text:
import os
import json
import sqlite3

from ..common import consts, error_message, file_read, file_write
from ..server_classes import AdminTask, Group
from .builder import on_created, init_task_attr
from jam.db.db_modules import SQLITE, get_db_module
import jam.langs as langs

def create_items(task):
    info = file_read(os.path.join(task.app.jam_dir, 'admin', 'builder_structure.info'))
    info = json.loads(info)
    task.set_info(info)

def read_secret_key(task):
    result = None
    con = task.connect()
    try:
        cursor = con.cursor()
        cursor.execute('SELECT F_SECRET_KEY FROM SYS_PARAMS')
        rec = cursor.fetchall()
        result = rec[0][0]
    except:
        pass
    finally:
        con.close()
    if result is None:
        result = ''
    return result

def check_version(task):
    pass

def init_admin(task):
    check_version(task)
    langs.update_langs(task)
    create_items(task)
    update_admin_fields(task)
    consts.read_settings()
    consts.MAINTENANCE = False
    consts.write_settings(['MAINTENANCE'])
    consts.read_language()
    on_created(task)

def create_admin(app):
    if os.path.exists(os.path.join(app.work_dir, '_admin.sqlite')):
        os.rename(os.path.join(app.work_dir, '_admin.sqlite'), \
            os.path.join(app.work_dir, 'admin.sqlite'))
    task = AdminTask(app, 'admin', 'Administrator', '', SQLITE,
        db_database=os.path.join(app.work_dir, 'admin.sqlite'))
    app.admin = task
    task.secret_key = read_secret_key(task)
    init_admin(task)
    return task

def update_admin_fields(task):

    def do_updates(con, field, item_name):
        if item_name == 'sys_privileges' and field.field_name.lower() == 'owner_item':
            cursor = con.cursor()
            cursor.execute("SELECT ID FROM SYS_ITEMS WHERE TABLE_ID > 0 AND DELETED = 0")
            details = cursor.fetchall()
            cursor.execute("SELECT ID FROM SYS_ROLES WHERE DELETED = 0")
            roles = cursor.fetchall()
            for d in details:
                for r in roles:
                    cursor.execute("""
                        INSERT INTO SYS_PRIVILEGES
                        (DELETED, OWNER_ID, OWNER_REC_ID, ITEM_ID, F_CAN_VIEW, F_CAN_CREATE, F_CAN_EDIT, F_CAN_DELETE)
                        values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)""",
                        (0, 2, r[0], d[0], True, True, True, True))
            con.commit()

    def get_item_fields(item, table_name):
        cursor.execute('PRAGMA table_info(%s)' % table_name)
        rows = cursor.fetchall()
        result = [str(row[1]).upper() for row in rows]
        return result

    def check_item_fields(item, table_name=None):
        if not table_name:
            table_name = item.table_name.upper()
        fields = get_item_fields(item, table_name)
        for field in item._fields:
            if not field.field_name.upper() in fields:
                sql = 'ALTER TABLE %s ADD COLUMN %s %s' % \
                    (table_name, field.field_name.upper(), \
                    task.db_module.FIELD_TYPES[field.data_type])
                cursor.execute(sql)
                con.commit()
                do_updates(con, field, item.item_name)

    def check_table_exists(item, table_name=None):
        if not table_name:
            table_name = item.table_name.upper()
        sql = 'SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type="table" AND UPPER(name)="%s"' % table_name
        cursor.execute(sql)
        rows = cursor.fetchall()
        if not rows:
            sql = 'CREATE TABLE %s (ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY)' % table_name
            cursor.execute(sql)
        return True

    con = task.connect()
    try:
        cursor = con.cursor()
        for group in task.items:
            for item in group.items:
                if item.table_name and not item.master:
                    if check_table_exists(item):
                        check_item_fields(item)
    finally:
        con.close()

def get_privileges(task, role_id):
    result = {}
    privliges = task.sys_privileges.copy()
    privliges.set_where(owner_rec_id=role_id)
    privliges.open()
    for p in privliges:
        result[p.item_id.value] = \
            {
            'can_view': p.f_can_view.value,
            'can_create': p.f_can_create.value,
            'can_edit': p.f_can_edit.value,
            'can_delete': p.f_can_delete.value
            }
    return result

def get_roles(task):
    privileges = {}
    roles = []
    r = task.sys_roles.copy()
    r.open()
    for r in r:
        privileges[r.id.value] = get_privileges(task, r.id.value)
        roles.append([r.id.value, r.f_name.value])
    return roles, privileges

def login_user(task, log, password, admin, ip=None, session_uuid=None):
    user_id = None
    user_info = {}
    if consts.SAFE_MODE:
        users = task.sys_users.copy()
        users.set_where(f_password=password)
        users.open()
        for u in users:
            if u.f_login.value.strip() == log.strip() and u.f_password.value == password:
                if not admin or u.f_admin.value == admin:
                    user_id = u.id.value
                    user_info = {
                        'user_id': u.id.value,
                        'role_id': u.f_role.value,
                        'role_name': u.f_role.display_text,
                        'user_name': u.f_name.value,
                        'admin': u.f_admin.value
                    }
                    if ip or session_uuid:
                        task.execute("UPDATE SYS_USERS SET F_IP='%s', F_UUID='%s' WHERE ID=%s" % (ip, session_uuid, u.id.value))
                    break
    return user_info

def user_valid_ip(task, user_id, ip):
    res = task.select("SELECT F_IP FROM SYS_USERS WHERE ID=%s" % user_id)
    if res and res[0][0] == ip:
        return True
    return False

def user_valid_uuid(task, user_id, session_uuid):
    res = task.select("SELECT F_UUID FROM SYS_USERS WHERE ID=%s" % user_id)
    if res and res[0][0] == session_uuid:
        return True
    return False

def indexes_get_table_names(indexes):
    ids = []
    for i in indexes:
        ids.append(i.owner_rec_id.value)
    items = indexes.task.sys_items.copy(handlers=False)
    items.set_where(id__in=ids)
    items.open(fields=['id', 'f_table_name'])
    table_names = {}
    for i in items:
        table_names[i.id.value] = i.f_table_name.value
    return table_names

def drop_indexes_sql(task):
    db_module = task.task_db_module
    db_type = task.task_db_type
    indexes = task.sys_indices.copy(handlers=False)
    indexes.open()
    table_names = indexes_get_table_names(indexes)
    sqls = []
    for i in indexes:
        if not (i.f_foreign_index.value and db_module.DATABASE == 'SQLITE'):
            table_name = table_names.get(i.owner_rec_id.value)
            if table_name:
                sqls.append(i.delete_index_sql(db_type, table_name))
    return sqls

def restore_indexes_sql(task):
    db_module = task.task_db_module
    db_type = task.task_db_type
    indexes = task.sys_indices.copy(handlers=False)
    indexes.open()
    table_names = indexes_get_table_names(indexes)
    sqls = []
    for i in indexes:
        if not (i.f_foreign_index.value and db_module.DATABASE == 'SQLITE'):
            table_name = table_names.get(i.owner_rec_id.value)
            if table_name:
                sqls.append(i.create_index_sql(db_type, table_name))
    return sqls

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


SS 309S Tubes, 309S Stainless Steel Pipes, SS UNS S30908 Pipes, ASTM A312 Stainless Steel werkstoff nr. 1.4833 Seamless Pipes & Welded Tubes Supplier & Exporter in India.
Neon Alloy's is one of the leading manufacturer & exporters of stainless steel 309S pipe & tubes. We bring out a unique range of SS 309S pipes & SS 309 tubes which is processed under high tech machines. Made in accordance with the industrial standards these 309S pipes & tubes meet the clients' specifications absolutely. Available in various ranges, sizes and forms like round, oval, rectangular and U-shape these tubes provide long service life along with optimum quality.
These 309S stainless steel pipes & tubes are used in ships building industry, car making industry, war and electricity industry and other machinery and hardware fields. These are made up of high quality raw material and therefore follow international quality standard and ensure high durability and resistivity to adverse conditions.
Our product includes tubes and pipes, SS 309S Pipes, SS 309S Tubes, Stainless 309S Seamless Pipes & Tubes etc. These products are available at best possible prices which is another important feature exhibited by our products range.
Stainless Steel 309S ERW Pipes, SS 309S Seamless Tubes, Steel 309S Welded Pipes, Stainless Steel 309S EFW Tubes, Stainless ASTM A213 / A249 309S Seamless Pipes Manufacturer in India.
United States, Chine, Jordan, Vietnam, Canada, Turkey, Bahrain, Morocco, Mozambique, Australia, UK, Indonesia, Germany, Israel, Colombia, Cameroon, Trinidad and Tobago, Kuwait, Uganda, Azerbaijan, Italy, London, Peru, Mexico, Iraq, Democratic Republic of the Congo, New Zealand, Malaysia, Algeria, Kazakhstan, Ghana, Thailand (Bangkok), Africa, Houston, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopa, Argentina, UAE, Venezuela, Nigeria, Egypt, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Angola, Tunisia, Dubai, South Africa, Russia, Iran, Sudan.
Kinshasa, Port Harcourt, Kano, Aqaba, Amman, Abidjan, Zaria, Addis Ababa, Data from the UN, Ibadan, Byblos, Alexandria, Lubumbashi, Jerusalem, Singapore, Harare, Accra, Kaduna, Mecca, Pretoria, Riyadh, Abu Dhabi, Lagos, Antananarivo, Conakry, Bulawayo, Port Elizabeth, Freetown, Manama, Dakar, Johannesburg, Colombo, Ouagadougou, Dar es Salaam, Kolwezi, Durban, Brazzaville, Nairobi, Hong Kong, Doha, Beirut, Douala, Tripoli, Bamako, Luanda, Bethlehem, Jeddah, Tehran, Sharm el-Sheikh, Tel Aviv, Cairo, Khartoum, Fez, Soweto, Dammam, Muscat, Istanbul, Casablanca, Mbuji-Mayi, Cape Town, Dubai, Algiers, Lusaka, Giza, Maputo, Kampala, Mogadishu, Cairo, Subra al-Haymah, Rabat, Yaoundé, New York, Omdurman, Benin, Maiduguri.


SSRS, an independent research company contracted by the group, surveyed 1,210 Texans in January about their views on health care. Among other things, it found 64 percent of those surveyed supported expanding Medicaid through the Affordable Care Act, while 31 percent said they would rather keep the current program as is.
Support for Medicaid expansion is holding steady in Texas. The Episcopal Health Foundation released a similar survey last year that also found 64 percent of those surveyed supported expanding the program to more low-income people.
Texas is one of only 14 states that have decided not to expand Medicaid. In the past few years, many Republican-led states have begun expanding their programs because of ballot measure campaigns. In 2017, a ballot-referendum in Maine passed. During last year's election, Nebraska, Idaho and Utah voters approved measures.
Unlike voters in those states, however, Texas voters can't put Medicaid expansion on the ballot; it's is up to state lawmakers to vote on whether to let voters weigh in on the matter.
And that's what health advocates in the state are hoping the Texas Legislature does this year.
State Sen. Nathan Johnson, a Democrat from Dallas, has sponsored legislation that would put the measure on the ballot.
"I think that's a conversation that absolutely needs to take place," Johnson told KUT.
Health care advocates have argued there have been significant costs associated with the state's refusal to expand Medicaid year after year.
Dr. Cedric Dark, an emergency room physician in Texas, said he sees many patients come into the ER too late, because they don't have health insurance.
"It's disappointing, really, because there are a lot of people that we see that ... could have had things taken care of sooner if they just had a relationship with a primary care doctor," Dark said. "But in order to have a relationship with a primary care doctor these days you have to have some form of coverage."
For example, he said he sees many people come in with various types of cancers – colon cancer and ovarian cancer – that could have been treated earlier if they had access to a primary care provider who could have screened for it.
Besides the human cost, Johnson said, there is also a financial cost.
As Texas' uninsured rate starts to increase, again, the state is also facing a shortfall of federal funding for uncompensated care.
Johnson said he thinks those costs will shift to counties. Texas has the highest rate and number of uninsured residents in the country.
Many of the people who care for disabled Texans don't earn a living wage. Charlotte Stewart is executive director of REACH, a nonprofit that advocates for people with disabilities. She has a severe case of rheumatoid arthritis, and she's helping lead the fight to boost pay for aides funded by Medicaid. They're known as community attendants.


