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text:
\section*{Introduction}
Excitons are bound states of an electron in a conduction band and a hole in a valence band holding together due to the Coulomb attraction. In direct bandgap materials they can be created by the absorption of photons and annihilate with the photon emission. In the specific designs, when a material with an optical excitonic transition is embedded inside an optical cavity, and the energies of a cavity mode and excitonic transition are brought close to resonance, the regime of the strong light-matter coupling can be achieved \cite{Kavokin2017_OxfPr}. This happens when the characteristic coupling strength, defined by the optical dipole moment of the excitonic transition, exceeds all characteristic broadenings.  Strong coupling has been demonstrated for a variety of experimental geometries including planar Bragg microcavities\cite{weisbuch1992observation}, planar waveguides\cite{ciers2017propagating}, or photonic crystal slabs supporting photonic bound states in continuum (BIC) and leaky modes \cite{zhang2018photonic, kravtsov2020nonlinear}.

Hybridization between excitons and cavity photons results in  appearance of a new type of the composite elementary excitations in the system, known as exciton-polaritons. The combination of the extremely small effective mass of the polaritons (about five orders of magnitude smaller compared to free electron mass) with macroscopically large coherence length \cite{Ballarini2017} and strong nonlinear optical response provided by exciton-exciton interactions \cite{ciuti1998role,glazov2009polariton} make polariton systems attractive candidates for realization of the nonlinear optical elements of new generation \cite{liew2011polaritonic}, including the extra low threshold lasers \cite{kasprzak2006bose} and all-optical integrated circuits \cite{Amo2010_NatPhot,Askitopoulos2018,Chen2022,Nigro2022}. Moreover, polaritons present an ideal platform for study of collective quantum phenomena at surprisingly high temperatures \cite{carusotto2013quantum}.

However, for practical applications of polaritonics there is still a gap in the material base. Indeed, the use of the structures with quantum wells based on conventional semiconductor materials, such as GaAs\cite{bajoni2008polariton,nguyen2013realization} and CdTe\cite{kasprzak2006bose} are limited to cryogenic temperatures. On the other hand,  production of the high quality samples based on wide gap materials such as GaN\cite{semond2005strong,liu2015strong} or ZnO \cite{van2006exciton} require expensive fabrication methods,  transition metal dichalcogenide-based systems \cite{kravtsov2020nonlinear,zhao2021ultralow} (TMDs) are difficult to scale up and polymer materials (MeLPPP\cite{zasedatelev2019room}, mCherry\cite{betzold2019coherence}) are highly disordered and are still mostly used in bulky vertical Bragg cavities, which are barely compatible with on-chip designs. Moreover, as all these materials possess tightly bound excitons, which means that the exciton-exciton interaction, and consequently the nonlinear optical coefficient are substantially reduced.

In this context, halide perovskites are very promising candidates for practical applications of polaritonics. This is due to the combination of their remarkable properties, namely stability of excitons at room temperatures, high optical oscillator strength of the excitonic transitions,  defect tolerance, availability of well developed and cheap fabrication and nanostructuring and simple scaling-up technologies~\cite{su2018room,ArXiv2022}, and the ability to support high-Q optical modes at the nanoscale due the high refractive index of the material\cite{su2021perovskite}. The latter allows realizing a planar optical cavity in the geometry of a photonic crystal slab (PCS) made directly from the active excitonic material with high localization of optical field and thus enhanced light-matter interaction. Moreover, it is well known that due to the polar nature of their crystalline lattice, hybrid halide perovskites posses strong electron-phonon interaction\cite{wright2016}, which leads to the substantial enhancement of their optical nonlinear properties, as we will show below.

The nonlinear optical response of exciton-polaritons is determined by their excitonic component and can be experimentally detected as a blueshift of the lower polariton line with increase of the intensity of the external pump. This phenomenon is mainly due to the two mechanisms. The first one is related to the exciton-exciton  interactions, for which exchange contribution is dominant \cite{ciuti1998role,glazov2009polariton} and which apparently increases with an increase of the exciton concentration. The second one is connected with the saturation of the optical absorption related to the composite quantum statistics of excitons, and results in the quenching of the Rabi splitting. The combination of these two effects effects allows to successfully use polariton systems in nonlinear photonic devices\cite{sanvitto2016road} with characteristic response times up down to the sub-picosecond range \cite{chen2022optically} with perovskites being one of the promising material platforms. Polariton nonlinearity has been already demonstrated experimentally in all-inorganic and so-called quasi-2D perovskites  \cite{su2018room,su2017room,fieramosca2019two}, but corresponding properties of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) were not yet investigated.  Hybrid perovskites possess certain important differences from  all-inorganic perovskites, such as soft polar crystal lattice favorable for  polaron formation\cite{miyata2017large}. Importantly, polaron effects can be expected to modify the interaction potential \cite{soufiani2015polaronic}, which leads to the enhancement of the exciton binding energy and substantial increase of the polariton nonlinear response \cite{masharin2022polaron}.

Among HOIPs bromide-based perovskite MAPbBr$_3$ is a perspective material for room-temperature polaritonics, since it has an exciton with sufficiently high binding energy and high oscillator strength stable even in the  polycrystalline phase\cite{soufiani2015polaronic,shi2020exciton}.  Previously, strong light-matter coupling regime was reported in MAPbBr$_3$ nanowires \cite{shang2018surface} and thin films embedded in  vertical Bragg cavities \cite{bouteyre2019room}.  Polariton optical nonlinearity was not studied in both mentioned geometries so far, but was investigated in the related material MAPbI$_3$ \cite{masharin2022polaron}, where record high values of the polariton blueshift (up to 19.7 meV) were reported. However, relatively low exciton binding energy in MAPbI$_3$ makes the observed effect possible only at cryogenic temperatures. This obviously limits the possibility of the practical applications, and the study of the nonlinear response of MAPbBr$_3$ thus represents an important contribution in the field.

In this work, we use MAPbBr$_3$ thin film as an active medium with room-temperature stable excitons. We structure the film using nanoimprint lithography method with a periodic grating mold, to get a photonic crystal slab (PCS). We demonstrate that in this geometry the coupling of an excitonic transition with leaky modes of the PCS results in the formation of robust exciton-polaritons. We study experimentally the temperature dependence of the properties of this system and demonstrate, among the rest, the pronounced polariton nonlinear response at room temperature. Moreover, we present a theoretical model which reveals the main mechanisms of the polariton nonlinearity and gives the quantitative description of the experimental data. Potential perspectives of MAPbBr$_3$ in exciton-polariton applications are also highlighted.

\section*{Sample and experimental setup}

The fabrication of the perovskite PCS (see Fig.~\ref{fig1}a) consists in the two steps: the synthesis of MAPbBr$_3$ thin film followed by the nanoimprint lithorgaphy.

First, thin MAPbBr$_3$ film is synthesised by the solvent engineering method \cite{jeon2014solvent}. Perovskite solution is prepared in a nitrogen dry box by mixing of 56.0~mg of  methylammonium bromide (MABr, GreatCell Solar) and 183.5~mg of Lead(II) bromide (PbBr$_2$, TCI). Salts are dissolved in 1~ml 3:1 DMF:DMSO solvent mixture. The resulting solution with a molarity of 0.5M is stirred for 1 day at 27 C$^{\circ}$. Before a film synthesis, glass substrates (12.5$\times$12.5 mm) are cleaned by sonication in the deionized water, acetone and 2-propanol. In order to achieve high adhesion, the substrates are then cleaned in an oxygen plasma cleaner. The fabrication of a thin perovskite film is performed in a nitrogen dry box using spin-coating method. 30 uL of perovskite solution is deposited on the substrate and spinned at 3000~rpm for 40~sec. At the 25th second, 300~$\mu$L of toluene is dripped on the top of the rotating substrate. After the spinning, MAPbBr$_3$ film in the intermediate phase without thermal annealing is taken from the glovebox for further structuring using nanoimprint lithography method \cite{tiguntseva2019enhanced}.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\center{\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{Fig1.png}}
\caption{(a) Concept image of a 1D MAPbBr$_3$ PCS fabrication by nanoimprint lithography. In a thin film of MAPbBr$_3$ excitonic transition is strongly coupled with a waveguide photonic mode, which lies below the light cone. The presence of the periodic grating leads to the transformation of the photonic waveguide modes into leaky PCS modes, which makes possible direct optical excitation and detection of the polaritons (b) The morphology of the fabricated 1D MAPbBr$_3$ PCS, measured by AFM method. The color shows the height in each point of the sample from low (dark colors) to high (light colors) (c) The horizontal profile of the studied sample, obtained from the AFM measurement. The data show the presence of the accurate ridges with the height about 100 nm. (d) Image of the studied sample, made by SEM, which shows the grating period of 750 nm and the ridge width of 200 nm. (e) Experimentally measured angle-resolved reflectance spectrum of fabricated MAPbBr$_3$ PCS in TE polarization, which shows the dispersion of the PCS leaky modes. The wavevector of light in free space $k_0$ is defined as $k_0 = E / (\hbar * c)$, where $E$ is photon energy, $c$ is the speed of light. The curvature of the mode near the 2.3 eV is attributed to the coupling with the excitonic transition. In the spectral region above 2.3 eV, there is no photonic mode due to the high optical absorption. (f) The simulated angle-resolved spectrum of the studied structure obtained by the FMM. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
}
\label{fig1}
\end{figure}

As a mold for the nanoimrpint, we use a one-dimesional periodic structure with a period of 750~nm, ridges height of 100~nm and ridge width of 520~nm. The mold is cleaned in methanol and deionized water and then dried before the imprint. The imprint process is carried out under 4~MPa pressure for 10~minutes, then the mold is removed. Finally, the imprinted perovskite sample is annealed at 70 C$^{\circ}$ for 10~minutes. After the nanoimprint process, the perovskite nanograting is formed with the profile inverted with respect to the one of the mold employed.

