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SU prepares for Parents Weekend 2006
Thursday, September 28, 2006, By News Staff
SU prepares for Parents Weekend 2006September 28, 2006SU News ServicesSUnews@syr.edu
As Syracuse University prepares for Parents Weekend 2006, plans are under way across campus to host more than 4,300 people and introduce them to the scholarship and community engagement opportunities available to SU students. More than 1,625 families are expected to attend Parents Weekend, Sept. 29-Oct. 1, and more than 85 events are scheduled to introduce parents and family members to Scholarship in Action, Orange tradition and other elements of the richness of campus and community life.
"This year especially, we invite our guests to explore the campus and the community, to get a good look at what their students' lives are all about," says Colleen O'Connor Bench G'89, director of the Parents Office. "We invite parents downtown to explore the arts and cultural venues of the Connective Corridor, we look forward to their participation in student showcases and academic explorations and we are excited that they will help us cheer on the Orange football team." The Parents Office, a unit of the Division of Student Affairs, hosts Parents Weekend in collaboration with offices and departments across campus.
Most events are free of charge and open to all students and registered family members; some require free tickets; and some, including the football game, require paid tickets. For a complete calendar of events and details about registration, parking, lodging, transportation and tickets, visit http://students.syr.edu/parents/PW2006.htm.
Of special interest to Jewish families, the Parents Office has moved up several Sunday events' schedules, and Hillel has altered its Saturday programming, to accommodate those families who wish to leave early to celebrate the Yom Kippur holiday, which begins Sunday night, Oct. 1. There are no classes scheduled for Monday, Oct. 2. "Thanks to our close partnership with Hillel, we are able to offer a variety of opportunities for families who wish to observe the holiday here in Syracuse with their students," says Bench. "We would be delighted to have people spend both Parents Weekend and the Yom Kippur holiday with us here on the Hill." Parents Office- and Hillel-hosted events for families include Shabbat services and dinner on Friday, brunch on Sunday, dinner and Kol Nidre Services on Sunday evening, services on Monday, and a breaking of the fast on Monday evening.
Among this year's other highlights:
Bus service to downtown — Families will have access to free shuttle bus service throughout the campus all weekend, with service to downtown Syracuse's Armory Square and the opportunity to explore the Connective Corridor on Saturday.
Parents Place Hospitality Suite — This headquarters of Parents Weekend, located in the Panasci Lounge of the Hildegarde and J. Myer Schine Student Center, will be open throughout, with up-to-the-minute event information and access to University information and representatives.
Take Your Parents To Class — Some of SU's most engaging and well-known professors will lead academic samplers for parents and their students, highlighting the scholarly excellence that is a cornerstone of the University's vision for Scholarship in Action.
Dean's Breakfasts — Each school and college will host students and families.
Greek organization overviews — Hosted by the Office of Student Life, these sessions will provide information on Greek choices and lifestyles at SU.
WellsLink Transitions Ceremony — Held Sept. 29 at 4 p.m. in Hendricks Chapel, this free, open-to-the-public ceremony will celebrate the achievements of some of SU's exemplary student leaders with song, poetry and a keynote address by motivational speaker Les Brown.
Visual and performing arts extravaganzas — Performances throughout the weekend will put students' artistic excellence on display, including entertainment provided by the University's finest student musical ensembles.
Syracuse Stage — "Around the World in 80 Days" has opened to rave reviews, and parents and students will have the chance to see the show at several times during Parents Weekend. Tickets and times are available at http://www.syracusestage.org.
Career Services Network, Study Abroad, Counseling Center and Health Services, Office of Student Life, and Financial Aid — presentations from University staff members will introduce parents to the many opportunities available to their students.
SU vs. Wyoming — With a 1:30 p.m. kickoff, this football frenzy will be preceded by events for fans, students and parents, including a kosher tailgate party at the Winnick Hillel Center.


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Hotel Stays Put Pressure On Washington Lawmakers To Increase Foster Care Funding
By Austin Jenkins March 15, 2019
Melissa Darlington of Service Alternatives poses in the kitchen of a foster youth therapeutic group home near Olympia. CREDIT: AUSTIN JENKINS/N3
https://www.nwpb.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/WEB-WA-foster-youth-AJ-031519.mp3
In the woods near Olympia's Capitol Forest, there's a brown two-story house with unpainted plywood walls in the entryway that tell a story.
"People are going to punch holes in walls, kick holes in walls," explained Melissa Darlington as she began a tour. "It's just the cost of doing business."
Darlington is the southwest Washington administrator for Service Alternatives, a provider of services to high-risk foster youth in Washington. For the last 20 years, her company has owned and operated this house as a therapeutic group home for boys.
A report earlier this years raises the alarm over the rising use of hotels to temporarily house foster youth.
CREDIT: FLICKR PHOTO/RICH UCHYTIL (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)/HTTPS://BIT.LY/2KEV8GW
"Not always the kind of kid that you would want in your own home, but after a few months here they're pretty great," Darlington said.
A decade ago, Service Alternatives operated nine of these group homes in western Washington. But then the Great Recession hit and the state started cutting foster care funding. Darlington said the cost to operate the group homes — especially in King and Snohomish Counties where wages and property values are highe — outstripped the reimbursement rate from the state. Today, only two of the company's group homes are still in operation. Both are in Thurston County.
It's a trend that's played out statewide. Over the past eight years, Washington has lost 170 residential beds for hard-to-place foster youth. But now there's a push in Olympia to nearly double provider reimbursement rates in an effort to reverse the trend.
"If we want to have a safe system, we need to have adequate capacity across all of the different levels of need," said Ross Hunter, the secretary of the Department of Children, Youth and Families (DCYF) which oversees the foster care system.
Hunter is a former Democratic state lawmaker who chaired the House Appropriations committee during the austerity years following the Great Recession. He remembers making cuts to foster care.
"It was one of the things I agreed to," Hunter acknowledged. "There's a bunch of things in hindsight I wished I had not agreed to, but you have to agree to something."
Today, as secretary of DCYF, Hunter is dealing directly with the fallout from those decisions. During a recent 12-month period, Washington foster kids spent more than a thousand nights in hotel rooms because there was nowhere else to place them. Currently, approximately 60 youth are housed in out-of-state facilities as far away as South Carolina. That's down from 80 kids a few months ago. Hunter has said his goal is end the practice of sending kids to other states within the next two years.
"But in order to bring all of them back I need to have a safe, therapeutic place for them to be," Hunter said.
Rebuilding a robust therapeutic foster care system in Washington won't be cheap. A recent study commissioned by the state found that current reimbursement rates only cover 60 percent of the cost. Advocates are now calling on the Legislature to increase funding by $50 million in the next two year budget.
"This is definitely on the radar, it's definitely a priority," said Sen. Christine Rolfes, a Democrat who chairs the Ways and Means committee. But she cautioned that there's a demand for higher reimbursement rates for an array of social services, not just foster care.
"It all takes money and we have to figure out where the priorities are and what rate gets us at least the first step towards where we need to go," said Rolfes who plans to release her two-year state budget proposal at the end of the month.
From Darlington's perspective, a renewed investment in foster care can't come soon enough. And she wonders about the hidden cost of eliminating the 42 therapeutic foster beds her company once operated.
"If you think about that over the last 10 years, that's at least 500 kids that didn't get to have the services, they went out of state, they're in hotels, the system, it's broken in that regard," Darlington said.
Advocacy Group Alleges Oregon's Foster Care System 'Revictimizes Children'
A national advocacy group filed a class-action lawsuit Tuesday against the Oregon Department of Human Services, alleging the agency revictimizes children in its foster care system and has failed to address documented problems for at least a decade. Continue Reading Advocacy Group Alleges Oregon's Foster Care System 'Revictimizes Children'
Lauren Dake	April 17, 2019
New Report Sounds Alarm Over State Of Washington's Foster Care System
Washington's child welfare system is failing to adequately serve foster youth with the most vexing needs, resulting in hotel stays and out-of-state placements, according to a new report by the state's Office of the Family and Children's Ombudsman (OFCO). Continue Reading New Report Sounds Alarm Over State Of Washington's Foster Care System
Austin Jenkins	November 27, 2018
Report Describes 'Abusive Restraint Practices' For Washington Foster Youth Sent Out Of State
The state of Washington sent high-needs foster youth to a residential facility in Iowa where they were isolated, held in a restrictive setting and at times subject to "abusive restraint practices," according to a scathing report released Wednesday by the advocacy group Disability Rights Washington. Continue Reading Report Describes 'Abusive Restraint Practices' For Washington Foster Youth Sent Out Of State
Austin Jenkins	October 18, 2018
Tags: foster care Service Alternatives waleg Washington Department of Social and Health Services Washington Legislature youth