This information is provided by Cartier Charter. Please confirm all details direct with them prior to booking. Yachting Limited neither endorses Cartier Charter nor guarantees the accuracy of this listing.
Sunset, Event, Party and Wedding accomodations on a private 47' luxury motor yacht. Invite 2 to 12 guests. Tour Southwest Florida's tranquil inter coastal waterways and destinations just beyond Sanibel Islalnd, Captiva Island, Cape Coral and Fort Myer's beautiful shorelines. Join us aboard the Summerwind, a luxury yacht. Take an adventure and sightseeing cruise through the beautiful gulf waters and natural Florida estuaries. Enjoy the spectacular wildlife and dolphin sightings. Crewed by Captain Paul and First Mate, Dorothy. Vessel, Charter Fee, fuel and crew priced at a flat fee. Standarized per person rates are not available. 1/2 day and full day cruises are available.
Rate is $190 per hour with a minimum of 3 hours. Food and refreshments are available at a per person rate.
The details of the yachts below are indicative. The specifications (including the number of berths, cabins and heads) of Cartier Charter's yachts may vary. Please confirm the details with Cartier Charter.
There are no user reviews for Cartier Charter yet. Be the first to add a review.


What is this a Terry wad for Duke?
I think there are more enemies that you might not be showing us like the bosses for example?
I think I heard of this project before and I have to nice work so far.
As a suggestion maybe can add a double barrel shotgun by anychance?
That looks like oversized room than a sky, can you fix that?


text:
[phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/phpbb/session.php on line 1067: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at [ROOT]/includes/functions.php:3839)
Where to Find Fifa 19 Coins - Die Erben des Phönix
Die Erben des Phönix
Forum der World of Warcraft Gilde Die Erben des Phönix
Homepage	Foren-Übersicht Phönixerben Raid Phönixerben Raidgruppe
Where to Find Fifa 19 Coins
Allgemeines, Regeln & Punktesystem der Phönixerben Raidgruppe
1 Beitrag [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/vendor/twig/twig/lib/Twig/Extension/Core.php on line 1107: count(): Parameter must be an array or an object that implements Countable
amazingz
Registriert: Do 28. Sep 2017, 07:56
Beitragvon amazingz » Di 7. Aug 2018, 01:28
Fifa 19 Coins Reviews & Tips
The installation procedure begins once you have finished the download procedure. There are many options.
According to numerous diverse sources using the FIFA 19 coins hack is 100% free of charge. Odds are, from the moment you've begun reading this, we've already delivered thousands of Fifa 19 coins in the interim,. It runs with several proxies to protect your account.
It has never been simpler to hack and cheat FIFA 19 to be able to acquire totally free coins and points. It's possible for you to purchase the coins in any amount which you want. With this, it is easy to move coins and it is but one of the safest ways when compared with others.
The moment you've come to agreement you've got the chance to personalize your stadium and your uniforms. First you would never be asked to devote any money for Points again and you could simply obtain any player you'd like straight from the transfer marketplace. You should get into the stadium at the moment.
Fifa 19 Coins - Overview
If you would like to be effective in FUT 19 you will need to higher your odds to win. Based on what point it's in the match, taunting can offer a substantial buff to the player by upping their stamina. Its intent is to permit computers to learn independently.
For that reason, it's vital to select the greatest and dependable supplier. You have to keep the content on your site unique so as to construct your authority. There are many online sites that might be providing one such online site that's popular with the people all around the world are the generator rules which are very productive in the present historical period and free downloads of the programs.
Introducing Fifa 19 Coins
As is true with each new MLB game, there's been thousands of new animations added to make it even more realistic. You don't even need to play the entire game. Overall, it is not that bad, but you will need to take it into the right prospect.
FIFA has come to be the corporation's most popular game collection. Perform the Moments enables fans to go through the critical milestones in each and every game whilst simulating the remaining part of the matchup. Pro Evolution Soccer is among the biggest game franchises on Earth.
Fifa 19 Coins - the Conspiracy
If so, then you have to consider these tips while buying FIFA 19coins. EA fixed problems such as this. Please open our website, select FIFA 19 Coins, then select your console.
Legit torrents, as its name suggests, offers torrents which are legally available for download. You're in a position to take a peek at some of the trophies below, and locate the full list at Exophase. Within this report we're going to demonstrate to you just how simple it is to hack on FIFA 19 Ultimate Team only with a couple steps.
Top Fifa 19 Coins Secrets
The latter choice will supply you a player which is with your team for some moment. Normally, sports don't go nicely with a one-size-fits-all strategy, and EHM is not a exception. Life at the C-Suite Of course, if you're aiming for the absolute top of the list, you will have to take into account the c-suite.
Our top priority is to finish your order in the minimum quantity of time. These options are easily accessible to all our clientele. It frequently happens that individuals checkout and neglect to click the appropriate console, furthermore, it's important to always give your real phone number, since you'll get called to check if you're old enough.
Generally the data which you're presenting has more than 1 dimension but the exact structure of the visualisation can be applied to several sections of the dataset. The whole experience should now look and feel a whole lot cleaner. There is never a lack of great thoughts and features to enhance your overall Madden encounter but not all them are ready to be delivered in exactly the same timeframe.
Nobody knows what is going to be the upcoming major thing the internet world is always full of doubt, but also has many legendary stories. It's also offered in several of varied languages like german, spanish, french and dutch. For people that use to download their preferred media content through kickass torrents, here's a list of the perfect kickass torrents alternatives it is possible to access with complete freedom.
Fifa 19 Coins Features
In 2K17 you would like to flick the most suitable stick to the ball handlers opposite hand, that is it. Your positioning supporting the ball will impact the spin. A kick blocker' is designated in the onset of the play and players utilize the jump the snap mechanic to discover whether the player breaks throughout the line.
Just offering a means to allow folks to easily contact you with confidence would go a very long way. In self-actualization, a individual arrives to locate a meaning to life that's important to them. A significant issue with how this is designed is that the simple fact that there's no voice acting.
Although Monova provides the latest content to users, but you should register to be able to fully utilize its site and features. All of the items which you marked will show up in the custom data dropdown in which you will choose the precise dataset which you will use in the infograph. If you are looking for the best and favorite torrents, then BTScene ought to be your go-to site for a lot of your torrenting requirements.
Zurück zu "Phönixerben Raidgruppe"
Forum wechseln
Addons und Co
Phönixerben Raid
Phönixerben Raidgruppe

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Kleine Katzen: Songs for our German-speaking playgroup this week!
Come on down to our German-speaking playgroup Kleine Katzen, every Wednesday 11am – 12.30pm at Good Hope Cafe, Ladywell!
3. Wo ist der Daumen?
Hope to see you there – bis Mittwoch!


text:
The IEA Standing Committee (SC) consists of the IEA chair and six General Assembly representatives (elected for a three-year term). The committee serves as a board of directors for both IEA and the IEA Secretariat. The SC meets twice a year under the direction of the IEA chair to review IEA policy and project developments. Between General Assembly meetings, the committee serves as the IEA decision-making authority, and works with the IEA chair and executive director to implement General Assembly resolutions. The committee is also responsible for recommending committee members and new studies to the General Assembly.
Left to Right: Barclay Anstiss, Sophia Gorgodze, Thierry Rocher, Ines Elezović, Stephen Provasnik, Maria Axelsson, and Roberto Ricci.
Dr. Thierry Rocher
Dr Thierry Rocher was elected to the IEA Chair position at the 59th General Assembly meeting in October 2018. Dr Rocher previously served as a Standing Committee member and General Assembly representative for France. He is the Head of the Office for Student Assessment (DEPP) at the Ministère de l'éducation nationale in France.
Mr. Barclay Anstiss
Dr. Maria Axelsson
Ms. Sophia Gorgodze
Dr. Stephen Provasnik
Team Lead for International Activities Program at NCES
Dr. Roberto Ricci


Vancouver, British Columbia, June 28, 2016 – Noka Resources Inc. (NX:TSX-V) (2NKN: FSE) (NOKAF:US) (the "Company" or "Noka") is pleased to announce that it plans to commence exploration on its two lithium projects in Esmeralda County, Nevada.
Initial exploration will begin on Noka's Lincoln property within two weeks and will consist of sediment and rock sampling. The initial program will also include shallow, 3 to 4m deep, Vibracore drilling to obtain large diameter core for lithium analysis. The US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has advised that such drilling can be carried out under its "casual use" provision without a permit. Subsequent exploration and deep drill permit applications will begin upon assessment of initial geochemical results.
The Lincoln project is located near the northwest flank of Albermarle's Silver Peak mine, the only lithium producer in North America. In 1982, a nearby United States Geological Survey drill hole reported 930 ppm lithium at a depth of 100 feet (30 meters). (Source: USGS Open-File Report 82-415, 1982).
Upon completion of further due diligence, the project has been reduced from its originally reported 3,500 acres to 1,600 acres based on geological assessment, cost efficiency and risk management. Accordingly, the terms of the Option Agreement announced in the Company's April 21, 2016, news release have been changed. Consideration for acquisition of the claims is now 1,500,000 shares and $50,000, with no required work commitment on the property.
The Columbus lithium property, comprised of 1920 acres of Federal placer claims, is located in the Big Smoky Valley, Esmeralda County, Nevada.
The principal target at Columbus is a large circular gravity low anomaly which is interpreted as an in-filled basin which may contain lithium-rich brine. The Big Smoky Valley was preliminarily drilled in 1979 by the United States Geological Survey and anomalous lithium values were encountered in the basin sediments. Accordingly, the initial exploration phase at Columbus will consist of confirmation geochemical sediment and rock sampling with the specific purpose of localizing drill hole collars for permit in order that drill permits may be acquired. This program will also include shallow Vibracore drilling under the BLM's casual use provision.
It is expected that sampling operations will begin within two weeks.


fly2help joined in with Gloucestershire Airport's celebration of Armed Forces weekend by holding a themed Air Smiles Day for residents of Thirlestaine Park Care Home in Cheltenham. 12 residents, carers and family attended their special day at Gloucestershire Airport where they were hosted by a team of volunteers from fly2help who had transformed the airport's departure lounge into a room full of memories for the day. The room was decorated with bunting, war memorabilia and cakes were made from recipes from wartime cook books. With 1940's music playing on the background, the residents enjoyed their cups of tea, maybe not the cake so much, before some of them took to the skies in a four seat helicopter flown by one of the charity's volunteer pilots. One of the ladies that flew was a wireless operator during the war. Mollie served in the RAF between 1941 and 1945 and her husband also flew Lancaster bombers.
This was a day arranged by fly2help to give the residents and their carers a day out to remember and it certainly did that. After the helicopter flight all the residents had an opportunity to be driven around the countryside in Austin Healey cars and a Jaguar, provided by the Austin Healey Club and then a buffet lunch at the Aviator. If that wasn't enough excitement for the day, the best surprise was when they were joined for lunch by Joy Lofthouse, one of the well known Spitfire Women and also one of the Patrons of the fly2help charity. It was very emotional watching Joy and Molly engaged in conversation about their experiences.
After lunch as the residents thought it was time to go home, the final excitement of the day was when a Spitfire from the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight landed at Gloucester and parked right next to them so they were all able to chat to the pilot and have a close look at the aircraft. Emotions were flying high at this point as the pilot stopped to chat to Joy Lofthouse. No doubt Joy giving him a few tips on how to fly! By the time Mollie had her chance to sit with the pilot while he drank his well earned cup of tea, there were not many dry eyes from the volunteers and carers.
A mixed day of emotions for all involved, but a day of remembering the past and making new memories for their future. The care home will receive a memory photo album provided by fly2help so they can always look back on their day and so the smiles will continue well after the day itself.
fly2help is a Gloucestershire based charity that uses the power of flight to raise the spirits of people young and old, living in difficult personal situations and inspire young people as they consider their future lives. So far this year fly2help has flown 107 people.


text:
One of the many uses of artificial neural networks is for nonlinear black-box dynamic modeling. This is the process of predicting the response of a dynamic system to its inputs. A number of researchers have attempted this using gradient methods of selecting the neural network parameters, to varying levels of success. However, most will tell you that the most difficult (and accuracy effecting) process is approximating the derivatives. For example, Backpropagation Through Time uses an algebraic "unrolling" of the IIR filter's derivative into its approximate FIR form, although the algebra quickly gets out of hand for systems with long impulse responses.
An easier (and arguably better) method is to use a non-derivative optimization method. My favorite is the Complex Method (matlab code), which is a simpler method of the Nelder-Mead Simplex Method. This method requires the ability to calculate a "fitness" for each set of parameters (network weights), which will be maximized. In the case of dynamic system modelling, we want to minimize the error between the neural network estimate of the system response to a given input and the real system's measured response, so we use the negative error. The fitness of a large number of paremeter sets are calculated. The worst is removed from the set, and a new set of parameters is generated, based on the fitness of the previous points. This process is repeated for a number of generations until a desired accuracy is reached.
We (myself and University of Saskatchewan colleagues Rich Burton, Doug Bitner and Greg Schoenau) have put together a paper showing how this works, to be presented at the Bath Symposium on Power Transmission and Motion Control. This paper shows the performance of the complex method when applied to the modelling of real data from a load-sensing hydraulic pump. We found the complex method to be more accurate and much faster than a previous method used on the same data.
You can get a preprint of the paper here, and the Matlab code here. As always, comments are appreciated.
Posted by Travis at 8/15/2008 09:40:00 AM No comments:
Lowest Common Mulitple of Periods within an Octave
In digital signal processing, it is sometimes required that one calculate the lowest common multiple of a number of periods. For example, imagine we have two sine waves with periods of 6 and 8 samples, and wish to calculate the discrete Fourier transform to determine the phase and amplitude of these two frequencies. Since the DFT assumes that the wave is periodic, we should use a DFT length of 24, the lowest common multiple of 6 and 8.
I came upon the inverse problem when designing a system to generate square waves, which would be analyzed with a DFT. However this problem had a further constraint, I needed to avoid interfering harmonics. A square wave has odd harmonics of the fundamental frequency. That is, for a 1 Hz square wave, there will be components at 3, 5, 7, ... Hz. In order to avoid interference between frequencies, I needed to find the shortest DFT length k that was a multiple of N periods, where the ratio of the largest and smallest periods was less than 3.
It took a bit of time to brute force the problem, so I'll include the results here:
N=3 k=12 p=[ 2 3 4 ]
N=4 k=60 p=[ 2 3 4 5 ]
N=5 k=120 p=[ 4 5 6 8 10 ]
N=6 k=240 p=[ 8 10 12 15 16 20 ]
N=7 k=360 p=[ 8 9 10 12 15 18 20 ]
N=8 k=720 p=[ 8 9 10 12 15 16 18 20 ]
N=9 k=840 p=[ 14 15 20 21 24 28 30 35 40 ]
N=10 k=1680 p=[ 14 15 16 20 21 24 28 30 35 40 ]
N=11 k=2520 p=[ 24 28 30 35 36 40 42 45 56 60 63 ]
N=12 k=2520 p=[ 24 28 30 35 36 40 42 45 56 60 63 70 ]
N=13 k=5040 p=[ 28 30 35 36 40 42 45 48 56 60 63 70 72 ]
N=14 k=5040 p=[ 28 30 35 36 40 42 45 48 56 60 63 70 72 80 ]
N=15 k=10080 p=[ 56 60 63 70 72 80 84 90 96 105 112 120 126 140 144 ]
N=16 k=10080 p=[ 56 60 63 70 72 80 84 90 96 105 112 120 126 140 144 160 ]
N=17 k=15120 p=[ 48 54 56 60 63 70 72 80 84 90 105 108 112 120 126 135 140 ]
N=18 k=25200 p=[ 60 63 70 72 75 80 84 90 100 105 112 120 126 140 144 150 168 175 ]
N=19 k=27720 p=[ 55 56 60 63 66 70 72 77 84 88 90 99 105 110 120 126 132 140 154 ]
N=20 k=30240 p=[ 96 105 108 112 120 126 135 140 144 160 168 180 189 210 216 224 240 252 270 280 ]
N=21 k=50400 p=[ 120 126 140 144 150 160 168 175 180 200 210 224 225 240 252 280 288 300 315 336 350 ]
N=22 k=55440 p=[ 60 63 66 70 72 77 80 84 88 90 99 105 110 112 120 126 132 140 144 154 165 168 ]
N=23 k=55440 p=[ 60 63 66 70 72 77 80 84 88 90 99 105 110 112 120 126 132 140 144 154 165 168 176 ]
N=24 k=83160 p=[ 105 108 110 120 126 132 135 140 154 165 168 180 189 198 210 216 220 231 252 264 270 280 297 308 ]
N=25 k=110880 p=[ 120 126 132 140 144 154 160 165 168 176 180 198 210 220 224 231 240 252 264 280 288 308 315 330 336 ]
N=26 k=110880 p=[ 120 126 132 140 144 154 160 165 168 176 180 198 210 220 224 231 240 252 264 280 288 308 315 330 336 352 ]
N=27 k=166320 p=[ 210 216 220 231 240 252 264 270 280 297 308 315 330 336 360 378 385 396 420 432 440 462 495 504 528 540 560 ]
N=28 k=166320 p=[ 210 216 220 231 240 252 264 270 280 297 308 315 330 336 360 378 385 396 420 432 440 462 495 504 528 540 560 594 ]
N=29 k=166320 p=[ 210 216 220 231 240 252 264 270 280 297 308 315 330 336 360 378 385 396 420 432 440 462 495 504 528 540 560 594 616 ]
Now, while the square wave has no even harmonics, these harmonics can be generated by non-linear processes, such as the saturation of vacuum tubes. So the same analysis was performed, constraining the ratio of the maximum and minimum periods to be less than 2 (or within one octave). Here are the results:
N=4 k=180 p=[ 9 10 12 15 ]
N=5 k=720 p=[ 8 9 10 12 15 ]
N=6 k=840 p=[ 20 21 24 28 30 35 ]
N=7 k=2520 p=[ 35 36 40 42 45 56 60 ]
N=8 k=2520 p=[ 35 36 40 42 45 56 60 63 ]
N=9 k=5040 p=[ 35 36 40 42 45 48 56 60 63 ]
N=10 k=10080 p=[ 56 60 63 70 72 80 84 90 96 105 ]
N=11 k=15120 p=[ 70 72 80 84 90 105 108 112 120 126 135 ]
N=12 k=27720 p=[ 55 56 60 63 66 70 72 77 84 88 90 99 ]
N=13 k=27720 p=[ 55 56 60 63 66 70 72 77 84 88 90 99 105 ]
N=14 k=55440 p=[ 55 56 60 63 66 70 72 77 80 84 88 90 99 105 ]
N=15 k=83160 p=[ 165 168 180 189 198 210 216 220 231 252 264 270 280 297 308 ]
N=16 k=83160 p=[ 165 168 180 189 198 210 216 220 231 252 264 270 280 297 308 315 ]
N=17 k=110880 p=[ 198 210 220 224 231 240 252 264 280 288 308 315 330 336 352 360 385 ]
N=18 k=166320 p=[ 165 168 176 180 189 198 210 216 220 231 240 252 264 270 280 297 308 315 ]
N=19 k=221760 p=[ 252 264 280 288 308 315 320 330 336 352 360 385 396 420 440 448 462 480 495 ]
N=20 k=277200 p=[ 264 275 280 300 308 315 330 336 350 360 385 396 400 420 440 450 462 495 504 525 ]
N=21 k=332640 p=[ 198 210 216 220 224 231 240 252 264 270 280 288 297 308 315 330 336 352 360 378 385 ]
N=22 k=360360 p=[ 252 260 264 273 280 286 308 312 315 330 360 364 385 390 396 420 429 440 455 462 468 495 ]
N=23 k=554400 p=[ 264 275 280 288 300 308 315 330 336 350 352 360 385 396 400 420 440 450 462 480 495 504 525 ]
N=24 k=720720 p=[ 504 520 528 546 560 572 585 616 624 630 660 693 715 720 728 770 780 792 819 840 858 880 910 924 ]
N=27 k=720720 p=[ 504 520 528 546 560 572 585 616 624 630 660 693 715 720 728 770 780 792 819 840 858 880 910 924 936 990 1001 ]
So, for example, the period of the shortest repeating waveform with 12 frequencies within an octave is 15120. If we allow frequencies up to the 2nd harmonic of the lowest frequency, the shortest period is 2520.
Labels: audio, DFT, digital signal processing, DSP, FFT, Fourier, harmonics, LCM, lowest common multiple, octave, square wave
One of the many uses of artificial neural networks...


Hospitals are looking to hire skilled nursing professionals nation wide. Many current nurses are entering retirement and creating operating room nursing job openings for the next generation. Take advantage of current opportunities and find the operating room nursing job that you are looking for.
Pompton Plains, NJ hospital is looking for a contract Operating Room nurse for their OR. Registered Nurse (RN) (Required)….
Minimum 2 years experience in an operating room setting; Coordinates and oversees the room during a case as the circulator….
Registered Nurse (RN) (Required). Operating Room RN will function primarily as a circulator, but may be used as a scrub with adequate training….
Registered Nurse – (RN) –. Nurses, Physicians, PTs and OTs, techs, assistants, you name it. CVOR RN and CVOR tech….
Current PA Registered Nurse license – Maintain Basic Life Support (BLS/CPR) AHA for Healthcare Provider Certification Experience:….


Dr Leslie Cannold is an award-wining author, ethicist and sought after keynote speaker and panel presenter. She has been noted by The Power Index and Fairfax as one of Australia's most influential thinkers and most influential Melbourne women.. In 2011 Leslie was honoured as Australian Humanist of the Year. Leslie is a regular guest on ABC TV's Moral Compass, an adjunct Associate Professor at the Department of International Business and Asian Studies at Griffith University and Senior Lecturer at the Gender, Leadership & Social Sustainability Research Unit at Monash. The author of non-fiction books The Abortion Myth and What, No Baby, Leslie's latest book is an historical novel, The Book of Rachael, published by Text.


A quick reminder: The Boise Advertising Federation's event featuring Adscam's George Parker is only a week away. Be sure to RSVP soon for this one, as I'm sure they'll have a big crowd.
And don't forget that The Naughties will be playing that evening as well.
Call me a dummy… I've never heard of this man.
Doug, don't be so hard on yourself. Most likely George has never heard of you either. Nevertheless, come to the Rose Room next Wednesday night and introduce yourself. George has a unique POV on advertising that he's going to share. It's sure to be a great conversation.
Previous PostPrevious Is it Better to be Bad than Good?


text:
FairMormon
Tickets now on sale for the 2019 FairMormon Conference!
Aug 7-9, Provo, UT. (Can't attend? Streaming available.)
Media & Apps
Polygamy book/Illegal marriages in Ohio
< Polygamy book
Revision as of 15:22, 30 September 2017 by RogerNicholson (talk | contribs)
Joseph Smith's performance of marriages in Ohio
Early womanizer
Polygamy book, a work by author: Gregory L. Smith
Age of wives
Summary: Critics charge that Joseph Smith performed monogamous marriages for time of already-married members, violating Ohio law in Kirtland. Such claims are false and represent a misunderstanding about the marriage and divorce law of the day.
Jump to Subtopic:
Question: Did Joseph Smith violate marriage laws in Ohio by performing marriages?
Question: When Joseph Smith performed the marriage of Newel Knight and Lydia Bailey, were they guilty of bigamy since Lydia had not been formally divorced from her previous husband?
Note: This material is part of a collection of draft essays on LDS plural marriage. They are provided for the use of FairMormon and its readers. (C) 2007-2017 Gregory L. Smith. No other reproduction is authorized.
Joseph did not knowingly violate marriage laws in Ohio, and seems to have used his prophetic gifts to spare victims of the nineteenth-century's legal and bureaucratic immaturity unnecessary suffering
Joseph did not knowingly violate marriage laws in Ohio, and seems to have used his prophetic gifts to spare victims of the nineteenth-century's legal and bureaucratic immaturity unnecessary suffering. The secular powers honored Joseph's marriages, and provided documentation to ratify his acts. As happens so often, critics condemn Joseph Smith and the early Saints without providing the proper context for their legal choices or moral actions. As we consider the wider implementation of plural marriage in Nauvoo, such context will become increasingly important.
Plural marriage would eventually involve a complex collision of religious belief, secular law, and personal conscience. Many historians have presumed that Joseph Smith always had a cavalier attitude toward civil laws which conflicted with his marital concepts. Even before the broad implementation of plural marriage, critics point to marriages performed by Joseph in Ohio as evidence that he would readily violate secular laws.
As John Brooke put it:
Specifically prohibited from performing the marriage ceremony by the local county court, Smith brushed aside a state-licensed church elder to perform the rites of marriage between Newel [Knight] and Lydia [Bailey] himself. She was not divorced from her non-Mormon husband, so this technically bigamous marriage also challenged a broader moral code…Over the next two months Joseph Smith performed five more illegal marriages.[1]
Brooke claims Joseph was forbidden to perform marriages, that he performed a bigamous marriage, and that he repeatedly disobeyed state marriage laws.
Michael Quinn makes the same type of claim when he opines that
in November 1835 [Joseph] announced a doctrine I call "theocratic ethics." He used this theology of justify his violation of Ohio's marriage laws by performing a marriage for Newel Knight and the undivorced Lydia Goldthwaite without legal authority to do so…Theocratic ethics justified LDS leaders and (by extension) regular Mormons in actions which were contrary to conventional ethics and sometimes in violation of criminal laws.[2]
Quinn's introduction of the expression "theocratic ethics" is an excellent example of his regrettable tendency to coin an expression, and then proceed as if his act of definition proves that the phenomenon he has labeled actually exists.[3] In another context, one non-LDS reviewer of Quinn regretted this use of "rather artificial categories that acquire an aura of scholarly respectability through the magic of 'Quinnspeak.'"[4]
Quinn's vocabulary implies that Joseph was using a different sort of ethical standard as most people—and, the term "theocratic" is loaded, since it generally has negative associations. Quinn also makes the entirely unwarranted conclusion "by extension" that Joseph's supposed irregular actions meant that a "regular Mormon" would be likewise justified in following a novel ethical scheme.
Despite such confident claims, the historical record regarding Ohio marriages disagrees with this portrait in almost every particular.[5] Newel Knight, a young widower, wished to marry Lydia Bailey. Lydia was married to an abusive drunkard, who had abandoned her years before. Sidney Rigdon had been refused a license to marry as a Mormon minister, and so many concluded that Mormon elders would not receive state sanction to perform marriages.
Because Seymour Brunson had been a preacher prior to being a Mormon, he held a license to solemnize marriages. Brunson was thus about to perform the Knight-Bailey wedding. In what Van Wagoner calls "a bold display of civil disobedience,"[6] Joseph Smith stepped forward and announced that he would perform the marriage.
The Knight-Bailey wedding was not illegal, since Newel Knight obtained a marriage license from the secular authorities
On the surface, it appears that the critics are justified in arguing that Joseph had no right to perform marriages, and chose to do so anyway. Scott Bradshaw's research, however, found that refusing Rigdon permission to marry was "not justifiable from a legal point of view." Such a legal decision in Ohio "was rare in the 1830s, perhaps even unheard of."[7] The court's refusal to grant Rigdon a license to marry as a Mormon minister likely stemmed from religious prejudice.
The Knight-Bailey wedding was not illegal, since Newel Knight obtained a marriage license from the secular authorities. The state of Ohio did not contest Joseph's performance of the marriage, since it then issued a marriage certificate for the Knights' marriage. Joseph later performed other marriages in Ohio, and these couples likewise received marriage certificates after Joseph submitted the necessary paperwork.
A review of Ohio state law demonstrates that Joseph's decision to perform marriages was correct
A review of Ohio state law demonstrates that Joseph's decision to marry—and his prophesy that he had the right to marry, and that his enemies would never prosecute him for marrying—was correct. Ohio's 1824 marriage law stated that "a religious society…could perform marriages without a license so long as the ceremony was done 'agreeable to the rules and regulations of their respective churches.'"[8]
The "rules and regulations" regarding marriage for the Church had been established since the publication of what was then D&C 101 in September 1835.[9] The Knight-Bailey wedding did not occur until 24 November 1835, and Joseph Smith surely had the authority to perform weddings in the Church if anyone did, especially since D&C 101 declared that marriage "should be performed by a presiding high priest, bishop, elder, or priest."[10]
When applying to the county clerk for marriage certificates of other marriages which he performed, Joseph specifically noted that they were solemnized "agreeably to the rules and regulations of the Church…on matrimony," a clear reference to the 1824 Ohio statute.
Lydia and Newel were aware of the prohibition on bigamy, and Lydia refused to marry Newel until they approached Joseph for his counsel
Joseph's decision to solemnize marriages was in accord with Ohio state law. Because Lydia Bailey was not divorced, however, the critics have also charged Joseph with permitting a bigamous marriage, and thus flaunting the law.
Lydia and Newel were aware of the prohibition on bigamy, and Lydia refused to marry Newel until they approached Joseph for his counsel:
Broth[er] Joseph after p[ray]or & reflecting a little or in other words enquiring [of the] Lord Said it is all right, She is his & the sooner they [are] married the better. Tell them no law shall hurt [them]. They need not fear either the law of God or man for [it] shall not touch them; & the Lord bless them. This [is the] will of the Lord concerning the matter.[11]
Ohio law had, until just prior to their wedding, allowed spouses to remarry without formal divorce if they had been abandoned for three years
Ohio law had, until just prior to their wedding, allowed spouses to remarry without formal divorce if they had been abandoned for three years. This described Lydia's case, and Newel tried to so persuade her before speaking with Joseph. Lydia's concern about remarriage seems to have been motivated mainly by spiritual worries that it was wrong in the sight of God to remarry, even if the law might allow it.[12]
It was doubtless because of abandonment that Newel obtained the marriage license.[13] He was likely unaware—as, perhaps, were those who granted the license—that the law had recently changed the abandonment period to five years, and so the marriage might have been illegal on those grounds.
The Knights' predicament highlights an aspect of early nineteenth-century marriage which modern readers often ignore
The Knights' predicament highlights an aspect of early nineteenth-century marriage which modern readers often ignore. Communication in this period was difficult, travel was slow, and record keeping requirements varied widely across the United States. As a result, technical "bigamy" was a common state of affairs for all social classes at this period in American history.[14] This made the prosecution of bigamy rare, and in cases of abandonment some spouses had to simply remarry since obtaining a formal divorce was difficult or impossible:
Since bigamy was only prosecuted on the complaint of a spouse (one whose honor had been offended or for whom the loss of support was irremediable) and when the offending spouse could be found by summons, most bigamists were probably never arrested...From the standpoint of the legal historian, it is perhaps surprising that anyone prosecuted bigamy at all. Given the confusion over conflicting state laws on marriage, there were many ways to escape notice, if not conviction.[15]
Ohio law also required that persons seeking a divorce apply to the state supreme court, and be state residents for two years—so, on these terms Lydia would have been in violation of the law. But, it is not clear that she, Newel, or those who granted the marriage license were aware of this technicality.
Despite potentially violating some legal niceties, however, Lydia almost certainly did not engage in bigamy since her previous husband had died
Despite potentially violating some legal niceties, however, Lydia almost certainly did not engage in bigamy. Shortly after the Knights' marriage, she learned that her wastrel husband had died. The Knights viewed this as vindication of Joseph's prophetic gifts, since he had promised them that there was no moral or legal impediment to their marriage—and, he was right.[16]
To learn more: D&C 1835 edition, Section CI denies polygamy
Mormonism and divorce in the nineteenth century
Divorce among Mormons in the 19th century
Some 19th century Mormons did not receive civil divorces before remarrying
To see citations to the critical sources for these claims, click here
↑ John L. Brooke, The Refiner's Fire : The Making of Mormon Cosmology, 1644-1844 (Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 212.
↑ D. Michael Quinn, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power (Signature Books, 1994), 88.
↑ For a critique of Quinn's concept of "theocratic ethics," see Dean C. Jessee, "Review of D. Michael Quinn's the Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power," Journal of Mormon History 22/2 (Fall 1996): 163–165. Jessee also treats the matter of Joseph Smith performing marriages in Ohio on pp. 166–167.
↑ Klaus J. Hansen, "Quinnspeak (Review of Same-Sex Dynamics among Nineteenth-Century Americans: A Mormon Example by D. Michael Quinn)," FARMS Review of Books 10/1 (1998): 132–140. off-site
↑ Unless otherwise indicated, the facts in this chapter are drawn from M. Scott Bradshaw, "Joseph Smith's Performance of Marriages in Ohio," Brigham Young University Studies 39 no. 4 (2000), 7–22. See also William G. Hartley, "Newel and Lydia Bailey Knight's Kirtland Love Story and Historic Wedding," Brigham Young University Studies 39 no. 4 (2000), 22–69.
↑ Richard S. Van Wagoner, Mormon Polygamy: A History (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1989), 7.
↑ Bradshaw, "Joseph Smith's Performance of Marriages in Ohio," 43, 45.
↑ Ohio's "Act Regulating Marriages," (1824); cited in Hartley, "Newel and Lydia Bailey Knight's Kirtland Love Story and Historic Wedding," 18.
↑ See Doctrine and Covenants (1835 edition), Section CI. . (In 1876, this section was eventually removed, and replaced with the plural marriage revelation as D&C 132.) We must remember that at this point in Church history, the concept of a "temple sealing" or "eternal" marriage was certainly not being taught, and may well not have even been known to Joseph Smith. All Church marriages at the time were what modern members would call "civil marriages," such as those performed by an LDS bishop today.
↑ Doctrine and Covenants (1835 edition), Section CI [DC 101:1].
↑ Newel Knight, Autobiography and Journal, LDS Church Archives, folder one, [45] in Hartley, "Newel and Lydia Bailey Knight's Kirtland Love Story and Historic Wedding," 18.
↑ Lydia's history says that Newel "endeavour[ed] to show her that according to the law she was a free woman, having been deserted for three years with nothing provided for her support." – See Hartley, "Newel and Lydia Bailey Knight's Kirtland Love Story and Historic Wedding," 15; citing Susa Young Gates [as "Homespun"], Lydia Knight's History: The First Book of the Noble Women's Lives Series (Salt Lake City, Utah: Juvenile Instructor Office, 1883), 28.
↑ See Hartley, "Newel and Lydia Bailey Knight's Kirtland Love Story and Historic Wedding," page [citation needed]
↑ See Hendrik Harlog, Man & Wife in America: A History (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2000), 87; cited in Allen L. Wyatt, "Zina and Her Men: An Examination of the Changing Marital State of Zina Diantha Huntington Jacobs Smith Young," (Mesa, Arizona: FAIR, 2006 FAIR Conference).
↑ Beverly J. Schwartzberg, Grass Widows, Barbarians, and Bigamists: Fluid Marriage in Late Nineteenth-Century America (Santa Barbara, California: University of California at Santa Barbara Ph.D. dissertation, 2001), 51–52; cited in Wyatt, "Zina and Her Men."
↑ Hartley, "Newel and Lydia Bailey Knight's Kirtland Love Story and Historic Wedding," 18.
Retrieved from "https://www.fairmormon.org/answers/index.php?title=Polygamy_book/Illegal_marriages_in_Ohio&oldid=193100"
FairMormon is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing well-documented answers to criticisms of LDS doctrine, belief and practice.
About FairMormon
Donate to FairMormon
We are a volunteer organization. We invite you to give back.
Donate to us by shopping at Amazon at no extra cost to you. Learn how →
Copyright © 1997-2019 by The Foundation for Apologetic Information and Research, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
No portion of this site may be reproduced without the express written consent of The Foundation for Apologetic Information and Research, Inc.
Any opinions expressed, implied, or included in or with the goods and services offered by FairMormon are solely those of FairMormon and not those of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
FairMormon™ is controlled and operated by the Foundation for Apologetic Information and Research (FAIR)


Am I at risk for GERD?
Who is most likely to have GERD?
How does pregnancy increase my risk?
The hormone progesterone, which rises during pregnancy, can relax, or open, your lower esophageal sphincter, or LES. When it relaxes, or opens, it allows your stomach's contents to back up into your esophagus. In addition, GERD may result because as your uterus expands, it increases the pressure on the LES. For most women, GERD goes away after pregnancy.
How does asthma increase my risk?
There is the possibility that the severe coughing that often accompanies asthma may put pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter and cause reflux. On the other hand, asthma may be brought on by GERD. Although the research isn't conclusive, there is evidence that an asthma flare-up can be brought on when stomach contents reflux into the lungs. The acid irritates your breathing tubes, or bronchioles, leading to a temporary narrowing of the small airways in the lung, or bronchoconstriction, causing wheezing.
How does diabetes increase my risk?
Diabetes can slow your stomach's ability to empty during digestion. This condition, known as delayed gastric emptying, can contribute to GERD.
How does hiatal hernia increase my risk?
Hiatal hernia is a condition in which the upper part of your stomach pushes its way up through the muscle, called the diaphragm, which separates your chest from your abdomen. It's unclear, however, just how a hiatal hernia increases the likelihood that acid will reflux into your esophagus.
How does age increase my risk?
Older adults tend to have milder symptoms that occur more frequently. In spite of the milder symptoms, the frequency actually puts them at higher risk for more serious damage to their esophagus. Studies show that older Caucasian men, in particular, are more likely to have serious GERD.
Should I see a doctor about GERD?
What are the common symptoms of GERD?
What are the levels of GERD symptoms?


text:
Die Schlacht um Aschaffenburg fand im Verlauf des Zweiten Weltkriegs statt, sie umfasst die Kampfhandlungen im Frontabschnitt zwischen Hanau und Miltenberg und dauerte vom Sonntag, dem 25. März 1945 bis zum Dienstag der übernächsten Woche, dem 3. April 1945. Sie endete mit der Einnahme der unterfränkischen Stadt durch die 12.300 Mann starke 45. US-Infanteriedivision, wobei das 157. US-Infanterieregiment die Hauptlast der Kämpfe trug.

Die Verteidigung der Stadt übernahm zunächst das circa 5.000 Mann starke Kampfkommando Aschaffenburg (KKA) unter dem Oberbefehl des Kampfkommandanten Major Emil Lamberth.

Im gesamten Einsatzgebiet des deutschen LXXXII. Armeekorps, zwischen Hanau und Miltenberg, kämpften insgesamt 33.500 deutsche Soldaten. Diese waren wie folgt verteilt: KKA: 5.000 Mann; 413. Infanterie-Division: 10.000 Mann; 416. Infanterie-Division: 7.000 Mann; 256. Volksgrenadier-Division: 5.000 Mann; 36. Volksgrenadier-Division: 6.500 Mann.

Davon wurden 16.450 Soldaten unmittelbar in und um Aschaffenburg herum eingesetzt: KKA: 5.000 Mann; 413. ID: 3300; 256. VGD: 1650; 36. VGD: 6.500.

Den insgesamt 33.500 Mann des LXXXII. Armeekorps standen auf amerikanischer Seite am 30. März zwischen Hanau und Miltenberg fast 48.000 Mann gegenüber.

Sowohl auf deutscher als auch auf amerikanischer Seite hatte man nicht erwartet, dass die "Festung" Aschaffenburg so lange aushält.

Vorgeschichte
Nachdem im Herbst 1944 sowohl amerikanische als auch sowjetische Truppen die Reichsgrenzen überschritten hatten, wurde auch in Aschaffenburg der Volkssturm als letztes Mittel der Gegenwehr aufgestellt und am 12. November 1944 vereidigt. Das neu gebildete Volkssturmbataillon 15/1 wurde unter das Kommando des Steuerinspektors Lorenz Junker gestellt und in der Folge durch das Personal der Grenadier-Ersatz-und-Ausbildungs-Bataillons 106 in der Bois-Brûlé-Kaserne ausgebildet.

Zur gleichen Zeit wurde unter Oberstleutnant Ernst Bobisch die Festungsdienststelle Aschaffenburg gebildet. Diese sollte zunächst den Zustand der Wetterau-Main-Tauber-Stellung ermitteln und 106 Bunker im Bereich Aschaffenburg reaktivieren. Allerdings konnten nur wenige Stellungen mit Maschinengewehren bestückt werden, da das dafür vorgesehene Material nicht eintraf. In den darauf folgenden Gefechten dürften die Maschinengewehrstellungen daher keine signifikante Rolle gespielt haben. Die Bunkeranlagen dienten in der Karwoche 1945, das war die Woche vom 26. März bis Ostersonntag, den 1. April 1945, lediglich der vorübergehenden Unterbringung von Mannschaften und Material und hatten kaum Nutzen für die Verteidigung der Stadt.

Die eigentlichen Vorbereitungen zur Verteidigung der Stadt wurden jedoch erst Anfang März ausgelöst, als die Alliierten den Rhein erreichten. Die Stadt wurde am 5. März 1945 per Führerbefehl zur Festung erklärt und der Standortälteste Emil Lamberth zum Kampfkommandanten ernannt. Da sich die 3. und 7. US-Armee weiter Richtung Osten vorkämpften, wurde am 21. März mit dem Stichwort Gneisenau die Garnison der Stadt aus der Zuständigkeit des Ersatzheeres herausgelöst und dem Feldheer unterstellt. Weiterhin war damit die Herstellung der vollen Gefechtsbereitschaft befohlen. Zwei Tage später konnte Lamberths circa 5.000 Mann umfassende Garnison Einsatzbereitschaft melden. Die buntgemischte Truppe, bestehend aus ungarischen Infanteristen, Reserveoffizieren, Volkssturm sowie kaum ausgebildeten Ersatz- und Ausbildungseinheiten, besaß jedoch lediglich 1.700 Gewehre, 32 Maschinengewehre und nur wenige Panzerfäuste und Granatwerfer. Abgesehen davon verfügte sie über keine Panzer oder Panzerabwehrgeschütze. Ungeachtet dieser mehr als dürftigen Ausstattung hatte Lamberth Befehl, die Main-Linie zu halten. Ab dem 24. März gingen entlang des Ufers Sperrkompanien in Stellung. Um rasche Flussüberquerungen zu verhindern, sollten bei Aschaffenburg beide Mainbrücken zerstört werden. Außerdem wurden in Mainaschaff, im Schönbusch und am Südrand der Stadt, (zwischen dem Stengerts und dem Floßhafen) Verteidigungsstellungen ausgehoben.

Die US-Armee setzte bei Ebenheid nahe Miltenberg per Fallschirm zwei OSS-Agenten ab, welche sich als tschechische Fremdarbeiter ausgaben und per Anhalter nach Aschaffenburg gelangten. Sie lieferten beeindruckende Berichte aus der zerstörten Stadt.

Verlauf

Beginn der Kampfhandlungen (25. März)

Nachdem die 3. US-Armee bei Nierstein-Oppenheim den Rhein überquert hatte, stieß sie zügig in Richtung Osten vor und eroberte bereits am 24. März Darmstadt. Am Tag darauf meldete um 9 Uhr das deutsche Kommando aus dem 15 km westlich gelegenen Babenhausen Panzerangriffe von starken US-Kräften, woraufhin Lamberth alle wichtigen und geheimen Dokumente vernichten ließ.

Der Beobachtungsposten auf dem Schloss Johannisburg meldete am späten Vormittag des 25. März (ein Sonntag) erste Panzer auf der Darmstädter Straße westlich von Aschaffenburg. Laut den oben erwähnten OSS-Agenten löste dies bei der Stadtbevölkerung neben allgemeiner Panik überwiegend gemischte Gefühle aus. Einige schienen sich über das nahe Kriegesende zu freuen; andere waren verängstigt, weil sie nicht wussten, was sie erwartete. Die Verteidigungsvorbereitungen wurden von der Zivilbevölkerung augenscheinlich nicht gut aufgenommen.

Die drei anrückenden Panzerbataillone aus der 4. US-Panzerdivision unter Lieutenant Colonel Creighton W. Abrams hatten den Auftrag, die Ludwigsbrücke (heute Willigisbrücke) unbeschädigt einzunehmen. Der Plan schien aufzugehen. Die Panzer wurden zunächst nur mit leichten Waffen beschossen. Als der erste Sherman auf die Brücke fuhr, wurde er jedoch mit Panzerabwehrwaffen zerstört, woraufhin sich die US-Einheiten aus dem Uferbereich zurückzogen.

Parallel dazu rückte die etwa drei Kilometer südlich gelegene Nilkheimer Eisenbahnbrücke in den Fokus der US-Streitkräfte. Der Aufklärungszug der 10. US-Panzerdivision stürmte unter geringem deutschem Feuer die Mainquerung, trennte die Zündkabel der Sprengsätze durch und warf diese in den Main. Dabei erhielten sie von den anrückenden Kräften der 4. US-Panzerdivision Feuerschutz. Anschließend rückten drei Kompanien Infanterie, gefolgt von Halbkettenfahrzeugen, sowie mehreren Panzern des 37. US-Panzerbataillons über die Eisenbahnbrücke vor und errichteten auf der östlichen Mainseite einen Brückenkopf. Bereits gegen 12:30 Uhr gingen die Einheiten weiter gegen die deutschen Stellungen auf dem Bischberg und dem Erbig vor. Der amerikanische Angriff erfolgte so schnell, dass es den Deutschen zunächst nicht gelang die beiden Bauwerke zu sprengen. Erst rund eine Stunde später, um 13:26 Uhr, wurde die stadtnähere Ludwigsbrücke zerstört. Derweil scheiterten alle deutschen Bemühungen, die Nilkheimer Brücke zu sprengen. Am frühen Nachmittag unternahmen Pioniere der Wehrmacht einen Gegenangriff auf den etwa acht Quadratkilometer großen Brückenkopf der US-Armee; dieser wurde zurückgeschlagen. Auch Luftangriffe mit einem neuartigen Messerschmitt-Jagdbomber blieben wirkungslos.

Abrams erkannte die Bedeutung des Brückenkopfes und schickte alle verfügbaren Einheiten in das eroberte Gebiet östlich des Mains. Bereits am Nachmittag versuchten die Amerikaner, den etwas südlich von Aschaffenburg zwischen Feldern gelegenen Stadtteil Schweinheim mit starken Infanterie- und Panzerkräften zu erobern. Dabei wurden sie durch Artillerie unterstützt. Sie scheiterten am starken Widerstand und zogen sich schließlich auf die Stellungen am Erbig, dem Sternberg und dem Bischberg zurück. Bei dem Gefecht verloren die Amerikaner mehrere Panzer und es kam zu erbarmungslosen Mann-gegen-Mann-Kämpfen. Dieser kurze Erfolg der Wehrmacht trug nicht zur Entschärfung der aussichtslosen Lage der Lamberthschen Kräfte bei. Noch vor dem Einbruch der Dunkelheit rückten die westlich des Mains befindlichen Einheiten nordwärts in Richtung Aschaffenburg vor. Verfügbare Einheiten, die nicht auf dem östlichen Mainufer ihre Stellungen bezogen hatten, gingen gegen die isolierten deutschen Stellungen im Park Schönbusch vor. Am Ende des Tages war es ihnen gelungen, die einzige intakte Brücke auf einer Strecke von etwa 90 km zwischen Frankfurt am Main und Miltenberg zu erobern und zu halten – allerdings unter Verlust von vier Panzern und mehreren verletzten und gefallenen Soldaten.

Der Oberbefehlshaber der 7. Armee, General Hans Felber, zeigte sich besorgt über die Lage und reiste nach Aschaffenburg, um mit Lamberth die Lage zu besprechen. Dabei versprach er der isolierten Garnison Unterstützung durch das LXXXII. Armeekorps. Während die Verstärkung herangeführt wurde, bauten die Garnisonskräfte ihre südlichen Stellungen aus. Gleichzeitig forderte der Kampfkommandant von seinen Männern den Kampf bis zum letzten Mann ein. Um dies zu bekräftigen, schickte das NS-Regime zwei NS-Funktionäre nach Aschaffenburg in die Jägerkaserne. Diese fällten als Standgericht im Laufe des neuntägigen Gefechts vierzig Todesurteile.

Taktische Pause und Durchbruch der Task Force Baum (26. März und 27. März)

Beide Seiten erkannten die strategische Bedeutung der Eisenbahnbrücke; die Schlacht um Aschaffenburg entwickelte sich zu einem Brennpunkt der Kämpfe entlang der Mainlinie. Eine operative Pause wurde von beiden Seiten zu Truppenverlegungen genutzt. Einheiten der 4. US-Panzerdivision hatten bislang die Aufgabe gehabt, sich auf den Erhebungen östlich des Flusses einzugraben und Gegenangriffe abzuwehren. Sie hatten aber nicht genug Kampfkraft, um Aschaffenburg einzunehmen. Ferner kam es auf Seiten der Amerikaner zu einer Nordverschiebung, weshalb Aschaffenburg ab dem 26. März nicht mehr im Zuständigkeitsbereich der 3., sondern der 7. US-Armee lag. Die Panzereinheiten sollten daher abgelöst werden und anschließend zu den übrigen Kräften ihrer Division im Raum Hanau (etwa 30 km flussabwärts) aufschließen, um dort erneut den Main zu überschreiten. Auf Seiten der Deutschen wartete man auf das Eintreffen der 8.000 Mann starken 36. Volksgrenadier-Division, um mit den frischen Einheiten den Brückenkopf zurückzuerobern und die Mainlinie zwischen den Gemeinden Kleinostheim, etwa fünf Kilometer nördlich von Aschaffenburg, und Kleinwallstadt, im Süden der Stadt, zu sichern.

Die nur durch kleinere Schusswechsel unterbrochene Ruhe des Tages endete am Abend. General Patton erkannte die Bedeutung des Brückenkopfs für eine von ihm geplante Operation, die seinen Schwiegersohn Lieutenant Colonel John K. Waters aus einem Kriegsgefangenenlager in Hammelburg befreien sollte. Der mit 53 Fahrzeugen, darunter 16 Panzern und 28 Halbkettenfahrzeugen, sowie etwa 300 Infanteristen geführte Angriff begann um 20:30 Uhr mit einem 30-minütigen Artillerieangriff auf die Schweinheimer Stellungen. Der anschließende Angriff der US-Kräfte stieß auf enormen Widerstand. Die deutschen Einheiten interpretierten den US-Vorstoß als Versuch, die Stadt einzukesseln, und schickten daher alle verfügbaren Einheiten in das Gefecht.

Zur Unterstützung der Task Force Baum sollten mehrere US-Teileinheiten die Würzburger Straße und die Schweinheimer Straße freikämpfen. Beim Durchbruch durch Schweinheim verloren die Amerikaner insgesamt sechs Panzer. Die deutschen Stellungen konnten erst nach drei Stunden durchbrochen und der Weg über die 6 km südöstlich von Aschaffenburg gelegene Gemeinde Haibach fortgesetzt werden. Die Kolonne rückte anschließend ohne nennenswerten Widerstand über die Reichsstraßen 8 und 26 nach Hammelburg vor. Erst nachdem die 1.400 Lagerinsassen befreit wurden, erkannte das US-Kommando die aussichtslose Lage. Die meisten US-Soldaten gingen in deutsche Kriegsgefangenschaft; nur sieben Mann kehrten hinter die eigenen Linien zurück.

Auf dem Schlachtfeld um Aschaffenburg kam es am 27. März zu einigen Umgruppierungen der Alliierten: Am Brückenkopf wurden die Panzerdivisionen abgelöst. Der Kommandeur der 45th Infantry Division Major General Robert T. Frederick stellte dem 157. US-Infanterieregiment unter Colonel Walter P. O'Brien die Aufgabe, Aschaffenburg einzunehmen.

Wiederaufnahme der Kampfhandlungen (28. März)

Bis zum Morgen des 28. März bezogen die letzten Kräfte des 157. US-Infanterieregiments Stellung im Brückenkopf, der schon am Nachmittag mit einem Angriff auf die Obernauer Kolonie vergrößert wurde. Auch die übrigen Einheiten der 45. US-Infanteriedivision verteilten sich am späten Vormittag westlich des Mains zwischen Mainflingen und Großwallstadt. Angesichts dieses Aufmarsches mobilisierten NSDAP-Funktionäre und Kampfkommandant Lamberth die in der Stadt verbliebenen Einwohner und Soldaten für eine Verteidigung "bis zum letzten Mann". Um die Kontrolle zurückzuerlangen, wies die 7. Armee die 416. Infanterie-Division an, das Gebiet der 413. Ersatz-Division zu übernehmen. Besser ausgerüstet und ausgebildet übernahm sie die Führung der bereits im Feld stehenden und der noch eintreffenden kleineren Einheiten.

Unterdessen wurde die Zivilbevölkerung mit dem Hinweis, dass auch die Stadt selbst zum Kampfgebiet werden könnte, zum Verlassen der Stadt aufgefordert.
Daher befanden sich Anfang April nur noch rund 3.500 Aschaffenburger Bürger in der Innenstadt.

Die lang erwartete 36. Volksgrenadier-Division traf während dessen in Bessenbach ein und bereitete sich von dort aus auf einen Gegenangriff auf den Brückenkopf vor.

Vorstoß nach Schweinheim und Gegenangriff der 36. Volksgrenadier-Division (29. März und 30. März)

In der Nacht auf den 29. März hatten beide Seiten mit kleineren Vorstößen die gegnerischen Linien sondiert. Am Morgen, um 7:30 Uhr, gingen schließlich das zweite und dritte Bataillon des 157. US-Infanterieregiments gegen den Stadtteil Schweinheim vor. Der Angriff des zweiten Bataillons geriet dabei frühzeitig ins Stocken, so dass es um Unterstützung beim 191. US-Panzerbataillon bat, mit dessen Hilfe es den Alliierten schließlich gelang, sich festzusetzen. Bei den zumindest in Kompaniestärke vorgetragenen Gegenangriffen wurde die Wehrmacht laut Schilderung der US-Soldaten durch die Zivilbevölkerung unterstützt und erlitt – bisweilen innerhalb weniger Minuten – erhebliche Verluste in den Häuserkämpfen. Zeitgleich überquerten die Alliierten über eine Pontonbrücke mit weiteren Einheiten den Main.

Der immer wieder hinausgezögerte Angriff der 36. Volksgrenadier-Division begann schließlich in der Nacht vom 29. auf den 30. März. Regimenter der Wehrmacht-Division drangen von Soden und Gailbach aus unter schweren Verlusten in Richtung Obernau vor und machten anfänglich große Gebietsgewinne, bis sie wegen der Übermacht der hinzueilenden Alliierten bis zum Mittag den Rückzug antreten mussten. Ausgelöst dadurch verlegten das 179. und das 180. US-Infanterieregiment  zunächst in Richtung Osten und in den folgenden Tagen Richtung Nordosten. Die schwer angeschlagene 36. Volksgrenadier-Division zog sich nach dem misslungenen Angriff weiter in Richtung Südosten zurück.

Die "Festung" Aschaffenburg war damit von den Kräften des südlich von Obernau positionierten 83. Armeekorps abgeschnitten und drohte, durch Alliierte vollends eingeschlossen zu werden. Die erbarmungslosen Häuserkämpfe im Stadtteil dauerten indes an. Colonel O'Brien schickte daher sein Reservebataillon ins Gefecht. Unterstützt wurden die eingreifenden Soldaten dabei von den 90 Geschütze zählenden Divisionsartillerien der 44. und 45. US-Infanteriedivision. Da sich die Situation nicht entspannte, wurden schließlich alle Geschütze, auch die der Jagdpanzer des 645. US-Panzerjägerbataillons, angewiesen, das Feuer auf den Stadtteil zu eröffnen. Dabei wurden alleine 25 Schuss auf einen Spähposten in der katholischen Kirche Maria Geburt abgefeuert. Bedingt durch den asymmetrischen Widerstand der Deutschen mussten die Amerikaner den Stadtteil Haus für Haus einnehmen. Trotz massiver Luftunterstützung durch das 64. US-Jagdgeschwader (64th Fighter Wing) gegen 18 Uhr gelang den US-Truppen bis zum Ende des Tages nicht, den gesamten Stadtteil unter Kontrolle zu bekommen.

Der Kreis schließt sich (31. März und 1. April)
Nördlich der Stadt überquerten am Samstag, den 31. März die Kräfte der 44. US-Infanteriedivision den Main bei Kleinostheim und rückten nach Süden bis Mainaschaff vor. Während das zweite Bataillon der Alliierten den Südbahnhof in Aschaffenburg einnahm, brach das 157. US-Infanterieregiment bis 17 Uhr den letzten militärischen Widerstand in Schweinheim. Die US-Einheiten versuchten nun handstreichartig die östlich an Schweinheim angrenzende Artillerie- und Bois-Brûlé-Kasernen einzunehmen, mussten die Bemühungen jedoch bereits um 17:30 Uhr abbrechen: Sie zogen sich zunächst zurück und beschossen die Kasernen mit Panzern, Artillerie und Jagdbombern.

Der massive Einsatz von Artilleriegeschützen und Jagdbombern bestimmte auch den Folgetag. Jedes der bis zu acht eingesetzten amerikanischen Artilleriebataillone verschoss allein am Karsamstag 400 Granaten der Kaliber 105 beziehungsweise 155 mm. Hinzu kamen 100 t Bomben, 300 4,5-Zoll-Raketen und 200.000 Schuss 12,7-mm-Maschinengewehr-Munition, die in 176 Jagdbombereinsätzen auf die Stadt herabregneten. Die in der Stadt zurückgebliebenen Einwohner verbrachten die Tage und Nächte daher in ihren Luftschutzkellern. Da Aschaffenburg zu den Luftschutzorten erster Ordnung zählte, hatte es keine staatlichen Hilfen zur Errichtung von Luftschutzeinrichtungen erhalten; es gab nur wenige und kleine Bunkeranlagen.

Der personellen amerikanischen Übermacht und überlegenen Feuerkraft hatten die deutschen Soldaten nur noch wenig entgegenzusetzen. Deutsche Mörsereinheiten beschossen das mittlerweile von amerikanischen Einheiten besetzte Schweinheim mit etwa 1.000 bis 1.500 Granaten. Für einen Gegenangriff standen aber lediglich zwei Panzer zur Verfügung, die sehr schnell abgeschossen waren. Einer der beiden Panzer war von den Alliierten zuvor beim Durchbruch der Task Force Baum erbeutet worden. Trotz der aussichtslosen Lage war Kampfkommandant Lamberth noch nicht gewillt zu kapitulieren. Ein mittags über dem Schloss Johannisburg abgeworfenes Ultimatum blieb unbeantwortet.

Das letzte Hindernis, welches der Einschließung des Stadtzentrums noch entgegen stand, war das zwischen Kernstadt und Schweinheim gelegene Kasernenviertel. Während am Südrand der Stadt heftig gekämpft wurde, umging das 157. US-Infanterieregiment die Kasernen, indem es südöstlich der Stadt über den Stengerts nach Haibach verlegte. Um das Kasernenviertel zu stürmen, feuerten am Ostersonntag (1. April) amerikanische Artilleriegeschütze stundenlang auf die Artilleriekaserne. Ein erster Angriff der K-Kompanie des 3. Bataillons wurde jedoch durch deutsches Maschinengewehrfeuer um 13 Uhr abgewehrt. Anschließend wurde der Angriff durch Panzerverbände vorgetragen, welche die Keller der Kaserne mit Phosphorgranaten beschossen. Dem Häuserkampf im darauffolgenden, zweiten Infanterieangriff konnten die etwa 100 deutschen Verteidiger nicht lange standhalten und mussten sich schließlich geschlagen geben. Auf gleiche Weise wurde bis 17 Uhr die Bois-Brûlé-Kaserne erobert, bevor das Bataillon schließlich, entlang der Würzburger Straße, stadteinwärts Richtung der Lagarde-Kaserne und Jägerkaserne vorrückte.

Derweil ging das 2. Bataillon gegen die Pionierkaserne vor. Diese kontrollierte zwar die stadteinwärts verlaufende Schweinheimer Straße, konnte aber von der südlich gelegenen Schweinheimer Höhe eingesehen und beschossen werden. Die zwei von US-Soldaten auf der Anhöhe in Stellung gebrachten 155-mm-Haubitzen beschossen die Kaserne am Vormittag mit über 100 Granaten. Am Nachmittag war schließlich der größte Teil der Kaserne unter amerikanischer Kontrolle.

Durch die massiven Angriffe häuften sich die Verluste und Ausfälle auf deutscher Seite. Alleine am 1. April gingen über 1.000 Soldaten und Volkssturmmänner in Kriegsgefangenschaft. Die Garnison war von anfänglich 5.000 Mann auf nunmehr 800 Mann geschrumpft und kaum noch zu effektivem und organisiertem Widerstand in der Lage.

Kapitulation der Garnison (2. April und 3. April)
Am Ostermontag fielen die Lagarde- und die Jägerkaserne ebenfalls unter amerikanische Kontrolle. Das letzte Widerstandsnest in der Jägerkaserne kapitulierte schließlich am Nachmittag. Der NSDAP-Kreisleiter Wilhelm Wohlgemuth und die beiden Beauftragten der Parteikanzlei flohen am Nachmittag aus der Stadt in Richtung Johannesberg, unmittelbar bevor es den US-Truppen gelang, den Kessel um die Stadt zu schließen.

Am Morgen des 3. April erkannten Lamberth und seine Kommandeure schließlich die Aussichts- und Sinnlosigkeit weiteren Widerstands an. Kurz nachdem die US-Einheiten um 6:30 Uhr den Angriff auf das Stadtzentrum begonnen hatten, entsandte Lamberth einen Parlamentär, um über eine Kapitulation zu verhandeln. Der US-Kommandeur Colonel O'Brien lehnte jede Verhandlung ab. Er verlangte, dass bis 8 Uhr auf allen Türmen des Schloss Johannisburg weiße Fahnen angebracht werden und drohte andernfalls mit der Wiederaufnahme des Angriffs. Um 9 Uhr kapitulierte Lamberth schließlich vor Lieutenant Colonel Felix Sparks, dem Befehlshaber des 3. US-Bataillons des 157. US-Infanterieregiments, und fuhr anschließend durch Aschaffenburg, um seine Entscheidung seinen noch verbliebenen Männern zu verkünden. Gegen 13 Uhr war Aschaffenburg komplett unter der Kontrolle der US-Truppen. Die Wehrmacht berichtete knapp: "Aschaffenburg ging verloren".

Folgen

Beginn der US-Militärregierung

Unmittelbar nach dem Ende der Schlacht übernahm eine provisorische Militärregierung am Dienstag, den 3. April Aschaffenburg. Mit dem Ende der Kampfhandlungen kehrten im Lauf des Monats auch viele Aschaffenburger wieder zurück in die zerstörte Stadt. Neben den Einheimischen strömten auch viele DPs in die Stadt und wurden zum größten Teil in den leerstehenden Kasernen am Stadtrand untergebracht. Hier bildeten sich, trotz der Militärpräsenz und des schrittweisen Aufbaus einer Polizeibehörde, unbeherrschbare Ghettos und Banden, welche die städtische Bevölkerung ausraubten und terrorisierten. So kam es im Zeitraum von der Kapitulation bis September des gleichen Jahres in der mittelgroßen Stadt zu 18 Morden. Um der Lage Herr zu werden, wurden teilweise Ausgangssperren verhängt.

Zerstörung, Verluste und Gefangene

 Von den ursprünglich etwa 4.600 Gebäuden in der Stadt waren 1.000 vollständig und weitere 3.000 teilweise zerstört, dazu hatte besonders der Luftangriff am 21. November 1944 beigetragen.
 Angaben über personellen Verluste gehen weit auseinander. Laut Stadtmüller beliefen sich die amerikanischen Verluste auf etwa 3.000, die deutschen auf 1.620 tote und verwundete Soldaten. Schillare nennt jedoch bei den amerikanischen Verlusten deutlich geringere Zahlen. Er schätzt die US-Verlustzahlen auf mindestens 20 Tote und 300 Verwundete. Dies dürfte jedoch aufgrund der langen Gefechtsdauer und den intensiven Kämpfen viel zu gering liegen.
 Bei den Kampfhandlungen um Gailbach starben 28 deutsche Soldaten.
 Ferner gingen beim Gefecht am Untermain insgesamt 3.500 deutsche Soldaten in Kriegsgefangenschaft, 2.941 direkt in Aschaffenburg.
 Weiterhin wurden über 20 amerikanische Panzer abgeschossen oder durch die Deutschen erbeutet.

Weblinks

 Aufnahmen der vorrückenden Amerikaner in der größtenteils zerstörten Stadt auf YouTube (Deutscher Kommentar)
 ibiblio.org: The last Offensive (Kap. 18), S. 410 ff.

Literatur
 Christian Th. Müller, Hans-Bernd-Spies (Hrsg.): Aschaffenburg als amerikanischer Militärstandort, VDS Verlagsdruckerei Schmidt, ISBN 978-3-87965-128-3
 Quentin W. Schillare: Battle of Aschaffenburg: An Example of Late World War II Urban Combat in Europe. (Masterarbeit, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1989), Digitalisat, Nachdruck bei Biblioscholar.

Einzelnachweise

Geschichte (Aschaffenburg)
Deutschland im Zweiten Weltkrieg
Aschaffenburg
Westfront 1944–1945
Endphase des Zweiten Weltkriegs
Konflikt 1945
Militärgeschichte der Vereinigten Staaten (Zweiter Weltkrieg)
Ereignis in Deutschland
Bayerische Geschichte (20. Jahrhundert)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Jury deliberates in Kim Potter trial over Daunte Wright's death
ABC News 12/23/2021
Kim Potter trial
ABC News See more videos
Sen. Blumenthal on Russian aggression towards Ukraine
NY AG alleges evidence of fraud at Trump business
U.S. will prevent Russian aggression in Ukraine: Blinken
Biden administration to distribute 400 million N95 masks, the largest PPE rollout in U.S. history
Immigration reform and border policy, a year into Biden's presidency
Airlines delay and cancel flights despite Telecom companies delaying 5G rollout near airports
Biden gets an 'F' from 37 percent in new one-year performance poll
Nina Turner: Manchin and Sinema are 'extremists'
VIDEO: Trump voters explain why they want him back
Trey Gowdy on Gov. Youngkin receiving praise for quick action: He's doing what he said he was going to do
Sen. Rob Portman: Russian invasion of Ukraine would be a 'terrible mistake' as border tension mounts
Zemmour visits former Calais 'jungle', protesters turn out
Sen. Blumenthal on Russian aggression towards Ukraine "We need to start these economic sanctions now rather than waiting until after there is a potential invasion [from Russia]," Sen. Blumenthal, D-CT, says. MSNBC
Bodycam footage shows California police responding to 2018 Thousand Oaks mass shooting Bodycam footage released shows California police responding to the 2018 mass shooting at the Borderline Bar in Thousand Oaks that left a dozen people dead. NBC News
U.K. Parliament continues to grill Boris Johnson over breaking coronavirus rules British Prime Minister Boris Johnson continued to confront questions from Parliament on Jan. 19 over his government's flouting of coronavirus restrictions. The Washington Post
The trial of former Brooklyn Center Police Officer Kim Potter charged in the death of Daunte Wright, a 20-year-old Black man who was fatally shot during a traffic stop, continues with Potter taking the stand to testify in her own defense.
Potter, 49, is charged with first-degree and second-degree manslaughter in the April 11 incident. She has pleaded not guilty to both charges.
© Court TV via AP, Pool A screen grab from police video which shows the traffic stop during which Daunte Wright is fatally shot by Brooklyn Center Police Officer Kim Potter (not visible in this frame) in Minneapolis, Dec. 8, 2021.
MORE: Former officer Kim Potter set to go on trial in death of Daunte Wright
© Jim Mone/AP Signs stand on the south lawn, Nov. 30, 2021, at the Hennepin County Government Center in Minneapolis where jury selection begins for former police officer Kim Potter, who shot and killed motorist Daunte Wright.
The maximum sentence for first-degree manslaughter is 15 years and a $30,000 fine and for second-degree manslaughter, it's 10 years and a $20,000 fine.
Wright's death reignited protests against racism and police brutality across the U.S., as the killing took place just outside of Minneapolis, where the trial of Derek Chauvin, a former officer who was convicted of murdering George Floyd, was taking place.
Dec 22, 7:15 PM
Jury wraps for 3rd day without asking any questions
The third day of deliberations in the trial of Kim Potter ended Wednesday evening as it began: very quietly.
The jury asked no new questions, after asking the judge Tuesday afternoon what would happen if they can't agree on a verdict. Judge Regina Chu told them to go back and keep trying.
The jury has spent about 24 hours in deliberation over the course of three days.
Deliberations are expected to resume at about 10 a.m. ET on Thursday. In the event a verdict has not been reached by the end of Thursday, it's expected that the court will take Christmas Eve off, as well as this coming weekend.
-ABC News' Sasha Pezenik
Jury ends 2nd day of deliberations
The jury has ended their deliberations for the day and is expected to reconvene Wednesday morning at 9 a.m. CT.
Tuesday marked the jury's first full day of deliberations, following the initial deliberations Monday afternoon that lasted roughly five hours.
In the event a verdict has not been reached by the end of Thursday, the court is expected to take Friday -- Christmas Eve -- off, as well as this coming weekend.
Judge Regina Chu has repeatedly promised the jury they won't be stuck in deliberation for the holiday "no matter what." If deliberations go past Thursday, they may not pick back up again until the following Monday, Dec. 27.
— ABC News' Sasha Pezenik
Jury asks question about not reaching consensus
The jury asked two questions at 5 p.m. ET.
"The first question is: 'If the jury cannot reach consensus, what is the guidance around how long and what steps should be taken?'" Judge Regina Chu read.
She then re-read some of the juror instructions.
"You should discuss the case with one another and deliberate with a view toward reaching an agreement if you can do so without violating your individual judgment," Chu said. "You should decide the case for yourself but only after you have discussed the case with your fellow jurors and have carefully considered their views."
She added, "You should not hesitate to reexamine your views and change your opinion if you believe they are erroneous, but you should not surrender your honest opinion, simply because other jurors disagree or merely to reach a verdict."
The jury also asked if the zip ties can be removed from Potter's gun, which has been submitted as evidence so it can be held out of the evidence box.
Chu said yes.
Dec 21, 10:29 AM
Jury deliberations resume
The jury has reconvened for its second day of deliberations. The court will not be called into session Tuesday morning.
Jury ends deliberations for the day
The jury has ended deliberations for the day after approximately five hours. They will resume Tuesday morning.
During these deliberations, the jury is fully sequestered. They will be allowed to call family members so long as they don't talk about the trial.
Jury asks about psychologist's interview with Potter
Jurors collectively asked the judge what the date was of Kim Potter's interview with Dr. Laurence Miller, a psychologist who served as a defense witness.
"All the evidence is in," Judge Regina Chu told the jury. "So you should rely on your collective memory as to what the evidence is."
Miller interviewed Potter after the April 11 fatal shooting of Daunte Wright.
Prosecutors wanted to question Miller about the interview, but Chu sustained the defense's objection against the line of questioning.
© Court TV, via AP, Pool Former Brooklyn Center Police Officer Kim Potter testifies in court in Minneapolis, Dec. 17, 2021.
The interview was brought up by the prosecution in the cross-examination of Potter on the witness stand.
Prosecutor Erin Eldridge asked Potter about the differences between her answers in her interview with Miller and her testimony on the stand.
Eldridge asked Potter why she told Miller she didn't know why she decided to use her stun gun, when she testified before the jury that she used it because she saw fear on an accompanying officer's face.
Eldridge also asked Potter about telling Miller that she saw her gun in her right hand during the incident, though Potter testified that she did not remember much about the incident.
"I was distraught," Potter responded. "I wasn't in a good place."
Eldridge also asked Potter about her resignation following the shooting, in which Potter told Miller that she did it to "protect her police family."
Jury deliberations begin
Judge Regina Chu has read the instructions to the jury and they will now deliberate on the charges of first- and second-degree manslaughter against former Brooklyn Center officer Kim Potter.
Included in the instructions are reminders of unconscious bias: "We all have feelings, assumptions, perceptions, fears, and stereotypes about others," Chu read to the jury. "Some biases we are aware of and others we might not be fully aware of, which is why they are called 'implicit' or 'unconscious biases.'"
"The law demands that you make a fair decision, based solely on the evidence, your individual evaluations of that evidence, your reason and common sense, and these instructions," Chu read from the instructions.
Prosecution, defense spar on Sgt. Mychal Johnson's testimony
In closing arguments, the defense said that Kim Potter was within her rights to use deadly force against Daunte Wright because he could have hurt another police officer with his car.
The defense claims Wright could have driven off, dragging Sgt. Mychal Johnson.
"What would have happened to Johnson? The worst would be death if he took off like he did -- like a jet," defense attorney Earl Gray said.
"[Potter] said she saw Johnson, that she saw him and he had a look on his face she'd never seen," Gray added. "That was right before she said 'Taser, Taser.'"
© Pool/AP Defense attorney Earl Gray delivers closing arguments, Monday, Dec. 20, 2021, in former Brooklyn Center police Officer Kim Potter's trial for the April 11, 2021, death of Daunte Wright, at the Hennepin County Courthouse in Minneapolis, Minn.
The prosecution argues there is no evidence that shows Potter was using force for Johnson's protection or that Johnson was afraid for his life.
"Johnson was clearly not afraid of being dragged," said prosecutor Matthew Frank. He never said he was scared. He didn't say it then. And he didn't testify to it in court."
Prosecutors said Johnson wasn't halfway into the car at the time of the shooting, and that he was "all the way over to the passenger side securing Mr. Wright's right arm."
Prosecutors also pointed to Potter's reaction after the shooting, when she sobbed on the ground and said she would be going to jail in the body camera footage.
"When Sergeant Johnson said 'he was trying to drive away with me in the car,' which isn't even true, but he offered that to her and she didn't even bite on it," Frank told jurors. "She was so caught up in recognition of the wrongfulness of her own conduct."
Dec 20, 12:57 PM
Defense tells jury that state has the burden of proof
Defense attorney Earl Gray told the jury to remember that "your constitutional duty is to presume Kim Potter innocent. And before you can find her guilty, you must find each and every element of the charges is proven beyond a reasonable doubt."
It is on the prosecution to prove Potter is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the defense to prove her not guilty, according to Gray and prosecutor Erin Eldridge. Gray argued throughout the trial that it was within Potter's right to use deadly force against a fleeing subject.
"The state must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant's use of deadly force was not authorized by law," Gray said. "You must presume that she had a right authorized use of deadly force, that she had a right to do it."
"This is the most important affair in the client's life," Gray said.
Defense argues that Wright caused his death
Defense attorney Earl Gray said that Daunte Wright, who was fatally shot during a traffic stop, caused his own death. Officers tried to arrest Wright, but he attempted to get back in his car to flee, police said.
"Wright realizes there's a warrant for his arrest, and he knows what he knows," Gray argued. "So within seconds, he all of a sudden breaks away. That's the cause, ladies and gentlemen of the jury. That's what caused this whole incident."
Wright was being arrested for an outstanding warrant on a gross misdemeanor weapons charge, according to authorities.
"Daunte Wright caused his death," Gray said during closing arguments Monday. "Everything the officers did, they did to try and restrain him try and stop him from leaving."
Click here to read the rest of the blog.
Go to MSN Home
More From ABC News
Senate braces for showdown over voting rights, filibuster rule
Biden to hold rare solo news conference ahead of 1-year mark in office
Microsoft Store Offers - Sponsored
The Highest Paying Cash Back Card Is Finally Here
This Stock Could Be Like Buying Amazon in 1997
Savvy Americans are moving their money to these banks
These are the best mortgage rates in your area
© 2022 Microsoft Privacy & Cookies Terms of use About our Ads Feedback Help MSN Worldwide MSN Blog About Us Editorial Standards


Nightstar shares were up 66% to $25.16 in trading Monday. Biogen's offer for Nighstar is $25.50 a share. Nightstar makes gene therapy treatments for choroideremia, a rare, inherated eye disease that leads to blindness.


A busy port in China had serious problems with carryback and the lifespan of their cleaner blades. It took 144 man hours per day to clear carryback that had developed under 34 conveyor structures. The port superintendent estimated the cost of clean-up to be almost 370,000 RMB in labor costs per year. Not only were the current cleaners failing to prevent carryback, but the blades themselves were not lasting more than six months.
The port superintendent felt helpless and asked Flexco to install MMP Medium Mine-Duty Precleaners and MHS Heavy-Duty Secondary Cleaners with C-Tips in the two main belt conveyor systems.
The Flexco cleaners immediately made a difference with carryback clean-up. Now, only one worker per day is assigned to clean around the conveyors, reducing clean-up time by 136 hours and reducing the cost of cleaning labor by 347,600 RMB. After almost one year of use, the cleaner blades are still in good working condition and the port has mounted Flexco cleaners on more than 30 additional belt conveyors.


Excess clutter can have a negative impact on your ability to focus and process information. There have many been studies done on this topic. No matter what your theory is regarding tidy desks I am sure if you spend more time looking for something than necessary it is going to cause you some frustration. Here are some tips on having a tidy desk.
Delete or archive any un-used files. A good Virtual Assistant can definitely help with this rather than you or one of your key people spending hours behind your computer. A messy computer causes the same frustration as 2. above.
Bathroom cupboards can cleaned out and old tired makeup removed. Here is a handy checklist on safe lengths of time to keep makeup. A good way to do this is move completely out of your bathroom and only move back .in what you use and is up-to-date.
Do this consistently and it will make a difference. You could even tick it off on a calendar when done.
Make it a rule to delete one before you add one. Out with the old and in with the new. This goes for everything. The principles of running a lean business and lean manufacturing can also be applied to other areas of life.
Let anything go from the past that no longer serves you. Contact us for some help with this.


Fish is probably the last thing I would order at a restaurant. I was never a fish lover, and until today, I am not a convert. Of all the fish dishes, steamed fresh water fish is my least favourite, because many restaurants tend to prepare it poorly. The fish often ends up with a muddy smell and taste, and I, with a frown.
On the other hand, Rif's mother loves eating fresh water fish such as tilapia and catfish, and would often invite me to go along for those meals with her. After a few trips, I finally found a steamed fish dish that I actually enjoyed – at Restoran Ah Soon, Sungai Buloh. This place is known for their steamed fish because they have a special way of preparing it.
The restaurant gets pretty crowded during lunch hour, so it's best to get there before noon. As I observed the surrounding, I spotted quite a number of office workers, construction workers and even businessmen dining there. We had steamed fish (RM22), wild boar curry (RM12), house special tofu (RM10) and stir fried assorted vegetables (RM12).
At Ah Soon, the steamed fish is cooked with plenty of ginger, bird's eye chilli, black fungus, bean curd sheets, tomatoes, salted vegetable and tofu puffs. The fragrant aroma from the broth made my mouth water when the waitress placed the dish on the table. I relished every sip of the broth, which complemented the freshness of the fish.
It was tangy from the tomatoes, sweet from the rice wine and slightly spicy from the chilli. We ordered some yau char kwai(deep fried crullers) to soak up the broth. I hate to admit this, but it was really delicious. This was possibly one of the best steamed fishes I've eaten! Another must-order dish is the wild boar curry. The wild boar slices had a tender yet firm bite, which were well-flavoured by the rich and piquant curry gravy. The gravy was fragrant from the spices and boasted a good balance of flavours — absolutely delicious with white rice. I regretted ordering a small plate. My health conscious mother would probably cringe at the sight of this, but if you asked me, a little bit of sinful food every now and then isn't that bad. The house tofu was very smooth and egg-y, with a slightly bouncy texture. Lightly garnished with minced pork, spring onions, special sauce and sesame oil, we all enjoyed this. My only complaint is the small portion; the tofu was about the size of my palm! Topped with shredded cuttlefish, the stir fried assorted vegetables had a crunchy texture. I especially liked the combination of lotus roots and peanuts. Simple, yet delicious. All in, I enjoyed the lunch and prices were reasonable. While fish still isn't my favourite thing to eat, I wouldn't mind eating Ah Soon's steamed fish every now and then. For my next visit, I'm planning to try the curry chicken bun and their other steamed fish dishes. Now, I just need to round up a few makan buddies to go with me. Steamed fish, anyone?
Verdict: The food was good, and service was fast. I'll definitely come back to try more dishes.
DITTO! If not for the Missus, I would NEVER order fish.
Julian – Hahaha…but this one is good!


Welcome to Fairmont! A neighbourhood nestled in the southeast end of London, Ontario. Although this district is farther from the city centre, it provides a safe, comfortable and welcoming feel for all residents. The location is exceptional as its boundaries are defined by two bodies of water – the Thames River and Pottersburg Creek. Residents are away from the hustle and bustle of the city but have quick access to everything via Hamilton Road and the intersection of Highbury Avenue and Trafalgar Street.
The properties available in Fairmont vary, but homes are generally smaller in size. Buyers in this area can expect large lots and row housing, duplexes, side splits, single detached houses and bungalows. There are many cul-de-sacs throughout the neighbourhood which minimise traffic and most yards are fenced; this ensures maximum privacy for most residents.
Families and pet-owners will enjoy this area of town which is surrounded by lush, built up greenery and has a country-living feel. Fairmont Park is centrally located in the neighbourhood and is complete with walking paths surrounded by an extensive oak forest. Residents with dogs also enjoy the Pottersburg Offleash Park, which is near the Thames River and the Meadowlily Trail. Attached to the Meadowlily Trail is East Park London, which is a golf course, and multi-recreational centre. East Park is a favourite London pastime that offers a ton of activities including a water park, go-karting and rock climbing. These activities make it the perfect destination for kids, especially during the summer holidays!
For general amenities within the Fairmont neighbourhood, look to the intersection of Highbury Avenue and Hamilton Road. Facilities here include a mix of big-box names and locally owned businesses. No Frills, Petro-Canada, Scotiabank, Howie's Pet Food Warehouse, Rico's Pizzeria, Tim Horton's, Subway and McDonald's are in this area – to name a few. In addition to necessary amenities, Fairmont is home to the YMCA Bob Hayward Branch. This centre is complete with an indoor pool, gym and playroom for children from three to five years of age.
This neighbourhood is perfect for small families and first-time homeowners. Fairmont is tucked away from the busyness of the downtown core but still provides quick access to major intersections – connecting it to the city at large. This neighbourhood is close to schools, parks and amenities – the perfect destination for potential buyers.