In order to characterize the structural properties of the resulting perovskite PCS, we use the atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods Fig.~\ref{fig1}b-d. The obtained data confirm the high quality of imprinted periodic nanograting and allow to precisely determine its parameters, in particular the period of the structure of 750~nm, ridge height of 45~nm, and ridge width of 200~nm (Fig.~\ref{fig1}c-d). Note that rare pinholes which can be seen in Fig.~\ref{fig1}d play a negligible role in the resulting optical quality of the sample. With extracted grating parameters and accounting for the measured refractive index dispersion of MAPbBr$_3$ thin films \cite{alias2016optical}, we calculate angle-resolved reflectance spectrum (Fig.~\ref{fig1}f) by Fourier modal method (FMM) \cite{li1997new}.

In order to experimentally confirm the realization of the strong coupling regime in our sample at different temperatures, we use the angle-resolved spectroscopy methods. For this purpose, the back focal plane (BFP) of the objective lens Mitutoyo NIR x50 with N.A. equal to 0.65 is imaged to a slit spectrometer coupled to the liquid-nitrogen-cooled imaging CCD camera (Princeton Instruments SP2500+PyLoN). A halogen lamp is employed for the white light illumination in angle-resolved reflectance measurements. The white light homogeneously fills BFP, ensuring light incidence at the sample from the whole available range of the angles. The reflected light passes through a linear polarizer with electric field parallel to the grating ridges such that only TE modes are analyzed. Light is then dispersed by a monochromator and detected by the imaging CCD camera. As a result, we obtain the angular dependence of the reflectance spectra. The map shown in Fig.~\ref{fig1}e is obtained at room temperature and correlates well with the simulated one presented in Fig~\ref{fig1}f, which confirms the sufficient accuracy of the structural and optical parameters used in the simulation. In both Figs.~\ref{fig1}e,f one can observe the curvature of the optical mode dispersion in the vicinity of the exciton resonance around 2.31~eV, which is readily a clear signature of strong exciton-photon coupling and  polaritonic behavior. Due to the high absorption in the range of photon energies above the exciton level, no upper polariton branch can be observed in the experiment.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\center{\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{Fig2.pdf}}
\caption{(a) Experimentally measured angle-resolved PL spectra at different temperatures under non-resonant pump. The color corresponds to the intensity of the emitted light. The data contain the background emission over all k$_x$/k$_0$ and emission of the leaky modes in the strong coupling regime. The dashed orange lines correspond to the uncoupled cavity photon mode, red dashed lines correspond to the exciton levels and the green solid lines describe the polariton modes, obtained by coupled oscillator model optimization. The observed shift of the lower polariton mode with temperature is attributed with the shift of the excitonic level. (b) Extracted Hopfield coefficients as  functions of  k$_x$/k$_0$ for given temperatures, estimated from the results of coupled oscillator model optimization. Orange and red lines correspond to the photon ($|C_k|^2$) and exciton ($|X_k|^2$) fractions respectively. (c,d) The extracted values of the excitonic energy $E_X$ in MAPbBr$_3$ PCS and light-matter coupling coefficient $g_0$ as functions of the temperature. The redshift of the exciton level with lowering the temperature is attributed to the polaron effects\cite{soufiani2015polaronic}. The rise of $g_0$ at low temperatures due to the increasing of the exciton fraction and lowering of the non-radiative losses.}
\label{fig2}
\end{figure}

\section*{Temperature-dependent strong light-matter coupling}

To study the light-matter coupling in our sample we perform angle-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements using the setup described above. To excite the sample non-resonantly, we use the femtosecond (fs) laser (Pharos, Light Conversion) coupled with the broad-bandwidth optical parametric amplifier (Orpheus-F, Light Conversion) at the wavelength of 490 nm (2.53~eV), 220 fs pulse duration and 100 kHz repetition rate. The sample is mounted in the ultra-low-vibration closed-cycle helium cryostat (Advanced Research Systems) and is maintained at a controllable temperature in the range of 7-300K.

Fig.~\ref{fig2}a shows the measured angle-resolved PL spectra for the temperatures varying from 20~K to 295K.  The spectral maps reveal two features: the narrow-band angle-dependent polariton mode and an uncoupled dispersionless emission in the vicinity of the exciton resonance. With increase of the temperature, we clearly observe the pronounced blueshift  of both the uncoupled PL peak and the polariton mode.

In order to analyze carefully the evolution of exciton-polaritons with increase of the temperature, we fit the polariton dispersion using two-coupled oscillator model\cite{hopfield1958theory}:
\begin{equation}
    \widetilde{E_{LP}}(k_x) = \frac{\widetilde{E_X} + \widetilde{E_C}(k_x)}{2} - \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{(\widetilde{E_X} - \widetilde{E_C}(k_x))^2 + 4g_0^2},
\label{twocouplmod}
\end{equation}
where $\widetilde{E_X} = E_X - i \gamma_X$ is a complex exciton energy and $\widetilde{E_C}(k_x) = E_C(k_x) - i \gamma_C(k_x)$ is a complex photonic cavity mode energy, with imaginary parts $\gamma_X$ and $\gamma_C$ being the characteristic broadenings of excitonic and photonic modes, respectively, and $k_x$ is the in-plane component of the wavevector of light.
Within the light cone the excitonic dispersion can be safely neglected.
$g_0$ is the strength of the light-matter coupling, which together with the broadenings of the modes define the Rabi splitting as follows:
\begin{equation}
    \Omega_{R} = \sqrt{4 g_0^2 - (\gamma_C - \gamma_X)^2}
\label{RabiSplit}
\end{equation}

Excitonic and photonic fractions in a lower polariton ($|X_k|^2$ and $|C_k|^2$ respectively), known as Hopfield coefficients, are shown in Fig~\ref{fig2}b. They depend on a wavevector and can be extracted using the fitting parameters of the dispersions using the following relations:
\begin{equation}
    |X_k|^2 = \frac{1}{2} \left(1- \frac{E_C(k_x) - E_X}{\sqrt{(E_C(k_x) - E_X)^2 + 4 g_0^2}} \right); \;
    |C_k|^2 = 1 - |X_k|^2.
\label{HopfCoeff}
\end{equation}

The uncoupled cavity mode (orange lines in Fig.~\ref{fig2}a) is obtained by a linear extrapolation of the leaky mode dispersion from the spectral region far from the excitonic resonance to the whole spectral range. The polariton dispersion $\widetilde{E_{LP}}(k)$ is extracted from the measured angle-resolved PL spectrum by the fitting the mode resonance at each in-plane wavevector k$_x$/k$_0$ by the Lorentz peak function.
Here, $k_0$ is a wavevector of light in free space defined as $k_0 = E / (\hbar * c)$, where $E$ is photon energy, $c$ is the speed of light.
It should be noted, that in the recent works, some uncertainty in the determination of exciton resonance in MAPbBr$_3$ depending on the method was reported \cite{soufiani2015polaronic, shi2020exciton} and we therefore choose $\widetilde{E_X}$ and $\Omega_0$ in Eq. \eqref{twocouplmod} as optimization parameters for each temperature in our fitting procedure.

Fig.~\ref{fig2}d shows the temperature dependence of the coupling coefficient $g_0$. The fitting procedure also allows to extract the values of $\gamma_C\approx 20$~meV and $\gamma_X \leq \gamma_X^{RT} \approx 12$~meV, where $\gamma_X^{RT}$ is the room temperature exciton linewidth [see {\color{blue}Supplementary Material (SM)}]. Taking into account the strong light-matter coupling criteria $g_0 > |\gamma_C - \gamma_x|/2$ and $\Omega_{R} > (\gamma_C+\gamma_X)/2$, we confirm that in our system exciton-polaritons remain stable up to the room temperatures.  In particular, at room temperature we get the value $g_0 = 54$~meV, which exceeds the value of $g_0 = 48$~meV reported previously for the geometry with a vertical Bragg cavity\cite{bouteyre2019room}.  This enhancement can be attributed to a better field localization in the PCS of our sample .

The temperature dependence of the position of the excitonic resonance (Fig.~\ref{fig2}c) extracted from the two-coupled oscillator model is in good agreement with the previous works \cite{shi2020exciton,soufiani2015polaronic}. Note that in case of the fitting of an uncoupled resonance from the reflectance measurements \cite{soufiani2015polaronic}, one should account for the inhomogeneous broadening of an excitonic line, while in the case of the strong exciton-photon coupling, this broadening is lifted due to the effect of motional narrowing\cite{whittaker1996motional}. The pronounced temperature dependence of the position of an excitonic level is the signature of strong polaronic effects in the linear optical response \cite{soufiani2015polaronic}. Below we demonstrate that these effects play crucial role in the nonlinear optical response in MAPbBr$_3$ as well.

\section*{Nonlinear polariton blueshift under resonant pump}

In order to study the role of the polaronic effects in polariton nonlinearity, we first perform resonant pump-dependent reflectivity measurements.
The sample is excited by 220 fs pulses with tunable central wavelength.
The angle of the incidence is controlled by the focusing of the laser beam to the back focal plane of an objective lens.
We select several angles of pump incidence  for near-resonant excitation of polaritons with different exciton fractions defined by Hopfield coefficient $|X_k|^2$, eq.~(\ref{HopfCoeff}).
We measure the reflectance spectra within the spectral range of the pump fs laser and extract the polariton resonance peak parameters by fitting it with Fano lineshape function.
With increase of the pump fluence, we observe the nonlinear blueshift of the lower polariton line.
The measured blueshifts as functions of the incident fluence for different wavevectors (corresponding to different values of Hopfield coefficients) are shown in Fig~\ref{fig3}a with circles of the different colors.
Naturally, higher polariton blueshifts are observed for higher excitonic fractions $|X_k|^2$.
For the highest exciton fraction we achieve the maximum measured blueshift of 6.4 meV. In our case this quantity is experimentally limited by the spectral linewidth of the pump laser, and can be expected to increase even further.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\center{\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{Fig3.pdf}}
\caption{ (a) Extracted polariton blueshift as a function of incident pump fluence of the femtosecond laser excitation at room temperature.
The thin solid lines are the results of theoretical modeling.
Inset table shows coefficients $|X_k|^2$ for excitonic fractions in polaritons.
In the experiment, the observable blueshifts are limited by the spectral linewidth of the pulse.
We therefore perform the numerical simulations for the same set of parameters within the extended range of  pump fluences reaching the blueshift saturation, as shown in panel (b).
Inset: Wavevector dependence of polariton nonlinearity rates associated with exciton-exciton Coulomb interaction (blue curve) and the quench of Rabi splitting due to the phase space filling (green curve).
The vertical dashed lines of corresponding color indicate  the experimental wavevectors shown in panels (a), (b).
The nonlinearity associated with the quench of Rabi splitting is comparable with exciton-exciton interactions, which stems from the very large value of bare light-matter coupling $g_0 = 54$~meV.
}
\label{fig3}
\end{figure}

