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Glaciers worldwide decline faster than ever
Author Topic: Glaciers worldwide decline faster than ever (Read 58473 times)
Lennart van der Linde
Zemp et al 2015:
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/pre-prints/content-ings_jog_15j017
"Observations show that glaciers around the world are in retreat and losing mass. Internationally coordinated for over a century, glacier monitoring activities provide an unprecedented dataset of glacier observations from ground, air and space. Glacier studies generally select specific parts of these datasets to obtain optimal assessments of the mass-balance data relating to the impact that glaciers exercise on global sea-level fluctuations or on regional runoff. In this study we provide an overview and analysis of the main observational datasets compiled by the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS). The dataset on glacier front variations (~42 000 since 1600) delivers clear evidence that centennial glacier retreat is a global phenomenon. Intermittent readvance periods at regional and decadal scale are normally restricted to a subsample of glaciers and have not come close to achieving the maximum positions of the Little Ice Age (or Holocene). Glaciological and geodetic observations (~5200 since 1850) show that the rates of early 21st-century mass loss are without precedent on a global scale, at least for the time period observed and probably also for recorded history, as indicated also in reconstructions from written and illustrated documents. This strong imbalance implies that glaciers in many regions will very likely suffer further ice loss, even if climate remains stable."
Re: Glaciers worldwide decline faster than ever
Thanks for posting this Lennart.
"The big melt: we won't recognise our glaciers" (in New Zealand)
http://www.nzherald.co.nz/science/news/article.cfm?c_id=82&objectid=11491426
Article referring to this paper in the NZ context
+ a link to a spectacular time lapse video rom Jan 2014-Jan 2015 showing the 300m retreat of Fox Glacier on NZ's South Island's west coast:
http://www.nzherald.co.nz/science/news/video.cfm?c_id=82&gal_objectid=11491426&gallery_id=153022
As I understand it mountain glaciers aren't large enough to have much effect on ocean level. Those downstream however that rely on glacial melt for water will have big problems.
As coastal dwellers move inland away from rising waters and mountain/valley people move to avoid water shortages, those with a regular water supply that aren't threatened by SLR may have to fight for their traditional lands.
Exciting times ahead.
Sigmetnow
Glaciers in Central Asia Shrinking Fast
Central Asian glaciers have melted at four times the global average since the early 1960s, shedding 27 percent of their mass, according to a recent study.
By 2050, warmer temperatures driven by climate change could wipe out half the remaining glacier ice in the Tien Shan mountain range, reported the study, published in Nature Geoscience.
At stake is a critical source of water for people in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, as well as a section of northwest China.
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2015/08/29/environment/glaciers-central-asia-shrinking-fast-study/
People who say it cannot be done should not interrupt those who are doing it.
Glaciers in Western Canada continue to melt at an alarming rate, with researchers recording a five-and-a-half metre ice surface loss on the Athabasca Glacier in the past year.
http://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/western-canadas-glaciers-losing-ice-at-near-record-rates
Since they found Ice Man Ötzi in 1991 glacial archaeology has become a field of its own with its own scientific journal: http://www.equinoxpub.com/journals/index.php/JGA http://glacierhub.org/2014/12/12/glacier-archaeology-comes-of-age/
This is an incredible opportunity, since the artefacts found on the glaciers are so well-preserved. It might be counter-intuitive, since nobody (except Inuit) lives on the ice. But people walked it, travelling (Ötzi), hunting (Norway, Canada), making sacrifices (Peru).
Problem is, once melted out, organic stuff decomposes quickly. So this is a race against time.
"For every artifact we find, we're losing thousands. And we're never going to be able to replace this data,"
Thus, glacial archeologists find themselves at the start of an unprecedented but ephemeral run of discovery. "Now is the time to organize expeditions," Hafner says. "We have 20—maybe 30—years, and then we will be finished."
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/melting-mummies-are-on-thin-ice-thanks-to-climate-change/
http://sciencenordic.com/items-lost-stone-age-are-found-melting-glaciers
http://www.archaeology.org/issues/105-1309/letter-from/1165-glaciers-ice-patches-norway-global-warming
Erosion by an Alpine glacier
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/350/6257/193.short
Assessing the impact of glaciation on Earth's surface requires understanding glacial erosion processes. Developing erosion theories is challenging because of the complex nature of the erosion processes and the difficulty of examining the ice/bedrock interface of contemporary glaciers. We demonstrate that the glacial erosion rate is proportional to the ice-sliding velocity squared, by quantifying spatial variations in ice-sliding velocity and the erosion rate of a fast-flowing Alpine glacier. The nonlinear behavior implies a high erosion sensitivity to small variations in topographic slope and precipitation. A nonlinear rate law suggests that abrasion may dominate over other erosion processes in fast-flowing glaciers. It may also explain the wide range of observed glacial erosion rates and, in part, the impact of glaciation on mountainous landscapes during the past few million years.
El Niño means glaciers in the Andes are melting at record rates
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2075093-el-nino-means-glaciers-in-the-andes-are-melting-at-record-rates/
Tropical glaciers in the Andes are melting at their fastest rate for 12 years, thanks to the record-breaking El Niño that is warming up the area, according to new data analysed for New Scientist.
This is compounding the already high melting rates from global warming that will consign many glaciers to history within decades.
"The lower-level glaciers in the Andes, below 5500 metres, are really endangered now and probably only have a couple of decades left," says Michael Zemp, director of the World Glacier Monitoring Service in Zurich, Switzerland. The organisation recently found that the first decade of the 21st century saw the greatest decadal loss of glacier ice ever measured, with melting rates two to three times higher than in the 20th century.
Unique record of Earth's past
This glacier loss will lead to water and hydropower shortages, the destruction of unique habitats home to endemic species, as well as the loss of a unique record of Earth's past recorded in layers of ice (see box, below).
Doug Hardy, a climate scientist at the University of Massachusetts, has recorded the lowest snow accumulation in the 12 years he has been monitoring the Quelccaya Ice Cap in Peru (pictured above) – the largest glacier in the tropics. "We're seeing 40 per cent more melting than any other year since measurements started in 2002," he says.
Similarly, the Conejeras glacier in Colombia has lost 43 per cent of its volume over the last two years, according to Jorge Luis Ceballos Liévano and his colleagues from the Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies Institute in Bogotá. More than two-thirds of that loss has taken place since the onset of the current El Niño.
Rising snowline
"2015 was particularly bad for this glacier and if losses persist it is possible that it will be extinct by 2030 or before," says Liévano. "Conejeras is representative of what is happening elsewhere in the Andes."
For example, the once-continuous ice mass along the crest of the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy in Colombia is now a series of broken patches. Measurements show that the snowline has risen above most of the mountain summits now. "In Colombia there is no accumulation of ice and so we anticipate that these glaciers will only have around 20 years
," says Zemp.
The Zongo glacier in Bolivia, whose runoff feeds a hydroelectric power station supplying the capital, La Paz, also appears to be in its death throes.
Some glaciers already extinct
Some glaciers have already melted away. In 2009, the last of the ice disappeared on the 5350-metre-high Chacaltaya glacier in Bolivia – previously the world's highest ski resort (pictured below). Similarly the ice-covered summit of Pico Espejo in Venezuela became bare rock by 2008.
QU001327
Christophe Boisvieux/Corbis
In Bolivia and Peru, which have arid summers, glaciers buffer the water supply and ensure a year-round steady flow. Last year Antoine Rabatel, from the Joseph Fourier University in Grenoble, France, and colleagues showed that during the dry season a quarter of La Paz's water comes from glaciers. "Right now people don't realise the urgency of the situation because the fast melting of the glaciers is providing plenty of water," says Rabatel.
In some locations the nature of things to come is starting to become apparent. Retreat of glaciers in the Quebrada Paron mountains of Peru has reduced water flow into the lake below, which supplies a hydroelectric power plant.
Loss of ecosystems
In 2008, people living downstream in the city of Caraz found themselves short of water for irrigation and decided to take direct action in protest. "They locked access to the touristic high valley of Paron," says Rabatel. This blocked access to the area both to tourists and scientists. "In this case it was more a problem of managing the water resource, but such problems are likely to become more important as water quantity decreases."
And it isn't just people who will be affected. Previous research has found that between 11 and 38 per cent of species could be lost in an area following the disappearance of a glacier. Specialist species such as the meltwater stonefly, whose larvae rely on glacial streams, are likely to start vanishing when half the glacial cover in a region is lost. And slow-growing alpine cushion plants, along with many other species of plant and animal that depend on these mossy pillows, will suffer under increasing temperatures. Even though cushion plants prefer to colonise newly deglaciated land, they will struggle to keep up with the pace of melting. The only bird known to nest on a glacier – the white-winged diuca finch (Diuca speculifera) – may have to keep moving higher to build its nests, until eventually it will run out of places to go.
Race to capture the soul of dying glaciers
Several teams of glaciologists are rushing to drill into remaining glaciers to preserve a sample called an ice core, and with it record of our planet's past.
"Some of these glaciers contain 20,000 years' worth of atmospheric data and right now melting is wiping this record out," says Antoine Rabatel from the Joseph Fourier University in Grenoble, France.
"We need to preserve these cores now, so that scientists of the future can still extract this information," says his colleague Patrick Ginot, who is leading a UNESCO-supported project - Saving Ice in Danger - to collect and store glacial ice cores at the Concordia Research Station in Antarctica.
Lonnie Thompson, from the Ohio State University, and his team have been hauling their specialist solar-powered drilling rigs up to some of the most inaccessible places in the world since 1983. Just last month they returned with ice cores from the Guliya ice cap in north-west Tibet, which they then store in a specialist unit at the university.
"This freezer facility is the only place that the ice from some of these glaciers still exists," says Thompson. These glacial ghosts include lost ice fields on Mount Kilimanjaro in East Africa and those from the rapidly melting Northwall Firn glacier on the slopes of Puncak Jaya in Indonesia.
Much of our understanding of global climate is based on the high-resolution record of past atmosphere that only ice cores can provide.
The cores from the Quelccaya Ice Cap in Peru, for example, show the medieval warm period when the Vikings settled in Greenland. "You can see the onset of the Little Ice Age in the early 1500s that contributed to the demise of the Vikings," says Thompson. "And you can see the warming in the 20th century."
"We hope soon to be able to reconstruct the evolution of things like bacteria and viruses through time by using the ice archive," says Thompson.
Xinjiang Region of China Bans Glacier Tourism, Citing Risk to Ecosystem
BEIJING — Glaciologists in China and elsewhere have said for years that climate change is the main cause of glacier erosion, which threatens the water sources of much of humanity.
Officials in the far northwestern Chinese region of Xinjiang now say another factor is putting the fragile glaciers at risk: tourism.
The Xinjiang government announced this month that it was banning tourism on glaciers across the region, which is one-sixth of the Chinese land mass. Many glaciers are found in Xinjiang, and in the Tianshan range in particular, which runs east-west through the middle of the vast region.
Officials want to ensure that tourists observe the glaciers from a distance, not atop the glaciers themselves, according to a report published on Thursday by Xinhua, the state news agency.
The report said that "global warming, grazing, mining and tourism have accelerated destruction of the glaciers, and led to water shortages in several areas."
It quoted Chen Xi of the Chinese Academy of Sciences as saying that glaciers in the Tianshan range have receded 15 to 30 percent in the last three decades.
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/17/world/asia/china-xinjiang-glacier-tourism.html
Witness the collapse of the Perito Moreno Glacier in Argentina's Los Glaciares National Park.
https://twitter.com/weatherchannel/status/708812675531157509
abbottisgone
"...I'm a rock'n'roll star,...... YES I ARE!!!!!!"
Quote from: TerryM on August 05, 2015, 02:50:27 AM
It is more that it is an indicator of Climate Change.
But I left school and grew my hair
They didn't understand
They wanted me to be respected as
A doctor or a lawyer man
But I had other plans..........
DoomInTheUK
The estimates I've seen are around 1 meter of sea level rise from all the land based glaciers, and about the same agian from thermal expansion.
So not a lot in comparison to Greenland and Antarctica, but still enough to count.
Xulonn
Although mountain glaciers are not that important with respect to SLR, they have their own set of serious consequences coming for human civilization. I don't think that many people - even those who accept the reality of rapid AGW/CC - realize the dire implications of mountain glacier melt and average snowpack reduction as in California's Sierra Nevada mountains.
I have not found a paper or study with a detailed analysis of world-wide human dependency on these water sources and the implications of the dynamics of the involved hydrology trends. However, a post at the the Seametrics blog (http://www.seametrics.com/blog/climate-change/),although without citation, states that:
"More than one-sixth of the world population relies on glaciers and seasonal snow packs for water resources."
That's more than one billion people!
The origin and primary flow of water for many South American and Asian rivers depends on Andes and Himalayan glaciers respectively, although countries in the lower elevation rain-forest regions of some watersheds can be lightly to heavily supplemented by monsoonal and other tropical rainfall patterns.
In a warming world, river flow in some regions will likely increase as glacial melt increases, but eventually decrease as glaciers shrink - lose volume - past a certain point. The temporary increase will encourage population growth and development, but then slam the affected areas later with water shortages. Coupled with "water grabs" via new dams on rivers such as the Mekong, permanent and irreversible flow reductions may already be happening, especially in places such as in China, Pakistan, India, and SE Asia.
With a significant increase in atmospheric moisture content capacity with each degree rise in average global temps (7%?), and a likely shift to more frequent heavy regional precipitation events alternating with droughts that are likely to be severe and extended, we may be on the threshold of some serious civilization-impacting weather events and short-term climate changes.
Although SLR will be easy for everyone to see as it kicks into high gear, the quantification of glacier melt on river flows, coupled with the impacts of weather patterns and drought cycles, will be much more difficult to quantify and assign attribution.
Quote from: DoomInTheUK on April 26, 2016, 11:38:28 AM
Glaciers act as indicators of climate change: before sea level rise will be global panic in more than the economy. Where are the Syrians going to run once the Europeans realise the situation in the deserts of the world is being taken advantage of...?
Eventually the penny drops once the forecasters come to agree that too many indicators line up to tell only one story. Then people rush to secure their food and drink and everything else supplies. It's geo-politics!!
The linked article is entitled: "Melting Glaciers Are Wreaking Havoc on Earth's Crust":
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/melting-glaciers-are-wreaking-havoc-earths-crust-180960226/?no-ist
Great article ASLR.
The linked reference (& associated article) provide statistical evidence gather from 37 mountain glaciers for the past approximately 100-years indicating that climate change is real:
Gerard H. Roe, Marcia B. Baker & Florian Herla (2016), "Centennial glacier retreat as categorical evidence of regional climate change", Nature Geoscience, doi:10.1038/ngeo2863
http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo2863.html
Abstract: "The near-global retreat of glaciers over the last century provides some of the most iconic imagery for communicating the reality of anthropogenic climate change to the public. Surprisingly, however, there has not been a quantitative foundation for attributing the retreats to climate change, except in the global aggregate. This gap, between public perception and scientific basis, is due to uncertainties in numerical modelling and the short length of glacier mass-balance records. Here we present a method for assessing individual glacier change based on the signal-to-noise ratio, a robust metric that is insensitive to uncertainties in glacier dynamics. Using only meteorological and glacier observations, and the characteristic decadal response time of glaciers, we demonstrate that observed retreats of individual glaciers represent some of the highest signal-to-noise ratios of climate change yet documented. Therefore, in many places, the centennial-scale retreat of the local glaciers does indeed constitute categorical evidence of climate change."
See also the following article entitled: "Mountain glaciers are showing some of the strongest responses to climate change".
http://phys.org/news/2016-12-mountain-glaciers-strongest-responses-climate.html
Extract: "Overall, the results show that changes in the 37 glaciers' lengths are between two and 15 standard deviations away from their statistical means. That represents some of the highest signal-to-noise ratios yet documented in natural systems' response to climate change.
"Even though the scientific analysis arguably hasn't always been there, it now turns out that it really is true—we can look at these glaciers all around us that we see retreating, and see definitive evidence that the climate is changing," Roe said. "That's why people have noticed it. These glaciers are stunningly far away from where they would have been in a preindustrial climate." "
skanky
Mapping glacier speeds:
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=89261&eocn=home&eoci=iotd_title
The Glaciers are Going
http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2017/05/05/the-glaciers-are-going/
As can be seen above, the Waggonwaybreen glacier in Svalbard, Norway, has retreated substantially since 1900. Svalbard's glaciers are not only retreating, they are also losing about two feet of their thickness each year. Glaciers around the world have retreated at unprecedented rates and some have disappeared altogether. The melting of glaciers will affect people around the world, their drinking water supplies, water needed to grow food and supply energy, as well as global sea levels.
US Glacier national park losing its glaciers with just 26 of 150 left
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/may/11/us-glacier-national-park-is-losing-its-glaciers-with-just-26-of-150-left
Warming temperatures have rapidly reduced the size of 39 named glaciers in Montana since 1966, according to comparisons released by the US Geological Survey (USGS) and Portland State University. Some have lost as much as 85% of their expanse over the past 50 years, with Glacier national park, site of 37 of the surveyed glaciers, set to lose all of its eponymous ice formations within the next few decades. Of the 150 glaciers that existed in the park in the late 19th century, only 26 remain.
RoxTheGeologist
https://weather.com/science/environment/news/climate-central-glacier-national-park-montana-melt
An interesting read on Glacier National Park.
Glacier National Park is overcrowded. Thanks, climate change.
A record-breaking 1 million people visited Glacier in July, up 23 percent from last year. Park officials are stuck dealing with overcrowded parking lots, more medical emergencies, and a shortage of open campsites.
While the number of visitors has fluctuated in past decades, it's been on the rise over the past five years. Some attribute the park's popularity to low gas prices (perfect for road trips!) and all the envy-inducing photos making their way to Instagram, while others blame our old pal climate change: All but 26 of the 150 glaciers that existed in Glacier National Park in the late 1800s have melted away, and scientists say it's "inevitable" we'll lose the rest. Such predictions have prompted a wave of "doomsday tourists" who want to catch a glimpse of climate change in action.
"People tell us they want to see glaciers before they're gone," Pamela Smith, a Glacier campground volunteer, told the Missoulian. "They have come here to see the impacts of climate change for themselves."
http://grist.org/briefly/glacier-national-park-is-overcrowded-thanks-climate-change/
China has restricted tourism, and shut down industrial plants trying to save these glaciers. Good story, though could easily be posted in Places becoming less livable thread.
http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2017/10/21/554271726/impossible-to-save-scientists-are-watching-chinas-glaciers-disappear
Karez, the name for the underground channels bringing glacial water to dry regions is a new word to me. Reminiscent of the ancient qanat from Libya that inspired Qaddafi to build the Great Man-Made River that brought water to so many. It's recent destruction wasn't an accident.
A few posts up is a piece about the tourist uptick at Glacier National Park, strange how different governments respond to similar stimuli.
https://www.carbonbrief.org/global-warming-to-date-could-obliterate-third-glacier-ice
N.B. The study excludes the "baked-in" melt of the Greenland and Antarctic ice-sheets.
Global warming to date could 'obliterate' a third of glacier ice
The warming the world has already experienced could be enough to melt more than a third of the world's glaciers outside Antarctica and Greenland – regardless of current efforts to reduce emissions.
Of course, it is impossible that global temperatures would just stop rising overnight. Therefore, the researchers looked at the different rates of glacier melt, according to scenarios of how quickly CO2 emissions are reduced over the course of this century.
You can see these scenarios in the charts below, which show projections for global temperature rise (upper chart), rate of glacier change (middle) and total glacier mass (lower). The different colour lines indicate four future greenhouse gas scenarios known as "Representative Concentration Pathways" – and two extra scenarios that specifically represent the 1.5C and 2C long-term temperature goals of the Paris Agreement.
