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G. Randy Keller
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The Southern Oklahoma and Dniepr-Donets aulacogens: A comparative analysis
G. Randy Keller, Randell A. Stephenson
Book: 4-D Framework of Continental Crust
Series: GSA Memoirs
Publisher: Geological Society of America
DOI: 10.1130/2007.1200(08)
FIGURES | View All (8)
The classic failed continental rift or aulacogen is one that intersects a rifted continental margin at a high angle. Based on recent geological and geophysical studies, we have revisited a classic analogy that was drawn between two major intracratonic rifts, the Southern Oklahoma aulacogen in the southern portion of Laurentia and the Dniepr-Donets aulacogen in the southern portion of Baltica. The Southern Oklahoma aulacogen, also known as the Wichita aulacogen, consists of a linear alignment of extensively inverted rift structures that begins at the rifted margin of Laurentia in northeast Texas and extends northwestward at least to southern Colorado. Deep seismic profiles have revealed the upper crustal structure of this feature, and gravity data provide a regional context for interpreting these results. Velocities low enough to indicate the presence of sedimentary rocks extend to a depth of ∼15 km, and the deepest of these sedimentary layers has been interpreted as rift fill. In addition, the main inversion structure of the Southern Oklahoma aulacogen (Wichita uplift) is underlain by very high-velocity and dense mafic material even at upper crustal depths of ∼5 km. The Dniepr-Donets aulacogen has been cited as a type example of an aulacogen and is clearly a "failed rift" in the sense that it did not itself lead to continental breakup and ocean crust formation. The main feature of the aulacogen is a Late Devonian rift basin overlain by a substantial (but variable) postrift sedimentary sequence that records several extensional or transtensional events and at least one moderate compressional reactivation. Recent deep seismic reflection and refraction surveys resolve the geometry of the sedimentary succession in the Donets segment of the basin, indicating an asymmetric form with a steeper basement surface in the south than in the north and a total sedimentary thickness of ∼20 km. A thick (>10 km) high-velocity (>6.9 km/s) lower crustal body lies beneath the rift basin itself and is offset slightly to the north compared to the main basin depocenter. The Moho displays only slight topography around a depth of 40 km although, based on older deep seismic data, it shallows somewhat under the rift axis in the Dniepr segment to the northwest. Thus, major differences between these two major rifts are the nature of the magmatic modification of the crust and degree of inversion. Both the age of initial rifting and subsequent inversion in the Dniepr-Donets aulacogen are redefined compared to what was thought at the time the original analogy was made with the Southern Oklahoma aulacogen.
Variations in lithospheric structure across the margin of Baltica in Central Europe and the role of the Variscan and Carpathian orogenies
Marek Grad, Aleksander Guterch, G. Randy Keller
POLONAISE'97; CELEBRATION 2000 Working Groups
The European portion of the Eurasian plate formed as a result of a complex series of tectonic events that included the Caledonian, Variscan, and Carpathian orogenies. These orogenic events occurred along the western margin of the East European craton (a portion of the paleocontinent Baltica). In recognition of the complexity of the rifting that formed this margin in the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian and the subsequent tectonic events along it, the region adjacent to this margin has been called the Trans-European suture zone. In order to understand the processes at work during these tectonic events, a series of large integrated geophysical and geological investigations built around large seismic refraction-experiments (POLONAISE'97, CELEBRATION 2000, ALP 2002, and SUDETES 2003) were conducted between 1997 and 2003. In this study, we compare the results of the two longest seismic profiles and their tectonic implications. These studies showed that lithospheric structure of the East European craton directly inboard of its margin is relatively uniform, and the crust consists of three layers below the sedimentary cover, and it is ∼45 km thick. The lithospheric mantle contains several reflectors, and its velocity is ∼8.2 km/s. In the Variscides (Paleozoic platform) of northern Poland along the Trans-European suture zone, the consolidated crust beneath the sedimentary cover consists of two distinct layers, and the total crustal thickness is 30–35 km. Within the core region of the Trans-European suture zone, the crust is ∼40 km thick, but most of its upper half is the sedimentary fill of the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic Polish trough, which is underlain by a thick sequence of older continental-margin volcanic and sedimentary units. The lithospheric mantle structure is complex and indicative of a plate collision under the Trans-European suture zone region, and it has seismic velocities that are generally higher than those of the East European craton. In the Carpathian region, the effects of younger collisions are present in addition to evidence of the Variscan orogeny. It is somewhat surprising that the crustal thickness beneath the Carpathians is 30–40 km, but it is not surprising that beneath the Pannonian Basin, an extensional feature, the crust is only 24–28 km thick. The thickest crust in this region (∼50 km) occurs under the rifted margin of the East European craton. The sedimentary cover in this region varies greatly in age and thickness. It is 1–3 km thick beneath the East European craton, 10 km thick the beneath Polish Basin/Lublin trough region, ∼18 km thick in the Carpathian foredeep, and 5–8 km thick beneath the Pannonian Basin. The velocity in the lithospheric mantle is 8.1–8.25 km/s beneath the East European craton, 8.2–8.4 km/s beneath the Variscides–Trans-European suture zone, and 7.8–8.0 km/s beneath Carpathian-Pannonian area. The crust and features in the lithospheric mantle appear to dip northward in this area. In northern Poland, the rifted southwestern margin of the East European craton is abruptly bounded by the Trans-European suture zone and ultimately the Variscides over a region that is only ∼100 km wide, while the collisional zone between the East European craton and the Carpathian-Pannonian area is ∼300 km wide. In both areas, the lithospheric structure observed suggests that the Caledonian, Variscan, and Carpathian orogenies in this area were relatively "soft" collisions that left the East European craton passive margin largely intact. The structural model of the transition between the Pannonian Basin–Carpathians and the East European craton indicates northward "old" subduction under Baltica (Jurassic–Early Cretaceous). However, the thinning of the Pannonian lithosphere could be explained as the result of extension and high heat flow, with "young" southward subduction or slab rollback to the east, which took place in the Tertiary (Miocene).
A community effort to construct a gravity database for the United States and an associated Web portal
G. Randy Keller, T.G. Hildenbrand, R. Kucks, M. Webring, Allen Briesacher, Kristine Rujawitz, A.M. Hittleman, Daniel R. Roman, Daniel Winester, R. Aldouri, John Seeley, Jorge Rasillo, Roberto Torres, William J. Hinze, Ann Gates, Vladik Kreinovich, Leonardo Salayandia
Book: Geoinformatics: Data to Knowledge
Series: GSA Special Papers
Potential field data (gravity and magnetic measurements) are both useful and cost-effective tools for many geologic investigations. Significant amounts of these data are traditionally in the public domain. A new magnetic database for North America was released in 2002, and as a result, a cooperative effort between government agencies, industry, and universities to compile an upgraded digital gravity anomaly database, grid, and map for the conterminous United States was initiated and is the subject of this paper. This database is being crafted into a data system that is accessible through a Web portal. This data system features the database, software tools, and convenient access. The Web portal will enhance the quality and quantity of data contributed to the gravity database that will be a shared community resource. The system's totally digital nature ensures that it will be flexible so that it can grow and evolve as new data, processing procedures, and modeling and visualization tools become available. Another goal of this Web-based data system is facilitation of the efforts of researchers and students who wish to collect data from regions currently not represented adequately in the database. The primary goal of upgrading the United States gravity database and this data system is to provide more reliable data that support societal and scientific investigations of national importance. An additional motivation is the international intent to compile an enhanced North American gravity database, which is critical to understanding regional geologic features, the tectonic evolution of the continent, and other issues that cross national boundaries.
Fusion of Landsat ETM+ and radar data to enhance the extraction of surface and near-subsurface information
Hongjie Xie, G. Randy Keller
With the introduction of many new types of remotely sensed imagery in recent years, opportunities to compare and integrate these data abound. In this paper, we present a hue-saturation-value (HSV) transformation approach for the fusion of surface roughness and shallow subsurface information from Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) data with surface spectral reflectivity from Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data. The fused image is informative and brings out new features that are not evident in the original images, and it also helps to identify many features that are not clear in the original images. In this paper, we also present a combined principal components analysis (CPCA) approach to effectively remove the banding noise that degrades the radar image quality. We examine the differences in surface roughness, texture, and penetration ability at different radar frequencies, the differences between radar and optical (ETM+) images, and the utility of radar images in mapping morphologically defined structures such as fault scarps. The earthquake-related active faults in the Franklin Mountains and Valentine region in West Texas are presented as examples of successful applications of data fusion.
Data fusion in geophysics: Seismic tomography and crustal structure in Poland as an example
Matthew G. Averill, G. Randy Keller, Kate C. Miller, Piotr Sroda, Tiffni Bond, Aaron Velasco
FIGURES | View All (10)
The Trans-European Suture zone in eastern Europe is a complex region that marks the suture of Phanerozoic western European terranes with the Precambrian East European craton. Because of sedimentary cover and the Baltic Sea, the nature of this suture is known primarily from geophysical studies. Seismic velocity and gravity models from earlier experiments indicate changes of crustal thickness from 28–35 km to 42–47 km across the Teisseyre-Tornquist zone from the Paleozoic platform of western Europe to the East European craton. Tectonic models suggest the presence of a Precambrian–early Paleozoic passive margin beneath the Teisseyre-Tornquist zone. The Holy Cross Mountains in southeastern Poland represent an anomalous crustal block whose origin and interaction with the East European craton is unknown. We have employed a new approach to quantitatively integrate (i.e., data fusion) industry-acquired drilling and seismic reflection data, as well as refraction data from the CELEBRATION 2000, POLONAISE '97, and Teisseyre-Tornquist zone experiments in a tomographic inversion. We find that it is feasible to integrate data of different resolutions in a tomographic inversion. Secondly, we constrained upper-crustal velocities within our study area to create a more completely resolved velocity structure. Thirdly, we modeled a uniform gravity data set to validate all available data and construct models of crustal structure across the Holy Cross Mountains region.
A new GIS-driven geophysical database for the southwestern United States
Jesse B. Yoburn, Matthew J. Fouch, J Ramón Arrowsmith, G. Randy Keller
Geologic and geophysical investigations of the southwestern United States have provided a broad range of noteworthy regional geological and geophysical data sets. These data are integral to understanding the rich and complex geologic history of the region, which has experienced major periods of subduction, uplift, and extension over the past 2 Ga. However, these data are not generally archived in a consistent, digital format that enables interdisciplinary analysis. This paper presents the results of the development of a geographic information system (GIS) of significant geophysical data sets for the Colorado Plateau and southern Basin and Range as part of the SWGEONET project ( http://www.geoinformaticsnetwork.org/swgeonet/ ). The data system contains the following ten compilations: seismic S-wave tomography, receiver functions, shear wave splitting, stress fields, heat flow, thermal conductivity, heat production, complete Bouguer gravity anomaly, geodetic velocity field, and digital elevation models. We utilize the attributes and key findings from these individual data sets in this new infrastructure to better constrain relationships between data sets. To demonstrate the utility of examining these varying data in a common framework, we present four case studies that use GIS tools to join these data sets and provide new views of regional dynamics. These case studies provide estimates of regional variations in crust and/or lithospheric thickness, correlations between independent seismic data sets near the boundaries of the upper mantle transition zone, the potential extent of coupling between the crust and mantle, and possible sources of crustal deformational forces across the region.
G. Randy Keller, Steven M. Cather
Book: Basins of the Rio Grande Rift: Structure, Stratigraphy, and Tectonic Setting
DOI: 10.1130/SPE291-p1
Tectonic setting of the axial basins of the northern and central Rio Grande rift
Charles E. Chapin, Steven M. Cather
The axial basins of the northern and central Rio Grande rift evolved since late Oligocene as a chain of half grabens between the Colorado Plateau on the west and the interior of the craton on the east. The basins range from 80 to 240 km in length and from 5 to 95 km in width, with an average width of approximately 50 km. Basin-fill sedimentary deposits range up to 5 to 6 km in thickness. The oldest dated volcanic rocks interbedded with syn-rift sediments are about 26 Ma. Extension in the rift was left oblique and increases southward from 8 to 12% in the San Luis Basin, to about 17% in the northern Albuquerque Basin, to at least 28% in the southern Albuquerque Basin, to an average of 50% in the Socorro area. The most rapid phase of regional extension was middle to late Miocene. Sedimentary deposits of this age are volumetrically dominant within the rift basins and on the rift flanks (Ogallala and Bidahochi Formations). Basin asymmetry shifts back and forth from east-tilted to west-tilted across complex northeast-trending accommodation zones that developed along preexisting transverse structural lineaments. These accommodation zones lie on small circles about the Miocene Euler pole of rotation for the Colorado Plateau relative to the stable craton. Rotation about this Euler pole in northeastern Utah caused synchronous episodes of Miocene extension and sedimentation in the Rio Grande rift and in the central Wyoming-northern Colorado area, largely by the collapse of Laramide uplifts. Late Cenozoic rotation of the Colorado Plateau was 1.0 to 1.5° clockwise. Structural subdivision of basin floors within the rift by longitudinal master faults increased with increasing extension until, at some point in excess of 28% extension, one or more longitudinal fault blocks was uplifted isostatically through the basin surface to form an intrabasin tilted-block mountain range that subdivided the basin. Faulting and subsidence tended to migrate towards the basin axis as newer master faults cut off or merged downdip with, earlier faults. This deactivated the outer longitudinal blocks and left them stranded as shallow suballuvial benches covered by relatively thin sections of the older syn-rift sediments. Recent paleobotanical studies indicate that elevations prior to rifting were similar to present elevations. This suggests that crustal thickening during Laramide compression resulted in regional uplift during the early Cenozoic. Exhumation of the escarpment along the Rocky Mountains-High Plains boundary by erosion of approximately 400 to 600 m of Cenozoic and Cretaceous strata may be a consequence late Cenozoic climate change.
Depth and geometry of the northern Rio Grande rift in the San Luis Basin, south-central Colorado
Charles F Kluth, Carl H. Schaftenaar
DOI: 10.1130/SPE291-p27
The deepest part of the northern Rio Grande rift is just northwest of the Great Sand Dunes, on the eastern side of the San Luis Valley, in south-central Colorado. Approximately 150 km (95 m) of high-quality, 20-fold Common Depth Point seismic data indicate that the basin is filled with approximately 6.4 km (21,000 ft) of Tertiary sediments, mostly Oligocene or younger in age. These data, combined with published data, provide a basis for interpreting the structural geometry of the rift. The internal structural geometry of this part of the rift is surprisingly uncomplicated. Sympathetic and antithetic faulting is not widespread, or major, within the deep part of the basin. The internal geometry of the sedimentary packages, however, indicates a complicated movement history on the faults that are present within the rift. The bounding fault zone between the rift and the Sangre de Cristo Mountains has approximately 9.2 km (30,000 ft) of vertical separation and may be very complicated. Although we were not able to resolve the bounding fault zone with our seismic data, the data constrains the minimum angle of the fault zone to be approximately 45°. Our modeling suggests that a 60° angle is the most likely orientation of the fault zone. The influence of earlier, low-angle extension recognized nearby and elsewhere in the Rio Grande rift is not directly evident in our data. Assuming 60° antithetic shear in the hanging wall, which is supported by the seismic data, a depth of detachment (flattening) is estimated to be approximately 16 km, in the brittle-ductile transition zone estimated from heat-flow data. Cross sections drawn using the constraints of the new seismic data, require only 8 to 12% extension across the rift at this latitude.
Tertiary stratigraphy and tectonic development of the Alamosa basin (northern San Luis Basin), Rio Grande rift, south-central Colorado
Brian S. Brister, Robbie R. Gries
Analysis of borehole and reflection seismic data from the Alamosa basin (northern San Luis Basin, Rio Grande rift) reveals tectonic development in response to three Tertiary events, each with an associated package of rocks distinguished by mineralogy and petrology. Eocene redbeds of the Blanco Basin Formation (0 to 696 m thick) are micaceous, sandy mudstone and coarse arkosic sandstone units containing lithic pebbles derived from granitic basement rock. They were deposited in a late Laramide basin formed during wrench-fault-related segmentation of the early Laramide San Luis-Brazos uplift. The western half of the younger, rift-related Alamosa basin is superposed over this late Laramide basin. Initiation of Oligocene volcanism is marked by andesitic lava flows and volcaniclastic rocks of the Conejos Formation (0 to 2,300 m thick), also limited in extent to the western half of the Alamosa basin. Ash-flow tuffs (380 to 580 m thick) correlative to 29 to 27 Ma tuffs of the San Juan volcanic field cap the Conejos Formation in the western half of the basin and rest directly on denuded Precambrian basement in the eastern half of the basin. These tuffs exist in deep wells across the Alamosa basin and together represent a basinwide time marker. Extension related to the Rio Grande rift resulted in eastward-tilting of the entire basin area following emplacement of the ash-flow tuffs. Filling the resulting half graben is the upper Oligocene-middle Pleistocene Santa Fe Group (as much as 5.6 km thick) composed of variegated mudstones and coarse lithic sandstones and conglomerates. Lithic fragments in the Santa Fe Group represent two sources: variable-composition volcanic rocks from the San Juan volcanic field to the west (majority) and plutonic-metamorphic-sedimentary, basement-derived rocks from the Sangre de Cristo Range to the east (minority). An angular unconformity within the Santa Fe Group documents strong early tilting due to movement on the Sangre de Cristo fault zone during an early phase of rifting (late Oligocene-early Miocene). The rift-related geometry of the crust beneath the Alamosa basin is that of two east-tilted crustal blocks creating two second-order half grabens within the basin.
Variation in paleomagnetic rotations and kinematics of the north-central Rio Grande rift, New Mexico
Stephen L. Salyards, James F. Ni, M. James Aldrich, Jr.
Previous paleomagnetic work in the north-central Rio Grande rift (RGR) of northern New Mexico has demonstrated the presence of counterclockwise paleomagnetic rotations, possibly due to left-lateral shearing across the rift. To improve the spatial coverage and resolution of the intrarift rotation, we analyzed the late Tertiary sediments within the exposed Española Basin for paleomagnetic rotations. From five sites broadly distributed across the rift, the amount of rotation varies from little on the eastern edge to over 20° counterclockwise in the central and western rift. If interpreted as tectonic net rotation axes, the amount of rotation varies from 10 to 24°. Gently northeast plunging net rotation axis orientations in the eastern part of the rift indicate dominantly extension-related deformation. Steeper axis inclinations near the center and western part of the rift and Embudo accommodation zone indicate the presence of increased horizontal shearing in these regions. The paleomagnetic data show that the north-central Rio Grande rift is not rotating as a unit but rather consists of a number of smaller independently, counterclockwise-rotating blocks.
Cenozoic stratigraphy, sandstone petrology, and depositional history of the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico
Richard P. Lozinsky
The Albuquerque Basin is one of the largest and deepest basins of the Rio Grande rift. The latest Oligocene to middle Pleistocene Santa Fe Group is the major basin fill unit. Paleogene deposits underlie the Santa Fe and indicate that a depositional center predated the Albuquerque Basin. Pre-Santa Fe Tertiary deposits are subdivided into a lower unit that is at least partly correlative with the Eocene Galisteo and Baca Formations and an upper unit, the unit of Isleta #2, that is equivalent to the Datil Group and the overlying sequence of Oligocene volcanic rocks. Thickness of the Santa Fe Group ranges from 1,000 to 2,000 m along the basin margins to as much as 4,407 m in the basin center. Galisteo and Baca thicknesses are as much as 454 m; the unit of Isleta #2 is up to 2,185 m in the Shell West Mesa well. Galisteo-Baca sediments were deposited in basins that predated the Albuquerque Basin. These depocenters continued to receive sediments of the unit of Isleta #2 during early to middle Oligocene time. Lower Santa Fe sediments (30 to 5 Ma) were deposited into two internally drained basins. After 10 Ma, the Santa Fe had filled the basins to the point where a single, internally drained Albuquerque Basin was formed. At about 5 Ma, the basin drainage became through-flowing with the development of the ancestral Rio Grande. The first major episode of Rio Grande Valley entrenchment at about 1.0 Ma ended Santa Fe deposition. Sedimentation rates ranged from 20 to 30 m/m.y. during early and late phases of Santa Fe deposition to as much as 600 m/m.y. during middle Miocene deposition.
Structure and tectonics of the Albuquerque Basin segment of the Rio Grande rift: Insights from reflection seismic data
L. R. Russell, S. Snelson
The Albuquerque Basin, located in the central portion of the Rio Grande rift, is filled by 7,350 m of Tertiary clastic sediments deposited on a "basement" of Mesozoic and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and Precambrian crystalline rocks. The basin has been a center of Cenozoic volcanic activity over the last 37 m.y. Detailed examination of regional seismic reflection data, supplemented by well control and field work, has demonstrated that the Albuquerque Basin is asymmetric and structurally complex, consisting of two subbasins downdropped along low-angle to listric-normal faults of opposing structural polarity, some of which flatten at depths of about 10 km. The northern subbasin has been downdropped along a major west-dipping, listric-normal fault system whereas the southern subbasin is bordered by a system of major east-dipping, low-angle normal faults. Palinspastic restorations show that the amount of extension in the Albuquerque Basin ranges from 17% in the north basin to at least 28 to 30% in the south basin. The differential amount and polarity of extension between the two subbasins is taken up across a complex midbasin transverse structural zone/accommodation zone that seismically displays characteristics of a transtensional, negative-flower structure. General agreement on overall structural style exists relative to COCORP interpretations of the structure of the south basin. However, an alternative interpretation of the COCORP data is presented that advocates fold geometries on major basin-bounding normal faults in this portion of the basin. Seismic and outcrop evidence suggest that preexisting structures in the Precambrian basement rocks may in part have controlled the geometry of Tertiary structures in the region.
Thickness of the syn-rift Santa Fe Group in the Albuquerque Basin and its relation to structural style
S. Judson May, Lee R. Russell
DOI: 10.1130/SPE291-p113
The Santa Fe Group is a succession of Neogene sandstone, siltstone, conglomerate, and intercalated volcanics that fills the basins of the central Rio Grande rift. Data from twelve deep wells and recently released seismic profiles in the Albuquerque rift basin document a dramatic basinward thickening of the Santa Fe Group across the major basinal faults. Abbreviated thicknesses of less than 1,220 m (4,000 ft) occur on the structurally higher, outer benches, but the section thickens to more than 4,270 m (14,000 ft) in the basin center, on the downthrown sides of the basin's seismically defined master normal faults. Thickness of the Santa Fe mimics the basin's structural asymmetry. In the north, it forms an eastward-thickening clastic wedge in response to eastward tilting of the north part of the basin toward the westward-flattening master faults (Rio Grande, Sandia, and San Francisco-Placitas faults). In the south, it thickens westward toward the Santa Fe-Coyote master faults along the southwestern margin of the basin. As a result, depositional rates of the Santa Fe were rapid on the structurally deep, master-fault sides of the basin in the northeast and southwest and relatively slow on the basin's hinge sides in the northwest and southeast. At the northeast-trending Tijeras accommodation zone, which divides the north and south halves of the basin, the section thickens abruptly to the north in the basin center, indicating a major dip-slip as well as probable strike-slip component of motion between the two subbasins. Much of the thickening in the Santa Fe Group seems to occur in the upper Miocene part of the section, possibly implying a phase of accelerated crustal extension at that time.
Footwall unloading and rift shoulder uplifts in the Albuquerque Basin: Their relation to syn-rift fanglomerates and apatite fission-track ages
S. Judson May, Shari A. Kelley, Lee R. Russell
A systematic relationship exists between seismically defined, master normal faults of the Albuquerque Basin and the structural style of rift shoulders on the basin margins. Rift shoulders occupying the footwalls of these master faults have at least three characteristics distinguishing them from the other shoulders of the basin: 1. They are the source areas for the basin's major fanglomerates in the syn-rift Santa Fe Group. 2. They display distinctly Neogene apatite fission-track ages. 3. They have undergone the greatest amount of rift-related uplift in the Neogene. These relationships imply that uplift of these rift shoulders may be in part, the result of isostatic rebound of the lithosphere, accompanying tectonic unloading by the seismically defined master faults of the basin.
Crustal extension in the Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: Half-grabens, accommodation zones, and shoulder uplifts in the Ladron Peak-Sierra Lucero area
Claudia J. Lewis, W. Scott Baldridge
The geometry of major basin-bounding faults in the central Rio Grande rift indicates that extension is characterized by overlapping and nested half grabens linked together by accommodation zones and bounded by tilted block uplifts. The Albuquerque-Belen Basin is composed of two separate, opposite-facing, structurally complex basins linked by an accommodation zone. South of the Albuquerque-Belen Basin, the rift broadens southwestward around the Colorado Plateau. A zone of distributed sinistral shear at the margin of the plateau accommodated differential extension between the little-extended plateau and the half grabens (Milligan Gulch, La Jencia, and Socorro) of the rift. Extension in the latter accommodation zone is expressed in the sedimentary cover rocks by north-striking, high-angle normal faults and a segmented, northeast-striking, sinistral fault. The Ladron horst and the Lucero uplift border the rift on the western side of the Albuquerque-Belen Basin and were isostatically uplifted as a result of tectonic denudation along the bounding faults of adjacent half grabens. Footwall structures include folded Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks, intrabed thrust faults, and high-angle shear zones. We present new models for the Neogene evolution of the central Rio Grande rift and integrate contractional and extensional structures previously attributed to different stress regimes. Many of the structures in the central Rio Grande rift previously attributed to Laramide compression can be adequately explained by late Tertiary extension.
Stratigraphic consequences of episodic extension in the Lemitar Mountains, central Rio Grande rift
S. M. Cather, R. M. Chamberlin, C. E. Chapin, W. C. McIntosh
Detailed stratal tilt information for radioisotopically dated Tertiary rocks in the Lemitar Mountains of the central Rio Grande rift allows discrimination of two episodes of extension in the late Oligocene (largely 28.6 to 27.4 Ma) and middle to late Miocene (16 to 10 Ma). Rapid deformation in the late Oligocene (at least 25% extension) produced narrow, wedge-shaped accumulations of ash-flow tuffs and mafic lavas within half grabens defined by closely spaced (2 to 5 km) planar-rotational normal faults. Volcanic accumulation rates during this episode were sufficient to bury the developing fault-block topography, resulting in preservation of only minor amounts of intercalated sedimentary rocks. Following a period of weak extension in the early Miocene, rates of extensional strain again began to increase in the early middle Miocene (about 16 Ma) and continued to increase until about 10 Ma, when a more moderate rate ensued. During the time interval of 16 to 10 Ma, the Lemitar Mountains area was extended about 30% along widely spaced (5 to 15 km) planar-normal faults. Increased stratal-tilt rates in the middle Miocene caused the development of accommodation space to locally exceed sediment supply on the down-thrown side of a major intrabasinal fault (Silver Creek fault), resulting in topographic closure and the development of playa deposits within the lower Santa Fe Group (Popotosa Formation). As stratal-tilt rates further increased in the late Miocene, fluvial-lacustrine sedimentation offlapped toward narrow zones of maximum subsidence along active faults, causing the carving of widespread unconformities on older sediments on hanging-wall dip slopes. As tectonism waned in the latest Miocene-early Pliocene, sediment supply exceeded the development of accommodation space, resulting in onlap and aggradation of the upper Santa Fe Group (Sierra Ladrones Formation) that enabled the eventual integration of an axial-fluvial system (ancestral Rio Grande) between the longitudinally arrayed half grabens to the north and south of the Socorro Basin. The late Oligocene episode of rapid extension appears to be related to strain focusing by local thermal weakening due to voluminous concurrent magmatism in the area. In contrast, the late Miocene extensional event may be of regional scale, as shown by evidence for contemporaneous tectonism in other areas and the development of widespread unconformities between Miocene and Pliocene deposits of the Santa Fe Group in many basins of the Rio Grande rift.
An integrated geophysical study of the Estancia Basin, central New Mexico
Ronald Barrow, G. Randy Keller
This study focuses on the interpretation of seismic reflection lines, gravity, and well data in the Estancia Basin, which is located along the eastern margin of the Rio Grande rift in central New Mexico. Major new data introduced are seven seismic reflection lines provided by the Mobil Exploration and Production Company. The basin began to form during Late Mississippian and Early Pennsylvanian uplift of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains. Laramide-age thrusting and folding occurred west of the basin and may have caused strike-slip movements in the basin. Limited packages of Tertiary rocks occur in local outcrops, and small normal faults associated with the Rio Grande rift are the latest structural features in the basin. An integrated interpretation of the seismic reflection data and other geophysical and geological data make the following observations and interpretations possible: (1) the Pennsylvanian basin is a narrow, fault-bounded trough with a north-south trend; (2) the eastern boundary of this trough is a strike-slip fault that was probably active during formation of the basin; (3) this strike-slip fault was also probably active in the Laramide and possibly active in the Precambrian; (4) there are many prominent dipping reflectors in the Precambrian basement that may represent ductile shear zones, and (5) the effects of the Rio Grande rifting in the area were minor.
Structural and tectonic evolution of the Joyita Hills, central New Mexico: Implications of basement control on Rio Grande rift
William C. Beck, Charles E. Chapin
Phanerozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks exposed in the Joyita Hills area (Socorro County, New Mexico) record structures that developed in response to three deformational episodes: ancestral Rocky Mountain, Laramide, and Rio Grande rift. Additional exposures of Proterozoic gneiss in the core of the Joyita Hills reveal three preferred orientations of high-angle to vertical, gneissic to mylonitic foliations. These strike north, northwest, and east-northeast. Proterozoic amphibolite dikes parallel the east-northeast foliations. Comparison of Phanerozoic fault and dike orientations with attitudes of Proterozoic structures indicates that reactivation of basement flaws was a factor common to each Phanerozoic orogenic event. Reactivation of Proterozoic foliations during ancestral Rocky Mountain tectonism resulted in basins and uplifts of north and northwest trend. Normal, left-oblique slip on north-striking faults and normal slip on northwest-striking faults, when combined with the orientation and spatial distribution of basins and uplifts, indicates that late Paleozoic deformation in central New Mexico was the result of north-trending, divergent, sinistral wrench faulting. Laramide tectonism reactivated Proterozoic structures in a strike-slip sense. North-striking (synthetic) and east-northeast-striking (antithetic) faults define a north-trending, dextral wrench fault system. Other dextral wrench faults strike northeast, and parallel the Montosa and Del Curto fault zones. Thrust faulting and associated folds were a lesser component of Laramide deformation, and were apparently related to Laramide wrench fault systems. Extensional reactivation of Proterozoic structures influenced the development of basins and uplifts of the Rio Grande rift. Northwest-striking and east-northeast-striking normal fault and dike systems paralleled Proterozoic foliations and amphibolite dikes. North-striking foliations and ancestral Rocky Mountain faults observed along the East Joyita fault influenced the development of this major, down-to-the-east normal fault (approximately 3 km stratigraphic throw). Moreover, north-striking foliations and ancestral Rocky Mountain structures (the north-trending Lucero basin and adjacent uplift) influenced the location and orientation of the Albuquerque Basin segment of the Rio Grande rift.
Crustal structure of the western margin of the Rio Grande rift and Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona
Robert V. Schneider, G. Randy Keller
The southeastern margin of the Colorado Plateau (CP) lies in southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. It is defined as the boundary between the CP, the Rio Grande rift, and the Basin and Range (BRP) provinces. Along its western and southern margins, the CP is physically distinguishable from the BRP by major escarpments. Because of a thick cover of volcanic material associated with the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field (MDVF), no such demarcation exists in the study area. To accurately determine lithospheric structure in this area, two seismic refraction lines that intersect within the MDVF were studied. In addition, gravity data along these lines were simultaneously analyzed. Based on these data, velocity and density profiles were created via an iterative forward modeling processes. Major crustal boundaries for each paired gravity/refraction profile were constrained to agree at the point of intersection and with other geological and geophysical control. Structurally, the CP margin appears as an abrupt northward deepening of the Moho just south of Datil, New Mexico. This lies beneath a major low density-low velocity upper crustal body, interpreted to be a plutonic complex approximately 230 by 150 by 6 km. It is very likely that this complex provided the source material for the MDVF. Stoping appears to be the vehicle for emplacement of this body, implying a major crustal reorganization in middle Tertiary time.


text:
Home > About > Our Work > Small Grants Project > The right to special protection in situations of exploitation > The Right to Special Protection - The Law
Domestic, regional and international laws
Domestic Law
Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act (32 of 2007) covers statutory sexual offences and special protection measures for children and persons who are mentally disabled, including offences relating to sexual exploitation or grooming, exposure to or display of child pornography or pornography to children and the creation of child pornography. The Act further provides for the creation of a National Register for Sex Offenders.
The Domestic Violence Act 2005 defines the different forms of domestic violence against adults and children and says a child (or other people on behalf of the child) can get a Protection Order against the abuse6
International and Regional Law
UN Convention on Rights of Child entered into force September 1990. Article 34 protects children from all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Article 35 prevents abduction of, sale of, or trafficking in children
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. Adoped by the OAU (Organisation of African Unity) in 1990 and entered into force in 1999, the Charter calls on all States party to the charter to protect children from all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This morning, the Globe & Mail ran Eric Reguly's report on the escalating world-wide food crisis, "How the Cupboards Went Bare".
As prices surge, starvation looms for millions.
"The causes include the turning of food into fuel (biofuels), climate change, high oil and natural gas prices, greater consumption of meat and dairy products as incomes rise, and global investment funds' strategies, which have driven up prices of corn, soybeans, wheat and rice to new highs."
Suddenly the consideration of which white shirt to buy seemed far less appealing than: what can I do?
I'm not likely to resist the siren call of more and redirect all discretionary income to reducing malnutrition, disease and famine, whether in Africa or my country... but I can give more.
I have no answers, just a question for you: how do you reconcile having and giving?
My solution has been to transform my covetousness into desires for things to help others. I collect clothes and useful stuff for the native people at a reserve up north and others in my hand-me-down chain. Kind donors bring me clean used clothes and I get to sort through them, assessing suitability and who else might benefit from what. Occasionally someone donates something like a designer silk blouse or high heels, which aren't too useful on this reserve, and then I get to sell them for $5 to friends or slightly less needy acquaintances. That thrilling money goes to the native food bank or pays for gas.
In this manner I get to exercise both my acquisitiveness and letting go. I get to look after people and I get to feel generous when the bi-monthly shipments empty my basement. Everybody wins.
Sjcyogi, thanks for providing the details of your practical way to give.
Your method could be used by anyone, as a regular or occasional activity.
I think this is a great article and one I use as a guide for my own giving.
S.: I have heard Singer speak and be interviewed, thanks for this link, which could be useful to many.


text:
Rank the Big East
Thread starter nelsonmuntz
nelsonmuntz
Point Center
As we get close to league play, I wanted to see people's opinions about the league teams. My take:
NCAA Locks:
1) Syracuse - playing like a talented, experienced team. May be Boeheim's deepest squad yet.
2) UConn - playing like a very talented, inexperienced team. Individually fantastic defensively, but too many team defensive lapses. Offense could use some work, especially on getting the ball down low to guys at the right spots, and big man passing needs to improve. We will see a lot of zone this year.
3) Marquette - at year end, Marquette fans are going to wonder 'what if" about this season. Losing Otule hurts, but Williams' game coaching is the bigger problem. Starting 5 is as good as any in the league, and Crowder and Johnson Odom are undefendable, but they lose too many to the LSU's of the world to be a credible BE Champion or Final Four Contender.
4) Louisville - very good team on paper, something is missing. Pitino is good enough to win 11 or 12 in the Big East the way it is this year, and will get a high seed in the Dance, but this is not a great team.
5) Georgetown - I love the way Georgetown plays. They are the best offensive team in the league every single year. They don't have the talent to consistently beat the top teams nationally or in the Big East, but on a given night, are a very tough matchup.
6) Pitt - Same old Pitt, with a little less talent than usual. Gibbs is a really good complementary player that is not really capable of carrying a team deep in March, and they have a couple of starters that would be backups on a typical Pitt team (Taylor, Robinson). Good team though.
HUGE GAP
Bubble:
7) WVU - Kevin Jones is one of the best players in the league, but I hate picking a team this high that starts a bonehead like Truck Bryant or depends on a goofball like Deniz Kilici for major production. Kilici should be a first time all-conference, but he plays with his head up his ass for about half of every game.
8) Depaul - Depaul is so close to being a good team. They seem to beat themselves at crunch time, but much of that is youth and will improve with time. Melvin is the real deal, and will have a great career at Depaul if he can stay healthy. Defensively, this team is actually a tough matchup for UConn, but they waste too many possessions on the other end and are probably a year away from an NCAA bid.
9) Seton Hall - Pope is finally breaking out, like he should have 2 years ago. The starting 5 is solid, with Theodore a very respectable player. I did not expect the team to be this improved, and had thought Willard was a mistake, but he is impressing me this year. I think he needs to find at least 1 more guy he can play, because you can't press in Big East play if you are only playing 6 guys. If he can find that guy, SHU could make the Dance.
10) Cincinnati - this team had issues before Gates' cheap shot against Xavier. Cronin's teams chronically underachieve. I think he is too high strung and emotional, but whatever the reason, there is way too much talent on this team to be losing to teams like Marshall and Presbyterian. Wright, Dixon, Gates and Kilpatrick can hold their own against most players, but this team does not have the mental toughness, and seems to go through wretched cold stretches almost every game. I feel like this team will be .500 or worse in league play, which will not warrant an NCAA bid.
11) Providence - Cooley has gotten the team to play smarter, and some defense, but I am not impressed by the 10-2 record compiled against a bunch of cupcakes. Council is a decent player, nothing more, and Cotton has some potential. They should make the NIT, but I don't see them pulling too many upsets. This team needs a major talent upgrade.
No postseason:
12) Villanova - Looks like Lappas' teams after Kittles left. Well coached teams with mediocre talent that are not a threat to do anything in league play. Wayns and Yarou are average/above average players. There is nothing special about anyone on this team, and they will be an afterthought all season.
13) Notre Dame - I am not sure how this team got so bad. Abromaitis was a huge loss, but there is basically no one else on this team that matters at all. I am not sure how that can happen with a major program. Defensively they are not as bad as most Brey teams, but they have no players that can create, making them easy to defend.
14) USF - Gilchrist should be on track to be a high lottery pick by now, and has instead regressed every year. Anderson is a solid junkyard dog, and Poland is average at the 2 (has he been injured?). The rest of the team is not terrible on paper, but Heath is still the coach so they will suck.
15) Rutgers - The revenge of Fred Hill Jr. The upperclassmen suck and the freshmen are freshmen. I like Rice, but this is going to be a long year. You may see an upset or two late.
16) St. Johns - perfect storm of 3 years of lousy Norm Roberts recruiting with a serious illness by Lavin and a bunch of players not getting eligible. Losing Lindsey was the backbreaker though, because I think he is excellent, if obviously incredibly immature even for an 18 year old. You can write-off this season.
Reactions: nomar
hooskies
Louisville over Marq, and i think WVU will make the tourney.
bobbygt
1. Syracuse
2. Louisville
3. Uconn
4. Pitt
5. Marquette
6. G'town
7. Seton Hall
8. Cincinnati
9. WVU
10. Providence
11. Nova
12. Depaul
the rest (St johns, USF, Rutgers, ND)
HuskyBballFan
My only beef with the OP's ranking is DePaul at 8. Yes they are improved, but they're not in the top half of the league just yet.
DOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOMED!!!
arnie3
I think that the top seven (switch out WVU for SHU) will be in, and the rest up to 12 will be in "other" tournaments. SJU got some good news that Amir Garrett is eligible for the second half. I still think that USF is the worst team, even after their impressive win over Cleveland State this week.
#4hunnid
1-lville they are top 10ish now, just wait till there guys gets back
2-cuse
3-uconn
4-marq
5-gtown
6-pitt
7-wvu
8-shu
9-16 rest of the BE, non ncaat teams
fleudslipcon
We are UConn!! 4>>>1
voldemort said:
You should consider putting a Go at the end of your name.
Reactions: Mr. Wonderful
fleudslipcon said:
maybe im just slow above the shoulders but what?
I sorta agree that UL is number 1 right now as well (I did put Cuse there above . . .). Pitino owns Syracuse and after watching them last night and against Memphis, they just seem like a team that knows how to win.
I don't think they are waiting on anybody though. Marra is out for the year. Van Tresse is a bench player. The only other guy is Blackshear, who will be coming back in a month or so, but I don't think he'll contribute much this year.
You would be HuskyfanDanGo as in Husky fanDanGo. Bad joke but every time I read your name I hear the word fandango as in fandango dance. I'm sure my obscure thinking will not strike another mental synapse in the Boneyard universe other than a is this dude.
On a serious note, what is the timeline of the return for the Louisville players? If they get healthy quickly, I have to agree with you and put them above the Cuse. Also agree with the remainder of your rankings.
i have no clue when lville players are coming back. they press and run for 40, thats what they want to do. anyone coming back no matter starter or bench guy, if they can crack the rotation then thats more depth for a already good team.
You would be HuskyfanDanGo as in Husky fanDanGo. Bad joke but every time I read your name I hear the word fandango as in fandango dance.
Fandango is one of the main folk dances in Portugal. The choreography is quite simple: on its more frequent setting two male dancers face each other, dancing and tap-dancing one at each time, showing which one has the most lightness and repertoire of feet changes in the tap-dancing. The dancers can be boy and girl, boy and boy (most frequent) or rarely two girls. While one of the dancers dances, the other just "goes along". Afterwards, they "both drag their feet for a while"[cite this quote] until the other one takes his turn. They stay there, disputing, seeing which one of them makes the feet transitions more eye-catching.
It's also the title of an obscure but very funny movie by the same name. If you haven't seen it, it's worth tracking down. Fandango stars a very young Kevin Costner and Judd Nelson. It also will introduce to you one character by the name of Truman Sparks, played with relish by Marvin J. McIntyre.
jleves
Mr. Wonderful said:
Great movie - love the skydiving scene. Brings tears to my eyes.
Thanks for the heads up. BTW any Shakespeare fans might find the movie Anonymous interesting.
USF - How do they feel about passing on Huggins to hire Heath? Has Heath ever been successful? He took over a very good Kent team when Waters went to Rutgers, went to the Final 8, and hasn't been successful since. This guy has been stealing money for almost 10 years. What does he have to do to get fired? Gilchrist should sue him for coaching malpractice. If Gilchrist played for Calhoun, Blaney would have him a Top 5-10 pick by now. The guy is a monster, athletic, and has great touch, yet he is averaging 11 and 6. He should be an 18 and 10 player in his sleep. He has gotten worse every year since he was a sophomore.
Louisville - Marra is the only real loss to injury, and he isn't coming back. Comeback wins against Charleston do not impress me. If they beat Kentucky or at least keep it close, I will change my tune. Until then, I think they are very good, but barely top 4 in the Big East and not a real threat for a deep March run.
Seton Hall - Gonzalez was not a bad coach, he was just bats*** crazy. While there seemed to be a spectacular roster flameout every year (didn't one guy get arrested for armed robbery and another get busted going the wrong way on the Garden State?), the guys that stayed behind were good and got better every year. Willard walked into a good situation, which he proceeded to waste last year. I think Gonzalez was a better coach, but there is some talent on this team and they could make a run at a winning record in the BE.
Depaul - this team was a great steal by Ole Miss away from winning that game, and Minnesota needed a big comeback to beat them. Minnesota is a good team. Milwaukee was a fairly bad loss, but there are a lot of bubble teams dragging around worse losses. This team is young and getting better. The one thing about Purnell is that historically his teams always seemed to plateau without reaching their full potential.
nelsonmuntz said:
Louisville has played some pretty decent competition thus far and Charleston is a pretty good team.
Louisville also brings back many parts of its team that finished 4th in the big east last year and beat uconn 2 out of 3
Just trying to be a contrarian here, but uconn gave up a 17 pt lead and lost to UCF. They then needed a huge play by Boatright to force OT against a good but far from great FSU team.
I think UL has been much more stable than uconn thus far and have looked better than every other big east team except Syracuse (a team that UL has beaten like 8 in a row).
bmayuc
1) Syracuse - playing like a talented, experienced team. May be Boeheim's deepest squad yet. They have a plethora of really, really good players. Solid Frontcourt, Solid Backcourt, Solid Wings. Still, I don't see the player that will carry them through a rough stretch. That moment will come, and I don't think they are up to the task... Rank 3
2) UConn - playing like a very talented, inexperienced team. Individually fantastic defensively, but too many team defensive lapses. Offense could use some work, especially on getting the ball down low to guys at the right spots, and big man passing needs to improve. We will see a lot of zone this year. I think that we are in the best position to win this league. Talent, Depth, youth, Experience, Upside. Our roles are beginning to become clear, and if we can get some increased Wing production, everything else should fall into place. Rank 1
3) Marquette - at year end, Marquette fans are going to wonder 'what if" about this season. Losing Otule hurts, but Williams' game coaching is the bigger problem. Starting 5 is as good as any in the league, and Crowder and Johnson Odom are undefendable, but they lose too many to the LSU's of the world to be a credible BE Champion or Final Four Contender.I love watching Marquette play. They play 10-15% harder than any other team that they play. This comes at a price, however. They tend to play a bit out of control sometimes and don't always have great composure. Rank 4
4) Louisville - very good team on paper, something is missing. Pitino is good enough to win 11 or 12 in the Big East the way it is this year, and will get a high seed in the Dance, but this is not a great team. It always sucks to play against Louisville, and they are very athletic and skilled. I don't want to praise them any more, or my reverse jinx may not pay off. Rank 2
5) Georgetown - I love the way Georgetown plays. They are the best offensive team in the league every single year. They don't have the talent to consistently beat the top teams nationally or in the Big East, but on a given night, are a very tough matchup. Don't like this team. Clark is good, but their younger players looked just terrible early in the year and i have no confidence that Henry Sims will continue to be a big-time presence. Rank 6
6) Pitt - Same old Pitt, with a little less talent than usual. Gibbs is a really good complementary player that is not really capable of carrying a team deep in March, and they have a couple of starters that would be backups on a typical Pitt team (Taylor, Robinson). Good team though.I will never, ever count a Jamie Dixon team out. But man, they've missed on some of their recruits haven't they? Dante Taylor is not what everyone thought he would become, and now with Khem Birch taking his ugly ass haircut back to Canada, im not sure that this team can turn it around...Rank 7
7) WVU - Kevin Jones is one of the best players in the league, but I hate picking a team this high that starts a bonehead like Truck Bryant or depends on a goofball like Deniz Kilici for major production. Kilici should be a first time all-conference, but he plays with his head up his ass for about half of every game. This team is classic Huggy-Bear. gritty, feisty, average skill level. Really like Hinds and KJones from what I've seen, but not going to light the world on fire. Rank: 5
8) Depaul - Depaul is so close to being a good team. They seem to beat themselves at crunch time, but much of that is youth and will improve with time. Melvin is the real deal, and will have a great career at Depaul if he can stay healthy. Defensively, this team is actually a tough matchup for UConn, but they waste too many possessions on the other end and are probably a year away from an NCAA bid. Melvin absolutely made the right choice. Feature player, a true junkyard dog. I really enjoy watching him play. The rest of the team, not so much. no tourney
9) Seton Hall - Pope is finally breaking out, like he should have 2 years ago. The starting 5 is solid, with Theodore a very respectable player. I did not expect the team to be this improved, and had thought Willard was a mistake, but he is impressing me this year. I think he needs to find at least 1 more guy he can play, because you can't press in Big East play if you are only playing 6 guys. If he can find that guy, SHU could make the Dance. Seton Hall makes the tourney this year. Veteran big guy, Veteran crafty(LEFTY) point guard, and some nice role players. I think this is the team that jumps from the garbage bottom of the league to surprise. Willard is doing a nice job.
12) Villanova - Looks like Lappas' teams after Kittles left. Well coached teams with mediocre talent that are not a threat to do anything in league play. Wayns and Yarou are average/above average players. There is nothing special about anyone on this team, and they will be an afterthought all season.Ok here is where I disagree with you bigtime. How can you say Wright teams are well-coached? His players do not develop, he continually runs an offense that is very low by any efficiency metric, and despite what appears to be solid recruiting has not solidified that team as a yearly contender.
14) USF - Gilchrist should be on track to be a high lottery pick by now, and has instead regressed every year. Anderson is a solid junkyard dog, and Poland is average at the 2 (has he been injured?). The rest of the team is not terrible on paper, but Heath is still the coach so they will suck. Heath is just awful as a coach.
I know it seems to early to do this (and it may look stupid if we look back at this in March), but it seems to me like the NCAA picture for the Big East is relatively clear already:
Teams that realistically have no shot (7): St. John's, Rutgers, South Florida, Providence, DePaul, Villanova, Notre Dame. DePaul and PC have nice OOC records, but they won't win enough Big East games. It's hard to completely write off Nova and Notre Dame this early, but they've dug themselves into such a hole already. The best win between the two teams is Notre Dame's home win against Detroit. Nova has beaten 6 awful teams and lost to the 5 decent teams they've played.
Teams that do have a shot: The remaining nine. Barring unexpected collapses, Syracuse, Uconn, Lousiville, Pitt, Marquette and Georgetown will get in. Seton Hall is in good enough shape where 9-9 should get them in (and they play Rutgers and DePaul twice this year). Cincinnati has a lot of work to do but I don't think they can be written off. Same can be said for West Virginia, who has a couple big games against Missouri State and Baylor before Big East play.
In summation, don't see how we get less than 6 or more than 9.


text:
William Kentridge: Studio Life Gravures
Physical + Online
New York (Manhattan)
David Krut Projects New York
Exhibition Type:
How many artists:
How many exhibition works:
Tuesday, 25 October 2022 to Friday, 16 December 2022
Tuesday, 25 October 2022 - 6:00pm to 8:00pm
kentridge
David Krut Projects, New York
October 25 - December 16, 2022
Opening Reception: Tuesday, October 25 from 6-8pm
David Krut Projects, New York is pleased to present a new series of gravure editions by William Kentridge, produced in collaboration with the David Krut Workshop (DKW) in South Africa and Jillian Ross Print (JRP) in Canada.
This exhibition presents two bodies of work created through the gravure process. Studio Life is a series of twelve photogravures, featuring the artist at work in his studio, created over two years. The second series resonates with images in Kentridge's current exhibition at The Royal Academy in London, where he is recognised as an Honorary Royal Academician. The works presented in this exhibition have been developed as part of a long-distance collaboration with the David Krut Workshop and Jillian Ross to create a body of work that defies geographical limitations.
William Kentridge's first collaboration with David Krut was in 1992 and the artist / publisher relationship has continued for thirty years with various master printers at print workshops around the world. David Krut Workshop was established in Johannesburg in 2002, and Jillian Ross joined the workshop in 2003, directing its activities alongside David Krut for seventeen years. During this time, Ross formed a close relationship with William Kentridge as his primary collaborating printer on large-scale print projects. Following Ross' relocation to Canada in early 2020, this exhibition is a culmination of this long-term association between Kentridge, Krut, Ross and their supporting teams, recently reimagined in a trans-continental way.
The Studio Life images are stills from Kentridge's nine-part film series titled Self-Portrait as a Coffee Pot, which screened for the first time at the recent Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF). The prints reflect the artist in various phases of work in his studio, and include a huge Laocoön sculpture that only existed for a few days, and Stalin as a Showman from Kentridge's uniquely created animated film based on Shostakovich's 10th Symphony, which has been shown alongside a full orchestral performance.
The second group of gravures includes The Old Gods Have Retired, a twelve-plate assembly, based on a monumental drawing of a tree that Kentridge had created in his studio, which features in the Studio Life series of films and also relates to large multi-sheet drawings of trees in his Royal Academy show. Beckmann's Self-Portrait with Jam Jar and Scissors and The Mirror Will Not Help are other works that have emerged as a result of this collaboration, and are currently being editioned in Johannesburg.
For more information, please email info@davidkrut.com.
Artist's Instagram:
https://www.instagram.com/williamkentridgestudio/
Artist ( Description ):
Born in Johannesburg in 1955, William Kentridge still lives and works there to this day. He is internationally renowned for the expressionism of his work in numerous media, among them charcoal, printmaking, sculpture and film, as well as his acclaimed theatrical and operatic productions. As elusive as it is allusive, Kentridge's art is shaped by apartheid and grounded in the politics of the post-apartheid era, and in science, literature and history, while always maintaining space for contradiction and uncertainty. - Note from the Royal Academy WILLIAM KENTRIDGE catalog.
https://davidkrutprojects.com
Venue's Instagram:
https://www.instagram.com/davidkrut.nyc/
Venue ( Address ):
526 W. 26 St, 8th Fl, Suite 816
Between 10th & 11th Ave
Closest Transportation: 23rd Street C/E or 34th Street 7
David Krut Projects , New York
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Emerson was sales and marketing director at Brompton Bicycle where he held board-level responsibility for global sales and marketing. Revenues grew 436% over those 7 years, and he was instrumental in leading the company's export efforts into a number of European and Asian markets. Emerson is a qualified barrister, with an MBA from the London Business School and an honours degree in History from the University of Cambridge.
David joined the board of The Edward Alexander Group following fifteen years holding senior positions within the service sector. During this time, David supported a diverse portfolio of SMEs on financial matters including management reporting, strategic planning and implementation, as well as matters of corporate governance and fulfilment of statutory obligations.
Roy has more than 25 years' experience investing in and managing growing businesses. In 2008, Roy co-founded Oakfield Capital with Michael Patton. He has worked with leading firms including Apax, Providence Equity, Amadeus Capital Partners, McKinsey & Company, and was co-head of Deutsche Bank Capital's growth private equity business along with Michael. He was also the CFO of Esprit Telecom PLC, where he was instrumental in its growth from $5 million to $250 million of revenue. He was non-Executive Chairman of Axon Group PLC. Roy holds an MBA with Distinction from INSEAD and received his first degree in Chemical Engineering from Cambridge University.
Michael has held a number of senior positions in the Private Equity and Investment Banking industries. Prior to founding Oakfield with Roy, Michael was CEO of the J. Rothschild family office. Previously, he was co-head (with Roy) of the growth private equity business at Deutsche Bank and a director (with Roy) at Providence Equity Partners. Michael also worked in M&A advisory at Morgan Stanley. Michael has a first-class MA in Electronic and Information Engineering from Cambridge University and an MBA with Distinction from INSEAD.
Shona Founded McKinney & Co in 1988 with Cath Kidston.
Prior to McKinney & Co she started her own swimwear brand that was sold in Harvey Nichols, Brooks Brothers and Harrods.
Neil has been with Gainsborough since 1989 and has worked across the business in a variety of roles. Having spent almost his entire career in silk weaving, Neil's vast knowledge of the market and the intricacies of the weaving process are particularly valued by Gainsborough's customers, particularly on historical and bespoke work.
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Home › Products › Compliance › Competition Law › Knowledge Base FAQs › FAQs › What are Restrictive Agreements?
What are Restrictive Agreements?
Compliance Knowledge Base | Competition Law
Posted by: Morgan Rennie Published: Mon, 10 Sep 2018 Last Reviewed: Mon, 10 Sep 2018
Restrictive Agreements are anti-competitive agreements decided upon between two bodies with the intent to distort the competition within the market, through either a written agreement or an oral agreement. The UK Competition Act 1998 and the Enterprise Act 2002 refer to restrictive agreements within Chapter I and establish the anti-competitive nature within these agreements, which ensure that penalties will be inflicted because of such agreements. To ensure that your organisation is aware of what restrictive agreements are and how they are penalised, knowledge of competition laws is essential.
The Competition Act 1998 and Enterprise Act 2002 prohibit any type of restrictive agreement which is anti-competitive in nature. This prohibition is stated in Chapter I, as it refers to agreements which might affect trade within the UK and distort competition. The most severe restrictive agreements will include agreements upon price fixing and market sharing; deals such as these will be referred to as 'hard-core' restrictive agreements. The agreements which can be considered as restrictive include:
- Agreements which fix purchases and selling prices.
- Agreements which control production, the markets, developments and investments.
- Agreements which allow the sharing of markets or sources of supply.
- Agreements which apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, which results in these parties being at a competitive disadvantage.
- Agreements which conclude certain contracts through the acceptance of unrelated obligations.
These restrictive agreements do not have to be officially written down agreements - they can even be in the form of oral agreements. For example, if two employees from competing businesses share information about the market and about different competitors, this can be through an oral transaction of information, not written. They are still regulated by competition law.
Restrictive agreements can be in the form of vertical agreements and horizontal agreements. Restrictive vertical agreements are agreements between two bodies that are at different levels of the supply chain, so this could be a distributor and a retailer. Restrictive horizontal agreements are the agreements made between two competing bodies.
It has been discovered that restrictive vertical agreements can have a significant effect on the market competition if the combined market shares of the two bodies involved exceed 15%. Regarding restrictive horizontal agreements, if the two bodies involved have a combined market share of 10% then it will affect the market competition.
What are the consequences for making restrictive agreements?
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) is the non-ministerial government department in the UK which has the responsibility of ensuring competition is maintained within the market and for subsequently penalising the actions of organisations which conduct anti-competitive practices.
With regard to Chapter I of the Competition Act 1998, which refers to restrictive agreements, if an organisation is found guilty of a restrictive agreement, the CMA can inflict a fine upon this organisation which is the equivalent to 10% of the organisation's global turnover. This fine can be huge, and for SMEs especially it can be crippling.
As an organisation, if you implement a competition compliance programme, it will protect your business from engaging in anti-competitive conduct which could result in it being penalised. Therefore, it is important to consider the steps which could be implemented in order to comply with competition laws.
How can you Minimise the Risk of a Competition Law Breach within your Organisation?
How does Competition Law affect Businesses?
What Are Competition Law Investigations?
What are Horizontal Agreements and Hardcore Cartels?
What are Invalid Agreements?
What are the Consequences for Infringing Competition Laws?
What are the Exemptions from Competition Law?
What are Vertical Agreements and Joint Ventures?
What is a Dominant Market Position?
What is Competition Law Compliance Training?
What is Competition Law?
What is the Competition Act 1998?
What is the Enterprise Act 2002?
Who Enforces the Rules on Competition Law?
Why Does Competition Law Exist?
Why is Competition Law Relevant to You?


During 40 years of communism, trade shows on Slovak soil were visited largely by the braver citizens of the then-Czechoslovak Federation. The western cars, computers and electronic gadgets on display, say eyewitnesses, had a thrilling air of the forbidden about them.
Not so now, of course. After eight full years of capitalism, Slovak fair-goers are a price-hardened, quality-conscious bunch - and they come back, in annually increasing droves. Many exhibitors see this consumer enthusiasm as a function of the 'novelty factor.' The Slovak market economy is still young enough that consumers are interested in its lower-profile happenings, such as 'dental equipment' exhibitions and 'tools and ironware' fairs.