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Books for Sale, Events, Readings
Hidden Treasure in Desert Daylight
Posted on March 18, 2022 by Margaret C. Murray
Valley of the Gods, Cedar Mesa, Bears Ears National Park
Pictographs, Petroglyphs and Potsherds are the clues to hidden treasure in pure daylight at two National Parks in the American Southwest.
Bears Ears and Grand Staircase Escalante National Parks are located in the Four Corners area of the Southwest: Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico. Bears Ears, the largest park in the United States at 1.9 million acres, was designated a National Monument (Park) by President Obama in 2017 after thirty Native American tribes, including the Navajo, Hopi, Ute, Zuni, Paiute, and Apache, advocated for its protection as a sacred site.
Potchards at Chimney Rock, CO, site of Spiral
The pre-puebloan people known as the Anasazi disappeared from this land by the 13th century, leaving behind their petroglyphs, pictographs and potsherds, a mysterious gift to explore.
"This place is a part of the history of all the Native peoples in this region. It's like a book for us, and when many tribes have a chapter in this book, it tells us a lot about why we are the way we are. But it's also part of the history of the peoples of the United States and the world."— Jim Enote, Pueblo of Zuni
Petroglyphs by Anasazi at at Bears Ears National Park
Bears Ears (1.9 million acres, designated by Obama, 2017) and Grand Staircase Escalante (designated by Clinton, 1996) contains 4,000 years of Native American culture.
In Grand Staircase Escalante National Park are buried the richest deposit of dinosaur bones in the world, with fossils 75 million years old. So far twenty-five new species of dinosaurs have been discovered.
Dinosaur's tail embedded in sandstone, Grand Staircase Escalante National Park
There was danger that these precious parks would be destroyed to make National Park land ripe for "development", i.e., private mining, fracking, conglomerate agriculture, and industrial off-road recreation. An extremely rare dig of dinosaur fossils was looted before development could be stopped.
I wrote my novels of the ancient Southwest after traveling to the Four Corners, amazed to realize that here in the American desert was over 100,000 sites of Native American archeology. Click on the YouTube video "Stones of Chaco Canyon" and feel the magic that led me to write Sundagger.net and Spiral.
Click the Paypal button below to order Sundagger.net and Spiral.
Ancient Southwest Novels
Sundagger.net $17.00 USDSpiral $17.00 USDSundagger.net + Spiral $30.00 USD
signed by author to:
AnasaziAuthorChaco CanyonFajada ButteGrand Staircase Escalante National ParkMargaret C. MurraymysteryNative AmericanNew MexicoSouthwestSpiralstorySun DaggerSundagger.netTony Hillermanwriter
Published by Margaret C. Murray
Margaret C Murray is a bold Bay Area author whose works burst from an imagination brimming with magical realism. Her novels take place within poignant and vibrant historical contexts, telling stories that draw parallels between disparate worlds and times. She speaks to the enchantment of human existence. Margaret is the founder and director of Writewords Press.
View all posts by Margaret C. Murray →
The Author in her Author's Booth at the California Expo State Fair
Video interview with the author
Keep writing. Stay healthy.
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7 Quick Takes Friday: Double Trouble!
So, ok. I just have one take this week, followed by 6 takes of me freaking out about the first take.
I had my 7 weeks ultrasound yesterday morning.
I was laying there on the table, and couldn't see the screen, and the tech was quiet for a few minutes, so I started freaking out internally.
You know, one more than one.
Two babies. Two little heartbeats.
Two sacs, and most likely, two placentas.
Apparently that makes this the lowest-risk twin pregnancy, which is wonderful, since I'm high risk to start with.
Two babies, due on Maggie's 3rd birthday.
So, Atticus is sitting next to me, holding my hand. Could have knocked him over with a feather.
Of course we knew there was a slightly higher chance of twins with clomid (7% is the number we were given, as opposed to less than 5% chance with non-clomid pregnancies), but still. 7%. That means you have a 93% chance of not having twins. I just assumed there would only be one, especially since I was on a low dose!
That was basically my reaction. Except, you know, I was laying on a table with an ultrasound wand in my hoo-ha.
Elf is somehow appropriate since all three of our children will be born in December. Probably only a few weeks apart. Most expensive month ever. We couldn't be happier!
My hair is not that long. But pretty much.
So if I turn int the world's worst blogger for a while, now you know why.
I'm growing two humans. Amazing.
That's all. Happy Weekend and go see Jen for more quick takes!
July 1, 2013 Oh, Hello.
Woohoo! I have a older brother and sister who are twins…and somehow I survived 🙂 Maggie has the upper hand being older! (I think!) Also, I think the struggles of adjusting to twins are generally harder when its your first child, so, hopefully the added challenges will be minimized, if that's possible. I think it is so great that you shared this pregnancy announcement early by the way…share the struggle, share the joy! Also, I would love to see the study where that 7% came from…I have known 5 women in this past year to get pregnant on clomid and all 5 of them had twins. I know I have a small data pool, but that's 100%!!
Thought…maybe the 7% includes the months you were on clomid but didn't get pregnant? Or is it just "7% of clomid pregnancies are twins"? I may have to go look this up!
Yay!!! That is so very exciting!
Ahhhhhh I am so, so excited for you! So many prayers.
Lots of people were praying for you back in April. Congratulation. You will have much happiness.
Congrats!! So many congrats! This post is going to leave me smiling all evening. Prayers for a healthy pregnancy and helathy babies!
Wow!! So exciting!! Yay for twins. Will pray for a straightforward pregnancy!!
Every once in a while "Sarah is having TWINS!" pops into my head, and I can't help but smile!!! And then I think, those babies better go easy on their mama so she can still come to our girls' weekend in August – because, you know, it's all about me ;).
Oh my gosh, Sarah! I was laughing out loud reading this, because the exact same thing happened to me this time around at my 6 week ultrasound. My twins are due November 8th. My progesterone #s have been great this time, too, and I think it's thanks to two placentas.
This twin thing is going to be awesomely crazy. Congratulations!
Oh, how the Lord has a sense of humor – what a blessing – prayers for you and the little ones! I am new to reading your blog – love it and the honestly with which you write is just beautiful – thank you!
Gosh I am just so happy for you, Sarah! I've been praying for you so much and will continue to do so.
Now we know you needed twice the prayers because you were going to get twice the blessings!
OH MY GOSH!!! So happy for you!! Praise God!
Holy cow! Congratulations! What wonderful news!
SO happy for you! Congratulations!!!!
Amazing! Extra prayers for you and your TWO little ones!
This is the best. EVER. Congratulations!! Now, we must pray double!


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Press Releases Dept. of Transportation: Two-week closure of I-39/90 northbound ramp to WIS 26/Milton...
Dept. of Transportation: Two-week closure of I-39/90 northbound ramp to WIS 26/Milton Avenue in Janesville
Starting Monday night (July 12), the I-39/90 northbound exit ramp to WIS 26/Milton Avenue (Exit 171 A) in Janesville will be closed until late July. Motorists must use the US 14/Humes Road interchange (Exit 171 B) to access WIS 26.
Also Monday night, both directions of WIS 26/Milton Avenue, between Kettering Street and Morse Street, will be closed from 7 p.m. to 5 a.m. Monday night. Motorists must use alternate local routes, such as Deerfield Drive. No left turns will be permitted from the I-39/90 exit ramps to WIS 26 (Exit 171 A) to travel under the bridge.
After this operation, northbound WIS 26/Milton Avenue will shift onto the new pavement under I-39/90. Drivers should be alert for lane shifts and new traffic patterns. Two lanes are open each way on Milton Avenue within the work zone.
The ramp and highway closures, traffic changes and work operations are weather dependent and subject to change.
Stay informed on the I-39/90 Expansion Project:
Register for project email updates – i39-90.wi.gov
Follow the I-39/90 Project Facebook page – Facebook.com/WisconsinI3990Project
Alerts and updates provided via these sites are not intended for use while driving. When driving, your focus should always be on driving.


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Nepytis russula is een keversoort uit de familie bladsprietkevers (Scarabaeidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1842 door Erichson.

Bladsprietkevers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Reference html tag from template I am wanting to access a div tag from the template and add html underneath that tab for a certain page for my website. So assuming that this was my script

is there anyway I could access

from another script and add html underneath it? I need that part of the template to stay the same except for on this page. So the final script would be something akin to

    </div

A: Use jquery to append HTML to the DOM.
Or
Use Javascript to find the element by id and add to it.
document.getElementByid ect

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


HMRC is hosting a webinar on Brexit customs preparations for a no deal Brexit. The webinars give an overview on what UK businesses need to know to keep imports and exports up to speed, and identify the key steps to continue trading with EU businesses. They cover important actions that businesses trading with the EU must take now, including registering for a UK trader number (an EORI number) and understanding how to complete customs declarations for all future international trade.


