Purpose:: This article is not to discuss the positive or negative points of the 300 Blackout, but rather should survivalist add another caliber to their collection. This is a blog of a survivalist, as such we are going to discuss topics related to prepping / survivalism and from a survivalist point of view.
History: The 300 Blackout was designed to be comparable to the 7.62X39, but to work in the AR platform. Think of a 30-30 short from an AR.
Availability: While the 300 Blackout is available in the AR platform and certain high grade bolt action platforms, it has not made the migration to the lesser expensive bolt action rifles.
When this article was published there are only a handful of bolt action rifles on the market chambered for 300 Blackout. As of early 2012 Savage has cancelled its plans for a 300 Blackout rifle. A Google search for Ruger 300 Blackout did not turn up any company related information.
From a survivalist point of view, why would I want to stockpile yet "another" caliber that is chambered in a limited number of rifles?


Easy Beaver is designed to keep you refreshed and loaded with hops all day long. Every batch of Easy Beaver will feature a different strain of hops to showcase the varietal's flavours and aromas. Crisp, clean, and aromatic, this session brew is bound to make you kick your feet up and smile.


I'm back with some more lovely clothes from Lavendersun to show you. With this summer being such a hot one sometimes the easiest things to put babies and toddlers in are vests or onesies but sometimes they can be a bit plain and boring. If you are looking for some onesies that are a bit prettier or look a bit more like a little outfit then Lavendersun's website is definitely worth a look and they are reasonably priced too. Lavendersun very kindly allowed me to try a couple of their onesies for Little Lady and I wasn't disappointed.
There was such a great selection on their website and I had a super long list of ones I liked but in the end I chose the Rainbow Onesie and the Knitted Polka Onesie.
I was really pleased with the 2 onesies we received and Little Lady looked super cute in them. The Rainbow Onesie is perfect for her because if you have followed us for a while you will know she is my little rainbow baby. The material is really light and perfect for the hot weather. The pretty sleeves make it a bit more special than a standard onesie too. The Knitted Polka Onesie feels really good quality, it is a heavier material but still didn't make her too hot. It's such a cute design and the colour is gorgeous. Both items have washed really well too.
If you're looking for some cute baby onesies for these sunny days then have a look at the Lavendersun website.
These products were sent to me in return for an honest review. Opinions are 100% my own.


— Making Events Less Slippery with eel.
Ryan Cunningham and Eddie Kohler, Proc. 10th Hot Topics in Operating Systems Symposium (HotOS-X), Santa Fe, New Mexico, June 2005, pp 13-18.
The eel project formed Ryan Cunningham's Masters thesis at UCLA. In early 2005 Ryan graduated, went to San Francisco, cofounded Jumpcut, and got married. The code may be downloaded here, but for actual use you should check out Tame; eel is no longer supported.
Includes a version of CIL, which in turn requires a working SML installation. Several READMEs worth of documentation are in the tarball too.
Interprocedural Analysis of Asynchronous Programs, by Ranjit Jhala and Rupak Majumdar, Proc. POPL 2007, automatically verifies several safety properties of two event-driven programs written using libeel as part of its evaluation.


text:
London, November 17, Anar Rzayev, AZERTAC
Organized by Press Association, a meeting of the News Agencies World Council (NACO) has been held in London, UK.
The meeting discussed preparations for and organizational issues relating to the 6th News Agencies World Congress to be held in Sofia, Bulgaria, next year.
Heads and representatives of news agencies, including Azerbaijan State News Agency AZERTAC, UK's Press Association, US' Associated Press, Germany's DPA, Russia's TASS, Spain's EFE, Kuwait's KUNA, Bulgaria's BTA, Romania's AGERPRES, as well as representatives of the Federation of Arab News Agencies (FANA) and the European Alliance of News Agencies (EANA) attended the event.
AZERTAC's former head of international relations department, student of City, University of London Anar Rzayev represented the agency at the event.
The NACO members decided that official letters of invitation to the 6th News Agencies World Congress will be sent from the beginning of next year on behalf of the president of the News Agencies World Congress, Chairman of the Board of AZERTAC Aslan Aslanov, Director General of Bulgaria's BTA agency, Secretary General of the Congress Maxim Minchev, and president of the News Agencies World Council, PA Group CEO Clive Marshall.
The meeting also reviewed the issue of AZERTAC's handing over the Congress' website to the Bulgarian BTA agency next January.
The NACO approved that the Congress will be held in Sofia on June 13-14, while cultural events will be held in Plovdiv.
The proposals on the strengthening of relations among the Congress members put forward by Clive Marshall, Maxim Minchev and Farid Ayar aroused interest among the meeting participants.
First Deputy Director General of the Russian news agency TASS Mikhail Gusman hailed the importance of breakout sessions which were recently held in Baku and St. Petersburg, saying inclusion of the fake news problem in the list of topics to be discussed at the Congress is of vital significance.
The NACO approved Congress' four breakout sessions to be held under the mottoes "New sources of income", "Fake news", "Artificial Intelligence", and "Diversification" which will be moderated by four persons.
The Council members decided to hold the next planning meeting prior to the News Agencies World Congress on March 7, 2019 in Sofia.
The 5th News Agencies World Congress, which is now chaired by AZERTAC, was held on November 16-17 in Baku.
First session of Baku Congress discusses the future of news consumption
News Agencies World Council meets in London

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Shant Chakerian
Talia Nicoghosian
Gregory Shentwu
Sarkis Atechyan
Nikki Grigoryan
Nareh Leon
Workers' Compensation FAQ
Workers' Compensation Basics
What Is An Injury?
Serious Work Comp Injuries
Do I Need A Workers' Comp Lawyer?
Facebook LinkedIn Avvo
Email: legal@kcnslaw.com
Shant H. Chakerian is a founding partner and managing partner at KCNS Law Group, LLP, a law firm that specializes in Workers' Compensation law. As a workers' compensation litigation applicant attorney, Mr. Chakerian has successfully represented hundreds of injured workers in a wide array of injuries including specific work injuries, repetitive trauma, catastrophic injuries as well as death claims on behalf of deceased workers' dependents.
Talia Nicoghosian is presently a partner at KCNS Law Group, LLP. She started her career in workers' compensation law in 2006 as a certified paralegal and hearing representative focusing the majority of her time on government defense accounts. Throughout her vast experience in workers' compensation litigation, she has developed extensive skills handling complex matters involving work-related injuries.
Gregory Y. Shentwu is a Partner with KCNS Law Group and currently focuses his practice on workers' compensation and personal injury matters. His legal experience has been primarily defense-oriented. He started out as a law clerk for the Los Angeles City Attorney's Office in both its Civil Liability Division and Employment Litigation Unit.
Senior Lead Counsel
Nikki Grigoryan has been practicing law, both on the defense and applicant/plaintiff side for the past 17 years. Her experience started in criminal law while attending law school at California Western School of Law in San Diego.
Sarkis Atechyan is an associate attorney at KCNS Law Group, LLP. Mr. Atechyan graduated from UCLA and thereafter earned his Juris Doctorate from Loyola Law School in Los Angeles in 2006. He is admitted to practice law in the States of California, Colorado and North Carolina.
Nareh Leon has been a member of KCNS Law Group since its inception. She currently serves as the office administrator and oversees the daily operations of the firm, including management of personnel and staff operations. Ms. Leon's commitment towards helping our clients has made her an integral part of the KCNS team.
KCNS Law Group, LLP
KCNS Law Group, LLP, represents individuals throughout Glendale and Southern California.
© 2019 KCNS Law Group LLP


text:
//====================================================================================================================//
// File:          qcan_socket_canpie_fd.hpp                                                                           //
// Description:   QCAN classes - CAN socket for CANpie FD                                                             //
//                                                                                //
// Copyright (C) MicroControl GmbH & Co. KG                                                                           //
// 53844 Troisdorf - Germany                                                                                //
// www.microcontrol.net                                                                                //
//                                                                                //
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the   //
// following conditions are met:                                                                                //
// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions, the following   //
//    disclaimer and the referenced file 'LICENSE'.                                                                   //
// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the       //
//    following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.                //
// 3. Neither the name of MicroControl nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products   //
//    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.                                           //
//                                                                                //
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance     //
// with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at                                                          //
//                                                                                //
//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0                                                                      //
//                                                                                //
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed   //
// on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for  //
// the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.                                     //
//                                                                                //
//====================================================================================================================//

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
** Include files                                                                                **
**                                                                                **
\*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include "../../canpie-fd/cp_core.h"
#include "../../canpie-fd/cp_msg.h"
#include "qcan_socket.hpp"

#ifndef QCAN_SOCKET_CANPIE_HPP_
#define QCAN_SOCKET_CANPIE_HPP_

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*!
** \class   QCanSocketCpFD
**
** The QCanSocketCpFD class provides an interface between the %CANpie FD core functions and the QCanSocket class.
** Hence it is possible to write applications using the C API of %CANpie FD.
*/
class QCanSocketCpFD : public QCanSocket
{
   Q_OBJECT

public:
   QCanSocketCpFD();

   ~QCanSocketCpFD();

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreBitrate( CpPort_ts *ptsPortV, int32_t slNomBitRateV,
         int32_t slDatBitRateV);

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreBufferConfig( CpPort_ts * ptsPortV,
         uint8_t   ubBufferIdxV,
         uint32_t  ulIdentifierV,
         uint32_t  ulAcceptMaskV,
         uint8_t   ubFormatV,
         uint8_t   ubDirectionV);

