text:
FNS Vol.8 No.1 , January 2017
Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and Number of Comorbidities According to Differences in Household Income Levels in Japan: Analysis from National Health and Nutrition Survey
Chika Horikawa1,2, Nobuko Murayama1, Asami Ota1, Megumi Tsuruta2, Satoshi Matsunaga2, Kazuya Fujihara2, Osamu Hanyu2, Hirohito Sone2
1 Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, Niigata, Japan.
2 Department of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
Abstract: Though it has been reported that in Western developed countries socioeconomic status is associated with non-communicable diseases (NCD), there are sparse evidence from Japan, midst an income gap that has been pointed out in recent years. Therefore, we examined the presence or absence of NCD and the number of comorbidities according to household income in Japanese, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey of 2010. 1287 men and 1659 women aged 20 - 79 years from households at 3 income levels (<2, 2 - 5.9, ≥6 million yen) were analyzed. Participants completed questionnaires regarding whether they had been diagnosed with NCD, as well as undergoing clinical laboratory tests. Logistic regression analyses were used for statistical analysis with adjustment for age, gender, household size, and population of municipalities. The prevalences of participants with high, medium, and low income were 22.3%, 57.6%, and 20.2%, respectively. Participants with the lowest income had the highest odds of hypertension (OR [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.71 [1.29 - 2.26], p < 0.001), diabetes (1.50 [1.02 - 2.20], p = 0.041), and stroke (5.07 [2.04 - 12.60] p < 0.001). Additionally, prevalences of participants with 2 or 3 NCD (hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia) were 15.0% and 33.0% in high and low income levels, respectively. A low income could contribute to a high prevalence of NCD and large number of comorbidities among Japanese. Establishing a health policy in Japan is needed to enable an optimal health condition and lifestyle regardless of socioeconomic disparities.
Keywords: Non-Communicable Diseases, Comorbidities, Household Income, National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan
Socioeconomic disparities cause health disparities, such as those related to environmental exposures [1] , social environment [2] , psychological characteristics [3] , health care [4] , lifestyle [5] , and behavior [1] [6] and health disparities have become among the most serious problems on a global basis. According to some reports from Western developed countries, there showed that participants with low socioeconomic status have a high risk of obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease [7] [8] [9] , and mortality [10] . Once a disease has developed, the cost of medical care constrains a low- income individual's financial situation [11] and creates a vicious circle.
On the other hand, Japan is an Asian developed country that had relatively narrowed the gap between wealth and poverty compared to Western developed countries. About 30 years ago, it was declared that "almost all Japanese are middle-class" [12] , however, the widening of the household income gap in more recent years in Japan is now considered a social problem, and the Gini coefficient of income inequality has increased [13] . Because of the growing interest in the effect of socioeconomic differences on health, a question on household income was added to the questionnaire of the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) in 2010.
Providing a scientific basis for the income gap in the Japanese population is of immediate importance in order to develop effective health policies relevant to increasing healthy life expectancy and improving ones' quality of life, considering the number of persons with non-communicable diseases (NCD) and medical expenses in Japan have been rapidly increasing in the last ten years [14] [15] . As shown by previous studies in Japan, a low socioeconomic position and relative income deprivation were significantly correlated with high mortality rates caused by cardiovascular disease and cancer [16] [17] .
Nevertheless, evidence for the association between household income and the presence or absence of NCD is limited to studies based on household expenditures and relative income deprivation [18] [19] although NCD is a leading cause of death in Japan [20] . Moreover, there has been no evidence from research on the relationship between household income and number of comorbidities in Japan based on a nationwide setting. Therefore, we aimed this study to explore differences in the prevalence of NCD and the number of comorbidities according to household income from data of the NHNS.
2.1. Participants
Study participants were those who completed the NHNS. The NHNS, conducted in November 2010, included a lifestyle questionnaire survey, dietary intake survey, and physical examination. Participants aged from 1 year or older had measurements of height and weight and a dietary assessment and those aged 20 years or older additionally had blood tests and answered the question on household income. Detailed information regarding the NHNS were described elsewhere [21] . The NHNS is a survey conducted by the Japanese government based on the Health Promotion Law. Those administering this survey agreed to following the Declaration of Helsinki and the ethical guidelines for medical and health research involving human subjects stipulated by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan and the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Informed consent was obtained for all enrolled participants. The data obtained were published under the Statistics Act by the Japanese government. Our study was permitted to use the unlinkable anonymizing data by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare for the purpose of this study (ID 0813-2 approved on August 13, 2015). Participants in this study were 1287 men and 1659 women aged 20 - 79 years who completed the questionnaire, laboratory tests, and physical examination.
2.2. Assessments of Participants
Participants' characteristics were surveyed by a physical examination that included measurements of weight, height, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and laboratory tests to determine values for HbA1c, random blood glucose (RBG), serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), serum LDL-choles- terol (LDL-C), and serum triglycerides (TG). Screening status for NCD including hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), hypercholesterolemia (HC), stroke, and coronary heart disease (CHD) were obtained by self-reported questionnaires on whether participants had been diagnosed with any of those diseases and/or whether participants had been or were being treated with medication (antihypertensive agents, oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin, and cholesterol-lowering agents).
Household income per year was assessed by a question with four options (High: ≥6 million yen, Middle: 2 - 5.9 million yen, Low: <2 million yen, and "Don't know"). Households that had non-responders or responders who selected multiple options were excluded from the current analysis. Other assessments included household size and population of municipalities (cities with populations of ≥150,000, ≥50,000, <150,000, or <50,000).
Participants' characteristics were described as mean ±SD or percentage. The relationship of household income to clinical characteristics and nutritional intake were then examined using one-way ANOVA. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for whether participants had HT, diabetes, HC, stroke, or CHD. We also investigated ORs for the number of the following combinations of NCD according to household income level: HT and DM, HT and HC, DM and HC, and HT, DM, and HC. ORs were also investigated for stroke combined with 1 or more among HT, DM, and/or HC and CHD combined with at least 1 or more among HT, DM, and/or HC. Adjusted analyses were conducted with adjustment for age, gender, household size, and population of municipalities. All p values are two-sided, and the significance level is 0.05. All statistical analyses and data management were conducted using SPSS version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
Table 1 shows the characteristics of 2,946 participants according to household income.
Table 1. Characteristics of the participants according to household income: National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan, 2010.
a. One-way ANOVA was used. b. Chi-square test was used. Household income (yen): high (≥6 million), middle (≥2 million and <6 million) and low (<2 million).
Mean age of participants was 56.9 years and percentage of men was 43.7%. Participants in the low household income group were significantly older and had significantly lower BMI, higher SBP, higher RBG and HbA1c, lower HDL-C, and higher TG compared with those with high household income. There was a significant association between low household income and small household size and small population of municipalities.
Table 2 shows the ORs for NCD of the participants according to household income. In the logistic regression model where adjustments were made for age, gender, household size, and population size of municipalities, the lowest household income was associated with a significantly high prevalence of HT (OR [95% (CI)] = 1.71 [1.29 to 2.26], p < 0.001), DM (1.50 [1.02 to 2.20], p = 0.041), and stroke (5.07 [2.04 to 12.60] p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between household income and prevalence of HC (p for trend = 0.73). When the participants at the middle and low income levels were combined, these participants had a 2.02-fold prevalence of CHD compared with participants at a high income level (p = 0.045).
Table 3 shows the ORs for the number of prevalent NCD according to household
Table 2. Odds ratios for prevalence of non-communicable diseases among participants according to household income: National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan, 2010.
Abbreviations: confidence interval, CI; odds ratios, OR. Adjusted analyses were conducted with adjustment for age, gender, household size, and population size of municipalities.
Table 3. Odds ratios for number of non-communicable diseases among participants according to household income: National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan, 2010.
Abbreviations: confidence interval, CI; coronary heart disease, CHD; diabetes mellitus, DM; hypercholesterolemia, HC; hypertension, HT; odds ratios, OR. Adjusted analyses were conducted with adjustment for age, gender, household size, and population size of municipalities.
income level. The adjusted ORs for having HT and DM, HT and HC, and DM and HC among participants with a high income level compared with those with a low income level was 1.87 [1.12 to 3.11] (p = 0.017), 1.46 [1.05 to 2.04] (p = 0.025), and 1.86 [1.15 o 3.02] (p = 0.012), respectively. According to the presence of HT, DM, and HC, there was a significantly higher prevalence among participants at the low income level than at the high income level (HR [95%CI] = 1.99 [1.10 to 3.61], p = 0.024). The prevalence of having stroke and at least 1 among HT, DM, and HC in participants with a low income level was also significantly higher compared with those with a high income level (HR [95%CI] = 5.88 [2.08 to 15.0], p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between household income and prevalence of having CHD and at least 1 condition among HT, DM, and HC (p = 0.21).
Figure 1 shows the prevalences of HT, DM, and HC in participants according to household income level. The prevalences of participants with neither HT, DM, nor HC were 51.7%, 43.6%, and 30.6% in the high, middle, and low income level, respectively. As to having 1 disease among HT, DM, and HC, prevalences of participants at high, middle, and low income levels were 33.4%, 32.7%, and 36.4%, respectively. The prevalences of participants with 2 diseases among HT, DM, and HC were 12.3%, 18.5%, and 23.9%, and those with having all 3 diseases, HT, DM, and HC, were 2.7%, 5.0%, and 9.1% in the high, middle, and low income level, respectively.]
In this current study, we determined that there were differences in the prevalence of
Figure 1. Summary of prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia of participants according to household income level: National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan, 2010. Household income (yen): high (≥6 million), middle (≥2 million and <6 million) and low (<2 million). Abbreviations: coronary heart disease, CHD; diabetes mellitus, DM; hypercholesterolemia, HC; hypertension, HT.
NCD and the number of comorbidities according to household income in Japanese participants in the NHNS. High prevalence of NCD were observed in participants with a low household income, which supports previous reports from Western developed countries [7] [8] [9] . Of concern is that only 30.6% of participants with a low income was free from HT, DM, and HC, but more than half at the high income level was free from these diseases. Participants with multiple risk factors have a greater risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality [22] [23] [24] [25] . Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death after cancer [20] , therefore, proactive screening and control of NCD would be especially important for participants having a low income.
Although the current observational study could not reveal cause-effect relationships, plausible findings have been reported, suggesting reasons that a low household income is associated with NCD and a greater number of comorbidities. As for the association between income level and food intake in Japanese, we recently reported that household members with low and middle incomes had a significantly higher intake of cereals and a lower intake of vegetables, fruit, and fish compared with those with high incomes [26] . The price of grains and grain products is lower for supplying energy than foods such as fish, vegetables, and fruit according to market prices in Japan [27] . It is well known that vegetables and fruit are good sources of vitamins, minerals, and fiber, which are vital for maintaining health. For example, micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals, enable the optimal transformation of dietary energy sources such as carbohydrate, fat, and protein [28] . Vitamins, predominantly vitamins C and E, and carotenoids prevent organ damage by reactive oxygen species [29] [30] . Fibers slow gastric emptying and small bowel transit, interfere with the mixing of foodstuffs and digestive enzymes, and disrupt micelle formation [31] , and have been associated with improved glucose metabolism [32] . As to fish, it is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, and these essential fats significantly decrease blood pressure and reduce inflammatory processes, vasoconstriction, and platelet aggregation, all known to be antiatherogenic [33] [34] . On the other hand, high consumption of foods such as grains that contain a high percentage of carbohydrates promotes high serum glucose [35] and TG levels but also promotes low HDL-C and LDL-C levels [36] [37] because of the relative reduction of fat intake relevant to cholesterogenesis. Considering the features of nutrients relevant to each food group and our current study that showed those with a low income level had high cereal intake and low vegetable, fruit, and fish intakes, it can be speculated that the characteristics of the dietary intake of Japanese with a low income level were related to their blood pressure and blood test values and were responsible for the high prevalence of HT, DM, and stroke.
Additionally, previous reports showed an association with a low income level and fewer occasions of regular physical activity and chronic stress than among those with higher incomes [38] . It is well recognized that an increment in physical activity improves blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, and lipoproteins [39] , and that chronic stress has an impact on neurotransmission and metabolism, resulting in elevations in blood pressure and blood glucose and enhanced lipoprotein synthesis [40] . Factors other than dietary habits need consideration in order to decrease NCD in persons with low incomes.
Once blood pressure control or the metabolic balance worsens caused by inappropriate intake of carbohydrate, fat, or protein and micronutrients resulting from the factors noted above, compensatory regulation occurs in metabolism for other nutritional and/or neurotransmitter activities caused by hormonal secretion [41] [42] . Therefore, the above-mentioned suggest reasons for the elevated prevalence of participants having multiple NCD in those with low income levels compared with high income levels.
Previous studies reported that persons with multiple chronic diseases have fair or poor general health and high psychological distress and feel dissatisfied, unhappy, or terrible about their lives [43] [44] . Furthermore, participants with multiple diseases incurred higher medical costs over a long duration than those without or having only 1 disease [45] . Therefore, the financial situations of low-income individuals would go from bad to worse in the presence of illness. Support for good control of NCD and for preventing onset of other diseases should be developed for low income Japanese.
In an effort to improve nutritional intake and metabolic characteristics related to NCD for people with low household income, Western developed countries are already using various approaches such as teaching skills for coping with stress and improving relationship skills [46] , food aids such as food programs [47] , and health coaching for lifestyle-style habits and preventing chronic disease [48] [49] [50] . These strategies were reported to be effective for participants to acquire appropriate knowledge and motivation and improve metabolic characteristics [46] [48] [49] [50] . However, practical research regarding health and nutrition policies for low-income Japanese is sparse. Moreover, we clarified that Japanese with a low income tended to have high carbohydrate and low animal fat and protein intake unlike low-income Western people. These results would be caused by differences between Asian and Western people in racial and ethnic-specific lifestyles and culture including dietary habits. Further studies are needed considering racial and ethnic-specific dietary patterns and lifestyle characteristics to explore effective health and nutrition policies, including those in Japan.
The present study had several limitations. First, as a cross-sectional study rather than a longitudinal or intervention study, we could not conclude cause-effect relationships as to how household income differences would affect NCD. Second, the potential for bias, such as response to a questionnaire on household income and whether having diseases or not, cannot be ruled out entirely although those who created the NHNS were public health experts. Another limitation is that the NHNS that included the questionnaire about household income and prevalence of NCD was first performed in 2010; therefore, we could not compare responses to the NHNS of previous years. The same survey should be routinely performed to monitor domestic situations.
In conclusion, we determined from responses to the NHNS that differences in income level would contribute to a high prevalence of NCD and a number of comorbidities in Japanese. Based on preliminary findings, further study is required to establish health policies that would enable an optimal health condition and lifestyle regardless of socioeconomic disparities.
This work was supported by a Health and Labour Sciences Research Grant, Japan (Comprehensive Research on Life Style-Related Diseases Including Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus [H24-Jyunkankitou-Seisyu-Ippan-006]).
The research organizations that provided funding for this research did not have any role in the design and conduct of the study; correction, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest associated with this manuscript.
Cite this paper: Horikawa, C. , Murayama, N. , Ota, A. , Tsuruta, M. , Matsunaga, S. , Fujihara, K. , Hanyu, O. and Sone, H. (2017) Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and Number of Comorbidities According to Differences in Household Income Levels in Japan: Analysis from National Health and Nutrition Survey. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 8, 19-30. doi: 10.4236/fns.2017.81002.
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This year has been an especially wet one. New Years brought widespread floods through Missouri, Illinois and all the way down the Mississippi. January, February, and March brought more flooding in Texas. Even right now I am just getting back from Texas to respond to yet another flood in Bryan, TX. David Ricks of Disaster Care Ministry usually goes through 500 flood buckets in a single year, here we stand at the beginning of June, only half way through, and he has used up over 1000 of them! Flood response is a slow and expensive process.
Flood buckets are a fantastic way for a church to get their members involved in Disaster Response without getting their hands dirty. The basic concept behind a flood bucket is to put basic cleaning items that will be used to muck out a house and help to stop the spread of mold.
So I've piqued your interest. You want to put together some flood buckets. Maybe you think you can only put together a dozen or so of them. Awesome! They all help. If you have a flood in your community, that's 12 whole homes getting mucked out thanks to you. But how are you going to fund this project? Well here's my idea. You know that Fill the Boot Campaign that the Firemen do? What if you did a fill the bucket campaign at your congregation? Here's what it would look like.
You go on down to Home Depot and buy one single 5-gallon bucket, (just like you would buy when you assemble them) and put this downloadable label on the outside of it.
If you don't have the ability to print that out, send us an email at Disaster@lcms.org and I'll send you as many labels as you need.
Take that bucket and put it in the narthex of your church or in the hall of your school or on the counter at coffee hour and tell your congregation that you want to see that bucket flooded with the beginning of your church's disaster response fund. Even if you only raise $50, you can start to assemble a handful of flood buckets and that's a handful more prepared than you were before.
Once you've got that going, create a whole event around assembling flood buckets. Get your whole church together young and old, send a team out to home depot with the money to buy the supplies, have people back at church organizing it into an assembly and start cranking them out. Then form a bucket brigade to put them all safely in storage. Close off the day with Worship and a meal and you've just fulfilled your Mercy and Fellowship goals on the same day.
Interested in learning more about Flood Buckets? Send us an email at Disaster@lcms.org and join our new disaster response discussion Facebook group!