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Joachim Sakakibara (également Sakachibara ou Saccachibara ; Jap. ヨアキム榊原) (né en 1556 à Osaka, Japon -  mort exécuté le 5 février 1597, Tateyama, Nagasaki, Japon) était un médecin japonais, catéchiste et tertiaire franciscain martyrisé pour sa foi à Nagasaki. Il fut crucifié à Nagasaki avec 25 autres martyrs dont Paul Miki et Pierre Baptiste Blásquez. Il a été béatifié par le pape Urbain VIII le 14 septembre 1627, canonisé par le pape Pie IX le 8 juin 1862. Il est le 6 février.

Notes et références

Naissance en 1551
Décès en février 1597
Tertiaire franciscain
Chrétien martyr au Japon
Saint catholique japonais
Saint canonisé par Pie IX
6 février
Béatification par le pape Urbain VIII
Vingt-six martyrs du Japon


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Unique records 20
Selkirk, Thomas Douglas, Earl of 2
Hydel, Florence (Hughes) 1
Clark, Robert 1
Lockerby, W. Earle 1
Barrett, Beryl 1
MacDonald, James 1
McEachern (Family), Rice Point (P.E.I.) 1
Lawson, James P. 1
Maple Leaf (Magazine) 1
McDougall (Family), Belfast (P.E.I.) 1
Lockerby (Family) 1
Edinburgh (ship) 1
Malpeque (P.E.I.) 1
Belfast (P.E.I.) 1
Bedeque (P.E.I.) 1
Prince Edward Island - Emigration and immigration 20
Scotland - Emigration and immigration 9
New Zealand - Emigration and immigration 2
Loyalists - Emigration and immigration 2
Diaries (1850-1900) 2
Ireland - Emigration and immigration 1
Loyalists 1
Shipbuilding 1
Selkirk, Thomas Douglas, Earl of, 1771-1820 - Photographs 1
Selkirk settlers 1
Showing 20 results Archival description
Public Archives and Records Office of Prince Edward Island
Rankin, Morrison family fonds
This fonds consists of eight letters written between members of the Rankin and Morrison families of Scotland and PEI. Neil, Coun Douly, and George are the three generations of Rankin family whose correspondence is documented in this fonds. Roder...
Morrison (Family)
McDougall family fonds
The collection consists of forty-six letters written to or by members of Alexander and Elizabeth McDougall's family from 1793 to 1857. Approximately fifteen of these letters were written to Elizabeth from her Campbell family members in Scotl...
McDougall (Family), Belfast (P.E.I.)
Margaret Bagnall fonds : [1937]
The fonds consists of a twelve page memoir written by Margaret Bagnall in 1937. The majority of the memoir consists of information about her family who moved from Prince Edward Island to New Zealand in the 1860s.
Bagnall, Margaret
Catherine St. John collection : [1834-1970]
This fonds consists of the correspondence of brothers David (1769-1852) and Robert Bruce Stewart, (?-1846) originally of Perthshire, Scotland, who worked as surveyors and land agents in London, England, to William Buchanan (1800-?). Correspondenc...
St. John, Catherine
John Small fonds : [1790-1826]
The fonds consists of a journal written by John Small between 1790 and 1826. In this journal he documents his move to Bedeque, Prince Edward Island. The journal records his employment as a shipwright. Also copied in the journal are verses from ...
Small, John
Thomas Halliday fonds : 1815-1818
1815-1818; Photocopied 1976
This fonds consists of three letters relating to Thomas Halliday and his emigration to Prince Edward Island. The first letter, dated 28 October 1815, from Thomas Halliday to the Earl of Selkirk relays the difficulties Halliday encountered upon ar...
Halliday, Thomas
Sir James Montgomery fonds : [1780-1798]
Photocopied 1976
The collection consists of correspondence to James Montgomery from a variety of individuals from London and PEI, including Thomas Desbrisay, Alex McPherson, Peter Stewart, Robert Gray, William and John Rae, and Robert Shuttleworth. These letters ...
MacDonald, James
This fonds consists of original, photocopied, and microfilmed copies of issues of "The Maple Leaf" magazine dating from 1907 to 1947. Originally a monthly magazine, publication changed to a bi-monthly format in 1942. The magazine include...
Maple Leaf (Magazine)
Muster rolls for Loyalists granted land on St. John's Island, 1784
Copied 1972 and 1978
This collection consists of copies of muster rolls and related papers for United Empire Loyalists from Shelburne, Nova Scotia, who were granted land on St. John's Island (Prince Edward Island) in 1784. Included are correspondence between gov...
Nova Scotia Archives
W. Earle Lockerby collection : [1773, 1789, 1997]
1983, 1989, Copied 1997-1999
The collection contains copies of the Lockerby genealogy written by W. Earle Lockerby as well as the history of the community of Hamilton which he edited. It also contains photocopies of a petition and affidavit from the Scottish Record Office per...
Lockerby, W. Earle


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Merton Lawyers' Association Annual Meeting
Date: Monday 11 November 2019
Slaughter and May, One Bunhill Row, London EC1Y 8YY
Dinah Rose QC (Blackstone Chambers) and BBC journalist and author Mishal Husain in conversation.
Dinah Rose QC (Magdalen, 1984) is a specialist in human rights law and related fields, including equal opportunities and discrimination, public law and competition law. Dinah has appeared in a number of the landmark legal decisions of recent times including: the mass collection and retention of personal data by the state, the torture of terrorist suspects at black sites and Guantanamo Bay, the disclosure of letters written by Prince Charles to government ministers, the introduction of substantial fees to be paid by employees bringing claims in employment tribunals, the refusal of the Hong Kong Government to recognise same-sex couples as married for immigration purposes, and the employment status of Uber drivers. In the wake of the Jimmy Savile scandal, she produced a report for the BBC on the incidence of sexual harassment and bullying.
Mishal Husain presents The Today Programme on BBC Radio 4 and the Sunday News at Ten on BBC1. In two decades in journalism her work has taken her from Davos to Rohingya refugee camps and from interviewing prime ministers to Prince Harry and Meghan Markle. Her work on location for BBC World News included the London and Beijing Olympics and broadcasting from Pakistan after the assassination of Benazir Bhutto in 2007 and the killing of Osama bin Laden in 2011. Mishal has made four critically acclaimed BBC documentaries: on the life of Mahatma Gandhi, on social media and the Arab uprisings, on Malala Yousafzai, and on EU immigration to the UK. In 2017 she hosted a BBC1 pre-election live debate. Her work has been recognised with awards including the London Press Club's Broadcaster of the Year and Women in Film and TV's Presenter of the Year. She recently published The Skills: From First Job to Dream Job, What Every Woman Needs to Know.
We would like to extend our sincere thanks to Daniel Schaffer (1986), Matthew Tobin (1991), and William Watson (1980) for kindly hosting this event at Slaughter and May.


