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Share this Story: Evidence shows immigrants will get fewer jobs as Ontario ratchets up minimum wage to $15
Evidence shows immigrants will get fewer jobs as Ontario ratchets up minimum wage to $15
Anindya Sen: Steep increases to the minimum wage have a high likelihood of leading to more unemployed immigrants as well as more poverty
Special to Financial Post
New Canadians receive their citizenship at a ceremony in Toronto. Photo by National Post
By Anindya Sen
Ontario's proposed 20.6-per-cent increase in the minimum wage from $11.60 in October to $14 on January 2018 is the largest dollar hike in any Canadian province over the past two decades. By Jan. 1, 2019, the minimum wage is scheduled to reach $15. Poverty advocates argue many low-income households will benefit. But they should also take a close look at the Canadian evidence that shows that minimum-wage hikes will lead to fewer jobs for immigrants.
Evidence shows immigrants will get fewer jobs as Ontario ratchets up minimum wage to $15 Back to video
Much of the current Ontario debate has focused on either U.S.-based research or the experience in some specific cities. Ontario Labour Minister Kevin Flynn said that wage increases in San Francisco and Seattle led to increasing employment in those areas. The most recent data out of Seattle released this week, however, now show that take-home pay for minimum-wage workers has begun to fall, with their hours apparently being cut as the minimum wage continues to move even higher towards that city's planned US$15 target.
Steep minimum-wage hikes like Ontario's are likely to lead to more unemployed immigrants and more poverty
A substantial number of Canadian studies contradict the claims that higher wages lead to more employment. One robust finding that emerges is that minimum-wage hikes result in lower employment for teens. This is of concern as entry-level jobs help young people develop time-management skills in balancing school and work and help them gain valuable professional experience.
In a research paper I co-authored with Kathleen Rybczynski that will soon be published in the journal Contemporary Economic Policy, we found that a higher minimum wage may possibly be linked to employment reductions among another key vulnerable demographic ignored by previous studies. Based on 185 minimum-wage hikes implemented by Canadian provinces from 1981–2011, we find that increasing minimum wages led to a reduction in employment rates of not just teenagers, but also immigrants. Specifically, a 10-per-cent increase in the minimum wage can be linked to an approximately two-per-cent decline in employment rates of immigrants aged 25 to 54 years old.
From one perspective, this result should not be surprising: Roughly 19 per cent of immigrants are minimum-wage employees . Why might a minimum-wage hike hurt immigrants most? If businesses are hiring less, with no change in the supply of available workers, then they may prefer Canadian-born applicants whose experience and qualifications are more easily relatable to Canadian business owners. Whatever the reason, the presence of negative employment impacts on immigrants should be of significant policy concern, especially given the well-documented problems of labour-market assimilation that new immigrants face.
Politicians who poison us with poverty are the same ones who claim they have an antidote
Stop telling the world it 'needs more Canada,' since the world has yet to agree
Adverse minimum-wage effects are not restricted to immigrants. An earlier study I co-authored was the first to investigate minimum-wage impacts with respect to the percentage of families falling below Statistics Canada's Low Income Cut Off, an unofficial but common measure for poverty. We found that a higher minimum wage paradoxically resulted in an increase in the percentage of low-income households, possibly generated by family members losing their jobs as a result of employers responding to higher minimum wages.
The minimum wage has an important role in society. Minimum levels of compensation for work should not be determined by market forces and should be set by the government. But the minimum wage — effectively mandating a cash transfer from business to workers — should not be the chief mechanism for keeping people out of poverty. Better-targeted policies can be put in place to improve the living standards of struggling workers. For example, government policy should be framed to assist minimum-wage workers to obtain further education and acquire new skills, enabling them to find new and rewarding careers.
Steep increases to the minimum wage have a high likelihood of leading to more unemployed immigrants as well as more poverty. And these findings are based on much smaller minimum-wage hikes relative to what Ontario is about to embark upon. Ontario should think again about pushing ahead with steep minimum-wage increases or at least consider a more gradual phase-in.
Anindya Sen is a research fellow at the C.D. Howe Institute and professor of economics and director of the Master of Public Service program at the University of Waterloo.


View from outside of the city of Norwich with the silhouette of the cathedral visible above the cityscape. 18th-century Norwich was a centre for wool and silk manufacturing as well as a trading centre for goods coming to Britain from America, the Far East and the East Indies. Daniel Defoe was impressed by Norwich, calling it "an antient, large, rich, and populous city".


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In response to the provision of a collection of semi-structured data (or its schema), a mapper generates a structured organization to store the collection of semi-structured data. The mapper further collaterally generates a description of how the semi-structured data are stored under the structured organization. In one embodiment, normalized relational tables are used for the structured organization. In alternate embodiments, non-normalized relational tables or other structured organization may also be used. The reverse, that is, the creation of a semistructured data organization for a collection of structured data may also be performed.
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/921,010, entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR STORING SEMI-STRUCTURED DATA IN A STRUCTURED MANNER," filed on Aug. 1, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,124,144, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/517,131, entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR STORING SEMI-STRUCTURED DATA IN A STRUCTURED MANNER" filed on Mar. 2, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,581,062; This application is also related to International Application No. PCT/US01/06755, entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR STORING SEMI-STRUCTURED DATA IN A STRUCTURED MANNER" filed on Mar. 2, 2001; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/517,468, entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING INFORMATION PAGES USING SEMI-STRUCTURED DATA STORED IN A STRUCTURED MANNER" filed on Mar. 2, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,449,620; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/718,228, entitled "TECHNIQUES FOR ENCAPSULATING A QUERY DEFINITION" filed Nov. 21, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,152,062; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/921,446, entitled "NESTED CONDITIONAL RELATIONS (NCR) MODEL AND ALGEBRA" filed Aug. 1, 2001, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
"Semi-structured data" refers to data that has structure, but where the contents of particular structural elements need not be consistent. To facilitate this characteristic, data are "self-describing." For example, in a "person" application, a person can be validly defined by semi-structured data with only a subset of all possible data associated with a person, e.g., by only a last name and a telephone number, or a first name, last name, and address, or some other combinations. Or, a person may be defined with additional data not previously seen, such as an employer name, an employer address, and an employer telephone number. Thus, each semi-structured "person" definition may vary.
"Structured data," in contrast, refers to data formats such as those used for databases, spreadsheets, address books, and so forth, where in each case, the data format is well-defined by a schema and essentially inflexible. For example, in the database context, a database can be defined to store data according to some data-storage requirements. The storage requirements, e.g., the schema or nature of valid input, are known in advance, and the database is defined according to the structure of the potential input data. If the database were storing information about person, such as first name, last name, address, telephone number, and employer, every person record in the database would have space allocated for the information being tracked. Hence, the database is structured.
An example of a structured database is the relation database, also referred to as SQL database, where SQL is the name of its query language, Structured Query Language. In addition to being "inflexible," unlike semi-structured data, SQL databases are also platform dependent. Nevertheless, because of its availability as well as robustness, recent research has turned towards using structured databases, such as a SQL database, to store and retrieve information defined by semi-structured data.
FIG. 15 illustrates the schema of the XML document.
Various operations will be described as multiple discreet steps performed in turn in a manner that is most helpful in understanding the present invention, however, the order of description should not be construed as to imply that these operations are necessarily order dependent, in particular, the order the operations are presented. Furthermore, the phrase "in one embodiment" will be used repeatedly, however the phrase does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may.
Referring now to FIG. 1, wherein a block diagram illustrating an overview of the data representation aspect of the present invention, in accordance with one embodiment. As illustrated, mapper 50 incorporated with the teachings of the present invention, is equipped to generate structured organization 52 to store semi structured data 54. Collaterally, mapper 50 also generates description 56 of how semi-structured data 54 are stored under structured organization 52. As will be described in more detail below, the collateral generation of description 56 advantageously enables mapper 50 to generate structured organization 52 in any one of a number of approaches. That is, under the present invention, unlike any of the prior art techniques, the generation of structured organization 52 is not bounded or fixed to one particular mapping approach.
FIGS. 2 a-2 b illustrate semi-structured data and its logical representation, in accordance with one embodiment. As illustrated, semi-structured data 54′ includes a number of entities or data elements, each delineated by a pair of tags, e.g. entity A by tags <entity A> and </entity A>, entity B by tags <entity B> and </entity B>, and so forth. Some entities, like entities F and H have multiple instantiations. The entities/instantiations have an hierarchical relationship to each other; and may be logically represented by tree structure 60, having corresponding number of nodes, one for each entity/instantiation, and edges interconnecting the nodes whose represented entities/instantiations are direct ancestors/descendants of each other, as shown.
FIG. 3 illustrates a structured organization for storing the semi-structured data of FIGS. 2 a-2 b, in accordance with one embodiment. As illustrated, structured organization 52′ includes four relational tables 62-68. Table 62 includes one column each for storing identifiers of entities A, B, C, D, E, and G, and data for entities C and D. Table 64 includes one column each for storing identifiers for entities E and F, and data for entities F, whereas table 66 includes one column each for storing identifiers for entities G and F, and data for entities F. Similarly, table 68 includes one column each for storing identifiers for entities A, H and I, and data for entity I. The organization of these relational tables is characterized by the fact that entities having the possibility of multiple instantiations are stored in separate tables. The approach is said to be a normalized organization of the relational tables.
FIG. 4 illustrates description of correspondence between the semi-structured data and the generated structured organization, in accordance with one embodiment. As illustrated, description 56′ is a meta-table having a number of row entries 72, one for each pair of parent and child nodes. Meta-table 56′ includes seven columns 74 a-74 g, storing identifiers for the in-context, the parent node, the child node, the out-context, the storage table, the parent column and the child column. That is, columns 74 a-74 d track the hierarchical information of semi-structured data 54, and columns 74 e-74 g track the storage location information of the structured organization 52. Additionally, meta-table 56′ includes a number of miscellaneous columns (not shown) for storing various flags and annotations. These miscellaneous flags and annotations include e.g. a flag that distinguishes between an "element" versus an "attribute," an annotation that denotes whether a child can occur more than once with respect to a parent, another annotation that denotes whether the child must occur at all. Each row entry 72 always contains information in columns 74 b-74 c and 74 e-74 g. Row entries 72 for parent-child pairs involving multiple instantiations also contain information in the "context" columns 74 a and 74 d. Where applicable, row entries 72 also include the aforementioned flags and annotations.
FIGS. 6 a-6 b illustrate an example semi-structured data 54″ and its logical representation. The example "directory" semi-structured data 54," delineated by the <directory> and </directory> tags 100 and 150, as illustrated in FIG. 6 a, includes the entities "person," "name," "first name," "last name," "home," "address," "line1," "city," "state," "zip," "phone" (in the context of "home"), "work," and "phone" (in the context of "work"), delineated by the respective tag pairs, i.e. 102 and 148, 104 and 128, and so forth. The example "directory" semi-structured data may be logically represented by tree structure 60′ of FIG. 6 b. Tree structure 60′ includes root node "directory" 162, "person" node 164, "name" node 166, "first name" node 168, "last name" node 170, "home" node 172, "address" node 174, "line 1" node 176, "city" node 178, "state" node 180, "zip" node 182, "home phone" node 184, "work" node 186, and "work phone" node 188.
FIG. 8 illustrates the resulting meta-table 56″ generated by mapper 50 to store the correspondence between the semi-structured data of FIG. 6 a-6 b and the structured organization of FIG. 7, in accordance with the earlier described embodiment referencing FIG. 4-5. As described earlier, each entry contains the information for each parent-child node pair pointing to the table and column storage locations for the parent and child identifier/data (not all rows are shown). The entries for the home and phone node pair, and the work and phone node pair include the storage of a context qualifier (arbitrarily named as "h1" and "w1") identifying which phone and data node pair points to the correct storage locations for the phone data. For ease of understanding, the miscellaneous flags and annotations are omitted.
FIG. 9 illustrates the operational flow of mapper 50 for generating semi-structured organization 54 for structured data 52. At 202, mapper 50 transforms structured data 52 adding corresponding companion columns to the tables to store entity identifiers for the stored entity data. In one embodiment, mapper 50 also adds corresponding columns to the tables to store a composite key formed with the access keys of the tables. For example, in a table, having two columns storing the last and first names of persons as accessing keys, a column is added to store a composite key formed with the last and first names of the persons. At 204, mapper 50 constructs a logical tree structure similar to the ones illustrated in FIGS. 2 b and 6 b, based on the columns storing entity identifiers. At 206, mapper 50 creates meta table 56 as described earlier. At 208, mapper 50 generates semi-structured organization 54 using the generated logical tree structure.
FIG. 10 illustrates an overview of yet another aspect of the present invention. Shown are information pages 302 formed using a language that allows for the use of semi-structured queries, such as XSL, and employment of semi-structured data, like XML encoded data, stored in a structured manner. The correspondence between the semi-structured data and the structured organization are described using the earlier described meta-table or a description mechanism of like kind. Preprocessor 304, incorporated with the teachings of the present invention, is equipped to pre-compile information pages 302, to generate pre-processed information pages 302′, replacing the semi-structured queries with equivalent structured queries to retrieve the required data from the structured data storage. Thus, at fulfillment time, that is in response to a request for one of the information pages, the requested information page may be dynamically completed with the required data, without having to determine in real time where the required semi-structured data are stored in the structured data storage. As a result, a request may be fulfilled with a shorter latency. In other words, the present invention also advantageously enables speed up of fulfillment of requested information pages that have to be dynamically completed with semi-structured data retrieved in real time.
FIG. 11 illustrates the operational flow of pre-processor 304, in accordance with one embodiment. At 402, pre-processor 304 selects a match template for preprocessing. At 404, pre-processor 304 recursively pre-processes data extraction commands within the selected match template, using the above described meta-table. Pre-processor 304 identifies the entity of the semi-structured data, whose data are to be extracted. Pre-processor 304 then uses the meta-table to determine the storage locations for the entity data in the structured data storage. Where necessary, pre-processor 304 cumulates the join conditions for joining the relational tables of the structured data storage to extract the required entity data. At 406, pre-processor determines if all match templates have been processed. If additional match templates are to be processed, operations 402-404 are repeated. Operations 402-404 are repeated as many times as necessary, until all match templates are processed. In due course, all match templates are processed. At such time, 408, pre-processor 304 uses the cumulated information and generates equivalent structured queries to retrieve the required data from the structured data storage. Where applicable, the generation may include generation of an associated control structure to control the repeated execution of a structured query, to iteratively obtain all or a subset of the required data from the structured data storage. At 410, preprocessor 304 replaces the semi-structured query/queries with the generated equivalent structured query/queries, and associated control structure or structures, if any.
Thus, pre-processed information pages 302′ are now primed to readily respond to their requests. FIGS. 12 a-12 c illustrate a specific example of pre-processing an information page. Shown in FIG. 12 a is an example XSL document 502 having a number of match templates. Each matching template includes one or more data extraction commands, such as select, value-of, apply template, and the like. FIG. 12 b illustrates a schema of the underlying semi-structured data 504. FIG. 12 c illustrates the resulting replacement structured query ("Query Loop") 506, including the join conditions, and the control structure to re-use the structured query ($QL.1, $QL.2, and so forth).
FIG. 13 illustrates an example computing environment suitable for practicing the mapping and the pre-processing aspects of the present invention. Example computing environment 600 includes one or more processors 602 and system memory 604. Additionally, computing environment 600 includes mass storage devices 606 (such as diskette, hard drive, CDROM and so forth), input/output devices 608 (such as keyboard, cursor control and so forth) and communication interfaces 610 (such as network interface cards, modems and so forth). The elements are coupled to each other via system bus 612, which represents one or more buses. In the case of multiple buses, the buses are bridged by one or more bus bridges (not shown). Each of these elements perform its conventional functions known in the art. In particular, system memory 604 and mass storage 606 are employed to store a working copy and a permanent copy of the programming instructions implementing the earlier described mapper and/or preprocessor of the present invention. In one embodiment, the implementing programming instructions are a subset of a larger collection of programming instructions implementing a development toolkit that facilitates development of applications that access databases. In another embodiment, the implementing programming instructions are a subset of a large collection of programming instructions implementing a database manager and related functions. The permanent copy of the programming instructions may be loaded into mass storage 606 in the factory, or in the field, through a distribution medium (not shown) or through communication interface 610 (from a distribution server (not shown)). The constitution of these elements 602-612 are known, and accordingly will not be further described.
Tables 1-3 illustrate an example of structured data that is stored in a relational database. The relational database contains three tables: DEPARTMENTS table, EMPLOYEES table, and BUILDINGSDOCS table.
The DEPARTMENTS table contains one row for each department of an organization. As illustrated by Table 1, the organization has a finance and an engineering department. The DEPARTMENTS table contains two columns: name and contact. The name column contains the name of the department, and the contact column contains the employee identifier of the contact person for the department. For example, the first row of the table indicates that the department is "finance" and that the contact employee is "E1247." The EMPLOYEES table contains a row for each employee in the organization. Each row includes seven columns: ID, Fname, Lname, Dept, Bldg, Office, and Manager. The ID column uniquely identifies the employee, the Fname column contains the first name of the employee, the Lname column contains the last name of the employee, the Dept column identifies the employee's department, the Bldg column identifies the building in which the employee is located, the Office column identifies the employee's office within the building, and the Manager column identifies the employee's manager. The Dept column contains one of the values from the Name column of the DEPARTMENTS table. The BUILDINGSDOCS table contains a row for each office within each building of the organization. The BUILDINGSDOCS table contains four columns: Building, Office, Phone, and MaintContact. The Building column identifies a building, the Office column identifies an office within the building, the Phone column contains the phone number associated with that office, and the MaintContact column identifies the employee who is the maintenance contact for the office. The combination of the Building and Office columns uniquely identifies each row. The Bldg and Office columns of the EMPLOYEES table identifies a row within the BUILDINGSDOCS table.
Table 4 is an example of semi-structured data stored as an XML document.
The XML document includes the root element <deptlist> that has a name attribute and that contains a <dept> element corresponding to each department within an organization. Each <dept> element contains an <employee> element for each employee within the department. Each <employee> element contains a <name> element and optionally an <office> element. The <name> element includes a <first> element and <last> element. The <office> element includes a phone attribute. The schema of an XML document may be represented by an XML data type definition ("DTD") of the document. FIG. 15 illustrates the schema of this XML document. As this figure illustrates, the schema is specified as a tree-like hierarchy with the nodes of the tree having parent-child relationships. For example, node 1504 is the parent of nodes 1505 and 1508, which are children of node 1504. Node 1501 corresponds to the <deptlist> element and has one child node 1502, which corresponds to the <dept> element. Node 1502 has two child nodes, 1503 and 1504. Node 1504 corresponds to the name attribute of the <dept> element and node 1504 corresponds to the <employee> element. Node 1504 has two child nodes 1505 and 1508. Node 1505 corresponds to the <name> element and has two child nodes 1506 and 1507. Node 1506 corresponds to the <first> element, and node 1507 corresponds to the <last> element. Node 1508 corresponds to the <office> element and has one child node 1509, which corresponds to the phone attribute.
The mapping technique is particularly useful in situations where a legacy database, such as the example database of Tables 1-3, is to be accessed using queries designed for semi-structured data, such as the example of Table 4. The XML schema may be previously defined and many different applications for accessing data based on that XML schema may have also been defined. For example, one such application may be a query of the data. An example query for semi-structured data may be an XML transform that is designed to input data in XML format and output a subset of the data in XML format. For example, a query for the database of Tables 1-3 may be a request to list the ID of each employee in the "Finance" department. The subset of that data that is output corresponds to the results of the query represented by the XSL transform. One skilled in the art would appreciate that queries can be represented in other formats such as XML-QL. When a legacy database is to be accessed, the data is not stored using XML format. Thus, in one embodiment, a query system inputs a semi-structured query and uses a mapping table to generate a structured query, such as an SQL query, that is appropriate for accessing the legacy database. The mapping technique for generating that mapping table is described in the following.
Table 5 is a portion of the mapping table generated in accordance with the mapping technique that maps the XML schema of Table 4 to the legacy database of Tables 1-3.
The mapping table contains one row for each parent-child relationship of the XML schema. As shown in FIG. 15, the XML schema defines eight parent-child relationships such as the relationship between node 1502 and node 1504. Thus, the mapping table contains eight rows. Each row uniquely identifies a parent-child relationship using the ParentName and ChildName columns. For example, the parent-child relationship of node 1502 and node 1504 is represented by row 3 as indicated by the ParentName of "dept" and the ChildName of "employee." Each row maps the parent-child relationship to the table in the legacy database that corresponds to that relationship. In the example of row 3, the Table column indicates that the "dept-employee" relationship maps to the EMPLOYEES table. The query system could use only the ParentName, ChildName, and Table columns of the mapping table to generate a structured query from a semi-structured query. For example, if the legacy database had used the same column names as defined by the elements of the XML schema (e.g., "employee" rather than "ID"), then only these three columns would be needed to generate the structured query. For example, if the semi-structured query requested an identifier of all employees within the finance department and the DEPARTMENTS table contained an "employee" column rather than an "ID" column, then the query system could input a semi-structured query with only these three columns and generate a structured query. In the more general case where the columns of the legacy database are arbitrarily named, the mapping table includes a parent key column ("PKey") and a child key column ("CKey"). The parent key column contains the name of the column that identifies the parent of the parent-child relationship. The child key column contains the name of the column that identifies the child of the parent-child relationship. For example, in row 3, the parent is identified by the "dept" column and the child is identified by the "ID" column in the EMPLOYEES table. Thus, to generate the structured query to retrieve the ID of an employee within the finance department, the query that uses a select clause of EMPLOYEES.dept="Finance" would be used. Table 5 also includes a column named "A/E" to indicate whether the row corresponds to an element within the semi-structured data or an attribute of an element with semi-structured data. As illustrated by rows 7 and 8, some of the parent and child keys actually consist of multiple columns that uniquely identify a row in the corresponding table. For example, the rows of the BUILDINGSDOCS table are uniquely identified by a combination of the Building and Office columns.
The query system maps the selections within the semi-structured query to selections within a structured query. The following illustrates the basic format of that mapping when the structured query is an SQL format.
mapping when the query represents the identification of the idea of all employees within the finance department.
The TABLE1, PKEY1, and CKEY1 parameters are derived from the first parent-child relationship in the chain, and the TABLE2, PKEY2, and CKEY2 parameters are derived from the second parent-child relationship in the chain. The child key associated with the first parent-child relationship matches the parent key associated with the second parent-child relationship. The following is an example of the chaining to identify the building for the employees of the finance department.
In one embodiment, the mapping table also contains the value rows corresponding to each leaf node, that is a node that is not a parent node. The leaf nodes of FIG. 15 are nodes 1503, 1506, 1507, and 1509. In one embodiment, each value row identifies an XML element or attribute, the table in the legacy database that contains an element, and the name of the column in the table that contains the value for that element or attribute. Table 6 illustrates the four value rows for the mapping associated with Tables 1-3 and Table 4.
The "A/E" column identifies whether the row is an attribute or element; the "Name" column identifies the name of the element and attributes; the "Table" column identifies the legacy table; the "Key" column identifies the key for that table; and the "Value" column identifies the name of the column where the value is stored.
While the present invention has been described in terms of the above-illustrated embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described. The present invention can be practiced with modification and alteration within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. The description is thus to be regarded as illustrative instead of restrictive on the present invention.
wherein the description of how the semi-structured data are stored in the collection of structured data includes a mapping between the semi-structured data and the structured data that indicates hierarchical information of the semi-structured data.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said pre-processing of semi-structured queries is also performed to identify join conditions for joining relational storage tables of said collection of structured data to retrieve the data.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said pre-processing of semi-structured queries comprises pre-processing matching templates of said semi-structured queries.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said pre-processing matching templates comprises pre-processing of data extraction commands within each of the matching templates.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said generation of equivalent structured queries comprises generating structured queries, and control structures controlling repeated execution of the generated structured queries.
6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the data structure includes: for each parent and child relationship in the semi-structured data, a mapping from a parent identifier and a child identifier of the parent and child relationship to a table identifier of a table in the structured data that corresponds to the parent and child relationship.
returning the dynamically completed information page.
8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the information page is one of a plurality of information pages that are formed with a language that provides for semi-structured queries.
9. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein each mapping further includes a parent key identifier and a child key identifier of the table that correspond to the parent identifier and child identifier of the mapping.
10. The method as recited in claim 9, wherein each mapping further includes an indicator of whether a child of the parent and child relationship is an attribute or an element.
11. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the data structure supports recursive definition of elements of the semi-structured data.
12. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the semi-structured data is in XML format.
13. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the structured data is in a relational format.
14. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the data structure includes for each child of a parent and child relationship that is also not a parent, a mapping from the child identifier of that child to a table identifier of a table in the structured data.
15. The method as recited in claim 14, wherein the mapping from the child identifier of that child also maps to a child key identifier in the table.
16. The method as recited in claim 14, wherein the mapping from the child identifier of that child also maps to an indicator as to whether the child is an attribute or an element of its parent.
17. The method as recited in claim 14, wherein the mapping from the child identifier of that child also maps to a child value identifier in the table.
creating a mapping between the identified parent and child relationship and the identified table.
19. The method as recited in claim 18, wherein the mapping maps a parent identifier and child identifier of the parent and child relationship to a table identifier of the identified table.
20. The method as recited in claim 19, wherein each mapping further includes a parent key identifier and a child key identifier of the table that correspond to the parent identifier and child identifier of the mapping.
21. The method as recited in claim 20, wherein each mapping further includes an indicator of whether a child of the parent and child relationship is an attribute or an element.
22. The method as recited in claim 19, wherein the semi-structured data is in XML format, and wherein the structured data is in a relational format.
23. The method as recited in claim 19, wherein the semi-structured data is in XML format.
24. The method as recited in claim 19, wherein the structured data is in a relational format.
25. The method as recited in claim 19, wherein the data structure is generated by further performing the following steps: for each child of a parent and child relationship that is also not a parent, creating a mapping from the child identifier of that child to a table identifier of a table in the structured data.
26. The method as recited in claim 25 wherein the mapping from the child identifier of that child also maps to a child key identifier in the table.
27. The method as recited in claim 25 wherein the mapping from the child identifier of that child also maps to an indicator as to whether the child is an attribute or an element of its parent.
28. The method as recited in claim 25, wherein the mapping from the child identifier of that child also maps to a child value identifier in the table.
a processor coupled to the storage medium to execute the programming instructions.
30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said programming instructions are also designed to pre-process the semi-structured queries to identify join conditions for joining relational storage tables of said collection of structured data to retrieve the data.
31. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said programming instructions are designed to pre-process matching templates of said semi-structured queries.
32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein said programming instructions are further designed to pre-process data extraction commands within each of the matching templates.
33. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said programming instructions are designed to generate structured queries, and control structures controlling repeated execution of the generated structured queries.
34. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said programming instructions are a subset of a larger collection of programming instructions implementing a selected one of a database manager and a development toolkit that facilitates development of applications that access data bases.
to replace the semi-structured queries with the equivalent structured queries.
36. The article of claim 35, wherein said programming instructions are also designed to enable the system to pre-process the semi-structured queries to identify join conditions for joining relational storage tables of said collection of structured data to retrieve the data.
37. The article of claim 35, wherein said programming instructions are designed to enable the system to pre-process matching templates of said semi-structured queries.
38. The article of claim 37, wherein said programming instructions are further designed to enable the system to pre-process data extraction commands within each of the matching templates.
39. The article of claim 35, wherein said programming instructions are designed to enable the system to generate structured queries, and control structures controlling repeated execution of the generated structured queries.
40. The article of claim 35, wherein said programming instructions are a subset of a larger collection of programming instructions implementing a selected one of a database manager and a development toolkit that facilitates development of applications that access data bases.
42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the apparatus is a web server, the language is extensible script language (XSL), the information pages are XSL documents, and the semi-structured data are extensible mark-up language (XML) data.
43. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the structured data are relational data and the structured queries are formed using the structured query language (SQL).
"W3C XML-QL: A Query Language for XML," Submission to the World Wide Web Consortium, Aug. 19, 1998 http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/Note-xml-ql-19980819/ [Accessed Nov. 11, 2001].
Abiteboul, Serge, et al., "Foundations of Databases," Chapter 20, pp. 508-541, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1995.
Accessing Data Using Visual Basic, Copyright 2001 Microsoft Corporation http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/vbcon98/html/vbconaccessingdata.asp?frame=true [Accessed Nov. 11, 2001].
Bonifati, Angela et al., "Comparative Analysis of Five XML Query Languages," SIGMOD Record, vol. 29, No. 1, Mar. 2000, pp. 68-79.
Breazu-Tannen, Val et al., "Naturally Embedded Query Languages," Database Theory-ICDT '92, 4th International Conference, Berlin, Germany, Oct. 14-16, 1992 Proceedings.
Breazu-Tannen, Val et al., "Naturally Embedded Query Languages," Database Theory—ICDT '92, 4th International Conference, Berlin, Germany, Oct. 14-16, 1992 Proceedings.
Chamberlin, Don., "A Complete Guide to DB2 Universal Database," Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., 1998, pp. 1-35.
Colby, Latha S., "A Recursive Algebra and Query Optimization for Nested Relations," Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, pp. 273-283, SIGMOND '95.
Daniela Florescu et al, "A Performance Evaluation of Alternative mapping Schemes for Storing XML Data in a Relational Database," an-Experience Paper-, pp. 1-22.
Deutsch, Alin et al., "A Query Language for XML," Computer Networks 31, May 17, 1999 pp. 1155-1169.
Fegaras, Leonidas and Maier, David, "Towards an Effective Calculus for Object Query Languages," Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science & Technology, Portland, Oregon, pp. 47-58, SIGMOND '95.
Forms and Data-Aware Controls, Copyright 2001 Microsoft Corporatioin http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/vbcon98/.../vbcondataawarecontrols.asp?frame=true [Accessed Nov. 11, 2001].
Goldman, Roy and Widom, Jennifer, "DataGuides: Enabling Query Formulation and Optimization in Semistructured Databases," Proceedings of the 23rd VLDB Conference, Athens, Greece, 1997 (10 pages).
International Search Report for International Application No. PCT/US01/45046, Nimble Technology, Inc., Dec. 22, 2003, pp. 1-6.
International Search Report from International Search Report Application No. PCT/US 01/06755, Nimble Technology, Inc., Nov. 28, 2003, pp. 1-3.
Jayavel Shanmugasundaram et al, "Relational Databases for Querying XML Documents: Limitations and Opportunities," Proc. of the 25th VLDB Conf., Edinburgh, Scotland, 1999, 13 pages.
Kasukawa et al., A New Method for Maintaining Semi-Structured Data Described in XML, Communications, Computers and Signal Processing, 1999 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Aug. 22-14, 1999, pp. 258-261.
Konopnicki, et al., A Comprehensive Framework for Querying & Integrating WWW Data and Services, IEEE Proceedings Cooperative Information Systems, Sep. 1999, pp. 172-183.
Lowry, XML Data Mediation and Collaboration: A Comprehensive Architecture and Query Requirements for Using XML to Mediate Heterogeneous Data Sources and Targets, Science Systems, 2001. Proceedings of the 34th Hawaii Inter. Conf. on Jan. 3, 2001, p. 1-9.
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Nimble Technology, The Nimble Integration Suite™, White Paper, Sep. 11, 2000.
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Reilly, Douglas, "Using Stored Procedures in Active Server Pages" http://www.ddj.com/documents/s=875/ddj0065e/ [Accessed Nov. 11, 2001].
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U.S. Appl. No. 09/718,228, filed Nov. 21, 2000, Draper et al.
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U.S. Final Office Action dated Jul. 1, 2005 from related U.S. Appl. No. 09/921,446, 10 pgs.
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You can quickly and easily create a good looking and effective private or enterprise website using the Free Of Charge Website Generator, included in the Web Site Control Panel. It doesn't require any type of HTML or CSS skills from you. You could make your unique website without needing to produce a single chunk of back–end code. You're able to pick from more than a hundred website templates that could be easily customized with the easy to use online manager. Once you are all set, you're able to start your site in an instant merely by clicking on the publication key. If you ever need assistance, you can make contact with our 24–hour support crew, examine the step–by–step articles or view the free set of video tutorials.
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Thirty years ago, strategy was the CEO's job. Since then, as the composition of top executive teams has changed, responsibility for leading strategy development has been shared by more members of the C-suite. The 1990s saw the rise of the strategic CFO, and more recently many companies have created a chief strategy officer (CSO) position. For chief executives, developing a good strategy is a management challenge that, at its best, involves maximizing the unique contributions of very different executives and, at its worst, requires managing counterproductive tension and turf wars between CFOs, CSOs and, quite often, business-unit heads.
Such friction is destructive — and a huge missed opportunity, because the CFO and the strategy head are far more effective when they collaborate. Together, they have the stature to challenge and influence how the company makes decisions.
In our experience at McKinsey, creating this ideal partnership usually requires the CFO to become more directly and deeply involved in strategy development. There are two reasons for this. First, the finance chief is often first among equals on the board of directors and can help engage the board more productively on strategy. And second, the hard data and empirical mindset that the CFO brings to the table can be invaluable in setting and executing the company's game plan, especially when it comes to forecasting trends or managing government and regulatory relationships. CEOs understand this: two-thirds of top executives we recently polled believe the best way for CFOs to help their companies succeed is to spend more time on strategy.
We've seen three particular areas where cultivating this partnership can have major impact on performance.
Companies tend to be timid capital reallocators. On average, they put 90% or more of their resources toward the same activities year after year, even though shifting resources as the business environment and company strategies change tends to deliver better, less volatile returns — particularly during down times.
In the case of one North American health care company, the CSO set up a planning council that included the CFO to discuss strategic issues, growth opportunities, and funding needs. For each of the promising opportunities — which carried the imprimatur of both the CFO and the CSO — the council appointed a strategic leader. Each leader was charged with creating a deliberate dialogue with existing business leaders and cultivating their support for more than a dozen related initiatives well in advance of the annual allocation process. As a result, the council was able to aggressively challenge the expenses attributed to running the business and set aside a defined amount for growing the business instead. Clearly, this result was achieved due to the foresight and trusted collaboration of the CFO, the CSO, and their teams.
Growth is often a function of being in the right place at the right time. Our research shows that more than 60% of growth comes from riding on favorable tailwinds — that is, doing business in markets that are growing well and where your company enjoys a competitive advantage. Yet fewer than 15% of executives consider such macroeconomic trends in making strategy decisions, and less than a quarter even look at their own financial projections and portfolio performance.
It's a big oversight, and strategy heads, working with finance chiefs, can help correct it. CSOs are usually in charge of their organizations' trend forecasting, which can point to growth opportunities and looming disruptions. Similarly, they're often the go-to individuals on competitor analysis. These insights are more powerful when combined with CFOs' traditional strengths in managing the portfolio and the M&A strategy.
The experience of a CFO and CSO at one industrial conglomerate is illustrative. The newly appointed CSO analyzed what contributed to each business's growth. Underlying factors included, for example, projections down to the level of how much new commercial floor space would be built in Latin American cities — a central variable in forecasting demand for the company's most advantaged products, such as electrical wiring. The CFO, in turn, provided data and analytical rigor in assessing the business case for each product. In particular, the CFO created a database that empirically evaluated pricing relative to demand and the number of competitors in each submarket. With information at this level of detail, the executive team could see which businesses in the company's portfolio were the best positioned to capture pockets of growth. Not only were they better able to set targets for organic growth, which the CFO now uses to manage performance, but they also used the information to develop a clear acquisition and divestment strategy.
Balancing a long-term growth strategy with the demands of increasingly vocal short-term investors is a big challenge for corporate leaders, one that strategy and finance executives can best meet as a team. A strategist's deep knowledge of regulation, innovation, and trends complements a finance expert's understanding of cost and revenue, capital allocation, and stakeholder issues. Together, they can propose options that improve the short-term earnings and the longer-term prospects in a way that is compelling to management, boards, and investors.
So how can CFOs, CSOs, and CEOs foster this partnership? Conversations about expectations and the division of roles are an important start, but they're not enough. One company, for example, encourages collaboration by rotating strategy and finance professionals between the two teams. That enables both sides to see how resources fit with the long- and short-term strategies, and it ensures that the two teams serve one unified goal. The CEO and the board can further encourage collaboration — and deter competition — between the CFO and CSO by working more closely on strategy with both them, forging a team dynamic. In the end, a successful partnership between the two executives will help the CEO, the board, and the rest of the executive team face the challenges of creating growth over the long term.
Ankur Agrawal is a partner in the Corporate Finance & Strategy practice at McKinsey & Company in New York.
Emma Gibbs is a partner at McKinsey & Company in London.
Jean-Hugues Monier is a partner in the Corporate Finance & Strategy practice at McKinsey & Company.


Membership in the Lockport Golf Club is limited to 450 Memberships. Some of these are single memberships and some are family memberships. In total, the club has approximately 750 golfing members.
Any person of good reputation may become a member of the Lockport Golf Club up-on application, duly approved by the Board of Directors and purchase of a membership and payment of the current annual dues and initiation fee where applicable.
Married male or female together with his or her spouse and their dependent children up to 22 years of age.
Male or female playing individually.
Members shall pay such dues and fees as the Board of Directors may determine. Such dues shall be stated and made a part of the annual membership information form. The membership information form shall be submitted yearly and will apply from January 1 to December 31. Annual membership dues is payable yearly prior to March 1st.
Guests of members will be permitted to play under the rules as established by the Board of Directors. Regular billings will be mailed for guest golf fees as well as cart rental fees and will be due upon receipt. Failure to pay such fees prior to the end of the month in which the bill was sent, will result in a penalty as set forth by the Board.


NEW DELHI: Tata Technologies, a product development and engineering services firm under Tata Group, has been named a global engineering and IT outsourcing leader in Zinnov's 2015 Global R&D Service Providers Ratings.
Tata Technologies received high overall marks across all selected categories based on breadth and depth of service capabilities and high delivery standards. In the automotive and the construction and heavy machinery sectors, the company was given standout positions and recognised as a clear and established global leader.
"This is a testament to the hard work, dedication and diverse expertise of our teams around the globe. We are clearly established as leaders in the automotive and construction and heavy machinery verticals, and we are now also emerging as a leader in the aerospace sector, where we see considerable potential for growth, said Richard Welford, Chief Marketing and Strategy Officer, Tata Technologies. "This report recognises the significance of our core industry value propositions for manufacturers seeking a strategic engineering and innovation partner."
In the last financial year, Tata Technologies generated over $424 million in consolidated revenue.
"Their engineering partnerships with global enterprises in critical large scale R&D programs and their ability to execute end-to-end product development programs is what makes Tata Technologies stand out as a leading player in the automotive and heavy machinery services sectors," opined Sidhant Rastogi, Partner and Practice Head of Zinnov.


You've been pink-slipped and the temptation is to lick the wounds, disappear to the basement and complain about the unfairness of it all.
Don't wait for the phone to ring.
Talk about yourself in the present tense.
Create a narrative that emphasizes success and accomplishment to indicate you're ready to pick up where you left off.
Hire an agent. And if you can't afford one, ask one of savviest friends to give you feedback on the way you present yourself. Act on the advice.
Go out of your "network" to broaden your networking (your network already knows your story).
Never leave the house without hoping to bump into someone (Translation: full dress battle regalia at all times).
Identify two to three people that are "information-traders" who will open their contact base (and heart) to you. Go to their offices and tell them how much you admire them. Before parting, ask them for introductions to other traders.
Research two to three companies whose history, product line, and problems would seem a logical fit for someone with your capabilities.
Go to your LinkedIn list and see if anyone you know is one-to-two degrees of separation to the prospective companies.
Ask your people to call their people (Translation: ask your network to help facilitate a face-to-face meeting).


text:
//
//  ViewController.m
//  TestThree
//
//  Created by gongzhentao on 15/11/1.
//  Copyright © 2015年 gongzhentao. All rights reserved.
//

#import "ViewController.h"

NSString *docPath()
{
    NSArray *pathList = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    return [[pathList objectAtIndex:0]stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"data.txt"];
}

@interface ViewController ()

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)addTask:(id)sender
{
    NSString *text = [taskField text]; //从输入框获取新的任务
    if ([text  isEqualToString:@""]) {
        return; //如果是空的什么也不做
    }
    [tasks addObject: text]; //将新的任务添加到模型
    [taskTable reloadData]; //表格视图重新载入数据
    [taskField setText:@""]; //清空输入框
    [taskField resignFirstResponder]; //关闭软键盘
}

- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section
{
    if ([tasks count] == 0) {
        [tasks addObject:@"Walk the dogs"];
        [tasks addObject:@"Feed the hogs"];
        [tasks addObject:@"Chop the logs"];
    }
    return [tasks count];
}

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    UITableViewCell *cell = [taskTable dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:@"Cell"];
    if (!cell) {
        cell = [[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:@"Cell"];
    }
    NSString *item = [tasks objectAtIndex: [indexPath row]];
    [[cell textLabel] setText:item];
    return cell ;
}

- (void)viewDidLoad {

    NSArray *plist = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:docPath()];
    if (plist) {
        tasks = [plist mutableCopy];
    } else {
        tasks = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    }
    /*
    CGRect windowFrame = [[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds];
    UIWindow *theWindow = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame: windowFrame];
    [self setWindow: theWindow];
    */

    CGRect tableFrame = CGRectMake(0, 80, 320, 380);
    CGRect fieldFrame = CGRectMake(20, 40, 200, 31);
    CGRect buttonFrame = CGRectMake(228, 40, 72, 31);

    taskTable = [[UITableView alloc] initWithFrame:tableFrame style:UITableViewStylePlain];
    [taskTable setSeparatorStyle: UITableViewCellSeparatorStyleNone];
    [taskTable setDataSource:self];

    taskField = [[UITextField alloc] initWithFrame:fieldFrame];
    [taskField setBorderStyle:UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect];
    [taskField setPlaceholder:@"Type a task, tap Insert"];

    insertButton = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
    [insertButton setFrame:buttonFrame];
    [insertButton setTitle:@"Insert" forState:UIControlStateNormal];

    [insertButton addTarget:self action:@selector(addTask:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];

    [[self view] addSubview:taskTable];
    [[self view] addSubview:taskField];
    [[self view] addSubview:insertButton];

    //[[self view] setBackgroundColor: [UIColor whiteColor]];
    //[[self view] makeKeyAndVisible];

}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}

- (void)applicationDidEnterBackground: (UIApplication *) application
{
    [tasks writeToFile:docPath() atomically:YES];
}

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Unitek College has an opening for a Receptionist who will also serve as an Administrative Assistant to provide support for both the Admissions department and the Campus Director at the Hayward campus.
Unitek-Hayward offers college level diploma programs in Vocational Nursing, Dental Assisting, Medical Assisting, and Information Technology.
The Administrative Assistant / Receptionist reports directly to the Campus Director but works closely to support the Admissions staff for intake of new students.
Answer telephone calls and transfer to the appropriate staff members.
Greet visitors courteously, determine their needs and direct them to the appropriate person.
Monitor main entry area to ensure that visitors and/or delivery people are properly escorted.
Track incoming inquiries on call logs and online data bases.
Audit student education files for errors and omissions.
Assist with other related clerical duties such as photocopying, faxing, filing, mail, etc.
Excellent verbal communication skills, especially on the telephone.
Patience and flexibility to adapt to changes.
Dependability for being at work, arriving on time, and following instructions.
A Bachelor degree is preferred. Bilingual skills are particularly helpful.
This is an entry level position and no prior work experience is required. Training will be provided.


text:
Angolahub
Angola's Banco Económico takes stake in Tranquilidade insurance company
Angolan bank Banco Economico plans to acquire the shareholding of Seguradora Unidos in Tranquilidade - Corporação Angolana de Seguros, the Regulatory Competition Authority (ARC) announced in a statement released in Luanda.
Angolan government mobilises resources to secure fuel supply
The Angolan government has announced the mobilisation of the necessary resources to completely stabilise the fuel supply market in the next few days, according to a statement from the Civil House of the President.
Forum Macau wants more tourist cooperation with Portuguese-speaking countries
Boosting exchange and cooperation in the areas of tourism, conventions and exhibitions is a key task in the framework of Forum Macau, the Secretary-General of Forum Macau said on Monday.
Imports of goods into Angola will require hiring a national insurer
Angolan companies will be forced to hire an Angolan insurance company when importing consumer goods and equipment, the chairman of the Angolan Agency for Regulation and Supervision of Insurance (Arseg) announced on Monday in Luanda.
Angola's national reinsurance company presented to investors within three months
The creation of Angola's national reinsurance company, Empresa Nacional de Resseguros de Angola "AngoRe" is in its final phase and is expected to be presented to potential shareholders within three months, the president of the sector regulator said on Monday in Luanda.
Lack of fuels in Angola is due to difficulty accessing currency
The shortage of fuel in Angola's fuel stations is due to the difficulty in accessing foreign exchange to pay for the import of refined products, Angolan state oil company Sonangol said in a statement released in Luanda.
World Bank funds scientific research into cassava in Angola
The World Bank has provided a loan of US$25 million to Angola to fund scientific research into the country's cassava production chain, said the coordinator of the Agricultural Productivity Program for Southern Africa.
Angola's bioenergy company starts exporting ethanol to Europe
Angolan biofuel company Biocom this month plans to export 8,500 cubic feet of ethanol to Europe in two shipments on 13 and 23 May, announced the company's sales director.
International Finance Corporation opens representative office in Angola
The International Finance Corporation (IFC), of the World Bank Group, is opening a representative office in Luanda next September, said in Luanda, Frank Doumba, of the IFC.
Toyota Group wants to contribute to the development of Angola
The Toyota group is interested in contributing to the growth of Angola, not only in the automotive sector but in the areas of infrastructure and energy, the chief executive of Japan's Toyota Tsusho Corporation said on Thursday in Luanda.
Privatisation of public companies in Angola will give rise to shareholder market
The government-approved privatisation of state-owned companies will lead, from July to the emergence of a stock market in Angola, the chairman of the board of the Angola Debt and Stock Exchange (Bodiva) said on Thursday in Luanda.
World Bank grants new credit to Angola
The World Bank will grant an additional loan of US$1.2 billion to Angola in June, which will be applied to a pre-selected set of projects, one of the institution's executive directors said on Thursday in Luanda.
Government of Angola establishes rules for importing goods in the basic basket
The import of the 54 products that make up Angola's basic basket has been restricted since 30 April to comply with a set of requirements that prioritises their acquisition in the domestic market, announced the Ministry of Economy and Planning.
Investment proposals in Angola reach US$750 million in nine months
Between August 2018 and April last, Angola's Private Investment and Export Promotion Agency (Aipex) received 118 investment proposals worth a total of US$750 million, director Sandra Dias dos Santos, said in Luanda.
National Bank of Angola rules that banks must apply differentiated interest rates
Commercial banks operating in Angola will have to apply differentiated interest rates to their clients, under Instruction 04/2019, of 26 April, released on Monday in Luanda by the National Bank of Angola.
Angola wants to increase annual diamond production to 14 million carats
The Angolan government intends to increase the country's annual production of diamonds to 14 million carats, compared to the current 9 million carats, the Secretary of State for Geology and Mines said on Monday in Luanda.
Government of Angola establishes the status of Authorised Economic Operator
Twenty major import and export companies from Angola will be designated as Authorised Economic Operators (OAS), the director of the Customs Services of the General Tax Administration (AGT) announced in Luanda.
New Luanda international airport could start operating in 2022/2023
The construction of Luanda's new international airport is expected to be completed in 2022/2023, with financial resources being secured through a credit line granted by China, a public official said.
Angolan government reduces expenses with new proposal for 2019 State Budget
The Angolan government has reviewed the State Budget for 2019 to adjust it a drop in oil prices, according to a statement from the Economic Commission of the Council of Ministers.
Government of Cabo Verde sells 10% stake in airline TACV
The government of Cabo Verde plans to sell 10% of the shares of TACV - Cabo Verde Airlines, through the country's Stock Exchange, announced the Minister of State, Parliamentary Affairs and the Presidency of the Council of Ministers of Cabo Verde.
Presidency of the Republic
Government's Official Portal of the Angola's Republic
APIEX Angola – Agency for Investment, Promotion and Export
ANGOP – Angola Press
Angolan Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Chamber of Commerce and Industry Portugal Angola

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Documentary Mit Bubi heim ins Reich (). 1h 19min | Documentary | 12 February (Germany) . Digital Photography · Audible Download Audio Books.
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Last to Die has ratings and reviews. Tanya said: I'll be narrating this title. I've narrated two of the Rizzoli & Isles series and I can't t. For the second time in his short life, Teddy Clock has survived a massacre. Two years ago, he barely escaped when his entire family was slaughtered.
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18 Jun - 2 min - Uploaded by BrotherMovie "Witch Doctor" sung by Alvin, Simon, Theodore and Dave Seville. 28 Jan - 3 min - Uploaded by chipmunk Witch Doctor Alvin And The Chipmunks. Up next. You Spin Me Round Like A Record.


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Thomas or Tom Moody may refer to:

 Thomas Moody (British Army officer) (1779 - 1849), British geopolitical expert
 Thomas Pearson Moody (1841–1917), mining engineer in Australia and New Zealand
 Tom Moody (born 1965), Australian cricketer
 Tom Moody (artist), American artist and art critic
 Tom Moody (businessman) (born 1973), British businessman
 Tom Moody (politician) (1930–2008), American politician and 49th mayor of Columbus, Ohio, USA

See also
 Thomas Moodie (disambiguation)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home A & E Restored Film 'The Hoodlum' Delves Into the Minds of Misfits
Restored Film 'The Hoodlum' Delves Into the Minds of Misfits
Deanna Kim
Film-noir "The Hoodlum," directed by Max Nosseck in 1950, tells the story of a sociopath and anti-hero, Vincent Lubeck, after his release from prison. The second of five films in the Carsey-Wolf Center's film series "The Future of the Past: The Art and Philosophy of Film Preservation Series" was shown at the Pollock Theater on Tuesday, Jan. 15.
Shortly after his release from prison, Lubeck continues his menacing, selfish ways, letting nothing get in the way of his goals, desires, or criminal activity. He lacks moral responsibility and remorse throughout the whole film, only showing that he is capable of producing tears at his mother's death bed.
"No redeeming social qualities whatsoever," said guest speaker Jan-Christopher Horak at the screening, in reference to Lubeck. Horak is the director of the University of California, Los Angeles Film and TV Archive, which is the second largest film and television archive in the United States and one of the ten largest in the world.
Most of the acting in the film is overly theatrical, but because the whole movie is exaggerated, from the music to the script, it remains entertaining and convincing. The characters are not multi-dimensional, so the movie was predictable—yet simultaneously very unpredictable because of its simplicity. I kept expecting an unconventional twist, but Lubeck's psychopathic personality and extreme antisocial attitude was so blatant that it became humorous.
"He's an a**hole," said Yibing Guo, a second-year film and media studies major. "At some point you want him to win. There is no way he's going to redeem himself. You don't want him to change. You want him to stay this a**hole and at least get something out of that."
This film was restored at UCLA Film and TV archive in 2008 from original camera negatives found in Argentina. The process of restoring and preserving films is becoming critical to help older films to continue to exist. Digital restoration and preservation is also on the rise, but with serious challenges as digital preservation entails reformatting the film every two or so years, it is a very expensive and laborious act.
"The importance of film archives and film preservations is that for much of the history of cinema, probably until the 1960s, there was no such thing [as a film archive or preservation] in any systematic way," said Horak. "As a result, about 90% of all silent films were lost and 50% of all sound film, up until 1950, were lost . . . so what remains is important and really needs to be preserved. . .they're important cultural artifacts of our culture and foreign cultures."
As technology continues to advance, it parallels the transformation of art and techniques of film and media. The use of film for cinematography is slowly shifting to digital in some aspects, but primarily using film for cinematography has not seceded yet. Luckily, because of film and television archives, the current generation and generations to come can continue to enjoy films from around the world and of various eras such as "The Hoodlum."


I predominately schedule sessions on Sunday evenings, that way we are less likely to find ourselves with a bunch of people around where we are wanting the session to take place at. Though, I do revolve engagement sessions around your passions as a couple, so sometimes we have to work with the time constraints that may have. For example, say your favorite place to go is an arcade, or your favorite coffee shop. If they aren't open on certain days, we will schedule your session around the time that we can have access to to your favorite places!
Selecting an engagement session location will be done in complete collaboration with you and your significant other. I do have favorite location from past clients, but I want to make each engagement session personalized on what you like to do as a couple. We can start with your favorite locations, or something that reflects your interests and brings memories back. This is completely up to you. Any places with significance to you is a good start. Where did he propose? Where was your first date? Where is your favorite place to spend weekends or evenings at? The possibilities are endless!
If you still want me to suggest and pick the location for your session, I have no problem and would be happy to do that for you. Either way, they're going to look amazing!
Having something which is both comfortable and simple looks the best for photos. I love boho maxi dresses with dress shirts and khakis, but I know that is not everyones style. This session is based on the two of you, so it should be almost like a fun date for the two of you, since I will focus on your passion and feelings for each other quite a bit. I recommend to bring accessories and layer your clothing, which is an easy way to add to and also change styles fast if we have a short amount of time. Bright colors and clothing free of patterns or logos is always the best. If you decide to wear heels at the session, I suggest to also have flats to wear for walking, as we will be moving quite a bit from a location to location and I love making people walk.
During your engagement session, we will be taking multiple images to capture the love and affection between the two of you. I usually take as many images as I feel tell the story of this time we spent together, so each session varies with the final amount. No matter the original amount of images I take, I only select the best for the final set which will be delivered to you for you to choose your session package.
If you have more favorites than your package contains, you are more than welcome to purchase additional to keep!
It usually takes up to 3-4 weeks for me to process your engagement images and post them into your private online gallery for you to select and choose your images for download. This includes making the final selections, processing and editing them, and then uploading them to my website. If you need them earlier, there is a $100.00 rush fee and you will have them one week after the session.
Of course! I actually have a background in Graphic Design and I love designing cards and save the dates for people. I you decide this is something you want me to do, I will have you select the images you want for your save the dates and if you have any inspiration cards that you absolutely adore, then I will come up with a price for how many you need. When we finalize that, I will send you an invoice so I can start designing. I will create and share few designs with you for review and approval. Once approved, prepare the prints or share the digital image if you wish to print them yourself.
The cost for the save-the-date digital image is $150 and the prints cost vary depending on the print size and photo paper finish. Contact me for details on the print pricing.
Of course you can! The steps are pretty simple. If you decide that you want an album, I would invoice you the price of the album, which are $500/album. After the invoice is paid, I will have you select your favorite images for the album and I will begin designing it for you. It generally takes 4-6 weeks to make and be shipped to me for me to deliver personally to you, so I recommend ordering one as early as you can if you are on a time crunch.


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Q: Can I write a general wrapper class which adds a function to any class? So there is an encoder library with many different encoder classes in Machine Learning:
from category_encoders import BinaryEncoder as BE, OneHotEncoder as OE

These classes miss some functionality, I want to add a function called get_feature_names_out() - what it does is not important.
My approach is to create a class like this:
class BinaryEncoder(BE):
    def get_feature_names_out():
        # do stuff and return value

encoder = BinaryEncoder()

This works fine, but I do not want to write a wrapper class for every single encoder. Is it possible to replace BE in the class definition with a general object? So that I can create an instance like this:
encoder = GeneralEncoderClass(BinaryEncoder())

I can not figure out how I can let the GeneralEncoderClass inherit all the functionality of its "parent" encoder class, without defining it in the the header.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Do you know a Documentary Torrents profile? Please leave it in the comments.


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The 17th Congress: Hits and misses
Other key legislation that were enacted into law are: the Ease of Doing Business and Efficient Government Service Delivery Act, the Mental Health Act, Magna Carta of the Poor, Free College Act ... the coconut industry fund, national land use, disaster ...
DOE moves to ensure compliance with ruling on power supply deals bidding
In a decision made public last month, the Supreme Court said applications for PSA approval that were submitted to the Energy Regulatory Commission on or after June 30, 2015, should comply with the ...
BI on lookout for KAPA execs
MANILA, Philippines -- Officials and incorporators of the Kapa Community Ministry International Inc. (KAPA) have been placed on the immigration lookout bulletin order for their alleged involvement in an investment scam. KAPA founder Joel Apolinario and ...
DFA: Kuwaiti police officer charged with rape of Filipina worker
MANILA, Philippines -- The Kuwaiti police officer who reportedly kidnapped and assaulted a Filipina household worker was charged with rape, the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) said.
US seniors more likely to work longer in big metro areas
In this Tuesday, April 16, 2019, photo Steve Burghardt, a professor of social work at the City University of New York, gestures as he speaks in his office at Hunter College's Silberman School of ...
DOJ issues lookout order for Kapa, ALAMCCO execs
MANILA, Philippines -- The Department of Justice (DOJ) has issued an Immigration Lookout Bulletin Order (ILBO) against eight incorporators and eight officers of KAPA Community Ministry ...
Globe myBusiness, CPPI to provide relevant business solutions to pawnshop owners
Despite the many services offered by various banks in the Philippines, traditional pawnshops are still alive and well in the country. A majority of Filipinos, even in this digital world, still ...
Duque reminds Lacson: Case on OWWA fund mess long been dismissed
MANILA, Philippines - Health Secretary Francisco Duque III has reminded critics that the case against him for the alleged misuse of Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) funds has long ...
COA recommends charges vs BI personnel for not collecting fines from airlines
MANILA, Philippines - The Commission on Audit (COA) has suggested that officials and personnel of the Bureau of Immigration (BI) be charged for neglect of duty, after allegedly allowing airlines ...
Why Nintendo, Google and others may want to move some manufacturing out of China
Companies, particularly technology giants like Google ... said New York University Stern Business School professor Joseph Foudy. "If we knew China was facing a 15% to 20% tariff, some companies might just chalk that up to a business expense and stay ...
DOLE unit, Facebook partnership to boost OFW digital literacy, entrepreneurial skills
"Once they developed the confidence to build the business, they can now look for bigger growth," she pointed out. On its first year, the program trained over 140,000 OFWs on digital skills for ...
SEC raises alarm over growing investment scams perpetuated by religious groups
MANILA, Philippines -- The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has raised the alarm bells over the apparent growing number of investment scams perpetuated by religious leaders. SEC chairperson Emilio Aquino noted the increasing number of ...
UHC law means more nurses need to stay in PHL
He added however that decision to slow down deployment of nurses "will (depend on) a governing board resolution of POEA (Philippine Overseas Employment Administration)." Mr. Bello has said the government must explore ways to make nurses stay since the ...
893 joins Kalayaan job fair in NegOcc; 37 hired on the spot
THE Department of Labor and Employment (Dole) in Negros Occidental has registered a total of 893 applicants during its Kalayaan Job and Livelihood Fair held at the Event Center of 888 Premier Mall in Bacolod City on Wednesday. Of which, 37 were hired on ...
Bolster K-12 program to address jobs-skills mismatch in PH - Villanueva
Villanueva, chair of the Senate labor committee, issued this statement after the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) reported that underemployment rate in the country in April 2019 stands at 13 ...
Implementation of PH-Kuwait labor deal questioned after rape of OFW
MANILA, Philippines -- Senator Joel Villanueva on Thursday questioned if the labor deal between the Philippines and Kuwait which seeks to protect overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) in the Gulf ...
DFA raises alert level in Sudan amid civil unrest
The DFA said that the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) will only allow the return of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) if they have existing employment contracts and in consideration of ...
ECC partners with DTI, NCMB to promote EC program
It was created by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 626, as amended and as embodied in Title II of Book IV of the Labor Code of the Philippines. The ECC is mandated to provide meaningful and appropriate compensation to workers and their dependents in the ...
Robredo camp sees confirmation of win, urges PET to decide on Marcos protest
MANILA, Philippines - The camp of Vice President Leni Robredo on Thursday prodded the Supreme Court sitting as Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET) to resolve the election protest filed by ...
Police powers given to BIR, BOC staff
To effectively implement the fuel marking system rolled out last March, personnel of the Bureau of Customs (BOC) and the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) will be granted police powers to inspect ...
Robredo leads Independence Day rites at Rizal Park in Manila
Outgoing Mayor Guia Gomez and guest of honor Undersecretary Marivel Sacendoncillo of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) laid a wreath at the Pinaglabanan Shrine in San Juan City. The shrine sits on the site of the first battle of ...
China, US welcome to help PH
MANILA, Philippines -- Supreme Court Chief Justice Lucas Bersamin, who led the flag-raising ceremony Wednesday at the Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan City, gave his own definition of independence ...
Labor chief Bello cites contribution of job fairs in bringing down unemployment
The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) on Wednesday attributed the latest improvement in the local job market to the increasing number of government-led job fairs. Labor Secretary Silvestre H.
Business style clarified
One of the amendments introduced in the Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN) Law is related to the issuance of receipts or sales/commercial invoices under Section 237 of the National Internal Revenue Code (NIRC). Previously, all persons ...
DOLE plans to limit deployment of nurses overseas amid shortage
Labor Secretary Silvestre H. Bello III said he may soon instruct the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) to slow down the processing of nurses bound for jobs abroad. The labor ...
Engage 18th Congress better to pass priority bills-DOF chief to staff
Beltran also cited the Warehouse Receipts Bill as another priority measure to help expand the access of farmers to credit and improve the ease of doing business in the rural sector. Assistant ...
DOF to work with Congress to speed up tax reform bills
MANILA, Philippines -- The Department of Finance (DOF) is studying ways to effectively engage lawmakers in the 18th Congress to help speed up the approval of the remaining tax reform proposals of the Duterte administration. During a recent DOF executive ...
Effective methods in resolving conflict
Political and business groups also often use this method. Mediation--When negotiations fail and an impasse occur, parties often call in an independent mediator to try to facilitate settlement of ...
All work permits of foreign nationals to go through DOLE
"The joint guidelines--which was signed last May 1--only covers permits issued by DOLE and Bureau of Immigration, including payment of taxes. The new memorandum circular will be a bigger ...
DoF eyeing smooth tax reform, import lib for more commodities
The remaining tax reform packages include Package 2, the Tax Reform for Attracting Better and High-Quality Opportunities, otherwise known as the TRABAHO bill, which aims to reduce the corporate income tax (CIT) rate from 30% to 20%, reduced gradually by 2 ...
Romualdez track record cited
Jericho Nograles bared that the 54-strong Partylist Coalition Foundation Inc. (PCFI ... a Bachelor of Arts degree in Government from the Ivy League school, in Cornell University, and a Certificate of Special Studies in Administration and Management ...
Freedom Day jobseekers reach to 1.5T
11,500 for overseas employment generated from the 22 Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) accredited recruitment agencies; and 1,534 job vacancies for government from the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency, Department of Social Welfare and ...
After provincial bus crackdown, MMDA to revive driver-only car ban along EDSA
Metro Manila (CNN Philippines, June 12) -- The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) wants to fully implement its ban on provincial buses on Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) and ...
Funding universal health care
Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office, and the PhilHealth budget, will not be enough to fund the UHC during the first five years, and will resulted in an accumulated deficit of more than P400 billion. For the Department of Health (DOH), the shortfall needs ...
Infowars, Alex Jones to pay $15,000 settlement over Pepe the Frog copyright infringement
New York Daily News - 2019-06-11
Infowars has agreed to pay a $15,000 settlement to resolve a copyright infringement lawsuit over its use of Pepe the Frog, an amphibious cartoon hijacked by the far-right and often at the center of racist memes online. Conspiracy theorist and Infowars co ...
BO-PK councilors push to void sale of SRP lots
The 45-hectare property was sold to the SM-Ayala consortium and Filinvest Land Inc. in August 2015. In a resolution, Councilor Sisino Andales asked the City Council to declare as void the P1.9 ...
BI arrest overstaying Kuwaiti national in Guimaras
MANILA, Philippines -- Agents from the Bureau of Immigration (BI) have arrested an overstaying Kuwaiti national in Guimaras island, the immigration agency said on Tuesday. BI chief intelligence ...
Too good to be true: Why the government is shutting KAPA down
MANILA, Philippines -- President Rodrigo Duterte last week said he wants KAPA-Community Ministry International, Inc. shut down amid allegations that the non-stock corporation is operating a fraudulent investment scheme. Duterte issued the order during his ...
Top 100 Cebuano Personalities - Hilario G. Davide, Jr.
He currently serves as member of the Philippine National Group of the Permanent Court of Arbitration ... He earned his Bachelor of Laws in 1959 from the University of the Philippines Diliman. He was awarded honorary doctoral degrees in law, public ...
Most of Cabinet members richer in 2018
Also richer last year were National Security Adviser Hermogenes Esperon Jr. (P25.745 million from P25.25 million), Labor Secretary Silvestre Bello III (P16.38 million from P15.75 million), Presidential Legislative Liaison Office chief Adelino Sitoy (P10.04 ...
Over 11K jobs available at simultaneous Independence Day job fairs in CV
CEBU CITY, Philippines--The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) and other government agencies will conduct simultaneous Independence Day job and business fairs in Central Visayas on ...
Makati to Cubao via Edsa in 5 minutes? Travel at 180 kph
MANILA, Philippines -- When President Rodrigo Duterte vowed on Saturday to make travel time from Makati to Cubao in southern Quezon City only 5 minutes, how will he carry out his plan? "Surprise!
Russia open to forge labor deal with Philippines
Arroyo was invited to speak at the SPIEF, one of the leading global platforms for members of the business community to meet and discuss the key economic issues facing Russia, emerging markets, and the world as a whole.
Supply and demand for currency in any country depend on many factors, including inflation rates, prevailing interest rates, economic growth, system of taxation and political stability. For a ...
Group continues fight to retain Filipino, Panitikan in language curriculum
MANILA, Philippines -- In a last ditch effort to convince the Supreme Court to retain Filipino and Panitikan in the language curriculum, members of the Alyansa ng mga Tagapagtanggol ng Wikang ...
Court freezes KAPA bank accounts, properties
Metro Manila (CNN Philippines, June 10) -- The Court of Appeals has issued a freeze order on money and properties linked to the Kapa-Community Ministry International, Inc. as authorities shut ...
Ease of doing business at the BIR
I even met some of the familiar faces from the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) who are tasked to implement the provisions of the Ease of Doing Business Law within the Bureau. Their mission is not easy. Breaking down decades-old practices and mindsets at ...
Angara: PhilHealth needs more managers, fraud investigators than doctors
Those type of professionals because we should transform (it into) a really professional insurance corporation," Angara ... that would increase the excise tax on tobacco products.
CCCI to hold tax management clinics
One particular vulnerable point of business compliance in the Philippines is taxation ... In partnership with the Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants (Picpa), the chamber will provide assistance in the management of taxes through its ...
2019 Independence Day lead celeb set in Lapu-Lapu City
The event will serve as the one-stop shop for services from the following government agencies: Social Security System (SSS), Pag-IBIG, Philhealth, Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR), Philippine Overseas Employment ...