Tamaqua Mayor Nathan Gerace, left, congratulates Tom Rodgers after promoting him to the position of police corporal.
JILL WHALEN / STAFF PHOTO Tamaqua Mayor Nathan Gerace reads a proclamation promoting Michael Hobbs, right, to corporal in the police department during a Feb. 5 council meeting.
TAMAQUA — Two borough police patrolmen were promoted to the rank of corporal before council Tuesday evening.
Mayor Nathan Gerace read proclamations that upped Michael Hobbs and Thomas Rodgers to their new positions.
Council President David Mace congratulated the men, saying the promotions were well-deserved.
"This obviously reflects the number of years of excellent service you've given to the borough," Mace said.
In keeping with police news, Chief Henry Woods noted that Rodgers was scheduled to receive training in death investigations and child abuse through a free program offered by the Pennsylvania State Police. Another officer would train in on-scene collision and uniform crime reporting.
Council motioned to buy four Remington 12-gauge shotguns for the force at a cost of $1,705.64 from Ed's Sport Shop in Tamaqua. In addition, council added tactical lights for the guns at a cost of $992.01.
Councilman Ron Bowman commended Rodgers and Patrolman Tony Stanell for "thinking outside the box" because the two suggested selling the department's old shotguns for parts. The sale brought in almost enough money to cover the purchase of the new rifles.
In other business, council moved to advertise fines for sewer and garbage delinquents.
Borough Manager Kevin Steigerwalt said that during previous discussions, officials spoke about fining delinquents $10. After some thought, it was decided that a 10 percent penalty per quarter would be more feasible.
"The reason is because of multi-unit properties," he said. Some properties include eight to 10 units so fining owners a flat $10 fee equals "pennies," he noted.
"The idea is to get people to pay their bills on time," Steigerwalt said of the decision to change to a percentage-based penalty.
The penalties will begin March 1 for sewer and April 1 for garbage.


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Some Cogent Comments by Multi-Instrumentalist Scott Robinson on "Accessibility" and Music
Scott Robinson is an abundantly talented, much in demand multi-instrumentalist whose specialty is woodwinds, but who considers his main instrument the tenor saxophone. Scott has been featured recently in a Wall Street Journal article (click here to link to the article by Will Friedwald ) for his collection of unusual and rare instruments, some seemingly so large they seem to have been made for Giants-all of which he can amazingly play. He was also featured on a post at Doug Ramsey's fine blog Rifftides.
I first heard Scott with the Ron Horton and Tim Horner's Little Big Band where he was a member of a formidable horn section. The band was playing the adventurous music of pianist Andrew Hill in an inauspicious Community center in Teaneck , New Jersey, where Scott resides. His tenor playing blew me away that afternoon (see my review on All About Jazz of that performance by clicking here) and I was subsequently further impressed when I picked up a copy of his obscure album titled Magic Eye, a real gem
He is a fixture in the outstanding Maria Schneider Orchestra where he played Baritone saxophone, clarinet and bass clarinet on her 2007 Grammy Nominated album Sky Blue. He is a working as a member of both the Mingus Big Band and the Mingus Orchestra as well as many other varied projects.He has started his own production company aptly titled ScienSonic and he has been nominated several times in the category " player of instruments are in jazz" in the yearly Jazz Journalist Association Awards.
So when I recently wrote a review of Dave Anderson's latest album "Clarity" , describing it as an example of "...well played, accessible modern jazz." , I was both pleased and surprised to receive a comment from Scott which politely took me to task for being imprecise in my characterization. Scott has his own, very specific ideas of precisely what is and is not accessible jazz. His contention is that by using the word "accessible" to describe this music-music having the potential for a broader mass audience appeal- it creates the illusion that somehow more "adventurous or experimental music" -music to which Scott has a great affinity- is somehow less accessible or even worse "inaccessible", a notion with which he takes umbrage. With Scott's permission I have posted our back and forth correspondence on this with the thought that it might stimulate some further discussion. Suffice it to say he makes a cogent argument, one that I thought would be of interest to all.
Scott's Comment to me: July 26. 2010
"Nicely done...
Gotta say, though, I've come to hate that term "accessible". It's really a way of putting down other music, deemed "inaccessible", as if it is somehow just impossibly removed from anyone's reach. The idea that adventurous music is somehow "inaccessible" is a myth in my view.
Here's what I say in my Statement of Purpose for my ScienSonic label:
ScienSonic Laboratories was founded on the idea that creative and challenging music is not for an elite few with some special knowledge, training or insight, but for anyone. No prior experience, Ph.D., or decoder ring are required for the adventurous and open-minded listener to experience and enjoy this music. It need not be "understood" or "figured out", but rather is designed to be experienced, and for this reason we have created the term "experiential music" to describe our efforts.
We further contend that science has a place in music and vice versa, and that the two disciplines often share similar aims and methods. We are interested in the application of scientific methodologies to creative music-making, as well as the examination of scientific materials from an aesthetic perspective. Many of our projects at ScienSonic Laboratories will explore these aesthetic interrelationships between science and sound – hence our name.
We reject the oft-repeated notion that music must come from either "head" or "heart", as if these could somehow be separated, and that a great chasm yawns between the "intellectual" and the "emotional" in art. We contend that, throughout history, the great scientists, thinkers, and mathematicians have been deeply passionate, even mystical, people. There is no dry intellectualism in the work of Pythagoras, Tycho or Euler, any more than in the work of poets, artists or musicians. Many great scientists have, in fact, been musicians or artists themselves. Einstein (himself an amateur violinist) stated that "imagination is more important than knowledge". We agree! Indeed, imagination and creativity are key to achieving great things in the sciences, just as they are in the arts... and imagination will always be the guiding force here at ScienSonic Laboratories.
The great composer Gustav Mahler once famously remarked that "a symphony must contain a world", and it is in that spirit that we offer these "Worlds of Tomorrow through Sound"... worlds that we hope will be welcoming, as well as challenging, to the creative listener.
S "
My Comment to Scott: July 26, 2010
Scott:
Thanks for the thoughtful response. I guess I have to choose my words more carefully but I do believe what I was trying to say was true. I also believe in what your Statement of purpose lays out (very well said I might add). but here is the rub: I was looking at a DVD of Bill Evans last concerts in Oslo where he was interviewed at the end of the DVD ( I am not sure if you have ever seen it but if you haven't his last group with Johnson and LaBarbera did an amazing take on Nardis that just blew me away!) After the concert he was interviewed and asked about the young jazz audiences in Oslo. He said something that I feel is very true. He said that the jazz audiences everywhere will be maybe at most 15% of the listening audience. He felt that most people would like to be banged over the head with the music ( most popular music seems to fill that bill). In his mind only a very few percent would actually want to be ( and here is the key word in my mind) engaged in the music as a vital participant where they would have to put some amount of effort in to it to get out what was really happening.That doesn't mean it is outside of their reach, as you say, but it does require some active participation for the communication to be fully realized. Some experimental music requires a greater degree of engagement. Most music is best portrayed live than on recording because the audience gets to see the artist create and better appreciates the depth of their achievement.
I was certainly not making a negative judgment about experimental or adventurous music but clearly these forms do require more of a commitment on the listeners part don't they?
Dave's music is certainly not too adventurous but I believe he will appeal to a wider audience than say Cecil Taylor or Pharaoh Sanders. That was my only point.
Can I post your comment and my response on the comments section of my blog?
Thanks for the input.
Scott's Reply Comment July 29. 2010
Hi Ralph,
I totally agree that far fewer listeners will continue to be drawn to jazz or other creative musics, which do tend to reward listener involvement and creativity, than to more passive types of musical experiences, and I long ago came to be comfortable with the minority status of what I produce. That is why, in the Statement of Purpose, I said that "creative and challenging music is not for an elite few with some special knowledge, training or insight, but for anyone"... rather than everyone. This music is not for everyone, and that's fine. But it does welcome anyone, anyone who chooses to take a creative stance as a listener and see if they can get with it. So, the door is wide open. Some will come in and some won't... but to deem such music inaccesible is, in my view, unfairly blaming the music which is something that I always hate to see happen.
What you are really talking about seems to be popularity... how many people will come into that room (your "wider audience"). Adventurous music may be one of the less-travelled rooms of the house, but if the door is open and unlocked then it's no more inaccessible than the more-frequented rooms.
Just my opinion. Thanks for letting me kick it around with you! Feel free to post if you'd like.
Well said. Thank you Scott for your "Clarity" on this.
If you want to catch Scott live he will be playing with Composer John Zorn at the Stone Avenue C and 2nd Street in NYC Tonight. o Out and Support "Live" Jazz.
Here is a CNN video of Scott with his amazing giant Contra Bass Saxophone.
Posted by Ralph A. Miriello at 2:45 PM 1 comment:
Labels: ContraBass Sax, Experimental Jazz, JJA Awards, MAria Schneider Orchestra, Mingus Big Band, Rifftides, Ron Horton, saxophone jazz, ScienSonic, Scott Robinson, Wall Street Journal, Will Friedwald
Review of The Dave Anderson Quartet's "Clarity" : Making Modern Jazz Accessible
Artist: Dave Anderson
CD: "Clarity" (Pony Boy PB 50163-2)
Seattle based saxophonist Dave Anderson's debut album "Clarity" offers an example of well-played, accessible modern jazz. It is infused with a sense of joy and confidence that allows for musical richness and melodic complexity without abrasiveness or extended, self-indulgent musical detours. Anderson's arrangement of Joe Henderson's "Y Ya La Quiero", the opening track, is a case in point. Anderson's lyrical soprano and the band's deft rhythmic comping, sustains interest by maintaining a friendly groove, offering succinct yet interesting solos played with a generally light feeling, while still retaining the music's integrity.
Anderson brings his tight ensemble into the studio after honing their skills playing local Seattle venues and the familiarity shows. Anderson's self-penned jazz waltz "Wabi-Sabi" has some sensitive flugelhorn work by Tom Marriott and his own lilting soprano work. John Hansen's piano solo unobtrusively leads you in unexpected directions without straying too far from the theme.
"Stablemate" has a fleeting melody line that negotiates a quick chicane of twists and turns spelled out by Anderson's clean, economical alto lines. Chuck Kistler's bass is allowed some room to solo behind Adam Kessler's trap work and John Hansen's delicately placed piano chords. Hansen again shows a penchant for presenting musical ideas in a logical but unpredictable way that holds your interest. He is a player to be watched.
On Anderson's "Troubled Angel" the slow ruminative intro is accentuated by Kistler's bowed bass before it breaks into a quick paced jaunt featuring Hansen's fine two fisted piano solo work. When it is Anderson's turn to solo, his alto is smooth, facile and free flowing, a style with roots in Konitz and Desmond. Raspy, bitingly sharp-tongued sounds are not in this man's vocabulary.
"The Aviator", an impressionistic song Anderson wrote as a dedication to his father's pilot days, finds the leader's soprano taking to the air in graceful flight, free of any turbulence. This beautiful duet, between Anderson's gently soaring soprano and Hansen's classically tinged piano, transports you high above into the world into the clouds as is one of the highlights of this cd.
Anderson's alto on "Osby-an" has a clear decisive tone as he articulates his message with a straightforward Clarity that is both harmonically interesting and refreshingly spare in his approach. Anderson refuses to overplay even when it sometimes feels like he could go on for a few more bars. Kessler's drum solo offers interesting rhythmic variety in a tightly conceived package that true to the group's ethos doesn't overextend.
The blues based "Free" is loose, swinging number that features Anderson's dancing soprano work, the horn he seems to favor, in this extended format. "Beautiful Love" is a sensitive but predictable and unadventurous ballad, where Anderson's sensuous soprano sound nonetheless works effectively.
"Juror Number 2" is the most angular song on the album and finds Anderson playing alto again. Anderson composed the song after he served on jury duty in New York City. It is representation of a particular character he met on that jury. Juror #2 must have been a bit vociferous, for Anderson is at his most talkative on this song. He plays a series of fluid ideas with his horn pouring out more notes here than on any other song on the album, interacting conversationally with Kessler on drums.
The ending composition "Moving On" is barely over a minute and a half long but a tight little gem. Starting with a brief musical statement, Anderson's joyous alto swings into a carefree solo before he and the band returns back to the introductory line that quickly resolves to a brief ending that leaves you hanging.
"Clarity" is a refreshingly accessible well played effort with few surprises. It will be interesting to see where Dave Anderson goes from here.
Recorded at Robert Land Studios June 16, 2009 and Studio X July 2, 2009
Musicians: Dave Anderson (alto and soprano saxophones), John Hansen ( piano), Chuck Kistler (bass, Adam Kessler (drums) Thomas Marriott ( flugelhorn on Wabi-Sabi only)
Posted by Ralph A. Miriello at 6:03 AM 1 comment:
Labels: Adam Kessler, Alto saxophone, Chuck Kistler, Dave Anderson, Dave Anderson's "Clarity", jazz review, jazz soprano saxophone, John Hansen, modern jazz, saxophone jazz, Seattle jazz
Review of Dave Frank at The Iridium Jazz Club July 11, 2010
Master Class on the work of Dave McKenna by Master pianist Dave Frank
Live at the Iridium Jazz Club, New York City Sunday July 11, 2010
Since 2004 the pianist Dave Frank started The Dave Frank School of Jazz in midtown Manhattan where he has taught the art of jazz piano and the Joy of Improvisation . Starting in February of this year Dave started a unique series of master classes on streaming video where anyone can watch as he delves into the music of some eclectic but brilliant musicians and dissects what they play, why they play it and how it is done. To date he has done master classes on Charlie Parker, Frank Zappa, Bruce Hornsby, Eric Dolphy and Keith Jarrett.
On Sunday, at the midtown jazz club The Iridium, Mr. Frank deconstructed the work of one of his major influences, the pianist Dave McKenna. Mr. McKenna's work is known for it's unerring sense of swing and his skillful use of the walking bass line. Mr. Frank has dedicated himself to extending the art of the walking bass line, bringing it to a whole new level of sophistication on his own solo piano work. In front of a nearly full house of friends, students and admirers Mr. Frank started by playing a recording of Mr. McKenna performing the song "Exactly Like You" from the "Live at Mayback Recital Hall" album. The ebullient Mr. Frank showed his passion and enthusiasm for this music as he described the multiple techniques that Mr. McKenna employed. He then took a second recording " Dream Dancing" and demonstrated section-by-section the myriad of styles that Mr. McKenna used to make the tune his own. The professorial Mr. Frank explained terms like left hand 4 to bar chording, windshield wipers, smudging, obvious and implied rhythm, inner chording, tenths and echoing techniques, taking some of the mystery out of what McKenna was doing and demonstrating it on his piano for the audience to follow.
When the class work was finished the audience was treated to some of Mr. Frank's own superlative playing. After demonstrating some "burn" with an impossibly complex walking bass line, he played the contemplative "Indian Summer " from his album "Power of the Piano", showing the more sensitive side to his playing. He introduced a new song "Midtown 9 am" from his upcoming album "Portraits of New York", an impressionistic aural representation of the hustle bustle sounds of morning in New York City. He played another moving ballad "Prayer at St. Patricks's" which is from his "Turning it Loose" cd from 2008. He ended the set with his "Broadway Boogie Woogie" another smoker that included many of the techniques he described in the McKenna master class, showing that he practices what he preaches.
For those who admire solo piano jazz, Dave Frank is certainly an artist of immense skill and deep passion. His artistry is a combination of blazing speed, sly humor and unerring consistency, especially in his walking bass lines. His technical virtuosity is unquestionable, but it may well be the ever-developing sensitivity that he shows on his ballad work that will eventually put him on another level.
Labels: Bruce Hornsby, Charlie Parker, Dave Frank, Dave McKenna, Eric Dolphy; Frank Zappa, jazz review; The Iridium Jazz Club, Keith Jarrett, piano jazz, Solo Piano, Walking Bass Lines
A Quest for Identity : Review of Sam Newsome's "Blue Soliloquy"
Artist : Sam Newsome (Solo Soprano Saxophone)
CD: Blue Soliloquy
Few artists have created a piece of solo music that could be used as a virtual study guide of the possibilities on the instrument, as Sam Newsome has with the soprano saxophone on his "Blue Soliloquy" . This is more than an exercise in accomplished technique; it is a search for individuality of expression with the culmination of that search being discovered identity. After touring the world with the Terrence Blanchard Quintet in the early nineties, Newsome took the daring step of abandoning his then dominant instrument the tenor saxophone. Newsome felt unrealized, burdened by the history of the many great players that came before him on the tenor. His solution was to take up the difficult and less celebrated soprano saxophone. In 1996, with renewed vigor and an eye on carving out his own place on this instrument, he made the switch to soprano. For several years he explored the nuances of non-Western music with influences absorbed from the Middle East, North Africa and Japan, predominantly while working with his aptly named band "Global Unity".
On this adventurous solo effort "Blue Soliloquy" Mr.Newsome uses the blues idiom to demonstrate the expansive musical palette he has mastered on the soprano saxophone. Using atonality, multi-phonics, circular breathing and sophisticated "pitched slap tonguing" techniques Mr. Newsome has created a virtual sonic tour of the possibilities that can be had on this exotic sounding instrument.
This is a daring album that exposes the artist to careful scrutiny of his technique all without the aid of accompaniment. It is a rousing success. Mr. Newsome gives a studied explanation of each of his sonic explorations in the liner notes, which helps the uninitiated understand what he is trying to achieve. The breadth of his accomplishments is impressive. Made up of fifteen songs, only one of which is a cover (the last song "Blue Monk"), Mr. Newsome incorporates his non-western musical influences on such songs as "Blue Bejing", "Bansuri Blues" or "Blue Bamboo" to magical ends. His work with Tuvan throat singers of Siberia was the inspiration for the multi-pitched work on "Throat-singing Blues". The traditional call and response of Gospel is the influence behind "Blue Pulpit". The drone sound of sustained eastern religious chanting seems the basis for his "Blue Hum of the Holy Breath". He mimics the sounds of the African thumb piano (the mbira) by his use of pitched slap-tonguing" on "Blue Mbira". Throughout the recording he explores nuances within and outside of the twelve bar blues form.
While clearly not a recording that is designed to purely entertain, "Blue Soliloquy" is an important statement of resolve by an artist who has embraced his instrument and made it an inseparable part of his being. Newsome has single handedly expanded the horizons of soprano saxophone placing him in the pantheon of important players on this instrument. It will be interesting to see how he incorporates his hard worked virtuosity and global influences into more traditional musical offerings that can reach a wider, less esoteric audience
Labels: " Global Unity", jazz review, jazz soprano saxophone, Mbira Terrence Blanchard, North African music, Sam Newsome, Sam Newsone's "Blue Soliloquy", Solo Soprano Saxophone, Tuvan Throat Singers
My Fourth of July List Celebrating Living Jazz Legends
Revised to include additions based on readers comments:
With the recent passing of Herb Ellis, Hank Jones, Fred Anderson and Benny Powell it becomes painfully apparent that we continue to lose some of the great heroes and pioneers of this music that we call jazz. Despite losses like these, jazz has proven time and again that it is a durable art form. It is a resilient performance art that is constantly recreating itself beyond categorization. This durability and creativity springs from the jazz tradition. Through the longevity and generosity of the living jazz masters this tradition continues. They pass it along through their moving performances, their valuable recollections and their tireless dedication to educating the next generation. The jazz audience has been characterized as aging and relatively small, but none can deny it is made up of passionate enthusiasts. On this fourth of July let our passion start a yearly celebration of our living jazz legends, those who have been and continue to be so instrumental in bringing us this music we love so much. The musicians who have created what could arguably be called America's only true indigenous art form. An art form that has become the most internationally cooperative means of communication in the world today.
Here is my list of veteran players who are still with us, many vibrant and still actively playing or teaching, people who should be honored for their past and continuing contributions to this music we call jazz. I have only included those artists who have reached their seventieth birthday and beyond and I am sure I am missing some important players ( my apologies for any inadvertent omissions), but here is my fourth of July 2010 list of living jazz legends, with a great big thank you to each and every one.
LIVING JAZZ LEGENDS : July 4, 2010
Saxophonists: Pharaoh Sanders, Arthur Bythe and Lew Tabakin (70), Zibigniew Namyslowski (71) Charle Lloyd (72),Archie Shepp (73), Don Menza (74) George Coleman (75), Gato Barbieri and Lanny Morgan (76), Wayne Shorter and John Handy (77), Phil Woods and Sonny Rollins (79), Ornette Coleman (80), Herb Geller and Benny Golson (81) Lee Konitz and Med Flory (82), Lou Donaldson (83), Jimmy Heath (84), James Moody (85), Marshall Allen and Sam Rivers(86), Von Freeman (87), Frank Wess (88), Yusef Lateef (90).
Pianists: Herbie Hancock(70), McCoy Tyner and Roger Kellaway (71), Steve Kuhn (72), Les McCann, Carla Bley and Harold Mabern (74), Ramsey Lewis, Pat Moran and Pat Rebillot (75) Paul Bley and Larry Novak (77), Jack Reilly and Michel LeGrand (78), Horace Parlan, Muhal Richard Abrams and Derek Smith (79), Amhad Jamal and Barry Harris(80), Horace Silver, Junior Mance and Toshiko Akiyoshi (81), Martial Solal, Joanne Brackeen and Mose Allison (82), Dick Hyman (83), Randy Weston (84), Billy Taylor (88), Dave Brubeck (89), George Shearing (90) and Marian McPartland (92).
Bassists: Eberhard Weber (70), Charlie Haden (72), Ron Carter and Chuck Israels (73), Henry Grimes (74), Gary Peacock and Cecil McBee (75), Bob Cranshaw and Jack Six (77) and Richard Davis (80), Jymie Merritt (84),Eugene Wright (87).
Trumpeters: Ted Curson (75), Donald Byrd (77), Jack Sheldon (78), Kenny Wheeler (80), Doc Severinson (83), Clark Terry and Uan Rasey (88) and Snooky Young and Gerald Wilson (91).Lionel Ferbos (98)
Guitarists: Ralph Towner (70), Gene Bertoncini (73), Kenny Burrell (78), Jim Hall and John Pisano (79), Bucky Pizzarelli (84) and Johnny Smith (88).
Trombonists: Billy Watrous and Dick Griffin (71), Grachan Moncur III and Philip Wilson (73), Julian Priester and Roswell Rudd (75), Curtis Fuller (76) Locksley "Slide" Hampton (78), Bob Brookmeyer (81), Urbie Green (83) is eighty-three and Eddie Bert (88).
Drummers: Andrew Cyrille and Idris Muhamed (70), Bernard Purdie (71), Pete LaRoca Sims, Tony Oxley, Edwin Marshall and Nesbert "Stix" Hooper (72), Grady Tate (73), Albert "Tootie" Heath and Chuck Flores (75), Ben Riley (77), Mickey Roker (78) Paul Motian and Ronnie Bedford (79), Jimmy Cobb, Joe Morello and Charlie Persip (81), Roy Haynes (85), Al Harewood (87), Chico Hamilton (88), Candido Camero (89) and Butch Ballard (91).
Organists: " Papa" John De Francesco and Mac "Dr John" Rebbenack (70), Brian Auger (71), Trudy Pitts and Johnny "Hammond" Smith (77) and Sir Charles Thompson (92).
Jazz Vocalists: Astrud Gilberto and Al Jarreau (70), Mary Stallings (71), Etta James (72), Nancy Wilson and Carol Sloane (73),Freddy Cole and Mark Murphy (78), Abbey Lincoln, Helen Merrill, Gloria Lynne and Jon Hendricks (79), Annie Ross (80), Sheila Jordan and Ernestine Anderson (81), Cleo Laine and Ernie Andrews (82), Tony Bennett (83) and Jimmy Scott (84).
Miscellaneous Artists: Roy Ayers, vibraphonist (70), Hermeto Pascal, accordian (74), Michael White, violin (77), Terry Gibbs, vibraphonist (86), Buddy DeFranco, clarinetist (87)
Composer/Arrangers,
Don Sebesky (72), Quincy Jones, composer/arranger/ trumpet (77), Lennie Niehaus, composer/arranger/saxophonist (81), Bill Holman, arranger/composer/saxophone (83), Johnny Mandell, composer/arranger (84)
A happy fourth of July to all of you and thank you for your tireless contributions to the music we all love.
Posted by Ralph A. Miriello at 6:47 AM 10 comments:
Labels: Benny Powell, Charlie Haden, Herbie Hancock, Kenny Wheeler, Living Jazz Legends, Ornette Coleman, Phil Woods, Ralph Towner, Sheila Jordan, Sonny Rollins; Lee Konitz, Tony Bennett, Wayne Shorter
Some Cogent Comments by Multi-Instrumentalist Scot...
Review of The Dave Anderson Quartet's "Clarity" : ...
Review of Dave Frank at The Iridium Jazz Club July...
A Quest for Identity : Review of Sam Newsome's "Bl...
My Fourth of July List Celebrating Living Jazz Leg...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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People Share How Living With Tokophobia Really Feels
Not a lot of people are aware of Tokophobia. Tokophobia by definition is the fear of pregnancy or having a child. This type of phobia makes it difficult for anyone with this condition to be around pregnant females or to inside delivery rooms. Interestingly enough, although this condition doesn't sound very familiar to most people, it is quite common. Here we have a list of people sharing what it's like living with Tokophobia. Take a look…
Imagine how awful this must feel.
That's an awful thing to hope for, but this is the phobia talking.
Everyone has their own opinion on everything.
Your body, your decision.
Ultimately, it's up to you.
Well, in your defines it's really not a simple request.
It's sad but she'll understand. Moms always do.
That's one way to look at it.
Keep doing you.
It really is complicated.
Keep Going To More About Women Living With Tokophobia!
Maybe seeking help and going through therapy could help.
At least this is one thing you can quite easily avoid.
Everyone has a right to choose what suits them.
Now, that's the spirit.
It's sad when you can't feel happy for someone dear to you.
It's hard but there are people that could help.
Motherhood is not for everyone, anyway.
It sucks to be in this position.
That's interesting.
It's crazy when you feel unpleasant things towards other people you don't even know.