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreBufferGetData( CpPort_ts * ptsPortV,
         uint8_t   ubBufferIdxV,
         uint8_t * pubDestDataV,
         uint8_t   ubStartPosV,
         uint8_t   ubSizeV);

   friend   CpStatus_tv CpCoreBufferGetDlc(  CpPort_ts * ptsPortV,
         uint8_t ubBufferIdxV, uint8_t * pubDlcV);

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreBufferRelease( CpPort_ts * ptsPortV,
         uint8_t ubBufferIdxV);

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreBufferSend(CpPort_ts * ptsPortV, uint8_t ubBufferIdxV);

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreBufferSetData( CpPort_ts * ptsPortV,
         uint8_t ubBufferIdxV,  uint8_t * pubSrcDataV,
         uint8_t   ubStartPosV, uint8_t   ubSizeV);

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreBufferSetDlc(  CpPort_ts * ptsPortV,
         uint8_t ubBufferIdxV, uint8_t ubDlcV);

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreCanMode(CpPort_ts * ptsPortV, uint8_t ubModeV);

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreCanState(CpPort_ts * ptsPortV, CpState_ts * ptsStateV);

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreDriverInit(uint8_t ubPhyIfV, CpPort_ts * ptsPortV,
         uint8_t ubConfigV);

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreDriverRelease(CpPort_ts * ptsPortV);

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreFifoConfig(CpPort_ts * ptsPortV, uint8_t ubBufferIdxV,
         CpFifo_ts * ptsFifoV);

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreFifoRead(CpPort_ts * ptsPortV, uint8_t ubBufferIdxV,
         CpCanMsg_ts * ptsCanMsgV,
         uint32_t * pulMsgCntV);

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreFifoRelease(CpPort_ts * ptsPortV, uint8_t ubBufferIdxV);

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreFifoWrite(CpPort_ts * ptsPortV, uint8_t ubBufferIdxV,
         CpCanMsg_ts * ptsCanMsgV,
         uint32_t * pulMsgCntV);

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreHDI(CpPort_ts *ptsPortV, CpHdi_ts *ptsHdiV);

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreIntFunctions( CpPort_ts * ptsPortV,
         uint8_t (* pfnRcvHandler)(CpCanMsg_ts *, uint8_t),
         uint8_t (* pfnTrmHandler)(CpCanMsg_ts *, uint8_t),
         uint8_t (* pfnErrHandler)(CpState_ts *) );

   friend  CpStatus_tv CpCoreStatistic(CpPort_ts * ptsPortV, CpStatistic_ts * ptsStatsV);

private slots:
   void           onSocketReceive(void);

private:
   QCanFrame      fromCpMsg(uint8_t ubMsgBufferV);
   QCanFrame      fromCpMsg(CpCanMsg_ts * ptsCanMsgV);
   CpCanMsg_ts    fromCanFrame(QCanFrame & clCanFrameR);

   void           handleCanFrame(QCanFrame & clCanFrameR);

   //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // simulation of CAN message buffer
   //
   CpCanMsg_ts    atsCanMsgP[CP_BUFFER_MAX];
   uint32_t       atsAccMaskP[CP_BUFFER_MAX];

   //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // these pointers store the callback handlers
   //
   uint8_t        (* pfnRcvIntHandlerP) (CpCanMsg_ts *, uint8_t);
   uint8_t        (* pfnTrmIntHandlerP) (CpCanMsg_ts *, uint8_t);
   uint8_t        (* pfnErrIntHandlerP) (CpState_ts *);

   //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // these pointers store the FIFOs
   //
   CpFifo_ts *    aptsCanFifoP[CP_BUFFER_MAX];

   //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // store configured nominal bit-rate and data bit-rate
   //
   int32_t        slNomBitRateP;
   int32_t        slDatBitRateP;

   //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // statistic counter values
   //
   CpStatistic_ts tsStatisticP;

   //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // CAN state value
   //
   CpState_ts     tsCanStateP;

};

CpStatus_tv    CpSocketConnectSlots( uint8_t ubPhyIfV, QObject * pclDestObjectV,
                                     const char * pubSockConnectV,
                                     const char * pubSockDisconnectV,
                                     const char * pubSockErrorV);

QCanSocket *   CpSocketInstance(uint8_t ubPhyIfV);

CpStatus_tv    CpSocketSetHostAddress(uint8_t ubPhyIfV, QHostAddress clHostAddressV);

//-------------------------------------------------------------------//
// The following function has C binding                              //
#ifdef __cplusplus                                                   //
extern "C" {                                                         //
#endif                                                               //
//-------------------------------------------------------------------//

void CpSocketProcessEvents();

//-------------------------------------------------------------------//
#ifdef __cplusplus                                                   //
}                                                                    //
#endif                                                               //
// end of C++ compiler wrapper                                       //
//-------------------------------------------------------------------//

#endif   // QCAN_SOCKET_CANPIE_HPP_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Hollywood actress Scarlet Johansson has announced that she is withdrawing from her upcoming movie role as a transgender.
Hollywood actress Scarlett Johansson has announced that she is withdrawing from her upcoming movie role as a transgender man due to the backlash from the trans community. Apparently, the community is adamant that only a "real transgender" actor/actress can properly play a transgender role. In keeping with Hollywood's politically correct cause of the day, she buckled to the pressure.
Since apparently only an actual transgender person can play a transgender role, does that preclude a transgender actor/actress from playing a non-trans role? How about Tom Cruise in his role in the upcoming remake of the movie "Top Gun"? I call upon all real fighter pilots to protest this casting faux pas. Obviously, Mr. Cruise's role can be filled only by a real fighter pilot.
The examples can go on forever.
Note to Hollywood elites: Your professional existence centers around you pretending (albeit poorly at times) to be someone you are not. Ms. Johansson's star power in this role would probably have advanced both her career and the transgender message. Instead, the demand for inclusivity will likely result in another pile of film on the cutting room floor.


text:
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Bowel Cancer Screening: Who, When, How?
New NHMRC guidelines put age and family history up front and centre in determining who should be screened for bowel cancer with colonoscopy and who needs iFOBT.
It has been known for some time that family history can influence the risk of developing bowel cancer, Australia's second most common cause of cancer death. But it is also known that specific, identified genetic mutations causing conditions such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis are rare, accounting for less than 5% of all bowel cancers diagnosed. At most, the researchers say, this only explains half of the reasons why family history is a risk factor for bowel cancer.
"The remainder of the observed increases in familial risk could be due in part to mutations in yet to be discovered colorectal cancer susceptibility genes, polygenic factors such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms, or dietary and other lifestyle factors shared by family members," the guideline authors said in the Medical Journal of Australia.
Therefore, the researchers, led by Professor Mark Jenkins, director of the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, in the University of Melbourne's School of Population and Global Health, analysed all the available cohort studies to determine the risk of developing colorectal cancer based on age and family history. They categorised cohorts into one of three levels of risk and this determined at what age screening would be worthwhile starting and which screening method was most appropriate. The screening guidelines exclude people with a known or suspected cancer-causing genetic syndrome, as these people require much more intensive screening and should be managed in a family cancer clinic.
The majority of Australians (90%) fall into the lowest risk category, category 1, which puts their risk at age 40 of developing colorectal cancer in the next 10 years at about 0.25% (one in 400). As with most other cancers age is a risk factor, so it is unsurprising that at age 50 the risk of developing this cancer has risen to 0.9%.
Screening for this category 1 group should be the two-yearly iFOBT test that is currently available via the National Bowel Screening program for adults between the ages of 50 and 74 years. Interestingly, people aged 75 and older still develop bowel cancer but there have been no studies to determine the cost-effectiveness or benefit vs risk analysis of screening in this age group which is why the program and the guideline recommendations stop at 74 years.
One of the differences in these new guidelines, a revision from the previous ones published back in 2005, is that people with a first degree relative who has had or has a bowel cancer at age 55 or older are still considered at average risk (category 1).
However, people with this history might consider starting the iFOBT screening at a younger age (45 years), the guideline authors suggest.
Category 2 includes people with a moderately increased risk of developing colorectal cancer, 3-6 times higher than average. This will mean having a first degree relative diagnosed with a bowel cancer before the age of 55 or having two first degree relatives who developed bowel cancer at any age (or one first degree and two second degree relatives).
Category 2 people are recommended to have iFOBT every two years for the decade between ages 40 and 50 and then switch to five yearly colonoscopies until the age of 75.
Finally, the high risk, category 3 is for all those patients without a genetic syndrome whose family history is even stronger than those people in category 2. Their risk is between 7-10 times higher than average.
This includes people with at least three first-degree relatives who have been diagnosed with colorectal cancer at any age or people who have multiple relatives with the cancer including at least one diagnosed before aged 55.
These high-risk people need to start screening earlier, with the guidelines recommending iFOBT every two years starting at age 35 and continuing for 10 years and then having a colonoscopy every five years between the ages of 45 and 75.
Of note is that the revised guidelines have deleted the reference in the previous guidelines to starting screening 10 years before the earliest age colorectal cancer was diagnosed in a first degree relative.
"There have been no studies conducted to determine the utility of beginning screening 10 years before the earliest diagnosis in the family, which was a recommendation in the 2005 guidelines and, therefore, it is not included in these guidelines," they said.
The new guidelines aim not only to more strongly define risk based on the latest evidence, but also to determine the most appropriate screening method based on that risk, taking into consideration cost-effectiveness and rationalisation of available services, in particular, colonoscopies.
Jenkins MA, Ouakrim DA, Boussioutas A, Hopper JL, Ee HC, Emery JD, et al. Revised Australian national guidelines for colorectal cancer screening: family history. Med J Aust. 2018 Oct 29.
doi: 10.5694/mja18.00142. [epub ahead of print]
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text:
How the British Empire created foreign investment
The power and scale of the British Empire gave birth to modern-day globalisation, multinational enterprise and foreign investment.
Sebastian Shehadi
Britain's expansion was the forefather of FDI and globalisation, but it wasn't always welcomed, as this sketch from a 19th-century US magazine shows. (Photo by Fotosearch/Getty Images).
At its height in the early 20th century, the British Empire comprised almost one-quarter of the world's land surface and population. In fact, "the empire on which the sun never sets", as it was known, had a significant presence in at least 94 present-day countries (almost half the world total).
However, it was in the previous century that Great Britain grew indomitable, commanding control over global trade and economics, even in regions that were outside its formal boundaries.
The sheer military, political, economic and cultural influence of 19th-century Britain (Pax Britannica), made it quite possibly the most hegemonic superpower the world has ever known. Out of its global system emerged multinational companies (private and public) that undertook the earliest forms of what one would now call foreign investment.
Britannia rules the seas of investment
Foreign investment is one of the key parts of modern day globalisation, but its roots go way back to British colonial era.
Although many of the economic activities under Britain's former empire may not meet current definitions of foreign direct investment (FDI) or foreign portfolio investment (FPI), foreign investment in the wider sense was very much alive and well.
Loans and stock markets aside, many 19th-century British companies were involved in sophisticated forms of FDI that included "direct investment; joint ventures; licensing; strategic alliances; subcontracting; triangle manufacture; agency management; systematic buying; branch and agency business; joint purse and leasing arrangements; cartel arrangements; facilitated control; and coordination in transnational webs of enterprise", wrote professor of economic geography, Gordon M Winder, in a paper from the University of Auckland.
In particular, the 19th and early 20th centuries saw vast sums of capital invested by the British in overseas enterprises. Precise estimates vary, but there is general agreement that by 1914 the country was, by far, the world's leading creditor and bank.
Between 1865 and 1914, as much British investment went to Africa, Asia and Latin America as to the UK itself, according to an academic paper from the University of Cornell. While in the years between 1871 and 1913, some 4–8% of gross national product was being sent out of the country by British investors, a number that was significantly higher than that for other developed countries at the time.
Between 1860 and 1912, British firms operating in the empire had higher returns than domestic enterprises, and also outperformed British companies operating overseas outside the empire. William N Goetzmann, Yale University
Investing in colonised countries was a particularly lucrative exercise. "Between 1860 and 1912, British firms operating in the empire had higher returns than domestic enterprises, and also outperformed British companies operating overseas outside the empire," wrote William N Goetzmann from Yale University.
Within the empire, ease of doing business was very high for British companies, and therefore profits too, since the resources and workforce of subject countries were largely at the mercy of the British authorities. For lenders, however, foreign loans to poorer countries (in or out of the empire) came with high rewards, but high risks too.
"By 1843, British citizens were believed to hold more than ₤120m of foreign bonds, including those of the American states, but at least ₤50m were in default with dividends anything from five to 25 years overdue," wrote Goetzmann.
Nonetheless, the 1800s was the belle époque for the empire and its investors, but the origin of this success began long before that era, back in the 16th century when Britain began establishing overseas colonies.
The world's first foreign investors
Foreign investment was born out of the earliest days of international trade and finance.
Britain's first known joint-stock company in its domestic base was the Russia Company, formed in 1553 by a group of London merchants on an expedition to seek a north-east passage to China and the Indies. The ships landed in Archangel, and the company made a charter giving it a monopoly of trade in Russia.
"Investors in the Russia Company were not making an international investment in the strictest sense, because their capital was not all deployed abroad," according to Goetzmann. "Nonetheless, the risks that the company faced were international in nature."
The most famous chartered company (and one of the earliest) was The East India Company, which was also an international trade enterprise. Joint-stock companies were formed for the colonisation of Virginia (1606), Bermuda (1611), Guiana (1619), New England (1620) and Nova Scotia (1621), according to Goetzmann. By 1620, the East India Company had nearly 1,000 shareholders and a subscribed stock of ₤1.63m.
These multinational enterprises were the precursors to the British Empire, laying the framework for the more sophisticated practices of FDI or FPI in the centuries to come —most of which involved the construction or funding of infrastructure abroad (such as railways), or the extraction of natural resources in colonial nations.
The first foreign government loan was issued in London in 1706 (for ₤500,000) on behalf of the Emperor of Germany, but Britain was lending much further afield by the 19th century, both in and out of the empire.
Of the different types of securities quoted on the London Stock Exchange in 1843, loans to foreign governments represented 11% of the securities, as well as private international enterprises such as the East India Company, the South Sea Company, and 24 foreign mining companies.
In fact, by 1875, foreign investment was so popular that the government appointed a committee to investigate why so many foreign loans were defaulting, with a special focus on Honduras, San Domingo, Costa Rica and Paraguay.
The inventions that forged foreign investment
Of course, none of the above would have been possible without Britain's impressive naval prowess.
In fact, there were many innovations that underlay the empire's success and the FDI spending spree of the 1800s. Of these, the telegraph was key.
By 1870, with the development of the electric telegraph network, British investors could receive news concerning political events worldwide, economic and trade news, and even news regarding the weather and the storms affecting the crops in the colonies. William N Goetzmann
"The English were the first to lay submarine cables, and are now far in advance of the rest of the world in their manufacture, and in machinery for laying them," wrote George B Prescott in his 1860 book, History, Theory, and Practice of the Electric Telegraph.
By that year, nearly 100 submarine cables totalling more than 40,000km had been laid around the world to connect Britain with the US, Europe, India, Africa, Asia and Russia. In the 1860s, it took eight-and-a-half hours for a telegraphic message to go from London to India, and transmission speeds improved exponentially in the decades to come.
The telegraph changed the nature of international business, and was quickly adopted by the financial community. London was connected to all European financial centres – New York (1866), Melbourne (1872) and Buenos Aires (1874) – as well as more remote locations. Goetzmann writes that by 1871 the annual volume of telegrams between London and New York reached 42,000. After the telegram, it was the telephone service that revolutionised foreign investment.
"These technological developments changed the informational environment of British investors," wrote Goetzmann. "By 1870, with the development of the electric telegraph network, British investors could receive news concerning political events worldwide, economic and trade news, and even news regarding the weather and the storms affecting the crops in the colonies."
Upheld by its technological dominance, the British Empire provided individuals and companies with a highly attractive (albeit sometimes risky) market for international trade, investment and finance. However, given the colonial dynamic of ruler and ruled, such activity was often nothing more than the legal pillaging of foreign lands and people. It is from this dark heritage that globalisation was born, something that has sustained the UK's mighty powers of foreign investment to this day.
Sebastian Shehadi is political editor at Investment Monitor and a contributing writer for the New Statesman. He joined from the Financial Times, where he was an editor at fDi Magazine (undertaking dozens of high-profile interviews with the likes of Ban Ki-moon and Portuguese PM Antonio Costa). Sebastian's special interest include geopolitics, corrosive capital and emerging markets, and he has written for the FT, BBC, Sifted and Middle East Eye. Prior to his journalism career, he served as a political risk analyst at Citibank.
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No Confession, No Mass
Jennifer Perrine
Winner of 2014 Book Prize in Poetry
The winner of the Prairie Schooner Book Prize in Poetry for 2014 is Jennifer Perrine for her manuscript, No Confession, No Mass. She will receive a $3,000 prize and publication by the University of Nebraska Press. Perrine is also the author of In the Human Zoo (University of Utah Press, 2011), recipient of the 2010 Agha Shahid Ali Poetry Prize, and The Body Is No Machine (New Issues, 2007), winner of the 2008 Devil's Kitchen Reading Award in Poetry. Jennifer teaches courses in creative writing and social justice and directs the Women's and Gender Studies program at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa
Whether exploring the porous borders between sin and virtue or examining the lives of saints and mystics to find the human experiences in stories of the divine, the poems in No Confession, No Mass move toward restoration and reunion.
Jennifer Perrine's poems ask what healing might be possible in the face of sexual and gendered violence worldwide—in New Delhi, in Steubenville, in Juárez, and in neighborhoods and homes never named in the news. The book reflects on our own complicity in violence, "not confessing, but unearthing" former selves who were brutal and brutalized—and treating them with compassion. As the poems work through these seeming paradoxes, they also find joy, celebrating transformations and second chances, whether after the failure of a marriage, the return of a reluctant soldier from war, or the everyday passage of time.
Through the play of language in received forms—abecedarian, sonnet, ballad, ghazal, villanelle, ballade—and in free verse buzzing with assonance, alliteration, and rhyme, these poems sing their resistance to violence in all its forms.
Jennifer Perrine is an associate professor of English and directs the Women's and Gender Studies program at Drake University. Perrine is the author of In the Human Zoo, recipient of the Agha Shahid Ali Poetry Prize, and The Body Is No Machine, winner of the Devil's Kitchen Reading Award in Poetry.
"No Confession, No Mass is lyrical, inventive, and full of surprises, offering us fresh ways of seeing old stories. The music is a delight throughout—agile and apt—language enjoying itself! Jennifer Perrine writes: 'and returned her whole, startled raw, launched her back into the world.' This is what fine poetry can do—and No Confession, No Mass does it."—Ellen Bass, author of Like a Beggar
Copyright 2013 Prairie Schooner. All Rights Reserved. Art by Erika Navarrete. Site Design by Chocolog Media.


text:
Five Best
Sports Illustrated's Richard Hoffer says these books about gambling hit the jackpot
March 8, 2008 12:01 am ET
1. Positively Fifth Street
By James McManus
Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2003
"Positively Fifth Street" didn't single-handedly precipitate the recent poker boom (the card-cam may have been the clincher), but let's agree that it contributed mightily. James McManus, sent by Harper's magazine to cover the 2000 World Series of Poker in Las Vegas, ended up producing a classic of participatory journalism. His interlaced account of a sensational murder trial -- the victim had been the poker competition's longtime host -- probably gives the book more drama than required, and the author's ruminations on his own dueling egos (Bad Jim and Good Jim) can be annoying. But all you really need to know is that a professor from the Midwest boned up on Texas Hold 'Em and, in the most capricious and cutthroat tournament known to man, made it to the final table, took fifth place and beat the pros out of a quarter-million bucks.
2. The Man With the $100,000 Breasts
By Michael Konik
Huntington, 1999
The action gene -- whatever it is that makes us bet on the turn of a card or, say, the flight of geese -- isn't mapped here or otherwise decoded. But it is proposed as the source of 90% of our fun. The action- obsessed people that Michael Konik profiles in "The Man With the $100,000 Breasts" all have astonishing tolerances for risk. The thrill may be lost on most of us: The only thing harder to comprehend than a man's willingness to accept a $100,000 bet that he won't be able to wear size 38C breast implants for a year is his reluctance to part with them once he collects his money. But the exhilaration of people quite certain that they can guess the future is oddly inspiring.
3. Double Down
By Frederick and Steven Barthelme
Houghton Mifflin, 1999


How to make a Mojito?
The most important ingredient apart from the rum is the mint. I have tried to source the Cuban mint, unfortunately I have not been able to. Instead of using the far too strong spearmint I suggest to use greek mint.
Although some recipes tell you to use powdered sugar, I wouldn't not advise it. This is far too sweet and having watched and chatted to many bartenders it is better to go for ordinary sugar. The original recipe of Mojito is with lime juice, but the Cubans have moved on and use mostly lemon juice these days. It gives you a far milder taste. In the end you want to taste the rum and a hint of the other ingredients.
The really knack is to crush the mint leaves. So if you prefer the stirred version, you have to crush (or batter) the leaves before you add it to the glass.
Many thanks to all those great guys, who advised me on the various recipes from Havana to the southern coast of Cuba.
Put lemon juice, sugar and mint in a glass. Stamp or stir it till the sugar has dissolved. Add the ice fill up with the sparkling mineral water till half full. Stir for 2 minutes. Add the rum. Stir again. If the glass is not completely full, top up with more sparkling water.


Update on main servers and any new services installed/updated.
Progress with ISS to get authentication against their servers?
It was found that the ecs radius servers have a network port in the dmz and thus firewall rules are no longer required to allow us to authenticate our users with the ecs radius servers. jay-dmz is now authorized for use by both vpn and auth while wren-dmz still only responds to vpn due to the key not being updated on it to allow a connection from auth. John Winn has been contacted about this issue.
VPN also no longer works since the change which is an issue Dave Tarrant is attempting to sort out.
Since this update however auth now has a splash screen page which can authenticate both sown users (stored in a shadow file with unix encryption on auth) and ecs users (radius) successfully :) Sown users are username@sown.org.uk (or just username) and ecs users are username@ecs.soton.ac.uk.
A copy of dhcp3 was compiled to fit on the campus nodes and this was successfully installed onto the 128mb flash card of sown zepler hense the nice event based scripts can be run when users connect, see sown[at]home for why this turned out to be a waste of time.
Whilst fiddling around the dhcp3-server it was decided to see if we could get it working on a fon node running the openWRT image we are attempting to get on the rest of the nodes. Simple answer was NO, too many dependancies. However we did find that dnsmasq, the sort-of makeshift but working dhcp server which comes with openWRT (and debian for that matter) also has an event handler and there are plenty of binaries for this which include it. We also managed to get bash on the fon node and the script which works on sown-zepler/bluesocket can now be adapted to run on the sown[at]home nodes with dnsmasq. dnsmasq will now also be used on the main nodes to keep down the level of complication for future updates.
Trails have also been going on to find out how to connect the nodes 10.13.X.0/24 ip ranges and it was found that pptp over ssh works better than expected see pptp-ssh. There are however still trials which need to be done in how to get the nodes to re-establish the connection if it is lost. It was also decided at the meeting that xxxx.sown.org.uk should be used as the pptp server as ROOT access is required to the server by the nodes to set the tunnels up. Dave Tarrant will email the relavent parties to get port 22 allowed to this server from external.
Newer trials today revealed that OpenVPN does work rather nicely and doesn't require root login by the nodes on auth.sown.org.uk which is much prefered. openvpn will also reestablish connections. To make routing easier and firewall configs easy onlt a single tap/tun interface will be created on auth.sown.org.uk which has been assigned 10.13.128.0/20 thus all the nodes which connect to the vpn should get a low end ip 128.1 - 129-255 and we can start assigning the nodes /26's from within this /20. This means the routes all all neatly aggregated for RIP and the entire network is nicely connected.
Nick suspects that we no longer have a physical link to the ipv6 router so it needs to go onto our VLAN.


text:
Optimisation, validation and field applicability of a 13C-sucrose breath test to assess intestinal function in environmental enteropathy among children in resource poor settings: Study protocol for a prospective study in Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Jamaica, Peru and Zambia
Gwenyth O. Lee, Robert Schillinger, Nirupama Shivakumar, Sherine Whyte, Sayeeda Huq, Silvenus Ochieng Konyole, Justin Chileshe, Maribel Paredes-Olortegui, Victor Owino, Roger Yazbeck, Margaret N. Kosek, Paul Kelly, Douglas Morrison
Introduction Environmental enteropathy (EE) is suspected to be a cause of growth faltering in children with sustained exposure to enteric pathogens, typically in resource-limited settings. A major hindrance to EE research is the lack of sensitive, non-invasive biomarkers. Current biomarkers measure intestinal permeability and inflammation, but not the functional capacity of the gut. Australian researchers have demonstrated proof of concept for an EE breath test based on using naturally 13 C-enriched sucrose, derived from maize, to assay intestinal sucrase activity, a digestive enzyme that is impaired in villus blunting. Here, we describe a coordinated research project to optimise, validate and evaluate the usability of a breath test protocol based on highly enriched 13 C-sucrose to quantify physiological dysfunction in EE in relevant target populations. Methods and analysis We use the 13 C-sucrose breath test (13 C-SBT) to evaluate intestinal sucrase activity in two phases. First, an optimisation and validation phase will (1) confirm that a 13 C-SBT using highly enriched sucrose tracers reports similar information to the naturally enriched 13 C-SBT; (2) examine the dose-response relationship of the test to an intestinal sucrase inhibitor; (3) validate the 13 C-SBT in paediatric coeliac disease (4) validate the highly enriched 13 C-SBT against EE defined by biopsy in adults and (5) validate the 13 C-SBT against EE defined by the urinary lactulose:rhamnose ratio (LR) among children in Peru. Second, a cross-sectional study will be conducted in six resource-limited countries (Bangladesh, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Peru and Zambia) to test the usability of the optimised 13 C-SBT to assess EE among 600 children aged 12-15 months old. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval will be obtained from each participating study site. By working as a consortium, the test, if shown to be informative of EE, will demonstrate strong evidence for utility across diverse, low-income and middle-income country paediatric populations. Trial registration number NCT04109352; Pre-results.
gastrointestinal infections
10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035841Licence: CC BY-NC
Lee_Optimisation_P2020Final published version, 461 KBLicence: CC BY-NC
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Optimisation, validation and field applicability of a 13C-sucrose breath test to assess intestinal function in environmental enteropathy among children in resource poor settings: Study protocol for a prospective study in Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Jamaica, Peru and Zambia'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Jamaica Medicine & Life Sciences
Zambia Medicine & Life Sciences
Peru Medicine & Life Sciences
Breath Tests Medicine & Life Sciences
Bangladesh Medicine & Life Sciences
Kenya Medicine & Life Sciences
Sucrose Medicine & Life Sciences
India Medicine & Life Sciences
Lee, G. O., Schillinger, R., Shivakumar, N., Whyte, S., Huq, S., Ochieng Konyole, S., Chileshe, J., Paredes-Olortegui, M., Owino, V., Yazbeck, R., Kosek, M. N., Kelly, P., & Morrison, D. (2020). Optimisation, validation and field applicability of a 13C-sucrose breath test to assess intestinal function in environmental enteropathy among children in resource poor settings: Study protocol for a prospective study in Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Jamaica, Peru and Zambia. BMJ Open, 10(11), [e035841]. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035841
Lee, Gwenyth O. ; Schillinger, Robert ; Shivakumar, Nirupama ; Whyte, Sherine ; Huq, Sayeeda ; Ochieng Konyole, Silvenus ; Chileshe, Justin ; Paredes-Olortegui, Maribel ; Owino, Victor ; Yazbeck, Roger ; Kosek, Margaret N. ; Kelly, Paul ; Morrison, Douglas. / Optimisation, validation and field applicability of a 13C-sucrose breath test to assess intestinal function in environmental enteropathy among children in resource poor settings : Study protocol for a prospective study in Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Jamaica, Peru and Zambia. In: BMJ Open. 2020 ; Vol. 10, No. 11.
@article{4441b11d8c9c4489926caa821ec00547,
title = "Optimisation, validation and field applicability of a 13C-sucrose breath test to assess intestinal function in environmental enteropathy among children in resource poor settings: Study protocol for a prospective study in Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Jamaica, Peru and Zambia",
abstract = "Introduction Environmental enteropathy (EE) is suspected to be a cause of growth faltering in children with sustained exposure to enteric pathogens, typically in resource-limited settings. A major hindrance to EE research is the lack of sensitive, non-invasive biomarkers. Current biomarkers measure intestinal permeability and inflammation, but not the functional capacity of the gut. Australian researchers have demonstrated proof of concept for an EE breath test based on using naturally 13 C-enriched sucrose, derived from maize, to assay intestinal sucrase activity, a digestive enzyme that is impaired in villus blunting. Here, we describe a coordinated research project to optimise, validate and evaluate the usability of a breath test protocol based on highly enriched 13 C-sucrose to quantify physiological dysfunction in EE in relevant target populations. Methods and analysis We use the 13 C-sucrose breath test (13 C-SBT) to evaluate intestinal sucrase activity in two phases. First, an optimisation and validation phase will (1) confirm that a 13 C-SBT using highly enriched sucrose tracers reports similar information to the naturally enriched 13 C-SBT; (2) examine the dose-response relationship of the test to an intestinal sucrase inhibitor; (3) validate the 13 C-SBT in paediatric coeliac disease (4) validate the highly enriched 13 C-SBT against EE defined by biopsy in adults and (5) validate the 13 C-SBT against EE defined by the urinary lactulose:rhamnose ratio (LR) among children in Peru. Second, a cross-sectional study will be conducted in six resource-limited countries (Bangladesh, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Peru and Zambia) to test the usability of the optimised 13 C-SBT to assess EE among 600 children aged 12-15 months old. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval will be obtained from each participating study site. By working as a consortium, the test, if shown to be informative of EE, will demonstrate strong evidence for utility across diverse, low-income and middle-income country paediatric populations. Trial registration number NCT04109352; Pre-results. ",
keywords = "coeliac disease, community child health, endoscopy, gastrointestinal infections, paediatric gastroenterology, public health",
author = "Lee, {Gwenyth O.} and Robert Schillinger and Nirupama Shivakumar and Sherine Whyte and Sayeeda Huq and {Ochieng Konyole}, Silvenus and Justin Chileshe and Maribel Paredes-Olortegui and Victor Owino and Roger Yazbeck and Kosek, {Margaret N.} and Paul Kelly and Douglas Morrison",
publisher = "group.bmj.com",
Lee, GO, Schillinger, R, Shivakumar, N, Whyte, S, Huq, S, Ochieng Konyole, S, Chileshe, J, Paredes-Olortegui, M, Owino, V, Yazbeck, R, Kosek, MN, Kelly, P & Morrison, D 2020, 'Optimisation, validation and field applicability of a 13C-sucrose breath test to assess intestinal function in environmental enteropathy among children in resource poor settings: Study protocol for a prospective study in Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Jamaica, Peru and Zambia', BMJ Open, vol. 10, no. 11, e035841. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035841
Optimisation, validation and field applicability of a 13C-sucrose breath test to assess intestinal function in environmental enteropathy among children in resource poor settings : Study protocol for a prospective study in Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Jamaica, Peru and Zambia. / Lee, Gwenyth O.; Schillinger, Robert; Shivakumar, Nirupama; Whyte, Sherine; Huq, Sayeeda; Ochieng Konyole, Silvenus; Chileshe, Justin; Paredes-Olortegui, Maribel; Owino, Victor; Yazbeck, Roger; Kosek, Margaret N.; Kelly, Paul; Morrison, Douglas.
In: BMJ Open, Vol. 10, No. 11, e035841, 17.11.2020.
T1 - Optimisation, validation and field applicability of a 13C-sucrose breath test to assess intestinal function in environmental enteropathy among children in resource poor settings
T2 - Study protocol for a prospective study in Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Jamaica, Peru and Zambia
AU - Lee, Gwenyth O.
AU - Schillinger, Robert
AU - Shivakumar, Nirupama
AU - Whyte, Sherine
AU - Huq, Sayeeda
AU - Ochieng Konyole, Silvenus
AU - Chileshe, Justin
AU - Paredes-Olortegui, Maribel
AU - Owino, Victor
AU - Yazbeck, Roger
AU - Kosek, Margaret N.
AU - Kelly, Paul
AU - Morrison, Douglas
N2 - Introduction Environmental enteropathy (EE) is suspected to be a cause of growth faltering in children with sustained exposure to enteric pathogens, typically in resource-limited settings. A major hindrance to EE research is the lack of sensitive, non-invasive biomarkers. Current biomarkers measure intestinal permeability and inflammation, but not the functional capacity of the gut. Australian researchers have demonstrated proof of concept for an EE breath test based on using naturally 13 C-enriched sucrose, derived from maize, to assay intestinal sucrase activity, a digestive enzyme that is impaired in villus blunting. Here, we describe a coordinated research project to optimise, validate and evaluate the usability of a breath test protocol based on highly enriched 13 C-sucrose to quantify physiological dysfunction in EE in relevant target populations. Methods and analysis We use the 13 C-sucrose breath test (13 C-SBT) to evaluate intestinal sucrase activity in two phases. First, an optimisation and validation phase will (1) confirm that a 13 C-SBT using highly enriched sucrose tracers reports similar information to the naturally enriched 13 C-SBT; (2) examine the dose-response relationship of the test to an intestinal sucrase inhibitor; (3) validate the 13 C-SBT in paediatric coeliac disease (4) validate the highly enriched 13 C-SBT against EE defined by biopsy in adults and (5) validate the 13 C-SBT against EE defined by the urinary lactulose:rhamnose ratio (LR) among children in Peru. Second, a cross-sectional study will be conducted in six resource-limited countries (Bangladesh, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Peru and Zambia) to test the usability of the optimised 13 C-SBT to assess EE among 600 children aged 12-15 months old. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval will be obtained from each participating study site. By working as a consortium, the test, if shown to be informative of EE, will demonstrate strong evidence for utility across diverse, low-income and middle-income country paediatric populations. Trial registration number NCT04109352; Pre-results.
AB - Introduction Environmental enteropathy (EE) is suspected to be a cause of growth faltering in children with sustained exposure to enteric pathogens, typically in resource-limited settings. A major hindrance to EE research is the lack of sensitive, non-invasive biomarkers. Current biomarkers measure intestinal permeability and inflammation, but not the functional capacity of the gut. Australian researchers have demonstrated proof of concept for an EE breath test based on using naturally 13 C-enriched sucrose, derived from maize, to assay intestinal sucrase activity, a digestive enzyme that is impaired in villus blunting. Here, we describe a coordinated research project to optimise, validate and evaluate the usability of a breath test protocol based on highly enriched 13 C-sucrose to quantify physiological dysfunction in EE in relevant target populations. Methods and analysis We use the 13 C-sucrose breath test (13 C-SBT) to evaluate intestinal sucrase activity in two phases. First, an optimisation and validation phase will (1) confirm that a 13 C-SBT using highly enriched sucrose tracers reports similar information to the naturally enriched 13 C-SBT; (2) examine the dose-response relationship of the test to an intestinal sucrase inhibitor; (3) validate the 13 C-SBT in paediatric coeliac disease (4) validate the highly enriched 13 C-SBT against EE defined by biopsy in adults and (5) validate the 13 C-SBT against EE defined by the urinary lactulose:rhamnose ratio (LR) among children in Peru. Second, a cross-sectional study will be conducted in six resource-limited countries (Bangladesh, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Peru and Zambia) to test the usability of the optimised 13 C-SBT to assess EE among 600 children aged 12-15 months old. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval will be obtained from each participating study site. By working as a consortium, the test, if shown to be informative of EE, will demonstrate strong evidence for utility across diverse, low-income and middle-income country paediatric populations. Trial registration number NCT04109352; Pre-results.
KW - coeliac disease
KW - community child health
KW - endoscopy
KW - gastrointestinal infections
KW - paediatric gastroenterology
KW - public health
Lee GO, Schillinger R, Shivakumar N, Whyte S, Huq S, Ochieng Konyole S et al. Optimisation, validation and field applicability of a 13C-sucrose breath test to assess intestinal function in environmental enteropathy among children in resource poor settings: Study protocol for a prospective study in Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Jamaica, Peru and Zambia. BMJ Open. 2020 Nov 17;10(11). e035841. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035841


Water purifier reviews can be a great help to anyone who is interested in buying a water purifier for the first time.
Now that home water purification has reached such vast popularity more and more companies have been manufacturing them, so trying to select the right water purifier can feel like wading through a sea of different devices, each with different features and purification methods.
To find the water purifier that best suits your needs, it is a good idea to read water purifier reviews of the different types of devices you are considering. Not all water purifiers are alike, and neither are all methods of purifying water. For example, you would not choose the same water purifier for your home as you would for your RV, and for backpacking you would need a portable unit that is capable of purifying water from questionable sources.
The first step is to determine exactly what you will be using the water purifier for, then focus on reading water purifier reviews of that specific type of device. For households, there are several choices.
Typically, the purpose of a household water purifier is to improve the taste and quality of municipal or well water by removing common impurities such as chlorine and various metals. Because municipal water is already treated and disinfected before it reaches your home, you usually don't have to worry about contamination from dangerous viruses and bacteria, so your primary concerns are taste and low levels of toxins.
For this, a carbon-based water filter will do the job nicely, and will even remove many types of bacteria if they happen to be present. You can install an under-sink model or if you prefer, choose from one of the many water purifier pitchers on the market. For this type of filter, there isn't a lot of difference from one brand to another aside from design.
Carbon filters are a simple and cost effective way to improve the quality of your household water, but if you want a higher level of purification, you may opt for a distiller or a reverse osmosis system. These systems are more expensive, but they remove a wider range of contaminants than a carbon filter alone, including bacteria and viruses. They are useful in areas where the quality of the water supply is uncertain, or when boil water advisories are in effect.
For travellers, backpackers, and outdoor enthusiasts, there is a vast array of water purification options available that are designed for use with unclean water sources. Filtered water bottles and drinking straws are light and portable methods of purifying water, and there is even an innovative ultraviolet light stick called a Steri-pen that can sterilize water just by dipping it in the water. Portable reverse osmosis units and ceramic micro filters are available in various sizes that can produce larger amounts of clean water.
Water purifier reviews of these many devices can give you an idea which ones are most popular with other consumers, and help you decide which ones would be right for you.
How To Choose The Best Water Purifier For Your Needs?


President John Adams famously said, "Facts are a stubborn thing". Likewise, the facts of changing demographics are stubborn and compelling; with significant impacts on real estate. The aging baby boomer generation is a prime example and is having a notable effect on medical delivery and facilities across the country. With over 9 million Americans crossing the 65-year age threshold over the next 5 years, demand for medical care will increase across the spectrum of healthcare disciplines. To meet this demand, 150,000 additional healthcare practitioners are expected to enter the national economy over the next 2 years alone and they'll need a place to hang their stethoscopes.
Large healthcare organizations and institutional medical office investors have been acutely aware of these facts and invested heavily in medical office buildings (MOBs) over the past 8 years, in the wake of the Affordable Care Act. After declines in 2010-2012, absorption of medical office space has exceeded new supply every year since, resulting in an overall vacancy drop to 7.6% nationwide. Recent increases in cost of capital have slowed the pace of traditional medical REIT acquisitions and has created opportunity for other investors. No longer regarded as a niche investor market, medical office has gained favor approaching core asset class.
Medical demands have generated extraordinary innovation from healthcare providers in recent history. Breakthroughs in medical research and technology have expanded the range of healthcare procedures available and the facilities they occupy. Private surgery centers, specialty practices, and large physician groups are moving away from expensive hospital sites to off-campus alternatives and suburban MOB's. This is changing the real estate landscape for medical office, including the trend of "retailization", utilizing retail and commercial locations more inexpensively and closer to their patient base. Urgent care, dialysis centers and primary care clinics have become commonplace in retail centers and MOB's. Based on these new user dynamics, we expect continued, gradual reduction in MOB vacancy with upward pressure on lease rates. Barriers to entry for new MOB development remain high and supply will likely trail overall demand.
This is a healthy trend for MOB owners across the nation, but how is this affecting medical office locally? San Diego is a vibrant reflection of these national trends. Our innovation economy is at the forefront of significant advances in genetics, biotechnology and medical device technology. Importantly, the ongoing collaboration with 5 regionally based and nationally acclaimed healthcare organizations has raised the level of care in our region and fueled demand for clinical medical office space in all submarkets. Solid net absorption of well over 100,000 SF in 2017 & 2018 has lowered the MOB vacancy factor to 6.1%. Our region has over 12 million SF of existing medical office but will require far more to keep up with a population base of 3.3 million and expected to grow to 4 million in the next 30 years. 500,000 people are 65 years or more, increasing by 18,000 per year over the next 5 years, mirroring the national trend. Planned multi-tenant MOB development over the next five years, however, is a fraction of the projected 100,000+ SF annual absorption.
Cap rates for MOB investments remain in the low 6% range, reflecting the safety, stability and long-term desirability of this asset class. We believe that the underlying medical office leases in a medical asset provide long term value with rising demand and rising lease rates. Despite changes in healthcare delivery and public policy, medical real estate in San Diego represents a sound investment opportunity for the long haul.
This is a healthy fact…for the region and for the asset class. At Intersection, we are focused on trends that impact our investors and owners. As available land for development is scarce and medical office vacancies decrease, we have looked for assets that can support medical use where historically those uses would not have been considered. This is not an easy proposition, but one which we are diagnosing wherever possible!
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A double sebum-control system to control the secretion of sebum for soft and fresh skin all day long.
Jeju minerals and mint ingredient to control skin oil and moisture.
In the last stage of skin care, softly apply on the entire facial area or area with excess sebum using the puff. It may be applied to set the makeup or whenever the skin gets oily.
(1) If your skin develops red spots or if you experience swollenness, itchiness, or other unusual symptoms during application or when exposed to direct sunlight, consult a medical specialist.
(2) Refrain from applying on injuries or wounded areas.
(3) Storage and handling precautions.
This is a nice translucent setting powder but it was a lot smaller than I expected (though I should pay more attention to the descriptions). Otherwise it is an excellent powder for setting makeup as it helps my foundation or concealer to stay put a bit longer in the hot climate where I live. Obviously it's not going to keep my makeup from coming off during the day but I do notice when I don't use it that my makeup doesn't stay as long. It is non-irritating and has a faint fresh smell. Using it on its own is an effective way to reduce shininess and minimizes pores.
Excellent for every day! At first, I was afraid because I thought there wasn't much product... But a little goes a long way ! I have a combination skin, and my T zone is very oily. Evey time I use a powder, my skin breaks out, but not with this one. This powder is amazing, i love it so much ! My skin doesn't look "fake" and it controls my oil pretty good. I recommend though to reapply it once or twice during the day. It's also travel friendly and easy to apply (thanks to the little puff). And, the little plus is that it smells so good !! I recommend it to everyone, I use it everyday and so far I love it !
It's very sebum absorbent, fine and transparent. When I say that, I mean only put it on really oily parts of your face, because this powder actually works very well. It leaves sligtly dry feeling if you put it on drier parts of combination skin. The best for the T-zone, though!
Works well. Its very fine powder and doesn't show up on my face when I use it. It is a relatively small container though so if you are intending to use it with a powder brush it probably won't fit.
Works well for my super oily skin. I apply it before and after my makeup bc I have super oily skin. It dosen't last all day for me, i get a good 5 hours without having to blot or reapply. I am definitely not as oily as before. I would recommend this product!
It's a great part of my skincare routine, especially when my skin gets really oily. It's also a great setting powder! A little goes a long way. It is a little hard to get out, but not too difficult. You can apply it as many times as needed throughout the day, but typically I get through 16 hours straight without needing a single touch-up!
The power is very fine, I apply it right after sunblocks to cover my pore. It works. If apply after foundation, it could be a little bite pale looking, but it does prevent the face from oily looking.
I have extremely oily skin plus I live in MS where the humidity is out of control and this powder worked pretty well controlling it! I only gave 4 stars because it does feel a little heavy on the skin but nothing unbearable!
I love the finish that it leaves very soft and natural. It's a very fine powder, it won't make your face looking powdery. It's is great for oily skin. I found i just needed the occasional touch up on my nose but that's the most oily spot on my face.
Great for mattifying the face but it was not kidding when it said oil absorbent. Makes my face super dry and patchy looking after a few hours of wear. Maybe my face is not oily enough for this product but I've stopped using it.
LOVE the smell and the way this makes my skin look. I really hate how you basically get half of the product in the container when it's shipped to you. I feel like I'm getting half of the product that the container will hold. Otherwise, this mineral powder works awesome and smells fantastic. I also wish there was a way to control how much powder comes out so it doesn't go everywhere when you put it in your makeup bag.
I LOVE this product! So much use! I use it after my skincare routine and/or after makeup and it really does its job! It controls the excess sebum and helps the makeup to last longer. Using before eye makeup also help my eyeshadow and eyeliner to stay put all day long. I also put a little bit on my hair to get rid of the oil, just great. Would definitely recommend this product!
You have to be careful when using a brush to pick up the product. I recommend not to use too much. If you follow these tips, the result on your face will be great. I have already used three of these and I'll keep purchasing it!
I fell in love with No Sebum Mineral Powder. I have oily skin and after applying this product after my skincare routine it really worked! You can use it too when your make up gets cakey and oily and this product will solve it. I would definitely buy this again.


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City Highlights · This Weekend
Grid All Things To Do In Washington DC Explore Cultural & Sightseeing City Highlights (10 activities)
Guided Sightseeing Tour
See the very best of Washington DC in one day! Aboard a state-of-the-art, luxury 30-passenger coach for a narrated 6-hour tour, see the White House, the National Mall, Smithsonian Museums and more, and enjoy guided walks around the US Capitol Building, the Lincoln Memorial, the World War II Memorial and the Korean War Veterans Memorial, giving you a more intimate look at DC's most famous landmarks. You'll learn all about the sights you see from your knowledgeable guide. At the US Navy Memorial, step aboard your luxury coach for a narrated 6-hour tour of Washington DC, during which you'll see a variety of monuments, memorials and state buildings, and make plenty of stops for photo opportunities. From your coach, see the White House, the many Smithsonian museums, the National Mall, Freedom Plaza and much more, and enjoy entertaining and informative commentary from your guide about the sights you see. Hop off your coach for guided walks around the US Capitol Building, the Lincoln Memorial, the World War II Memorial, the Marine Corps Memorial (Iwo Jima) and the Korean War Veterans Memorial. You'll learn all about the history of these famous landmarks as you explore them up close, and your guide will answer any questions you have. During your tour, you'll have time for a meal. In the spring and summer months (March 15 - October 6), take in the fresh air on a scenic 1-hour cruise on the Potomac River and see Teddy Roosevelt Island, Netherlands Carillon, the Lee Mansion and the Potomac River, with lunches available for purchase on board. In the colder months (October 7 - March 14), stay warm inside an indoor courtyard and enjoy lunch surrounded by history (own expense). Your Washington DC tour ends back at the US Navy Memorial.
Fri, Jan 27, 10:00am More Dates (155)
US Navy Memorial, Washington DC
Board a state-of-the-art, luxury 30-passenger coach for a narrated 6-hour tour of Washington DC
Take in the fresh air on a scenic 1-hour cruise on the Potomac River and see amazing sights
Have an up close and personal exploration of some of D.C.'s most important areas
Enjoy entertaining and informative commentary from your guide about the sights you see
Capitol Hill and Monuments Electric Cart Tour
See Washington DC's major sites in a fun, unique way -- aboard an electric cart! As you explore Capitol Hill, see famous monuments and landmarks including the White House, US Capitol Building, Jefferson Memorial, Lincoln Memorial, Washington Monument, Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Supreme Court, Library of Congress, Smithsonian and more. These eco-friendly, all-electric vehicles let you enjoy the fresh air while admiring great up-close views of DC's major locations and off-the-beaten-path areas. You'll also hop off your cart to explore some areas by foot. Meet at the Smithsonian Metro Stop in the morning to hop aboard your all-electric cart - a unique, fun, relaxing, and eco-friendly way to experience Washington DC. Each electric cart seats four people plus your local guide, and you'll drive in a group of three carts. Your tour starts at the Smithsonian complex and proceeds through the major monument areas. Marvel at the Jefferson Memorial, Lincoln Memorial and Washington Monument, and visit the World War I Memorial, World War II Memorial, Korean War Veterans Memorial and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Continue past DC's most famous icon: the White House. Be sure to have your camera ready for this portion of the ride! In Capitol Hill, DC's largest historic residential neighborhood, visit the Visitor's Center inside the US Capitol Building. You'll also stop by the Supreme Court and Library of Congress buildings. As your meander through the city, enjoy the fresh air and great up-close views aboard your open-air, eco-friendly cart. Your guide will entertain you with stories and facts about DC's history, as well as point out any festivals, exhibits, demonstrations or special events occurring along the way. Your tour ends back at the Smithsonian complex.
Sat, Jan 28, 2:00pm More Dates (151)
Smithsonian Metro Stop, Washington DC
Explore Capitol Hill and other important D.C. landmarks from the vantage point of an electric car
Have an eco-friendly experience as your guide gives you insight to these fascinating places
Marvel at places like the Jefferson Memorial, Lincoln Memorial and Washington Monument
Enjoy the fresh air and great up-close views of the stunning amount of D.C. history
The National Mall Tour by Pedicab
Hop in a pedicab and let your informative guide do the work as you explore Washington DC's must-see sights. At the National Mall, see the Washington Monument, the Lincoln Memorial, and the United States Capitol. Also check out some interesting historical and cultural attractions including the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum, the National Archives Building, Chinatown and the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. Learn about the sights from your guide and play some trivia games for a chance to win a prize! You'll meet your guide at Harry's Saloon near the Federal Triangle Metro Station. Hop aboard a pedicab with your small group and sit back, relax and enjoy the views as your guide takes you through Washington DC on a 40-minute sightseeing tour. First, check out the Old Post Office Pavilion, the National Archives Building and the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. Then continue to the National Mall, one of DC's most famous sites. Here you'll get up-close views of the Washington Monument, the Lincoln Memorial and the United States Capitol Building. Hop out at the Capitol to take some photos and stroll by the reflecting pool. Next up is bustling Chinatown, followed by a ride past the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum, which houses the biggest collection of historic aircrafts and spacecrafts in the world.
Fri, Jan 27, 10:00am More Dates (1550)
436 11th St NW, Washington DC
Make your way through Washington, D.C.'s must-see sights on a pedicab with a knowledgeable guide
See the National Archives Building, Chinatown, and the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
Learn about the area from the vantage point of a pedicab and play trivia with a chance to win prizes
Conclude your tour at the merry-go-round in front of the Smithsonian Castle Information Center
Lincoln Assassination Tour
Journey back in time with your expert local guide to learn about the three'pronged attack designed to decapitate the U.S. Government. Shrouded in mystery, intrigue and conspiracy, the assassination of the 16th U.S. president has fascinated Americans and foreigners for nearly 150 years. Come along on this family friendly tour to meet the characters, walk the streets, and see the buildings where this great drama played out. Pass by the White House, U.S. Treasury, the site of Vice President Johnson's Hotel, the Star Saloon, and the Ford Theater to relive the tragic night that changed the course of our nation's history forever.
Lafayette Square, Washington
Take a tour that will let you relive a tragic night that changed the course of our nation's history forever
Experience the mystery, intrigue and conspiracy surrounding the assassination of the 16th U.S. president
Follow your expert local guide to the White House, Ford Theater, and other locations where the events played out
Learn about the three'pronged attack designed to decapitate the U.S. Government
African American Heritage Tour of Washington DC
Tired of guided tours that go through the motions with palpable indifference? Guides who parrot dull facts with no fire--no passion for the rich history flowing through our very veins? You want the version of D.C. history you didn't get in 10th grade? This robust, jam-packed tour could be the cure for your excursion fatigue. See national landmarks like the Lincoln Memorial, the Martin Luther King Memorial, the White House, Howard University, and the African-American Civil War Memorial, among others. Along the tour, you'll learn about U.S. and Washington D.C. history from the perspective of African American heritage. Don't let another dull tour get you down. Hop aboard and see it all! (well, not all, but you'll see a lot).
Fri, Jan 27, 9:30am More Dates (109)
401 F. Street , Washington
Embark on a 4-hour African-American historical tour of Washington D.C. with a licensed guide
Stop at iconic landmarks like the Frederick Douglass house and the Lincoln Memorial
Get a taste of U.S. history from an African-American historical perspective
End the tour with tickets to the Museum of African American History and Culture
African American History Night Tour
Fri, Jan 27, 7:00pm More Dates (109)
Start the 4-hour African-American night tour of Washington D.C. with a soul food dinner
Stop at iconic landmarks like the Capitol and the Lincoln Memorial
You don't need an office on Capitol Hill to get star treatment in D.C. All you need is the right tour guide! This four-hour private sightseeing tour is the perfect way for D.C. newcomers to get acquainted with the Capitol. You'll visit some of the city's most famous monuments and even take a trip to Virginia to view a few there! Your guide will offer insights and anecdotes as you go, providing an educational experience to help you get to know D.C. like a local! Highlights include the US Capitol, Supreme Court, Library of Congress, Ulysses Grant Memorial,Union Station, Pennsylvania Avenue, The White House, Washington Monument, Smithsonian Museums, Tidal Basin, Jefferson Memorial, FDR Memorial, MLK Memorial, Lincoln Memorial, Korean Memorial, Vietnam Memorial, World War II Memorial, Kennedy Center, Watergate Complex, Rock Creek Parkway, Embassy Row, National Cathedral, Dupont Circle, Georgetown, Arlington Cemetery, Iwo Jima Memorial and The Pentagon. You'll also make several stops over the course of your tour, allowing for photo ops and time to soak it all in!
Downtown, Washington
Embark on a private tour of Washington D.C. with a local guide
Drive around the city, visiting dozens of different attractions and monuments
Make several stops along your tour for photo ops
Enjoy a personalized and educational experience
Best of Washington DC Tour
Your tour begins outside of the Library of Congress, where you'll meet your guide for a 45-minute reserved entry and tour of the US Capitol Building. With your VIP experience comes no chance of the Capitol tour being sold out, so save time and gain immediate entrance to one of the most symbolically important and architecturally impressive buildings in the nation. On your guided walking tour of this historic building -- home to the Senate and the House of Representatives -- watch a film about the history of government in the US and then peruse the building to learn about the country's legislature. You'll see the Crypt, the Rotunda and National Statuary Hall, and your tour begins and ends at the Capitol Visitor Center. Next, you will join up with our fantastic city sightseeing tour on a comfortable, air conditioned coach. See all of DC's major monuments and memorials up-close; take about 10 to 15-minutes at each stop to hop off the coach for walks with your guide. Highlights include the outside of the White House, Washington Monument, World War II Memorial, Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Lincoln Memorial, Jefferson Memorial, Iwo Jima Statue, Korean War Veterans Memorial and US Navy Memorial. Your guide will entertain you with interesting trivia and historical facts about DC's most famous sites. Instead of cramming a quick lunch at some mall food court, it's time for a leisurely cruise down the Potomac River (March 15 to October 6 only). Sit back, relax and enjoy a cruise along the Potomac River with your guide, who'll answer any questions you have. A box lunch will be served on board; you'll have the choice of a sandwich with chips and a cookie. (In the winter, when it's colder, you'll instead visit a local indoor market for lunch.) After the sightseeing tour, you'll gain reserved entrance to the National Archives Building. Your guide will lead you past long lines that often wrap around the building and allow you to enjoy immediate entrance for a unique chance to view the original Bill of Rights, Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution at your own pace, without needing to follow the tour group around. These historic documents are housed in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom. You'll also have access to the Public Vault permanent exhibit gallery, the Lawrence F O'Brien temporary exhibit gallery, the Boeing Learning Center and the William G McGowan Theater. Your tour concludes at the National Archives Building.
101 Independence Ave SE, Washington DC
Enjoy a true insider experience of the best places to visit in Washington, D.C.
Take an exclusive look at the Bill of Rights, Declaration of Independence, and U.S. Constitution
Meet your guide for a 45-minute reserved entry and tour of the U.S. Capitol Building
Include sightseeing on a coach ride where you will have up to fifteen minutes to explore each spot
Guided Night Tour of DC
Take a guided evening tour of Washington DC's monuments and memorials -- majestic by day and spectacular when floodlit at night! See the Jefferson Memorial, the Lincoln Memorial and more from the comfort of a state-of-the-art luxury 30-passenger coach, and discover why Washington DC is considered one of the world's most beautiful cities at night. See all the major sights and monuments of Washington DC lit up for the night on this comprehensive tour of the nation's capital.
While touring the city in a luxury coach, accompanied by your professional tour guide, enjoy guided photo stops at some of Washington DC's major attractions dramatically floodlit at night: the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, the Marine Corps War Memorial, the Jefferson Memorial, the Lincoln Memorial and more.
Washington DC's monuments and buildings are particularly impressive when illuminated at night, so don't miss this opportunity to tour the city on a small-group evening tour!
1155 F St NW, Washington DC
Board a luxury 30-passenger coach bus for a guided night tour of Washington, D.C.
Explore the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, the Marine Corps War Memorial, and the Lincoln Memorial
See all the major D.C. locations lit up at night
Take all the amazing pictures you can at these memorable and historic places
City Scavenger Hunt
Searching high and low for something fun to do in Washington D.C.? Scavenge no more -- and then, scavenge a whole lot more, during this immersive city hunt! Assemble your team of sleuths, and kick things off at the Smithsonian Castle deep within the National Mall. For the next three-plus hours, you'll use abstract clues to arrive at various points of interest. Highlights include monuments, museums, and architecture. In the process, you'll get a dose of local history and culture. You'll also receive points for each correct answer, which will be tallied up at the events end to determine the winner! They might as well just crown you now, right?
Fri, Jan 27, 9:00am More Dates (1183)
1000 Jefferson Dr SW, Washington
Get to know Washington D.C. during a thrilling scavenger hunt
Form teams and answer questions correctly to score points
Visit iconic monuments, museums, and other sites
Learn a bit of history and enjoy some friendly competition


McLaren Falls, actually multiple cascades, is located on Mangakarengorengo River, a 20 minutes easy drive from Tauranga. Usually, it's a waterfall almost without water because of the Power Generation Station located upstream, but in a rainy season it looks absolutely unbelievable. In warm days lots of people swim in cool water at the base of these waterfalls.
GPS of the view point: S 37° 48' 21.1818" E 176° 2' 42.2628"
McLaren Falls is roughly a 20-minutes' drive away from Tauranga or 1.5-hours from Hamilton. The road surface is always sealed.
From Tauranga travel east on the SH-29 for 18 km, then turn left into McLaren Falls Rd and follow it for the next 1.2 km until you reach a car park (just before the bridge). There are no facilities there. Picnic tables and toilets are available at Marshalls Animal Park (cross the bridge and drive for 5 more minutes).
The waterfalls are seen from the road, but it's very popular among the people of descent to the falls and swim in the different pools there. So don't forget a towel.
Don't be disappointed! McLaren Falls is a type of waterfalls which may have little or no water at all during a dry summer. Hence if the summer is dry with no rain for a few weeks, please don't expect to see a powerful waterfall.
Note: if you want to visit the falls when they're in 'full power' please refer to this site: TrustPower regularly release water from McLaren Falls dam.
McLaren Falls Park is 170 hectares of lakeland park set among pastoral farming and horticulture.
Marshalls Animal Park is situated adjacent to McLaren Falls Park; this unique attraction is 35 acres of friendly animals and fun.
Tauranga is a paradise for everyone who loves the ocean, beaches, and resorts.


It'll happen sooner than later! Despite your best efforts on a seemingly textbook Rapid Responder case, you are going to flare up a patient's symptoms. Do you have a system in place for when this happens? Can you put a positive spin on it?
Our next Modern Rehab Mastery Online mentoring cohort starts mid June 2019 - Click below to reserve your seat now! Limited seating available!


text:
Geir Hallgrímsson (16 december 1925 - 1 september 1990) was de zestiende premier van IJsland voor de Onafhankelijkheidspartij van 28 augustus 1974 tot 1 september 1978. Geir was van 1959 tot 1972 burgemeester van Reykjavik, de hoofdstad van IJsland. Onder zijn leiding werd de geothermische verwarming uitgebreid naar de hele stad, terwijl dit daarvoor slecht een gedeelte van de stad op deze manier verwarmd werd. Daarnaast heeft hij er ook voor gezorgd dat de meeste straten werden geasfalteerd. Hij was populair in de stad en won de gemeenteraadsverkiezingen van 1970 met 99% van de stemmen.

In het najaar van 1970 werd hij eerste in de verkiezing voor het Alding (het IJslandse parlement), met een voorsprong op premier Jóhann Hafstein en voormalig burgemeester van Reykjavik, Gunnar Thoroddsen. In 1971 werd Geir gekozen tot vicevoorzitter van de Onafhankelijkheidspartij en in 1973 werd Geir voorzitter nadat Jóhann Hafstein ontslag nam vanwege gezondheidsredenen.
In 1974 leidde hij de Onafhankelijkheidspartij naar een van haar grootste overwinningen. De partij kreeg 42,5% van de stemmen en daarmee 25 van de 60 zetels in het parlement. De Onafhankelijkheidspartij vormde een coalitieregering met de Progressieve Partij van 1975 tot 1978.

In 1978 leed de regering een tegenslag nadat ze een wet had ingevoerd die de loonstijgingen beperkte. De wet was een poging om de inflatie, die in de buurt van de 50% kwam, tegen te gaan. De twee regeringspartijen verloren elk vijf zetels in het parlement en een nieuwe coalitieregering werd gevormd zonder de Onafhankelijkheidspartij. Geir had ook te maken met oppositie binnen zijn eigen partij en werd tweede in de eerste partijverkiezingen van 1978. Albert Gudmundsson won de eerste zitting.

Na de verkiezingen kondigde hij aan dat hij zich niet opnieuw verkiesbaar zou stellen als partijvoorzitter. Hij verliet de regering in 1986, waarna hij een van de drie presidenten van de Centrale Bank van IJsland werd, een functie die hij tot zijn dood in september 1990 bekleedde.

Premier van IJsland
Burgemeester van Reykjavik
IJslands partijvoorzitter
IJslands parlementslid
IJslands minister
IJslands bankier
Centraal bankier

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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Noob forum member with a question that has probably been asked before (had a search, couldnt find anything specific).
Main upgrade so far was cruise control and reversing sensors; Planned: got the dash controls for heated seats, just need the seats and loom now! Also got my eyes on an android head unit for in built sat nav, reverse cam etc.
My '57 is up for 4 new tires after MOT advisory, seems like an opportunity to upgrade and I see a nice set of VW OEM 6,5Jx15H2, ET 50, R15 alloys off a MK5 Golf on eBay.
I read up on putting alloys on vans and got myself worried about weight ratings.
I see plenty of vans running nice rims out there, seems like its not a problem for most.
I use it as a daily worker, as an industrial gas fitter, carrying tools and fittings but she generally isnt packed to the gunnells, just occasionally.
Also, according to info my steelies offset is 47mm but the alloys I am looking at are 50mm, seems like it should be ok, but any advice?


Lightweight automotive materials will significantly outpace gains in automotive materials overall, as increasingly strict fuel economy standards are mandated throughout North America.
Demand for lightweight automotive materials in the North American light vehicle market is anticipated to rise 5.2 percent annually to 22.3 billion pounds in 2018, valued at $31.5 billion. Advances will significantly outpace gains in automotive materials overall, with regulatory pressure being the major force propelling growth. The current race to lighten the automobile is largely being driven by the increasingly strict fuel economy standards being adopted throughout North America. In August 2012, the US issued new corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards for model year 2017-2025 light-duty vehicles, with the nominal requirement of 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025. Canada and Mexico have implemented standards aligned with US CAFE requirements in recent years and are expected to continue to do so going forward, seeking to establish continent-wide regulations to ensure that their respective automotive industries remain competitive.
Among applications, the best growth prospects are forecast for the exterior and structural segment, propelled by the ongoing development of lightweight materials suitable for use in structural applications and the substantial weight savings such materials can provide. In fact, this sector will account for nearly three-quarters of total average vehicle weight reduction through 2023, with body and frame applications alone accounting for about half. Interior applications are relatively mature and will see only limited growth going forward, as plastics have long been used in interior components, thus restricting opportunities for further weight reduction.
Aluminum and high-strength steel represent the primary lightweight materials employed in the North American automotive market. Aluminum will enjoy rapid growth in exterior and structural applications, as automakers explore the adoption of this material in place of steel for body components such as closures and panels. High-strength steel is predicted to offer the best opportunities for growth based on its relatively low cost and the ongoing development of new grades that provide a combination of exceptional strength and formability, which will make it the material of choice for structure and frame applications. Engineering plastics will remain the leading polymer type through the forecast period, having successfully supplanted metals in a number of applications based on advantages such as their ability to enhance design freedom. Demand for high-performance composites will rise rapidly from a small base due to the materials' substantial vehicle weight savings potential.