PubMed:Curcuma ecalcarata - new natural source of pinocembrin and piperitenone.
PubMed:Comparative analysis of antioxidant activities of fourteen mentha essential oils and their components.
PubMed:Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Mentha Longifolia L. and its main constituent, menthol.
PubMed:A new source of (R)-limonene and rotundifolone from leaves of Lippia pedunculosa (verbenaceae) and their trypanocidal properties.
PubMed:Isolation and characterization of isopiperitenol dehydrogenase from piperitenone-type Perilla.
PubMed:Discrimination of fennel chemotypes applying IR and Raman spectroscopy: discovery of a new γ-asarone chemotype.
PubMed:In vitro inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication by Mentha suaveolens essential oil and its main component piperitenone oxide.
PubMed:Antioxidant Activity and Volatile and Phenolic Profiles of Essential Oil and Different Extracts of Wild Mint (Mentha longifolia) from the Pakistani Flora.
PubMed:Antifungal impact of volatile fractions of Peumus boldus and Lippia turbinata on Aspergillus section Flavi and residual levels of these oils in irradiated peanut.
PubMed:Essential oils of Micromeria dalmatica Benth., a Balkan endemic species of section Pseudomelissa.
PubMed:Volatile constituents, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of Calamintha glandulosa (Req.) Bentham.
PubMed:Comparative study of the chemical composition of essential oils of five Tagetes species collected in Venezuela.
PubMed:Biological activities of Eremostachys laevigata Bunge. grown in Iran.
PubMed:Essential-oil diversity of three Calamintha species from Greece.
PubMed:Volatile secondary metabolites of Micromeria dalmatica Benth. (Lamiaceae): biosynthetical and chemotaxonomical aspects.
PubMed:Mode of action of pulegone on the urinary bladder of F344 rats.
PubMed:Chemical and morphological diversity in wild populations of Mentha longifolia in Israel.
PubMed:Composition of the essential oil of Origanum tyttanthum from Tajikistan.
PubMed:Mentha longifolia in vitro cultures as safe source of flavouring ingredients.
PubMed:HS-SPME-GC×GC-qMS volatile metabolite profiling of Chrysolina herbacea frass and Mentha spp. leaves.
PubMed:Larvicidal activity of Tagetes erecta against Aedes aegypti.
PubMed:Chemical diversity of Ziziphora clinopodioides: composition of the essential oil of Z. clinopodioides from Tajikistan.
PubMed:Antimicrobial activity and volatile constituents of the essential oil of Pulsatilla albana from Iran.
PubMed:Intraspecific variability of the essential oil of Ziziphora clinopodioides ssp. rigida from Iran.
PubMed:Composition and chemical variability of Mentha suaveolens ssp. suaveolens and M. suaveolens ssp. insularis from Corsica.
PubMed:Crude extracts of, and purified compounds from, Pterocarpus angolensis, and the essential oil of Lippia javanica: their in-vitro cytotoxicities and activities against selected bacteria and Entamoeba histolytica.
PubMed:Antinociceptive effects of the essential oil of Mentha x villosa leaf and its major constituent piperitenone oxide in mice.
PubMed:Influence of growth phase on the essential oil composition of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam.
PubMed:Bioactive compounds from Lippia javanica and Hoslundia opposita.
PubMed:Highly Enantio- and s-trans C=C bond selective catalytic hydrogenation of cyclic enones: alternative synthesis of (-)-menthol.
PubMed:Antibacterial activity and composition of the essential oil of Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana (Juz.) Rech. f. from Iran.
PubMed:The chemical composition of essential oil and in vitro antibacterial activities of essential oil and methanol extract of Ziziphora persica Bunge.
PubMed:Transformation of a monoterpene ketone, piperitenone, and related terpenoids using Mucor piriformis.
PubMed:The composition, geographical variation and antimicrobial activity of Lippia javanica (Verbenaceae) leaf essential oils.
PubMed:Composition of the essential oil of Mentha microphylla from the Gennargentu Mountains (Sardinia, Italy).
PubMed:Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of endemic Ziziphora taurica subsp. cleonioides.
PubMed:Antibacterial and antifungal activity of essential oils of Mentha suaveolens.
PubMed:Activity of essential oils of three Micromeria species (Lamiaceae) against micromycetes and bacteria.
PubMed:Menthone and isomenthone biosynthesis in Pelargonium tomentosum Jacq.
PubMed:Cardiovascular effects of the essential oil of Mentha x villosa and its main constituent, piperitenone oxide, in normotensive anaesthetised rats: role of the autonomic nervous system.
PubMed:Phytochemical study of Mentha longifolia of Morocco.
PubMed:Effects of piperitenone oxide on the intestinal smooth muscle of the guinea pig.
PubMed:Metabolism of monoterpenes: oxidation of isopiperitenol to isopiperitenone, and subsequent isomerization to piperitenone by soluble enzyme preparations from peppermint (Mentha piperita) leaves.
PubMed:[Immediate toxicity of carvomenthone, carvone, piperitone and piperitenone].


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YORK CITY LIMITS
A punny thing, on the way to a York story
Tim Stonesifer
YorkDailyRecord
The bird puns started not long after I tweeted that first picture.
It was a sun-warmed Tuesday afternoon in York, the first such this season. And since I had to do a story about an upcoming event at Farquhar Park, I figured why not drive out and see the place firsthand?
Why not write the story from there?
I plopped down at a picnic table. A few ducks waddled over. I put a picture online, calling them my helpers.
And that's where it started to go wrong.
That's because I've been known to associate with a crowd of word nerds, as likely to ignore an invitation to comment on preening anatine co-authors as they are to look past a misplaced apostrophe.
So it started.
"I think you're just ducking work," said one particularly prickly prose pro.
Then: See what I did there?
I told him that I did.
And "I'm quacking up here," I replied.
He seemed to appreciate that, admitting, as far as the initial joke, he "just winged" it.
But "waddle we think of next?" he wondered.
I told him I was at a loss. And, frankly, I worried about my ability to keep up.
"The pressure is really billding," I said.
He appeared unfazed. He offered trivia.
What do you call a duck president?
Mallard Fillmore, of course.
By this time -- the afternoon slipping away -- I had decided to cut my losses. It seemed such shenanigans could go on all day.
Anyway, I had to address more important things.
Like my story -- 12 inches soon webbed.
Take a gander, if you like.
...OK. I admit, that "gander" line was his.
Better to fess up now, lest my online foil come forward and cry fowl.
I suppose at the end of the day, it boils down to this: he's a good egg. Even if I can't give you his name. Or his nom de plume.
Suffice it to say that when it comes to puns, we're birds of a feather.
And we'll flock to the next bad joke together.


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text:
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Study finds many court psychological tests junk science
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text:
Indicatif/Vers L'Est är en singel av det franska synth/elektroniska bandet Moderne.

Låtlista

Referenser

musiksinglar 1980


Welcome to the historic Gilbert District. Businesses comprised of art galleries, fine dining establishments, antiques, exquisite home décor, boutiques, and specialty foods await the savvy visitor who seeks a unique, sophisticated experience. Merchants showcase their upscale offerings in beautifully restored turn-of-the-century buildings providing the visitor a tasteful vision of yesterday and today and a sense of nostalgic well-being.
Today, the Gilbert District hosts more than 21 businesses, each and every one a unique and one-of-a-kind destination . . to shop . . to dine . . to explore. The Gilbert District; fun, sophisticated, different. Enjoy!


text:
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
Brain Imaging and Stimulation
Revisiting the Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Brain Stimulation for Cognition: Evidence, Challenges, and Open Questions View all 12 Articles
Juliana Yordanova
Institute of Neurobiology (BAS), Bulgaria
Barbara Colombo
Champlain College, United States
Alessandro Antonietti
Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Italy
Nira Mashal
Bar-Ilan University, Israel
Creative Idea Generation
Creative Idea Selection
Mini Review ARTICLE
Front. Hum. Neurosci., 16 May 2017 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00246
Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Enhance Creative Cognition: Interactions between Task, Polarity, and Stimulation Site
Adam B. Weinberger1, Adam E. Green1† and Evangelia G. Chrysikou2*†
1Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
2Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
Creative cognition is frequently described as involving two primary processes, idea generation and idea selection. A growing body of research has used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to examine the neural mechanisms implicated in each of these processes. This literature has yielded a diverse set of findings that vary depending on the location and type (anodal, cathodal, or both) of electrical stimulation employed, as well as the task's reliance on idea generation or idea selection. As a result, understanding the interactions between stimulation site, polarity and task demands is required to evaluate the potential of tDCS to enhance creative performance. Here, we review tDCS designs that have elicited reliable and dissociable enhancements for creative cognition. Cathodal stimulation over the left inferior frontotemporal cortex has been associated with improvements on tasks that rely primarily on idea generation, whereas anodal tDCS over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and frontopolar cortex has been shown to augment performance on tasks that impose high demands on creative idea selection. These results highlight the functional selectivity of tDCS for different components of creative thinking and confirm the dissociable contributions of left dorsal and inferior lateral frontotemporal cortex for different creativity tasks. We discuss promising avenues for future research that can advance our understanding of the effectiveness of tDCS as a method to enhance creative cognition.
Creative cognition—cognition manifesting in ideas that are both novel and useful (Barron, 1955; Runco and Jaeger, 2012)—comprises two primary processes: (1) idea generation; and (2) idea selection (Christoff et al., 2001; Smallwood, 2014; Beaty et al., 2016; Chrysikou, in press). Assessments of creativity sometimes examine elements of both of these processes, yet several creativity tasks rely more heavily on one process over the other. Tasks that rely primarily on idea generation involve production of original or unusual responses to presented stimuli. These responses are then assessed on fluency, flexibility and originality (Guilford, 1950). In contrast, tasks that rely primarily on idea selection concern the integration of seemingly remote concepts or pieces of information to discover or identify something novel.
The neuroscientific exploration of creative cognition has focused on brain regions that support creative idea generation and selection using functional neuroimaging and electrophysiological measures. Recent inquiries have also used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to provide causal evidence for the role of specific brain areas in each of these processes. tDCS is the application of a constant, low-level electrical current to the cortex through surface electrodes positioned on the scalp to modulate the excitability of neurons within a region of interest (Nitsche et al., 2008; Stagg and Nitsche, 2011). tDCS studies may use anodal stimulation (generally intended to increase regional cortical excitability), cathodal stimulation (generally intended to decrease regional cortical excitability), or a combination of the two. Most studies also include a "sham" condition in which electrodes are placed on the scalp but without the application of sustained electrical current. If a cortical target plays a role in creative processing, then modulating activity in that region via tDCS should influence the form of creative thought it supports.
The examination of creative cognition through tDCS has yielded a diverse set of findings that vary depending on the task's reliance on idea generation or idea selection, as well as the stimulation location and type (anodal, cathodal, or both). Thus, understanding the relationship between task demands and stimulation montages is required to evaluate the potential of tDCS to enhance creative performance. Here, we survey the effects of tDCS on creative cognition, drawing particular distinctions between the generative and selective processes and the corresponding stimulation designs under which enhancements in creative performance can be achieved.
Recent theoretical proposals on the neurocognitive mechanisms of creative thinking have suggested that creative idea generation may depend on the availability of unfiltered, low-level perceptual information (e.g., Thompson-Schill et al., 2009; Chrysikou et al., 2014; Chrysikou, 2017). That is, the potential for creative generation is highest when a wider array of possible ideas and solutions to a situation are considered. From this perspective, an effective tDCS design would produce a cognitive mindset that is less inhibited, with a weaker reliance on past routines and representations, allowing for the consideration of information that may have been otherwise prematurely rejected. Researchers have investigated enhancements on forms of creative thought that depend on idea generation by reducing cortical excitability of left inferior frontotemporal cortex (a set of regions involved in inhibitory control and semantic knowledge, including the inferior frontal gyrus [IFG], anterior temporal lobe [ATL] and middle temporal gyrus [MTG]) through cathodal tDCS (Chi and Snyder, 2011, 2012; Chrysikou et al., 2013; Mayseless and Shamay-Tsoory, 2015).
Chi and Snyder (2011) used bilateral tDCS to target the ATL—a region associated with the storage of mental templates and contexts. They hypothesized that reducing cortical excitability of the left ATL may bring about less reliance on past strategies. Subjects completed challenging insight problems ("matchstick arithmetic", in which participants are tasked with correcting false statements composed of Roman numerals and symbols formed from matchsticks by moving a stick from one position to another; Ollinger et al., 2008) after solving structurally analogous but conceptually different ones during a pre-testing phase. Such prior exposure has been shown to impair performance on subsequent flexible thinking tasks, likely due to functional fixedness on a routine that was formerly effective but not applicable for the problem participants are currently attempting to solve (e.g., Ollinger et al., 2008). Cathodal stimulation of the left ATL (half way between T7 and FT7 according to the 10/20 electroencephalography (EEG) electrode placement system; Figure 1), with anodal stimulation of the homologous area on the right hemisphere, improved subjects' performance on the test problems. A follow up study (Chi and Snyder, 2012) produced similar results on the challenging 9-Dot Problem, which requires "thinking outside the box" to connect dots with lines that extend outside the ostensible boundaries of a square array (Maier, 1930); cathodal tDCS over the left ATL with anodal tDCS over the right ATL dramatically improved solution rates for this problem, whereas the opposite stimulation montage did not (Chi and Snyder, 2012). The authors suggested that reducing the excitability of the left ATL might have allowed participants to consider novel approaches as opposed to familiar strategies to solve this problem (see also Goel et al., 2015).
Figure 1. Approximate transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) montage arrangements on International 10–20 system for electroencephalography (EEG) recording associated with increased creative cognition. (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:21_electrodes_of_International_10-20_system_for_EEG.svg); public domain. The figure is a simplification and does not account for differences in montage size/type or duration of stimulation. Plus-symbol = anodal; Horizontal bar = cathodal; Orange = primarily generative tasks; Green = tasks with additional selectivity demands. A = Chi and Snyder (2011, 2012); B = Chrysikou et al. (2013); C = Mayseless and Shamay-Tsoory (2015); D = Cerruti and Schlaug (2009); E = Zmigrod et al. (2015) and Colombo et al. (2015); F = Green et al. (2017).
Idea generation has also been successfully augmented through cathodal stimulation of left lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC; Chrysikou et al., 2013). Subjects performed a kind of alternative use task in which they were asked to generate either common (non-creative) or uncommon (creative) uses for a set of everyday objects. Subjects in the uncommon use condition who received cathodal tDCS over left PFC (area F7 on the 10–20 system) generated uses significantly faster and omitted significantly fewer responses than those undergoing cathodal stimulation over the right PFC or sham stimulation. Effects on latencies and omissions were not observed for common uses. These results suggest that a hypofrontal state in which an individual applies less top-down filtering may improve performance on creative generative tasks that rely on unfiltered, bottom-up processing (i.e., generating uncommon uses), but not for tasks that require access to well-rehearsed knowledge (i.e., generating common uses). In line with these findings, Mayseless and Shamay-Tsoory (2015) found that cathodal stimulation of the left IFG with concurrent anodal stimulation of the right IFG significantly improved fluency and flexibility (but not originality) measures on the Alternative Uses Task (AUT) relative to sham stimulation. The reverse montage did not elicit the same effect. A follow up experiment further failed to show significant effects of unilateral cathodal tDCS over left IFG or unilateral anodal tDCS over the right IFG. Thus, in that study, only concurrent cathodal tDCS over the left IFG with anodal tDCS over the right IFG was effective in modulating ideational fluency and flexibility.
Overall, the results of these studies show that reducing the excitability of regions of cortex involved in inhibitory control and the retention of previous experiences and contexts may improve one's ability to come up with creative ideas or problem solutions. Whether these positive effects on creative cognition also require concurrent excitation of homologous regions in the right hemisphere is likely determined by the nature of the creative task. Although the tasks reported in the current literature primarily involve the generation of creative ideas, they vary with regards to the type of problem solving (i.e., visual, verbal) required or their reliance on the retrieval of semantic information. For example, establishing and breaking a mental set in problems involving visual reasoning was a primary component of the studies by Chi and Snyder (2011, 2012), but was not an element of the experiments by Chrysikou et al. (2013) or Mayseless and Shamay-Tsoory (2015), whose tasks largely relied on verbal semantic memory retrieval. Similarly, the creativity measures (reaction times and omissions) employed by Chrysikou et al. (2013), who inhibited inferior PFC unilaterally, differed from those (fluency, flexibility) used by Mayseless and Shamay-Tsoory (2015), who inhibited left inferior PFC while concurrently exciting right inferior PFC. Lastly, tasks that rely on distancing oneself from current context or an established task mindset may benefit by stimulating temporal cortex (e.g., Chi and Snyder, 2011, 2012), whereas tasks that rely on flexibility in cognitive control (e.g., for memory retrieval) may benefit from stimulating inferior frontal cortex (e.g., Chrysikou et al., 2013; Mayseless and Shamay-Tsoory, 2015). Thus, the effectiveness of particular tDCS montages (e.g., unilateral vs. bilateral; stimulation of temporal vs. inferior frontal cortex) in modulating creative cognition appears to depend on the precise nature of the creativity task used. Despite this variability in the reported effects, overall, these studies support the conclusion that cathodal tDCS over the left inferior frontotemporal cortex can effectively boost performance on creativity tasks that contain a generative component, but have limited—at least not explicit—selection demands.
Contrary to creative idea generation, creative idea selection requires task-directed thoughts and integration of semantically distant concepts. When approaching a creative problem, one must be able to effectively direct their thoughts towards a specific goal and evaluate the suitability of potential solutions before choosing the optimal one depending on context and task demands. One appealing neural target for creative thinking that relies on such selective processes is dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), which has been widely linked to executive function, including promotion of task-relevant thoughts and suppression of inappropriate ones (Bunge et al., 2001; Metzuyanim-Gorlick and Mashal, 2016). The first study to examine the effects of tDCS on creative cognition applied anodal, cathodal and sham stimulation to the left and right DLPFC (F3/F4 on the 10–20 system Figure 1; Cerruti and Schlaug, 2009). The authors assessed creativity via the Remote Associates Test (RAT; Mednick, 1962) in which subjects are presented with three "problem words" and are tasked with identifying the "target word" that links them together (e.g., "Fish, Mine, Rush" → "Gold"). The RAT contains a generative component (subjects must produce a remotely associated word given the three problem words), but its focus on appropriateness places an additional high demand on selectivity (a number of possible solutions connect two of the three problem words, but only one strings together all three; Bowden and Jung-Beeman, 2003; Gonen-Yaacovi et al., 2013). Results indicated that anodal stimulation of left, but not right, DLPFC selectively improved RAT scores without affecting solution latencies. Although additional research is required to better understand the lateralized effects, the results are consistent with the well-established role of DLPFC in guiding task-appropriate thoughts—a cognitive process that is relevant for idea selection. Increasing regional excitability of left DLPFC produced gains on a task that required not only generation, but also selection of creative ideas. The non-significant outcome of cathodal tDCS to the same area further supports this conclusion; boosts following a reduction of excitability of left DLPFC would have been antithetical to theories that implicate this region in creative idea selection. Critically, enhancements did not extend to a separate verbal fluency task, a measure of creativity that is primarily generative. Increased DLPFC activity may not be enough to induce changes in performance on tasks that rely more heavily on idea generation, suggesting that other regions (e.g., inferior PFC) have a more critical role in highly generative forms of creative thought.
The Thinking Cap Effect
Research has revealed that humans are able to deliberately think more creatively when prompted by explicit instructions to do so (Harrington, 1975; Chen et al., 2005; O'Hara and Sternberg, 2011; Green et al., 2012a; Nusbaum et al., 2014; Weinberger et al., 2016). These findings suggest that—beyond being a stable trait that differs among individuals—creativity is also a state that can vary acutely over time. Functional neuroimaging has shown that enhancement of this creative state is associated with increased activation and altered functional connectivity of left frontopolar cortex during creative verbal relational thinking (Green et al., 2010, 2012b, 2015; Prabhakaran et al., 2013). Furthermore, the formation of more creative analogies has been associated with greater activation of the same region (Green et al., 2012a; Prabhakaran et al., 2013). For tasks of creative relational thinking, creativity of responses is typically assessed by "semantic distance"—a measurement of similarity/difference between the English-language context usages of terms that form analogies (more creative analogies cover a greater semantic distance; Green, 2016). Frontopolar cortex is also a good candidate to support creative idea selection because of its well-established role in more broad cognitive processes; following the rostro-caudal hierarchy of prefrontal cognitive architecture, frontopolar cortex is likely engaged in combining abstract pieces of information (Badre and D'Esposito, 2009). Additionally, neurons in frontopolar cortex are highly arborized, suggesting a key role in integrating abstract representations (Ramnani and Owen, 2004; Knowlton et al., 2012). As such, potentiating this area with anodal tDCS should produce gains on one's ability to combine and evaluate semantically distant information during analogical reasoning, thus improving performance on creativity tasks that require idea selection. To explore this prediction, Green et al. (2017) recently used anodal tDCS to target the region of peak activation of left frontopolar cortex observed in the foregoing neuroimaging studies (AF3 on the 10–20 system). Following stimulation, participants completed: (1) a task in which they were presented with word pairs (i.e., Helmet: Head) and were explicitly cued to think creatively as they selected additional word pairs from a large matrix to form valid and creative analogies (Atmosphere: Earth); and (2) a verb generation task in which they saw noun prompts onscreen and generated verbs that were related to the nouns (i.e., see: "arrow" → say: "shoot"), with a cue to think creatively given on half of the trials (Green et al., 2017). Anodal stimulation of left frontopolar cortex relative to sham lead to significantly improved creative performance on the matrix search task (as measured by semantic distance between word pairs), and a tDCS × Creativity Cue interaction yielded maximal creative performance on the verb generation task. These results are consistent with past literature on other aspects of cognition for which the combined effects of stimulation and behavioral interventions (i.e., cuing, priming) that engage the same structure targeted by tDCS have yielded larger effect sizes compared to tDCS alone (e.g., Jacobson et al., 2012).
In the absence of a creativity cue, the analogy matrix and the verb generation tasks depend on both creative processes, although the former task likely places a greater demand on selection (participants, quite literally, select appropriate creative word pairs), whereas the latter task more strongly taxes the generative resources. However, instructing participants to think creatively introduces additional selectivity demands—particularly for the verb generation task. When participants were asked to think creatively, they needed to inhibit more common, prepotent responses and select more semantically distant options. With this greater focus on idea selection, potentiating left frontopolar cortex produced greater enhancements compared to the uncued—and less selective—conditions. Our study showed that, without a cue to think creatively, anodal tDCS to left frontopolar cortex was not associated with enhanced performance on the otherwise non-selective verb generation task (see also Brunye et al., 2015). Thus, only after emphasizing selectivity explicitly did potentiating left frontopolar cortex boost performance, suggesting support for the region's contributions to creative idea selection.
Similarly, anodal stimulation to left DLPFC, paired with cathodal stimulation to right DLPFC, can improve remote association performance compared to the reverse stimulation montage or no stimulation; yet the same montage did enhance performance on the AUT, a largely generative measure as discussed above (Zmigrod et al., 2015). However, pairing the same stimulation design with explicit instructions to visualize using an object in an unusual, relative to its typical, way significantly elevated AUT total creativity scores (Colombo et al., 2015). In line with the findings of Green et al. (2017), these results demonstrate that when participants deliberately search for more creative or unusual responses the need for selectivity is amplified. Critically, anodal tDCS over regions implicated in directing one's thoughts towards a specific goal led to enhanced creativity after increased selection demands.
Taken together, this emerging literature suggests that anodal tDCS over cortical areas involved in promoting relevant thoughts and integrating discrete pieces of information (DLPFC and frontopolar cortex, respectively) can augment creative idea selection. These results support the effectiveness of this particular study design in which stimulation type (anodal) and location (left DLPFC, left frontopolar cortex) interact with task context (increased demands on selectivity) to produce significant behavioral gains for creativity performance.
Creative cognition likely relies on two primary operations, idea generation and idea selection. Although most measures of creative thought involve—to an extent—both of these processes, the growing literature on tDCS interventions to promote creative thinking suggests that creative idea generation and idea selection involve inherently different mechanisms with distinct neural bases. This review article outlined tDCS designs that have elicited dissociable creative enhancements on each of these processes. Cathodal stimulation over the left inferior frontotemporal cortex, a region implicated in inhibitory control and the maintenance of mental templates, has been associated with improvements on tasks that rely primarily on idea generation, without significantly changing performance on tasks that rely primarily on idea selection. In contrast, anodal tDCS over left DLPFC and frontopolar cortex—brain regions that likely contribute to goal-directed thought and informational integration—can augment performance on tasks that impose high demands on creative idea selection, without significant consequences for tasks that rely primarily on creative idea generation.
tDCS effects on creative cognition as a function of the interactions between task, polarity and stimulation site highlight a critical aspect of the in vivo neurobiological mechanisms of tDCS: the effects of tDCS may be functionally specific, because the stimulation may affect mechanisms that are already undergoing neural plasticity (Reato et al., 2010; Rahman et al., 2015). As the contributions of left dorsal and inferior lateral frontotemporal cortex vary by the nature of the creative task (i.e., generative vs. selective), so does the effectiveness of excitatory or inhibitory stimulation over these regions. Based on the current literature, the particular montages detailed above are anticipated to elicit positive effects on creative performance depending on the generation or selection emphasis of the creative task. Nevertheless, several questions still remain. What are the neurochemical mechanisms underlying tDCS effects for creative thinking? How do individual differences due to expertise or individual genetic variability influence the effectiveness of electrical stimulation? Under which circumstances does bilateral stimulation benefit performance in creativity tasks? Extensive examination of these and other questions in future research will advance our understanding of the effectiveness of tDCS as an intervention that can reliably augment creative cognition.
ABW, AEG and EGC co-designed the project; wrote the manuscript. AEG and EGC provided conceptual guidance on the manuscript.
EGC is supported by an Advancing the Science of Imagination grant #50696 from the Imagination Institute. ABW and AEG are supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (DRL-1420481) and The John Templeton Foundation (ID 51971).
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Green, A. E., Spiegel, K. A., Giangrande, E. J., Weinberger, A. B., Gallagher, N. M., and Turkeltaub, P. E. (2017). Thinking cap plus thinking zap: tDCS of frontopolar cortex improves creative analogical reasoning and facilitates conscious augmentation of state creativity in verb generation. Cereb. Cortex 27, 2628–2639. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhw080
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Knowlton, B. J., Morrison, R. G., Hummel, J. E., and Holyoak, K. J. (2012). A neurocomputational system for relational reasoning. Trends Cogn. Sci. 16, 373–381. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.06.002
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Mayseless, N., and Shamay-Tsoory, S. G. (2015). Enhancing verbal creativity: modulating creativity by altering the balance between right and left inferior frontal gyrus with tDCS. Neuroscience 291, 167–176. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.061
Mednick, S. A. (1962). The associative basis of the creative process. Psychol. Rev. 69, 220–232. doi: 10.1037/h0048850
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Nitsche, M., Cohen, L., Wassermann, E., Priori, A., Lang, N., Antal, A., et al. (2008). Transcranial direct current stimulation: state of the art. Brain Stimul. 1, 206–223. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.004
Nusbaum, E. C., Silvia, P. J., and Beaty, R. E. (2014). Ready, set, create: what instructing people to "be creative" reveals about the meaning and mechanisms of divergent thinking. Psychol. Aesthet. Creat. Arts 8, 423–432. doi: 10.1037/a0036549
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Zmigrod, S., Colzato, L. S., and Hommel, B. (2015). Stimulating creativity: modulation of convergent and divergent thinking by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Creat. Res. J. 27, 353–360. doi: 10.1080/10400419.2015.1087280
Keywords: creative cognition, transcranial direct current stimulation, idea generation, idea selection, frontotemporal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Citation: Weinberger AB, Green AE and Chrysikou EG (2017) Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Enhance Creative Cognition: Interactions between Task, Polarity, and Stimulation Site. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 11:246. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00246
Received: 03 February 2017; Accepted: 25 April 2017;
Published: 16 May 2017.
Juliana Yordanova, Institute of Neurobiology (BAS), Bulgaria
Barbara Colombo, Champlain College, USA
Alessandro Antonietti, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy
Nira Mashal, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
Copyright © 2017 Weinberger, Green and Chrysikou. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Evangelia G. Chrysikou, lilachrysikou@ku.edu
† AEG and EGC share senior authorship to this article.


Dr Liam R Goodes is Visiting Research Fellow within Engineering and Physical Sciences at the University of Southampton.
I carried out my undergraduate Masters study over four years at the University of Southampton and Université de Bordeaux 1, France. My PhD work took place in the National Centre for Advanced Tribology at the University of Southampton, focusing on evaluation methods for antifouling paints as part of an international project with partners in France and the Netherlands. This work consisted of the development of novel analytical methods and modelling work as a step towards predicting coating lifetimes. My work has expanded into the study of composite materials and coatings, and how these can be used to absorb shock and energy. In addition, I am interested in the effect of internal thin layers on damage propagation in these materials. I also worked on a large-scale European project exploring erosion of the blades of wind turbines resulting from rain and particle erosion, and developed new testing methods to assess manufacturing defects in these structures. Latterly, I collaborated with ISVR researchers looking at cleaning leaves on the railway using a gentle water-based ultrasonic cleaning technique as described at https://www.southampton.ac.uk/engineering/starstream. We also explored the use of StarStream for cleaning of surfaces, and how it could contribute to the fight against anti-microbial resistance. Since 2016, I am visiting the University from Scantron (www.scantronltd.co.uk), a systems manufacturer for measurement devices, based in Somerset, UK. My ongoing research interests lie in ultrasonic cleaning, fouling and blade erosion, contributing to research grants or collaborating in these areas with members of the university.
I am involved in the upkeep and user training for our Alicona 3D optical profilometer. This instrument allows for contactless surface metrology characterisation. In addition, I have carried out consultancy work for various companies on behalf of nCATS.


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Berthold Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (born 3 July 1934) is a German retired Bundeswehr general. Early in his career, he commanded Germany's largest military base. At the time of his retirement in 1994 he was Germany's longest serving soldier, having served in the Heer (Army) for thirty-eight years. He is the son of World War II colonel and resistance leader Claus von Stauffenberg.

Biography
Stauffenberg is the oldest of five children of Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg and a nephew of Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, two German noblemen who were active in the 20 July plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler. After the failed assassination and the subsequent executions, Stauffenberg's pregnant mother Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg was interned in a concentration camp and separated from her four children, who were taken to a foster home in Bad Sachsa. Until the end of the war they were forced to use a different family name, as Schenk von Stauffenberg was not accepted as their name. Berthold Maria Schenk von Stauffenberg was the oldest of the children and had just turned ten at the time of the failed assassination plot.

Stauffenberg was educated at Schule Schloss Salem before studying engineering and becoming an officer in West Germany's new army as soon as it was established in 1956. From 1972 to 1974, he commanded Armoured Reconnaissance Training Battalion 11 at Munster, Lower Saxony, Germany's largest military base. His career culminated in promotion to Supreme Commander of Territorial Command South, and he retired in 1994 with the rank of Generalmajor. He was Germany's longest serving soldier, after 38 years in the Bundeswehr.

In Thurn on 22 September 1958, he married Mechthild Kunigunde Gräfin Bentzel von Sternau und Hohenau von Sturmfelder-Horneck (born 27 January 1938 in Bamberg), and they established a home in her family's hometown of Oppenweiler in Southern Germany. They have three sons:
 Claus Philipp Schenk, Graf von Stauffenberg (born 1 June 1959), married to Iranian Maryam Zahedi (born 31 January 1962), they have one daughter and one son:
 Valerie Roxana Monika Mechthild Maria Schenk, Gräfin von Stauffenberg (b. Erlangen, 17 February 1992)
Kilian Schenk, Graf von Stauffenberg (b. Erlangen, 26 August 1994)
 Sebastian Heimrich Schenk, Graf von Stauffenberg (b. 2 December 1961), unmarried and without issue
 Gottfried Schenk, Graf von Stauffenberg (b. 8 October 1964), unmarried and without issue

In July 2004, for his 70th birthday and for the 60th anniversary of the 20 July plot in which his father took part, Stauffenberg was interviewed by several newspapers and was also invited to a ceremony at the former Wolfsschanze. In 2006, he participated with Richard von Weizsäcker and others in the opening ceremony of the Stauffenberg Memorial in Stuttgart.

In 2007, Stauffenberg voiced concerns about the film Valkyrie, because the actor portraying his father, Tom Cruise, was a member of the Church of Scientology. He feared that the film could become "horrible kitsch".

Notes

References

External links

1934 births
Living people
Counts of Germany
Berthold Maria
Bundeswehr generals
Major generals of the German Army
Alumni of Schule Schloss Salem
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of the Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg
People from Bamberg
Military personnel from Bavaria


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Boating historyNovember 2021
GEORGE DIBBERN AND TE RAPUNGA – PART 1 / Exotic sails
by Boating New Zealand
November 28, 2021December 3, 2021
"I WILL NOT HAVE THAT MAN IN MY HOUSE", said my mother, with quite out-of-character emphasis. She was talking about George Dibbern, the exotic foreigner in New Zealand's yachting scene from the 1930s. My father had wanted to bring him home from the Masonic Hotel in Devonport for dinner. Was her outburst justified or was it is a total disconnect of cultures and mores?
With his ketch Te Rapunga, eccentric German-born George Dibbern had fitted right into New Zealand's exciting Depression-era shoestring Pacific cruising adventures spearheaded by Johnny Wray with Ngataki and Dick Wellington with Seaward, but with his own raffish twist.
George was born in Kiel in northern Germany in 1889, in comfortable circumstances, the only son of a sea captain. In 1907 he was accepted as an apprentice aboard the threemasted barque Pamelia, owned by the Flying P Line of Hamburg which ran many famous windjammers, including the near sister-ships Pamir, Passat, Pommern and Preussen. Pamelia was in the trade of bringing nitrate for fertiliser (and explosives) back from Chile around the Horn. After two trips around the Horn and back, George signed on the barque Antuco bound for Taltal, Chile, via Sydney, for nitrates. He jumped ship in Sydney.
George Dibbern.
Over the next five years George had a wide variety of jobs and business ventures, trips to Tasmania and New Zealand where he set up in business in Dannevirke as a mechanic and taxi proprietor, running a V8 Cadillac. He made deep friends in the local Maori community. In particular he was overwhelmed with love and respect for Rangirangi Paewai (Mrs Peeti); she took him under her wing and instilled in him a growing understanding of te reo and Maoritanga. She became "Mother Rangi" to him.
In early 1914, while waiting for parts for his Cadillac to arrive, he bought a return ticket by steamer to Avarua, Rarotonga, where, with his growing knowledge of te reo, he became totally enraptured and absorbed himself into island life. When World War broke out in August 1914 he was planning to return to Avarua permanently, but his German citizenship forced him to stay in New Zealand throughout hostilities. George continued with his taxi business in Dannevirke and successfully diversified into beekeeping.
Te Rapunga on an Akarana YC picnic race to Waiheke.
In September 1917, however, he was forced to register as an enemy alien as anti-German feeling was triggered by the horrific casualties among our soldiers at Passchendaele, and the loss of the Huddart Parker trans-Tasman steamer Wimmera which struck a mine laid by the raider Wolf north of Cape Maria van Diemen. In June 1918, despite his popularity with many of the locals, especially his Maori friends, he was interned at Somes Island (Matiu) in the middle of Wellington Harbour. A year later he was summarily deported back to Germany, a country in despair.
For George Dibbern the next 10 years were in hideous contrast to his years of freedom in the South Pacific. While he married and had four children, three daughters surviving, he and his family suffered from the economic and political chaos in Germany. Family money ran out in the hyper-inflation. Then, in mid-1926, the Kiel boatbuilding firm Tetsche Möller in which he had invested with Gunther Niemeyer, a boyhood friend, failed. He was left with nothing but an incomplete 32ft Colin Archer-inspired double-ended yacht hull which Niemeyer had designed in 1923 but which lay unsold. George named her Te Rapunga, after one of the stages in the Maori cosmos, and fitted her out to hire for cruises in the Baltic, the canals of Germany and France and the Mediterranean. It did not end well. Te Rapunga froze up in the canal at Strasbourg.
Getting Te Rapunga ready to leave Kiel, August 1930.
By December 1929 George, a liberal with a strong sense of the freedom of the Antipodes, felt alien in Germany, especially after the success of Adolf Hitler's book Mein Kampf and the rising Nazi party. He also felt a failure as a husband and a father. He yearned to return 'home' to New Zealand and Mother Rangi who had offered land to him and his family. After reading Alain Gerbault's In Search of the Sun, telling of Gerbault's circumnavigation in his cutter Firecrest, he became totally unsettled. His wife Elisabeth supported him in trying to find himself and helped him carry out his long planned voyage in Te Rapunga.
His crew were his nephew, Gunter Schramm, and two people with money, newspaperman Baron Albrecht von Fritsch and his divorced sister Baroness Dorothee von Fritsch ('Doe'), the latter equipped with a large crocodile-skin purse, the Krokodil. Krokodil was to have a lot of use, producing much needed cash to buy essential gear and useful tools. George set about refitting his yacht at Kiel for as little money as he could and training the von Fritschs to be useful crewmembers. On Saturday, August 17, 1930, Te Rapunga set sail from Kiel on a four-year voyage to Auckland.
George Dibbern and Gunter Schramm (left).
At first they got their sea legs by cruising in the islands of Friesland and the south coast of England, the crew learning all the time and improving the gear; now the Baron left for Paris. There was a spell in the Scillies, Porto, Lisbon, Cadiz, then Mallorca where George tired of the baroness and asked her to leave. Without her cash, he and Gunter were stuck, but soon found paying Austrians to be sailed about the Mediterranean. All this time George was coming to terms with leaving his wife and family and "searching for life's meaning"… and having an entertaining time doing it.
Doe, mit Krokodil, and Schnuffi, a dwarf poodle she had bought for Gunter, rejoined them for the trip across the Atlantic from Gibraltar via Las Palmas. The crossing was in benign weather and took just 28 days from the Canaries to Kingston, Jamaica, then on to the Panama Canal. At Balboa, on the Pacific side of the canal, they left Doe behind on a wharf, to her surprise, and sailed up the coast. Ostensibly they wanted to visit the 1932 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, although neither George nor Gunter had any interest in the games. Delayed by calms, George decided to bypass to San Francisco.
The reconstructed lines of Te Rapunga (from Dark Sun).
The trip was marred by intense heat and a shortage of food. They took 101 days to reach San Francisco. A short time later Doe caught up with George in Sausalito where Gunter was overhauling Te Rapunga and she was being fitted with new spars and a Bermudan ketch rig with a new suit of sails, courtesy of the many local Dibbern fans for whom he was providing highly entertaining lectures for fees. Doe bought a car in which they toured to the Grand Canyon and hung out in Los Angeles.
However the Doe-funded idyll in California came to an end when George and Gunter set out with new friend Walter Olsohn in Te Rapunga in August 1933 for Honolulu under the German Weimar Republic's black, red and gold ensign, not the nowofficial Nazi swastika. The crossing was a pleasant sail; George and Gunter were delighted to be back at sea but they arrived with just five dollars. There was no need to worry because they were immediately swept away in a tsunami of hospitality. George became much in demand as an engaging and fluent speaker.
On the grid at Devonport Yacht Club.
George and Gunter set sail for New Zealand in November 1933. They made Apia in December, where George was lionised but keenly aware of the tensions in Samoa with its German colonial past and the recent poor administration by New Zealand. Days later, the arrival of the newish German cruiser Karlsruhe, with its strutting Nazi salutes and the blaring Horst Wessel Lied, convinced him that he could never return to Germany.
The voyage to Auckland ended as Te Rapunga raised Tiri Tiri Matangi on March 8, 1934 to be greeted by a launch with the press and photographers. She was soon cleared by the port doctor and towed to Queens Wharf. A crowd began assembling. A Dannevirke friend came aboard and told him that Mother Rangi had died. George was stunned. Then members of the Akarana Yacht Club came aboard and invited Te Rapunga to race in the upcoming Trans-Tasman race. George agreed without hesitation.
The race was to celebrate the centenary of Melbourne. There was talk of prizemoney totalling £5,000 for the Trans- Tasman race from Auckland to Melbourne in December 1934, the Centenary Regatta and a Melbourne-Hobart race to follow. Akarana Yacht Club made George and Gunter honorary members and gave them free use of the facilities of its clubhouse in Mechanics Bay, by the Eastern Tide Deflector, where TEAL were shortly to set up their flying boat base.
Te Rapunga in behind the wreck of Rewa at Moturekareka.
Akarana Yacht Club had first promoted the Trans-Tasman race and presented a trophy in 1931, in the depths of the Depression. The 1931 entrants were Teddy, Norwegian Erling Tambs' Colin Archer double-ender, then on a world cruise, Alan Leonard's Rangi, a Bailey & Lowe keel yacht, formerly the fishing boat Schopolo, built in 1903, and Oimara, a yawl from Melbourne. Teddy won, and returned to Auckland, to be lost soon after on Challenger Island, off Kawau.
George and Gunter spent the autumn and winter of 1934 taking part in local races, taking people out on excursions, and spending time with Charlie Hanson, at Moturekareka Island inside the breakwater made by the hulk of the square-rigger Rewa that Charlie had had sunk there. Te Rapunga then spent five months on the Devonport Yacht Club's haul out area in a cradle being prepared for the race. George gave the usual popular lectures as "philosopher-skipper" to earn money.
The race was set for December 8. Eventually, the only other entrant apart from George Dibbern with Te Rapunga was Johnny Wray with Ngataki. Two great characters of the sea! BNZ
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text:
Stylish debut
When was Harry Styles' solo album released, what are the Sign Of The Times lyrics and when will he go on tour?
The 1D heartthrob's record is made up of 10 songs inspired by classic artists
By David Hughes and Dan Cain
HARRY Styles' next stop on his world tour is in Basel, Switzerland.
Seemingly inspired by the likes of Bowie, Pink Floyd and The Beatles, Harry has favoured credibility over outright commercial appeal.
Harry Styles' self-titled debut LP has finally been releasedCredit: PA:Press Association
When was Harry Styles' debut solo album released?
Harry's self-titled album was made available to fans on Friday, May 12 via his own label, Erskine Records.
Consisting of ten tracks and lasting 40 minutes and 18 seconds, the release places emphasis on modern takes of classic sounds with Harry's influences clear to hear in the music.
The singer had already teased the record's cover art prior to release, featuring a mysterious photo of his naked back as he sits hunched over in what appears to be a bath.
The project has been hotly anticipated since One Direction announced they were going on hiatus in March 2016.
However, it had to fit alongside Harry completing work on his big-screen debut in Christopher Nolan's blockbuster Dunkirk, in which he appears alongside heavyweights Tom Hardy and Kenneth Branagh.
What tracks are on Harry Styles' solo album?
At the same time as he revealed the artwork and release date of his record, he took the opportunity to fuel fans' feverish excitement further with the album's track list.
The enigmatic titles of some of Harry's songs sparked speculation that he has penned odes to former flames Caroline Flack and Taylor Swift.
'Meet Me In The Hallway'
'Sign Of The Times'
'Two Ghosts'
'Sweet Creature'
'Only Angel'
'Kiwi'
'Ever Since New York'
'Woman'
'From The Dining Table'
The 1D heartthrob will debut his tour on September 19 2017
Is Harry going on tour?
The 1D heartthrob debuted his tour on September 19 2017.
He made his way across America, stopping in a variety of states before reaching Europe.
Only four of his 30 dates will be played in the UK – with two shows in London, one in Manchester and the final in Glasgow. His UK dates fall on October 29th and 30th in London at the Eventim Apollo, November 1st at Manchester's 02 Apollo and November 2nd at the SEC Armadillo in Glasgow.
As predicted, it didn't take long for spots in the audience to completely sell-out.
His tour moves to Asia on the November 23 2017, before finishing up in Japan on the December 8 2017.
"I'm really excited by the way he's sounding at the minute, he's such a talent. I think the world is going to be really shocked at what he comes up with."
According to record exec Rob Stringer, Sony were "incredibly excited" about the album, and he said: "Harry has stepped up with the vision of someone who's authentic."
Credit: Fame Flynet
What are the lyrics to Sign of the Times?
Harry revealed what the lyrics mean: "Most of the stuff that hurts me about what's going on at the moment is not politics, it's fundamentals.
"Equal rights. For everyone, all races, sexes, everything. ... 'Sign of the Times' came from 'this isn't the first time we've been in a hard time, and it's not going to be the last time.'
"The song is written from a point of view as if a mother was giving birth to a child and there's a complication.
"The mother is told, 'The child is fine, but you're not going to make it.'
"The mother has five minutes to tell the child, 'Go forth and conquer.'"
Here is the first verse and chorus:
Just stop your crying
It's a sign of the times
Welcome to the final show
Hope you're wearing your best clothes
You can't bribe the door on your way to the sky
You look pretty good down here
But you ain't really good
If we never learn, we been here before
Why are we always stuck and running from
The bullets?
The bullets
We never learn, we been here before
Get the full lyrics here.
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