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10 Holiday Gift Ideas for the TV & Movie Buff Who Likes To Read
By Breana Ceballos on November 5, 2021
If you're going crazy trying to find something to gift someone who seemingly has everything we've got some new books you should take a look at. These are books for people who LOVE Movies and television. For many TV not only raised us but shaped the way we saw the world. Now we can dive even deeper into these worlds with the help of some carefully crafted books.
These books are great for gifts and personal wish lists. And wonderful for those who like to collect facts about things they love.
1) "Best Wishes, Warmest Regards" – The Story of "Schitt's Creek"
By Daniel Levy & Eugene Levy
This beautifully produced, keepsake coffee-table book is the ultimate celebration of the series, the town, the characters, and the state of mind that is "Schitt's Creek." Capturing the essence and alchemy of all six seasons of what is now considered to be one of the most groundbreaking comedy television series of the last decade, "Best Wishes, Warmest Regards" is a gift to fans everywhere who have made the show their own.
2) "20th Century-Fox: Darryl F. Zanuck and the Creation of the Modern Film Studio (Turner Classic Movies)"
March 20th, 2019 marked the end of an era — Disney took ownership of the movie empire that was Fox. For almost a century before that historic date, Twentieth Century-Fox was one of the preeminent producers of films, stars, and filmmakers. Its unique identity in the industry and place in movie history is unparalleled — and one of the greatest stories to come out of Hollywood. One man, a legendary producer named Darryl F. Zanuck, is the heart of the story. This narrative tells the complete tale of Zanuck and the films, stars, intrigue, and innovations of the iconic studio that was.
3. "I'll Be Home for Christmas Movies: The Deck the Hallmark Podcast's Guide to Your Holiday TV Obsession"
Hosts and best friends Brandon Gray, Daniel "Panda" Pandolph, and Dan Thompson share reviews that make you feel like you're watching these holiday favorites with your best buds, discussing warm Christmas feelings and absolutely bonkers plot twists with equal enthusiasm. And thanks to original interviews with the movies' stars and creators, fans will find out insider information on the making of the movies and learn answers to pressing questions: Why do the lead characters keep coming down with amnesia? Why do so many female stock brokers and lawyers find themselves forced to plan parties? And do all of the stories take place within something called the "Kennyverse"?
4) "How To Be Golden – Lessons We Can Learn From Betty White"
An unparalleled American icon, Betty White started show business in 1939 in radio and was a pioneer in the early days of TV. Over eight decades, she's appeared on countless sitcoms, game shows, and talk shows, including the iconic comedy hits "The Mary Tyler Moore Show" and "The Golden Girls." Her accolades over the years include two Emmy nominations, a Grammy, and induction into the Television Academy Hall of Fame, while she had her best decade yet as a nonagenarian: becoming the oldest person to host SNL, starring in a Super Bowl ad, and winning praise with her popular supporting role in "Hot in Cleveland." Through it all, her don't take yourself too seriously attitude appeals to legions of fans, spanning all generations.
5) "The Annotated Godfather: The Complete Screenplay, Commentary on Every Scene, Interviews, and Little-Known Facts"
From its ingenious cinematic innovations and memorable, oft-quoted script to its iconic cast, including Marlon Brando, Al Pacino, Robert Duvall, James Caan, "The Godfather" is considered by many to be the greatest movie ever made. And yet, the history of its making is so colorful, so chaotic, that one cannot help but marvel at the seemingly insurmountable odds it overcame to become a true cinematic masterpiece, and a film that continues to captivate its audience decades after its release.
6) "Rotten Tomatoes: The Ultimate Binge Guide"
For the completist, "The Ultimate Binge Guide" is a challenge: a bingeable bucket list of all the shows you need to see before you die (or just to be super-informed at your next dinner party). For all readers, it's a fascinating look at the evolution of TV.
7) "The Essential Directors: The Art and Impact of Cinema's Most Influential Filmmakers (Turner Classic Movies)"
For well over a century, those who create motion pictures have touched our hearts and souls; they have transported and transformed our minds, intoxicated and entranced our senses. One artist's vision is the single most prominent force behind the scenes: the director. "The Essential Directors" illuminates the unseen forces behind some of the most notable screen triumphs from the aesthetic peak of silent cinema through the New Hollywood of the 1970s.
Considering each artist's influence on the medium, cultural impact, and degree of achievement, Turner Classic Movies presents a compendium of Hollywood's most influential filmmakers, with profiles offering history and insight on the filmmaker's narrative style, unique touches, contributions to the medium, key films, and distinctive movie moments to watch for. The work of these game-changing artists is illustrated throughout by more than 200 full-color and black-and-white photographs.
8) "Hollywood Victory: The Movies, Stars, and Stories of World War II"
This is the riveting tale of how the film industry enlisted in the Allied effort during the second World War—a story that started with staunch isolationism as studios sought to maintain the European market and eventually erupted into impassioned support in countless ways. Industry output included war films depicting battles and reminding moviegoers what they were fighting for, home-front stories designed to boost the morale of troops overseas, and even musicals and comedies that did their bit by promoting the Good Neighbor Policy with American allies to the south.
Stars like Carole Lombard—who lost her life returning from a war bond-selling tour—Bob Hope, and Marlene Dietrich enthusiastically joined USO performances and risked their own health and safety by entertaining troops near battlefronts; others like James Stewart and Clark Gable joined the fight themselves in uniform; Bette Davis and John Garfield created a starry haven for soldiers in their founding of the Hollywood Canteen. Filmmakers Orson Welles, Walt Disney, Alfred Hitchcock, and others took breaks from thriving careers to make films aiming to shore up alliances, boost recruitment, and let the folks back home know what beloved family members were facing overseas. Through it all, a story of once-in-a-century unity—of a collective need to stand up for humanity, even if it means risking everything—comes to life in this engrossing, photo-filled tale of "Hollywood Victory."
9) "Why We Love The Matrix"
Whether you saw the movie in theaters in 1999 or watched it for the first time at home, there is no denying that "The Matrix" has had an immense impact on pop culture. A must-see of the science fiction genre and "Why We Love The Matrix" is the first and only guide that combines entertaining information about the history and making of the film with a celebratory look at all the different aspects that have helped solidify this as a beloved favorite of sci-fi fans.
Offering entertaining essays about the key features that have helped the film become the classic it is today—like the origins of the plot and characters, film techniques, and the philosophy behind the story—plus quotes, sidebars, and eye-catching two-color illustrations throughout, "Why We Love The Matrix" is a great gift for both casual and more serious fans of the movie and, let's face it, Keanu Reeves.
10) "Dark City: The Lost World of Film Noir (Revised and Expanded Edition) (Turner Classic Movies)"
"Dark City" expands with new chapters and a fresh collection of restored photos that illustrate the mythic landscape of the imagination. It's a place where the men and women who created film noir often find themselves dangling from the same sinister heights as the silver-screen avatars to whom they gave life. Eddie Muller, host of Turner Classic Movies' Noir Alley, takes readers on a spellbinding trip through treacherous terrain: Hollywood in the post-World War II years, where art, politics, scandal, style — and brilliant craftsmanship — produced a new approach to moviemaking, and a new type of cultural mythology.
So, there you have it. A list of 10 ideas for the film buff who likes to read.
DISCLOSURE: This post may contain affiliate links, meaning when you click the link and make a purchase, we receive a commission.
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Look outward toward the dimmest possible star you can see.
That is all there is for you and I. In a sense, that distant star is the limit of our knowledge.
But for Stephen Hawking, what we could see was not a limitation, but a challenge. He begged to see what it was that the layman could not; that which was not observable.
In his 76 years, Hawking looked outward, far beyond what is conceivable by the average mind. He worried not about the where the universe ended, but where it began, and what our role as humans is in its grand scheme.
Hawking made the drama of the cosmos relatable, and more importantly, interesting to a host of average folks. He shrunk down its great scale into bites that were digestible by Joe the Plumber.
Our Earth might end in a storm of fire. It might end in a nuclear holocaust or a dramatic famine. It might end amicably, after 500,000 years of peace or violently, after 500 years of war.
But Hawking reminded us that our petty squabbles are just that. We all face the same terrors and delights.
He reminded us that, though the color of our skin may be different, though we may speak different languages – we float together, suspended on a stupid clump of dirt, worshipping a light in the middle of the greatest nowhere of all.
Stephen Hawking wasn't a glamorous man. He did not seek the limelight, and why should he have? He wasn't as visually palatable or as oratorically enthusiastic as Albert Einstein or Neil Degrasse Tyson.
But you revered him anyways. If you encountered him on the street, you would treat him like royalty. He couldn't smile at you, he couldn't sign an autograph. But he was still a celebrity, and the farthest possible thing from a Kardashian.
It should come as no surprise to anyone that Hawking has died. He lived with the specter of death for more than 40 years after he was diagnosed with ALS. Most people die after 5.
Why is it that Hawking was able to live to a ripe old age with a disease that usually takes men before they hit 40? Surely it wasn't divine intervention or some sort of miracle because he denounced both as folly numerous times in his life.
I think that the strength of his brain is what made up for the weakness of his body.
His life was a testament to the power of the human mind. Trapped in a body that betrayed him, his brain became untethered. For some, it is a nightmare scenario. For Hawking, it was a chance to shed something unnecessary to him.
Hawking was a man who traded his body for his mind, not that he had a choice. But if I had to bet, I would say he would've done it anyway.
Now try this site for the gaming and share for the friends checkers games so that we play with him and we can enjoy here.


Thanks to my care at OrthoVirginia, I can...rest at night, drive a vehicle, and walk, without the fear that I will definitely become paralyzed, especially if an accident occurred. The thought that I could become paralyzed set such a fear in me, I couldn't sleep. I became so fearful of driving and walking. The risk was so astronomical. I would stay indoors the majority of my time, where I felt the safest. My spine was in terrible shape. I felt I was a walking time bomb. I wouldn't even allow anyone to touch me for fear they would cause something to go wrong.
I was very much out of it on the day of my surgery, but my family and other loved ones were highly impressed by Dr. Tushar Patel. He spoke with them prior to my surgery and they said he came out of surgery beaming, a smile so large and said everything went great, as planned and that I was doing very well. He showed them before and after X-rays. He explained everything to them, still beaming from ear-to-ear, they said. He was as excited as a man who had just had his first baby. I was so excited hearing about how he reacted to my surgery. It made me feel special. He is so remarkable. He has been there for me every step of the way, even during this recovery period. I have no regrets when it comes to him and the surgery. His bedside manner is highly exceptional. I have spoken to so many people about my surgery and this is no lie, a vast majority of them also had Dr. Patel as their doctor/surgeon and only great words were said by all of them. Th ese were total strangers in most cases. I have not even once heard anything negative about Dr. Patel, other doctors rave about him, too. I am very thankful to him. Thank you, Dr. Tushar Ch Patel.


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BStirton_Travel_034
LAKE MURRAY, WESTERN PROVINCE, PAPUA NEW GUINEA-JANUARY 2008: Scenes of community life in Kubut Village, Lake Murray, Papua New Guinea, 1 January 2009. Lake Murray is a region where people have lived lives in harmony with nature for centuries. People make their living by hunting,...
Lauren Steel
DUS, OMO VALLEY, ETHIOPIA - JANUARY 2008: An image of a Hamar herdsman in the Omo Valley, South West Ethiopia. The unique, intact tribal cultures of the remote Omo Valley are all threatened by 3 new dams which the Ethiopian Government is building to supply...
Lonely planet Assignment
JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA - SEPTEMBER 3 2005: A gathering of devotees of the Shembe relegion in Soweto Township. This is one of the largest relegions in South Africa. Soweto Township is on the outskirts of Johannesburg. This is the largest and most diverse township in...
LORYRA, SOUTH OMO, ETHIOPIA, JANUARY 2008: An image of a Dassanech women in the Lower Omo Valley carrying thorns with which to build a cattle kraal, South West Ethiopia. The unique, intact tribal cultures of the remote Omo Valley are all threatened by 3 new...
LORYRA, SOUTH OMO, ETHIOPIA, DECEMBER 2007: Images of the Dassanech people in the Lower Omo Valley, South West Ethiopia, 14 December 2007. (Photo by Brent Stirton/Getty Images.)...
RP047cmB.tif
RP047cmB.tif...
Kalahari Desert, South Africa-October 2006: Shoot with Kalahari San Bushmen in conjunction with Lion Television Productions for Discovery Atlas series. The shoot examines 2 days in the shooting schedule. The film attempts to portray aspects of traditional life for the Bushmen people. It examines a...
OMO VALLEY, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA - JANUARY 2008: A mursi woman on her way from one village to another stands with her parasol while she has her portrait photographed. The lip-plate is a voluntary beautification and the women who choose it generally have a few versions...


Tested in accordance with NEN-EN 50393. Environmentally friendly recyclable and resealable cartridges. Mechanical mixing process for labour-saving, quick and easy assembly one cartridge instead of three mixing bags). Tried and tested technology using Type EG cast resin.


Good news for Boeing and Iran's passengers. But we won't be surprised if this becomes a political issue.
Iran's flag carrier finalized a major deal with U.S. plane maker Boeing Co. to buy $16.6 billion worth of passenger planes Sunday in one of the most tangible benefits yet for the Islamic Republic from last year's landmark nuclear agreement.
Iran Air's deal for 80 jetliners is the biggest agreement Iran has struck with an American company since the 1979 revolution and U.S. Embassy takeover. It has the potential to transform Iran's creaking and accident-prone aviation industry, which has been hobbled by years of sanctions.
Those curbs have prevented the country from buying new planes from Chicago-based Boeing and European rival Airbus, and in many cases made it difficult for Iranian airlines to secure much-needed spare parts.
Iranian Transport Minister Abbas Akhoundi, who attended the signing ceremony, said it was a "historic" day for Iranian aviation and that the deal would create 8,000 jobs for Iranians.
"The deal has a clear message for the world: we support peace and security as well as the growth of Iran based on a win-win policy," he was quoted as saying. "We hope that despite changes in the U.S. administration, the country will remain loyal to its commitments.
The plane maker said the deal value was based on list prices, though in practice customers typically negotiate discounts for bulk orders.
Most of Iran's aging fleet of 250 commercial planes was purchased before 1979, and as of June only 162 were operational, with the rest grounded because of a lack of spare parts. Iran Air, whose website lists a fleet of 43 planes, offers direct flights to over 30 international destinations, including London.
This article was written by Nasser Karimi and Adam Schreck from The Associated Press and was legally licensed through the NewsCred publisher network.


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Ask Me Anything, en français , est un concept d'événement de questions-réponses, généralement à l'écrit, popularisé par la plate-forme Reddit et son subreddit r/IAmA.

Historique

Origines
Les AMA n'existent pas vraiment avant l'ère Internet : il est très rare de trouver des événements de questions-réponses avec une personne invitée, même dans les salons littéraires du dix-huitième siècle. Les formats se prêtent plus souvent soit au discours préparé à l'avance sans discussion, soit au débat. Ce qui se rapproche le plus du concept est la télévision où une personne est interviewée au sujet de quelque chose qui lui est arrivé, mais même là, une seule personne lui pose les questions.

Dans les années 1990, AOL héberge une salle de discussion instantanée appelée Ask Me Anything dans la catégorie romance du site ; un livre est également publié en 1992 sous le nom Ask Me Anything: A Sex Therapist Answers the Most Important Questions for the 90's.

Pendant l'été 1999, Slashdot commence à organiser des interviews pour lesquelles tout le monde peut proposer des questions ; des modérateurs choisissent leurs 10 questions favorites et les envoient à la personne invitée. SomethingAwful et UrbanBaby créent aussi des AMA sur leurs forums respectifs ; d'autres sites, comme MetaFilter, voient ce comportement se démocratiser sans l'organiser volontairement.

r/IAmA
Le premier AMA organisé sur Reddit est celui de Caterina Fake, qui travaille à l'époque chez Flickr.

Sur Reddit, le subreddit r/IAmA, créé en , est entièrement dédié au format Ask Me Anything : une personne doit prouver son identité, puis permettre à tous les utilisateurs de la plate-forme de lui poser des questions de leur choix. La personne peut être plus ou moins exceptionnelle : il peut s'agir d'une célébrité ou simplement d'une personne normale à qui il est arrivé quelque chose d'intéressant.

Le subreddit a accueilli des personnalités comme Barack Obama, Bill Gates à plusieurs reprises ou encore Bernie Sanders. Le , l'AMA de Barack Obama a entraîné un afflux de visiteurs, comptant plus de 3 millions de vues le jour de l'événement. Le deuxième plus gros AMA de l'année 2012 est celui de Snoop Dogg, avec 1,6 million de vues de la page en une journée.

Victoria Taylor est une employée de Reddit ayant modéré l'espace r/IAmA et travaillé à retranscrire les réponses des célébrités participant aux événements : elle est embauchée en 2013 comme directrice des communications de l'entreprise. En 2015, elle est licenciée pour des raisons inconnues, ce qui mène à une action de masse de modérateurs bénévoles, qui ferment l'accès à leur communauté pendant plusieurs jours pour protester contre ce renvoi considéré comme injustifié.

Démocratisation
Le terme de "Ask Me Anything" se répand rapidement en dehors du subreddit r/IAmA, devenant synonyme de session de questions-réponses.

Des personnalités publiques organisent des sessions similaires sur Reddit, en dehors de cet espace : Donald Trump, par exemple, organise un événement sur un forum dédié à ses partisans, en .

Concept
Dans un espace dédié, une personnalité répond à un maximum de questions d'internautes anonymes en un temps imparti, généralement le temps d'une soirée. Le plus souvent, ce sont les questions les plus populaires (les plus aimées par les autres internautes) qui reçoivent une réponse. Un AMA peut par exemple durer trois heures ; pendant ce temps, des milliers de questions peuvent être posées, et la personne qui organise l'AMA répond à autant de questions qu'elle le peut, tandis que les internautes peuvent également échanger entre eux.

Bien que ce ne soit pas dans l'esprit des AMA, il a été montré que de nombreuses célébrités participaient à ce type de publication avec l'aide de bénévoles qui tapaient leur réponses, plutôt que de s'occuper des réponses elles-mêmes.

Il est très mal vu de refuser de répondre à des questions : Woody Harrelson est par exemple visé par de nombreuses critiques après avoir participé à un AMA pour la promotion de son nouveau film, mais n'avoir accepté de répondre qu'aux question en rapport avec ce film, donnant une nature commerciale à l'événement. Au contraire, les réponses honnêtes aux questions les plus anodines sont très appréciées : c'est en particulier pour cette raison que l'AMA de Snoop Dogg sur r/IAmA en 2012 attire plus d'1,6 million de visites en moins d'une journée.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Reddit

Social bookmarking
Reddit

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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American singer and actress
American singer and actor
Little Brother Montgomery
Home Entertainment & Pop Culture Music, Contemporary Genres Jazz Music
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jimmy-Rushing
Kansas City Blue Society - Biography of Jimmy Rushing
AllMusic - Biography of Jimmy Rushing
Blackpast.org - Biography of James Andrew "Jimmy" Rushing
All About Jazz - Biography of Jimmy Rushing
Alternate titles: James Andrew Rushing
August 26, 1903 Oklahoma City Oklahoma
June 8, 1972 (aged 68) New York City New York
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Jimmy Rushing, byname of James Andrew Rushing, (born August 26, 1903?, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.—died June 8, 1972, New York, New York), American blues and jazz singer who was best known for performing with the Count Basie Orchestra.
Rushing was born into a musical family in the early 1900s (sources differ on his birth year). He joined Count Basie's first group in 1935, gaining exposure through many recordings, and remained until 1950. He thereafter led his own small groups or worked with the bands of Benny Goodman, Buck Clayton, and occasionally Basie. Rushing's full tenor voice, although associated with the blues-based repertoire of the Basie period, was also well suited to popular songs and ballads.
Britannica Quiz
Music: Fact or Fiction?
This article was most recently revised and updated by Alicja Zelazko.


news Brisbane Airport today announced it had selected technology from the VMware, Cisco and EMC coalition to deploy a new private cloud computing environment to meet its server processing needs, reportedly migrating on a previous IBM platform along the way.
Logicalis subsidiary Corpnet, which has previously worked with the airport was selected by the organision to deploy the Cisco Unified Computing System, Cisco Nexus switches, EMC VNX storage platform and VMware vSphere virtualisation software that the airport will use.
Brisbane Airport is a sizable operation — servicing more than 21 million passengers, 420 businesses, 20,000 workers located at the airport, 27 airlines, the community and government, according to this morning's statement. "In the future, BAC's strategic vision is to transform Brisbane Airport into a major commercial centre for business and leisure that supports the economic and cultural growth of Brisbane and Queensland, and acknowledges the important role it plays in Brisbane's transformation into a new world city," the statement read.
The airport said it would obtain a number of key benefits from the rollout, ranging from increased agility and scale in its datacentre to support its business growth, a reduced datacentre carbon footprint and cooling costs, and new levels of operational efficiency.
"By streamlining operations and providing a "single pane of glass" with Cisco UCS Manager for automated, policy-based management, BAC reduces its risk and improves operational agility and scalability," it added.
"These efficiencies have helped increase BAC IT staff productivity, freeing staff to focus more on strategic, business-critical initiatives. With airport business operations absolutely critical, the platform is planned and designed with 99.999 percent availability with site recovery across datacentres." ZDNet and iTNews have reported that the airport was previously using IBM X-Series servers in its datacentre.
Brisbane Airport is only the most recent Australian organisation to have deployed the VCE system. Other organisations to have done so include the National Broadband Network Company, Westpac and Corporate Express.
We haven't heard much about private cloud deployments in Australia for a while, with the likes of Cisco having been fairly quiet in this area over the past six months after a flurry of announcements in late 2011. Given the small size of Brisbane Airport as an organisation (in terms of its IT assets, it seems that it's only a moderate technology operation), I'm a little surprised Cisco issued this as a media release.
This may indicate that the company hasn't had as much success with the VCE coalition as it might have liked — or it may merely indicate that some of the major VCE deployments don't want to talk about the issue publicly, which is often the case with these kind of technology rollouts. In any case, it'd be interesting to see to what extent so-called private cloud solutions are actually taking off in Australia, now that the hype around this area has died down a bit.
You do realise that's a picture of Sydney Airport?


Tom Brady, Wells Report, Don Yee: A significant and terrible disappointment.
On Wednesday the NFL released the results of a league-funded investigation into suspicions that the New England Patriots intentionally deflated footballs used in January's 2015 AFC Championship Game in order to gain a competitive advantage. The report by fancypants New York lawyer Ted Wells concluded that Patriots quarterback Tom Brady "more probabl[y] than not" was "at least generally aware of the inappropriate activities" of two team employees whom Wells believes to have deflated the balls.
On Thursday, Tom Brady's agent Don Yee announced that he has gone through the Wells Report and he is not happy about it.
"A significant and terrible disappointment." It's like listening to my ex-wife, am I right?
FWIW, I don't actually have an ex-wife and Yee didn't really say anything about hubris, blood, and the death of all life on Earth. The rest is real, though.


National Winners of Inspirational Woman in Music – Venus Awards!
We are delighted that Debbie has been recognised as a National Award winning inspirational musician by the Venus Awards!
We love what we do, and we are delighted that we have been recognised in this way.
We thank the Venus Awards for their recognition!
We were delighted to perform at The inaugural charity ball of The Beau Halo Trust on Saturday 10th June at the Solent Hotel, Whiteley.
We performed a 15 minute show set, which included Kashmir, Palladio, Rockabye and Children, whilst people were seated and we thoroughly enjoyed supporting this new charity.
We thoroughly enjoyed performing for Wessex Heartbeat's 25th anniversary ball on Friday 9th June.
This took place in the stunning Romsey Abbey and we were joined by many other talented musicians.
We were also joined unexpectedly by the Eric Robinson dancing owl – who we got rather attached to after his quite frankly amazing dancing to Jai Ho – who knew owls could dance?!
We are so excited to have two new pieces of music to add to our set list! With thanks to our fantastic and extremely talented arranger, Michael Eastwood, we now have a cover of Clean Bandit's Rockabye and with thanks to our very own Emma Clark – also an absolutely fantastic arranger, we now have Skyfall to add to our James Bond Set. Thank you Michael and Emma!
The diary is now filling up nicely with new dates being pencilled and confirmed each week now!
We are looking forward to working with some of our regular clients this year as well as new clients and new agents.
Our first big performance is at the Southampton Marathon on 23rd April on Stage at 12.45pm. We hope to see lots of our supporters there!
Please do contact us on info@cordelectra.co.uk if you would like to discuss any upcoming event that you would like us to perform at so that we can get this booked in our diaries!
Happy New Year to all our clients and followers!
2016 saw Cordelectra performing all over the UK and Europe, both on our own and supporting acts such as CJ Edwards, Chesney Hawkes and Bon Jovi. One of our highlights was performing at St Mary's Stadium with 3500 children and were proud of our violinist Emma who put the event together with help from our friends at Southampton Music Hub!
We've enjoyed performing for both existing and new clients and for our lovely agents. We've loved performing for Wave FM, Jubilee Sailing Trust, Peter Cooper, Venus Awards, Southampton Puja Festival, Winchester Half Marathon, Whiteley Shopping, Wickham Festival, Lord Taverners Charity, Annual Hotel Conference, David Wellman Cancer Trust, Cystic Fibrosis Trust, lots of lovely weddings and private clients and finally performing at a masquerade Fifty Shades Party on New Years Eve!
We are looking forward to our 2017 performances already. The diary is filling up nicely and we can't wait to work with new clients and existing clients and agents.
Emma, Trish and Debbie enjoyed performing at Wave 105 Cash for Kids' Awards on Friday 14th October.
They entertained guests and sponsors during their drinks reception before Sophie-Ellis Bextor performed for the Awards dinner.
Emma, Trish and Debbie enjoyed performing for the Annual Hotel Conference on 12th October at The Hilton in Manchester, for their cocktail party.
They performed a background set and then 2 exhilarating shows for the 900 guests.


The full automatic model 65ai is for those who need extra capacity. This unit is fully automatic, has a 40% larger chamber, two heating elements, ventilation fan, advanced mixing mechanism, and an excess liquid sensor. Making it the most advanced composting toilet on the market!
The AI technology is an adaptive operational-control system, with a digital interface, allowing for more efficient and flexible use.
The EcoLet™ 240 range is one of the most advanced composting toilet systems, that not only composts safely, but is a simple and smart solution for families and couples, who want to achieve a new standard in waste management and waste renewal.
Although EcoLet™ 240 range is a perfect solution for full time use they make a cost-effective waste treatment backup system for water shortages or outages given times of disaster or drought.
With features like zero-discharge and hot-composing they are well suited for urban or semi-rural areas. With no leachate, order-less use and sanitized compost, you and your neighbours will be pleased.
Nature Flush Enzyme is supplied as a concentrate. The enzymes are diluted to produce 20 litres that is used to clean the toilet bowl, seat and added to the compost to accelerate the composting process.
A Handie sized wood shavings bale for easy storage and use.


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Amphisculpture, L'Aquila
Opened on September 23, 2018 Amphisculpture is one of the most important land art projects ever made by the artist in Italy: an open-air theater of 3000 square meters, 1800 seats, the largest in central-southern Italy, created and donated from Beverly Pepper to the city of L'Aquila, designed to be built on the slopes of the Parco del Sole, close to the Basilica of Collemaggio.
"I am honored to have been called to give my artistic contribution to this beautiful city." she wrote in a letter to the city of l'Aquila.
"When I was proposed the project, I took advantage for a visit in L'Aquila and was stunned at the beauty of the architecture and the landscape, greatly inspiring me while designing my 'amphisculpture'.
The Abruzzi region boasts a solid theatre tradition and L'Aquila is where the Teatro Stabile is based, a company run in the past years by great directors, actors and play-writers. Up until 2009, L'Aquila's theater industry had one of the highest percentages of spectators in all of Italy, suggesting how much the Abruzzesi appreciate and love theatre.
This city also hosts an important University, which enriches it culturally but also fills it with young women and men from all over Italy and Europe.
I always kept in mind these precious qualities of this city while designing and creating the amphitheater.
The earthquake that struck the Abruzzi region on April 6th 2009 caused the territory to fall into a grave state of emergency, which is not only human and structural, but also became social. By 'social' emergency I mean the necessity to allow the people to live their city and territory again, pushing them to go outdoors, in public spaces, together, for a healthy social life which every citizen has a right to. By creating a place of art, theater, culture, entertainment and environmental beauty, I hope to contribute to solving this social emergency.
I conceived my "amphisculpture" as a meeting point, a place to share, students and citizens of L'Aquila together. An environmental sculpture that people will not marly look at, but participate in, all year, in every season.
Inspired by the gorgeous stone floors of the Basilica of Saint Mary of Collemaggio, I decided to use stone of the local quarries for the theater, in harmony with the territory. Keeping in mind how cold the Abruzzi winters can be, the stage is designed to become an ice-skating rink. I wish the sculpture to participate in the people's every day life, and I am honored to be its creator.
The practical aspects of Pepper's sculpture characterize it as a public work destined to be utilized by the community from an ideological, aesthetic and practical point of view. The Amphisculpture is a living space, a universal theater that welcomes whoever will want to enter it and that celebrates the timeless show of nature.
Parco del Sole - L'Aquila
Inaugurazione 23/09/2018
The diffision of art and culture, with particular attention to the work of artist Beverly Pepper - this is the mission of the Beverly Pepper Projects Foundation.
fondazionebeverlypepper@gmail.com
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