We now proceed with the theoretical model for the quantitative description of the polaron-assisted polariton nonlinearity, which will allow us to describe the presented experimental data.
The Schr\"{o}dinger equation for an excitonic state in the center of mass coordinates reads:
\begin{equation}
    \label{eq:Schro}
    \left[-\frac{\hbar^2 \nabla^2}{2\mu^*} - V(\vec{r}) \right] \psi(\vec{r}) = -E_b \psi(\vec{r}),
\end{equation}
where $\mu^*=m_e^* m_h^*/ (m_e^*+m_h^*)$ is the exciton reduced mass, with $m_e^*$ and $m_h^*$ being the masses of electrons and holes. In halide perovskites, the strong coupling between the charge carriers and longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes leads the formation of polarons and corresponding  renormalization of the charge carrier effective masses, which can be represented as\cite{masharin2022polaron},
\begin{equation}
m_{e[h]}^* = m_{e[h]} \left(1+ \alpha_{e[h]}/6 \right),
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
    \alpha_{e[h]} = \frac{e^2}{4\pi\varepsilon_0} \frac{1}{\hbar \varepsilon^*} \sqrt{\frac{m_{e[h]}}{2E_{LO}}}
\end{equation}
is the dimensionless Fröhlich coupling constant. In the above expression $E_{LO}$ is the energy of LO phonon,
$e$ is the elementary charge, $\varepsilon_0$ is the vacuum permittivity, and
\begin{equation}
    \frac{1}{\varepsilon^*} = \frac{1 }{\varepsilon_{\infty}}
    - \frac{1}{\varepsilon_s},
\end{equation}
with $\varepsilon_s$, $\varepsilon_\infty$ being static and high frequency dielectric constants, respectively.

Besides effective mass renormalization, polaronic effects strongly affect the interaction between the charge carriers, which within the Pollmann-Büttner approach can be represented as \cite{pollmann1977effective,baranowski2020excitons,menendez2015nonhydrogenic}
\begin{equation}
    \label{eq:Vr}
    V(r) =  \frac{e^2}{4\pi \varepsilon_0 r} \left[ \frac{1}{\varepsilon_s } +\frac{1}{\varepsilon^* }
    \left( \frac{m_h}{\Delta m} e^{-\frac{r}{l_h}} - \frac{m_e}{\Delta m} e^{-\frac{r}{l_e}}\right) \right],
\end{equation}
where $\Delta m = m_h - m_e$, and $l_{e[h]} = \hbar /\sqrt{E_{LO} m_{e[h]} } $
are the polaron radii.

For numerical calculations, we use the parameters from the Refs. \cite{baranowski2020excitons,soufiani2015polaronic}.
We set $\varepsilon_{\infty} = 4.4$,
$\varepsilon_{s} = 25.5$, $E_{LO}=18$ meV, $m_e = 0.21 m_0$, $m_h = 0.25 m_0$, where $m_0$ is the free electron mass.
We numerically calculate the eigenvalues of Eq.~\eqref{eq:Schro}, and obtain the excitonic binding energy $E_b = 30.5$ meV, which is in line with previous reports ~\cite{soufiani2015polaronic,shi2020exciton}.
The obtained wave function of the ground state of an exciton  is well fitted with the hydrogen-type expression
$\psi = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi a^3}} e^{-r/a_B}$, where $a_b \approx 1.76$ nm is the excitonic Bohr radius.

The high value of the binding energy makes excitons stable at room temperatures.
Note, that the polaronic renormalization of the effective masses and the interaction potential leads to the  violation of conventional hydrogenic Rydberg scaling of exciton energy levels and the Bohr radius \cite{menendez2015nonhydrogenic}.
It also modifies substantially the relations between the exciton Bohr radius (which defines the maximally reachable exciton density, corresponding to the Mott transition) and the nonlinear interaction rates in a way favorable for enhancing the fluence-dependent blueshift \cite{masharin2022polaron}.

To demonstrate that, we calculated the matrix elements of the exciton-exciton interaction, and Pauli factors responsible for the quenching of the Rabi splitting which govern the nonlinear optical response.
The resulting blueshift of the lower polariton mode can be represented in form of the series in terms of the polariton density $n_{Lk}$ \cite{combescot2008many,emmanuele2020highly}.
Keeping only the terms linear and quadratic in $n_{Lk}$ one gets:
\begin{align}
    \label{eq:Epoltot}
    \Delta E_{LP}(k_x, n_{Lk}) \approx U (k_x)  n_{Lk} -  U_2 (k_x)  n_{Lk}^2 +\hat{O} (n_{Lk}^3),
\end{align}
where the expansion coefficients read \cite{emmanuele2020highly,masharin2022polaron}:
\begin{align}
    \label{eq:U}
    U (k_x) \approx
    \frac{V_{XX}}{2} |X_k|^4

    + g_0 s |X_k|^2 (X_k^* C_k + X_k C_k^*)
    := U_{XX}(k_x) + U_{\rm sat} (k_x),
\end{align}
\begin{align}
    \label{eq:U2}
    U_2 (k_x) \approx
    |V_{XX2}| |X_k|^6

    + g_0 |s_2| |X_k|^4 (X_k^* C_k + X_k C_k^*)
    := U_{XX2}(k_x) + U_{\rm sat 2} (k_x),
\end{align}
Each of the terms represents the sum of the contributions stemming from the exciton-exciton scattering and renormalization of the Rabi spltiinng, the latter being governed by the saturation rates $s$, $s_2$. The explicit expressions for the corresponding parameters are given in \blue{SM}.
Due to the hydrogen-type shape of the excitonic wave function, the saturation factors can be computed analytically, as $s = 7\pi a_B^3 $, $s_2 = - 253 \pi^2 a_B^6 /4$.
The calculated values of the exciton-exciton Coulomb scattering matrix elements are $V_{XX} = 0.022$ $\mu$eV$\cdot \mu$m$^3$, $V_{XX2} = -1.1 \cdot 10^{-9}$ $\mu$eV$\cdot \mu$m$^6$.

In order to determine the dependence of the polariton  density on the intensity of a resonant pump in nonlinear experiments, we use the input-output formalism.
In the mean field approximation, the polariton density can be written as the square of the absolute cvalue of the coherent lower polariton field, $n_{Lk} = |\bar{p}_k|^2$, where
$\bar{p}_k = \langle \hat{p}_{Lk} \rangle$, with $\hat{p}_{Lk}$ being the lower polariton annihilation operator.

The dynamic equation for $\bar{p}_k$ reads:
\begin{align}
    \label{eq:pdyn}
    \hbar \dot{\bar{p}}_k = & - i E_{LP} (k_x) \bar{p}_k
    - \frac{ \gamma_{L}(k_x) + \gamma^\prime}{2} \bar{p}_k
    -|X_k|^4 \gamma_2 |\bar{p}_k|^2 \bar{p}_k
    -  2 i U(k_x)|\bar{p}_k|^2 \bar{p}_k
    +  3 i U_2(k_x) |\bar{p}_k|^4 \bar{p}_k
    +
    \sqrt{\frac{\gamma_L (k_x)}{2} } a_0 e^{-t^2/(2\tau_p^2)} e^{-i \omega_Lt},
\end{align}
where $\gamma_L (k_x)$ [$\gamma^\prime$] are radiative [non-radiative] decay rates of the lower polariton branch, $\tau_p$ is the pulse duration, $\omega_L$ is the pump frequency.
$a_0$ is the
square root of the number of photons passing through the structure per unit time per unit
area, which is related to the peak incident power density as $a_0 = \sqrt{F/(\omega_{LP} \tau_p L_C )}$, with $F$ being the pump fluence, and $L_C =0.3$ $\mu$m the thickness of the sample.
We found the ratio $\gamma_L (k_x) / [\gamma_L (k_x) + \gamma^\prime] \approx 0.15$ in a wide range of the values of $k_x$.
The parameter $\gamma_2 $ is the exciton-exciton annihilation rate, defined by collisional broadening \cite{ciuti1998role}.
We numerically simulate the Eq.~\eqref{eq:pdyn} and assume that the optical response is collected at maximal density, $n_{Lk} = n_{Lk}(t)|_{\rm max}$.
The exciton-exciton annihilation rate is treated as fitting parameter and chosen as  $\gamma_2 = 1.5 V_{XX}$.

The developed theory allowed us to fit the experimental values of the blueshift as functions of the fluence.
The contributions of both exciton-exciton interaction and absorption saturation were accounted for and are both determined by excitonic fraction in a lower polariton, which varies with the in-plane wave vector $k_x$.
This fact explains the wave-vector dependence of the nonlinear blueshift, shown in Fig.~\ref{fig3}.

The trend towards the saturation of the blueshift with increase of the fluence, clearly visible in Fig.~\ref{fig3}b can stem from the quadratic in density terms, which have the sign opposite to the linear terms and thus describe the redshift contribution [see Eqs.\eqref{eq:Epoltot}, \eqref{eq:U2}].
However, our estimation showed that in such mechanism the blueshift saturation effects should become visible only for the fluences $F> 1000 $ $\mu$J/cm$^2$.

We therefore attribute the sublinear fluence dependence of polariton blueshift in our case shown in Fig.~\ref{fig3}a primarily to the exciton-exciton annihilation, which limits the increase of the polariton density with pump fluence.
It was found earlier and confirmed by our experiments, that MAPbBr$_3$ films can support further increase of fluence up to $F\sim 10^4$ $\mu$J/cm$^2$ without irreversible changes in a sample  \cite{liu2017organic,wang2019flexible}, and allow to reach up to  $10^{19}$ cm$^{-3}$ of polariton density \cite{richter2016enhancing}.
In our experiment, the maximum observable mode blueshift of $\approx 6$~meV is limited by the spectral linewidth of femtosecond laser radiation ($\approx 14$~meV). For larger blueshifts, the overlap between the spectral profile of the polariton mode (with the linewidth of $\approx 15$~meV) and the accessible spectral range defined by the spectrum of the pulse becomes insufficient, which makes the extraction of the blueshifted mode position inaccurate.
We therefore theoretically simulate this hypothetical regime and find that one can expect blueshift as large as 19 meV [see Fig.~\ref{fig3}b], similar to that observed in Ref. \cite{masharin2022polaron} for MAPbI$_3$ at cryogenic temperatures.

The relative impact of the the two components of nonlinearity is presented in the inset of Fig.~\ref{fig3}b.
Notably, the contribution stemming from the quench of the Rabi splitting is quite large and comparable with the contribution coming from exciton-exciton scattering.
This situation is quite unusual and is due to the large value of light-matter coupling $g_0 \sim 50$ meV.

\section*{Conclusion}

We demonstrated the robust polariton nonlinear response in MAPbBr$_3$ hybrid perovskites at room temperature.
For this purpose, using the nanoimprint lithography, we have fabricated MAPbBr$_3$-based photonic crystal slab cavity supporting strong exciton-photon coupling in a wide temperature range. By fitting the polariton dispersions we demonstrated the substantial variation of the exciton transition energy with temperature, which is a fingerprint of the polaron effects in the studied system.
These effects are responsible for the stability of the excitons at room temperatures and the enhancement of the optical nonlinearity, detected as the blueshift of the lower polariton line under resonant femtosecond pump.
We developed the corresponding theoretical model, and demonstrated that the contribution associated with the phase space filling effects can be comparable and even exceed the one provided by exciton-exciton scattering. Predicted values of the blueshift achievable in MAPbBr$_3$ at room-temperature exceed 20 meV, which can provide good means for the realization of high-contrast optically-induced polaritonic potentials for study of the interacting polariton fluids, and their applications in optical analogue simulators.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Python bindings to the OpenStack Network API
============================================

In order to use the python quantum client directly, you must first obtain an auth token and identify which endpoint you wish to speak to. Once you have done so, you can use the API like so::

    >>> import logging
    >>> from quantumclient.quantum import client
    >>> logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
    >>> quantum = client.Client('2.0', endpoint_url=OS_URL, token=OS_TOKEN)
    >>> quantum.format = 'json'
    >>> network = {'name': 'mynetwork', 'admin_state_up': True}
    >>> quantum.create_network({'network':network})
    >>> networks = quantum.list_networks(name='mynetwork')
    >>> print networks
    >>> network_id = networks['networks'][0]['id']
    >>> quantum.delete_network(network_id)

Command-line Tool
=================
In order to use the CLI, you must provide your OpenStack username, password, tenant, and auth endpoint. Use the corresponding configuration options (``--os-username``, ``--os-password``, ``--os-tenant-name``, and ``--os-auth-url``) or set them in environment variables::

    export OS_USERNAME=user
    export OS_PASSWORD=pass
    export OS_TENANT_NAME=tenant
    export OS_AUTH_URL=http://auth.example.com:5000/v2.0

The command line tool will attempt to reauthenticate using your provided credentials for every request. You can override this behavior by manually supplying an auth token using ``--os-url`` and ``--os-auth-token``. You can alternatively set these environment variables::

    export OS_URL=http://quantum.example.org:9696/
    export OS_TOKEN=3bcc3d3a03f44e3d8377f9247b0ad155

If quantum server does not require authentication, besides these two arguments or environment variables (We can use any value as token.), we need manually supply ``--os-auth-strategy`` or set the environment variable::

    export OS_AUTH_STRATEGY=noauth

Once you've configured your authentication parameters, you can run ``quantum -h`` to see a complete listing of available commands.

Release Notes
=============

2.0
-----
* support Quantum API 2.0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home Industry News Fiat Chrysler proposes 50/50 merger with Renault
Fiat Chrysler proposes 50/50 merger with Renault
Fiat Chrysler has delivered a non-binding letter to Renault to propose a combination of the respective businesses as a 50/50 merger.
The Fiat Chrysler proposal follows initial operational discussions between the two companies to identify products and geographies where they could collaborate, particularly as they develop and commercialise new technologies.
The discussions made clear that broader collaboration through a combination would substantially improve capital efficiency and the speed of product development.
The case for the merger is also strengthened by the need to take bold decisions to capture at scale the opportunities created by the transformation of the automotive industry in areas such as connectivity, electrification, and autonomous driving.
The proposed combination would create a global automaker, preeminent in terms of revenue, volumes, profitability and technology, benefiting the companies' respective shareholders and stakeholders.
The benefits of the proposed transaction are not predicated on plant closures, but would be achieved through more capital investment in common global vehicle platforms, architectures, powertrains, and technologies.
Renault Automotive Industry Mergers and Acquisitions Fiat Featured

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Murder by Gaslight: Slaughter Ends a Wedding Feast.
Trinidad Romer was a wealthy, young Mexican living in Douglasville, Texas, a few miles southwest of Abilene. He was in love with the daughter Julius Larinski, a Polish settler, but her affections were fixed on another man. Miss Larinski was enamored with Nathan Sorowski, another Polish immigrant, who had little to offer other than his love.
Mr. Larinski preferred the wealthy Mexican and told Romer that if he could arrange to put Sorowski out of the way, he would give him his daughter's hand in marriage. Not long after this, Nathan Sorowski disappeared from Douglasville without a trace.
Trinidad Romer married Miss Larinski on November 11, 1893. The ceremony was followed by a sumptuous feast at which Romer became quite intoxicated. He began to loudly boast of killing Nathan Sorowsky with the help of Julius Larinski. This changed the mood of the celebration and so enraged the bride that she attacked her husband and attempted to cut his throat with a butcher knife. She was prevented by her father, but now believing that they were all in league against her, she turned the knife on herself, slashing her throat from ear to ear. Shocked and enraged by his daughter's death, Julius Larinski put the blame on the groom. He grabbed his shotgun and emptied both barrels into Trinidad Romer.
The entire tragedy could easily have been averted; Nathan Sorowski had not been murdered. Romer had sent him on a wild goose chase. About a month before the wedding Romer had hired Sorowski to travel to Eddy, New Mexico and see a man about a projected cattle deal. When he reached his destination, he learned that no one had ever heard of the man he was looking for. He returned to Douglasville, arriving the day after the wedding.
"His Own Life," The Cincinnati Enquirer, November 13, 1893.
"Slaughter Ends a Wedding Feast," National Police Gazette, December 2, 1893.
My friends would say something like "Nice wedding and interesting games" That's kinda joking about crazy things which can happen when you don't expect. My wedding seemed to be boring in comparison to everything happened during this event! We used some cool wedding games, so we couldn't say "interesting games" in sarcastic way! All the wedding was a huge surprise for us because my sister offered to prepare everything for us. So we come into the fairy tale without knowing it.


text:
Google Fiber begins lighting up customers in Provo
Nov 13, 2013 12:21pm
Google Fiber (Nasdaq: GOOG), according to a Twitter post, is installing its fiber-based Internet and video service in Provo, Utah.
Under the terms of the agreement it made with the city, the Internet search giant agreed to buy the struggling iProvo fiber network and update the existing network to deliver 1 Gbps speeds to residential customers for $70 a month.
Residents also have the option to get a free 5 Mbps service if they are willing to pay a one-time $30 activation fee. The service provider said eligible customers will be able to get the service for up to 7 years.
Customers in the Kansas City market have to shell out a $300 activation fee.
In addition, Google will provide the Gbps service for free to 25 "local public institutions" such as schools, hospitals and libraries.
The service provider said in August that it would have its first customers connected to the network before the end of the year.
- The Verge has this article
Editor's Corner: Has Google Fiber set the pace for 1 Gig FTTH pricing?
Overland Park, Kan., waves yellow flag at Google Fiber
Google Fiber plots Provo 1 Gbps service plans
Google Fiber halts Overland Park, Kan. rollout plans
Google Fiber to begin taking orders from Comcast Provo subscribers in January


Java language is a general-purpose programming language. It can be used to develop software for mobile devices, browser-run applets, games, as well as desktop, enterprise (server-side), and scientific applications.
Java platform consists of Java virtual machine (JVM) responsible for hardware abstraction, and a set of libraries that gives Java a rich foundation.
Java tools include the Java compiler as well as various other helper applications that are used for day-to-day development (e.g. debugger).
Everything in Java is coded using OO principles. This facilitates code modularization, reusability, testability, and performance.
Java source is complied into platform-independent bytecode, which is then interpreted (compiled into native-code) at runtime. Java's slogan is "Write Once, Run Everywhere"
Java has a familiar syntax, automatic memory management, exception handling, single inheritance, standardized documentation, and a very rich set of libraries (no need to reinvent the wheel).
Due to its support for strong type checking, exception handling, and memory management, Java is immune to buffer- overruns, leaked memory, illegal data access. Additionally, Java comes with a Security Manager that provides a sand-box execution model.
Thanks to its overall design, Java is scalable both in terms of performance/throughput, and as a development environment. A single user can play a Java game on a mobile phone, or millions of users can shop though a Java-based e-commerce enterprise application.
With its HotSpot Just-in-Time compiler, Java can achieve (or exceed) performance of native applications. Java supports multi-threaded development out-of-the-box.
Java can load application components at run-time even if it knows nothing about them. Each class has a run-time representation.
Java comes with support for networking, as well as for invoking methods on remote (distributed) objects through RMI.
Embedded devices based on Java: set-top boxes, printers, web cams, games, car navigation systems, lottery terminals, medical devices, parking payment stations, etc.


text:
Articles by Jan Schaffer
Jan Schaffer, is executive director of J-Lab: The Institute for Interactive Journalism at the American University School of Communication. Previously, she was business editor and a Pulitzer Prize winner at The Philadelphia Inquirer.
@janjlab
Also see results from other Nieman sites
Nieman Foundation 0
Nieman Reports 4
Nieman Storyboard 0
Journalism as relationship building
"By reaching out with targeted calls for information and keeping the conversation going, these journalists created stories that were deeply informed by their audiences — and that wouldn't have happened without those interchanges."
If audience engagement is the goal, it's time to look back at the successes of civic journalism for answers
"Simply put: civic journalism worked. Readers and viewers got it. We learned that if you deliberately build in simple ways for people to participate — in community problems or elections — many will engage."
Lost in the gloom, an entrepreneurial boom
"Let's stop the handwringing about losses in legacy journalism and work on creating and growing the next acts in media."
In New Orleans, public radio, local startups, and more are teaming up for the news
"When you start creating more local content, the audience expects that content to be better."
In New Jersey, a university teams up with local news orgs to collaborate for impact
Montclair State's Center for Cooperative Media is betting there are returns on getting newspapers, broadcasters, bloggers, and wire services all in the same building.
In St. Louis, two news organizations are navigating the tricky path to a merger
The St. Louis Beacon is one of the nation's most prominent local news nonprofits. St. Louis Public Radio has a substantial audience. What can they do together?
With a coming void in Oregon's news ecosystem, public broadcasting's trying to build a new kind of state wire
Can Oregon Public Broadcasting, working with local newspapers, TV and radio stations, and bloggers, make a substantial state news report in the face of cutbacks elsewhere?
A new kind of activist journalism: When finding solutions are part of journalists' job, too
The executive director of J-Lab says it's time for news to move from a commodity to a catalyst for empowering citizens.
Journalism schools as startup accelerators
"The opportunities are wide open for connecting silos of information in communities, amplifying good stories that people want to know about and for leveraging resources so that the sum of the efforts is bigger than the individual contributions."
Schaffer, Jan. "Journalism schools as startup accelerators." Nieman Journalism Lab. Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard, 19 Dec. 2012. Web. 15 Jul. 2019.
Schaffer, J. (2012, Dec. 19). Journalism schools as startup accelerators. Nieman Journalism Lab. Retrieved July 15, 2019, from https://www.niemanlab.org/2012/12/journalism-schools-as-startup-accelerators/
Schaffer, Jan. "Journalism schools as startup accelerators." Nieman Journalism Lab. Last modified December 19, 2012. Accessed July 15, 2019. https://www.niemanlab.org/2012/12/journalism-schools-as-startup-accelerators/.
| url = https://www.niemanlab.org/2012/12/journalism-schools-as-startup-accelerators/
| title = Journalism schools as startup accelerators
| last = Schaffer
| first = Jan
| date = 19 December 2012
| ref = {{harvid|Schaffer|2012}}


text:
This is why Apple had to skip the new Macbook Pro launch in WWDC '21
We've come up with a handful of theories as to why the new MacBook Pros didn't turn up, based on our research. In addition, we will discuss the laptop's estimated release date and specifications.
90 Views10 Jun 2021, 04:02 PM
Kajol Aikat
Strong statements about the debut of the MacBook Pro M1X were made ahead of WWDC 2021. However, Apple didn't make any hardware announcements in this year's keynote, which has reignited speculation over when the MacBook Pro M1X will be released.
In November of last year, Apple unveiled the 13-inch MacBook Pro M1 alongside the MacBook Air M1. Since then, rumours have circulated concerning the introduction of a redesigned MacBook Pro with new Apple silicon. According to a few tech analysts, the MacBook Pro was supposed to debut at the WWDC in 2021. However, that didn't happen.
We've come up with a handful of theories as to why the new MacBook Pros didn't turn up, based on our research. In addition, we will discuss the laptop's estimated release date and specifications. So, without further ado, let's get right into the meat of the piece.
Despite the fact that WWDC is primarily a developer conference, Apple has used it in the past to announce hardware goods. As a result, the release of the new MacBook Pros was not out of the question.
At WWDC 2021, the MacBook Pro M1X was expected to be phased out. Mark Gurman and Ming-Chi Kuo, among others, have speculated that the launch will take place on June 7. This was confirmed by Jon Prosser, who indicated in a tweet that a MacBook Pro was on the way.
Although WWDC is primarily a developer conference, Apple has used it in the past to announce hardware goods. As a result, the release of the new MacBook Pros was not out of the question. Many theories have been proposed as to why Apple did not announce the MacBook Pro M1X. Because Apple has lately unveiled a slew of M1-powered gadgets, we assume Apple intended to keep the product for the future.
The delay could be owing to the COVID-19 outbreak, which has wreaked havoc on semiconductor production plants all around the world. As a result of the ongoing crisis, there is a huge chip scarcity all across the world. As a result, it's reasonable to believe that Apple was similarly hurt by the chip shortage.
Apple is also rumoured to be still working on M1X chipsets for the MacBook Pro 14 and MacBook Pro 16. Renders of the MacBook Pro M1X have also just appeared online. According to the renderings, the new MacPro will have thinner bezels. It will also be available with a square edge design, comparable to the iPhone 12 and the updated iPad Pro. Tipsters suggest that the launch-that-didn't-happen in the WWDC might just happen somewhere around the year-end when Apple gears up to launch its 2021-22 product line for all of its devices.
https://techgig.com/generateHttpWebService-v2.php?tgtype=SAVE_NEWS_READ_LOGS&news_id=83398566&news_title=This is why Apple had to skip the new Macbook Pro launch in WWDC '21&news_sec=Technology&tags=wwdc 2021, product, macbook, computer, apple, &news_url=https://content.techgig.com/this-is-why-apple-had-to-skip-the-new-macbook-pro-launch-in-wwdc-21/articleshow/83398566.cms&ppuserinfo=
wwdc 2021productmacbookcomputerapple
Python predicted to take first spot on new TIOBE index
10 Jun 2021, 03:31 PMView Detail
Next Story: Python predicted to take first spot on new TIOBE index
Next Story: IIT Madras researchers to develop indigenous software to monitor maritime traffic
Next Story: Apple is bringing FaceTime to Android and Windows platform
Next Story: Qualcomm introduces seven new IoT processors with Wi-Fi 6 and 5G connectivity
Next Story: Jio partners with Google to bring a super-affordable 4G phone
Next Story: How DevOps can impact jobs like Analysts and Quality Auditors
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1This is why Apple had to skip the new Macbook Pro launch in WWDC '21
2Python predicted to take first spot on new TIOBE index
3IIT Madras researchers to develop indigenous software to monitor maritime traffic
4Apple is bringing FaceTime to Android and Windows platform
5Qualcomm introduces seven new IoT processors with Wi-Fi 6 and 5G connectivity
6Jio partners with Google to bring a super-affordable 4G phone
7How DevOps can impact jobs like Analysts and Quality Auditors
8Billions of passwords leaked online, causing security concerns for users
9IT employees in Telangana to be fully vaccinated by October
10WhatsApp to introduce Flash Calls feature for Android


text:
100 years ago: Kenneth Milo Cole enlisted
On this day in 1915, Kenneth Milo Cole enlisted for the first time in Belleville. He was discharged as underage on April 3rd, 1916 (he was sixteen but had claimed to be eighteen when he signed up). He enlisted again on December 8th, 1916 in Napanee. At this point he was still only seventeen: he was born in Deseronto on June 8th, 1899, the son of Milo Cole and Bertha (née Pringle). His father was a baker and Kenneth gave his occupation as "baker's assistant" on his first attestation form.
Cole was described as five feet three inches tall, with a dark complexion, blue eyes and black hair. He joined the 254th Battalion with the regimental number 1093109. His service record shows that he arrived in England on the RMS Olympic on June 9th, 1917 and was attached to the 6th Reserve Battalion in Seaford. He was admitted to hospital in December 1917 suffering from chronic orchitis. This was caused by a bicycle accident before he enlisted, where he ran into an animal (variously described in his file as a pig or a cow) in the dark.
Kenneth was sent home to Canada as unfit for further service, sailing from Liverpool on February 16th, 1918 on HMHS Llandovery Castle. Once back in Canada, Cole was treated for infections in military hospitals in Toronto. He was finally discharged from the army on December 6th, 1918, classed as medically unfit.
Kenneth married Minnie Irene Phillips on June 25th, 1920 in Toronto. In 1921 the couple were living with Minnie's parents in Robbins Street, Madoc.


text:
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Ask for several offers from loved Saranac, New York car insurance agents for the most savings.
About : We provide all types of insurance.
Are you covered in the event of a HIPPA breach? How about Personal Identifying Information that is lost or stolen? Hackers? Extortionists? Misplaced laptops? Contact us about a Cyber Liability Policy!.
Water claims - If you have water damage to your property, it is VERY important to have "Professional Mold Remediation" done. This will help prevent mold in the future and help when getting future insurance quotes.
Have health insurance questions? Call us 518-561-6100.
Fender bender? Major crash? Take a breath and follow these steps. http:\/\/j.mp\/1WESk5N.
These are the 5 deadliest plants in your garden for your pets. Do you know of any others? http:\/\/j.mp\/25qiRZ6.


Two friends are driving from Liverpool's Alder Hey Hospital to Monte Carlo and back, in a bid to raise money for the medical facility's bereavement centre.
Mike Larsen and Jason Adams are embarking on the epic nine-day trek in May. It will take them through 10 countries as a part of the 'Bust Rallies' campaign which encourages people to drive an old 'banger' across Europe in a Top Gear-style journey. They are calling their bid 'Monte Carlo or Bust'.
At the moment, the Wirral friends are asking for sponsorship through their Justgiving page, and have so far received welcome backing. They have even had the car which they will be using for the trip donated to them by retired mechanic, Kenny Harrison, and his business partner.
The official event starts in Belgium, however both men decided to take the project one step further and begin the journey at the hospital which inspired them to embark on the drive.
Mike will be blogging through out their trip, to keep all supporters up to date with where they are, and what they are doing.
Although their first fundraising target is £1,000, Mike said that their dream would be to exceed £10,000 in donations, as the cause is so special to them both.


text:
Game Abyss The Sims 2
The Sims 2 is the fourth title in The Sims console series. The Sims 2 was released for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, Nintendo GameCube, Nintendo DS, Game Boy Advance, PSP, and mobile phones in the fourth quarter of 2005. The console versions include a story and gameplay similar to previous versions of the game, while the DS, PSP, and GBA contain their own storylines. This game lets the player control the Sims directly rather than through point and click movement, which had mixed reactions from fans. The game also carries many things over from The Sims 2 on PC, such as wants, but does not carry over the aging aspect. The game progresses much like the other console Sims games: the Sim is given a number of objectives to complete while advancing in their career, and they move from house to house as objectives are completed and the player advances in the story. While the objective in previous console games like Bustin' Out were more career-oriented, the objectives in The Sims 2 do not focus on advancing in a career, but the goals to be completed are more aspirational, like buying better stuff, improving a skill, or beating a bully Sim at foosball. Unlike other games, the player controls the Sims directly with the analogue stick, rather than moving them using the point and click to queue up actions. This gives The Sims 2's gameplay significantly more interactivity and enables the player to control their Sims similarly to an adventure or role-playing game. The option to play using traditional Sims controls is still there, but the third-person control option allows for greater immersion currently exclusive to The Sims 2 console series.
ESRB: T - Teen
Play Modes: Coop
Platforms: Nintendo Game Boy Advance Microsoft Xbox Nintendo GameCube Sony Playstation 2 Game Boy Advance Mac PlayStation Portable PlayStation 2 GameCube Xbox Nintendo DS PC Genesis
Genres: Life Simulation Strategy Simulation
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Koru - (new fern frond opening) represents strength, growth and new life or beginnings.
Peter is NZ born of European-Maori-Pitcairn Island descent.
Bone carving is a traditional NZ Maori craft and it is on this culture that his contemporary designs are based. Fishing is an important part of Maori culture, and this is reflected in his carvings depicting dolphins, whales tails and fishhooks.
Another key element in many designs is the Koru, which is designed from the new fern frond as it opens. His carvings are made from beef (bovine) bone and whale bone and have been featured in Galleries, Museums and quality Souvenir outlets throughout New Zealand for 22 years. He has also had his work exhibited in the UK where he exhibited in National Trust Galleries.


text:
\section{Pair-correlation images and I(R) curves}
We now turn to describing the effect of the echo sequence on the spatial pair-correlation functions and the Rydberg-atom-counting statistics. The pair correlation images measured for $\Delta = 0$~MHz are shown in the top row of Fig.~\ref{fig:paircorr_all}(a). When $\tau_{\rm{p}}$ is increased from 0 or decreased from $T$ towards $T/2$, the pair correlation image clearly develops an enhancement ring with a radius of about $10~\mu$m. Visual inspection of the images in Fig.~\ref{fig:paircorr_all}(a) shows that the enhancement ring reaches maximal  contrast for $\tau_{\rm{p}}=T/2=125$~ns. For the case $\Delta=2 \pi \times 4$~MHz (bottom row of Fig.~\ref{fig:paircorr_all}(a)), the pair correlation is maximally enhanced at a radius near 10~$\mu$m when $\tau_{\rm{p}}=0$ or $\tau_{\rm{p}}=T$, while it becomes washed out when $\tau_{\rm{p}}$ approaches $T/2$. A pair-correlation signal at very short distances (about 3~$\mu$m) is an artifact caused by ion feedback from the TIP; field electrons impacting on the TIP release a secondary ion that impacts the MCP close to the primary (Rb$^+$) ion~\citep{thaicharoen_atom-pair_2016}. In our quantitative analysis below, we employ the angular integrals $I(R)$ of the pair correlation images. We show the $I(R)$ curves in Fig.~\ref{fig:paircorr_all}(b) for the case $\Delta = 0$, and in Fig.~\ref{fig:paircorr_all}(c) for the case $\Delta=2 \pi \times 4$~MHz.

In the explanation of the pair correlation data and the strength of the correlation enhancement, we concentrate on the case $\tau_{\rm{p}} = T/2$ and refer to Fig.~\ref{fig:timing}. The two-photon Rabi frequency ($\Omega=2\pi\times1.67$~MHz) is high enough that many excitation domains within the sample carry one Rydberg excitation (state $\ket{r}$) after the first phase of the excitation pulse ({\sl{i.e.}}, at time $\tau_{\rm{p}}$; isolated atom in Fig.~1(c)). However, due to the bandwidth of the excitation pulse, some excitation domains become populated with a Rydberg-excitation pair (state $\ket{2r}$) via a two-photon process. The doubly-excited domains have an energy level shift $\Delta_{\rm{vdW}}$ from the drive field due to the van der Waals interaction (atom pairs in Fig.~\ref{fig:timing}(c)). The atom populations after flipping the phase and completing the excitation pulse are illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:timing}(c), at time labels 3. For the case $\Delta = 0$, domains in the state $\ket{r}$ are de-excited back to the $\ket{g}$-state. However, the domains in excited state $\ket{2r}$ are off-resonant, leaving them with some probability in $\ket{2r}$ after completion of the echo sequence. In effect, after the sequence we expect to find a relative over-abundance of paired atoms, at a correlation distance slightly smaller than the blockade radius. The experimental data support this scenario. The opposite behavior is observed in the case $\Delta = 2\pi \times 4$~MHz. In that case, domains in the state $\ket{2r}$ undergo an echo (for $\tau_{\rm{p}}=T/2$) and are de-excited back to the $\ket{g}$-state. This leaves an abundance of isolated Rydberg atoms in the state $\ket{r}$ after the echo sequence, with a reduced degree of correlation.

For a more quantitative analysis of the data, from the $I(R)$ curves we obtain peak values $I_{\rm{max}}$ and radii $R_{\rm{max}}$ of maximal correlation enhancement, determined by the local parabolic fits to the maxima near $R = 10~\mu$m. We calculate $S$, the strength of the correlation enhancement of a pair correlation function, as:
\begin{equation}
S = (I_{\rm{max}} - \langle I \rangle)/\langle I \rangle\quad.
\end{equation}
We determine the asymptotic values $\langle I \rangle$ by taking the average of $I(R)$ over the range 20~$\mu$m $< R <60~\mu$m.
Figure~\ref{fig:visibility} shows the dependence of the pair enhancements $S$ and the radii $R_{\rm{max}}$ on $\tau_{\rm{p}}$; panels (a) and (b) show the cases $\Delta = 0$~MHz and $\Delta = 2 \pi \times 4$~MHz, respectively.
As anticipated from Fig.~\ref{fig:paircorr_all}, we see in Fig.~\ref{fig:visibility}(a) and Fig.~\ref{fig:visibility}(b) that the curves $S(\tau_{\rm{p}})$ exhibit pronounced maxima at $\tau_{\rm{p}}=T/2$, in the case $\Delta = 0$, and at $\tau_{\rm{p}} = 0$ and $T$, in the case $\Delta = 2\pi \times 4$~MHz. Thus, the curves $S(\tau_{\rm{p}})$ for the cases $\Delta = 0$ and $2\pi \times 4$~MHz exhibit opposite trends. Close inspection of the $I(R)$ curves in Figs.~\ref{fig:paircorr_all}(b-c) also shows that the FWHM of the enhancement peak decreases when the $I_{\rm{max}}$ increases.

Figures~\ref{fig:visibility}(a) and Fig.~\ref{fig:visibility}(b) reveal an additional subtle trend. In both the $\Delta = 0$~MHz and the $\Delta = 2 \pi \times 4$~MHz cases, the values for $R_{\rm{max}}$ are smaller for larger values of $S$. The relationship between $R_{\rm{max}}$ and $S$ is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:visibility}(c). It is clearly seen that the pair correlation enhancement $S$ increases from near zero to $\sim 0.8$ as the radius of maximal correlation diminishes from $\sim 13~\mu$m to $\sim 8 ~\mu$m. The underlying reason for this behavior is that large correlation enhancement $S$ corresponds to strong van der Waals interaction, $C_{6}/R^{6}$; hence a large $S$ corresponds to a small $R$, regardless of the exact excitation conditions. This physical connection is explicitly expressed in Fig.~\ref{fig:visibility}(c). It is noteworthy that the $S(R_{\rm{max}})$ dependencies extracted from the $\Delta = 0$ and the $\Delta = 2 \pi \times 4$~MHz measurements agree very well in Fig.~\ref{fig:visibility}(c) within their overlap region $9~\mu$m $<R_{\rm{max}}<10~\mu$m.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{fig4.eps}
\caption{Pair correlation enhancement, $S$ (red squares and blue circles) and $R_{\rm{max}}$ (gray hollow squares and gray hollow circles) as a function of $\tau_{\rm{p}}$ for (a) $\Delta=0$~MHz and (b) $\Delta=2 \pi \times 4$~MHz, respectively. (c) Pair correlation enhancement $S$ versus $R_{\rm{max}}$ for both cases (a) and (b).}
\label{fig:visibility}
\end{figure}

We have established that the echo excitation sequence has a profound effect on spatial correlations in cold Rydberg-atom samples. We expect a complementary effect in the Rydberg excitation counting statistics, which should also carry signatures of the correlations in the system. A common measure to characterize counting-statistics is the Mandel $Q$-parameter~\citep{liebisch_atom_2005, ates_strong_2006, schempp_full_2014, malossi_full_2014}, which is calculated from
\begin{equation}
Q=\frac{\left<n(\tau_{\rm{p}})^{2}\right>-\left<n(\tau_{\rm{p}})\right>^{2}}{\left<n(\tau_{\rm{p}})\right>}-1\quad.
\label{eq:qvalue}
\end{equation}
Figure~\ref{fig:Qvalue} shows the $Q$-parameters as a function of $\tau_{\rm{p}}$. The plotted values do not take the detection efficiency $\eta$ into account; the actual $Q$-parameters in the sample are given by $Q/\eta$. The Q-parameters observed for $\Delta=0$~MHz are mostly negative, ranging from  -0.10 to 0.02, while the ones for $\Delta=2 \pi \times 4$~MHz are positive, ranging from 0.03 to 0.25. This shows that for $\Delta=0$ and $\tau_{\rm{p}}\sim 0$ and $\sim T$ the atoms largely follow sub-Poissonian statistics ($Q<0$), while for $\Delta=2\pi \times 4$~MHz and $\tau_{\rm{p}}=0$ and $T$ they follow super-Poissonian statistics ($Q>0$).

In the following we explain the trends observed in our Q-value measurements. The Q-parameters for systems containing mostly pair-excitations are expected to trend toward positive values~\citep{wuster_correlations_2010, heeg_hybrid_2012}, indicating super-Poissonian distributions.  This effect is demonstrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:Qvalue}, in which the Q-parameters reach high values when pair excitations are dominant. This is the case for $\tau_{\rm{p}}=125$~ns at $\Delta=0$~MHz, and $\tau_{\rm{p}}=0$ and 250~ns at $\Delta=2 \pi \times 4$~MHz. These cases correspond to the images with bold borders in Fig.~\ref{fig:paircorr_all} (a).

For a qualitative explanation of why ensembles of correlated Rydberg-atom pairs lead to super-Poissonian statistics, we consider a Poissonian distribution of atom pairs ($Q_{\rm{pair}}=0$). Since every pair contains two atoms, we substitute $n=2n_{\rm{pair}}$ into Eq.~\ref{eq:qvalue}. The relation between $Q_{\rm{pair}}$ and the Q-value for single-atom detections, $Q_{\rm{single}}$, is seen to be
\begin{equation}
Q=Q_{\rm single}=2Q_{\rm pair}+1\quad.
\end{equation}

Hence, a Poissonian distribution of uncorrelated Rydberg-atom pairs ($Q_{\rm pair}=0$) results in a super-Poissonian distribution of single-atom detections ($Q_{\rm single}=1$). Considering that the detection efficiency is $\eta \sim 0.3$, we expect a measured $Q \sim 0.3$, which is close to the value shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:Qvalue}(b) at $\tau_{\rm{p}}=0$ and $T$.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.94\linewidth]{fig5.eps}
\caption{Mandel Q-parameter as a function of $\tau_{\rm{p}}$ for (a) $\Delta=0$~MHz and (b) $\Delta=2 \pi \times 4$~MHz.}
\label{fig:Qvalue}
\end{figure}

In summary we have measured the effect of the rotary echo on spatial pair correlation functions and counting statistics of Rydberg atoms for on- and off-resonant excitations. The measurements exhibit a fundamental connection between spatial correlations and counting statistics. The result also shows that it is possible to prepare correlated Rydberg atoms at a well-defined interatomic separation by using this method. This ability could be useful in atom kinetics experiments~\citep{thaicharoen_measurement_2015, thaicharoen_atom-pair_2016}. We believe that the pair correlation enhancement  afforded by the echo can be improved, in the future, by reducing the excitation bandwidth. Further, it would be interesting to explore the effect of the echo sequence in the case of anisotropic interaction potentials.

This work was supported by the NSF (PHY-1205559 and PHY-1506093) and the AFOSR (FA9550-10-1-0453).  N.T. acknowledges support from DPST of Thailand. We thank S. W\"uster for helpful discussions.\\

\noindent*nithi@umich.edu\\
$^{\dag}$Present address: zeroK NanoTech Corporation, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA

\bibstyle{apsrev4-1}


text:
Q: Javascript code does not execute while php redirect I have two PHP files.
index.php allows users to upload an image. The uploaded data is sent to another page i.e. upload.php, where I check certain conditions for example if the uploaded image is really an image and not some other file and if the image already exists on the server etc;
I want to see that my upload.php page redirects back to the index.php page in false conditions. I have seen many of the posts on redirecting, e.g., by using header, which I did. Well, It does redirect. However, there is some part of javascript code, which does not execute. I want to see that alert box on my upload.php page, which upon user interaction redirects to index.php.
Alert box does not appear at the moment, but the page does redirect
My question might be very trivial, but I am a PHP newbie.
index.php
<form action="upload.php" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    Select image to upload:
    <input type="file" name="fileToUpload" id="fileToUpload">
    <input type="submit" value="Upload Image" name="submit">
</form>

upload.php
$target_dir = "uploads/";
$file_name=basename($_FILES["fileToUpload"]["name"]);
$target_file = $target_dir . $file_name;
$uploadOk = 1;

if (file_exists($target_file)) {
    $uploadOk = 0;
    echo "<script language='javascript'>
            alert('Sorry, file already exists.Consider Renaming or upload new file');
            </script>";
    header("Location: http://xx.yyy.zz");
    exit;
}

A: You can replace the 'HTTP header redirect' with a redirection done in javascript.
Remove the code
header("Location: http://xx.yyy.zz");

And replace the echo command with
echo "<script language='javascript'>
        alert('Sorry, file already exists.Consider Renaming or upload new file');
        window.location = "http://xx.yyy.zz";
        </script>";

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Lose vs Loose: What's the Difference?
Stop listening to people telling you who you should be.
you're not good enough to do the things that you want to do.
Is it not tight or gone? loose tooth.
Lose vs. Loose: What's the Difference?
(2) not attached to anything.
She is loosening the tooth with her finger.
eg: The chickens run loose in the yard.
eg: He prefers to wear loose shirts.
Vegetables grow well in loose soil.
He carries loose change in his pocket.
We make loose leaf tea rather than using tea bags.
eg: He has a loose explanation, arrangement, agreement.
ESCAPE, RUN AWAYeg: The horse will break loose from its enclosure if it is not closed well.
HAVE NOTHING TO DOeg: He doesn't want to be at loose ends. He doesn't know where to go.
UNTRUSTWORTHY, UNPREDICTABLEeg: He was a loose cannon¹ on the battlefield.
ALLOW EMOTIONS TO ESCAPEeg: The wolf let loose a howl. / He picks up a guitar and lets loose.
HAVE NO CARES OR WORRIESeg: He is footloose and fancy-free.
UNTIEeg: Can you loosen this knot?
RELAX, RELEASE A LITTLEeg: The government loosened its hold on the protesters.
SPEAK MORE EASILYeg: A little alcohol loosened his tongue.
SPEND MORE EASILYeg: A better economy will allow people to loosen their wallets.
STRETCH MORE EASILYeg: A few warm-up exercises will loosen your muscles.
An expression is two or more words that combine to form a new meaning. That is, each word does not keep its literal meaning.
we are all the same color inside.
or we gradually have less of a particular attitude, quality, ability etc.
ALLOW TO ESCAPEeg:She will lose her dog if she doesn't close the gate.
MISS AN OPPORTUNTITYeg: We lost a chance to see him before he left.
STOP HAVING AN ABILITYeg: After he turned ninety, he lost his sight, hearing, voice, balance, sense of smell, etc.
STOP HAVING AN CONTROLeg: After he turned ninety, he lost his temper, his control, his mind, his head, his cool. He lost it.
STOP HAVING AN EMOTIONeg: He must not lose his confidence, interest, hope, respect, heart, self-esteem, etc.
STOP HAVING A SENSEeg: While walking in the forest, he lost his sense of direction, sense of time, etc. He lost his way.
STOP HAVING A SPECIAL SKILLeg: This food is terrible. The chef has lost his touch.
STOP HAVING ENOUGH TIMEeg: He lost time in the race because he had to repair a flat tire.
STOP KNOWING THE LOCATION OR WELL-BEINGeg: We lose track of friends after we move away. We lose touch with friends after we move away.
HAVE NO RISK, NO CHANCE OF LOSINGeg: Ask him for a raise. You have nothing to lose. He needs you.
STOP RECEIVING RESPECTeg: They settled the disagreement so that neither person would lose face.
DECREASES SLEEP WELL, INSOMNIAeg: He loses sleep because he worries.
eg: He will probably lose his keys.
lost (N)eg: The loss of his keys was a problem.


Think about a problem that is present in your school. Of course, it should be related to Sociology and it should be affective a large number of people. In this way you will make your classmates interested in your composition and you will make your professor proud. Even more, you might actually find a solution to this problem and improve the life of many students.
Write about something that affected you as a child. For example, if you were bullied you can discuss about this issue in your composition. You already have experience with this and you have the chance to help some of your classmates.
Go on Social Media. You spend a lot of time on the Internet, so you can use this time to work on your composition. Ask your online friends what problems they see around them; it might be discrimination or public shaming of victims. Either way, they can give you some good ideas that you can explore in your text.
Discuss with your professor. He is the one who knows what you can do and what you can't do, so why not ask him for advice? In the end, he has experience with many other students.
Watch the news. Yes, you've heard right. When you watch the news you can see what are the most common problems in the society. Starting from this, you can develop many interesting ideas; for sure some of them will be appropriate for your composition.
Ask an adult. You are a teenager and you don't have enough life experience. Ask your parent about what he is concerned the most; violence? Drugs? Crimes? You can work with these ideas and create something really interesting.


Powder Springs, GA – Daz Dillinger was reportedly indicted on two felony drug expenses following his 2018 arrest for marijuana possession. TMZ stories the indictment was formally filed final month for possessing over an oz. of pot and liquid THC, each of that are felonies within the state of Georgia.
He was initially going through 12 counts of possession of a managed substance and one depend of possession of a couple of ounce of marijuana, however evidently solely two of these caught.
If convicted, Tha Dogg Pound OG faces as much as 25 years in jail.
Daz Dillinger probably isn't laughing now. Only just a few days after blasting Kanye West and spouse Kim Kardashian on social media, Tha Dogg Pound rapper was reportedly arrested at his Georgia residence on Tuesday (September 25) following a drug raid.
According to TMZ, Daz was taken into custody after Atlanta police discovered 117 grams of marijuana inside his residence. He additionally had 10 THC pods, THC oil, a THC vaporizer and container in his residence studio labeled "Cannabis Lean," which is described as a grape drink laced with hashish.
As said on the Cobb County Sheriff's Office web site, Daz — actual title Delmar Arnaud — was booked into Cobb County Jail on 12 counts of possession of a managed substance and one depend of possession of a couple of ounce of marijuana. His bond is ready at roughly $16,000 and he's presently nonetheless in custody ready to see a decide.
It wasn't way back Daz was celebrating Suge Knight's current 28-year jail sentence as properly. Now, it seems to be prefer it's his flip to face a decide.


text:
Q: Using relative url in QT stylesheet I'm working with a qt project and want to set all the image files relative but I can't access the images using the usual parent url reference.
image:url('../sources/status/status.png');

I can however load the image using the image's absolute path.

A: It's better to use the Qt Resource System. The dependencies of your resources will be included with you executable file and then you don't have to share the folder tree.
You can use the resource url to set up the image in your QSS code.
Create resource with all your image, you can use the Qt Creator IDE to set up it easily. If you want you can add your own prefix to distinguish with the rest of the resources.
<!DOCTYPE RCC><RCC version="1.0" prefix="/">
<qresource>
   <file>../sources/status/status.png</file>
   <file>../sources/status/example_1.png</file>
   <file>../sources/status/example_2.png</file>
   <file>../sources/status/example_3.png</file>
</qresource>
</RCC>

Then if your prefix, its "/", then use this for your QSS:
image:url(':/../sources/status/status.png');


Libya is getting closer to realizing its goal of boosting crude oil production to 1 million barrels per day after it struck an agreement with German Wintershall that led to the restart of fields with a combined output of 160,000 bpd. The National Oil Corporation (NOC) and the German company were locked in a dispute concerning payments NOC said Wintershall owed. Now the dispute seems to have been resolved and NOC is on track to raise production from about 830,000 bpd right now, to 1 million bpd by the end of next month.
It's not what OPEC wants to hear in the middle of an increasingly desperate attempt to prop up prices. Oil production across OPEC rose by about 336,100 barrels per day to 32.1 million bpd in May, due to production increases from Nigeria, Iraq and Libya. Nigeria and Libya are not subject to the group's restraint deal agreed last year. Output from Libya surged by more than 178,000 bpd to 730,000 bpd as the country's rival factions moved toward reconciliation, and supplies disrupted throughout years of conflict remained on line. There's always, however, a big 'if' with Libya.
Nothing is certain with Libya's fractured political system and there is a constant possibility of militant groups trying to take control over oil export terminals, fields, or pipelines.


Ohmygod this stuff is good. Even better than the Korres Quercetin & Oak concealer I was using. The "Un" Cover-Up doesn't settle into fine lines, doesn't look cakey, and its yellow undertones are just right for bluish under-eye circles like mine. RMS has completely won me over with this product! Highly highly recommend!


Recent catastrophic weather events, existing and prospective federal and state policies, and growing investments in smart grid technologies have drawn renewed attention to the reliability of the U.S. electric power system. Whether electricity reliability is getting better or worse as a result of these or other factors has become a material issue for public and private decisions affecting the U.S. electric power system.
This study examines the statistical relationship between annual changes in electricity reliability reported by a large cross‐section of U.S. electricity distribution utilities over a period of 13 years, and a broad set of potential explanatory variables including various measures of weather and utility characteristics.
We find statistically significant correlations between the average number of power interruptions experienced annually by a customer and a number of explanatory variables including wind speed, precipitation, lightning strikes, and the number of customers per line mile. We also find statistically significant correlations between the average total duration of power interruptions experienced annually by a customer and wind speed, precipitation, cooling degree‐days, the percentage share of underground transmission and distribution lines. In addition, we find a statistically significant trend in the duration of power interruptions over time—especially when major events are included. This finding suggests that increased severity of major events over time has been the principal contributor to the observed trend.
A webinar related to this report was hosted by the Clean Energy States Alliance on October 14th, 2015. To view a recording of this webinar, click here.


text:
#import "L8Reporter.h"

#include "v8.h"

@class L8Context, L8Exception;

/**
 * @brief Reporter extension with private methods
 */
@interface L8Reporter ()

+ (void)reportTryCatch:(v8::TryCatch *)tryCatch
			 inContext:(L8Context *)context;

@end


A new shopper marketing campaign for the Unilever brand in Quebec enlists Bob le Chef to bring some fun to sandwiches.
The brand aims to show its use in more than just sandwiches with an in-store push in Quebec that includes appetizer recipes for game day.
Submissions are now open for strategy's annual awards celebrating brands that are making a difference.


A shot from Pont Alexandre III bridge at sunset looking towards the Eiffel Tower. I love how the lamps catch the golden light from the setting sun.
The Beaux-Arts style bridge, with its exuberant Art Nouveau lamps, cherubs, nymphs and winged horses at either end, was built between 1896 and 1900. It is named after Tsar Alexander III.


text:
Home » Toys & games » Learning & education » 10 Best Ideal Games For 6 Year Old Girls of 2021
Learning & educationToys & games
10 Best Ideal Games For 6 Year Old Girls of 2021
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10 Best Id Silicone Lubricants of 2021
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CyberSecure My Business™ is a national program helping small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) learn to be safer and more secure online.
The National Cyber Security Alliance's (NCSA's) CyberSecure My Business™ is a national program helping small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) learn to be safer and more secure online.
Additional components include: monthly webinars with industry, government and nonprofit cybersecurity experts, online portal resources to help the SMB community and monthly newsletters summarizing the latest cybersecurity news.
NCSA engages a host of federal partners to participate in the workshops, webinars and activities, including the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the U.S. Small Business Administration, the Federal Trade Commission, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, NIST, the U.S. Department of Justice, the U.S. Department of Energy, the Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Secret Service and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
Sponsorships are available to support the CyberSecure My Business™ on-site and webinar trainings and materials.
Join the CyberSecure My Business™ community today! Sign up to receive our monthly newsletter here.
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Awareness of key threats will enable you to employ practices and behaviors that limit your company's risk.
If your business has been victimized by a cyberattack, notify the appropriate authorities, work to recoup your losses and ensure attackers are brought to justice.
The final step of making your business more cybersecure is the recovery efforts that follow response to a cyber incident.
NCSA is proud to be a member of the SBA's Small Business Technology Coalition.
Many security vendors offer free online security checks and other tools for your computer and other devices.
Check out these helpful cybersecurity resources for your business – from NCSA's sponsors, partners and friends.


It's one of the world's largest cities, the UK's capital and is regularly visited by over 1 million tourists a month. London clearly has a lot going for it but how does it stack up in the style stakes?
Imagine having a pair of shoes that look so good you want to wear them all day every day and are so comfy that you can. The New Balance 247 could be that shoe. Yeah, the clue's in the name.
Have You Heard Of Paninaro Style?
One thing we can predict with a high level of confidence is that the British spring and summer time will not give us the wall to wall sunshine we want. As much as we may feel we deserve it after enduring what seems like endless months of drab winter weather, the chances are slim. Sorry to be the mongers of doom, but you know, weather.
The adidas Iniki Runner combines two things the brand with three stripes excel at when making trainers; a sleek, subtle and sublimely stylish retro look typical of the iconic Originals range and a focus on high performance using some of the best footwear technology around.
Let's face it we all know that the Vans Old Skool is a timeless, durable and insanely comfortable icon. It was THE trainers to be spotted in at last year's London Fashion Week despite having been around for ages and we still can't get enough, we're besotted.
Party outfit sorted? No? We've got a quiz for you!
Once December hits, you know it only means one thing…it's party season! And when party season hits you'll barely be out of your finest gear, so you're surely thinking about those Christmas party/general festivities outfits, right?
What's that? You don't know what to wear yet? Well then, luckily enough we've got a quiz to sort you out – from the feet anyway. You are welcome.
Are You Rebellious Enough To Creep It Real?
Thick crepe sole, suede upper- got to be a creeper, right? There's certainly been a stir and plenty of discussion over on our Facebook page when we posted a few pics of shoes fitting that description.


text:
******************************
Quick Jabber Command Reference
******************************

DroneD Commands
---------------
DroneD allows you to send commands directly to droned agents. This is not
intended for obscure debugging practices but rather for day-to-day use. The
reason is that droned already has a very simple and powerful command set for
managing a server and the applications on it. So rather than duplicating those
commands in droned, I chose to simply allow you to talk directly to droned.

To tell droned that you want to send a droned command, simply start your
command with an ``@`` character. So to send a droned agent the ``foo`` command
you would tell droned ``@foo``.

Also droned currently only lets you talk directly to one droned agent
at a time, and you specify which one by *talking about a server*. So for
example::

  server egapp01
  @wl status

Tells droned you want to talk about the ``egapp01`` server, and then
you want to send the droned agent on that server the ``wl status`` command.

All droned commands have a *help message* that you can access by simply
putting ``help`` before the command. So to get help on the ``wl`` command
mentioned above you would simply say ``@help wl``.

So what commands can you send to droned? There are quite a few, but the
vast majority of the time you will use *AppManager commands*. That is,
commands that are used to talk to an AppManager service running within
droned. Each AppManager command is simply named after the application
it manages. So in our previous example ``@wl status`` we actually used
the ``wl`` AppManager command with a single argument, ``status``. This
essentially asks the ``wl`` AppManager for status on the instances it
is managing. For more AppManager command arguments simply run ``@help wl``.

So how do you know what apps run on a given server? DroneD has a simple
``apps`` command to list the. So for example::

  server egbs01
  apps
  > tbs-shop
  > tbs-txn
  > roi-tracker
  > deals
  @roi-tracker status
  @roi-tracker add 10.4
  @roi-tracker start a

This example shows us talking about the server ``egbs01``, then listing the
apps that run on that server. Then we asked the ``roi-tracker`` AppManager
for status on its instances. Then we added a new roi-tracker instance using
roi-tracker version 10.4. Then we started instance *a* of roi-tracker.
Simple enough. Use ``@help`` to learn more.

.. note:: Currently all of this documentation is auto-generated (which is
          why it looks so ugly) from docstrings. Once the command syntax
          becomes more stable these commands should be documented manually

Core Commands
-------------
.. automodule:: droned.responders.core
   :members:

Context Commands
----------------
.. automodule:: droned.responders.context
   :members:

Application Commands
--------------------
.. automodule:: droned.responders.instance
   :members:

Deployment Commands
-------------------
.. automodule:: droned.responders.deployment
   :members:

Event Subscription Commands
---------------------------
.. automodule:: droned.responders.events
   :members:

Log Analysis Commands
---------------------
.. automodule:: droned.responders.logs
   :members:

Chat Room Commands
------------------
.. automodule:: droned.responders.chat
   :members:

Team Commands
-------------
.. automodule:: droned.responders.support
   :members:

Anomaly Commands
----------------
.. automodule:: droned.responders.anomaly
   :members:


text:
M. nigricans may refer to:
 Makaira nigricans, the Atlantic blue marlin, a fish species endemic to the Atlantic Ocean
 Mantella nigricans, the Guibé's mantella, a frog species endemic to Madagascar
 Melanogaster nigricans, a hoverfly species in the genus Melanogaster
 Melinda nigricans, a fly species in the genus Melinda
 Micropterus salmoides, the largemouth bass, a fish species found in the United States of America
 Milax nigricans, Philippi, 1836, a land slug species in the genus Milax
 Molossus nigricans, a bat species in the genus Molossus
 Myotis nigricans, the black myotis, a bat species from South and Central America
 Mucuna nigricans, a plant species in the genus Mucuna

See also
 Nigricans (disambiguation)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia