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Rules for Making a Tax-Free Donation from an IRA
Ask Kim
The Rules for Making a Tax-Free Donation from an IRA
Making tax-free gifts to charity from an IRA is gaining in popularity among older investors, thanks to changes under the new tax law. Here's what you need to know to make a qualified charitable distribution.
By Kimberly Lankford, Contributing Editor
QI'd like to make a tax-free transfer of my required minimum distribution from my IRA to charity. Is the deadline for donating to a charity the same as the deadline for taking my RMD? And does my IRA administrator have to send the money directly to the charity, or can I withdraw the money and write a check myself?
AThe deadline for making a tax-free transfer from an IRA to a charity—called a "qualified charitable distribution" or QCD—is the same as it is for your required minimum distribution. That's generally December 31 unless this is your first RMD. First-timers have until April 1 of the year after turning 70½ to take an initial RMD—and they can't take a QCD before age 70½.
SEE ALSO: The 10 Most Tax-Friendly States in the U.S.
Also, to qualify as a tax-free transfer, you can't withdraw the money first and then write a check from your non-IRA account. The money has to be transferred directly from the IRA account to the charity. Check with your IRA administrator for its procedure. Some firms, such as Fidelity, let you write a check from your IRA to the charity, if you have check-writing privileges on the account. Or you can fill out a QCD form and have Fidelity make out a check to the charity and send it directly to the charity or to you. Other companies don't let you write a check on your IRA but instead have you fill out a form to have the IRA administrator send the money directly to the charity.
It's a good idea to start the process well before the end of the year. "It's important do this ahead of time because the money has to come out of your account," says Keith Bernhardt, vice president of retirement income at Fidelity. "Make sure the charity cashes the check before the end of the year."
With a QCD, you can give up to $100,000 annually from your IRA to charity and have that count as your RMD. The distribution isn't included in your adjusted gross income, so it's tax free. Now that the standard deduction has more than doubled and fewer people will be itemizing their deductions (and, as a result, fewer people will be taking a charitable deduction), a tax-free transfer from an IRA to charity is gaining popularity.
SEE ALSO: When Do I Have to Take My First RMD?
Mari Adam, a certified financial planner in Boca Raton, Fla., says many of her clients are interested in QCDs, especially this year. She's talking with them about QCDs in October, so they have plenty of time to decide whether or not to take their RMD themselves or give all or some of the money to a charity. "We want to make sure we ask if they want to do a QCD before we process their RMD," she says. "Once the RMD is processed, it's too late." After you withdraw the required minimum distribution, you can't use it for a QCD for the year.
She also allows more time because she and her clients take extra steps to make it clear where the contribution came from. Otherwise, the charity may receive a check from the IRA administrator but may not have information about the donor. For example, for her clients with IRAs at Charles Schwab, Adam has Schwab make out a check to the charity but then send the check to the clients—not directly to the charity. The clients then send the check with a memo that includes their name, the charity's name and an explanation that the donation is a QCD from their IRA. They also include a gift acknowledgment form they ask the charity to sign and return, so they have additional proof of the gift for their tax records.
SEE ALSO: Calculate Your Required Minimum Distribution From IRAs
There's generally no limit to the number of QCDs you can make—as long as the total doesn't exceed $100,000 for the year—but ask your IRA administrator if there's a minimum gift size. Many of Adam's clients make several QCDs each year, but she discourages them from making small gifts that way because the process can be time-consuming. "I would try to avoid the $50 gift and just make those out of your personal account," she says.
Before you decide which charities to support, make sure they're eligible to receive a QCD. "The list of entities eligible for a QCD is not the same as the entities eligible for a typical charitable deductible donation," says Adam. The organization must be a 501(c)(3) charity, but you cannot make a QCD to a donor-advised fund.
You can look up whether a charity is eligible to receive tax-deductible charitable contributions using the Tax Exempt Organization Search at IRS.gov. Then ask the charity if it's eligible for QCDs. "Or ask your tax advisor to verify," Adam says.
SEE ALSO: 14 Ways for Everyone to Save on Taxes Under the New Tax Law
Got a question? Ask Kim at askkim@kiplinger.com.


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January 5, 2017 January 5, 2017 bcnn1wp
Labor Department Sues Google Over Compensation Data
The Labor Department is going to court to force Google to turn over compensation data during an anti-discrimination audit.
The administrative lawsuit filed Wednesday claims Google has withheld compensation data and other information requested by the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs as part of a routine audit of the Internet giant's equal opportunity program.
The department has asked an administrative law judge to compel Google as a federal contractor to comply or cancel Google's current government contracts and bar the company from entering into future contracts.
"Despite many opportunities to produce this information voluntarily, Google has refused to do so," OFCCP Acting Director Thomas M. Dowd said in a statement.
In a statement, Google said it has provided hundreds of thousands of records over the last year, including compensation. The company is balking at turning over the private information of employees.
"The handful of OFCCP requests that are the subject of the complaint are overbroad in scope, or reveal confidential data, and we've made this clear to the OFCCP, to no avail," the statement said. "These requests include thousands of employees' private contact information which we safeguard rigorously. We hope to continue working with OFCCP to resolve this matter."
Cliff Palefsky, an employment attorney who represents employees in labor disputes, said the concern over employees' private information "seems like a pretty weak basis to refuse to give information to the government."
SOURCE: USA Today, Jessica Guynn
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Absolute Extrema Calculator With Interval
1 Extrema on an Interval Find Absolute Extrema, Closed Interval 1. The graphs look like this: Read more about graphing absolute values functions. Animation – graphs of original, first and second derivative 3c. First Derivative Test 3b. (a) Calculate the x values of any relative extrema of the function. (ii) We say that the function f has absolute minimum at a point x0 2 I if for all x 2 I we have f(x) f(x0). Exercise 4. Quiz 6 Problem 1. Without using a calculator find the absolute extrema of f x x x3 4 12 1 on the interval > 1,3. on the interval [0, 3] Use the first derivative test to justify extrema. Justify your response. Study Guide and Intervention (continued) Extrema and Average Rates of Change Average Rate of Change The average rate of change between any two points on the graph of f is the slope of the line through those points. Find absolute extrema of the function over the region R. Really clear math lessons (pre-algebra, algebra, precalculus), cool math games, online graphing calculators, geometry art, fractals, polyhedra, parents and teachers areas too. Use a graphing calculator to approximate the relative extrema of each function. Find the relative extrema, if any, of the function. •Report all extrema (local or absolute) as: *Max/Min y-value occurs at x-value* •Occurs when y-values change from increasing to decreasing (4, 3) Absolute Max Example: Maximum 3 occurs at x = 4 Absolute Maximum. (b) Use your calculator to find any relative extrema off Write your answers as ordered pairs. and locate the absolute extrema of the function on the interval 0, 8 È Î ÍÍÍ ˘ ˚ ˙˙˙. Consider the function over the interval As Therefore, the function does not have a largest value. To calculate: The absolute extrema for. First Derivative Test 3b. Here is a set of practice problems to accompany the Finding Absolute Extrema section of the Applications of Derivatives chapter of the notes for Paul Dawkins Calculus I course at Lamar University. 80 at x = –1. Determining the signs of derivative functions over intervals segmented by critical points, determining increasing and decreasing intervals of functions, technique of one-point testing. 3 Sketch the graph of a function with given properties 42, 45. 5) x y 6) x y Use a graphing calculator to approximate the intervals where each function is increasing and. Lecture12: Global extrema In this lecture we are interested in the points where a function is maximal overall. It does NOT guarantee that there be a unique absolute maximum or minimum, nor does it say that absolute extrema must occur in the interior of a closed interval. 1: Extrema on an Interval Name_ Date_ Period_ Worksheet 3. Then, students find the value to satisfy the mean value theorem. As shown in , one or both of these absolute extrema could occur at an endpoint. It then evaluates the function at these extrema and at the endpoints of the interval, and determines the. absolute extrema as point(s) (ordered pair(s)). 2 The term extrema, the plural of extremum, is a mathematical term that is used to refer to absolute or local maxima or minima of a function. The minimum and maximum of a function on an interval are also called the absolute minimum and absolute maximum on the interval. For a function that models a relationship between two quantities … key features: intercepts, increasing and decreasing intervals, relative extrema, symmetries, and end behavior. This paper is concerned with the problem of determining the indirect effects or ramifications of actions. Identify the absolute extrema on the interval [-2,3] asked by Anonymous on April 17, 2011; Math. Maximums and Minimums 2 - Cool Math has free online cool math lessons, cool math games and fun math activities. •Extrema are always values of the function; they. The extreme value theorem states that a continuous function over a closed, bounded interval has an absolute maximum and an absolute minimum. Common Core Algebra II. Absolute Extrema Date_____ Period____ find all points of absolute minima and maxima on the given closed interval. 1-4 Extrema and Average Rates of Change. Give your answers exact to two decimal places. calculator will NOT find it. In this applet there is a continuous function defined by the black dots. Derivative Test to find increasing and decreasing intervals of a function. Find the absolute maximum value and absolute minimum value on the interval. If f(x) - f(a) >0 for all values of x in the total interval x 1 x A x2, except x = a, we say the function has an absolute minimum at x = a. Example Since f(x) = 3x4 4x3 12x2+3 is continuous on [ 2;3], f must have an absolute maximum and an absolute minimum on [ 2;3]. Local and absolute extrema, saddle points (Sect. f, f' , f", Extrema - No Calculator graph of f 1. Locate any local extrema for f (x) IXI and describe the behavior of the derivative at the local extremum. Answer to Find the absolute extrema of the function on the interval [2, 8]. For permissions beyond the scope of this license, please contact us. •Report all extrema (local or absolute) as: *Max/Min y-value occurs at x-value* •Occurs when y-values change from increasing to decreasing (4, 3) Absolute Max Example: Maximum 3 occurs at x = 4 Absolute Maximum. 5) > f(í2) and f(í1. Approximate the intervals on which the function is increasing and those on which it is decreasing. From the previous section, we know that if a function is. You have to find out the value of the function at the critical points (f´(x)=0)m And the values at the extremes of the closed interval The first has No critical points so the absolute extrema are at the end points. Identify the absolute maximum and minimum values. Graphing Derivatives This chapter is a grab bag of graphical analysis. ABSOLUTE EXTREMA ON CLOSED INTERVALS Problem: Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum of f(x) on the interval [a,b]. Determine the intervals on which the graph of each function IS concave up or concave down and determine all points of inflection. To locate the absolute extrema of a continuous function on a closed interval, you need only compare the y-values of all critical points. This function has an absolute extrema at x = 2 x = 2 x = 2 and a local extrema at x = − 1 x = -1 x = − 1. With open intervals, a continuous function is not guaranteed to have absolute extrema like with closed intervals. f (c) is the minimum of f on the interval I if f (cfx)≤ ( ) for all x in I. In addition,. Understand the definition of extrema of a function on an interval and relative extrema on an open interval. If f is continuous on [0, 3] and satisfies the following: DNE DNE a) Find the absolute extrema of f and where they occur. Relave(minimums(and(maximums(can(only(occur(ata CRITICAL(NUMBER. This calculus video tutorial explains how to find the absolute maximum and minimum values of a function on a closed interval. Procedure via determination of local extrema. Adjusting the dots will modify the function. )= 6 2+9 2. Locating Absolute Extrema. The first derivative can be used to find the relative minimum and relative maximum values of a function over an open interval. f has an absolute minimumat c if f(c) f(x) for every x in the domain of f. •A relative max/min may not be the greatest/least over its domain, but it is the greatest/least over some interval in the domain. Absolute extrema calculator with interval math mathpapa. Use you GDC calculator to graph the function f (x) a. Absolute extrema, then, are the highest and lowest values of a graphical equation. Find and use critical numbers. Practice: Absolute minima & maxima (closed intervals) This is the currently selected item. Find the maximum and minimum points on the graph of 2294 548490. These extrema will occur at the critical values or at the end points on the closed interval. 2 Maximum and Minimum on an Interval. 18B Local Extrema 2 Definition Let S be the domain of f such that c is an element of S. Intervals of Increase and Decrease Intervals of Concavity Relative Extrema Absolute Extrema Optimization Curve Sketching Comparing a Function and its Derivatives Motion Along a Line Related Rates Differentials Newton's Method Limits in Form of Definition of Derivative L'Hôpital's Rule. TWELVE BASIC FUNCTIONS In advanced mathematics you will find it helpful to analyze functions that appear repeatedly. The absolute extrema of a function on a closed interval is either a local extrema or a boundary point. Rough sketch Absolute Extrema on D = 2 (-∞, ∞) = 2 [0, 2] = 2 (0, 2] = 2 (0, 2) Discuss how the extreme value theorem applies to each of the following diagrams: Calculus 5. f(2pi) = 2pi - 1 is the absolute maximum. State the x-values where they occur. We call f(c) a local maximum of f. What other extrema does it have?. ou Yhave used your calculator in the past to calculate a maximum or minimum value. Then f has an absolute maximum and an absolute minimum value on [a,b]. Identify all intervals on which the graph is increasing and decreasing. Find algebraically, the absolute extrema of y=sinx+cosx in the interval [0,2pie]. you have two endpoint extrema since the function is increasing throughout the given interval f(0) = -1 is the absolute minimum. C) No absolute extrema. Mathematics Assignment Help, Extreme value theorem, Extreme Value Theorem : Assume that f ( x ) is continuous on the interval [a,b] then there are two numbers a ≤ c, d ≤ b so that f (c ) is an absolute maximum for the function and f ( d ) is an absolute minimum for the function. •Extrema are always values of the function; they. Answer: Absolute max of 8 at x=2 and absolute min of-3 at x=1 and this function graphed it is clear that these are the absolute extrema. Calculus Maximus WS 5. Step 2: Evaluate f at the critical values from Step 1 and at the endpoints a and b. Understand the definition of extrema of a function on an interval and relative extrema on an open interval. Local and absolute extrema, saddle points (Sect. Given a continuous function, \(f\left( x \right)\), on an interval \(\left[ {a,b} \right]\) we want to determine the absolute extrema of the function. Use a graphing utility to graph the function. As shown in , one or both of these absolute extrema could occur at an endpoint. That is the absolute maximum value, absolute max value over the interval, or I guess we could say over the domain that this function has defined. By looking at a graph of the function, we can see that there are no absolute extrema. (a) Use your calculator to find the real zeros off. So, for example, j5j= 5 and j 5j= 5, since each is 5 units from 0 on the number line. Find the domain of the function f(x) x3 4 2. Evaluate to find y at the endpoints 3. 18B Local Extrema 2 Definition Let S be the domain of f such that c is an element of S. (c) (2 points) its maximum and minimum on the interval [ 1;3]. (a) Calculate the x values of any relative extrema of the function. Find the absolute extrema of f on the given interval. 2x on the interval [—2, 2]. If an absolute extremum does not occur at an endpoint, however, it must occur at an interior point. If f(x) - f(a) >0 for all values of x in the total interval x 1 x A x2, except x = a, we say the function has an absolute minimum at x = a. Use a graphing utility to graph the function. Steps to find absolute extrema To find the absolute extrema of a continuous function on a closed interval $[a,b]$:. Relative and Absolute Extrema of a Function Date: 01/07/2004 at 12:27:31 From: barbara Subject: Relative and absolute extrema What is the difference between the absolute extrema and the relative extrema in calculus?. Definition 2 (Local Maximum). thought seems ridiculous in retrospect, as extrema problems are alive and well and much more interesting than they have ever been before. (a) Use your calculator to find the real zeros off. Because f(í1. iv)Find the tangent line at the point. —x3+2 for 2. Your only candidates for absolute extrema are the relative extrema. Note: The first derivative test and the second derivative test are common methods used to find minimum values of a function. Find the absolute maximum and minimum values over the indicated interval Since x=-1 is not included in the interval, the global maximum is near the point (-1, 10. Step-by-Step Examples. f(c) is an absolute minimum value on I if f(c) ≤ f(x) for all x in I. List each answer as an ordered pair. Local extrema are local maxes or min (the highest or lowest) point in the neighborhood. (A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7 (E) 8. Extrema (plural for extremum) are the maximum and minimum values of a function. By comparing. Step-by-Step Examples. Of the relative extrema, the max is 1. STEP II: Evaluate the function at the critical number(s). Identify the absolute maximum and minimum values. As with the previous situations, revert back to the First Derivative Test to determine any local extrema. De nition (Absolute maximum, minimum, and extremum) Suppose f is a function de ned on some interval I. So this function has an absolute minimum but no absolute maxi-mum. Absolute extreme values are either maximum or minimum points on a curve. Local and absolute extrema, saddle points (Sect. MAX: Absol. The answers are (0,1) for a max and (1/6, sqrt3/2) for a minimum but I dont know how to reach those answershelp please!!-maxima and minima occur at zeroes of the first derivative dy/dx = -pi*sin. Finding Extrema on a Closed Interval Guidelines for Finding Extrema on a Closed Interval To find extrema of a continuous function fon a closed interval [a, b] , use the following Ste s. 1Extrema on an. The function has both an absolute maximum value and absolute minimum value defined on any specified closed interval since the function is continuous on the given closed interval. (Part II) and Extrema A look back: In the previous (February 25, 2016) Breakout Session you were introduced to related rates | an important application of derivatives. Use a graphing calculator to approximate the relative extrema of each function. Use a graphing utility to graph the function. The minimum and maximum of a function on an interval are also called the absolute minimum and absolute maximum on the interval. Knowing this, you can use the following guidelines to find extrema on a closed interval. Calculator to Approximate Extrema. Scientific Calculator with Statistical Functions or Programmable Graphing Scientific Calculator Absolute Extrema Extrema on Closed Interval End-Point Extrema. 80 at x = –1. Get an answer for '`y = 3x^(2/3) - 2x, [-1,1]` Find the absolute extrema of the function on the closed interval. The Extreme Value Theorem: If f is continuous on a closed interval [a,b], then f has both a minimum and a maximum on the interval. (A) Interval = [1,4] Absolute maximum = asked by Cady on April 5, 2011; calculus. Local Maximum : It can also be expressed as "Relative Maximum". Absolute extrema, then, are the highest and lowest values of a graphical equation. Finding absolute extrema on a closed interval. Make a table of values. 1C: Calculate derivatives. You may have been taught that jxjis the distance from the real number xto the 0 on the number. The endpoints of the domain are the final type of critical point of a function. We need to check these end points to see if they are more extreme. If so, an absolute extremum may occur in one of three places. xc= is an absolute maximum of fx( ) if f(c) ‡ fx( )for all x in the domain. Midterm Review for Regular and GT. List each answer as an ordered pair. Extreme Value Theorem If fx( ) is continuous on. Extrema is just a fancy word for finding the lowest (minimum) or highest (maximum) \(\boldsymbol {y}\) value in a function or interval of a function. There are three problems, each of which has a background discussion, an illustrative example, and an exercise for you to do. absolute extrema and relative extrema, and how to locate them. 3 Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values of f on the given interval. Finding Extrema on a Closed Interval Guidelines for Finding Extrema on a Closed Interval To find extrema of a continuous function fon a closed interval [a, b] , use the following Ste s. THE CANDIDATE TEST: (Procedure for finding absolute (global extrema) 1. Thus, the global maximum (minimum) values of a function are attained either on the boundary of the interval (Figure \(2\)), or at the points of local extrema inside the interval (Figure \(3\)). A point is considered a minimum point if the value of the function at that point is less than the. These both result in y = 1, so they are not the absolute extrema. g x x x 232/3 f x x x 2 3 31-36 USE YOUR CALCULATOR to find each. Really clear math lessons (pre-algebra, algebra, precalculus), cool math games, online graphing calculators, geometry art, fractals, polyhedra, parents and teachers areas too. Candidates for Local Extreme-Value Points. Find the function values $f(c)$ for each critical number $c$ found in step 1. If a function is continuous on a closed interval [,] then there exists both a maximum and minimum on the interval. Students should know what a critical number of a function is, be able to properly define the concept, and be able to calculate them in simple cases. We argue that the standard framework in which background knowledge is given in the form of state constraints is inadequate and that background knowledge should instead be given in the form of ca. For this graph when the interval is opened, (0,2) there is no absolute extrema because there are other values that can be higher or lower for this particular graph. The extreme value theorem states that a continuous function over a closed, bounded interval has an absolute maximum and an absolute minimum. In that case there would be two of a maximum or minimum. Identify any absolute extrema on the interval. Then f(c) is the. The absolute/global extremum of a function is the highest or lowest point over which a function is defined. Objectives: (review) Find extreme values (maximums and minimums) of a function. f x x x 3 12 ; 0,4> @ 28. This means the graph of f has no jumps, breaks, or holes in it. Practice: Absolute minima & maxima (closed intervals) This is the currently selected item. RELATIVE EXTREMA FOR A FUNCTION OF ONE VARIABLE Letf(x) be a function of x which is defined for the interval x, • x < x 2. If there is an open interval containing on which is a minimum, then , is called a relative minimum of , or you can say that has a relative minimum at ,. To use the calculator, please: (1. (A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7 (E) 8. b) If Rolle's Theorem can be applied, find all values of in the open interval such that. Intervals of increase and decrease, how to find critical values, how to sketch the derivative of a function just from the sketch of the original function, and a general intro to relative extrema (maxima and minima). The extreme value theorem states that a continuous function over a closed, bounded interval has an absolute maximum and an absolute minimum. Definition of Relative Extrema: 1. Locate the absolute extrema of the function (if any exist) over each interval. Background The Absolute Extrema of a function on a closed interval is the highest and lowest point on the graph. Calculus Maximus Notes 3. The calculator will try to simplify result as much as possible. Absolute extrema. 2 Functions: Increasing, Decreasing, Extrema notes by Tim Pilachowski Reminder: You will not be able to use a graphing calculator on tests!. Determine all critical points of f(x) which are in the interval [a,b]. 3) y x x 4) y x x Approximate the intervals where each function is increasing and decreasing. appears that DQG , so we conjecture that this function has no absolute extrema. on the interval [0, 3] Use the first derivative test to justify extrema. There are examples of valid and invalid expressions at the bottom of the page. Find the absolute maximum and minimum values over the indicated interval Since x=-1 is not included in the interval, the global maximum is near the point (-1, 10. AP® CALCULUS AB/CALCULUS BC 2016 SCORING GUIDELINES The absolute extrema occur either at the endpoints of the interval or at the relative extrema. This is a difficult problem to do analytically, so I'd suggest graphing it. Really clear math lessons (pre-algebra, algebra, precalculus), cool math games, online graphing calculators, geometry art, fractals, polyhedra, parents and teachers areas too. Sounds about right! To find the absolute extrema of a differentiable (!) function on an interval, one should indeed check the critical points (where the first derivative is zero) and the boundary points, then compare all found values and pick the largest (smallest). Definition of Absolute Extrema Let f be defined on an interval I containing c. Show all steps so I can determine how to solve future problems like this. If and decreases through x 5 c, then x 5 c locates a local minimum value for the function. Identify any points of inflection. Absolute Extrema Calculator With Interval Math Absolute extrema calculator with interval math math games for grade 2. so far we have only talked about relative extrema (also called local extrema). Calculus 130, section 5. The maximum will occur at the highest value and the minimum will occur at the lowest value. Specify the values where these extrema occur. Absolute Extrema On a Speci ed Interval. I First derivative test. Find the absolute maximum and minimum values of the function on the given interval. No Local Extrema Compare the values found for each value of in order to determine the absolute maximum and minimum over the given interval. To add the calculator. Relative extrema may sometimes also be absoluteextrema, as the following definition shows. If a function is continuous on a closed interval [,] then there exists both a maximum and minimum on the interval. Find algebraically, the absolute extrema of y=sinx+cosx in the interval [0,2pie]. The line through any two points on a curve is called a secant line. (��)= 6� � 2 +9 2. Find the critical points (i. Identify any absolute extrema on the interval. Thus, the global maximum (minimum) values of a function are attained either on the boundary of the interval (Figure \(2\)), or at the points of local extrema inside the interval (Figure \(3\)). The Calculator can find derivatives using the sum rule, the elementary power rule, the generalized power rule, the reciprocal rule (inverse function rule), the product rule, the chain rule and logarithmic derivatives. Find intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing. (This is a less specific form of the above. Extrema and Average Rates of Change. Use your calculator to look at the function. What other extrema does it have?. a relative extremum; an extremum in a given region which is not the overall maximum or minimum) or global. A function f is called negative on an interval I if f(x) < 0 for all x in I. If f(x) - f(a) >0 for all values of x in the total interval x 1 x A x2, except x = a, we say the function has an absolute minimum at x = a. The answer is: absolute maxima at (π/6, 1. Mean Value Theorem 4. fminbnd is a function file. 7 in section 2. Absolute extrema calculator with interval math graph of a polynomial that shows the increasing and decreasing intervals and local maximum and minimum math solver algebra. Really clear math lessons (pre-algebra, algebra, precalculus), cool math games, online graphing calculators, geometry art, fractals, polyhedra, parents and teachers areas too. Locate the absolute extrema of the. No Local Extrema Compare the values found for each value of in order to determine the absolute maximum and minimum over the given interval. Absolute extrema of transcendental functions 1b. State the intervals where the function is concave up or concave down 28. The absolute extrema of a function are helpful in describing a function's global behavior in an interval. Locate all relative maxima, relative minima, and saddle points for f(x,y) = x3 −9xy +y3. 5) x y 6) x y Use a graphing calculator to approximate the intervals where each function is increasing and. Then, students find the value to satisfy the mean value theorem. Relave(minimums(and(maximums(can(only(occur(ata CRITICAL(NUMBER. The Interval Notation Calculator an online tool which shows Interval Notation for the given input. 500+ programs, just input variables and get step by step solution for tests and homework. Global (absolute) extrema are the absolute highest and lowest points on a graph. •Report all extrema (local or absolute) as: *Max/Min y-value occurs at x-value* •Occurs when y-values change from increasing to decreasing (4, 3) Absolute Max Example: Maximum 3 occurs at x = 4 Absolute Maximum. The following figure shows several relative extrema that are also absolute. •A relative max/min may not be the greatest/least over its domain, but it is the greatest/least over some interval in the domain. Find the instantaneous rate of change for f x e x22 x 1 at x = -1. Solve the equation f '(x) = 0 for x to get the values of x at minima or maxima. ? y=3x^(2/3)-2x [-1, 1] I've calculated the absolute min to be (0,0) and I thought the absolute max was (1, 1), but that is apparently the wrong answer. Graphs of Functions Use your graphing calculator to approximate the local and absolute extrema of the given function. We say that f (x) has. Unit 3: Applications of Derivatives and Antiderivatives Lesson 1-Absolute and Relative Extrema (5. Extrema are the maximum and minimum values for a given range, and can be described as relative (pertaining to a local neighborhood) or absolute (pertaining to the whole set of possible values). Sketch a 2. f x x x 3 12 ; 0,4> @ 28. about local extrema, it gives us a procedure for nding absolute extreme values on a closed bounded interval. Thus, f has no critical number. Explain your reasoning. so far we have only talked about relative extrema (also called local extrema). Find algebraically, the absolute extrema of y=sinx+cosx in the interval [0,2pie]. Identify any critical numbers on the interval. Answer: Absolute max of 8 at x=2 and absolute min of-3 at x=1 and this function graphed it is clear that these are the absolute extrema. Approximate the intervals on which the function is increasing and those on which it is decreasing. b) Determine the intervals, using the critical numbers as endpoints. 22Without using a calculator find the absolute extrema of fx x on >1,4. 1: Absolute Extrema 5. Really clear math lessons (pre-algebra, algebra, precalculus), cool math games, online graphing calculators, geometry art, fractals, polyhedra, parents and teachers areas too. What happens for two varaible functions? For a function of two variable, these absolute extrema do not always. Lecture 15 :Maxima and Minima In this section we will study problems where we wish to nd the maximum or minimum of a function. In this lesson, you'll learn how to calculate absolute extrema, or the points that correspond to the largest and smallest value of a function on an interval. The set of relative maxima and minima are called relative extrema. Midterm Review for Regular and GT. st Fermat's Theorem If fx( ) has a relative (or local) extrema at xc= , then xc= is a critical point of fx( ). 1: Extrema on an Interval Name_ Date_ Period_ Worksheet 3. Find all local maxima and minima. If asked to find absolute extrema, critical values as well as endpoints are considered. GRAPHING CALCULATOR Approximate to the nearest hundredth the relative or absolute extrema of each function. Absolute Maximums and Minimums 2 - Cool Math has free online cool math lessons, cool math games and fun math activities. In this course, however, you must use calculus reasons to find maximums and minimums! Definition of Absolute Extrema … The BIGGEST or smallest y-value in the interval. ) Increasing/Decreasing Functions. The Extreme Value Theorem guarantees that a continuous function attain both an absolute maximum and absolute minimum on a closed interval. will be assumed in what follows. Section 4-4 : Finding Absolute Extrema. Find all values of (if any) at which the graph of the function −5 + 4 has a horizontal tangent. Step-by-Step Examples. Find y-values at each critical number and at each endpoint of the interval. this function has no relative extrema. Rolle's Theorem 2b. The answers are (0,1) for a max and (1/6, sqrt3/2) for a minimum but I dont know how to reach those answershelp please!!-maxima and minima occur at zeroes of the first derivative dy/dx = -pi*sin. 1x x2 lim xfi a nx. Extrema on an Interval Definition of Extrema: Let f be defined on an interval I containing c 1. 7) I Review: Local extrema for functions of one variable. 3) y x x 4) y x x Approximate the intervals where each function is increasing and decreasing. Locate the absolute extrema of the function on the closed interval. fnmin first changes the basic interval of the function to the given interval, if any. In mathematical analysis, the maxima and minima (the respective plurals of maximum and minimum) of a function, known collectively as extrema (the plural of extremum), are the largest and smallest value of the function, either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain of a function (the global or absolute extrema). Since the interval is closed and bounded, we can find the absolute maximum and minimum by evaluating the function at the endpoints and at the critical points in the interior of the interval. The tradeoff analysis between. It's like the peak of a mountain or the bottom of a gully. Recognize whether a point is a local maximum or minimum, absolute maximum or minimum, both, or neither Be able to state the intervals on which a function is increasing, decreasing, or constant Local and Absolute Extrema Many graphs are characterized by peaks and valleys where they change from increasing to decreasing and vice versa. The main purpose for determining critical points is to locate relative maxima and minima, as in single-variable calculus. The extreme value theorem states that a continuous function over a closed, bounded interval has an absolute maximum and an absolute minimum. about local extrema, it gives us a procedure for nding absolute extreme values on a closed bounded interval. Section 4-4 : Finding Absolute Extrema. Relave(minimums(and(maximums(can(only(occur(ata CRITICAL(NUMBER. The absolute maximum and minimum values are found at local extrema or at the endpoints of the interval A critical number is a number in the domain of the function where f'(a) = 0 or f'(a) exists Concavity and the second derivatives test. Identify any points of inflection.


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Lady Gaga's high fashion advertisement for Tudor watches is a visual.
The pop star left behind her Joanne hat for a pair of wild contrasting costumes in a new commercial for Tudor.
Gaga was named brand ambassador of the company in August. In the commercial, Gaga battles her alter-ego in a face-off at the piano.
Thoughts on Gaga's new commercial? Let us know in Exhale.


After "Milano odia: la polizia non può sparare" and "Roma a mano armata" Umberto Lenzi returns to the Police Movies genre with "La banda del gobbo" (aka Brother till we die) (1977) starring again Cuban actor Tomas Milian. Here the actor plays two roles: the very feracious "Gobbo" (Hunchback) and the likeable scoundrel "Monnezza" (Garbage). The first one is a pitiless and merciless criminal while the second character is a good-hearted petty thief. During a robbery "Gobbo" is betrayed by his companions, forced to hide in a girlfriend's house where he prepares his ferocious plan of revenge. As Police cannot discover Gobbo's hiding-place, they look up his twin brother Monnezza. During a spectacular chase, Gobbo's car skids and falls into the river Tiber. Nevertheless his corpse remains undiscovered… Umberto Lenzi, a Tuscan director with an incredible activity of making movies of various genres (from Giallo to Police movies, from Horror to Cannibal movies) expertly directs this milestone of the Italian Police Movies genre. The action scenes in "La banda del gobbo" show the proof of his excellence in this genre for which he has given his bests of his unforgettable career. Digitmovies presents the second volume dedicated to the Italian Police Movies: for the very first time on record the complete original motion picture score by Franco Micalizzi, one of the most prolific composers of the Italian Cinema. M° Micalizzi became famous around the world for his OST for the cult Western "Lo chiamavano Trinità" (1970) (available on Digitmovies CDDM026), but also for his other famous OST of "Poliziotteschi" (Police movies) like "Italia a mano armata" (1976), "Roma a mano armata" (1976), "Napoli violenta" (1976), "Il cinico, l'infame e il violento" (1977). For "La banda del gobbo" Franco Micalizzi wrote a sparse, but effective score based on a main theme introduced by the electric piano then developed by moog, brass and percussions in a funky mood (Tr.1). This motif is reprised several times throughout the score, sometimes with slow, another time with fast renditions (Tr.2, Tr.4, Tr.5, Tr.7, Tr.9, Tr.10, Tr.11, Tr.13, Tr.15, Tr.18). Franco Micalizzi also composed suspense music for strings (Tr.8, Tr.16) and various tracks of Source Music like a Sirtaki (Tr.3), a disco music tune (Tr.6), a romantic ballade for voice and orchestra (Tr.12), church music for organ (Tr.14) and funeral music (tr.17).


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Succession: Some random reviews
Thrillist: "The cast is uniformly amazing"
If you know Macfadyen as Mr. Darcy in the 2005 Pride and Prejudiceadaptation, you may want to reevaluate him. Tom is part dork, part Macbeth, part devoted spouse and partner.
Vanity Fair: "Succession: How Tom and Greg's Toxic Bromance Became the Summer's Best TV"
This article contains an interview with Matthew Macfadyen.
For viewers who enjoy Tom's scenes with Greg, know that even goofier footage of the duo exists. Macfadyen said that Armstrong would often give him this note: "Matthew, I think you need to really tone down the silliness a bit. Tom is running a billion-dollar sub-company." Said Macfadyen, "Tom runs the parks division. So he can't be a total prick. But I guess he can a little [on this show], because everyone's making mistakes, just behaving like absolute assholes. They're not so slick and cool. They're rich as Croesus, and miserable. . . . Perhaps he's a little more cheerful than the rest of them, but he's not without ambition."
Matthew Macfadyen to appear on The One Show (UK)
Matthew Macfadyen is expected to appear on The One Show this Tuesday 7 August at 7 pm on BBC.
Succession: BTS Inside Episode 9 "Pre-Nuptial"
Succession: Season 1 Episode 10 Trailer
Matthew Macfadyen Interview with Yahoo UK
Yahoo has posted an exclusive interview with Matthew Macfadyen, talking about succes on Succession, Brexit and family.
Macfadyen says that his low profile is also down to him not being "very good at promoting" himself, as he's not on social media, but admits that online profiles and platforms have changed the job since he first graduated from RADA, and not entirely for the better.
"The business has changed a lot since I left drama school," he says, "in the idea of being on social media and connecting with your fans in that way, that's the sort of given now for a young actor whereas for my generation its the antithesis of what you should be.
"The point is to be anonymous and not to talk about, you know, because you want people to go and see you acting a part and not what you think about.
Read the full interview HERE.


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Uber wants to sell you Echos, AirPods and Oculus headsets
Tesla is raising the price of its 'full self-driving' package by $1,000
Latest in Transportation
Image credit: Tesla
Tesla's latest prediction for Model Y's arrival is 2020
Elon Musk says it'll spark a 'manufacturing revolution'.
Rachel England, @rachel_england
05.03.18 in Transportation
Tesla has largely kept its forthcoming Model Y shrouded in mystery. We know it's a crossover EV, and we know it might not have mirrors, and that's about it. But CEO Elon Musk has now revealed that the company aims to bring the new vehicle to production in 2020, adding in its conference call that doing so will spark a "manufacturing revolution". Although he didn't expound on what that revolution will look like.
Obviously Tesla is keen to get the hype machine going as soon as possible, but it's worth taking this timeline with a pinch a salt. It had originally aimed for a 2019 release date, then pushed it back to 2020 because of plans for an entirely new production platform. Musk then ditched that idea in a bid to bring the car to market sooner, and yet here we are: the original production platform and a later launch date.
To be fair, it seems Tesla has learned from its mistakes with the Model 3. Production has been a low-grade nightmare for the company since the outset, but despite a brief manufacturing pause last month, the company now says it'll soon be on track to deliver 5,000 per week. So, keen to avoid the same hiccups with the Model Y, it's clear Tesla is taking a cautious approach to every aspect of its arrival.
Source: electrek
In this article: ElonMusk, EV, Model3, ModelY, production, Tesla, transportation


Pepper Fool Presents Dining out In Georgia!.........More Reviews - Georgia Restaurants.
404-352-9009 One of the best salsas I have ever had while eating out is Nuevo Laredo here in Atlanta (luckily only about a mile from my house). It is a pretty small place in an industrial area, but it packs them in for lunch and dinner every day its open. The salsa and chips are made fresh with loads of tomatoes, onion, peppers, and cilantro in the salsa. I think the brisket tacos are slowly gaining a "world famous" title. Plus, you just gotta love a place with "free beer tomorrow" written on the sign!
MAP IT FROM: ??? DATE: ???
404-352-9009 This resturant stands out above the rest. I love the Shrimp Enchiladas there! And this was the first place I had Mole Sauce. As you can imagine I was relieved to know it wasn't made from Moles and after that first taste... Heaven! This could be the new Headquarters for that heavily populated group known as "The Atlanta Area ChileHeads"!


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Dr John Swettenham
Division of Psychology and Language Science, 2 Wakefield Street
Chandler House, UCL
WC1N 9PF
j.swettenham@ucl.ac.uk
Reader in Developmental Psychopathology
Language & Cognition
My research focuses on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and related neurodevelopmental conditions. I have been interested in whether joint attention skills could be a marker for identifying ASD at an earlier age; how pivotal joint attention is in the development of later occurring social communication skills; and whether perceptual and attentional impairments underlie a joint attention impairment. The latter area of research has also extended into a broader interest in perceptual and attentional atypicalities in ASD – including perception of biological motion and our new proposal that ASD is characterised by increased perceptual capacity (see the article in Scientific American). Research with children with cerebral palsy, who also have severe motor impairment and limited speech, has been examining how joint attention and eye pointing are used for communication. Working in collaboration with colleagues at UCL and Great Ormond Street Hospital our team has developed an assessment for functional gaze control; examined the role of attention in communication; developed a brief test for fuctional vision to be used in schools; and an eye pointing classification scale for clinical use. Other research looks at social communication more generally, including work on bullying and theory of mind; the study of autism-like symptoms in children with visual impairment; and recent work with children who have ASD and are also deaf.
15-JUN-2016 Reader Division of Psychology and Language Science UCL, United Kingdom
1991 PhD Doctor of Philosophy – Psychology University of York
1986 BSc Hons Bachelor of Science (Honours) – Psychology University of York


Entries in the 2016 HM Awards for Hotel and Accommodation Excellence, presented by Sealy Posturepedic, have been extended until Friday June 24.
Entries are once more open to staff and properties across Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific, and are processed online at www.hmawards.com.au.
Annually, over 700 different properties are nominated and after a lengthy voting process by a key judging panel involving 50 industry professionals and travel media, the finalists and winners are then decided.
In the last 13 years, over 7100 people have attended the HM Awards presented by Sealy Posturepedic and more than 550 awards have been awarded to hotels across Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific.
The 2016 HM Awards presented by Sealy Posturepedic gala presentation dinner is being held at Sydney Town Hall on Friday, September 2, 2016.
Reserve your table now by emailing James Wilkinson on jwilkinson@intermedia.com.au or by calling +61 (0)2 8586 6204.


Our political leaders must speak out to guarantee the inalienable right of pooches and kitties to wed the doggie or pussycat they love, regardless of gender!
Bookmark this page and keep checking for your own comments. While we're being inundated, we'll post them as soon as the cats get off the keyboard and let us!
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Home Gaming Gaming News Mortal Kombat NetherRealm Studios Nintendo PC Games PlayStation PS4 Xbox Xbox Games NetherRealm Studios Confirms That Team Raids Are Coming To Mortal Kombat 11
NetherRealm Studios Confirms That Team Raids Are Coming To Mortal Kombat 11
at 9/26/2019 07:49:00 PM Gaming, Gaming News, Mortal Kombat, NetherRealm Studios, Nintendo, PC Games, PlayStation, PS4, Xbox, Xbox Games,
Team Raids Are Coming to Mortal Kombat 11
Earlier this year, Mortal Kombat 11 launched and continues to receive new content. The latest addition fans have to expect is a new co-op mode, Team Raids. This challenge will put a team of three players against boss characters, encouraging teamwork in a way not usually considered for 2D fighting titles.
However, Team Raids are expected to launch in a future update, but release date details are not yet publicly known for now.
NetherRealm Studios shared the news with fans during yesterday's Kombat Kast stream. YouTuber Dynasty isolated the section of the Kombat Kast where talk of the Team Raids mode starts. Check out the video embedded below:
Mortal Kombat 11's new co-op mode will see teams of three battle a boss character on "separate fight lines." While the raids occur in real-time, players will only be able to see the health bars of their compatriots. Therefore, each player's screen will look as though only they are battling the boss, while the UI indicates otherwise.
To gain better chances of winning, the team will have a number of challenges to beat, each offering modifiers upon completion. One modifier may give the whole team a health boost; another will offer damage increases per attack.
In order to complete challenges, all of which are timed, everyone has to participate in them. Hence, you can see a Team Raid in action in the video above at the 1:40 mark.
Mortal Kombat 11 is already out on the PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, PC, and Xbox One platforms. Expect even more content from the title in the coming months, as DLC characters continue to roll out.
Up next on the DLC roster is Terminator T-800, set to launch on October 8th. Sindel will arrive later in the year on November 26th. Both the Joker and Spawn are slated to arrive early in 2020.
Gaming, Gaming News, Mortal Kombat, NetherRealm Studios, Nintendo, PC Games, PlayStation, PS4, Xbox, Xbox Games


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Q: Celery raises unexpected: ModuleNotFoundError while python script doesn't on linux I'm working on a simple, pure python project that uses celery+redis for background tasks. The project structure is like this:
-project
  - tasks.py
  - logic.py

and I have a task like following:
@app.task
def some_task(x,y):
    from logic import LogicRunner
    LogicRunner.run()

And the problem is that It works on my computer! But when I running the script in a Linux server it raise the following error:
raised unexpected: ModuleNotFoundError("No module named 'logic'")
When I run the tasks.py synchronously everything works well. It runs the task without using .delay() and sends the task without any problem to celery.
I tried to add and remove __init__.py to the project but it doesn't help.
Wherever I search I can't find the reason or solution and I'm really confused and I guess the problem is related to celery/Linux.
I knew I can containerize the project but I want to know the reason behind this problem.

I use the following command inside the project folder to run celery
$ celery -A tasks worker --loglevel=INFO

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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There are three Academic Games leagues in Louisiana, all near the New Orleans metropolitan area
Jefferson Parish Academic Games League
New Orleans Academic Games League
St. Bernard Parish Academic Games League
The top qualifiers from each of the three leagues are invited to the Louisiana Academic Games Invitational, held before each national tournament. The competition consists of two rounds of On-Sets and two rounds of Equations.
Established: Jefferson Parish teams competed in the New Orleans Academic Games League for many years, until the growth of participation became the impetus to form a separate league in 1975.
Contact Lana Andrews, Elementary Coordinator
Ashton LeBourgeois, Secondary Coordinator
Games Equations
Divisions Elementary (4-5)
Senior (11-12)
Format Extracurricular; practices after school at each individual school
Equations: One-day competition, during school
On-Sets: One-day competition, during school
Propaganda: One-day competition, during school
LinguiSHTIK: One-day competition, during school
Presidents: One-day competition, during school
Established The first Academic Games tournament in New Orleans took place during the Christmas holidays of 1966-67 at Mount Carmel Academy. A team from Mount Carmel had participated in the first national Academic Games tournament in Fort Lauderdale, FL, the previous spring and taught the game of Equations to students and teachers from other New Orleans schools that fall. The Christmas tournament, in addition to Equations, included the game of Propaganda. The New Orleans Equations League was formed in 1967 by Brother Neal Golden and other teachers whose students had participated in the tournament. The charter members were all Catholic high schools.
Contact Brother Neal Golden, Director
Website www.noagl.org
Divisions Learners (Grades 3-5)
Elementary (Grade 6 and below)
Middle (Grade 8 and below)
Junior (Grade 10 and below)
Senior (Grade 12 and below)
Equations: Two after school competitions, 4 rounds
On-Sets: Two after school competitions, 4 rounds
Propaganda: Two after school competitions, 4 rounds
Presidents: Two after school competitions, 2 rounds
Current Events: One after school competition, 2 rounds
Other NOAGL includes public and private schools in Orleans and Jefferson. Unlike athletic associations, NOAGL makes no distinctions concerning the size of schools. Students play against all other contestants entered for their grade level of competition.
Established The first Academic Games tournament in St. Bernard took place in December of 1993. 98 students from elementary and middle schools participated in the event. The only game played that year was Equations. On-Sets was added to the competition the following school year and the number of participants increased. During the 1996-97 school year, over 300 elementary, middle, and high school students participated in the local tournaments. 30 of the highest scoring individuals attended the national tournament in Kissimmee, FL. They brought home a winning team trophy and two undefeated players.
Contact Melinda Hall, St. Bernard Parish School System
Website http://www.stbernard.k12.la.us/acgames.asp
Format Extracurricular


The most bride at your wedding party in this white wedding dress! It features a lovely bodice with a sweetheart neckline arousing your interest. The long-length skirt with loose fit falling from high waist has a sheer tier that will let you floang through the party with her perfect and flawless figure. The back is accented with a hidden zipper and ruching attached a brush train. You will dump on this white prom dress!


The director of the high school's major production admits she's been running on stress and not much else.
"Everyone has been keeping me sane," Vicky Hynes, said.
"It's been very stressful but I've loved it all.
The production of Meant To Be opens tonight and closes on Saturday.
Yesterday's final dress rehearsal was also the chance to give primary school pupils a sneak preview of what Vicky describes as an "exciting action-packed show".
"There's lots of singing and dancing and a lovely high school romance as well," she said.
Vicky said the pupils have taken ownership of the show and because of their own personalities, the show is something unique and special.
"This is the first theatrical opportunity for many of them and they've risen to the occasion really well.
And yes, the butterflies have taken flight Vicky admits.
"They're flapping away at the moment and it's the same for the performers, but in true theatrical fashion, we'll be fine on the night," she said.
True love triumphed over all in Dannevirke High School's production of the musical Meant to Be.
With the high school cast being mainly novices who had never appeared on stage before, director Vicky Hynes said she was pleased with the way everybody had pulled together.
Not even a last-minute reshuffle of cast members could put the show off its stride. In a twist on the usual Romeo and Juliet theme of star-crossed lovers finding true love against family opposition, teachers Tom Nyktos and Megan Andrews find love in the school staffroom, but it is their children, Michelle Nyktos and Adam Andrews, who are against the match.
Michelle and Adam have a thing of their own going and after their friend, Warren, a self-styled legal whiz convinces them that if their respective parents get together, they would become brother and sister, and hence not able to marry, they decide to try and scuttle their parents' romance.
"Even though we are going to be living in the same household, I'm still going to miss you," Adam tells Michelle. Tom and Michelle are newcomers to Earlswood School, supposedly one of the leading schools in the country. In the original script written for an Australian audience, the pair come to Melbourne from the backblocks. Miss Hynes said she had been in touch with the work's Australian writer, who had given them the go-ahead to change the story to a New Zealand setting, so that Tom and Michelle came from Eketahuna to Wellington.
Having a high school setting made it easier to put the production together, and the cast members had a good chemistry on stage.
The choreography and music were excellent, with the Hannah Wallace dancers adding their own brand of colour.
Cast members moved well together with the "love at first sight" scene between Michelle and Adam being reminiscent of the Summer Nights scene in Grease.
CW gave the kind of singing and acting performance with which local audiences are now familiar, while HL showed that she is not far behind and looks set to go further still.
The male band members, Adam, Warren, Nic, Ross and Jon had a good chemistry on stage.
In the story, true love does win out, with the final scene being the parents' wedding, with other romances among the cast's characters developing along the way.


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Home / Destinations / Agios Nikolaos / Where to Go
Agios Dimitrios and Trahila
Agios Dimitrios is a small village with a little harbour, which once was the anchorage for Kapetanios Christeas of Stoupa and Platsa. The harbour was protected by the tower which formed part of a small complex on the headland above. In 1795, J B S Morrit, a traveller, wrote;
"The tower of Capitano Christea was a small distance from the port and adjoining it were outbuildings and a long hall of entertainment. We dined with the family at 12 o'clock and after dinner went to the great room of the castle. In it, and on the green before it, we found near a hundred people assembled and partaking of the chief's hospitality."
Morrit also identifies this as the site that Pausanias called Pephnos where:
"There is a little isle off shore no bigger than a big rock….The people of Thalamai say this is where the Dioscouri were born… On this little island there are bronze statues of the Dioscouri a foot high standing on the island in the open air. When the sea sweeps over the rock in winter it never moves them. This is a wonderful thing, and also the ants here have a whiter colour than is usual." (For Dioscouri – see Kardamyli).
The village has a taverna overlooking a small pebbly beach.
The road continues and deteriorates a little to Trahila, where it terminates. Trahila has an end of the road feel to it and has not really been affected by the growth in tourism just to the north. Its houses are large and handsome, reflecting the importanceand wealth it enjoyed in earlier times when nearly all movement was by sea. There are a couple of 'old-style' tavernas overlooking the harbour, and even in August you have the sense of having moved back in time.
towards Platsa
To get back to the main road turn right at Pantazi Beach. Continuing south, a fairly immediate left takes you to Ano Riglia and Eleohori (the turning to Lower Riglia is a little further back). Both Riglias are picturesque villages to wander around and Eleohori is dramatically perched on a rocky outcrop. A green walkers' sign points to a path down into the gorge below. This walk leads to Milea and then on to Yiatrissa – part of a pilgrimage route.
The main road now starts to wind its way upwards. Pigi nestles in a valley just before you reach the plateau. The road in off the main road is unsigned but is by a public phone box and walker's sign. To drive in involves a self-activated traffic light system as the lane is very narrow. Press the button on the pole to your left as the road narrows – this lets someone at the other end know you are coming. Alternatively, if you don't trust the system, park further up the road where there is space after a tight bend and walk down the steps into the village. There is a taverna on the main square which seems to vary from year to year in terms of being operational or not.
Platsa
Platsa must once have the grandest square in the area. A 20th century church dominates the space, which is surrounded by large, 'neo-classical' town houses. On one side there are two kafenia and on the opposite side the schoolhouse is now an atmospheric bar. The village taverna is at the end of a left turn before you reach the square. It has great views down to the coast so get there before the sunsets. Platsa was a stronghold of Kapetanios Christeas. Agios Dimitrios on the coast below was its harbour – protected by the tower built there by the Christeas family. There are no dominant towers in Platsa but it is easy to see that the old houses were built with defence in mind, and indeed Platsa was attacked by the Turks several times during the 17th century. Leake reported in 1805 that a Christodoulo Christea of Leftro governed Platsa, which contained over 1000 houses (making it one of the largest settlements in the Mani). The Christeas family name still exists in Platsa. Its narrow lanes are interesting to explore and once again there are a number of churches to have a look at – refer to the map above.
Agia Paraskevi ('Saint Friday') is a small barrel vaulted church with a transverse barrel vault half way across its length and no dome. The outside is decorated with cloisonné brickwork bands in an X or diamond shape pattern, though the stonework is generally rather rough and ready. Above the west door are three cloisonné decorated niches. It is probably 13th century and inside there is a mix of paintings in terms of date. It is not locked.
Agios Ioannis is also accessible as the key is usually kept just above the door. There are two internal columns, one of which has been recycled from a much earlier, possibly classical building. Some of the frescos have been whitewashed over but the zodiac (part of the Ainoi), and the crucifixion are just about detectable and the bema paintings have also escaped being painted over.
Agios Demetrios is a largish single-cell barrel-vaulted church which has no particularly interesting architectural features and no paintings but has a number of interestingly carved marbles inset into the floor and internal steps to the bema. The view from the door of the church northwards over towards Stoupa is worth the short walk.
The church of Agios Nikolaos, Kabinari, is south of the village down a dirt rack off the main road, just past a taverna with equally great views. The local football team play nearby. The church is one of the oldest surviving churches in the Mani, originally built in the 9th or 10th century with three adjacent barrel vaulted chambers – probably based on the plan of a three-naved basilica. The dome was added later. Interior doorways allow access between the three chambers but they also have separate exterior doors in the west wall. The two flanking chambers are slightly narrower than the central chamber. The left hand chamber is in the worst condition. There is no plaster on the ceiling but a few faded frescos remain on the wall. The templon is carved marble. The right hand chamber has some very good frescos depicting the life of St. Nicholas. There is one curious fresco of some sailors aboard a ship which is in danger of running onto rocks. They have reversed their oars to 'fend off' and their distress is clearly shown in their faces. St. Nicholas is depicted on board the ship in his role of Patron of Fishermen while a sailor dangles upside-down from the mast, with his leg caught in a rope with a black, winged 'devil' hovering close by. The frescos in the main apse are of exceptional artistry, although suffering from age and oil lamps, and are of a unique style in Mani – possibly an artist from Mystras. The church is locked but the priest in Platsa has the keys (if you can find him).
Nomitsi
There are a number of churches and old houses, many of which are derelict, in Nomitsi. However, the churches do not really compare to those in Proastio, Kastania or Platsa, and to avoid church overkill, details will be omitted bar two. You cannot miss the church of the Agii Anargyroi as you almost crash into it as you leave the main street of the village. Anargyroi translates as 'without silver' and refers to saints Cosmas & Damian who were twins who gave their medical skills to the poor for free. The church is probably 13th century. There is a stone templon and a variety of frescoes, the oldest of which are of the medieval period, although the state of repair is extremely poor. There are faded depictions of military saints in medieval Byzantine armour, a hardly discernible Crucifixion above the door, and other fragmentary remains: Agios Georgios is spearing a coiled and scaled serpent/dragon. If the church is locked, try asking at the taverna opposite, which itself is a great place to have a no-frills meal in the evening. The other church, which is further along the main road just out of the village, is a little gem – the 11th century Church of the Metamorphosis. There are some faded frescos (which desperately need preservation) but more impressive are the carvings on the templon and four supporting columns.
Thalames
Almost as soon as you leave Nomitsi, you are in Thalames. Pausanias records Thalames as being one of the Free Lakonian Cities, where there was a sanctuary and an oracle of Ino:
"The oracles are given in sleep: whatever people ask to be told, the goddess reveals it to them in dreams. There are bronze statues in the sanctuary in the open air, one of Pasiphae, the other of the Sun. It is impossible to get a clear look at the statue in the temple itself because of the wreaths, but they say it is made of bronze like the others. Fresh drinking water runs from a sacred water-spring; Pasiphae is a title of the Moon, not a local divinity of Thalamai."
Plato says the oracle was Pasiphae's, not Ino's and this makes more sense. Robert Graves in "The Greek Myths" says the Kings of Sparta frequently consulted this oracle.(Ino was a goddess of the sea and saved Odysseus from drowning when his raft was shattered by a storm sent by Poseidon.) The site of the 'sacred water spring' is thought to have been the 'Jews' Well' in the square on the main road. You can see a covered fountain just below the taverna 'O Platanos' (the Plane tree) and 50 metres north of the fountain, just below the school, is the Jews' Well. Steps lead down to two arches, through which you can see the well. The large stone blocks at the base of the outside wall and inside the well itself are said to be of ancient origin. One of the stones set in the outer wall looks like a fragment from an old gravestone. The fountain below the taverna had a series of inscribed and ornamented classical, marble stones built into the facade of the arch which covers it but in 1996 two of these marbles were stolen and now the rest have been removed for safe keeping. Next to the fountain is the pedestal of a statue and the inscription is a dedication to the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius. You can clearly see that the pedestal supported two statues and close inspection of the inscription shows that, to the left the words have been deliberately obliterated. The owner of the museum opposite believes it to have been a dedication to Roman Emperor Caracalla. (As of 2008 this statue base has also been removed whilst the plateia is refurbished. It will, apparently, return.)
The ancient city of Thalames is thought to have stood north east of the Jews' Well, on the high ground behind the school. To the left of the school, a narrow concrete road leads up behind the village. Off to the right of this road there is another old well with crude steps leading below ground level. It is not easy to see from the road but there are some stone troughs right by the well which can lead you to it. Fifty metres to the north east of this is the possible site of the temple of the goddess, tentatively identified by some Hellenic masonry. A few hundred metres further up this concrete road there is a small Byzantine church on the hillside, which is similar in size and construction to the Metamorphosis church at Nomitsi, and some frescos remain. It is dedicated to Profitas Ilias and is early 13th century. The frescos inside are also said to be 13th Century.
Back in the square, the 'Mani Museum' opposite the school is a private collection of miscellaneous items including agricultural and domestic implements, early prints, a few weapons, church artefacts, Lord Byron first editions and autographs and more. Across the square, the Morea olive oil press is open to visitors and the taverna is very pleasant.
Lagada
Two kilometres beyond Thalames is Lagada. This is a fascinating village, which, unlike most of the Exo Mani villages, was divided into family or clan areas like the villages of Inner Mani further south. Lagada had three main divisions. The Bloutsos family were centred in 65 houses around the main square with the beautiful church of Metamorphosis Sotiras. The area around the Kapitsinos War Tower in the south of the village consisted of a further tower dwelling (only half of which remains), a round tower and 90 houses belonging to four allied families. Above this was the Tsicholianika area with twenty houses and a church. The old houses are obviously built with defence in mind and walking through the narrow lanes is fascinating.
The main square of the village is dominated by the church of Metamorphosis Sotiras, which is probably 11th Century. It used to be encased in concrete and plaster but this was removed in the mid 1980s to reveal stonework decorated with the most wonderful cloisonné brickwork, especially on the belfry. The inside of the church has also been plastered over but tentative exploration has revealed some frescos beneath this. There is still a great deal of work to be done to expose these frescos once again and there is a written appeal and collection box for donations to carry on and complete this task. The local papas will open for you and can usually be found in the café nearby.
A narrow lane leads from the north-west corner of this square up to the church of Agia Sofia, which, although in a semi-ruined condition, is worth a visit because of its unusual architecture. The narrow lane turns into a very well made kalderimi and the church is a short walk further on your right hand side. The original outer covering of the roof is missing and close to the belfry you can see two curious humps which, when you enter the church, turn out to be two domes set in the ceiling of the exonarthex and the narthex. Some restoration work has begun.
From Lagada the road follows the contours around a gorge and on the coast below you can see Trahila, protected by the small headland jutting out into the sea. Approximately 5 kilometres from Lagada is the village of Agios Nikon. The village is named after Saint Nikon the Repenter – the soldier, monk and missionary who is credited with converting much of the Mani to Christianity.


text:
Zilverhill – Latent-Active-Descent
CD, Adeptsound, 2009
www.myspace.com/zilverhill
This is a gloomy, twilit descent into dark but inspiring territories. While it brightens towards the end, a melancholy air clings to it, and its darker passages are uneasy and tense. This is probably not recommended for anyone prone to Seasonal Affective Disorder, or suffering from serious depression, although for some the bleakness might actually be consoling. The final track is even titled "To Autumn".
Zilverhill features industrial/experimental veterans Tim Bayes of Schuster and Paul Carr of pRESENT dAY bUNA. They first worked together in the 1980s as IBF (Ideas Beyond Filth). All these projects are new to me but on this evidence they must be worth investigating further.
Overall, the album sits loosely in the cinematic dark ambient sector, but with some distinctive touches. The opening "Cornerstone" demonstrates Zilverhill's skill at combining woozy, strangely decayed chords, dialogue samples and an almost tangible pressure created by a growing fog of sound that only becomes denser on the following tracks.
The fog-bound, elegiac strings and mournful percussion of "Unceasing" produce an atmosphere not unlike the defunct German industrial project SRP. This is the most cinematic piece and the album's finest moment. The brightest moment, by constrast, comes from the unexpectedly melodic opening of "Sixteen Provinces", which initially seems a little too kitsch, but it's worth tolerating to hear dark drones and a swirl of voices gradually infiltrate and prevail before it again returns. "Erebus" is its dark twin and is certainly the most sinister track.
"Cone" features distressed choral samples and drones that create a gloomy atmosphere reminiscent of the drones on the soundtrack to Bela Tarr's seven-hour film "Satantango" – a remorselessly bleak slice of Central European gloom. There is an unresolved contradiction on the album between the European feel generated by some of the music and the extensive use of American voice samples, many of which are partly lost in the murk and hard to make out. Some non-American voices might have been interesting, as would more purely instrumental tracks. That said, most of the samples are used well and often add significantly to the atmosphere.
"Latent-Active-Descent" is so well produced that it's only small details that can really be faulted. "The Eternal Day Is Done" features uneasy, animal-like sounds that irritate, but this is probably deliberate. Here, as elsewhere, the work of Inanna comes to mind, particularly when harsh metallic sound cuts through the constantly shifting detail.
This is only a limited release, which is a real shame, as it deserves a wide audience. The arrangements breathe and the elements shimmer in a way that shows that real craftsmanship and attention to detail have gone into what is one of the most satisfying albums of the year. There is nothing revolutionary or dramatically innovative about any of the elements here, yet they cohere into something that often feels fresh and instantly memorable, leaving lasting traces and compelling and rewarding repeat listening.
— Alexei Monroe
Tagged 2009, adeptsound, latent-active-descent, zilverhill
Geneviéve Pasquier – Le Cabaret Moi


Last Sunday out in the forest we came across a hunter-person on the Twilight Zone, which at least contributed some legitimacy to the name of the trail. Four dogs with shock collars and a guy in an orange vest with a shotgun strolling along through our newly acquisitioned specific use designated land parcel. Was he allowed to be there? Were we allowed to be there?
What if everyone just did whatever they wanted out there and we all just dealt with it? Horses and motorcycles and birdwatchers and salamander collectors and mountain bike riders and white goods disposal persons and homeless folk trying to get away from it all, wouldn't that be cool? Plenty of room for everyone out there I say. Just leave your brown mohair jersey at home and get a bell.
On other fronts, The Human Wrecking Ball has branched out. In a spin off on par with Joanie Loves Chachie, he can now be found at www.wreckingballblog.blogspot.com (pretend I hyperlinked it). Go say hi, he has to be lonely over there.
Sasquatch keeps bragging about his incredible diet program, which I have staunchly avoided since it involves something called Ubo oil or Ouzo oil, but the other day he walked in with a bag of Chik-fil-A so I'm thinking it might not be such a bad program after all.
Mel (Not his real name) is a domestic juggernaut. He is hunkered down in snowy Westchester county and he keeps sending me pictures of cappuccino art, emphasis on the microfoam, and loaves of homemade bread. He has a regular laboratory of comfort going on up there. If you are a single woman, or looking to stray in the New York area, and you have an attraction-or at least no aversion- to cranky Asians, then you should definitely look him up.
What else? I couldn't really say. Oh yeah, thank God our delegates don't count in Florida. Yeah, I went there, so what?
Dramatic tension is what drives the reader, as well as the writer, further into a story. Dramatic tension keeps them coming back. Without an inherent struggle between good and evil, east coast and west coast, Sneetches with stars and Sneetches without, a blog is just another vanity license plate that reads something like 2KUL4U.
Don't get me wrong, many of you out there can serve as a nemesis in a pinch. I even hung up on S'quatch yesterday while he was talking. He was trying to sap my motivation to ride on the most beautiful day of the year. If that's not evil, well, that's definitely evil.
I could wage bike blog jihad on Bigworm over at Apebike, but he carries the goodwill of the people and any move against him would be sure to backfire.
I also want to be challenged as a writer, so that leaves out the obvious choices like W, Karl Rove, hippies, Wal-Mart, the Taliban, people who can't drive and talk on cell phones, and Yankees, not the baseball team, but people who live in the North.
A real challenge would be to take the fight to someone like the Buddhist Monks (lazy beggars!) or to declare kittens eating ice cream to be the antithesis of everything the Big Ring Circus stands for (when in fact they are its essence).
Simple, steady miles, that's what is called for. The last two days of riding in the morning solves all kinds of problems. Increased mental acuity and motivation for work post-ride, earlier dinner, earlier bedtime. I feel like a hundred bucks!
The weekend of April 18 I will be headed to the mountains of North Carolina and Georgia for the annual Spring Rendevous. There has been talk of Bigworm and Company joining us in some sort of global merger, so consider this an invitation. Any of the rest of you from Yorkshire to Timbuctoo, from San Diego to Kalamazoo, from Leesburg to Pittsburg, you can come too. Details to follow, but I can pretty much spell it out like this- Camp on the Davison River near Brevard, ride Pisgah, Dupont, relocate to Tsali for a night and come home.
Don't expect me to be sniveling in the back with a note pinned to my shirt by then either. Punks.
After being treated like a punk kid brother on Sunday I took the only recourse available to me and I rode with my actual younger brother (more punk than kid now) yesterday. His Jamis Durango has been collecting dust for about 8 months so it wasn't hard for me to feel like I could drop him at any time. That's good for the ego. Mine anyway, not so much his. If he ever wakes up we're going out for more this morning. We'll see about all that.
Before you go over to Bigworm's place and read his "shiny happy people" version of the ride yesterday, you owe it to yourselves to stick with the BRC version, otherwise known as the truth.
It was the coldest ride of the year, and not cold enough to impress upon some of you the ache and challenge this presented to us thin-blooded Southern folk, but cold all the same. It is a matter of perspective and acclimatization. The coldest ride is the coldest ride no?
I was wearing 4 or 5 layers and carrying more just in case I had to spend the night out there (Mystery the Untameable Stallion was involved). Towards the end I was wishing I had thought to bring fuel instead and didn't relish the thought of slurping on a corner of my polypro longjohns to obtain a few nutrients.
We rode the godforsaken Twilight Zone trail, crown jewel of the new trail initiative. With the clearcuts, the shotgun shells, the sand pits, and the whoop de doo's short on whoop or do, it was a less than lovely tromp thorugh the forest, the sound of wheezing occasionally disrupted by a fusillade from the firing range nearby ( I hope it was a firing range, I tell myself it was a firing range).
After extended periods of solitude I would abruptly ride up on the rest of the group feeling like Tom Hanks at the reception party in Castaway. The awkwardness of socialization quickly passed as the group wasted no time once again disappearing up the trail.
Whew-eeee! Tomorrow looks to be cold and wet, much like the last two days were, which means conditions will be good for toughening up, and bad for enjoying your ride. Sunday however, with a forecast of a low of 29 and dry sunny skies, might be a good call for a special outing, in full bundle gear. Maybe the Line Tract is up on the dance card? Maybe, what do they call that Brigadoon, that Xanadu? Ah yes, The Pinhook River.
Or perhaps I will simply phone in a quick lap of the Cadillac and hurry back to the couch, there's really no telling, but smart money has to take the couch.
The first night, last hour, of Driving School?
Kim Jong Il's elite Special Forces team?
The remaining fans of the Florida State University football team?
No sillies! It is the resurrection of Fat of the Land/SORBA, our local mountain bike trail advocacy and cheap car insurance provider organization.
Word on the trail is that major and minor improvements are in store for most of the trails in the area. Under the Al Quaida cell structure of new director, Roboboy,and with the substantial support of the Cobra Kai cycling organization each trail will have its own steward and work with the landowner on a management plan. Our own Aucilla Sinks will be providing oversight as Grand Wizard of Singletrack.
Bridges at Cadillac, a haircut for the imaginary Twilight Zone trail, and a 12 hour race at Tom Brown Park are but a few of the rumors on the table.
I don't recognize many of these people so I have to wonder, are they really riding their bikes, or is the real question, am I really riding mine?
Let's take a moment to thank Scot B. for his early efforts to organize and motivate the riding community, every step begins with a single journey. Best of luck to him as he opens his new bio diesel station/Alpaca farm in Lamont, FL.
Now that San Felasco has passed most of the riders I know will let their guard down, enjoying a few weeks of relative downtime after accomplishing their winter goal. S'quatch's hand will find its way into the cookie jar, others will follow his example with unprecedented stretches of laziness and ennui.
While they exchange high fives at the bike shop reliving their best "50" moments, I will crack out of my carbonite casing and begin spring training.
Today it is cold and wet, and not just Florida cold, but cold like a soggy winter day in Portland- the perfect day to get the drop on the pack. It will be miserable and slippery, hands will be numb and toes will be numb, but if I can just talk myself onto the bike, there is a chance I can pull it together in time for a trip to Tsali in April.
In light of recent poor decision-making I have taken up chess again to clear my musty brain. So far I have lost three and tied one, not a very good record, but possible proof that the correlation between strategic decsion-making in game theory is a fair measure of one's ability to choose effective life decisions.
Lately I have been trapped in zugzwang, a moment known to chess in which one is compelled to move, and yet every possible course leaves one's position weaker.
To sit and do nothing would be preferable, but the rules of the game do not allow one to "take a pass".
It is the move you make before the zugzwang that means everything.


text:
Istočno Novo Sarajevo (, lit. "East New Sarajevo") is a municipality of the city of Istočno Sarajevo located in Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 10,642 inhabitants.

It was created from part of the pre-war municipality of Novo Sarajevo (the other part of the pre-war municipality is now in the City of Sarajevo in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina).
The municipality was formerly known as Srpsko Novo Sarajevo (, "Serb New Sarajevo") and is still informally known as Lukavica (Serbian Cyrillic: Лукавица).
From 2012 till 2020, the mayor was Ljubiša Ćosić (SNSD).
On 27 June 2014, a statue to Gavrilo Princip was inaugurated in Lukavica. The city park (gradski park) was also named after Princip.

In East New Sarajevo there is one elementary school "Sveti Sava" (Grades 1–9) and one high school "Srednja stručna škola 28. Juni". Four faculties of the University of East Sarajevo are situated in the municipality: the Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Music Academy and Faculty of Agriculture.

The municipality also hosts the headquarters of the State Investigation and Protection Agency (SIPA) and of the Institute for Textbooks and Teaching Aids (Zavod za udžbenike, INS).

The local football club is Slavija Istočno Sarajevo that plays in the second League of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Basketball Club Slavija is a basketball club from the City of East Sarajevo (East New Sarajevo municipality) that competes in the National Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Demographics

Population

Ethnic composition

Gallery

References

External links

 Official website

Municipalities of Republika Srpska
Populated places in Istočno Novo Sarajevo
Istočno Sarajevo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Die Dioecesis Pontica () war eine spätantike Verwaltungseinheit (Dioecesis) des Römischen bzw. Oströmischen Reiches. Sie bestand von 314 bis 535 und von 548 bis in das 7. Jahrhundert. Hauptort war Amasia.

Gebietsstruktur
Die Dioecesis Pontica umfasste folgende 7 Provinzen:
 Bithynia
 Cappadocia
 Galatia
 Paphlagonia
 Diospontus
 Pontus Polemoniacus
 Armenia minor

Geschichte
Das Römische Reich war zunächst in 46 Provinzen aufgeteilt, die von Diokletian im Wesentlichen durch Aufteilung um 300 nach Christus auf 101 Provinzen erhöht wurden, die wiederum in Diözesen zusammengefasst wurden. Der Leiter der Diözesen (und Provinzen) war der Vicarius, Stellvertreter des nach 312 aus dem militärischen Prätorianerpräfekten hervorgegangenen Zivilbeamten. Bereits bei der Reichsteilung 395 wurde die Struktur der Diözesen geändert in vier Präfekturen, 15 Diözesen und 119 Provinzen. Die spätantike Diözesanstruktur wurde erst angesichts der islamischen Expansion (ab 630) zugunsten der Themenverfassung aufgegeben.

Literatur
 Timothy D. Barnes: The new empire of Diocletian and Constantine. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA) 1982, ISBN 0-674-61126-8, S. 201–208.
 Theodor Mommsen: Verzeichniss der roemischen Provinzen aufgesetzt um 297. In: Abhandlungen der Berliner Akademie der Wissenschaften. Phil.-hist. Klasse. 1862, S. 489–518 ().
 Otto Seeck: Notitia dignitatum: accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et laterculi provinciarum. Weidmann, Berlin 1876, S. 247–251 ().

Gegründet 314
Pontica
Pontos


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Explicit 345.5 - The Way of the Comic Book!
Explicit 339 - MARVEL COMICS - Amazing Spider-Man Red Goblin!
Explicit 338 - IDW Publishing - TMNT-Ghostbusters 2!


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Congratulations to Olympic medal winner Laura
Student Attendance & Engagement Monitoring
Glasgow Caledonian University Principal and Vice Chancellor Professor Pamela Gillies has congratulated GCU graduate Laura Bartlett following her medal-winning performance at the Olympic Games.
Laura, 24, who graduated with a BA Business Studies in 2010, has won the admiration of Scots across the country, including Shona Robison, Minister for Commonwealth Games and Sport, who described her as a "hockey hero" after Team GB's triumph over New Zealand in a thrilling match to clinch the bronze medal on Saturday.
It was Laura's second appearance at the Games – she was called up to the squad for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing while still a student and has since notched up more than 40 caps for Great Britain and nearly 60 for Scotland since her international debut in 2007.
Professor Gillies said:
"We are incredibly proud of Laura's Olympic medal achievement. Laura has had an amazingly successful sporting career, but to be part of a medal winning team at the Olympic Games takes this one step further.
"We know she had to come back from a serious knee injury in 2010 so her dedication and commitment to her sport and her team is to be commended. The London 2012 Olympics have been an amazing success and I hope many of our current students are inspired by Laura to fully achieve their potential. I know that there is a wider debate about how to secure a lasting Olympic legacy and through initiatives such as our Caledonian Club-led 'Tale of Two Sporting Cities', GCU is committed to playing its part. I hope Laura will be able to visit her university soon, so that we can fully pay tribute to her efforts and success."
Laura grew up in Glasgow and played for her school, Glasgow Academy, from the age of nine. She continued her quest to become one of Britain's top players while studying at GCU and now plays for Reading in England's Investec Women's Premier Division.
Speaking to GCU, Laura said: "The Olympics have been an amazing experience and to win bronze is overwhelming. I have received hundreds of messages of congratulations, many from old school friends I haven't seen in years and people I don't know well, who have said that they have been inspired by Team GB's performance.
"Thanks to Lottery funding, the players were able to train full time to become the best we could be, individually and as a team, so we could take on the best in the world. I have sacrificed a lot for my sport but winning a medal at the Olympics made it all worthwhile."
Meeting the Duchess of Cambridge, Kate Middleton, before and after the Olympics also gave the team a boost.
Laura said: "Kate visited us during a training session before the Olympics and came along to watch the game against China. We were excited to meet her as she is a great supporter of hockey and is interested in how we are performing. Her support and the Olympics have helped raise the profile of hockey and I hope many more young people are inspired to get involved in sport.
Laura's rise to the top of her sport has brought numerous accolades, trophies and medals, as well as the respect of her peers.
In 2011, she was awarded the title of British Olympic Association Athlete of the Year by Great Britain Hockey in recognition of her outstanding performances for Scotland and for demonstrating the Olympic values of friendship, excellence and respect.
The Team GB hockey team - which was made up entirely of graduates and students –battled their way into the history books by winning the Britain's first Olympic medal in the sport for two decades.
Laura, 24, who graduated with a BA Business Studies, has won the admiration of Scots across the country, including Shona Robison, Minister for Commonwealth Games and Sport, who described her as a "hockey hero" after Team GB's triumph over New Zealand in a thrilling match to clinch the bronze medal on Saturday.
Professor Gillies said: "We are incredibly proud of Laura's Olympic medal achievement. Laura has had an amazingly successful sporting career, but to be part of a medal winning team at the Olympic Games takes this one step further.
Pictures: GB Hockey / Ady Kerry


Electric Box 2 is an addictive puzzle game by Twinkle Star Games. Aim of Electric Box is to connect the electricity from the source to the target point. Drag and drop items from the inventory to get power from the main power supply to the target.