Though Aimé Leon Dore is only nine months old, you wouldn't know it by looking. Their strong image can be credited to ALD's owner Teddy Santis, who admits that though the logistics of owning a clothing label comes with a steep learning curve, he feels he has a solid understanding of what makes his favorite brand's—like Nike and A.P.C.—so desirable to customers. He's even made Nike and Jordan's iconic styles a part of ALD's brand identity by including them in lookbooks and hanging from the ceiling of his recent pop-up shop, co-opting their caché and presenting it in a part-tailored, part-streetwear context that perfectly sums up how his customers wear clothes in 2014. Overcoats with hoodies, cable-knit sweaters with sweatpants, and scarves paired with baseball hats, are all part of the high-low balance that makes ALD feel fresh.
For their latest photoshoot, Teddy enlisted photographer Justin Chung to shoot the label's 0214 "New York" collection. Teddy was born and raised in Queens, but the new photoset takes place in Harlem. "We wanted to do something that mis high and low, something that brings out the elegance in what's usually thought to be a not so pretty place," says Santis.


Peter Skopp develops systems software and infrastructure for storage and analysis of molecular dynamics simulations. Prior to joining DESRES, Peter ran his own high frequency trading firm, which he founded in 2007. During a previous stint with the D. E. Shaw group, Peter worked at Juno Online Services; he later worked at United Online (a successor of Juno). Peter holds an M.S. and a B.S. in computer science from Columbia University. Outside of the office, Peter enjoys traveling to remote destinations and spending time with his family.


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Q: How to calculate estimated current taken by DS3231 when it is wired for alarm I am developing a system which is considered to be work for long under battery supply. I have a RTC DS3231 configured in alarm mode and it is also used to wakeup the micro controller. The circuit connection is given below which is taken from the datasheet.

I am going to use this circuit in project. But the problem  is that i wanna know more about the current consumption of this circuit. In datasheet, active power supply current is given by 200uA ( for vcc 3.63V).
I am using a 3.3V vcc. Can anyone help me to find the total current consumption by the above circuit( considering I2c pullup resistors and INT,32Khz pullup resistors).

A: To get the lowest current and have the RTC wakeup your micro you want to turn off VCC to the RTC and run on the battery supply.

I am assuming that your microprocessor goes to sleep but is still connected to the battery ....so you don't need another battery for the DS3231 RTC battery terminal ...just connect your VCC to it. But you will need a digital port on the Micro to drive the I2C pullups and the DS3231 VCC.
Before your micro goes to sleep the last thing you do is turn off the VCC to I2C pullups and DS3231 VCC.
The connection on the DS3231 VBat keeps the timing and alarm comparators/INT* going, and that transition brings your micro out of sleep ...you then enable the DS3231 VCC/Pullups and can use I2C to reset your alarm.
I've no idea what micro you are using but something like an ATMEGA328P will cost you about 7-10 uA in deep sleep (at 3-4.2 V LIon with no regulator) and the DS3231 will cost about 2-3 uA running from the VBat terminal. All up if you arrange your I/O correctly you should be easily able to get down to around <15-20 uA total at 3.3 V.
From comments:
When you turn off VCC  to the DS3231, most of the logic inside is then unpowered. The VBat input only keeps the timing, temperature compensation and comparator logic working. There is no 'calculation' for current when running from VCC, simply the bands of current specified in the datasheet.
For example, the VCC current will be as high as 575-650 uA when temperature conversions occur (which will happen automatically every 64 seconds).
You can read Application note 3644 for more details on the temperature conversions. If you are willing to lose timing accuracy you can turn temperature updates off, this reduces the VBat current to the lowest value ....about 2 uA.
To understand what currents will flow you need to compare current flows for VCC and for VBat (two different sections of the datasheet). You don't want the I2C logic powered unless you need to talk to the chip, at all other times you want it to be off.
You can very simply work out the Clk/Data line high and low currents from the pullup values and the leakage currents. You know the I2C Clk speed you will communicate at, and you know the duty cycle of the clock so only you can make these calculations.
In reality, I would not be concerned too much by the absolute values of I2C, temperature or VCC powered functionality ...you are interested in the average current over time. Your microprocessor may range from just 10 uA or so in deep sleep to 20 mA or more (depending on what peripherals you have powered up). Your aim here is of course to keep the processor asleep most of the time.

A: If your device is battery powered you don't need VCC at all. Check the datasheet, page 10, "Power Control" and "VBAT operation".
If you power the DS3231 from just VBAT it will start up in a low power state with the oscillator disabled. When the microcontroller first talks to it over I2C by sending its address the oscillator will start up. The MCU should configure the DS3231 as required, setting the time and enabling any outputs or alarms it needs.
The I2C bus can be pulled up to VBAT. Once I2C activity finishes the DS3231 will go into low power mode, detailed on page 3:

As you can see you can expect around 3uA in this mode, with an increase to 575uA every 64 seconds as the DS3231 does its temperature compensation cycle.
You only need VCC if you intend to have the rest of the system powered off. For example if you powered the MCU down the I2C pull-ups would begin to reverse-power it if they were tied to VBAT, so the option to use VCC is available. If you run the MCU from VBAT as well there is no issue.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


All Watercolor Tips are FREE!
Painting on Location / Outside / 'en Plein Air!
others prefer to use a TV tray or lap board and paint seated.
Old or inexpensive doormat to keep chair from sinking into soggy grass.
Insulated lunch box or small ice chest for cold drinks/water.
Get out and paint! There is nothing like painting outside....'en Plein air!


Pickleball combines many elements of tennis, badminton and ping-pong and is played on a badminton-sized court and a slightly modified tennis net. The game can be played as doubles or singles with a paddle and a plastic ball with holes. HealthPoint in Cape has a pickleball court and provides equipment for member use or you may bring your own.
Racquetball is another popular racquet sport that is played on a self-contained court. But unlike tennis or badminton, there is no net to hit the ball over and no out of bounds area. Racquetball games can be played with two, three or four players, with doubles or singles matches being most common.
HealthPoint in Jackson has a racquetball court available for member use. Court time can be reserved up to one week out. If the court is not reserved, it is available for open play. A challenge ladder is posted for those who are interested in competitive play. Equipment is also available or you may bring your own.


What do you mean I can't write?
What does a writer do when she cannot write?
I don't mean cannot write in the sense of writer's block; I mean physically cannot? Due to recent laptop repairs I found myself without my computer for almost two weeks. (Repairs aren't entirely fixed… you may notice that the comma key still doesn't work… more repairs to come…) No problem. I can write with a pen!
So here I am enjoying writing by longhand. Enjoying the creative flow as it passes through my ink. Enjoying the inability to backspace and delete. Enjoying not fussing with corrections every time I make a typo. Just writing… free as a bird.
Ho ho. No such luck. Next I conveniently tear a ligament in my wrist while simultaneously pushing down on a metal stake and twisting it at the same time. (Note to self: not good to exert force through a twisting joint.) It is of course my writing hand.
Hmmm. That's a bit of a problem. What now? I try writing with my left hand but that is as useful as an umbrella full of holes.
Voice activated software?? Come now. It won't be that long until your wrist is better. Maybe a week.
A week! Such a long time when I have just started a new novel and my characters are bouncing around in my head and jostling to be heard. But a week it has been. And in that time I have actually found that my characters' voices have become clearer. Their plot paths more tangled (in a good way). And the literary shape of the book has started to appear.
By forcing me to wait my wrist has given me quite a gift. Because instead of bolting head-on into actually writing the chapters (that would inevitably be deleted and rewritten anyway) I actually have a better sense of where to begin.
So perhaps less writing and more thinking was exactly what I needed?
But enough's enough. Now that I can almost type again without pain I have some serious exorcising of character voices from my head to do. They're keeping me up at night.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged author, character, development, fiction, joanne schoenwald, plot, thinking, writers, writing.


We have heard about website owners receiving stock photo settlement demand letters. This is a letter that indicates the site owner has used an image on their site, for which they do not possess the license to use. Often times these letters contain the settlement amount the site owner is required to pay for use of the unlicensed image(s). We've seen letters for as little as $100, and as high as several thousands of dollars (per violating image). The best way to avoid this situation is by always ensuring that you have the licensed rights to the images on your website.
However, in the event that you receive one of these letters, you may wish to explore your options.
Remember, the burden of proof is on the person claiming you've violated the copyright. They need to show they possess the copyright on the material in question.
Removing the questioned image(s) doesn't negate the potential violation however it does show good faith on your part.
Provide the documentation that you have license to use the image.
Wendy and I aren't attorneys, and can't impart legal advice. Here are a couple of links where you can find additional information to guide the process, should you receive one of these copyright infringement letters.
Also … please refer to the previous blogs about where to find royalty free images to use on your websites.


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Should I Invest in a Property?


The Best Western Merry Manor Inn offers ample parking space to accommodate large RV's and buses. Guests traveling to Portland on business will also appreciate the hotel's meeting and banquet space sure to suit any meeting or event need.
The World′s Largest Hotel Family® Each Best Western® branded hotel is independently owned and operated.


Take a look at all our Teenage Dream (2010) Facebook Covers. We have hundreds of high quality Teenage Dream (2010) Covers for you to choose from and use on your facebook profile. So, if you want to find Teenage Dream (2010) Covers for your facebook, fbCoverLover.com is the site to use. We update our Teenage Dream (2010) Facebook Timeline Covers often!


text:
Fitness Profiles in Elite Tactical Units
A Critical Review
Daniel Maupin, Thomas Wills, Robin Orr, Ben Schram
Tactical Research Unit
Elite tactical units complete a variety of demanding tasks and a high level of fitness is required by this population to perform their occupational tasks optimally. The aim of this critical review was to identify and synthesize key findings of studies that have investigated the fitness profiles of elite tactical units. Included studies were critically appraised, using the Downs and Black checklist, and a level of evidence was determined. Relevant data were extracted, tabulated, and synthesized. Fourteen studies were included for review and ranged in percentage quality scores from 46% to 66% with a mean of 57.5%. Moderate interrater agreement (κ = 0.496) existed between raters. A variety of fitness measures were used across various domains of fitness. The most common measures were in the areas of anthropometric measures, strength, power, and aerobic capacity. However, there was high variety in the measures and their protocols. Though fitness appears to be a critical part of research and practice in tactical populations, currently there is no standardized measure or result for this population. Further research in fitness profiling should be completed using standardized outcome measures which cover the spectrum of the fitness demands for this population.
International Journal of Exercise Science
Maupin, D., Wills, T., Orr, R., & Schram, B. (2018). Fitness Profiles in Elite Tactical Units: A Critical Review. International Journal of Exercise Science, 11(3), 1041-1062.
Maupin, Daniel ; Wills, Thomas ; Orr, Robin ; Schram, Ben. / Fitness Profiles in Elite Tactical Units : A Critical Review. In: International Journal of Exercise Science. 2018 ; Vol. 11, No. 3. pp. 1041-1062.
@article{2a3bcc62a1e44aa7b1441e8f5c6c6426,
title = "Fitness Profiles in Elite Tactical Units: A Critical Review",
abstract = "Elite tactical units complete a variety of demanding tasks and a high level of fitness is required by this population to perform their occupational tasks optimally. The aim of this critical review was to identify and synthesize key findings of studies that have investigated the fitness profiles of elite tactical units. Included studies were critically appraised, using the Downs and Black checklist, and a level of evidence was determined. Relevant data were extracted, tabulated, and synthesized. Fourteen studies were included for review and ranged in percentage quality scores from 46{\%} to 66{\%} with a mean of 57.5{\%}. Moderate interrater agreement (κ = 0.496) existed between raters. A variety of fitness measures were used across various domains of fitness. The most common measures were in the areas of anthropometric measures, strength, power, and aerobic capacity. However, there was high variety in the measures and their protocols. Though fitness appears to be a critical part of research and practice in tactical populations, currently there is no standardized measure or result for this population. Further research in fitness profiling should be completed using standardized outcome measures which cover the spectrum of the fitness demands for this population.",
author = "Daniel Maupin and Thomas Wills and Robin Orr and Ben Schram",
journal = "International Journal of Exercise Science",
Maupin, D, Wills, T, Orr, R & Schram, B 2018, 'Fitness Profiles in Elite Tactical Units: A Critical Review', International Journal of Exercise Science, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1041-1062.
Fitness Profiles in Elite Tactical Units : A Critical Review. / Maupin, Daniel; Wills, Thomas; Orr, Robin; Schram, Ben.
In: International Journal of Exercise Science, Vol. 11, No. 3, 16.08.2018, p. 1041-1062.
T1 - Fitness Profiles in Elite Tactical Units
T2 - A Critical Review
AU - Maupin, Daniel
AU - Wills, Thomas
AU - Orr, Robin
AU - Schram, Ben
N2 - Elite tactical units complete a variety of demanding tasks and a high level of fitness is required by this population to perform their occupational tasks optimally. The aim of this critical review was to identify and synthesize key findings of studies that have investigated the fitness profiles of elite tactical units. Included studies were critically appraised, using the Downs and Black checklist, and a level of evidence was determined. Relevant data were extracted, tabulated, and synthesized. Fourteen studies were included for review and ranged in percentage quality scores from 46% to 66% with a mean of 57.5%. Moderate interrater agreement (κ = 0.496) existed between raters. A variety of fitness measures were used across various domains of fitness. The most common measures were in the areas of anthropometric measures, strength, power, and aerobic capacity. However, there was high variety in the measures and their protocols. Though fitness appears to be a critical part of research and practice in tactical populations, currently there is no standardized measure or result for this population. Further research in fitness profiling should be completed using standardized outcome measures which cover the spectrum of the fitness demands for this population.
AB - Elite tactical units complete a variety of demanding tasks and a high level of fitness is required by this population to perform their occupational tasks optimally. The aim of this critical review was to identify and synthesize key findings of studies that have investigated the fitness profiles of elite tactical units. Included studies were critically appraised, using the Downs and Black checklist, and a level of evidence was determined. Relevant data were extracted, tabulated, and synthesized. Fourteen studies were included for review and ranged in percentage quality scores from 46% to 66% with a mean of 57.5%. Moderate interrater agreement (κ = 0.496) existed between raters. A variety of fitness measures were used across various domains of fitness. The most common measures were in the areas of anthropometric measures, strength, power, and aerobic capacity. However, there was high variety in the measures and their protocols. Though fitness appears to be a critical part of research and practice in tactical populations, currently there is no standardized measure or result for this population. Further research in fitness profiling should be completed using standardized outcome measures which cover the spectrum of the fitness demands for this population.
JO - International Journal of Exercise Science
JF - International Journal of Exercise Science
Maupin D, Wills T, Orr R, Schram B. Fitness Profiles in Elite Tactical Units: A Critical Review. International Journal of Exercise Science. 2018 Aug 16;11(3):1041-1062.
Fitness Profiles in Elite Tactical Units: A Critical ReviewFinal published version, 402 KBLicence: CC BY-ND
https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijes/vol11/iss3/9Licence: CC BY-ND

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Everyone who has two computer monitors knows how handy it is to be able to work with two windows simultaneously. Have you ever wished you could work on two different documents side by side using the same screen? This is possible using Windows 7.
1. Open the document or websites that you want to view in split screen.
2. If you want to see two websites side by side, make sure you open each of them in separate windows. Split screen will not work if you just open them in separate tabs.
3. To place one of the open windows on the left side of the split screen hold the Windows logo key and then press the left arrow key.
4. Select the other window and repeat the process, this time sending it to the opposite side by holding the Windows logo key and pressing on the right arrow key.
5. You can now work with the two windows side by side. To exit the split screen function, select the window you want to maximise, hold the Windows logo key and press the up arrow key.


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Chuck Barbee, NCAA Wrestling Secretary Rules Editor on the new rules and interpretations in NCAA Wrestling for 2015-16 - ST206
With the college wrestling season approaching, the new NCAA Wrestling Secretary Rules Editor Chuck Barbee reached out to the Short Time Wrestling Podcast to offer a breakdown of the new rules and interpretations.
Talking wrestling rules you say? Sign us up! Barbee spent 10 seasons as the head coach at the U.S. Military...
Don Beshada and Cliff Fretwell of Flipswrestling and Compound bring you the Beach Games - ST205
It'll be a big week coming up in New Jersey as Flipswrestling will host the Beach Games on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean from Sept. 22-24. The event is aimed to educate and inform senior-level wrestlers about things they need to capitalize on the world of being a professional athlete.
Chael Sonnen gets long-winded on his thoughts of the 2015 World Wrestling Championships - ST204
Chael Sonnen was an All-American at the University of Oregon and wrestled on the ladder in both men's freestyle and Greco-Roman during the course of his senior-level career. He's been one of the most polarizing figures in MMA in recent years with the litigation, the notoriety, his subsequent deportation to Canada and...
ST203: Your voice with fan feedback from the World Championships in Las Vegas
With the World Championships all wrapped up, Short Time wanted to get some fan feedback on what they saw from the venue, from home and overall from the championships. Episode 203 of the Short Time Wrestling Podcast features comments from several of those who were there.
I'll also give my breakdown of some of the...
ST202: USA Wrestling Press Conference from the World Wrestling Championships in Las Vegas
Special Episode of the Short Time Wrestling Podcast is Episode 202, the USA Wrestling Press Conference on Sunday, September 6 from Las Vegas, Nevada.
In the press conference were U.S. National Team coaches Bruce Burnett, Terry Steiner and Matt Lindland and athletes Jordan Burroughs, Adeline Gray and Robby...


Light gauge steel frames from Dynamic Steel Frame have the ability to withstand harsh outdoor environments, making them perfect for long-term construction projects.
Truly weatherproof, a Truecore LGS (Light Gauge Steel) frame can be left exposed to the elements, come rain or shine, without the material twisting, swelling, absorbing moisture, changing colour or coming apart.
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Wikipédia en gan (贛語維基百科) est l'édition de Wikipédia en gan, langue chinoise parlée principalement au Jiangxi en Chine. L'édition est lancée le . Son code .

Présentation

Statistiques
En , l'édition en gan compte quelque  articles et  utilisateurs enregistrés.

Le , elle contient 6 491 articles et compte 38 839 contributeurs, dont 16 contributeurs actifs et 1 administrateur.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Histoire de Wikipédia - Liste des éditions de Wikipédia
 Gan - Langues chinoises - Langues sino-tibétaines
 Caractères chinois (sinogrammes traditionnels et simplifiés)
 Jiangxi, Hubei, Est du  Hunan, Est du Hubei,  Sud de l'Anhui et Nord-Ouest du Fujian en Chine

Liens externes

 Statistiques pour la Wikipédia en gan jusqu'à fin 2018 : Tableaux - Graphiques
  Tell us about your Wikipedia project

Gan
Langue gan
Encyclopédie en chinois
Site web en chinois
Gan
Gan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Aeroflot, the Russian flag carrier, is celebrating its 90th anniversary this year and, as it usually happens in this type of occasions, it is doing something special to mark the date!
In Aeroflot's case, a Sukhoi Superjet SSJ 100 aircraft has been painted with a special livery celebrating the airline's 90 years of service.
What makes this livery special is that it came out of a public contest, "Paint your plane", open to the members of the public (or to be more exact, members of the Russian public since, for legal reasons, you needed to be a citizen of the Russian Federation to participate, hence the main reason this contest was not widely publicized overseas).
As you might imagine, the prospect of designing an airplane excited people's imagination and creativity...According to Aeroflot sources, 7,000 design proposals were received during the time the contest was on. Then, after an online vote, 10finalists were shortlisted, and, at the second stage, a jury voted for the top three designs (that you can see here!).
Finally, the winner turned out to be this Khokhloma-style livery (inspired on Russian traditional decorative art of the XVII century) submitted by Alexander Sosnovsky (Саша Сосновский).


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I'm very interested in exotic animals especially apes and I don't know what i should major in.
There are a couple of majors that come to mind Veterinary and Zoology. You can also study to be an animal trainer as well.


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Election Results (June–September 1999)
Central African Republic: Presidential balloting was scheduled for September 19 and October 3. Results will be reported in a future issue.
India: Five rounds of parliamentary elections were scheduled for September 5, 11, 18, 25, and October 3. Results will be reported in a future issue.
Indonesia: Elections for 462 seats in the 500-member People's Representative Assembly (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, or DPR) were held on June 7 with 48 political parties competing. (The remaining 38 seats are appointed by the Armed Forces and police.) Megawati Sukarnoputri's Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) won the largest proportion of the vote, with 35.4 percent (153 seats), while the Golkar party of President B.J. Habibie came in second with 19.7 percent (120 seats). Other seat-winning parties included two probable PDI-P coalition partners—the National Awakening Party with 16.5 percent (51 seats) and the National Mandate Party with 6.9 percent (34 seats)—and the United Development Party, which gained 10.1 percent of the vote and 58 seats. The elections, in which over 60 percent of the 117 million registered voters cast valid ballots, were deemed free and fair by international observers from the Carter Center and the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs. The DPR, once combined with 135 provincial representatives and 65 members of "functional groups" (professional, religious, and ethnic groups), will form the 700-member People's Consultative Assembly, which will elect the president in November.
Kazakhstan: Elections to the Senate were scheduled for September 17. Results will be reported in a future issue.
Kuwait: Debates over the Emir's decree to grant suffrage to women dominated the campaign leading up to parliamentary elections on July 3. The elections, in which political parties were banned and candidates were grouped by ideological affiliation, drew 83 percent of Kuwait's 113,000 registered voters. Liberals won 14 seats in the 50-seat National Assembly (Majlis al-Umma), up from 4 in the last parliament; pro-government members dropped from 18 to 12; Islamists took 20 seats, 4 more than in 1996; and independent candidates won the remaining 4.
Malawi: Over 90 percent of Malawi's 5.1 million registered voters participated in parliamentary and presidential elections held on June 15. Incumbent president Bakili Muluzi won with 2.4 million votes (52.4 percent), while his principal rival, Gwanda Chakuamba, received 2.1 million votes (45.2 percent). In elections to the 192-seat National Assembly, Muluzi's United Democratic Front received 93 seats, while the oppositional coalition comprising Chakuamba's Malawi Congress Party (66 seats) and the Alliance for Democracy (29 seats) won a narrow plurality. Four seats went to independents. Charging irregularities in registration and voting, the opposition challenged both results in the High Court, but to no avail.
Venezuela: Elections to create a new body, the 131-seat National Constituent Assembly, were held on July 25. Supporters of President Hugo Chávez, collectively known as the Polo Patriótico, won 120 of the 128 generally elected seats; the remaining three seats were reserved for indigenous groups. Voter turnout was low, with less than 47 percent of the country's 10.9 million registered voters participating. The Assembly, approved in an April 1999 referendum, has been given six months to write a new constitution. Opposition leaders publicly voiced their fears that Chávez would use the Assembly to create one-man rule.
Yemen: Presidential elections were scheduled for September 23. Results will be reported in a future issue.
Upcoming Elections (October 1999–September 2000)
Argentina: presidential/legislative, 24 October 1999
Botswana: parliamentary, October 1999
Chile: presidential, 12 December 1999
Comoros: legislative, January 2000 (earliest); presidential, April 2000
Croatia: parliamentary, December 1999
Dominica: parliamentary, 12 June 2000
Dominican Republic: presidential, 16 May 2000
El Salvador: legislative, March 2000
Ethiopia: parliamentary, 14 May 2000
Georgia: parliamentary, October 1999 (earliest)
Guatemala: presidential/legislative, 7 November 1999
Guinea-Bissau: presidential/parliamentary, 28 November 1999
Haiti: legislative, 28 November 1999
Iran: parliamentary, 18 February 2000
Kazakhstan: parliamentary, 10 October 1999
Kyrgyzstan: parliamentary, 23 or 24 March 2000
Lesotho: parliamentary, April 2000 (earliest)
Macedonia: presidential, 31 October 1999
Malaysia: parliamentary, April 2000 (latest)
Mexico: presidential/legislative, 2 July 2000
Mozambique: presidential/parliamentary, 3–4 December 1999
Namibia: presidential/parliamentary, December 1999
Niger: presidential, 17 October 1999; parliamentary, 24 November 1999
Peru: presidential/legislative, April 2000
Romania: presidential/parliamentary, September 2000 (latest)
Russia: legislative, 19 December 1999; presidential, June 2000 (earliest)
St. Kitts and Nevis: parliamentary, July 2000 (latest)
Senegal: presidential, 28 February 2000
South Korea: parliamentary, April 2000
Sri Lanka: parliamentary, December 1999
Suriname: presidential, May 2000
Taiwan: presidential, 18 March 2000 (earliest)
Tajikistan: presidential, 6 November 1999; legislative, 26 February 2000
Thailand: parliamentary (upper house), March 2000
Trinidad and Tobago: parliamentary, August 2000 (earliest)
Tunisia: presidential/legislative, 24 October 1999
Ukraine: presidential, 31 October 1999
Uruguay: presidential/legislative, 31 October 1999
Zimbabwe: parliamentary, March 2000
Election Watch provides reports of recently decided and upcoming elections in developing nations and the postcommunist world. Elections in nondemocratic nations are included when they exhibit a significant element of genuine competition or, in the case of upcoming elections, when they represent an important test of progress toward democracy. Much of the data for Election Watch is provided by the International Foundation for Election Systems (IFES), a private, nonprofit education and research foundation that assists in monitoring, supporting, and strengthening the mechanics of the electoral process worldwide. For additional information, contact: IFES, 1101 15th Street, N.W., Suite 300, Washington, DC 20005; (202) 828-8507; www.ifes.org.
Reports on elections in Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Grenada, Nicaragua, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and Zimbabwe.
Reports on elections in Bulgaria, Estonia, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Niger, Uzbekistan.
Reports on elections in Algeria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Egypt, Georgia, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Poland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Turkey.


Singer Palash Sen, along with his band Euphoria, performed at the cultural night at the ongoing 18th National Youth Festival at Punjab Agricultural University on Wednesday night. After getting entangled into controversy for making remarks on girls during a concert at IIT-Bombay, Now in Ludhiana, he blamed girls for betrayal in relations.
Singer Palash Sen, along with his band Euphoria, performed at the cultural night at the ongoing 18th National Youth Festival at Punjab Agricultural University on Wednesday night.
After getting entangled into controversy for making remarks on girls during a concert at IIT-Bombay, Now in Ludhiana, he blamed girls for betrayal in relations.
During the concert, Sen said, "Girls are famous for betrayal and boys remain the victim only."
His comments for girls leaved many in awkward situation. Requesting all to stand and dance, he said, "All who were deceived in love should stand." Then he said, "Only boys will fall in this category, as girls are responsible for always betray."
Perhaps sensing a sudden silence, he diverted it by saying, "We should not take this betrayal on our heart and should live to the fullest, and for Punjabis are famous for this worldwide."
He made everyone dance with his all time hits, like 'Dhoom pichak dhoom', 'Maye ri', etc. He also performed on famous songs, like 'Badtameez Dil' and 'Masti ki Pathshala'.


text:
[Gitaly](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly) (introduced in GitLab
9.0) is a service that provides high-level RPC access to Git
repositories. Gitaly is a mandatory component in GitLab 9.4 and newer.

GitLab components that access Git repositories (gitlab-rails,
gitlab-shell, gitlab-workhorse) act as clients to Gitaly. End users do
not have direct access to Gitaly.

## Configuring Gitaly

The Gitaly service itself is configured via a TOML configuration file.
This file is documented [in the gitaly
repository](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/blob/master/doc/configuration/README.md).

To change a Gitaly setting in Omnibus you can use
`gitaly['my_setting']` in `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`. Changes will be applied
when you run `gitlab-ctl reconfigure`.

```ruby
gitaly['prometheus_listen_addr'] = 'localhost:9236'
```

To change a Gitaly setting in installations from source you can edit
`/home/git/gitaly/config.toml`.

```toml
prometheus_listen_addr = "localhost:9236"
```

Changes to `/home/git/gitaly/config.toml` are applied when you run `service
gitlab restart`.

## Running Gitaly on its own server

> This is an optional way to deploy Gitaly which can benefit GitLab
installations that are larger than a single machine. Most
installations will be better served with the default configuration
used by Omnibus and the GitLab source installation guide.

Starting with GitLab 9.4 it is possible to run Gitaly on a different
server from the rest of the application. This can improve performance
when running GitLab with its repositories stored on an NFS server.

At the moment (GitLab 9.4) Gitaly is not yet a replacement for NFS
because some parts of GitLab still bypass Gitaly when accessing Git
repositories. If you choose to deploy Gitaly on your NFS server you
must still also mount your Git shares on your GitLab application
servers.

Gitaly network traffic is unencrypted so you should use a firewall to
restrict access to your Gitaly server.

Below we describe how to configure a Gitaly server at address
`gitaly.internal:9999` with secret token `abc123secret`. We assume
your GitLab installation has two repository storages, `default` and
`storage1`.

### Client side token configuration

Start by configuring a token on the client side.

Omnibus installations:

```ruby
# /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
gitlab_rails['gitaly_token'] = 'abc123secret'
```

Source installations:

```yaml
# /home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml
gitlab:
  gitaly:
    token: 'abc123secret'
```

You need to reconfigure (Omnibus) or restart (source) for these
changes to be picked up.

### Gitaly server configuration

Next, on the Gitaly server, we need to configure storage paths, enable
the network listener and configure the token.

Note: if you want to reduce the risk of downtime when you enable
authentication you can temporarily disable enforcement, see [the
documentation on configuring Gitaly
authentication](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/blob/master/doc/configuration/README.md#authentication)
.

In most or all cases the storage paths below end in `/repositories`. Check the
directory layout on your Gitaly server to be sure.

Omnibus installations:

```ruby
# /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
gitaly['listen_addr'] = '0.0.0.0:9999'
gitaly['auth_token'] = 'abc123secret'
gitaly['storage'] = [
  { 'name' => 'default', 'path' => '/path/to/default/repositories' },
  { 'name' => 'storage1', 'path' => '/path/to/storage1/repositories' },
]
```

Source installations:

```toml
# /home/git/gitaly/config.toml
listen_addr = '0.0.0.0:9999'

[auth]
token = 'abc123secret'

[[storage]
name = 'default'
path = '/path/to/default/repositories'

[[storage]]
name = 'storage1'
path = '/path/to/storage1/repositories'
```

Again, reconfigure (Omnibus) or restart (source).

### Converting clients to use the Gitaly server

Now as the final step update the client machines to switch from using
their local Gitaly service to the new Gitaly server you just
configured. This is a risky step because if there is any sort of
network, firewall, or name resolution problem preventing your GitLab
server from reaching the Gitaly server then all Gitaly requests will
fail.

We assume that your Gitaly server can be reached at
`gitaly.internal:9999` from your GitLab server, and that your GitLab
NFS shares are mounted at `/mnt/gitlab/default` and
`/mnt/gitlab/storage1` respectively.

Omnibus installations:

```ruby
# /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
git_data_dirs({
  { 'default' => { 'path' => '/mnt/gitlab/default', 'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://gitlab.internal:9999' } },
  { 'storage1' => { 'path' => '/mnt/gitlab/storage1', 'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://gitlab.internal:9999' } },
})

gitlab_rails['gitaly_token'] = 'abc123secret'
```

Source installations:

```yaml
# /home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml
gitlab:
  repositories:
    storages:
      default:
        path: /mnt/gitlab/default/repositories
        gitaly_address: tcp://gitlab.internal:9999
      storage1:
        path: /mnt/gitlab/storage1/repositories
        gitaly_address: tcp://gitlab.internal:9999

  gitaly:
    token: 'abc123secret'
```

Now reconfigure (Omnibus) or restart (source). When you tail the
Gitaly logs on your Gitaly server (`sudo gitlab-ctl tail gitaly` or
`tail -f /home/git/gitlab/log/gitaly.log`) you should see requests
coming in. One sure way to trigger a Gitaly request is to clone a
repository from your GitLab server over HTTP.

## Disabling or enabling the Gitaly service

If you are running Gitaly [as a remote
service](#running-gitaly-on-its-own-server) you may want to disable
the local Gitaly service that runs on your Gitlab server by default.

To disable the Gitaly service in your Omnibus installation, add the
following line to `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`:

```ruby
gitaly['enable'] = false
```

When you run `gitlab-ctl reconfigure` the Gitaly service will be
disabled.

To disable the Gitaly service in an installation from source, add the
following to `/etc/default/gitlab`:

```shell
gitaly_enabled=false
```

When you run `service gitlab restart` Gitaly will be disabled.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Web Design: We're in need of an experienced and creative web designer to help with the development of our website.
C# / ASP.Net Developers: The Rock RMS project is being built on the Microsoft .Net stack. We're looking for experienced rock-star C# developers to join the team to move the project forward even faster.
Service Infrastructure: Do you enjoy setting up things like servers, wikis, and ci environments? If you'll lend your experience we'll use it.
Innovative Thinkers: The goal of the Rock project is not to build yet another church management system (yachms) but rather a new generation management solution. If you're thinking big in this area join the team.
If you see yourself filling one of these needs, or think you could help in another way please sign-up on our Rock Get Involved page or contact us at nick(at)sparkdevnetwork.org or jon(at)sparkdevnetwork.org.
No Time? You Can Still Participate!
If you lack the time or specific skills needed, you can still be involved. How? Pray! We have a strong team with much talent and experience, but success in the past doesn't guarantee success in the future. We need God's help in a big way! Keep us in your prayers and consider sending some encouraging words to members of the team.
We are also in need of recurring funding to help our developers focus on core development and documentation full-time, rather than continuing to take on outside development projects to meet budgetary needs. With so many great ideas and plans on the horizon, the only thing standing between most feature development and polishing, or delaying its development, is a simple matter of finances. If you believe in the mission of Rock, or if you represent an organization that is finding value in Rock, please support our continued work by donating online.


text:
Donald Duck: Just For Kicks
Characters: Donald Duck, Huey Duck, Dewey Duck, Louie Duck, Pig Mayor
The mayor of Duckburg is in the middle of his election campaign and wants to avoid making a fool of himself at the opening of Mazumaland, Duckburg's new mega-amusement park. Therefore he hires the citizen who is responsible for most disgraces in town – Donald Duck. On the opening day Donald does his best, as always, but this brings the mayor into many embarrassing situations. Going down the Muscle Mountain Mega-Slide the politician crashes into the exhibited cream pies and a technical defect caused by Donald results in a bath in the Maroon Lagoon. The mayor has had enough and fires the jinx with a kick. But when Donald reads of the mayor's re-election in the newspaper he wants to give the mayor the kick he deserves.
Bill's funny bird hides in the start panel. Apart from seven peaceful mosquitoes 132 stirred-up bees add to the mayor's disgrace.


Lays with Mario Kart? Mario Kart with Lays?
A Reddit contributor's posted image (link) of a Mario Kart and Lay's potato chips promotion has led us to think who is promoting for whom. Is it "Grab a Lay's for your Mario Kart night"? Or "Grab a Mario Kart for your Lay's game night"?
While this is not Doritos/ Lay's first time promoting with games, placing them on the same rack is an uncommon sight. A Redditor also commented that this was the works of Nintendo and that they personally placed it there.
That's actually set up by Nintendo. They send representatives to the stores to set those up themselves.
Source: I work at a Target in Electronics and had to help the rep set it up.
Nintendo is also currently running a promotion with Frito-Lay's to giveaway one Nintendo Switch and a game every 6 hours in the States. To qualify, just purchase a Frito-Lay Variety Pack and key in the necessary information on their promotion website. Hurry because promotion ends 8th July 2017. For more information, you can visit their webpage here.


text:
Add a filter on Committee Evidence - CIIT-151
Committee Evidence - CIIT-151
Hon. Mark Eyking - 8:56
Add Dean Allison as a filter
CPC (ON)
Dean Allison (Niagara West)
To our witnesses, as our chair mentioned, thanks for coming on such short notice.
I have three questions. I have a lot more, but maybe I'll get three questions in.
Mr. Wilson and Mr. Kingston, just give me your thoughts. You guys talked about being in the States recently. Where do you guys feel the Democrats are after having those conversations? The sense we get from reading the paper is that they're nowhere close. We appreciate the importance of getting this thing ratified, but the challenge is that it doesn't appear that they're anywhere near.
What arguments can be made to say that the Democrats want to give Trump a victory on this thing? Do you have any thoughts on that based on your conversations with Democrats?
C-100, An Act to implement the Agreement ...Canada-United States-Mexico AgreementGovernment billsTrade agreementsUnited States of America
Brian Kingston - 8:57
I get it. They're saying they'll get there, but they want to make a sea of changes. The challenge with us getting too far ahead of this thing is what changes they want. I could ask more questions on that, but I have to get to the eggs and the wine.
Mr. Pelissero, just to recap, on access you talked about an additional 11 million dozen eggs and 51 million under the WTO. Do we get reciprocal access to the U.S. based on that?
C-100, An Act to implement the Agreement ...Canada-United States-Mexico AgreementGovernment billsMarket accessTrade agreements
Roger Pelissero - 8:59
Okay, good.
I only have two minutes left. The time goes by too quickly.
Mr. Paszkowski, I understand that you guys are saying you support CUSMA, in terms of how it is. The challenge you have is around the WTO challenge right now with Australia. As you said, we've seen over 400 wineries grow in the last decade or so, since we had a chance to look at VQA being excise-free.
Talk to us about the concern. This is a legitimate concern about what may happen under WTO in terms of our wine market. Explain that one more time.
C-100, An Act to implement the Agreement ...Canada-United States-Mexico AgreementExcise taxesGovernment billsTrade agreementsWine industry
Dan Paszkowski - 9:00
Add Randy Hoback as a filter
CPC (SK)
Randy Hoback (Prince Albert)
Thank you, Chair. Thank you, witnesses, for being here this morning.
I'm going to start by saying that the Conservatives are going to support this deal. We've already indicated that. We worked with the Liberals all the way through this and we've had our ups and downs, but we still have lots of concerns. We're still hearing a lot from industries within Canada about concerns that are coming up.
I'll use the example of fabricated steel. They're looking at tariffs coming on August 1, until USTR will decide, and then we'll see what that looks like. We still have no resolution on softwood lumber; that was not addressed in NAFTA. We still have buy American provisions sitting there in the background, which are going to have implications for our industries.
How do you guys square that? I know you want stability and bankability, but in the same breath, are you really getting that in this deal?
I'll start off with you, Brian, and then go to Mathew.
C-100, An Act to implement the Agreement ...Canada-United States-Mexico AgreementGovernment billsLabour force mobilityTrade agreements
Mathew Wilson - 9:27
What concerns me, like fabricated steel, the government's been preaching about how it got rid of the tariffs and everybody thinks they're all gone, but what they've really been telling us is that these guys have been trying to meet with this government to address this. They've been down in the U.S. a substantial number of times, and there's no response. Nobody's mentioning it, and nobody's highlighting it. Everybody's closing their eyes, plugging their ears, saying, "We'll get through this and then we'll deal with that later."
I also have to deal with the fact of the tweets. I almost think EDC needs to offer insurance for tweets because of the unpredictability and instability those create. How do you take that out of the marketplace? Maybe that's an option they should look at.
Dan, you talked about the vintners and the excise tax. How many more times do you have to say that? This is something we heard right before the budget came into implementation, and we've heard it year after year. It's nice to see B.C. making movement on the grocery stores, because that was a big issue. I think we would have lost at WTO, so it needed to move forward on that.
What else do you think we need to do to get this government to understand? Maybe a new government will actually understand that better. What else can be done there? Is there compensation coming if you should lose that WTO case because it didn't react accordingly?
C-100, An Act to implement the Agreement ...Canada-United States-Mexico AgreementGovernment billsTrade agreements
I have 20 seconds.
Roger, what did they offer you for compensation, in light of the fact that you are one of the losers in this deal? You are giving up market access that you normally have. What is there for the losers, the people who are not getting or maybe are more a victim of a deal like this?
C-100, An Act to implement the Agreement ...Canada-United States-Mexico AgreementEgg industryGovernment billsGovernment compensationTrade agreements
There was nothing pre-negotiated, then.
Mr. Roger Pelissero: Not really, no.
Mr. Randy Hoback: It's election year. You should be good.
Add Colin Carrie as a filter
Colin Carrie (Oshawa)
Thank you very much, Mr. Chair, and I thank the witnesses for being here. I have so many questions that it's hard to know where to start.
Brian and Mathew, I've been doing a lot of round tables with manufacturers. I hear over and over again that some companies are right at the precipice of maybe closing up or moving their business. One guy put it to me this way. He said, "Look, Colin, I can handle good policy and I can handle bad policy, but I can't handle the uncertainty."
Even though this is not a perfect deal and, as Randy was saying, there are still issues with fabricated steel, buy American provisions and softwood, what do you think the consequences would be if we weren't able to ratify this as far as that uncertainty question goes?
Brian, perhaps you could start.
C-100, An Act to implement the Agreement ...Canada-United States-Mexico AgreementGovernment billsProtectionismSoftwood lumber industryTrade agreements
That's what I'm hearing over and over again, that we have to get some of that certainty back.
Can you comment on the relationship with the United States? Mathew, you said if we have a free trade agreement, we should have a free trade agreement. But I've heard some complaints that the U.S. is going towards managed trade. We've seen the use of tariffs, quotas and these types of things.
We didn't have that with the original NAFTA. In my community, of course, there's the auto sector, and the quota situation. There are questions about that and what it means.
Are you seeing a move towards this institutionalization of tariffs and quotas with the United States? What does that mean in our trading relationship?
C-100, An Act to implement the Agreement ...Canada-United States-Mexico AgreementExcise taxesGovernment billsTrade agreementsUnited States of America
I agree. You mentioned this coordinated trading bloc. I think for decades we've been moving towards more integration, regulatory co-operation. There was a feeling for a while that Canada was on team North America, and with these section 232s and stuff, the feeling was that we weren't.
Getting on to that question about the section 232s, I believe there was $2 billion collected, tax dollars, with the tariffs, and it hasn't been disseminated. It was supposed to help out the companies that were really affected.
Can you comment on what should be done with that money and who it should be going to?
C-100, An Act to implement the Agreement ...Canada-United States-Mexico AgreementExcise taxesGovernment billsSteel industryTrade agreements
Hon. Mark Eyking - 10:19
Thank you very much, Mr. Chair.
I want to thank the witnesses for being here. I'm going to start right off with Mr. Adams and Mr. Volpe.
Everybody around the table is aware of the announcement of General Motors in Oshawa. We are going to be able to retain some parts and stamping manufacturing there, but the quote that I've heard more often than not with our manufacturers is that they can handle bad policy and they can handle good policy, but this uncertainty is a real problem. They're competing for international mandates and Mr. Trump wants to bring a lot of that investment to the United States, and if companies locate there, that's where they get the most certainty.
This deal—as Mr. Adams said, it's not a perfect deal—is really important for my community. So, thank you for your input.
Because we have such integrated trade and integrated supply chains and we build cars together in North America—that's the way it has been going—what would it do to our supply chains, our ability to win investment and certainty if this were not ratified, if we dithered in ratifying this agreement?
Maybe we could start with Mr. Adams and then go to Mr. Volpe.
C-100, An Act to implement the Agreement ...Canada-United States-Mexico AgreementDistribution and service industriesGovernment billsTrade agreements
David Adams - 10:21
Flavio Volpe - 10:22
Yes, and I think these once-in-a-generation investments are so important that we're able to compete for that.
My next question, though, is about the complexity of the rules of origin.
I'm getting some feedback and concern because at the end of the day it's about jobs and keeping jobs in Canada, but if it gets so complicated, some auto manufacturers may just skip the whole thing, manufacture all of the product overseas, just ship it in and pay the 2.5%.
I was wondering if you could comment on the complexity for the rules of origin compared to the NAFTA. Is this a real concern that we need to be worried about? At the end of the day, it's about jobs and keeping jobs in Canada. If it gets far too complicated, are we at risk of losing that entire supply chain to countries that are offshore of North America or even towards the United States?
Thank you, witnesses, for being here and for attending by video conference.
Mr. Volpe, you talked about wanting to have this ratified right away. I just want some clarification. When you say "right away", do you mean in sync with the U.S., or do you want us to go ahead of the U.S. in the ratification process?
Automotive industryC-100, An Act to implement the Agreement ...Canada-United States-Mexico AgreementGovernment billsTrade agreementsUnited States of America
The concern I have here is about any changes at the last minute in the U.S.
There are the side agreements, the side letters and stuff like that.
Results: 1 - 15 of 123 | Page: 1 of 9
Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement
Supplementary estimates (A) 2018-2019
Customs tariff and customs duties
Appeal of the decision of the Committee Chair
Decisions of Committee Chairs
CIIT - International Trade
AGRI - Agriculture and Agri-Food
FINA - Finance
INDU - Industry, Science and Technology
TRAN - Transport, Infrastructure and Com ...
Berthold, Luc
Hoback, Randy
Carrie, Colin
Allison, Dean
Alleslev, Leona


The countryhouse has 5 apartments, all equipped with the best comforts of charming cottages: private bathroom with tub or shower and hairdryer, Wi-Fi and TV, kitchen or kitchenette. They are all available at any time of the year.
The rooms have typical features of the old country houses in the area, and contain wooden beams and terracotta tiles, vaulted ceilings and exposed stone walls. The furnishings inspired by the Umbrian-Tuscan tradition privilege space and comfort without neglecting the taste for the particular: wrought iron beds, antique furniture in solid wood and Deruta ceramics.


text:
For other uses, see Grand Place (disambiguation).
The Grand Place (French, pronounced [ɡʁɑ̃ plas]; "Grand Square"; also used in English[1]) or Grote Markt (Dutch, pronounced [ˌɣroːtə ˈmɑrkt] ( listen); "Grand Market") is the central square of Brussels. It is surrounded by opulent guildhalls and two larger edifices, the city's Town Hall, and the King's House or Breadhouse (French: Maison du Roi, Dutch: Broodhuis) building containing the Museum of the City of Brussels.[2][3][4] The square measures 68 by 110 metres (223 by 361 ft).
La Grand-Place, Brussels
The Grand Place, with Brussels' Town Hall on the left
City of Brussels, Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium
Cultural: ii, iv
1998 (22nd Session)
1.48 ha
Buffer zone
20.93 ha
50°50′48″N 4°21′9″E / 50.84667°N 4.35250°E / 50.84667; 4.35250
Location of the Grand Place
Show map of Brussels
Grand Place (Belgium)
Show map of Belgium
The Grand Place is the most important tourist destination and most memorable landmark in Brussels. It is also considered as one of the most beautiful squares in Europe,[5][6][7] and has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1998.[8]
Site plan of the Grand Place
In the 10th century, Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine constructed a fort on Saint-Géry Island, the furthest inland point at which the Senne river was still navigable. This was the seed of what would become Brussels. By the end of the 11th century, an open-air marketplace was set up on a dried-up marsh near the fort that was surrounded by sandbanks. The market was called the Nedermerckt (meaning "Lower Market" in Old Dutch).[9]
The market likely developed around the same time as the commercial development of Brussels. A document from 1174 mentions a lower market (Latin: forum inferius) not far from the port on the Senne river. The market was well situated along the Causeway (Dutch: Steenweg), an important commercial road which connected the prosperous regions of the Rhineland and the County of Flanders.
At the beginning of the 13th century, three indoor markets were built on the northern edge of the Grand Place; a meat market, a bread market, and a cloth market.[9] These buildings, which belonged to the Duke of Brabant, allowed the wares to be showcased even in bad weather, but also allowed the Dukes to keep track of the storage and sale of goods, in order to collect taxes. Other buildings, made of wood or stone, enclosed the Grand Place.
Rise in importanceEdit
Improvements to the Grand Place from the 14th century onwards would mark the rise in importance of local merchants and tradesmen relative to the nobility. As he was short on money, the Duke transferred control of mills and commerce to the local authorities. The city of Brussels ordered the construction a large indoor cloth market, similar to those of the neighbouring cities of Mechelen and Leuven, to the south of the square. At this point, the Grand Place was still haphazardly laid out, and the buildings along the edges had a motley tangle of gardens and irregular additions.[9] The city expropriated and demolished a number of buildings that clogged the square, and formally defined its edges.
Brussels' Town Hall was built on the south side of the Grand Place in stages, between 1401 and 1455, and made it the seat of municipal power. Its spire towers 96 metres (315 ft) high, and is capped by a 4-metre (12 ft) statue of Saint Michael slaying a demon or devil. To counter this symbol of municipal power, from 1504 to 1536, the Duke of Brabant ordered a large building to be constructed across from the Town Hall as a symbol of ducal power.[9] It was erected on the site of the first cloth and bread markets, which were no longer in use, and it became known as the King's House (Middle Dutch: 's Conincxhuys) although no king has ever lived there. It is currently known as the Maison du Roi ("King's House") in French, but in Dutch, it continues to be called the Broodhuis ("Breadhouse"), after the market whose place it took. Over time, wealthy merchants and the increasingly powerful guilds of Brussels built houses around the square.
The Grand Place witnessed many tragic events unfold during its history. In 1523, the first Protestant martyrs Henri Voes and Jean Van Eschen were burned by the Inquisition on the square. Forty years later, the counts of Egmont and Horn, who had spoken out against the policies of King Philip II in the Spanish Netherlands, were beheaded in front of the Breadhouse. This triggered the beginning of the armed revolt against Spanish rule, of which William of Orange took the lead.
Destruction and rebuildingEdit
The Grand Place in flames during the bombardment of Brussels in 1695
View of the ruins of the Grand Place after the bombardment
On 13 August 1695, a 70,000-strong French army under Marshal François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy, began a bombardment of Brussels in an effort to draw the League of Augsburg's forces away from their siege on French-held Namur in what is now southern Belgium. The French launched a massive bombardment of the mostly defenseless city centre with cannons and mortars, setting it on fire and flattening the majority of the Grand Place and the surrounding city. Only the stone shell of the town hall and a few fragments of other buildings remained standing. That the town hall survived at all is ironic, as it was the principal target of the artillery fire.
The Grand Place was rebuilt in the following four years by the city's guilds. Their efforts were regulated by the city councillors and the Governor of Brussels, who required that their plans be submitted to the authorities for approval. This helped to deliver a remarkably harmonious layout for the rebuilt square, despite the ostensibly clashing combination of Gothic, Baroque and Louis XIV styles.
During the following two centuries, the Grand Place underwent significant damage. In the late 18th century, Brabant Revolutionaries sacked it, destroying statues of nobility and symbols of Christianity.[10] The guildhalls were seized by the state and sold. The buildings were neglected and left in poor condition, with their facades painted, stuccoed and damaged by pollution.
By the late 19th century, a sensitivity arose about the heritage value of the buildings – the turning point was the demolition of L'Étoile guild house in 1852. Under the impulse of mayor Charles Buls, Brussels' authorities had the Grand Place returned to its former splendour, with buildings restored or reconstructed. In 1856, a monumental fountain commemorating the twenty-fifth anniversary of the reign of King Leopold I was installed in the centre of the square. It was replaced in 1860 by a fountain surmounted by statues of the Counts of Egmont and Horn, which was erected in front of the King's House and later moved to the Small Sablon. Thirty years later, during the Belle Époque, a bandstand was raised in its place. In 1885, the Belgian Labour Party (POB-BWP), the first socialist party in Belgium, was founded during a meeting at the Grand Place.
The Grand Place c. 1895
20th and 21st centuriesEdit
At the start of World War I, as refugees flooded Brussels, the Grand Place was filled with military and civilian casualties.[11] The Town Hall served as a makeshift hospital.[11] On 20 August 1914, at 2 pm, the occupying German army arrived at the Grand Place and set up field kitchens.[11] The occupiers hoisted a German flag at the left side of the Town Hall.[11]
The Grand Place continued to serve as a market until 19 November 1959, and it is still called the Grote Markt ("Grand Market") in Dutch. Neighbouring streets still reflect the area's origins, named after the sellers of butter, cheese, herring, coal, and so on. In 1979, the Grand Place was bombed.[12] In 1990, the square was pedestrianised and it is currently part of a large pedestrian zone in the centre of Brussels.[13]
The Grand Place was named by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1998.[8] The place is now primarily an important tourist attraction. A number of guild houses have been converted into shops, terraced restaurants and brasseries. Notable institutions include Godiva Chocolatier and the Maison Dandoy speculoos confectionery. One of the houses owned by the brewers' guild is home to a brewers' museum.
The Grand Place was voted the most beautiful square in Europe in 2010. A survey by a Dutch website[5] asked its users to rate different squares across Europe. Moscow's Red Square and the Place Stanislas in Nancy, France, took second and third place.
Buildings around the squareEdit
Town HallEdit
Brussels' Town Hall stands 96 metres (315 ft) tall and is capped by a 3-metre (12 ft) statue of Saint Michael slaying a demon.
The Town Hall (French: Hôtel de Ville, Dutch: Stadhuis) is the central edifice on the Grand Place. It was built in several stages between 1402 and 1455 and is also the square's only remaining medieval building. The architect and designer is probably the Burgundian Jean Bornoy with whom Jacob van Thienen collaborated. The young Duke Charles the Bold laid the first stone of the right wing in 1444. The architect of this part of the building is unknown. Historians think that it could be William (Willem) de Voghel who was the architect of the city of Brussels in 1452, and who was also, at that time, the designer of the Aula Magna of the palace of Philip the Good. The Gothic tower of 96 m (315 ft) is the work of the architect Jean van Ruysbroeck. At its summit stands a 5 m (16 ft) tall statue of Saint Michael, the patron saint of Brussels, slaying a demon.
The Town Hall is asymmetrical, since the tower is not exactly in the middle of the building and the left part and the right part are not identical (although they seem at first sight). An old legend known to the people of Brussels tells that the architect who designed the building committed suicide by jumping from the top of the belfry after realising his "mistake". In fact, the two parts were not built together.
King's HouseEdit
The Museum of the City of Brussels is located in the Maison du Roi (King's House) or Broodhuis (Breadhouse).
As early as the 12th century, the King's House (French: Maison du Roi) was a wooden building where bread was sold, hence the name it kept in Dutch; Broodhuis (Bread House or Bread Hall). The original building was replaced in the 15th century by a stone building which housed the administrative services of the Duke of Brabant, which is why it was first called the Duke's House, and when the same duke became King of Spain, it was renamed the King's House. In the 16th century, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V ordered to rebuild it in a late Gothic style very similar to the contemporary design, although without towers or galleries.
Because of the damage suffered over time, especially during the bombardment of 1695, the city had the King's House rebuilt in 1873 by architect Victor Jamaer in the Gothic Revival style. The current building, whose interior was renovated in 1985, has housed the Museum of the City of Brussels since 1887.[2][3][4]
Houses of the Grand PlaceEdit
The Grand Place is lined on each side with a number of guild houses and a few private houses. In their current form, they are largely the result of the reconstruction after the bombardment of 1695. The strongly structured facades with their rich sculptural decoration including pilasters and balustrades and their lavishly designed gables are based on Italian Baroque with some Flemish influences.
Between Rue de la Tête d'or/Guldenhoofdstraat and Rue au Beurre/Boterstraat (west):
From right to left: Le Roy d'Espagne, La Brouette, Le Sac, La Louve, Le Cornet and Le Renard
№ 1: Le Roy d'Espagne (Dutch: Den Coninck van Spaigniën; "The King of Spain"), House of the Corporation of Bakers, built in 1696.[14] Originally, the three bays to the right of the entrance formed an independent house (Saint-Jacques), accessible through a door located on Rue au Beurre/Boterstraat. The very dilapidated building was completely rebuilt in 1901–1902. It is decorated with busts of Saint Aubert (patron saint of bakers) and Charles II of Spain.
№ 2–3: La Brouette (Dutch: Den Cruywagen; "The Wheelbarrow"), House of the Corporation of Greasers since the 15th century, built in stone in 1644. The facade partly resisted the bombardment of 1695 and was rebuilt in 1697 under the direction of Jean Cosyn.[15] Decorated with a statue of Saint Giles (patron saint of greasers), it was restored in 1912. The left door opened into a now disappeared alleyway that led onto Rue au Beurre/Boterstraat.
№ 4: Le Sac (Dutch: Den Sack; "The Bag"), House of the Corporation of Carpenters, whose tools decorate the facade since the 15th century. Built in stone in 1644, partly spared by the bombardment, it was rebuilt by the carpenter Antoine Pastorana in 1697.[16] This house was restored in 1912 by the architect Jean Seghers. Nowadays, the House of the Belgian Master Chocolatiers is located in this building.
№ 5: La Louve (Dutch: Den Wolf or Den Wolvin; "The She-Wolf"), House of the Oath of Archers, built in 1690 by Pierre Herbosch.[17] In 1696, the facade was rebuilt with a horizontal cornice, surmounted by a base where a statue was placed of a Phoenix rising from the ashes, symbol of the reconstruction of the city after the bombardment. The decorated pediment of Apollo was restored in 1890–1892 by the architect of the city of Brussels, Victor Jamaer, according to the original drawings. The bas-relief represents Romulus and Remus suckling the she-wolf.
№ 6: Le Cornet (Dutch: Den Horen; "The Cornet"), House of the Corporation of Boatmen since the 15th century, rebuilt in 1697 by Antoine Pastorana who drew its gable in the shape of a ship stern.[18] The sculptures are by Pierre van Dievoet, and by a contract passed on 3 April 1697, the deans of the Trade of Boatmen entrusted Pierre van Dievoet with the execution of the whole sculpting of the facade. The building was restored from 1899 to 1902.
№ 7: Le Renard (Dutch: In den Vos; "The Fox"), House of the Corporation of Haberdashers since the 15th century, rebuilt in 1699.[19] It contains bas-reliefs above the ground floor, allegorical sculptures of the four continents, and at the top, a (now disappeared) statue of Saint Nicholas, patron of haberdashers.
Between Rue Charles Buls/Karel Bulsstraat and Rue des Chapeliers/Hoedenmakersstraat (south):
From right to left: L'Étoile, Le Cygne, L'Arbre d'Or, La Rose and Le Mont Thabor
№ 8: L'Étoile (Dutch: De Sterre; "The Star"), House of the Amman, rebuilt in 1695. It was demolished in 1852 with the whole side of the street which corner it occupies, and which was then called Rue de l'Étoile/Sterrestraat, to allow the passage of a horse-drawn tramway. Rebuilt in 1897, at the initiative of Mayor of Brussels Charles Buls, by replacing the ground floor with a colonnade, it became an annex to the neighbouring house. The street was renamed Rue Charles Buls/Karel Bulsstraat in honour of the mayor and a plaque is affixed under the house in tribute to the latter and to the builders of the Grand Place, next to the monument to Everard t'Serclaes.
№ 9: Le Cygne (Dutch: De Zwane; "The Swan"), bourgeois house rebuilt in 1698 by financier Pierre Fariseau whose monogram is placed in the centre of the facade.[20] It was bought in 1720 by the Corporation of Butchers who modified the upper part. Restored between 1896 and 1904. The founding congress of the Belgian Workers' Party was held there in April 1885. It is also in this house that Karl Marx wrote the Manifesto of the Communist Party.
№ 10: L'Arbre d'Or (Dutch: In den Gulden Boom; "The Golden Tree"), House of the Corporation of Brewers (now converted into a brewery museum). It is dated 1696 and was restored in 1901.[21] During the construction of this house, the architect Guillaume de Bruyn pronounced the famous sentence: "You had the conscience to work for eternity!". This house is adorned with sculptures by Marc de Vos and Pierre van Dievoet and is capped by an equestrian statue of Charles Alexander of Lorraine, which was installed in 1752 to replace another of Maximilian II Emmanuel of Bavaria, governor during the reconstruction of Brussels.
№ 11: La Rose (Dutch: De Roos; "The Rose"), private house rebuilt in 1702 and restored in 1901.[22]
№ 12: Le Mont Thabor (Dutch: In den Bergh Thabor; "The Mount Thabor"), private house rebuilt in 1699 and restored in 1885.[23]
Between Rue des Chapeliers/Hoedenmakersstraat and Rue de la Colline/Bergstraat (east):
House of the Dukes of Brabant
№ 12a (formerly № 2–4 rue des Chapeliers/Hoedenmakersstraat): House of Alsemberg (French: Maison d'Alsemberg) or House of the King of Bavaria (French: Maison du Roi de Bavière, Dutch: De Koning van Beieren), private house built in 1699 with a blue stone portal bearing the mark of the stonemason and a large oculus on the gable.[24]
№ 13–19: House of the Dukes of Brabant (French: Maison des Ducs de Brabant, Dutch: Huis van de Hertogen van Brabant), set of seven houses grouped behind the same monumental facade designed by Guillaume de Bruyn and modified in 1770, so called because of the busts of the Dukes of Brabant which adorn it.[25] It was restored between 1881 and 1890.
№ 13: La Renommée (Dutch: De Faem; "The Fame"), private house
№ 14: L'Ermitage (Dutch: De Cluyse; "The Hermitage"), House of the Corporation of Carpet Makers
№ 15: La Fortune (Dutch: De Fortuine; "The Fortune"), House of the Corporation of Tanners
№ 16: Le Moulin à Vent (Dutch: De Windmolen; "The Windmill"), House of the Corporation of Millers
№ 17: Le Pot d'Étain (Dutch: De Tinnepot; "The Tin Pot"), House of the Corporation of Cartwrights
№ 18: La Colline (Dutch: De Heuvel; "The Hill"), House of the Corporation of Sculptors, Masons, Stone-Cutters and Slate-Cutters
№ 19: La Bourse (Dutch: De Borse; "The Purse"), private house
Between Rue de la Colline/Bergstraat and Rue des Harengs/Haringstraat (north-east):
From right to left: Le Cerf, Joseph et Anne, L'Ange, La Chaloupe d'Or, Le Pigeon and Le Marchand d'Or
№ 20: Le Cerf (Dutch: De Hert or De Heert; "The Deer"), private house. The facade was rebuilt in 1710 and restored in 1897.[26]
№ 21–22: Joseph et Anne (Dutch: Joseph en Anna; "Joseph and Anne"), two private houses under a single facade.[27] The gable, destroyed in the 19th century, was rebuilt in 1897 after a watercolour by Ferdinand-Joseph De Rons from 1729.
№ 23: L'Ange (Dutch: Den Engel; "The Angel"), private house of the merchant Jan De Vos, rebuilt in 1697 after a drawing by Guillaume de Bruyn who restored the Italian-Flemish style.[28] The altered facade was reconstructed in 1897 according to old images.
№ 24–25: La Chaloupe d'Or (Dutch: De Gulden Boot; "The Golden Boat"), House of the Corporation of Tailors, designed by William de Bruyn in 1697.[29] It was destined to become the centre of a monumental facade covering the entire north-eastern side, which was refused by the owners of the neighbouring houses. It is capped by a statue of Saint Homobonus of Cremona, patron saint of tailors. The sculptures are the work of Pierre van Dievoet. The current bust of Saint Barbara above the door is the work of Godefroid Van den Kerckhove (1872).
№ 26–27: Le Pigeon (Dutch: De Duif; "The Dove") was the property of the Corporation of Painters since the 15th century, who sold it in 1697 to the stonemason and architect Pierre Simon, considered to be the designer of the facade.[30] It housed Victor Hugo during his stay in Brussels and was restored in 1908.
№ 28: Le Marchand d'Or (Dutch: De Gulden Koopman; "The Golden Merchant"), private house of the tiler Corneille Mombaerts, rebuilt in 1709 and restored in 1882.[31]
Between Rue Chair et Pain/Vlees-en-Broodstraat and Rue au Beurre/Boterstraat (north-west):
From right to left: Le Heaume, Le Paon, Le Petit Renard, Le Chêne, Sainte-Barbe and L'Âne
№ 34: Le Heaume (Dutch: Den Helm; "The Helmet"), private house.[32] According to Guillaume Des Marez, the architect is Pierre van Dievoet. It was restored in 1920.
№ 35: Le Paon (Dutch: Den pauw; "The Peacock"), surmounted by a characteristic gable of 18th century houses.[33] It was restored in 1882.
№ 36–37: Le Petit Renard (Dutch: t Voske; "The Small Fox") or Le Samaritain (Dutch: De Samaritaen; "The Samaritan") and Le Chêne (Dutch: Den Eyck; "The Oak"), two houses dated 1696 and restored in 1884–1886.[34]
№ 38: Sainte-Barbe (Dutch: In Sint Barbara; "Saint Barbara"), private house built in 1696.[35]
№ 39: L'Âne (Dutch: Den Ezel; "The Donkey"), private house restored in 1916.[36]
EventsEdit
Festivities and cultural events are frequently organised on the Grand Place, such as light and sound shows during the Christmas period, or concerts in the summer. Among the most important and famous are the Flower Carpet and the Ommegang.
Flower carpetEdit
Main article: Flower Carpet (Brussels)
The flower carpet in 2008
Every two years[37] in August, an enormous flower carpet is set up in the Grand Place for a few days. A million colourful begonias are set up in patterns, and the display covers a full 24 by 77 metres (79 by 253 ft), for area total of 1,800 m2 (19,000 sq ft).[9] The first flower carpet was made in 1971, and due to its popularity, the tradition continued, with the flower carpet attracting a large number of tourists.[38]
OmmegangEdit
Main article: Ommegang of Brussels
At the beginning of July, the Ommegang, one of the largest historical re-enactments in Europe, commemorating the Joyous Entry of Emperor Charles V in Brussels in 1549, ends with a large spectacle on the Grand Place.
In popular cultureEdit
The second and third series of the BBC television series Secret Army were filmed there in 1978 and 1979, specifically around the building that is now Maxim's restaurant.
The Grand Place, towards the King's House
The Grand Place on the day of the Belgian Beer Weekend
The Grand Place by night
The Town Hall by night
^ In this case, the French word place is a "false friend", and the correct counterparts in English are "plaza" or "town square".
^ a b "Welcome - Brussels City Museum". www.brusselscitymuseum.brussels (in French). Retrieved January 19, 2018.
^ a b "Museums and art centres". www.brussels.be. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
^ a b "Brussels City Museum - Exhibitions, Hours, Tickets". www.brussels.info. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
^ a b "Most Beautiful Squares in Europe". stedentripper.com. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
^ "The 10 MOST BEAUTIFUL SQUARES in the World | The Grandest Monumental City Squares and Town Plazas". www.ucityguides.com. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
^ "The world's most beautiful city squares - perfect places for people-watching". The Telegraph. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
^ a b Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "La Grand-Place, Brussels". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
^ a b c d e "History of the Grand Place of Brussels". Commune Libre de l'Îlot Sacré. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
^ "La Grande-Place de Bruxelles" (in French). bruNET. May 17, 2007. Retrieved October 9, 2009.
^ a b c d "Occupation of Brussels on 20 August 1914". City of Brussels. City of Brussels. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 3, 2016.
^ "I.r.a. Sets Off Bomb at Belgian Concert". August 29, 1979 – via NYTimes.com.
^ "Pedestrian zone". www.brussels.be. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - Den Coninck van Spaigniën - Grote Markt 1 - SAMYN A. (1900)". www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - Den Cruywagen - Grote Markt 2-3 - COSIJN J. (1697)". www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - Den Sack - Grote Markt 4 - PASTORANA A. (1697)". www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - De Wolf / De Wolvin - Grote Markt 5 - HERBOSCH P." www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - Den Horen / Schippershuis - Grote Markt 6 - PASTORANA A." www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - In den Vos - Grote Markt 7 - JAMAER P.V. (1883)". www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - De Sterre / De Zwane - Grote Markt 9 - Karel Bulsstraat 2". www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - De Hille / In den Gulden Boom - Grote Markt 10 - Brouwersstraat 12 - DE BRUYN W." www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - De Roos - Grote Markt 11 - JAMAER P.V. (1885)". www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - In den Berg Thabor - Grote Markt 12 - TIMMERMANS F." www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - De Koning van Beieren - Grote Markt 12a - Hoedenmakersstraat 2-4". www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - Hertogen van Brabant - Grote Markt 13, 14, 15, 16, 17-18, 19 - DE BRUYN W." www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - Heert - Grote Markt 20". www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - Joseph / Anna - Grote Markt 21-22 - SAMYN A. (1896)". www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - Den Engel - Grote Markt 23". www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - De Gulden Boot / De Mol - Grote Markt 24-25 - DE BRUYN W." www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - De Duif - Grote Markt 26, 27 - SEGERS J." www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - Gulden Koopman / De Wapens van Brabant - Haringstraat 20 - Grote Markt 28 - WALCKIERS J." www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - Den Helm - Grote Markt 34". www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - Den Pauw - Grote Markt 35 - JAMAER P.V. (1882)". www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - T Voske / Den Eyck - Grote Markt 36, 37 - JAMAER P.V." www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - In Sint Barbara - Grote Markt 38 - MALFAIT F." www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ "Brussel Vijfhoek - Den Ezel - Grote Markt 39". www.irismonument.be. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
^ Kemp, Richard (1997) [1991]. "Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg". The Picture Atlas of the World (Third ed.). 9 Henrietta Street, London: Dorling Kindersley. p. 41. ISBN 0-7513-5358-2.
^ "Giant Flower Carpet on the Grand Place in Brussels Pays Tribute to Turkish Immigrants". International Business Times UK. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grand Place.
UNESCO page related to the Grand Place
Virtual visit, photos and webcam of the Grand Place
Brussels' Flowercarpet official website
Visit the Grand Place in 360° Photosphere
Coordinates: 50°50′48″N 4°21′09″E / 50.8467°N 4.3525°E / 50.8467; 4.3525
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Place&oldid=904812533"


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text:
The Park is open year-round
Full Hours
Summer Entertainment Series
Nature Playground
The Park Café
Park + Zoo Redevelopment
MemoryStones
Canada's Diversity Gardens
Canada's Diversity Gardens/
EXTERIOR GARDENS
What are the 'green' aspects of the project?
Canada's Diversity Gardens will be an icon for global connections and environmental stewardship, aiming to achieve LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Silver certification in building design. Through the efficient use of solar panels, earth ducts and a geo-thermal energy system, The Leaf will be an energy efficient building of the highest caliber, equipped with on-site renewable energy.
Additional components of the green energy system include:
• Efficient passive ventilation system
• ETFE roof material
• Earth berms to maximize heat retention
• Cistern to collect rain water and snow melt for irrigation
• Maximized capture of light exposure
What is ETFE?
ETFE (ethylene- tetra-fluoro-ethylene) is a co-polymer resin that is extruded into a thin film. The plastic-like material is translucent, extremely light-weight, very durable and resistant to corrosion and is self-cleaning. ETFE does not degrade with exposure to UV light, atmospheric pollution, harsh chemicals or extreme temperatures. The material has withstood extensive testing within extreme environments, and is expected to have a 30-50 year life expectancy while requiring minimal maintenance. Despite its weight (1/100 the weight of glass) ETFE handles snow/wind loads very well. In sheet form, it can stretch three times its length without losing elasticity.
What will the traffic flow be like in Assiniboine Park once Canada's Diversity Gardens is open?
The vehicular access point to Canada's Diversity Gardens will be from the Shaftesbury entrance of Assiniboine Park with a clear one-way traffic route. In an effort to create a safe vehicular intersection, the intention is to close the entrance at Park and Corydon Avenue to vehicular access and make it a pedestrian and bicycle access only. Additionally, it is our intention to work the with City of Winnipeg to create a transit stop just west of the intersection to make it easier for people travelling to Canada's Diversity Gardens by public transit.
APC will also be expanding the free shuttle service throughout the Park to help visitors get from one area to another. Once construction is complete, the number of parking spots available will be more than double the current capacity in this section of the Park.
Will the butterfly garden be open year-round?
The butterfly garden will be open year round and will be included in the general admission fee to The Leaf. Once The Leaf is open, the seasonal butterfly garden that is currently at the Zoo will be repurposed.
Will there be sufficient light for the plants in The Leaf to grow properly, particularly during the winter months?
The Leaf has been positioned to maximize natural light exposure to all of the plants inside the facility. The ETFE on the top of the building is three layers thick, allowing it to regulate the amount of heat and light coming through in the summer months. The glass along the southeast and southwest portion of the building is single paned so that the lower sunlight in the winter will be maximized. The result will include significantly more light exposure allowing for a greater diversity of plant material to be showcased than in the current Conservatory.
What is the production timeline for plants in Canada's Diversity Gardens?
A specific planting plan for Canada's Diversity Gardens is currently in development. Plant material selected for Canada's Diversity Gardens will not be grown on site, but rather purchased from specialty nurseries across North America. Some plant material may come from other public garden institutions, but the majority will be come from specialized nurseries in the southern United States. All plants will be installed a few months prior to the opening of the Canada's Diversity Gardens so as to allow time for the material to get established in their new surroundings.
What is APC's pest management strategy?
Within the gardens and existing Conservatory, APC practices an integrated pesticide management (IPM) strategy. This is a method of controlling harmful insects and diseases in an environment by using other insects or natural substances instead of pesticides.
What types of plants will be in the Gardens?
A specific planting plan is in development; however the selected plantings will celebrate the use of plants in our lives – food and drink, health and wellbeing, beauty, spirituality, and conservation. Some of the plants may have purposes beyond aesthetic and interpretive materials will share the cultural significances of the plants within the gardens.
What will happen to the current Conservatory?
A number of feasibility assessments conducted since 2002 have concluded that the Conservatory is at the end of its useful life and it is not practical to attempt to maintain it for the future. The building has experienced a variety of ongoing operational deficiencies. For these reasons, the decision was made to schedule the closing of the Conservatory in April 2018, giving the community advance notice and the opportunity to give the Conservatory the farewell it deserves. The short-term plan for the Conservatory site will be for construction of the support facilities and green houses, the long-term plan is to convert the site into a green space for public use.
Will Canada's Diversity Gardens have an admission fee? Will there be a membership program?
Yes, The Leaf will be admission based but the exterior gardens will remain free to the public, similar to the current English Garden and Leo Mol Sculpture Garden. There will be a membership program developed for Canada's Diversity Gardens closer to the time of opening.
What is the construction timeline for Canada's Diversity Gardens?
Government funding for Canada's Diversity Gardens was formally announced in July 2017 allowing APC to move forward confidently with project planning and construction. We are now working toward completion and opening of The Leaf in late 2020. This timeline is contingent on meeting two major seasonal milestones that must be completed in warm weather:
1) installation of the specialized roof in summer 2019 (3 – 4 months)
2) planting of the biomes in summer 2020 (3 – 4 months)
assiniboine park
55 Pavilion Crescent | View Map