Glacial Melt.png (284.41 kB, 650x699 - viewed 2756 times.)
Well worth a read.
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/apr/18/glacier-loss-is-accelerating-because-of-global-warming
+ Links to :-
world glacier monitoring service (http://wgms.ch/) and the report:-
http://wgms.ch/latest-glacier-mass-balance-data/
But that is not all:- Guardian article also links to:-
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2017JD027539?referrer_access_token=qnIinv_kzq0W9zfebzS-sk4keas67K9QMdWULTWMo8O4PZcJK-h8pDGMGxmLWPhbGyqPG0GCkA6-uyR6lkkdfj7kQ1D6vIizytNqgv26T3Ma7rrUFBeohpyP-iIhuvz4
Plain Language Summary
Warming in mountainous areas affects glacier melt, water resources,and fragile ecosystems, yet we know relatively little about climate change in alpine areas, especially a thigh latitudes. We use ice cores drilled on Mt. Hunter, in Denali National Park, to develop a record of summer temperatures in Alaska that extends 400 years into the past, farther than any other mountain record in the North Pacific region. The ice core record shows that 60 times more snow melt occurs today than 150 years ago. This corresponds to roughly a 2°C increase in summer temperature, which is faster than summertime warming in Alaska near sea level. We suggest that warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean has contributed to the rapid warming on Mt. Hunter by enhancing high-pressure systems over Alaska. Our ice core record indicates that alpine regions surrounding the North Pacific may continue to experience accelerated warming with climate change, threatening the already imperilled glaciers in this area
Glaciers Mass Loss.png (68.56 kB, 650x448 - viewed 2580 times.)
Glaciers Mass Loss 2.png (62.05 kB, 683x447 - viewed 2544 times.)
At some point the glacier mass loss will drop. Unfortunately that comes about because the total glacier volume has decreased to a small number. Do you know of any site that is trying to track alpine glacier volume?
EarthObservatory is a terrific collection of satellite images; I've been wanting to put this somewhere so here goes. But there is lots else there. I found it here: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Topic/ImageoftheDay but suspect that's not specific enough: I chose topic Snow and Ice and More
Here's the particular one I've been wanting to share: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/92325/losing-ice-in-svalbard Losing Ice in Svalbard, dated 25 June. I've copied it here, but the link is better because it provides a dandy little image comparison, and source material, as well as leading to other interesting content.
Mauri Pelto, an environmental scientist at Nichols College, has a go-to analogy for describing what a glacier needs to survive. "People need to consume the same number of calories as they expend to stay alive," he said. Similarly, glaciers needs to accumulate at least as much snow and ice as they lose. "For glaciers, they need more than 50 percent of their area in the accumulation zone, which is the upper part of a glacier where snow persists year round."
The mass a mountain glacier loses to evaporation, melting, or iceberg calving in the ablation zone cannot surpass the mass it adds near the top. Any imbalance causes glaciers to shrink over time, growing thinner, covering less area, and seeing their lowest edge (terminus) draw back toward the accumulation zone—a process scientists describe as retreat.
While other satellite sensors are needed to measure the thickness of glaciers, the natural- and infrared light imagers on the Landsat satellites excel at monitoring changes in glacial extent, snow lines and the positions of termini. Pelto has analyzed several decades of Landsat imagery for glaciers around the world and describes many of them on his blog From a Glacier's Perspective.
One area Pelto has focused on is the Hornsund Fjord region in Svalbard, a remote Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. The shallow fjord nearly divides the large island of Spitsbergen into two separate islands. Fourteen tidewater glaciers flow into the fjord, and all of them have retreated substantially during the past three decades. The Thematic Mapper (TM) on Landsat 5 captured a image (top) of Hornsund Fjord on August 20, 1990. The second image shows the same area on August 19, 2017, as observed by the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8.
Many of the glaciers have seen their termini retreat by several kilometers. One of the largest and fastest changing was Storbreen. "In Storbreen's case, in 1990, 2013, and 2015, the snow line left only 20 percent of the glacier in the accumulation zone," explained Pelto. "This cannot sustain the other 80 percent. Storbreen will continue to lose mass until this equation balances or the glacier is lost."
Since the water where Storbreen terminates is quite shallow, Pelto is confident that the glacier is retreating because rising air temperatures are driving the snow line higher up the glacier. In 1990, the snow line sat at an elevation of 400 meters. In 2013, 2014 and 2015, it has averaged about 500 meters. The center of Storbreen's terminus has retreated nearly 6 kilometers (4 miles).
"The European mountain cryosphere: a review of its current state, trends, and future challenges"
Martin Beniston et al , 2018
https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:103006/ATTACHMENT01
"The mountain cryosphere of mainland Europe is
recognized to have important impacts on a range of environmental
processes. In this paper, we provide an overview on
the current knowledge on snow, glacier, and permafrost processes,
as well as their past, current, and future evolution.
We additionally provide an assessment of current cryosphere
research in Europe and point to the different domains requiring
further research. Emphasis is given to our understanding
of climate–cryosphere interactions, cryosphere controls
on physical and biological mountain systems, and related
impacts. By the end of the century, Europe's mountain
cryosphere will have changed to an extent that will impact the
landscape, the hydrological regimes, the water resources, and
the infrastructure. The impacts will not remain confined to
the mountain area but also affect the downstream lowlands,
entailing a wide range of socioeconomical consequences. European
mountains will have a completely different visual appearance,
in which low- and mid-range-altitude glaciers will
have disappeared and even large valley glaciers will have experienced
significant retreat and mass loss. Due to increased
air temperatures and related shifts from solid to liquid precipitation,
seasonal snow lines will be found at much higher
altitudes, and the snow season will be much shorter than today.
These changes in snow and ice melt will cause a shift
in the timing of discharge maxima, as well as a transition of
runoff regimes from glacial to nival and from nival to pluvial.
This will entail significant impacts on the seasonality of
high-altitude water availability, with consequences for water
storage and management in reservoirs for drinking water,
irrigation, and hydropower production. Whereas an upward
shift of the tree line and expansion of vegetation can
be expected into current periglacial areas, the disappearance
of permafrost at lower altitudes and its warming at higher
elevations will likely result in mass movements and process
chains beyond historical experience. Future cryospheric research
has the responsibility not only to foster awareness of
these expected changes and to develop targeted strategies to
precisely quantify their magnitude and rate of occurrence but
also to help in the development of approaches to adapt to
these changes and to mitigate their consequences. Major joint
efforts are required in the domain of cryospheric monitoring,
which will require coordination in terms of data availability
and quality. In particular, we recognize the quantification
of high-altitude precipitation as a key source of uncertainty
in projections of future changes. Improvements in numerical
modeling and a better understanding of process chains affecting
high-altitude mass movements are the two further fields
that – in our view – future cryospheric research should focus
on."
extract from the conclusion:
"Within a few decades, these impacts will have a bearing on ecosystems and
the services provided by them and on a number of economic
sectors, including hydropower, agriculture, and tourism. The
management of natural hazards will equally be affected, and
a need for adaptation to climate change will arise.
Why do they always say "by the end of the century" when it is happening now and will get worse a long time before then?
Quote from: gerontocrat on August 02, 2018, 09:44:20 PM
This was written by 25 scientists from 19 research institutions and 7 countries in Europe, therefore I presume this paper is a common ground between realistic scientists and conservative scientists/ institution. But surely climate change and environmental damage is already impacted the Alpes, and Scandinavian mountains right now.
Something astonishing mentioned in the article:
"In Switzerland, ski slope areas employing artificial snowmaking
equipment have tripled (from 10 to 33 %) from 2000
to 2010 (Pütz et al., 2011). In the French Alps, 32%of the ski
slope area was equipped with snow-making facilities in 2014,
and this proportion is likely to reach 43% by 2020 (Spandre
et al., 2015). In Austria, this share is about 60 %, mainly due
to the lower average elevations of the Austrian ski areas, and
in the Italian Alps almost 100% of the ski areas are equipped
(Rixen et al., 2011)."
Anyway, qs temperature continues to increase, artificial snow will be useless in most areas as it requires below freezing temperatures for several days for artificial snow to efficiently cover the slope. A glimpse of it happened in December 2015 when average temperature over part of the Alps were more than 4°C above average…
Below the glaciers surface mass balance dropping to rock bottom especially in the Alps (2015 and 2017 are not on the charts, they were disastrous years, close to 2003, 2018 should not be as bad as there was record snow height - more than 4 meters at 3000 meters in the French Alps-, but the melting season started from mid April -extremely early- with a slight pause mid May, meaning that the 4 meters have melted away by now, and some glaciers -not all- as the one at Les Deux Alpes (summer ski) already seem in poor state)
Second chart below is the snow height at Bellecote at 3000 meters (a small galcier at the top of La Plagne ski resort, source: meteofrance.com)
http://m.webcam-hd.com/2alpes/2alpes_restaurant-les-glaciers
Alpines and Scandinavian glaciers SMB and length.png (130.71 kB, 639x501 - viewed 2342 times.)
snow height at Bellecote 3000 meters (top of La Plagne ski resort).png (31.11 kB, 551x223 - viewed 2346 times.)
« Last Edit: August 03, 2018, 01:55:07 PM by bluesky »
litesong
..... few posts up is a piece about the tourist uptick at Glacier National Park, strange how different governments respond to similar stimuli.
Oh!!! The fed gov't determines tourist destination numbers? Is that a "don't rump" policy?
Quote from: bluesky on August 03, 2018, 01:49:49 PM
qs temperature continues to increase, artificial snow will be useless in most areas as it requires below freezing temperatures for several days for artificial snow to efficiently cover the slope.
You.... you... you mean they won't be able to keep the "kiddy hill" in snow? Does that mean the hiking season will by 12 months a year....... 'cept during forest fires?
Tor Bejnar
Villagers 'Living Between Life and Death' as Pakistan's Glaciers Melt August 8, 2018 Floodlist.com
BADSWAT, Pakistan, Aug 6 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) – When a glacial lake burst in Pakistan's northern Gilgit-Baltistan province in July, Sher Baz watched helplessly as the waters swept away his family home.
Pakistan has more glaciers than any other country outside the polar region – more than 7,200 in the Karakoram, Himalayan and Hindu Kush ranges, according to the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD).
They feed the Indus River system, the country's water lifeline. But data gathered over the last 50 years shows that all but about 120 of the glaciers exhibit signs of melting, due to rising temperatures, meteorological officials said.
As the glaciers retreat, they leave behind lakes supported by ice dams or accumulations of rock and soil. Inherently unstable, these dams often burst, sending huge volumes of water rushing into the villages below them.
Arctic ice is healthy for children and other living things.
Alpine Glacier-BAMS State of the Climate 2017
August 2018 - From a Glacier's Perspective - AGU Blogosphere
Not as bad as 2003, but the trend is clear. Article has regional details and several references to recent publications, including this gem: "Huss and Hock (2018) indicate that approximately half of 56 glaciated watersheds globally have already passed peak glacier runoff."
[image changed to PNG]
global-glacier-mass-balance-2017.png (246.63 kB, 908x661 - viewed 547 times.)
An icecap in Russia has accelerated hugely due to bed turning slippery:
" where rates of motion accelerated to 9125 ± 354 m/y ..."
"These results show that up until 2013 the glacier was strongly supported by the bed. By 2015, the bed can no longer support the driving stresses, which are predominantly supported by longitudinal stress gradients and lateral drag. An extraordinary transition from a high friction bed to a near frictionless bed has taken place over just two years."
"There is, however, a general acceptance that ice caps in the polar regions will only respond slowly to a warming climate and changes in boundary conditions. Our observations indicate this assumption should be questioned, especially when glaciers can advance over low friction sediments. We show polar glaciers that have bed elevations above sea level can rapidly collapse."
I shudder to think of something like Thwaites doing this.
doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2018.08.049
https://phys.org/news/2018-09-unprecedented-ice-loss-russian-cap.html
Richard Rathbone
This is the sort of acceleration that would result in a 1m/decade sea level rise if repeated everywhere that is losing ice at the moment.
Presumably IceSat2 will be able to produce data for a relief map for every glacier on the planet?
https://insideclimatenews.org/news/26092018/climate-change-mountains-landslide-hazard-thawing-permafrost-rockfall-extreme-weather-glaciers-global-warming
Mountains destabilize & are collapsing for several reasons: 1) mountainous regions are warming faster than general AGW warming, 2) increasing underlying "permafrost" thaws are no longer able to resist the downslope force of gravity. Quoted in the article, "....global warming is dissolving the glue that holds mountains together", 3) increases in warm rainfall cause great leaps in de-stabilized mountain slopes. "A 633-foot-high wave that surged down a remote fjord in Alaska in 2015 was caused by 180 million tons of rock falling into the water. The massive quantities of unstable loose rock had been exposed as the Tyndall Glacier retreated over the past 50 years."
In which part of Russia (probably on one of its Arctic Sea islands ?) is this Vavilov glacier/ice cap located?
It is too late just to be concerned about Climate Change
N. American glacier mass waste increases fourfold in ten years:
"We observe a fourfold increase in mass loss rates between 2000–2009 [ 2.9 ± 3.1 Gt yr 1 ] and 2009–2018 [ 12.3 ± 4.6 Gt yr 1 ]"
Thats a doubling period of about 9 yr.
Caveats:
"Our estimated rate of WNA mass change for the early period ( 2.9 ± 3.1 Gt/yr ) is considerably less negative than the rate ( 14 ± 3 Gt/yr) previously reported for the period 2003–2009 (Gardner et al., 2013)."
"Using available SMB measurements for 14 glaciers in WNA (supporting information S1), we calculate an average mass change of 874 ± 100 kg m^2/yr over the period 2000–2017. When multiplied by the total glacierized area of WNA, this value yields an annual mass loss of 13.6 ± 4.3 Gt/yr , close to the value (14 ± 3 Gt/yr ) calculated by Gardner et al. (2013) using a similar approach. These values are twice as large as those based on our trend analysis. This discrepancy suggests that glaciers chosen for long-term monitoring programs are losing mass more rapidly than the region as a whole."
Open access, read all about it: Menunos et al doi:10.1029/2018GL080942 . Pelto is an author as might be suspected.
Klondike Kat
Quote from: sidd on January 22, 2019, 10:24:14 PM
Can you comment on that caveat, because it appears that there is no change between the two time periods, using the rates calculated by Gardner, et. al.
Quote from: Klondike Kat on January 22, 2019, 10:35:25 PM
It seems Gardner used less accurate methods than those available now.
A global assessment of glacier mass change by Gardner et al. (2013) included an estimate of WNA glacier mass loss of 14 ± 3 Gt yr−1 for the period 2003–2009 based on the extrapolation of sparse in situ surface mass balance (SMB) measurements (Cogley, 2009). Other approaches to estimate glacier mass change, such as satellite laser altimetry and satellite gravimetry employed by Gardner et al. (2013) for other glacierized regions, have so far proven unsuccessful for WNA due to sparse repeat‐track spacing at lower latitudes and challenges associated with deconvolving competing mass change signals (groundwater, seasonal snow, reservoir volumes and glacio‐isostatic adjustment). Such methods perform particularly poorly for lower‐latitude mountain ranges with disperse glacier coverage, such as those that characterize WNA (Gardner et al., 2013; Jacob et al., 2012).
Repeat mapping of surface elevation through stereophotogrammetry provides an additional approach to measure glacier thickness change on a regional scale that can circumvent spatial and temporal biases imposed by using SMB observations to estimate regional mass change. Geodetic surveys exist for many glacierized regions of WNA (e.g., Basagic & Fountain, 2011; Schiefer et al., 2007), but no study samples all of these regions in a systematic fashion. Novel methods to infer elevation change from medium resolution satellite imagery (Brun et al., 2017) coupled with automated processing of both medium and very high resolution optical satellite imagery (Noh & Howat, 2017; Shean et al., 2016) provide new opportunities to improve global estimates of glacier mass change.
The primary motivation of our paper is to provide the first, regionally complete estimate of glacier mass change for WNA for the period 2000–2018. We then use these data to (i) quantify the contribution of WNA glaciers to sea level rise over the last 18 years, (ii) determine the reliability and representativeness of existing WNA in situ SMB records, and (iii) assess the climatic drivers that affect mass change at the subregional scale.
Are comparable values available for the 1990s or even the 1980s?
If the acceleration were constant through the last 40 years, the mass los rate should have been around 0.7 Gt/y in the 90s and around 0.17 Gt/y in the 80s.
Glacial Ice Volume Calculated Anew
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-02/ez-ivc021219.php
Researchers have provided a new estimate for the glacier ice volume all around the world, excluding the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Their conclusion: previous calculations overestimated the volume of the glaciers in High Mountain Asia.
Led by ETH Zurich and the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, an international team of glaciologists used a combination of different numerical models to calculate the ice thickness distribution and the ice volume of some 215,000 glaciers around the world. The researchers excluded sea ice and glaciers that are connected to the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets from their calculations.
According to the study, the combined ice volume of all considered glaciers currently amounts to some 158,000 cubic kilometres (km3). The last available estimate - dating a few years ago - was around 18 percent higher. The largest glacier ice masses (some 75,000 km3) are found in the Arctic and account for almost half of the global glacier ice volume. They include glaciers in both the Canadian and the Russian Arctic - such as those found on Baffin Island and the Novaya Zemlya archipelago - as well as glaciers along the Greenland coast and the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen.
... "In light of these new calculations, we have to assume that glaciers in High Mountain Asia might disappear more quickly than we thought so far," says Daniel Farinotti, Professor of Glaciology at the Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW) at ETH Zurich and at the WSL.
Previously, researchers had estimated that the area covered by glaciers in this region would halve by the 2070s.This is now expected to happen in the 2060s - with perceptible consequences for local water supplies. The glaciers of High Asia, in fact, feed into large rivers, including the Indus, the Tarim and rivers feeding into the Aral Sea. Hundreds of millions of people depend on them.
For the above regions and depending on the model, researchers expect summer meltwater volumes to be as much as 24 percent lower by the end of the century as they are today. "This difference is unsettling.
A consensus estimate for the ice thickness distribution of all glaciers on Earth
bligh8
Receding Chilean glacier a sign of accelerating climate change
"In the space of just two weeks, two large icebergs broke off the Grey Glacier in Chilean Patagonia—a sign of accelerating climate change, experts say.
The Grey Glacier is one of the main sights in the Torres del Paine national park popular with tourists and hikers.
A giant iceberg the size of six football pitches—8.8 hectares (22 acres)—broke away from the glacier on February 20 and another six hectare piece detached on March 7.
It marks the first time two icebergs of such great size have broken off in such quick succession.
The 270 square kilometer (104 square mile) glacier receded by 500 meters (550 yards), more than half the amount lost over the previous decade.
A smaller iceberg detached in 2017 but Ricardo Jana, a scientist at the Chilean Antarctic Institute, said "the loss of mass over the previous years was definitely smaller than this year."
Scientists following the glacier's evolution say it lost around two kilometers in the last 30 years.
A United Nations study in 2018 found that 95 percent of Chile's 24,100 glaciers had receded.
Scientists say that unusually warm summer temperatures—up to 31 degrees Celsius in Patagonia—and high rainfall weakened the glacier's walls.
"The receding of the glaciers coincides with the increased temperatures that we've noticed in the region," said Inti Gonzalez, a glaciologist at the Cequa Foundation that studies geology in Patagonia and the Antarctic.
Higher rainfall also accelerates the glacier melt while raising the level of the eponymous lake where the glacier is found.
Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2019-03-receding-chilean-glacier-climate.html#jCp
BBUQerV.jpg (50.48 kB, 799x532 - viewed 80 times.)
This is not big by Grey standards. In 2017, a chunk measuring over 13 hectares broke off. This glacier may be returning to the time of glacial recession and large iceberg calving of the 1990s, when the glacier was losing mass and receding. Since 2000, the Grey glacier has experienced a net mass balance gain, with no large calvings.
Mount Everest: Melting Glaciers Expose Dead Bodies
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-47638436
Expedition operators are concerned at the number of climbers' bodies that are becoming exposed on Mount Everest as its glaciers melt.
Nearly 300 mountaineers have died on the peak since the first ascent attempt and two-thirds of bodies are thought still to be buried in the snow and ice.
"Because of global warming, the ice sheet and glaciers are fast melting and the dead bodies that remained buried all these years are now becoming exposed," said Ang Tshering Sherpa, former president of Nepal Mountaineering Association.
Green Boots


text:
Q: Having sql error whenever i submit my form I am trying to grab the data from mySQL database and store into my arrayList. However, whenever i run this set of code, i got this error

You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'displayname LIKE '%A%'' at line 1

However, I am not using any keyword, I included single quote for the wild card operator. Where have I done wrong or left out in the sql statement?
String sql = "SELECT * FROM azq.registration WHERE userId NOT IN (SELECT friendId FROM azq.friendlist WHERE userId ="
                        + session.getAttribute("userId")
                        + ") AND userId !="
                        + session.getAttribute("userId")
                        + "AND displayname LIKE '%" + searchText + "%'";
                // create the java statement
                Statement st = conn.createStatement();

                // execute the query, and get a java resultset
                ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(sql);

                // iterate through the java resultset
                while (rs.next()) {
                    Friends newList = new Friends();
                    newList.setFirstName(rs.getString("firstName"));
                    newList.setLastName(rs.getString("lastName"));
                    newList.setUserId(rs.getString("userId"));
                    newList.setDisplayname(rs.getString("displayname"));

                    resultList.add(newList);
                }
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

A: You have to add a blank before AND:
                + session.getAttribute("userId")
                    + " AND displayname LIKE '%" + searchText + "%'";

A: You forgot a space:
                    + ") AND userId !="
                    + session.getAttribute("userId")
                    + "AND displayname LIKE '%" + searchText + "%'";
                       ^---here

so you're generating
... userID != fooAND displayname

If you'd look at the sql you generated, you'd have seen this.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Located on main street in Palo Alto. Environmentally friendly methods for dry cleaning. Alterations and repair service. Open 6 days a week with 24 hour drop-off service. Established business with steady income. Can increase sales by adding more accounts. Very clean store with newer equipment. Owner will provide training.


Pesticide use is widespread in agriculture throughout the world, raising serious questions about the dangers theses substances pose to human health and the environment . Pesticides are substances intended to prevent, destroy, or repel injurious plants or animals. The term is frequently defined more broadly to include insecticides, herbicides (used to inhibit the growth and reproduction of certain plants), and fungicides (used to inhibit the growth of molds, mildews, and yeasts).
The main argument for pesticides use is an economic one. Pesticides can protect crops against sudden pest outbreaks and allow increased production, and they can ensure the production of more attractive fruits and vegetables. By delaying the rotting of produce, pesticides permit longer shipping times and extend the shelf life of fresh produce.
The dangers of pesticide use can be difficult to pinpoint, since exposure may be small but cumulative. Prolonged pesticide exposure in humans may negatively affect the nervous, reproductive, and immune systems and also raises the possibility of increased risk of some cancers. Their use also leads to the development of pesticide-resistant bugs, creating a need for newer and more powerful pesticides.
SEE ALSO Food Safety ; Organic Foods ; Regulatory Agencies .
Wardlaw, Gordon; Hampl, Jeffrey; and DiSilvestro, Robert (2004). Perspectives in Nutrition. New York: McGraw-Hill.


text:
Don Van Vliet
Don Van Vliet was an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and visual artist best known by the stage name Captain Beef heart. His musical work was conducted with a rotating ensemble of musicians called the Magic Band (1964–1982), with whom he recorded 13 studio albums.
His music integrated elements of Delta blues, free jazz, rock, the avant-garde, and contemporary experimental composition with his surrealist wordplay, powerful singing voice, and wide vocal range. Beef heart was also known for often constructing myths about his life and for exercising an almost dictatorial control over his supporting musicians.
"I don't even know what sound is, much less what it's for. It isn't to make money that's for sure. I've never made any."
― Don Van Vliet
Topic(s): Money
"I live in a Mobile Home – I've never had a house, except once; I rented a log cabin."
Topic(s): Home
"When I see a dolphin, I know it's just as smart as I am."
Topic(s): Intelligence
"But I have been in some very beautiful churches, then I've looked outside and seen people starving to death."
Topic(s): Death
"Johnny Rotten. He's a big fan of mine. I used to see him out in the audience in England and he'd stand up and holler. He's funny. Smart too, and a nice guy. Don't think he's a jerk because he isn't."
Topic(s): Funny
"I would never kill a living thing, although I probably have inadvertently while driving automobiles."
"I just invent, then wait until man comes around to needing what I've invented." ― R. Buckminster Fuller
"Now an infinite happiness cannot be purchased by any price less than that which is infinite in value; and infinity of merit can only result from a nature that is infinitely divine or perfect." ― Adam Clarke
"I went to a Catholic high school and it seemed like every time I drew something for a class project, it either got thrown away by the teacher or something." ― Mike Judge
"I am prejudiced in favor of him who, without impudence, can ask boldly. He has faith in humanity, and faith in himself. No one who is not accustomed to giving grandly can ask nobly and with boldness." ― Johann Kaspar Lavater
"I kept thinking, 'Somebody has to make a food show that is actually educational and entertaining at the same time… a show that got down to the 'why things happen.' Plus, I hated my job – I didn't think it was very worthwhile." ― Alton Brown

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Wash the dal and soak atleast 3 hours.
Wash, peel and cut pumpkin into pieces.
Place the dal, pumpkin, turmeric and four cups of water; pressure cook till the dal is tender.
Heat the oil in pan, add chopped onions, ginger garlic paste and cook till onions are brow.
Add dal mixture, salt, chilli powder and mix well.


text:
Q: NG-Grid make full screen We are using angular ng-grid as we require the sorting, etc functionality,
However,  we would like it to be full screen, ie to use the browser scroll if off the screen etc.
But basically 100% width, and height to match the number of rows.
We are only returning around max 50 items, so its never going to be massive amounts of data to display.
We can't seem to find anything regarding this.

A: You could try this:
.ngViewport.ng-scope{
    height: auto !important;
    overflow-y: hidden;
}

.ngTopPanel.ng-scope, .ngHeaderContainer{
    width: auto !important;
}

Quick Plunker here.
Note: This is not my solution, but a solution mentioned by eithankw as a response on a ng-grid issue here.


text:
2017 Mosquito-Borne Disease Year in Review
In Mosquito-Borne Diseases, Public Education
In 2017, the scientific community, the public, and the press maintained their interest in the Zika virus outbreak of 2016. Articles surfaced on the potential long-term health complications attributed to contracting the virus. The public received extra education on personal protective measures to reduce the spread of Zika. And the scientific community reviewed trusted and experimental methods to prevent future outbreaks. In addition to Mother Nature bringing new mosquito-related problems to Texas and Florida last year, in the floodwaters left by Hurricanes Harvey and Irma, both states reported the only locally-acquired U.S. cases of Zika virus for the second year in a row.
There were several mosquito-borne diseases reported in the United States in 2017. In this blog, we will focus on: West Nile Virus (WNV), Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), and Zika. WNV remains the most common virus transmitted by mosquitoes to humans in the U.S. as well as responsible for taking the highest number of human lives.
All of the data points in this post were obtained from the Center for Disease Control (CDC)'s website as of 02/13/2018.
West Nile Virus (WNV)
47 out of 50 states and the District of Columbia have reported West Nile virus infections in people, birds, or mosquitoes in 2017. Overall, 2,002 cases of WNV were reported in humans, and there were 121 (6%) confirmed deaths in 2017. While this data shows a decrease in the number of human cases reported in 2016 (2,149), it also brings attention to the increase in lives lost, when compared to the 106 (5%) confirmed deaths in 2016. The states reporting the highest number of WNV disease cases* in 2017 include:
California: 509 cases, 28 deaths
Texas: 133 cases, 5 deaths
Arizona: 109 cases, 8 deaths
Illinois: 87 cases, 5 deaths
South Dakota: 73 cases, 4 deaths
Georgia did not report as many WNV cases (47) as several other areas of the country; however, the state reported one of the highest numbers (7) of confirmed lives lost as a result of the virus.
*Numbers combine Neuroinvasive Disease Cases and Non-neuroinvasive Disease Cases
WNV is typically transmitted to humans by mosquitoes that have previously fed upon an infected bird. While over 150 species of mosquitoes have been known to carry WNV, the main vector species in the U.S. are Culex pipiens, Culex tarsalis, and Culex quinquefasciatus. These mosquitoes are all active at night, and most cases of infection occur during the summer months. Approximately 20% of people affected by WNV will experience flu-like symptoms including fever, headache, nausea, muscle pain, and swollen lymph glands. Other symptoms may include a stiff neck, rash, sleepiness or disorientation. Less than 1% of those infected will develop West Nile Encephalitis or Meningitis, which can lead to coma, tremors, convulsions, paralysis, and even death.
To learn more about the symptoms, treatment, and mosquito species that vector this virus, visit our educational page on West Nile virus.
Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)
Eastern equine encephalitis, also referred to as EEE or Triple E, is a rare but deadly illness for humans. Thankfully, only a few human cases of EEE are reported in the U.S. each year. The CDC sites that an average of 7 cases of EEE were reported annually in the U.S. from 2007 – 2016. In 2016, there were 7 reported human cases of EEE and 3 of those cases were fatal. As of January 9, 2018, there were 3 human cases of EEE reported to the CDC in 2017.
The reason EEE is less common in humans is that the primary mosquito vector (Culiseta melanura), does not typically feed on humans. It is believed that EEE virus is mainly transmitted to humans and horses by bridge vectors that have contracted the virus by feeding on infected birds. Symptoms typically occur four to ten days after a bite from an infected mosquito and include fever, headache, vomiting, muscle aches, joint pain, and fatigue. In rare cases, infection occurs in the brain and spinal cord leading to sudden high fever, stiff neck, disorientation, seizures, and coma. The mortality rate of those that develop EEE is about 33%, the highest among human arboviruses (a virus transmitted by arthropod vectors) cases reported in the U.S. The disease is also a concern for horses. There is a vaccine available for horses, and horse owners are encouraged to discuss an on-going vaccination schedule with their veterinarians. Currently, there is no human vaccine for EEE.
To learn more about the symptoms, treatment, and mosquito species that vector this virus, visit our educational page on EEE virus.
Zika Virus (ZIKV)
In 2017, within the United States, there were 4 ZIKV cases of local mosquito-borne transmission, 5 cases acquired via sexual transmission, and 409 travel-associated cases reported to the CDC. The 4 local cases were from Florida (2) and Texas (2), the same states that reported the only local cases in 2016 (Florida: 218 and Texas: 6).
U.S. Territories reported a total of 636 local cases in 2017, a dramatic decrease from the previous year. In 2016, U.S. Territories reported close to 36,000 cases of Zika virus that were likely acquired through local mosquito-borne transmission. VDCI partnered with the CDC in several U.S. territories in 2016 to help combat the spread of Zika virus.
Many individuals learned about Zika during the outbreaks in South and North America; however, the virus was first discovered in 1947 in the Zika Forest of Uganda. In the Americas, it has only been linked to transmission by Aedes aegypti or the Yellow Fever mosquito. Ae. aegypti is also responsible for the transmission of dengue virus, yellow fever virus, and chikungunya virus. In Africa, the virus was detected in Aedes albopictus or the Asian tiger mosquito; hence, it is possible that Ae. albopictus could vector the virus in the Americas.
When symptoms occur, they typically begin with a mild headache and fever. Within a day or two, a maculopapular rash may appear and can cover many parts of the body. Following the rash, people generally report continued fever, malaise, and body aches. Other symptoms can include diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, and dizziness. Treatment for symptoms includes hydration, rest, and the use of acetaminophen to relieve fever. If a pregnant woman is infected with Zika virus, it may result in microcephaly, a birth defect causing underdevelopment of the head and brain in newborn children. Currently, there is no vaccine or cure for ZIKV.
To learn more about the symptoms, treatment, and mosquito species that vector this virus, visit our educational page on Zika virus.
VDCI is committed to public education and spreading awareness throughout the U.S. about the dangers of mosquito-borne diseases and their preventability, with the overarching goal of reducing illness and fatality statistics in 2018. Our dedicated and experienced team works tirelessly to prevent the spread of mosquito-borne diseases in all of the contracts we service. If you would like more information about any aspect of an Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) Plan, including mosquito surveillance, disease testing, adult control, or aerial applications, please contact Vector Disease Control International (VDCI), and we will help you get started immediately.
Since 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, military bases, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective integrated tick and mosquito management. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our tick and mosquito management professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated tick and mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to mosquito aerial application in emergency response situations.
Contact the professionals at 800.413.4445 for all of your integrated tick and mosquito management needs.
Are Mosquitoes Harmful to Dogs and Horses? Yes! Here's How You Can Protect Them…
Debunking Myths: Bats for Effective Mosquito Control


The Psychology Of Persuasion By Robert Cialdini can be very useful guide, and the psychology of persuasion by robert cialdini play an important role in your products. The problem is that once you have gotten your nifty new product, the the psychology of persuasion by robert cialdini gets a brief glance, maybe a once over, but it often tends to get discarded or lost with the original packaging.
© ALPINEHIREWARRINGTON.CO.UK - 2016. All rights reserved.


Correspondence, papers and minutes relating to the establishment of the International Congress, 1931-3.
The last pre-war meeting of the Congrès international, d'Anthropologie et d'Archeologie préhistoriques was held in Geneva in 1912. In Oct. 1928 the Institut international d'Anthropologie, Paris, with the consent of the surviving members of the Permanent Committee of the old Congrès, agreed to 'assure the continuity' of the old Congrès by convening the 15th Congrès concurrently with its own 4th session in Portugal in Sep. 1930. However at this meeting in Sep. 1930 due to measures taken by the IIA members of the Congrès were deprived of a vote unless they were also members of the IIA. The 15th Congrès was adjourned as a result. A 'petit comité' was then set up at Oporto on 27 Sep. comprising the survivors of the Permanent Committee, the Presidents of the IIA and RAI and any co-opted members to consider the relations between the IIA and the Congrès. It met in Paris on 22 Dec. 1930. Sir John Myres, President, RAI maintained the separation of the management of the two organizations was essential. The majority agreed that the Oct. 1928 agreement had been a mistake.
At the International Congress of Archaeology in 1929 at Barcelona a separate development was taking place which resulted in Prof. P. Bosch-Gimpera convening a conference in Berne on 28 May 1931 to consider the future organization of prehistoric studies. It was decided in Berne: (1) to separate prehistoric studies from general anthropology and ethnology; (2) not to re-establish the old pre-war Congrès but to establish a new international Congress of prehistoric studies. The Society of Antiquaries and the RAI decided to invite the new Congress to hold its first meeting in London in July or Aug. 1932;(see Council minutes, 19 May and 9 June 1931, ff. 173-4, 176-7). The demise of the old Congrès also resulted in the establishment of the new Congrès international des Sciences anthropologiques et ethnologiques which held its first meeting in London in 1934 under RAI auspices (see Council minutes, 7 July 1931, ff. 180-1 and A62). For the intricacy of the negotiations leading to this new Congress see Man, Nos. 20, 63, 94, 127, 137, Feb., Apr., May-July 1931, and to the informal report to Council by Miss M.L. Tildesley at 65/14/1. See also Proceedings of the 1st International Congress of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences, London, August 1-6, 1932 and Man, Nos. 241-52, Sep. 1932 for an outline by Sir John Myres, a group photograph of members, and summaries including sectional proceedings.
5 Ibid. Minutes with revised list of delegates approved by Council, 9 Oct.


text:
Unn.finance - Homepage - University Of Nigeria Nsukka
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UNN Campus Life is the official University of Nigeria, Nsukka entertainment unit created by the University of Nigeria, Nsukka ICT department ... About UNN A place for learning, discovery, innovation, expression and discourse
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Homepage - University Of Nigeria Nsukka
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University of Nigeria - Wikipedia
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The University of Nigeria, commonly referred to as UNN, is a federal university located in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Founded by Nnamdi Azikiwe in 1955 and formally opened on 7 October 1960, the University of Nigeria has three campuses in Enugu State– Nsukka, Enugu, and Ituku-Ozalla – and the Aba campus in Abia State. The University of Nigeria is the first full-fledged indigenous and first autonomous university in Nigeria, modelled upon the American educational system. It is the first ...
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Acronym. Definition. UNN. University News Network. UNN. Universitetssykehuset Nord-Norge (Norwegian: University Hospital North Norway) UNN. University of Nigeria, Nsukka (Enugu, Nigeria) UNN.
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UNN basketball team wins the final round of the Russian Championship. Russian scientists have developed new superhard metal ceramics. UNN Pavlovо branch develops cooperation with Belarusian college. Development of cooperation with Finland. What is the link between eye movements and language competence?
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Unity News Network (UNN) is a News and Grassroots Information Centre established in April 2018 and incorporated under the Companies Act 2006 as a Private Limited Company on 24th of April 2018. As of the 9th of April we became an IMPRESS regulated news organisation.
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Occassions to have a photoshoot in life!
I loved the wedding photoshoot! I am a very sentimental person and all about family and memoriesand would love another experinece like this. Lots of people have baby or birthday party shoots, but I don't have babies or parties lol.. What other occassions could we celebrate with a photoshoot? I have some ideas (below) – what do you think would work best? I would like something that ends up with photos showing emotions but also some that are worthy of hanging on the wall on a canvas.
I love photo shoots! you dont always need a reason! if you follow photographers on social media they often have sales or shoots for free (to build their portfolio!). You can just do fall shoots, vacation shoots, holliday shoots, lifestyle shoots (at home), etc!!
I know people who just get annual family photos. Not sure why you have to have a specific occasion to hire a photographer if you want photos. They'll take your money no matter what – you don't have to tell people it's for a specific occasion.
Our photographers have a family membership program where they do monthly events and professionally photograph them. Some are geared toward kids but not all. We have had gardening parties, halloween costume parties, hikes, cookie decorating parties, sledding, etc and all with professional photos. You also get one private session per year, all digital photos, and an album. We love it so much.


> is still proprietary and now owned by hp.
> any other copies in Nashua, NH, where the remainder of the work was done.
and the availability of BSD sources).
someone to send you a copy back.
Sure, it would be nicer to maintain the whole development log and versions.


Interactive television software developer Zodiac Interactive has released an Enhanced TV Binary Interchange Format player for Cisco Systems' PowerTV platforms, and announced plans to deliver a player for tru2way platforms early next year.
Zodiac said it worked with Ensequence to ensure that the player complies with the CableLabs EBIF standard and that Ensequence's Create authoring software supports the EBIF player for Cisco Systems' PowerTV set-top box platform.
Zodiac's EBIF player for PowerTV is available today; the company plans to make a player that runs on tru2way-enabled set-top boxes available in the first quarter of 2009.
Comcast and Time Warner Cable recently announced plans to support EBIF standards on more than 10 million set-top boxes.


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Argyle station back in service on CTA Red Line
Oct. 8, 2012 (CHICAGO)
The new station is the fourth of seven to be remodeled on the north section of the Red Line.
Officials say the project is a key part in revitalizing the neighborhood.
"We expedited bids and were able to complete this work during construction season... so our customers can experience the benefits of an aesthetically pleasing, safe, dry, comfortable station," said CTA President Forrest Claypool.
The new station features more turnstiles, better lighting, and the pagoda-style platform has been restored.


@me_dapper is our Instagram tomboy, her style led us to her. Meeting her in person was even more interesting, which I attribute to her inviting smile. She is quite an easy person to work with. She say's she is multi-talented and would love to be here with us any other time… Well, our doors are open to creativity, @me_dapper we will definitely welcome you back.
Meet @me_dapper on that Tomboy lifestyle.
I am a very determined and highly motivated person. I am quite able to see things in a perspective and believe I am quite easy to work with. Above that, I am a realist and an optimist who can cope well when the going gets tough; I relish in challenge. Professionally I'm a GRAPHIC DESIGNER.
I have different looks, one day I can be all girly and the next day I am that new tomboy in the hood….when it comes to color I like black and grey as they go well with anything. I am a sucker when it comes to makeup but can't leave the house without adding some color on my lips and a dark eyeliner on my eyes; I'm kinda Gothic…I love suits for work and short dresses/shorts with stilettos on night outs.
Almost forgot to talk about my love of vans and converse, they always sharpen my look when wearing shorts, skinny jeans and buggy tee….
I always pull it out perfectly… I believe that's what makes me, me.
WHAT DO YOUR FRIENDS AND FAMILY THINK ABOUT YOUR STYLE?
Leather/Denim jacket, boots, loafers, vans and converse….they go well with almost anything that I put on.
IF YOU WERE TO GIVE ADVICE ON PERSONAL IMAGE,WHAT WOULD YOU TELL THE WORLD?
WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SHE'S A TOMBOY?
She's A Tomboy is a platform that is giving us a chance to express our style comfortably without the fear of being judged.
I love the concept of free experetion through what one wears…Your personalities are cool too .
Now that is my girl! Shiro you rock!!!
Much respect…I love the business casual look and try often to achieve this same look. I appreciate the versatile look because it shows self expression to be different. Always look forward to different and new styles.
Love the free and natural you.
Your outfits stands unique …good job Shiro ….
This is good. Keep up the good work Ciiru!
AMEN!!! I have finally found someone i can relate to in terms of style. Cheers to WE Tomboys!!!!!!!
Thank you Rheen. Cheers :)….
Can you dress me for a day??


There is a war in the church--Most of the rebel Nephites are killed, but some escapte to the Lamanites--The rebel Nephites talk the Lamanites into going to war with the Nephites--The Lamanites take Zarahelma, Bountiful, and most of the Nephite lands--Moronihah preaches to the Nephites--The Nephites repent, prosper, and retrieve half of their lands--The Nephites are unable to get all their lands back--They become as weak as the Lamanites--All this happens because of the Nephites unbelief.
4:1 And it came to pass in the *fifty and fourth year there were many dissensions in the church, and there was also a contention among the people, insomuch that there was much bloodshed. (4:1) There was much bloodshed.
In 38 BCE, a war broke out in the proto-Mormon church ("the church of God").
The rebellious part were slain and driven out of the land. Those who rebelled were killed or "driven out of the land."
(4:3) They did endeavor to stir up the Lamanites.
But some of the the rebel Nephites escaped, joined up with the Lamanites, and tried to convince them to go to war with the Nephites. But the Lamanites were "exceedingly afraid."
4:2 And the rebellious part were slain and driven out of the land, and they did go unto the king of the Lamanites.
4:3 And it came to pass that they did endeavor to stir up the Lamanites to war against the Nephites; but behold, the Lamanites were exceedingly afraid, insomuch that they would not hearken to the words of those dissenters.
4:4 But it came to pass in the fifty and sixth year of the reign of the judges, there were dissenters who went up from the Nephites unto the Lamanites; and they succeeded with those others in stirring them up to anger against the Nephites; and they were all that year preparing for war. (4:4-5) They did commence the work of death.
After a few years of stirring, they rebel Nephites findly succeeded, and the Lamanites attacked, defeating the lands of Zarahelma and Bountiful.
4:5 And in the fifty and seventh year they did come down against the Nephites to battle, and they did commence the work of death; yea, insomuch that in the fifty and eighth year of the reign of the judges they succeeded in obtaining possession of the land of Zarahemla; yea, and also all the lands, even unto the land which was near the land Bountiful.
4:8 And thus those dissenters of the Nephites, with the help of a numerous army of the Lamanites, had obtained all the possession of the Nephites which was in the land southward. And all this was done in the fifty and eighth and ninth years of the reign of the judges.
4:9 And it came to pass in the sixtieth year of the reign of the judges, Moronihah did succeed with his armies in obtaining many parts of the land; yea, they regained many cities which had fallen into the hands of the Lamanites. (4:9-10) Moronihah did succeed with his armies.
Then Moronihah got involved. He and his armies regained many of the cities that the Lamanites had captured.
4:10 And it came to pass in the sixty and first year of the reign of the judges they succeeded in regaining even the half of all their possessions.
This "great slaughter" was God's way of punishing the Nephites for "their wickedness and their abomination."
4:13 And because of this their great wickedness, and their boastings in their own strength, they were left in their own strength; therefore they did not prosper, but were afflicted and smitten, and driven before the Lamanites, until they had lost possession of almost all their lands.
4:14 But behold, Moronihah did preach many things unto the people because of their iniquity, and also Nephi and Lehi, who were the sons of Helaman, did preach many things unto the people, yea, and did prophesy many things unto them concerning their iniquities, and what should come unto them if they did not repent of their sins. (4:14-16) But behold, Moronihah did preach many things.
But then Moronihah preached many things, and that pretty much took care of everything. The people repented, began to prosper, got their land and possessions back from the Lamanites (well, half of it anyway).
4:15 And it came to pass that they did repent, and inasmuch as they did repent they did begin to prosper.
4:16 For when Moronihah saw that they did repent he did venture to lead them forth from place to place, and from city to city, even until they had regained the one-half of their property and the one-half of all their lands.
4:17 And thus ended the sixty and first year of the reign of the judges.
4:18 And it came to pass in the sixty and second year of the reign of the judges, that Moronihah could obtain no more possessions over the Lamanites. (4:18-20) Moronihah could obtain no more possessions.
But preaching and repenting can only do so much. Finally, the Nephites had to give up and let the Lamanites keep half their stuff.
4:19 Therefore they did abandon their design to obtain the remainder of their lands, for so numerous were the Lamanites that it became impossible for the Nephites to obtain more power over them; therefore Moronihah did employ all his armies in maintaining those parts which he had taken.
4:20 And it came to pass, because of the greatness of the number of the Lamanites the Nephites were in great fear, lest they should be overpowered, and trodden down, and slain, and destroyed.
4:21 Yea, they began to remember the prophecies of Alma, and also the words of Mosiah; and they saw that they had been a stiffnecked people, and that they had set at naught the commandments of God.
The Nephites became "a wicked people ... wicked even like unto the Lamanites [Native Americans]."
The judgments of God did stare them in the face.
4:24 And they saw that they had become weak, like unto their brethren, the Lamanites, and that the Spirit of the Lord did no more preserve them; yea, it had withdrawn from them because the Spirit of the Lord doth not dwell in unholy temples -- (4:24) They had become weak.
4:25 Therefore the Lord did cease to preserve them by his miraculous and matchless power, for they had fallen into a state of unbelief and awful wickedness; and they saw that the Lamanites were exceedingly more numerous than they, and except they should cleave unto the Lord their God, they must unavoidably perish. (4:25) They had fallen into a state of unbelief.
God withdrew his miraculous protection from the Nephites because "they had fallen into a state of unbelief."
4:26 For behold, they saw that the strength of the Lamanites was as great as their strength, even man for man. And thus had they fallen into this great transgression; yea, thus had they become weak, because of their transgression, in the space of not many years.


The Bushwakker is offering Smoked BBQ dishes every weekend this summer. Craft beer and BBQ pair wonderfully together! This weekend's BBQ feature is Cedar Plank Steelhead Trout w/ Cilantro-Lime Rice, Sautéed Apple & Radicchio w/ Avocado Salsa $16.95 (Weather permitting).
NEWS FROM THE BUSHWAKKER BREWERY. A double batch of our new CHICO LIGHT SESSION IPA is now on tap and in our offsale. A very drinkable IPA at only 4.6 % ABV with plenty of hop character enhanced by the use of our Hop Torpedo. It is also available for growler fills. Our brand new STRAZZBERRY BLONDE ALE continues to receive rave reviews from our growing legion of fruit beer fans. Bushwakker head brewer, Michael Gaetz, also reports his brand new NORTHERN STRONG LAGER (a bigger version of our Northern Lights Lager) is working its way through the brewery.
Our guest tap is currently pouring Vino Lager, a Chardonnay barrel-aged Munich Helles from the District Brewing Company in Regina. $7.95 for a pint and $5.95 for a half pint. Next up Yorkton's Back Forty Brewery will make their Bushwakker debut with their Blueberry Wheat! Following that the Oatmeal Session Pale Ale from Swift Current's Black Bridge Brewery will be tapped.
Congratulations to Bushwakker head brewer Michael Gaetz for finishing at the top!
Our brand new STRAZZBERRY BLONDE ALE is now available in our offsale! In keeping with Bushwakker family tradition, office manager, Kristen Welisch (Michael's sister), served as the inspiration for our new fruit beer label.
Aug. 18: Motherwell Red Fife Rhubarb Witbier Firkin Preview. The Bushwakker is a proud partner with Parks Canada and Living Sky Winery this summer and will once again brew the extremely popular Motherwell Homestead commemorative brew, but with a special Canadian 150th Anniversary twist! To acknowledge the fact that William Motherwell abstained from alcohol and preferred rhubarb tea, this year's Motherwell Red Fife Witbier will utilize the historic Red Fife wheat as well as rhubarb juice from Saskatchewan's Living Sky Winery. This special Belgian-style wheat beer will be officially released at The Symphony Under The Sky event at the Motherwell Homestead on Saturday, August 26 but you can get a sneak peek on August 19. Motherwell Homestead interpreters will be at the Bushwakker for a special Firkin Preview tapping. They will be wearing period dress, and will briefly describe the big Motherwell Threshing Day/SUTS Grand Event. 5:30 PM.
Does Independent Craft Really Need a Seal?
The Brewers' Association (BA) in the U.S. has just launched a "Certified Independent Craft Brewer" seal. The seal, an upside down bottle indicating certified independence, is designed to identify which breweries in the States are not owned by one of the big corporate breweries. The BA says more than 1500 breweries have signed onto the certification, placing the seal somewhere on their packaging. The seal is a clear response by BA to the big boys' recent efforts to buy up successful craft brewers as well as to launch their own pseudo-craft brands to compete against authentic craft brewers.
On the surface it seems like a good idea – find a way to differentiate real craft from pseudo-craft and give consumers an easy-to-find marker to establish authenticity. Organic and fair trade products have been doing this for years, quite successfully. Consumers know which labels mean something and therefore the system is more legitimate and reliable all around.
In that context an independent craft brewery certification seal makes sense. It is a way to quickly demarcate real craft from faux craft.
Maybe. But overall I believe it is a misguided strategy that obfuscates certain hard facts about the beer industry. Allow me to summarize a few of my concerns.
First, there is the issue of definition. What exactly does "independent" mean? For the BA it means no more than 25% of the brewery can be owned by a non-craft brewer. Is that truly independent? Case in point, last week news broke that Heineken, through wholly-owned Lagunitas, is buying a 20% stake in Michigan brewery Short's Brewing. By the BA definition, Short's continues to be considered "independent" despite their new corporate partners. I am somewhat dubious.
The BA also has a size requirement, kind of. To be eligible you must produce less than six million barrels (about 7.2 million HL) of beer annually. That is a lot of beer. To put it in perspective that limit is more than three times the annual production of the Edmonton Labatt plant. At that size, is the independence of the ownership the most important factor in determining if the brewery is legitimately craft or not?
Second, and this really is the core of my concern, is that the seal ignores fundamental realities of the beer industry – that it is a capitalist venture. The vast majority of BA members are corporations (there are a handful of co-operatives and employee-owned breweries). They are for-profit enterprises which (hopefully) generate value and revenue for their owners. They don't produce beer for the good of the community, but to make money.
What, at its core, is the difference between a large, multi-national corporation and a relatively small, independent corporation, other than scale? What happens when that independent corporation becomes rather large, such as Boston Beer Co.? Does that change the picture?
Let me immediately contradict my own point by highlighting that I do think there is a difference. The ABInbev's of the world are transactional enterprises first and beer-makers second. An independent brewery is still about beer first and foremost, and that matters. Craft brewers are, for the most part, about building a culture of beer, which also matters.
I support fair trade and organic certification because they tell me something specific and significant about the product. The certification verifies that it was produced ethically/without pesticides/etc. I can then make my choice. What does an independent seal on my beer really tell me? It tells me it is not owned by one of the big corporate brewers, that is all.
For some that is enough. And fair enough.
For me it isn't though. What matters more is that the brewery is anchored in a community. That they come from the community and produce beer for people in the community. That connection is more important than ownership, at the end of the day.
Emphasizing local still locks out the corporate brewers, who long since traded in their community cards for global dominance, but it also allows the consumer to make cleaner distinctions about other aspects of the beer.
Promoting the independent ownership of craft brewers isn't a bad thing. I am supportive of almost anything that undermines the hegemony of the corporate brewers. But I find the BA's efforts on this front to be more than a little misleading. They are trading on the public's image of craft brewers as small, local and plucky. The reality is that many of the players in the industry (including Canada), they have long moved past that stage. And having done so, the line between them and the big corporate brewers is thinner than the BA would like to admit.
The Bushwakker celebrates Canada's 150th anniversary with a limited edition collaborative brew. Only 400 bottles will be filled and a small amount will be available on tap. Official release date: Sat., Aug. 26. Firkin preview tapping date: Fri, Aug., 18 at 5:30.
A little boy and his grandfather are working in the garden in the backyard. The little boy finds an earthworm trying to get back into its hole. He says, "Grandpa, I bet I can put that worm back in that hole." The grandfather replies, "I'll bet you five dollars you can't. It's too wiggly and limp to put back in that little hole."
"Grandpa, you already gave me five dollars."
Weekend BBQ Feature: Cedar Plank Steelhead Trout w/ Cilantro-Lime Rice, Sautéed Apple & Radicchio w/ Avocado Salsa $16.95 (Weather permitting).


the Tripplite OMNI1000LCD UPS which I had raven (my server) plugged in to was still shutting off on me. at this point, I had one computer, 1 ethernet switch, 1 ethernet hub, and a kvm switch plugged into the battery. it should be able to handle that. then I moved the little stuff off battery, leaving only the computer. Even then, I've had it power off.
Today I exchanged the UPS for another one (same model) hoping that perhaps the one I got was bad. if this one shuts off on me too, I'll have to get a refund and go get a different kind of UPS. I've again plugged in 1 computer, the ethernets, and the kvm switch into it. we'll see.
The Tripp-Lite OMNI1000LCD is definitely not a quality product in my view. I have had up to 15 of them at work, and 5 have already died after 6 months to 1 year of use. Not only that but it is difficult to replace the battery as they were not made to be opened. If anyone is considering this product I would say look elsewhere. The funny thing is some of Tripp-Lite's products have been very solid over the years. However seeing this UPS in action has made me switch to APC as I replace the bad units.
PS To add to this today one of my users starting telling me about a problem that sounds just like your problem. He told me his UPS would shut down for no reason. I can switch it back on, but how long it will last is anyones guess.


The correct business structure is vital to ensure that you are not paying more tax that you are legally obliged to.
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Westkerke est un hameau appartenant à la commune néerlandaise de Tholen, situé dans la province de la Zélande, qui dépend du village de Scherpenisse.

Westkerke est un ancien village et une ancienne commune indépendante, rattachée à Scherpenisse le . Le village est également une ancienne seigneurie, dont les attestations remontent au . Du château fort ne subsiste que la motte castrale.

Tholen (commune)
Localité dans la province de Zélande
Ancienne commune dans la province de Zélande

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia