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health & living health center/how do mrna covid-19 vaccines work center /how do mrna covid-19 vaccines work? article
How Do mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Work?
Types of COVID-19 vaccines and the way they work
Effect of COVID-19 vaccines against variants
Should a person with COVID-19 take the vaccine?
Medical Author: Rohini Radhakrishnan, ENT, Head and Neck Surgeon
Medical Reviewer: Pallavi Suyog Uttekar, MD
How Do mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Work? Center
Vaccines train a person's immune system to recognize and fight specific germs that can cause illness.
Vaccines train a person's immune system to recognize and fight specific germs that can cause illness. COVID-19 vaccines work with the immune system to help develop defenses against the disease so that the body will be ready to fight coronavirus if exposed to it in the future. If a vaccinated person gets exposed to coronavirus in the future, the antibodies will fight the virus and work to prevent severe COVID-19 illness. The mRNA vaccine uses genetically engineered RNA that codes for a COVID-19-specific protein. When injected, this messenger RNA (mRNA) is read by our cells and makes the COVID-19 protein. Our white cells mount an immune response to this protein and produce antibodies.
Many types of vaccines have been developed for COVID-19. The common goal of all vaccines is to trigger an immune response that is specific to COVID-19 virus. Although all the COVID-19 vaccines aim to achieve protection from COVID-19, they use different ways to train our white blood cells. The COVID-19 virus has spikes of a protein structure called an S protein on the surface of the virus. These spike proteins help attach the virus to the cells and cause the disease. Our immune system recognizes this spike protein as foreign and produces long-lasting immune cells and antibodies (fighter cells) that stay in the blood and protect the person. If a vaccinated person is exposed to coronavirus time, their immune system will respond faster and more effectively to fight the virus. The vaccinated person gets protection against the disease without getting critically sick. Types of COVID-19 vaccines include
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines: COVID-19 mRNA vaccines use a genetic code called RNA. After vaccination, the RNA instructs the white blood cells to produce harmless spike protein pieces. The body's immune system recognizes the spike protein as foreign and begins building an immune response and making antibodies. Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines are mRNA vaccines. mRNA vaccines are available as two-dose vaccines given 28 days apart.
Viral vector vaccines: In this type of vaccine, a genetic material from COVID-19 virus is inserted into another weakened live virus such as adenovirus. After vaccination, the weakened virus known as a viral vector enters our body cells. It delivers the imbibed genetic material from the COVID-19 virus that gives instructions to the cells to make harmless copies of the coronavirus spike protein. Once the cells display spike proteins on their surfaces, the immune system recognizes the protein as foreign and responds by creating antibodies and defensive white blood cells. Oxford-AstraZeneca, Sputnik V and Johnson & Johnson–Janssen COVID-19 vaccines are viral vector vaccines.
Protein subunit vaccines: Protein subunit vaccines use a noninfectious harmless protein component of coronavirus directly, usually the spike protein. This protein that is found on the surface of the virus is manufactured in a laboratory. When the vaccine enters the body, the immune cells recognize the spike protein as foreign and begin building T-lymphocytes and antibodies. The Novavax COVID-19 vaccine is a protein subunit vaccine.
Inactivated vaccines: Unlike other vaccines, inactivated vaccines contain the entire coronavirus that has been chemically modified to make it inactive. Usually, a chemical called beta-propiolactone is used to inactivate the virus in the vaccines. This type of vaccine does not produce long-lasting strong immune reaction as other vaccines. Hence, people may need booster shots. Adjuvants may be used in the inactivated COVID-19 vaccines to generate a stronger immune response. To provide immunity in the long run, booster shots may be necessary. Sinovac, Sinopharm and COVAXIN are inactivated vaccines.
COVID-19 vaccines are expected to provide some level of protection against new virus variants or mutation. The extent of protection in mutant strains needs further studies.
The efficacy for most COVID-19 vaccines is around 60-70 percent. mRNA vaccines are more efficacious and may provide more than 90 percent protection.
A person with an active COVID-19 must delay the vaccination by around six weeks. A person with `history of COVID-19 can take the vaccine provided the diagnosis was six weeks ago.
Doctors advise vaccination people to people with a previous infection. Antibodies from the infection persist for only three to five months. The vaccine-induced antibodies may last longer.
The 14 Most Common Causes of Fatigue See Slideshow
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500139-overview
https://reference.medscape.com/drug/bnt-162b2-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-mRNA-pfizer-4000140
Top How Do mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Work? Related Articles
Coronavirus COVID-19 Prevention: Test Your Medical IQ
What's really the best way to prevent the spread of new coronavirus COVID-19? Should wear a mask or not? Take this quiz to find out!
Coronavirus COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): The Latest News, Updates, and Information
See the latest news updates and information on the Coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak. Learn about symptoms, prevention, vaccines, possible treatments, quarantine, isolation, social distancing, self-isolation and more.
COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Prevention Tips
COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that spreads from person to person via infected respiratory droplets. The main symptoms of COVID-19 infection include cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Occasionally, people infected with COVID-19 may experience diarrhea, a sore throat, a runny or stuffy nose, or aches and pains. Avoiding contact with infected people, social distancing, not touching your face, frequent hand washing, cleaning, and disinfecting of frequently touched surfaces can help to reduce your risk of contracting the 2019 novel coronavirus.
COVID-19 Vaccine Myths and Facts
The FDA has granted Emergency Use Authorizations for COVID-19 vaccines that have been shown to be safe and effective as established by data from large clinical trials.
COVID-19 vs. Allergies
Though there is some overlap in allergy and COVID-19 signs and symptoms there are also significant differences. Symptoms that they have in common include headache, fatigue, tiredness, shortness of breath, wheezing, and sore throat. Fever does not occur with allergies but is one of the defining symptoms of COVID-19 infections.
COVID-19 vs. Flu vs. Cold
When you're feeling sick, it can be difficult to distinguish the symptoms of a COVID-19 infection from the symptoms of the common cold or the flu (influenza). While fever is common with the flu and COVID-19, sneezing is typically only associated with colds. Though sore throats are typical with colds, they are uncommon with COVID-19 infections and the flu.
Does COVID-19 Affect My Heart?
As per the American Heart Association, COVID-19 may have a long-term effect on the heart. Having a heart condition doesn't make a person more likely to catch COVID-19, but an individual with heart disease or a serious heart condition is more likely to become severely ill from COVID-19 and has a higher risk of death.
How Do the COVID-19 Coronavirus Tests Work?
Tests used for detection of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) may use two methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus, the cause of COVID-19 disease, a debilitating and potentially deadly viral pneumonia. Genomic or molecular detection confirms the presence of viral DNA. The immunoglobulin or serology tests can tell whether or not you have been exposed to coronavirus, but not whether you are currently infected. Both tests administered in tandem can give you your complete COVID-19 infection status.
What Is the Difference Between a PCR Nasal Swab and a COVID-19 Antigen Test?
Both the PCR test and antigen test can be used to determine whether you have been infected with the COVID-19 virus. While it takes longer to get results, a PCR test is usually more accurate than an antigen test.
How to Differentiate Between the Signs and Symptoms of COVID-19, Allergies, Cold, and Flu?
Coronavirus disease or COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. Most people with COVID-19 will experience a mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without the need for intensive or special treatment. Serious illness is more likely in elderly people and those with underlying medical conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer.
Tests Available for COVID-19
Getting tested for COVID-19 can identify you as a positive or negative patient of the disease. Remember no test is 100% accurate. Different methods of testing have been launched to trace COVID-19 infection.
Travel Health Slideshow
Explore travel health tips and vaccines to prevent disease while abroad. Learn to protect yourself against malaria, hepatitis, tetanus and more by learning which vaccines or health precautions are advised for your destination.
What Drugs May Fight COVID-19? Drug Trials, Treatments, Vaccines
What drugs could help fight coronavirus COVID-19? Clinical studies are ongoing for antiviral drugs like hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine remdesivir, lopinavir and favipiravir, as well as COVID-19 vaccines. Learn why anti-flu respiratory drugs and home remedies may prove useful to treat or prevent serious coronavirus infections.
What Is the COVID-19 Antibody Test For?
The COVID-19 antibody test, also known as a serology test, is a blood test that looks for antibodies to determine whether you have had a recent or past infection of the virus that causes COVID-19.
COVID-19 (Coronavirus, 2019-nCoV)
Infection with COVID-19 (2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV) causes respiratory problems in humans. Transmission of COVID-19 occurs mainly through contact with respiratory sections from an infected person, however, fecal contamination may also spread the virus. Symptoms start off flu-like and progress to coughing, fever, shortness of breath, shaking chills, headache, loss of sense of taste and/or smell, muscle pain, and sore throat. Treatment focuses on supportive care and symptom relief. COVID-19 vaccines are available.
Coronavirus COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic Outbreak: What You Need to Know
A new strain of coronavirus (COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2) was reported from Wuhan, China in December, 2019. This outbreak of respiratory flu-like symptoms has quickly spread resulting in a worldwide pandemic. Learn about symptoms, treatment, prevention and vaccine efforts.
Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Prevention: Frequently Asked Questions
Why is coronavirus considered dangerous? What are symptoms you should look for? Take this quiz to learn how to protect yourself.


As India breaks free from the indignity of underdevelopment and shoots for the commanding heights of the global economy, the single most important engine that it needs is a competent workforce -- or to be more specific the quality of education that they have access to. Education is of course the responsibility of the government but like most other government responsibilities, it is never taken with the right degree of seriousness.
So private participation in this sector is becoming increasingly important and we see a large number of institutions -- from engineering and medical colleges down to secondary and primary English medium schools -- that have emerged. This is fine in principle but very often the management committees of these institutions, much like traders of scarce commodities, charge high prices, compromise on quality and behave with a degree of arrogance that is extremely distressing for the end consumer.
The obvious solution is to invite government regulation but that would be courting bureaucratic disaster. Instead, it would be better if there is a survey conducted by the media in association with market survey organisations and the results are placed in the public domain. Market forces will then ensure competition which will translate into quality and value for money.
The first focus should be primary and secondary schools to determine among other things (a) quality of teachers (b) infrastructure (c) results in board and competitive examinations. These scores, both on specific dimensions as well as the final composite, if available for each city, will be very useful. First parents, as the consumers would know where to put their money in and schools will have to be sensitive to their concerns. Secondly, these results can be used to channelise private charitable funds to upgrade infrastructure and reward deserving teachers. Given the amount of advertising interest that FMCG companies have on the school-going population it may not be too difficult to generate interest and garner funds for this purpose.


text:
export
    LateralDriverModel,
    ProportionalLaneTracker,
    LatLonSeparableDriver,
    Tim2DDriver,
    track_lane!,
    SidewalkPedestrianModel

include("lateral_driving_models/lateral_driving_models.jl")
include("lane_change_models/main.jl")

include("lat_lon_separable_drivers.jl")
include("tim2d_drivers.jl")

include("sidewalk_pedestrian_models.jl")

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


To design a suite of brochures and website for a new office building with a Grade II Listed facade on Chancery Lane, within the area of Midtown.
Three brochures housed within a bespoke binder; a building brochure, local area brochure, and a brochure profiling interesting residents of the local area entitled 'Midtown Originals'.
Photography art direction, suite of brochures, responsive website.


Erik Breen is Head of SRI, in which position he is responsible for the business line SRI within Triodos IM. He also coordinates the activities of the Triodos SRI funds' current investment manager, Delta Lloyd Asset Management, and leads the insourcing of these activities to Triodos IM, which development was announced in March 2017. Erik Breen is Chair of the International Framework Panel. He holds a Master's of Econometrics from the University of Groningen, earned an EFFAS CFA and is registered with the Dutch Securities Institute. As at December 31, 2017, Erik Breen did not hold any shares in the sub-funds of Triodos SICAV I.


Kathleen A. Thomas Hinshaw of Phoenix, AZ, died November 11, 2004. She was born July 5, 1931, in Phoenix, AZ, to parents Warren E. Thomas and Anna Ruth Thomas. An honors graduate of Creighton Elementary School, Kathy graduated in the 1949 class from Phoenix Union High School as Salutatorian. She was elected President of the Associated Women's Students at Phoenix College in 1950, was president of the Honor Board and named Outstanding Woman of her graduating class. Kathy is a graduate "With Distinction" from the Arizona State University and taught for a season at Machan Elementary School. This was the beginning of a forty-year career as an elementary teacher in four states.
In December of 1952 Kathy married Lawrence A. Hinshaw of Phoenix and heard with him the call to Christian Ministry through the United Methodist Church. While Larry was receiving his education at Boston University School of Theology, Kathy taught in the Melrose School and later at Rockland. She paired with Larry in ministry at the Church Hill United Methodist Church in Norwell.
While husband Larry was ministering in Hawaii, Kathy taught at the Mae Mae Elementary School in Honolulu.
When the family was transferred to Los Angeles, Kathy taught at Woodland Hills, and was founder of the Newcastle Nursery School at St. Paul's United Methodist Church in Encino.
Later, Kathy taught at the La Escuelita Pre School in Tucson, and at the Laguna Elementary School. In Phoenix she taught at the Las Lomas and the Vista Elementary Schools in the Kyrene District until her retirement.
Kathy and Larry are parents of three daughters, Laurel Lynne Stuebing (Carl) of Portland, Oregon, Deborah Suzanne Hinshaw of Phoenix and Carol Jean Jones (Mark) of Tucson. She is survived by them and by grandsons Michael and Eric and granddaughter Lauren. She is also leaving behind a multitude of friends who will miss her dearly.
Kathy was an extraordinary teacher and a remarkable mother and pastor's wife. She had many other interests as well, serving for a time as a docent at the Heard Museum and as a member of the Goodwill Industries Auxilliary. For many she is most remembered for her shared ministry role as Pastor's wife in her husband's several congregations where she was greatly loved. She is a co-founder of the Arizona Walk to Emmaus.
She traveled widely to Europe, Ireland and England, the Middle East, Africa, the Mediterranean and the Orient as well as Mexico and South America.
Although Kathy lived a full, exciting life and accomplished many things, she will be remembered and missed most for her sparkling personality, her generous heart, and her ability to make everyone in her life feel unconditionally loved. She was a leader, a buoyant presence, a wonderful listener, and a great lover of life. She will be greatly missed by all.
There will be a Memorial service in her honor at the Central United Methodist Church, 1875 N. Central Avenue, Phoenix, AZ, Friday, November 19, at 11:00 A.M. In lieu of flowers memorial gifts may be sent to Central United Methodist Church, to the National Alliance for Autism Research, or the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation.
Larry Hinshaw passed away on November 13, 2016, after a battle with cancer. Born in Phoenix on December 16, 1931, he was the second of four children of Asahel Delma Hinshaw and Maude Sanders Hinshaw. Larry's childhood summers were spent with his family near Payson, Arizona, where he developed a love of nature, hiking, and fishing that he carried with him throughout his life, and ultimately passed along to his children and grandchildren. He attended North Phoenix High School and graduated from Phoenix College, Arizona State College (now ASU), with a B.S in Social Welfare. Next, he attended Boston University School of Theology where he earned Master's degrees in Divinity and Social Ethics. Later he attended Claremont School of Theology where he received a Doctorate of Ministry. During his formative years he began to feel a pull to the ministry as he participated in various activities at Central United Methodist church, where he later served as assistant minister, and later still as head pastor. It was also during this time that he met Kathy, who would be his soul mate, wife, and partner in ministry for the next 52+ years. In his calling to Methodist ministry, Larry led churches in Norwell, Mass., Encino, CA, Honolulu, HI, Tucson, AZ, and Phoenix, AZ. He served as the Santa Barbara District and the Phoenix District Superintendent and as Director of California Pacific Conference Programs Council. He also established churches in Africa, and was regarded as the "father" of the Arizona Walk to Emmaus, a powerful spiritual ministry directly responsible for leading many individuals into lifetimes of ministry of their own. Throughout his life, Larry was passionate about traveling and meeting new people. He and first wife Kathy traveled throughout the United States and the world, visiting and making friends in China, Africa, and beyond. After Kathy's death, Larry re-connected with Doreen Hart, a long-time family friend. Love blossomed, they married, and shared 11 wonderful years together. They also traveled the world together, and both recognized their new love late in life as a "special gift from God". Larry will be remembered by friends and loved ones for his zest for living, his infectious laugh, his concern for others, his sparkling intellect, and his kind and sharing heart. He will be missed dearly! Larry was preceded in death by his wife of 52 years, Kathleen, and survived by his wife of 11 years, Doreen, his 3 daughters, 3 stepsons and 12 grandchildren. He also is survived by his 3 siblings Rogene, John and Raymond. A memorial service in his honor will be held on November 20 at 3:00 p.m. at St. Mark's United Methodist Church, 2391 St Marks Way, Sacramento, CA. Memorial gifts may be made to St. Mark's UMC in Sacramento, CA, Central UMC in Phoenix, AZ, or Payson UMC in Payson, AZ.
Larry Hinshaw passed away on November 13, 2016 from his courageous battle with cancer. A third generation Arizonan, Larry was born in Phoenix on December 16, 1931. He was the second of four children of Asahel Delma Hinshaw and Maude Sanders Hinshaw. Larry's childhood summers were spent with his family camping on the Mogollon rim near Payson, Arizona, where he developed a love of nature, hiking, and fishing that he passed on to his children and grandchildren. During his time at North Phoenix High School, Larry participated in football and drama, landing the lead role in the all-school play, "Lilliom". It was during these formative years that he began to feel the pull to the ministry as he participated in various activities at Central United Methodist Church, where he later served as assistant minister, and later still as head pastor. It was also during this time that he met Kathy, who would be his soul mate, wife, and partner in ministry for the next 52+ years. After high school, Larry graduated from Phoenix College, an Arizona State College (now ASU), with a bachelor's degree in Social Welfare. Next, he attended Boston University School of Theology where he earned a Master's of Divinity degree and a Master's degree in Social Ethics. Later he received his Doctor of Ministry from the School of Theology at Claremont. In his 44 year ministry, Larry served churches in Massachusetts, Arizona, California and Hawaii. He served as Santa Barbara District Superintendent and simultaneously as Director of S. California Pacific Conference Programs Council, driving over 40,000 miles annually, focusing on growing church congregations throughout S. California, and into Nevada and Arizona. He was later appointed District Superintendent of the Central East District of the Desert Southwest Annual Conference. In retirement, he worked part-time as an Associate Pastor of Paradise Valley United Methodist Church. He also established churches in Africa, and was regarded as the "father" of the Arizona Walk to Emmaus, a powerful spiritual ministry directly responsible for leading many individuals into lifetimes of ministry of their own. In his early ministry, Larry focused his emphasis on social ethics and social concerns, serving as a chairperson of that Conference Board of the Southern California-AZ Conference. He was a strong believer in social justice and personal and societal accountability and responsibility. Throughout his life, he was passionate about traveling and meeting new people. He and first wife Kathy traveled throughout the United States and the world, visiting and making friends in China, Africa, and beyond. After Kathy's death, Larry re-connected with Doreen Hart, a long-time family friend. Love blossomed, they married, and shared eleven wonderful years together. They also traveled the world together, and both recognized their new love late in life as a "special gift from God". Larry will be remembered by friends and loved ones for his zest for living, his infectious laugh, his concern for others, his sparkling intellect, and his kind and sharing heart. He will be missed dearly! He wanted everyone to know how much he appreciated each and every one of you. He says, "Thank you and I love you!" Larry is preceded in death by his wife of 52 years, Kathleen, and is survived by his wife of 11 years, Doreen, his daughters Laurie (Carl) Stuebing, Deborah (James) Ponczko and Carol (Mark) Jones, and stepsons, Gary (Sonya) Hart, Jim (Cyndi) Hart and Jay (Barbara) Hart and by grandchildren Lauren, Michael, Eric, nine step grandchildren and siblings Jean (Richard) Minck, John (Christine) Hinshaw and Raymond (Jan) Hinshaw. A memorial service in his honor will be held on Wednesday, November 30 at 3:00 p.m. at Central United Methodist Church, 1875 North Central Avenue in Phoenix, AZ. In lieu of flowers, memorial gifts may be made to Central UMC in Phoenix, AZ, or Payson UMC in Payson, AZ.


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Saugatuck Brewing announces planned merger with Kalamazoo brewery
Cassandra Bondie @BizHolland
Mar 1, 2019 at 4:46 PM Mar 1, 2019 at 4:46 PM
SAUGATUCK — Saugatuck Brewing will soon have a second location.
Gonzo's BiggDogg Brewing will merge with Saugatuck Brewing Co., pending approval from the Michigan Liquor Control Commission and the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau. The announcement came Friday, March 1.
"We've had an idea in mind to open up a second location for quite a long time now," said Megan Scheerhorn, vice president of marketing at Saugatuck Brewing. "And when we heard this opportunity was available, we knew we had to take it. We knew it would be the right place for us."
For now, the Kalamazoo brewery will remain Gonzo's BiggDogg Brewing. However, the eventual goal, according to Scheerhorn, is for the location to become Saugatuck Brewing — Kalamazoo.
"That will take a while," she said. "It depends on the timing of the merger approval."
In the coming weeks, the operating management of Gonzo's will be transferred to Saugatuck Brewing. The current staff of Gonzo's will also be welcomed into the Saugatuck Brewing family.
"We are excited for this merger," said Paul Nowaczyk, a Gonzo's employee, in a prepared statement.
"We are excited for this opportunity to work with Saugatuck Brewing Co.'s marketing team and extensive distribution network throughout the United States and worldwide for a more expansive consumer reach."
Hours at Gonzo's will be increased to include lunch seven days a week. Several popular menu items and specialty beers will remain.
"We're really excited for the opportunities this has opened for us as a company," Scheerhorn said. "We're excited to serve the people of Kalamazoo and to invite them to be aware of the Saugatuck community."
— Contact reporter Cassandra Bondie at cbondie@hollandsentinel.com. Follow her on Twitter @BizHolland.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
5821 Roosevelt Way NE,
Seattle Auto Service
Volkswagen Beetle Goes Electric
The iconic VW Beetle is getting an overhaul. Autocar reports that the brand is considering an all-electric model which will also call back to the Beetle's roots as a rear-wheel drive vehicle. Like the Beetles of the past, which featured a rear engine in its trunk and rear wheel drive, this new electric Beetle would feature a rear-located powertrain as well as rear wheel drive.
This would compliment the new Volkswagen Microbus that the company previewed at the Detroit Auto Show this year. The bus was a concept vehicle based on the ID Buzz Concept. It promises to feature configurable seating, interactive connectivity, and a small footprint. Not only will the all-electric vehicle offer a 270 mile driving range, but Level 3 driving autonomy as well.
VW seems to currently be undergoing a huge push for electric vehicles, and they're teasing a new "emotional" approach in their concept designs. Chairman Herbert Diess previously hinted at the prospect of both an all-electric Beetle and an electric Volkswagen Thing, an iconic model which previously appeared in the US for only 2 years. Both of these vehicles would utilize the brand's MEB platform, which would allow for a refresh of several iconic vehicles simultaneously. However, he stressed that the VW all-electric Beetle has yet to be confirmed. The brand is awaiting a board vote on its electric car range before it moves forward.
"We have a good chance on the electric side. You can do derivatives efficiently. We have a very flexible platform. We can do nice things: rear-wheel drive, front-wheel drive, all-wheel drive," he said.
Diess said that the MEB platform will support the redesign of 15 cars onto an electric platform simultaneously, with five of them slated to be part of the Volkswagen brand. The ID hatchback and the ID Crozz Concept have already been promised for the European market.
What's the difference between a Mercedes B service and A Service?
How much does a Mercedes A Service Cost?


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/ Person - William Warham
Sitters A-Z
William Warham
(1450?-1532), Archbishop of Canterbury
Sitter associated with 11 portraits
An influential churchman and statesman, Warham was appointed Bishop of London in 1502 and Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor in 1504, crowning Henry VIII in 1509. Though he clashed with Cardinal Wolsey as the latter's power and authority increased, the two men worked together on the annulment of the King's marriage.
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after Hans Holbein the Younger
NPG 2094
by George Vertue, after Hans Holbein the Younger
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by Richard Dalton, after Hans Holbein the Younger
by Francesco Bartolozzi, published by John Chamberlaine, after Hans Holbein the Younger
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Ministers and preachers
William Warham in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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Interpreting underdrawing: the results of the project and some comparatives
Technique and effects of the after-Holbein copyists
Holbein and his copyists
The contexts for the production and demand for painted versions and copies in the sixteenth and early seventeenth century
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text:
The next morning after first breakfast Merry walked down to The Ivy Bush to make arrangements to hire a waggon and ponies, to take the things that were being distributed in Buckland back with them. The trap would not easily carry such a load as well as three adult hobbits and two little ones comfortably.
Since so many things were headed over the Brandywine, the easiest thing was to load up the trunk with only those items. The letters Frodo had saved from the Bolgers were right on top: the plan was to stay the night in Budgeford with Estella's family, and return the letters at the same time.
Sam found another, smaller, box in which to put the items he was keeping at Bag End, and bundled up the items that would be taken down the Hill to old Ponto Baggins. Sam thought he'd probably do that in the next day or two.
The luggage and the trunk were loaded up by elevenses, and the hobbits all stopped their work for one more meal--a light one of cheese and bread and fruit and tea. Since the weather was so mild, Rosie brought out a large quilt and they took their meal on the front lawn.
The adults were still eating when the children were done; little Elanor pulled Wyn off to play for a while, and Perry slept soundly on the blanket by his mother's side.
"I hate to leave, Sam, but we've both got duties to see to back at home," said Merry regretfully.
"It's been a right nice visit, Merry," replied Sam, "Mayhap you can all come back when we don't have such serious business to see to."
Pippin nodded. "I think you should all come for a visit to Crickhollow! You haven't been to see us since Perry's Naming Day, and you didn't bring Rosie and Elanor then! How about right after Midsummer?"
Merry agreed, and Sam looked at Rose. "What do you think, Rose? Can we manage that?"
"I think we can, at that," she said, smiling.
After helping Rose clear up from the meal, they prepared to leave. Rose handed a large basket to Estella, packed with luncheon for the journey. "There's some mushroom pasties, some ham sandwiches, some pickled tomatoes, and some honeycakes and a jar of swizzle* for drinking." Rose lowered her voice, "and a little tin with the rest of the taffy." She looked around to make sure that Pippin had not heard. His sweet tooth was infamous.
Then Merry helped Estella into the trap, and handed Perry up to her, and Pippin put Wyn up. Then Merry clambered aboard and took up the reins. Pippin trotted to the waggon and did the same.
As they drove off, waving a cheerful farewell to their hosts, Sam and Rosie grinned at one another, watching Elanor jump up and down shouting "'Bye, Unca Merry! 'Bye, Unca Pip! 'Bye, Auntie Estella! 'Bye, Perry! 'Bye, Wynnie!" She ran alongside the road as far as the edge of the garden, repeating herself, still waving, until they turned out of sight at the bottom of the Hill.
In the trap, with two children being lulled into sleep by the rhythm of the ponies' hooves and a tired wife, Merry began to mentally compose a letter:
"Dear Strider,
What in the world were you and Gandalf thinking, letting Frodo bring that chain home with him? I am sure you should have realised it couldn't be good for him! Why couldn't you have just chucked it out? I don't see…"
And in the waggon, and with nothing else to do but hold the reins, Pippin started up a song:
"The Road goes ever on and on…"
*One last note (because this story is all about the notes) 8-) : "Swizzle" also known as "Switchel" and a number of other names, is an ancient non-alcoholic beverage containing water, vinegar, honey or sugar (or other sweeteners) and spice or herbs depending on when and where it was made. I am sure hobbits would have known of it!
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text:
Image by Henry Perks/Unsplash, Public Domain Dedication (CC0).
Written by Patrick Kavanagh
Green, blue, yellow and red –
God is down in the swamps and marshes
Sensational as April and almost incred-
ible the flowering of our catharsis.
A humble scene in a backward place
Where no one important ever looked
The raving flowers looked up in the face
Of the One and the Endless, the Mind that has baulked
The profoundest of mortals. A primrose, a violet,
A violent wild iris – but mostly anonymous performers
Yet an important occasion as the Muse at her toilet
Prepared to inform the local farmers
That beautiful, beautiful, beautiful God
Was breathing His love by a cut-away bog.
"The One" by Patrick Kavanagh is reprinted from Collected Poems, edited by Antoinette Quinn (Allen Lane, 2004), and shared by kind permission of the Trustees of the Estate of the late Katherine B. Kavanagh, through the Jonathan Williams Literary Agency.
This poem was originally read in the Poetry Unbound episode "A Poem About the Beauty of Home."
Patrick Kavanagh was a prominent Irish poet and writer who died in 1967. His books include the memoir, The Green Fool, the novel Tarry Flynn, and the poetry collections The Great Hunger, The Complete Poems of Patrick Kavanagh, and Collected Poems.
Patrick Kavanagh
A Poem About the Beauty of Home
Patrick Kavanagh's poem "The One" is about seeing beauty in the ordinary places of home. One of Ireland's most famous poets, Kavanagh grew up in rural County Monaghan and moved to Dublin as a young man. This poem revisits the boglands of his home, which he once hated but came to love.
A question to reflect on after you listen: Think about where you're from. How has your understanding of it changed over time?


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Dhamma Pali Vipassana Meditation Center
Vipassana Meditation as taught by S.N. Goenka in the tradition of Sayagyi U Ba Khin
About Vipassana
What is Vipassana
Mr. S. N. Goenka
The Code of Discipline
During the Course
Center Photos
Dhamma Service
Dhamma Pali
Dhamma Pali View
Dhamma Hall
The main dhamma hall where students meditate during courses.
View of the residential rooms where students stay during the course.
Welcome to Dhamma Pali Vipassana Meditation Center
Introduction to Vipassana
Vipassana, which means to see things as they really are, is one of India's most ancient techniques of meditation. It was taught in India more than 2500 years ago as a universal remedy for universal ills, i.e., an Art Of Living. For introduction to Vipassana meditation technique, please see what is Vipassana.
The technique of Vipassana Meditation is taught at ten-day residential courses during which participants learn the basics of the method and practice sufficiently to experience its beneficial results. There are no charges for the courses, not even to cover the cost of food and accommodation. All expenses are met by donations from old students, who, having completed a course & experienced the benefits of Vipassana, wish to give others the opportunity to benefit from the technique. Description and timetable of a typical ten day course is available in the Code of Discipline.
Dhamma Pali is located near the village Todi, equidistant from Songadh (12 km) and Palitana (10 km), two major cities of Gujrath. Situated in 8.8 acres of land, away from noise of city and surrounded by lush greenery and wildlife, it offers an ideal retreat for meditation. The Center is equipped with self contained residential rooms, dining hall and meditation hall. At present, Center has the capacity to accommodate approximately100 students. For more information, please see the center page.
Old Student Resources
Old Students can find able guidance and resources on theory and practice of Vipassana Meditation.
User: oldstudent
Near Todi Village, District Bhavnagar,
Gujarat, India – Songadh
Palitana Road 364240.
General inquiry: +91 08866713636 / 07878103636 (Timings: 11am - 5pm)
Email: info@pali.dhamma.org
http://www.pali.dhamma.org
Introductory Videos | Course Schedule | Code of Discipline | Q & A | What to Bring | Center Photos | How to Reach | About Us | Sitemap
Copyright © 2020, Dhamma Pali Vipassana Meditation Center.


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Careful optical-system design enables cutting-edge high-power laser applications
Industry News /
FIGURE 1. A schematic of optics exposed to low and high laser power, where refractive-index gradient and bulging are not present at low laser power (a); thermal focus shift and thermal induced astigmatism caused by the thermal induced refractive index gradient and lens deformation are induced at high power (b).
VOLKER MELZER and MATTHIAS KOPPITZ
The increasing demand for high-power lasers (100 W up to kilowatts) in laser materials processing presents a technical challenge for optical components such as f-theta lenses, beam expanders, and Faraday isolators. As a result, thermally induced beam-degradation effects are playing an increasing role in a variety of high-power laser and related applications. This article provides an overview of these undesired effects and details an analysis and design process for reducing the impact that these physical effects can have on optical components used for high-power laser materials processing.
What is thermal lensing?
The most prominent artifact in high-power laser applications is thermal lensing, producing a focus shift. An intense laser beam passing through the optical glasses of an f-theta lens or the magneto-optical crystal in a Faraday isolator can locally heat the optical material. This local heating is largely dependent on the laser power density and absorption of the optical material, and causes thermally induced dispersion of the refractive index. The laser beam profile, absorption, and heat dissipation result in a transverse refractive-index gradient in the optical medium, which generates a significant refractive index difference in the center compared to the edge of the optical material, resulting in an undesired gradient-index (GRIN) lens (see Fig. 1).
Additional lensing effects that frequently occur for laser crystals, optics, and coating materials include refractive-index changes caused by thermally induced mechanical stress, as well as mechanical stress and thermal expansion leading to bulging of the end faces of the gain medium or of optical parts.
What are depolarization and photocontamination?
For high-power laser applications, maintenance of a high polarization-extinction ratio is often required. Deleterious effects include local heating, which can result in a gradient of temperature distribution in the optical material under high-power laser exposure (see Fig. 2), which can then lead to stress-induced birefringence in the optical material, mainly for crystalline materials like magneto-optical material. This local birefringence structure changes the polarization state of the laser light locally to random polarization and reduces the polarization-extinction ratio. The reduction in the achievable isolation is often significant for Faraday isolators. FIGURE 2. Local heating of a TGG crystal under 1000 W laser power exposure (thermal scale from 20° to 28°C) is shown.
Figure 2 depicts the impact of the gradient of temperature distribution in the magneto-optical material terbium gallium garnet (TGG) used in Faraday isolators. A typical temperature difference of a few degrees can slightly change the Verdet constant locally without having much of an impact on the average polarization rotation. As a result, the impact on the isolation is significantly smaller compared to the dominant depolarization effect.
Photocontamination, also called photostimulated or laser desorption, has a significant impact on the performance of optics under high-power laser exposure. A strong electromagnetic field, local heating, and local ionization effects cause desorption of volatile organic components onto optical surfaces exposed to laser radiation.1 The desorbed organic components stick onto the optical surfaces. Due to this undesired contamination, the performance of the optical surface will degrade and can ultimately cause laser-induced damage. Therefore, it is essential to keep outgassing of parts on a very low level and to keep volatile organic components away from laser cavities and optical modules that are in the laser beam path. Typical sources for volatile organic components include adhesives and anodized surfaces.
Finding a solution: Interaction of optical design and FEA
These degradation effects can be kept under control if they are taken into account during the design process. The design process should start with tests of material properties with respect to outgassing, absorption, and deformation, followed by simulations of thermal focus shift and deformation of optics. The optical-module design process should include interaction and data exchange between different in-house software tools such as optical design and finite-element-analysis (FEA) software, consisting of four main steps:
1. Input of laser-beam data and material properties into the optical-design software.
2. Calculation of introduced power due to absorption and local heating of optics by using in-house optical-design software.
3. Feeding calculated temperature-distribution data for coatings, lenses, and windows into FEA analysis software to calculate local surface deformation of these parts (see Fig. 3).
4. Transfer of mechanical deformation and local heating data back to in-house optical-design software to enable comprehensive calculation of predicted GRIN-lens structures and calculation of localized optical artifacts. FIGURE 3. Example of FEA results acquired based on local temperature load calculated by the optical-design software, where temperature distribution in the f-theta (f-Θ) lens assembly (a) and mechanical deformation of the optical elements in the f-theta lens assembly (b) are shown.
The calculated estimation of the mechanical deformation of the optical elements and the formed GRIN lens structures enable precise prediction of thermal focus shift and impact on the beam quality based upon on the laser power.
In a recent simulation of reduced absorption of the optical materials, the residual impact of remaining thermo-optical effects was analyzed. It became apparent that the impact of even very small absorption needed to be kept under control to enable design of f-theta lens assemblies best suited for high-laser power applications. It was learned that the absorption coefficient of optical glasses in the near-infrared (near-IR; 1064 nm) spectral range should be in the level of 10 ppm/cm for a typical f-theta lens design to achieve small to negligible impact of thermo-optical effects.
Transmittance of glass materials and coatings
The described design and simulation effort proved that it is essential to keep the properties of the used materials and surfaces under control, as even the purest optical glass materials and high-end antireflection (AR) coatings can have residual absorption in the range of ppm/cm.
Figure 4 shows measurements obtained by an ultralow-level absorption-measurement system that assesses absorption in the ppm/cm range. The absorption coefficient of typical optical glasses (for example, N-BK 7 glass) in the near-IR spectral range is at the level of 10,000 to 1000 ppm/cm, which is far too high for high-laser power densities. Absorption should be in the range of 10 ppm/cm or even less. Optical quartz glasses with the lowest absorption should be used for high-power laser-based materials-processing applications at 532 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths. FIGURE 4. The absorption coefficient of three fused-silica materials in the near-IR spectral range compared to N BK7 glass is shown.
Additionally, the significant impact of AR coatings on the overall absorption was identified. Even with an AR coating thickness of a few micrometers, the residual absorption is often in the range of 0.1% to 0.01% (1000 to 100 ppm). For a Gaussian laser beam with 1000 W average laser power and up to 20 mm beam diameter (1/e2), this causes power dissipation in a very small volume of material in the coating layer. Peak power density of such a beam is approximately 640 W/cm2.
While absorption loss in the coating layer of 0.1% of 640 W/cm² does not sound like much, it is significant in high-power laser exposure. One can compare this to a cooking plate, which can have 1000 W electrical power at the highest heating level at a round area with a diameter of 16 cm. While the cooking plate has a power density of 1000 W/200 cm2 = 5 W/cm2, an absorbed power density of 0.64 W/cm² is only a magnitude smaller compared to the very hot cooking plate, hence significant local heating is happening. Even an absorption of 0.01% and an absorbed power density of 0.06 W/cm² can cause significant local heating by a few degrees Celsius.
This example shows that local heating and deformation of the coating layer and the glass material can result in a significant change to the optical properties of coating and surrounding glass material. As a result, it became necessary to review and improve the whole coating process; a new ultralow-absorption coating has been designed to keep coating absorption on the lowest possible level. The following were taken into account:
Usage of coating materials of highest purity grade
Regular comprehensive cleaning of the coating equipment
Improved handling and cleaning of the substrates to avoid even the smallest contamination traces
Comprehensive improvement of coating processes
Impact of angle of incidence on the coating surfaces
New low absorption magneto-optical material
In addition to beam-guiding optics, it is also important to optimize other laser components to achieve low impact of thermo-optical artifacts. Lasers are often equipped with a Faraday isolator to protect them from back-reflection—however, Faraday isolators are not free of thermo-optical artifacts if exposed to high laser power density.
The most-used magneto-optical material, TGG, has some absorption, causing significant thermo-optical artifacts if exposed to high laser power density. To combat this, Synoptics (Charlotte, NC) recently developed a new low-absorption magneto-optical material, potassium terbium fluoride (KTF),2 which has a much smaller absorption compared to TGG, making it a better-suited magneto-optical material for high laser power levels. As a result, Excelitas is offering Faraday isolators containing this new material.
Eliminate outgassing materials and surfaces
Another long-term degradation effect is outgassing. Outgassing substances contaminate the surfaces of optical components under high-power laser exposure due to photocontamination effects. In addition to long-term outgassing of many adhesives taking place during curing, surfaces of coatings and mechanical parts also outgas volatile organic compounds. Anodized surfaces of aluminum parts are a very rich outgassing source. These surfaces are rough and porous like foam; they easily absorb solvents and liquids and thus carry many different volatile compounds.
Outgassing reduction starts the initial design stage. It can be accomplished by using low-outgassing adhesives, and by avoiding usage of surfaces that are prone to carrying volatile organic components. It is also important to clean and long-term temper all parts to remove residual volatile organic compounds.
Many high-power laser applications require specially designed f-theta lenses, beam expanders, and Faraday isolators to ensure required performance. It is important to take into account thermal lensing, depolarization, and photo-contamination effects throughout the development and manufacturing of these optical parts. By using various design tools, combined with a deep knowledge of material properties and continuous control of the materials and processes, a balanced tradeoff between performance requirements for the optical parts and maintenance of the required high-end beam quality can be achieved to ensure optimal results for high-power lasers and applications.
1. A. Ikeda and K. Fukutani, "Photo-stimulated desorption," The Surface Science Society of Japan (eds.) Compendium of Surface and Interface Analysis, Springer, Singapore (2018).
2. K. T. Stevens et al., Laser Tech. J., 13, 3, 18–21 (2016).
3. Images found on www.laserfocusworld.com
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Home » News » Forklift Industry News » EnerSys adds models to line of lift truck batteries
EnerSys adds models to line of lift truck batteries
View original at www.dcvelocity.com
Fast-charging batteries can drive counterbalance trucks, reach trucks, pallet trucks, and AGVs, firm says. Battery and charger manufacturer EnerSys has added new models to its line of NexSys batteries, launching a fast-charging battery for applications such as use of high-capacity lift trucks, the company said. The new models offer a broad range of long-life charging options, including the ability to be fast-charged in just under an hour and be opportunity-charged to work for up to 16 hours, using EnerSys' proprietary Thin Plate Pure Lead (TPPL) technology, the Reading, Pa.-based company said. The expanded battery line provides energy throughput of up to 160 percent in a 24-hour period, and offers extended life cycles exceeding 1,500 cycles at 60 percent depth of discharge (DOD), NexSys said. NexSys has sold TPPL-based batteries for nearly a decade for small traction applications, but is now applying the technology to high-capacity lift trucks as well, Chad Uplinger, EnerSys' vice president for motive power Americas, said in a statement . The technology allows lift truck operators to opportunity-charge their batteries during breaks or at the end of a shift in far less time than the 12 hours needed to recharge conventional lead acid batteries, he said. That flexibility allows users to avoid the need for battery change-outs when used with equipment such as counterbalance trucks, reach trucks, pallet trucks, order pickers, automated guided vehicles (AGVs), and laser guided vehicles (LGVs), the firm said. The announcement was made March 27. Join the Discussion After you comment, click Post. If you're not already logged in, you will be asked to log in or register. Sponsored Feedback: What did you think of this article? We'd like to hear from you. DC VELOCITY is committed to accuracy and clarity in the delivery of important and useful logistics and supply chain […]


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"Twitter Ban" threatened by Russia within a month- Cyberdaily News
In recent developments, the "Twitter ban" has been warned by Russian authorities that the social media website will be entirely blocked in the country unless certain banned content is not removed from its platform within a month.
In the past week, Twitter has been facing a severe escalation in tension with Russia with the law authorities of the country suing Twitter and the prominent social media platforms prevalent in the country.
On the 9th of March, the government authorities of Russia sued Twitter and other platforms with an argument claiming that they failed to delete posts urging minors and underage citizens to participate in illegal, nationwide protests over the jailing of Alexei Navalny, a high-profile critic of President Vladimir Putin.
In a move to further escalate the matter, Twitter was also cited by Russian regulators for promoting child pornography, drug use, and tweets encouraging children to attempt suicide content on the platform.
Reportedly, the social media platform was also slowed in certain areas of the country in a retaliatory move. This instance led to vague warnings of a Twitter ban. However, as the socio-political tensions rose within the week, a direct threat to the Twitter ban within the month has been developed.
From Twitter's perspective, the social media giant stated that at that time, they were apprehensive of the fact that curating content would lead to the abuse of their own free speech policy.
As a result, Twitter denies any allegations of promoting illegal behavior as alleged by Russian authorities.
Russian authorities are still skeptical on the matter of the banning stating that Twitter can still dodge the banning of appropriate actions are taken in time and delete the cited content.
Twitter is yet to comment on the recent developments of being threatened by the ban within the month.
The U.S. platform was already under fire in Russia after it was named earlier this month as one of five social media platforms being sued for allegedly failing to delete posts urging children to take part in illegal anti-Kremlin protests.
Russia's foreign ministry on Saturday accused the United States of using IT opportunities to engage in unfair competition and social media platforms of haphazardly and promiscuously censoring content.
Cybersecuritycybersecurity newsnewsRussiaRussia newsTwitterTwitter ban
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KUALA LUMPUR (Reuters) - The government of former Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak used money raised from a deal with sovereign wealth fund Khazanah Nasional Berhad to pay for some of the liabilities of state fund 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB), two sources told Reuters.
Khazanah paid the government 1.2 billion ringgit ($301.05 million) in mid-2017 in exchange for redeemable shares that the finance ministry owned, the sources said, adding that the funds were used to pay some of 1MDB's dues to Abu Dhabi fund IPIC.
1MDB had agreed to pay $1.2 billion to IPIC as part of a settlement agreement reached in April 2017 after 1MDB defaulted on its bonds.
However, it did not comment on whether the funds were used for repaying 1MDB's dues.


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District 4 Article - Reposting with Full Article
Eight candidates are running this fall for District 4 in North Austin. It
has the fewest square miles of the 10 districts that each will be
represented by a City Council member under a newly transformed city
Full article now available - click more
Cut north-to-south by Interstate 35 and Lamar Boulevard, this district is a
melting pot, with large numbers of refugees and immigrants of all races and
ethnicities. Hispanics form the majority: 65 percent.
By nearly every metric, District 4 faces big challenges. It has the fewest
registered voters and least amount of parkland of the 10 districts, as well
as low homeownership rates and a high poverty rate. On its eastern edge is
the Rundberg neighborhood, an area considered so crime-ridden that the
federal government gave Austin a $1 million grant to try to clean it up.
But District 4 also has bright spots. Austin Community College has turned
the old Highland Mall into a hub of classrooms, computer labs and other
spaces. And Bartholomew District Park now features a new, top-of-the-line
city pool.
Several candidates moved into the district in the past year, prompting
accusations of carpetbagging. Most of those candidates say they were living
in nearby neighborhoods or previously had lived in North Austin.
+[image: Eight running for Austin City Council District 4 photo]
<http://www.mystatesman.com/news/news/local-govt-politics/eight-running-for-austin-city-council-district-4/nhGNK/#modal-6026450>
Marco Mancillas
Here's a look at the candidates for District 4 on the Austin City Council.
Greg Casar
Casar helped turn Workers Defense Project from a low-profile nonprofit into
a political force.
As the group's policy director for four years, Casar organized construction
workers to offer stirring testimony at City Hall about safety problems and
pay disparities.
The City Council enacted mandatory water and rest breaks at job sites and a
policy requiring companies that get city tax breaks to pay construction
workers at least $11 an hour, with opportunities for higher wages. The
wages issue helped unravel a tax incentive deal planned for the new
Marriott hotel downtown. "I have a record of translating strong values into
successful policies," Casar said.
The 25-year-old Democrat said more low- and middle-income-earners should
share in Austin's prosperity. He supports offering a homestead exemption
and beefing up a city program that helps low-income renters pay their
utility bills. The city should also be buying underused lots to develop
later, with features such as affordable housing, he said. Negotiating
job-training programs into deals the city signs with businesses and
developers should also be a priority, he said.
Katrina Daniel
Casar had raised most in the race — $40,000 — and is backed by longtime
political consultant David Butts. He moved to a Northfield neighborhood
apartment in January from Windsor Park.
Daniel touts her public policy and community service work as credentials
that set her apart.
Over the past 25 years, she's worked as a Houston ER nurse, a legislative
aide to Democratic state Rep. Garnet Coleman and now, an associate
commissioner at the Texas Department of Insurance. She's also served on
several city and county boards, including five years on Central Health's
board. As Austin launches a new, districts-based City Council, "it will
need people at the table who understand how government works," said Daniel,
The challenge facing North Austin is how to add much-needed amenities
without pricing people out, Daniel said. She said she rarely sees problems
or solutions in simple terms. That's why better public safety in District 4
will mean installing more streetlights and sidewalks, not just hiring more
police officers, and improving affordability will mean recruiting good
jobs, not just building inexpensive housing, she said.
The 11-year Highland neighborhood homeowner considers herself a Democrat
but has voted in one Republican state primary. She doesn't speak Spanish
but says being open and inclusive are more crucial traits in the heavily
Hispanic district. As of July, she'd raised the third-highest sum — $30,065
— in this race.
Monica Guzmán
The race's only Latina, Guzmán said the district's many Hispanic residents
deserve "someone who represents them not only in terms of demographics but
life experiences."
A single mom at 21 who struggled to pay the bills, the Austin native
eventually graduated from St. Edward's University. She has worked for state
and federal agencies — most recently, enrolling residents in Affordable
Care Act health plans.
District 4 needs more urgent-care clinics and other health care options,
she said. Maintaining existing affordable housing and building more
low-rent housing on publicly owned land should also be high priorities, she
said. "This is still a truly affordable part of town but gentrification is
knocking on the door," she said of the district.
Guzmán was among the activists who urged the City Council last year to
create a program to regularly inspect and force landlords to repair
rundown, unsafe apartment complexes. She also wants Austin Energy to
weatherize — improve the energy efficiency of — more homes to help
low-income residents lower their utility bills.
The 48-year-old Democrat previously lived in the district and moved back in
February to an apartment off of North Lamar Boulevard.
Louis Herrin
A Republican "who leans Libertarian," Herrin has volunteered in school and
church groups but has no City Hall experience. He has dealt with local,
state and federal governments for 33 years as an environmental engineer at
the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality.
The City Council wastes too much money, said Herrin, 58. He cites the $120
million central library that the city is building downtown, saying
officials should focus on improving branch libraries instead. "If we keep
spending the way we are, we'll end up as a 'doughnut city' where everyone
moves out and nothing will be in town," he said.
Calling himself a "free-market guy," Herrin said the city shouldn't force
developers to include affordable housing in residential projects. Dense
developments such as micro units aren't the answer to Austin's
affordability woes, either, he said. The city will have to install new
infrastructure, such as water and electric lines, to accommodate them, he
District 4's most urgent problem is crime, Herrin said. Hiring more police
officers to walk neighborhoods and curb break-ins would help, he said. The
25-year Heritage Hills homeowner also thinks the city should build more
roads, including adding east-west arterials and expanding MoPac to "six
lanes on both sides."
A Democrat who worked for six years as a policy analyst at the state
Capitol, Mancillas says he has the most experience in a legislative
setting. He grew up in Brownsville, the son of a teacher and a social
worker.
Visiting 400 homes last year to sign up North Austin residents for
Affordable Care Act coverage gave Mancillas an in-depth look at District 4.
The district needs basic amenities such as health care resources and more
sidewalks, he said. "It has been given the bare necessities to make it.
That's sad, because (the district) is just a few miles from downtown," said
Mancillas, a 35-year-old health care consultant.
Spending money to add bus routes should take precedence over building an
urban rail line, he said. He'd also like to see the City Council offer a 20
percent homestead exemption and pursue reforms at the Legislature to make
commercial property appraisals fairer and ease the tax burden on
homeowners. Also, more programs are needed to get police and residents
talking to each other and working together to reduce crime in the district,
Mancillas has rented a home off of Payton Gin Road for one and a half years.
Sharon Mays
Mays used to own the salad business Baby Greens and says Austin is not as
small-business-friendly as it could be. Simplifying the city's onerous
permitting process would be a good start, she said.
Mays, who was born in Dallas but grew up mostly in Austin, serves on the
North Austin YMCA board and helped start a community garden in the area.
District 4 lacks basic features that are crucial for public safety, such as
sidewalks and streetlights, she said. "It's 2014 and we're fighting for
sidewalks here. That's pretty bad. And it's the tip of the iceberg for the
things we're missing in District 4," said Mays, 42, a Democrat.
In addition to developing low-income housing, the city should encourage the
construction of home ownership options in the $150,000 to $200,000 range,
perhaps through development incentives, she said.
Several commercial properties on North Lamar and along Cameron Road are
vacant, blighted and magnets for crime, Mays said. The city should offer
loans or other incentives to get small businesses to locate in those
spaces, she said. That would not only make the neighborhoods more vibrant,
but reduce the time that residents must travel to get to retail, Mays said.
Perez says his work in social service and neighborhood groups has prepared
him to represent District 4's diverse needs.
At Goodwill of Central Texas, Perez supervises case workers who help
ex-convicts find jobs. He sits on the Community Development Commission, a
group that advises the City Council on housing policies. And he co-chairs
Restore Rundberg, a grant-funded effort to reduce crime in Northeast Austin.
Safety is his top concern; he'd like to see more beat cops added in North
Austin neighborhoods. Also, the city should more actively fine or penalize
landlords who refuse to repair blighted, crime-plagued apartment
properties, he said.
High housing prices are forcing Austinites to the suburbs, he said.
Streamlining the city's notoriously slow permitting process could create a
larger supply of homes and drive down costs, he said. Finding ways to more
fairly appraise commercial and residential properties should also be a
focus, said Perez, 34.
The California native, who rents a home off of Jamestown Drive, has floated
an idea to offer free or reduced-price bus passes. He said he would look at
similar programs in other cities to figure out how to pay for it.
Laura Pressley
Pressley began regularly visiting City Hall a few years ago to speak
against fluoride in drinking water, but she's moved on to meatier financial
issues, such as urging the City Council to hire more local businesses for
city contracts.
After narrowly losing a 2012 race to Council Member Mike Martinez, Pressley
actively campaigned for the 10-district system later that fall.
Pressley owns a purified bottled rainwater business and says the city needs
"a culture of cost reduction. They think we're all rich; we need to fix
that." She wants to stop tax incentive deals, enact a 20 percent homestead
exemption and cut utility rates. Austin Energy's budget, in particular,
deserves far more scrutiny by the City Council, she said.
A member of the Restore Rundberg team, Pressley says District 4 needs
healthcare resources and educational opportunities, such as college
scholarships for low-income students. She also decries the City Council's
penchant to "up-zone" — allow denser development — on properties citywide,
saying existing zoning can accommodate plenty more people.
Pressley, 51, bought a Windsor Hills home about a year ago (moving from
Allandale) and has raised the race's second-highest sum: $30,430. She
considers herself an independent and has previously voted in Democratic and
Republican primaries.
Affordability: Spend roughly equal amounts to offer homeowners a homestead
exemption and lower utility bills for lower-income renters. Also, encourage
workforce development programs.
Transportation: Add more bus routes, sidewalks and speed bumps.
Urban rail proposition: Supports the concept of urban rail, but not this
plan. Says paying for it would disproportionately hurt low- to
middle-income residents.
Affordability: Offer a 20 percent homestead exemption, phased in over four
years to lessen the impact on the city budget.
Transportation: Expand bus service and promote development that allows
people to live close to where they work.
Urban rail proposition: Hasn't decided. Says she's long supported mass
transit but has concerns about this plan's cost.
Affordability: Use publicly owned land to build more affordable housing.
Transportation: Increase bus routes, expand existing routes, reduce bus
fares. Build more sidewalks and bike lanes.
plan. Her objections include: lack of sufficient community engagement,
confusing ballot language and a high price tag.
Affordability: "I think interest rates will go up and the housing market
will balance out." Does not think the city should require developers of
residential projects to include affordable units.
Transportation: City needs to "pay for past sins" and build more roads,
especially more east-west corridors. Says he doesn't have a problem with
tolls if the toll goes away once the road is paid for.
plan. Says it will probably cost more than the estimate and won't pay for
Affordability: Make appraisal reform a top priority at the Legislature.
Work with health care providers to create more health care programs in
low-income areas of the district.
Transportation: Add MetroRapid bus routes and regular bus routes. Look at
building more parking near bus stops.
plan. Thinks it's too expensive and is not the right route.
Affordability: Offer incentives to developers that build
first-time-homebuyer options at an affordable price.
Transportation: Add nighttime bus routes to reduce drunken driving. Expand
other bus routes and install more sidewalks.
Urban rail proposition: Opposes. Thinks it will cost too much to build and
to ride.
Affordability: Build more affordable housing on city-owned land; lower
development fees; streamline the permitting process; keep the property tax
rate low.
Transportation: Look at offering free bus service to Austin residents (but
is not sure how to pay for this).
Urban rail proposition: Opposes. "It's not a good investment. It's an
outrageous amount of money for the length of track they would put in."
Affordability: Offer a 20 percent homestead exemption; lower utility rates;
stop offering tax incentives to big corporations.
Transportation: Focus on improving and expanding bus service.
Urban rail proposition: Opposes. Says it's too expensive and won't fix
congestion, and federal funding is not guaranteed.
Forum: Hear from the candidates at the city-sponsored forum for Districts 7
and 4 on Sept. 11 at the Northwest Recreation Center, 2913 Northland Drive.
The candidates for District 7 will start at 6 p.m., followed by the
candidates for District 4 at 7:30 p.m.
Vote: To cast a ballot in this election, you must be registered to vote by
Oct. 6. Early voting runs from Oct. 20-31. Election day is Nov. 4. If no
candidate receives more than 50 percent of the votes, the top two finishers
will go to a Dec. 16 runoff.
from the Statesman, behind the paywall:
www.mystatesman.com/news/news/local-govt-politics/eight-running-for-austin-city-council-district-4/nhGNK/


The PCEF is a DPI (Deep Packet Inspection) device responsible for the enforcement of rules which have been configured statically or supplied to the PCEF dynamically from the PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function). The PCEF sits on the user plane, ensure that subscriber traffic flows are treated in accordance with network policy e.g. implementing QoS, throttling traffic, blocking traffic, etc. Crucially, the PCEF will ensure that services are billed accordingly.


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Saakashvili hopeful youth will never live in armenized Georgia
10:44 14 October 2013 Read: 269
President of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili hopes that young generation of Georgia will live "neither in Eurasian Union not in an Armenized Georgia", but in Europe.
On Saturday, Saakashvili made the following statement at a presidential library named after himself which is still under construction, Regnum.ru reports.
Along with the President, Georgian diplomat Gela Charkviani whom Saakashvili has called his teacher and awarded him with the Order of St. George for educating many generations in the spirit of ideals of freedom and democracy, also visited the library.
"He (Gela Charkviani) has raised up many generation in the spirit of freedom, democracy and liberalism even at a time when these words were very dangerous and unfashionable in the country where we lived and where you did not have to live," Saakashvili added.
"I hope you will never live in this country or in the Eurasian Union and any country with armeniazed foreign policy. We all will live in Europe," he assured the young people who had gathered at the library under construction.
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Reporting from Michigan, mega-fan Craig Manning reviews Third Eye Blind's recent tour stop.
Third Eye Blind are a rock band. At least, they're supposed to be. They look like a band. They sound like a band. Their Wikipedia page labels them as a band. But at this point, 20 years on from their debut album, Third Eye Blind are more or less a solo vehicle for frontman Stephan Jenkins.
It wasn't always this way. When Third Eye Blind broke through with their masterful 1997 debut, they were a fourpiece: Jenkins on vocals, Kevin Cadogan on lead guitar, Arion Salazar on bass and Brad Hargreaves on drums. And the first time I saw Third Eye Blind, back at a July 4 festival show in 2009, then-guitarist Tony Fredianelli made almost as much of an impression as Jenkins. His riffs even kick-started the show.
But Jenkins has a bad habit of breaking things, at least when it comes to his band. Shortly after that July 2009 show, Jenkins fired Fredianelli. Fredianelli later sued Jenkins for denying him songwriting credits, a lawsuit that eventually earned him a jury award of more than $438,000. Needless to say, he, his noisy riffs and his explosive stage presence are no longer a part of the Third Eye Blind equation.
Fredianelli wasn't even the first Third Eye Blind guitarist to battle Jenkins in court. That title belongs to Cadogan, who sued the band in the early 2000s alleging wrongful termination, withheld royalty payments and denied ownership of the band. The lawsuit was settled out of court and Cadogan hasn't said a single good thing about Jenkins since.
That Jenkins is hard to work with is common music industry knowledge. Fortunately, that fact alone doesn't have much effect on the quality of his shows. Leading up to this summer, I'd seen Third Eye Blind three times, with three notably different lineups. Even knowing what I know about Jenkins, those shows were enjoyable. Some musicians are assholes. That doesn't mean we stop liking their music or discard the memories we have of their songs. On Third Eye Blind's current Summer Gods Tour, though, Jenkins's past misdeeds against his former band members are the proverbial elephant in the room.
The Summer Gods Tour is an anniversary tour, a live music trend I have already written about extensively for this very website. Deservedly, anniversary tours get some flak for being nostalgia cash-grabs, for being too predictable in terms of setlist creation, and for taking bands away from their new music. One issue I did not consider when writing my initial article on anniversary tours, though, is what happens when the band that made the album being celebrated has publicly fractured.
Third Eye Blind came out 20 years ago this past April. It's an album that means a lot to me personally. From childhood radio sing-alongs to teenage heartbreaks, this record has been a big part of my life pretty consistently since "Semi-Charmed Life" blew up across the industry. It's also why when the Summer Gods Tour was announced, I knew I wanted to go. The chance to hear songs like "Motorcycle Drive By" and "Losing a Whole Year" blast through an outdoor amphitheater on a muggy summer night was too enticing to pass up.
So on June 7, I caught the Summer Gods at Michigan's DTE Energy Music Theatre with my brother and some of his friends. A few beers in, I sang and shouted along with the hits and let the memories wash over me during the ballads. During "Motorcycle Drive By" especially, it felt like every fan in the place was journeying back to a time when that song meant something deeply personal to them. You could tell from the vibe around the venue there was a lot of history in the air.
But there was something about the show that didn't sit quite right with me. It didn't really settle in until after the music stopped, after my buzz wore off and the excitement of seeing one of my all-time favorite albums performed live dissipated.
At best, anniversary concerts should be a celebration for the people both onstage and off. The people in the audience get to go back in time and revisit songs that played important roles in their personal life soundtracks. The people onstage get to go back in time and revisit songs they wrote and made with each other. Few things are as intimate as creating art together, and a great anniversary tour honors this fact. That's what it was like on Springsteen's River tour last year, and by many accounts that's been the vibe with U2's Joshua Tree tour this year.
But that's not the vibe of the Summer Gods Tour. How could it be, when two of the guys who made the record aren't there? Sure, Clarence Clemons and Danny Federici helped Springsteen make The River, and they weren't present for his anniversary tour either. But Clemons and Federici passed away before they could complete the E Street Band narrative, and are still honored, loved and remembered at every E Street concert.
Kevin Cadogan and Arion Salazar are still very much alive, but they aren't honored at Third Eye Blind shows. They're remembered, certainly. It's tough not to remember Cadogan, when his shoegaze-y lead guitar was arguably the factor that allowed Third Eye Blind to transcend '90s rock radio to become something darker, edgier and a little more cerebral. But they certainly aren't honored by Jenkins, who seems like he would rather have everyone forget his former bandmates ever played a role in his legacy.
To his credit, Jenkins has made it clear that he sees the Summer Gods Tour as a "love letter" to fans. This tour is a one-time deal. Once this string of dates is up, Jenkins says the band will never play the self-titled record in full again. That's a special thing. It was special to hear those songs again, to sing along with them with other people who love them as much as I did. It was special to go back in time to when I was seven and had no idea what "Semi-Charmed Life" was about, but sure knew how to sing along to the hook. It was special to hear a song as lonely and heartbreaking as "The Background" repurposed as a late-night summer sing-along. There were so many things about this show that I loved.
In the end, I guess it's fitting the night rang truest when Jenkins sang "How's It Going to Be," the third single from Third Eye Blind and a one-time top 10 hit. "How's it going to be / When you don't know me anymore?" Jenkins bellowed during the song's climactic section.
For just a second, it felt like he might have been talking to his old friends.
Catch Third Eye Blind on tour throughout the rest of the year in the U.S. and Europe.


This is a sponsored post written by me on behalf of Seventh Generation for IZEA. All opinions are 100% mine. Seventh Generation Presents "Touch of Cloth"
Our house has been using Seventh Generation products for a couple years now. When Jay was a newborn we used their Natural Liquid Laundry Detergent to keep the baby acne, and other rashes away. We've also used their dish soap, and disinfecting wipes around our house. In the last few months I feel like I've become hyperaware of all the chemicals around us and in our home. I've realized that cleaning with those chemicals can be potentially dangerous to my kids if it gets in their system somehow, and so I've finally given in to going natural in the areas of our house where the kids play most often.
Recently we've had another positive experience with the Seventh Generation brand in our home. Em was getting a pretty bad rash on her legs and diaper area, but it wasn't a diaper rash like you would think. It was just a bunch of little bumps all over. Someone at church suggested that it might be from the diapers we're using, and she suggested to switch to Seventh Generation for a couple weeks and see if it helped. Sure enough, within a couple weeks the rash was gone! I love that Seventh Generation products are made with safe materials that can help keep my baby's skin soft, and clear!
Seventh Generation has launched a new line of diapers called, Touch of Cloth. These diapers are the first and only disposable diapers to feature a soft backsheet with pure unbleached cotton. Unlike other disposable diapers that will spend up to 300 years in landfills, because of Seventh Generation's all natural products these diapers will biodegrate. I love companies that not only have the consumer in mind, but the environment as well.
Thank you for reading and for supporting the brands that support this blog. I appreciate it more than you know!
Too bad the seventh generation diapers are too expensive for my budget, however I get their laundry soap at cCostco for cheap.
You bet those chemicals can be harmful to kids. Even the chemicals we use to wash our clothes as adults sometimes leave residue that really harm the skin. It may not affect you the first time but constant exposure can lead to rashes and itching.
Don't you find Seventh Generation brand too expensive?
i want something more natural instead of chemicals but i think we only can reduce chemicals, not stop using chemicals.
Personally speaking, Seventh Generation brand is quite expensive for people with low income like me. By the way, the image is so lovely. Thanks for your sharing.


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Q: Importing dll - using add reference doesn't allow me to use the 'using' function in the code I am using Visual Studio 2017, to create a c# class library (.dll).
I am modding a game and need to import the games .dll files.
I create my project, and add the dll files as a reference, and have checked the local copy box.  Once done however I cannot seem to use them?
using System;
using UnityEngine;

What should be happening (as far as I know) is that I should be able to use the classes within the dll files I am 'using', however the second line of code (Unity Engine, a dll I have added as a reference) is greyed out while the system one is not.
I have looked online but all the answers I have found are for C++, and reference a 'linker' file which I do not know how to implement.

A: directly inherit the class name like this "System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager". If your facing problem by adding namespace.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Lifted Studios dark UI theme for Atom, based on the Atom Dark UI theme.

This theme can be activated by going to the *Themes* section in the Settings view (`cmd-,`) and selecting it from the *UI Themes* drop-down menu.


Steam production is strongly influenced by the cleanliness of the gas-side heat transfer surface in a heat recovery steam generator. CO2 pellet blasting is the most cost efficient and environmentally benign approach available to owners and operators.
Deposits and corrosion on heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) tubes and other surfaces are inevitable problems and are a common cause of reduced steam production, sinking steam temperatures and degraded combustion turbine efficiency. The effects of a fouled HRSG are also tied to reduced electricity production and lost revenue.


I just love everything I see here. The tufted bench is rich in color, the rug is gorgeous, the large art is so grand against the concrete walls and it's all illuminated with a nice sputnik chandelier.
Which publication is Athena's house of the month from? I would love to see the entire article. Thanks!