peoria Avenue and Cactus Road. That area is close to the former Metrocenter Mall.
The shooting happened just after 3:30 a.m. on July 30. McNally died at the hospital.
The suspect is unknown, but police officials say a mid-sized, dark colored SUV, possibly a Lexus with several people inside, was seen driving away after the shooting.
Victim's mother searching for answers
Joseph McNally (Julie Ferer)
Since July 30, Joseph McNally's mother has been living a nightmare. From planning her firstborn's funeral, to trying to learn what led up to his murder.
"I just don't understand why someone would do something horrific to take life from someone so special he had his whole life ahead of him," said Julie Ferer.
Ferer says she is taking the fight into her own hands. She is passing out Silent Witness flyers in the area north of the former Metrocenter Mall, trying to find anyone who may have seen what happened to her son 28-year-old son.
"I was out there til about 6:00 this morning, just trying to figure out what happened because it's a homicide," said Ferer. "We don't get a whole lot of information cause it's an ongoing investigation."
McNally, who was the oldest of four, always checked in on his family with a routine phone call. Ferer says she will miss everything about him
"He was just a kind, loving soul. Very compassionate. He was a great brother and son," said Ferer. "I won't let it go cold. I'm not gonna stop."
Anyone with information should leave an anonymous tip by calling Silent Witness at 480-WITNESS. Spanish speakers can leave an anonymous tip by calling Testigo Silencioso at 480-TESTIGO.
Meanwhile, McNally's family is trying to raise money for his funeral, as well as contributing to the Silent Witness reward
Si tiene alguna información sobre este caso, llame a la línea de Testigo Silencioso (480-TESTIGO, 480-837-8446).
https://www.silentwitness.org/
(Click here for GoFundMe)
Ex-East Valley school principal accused of committing sexual acts with students
Teacher files lawsuit to stop school mask mandate amid ongoing debate
Court orders Arizona State Senate to release records related to controversial election audit
Download FOX 10 apps for local breaking news and weather

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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This intricately woven, handcrafted tribal necklace is made by Zulu women using traditional Zulu tribal designs and colors. The colors of red, gold, copper, bronze and gunmetal are much more vivid than the photo is able to show. The ball and loop closure has three options for closing as seen in one of the photos.


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The Slow, but Steady Work of Inclusion
By Shira Ruderman
A few weeks ago, our partners at the Feuerstein Institute told us that Mor and Yuval had gotten engaged. I'd never met either one of them, but I was thoroughly overjoyed and moved, not just because love is a beautiful thing, but because Mor and Yuval both are people with disabilities and had been participants in the Feuerstein-Ruderman Hazon Partnership and Marriage Preparation Course. To some of you, especially the younger readers, the significance of this may not be obvious. Only twelve years ago, when we began our work of disability inclusion in Israel and the U.S., it was very common to look at people with disabilities as unmarriageable. The view was that they may not be able to form a typical family and so society excluded them from marriage altogether. But, as we could see with the engagement announcement, this was now changing thanks to the work we had been doing all over Israel.
This shift toward greater inclusion is not confined to just Israel. Here in the U.S., where we have been working with Jewish communities directly and been doing advocacy beyond the Jewish community, I am seeing more and more inclusive events, employment opportunities, housing programs, inclusive synagogues, higher education initiatives and even outreach from various organizations trying to actively include the 20% of the population who have disabilities. It is a wonderful feeling to witness this slow, but steady transformation in public attitudes and behaviors. I could not be more proud of the work we and our partners are doing, but it is important to remember that this work did not arise spontaneously. It was the result of a strategic, philanthropic approach and persistence.
In the beginning, when we approached possible partners with the idea of disability inclusion, we were met with a lot of resistance. People thought that the issue wasn't sexy and that not enough people cared about it. We would get replies like, "I'm focused more on revamping higher education, not on disability inclusion." I could hardly believe my ears back then. What better way to revamp higher education than to fully include all of the high-risk students who had a disability? But we persisted. We insisted that we needed to have a holistic approach that took into account the entire human lifespan, from birth to death. We knew that we had to balance a focus on our programs with a focus on raising awareness so that society would begin changing its attitudes toward this pressing human rights issue.
And ultimately thanks to balanced strategies like these, I believe our society has changed. For example, I've noticed that in the area of philanthropy, more and more organizations are focusing their giving on disability inclusion as a cause. When it comes to disability within organizations, I've noticed that more and more Jewish companies in the U.S. and Israel have disability inclusion in their mission statements. But maybe most importantly, I've noticed that people are simply talking more about inclusion. It is on their minds and their vocabularies and ultimately in their actions.
I believe it's important to celebrate all this progress, but it is also imperative not to rest on our laurels. We have to stay entrepreneurial if we want to continue seeing change. Here at the Ruderman Family Foundation, we have always taken the stand that it's essential to identify a community's needs and identify leadership vacuums, and then to focus our energies there. We've pushed the envelope by challenging our partners and colleagues to come up with new technology, new social businesses and new investments in the name of inclusion. And our partners and colleagues have stepped up to the plate with remarkable strength, endurance and innovation. It is this kind of collaboration, where we push each other to always do better that has transformed the arena of disability inclusion in the last twelve years.
I hope that in another twelve years, we at the Ruderman Foundation will be out of business. I wish that we won't need to speak of inclusion because we will be an integrated society in everything we do. I hope inclusion will be a state of mind that our kids will grow up with. I hope that I will witness more and more couples with disabilities getting engaged and getting married and that it will no longer be considered revolutionary and unusual. I wish to see the social justice movement fight for people with disabilities like it has fought for other minorities and marginalized people.
I believe such a future is possible. And I believe that the Jewish community and the state of Israel – given the changes we have already effected in our midst through persistence and strategic philanthropy – need to lead the world to such a future.
Shira Ruderman is Director of the Ruderman Family Foundation which focuses on the inclusion of people with disabilities into society.
This post is part of a series from the Ruderman Family Foundation that coincides with Jewish Disability Awareness Month.


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Laura Boldrini (Macerata, 28 de abril de 1961) es una periodista y política italiana. Miembro de la coalición Izquierda, Ecología y Libertad fue elegida diputada por Sicilia en las elecciones generales de febrero de 2013. Fue presidenta de la Cámara de Diputados italiana durante la XVII legislatura de la República Italiana.

Biografía
Laura Boldrini nació en Macerata el 28 de abril de 1961. Su padre era abogado, y su madre maestra de la educación artística. Es la mayor de cinco hermanos. Pasó la mayor parte de su infancia y adolescencia en Iesi en la provincia de Ancona donde asistió a la escuela primaria. Empezó su trabajo como voluntaria en 1981 cuando decide mudarse durante tres meses a Venezuela donde trabajó en una plantación de arroz. Realizó en esa época diversos viajes por América Latina y otros países del mundo.

Se graduó en Derecho en 1985 en la Universidad de Roma La Sapienza con una tesis sobre la libertad de prensa. De 1983 a 1986 trabajó para la Agencia de Prensa Italiana y Emigración (AISE) y se inscribió como periodista profesional en 1986. Durante los siguientes dos años trabajó en la RAI en varios programas de televisión y radio, como productora.

En 1989 inició su carrera en Naciones Unidas. Trabajó primero en el gabinete de prensa de la FAO en producción de video y radio y en 1998 en el Programa Mundial de Alimentos (PMA) como portavoz y secretaria de prensa en Italia. Durante esos años, realizó misiones en la antigua Yugoslavia, el Cáucaso, Afganistán, Tayikistán, Mozambique e Irak.

De 1998 hasta el 2012 fue portavoz del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR) coordinando las actividades de prensa e información de Italia en los países del sur de Europa. Entre los temas que trató están el asilo, la migración en el Mediterráneo y emergencias internacionales. Desarrolló misiones en diferentes lugares de crisis: Bosnia, Albania, Kosovo, Pakistán, Afganistán, Sudán, Angola, Irán, Jordania, Tanzania, Burundi, Ruanda, Sri Lanka, Siria, Malawi, Yemen.

Durante su etapa en ACNUR en varias ocasiones se mostró crítica con la política migratoria llevada a cabo por el gobierno de Mario Monti al que acusó de no tomar distancia de los movimientos políticos partidarios de la expulsión de extranjeros sin papeles.

Trayectoria política
En 2013 fue elegida diputada por la circunscripción de Sicilia en la lista de la coalición Izquierda, Ecología y Libertad. El 16 de marzo fue elegida Presidenta de la Cámara de Diputados con 327 de los 618 votos de la cámara. En segundo lugar quedó Roberto Fico del Movimiento 5 estrellas que logró 108 votos. Se convirtió así en la tercera mujer en presidir esta cámara después de Nilde Iotti e Irene Pivetti. En su primer discurso Boldrini evocó el carácter europeo de Italia y apeló a la transparencia y a la sobriedad.

Fue la primera persona al frente de la Cámara de Diputados en participar en la jornada del Orgullo Gay Nacional que se celebró en Palermo el 22 de junio de 2013.

Premios y reconocimientos
En 1999 fue galardonada con la medalla oficial de la Comisión Nacional para la Igualdad y la igualdad de oportunidades entre hombres y mujeres.

El 26 de febrero 2004 recibió, por iniciativa del presidente de la República italiana, la medalla de la Orden al Mérito de la República Italiana.

En 2009 obtuvo el premio del Consejo nacional de la Orden de Periodistas por su carrera como agregada de prensa, y por otro lado la revista semanal Familia Cristiana la eligió "Italiana del año".

Publicaciones
 2010 Tutti indietro.

 2013 Solo le montagne non si incontrano mai. Storia di Murayo e dei suoi padri con la historia de un niño de somalia gravemente enfermo que un militar italiano trajo a Italia y 14 años más tarde conoce a su padre a partir de una emisión de televisión.
 2015 Lo sguardo lontano, con la editorial Einaudi sobre su experiencia en la institución que preside.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

| predecesor = Gianfranco Fini | sucesor =  Roberto Fico }}

Políticas de Italia|
Mujeres periodistas de Italia
Diputados de la XVII Legislatura de la República Italiana
Diputados de la XVIII Legislatura de la República Italiana
Nacidos en Macerata
Políticos de Italia del siglo XXI
Italianas del siglo XXI

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be a debilitating condition in which we are constantly reliving past traumas. It is a kind of anxiety disorder characterised by flashbacks and nightmares of past events.
It is likely that a person with PTSD will have significant sleep problems, and may also be suffering from depression, anxiety, panic attacks, phobic responses, OCD and any number of other anxiety related conditions.
With PTSD, the survival part of the mind is reliving the trauma as if it is still currently happening. Due to extremely high levels of stress, the intellectual part of the mind has not been able to assess this memory and file it away as being finished and over.
With the help of hypnotherapy, you can learn to relax, and to reduce the stress in your life. this in turn will allow the intellectual mind to deal with past events and de-traumatise them so that you can move forward in your life without the flashbacks and nightmares.
We can help to rebuild your confidence and self-esteem, so you can be the person you want to be and regain control of your life.
All clients are treated with the utmost sensitivity, respect, and confidentiality. It is not necessary to disclose any details you do not wish to – therapy will still be effective even if you wish to keep the past events to yourself.
During your Initial Consultation, we will explain how the brain works in relation to stress, anxiety and PTSD. We will also give you a relaxation CD to begin the process. Therapy sessions are positive and forward-focused, helping you to move forward in the way that is right for you.


Mountainside Resort Condominium with Worcester Range views from the deck, dining and living rooms. Open, sunny living space. Gas fireplace. 2 bedrooms/2 baths. Indoor pool and fitness center, outdoor tennis. Onsite property and rental management. Union Bank will finance at Mountainside.


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Although I am not a cruiser I know many of you are, or want to be, so let's chat. An article I read recently pointed out several good things cruises have to offer, five of which are listed below.
Travel Far, Unpack Once: A great alternative to hauling luggage around on planes, trains, and automobiles, spending one or two nights in a hotel, just to get up and do it all over again, on a cruise you will unpack once, yet spend each day of your trip in a different port or country.
Value for Money: Dollar for dollar, cruising is exceptional value for money, with ships ranging from basic to six-star, and many fares including everything you could possibly need for a great trip. They include accommodations, food, daily activities, nightly entertainment, transportation between destinations, and some even include flights where needed.
The Destinations: Cruising offers travelers the opportunity of visiting a number of diverse places in a single trip. Few land-based holiday options offer the opportunity of going snorkeling on a reef one day, shopping for local handicrafts in a rural village the next, exploring ancient ruins in a great city the day after, and rounding every day off back on board with a cocktail by the pool watching the sun go down.
Floating Resorts for All: Cruising is no longer just for the "overfed and nearly dead." Cruise lines now target different types of cruisers from singles and couples, to families with kids. The ships come in many different shapes and sizes, from exclusive 16-guest expedition vessels to uber-liners carrying over 5000.
Do as Much or as Little as you Please: Cruising is very social, or not, depending on your mood or circumstances. It can also be romantic, offering couples some downtime together, or even a honeymoon. Like being busy? Today's ships can have you on the go 24/7. Which cruise line and ship you choose will determine if you can enjoy it your way, though, so we'll discuss that next month.
You won't find cruises on driftersister.com, but you will find some reasonably priced, small-group tours.


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Benigembla és una població i municipi de la comarca de la Marina Alta, en la Vall de Pop i en el País Valencià.

Geografia
Benigembla es troba a uns 314 m d'altura del nivell del mar. Les principals altures destacables del seu terme municipal, que té 18,4 km², són el Morro d'en Serra (1.001 m), el Cavall Verd (793 m), la Penya de l'Altar (999 m), la Solana (793 m) i el Mirabó (691 m). Limita amb els termes de Murla, Castell de Castells, Parcent, Tàrbena, i la Vall de Laguar.

Enclavat a la Vall de Pop, a la vora del riu Xaló-Gorgos i al peu de la serra del Cavall Verd, la seua orografia és molt esquerpa i procliu a la pràctica de senderisme, amb la pujada a la Penya de l'Altar (890 m); o al Penyó (793 m) de la muntanya del Cavall Verd o de Pop; el paratge i la zona recreativa del Safareig o la Font; la Zona d'Acampada de la Vall de Pop en la partida de les Palmeres; els barrancs d'Alcaina i de Galitero; la ruta de la Penya Blanca (denominada així perquè està enclavada en un paratge on mai pega el sol) o les fonts de l'Ullet, del Pasqualet; de Dalt i de Baix;la del Xop; la Font Roja, i la Font de les Murteres.

Hi destaca l'ascensió al cim del Cocoll (1.048 m), ruta senyalitzada i que s'inicia des del camí del Corral Nou, a uns 350 metres de Benigembla en direcció a la carretera que va a Castell de Castells. Les vistes, si l'oratge ho permet, són magnífiques: El Cavall Verd, el Carrascar d'Ebo, Alfaro, el Pla de Petracos, Serrella, Aixortà, Aitana, i el Carrascal de Parcent.

El riu Gorgos passa per Benigembla i al llarg del seu recorregut és abundant en canyes, que els llauradors de la zona han usat com a matèria primera per a elaborar canyissos (per a les teulades o per a estendre sobre ells el raïm a fi que el sol el secara i el convertira així en pansa), cistelles, paneres, gàbies, tabaquets de cosir, etc.

Localitats limítrofes
Limita amb els termes municipals de La Vall de Laguar, Murla, Castell de Castells, Parcent i Tàrbena.

Flora
En la ruta que porta al Cocoll de Benigembla es pot apreciar una varietat botànica que va del matollar sec de solana a les llomes baixes carregat de xares, mates i camamirles, matoll d'altura a les parts més altes amb espígoles i sàlvies i baixant per les pedres d'ombria trobem marfulls, hedreres i fleixos. Prop del poble es troba l'olivera dels Figuerals, un arbre monumental amb 9 m de perimetre i 11 d'alçada.

Les muntanyes de Benigembla també proporcionen en abundància el serrello, conegut en altres indrets amb els noms de serrelot, servero i fenàs, el gram més abundant de les serralades del poble, que empraven els raïmers per embolicar el moscatell, i també usat per a alimentar el bestiar. En la muntanya del Cavall Verd també podem trobar una colònia de Caralluma Mumbyana Hispànica, una planta endèmica del sud-est peninsular, espècie protegida segons la Unió Internacional per a la Conservació de la Natura (UICN). Hui dia sols hi ha tres colònies més en el País Valencià.

Història

Diverses investigacions realitzades en les pintures rupestres del Pla de Petracos (antic poblat morisc, situat a 7,5 km de Benigembla en direcció a la Vall d'Ebo), demostra que la zona fou poblada des de la prehistòria. Es tracta de pintures d'art llevantí i macroesquemàtic, d'uns 8.000 anys d'antiguitat, que en 1998 varen ser declarades Patrimoni de la Humanitat per la UNESCO, i en 2005 parc d'interés cultural per la Generalitat Valenciana. El jaciment es troba a vora de 500 m sobre el nivell del mar, en el marge esquerre del Barranc de Malafí, i es compon de huit abrics, cinc dels quals presenten motius pintats perfectament visibles.

El poble de Benigembla és d'origen àrab. Després de la conquesta es mantingué la població que, poc abans de la seua expulsió, s'acostava als 200 habitants. Fins al 1544 fou senyoriu de la família de Pere Andrés. En 1609, arran del decret d'expulsió dels moriscs, la població àrab del poble es va fer forta a la Vall de Laguar, en companyia d'altres 16.000 i escaig moriscs de la zona. Des de Benigembla, Agustí Messia, capità de l'exèrcit cristià, dirigí l'operació que acabà amb la revolta. El 1676 passà a formar part del comtat de Parcent, i posteriorment a mans de la família de la Cerda.

La muntanya del Cavall Verd o del Pop fou un dels últims reductes de la resistència dels moriscs de l'antic Regne de València. A mitjans de novembre de 1609 uns 17.000 moriscs acampats en esta muntanya, armats amb fones, pedres i alguna ballesta, confrontaren cinc mil soldats dels terços de Nàpols i Sicília. El resultat del combat desigual fou evident: l'exèrcit de Felip III massacrà milers de moriscs i la resta es va refugiar en els escarpats cingles del Cavall Verd, el nom de la qual evoca precisament la figura llegendària d'un cavall verd que esperaren sense èxit per a salvar-se de l'expulsió. Allí varen resistir uns pocs dies sense aigua ni queviures fins a la seua capitulació final, i molts moriren en l'intent.

Al terme de Benigembla es troben les restes de l'antic castell, d'origen islàmic, denominat el Castell de Pop, les restes del qual es conserven al tossal del Cavall Verd o muntanya del Pop, contrafort meridional de la Vall de Laguar, i del nord del poble de Benigembla. Amb el repartiment fou atribuït al català Pere d'Altafulla, però després recuperat per Al-Àzraq.

A l'abril de 1245, el cabdill àrab, al-Azraq i l'infant Alfons d'Aragó signaren el "Pacte del Pouet" pel qual l'àrab es declarava vassall del rei Jaume I, lliurant-li, immediatament el castell de Pop i el castell de Tàrbena, retenint per un període determinat el castell de Margarida, castell de Cariola, Castell de Castells, castell de Gallinera, castell d'Alcalà i castell de Perputxent.

Des del 1329 fou posseït per Vidal de Vilanova i els successors. La fortalesa s'estenia entre els dos cims; sobre el més elevat està el cos principal del castell. Durant l'últim període musulmà pertanyé a Al-Azraq, el qual el va entregar a Jaume I el Conqueridor pel pacte d'Alcalà de la Jovada. Més tard, Pere el Gran va ordenar destruir-lo, i avui en queden molt pocs vestigis. El castell dona nom a la Vall de Pop, vall mitjana del riu Xaló-Gorgos, pintoresca i amb els típics conreus de secà i regadiu. Com molts pobles de la Vall de Pop, després de la reconquesta i l'expulsió dels moriscs es va repoblar de camperols de les Illes Balears i Catalunya.

Demografia
En 1615 el poble tenia tan sols 99 habitants, i en 1715 arriba a 360 habitants. Durant la primera meitat del  s'observa un increment de la població, que arriba a consolidar-se gràcies a l'arribada de colons nascuts a les Illes Balears, els quals arribaren a Benigembla i a altres indrets de les comarques centrals valencianes a causa de la mala situació econòmica i social que hi havia a les illes. De fet, la població mallorquina passa a ser predominant en alguns pobles, com ara Benimassot, Famorca, Sanet i Negrals, i el Verger. La població de Benigembla va créixer espectacularment fins a 1870 i va arribar a un màxim de quasi 900 habitants.

Des de l'any 1900 a 1964, la població va disminuir en un 34 per cent, degut a un corrent migratori cap als Estats Units d'Amèrica, a Algèria, i a altres indrets europeus.

Dels 606 habitants censats població màxima assolida en els últims 72 anys el 2011, el 48% de la població és immigració a Espanya, principalment britànics.

En 1998 hi havia a Benigembla 382 habitants, i en el cens de l'any 2006 la població arriba a 563 habitants, i en el 2022 hi ha 512 habitants. Hui dia hi ha un 52% de la població d'acord al cens del 2022 que és estrangera, dels quals vora un 67.5% són procedents del Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya, mentres que la resta provenen d'Amèrica del Nord, França, Alemanya, Bèlgica, Holanda, i l'est d'Europa.

Segons l'últim cens, el 70% de la població és catalanoparlant.

Economia
Una de les ocupacions dels benigemblers és l'agricultura, encara que actualment només es conrea el 28% del terme municipal. A mitjan , la producció de pansa va experimentar un considerable augment a tota La Vall de Pop i a tota la Marina Alta, a causa de la gran demanda del mercat britànic. Se sol citar l'any 1818 com l'inici d'esta expansió econòmica per haver-se produït eixe any la primera pujada significativa del preu del gra de raïm. Va començar llavors una plantació de ceps massiva per tota la comarca, a fi de proveir de raïm de moscatell a la que ja es perfilava com la primera indústria dels benigemblers i marinencs. S'encetava així el que més tard s'anomenaria «el segle de la pansa». La producció de la pansa tingué la seua esplendor al llarg del , i fins a mitjans del . La vinya era el conreu tradicional, i la varietat de moscatell s'imposava com a única. Els riuraus s'utilitzaven per a guardar la pansa de la humitat i les pluges. Encara es conserven algunes d'estes edificacions rurrals en el terme municipal, però ningú escalda el raïm avui en dia, per la falta de rendibilitat de la pansa.

Avui, els conreus més estesos són els següents: els cítrics, vinya, oliveres, ametllers, garrofers i figueres. Ara la producció d'olives i oli d'oliva pareix que siga més rendible, per això que avui queden molt pocs ceps de raïm moscatell, i sols queden alguns ceps de vi pel consum de casa, i per regalar als amics. Encara que poc, s'hi conserva l'artesania dels cabassos de palma.

El sector de la construcció també ocupa un sector important de la població. La construcció s'ha beneficiat del turisme residencial, que ha augmentat considerablement en els últims anys.

Una altra part de la població són empleats del sector públic. El turisme rural també comença a tenir un paper rellevant en l'economia local. Com a conseqüència del turisme rural, en el poble hi ha dos restaurants, dues cases rurals, una zona d'acampada, i una zona recreativa. Degraciadament, la residència de la tercera edat dels masons no es va materialitzar perquè es troba en el LIC del riu Xaló-Gorgos.

Política

El primer alcalde del poble elegit, després de la transició democràtica, fou Antoni Caselles i Peréz del PSPV-PSOE, amb el suport de AP, encara que les primeres eleccions foren guanyades per la UCD, ja que va aconseguir 3 regidors de 7.

D'ençà que hi ha eleccions municipals, el BLOC-Compromís ha guanyat una volta, el PP ha guanyat dues eleccions, el PSPV-PSOE ha guanyat 4 eleccions, el PDP una elecció, els independents de Benigembla una elecció, l'antiga UCD una elecció.

En les eleccions municipals de 2003 el PP va obtenir l'alcaldia mercés als seus 4 regidors, i el PSPV n'obtingué 3. En les eleccions de l'any 2003 es presenta per primera volta una candidatura del Bloc Nacionalista Valencià.

En novembre de l'any 2004, L'Ajuntament de Benigembla va signar un conveni urbanístic amb l'empresa Coll de Rates, que tenien com a caps a Andrés Ballester i a Julio Iglesias. La major part de la població en conèixer la notícia per la premsa mostrà el rebuig al conveni urbanístic, així com al secretisme en què es va signar, i també mostraren el seu rebuig a l'evocació de les lleis d'urbanisme valencià, comegudes com a LRAU.

Al juny de l'any 2005 va dimitir el batle Aureli Llinares i Mas, del Partit Popular, i la major part del seu equip de govern, a conseqüència de la pressió popular exercida sobre l'equip del govern municipal. El poble de Benigembla va viure un autèntic terratrèmol polític que va acabar amb la dimissió en bloc de sis dels set edils de la corporació després de la polèmica signatura del conveni urbanístic que venia bona part del terme municipal a l'empresa Coll de Rates.

De juliol a setembre del 2005 Benigembla es va quedar sense ajuntament, fins que el popular Joan Felip Pérez i Mengual (únic regidor que no va dimitir per ser l'únic que no havia signat el conveni amb la promotora) va crear un nou govern. Al juny del 2007 és elegit com a alcalde el popular Ferran Mengual (el seu partit obtingué 3 regidors, el PSPV 2, el BLOC 1, i el partit local Gent de Benigembla 1), però part de la militància no va acceptar la seua candidatura a l'alcaldia i li va donar l'esquena.

El 23 d'agost del 2008 una moció de censura donà l'alcaldia a Joan Caselles i Mengual, del BLOC, amb els vots dels 2 regidors del PSPV-PSOE i el regidor de GB. Entre els motius destacats pels signants de l'esmentada moció destaquen tant el trencament de les relacions entre l'alcalde popular Ferran Mengual, i el seu tinent d'alcalde Josep Vicent Mahiques, així com la greu amenaça urbanística que patia el municipi, i la manca de transparència democràtica de l'alcaldia, junt amb l'augment del deute municipal. El 21 de maig de 2010, després de quasi 6 anys de la signatura del polèmic conveni urbanístic amb la promotora Coll de Rates del grup Ballester, en un ple extraordinari convocat per l'alcalde Joan Caselles i Mengual i la filla d'Andrés Ballester es va acordar anul·lar el conveni urbanístic amb tots els efectes que comportava.

En les eleccions municipals de maig del 2011, Compromís tragué 3 regidors, el PSPV-PSOE 2 regidors i el PP 2 regidors. Va ser la primera volta que la llista del Compromís guanyava les eleccions municipals, i Joan Caselles i Mengual va ser elegit alcalde amb el suport dels altres 2 regidors del seu partit.

En les eleccions municipals de maig de l'any 2015 el PSPV-PSOE tragué 3 regidors, el PPCV 2 regidors, i Compromís 2 regidors. L'alcaldia va ser assumida pel PSPV-PSOE amb Rogelio Taverner al capdavant.

El Ple de l'Ajuntament està format actualment per 7 regidors. En les eleccions municipals de 26 de maig de 2019 foren elegits 4 regidors del (PSPv-PSOE), i 3 de Compromís per Benigembla (Compromís).

Alcaldia
Des de 2015 l'alcalde de Benigembla és Rogelio Taverner Sendra, del Partit Socialista del País Valencià (PSPV-PSOE).

Corporació Municipal i eleccions de 2019
El Ple de l'Ajuntament està format per 7 regidors. En les eleccions municipals de 26 de maig de 2019 foren elegits 4 regidors del Partit Socialista del País Valencià (PSPV-PSOE) i 3 de Compromís per Benigembla (Compromís).

Edificis d'interès, turisme, i altres

Principalment cal destacar entre altres:
 Església de Sant Josep, d'estil neoclàssic del , amb un campanar barroc. El 1994 l'edifici va ser restaurat i es va efectuar la reparació de la campana gran (denominada Maria la Gran), a càrrec de l'empresa Hermanos Portilla. L'església té també una campana menuda o de Vernissa, anomenada de Santa Bàrbara (Domingo Tormo 1808), i una mitjana denominada Maria Bàrbara (Domingo Tormo 1868).existed. Destaca també un rellotge solar a la façana principal amb la inscripció llatina Tempus Fugit.

 El Sindicat, d'estil neoclàssic amb elements del rococó i barroquisme francés, tal vegada per la influència del retorn dels benigemblers de l'emigració a Algèria. Està situat en el cantó del Carrer Llarg i el Carrer Sant Francesc Xavier, i va ser construït el 1925 a partir del disseny d'Adelí Moll. El local pertanyia als socis de la Cooperativa Sant Francesc Xavier, però l'Ajuntament el comprà el 2005 a fi restaurar-lo. En febrer de 2010 es porta a cap una rehabilitació de l'interior i de la façana amb un pressupost de vora 500.000 euros, i des de llavors compta amb tres plantes. L'edifici s'ha adequat per a la realització d'exposicions, conferències, xarrades o aules de la tercera edat. També s'hi duen a terme activitats esportives i de lleure com ara balls, danses o jocs de taula.

 Els Riuraus. Els Riuraus s'utilitzaven per posar la passa dins, perquè no es banyarà. Encara queden alguns Riuraus al terme, però ja ningú escalda el raïm avui dia. A principis del segle XX fins a mitjans la pansa era el que sustentava principalment l'economia local. La pansa s'esportaba majoritàriament al Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya.

 El Safareig i La Font, i la seva zona recreativa amb barbacoa. També podrem visitar el Monument dels Arcs, un monument dedicat als nostres avantpassats i a la tècnica de la pedra seca. S'espera convertir aquest paratge properamrnt en un Parc Cultural.També cal destacar d'aquest paratge 2 parts per un costat el llavador o safareig on les dones rentaven la toba, i el beuredor on bevien els animals.

 El Pont de Parcent, fet de pedra per picapedrers.

 Els  Murs i el Parc Botànic del Ribàs. Els murs circumval·len la part oest del poble i el protegixen de les crescudes del riu Gorgos. Arran de la riuada del 1890 que fou de les més severes es vaien acabar de construir aquestos murs fer per picapedrers a principis del segle XX.Van ser construïts fa més de 115 anys gràcies al benefactor Baldomero Vega de Seoane, un representant en la Diputació d'Alacant, del partit de José Canalejas. Actualment la plaça més important del poble porta el seu nom. En aquest lloc es troba el Parc Botànic del Ribàs, un parc que ha estat renovat recentment en l'any 2022.  Hi ha arbres de més de 100 anys, i altres espècies d'especial interès botànic. És un Parc Botànic que és un parc referent de biodiversitat mediterrània per a tot l'interior de la comarca de la Marina Alta. Es troba en un lloc d'alt interès ecològic, i mediambiental junt al riu Gorgos cal també mencionar que aquesta zona és un LIC.

 Museu Viu de Benigembla.  En el Museu Viu de Benigembla l'art cobra vida als seus carrers.             Benigembla també és coneguda pels seus grafitis, o Street Art. Tots els anys per la pimavera, o al començament de l'estiu s'organitza un festival en el qual participen grafiters d'arreu del món. Entre els participants està Tardor Graffiti de la Xara, el mexicà Juan Andrés Vera, o Xolaka entre molts altres de renom. Des del 2018 es celebra aquest festival que ompli les façanes dels carrers de Benigembla d'art i de color. Una ocasió més per a visitar aquest poble amb encant per empapar-se d'art.

En octubre de 2006, el director francés Jean-Jacques Annuad, conegut per pel·lícules com El nom de la Rosa o per la pel·lícula Set anys al Tibet, va rodar part dels exteriors de la pel·lícula Sa Majesté Minor en el terme municipal de Benigembla.

Festes i costums

Les festes del poble se celebren en honor de sant Josep, sant Agustí, sant Francesc Xavier i la Verge d'Agost, i se celebren entre els dies 12 i 15 d'agost, encara que el dia 11 normalment es fa la presentació i hi ha revetla. Després del dia 15, hi ha tres dies de bous al carrer. Els bous al carrer és un costum molt arrelada a Benigembla, igual que la pilota en totes les seues varietats. El Soldaet de Benigembla fou uns dels millors jugadors de pilota a llargues del País Valencià. El dia 16 i 17 de gener també se celebren festes en honor de Sant Honorat i Sant Antoni. El dia de Sant Antoni hi ha el costum de beneir els animals del poble, i normalment s'organitza una revetla.

Gastronomia

La gastronomia típica de Benigembla és la típica de la comarca de la Marina Alta. S'hi fan bollos (denominat minxos en altres pobles), unes coques farcides normalment de sardina o anxova. També són plats típics de salat la melva o la borra, així com les coques amb tomaqueta i pebrera, o sobrassada. També cal mencionar l'arròs amb naps i penques, l'arròs al forn, l'arròs caldós, el cous-cous i l'aspencat. Altres plats típics:

 Arròs amb fesols i penques
 Mullador.
 Putxero.
 Sang amb ceba i tomaca

Símbols

En desembre de 1999 la Generalitat Valenciana aprova l'adopció de Benigembla com a denominació oficial del municipi, puix que és la històrica i tradicional, amb la qual cosa s'abandona la denominació Benichembla que s'havia usat primordialment durant el franquisme i era una transliteració castellana de la denominació valenciana.

L'escut del poble fou aprovat el 30 de gener de 1989. El ple de l'ajuntament va aprovar-ne la modificació el 30 de març de 1999, per la qual s'adaptava al timbre la corona reial oberta, en compte de la corona reial tancada que constava en l'expedient original de 1989. A més, destaca en l'escut la senyera quadribarrada, el mur que simbolitza el Castell de Pop i també els murs del ribàs que circumval·len la part oest del poble i el protegixen de les crescudes del riu Gorgos. Per últim estan les ones d'argent i atzur, que evoquen l'aigua del mateix riu.

La descripció de l'escut oficial de Benigembla diu així:

"Escut de sinople, el mur d'or, maçonat de sable, sostingut d'ones d'argent i atzur, sobremuntat d'escudet de losange, amb la senyera quadribarrada o els pals de la corona d'Aragó. Al timbre corona reial oberta."

El poble forma part de la Federació Valenciana de municipis i províncies, de la mancomunitat cultural, i també de la de serveis socials de la Marina Alta. El municipi també forma part de la Mancomunitat dels Pobles de Vall de Pop.

Notes

Referències

Enllaços externs

 http://www.benigembla.es/va/
 País Valencià, poble a poble, comarca a comarca, de Paco González Ramírez, d'on s'ha extret informació amb el seu consentiment.


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Thursday's Lesson: The Greenhouse Effect
By Bob Tinker and Carolyn Staudt
Students need to understand the greenhouse effect to grasp the causes of global warming. Studying the greenhouse effect covers many important science topics—light, energy, molecules, heat, and temperature, to start—and supports system thinking.
But understanding the greenhouse effect is challenging. It is complex, involving different kinds of light and their interactions with gases, the earth, and clouds. Students must grapple with both the atomic scale of tiny light particles interacting with atoms and the gigantic scale of the entire earth. What makes the greenhouse effect confusing is that it is the result of the competing effects of incoming energy in the form of light from the sun and infrared light lost to space (Figure 1).
Figure 1. The overall flow of solar energy into the earth is balanced by energy loss to space. When these flows balance, the earth reaches an average temperature.
You can use the Greenhouse Gases lesson as is or customize it (see sidebar) to teach your students about global warming and perhaps even inspire them to make changes that will have positive effects on the planet.
This lesson, created originally for ninth grade students, features two interactive models created with NetLogo, each designed to support student learning through inquiry. Students should be encouraged to learn how to run the models and experiment with the different controls, and to observe how the model works.
Figure 2. Starter greenhouse gases model with single or multiple packets of light.
The first model helps students understand how light, atmosphere, and the earth interact (Figure 2). It introduces the idea that when light energy enters the atmosphere some is absorbed, depending on how reflective the earth is on average (the albedo). Students can send single packets of light and watch where each goes. The light energy can be seen heading to the earth, resulting in infrared (IR) energy radiated back into space. Careful observation reveals that clouds reflect sunlight, but not IR. Conversely, greenhouse gases pass sunlight, but not IR.
The second model puts these all together by supplying a stream of light and allowing the system to reach temperature equilibrium (Figure 3). The new idea is that there is an average global temperature, which is determined by the amount of energy in the earth.
Students can see that the temperature always fluctuates a bit, but that clouds, greenhouse gases, and changes in albedo all impact the global temperature.
Assessing student understanding
After students have worked through the activity, you can assess what they have learned by using the following challenges.
Challenge 1: The snowball earth
Some scientists think that the earth once froze over. Can you adjust the model to show this? Once the earth becomes a snowball, how might it recover?
Challenge 2: Population rise
What happens to the earth if the population increases? How could you set the controls to approximate a crowded earth? Justify your choices. What happens to the temperature?
How accurate is a model?
No model completely captures all of reality. The earth is a complex system of oceans, albedos, light inputs, multiple greenhouse gases, and radiation levels, all of which vary greatly from place to place. Our greenhouse models are simplified and do not include some interactions that could be important, for example, absorption and radiation in the atmosphere. To build fairly accurate models of the earth's temperature and how it will rise over the next decades requires the largest computers that exist.
Figure 3. Greenhouse gases model with stream of light. This model shows how the temperature of the earth is determined by a balance between incoming radiation from the sun and outgoing IR radiation to space. Students can see that the amount of solar energy, the albedo, clouds, and greenhouse gases can all shift this balance.
Given the problems with models, should we ignore them because they are not exact? Not at all. Instead, the limitations of every model need to be understood. Stimulate a discussion about the uses and limitations of models. Ask students: What simplifications have been made? What is the effect of these simplifications on your overall understanding of global warming? Even a simplified greenhouse gas model can make a real impact.
Friday's Lesson: How Transistors Work
Wednesday's Lesson: Visualizing Energy
Fall 2009 Table of Contents


On Friday, February 17th of 2017, Fiona Barron and Saleem Ali hosted the Happiness Festival, an event in Dubai centred on reclaiming joy through better mental health. The festival celebrated the meaning of true happiness, a deep positive emotion that is closely connected to gratitude, purpose, and a healthy sense of self.
The idea for the festival came as Barron and Ali were trying to think of a way to open conversations about mental health for larger groups of people. They decided that the Happiness Festival would provide the ideal non-threatening setting for these important discussions. A number of experts, including psychologists, therapists, and lifestyle coaches, appeared at the festival. Each one hosted a different talk, conducted a demonstration, or presented a physical activity for participants.
Senior clinical psychologist Dr. Marie Thompson, who works at Lifeworks Holistic Counselling Centre in Dubai, claims that social media and modern societal pressure have had a detrimental effect on the human view of happiness. "People are constantly pressured to feel a certain way based on how they see other people's curated lives online and they feel that they are not as happy as they should be when they compare," she says. She worries that this kind of unrealistic view of happiness can actually lead to disappointment and depression.
"People who are depressed or anxious don't always feel comfortable seeking help. Sometimes traditional ¬methods of therapy seem threatening," says Sarah Powell, an art psychotherapist. "Art or expressive therapy is one way to address deep rooted problems." At the Happiness Festival, she and others presented sessions about positivity, enhancing mood with music, and addressing psychological stress using art or dance. Following a similar philosophy of treatment, Adelphi Psych Medicine Clinic is currently employing art therapy in Singapore to treat patients.
If you're feeling panicked, anxious, fearful, or depressed, take time to think carefully about the things you really want in life. A visit to the caring Singapore psychiatrists at Adelphi Psych Medicine Clinic can help you identify any triggers, compulsions, or obsessions that may be robbing you of the joy that you deserve to have.
Call to set up a consultation at our location, one of the top clinics for depression in Singapore. We also offer treatment and therapy for anxiety disorders, addictions, and related behaviours that are affecting your life. Why live with stress and fear? Seek help today and reclaim your happiness.


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Basic Income COURIER
71% of Europeans support basic income after COVID-19, an Oxford study reveals
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The COVID-19 pandemic is inspiring Europeans to think the previously unthinkable, according to a ground-breaking survey out today from a team led by Professor Timothy Garton Ash, the leading Oxford academic.
To what extent do you agree or disagree that EU member states should pay all citizens a basic income, regardless of their employment status?
Public policy and economic ideas which were hitherto seen as radical, even utopian, have become mainstream thinking during the crisis, the Europe's Stories survey of people throughout the European Union and the UK suggests. One particularly striking finding, according to Professor Garton Ash, is the overwhelming support among all age groups for a universal basic income (UBI). More than 70% of respondents backed the idea, which has often been dismissed as 'wildly unrealistic'.
A UBI, whereby all citizens would be entitled to a basic income paid by the government irrespective of their employment status, has been suggested by some economists and political thinkers as a way of responding to challenges such as inequality and automation – in the face of widespread scepticism. But the survey shows strong support for such a move, both in the UK (where more than two thirds of those asked support it), and across the EU.
The survey also finds that 84% of Europeans back a mandatory minimum wage – something that was only introduced in the UK in 1999.
In a report co-authored with Antonia Zimmermann, a member of the Oxford research team, Professor Garton Ash warns, 'These results obviously need to be read against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic bringing outside life almost to a halt in the month of March 2020....plainly the survey was conducted at a time of heightened economic and social insecurity.'
The professor adds, 'It is clearly too soon to say what kind of moment the Coronavirus pandemic will turn out to be for Europe, but it will surely be an important one.'
The survey of more than 12,000 respondents was conducted between 5 and 25 March in the 27 EU member states and the UK. The questions were designed by the research team of Europe's Stories, a research project of the Dahrendorf Programme for the Study of Freedom at the European Studies Centre, St Antony's College, University of Oxford, in consultation with the experts of the Bertelsmann foundation's eupinions survey project.
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Possible model 2020 if implemented independently in Estonia (UBI 343 eur/m)


To date, the spread of Ebola in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone has sickened more than 21,000 people and claimed over 8,600 lives. According to the World Health Organization, it is the largest such epidemic ever recorded. But recently, a ray of hope emerged. United Nations Special Envoy Dr. David Nabarro said the spread of Ebola in West Africa was finally slowing down as a result of changes in burial practices and other behaviors that had previously driven the outbreak.
Although the battle is not yet over, this is wonderful news. Now we must begin to look at what happens to the affected communities after Ebola. A food crisis seems increasingly likely to follow in the wake of the epidemic, which has devastated small-scale farmers. Without investment in their long-term development, farming households - and West Africa's future food security - will remain at risk.
Even before the outbreak, the World Food Programme estimated that some 1.7 million people in the region faced food insecurity - defined as a lack of reliable access to sufficient quantities of affordable, nutritious food. As a direct result of Ebola, it is expected that an additional 750,000 to 1.4 million people will become food-insecure by March.
In fact, Ebola has already affected the food supply. Farmers have stayed away from their fields due to illness, fears of infection and quarantines ordered by the authorities - or simply because there is no one left to tend the land. Trade has been blocked by the shutdown of market centers and borders to prevent contagion. Food systems, already fragile in the best of times, have been failing.
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) reports that disproportionate numbers of economically active women and men have been infected across West Africa. In Sierra Leone, UNDP says per capita incomes have plummeted as a result of lost income, including earnings from smallholder farming. Microfinance programmes are being undermined due to non-payment of loans by participants, including women farmers and rural entrepreneurs, who have fallen ill or suffered financial losses from Ebola. These defaults could lead to a regional credit squeeze, further compromising production by farmers who must borrow during planting season to buy seeds and other inputs.
Such dire circumstances should spur action. First, the international community must redouble its efforts to entirely stop the spread of Ebola and ensure that the immediate food crisis in West Africa does not escalate into a full-blown disaster. Then we need to support sustained, long-term development efforts in the places where smallholder farmers live and work.
More than three-quarters of the globe's poorest people live in the rural areas of developing countries. Their world has been largely invisible to Western eyes and media. These areas are vulnerable to shocks and crises precisely because they are already close to the edge, with little or nothing to fall back on. It is time for the developed, visible world to understand that unless rural communities become more resilient, we will be reduced to treating the symptoms rather than the disease of poverty.
From a global perspective, these communities play a vital role in ensuring food security. They are home to 500 million smallholder family farms that provide up to four-fifths of the food supply in the developing world. We are now seeing just how quickly disease can put that supply under threat.
Anyone who doubts this point has only to look at the trajectory of Ebola. As long as it mainly affected remote rural Africa, it received little attention. However, viruses do not respect provincial or national borders, and this one spread rapidly from rural to urban areas. With the appearance of several confirmed Ebola cases in Europe and the United States last fall, and more recently in Scotland, the whole world trembled.
But we can break the cycle of poverty, hunger and instability by investing seriously in rural development. Given the requisite tools and resources, small-scale agricultural producers and rural entrepreneurs can transform their communities into thriving places that offer decent livelihoods.
I have seen it with my own eyes, time and again, on field visits to projects financed by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and our many partners. Financing for roads, electricity, running water, banks, schools and health clinics can improve life immeasurably for the 3 billion people who live in rural areas. Indeed, if West Africa had a more developed level of rural services and infrastructure, it is unlikely that the Ebola epidemic would have spread, virtually unchecked, for so long.
Investing in rural men, women and children is what institutions like IFAD do every day. But there must be a significant increase in both resources and political will. Governments, development agencies, the private sector and others all have roles to play. With long-term rural investment, we can shift from a crisis-to-crisis approach by taking measures that sustainably reduce poverty, ensure food security and promote social development in vulnerable communities.
Not only is this the right thing to do, it is also in everyone's interest. Our world is global. What happens in Conakry, Freetown or Monrovia is felt in Berlin, Hong Kong, New York and beyond. We can no longer afford to treat rural people as if they were invisible. It's time to open our eyes.


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Tag Archives: Archduke Otto
The Inherent Fallacy of the Ethnic State
Archduke Otto, Civilization, Country, History, Language, Nation, Nationalism, Patriotism, Tradition
And, still more important, the whole conception [of the nation-state] is opposed to a rule so general that it must be rooted deeply in the nature of mankind. There exists almost no country which could include all the parts of one race without including considerable parts of other races. We are bound to conclude from this that community of language is rarely, if ever, the decisive element to consider in forming states. There are other factors which together, or even occasionally singly, are no less important, e.g. geography, security, religion, economy, tradition, history. And once we override all these elements in favor of one, the linguistic, we are certainly in danger of creating artificial states which cannot last.
-Otto von Habsburg, Danubian Reconstruction
The Greatest Title in Christendom
Archduke Otto, Charles V, christendom, History, Holy Empire, Holy Roman Empire, Imperium, Otto von Habsburg
The empire of the Middle Ages had never been a territorial entity in the sense of being a sovereign state, as the term was understood in the eighteenth and even the nineteenth centuries. Naturally for practical purposes the emperor had to have his own estates but his authority was not derived from such personal property, but from the transcendental, almost religious respect in which the crown was held, which endowed him with the temporal imperium of all Christendom. It was only at the close of the Middle Ages, when the empire was shaken by internal strife, that the emperor felt the need for more tangible support, for without a territorial base, that is without family domains, he ran the risk of becoming merely a puppet in the hands of the ambitious Prince-Electors.
Already by Maximilian I's time the true import of the crown of Charlemagne was gradually being forgotten as two new concepts infected Europe – the idea of a territorial sovereign state and a growing sense of nationalism. Nevertheless, the title and dignity of emperor were still regarded as preeminent. Even during the time of its decline, when the empire was divested of almost all authority, powerful European monarchs such as Louis XIV still tried to secure for themselves what they considered to be the greatest title in Christendom.
-Archduke Otto von Habsburg, Charles V Empire, State, and Nation


The router is equipped with a built-in LTE modem which provides 3G/4G mobile connection with fast downlink speeds of up to 150Mbps and uplink speeds up to 50Mbps.
Using the DWR-921 device, you are able to quickly create a wireless network at home or in your office, which lets computers and mobile devices access the Internet virtually anywhere (within the operational range of your wireless network). The router can operate as a base station for connecting wireless devices of the standards 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n (at the wireless connection rate up to 300Mbps).
The wireless router DWR-921 includes a built-in firewall. The advanced security functions minimize threats of hacker attacks, prevent unwanted intrusions to your network, and block access to unwanted websites for users of your LAN.
You can configure the settings of the wireless router DWR-921 via the user-friendly web-based interface (the interface is available in two languages – in Russian and in English).
The configuration wizard allows you to quickly switch DWR-921 to one of the following modes: router (for connection to a wired or wireless ISP), access point, repeater, or client, and then configure all needed setting for operation in the selected mode in several simple steps.


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=====================
System access control
=====================

Trino separates the concept of the principal who authenticates to the
coordinator from the username that is responsible for running queries. When
running the Trino CLI, for example, the Trino username can be specified using
the ``--user`` option.

By default, the Trino coordinator allows any principal to run queries as any
Trino user. In a secure environment, this is probably not desirable behavior
and likely requires customization.

Implementation
--------------

``SystemAccessControlFactory`` is responsible for creating a
``SystemAccessControl`` instance. It also defines a ``SystemAccessControl``
name which is used by the administrator in a Trino configuration.

``SystemAccessControl`` implementations have several responsibilities:

* Verifying whether or not a given principal is authorized to execute queries as a specific user.
* Determining whether or not a given user can alter values for a given system property.
* Performing access checks across all catalogs. These access checks happen before
  any connector specific checks and thus can deny permissions that would otherwise
  be allowed by ``ConnectorAccessControl``.

The implementation of ``SystemAccessControl`` and ``SystemAccessControlFactory``
must be wrapped as a plugin and installed on the Trino cluster.

Configuration
-------------

After a plugin that implements ``SystemAccessControl`` and
``SystemAccessControlFactory`` has been installed on the coordinator, it is
configured using the file(s) specified by the ``access-control.config-files``
property (the default is a single ``etc/access-control.properties`` file).
All of the properties other than ``access-control.name`` are specific to
the ``SystemAccessControl`` implementation.

The ``access-control.name`` property is used by Trino to find a registered
``SystemAccessControlFactory`` based on the name returned by
``SystemAccessControlFactory.getName()``. The remaining properties are passed
as a map to ``SystemAccessControlFactory.create()``.

Example configuration file:

.. code-block:: text

    access-control.name=custom-access-control
    custom-property1=custom-value1
    custom-property2=custom-value2

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub