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GLOBAL CHARTER/LEGAL STANDARD
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12 principles for a strong, fair and clean economy
Posted by 15110 Jul 6, 2009
As a contribution to the debate on the proposed new "Global Standard" (see: www.oecd.org/globalstandard) an Italian-led working group has drawn up, with the assistance of the OECD, a list of 12 "common principles and standards" designed to support efforts to relaunch the world economy on a new and more stable growth path.
Drawing on existing agreements and instruments where available and on newly developed codes where needed, the 12-point proposal would provide an ethical and legal framework to underpin propriety, integrity and transparency in international business dealings.
The proposed "12 commandments" were prepared with OECD help by a working group including legal and financial experts, academics and politicians in support of discussions hosted by the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance in Villa Madama, Rome, on 11-12 May 2009. Those discussions fed into the so-called Lecce Framework for the global economy endorsed by G8 Finance Ministers at their meeting in Lecce, Italy, on 12-13 June 2009. G8 leaders will further discuss the principles of propriety, integrity and transparency at their L'Aquila Summit later this week.
The working group's proposal takes as its starting point the notion that "a strong, fair and clean economy must be based on the values of propriety, integrity and transparency (and that) these values should be promoted by public policies and be upheld by business."
The proposal calls for international cooperation to avoid any "race to the bottom" in labour, socal and environmental standards and regulatory arbitrage. It condemns tax evasion and corruption, and calls for accountability and fairness in relations between company management, boards, shareholders and other stakeholders.
The full text is as follows:
Common Principles and Standards on Propriety, Integrity and Transparency
1) A strong, fair and clean economy must be based on the values of propriety, integrity and transparency. These values should be promoted by public policies and be upheld by business. Effective monitoring of the implementation of these principles and standards should be undertaken on a regular basis.
2) Governments, companies and all business entities, irrespective of their legal form, around the world should recognise that these values are the keystone of a market economy which serves the needs and aspirations of citizens of every country and which deserves their respect and confidence.
3) Any "race to the bottom" in labour, social and environmental standards and regulatory arbitrage among jurisdictions should be prevented through international cooperation and convergence of domestic legal frameworks.
4) Tax evasion and avoidance are harmful to society as a whole and companies and all business entities, irrespective of their legal form, should fulfil their fiscal duties, including by respecting the arm's length principle in transfer pricing practices.
5) Government / business interaction, including lobbying and "revolving door", should be conducted in accordance with principles which are balanced, transparent, fair to all parties, and enforceable.
6) Business practices and governance of companies and all business entities, irrespective of their legal form - whether traded or non-traded, private or State-owned - should ensure accountability and fairness in the relationship between management, the board, shareholders and other stakeholders. Financial structures and instruments should not be misused in order to hide the true beneficial owner and corporate vehicles, in their various forms, should not be used for illicit activities, including money laundering, bribery, shielding assets from creditors, illicit tax practices, self-dealing and diversion of assets, market fraud and circumvention of disclosure requirements.
7) Disclosure of timely and accurate information regarding the activities, structure, ownership, financial situation and performance of companies should be ensured.
8) Pay and compensation schemes should be sustainable and consistent with companies' and all business entities', irrespective of their legal form, long-term goals and prudent risk-taking.
9) Bribery, including bribery in international business transactions, should be established as a criminal offence and effectively prosecuted and punished.
10) Money laundering should be criminalised and the crime of money laundering should be applied to all serious offences, with a view to including the widest range of predicate offences.
11) Any form of protectionism should be banned.
12) Bank secrecy should not constitute an obstacle to the application of the above mentioned principles , including tax compliance worldwide.
6688 Views Comments: 9 Permalink Tags: global_standard, principles
Ethical Rules and Common Sense as a Basis for a Global Standard
Posted by 106131 Jul 6, 2009
by Prof. Dr. Uwe H. Schneider, Director of the Center of German and International Law of Financial Services, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
Globalisation has lead to an open market without common legal rules. However, there are a number of common standards, principles etc. such as:
- the OECD Corporate Governance Principles
- the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises
- the UN Global Compact and
- the Basel Committee Principles: Enhancing corporate governance for banking organisations.
These principles are a useful start for a common framework for national, cross border and international behaviour of market participants. Recently we have learnt a lesson from the financial crisis. This urges us to revise these codes, principles etc. Among others the duty to implement a risk management has to be laid down in the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance.
But why do we need a new Global Standard? The idea is persuasive! It is obvious that such a Global Standard should not just repeat what has already been regulated. So, what is the added value to the existing codes, principles etc.? After consensus about the benefit of a Global Standard we should be more concrete.
First: What type of principles and standards are we talking about? It is a common place that companies and their directors should follow legal rules such as anti-bribery-rules, anti-trust-rules, tax-rules, etc. These legal rules are national rules; they may differ and create conflicts in a global market. National rules are complemented by international principles and standards.
But for many reasons the legislator has reached the limits of his scope of action. Ethical rules cannot be decreed, trust cannot be ordered, evasion cannot successfully be regulated and to often the law can not be executed. The actual financial crisis is both namely a crisis of the rule of law and a rebirth in the trust into a common rules.
But: We need a new, an additional level of standards.
Therefore: The principles and standards of the Global Standard should connect and limit. They should connect all addressees global wide and they should limit their behaviour. The Global Standard should contain ethical and social standards for the behaviour of all addresses in the market. The Global Standard should stress propriety and integrity, sustainability and transparency.
Second: Who should be the addressee of the Global Standard? Only the directors and the members of the board? Legal duties are only imposed on the company, its directors and to some extend to the shareholders. The Global Standard should have wider implications. The well being of the company is in the interest of all stakeholders, even in the interest of the society. And the common principles should address all stakeholders including the legislator and the administration.
Third: The Global Standard should recognise self-determination of individuals, freedom of contract, freedom to form companies, a free market including cross border and international trade. But the goal of the Global Standard is to bring into mind that there are limits for human behaviour, short term and long term responsibilities and ethical rules.
Fourth: One of the most important reasons for the actual crisis is the permanent attempt of the intellectual elite to find a way to evade rules. Evasion of accounting rules, supervisory rules, tax rules, etc. has become a global sport – and a big business. "Evasion" is one of the hottest issues in town – even in countries where principle based regulation has a long tradition. For the national legislator it is nearly impossible to tackle this problem as evasion also includes the exploitation and capitalisation of the differences between legal systems ("legal systems shopping").
Therefore: The Global Standard should condemn the evasion of rules and standards.
Fifth: Often the ultimate shareholder, the ultimate contracting party, the ultimate holding company, the ultimate debtor and the ultimate creditor is not known to the public. Groups of companies, various forms of intertwining, international cross holdings are not transparent. Therefore the public is not aware, who is bound by the standards. European and national laws foresee that important holdings have to be disclosed. In reality instead of the real shareholder nominees are registered and major shareholders try to remain anonymous by hiding in the bushes.
Therefore: The Global Standard should stress the idea of transparency of market participants.
Sixth: Companies, their boards, their directors and officers have to follow the rules, principles and standards. In groups of companies not only the individual company, their boards, etc. have to follow the rules, principles and standards. In addition the holding company carries a responsibility for all subsidiaries.
Therefore: The Global Standard should express the idea that the holding company carries a special responsibility for the group.
Seventh: Even on a national basis the "race to the law" takes too much time and has to cross many obstacles. In an international setting it is too often nearly impossible to execute the law.
Therefore: The Global Standard should remind that only law executed is good law.
Eighth: The Global Standard should not be a legally binding code. But it should be made public, whether the addressees feel, that they should follow the principles and the recommendations – and act in this way.
2795 Views Comments: 1 Permalink
Comments on the Lecce Framework
by Avi Singh (barrister, admitted to practice in California and India)
Regulations and laws often reflect prevailing wisdoms, or ideologies, though the latter is a label often labeled on ideas and assumptions one opposes. The current crises has certainly called into question prevailing wisdoms, as crises are wont to, and any reform will have to address the failures of assumptions that have guided past policies and frameworks, and norms on international and national regulation of financial markets, capital flows, taxation, and financial globalization and integration. New assumptions will necessarily be contested, not merely from differing normative ideas on the "should" of the system, guided in part by differing emphasis on efficiency, equality, justice, and in part by historic experiences, but also by lingering habits and proponents. Any attempts at globalised norms or principles, essential to a globalised response to a globalised problem and a problem with a particular type of globalization, must address the question of normative assumptions that are no longer viable, and are merely ideologies which contribute to the crises in global financial capitalism rather than to making attempts such as the Lecce Framework constructive efforts.
There has indeed existed a normative assumption, unrestrained by factual evidence, that unfettered global financial markets, with their abstractions of efficiency, must be beyond municipal, multinational and international law because they not only contributed to, but were essential to, economic growth. A normative consensus had formed around such a principle that survived the arguments and questions posed by the East Asian crises of 1997, a crises whose causes lay, as they do, in the assumption of markets being efficiency, and thus, driving economic growth. Ironically, the response of international finance policy-makers was to prescribe a strengthened emphasis on unregulated and unfettered integration with global financial markets, with the hope that the rationality of markets would eventually lead to a growth equilibrium. National responses, understandably and rationally, did not necessarily concur, and in their varied responses all sought to hedge against the rationality of markets by carrying significant dollar reserves.
Thus, global financial capitalism, in general terms, was granted a zone of legal exclusion because of its role in encouraging economic growth. It was not to be heavily taxed, subject to restrictions on movement, disclosure, rules of ethical conduct, anti-monopolistic rules, protection for consumers and invesors, transparency, rules derived from principles of trust. Such rules were not necessary because the system was rationally positive, leading to paraphrase Reverend Martin Luther King, towards an arc of growth, bending towards prosperity. The difference of course was that Revered King spoke as a man of hope with faith in the course of history, while the assumption for financial markets let to a framework of international principles that effectively sought to exclude global financial markets and global financial capitalism from meaningful regulation. Law and regulations, were applicable, were designed to facilitate the efficient functioning of the rational market, not ensure that it was consistent with public policy. The entitlement, not granted to the local butcher, was to ensure that it would lead to economic growth and prosperity.
Such an assumption seems topically naïve today, but its strength of endurance and elegance of proponents are not to be underestimated. Some have categorised the current crises as distortion brought about by bad actors rather than systematic issues. However, there is growing evidence to suggest that even in its hey day, global capitalism never, in itself, has tended towards causing economic prosperity, unless prosperity is measured solely as returns from capital. For instance, India achieved almost equal growth rates in the 1980s and 1990s, and while it may be argued that India has never been integrated into the financial markets, India changed its policy to attract capital flows in 1991 markedly, and did attract capital flows exponentially higher in the 1990s.
However, even from the narrow perspective on returns of capital, it is unclear that global financial markets maximize returns on capital. Interest rates in India, like in other developing countries, are approximately 10%, and capital is at a premium t businesses and individuals. Credit to farmers or those on the economic periphery is even more dear, and often informal at close to usury rates. The dearness of credit is unrelated to the risk to capital, as microcredit institutions have proven in practice. Financial markets invested in sub prime mortgages, and derivate products, backed by increasingly sophisticated mathematical models, whose abstractions of efficiency are necessary rhetoric for globalised, impersonal systems. The economics of efficiency of global financial markets require large economies of scale, rather than an efficient balancing between risk and reward for capital invested. Global financial markets as a vehicle for maximizing returns on capital is also an assumption that is no longer sustainable.
Indeed, as financial engineering has replaced real engineering, even growth has been abstracted to echo the assumptions that financial markets encourage growth. As real incomes in most developed countries have stagnated, growth of financial transactions has continued unabated, with the pressure being somewhat eased by the availability, at least till recently, of cheap credit. Financial assets intermediated through banks reached an astonishing USD $ 477 trillion (McKinsey) while the export of good and services totaled USD $6.1 trillion.
The only other legal rational for offering capitalism unfettered international and transnational exclusion from meaningful regulation is an argument from classical legal thought that one has the right to invest private property, in this case, capital, without interference, and be allowed to earn returns from the capital. Such an argument, even further back in history, has never reflected the practice of global capitalism, which as often dependent on public enforcement of private property rights, sometimes with colonial armies and gunboats. Thus, the private property right of global capital is heavily dependent on public enforcement of such a right, even more heavily dependent on enforcement than the property rights recognized in immovable or movable property. Yet, the latter forms of property rights are heavily regulated, and subject to taxation, and other regulations to ensure that property rights are practiced consistent with public order and public policy of promoting moral, ethical, and values of justice. No man's home is his castle! Further, that the market benefits of monopoly warrant extreme regulation is an acceptable norm which applies to systematic players, the lead actors in global financial capitalism, who advantage from their systematic advantage in the system, and from the systematic risk that their failures would endanger.
Thus, economic efficiency or promotion of economic growth do not justify the entitlement, and even the right, to be excluded from public regulation. The Lecce Framework is an important beginnining, along with other frameworks, to state the principles that will inform the setting of rules that will form the basis of what needs to be a formation of public international law. As in all exercises in establishing norms and rules in public international law, the articulation of principles without rules is a more realistic, albeit modest, goal, and there have been some principles that have already been articulated. Morality and ethics – the foundations of propriety and integrity – are necessary, but cannot be assumed as the norm, but one that rules must incentivise.
The principle that the principles of propriety, integrity and transparency require public regulation that effectuates public policy in a pluralistic, democratic manner is a principle that must be addressed. Without such a principle, the entitlement of legal exclusion will continue to exist, even without any foundation for the assumptions that justify it. Indeed, such a principle is already the basis of numerous rules to regulate other forms of global flows of capital, which for numerous reasons, are considered as contrary to international public policy. The work of the Financial Action Task Force, the institutionalized information exchange between tax authorities to combat money laundering, terrorism financing, and increasingly tax evasion, are all examples of international rules that strictly regulate forms of global capital flows. There is no normative reason to draw the line short of regulating the citadels of global financial capitalism, for the cost to the international community from the formalised system is far greater than the cost from peripheral activities such as money laundering.
The Visible Hand of Law: Four Challenges for Global Leaders
by Giulio Napolitano, Professor of Public Law - Roma Tre University – gnapolitano@uniroma3.it
Every political, economic or social crisis may have a silver lining. It becomes a learning experience, changing the mainstream of the political process and the existing patterns of economic and legal analysis. This is exactly what happened at the time of Wall Street crash in 1929, with the rise of the Regulatory State in the U.S and of the Welfare State in Europe. Also the 2008 financial crisis is going to change radically the economic role of the State.
In the last few months, in a context of economic emergency, private losses have been made to weigh on the public purse, assets and securities have been brought under State control and banks have been nationalized. But what we do still need is to establish a new global order for economic activities in which prosperity, welfare and fairness can be assured all over the world. To achieve these objectives global leader must face four main challenges.
The first challenge is to assess the proper economic role of Government. The increase in paperless financial operations and the deregulation of oversight has led to the emergence of the State as savior of the financial and economic system. What just happened reminds us that the stabilization role performed by the State is fundamental. This is often overlooked in times of economic and market expansion, but it is bound to re-emerge suddenly in crisis situations, particularly financial ones. That's why we must provide the Government with the tools it needs to manage financial and economic emergencies.
The second challenge is to enhance transparency and accountability of bailout and stimulus programs. These measures, even if necessary to avoid the collapse of the economic system, put taxpayers and future generations money in the hands of financial institutions and economic actors. That's why they might be intended just as the result of a market exchange in the political process, at benefit of the most organized pressure groups.
Bailout and stimulus packages, even more if partially failing and eroding the financial stability of States, could be strongly questioned in next months and put on crisis democratic institutions. That's why discretionary powers given to the Executives to manage the emergency must be balanced by parliamentary oversight and public opinion scrutiny. Moreover, collective money injected into the market must arrive to the people, assuring an adequate credit flow to the economic operators and to the families affected by unemployment and adopting new social welfare programs.
The third challenge is to address an effective regulatory reform in order to extend the scope and the efficacy of rules and supervision to banking and financial markets, with a view to the prevention of future crises. We need to extend the area of public oversight; to find a new balance between command and control and market incentives regulation; to protect consumers and investors from financial abuse; to intensify the level of cooperation and integration between supervisory authorities, both at national and supranational level.
The fourth challenge is to establish a more stringent and effective global standard for all economic activities than what is currently in force. The objective is to prevent competition between legal orders from giving rise to a race to the bottom capable of overwhelming any value and protection and to reduce the margins for dangerous regulatory arbitrage by operators.
Today, in different areas of international trade, there are already multiple rules and standards. But they are unrelated one to the other, with many loopholes in the middle; often they are set by private regulators, some times very close to regulated actors; finally they are entrusted to soft law instruments and provide only for limited and often ineffective enforcement.
That's why we need a codex of existing legal rules of international trade; to fill the gaps; and to adopt new enforcement mechanisms, clearly mandating both supranational and national authorities to enforce and implement set standards at the international level.
In the last two decades we left a global disorder came out at the expense of the weaker countries and people. Time has come to move the visible hand of the law and to establish a new global order.
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What are the things that make you smile?
1. I have such wonderful, amazing and true friends. Last week one of the girls in the group really laid into me for no reason and everyone else took to defend me and put her in her place. That meant a lot to me.
2. We are nearing to Spring time and I see daffodils in sight.
3. I had a wonderful Mothers Day lunch with my little one.
4. Have you guys been to Squirrel in South Kensington? It is the new healthy eating cafe I stumbled across with a few friends last week. They do a great avocado toast and their pumpkin spice latte is really something. Move over Starbuck, you have competition.
5. I watched my bestie at a blockchain conference sit on a panel in front of hundreds of people to answer questions. She has only been in the role for a month so I was very proud of her.
What has made you smile this past week?
It is only Monday afternoon and I have gone through 3 cups of coffee already and my in between meal snacks consisted of a sneaky bar of chocolate (large….yikes what was I thinking) and coconut oat flapjack. My chocolate cravings always seem to kick with time of the month!
I will start to be healthy tomorrow. We can all have cheat days here and there, that is what I call having a balanced diet, right?


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Geografia:
 Can Palet, urbanització del municipi de Corbera de Llobregat, al Baix Llobregat
 Can Palet, barri de Terrassa, al Vallès Occidental, situat al districte 3 o del Sud
 Can Palet, urbanització del municipi d'Ullastrell, al Vallès Occidental
 Can Palet II, barri de Terrassa, situat al districte 3 o del Sud
 Can Palet de la Quadra de Vallparadís, o Can Palet de la Quadra, masia de Terrassa que ha donat nom al barri de Can Palet.
 Can Palet de Vista Alegre, urbanització del municipi de Terrassa, al sud-oest de la ciutat

 Entitats:
 Associació Educativa Can Palet, associació del barri de Can Palet de Terrassa, al Vallès Occidental.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Idaho town warns against drinking water after man found dead
BOISE, Idaho (AP) - Residents of an Idaho town have been told not to drink its well water amid concerns that a fired municipal worker who killed himself in his home may have contaminated it, officials said Friday.
Tom Young, 62, was found dead Thursday by emergency workers who were sent to a hospital after entering his residence in Dietrich.
Lincoln County Sheriff Rene Rodriguez said Friday that Young's death has been ruled a suicide and the cause is asphyxiation by nitrogen gas released into the home from a tank.
The gas is also blamed for sickening seven emergency workers, including Rodriguez, who was among those transported to hospitals. One other person was taken to a hospital. All were later released.
"For a couple of our guys it was sudden onset, and for me and a couple others it was delayed reaction," said Rodriguez, noting he was still experiencing headaches.
It's the second case in recent years that has drawn attention to the tiny farming town located about 125 miles east of Boise and known for its deeply religious population.
In 2015, three high school football teammates were charged with sodomizing a black teenager with a clothes hanger in a locker room.
A sex assault charge against one suspect was later dropped and he was sentenced to probation for felony injury to a child.
In the latest case, Rodriguez said hazardous materials experts responded after the workers got sick. The home was deemed safe to enter about three hours later.
Odorless nitrogen replaces oxygen in the blood, and exposure to high levels of the gas can be fatal.
Rodriquez said somebody other than Young called to report an unresponsive man in the home.
Young was fired May 9 from his city post following an altercation at City Hall that involved police, Dietrich Mayor Don Heiken said, declining to elaborate on the incident.
Court records say Young had been charged with felony robbery and misdemeanor counts of battery and intentional destruction of property. He pleaded not guilty and posted a $600 bond.
"When I talked to him after this altercation at City Hall, he said, 'Well, I guess I don't have a job,'" Heiken said. "And I said, 'No you don't.' And that's kind of how that happened."
Heiken said there's concern Young contaminated the well that serves the community of 300 people. However, he noted that it was unclear if Young would have had access to city property because he turned in his keys the day he got fired.
Mike Brown of the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality said Friday that the first set of water tests found no contamination, the Idaho Statesman reported .
"We surveyed the system and saw nothing out of the ordinary and no evidence of tampering," he said earlier in the day.
He said Young had a large amount of fertilizer in his home and the tests will determine if there is fertilizer or other substances in the water used by residents.
Brown said nitrogen by itself wouldn't harm the city's drinking water.
Results of the other tests are expected Saturday.
Young had been scheduled to appear in court on the same day he was found dead.
Rodriguez said he had interacted with Young through their jobs.
"I never had any issue with Mr. Young prior to this call," he said. "We always had a very professional relationship."
New PUA benefits require verification process

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Red carpet of MAMA 2018's first day: Out of this year's rookies, who gets the spot light
At the opening event of MAMA 2018, the first night of the event will be devoted to the rookies, which debuted from late 2017 til now.
After a long wait, Mnet Asian Music Awards 2018 was officially held. At the opening night of this year's event, there were powerful young artists who have just debuted but have left their mark on the KPOP map. They include: HAON & VINXEN, Hyeongseop X Euiwoong, Kim Dong Han, Stray Kids, The Boyz, fromis_9, (G) I-DLE, GWSN, NATURE, LOOŁA, IZ * ONE.
With the aim of becoming a prestigious award ceremony, as usual, MAMA's organizers this year invited more potential faces from different countries, singers who have had a pretty successful 2018. Among them are Orange, the representative of Vietnam, and many colleagues such as Dean Ting, Hiragana Keyakizaka46, Marion Jola, The Toys …
All of the names mentioned gathered on the red carpet of "2018 MAMA Premiere in Korea" at Dongdaemun Design Plaza (Korea) to greet the audience and the media. See how these rookies have helped themselves to stand out in the way!
Netizens look back at the success and influence of Wanna One on Kpop when the day of its disbandment came close
MAMA 2018 first day: Stray Kids, IZ * ONE won the best rookie award, (G) I-DLE received the comfort award


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Lincolnshire Aviation Heritage Centre
The Lincolnshire Aviation Heritage Centre is a privately owned and run Museum and was set up by two farming brothers, Fred and Harold Panton.
It has been built up as a memorial to Bomber Command and primarily as a tribute to their eldest brother Christopher Whitton Panton; who was shot down and killed on a bombing raid over Nuremberg on 30/31 March 1944.
For a short time after the war there was interest from the brothers to visit Christopher's grave in Germany, but their father denied them the chance as he wanted 'nothing more to do with the war'. Until, in the 1970's Mr Panton called Fred over and told him to 'get off to Germany and bring me a photograph of Chrisy's grave' which of course Fred did as soon as he could. This reignited Fred's interest in the War and when Avro Lancaster NX611 came up for sale it was eventually purchased by the brothers and brought to their land at East Kirkby. Even though they had planned to keep it only for their private collection it was suggested that they should make it into an exhibit for the public and this Museum was set up with the Lancaster and Control Tower as its centre pieces.
The Lincolnshire Aviation Heritage Centre was then opened in 1988 and has hosted visits from many veterans, their families as well as many famous people both from the aviation and show-biz worlds. We are all extremely proud of the accomplishments of the Centre, one of the biggest independent museums receiving no funding or Lottery grants. We can only hope that we will be able to continue to educate the following generations to the sacrifices and roles of Bomber Command.
Get ready for a great day out!
Step back in time to a WW2 Bomber Command airfield and experience some of the greatest planes in history. The Centre is a living and breathing history experience with the sights and sounds of a wartime airfield and a running Lancaster and Mosquito.
The Centre offers the opportunity for an immersive experience as well as a time for quiet contemplation.


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Площадь Свободы () — площадь в Будапеште, на левом берегу Дуная. Расположена в районе Липотварош в V районе Будапешта к юго-востоку от здания венгерского парламента.

Описание
Одна из крупнейших по размеру площадей Будапешта вытянута в направлении север-юг и окружена роскошными особняками. В архитектурном плане среди них выделяются здания Венгерской радиотелевизионной компании, посольства США и Национального банка. Здания радиотелевизионной компании (бывшая старая Биржа) и Национального банка находятся на противоположных сторонах площади. Они построены по проекту известного венгерского архитектора и скульптора Игнаца Альпара в ходе реконструкции площади в 1905 году. Здание посольства США построено в 1901 году, его фасад украшен в стиле Сецессион.

Центральная часть площади представляет собой сквер с фонтанами, здесь установлен монумент воинам Советской Армии, павшим во время взятия Будапешта.

История
Площадь была образована в 1886 году после сноса гигантского комплекса казарм Нойгебойде, занимавших значительную часть Липотвароша. В XIX веке австрийские власти использовали казармы в качестве тюрьмы, именно здесь был казнен граф Лайош Баттьяни, участник венгерского восстания 1848 года. С 1926 года на углу улиц Батори и Холд горит вечный огонь в память о жертвах венгерской революции.

В нумизматике
1 августа 2016 года Центральным банком России была выпущена пятирублёвая монета из серии «Города—столицы государств, освобожденные советскими войсками от немецко-фашистских захватчиков», посвящённая Будапешту, на реверсе которой изображён памятник советским воинам-освободителям на площади Свободы в Будапеште. Количество экземпляров — два миллиона.

Примечания

Литература
 Венгрия. Издательство «Вокруг света», 2009 ISBN 978-5-98652-226-5

Своб


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package com.project.dao;

import com.project.model.RandomDataGenerationModel;
import com.project.model.UserProfile;
import com.project.model.UserProfileType;
import com.project.model.Vacancy;

import org.hibernate.Criteria;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Criterion;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Disjunction;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Restrictions;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

@Repository("randomDataGenerationModelDao")
public class RandomDataGenerationModelDaoImpl extends AbstractDao<Integer, RandomDataGenerationModel>
        implements DaoInterface<RandomDataGenerationModel> {
    @Override
    public RandomDataGenerationModel findByIdOrdinalNumber(int id, int ordinalNumber) {
        return getByKey(id, -1);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Override
    public List<RandomDataGenerationModel> findAll() {
        Criteria criteria = createEntityCriteria();
        criteria.setResultTransformer(Criteria.DISTINCT_ROOT_ENTITY);
        return criteria.list();
    }

    @Override
    public void save(RandomDataGenerationModel randomDataGenerationModel) {
        getSession().save(randomDataGenerationModel);
    }

    @Override
    public void delete(Integer id, Integer ordinalNumber) {
        Criteria crit = createEntityCriteria();
        crit.add(Restrictions.eq("id", id));
        RandomDataGenerationModel randomDataGenerationModel = (RandomDataGenerationModel) crit.uniqueResult();
        delete(randomDataGenerationModel);
    }

    @Override
    public List<RandomDataGenerationModel> search(RandomDataGenerationModel object) {
        Criteria criteria = createEntityCriteria();
        Disjunction disjunction =Restrictions.disjunction();
        criteria.createCriteria("user","userAlias");
        if (object.getUser() != null && object.getUser().getUserProfiles() != null && object.getUser().getUserProfiles().size() > 0){
            criteria.createCriteria("userAlias.userProfiles","userProfilesAlias");
            for (UserProfile userProfile : object.getUser().getUserProfiles()) {
                  Criterion criterion = Restrictions.eq("userProfilesAlias.type", userProfile.getType());
                  disjunction.add(Restrictions.eq("userProfilesAlias.type", userProfile.getType()));
            }
            criteria.add(disjunction);
        } else if (object.getUser().getSsoId() != null && !object.getUser().getSsoId().isEmpty()){
            criteria.add(Restrictions.eq("userAlias.ssoId", object.getUser().getSsoId()));
        }
        criteria.setResultTransformer(Criteria.DISTINCT_ROOT_ENTITY);
        return criteria.list();
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Regain a more alert and youthful look.
Freshen your face and soften your appearance with a Brow Lift. Over time, the muscles on the face start to weaken and it is common for the eyebrows to start to droop. A Brow Lift procedure is a subtle lifting of the skin of the forehead to give a more youthful appearance by correcting sagging eyebrows and loose skin.
If you have low, sagging eyebrows, frown lines or furrowed lines between the eyebrows, or deep horizontal creases across the forehead, you can achieve a more refreshed look with a Brow Lift. Also, this procedure can have positive results for younger adults who have a low brow or deep frown lines due to stress or over-activity of upper facial muscles.
The operation generally takes 1-2 hours. It involves an incision behind the hairline. The surgeon will remove some of the muscles and tissue beneath the skin to create a smoother and younger looking forehead. When the incision is closed, it is done so horizontally to give additional lift to the brow. Most patients gain a feeling of increased self-confidence and get a restored, youthful and refreshed look to the area above the eyes.


text:
The memory remains: MMC '97 fast-forward
I may not have gone where I intended to go, but I think I have ended up where I needed to be.
– Douglas Adams
It was just another among many Novembers for the Head of department of Anatomy at Mysore Medical College. However, it was a special moment for the close to hundred eager minds assembled amidst the dust and echoes in the biochemistry hall. It was here on that November in 1997 that I heard the first ever words of a doctor while I was not ill. It was first day of medical training for nearly a hundred of the 1997 batch at Mysore Medical College.
We were quite a motley crew – Karnataka itself well represented from Bidar to Coorg, and the usual smattering of PM/PD candidates, mostly from the hindi-speaking belt. Beside me was a lean boy from Andhra who is now a surgeon and on the way revolutionized Mad-ads and cartoons in the college, and on the other side was an eccentric looking 'localite', today a psychiatrist in UK. Discussing CET ranks was quite a pre-occupation on the first few days – as if all our lives, these ranks would be the defining moments! It felt quite like the end of a struggle (for the medical seat), and we felt like winners. Little did we know the struggle for the seat was only a trailer for the action-packed movie awaiting us!
As I sit today trying to retrace this new path, I took 13 years ago; I am reminded of all the things apart from medicine, that MMC taught me. There
The surgeon and the psychiatrist among the other crazy guys that made this team
was the magazine of the batch, Doctales we called it, which did not see more than 4 issues; yet, we learnt what it is to edit articles. There was the music band, Bandwith 85, as we called it with the origins of its name shrouded in mystery. The department Q, which a few of us started for late evening quizzing and other pre-occupations had little to do with medicine. There was INFEST, a mega cultural event that drew support from many batches of students and the staff alike. I saw three of these while I was in (and later near) MMC. Loke's tea and the discussions around him should have made him a wise man. The waterless pond and the unrepresentative sample of MMC'ians, which it drew, were a constant inspiration for hanging around the reading room. And of course the new auditorium, the gift of the alumni, thanks to which we never did have to go crawling for permission to Kalamandira.
The wonderful hostel with the Late Mare Gowda and the cobbler and the innumerable idiosyncrasies that surround each member of the hostel kitchen; the wonderful movies we watched and the arguments about life, universe and everything on the stone bench; the prefectship which signified a system or the lack thereof; and inter-batch politics – these were early preparations for the real world. I cherish all the memories of the hostel, which were indeed life skills education that no medical school could have given! The long hours of group study in 137, the eccentricities in 91 and the wall art in 122. Each room seemed to acquire a history of its predecessor as well as the character of the occupant.
Yes, I learnt medicine too. I remember the pride in showing off knowledge of ossification dates and trivia about eponymous syndromes; my pride only to be dashed by RJ Last, who asked the reader never to judge the medical competence of a man who can reproduce these eloquently for they were akin to logarithmic values that could be looked up whenever necessary. Yes, I learnt case taking and diagnostic skills as a means to an end; an end of passing examinations. Soon to discover during internship how the best of diagnostic skills would not help me connect to an injured 60-year-old farmer from Bandipur mauled by an elephant and his crop lying in a heap of waste. It would not help me communicate death to the daughter or birth to the mother. These, I had to learn by myself as most of my colleagues did. Often did I seek the Corrigan's door (as described in that red-green-yellow companion of all interns).
Some wall grafitti from Room 122
There was plenty of opportunity to learn all of these when I went off to work in BR Hills. The real thing – where there is no 'respondeat superior' to fall back upon! My quest for challenging settings to work took me to Arunachal Pradesh where I helped train PHC health workers in difficult settings. I saw new health problems that were very easy to diagnose but complex to treat – poverty, illiteracy and such. My later work as a medical officer in primary health centres showed me how difficult it is to work and survive in some of these settings and that explained why only a handful of us chose to work in these settings.
The journey that began on that November in 1997 with the best batch in MMC (that is what each batch says about itself!) continues today. Indeed, it is much more for the rich diversity of experiences with my batchmates and hostelmates at MMC that I remember and thank the college for. It is after all these life skills that make my journey enjoyable to this day.
Today, I work on trying to understand and solve a paradox. It is the paradox of inequity; that in a country with nuclear power we have anaemic mothers. Is it then enough to blame it on illiteracy? Is it not the responsibility of a just society to organize such services for its people? Among many determinants of this paradox is poor district health management. A complex issue that contributes to the poor performance of health services in several places in India, and the topic of research for my PhD.
As I sit back, I know that my collective experience at MMC and the hostel was very important in my life. I wonder about my batchmates and the young minds who are right now going through the experience.
Published October 24, 2010 By daktre
Categorized as Public Health Tagged hostel, medical education, mmc, mysore, mysore medical college, nostalgia
Urvakhsh says:
Nice one NS… Brought back a lot of memories which I'm sure are never going to fade away.. Kepp going!!
Good piece. Took me back to my days at BMC. Btw who sang that song…damned if u do, damned if u don't. my memory has faded. forgotten names but the songs remain……….Deadhead these days:):)
G Venkatesh Babu says:
as always nice one NS. brought back loot of beautiful memories. how about we all meeting once.
NS Prashanth says:
Hey Venky! 🙂 Nice to hear from you. Yes, when to meet? Who will organise it? Where? I had earlier proposed that we can all meet at this new eco-tourism place in BR Hills. But, how to freeze the dates for everybody?
Canned corn at Google's cost
Switching the poles – the ITM way


Whether a resume should go beyond one page in length has always been a widely controversial topic. Those who believe that resumes should always be a single page generally claim that hiring managers lose patience when reading through unnecessarily long resumes. On the other hand, proponents of longer resumes argue that they have more space to detail a candidate's work experiences and accomplishments.
Despite the common arguments given on the matter, there is little to no empirical data to support either side. In fact, so-called "experts" often base their conclusions on individual preferences and unsubstantiated claims from random sources. Furthermore, recruitment methods and the hiring landscape are constantly evolving, so what may have been true in the past may no longer be the case today.
As a professional resume writing service, ResumeGo wanted to discover the optimal length for a resume. From October 15 to November 2, they conducted a study involving a total of 482 professionals, all of whom had direct experience with employee recruitment and were either recruiters, hiring managers, human resources professionals, or C-Suite level executives. These participants were put through a hiring simulation in which they were asked to screen resumes for a multitude of job positions.
1.4 times as likely to prefer two-page resumes over one-page resumes when it came to entry-level job openings.
2.6 times as likely to prefer two-page resumes over one-page resumes when it came to mid-level job openings.
2.9 times as likely to prefer two-page resumes over one-page resumes when it came managerial-level job openings.
The findings that pertained to entry-level jobs were particularly surprising. While the overwhelming majority of career experts argue that a two-page resume should never be used unless a job seeker has many years of full-time work experience at multiple companies, our results contradict this piece of conventional wisdom. Study participants were clearly impressed by the sheer amount of information that can be conveyed on two-page resumes, as our one-page and two-page resumes were designed to showcase similar levels of work experience, academic achievement, and overall credentials.
These results indicate that the extra information contained on two-page resumes helped participants in their decision-making and cast a positive light on the job candidates – even when it came to entry-level job openings, though to a lesser degree.
Not only did two-page resumes score higher than one-page resumes, recruiters were also willing to spend more time reading them. Participants were informed prior to the hiring simulation that their responses would be timed, and that they should screen resumes during the simulation in the same way they do in real-world hiring scenarios. Despite preconceived notions that recruiters are unwilling to spend more than a few seconds reviewing each resume, our study found that participants were spending 2 minutes 24 seconds on one-page resumes and 4 minutes 5 seconds on two-page resumes.
These results show that recruiters do indeed spend more time reviewing lengthier resumes instead of simply skimming over the content, which might help explain why two-page resumes are usually preferred over one-page resumes.
Participants of this study were put through a hiring simulation in which they were presented with a set of resumes to review for a variety of job positions across different industries. Both the resumes and the job descriptions used in the simulation were based on actual job candidates and job openings in the real world. After reading through the applicable resumes, participants were asked to select the ones they felt would be the best fit for the job opening in question.
The number of resumes paired with each job opening varied, and the number of resumes participants were asked to select for each job opening varied as well. For example, in one scenario presented within the simulation, participants were asked to review six resumes from imaginary candidates for a given job opening and were expected to choose two of them to potentially hire.
To ensure that both one-page and two-page resumes were equally represented, half of the resumes used in the simulation were one page in length, and the other half of the resumes were two pages in length. In particular, each one-page resume had a two-page counterpart representing a candidate with similar work experiences, academic achievements, and skills. All the resumes were printed on 8.5" x 11" pieces of paper. One-page resumes varied in length from 350 to 500 words while two-page resumes varied in length from 700 to 850 words.
Contrary to the common belief that resumes should be no more than one page in length, the results of the study suggest that recruiters actually prefer two-page resumes over one-page resumes on average. It's possible that this preference is unbeknownst to the recruiters themselves, who may be unaware of their own tendency of favoring longer resumes. While this study is only a simulation intended to replicate how recruiters behave in real-world hiring scenarios, its results give us a far better understanding of how resume length may impact hiring decisions.


Deans have just installed a beautiful new traditional awning at Arbina restaurant in Fitzrovia. The hard wood awning box is painted to match a tasteful grey fabric colour which has been decorated by us in a fun graphic style with the Arbina logo and the restaurant motto "Taste of Spain". Our hard wood timbers come only from properly harvested sources and the paints we used are water based for minimum environmental impact.
Arbina was established in 2015, in the up market area of Fitzrovia, on Whitefield Street. They serve authentic and original Spanish food in a delightful, inviting setting.
Professional and friendly staff make you feel welcome and the varied and interesting menu will excite lovers of Spanish style cooking. For the true taste of Spain it has to be Arbina.
Fitzrovia is in central London, close to London's West End and lies mainly in the City of Westminster but also in the London Borough of Camden. It is situated between Bloomsbury and Marylebone. The area is characterised by its varied buildings which are a mix of residential, business, retail, education and healthcare. Once a bohemian area was home to famous writers such as Virginia Woolf, George Bernard Shaw and Arthur Rimbaud.


On July 31, Academic Affairs hosted its first Years of Service Recognition for Academic Affairs staff who have served the University for the past five or ten years. These employees have contributed to the fabric of San Francisco State University. Together with our University leadership and faculty, we advance top-quality teaching and learning that transforms the lives of our students and uplifts our city, region and state. We could not achieve our mission without our employee contributions every day. Whether they help by providing a safe clean space, giving important instructions, supporting processes or performing any of the other critical efforts that make things happen, our staff contributions power the university.


Bless his sweet heart…..and her daughter, Tori, didn't fall far from the tree.
Now I belong to Twitter….or am a member…or whatever it is I'm supposed to say that means one time a long time ago I joined. But that doesn't mean I know what I am doing when I get there. For example, I wanted to congratulate my young-in and give her a great big hug for excelling at school….so I labored for a long time trying to get the message to sweet Madi Rose. Before I have a nervous breakdown, would you please deliver this love note to her? This does not surprise me one little bit! Thank you….send me a bill for the postage, please.
Wouldn't it be a hoot for your Mom to guest on the Homecoming Radio Show. She would crack up everyone. So glad she still has good conversations. My 92 yr old aunt doesn't say much & sure couldn't make Mark Lowrey laugh. Just a thought…….
Whoops, Mark Lowry. This laptop makes mistakes, sure glad I don't.
Sweet tea, cookies, laughter with friends,…doesn't get any better!
Glad she (and he) can still laugh.


text:
Last login: Wed Jan  6 17:16:07 on ttys000
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~]% ls                          [92]
Applications/      Dropbox/           Music/             Testfolder/
Desktop/           Edgar/             Pictures/          hs_err_pid445.log
Documents/         Library/           Poe/               mobydick.txt
Downloads/         Movies/            Public/            zsh_dotfiles.tar
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~]% cd Pictures                 [93]
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Pictures]% cd Digital\ Media  [94]
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Pictures/Digital Media]% cd course
cd: no such file or directory: course
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Pictures/Digital Media]% ls   [96]
Algorithmic-Nature/ Fibonacci/          Random/
Data Structure/     Input:output/       Terminal/
Data_and_files/     Poe/                text-IO/
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Pictures/Digital Media]% md Data_and_files
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Pictures/Digital Media]% ls   [98]
Algorithmic-Nature/ Fibonacci/          Random/
Data Structure/     Input:output/       Terminal/
Data_and_files/     Poe/                text-IO/
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Pictures/Digital Media]% cd Data_and_files
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: Pictures/Digital Media/Data_and_files]% ls                                                                     [100]
Dictornairy_Room.pv      format_room.py           my_data_file_room.pyc
List_vakken.pv           format_spotify.py        my_data_file_spotify.py
Spotify.pv               my_data_file.py
format.py                my_data_file_room.py
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: Pictures/Digital Media/Data_and_files]% cd -                                                                   [101]
~/Pictures/Digital Media
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Pictures/Digital Media]% cd -
~/Pictures/Digital Media/Data_and_files
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: Pictures/Digital Media/Data_and_files]% ls                                                                     [102]
Dictornairy_Room.pv      format_room.py           my_data_file_room.pyc
List_vakken.pv           format_spotify.py        my_data_file_spotify.py
Spotify.pv               my_data_file.py
format.py                my_data_file_room.py
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: Pictures/Digital Media/Data_and_files]% cd +2                                                                  [103]
~/Pictures
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Pictures]% ls                [104]
923379_10202007131682356_438061212_n_1024.jpg
Digital Media/
Foto's-bibliotheek.photoslibrary/
Haruki Murakami.indd
Photo Booth-bibliotheek/
Robin.indd
Robin.jpg
Robin.pdf
Robin.psd
Schermafbeeldingen/
Skull 3.jpg
iChat Icons@
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Pictures]% cd -              [105]
~/Pictures/Digital Media/Data_and_files
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: Pictures/Digital Media/Data_and_files]% ls                                                                     [106]
Dictornairy_Room.pv      format_room.py           my_data_file_room.pyc
List_vakken.pv           format_spotify.py        my_data_file_spotify.py
Spotify.pv               my_data_file.py
format.py                my_data_file_room.py
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: Pictures/Digital Media/Data_and_files]% cd +3                                                                  [107]
~
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~]% ls                         [108]
Applications/      Dropbox/           Music/             Testfolder/
Desktop/           Edgar/             Pictures/          hs_err_pid445.log
Documents/         Library/           Poe/               mobydick.txt
Downloads/         Movies/            Public/            zsh_dotfiles.tar
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~]% cd Downloads               [109]
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads]% ls               [110]
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Skype_7.11.653.dmg
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iron-maiden/
jdk-8u25-macosx-x64.dmg
jre-8u25-macosx-x64.dmg
kerstmenu 2015.pdf
l_rijstpapier-lamp-60cm.jpg
lists.pv
metal-arhythmetic/
metal-lord/
metal-mania/
nexa/
presentatie afdeling.pdf
sep.jpg
squealer/
stramien/
tickets_11381483.pdf
timelaps presentatie nieuwe VASIM logo.mp4
vol1.txt
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zsh_testfiles-3.tar
zsh_testfiles.tar
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads]% zsh_testfiles.tar
zsh: command not found: zsh_testfiles.tar
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads]% cd zsh_testfiles.tar
cd: not a directory: zsh_testfiles.tar
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads]% tar -xzf zsh_testfiles.tar
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads]% ls               [114]
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140124_examencommissie%20brochure%20DIGITALE%20VERSIE.pdf
1518545_H-HP-SPEAK-15_Jeanine van Berkel.pdf
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28_2015_827-2.pdf
28_2015_827.pdf
2A_Leesvragen.pdf
2A_TussentijdseBeoordelingen.pdf
371545_46468424_20141030_092955.pdf
3a3581d1512c61db045f6bfbdf21405d.mp4
3sec.gallery-compress-pdf.pdf
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63-article-2011.pdf
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A%20Different%20City%20for%20a%20Different%20Life%20%28Excerpt%29.pdf
ACFrOgCDbUdOaHt3UZXEC-94xuKXcNPmaY48nbVGZ6jE0fnTsyI46Uz4PkGxnvjdyVBicDCfpUGxx2es77cDtTSIxcBCtuAp0tUet6yMvUWyq4YqXyV1L1ekKA5Pyas=.pdf
AFLVS.pdf
Aanmeldingsformulier Blikopeners 2015-2016.docx
AdBlock-2.safariextz
AdBlock.safariextz
AdobeFlashPlayerInstaller_15_ltrosxd_aaa_aih.dmg
AdobeFlashPlayerInstaller_16_ltrosxd_aaa_aih.dmg
AdobeFlashPlayer_17_a_install.dmg
AdobeFlashPlayer_17_ta_install-2.dmg
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AdobeReader_dc_en_a_install-2.dmg
AdobeReader_dc_en_a_install.dmg
Analogie_DeKernVanOnsDenken_Hofstadter_278-288.pdf
Arnhem-creatieven%20v2.pdf
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Artez-assignment-6.pdf
Assignment for next week 25th of November.pdf
Atom.app/
BA eindwerkstuk Denise Boon-2.pdf
BA eindwerkstuk Denise Boon.pdf
BTH-18november2015van1000-1030uur.pdf
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Barthes_Dedoodvandeauteur.pdf
Basisopdracht 15 frans.docx
Belangrijke punten.docx
Blok 3.pdf
Boek_08.pdf
Books_2010_2019_071-2014-1_8.pdf
Brief_ArtEZ. new.pdf
CCF13072014.pdf
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CCMacSetup107-3.dmg
CCMacSetup107.dmg
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ContentServer.asp-2.pdf
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Debat OV-Studentenkaart-2.docx
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Debat deelow 'plofklas' (NE).docx
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DropboxInstaller-2.dmg
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Dubiel_2.ttf
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Escuchame_Beamer_Part1.pptx
Eticket-QB3875-253773-1.pdf
Eticket-RF0273-251693-2.pdf
Eticket-UB0694-276635-2.pdf
FastestFreeYouTubeDownloader-Setup-2.dmg
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IN026970-2.pdf
IN026970.pdf
INSTITUT.TTF
Igor Ilanga sollicitatiebrief-2.docx
Igor Ilanga sollicitatiebrief.docx
Info ArtEZ collegekaart en cultuurpas.pdf
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Install Spotify.app/
Jaar%201%20Opdracht%202.pdf
January%205%20Tussentijdsbeoordeling%201A.docx
Jay%20Bolter%20%3a%20David%20Grusin%2c%20Remediation%20Chapter%201.pdf
Jeanine van Berkel tekening05092015.pdf
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Latour, Bruno-2.pdf
Latour, Bruno.pdf
Links/
Mailing studiebeperking NL 2014.pdf
Marlboro.ttf*
Mcluhan%20Understanding%20Media%20Ch.%201.pdf
NL%20info%20Zittende%20studenten%20voor%20ArtEZ%20collegekaart%20en%20cultuurpas%20.cl.pdf
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NOS Journaal intro.mp3
NR1_DESIGNRESEARCH.pdf
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NS Omroep (3x)_ station Schiphol Airport.mp3
NS Omroep_ Intercity Berlijn (automatisch)!.mp3
NS Omroep_ Intercity Roosendaal rijdt niet..mp3
NS Omroep_ Intercity Schiphol rijdt niet.mp3
NS Omroep_ Sprinter Rhenen-2.mp3
NS Omroep_ Sprinter Rhenen.mp3
NS Omroep_ Sprinter naar Roosendaal.mp3
NS Omroep_ Stoptrein Antwerpen-Centraal.mp3
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Peter Sonderen, Of Research, Passion and Art 2015.pdf
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Routebeschrijving De Kromhouthal.docx
SSDetroit applications.xlsx
Schooler et al (1993) - Thoughts Beyond Words.pdf
Skype_7.11.653.dmg
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Sublime Text 2.0.2.dmg.download/
Surfaces and Essences_Analogy as the Fuel and Fire of Thinking (2013).pdf
TEXT 1 Jan Svenungsson - The writing artist.pdf
TEXT 2 Mike Kelly -Playing with dead things on the uncanny.pdf
TW_M8QAHYW7L_5827345.pdf
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The list of passengers.xlsx
UitnodigingExamenPersonenautotheorie15854169.pdf
Voorwerp_02.pdf
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WhatsApp Chat_ Sarah van der Pool-2.txt
WhatsApp Chat_ Sarah van der Pool.txt
WickedWorldEthicsDesign_online.pdf
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assignment_text-io.pdf
audacity-macosx-ub-2.1.1.dmg
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benoeming-gevoelens_categorieen-2.pdf
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debat reader-2.docx
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iron-maiden/
jdk-8u25-macosx-x64.dmg
jre-8u25-macosx-x64.dmg
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metal-arhythmetic/
metal-lord/
metal-mania/
nexa/
presentatie afdeling.pdf
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zsh_testfiles-3.tar
zsh_testfiles.tar
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads]% cd testfiles     [115]
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads/testfiles]% ls     [116]
april.txt      friday.txt     march.txt      october.txt    thursday.txt
august.txt     january.txt    may.txt        saturday.txt   tuesday.txt
december.txt   july.txt       monday.txt     september.txt  wednesday.txt
february.txt   june.txt       november.txt   sunday.txt
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads/testfiles]% mkdir Days
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads/testfiles]% mv *day.text Days
mv: rename *day.text to Days/*day.text: No such file or directory
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads/testfiles]% ls     [119]
Days/          february.txt   june.txt       november.txt   sunday.txt
april.txt      friday.txt     march.txt      october.txt    thursday.txt
august.txt     january.txt    may.txt        saturday.txt   tuesday.txt
december.txt   july.txt       monday.txt     september.txt  wednesday.txt
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads/testfiles]% md Days
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads/testfiles]% ls     [121]
Days/          february.txt   june.txt       november.txt   sunday.txt
april.txt      friday.txt     march.txt      october.txt    thursday.txt
august.txt     january.txt    may.txt        saturday.txt   tuesday.txt
december.txt   july.txt       monday.txt     september.txt  wednesday.txt
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads/testfiles]% cd Days
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: Downloads/testfiles/Days]% ls  [123]
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: Downloads/testfiles/Days]% cd -
~/Downloads/testfiles
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads/testfiles]% ls     [125]
Days/          february.txt   june.txt       november.txt   sunday.txt
april.txt      friday.txt     march.txt      october.txt    thursday.txt
august.txt     january.txt    may.txt        saturday.txt   tuesday.txt
december.txt   july.txt       monday.txt     september.txt  wednesday.txt
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads/testfiles]% mkdir Months
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads/testfiles]% ls     [127]
Days/          february.txt   march.txt      saturday.txt   wednesday.txt
Months/        friday.txt     may.txt        september.txt
april.txt      january.txt    monday.txt     sunday.txt
august.txt     july.txt       november.txt   thursday.txt
december.txt   june.txt       october.txt    tuesday.txt
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads/testfiles]% mv *day.txt Days
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads/testfiles]% ls     [129]
Days/          august.txt     january.txt    march.txt      october.txt
Months/        december.txt   july.txt       may.txt        september.txt
april.txt      february.txt   june.txt       november.txt
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads/testfiles]% mv. *.txt Months
zsh: correct mv. to mv ? ([Y]es/[N]o/[E]dit/[A]bort) n
zsh: command not found: mv.
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads/testfiles]% mv. *.txt Months
zsh: correct mv. to mv ? ([Y]es/[N]o/[E]dit/[A]bort) y
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads/testfiles]% ls     [132]
Days/   Months/
[jeaninevanberkel@MacBook-Air-van-Jeanine: ~/Downloads/testfiles]%        [133]


Here are Guidelines for Posting Vehicles For Sale.
Not Following these rules will result in your receiving a warning to fix your post, If not done in a timely manner the post will be deleted, If you repost an incorrect add you will be Banned from posting in the classifieds for 14 days.
Use The Following Template Please, This way it will stop alot of confusion and questions.
This allows for moderators to easily clean up our classifieds sections. Thanks!


text:
More solar module encapsulation with PVB film
PVB is increasingly assuming the leading role among alternative encapsulation materials for solar cells as the alternatives to Ethylene-Vinyl-Acetate (EVA)
Reliable and long-term protection of solar cells from external influences is a must for solar modules. This is where transparent plastic encapsulation materials make a crucial contribution to the durability of photovoltaic modules and to the long-term generation of electricity from sunlight.
This article explains in broad terms which plastics are suitable and why. Special attention is focused on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), a plastic best-known so far for its use as the interlayer in laminated safety glass. The first manufacturer worldwide to develop a special PVB film for use in solar modules – the TROSIFOL brand – was Kuraray Europe GmbH.
Solar modules using TROSIFOL PVB films have been successfully undergoing outdoor weathering tests on the module test rigs of the Berlin Photovoltaic Institute and the Fraunhofer ISE Institute in Freiburg since the beginning of the Eighties.
Kuraray is currently working on the market launch of a second generation of films which is designed for all conventional photovoltaic module production processes and will extend the uses of the current range of films to include special applications.
By Dr. Bernhard Koll
EVA as a cell encapsulation material
Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) is still the market leader and standard encapsulation material for solar cells. EVA's widespread use is explained by its processing properties as a cross-linking rubber-elastic material in vacuum laminators and its adapted technical product features.
For a long time there have been no alternatives on the horizon, as finished modules produced since the Nineties have a service life of at least 20 years and all series products have to be certified. It is therefore difficult for other plastics to gain a foothold on the market if the points in their favour are rarely measurable.
Requirement profile for encapsulation materials
To ensure module durability and long-term power generation, cell encapsulation materials have to display certain important features, e.g.
- Mechanical protection of the cell
- Protection from weathering
- Electrical insulation
- External impact resistance
- Barrier to oxygen and water vapour
- Prevention of cell corrosion
- Adapted adhesion to other module components (glass, cell, backing film, contacts etc.)
- High transparency and high UV protection (to prevent degradation of the plastic)
There are few plastics that display all of these properties reliably in practice. Classical solar modules using crystalline Si wafers were joined almost a decade ago by thin-film PV modules on which the semiconductor is applied directly to (rigid) substrates – preferably glass in this case – and then mostly sealed at the rear with another ply of glass or alternatively with a multiple-ply barrier plastic (see Figures 2 and 3).
Because of the way the cell is applied to the glass (high-vacuum deposition at temperatures up to 630°C), few materials are suitable as substrates for thin-film modules, although flexible substrates made of copper or stainless steel are possible as well as glass.
Overview of possible cell encapsulation materials
Table 1 gives an overview of the encapsulation products industrially used today. A distinction is made between elastomer cross-linking and thermoplastic materials.
The elastomer cross-linking products include the most frequently used EVA, TPU and acrylate encapsulation resins, and two-component silicones that cross-link on exposure to heat and/or UV light to form a rubber-elastic material and thus firmly embed the solar cell.
These contrast with thermoplastic products that melt without cross-linking on exposure to heat, thus retaining their original chemical composition. These include above all polyvinyl butyral, the most important encapsulation alternative, particularly for thin-film solar modules. All the other products such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ionoplastics, modified polyolefins and the above-mentioned elastomers are currently of only secondary importance.
Polyvinyl butyral (PVB)
The plastic polyvinyl butyral (PVB) has been in use as the interlayer for laminated safety glass since the Forties of the last century. Its main applications are in windscreens in vehicles and safety glazing in architectural applications, e.g. modern glass façades.
Since 2005, efforts have been afoot in the PV module industry and the glass industry to replace existing encapsulants with PVB film in double-glazing elements with integrated solar cells in order to significantly enhance the standard of safety of laminated module glass in Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV).
Furthermore, thin-film solar modules consisting of two plies of glass sandwiching a PVB interlayer can be inexpensively manufactured with the lamination process successfully used for the production of laminated safety glass.
In view of the already evident and fast-growing demand for thin-film solar modules – forecasts anticipate 40 per cent of total module output by 2020 – the use of PVB film will continue to grow accordingly with a considerable expansion of its market share.
TPU, silicones and other encapsulation materials
The reasons for the low market shares of other plastics are lack of experience with the products of the solar industry, their in some cases inadequate technical properties and their excessively high cost. It is also essential that such products perform impeccably in the solar module for 20-25 years, which is only possible if they comply with the relevant electrical standards (electrical function tests conforming to IEC).
As a result of pressure from manufacturers on the system costs of modules, more expensive products such as TPU and ionoplastics usually drop out of the running. New plastics have to overcome high technical and commercial barriers if they are to gain recognition and pull through as encapsulation materials for solar cells.
Processes for the encapsulation of solar cells
The single-opening vacuum laminator has been the preferred production method for the encapsulation of solar cells for several decades now. For cross-linking plastics, it permits rapid throughput and high production efficiency. For other products, such as thermoplastics, the process has to be adapted, the higher melting temperatures of thermoplastics may result in a slightly longer lamination process.
The development and availability of so-called multi-opening or stack laminators have accelerated module throughput at the encapsulation stage and cut the cost of module production considerably. These laminators have made significantly larger and fully automated module production plants possible, thus reducing production costs significantly.
This process technology is also of benefit to thermoplastic encapsulation materials such as PVB film and others, as the much accelerated throughput lowers costs substantially.
At the same time, thin-film solar modules can also be produced in a single cycle in a roll laminator with subsequent autoclaving. This method has been successfully employed for decades for the production of laminated safety glass with PVB films and is at least as efficient as the vacuum laminator (Table 2).
Module applications and their effect on materials
Solar modules are usually preferably installed either on roofs or on open ground as photovoltaic power plants. These two forms of installation account for the lion's share of commercially installed solar modules. In addition, there is also the possibility of integrating solar cells in buildings (BIPV) – for instance, on facades or in solar glass roof elements. Even if the market for this is still small today, a big future has been forecasted for BIPV.
The current market share is less than 1 per cent of installed modules because the systems are still very cost-intensive and building wiring systems are still underdeveloped and lack standardization. A fine example of BIPV is New York's Stillwell Avenue subway station, the world's biggest rapid transit terminal with the world's biggest building-integrated photovoltaic system – using thin-film solar modules containing TROSIFOL PVB films.
In Europe in particular, building-integrated photovoltaic installations are subject to the same high safety standards as all other glazing on façades or in overhead applications. In Germany, in the official technical specifications for building materials, laminated safety glass with an interlayer of PVB film is stipulated for overhead glazing. If these elements are replaced with solar modules, the same standards apply.
This means that EVA and other plastics in PV modules in such applications can only be used after an elaborate process to obtain permission. For Building-Integrated Photovoltaics, experts are forecasting a sharp rise in commercial applications in the next ten years.
Until just a few years ago, photovoltaics was confined to classical applications such as systems installed on roofs and power plant configurations, and preference was given to modules containing crystalline cells. EVA was the No. 1 choice as the encapsulation material.
Recent years have seen the extension of the range of cells and modules to include thin-film alternatives, new and improved processes for the production of modules, and new applications such as Building-Integrated Photovoltaics. Encapsulation materials for solar cells will adapt to these new conditions. A very important alternative is TROSIFOL SOLAR PVB.
Kuraray Europe GmbH, Division TROSIFOL,
Mülheimer Strasse 26, 53840 Troisdorf, Germany
Phone +49 (0) 22 41 / 2555-202
Fax +49 (0) 22 41 / 2555-299
E-Mail trosifol@kuraray.eu
More solar module encapsulation with PVB film glassonweb.com
See more articles about
BIPV EVA Interlayer Germany Glass Facades Kuraray Laminated Glass Photovoltaic Glass PVB Solar Cells
Best Practices in Australia, Hong Kong, Japan and the Philippines.
The Benefits of Designing with Reflective Glass | Vitro Architectural Glass
When designing with glass, there are a wide range of options to choose from to create a truly unique project.
Compatibility tests on laminated glass panes with the other material
The compatibility of two or more materials consists in their capacity to co-exist in juxtaposition for an indeterminate period of time without manifesting signs of detachment (delamination), discoloration or alterations produced by chemical interactions.
The construction typology of the curtain wall arose with Joseph Paxton's Crystal Palace and accelerated in the 20th century.
Along with the multifunctionality of the building skin, BIPV today involves a new aesthetics in contemporary architecture.
Zaryadye Park, Glass Grid Shell Roof
This paper will describe the design, detailing, testing and construction of structural glass beams as part of load bearing grid shell structure in the newly built Zaryadye Park in Moscow, Russia.
EVERLAM N.V.
Blokhuisstraat 47J
North American Contractor Certification (NACC)
PO Box 730; 205 W. Main St.
40 Corniche El-Nil,
Al Sharafain Tower Maadi,
Ctra. Estación Km. 15.8
44415 Rubielos de Mora Teruel
Industrijska zona R.Z. R29
51223 Kukuljanovo
Ottergemsesteenweg 707-Zuid
9000 Ghent
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In the two days since the Ravens' 35-7 victory over the Steelers (never get tired of typing that), I've heard several talking head and sports talk radio caller types droning on about how the Ravens were somehow "piling on" or "disrespecting" Pittsburgh when Sam Koch ran the ball in for two after B'More went up 27-7 early in the third quarter.
Give me a break, Hiney. I know his feelings were probably just as hurt as the rest of his body was after the game, but that's just some sour grapes whining right there.
Not only that, but that line of thinking is patently WRONG.
Far from being a sign of disrespect from the Ravens, the decision to exploit the Pittsburgh special teams in that situation was much more a show of RESPECT to them. Respect to the abilities of both their vaunted defense and their star quarterback to bring them back.
Did Hines and the rest of the "disrespect" card-playing crowd already forget what happened the last time the Ravens and Steelers met?
Just like this time around, the Ravens had 21 points at the half and the Steelers had 7. And then after four quarters, the Steelers had 31, and the Ravens had 24. One need only go back to THE LAST GAME these two teams played to find the Ravens' justification for trying to score absolutely as many points as possible, every chance they got, on Sunday.
2008 Week 4 – Ravens hold a double digit halftime lead in Pittsburgh, 13-3. Steelers win in overtime, 23-20.
2008 Week 15 – Ravens lead 6-3 at the half. Steelers win 13-9.
2009 Week 12 – Ravens lead 14-7 at the half. Steelers force overtime before Ravens win 23-20.
2010 Week 4 – Ravens lead 10-7 at halftime. Steelers take the lead and Ravens need a last-minute drive to win 17-14.
2010 Week 13 – Ravens lead 7-0 at the break. Steelers win 13-10.
Notice a trend here? The Ravens lead at halftime, the Steelers come all the way back and at least take the lead, if not win outright.
And somehow the Ravens are supposed to be comfortable with even a 28-7 lead with 29:40 left in the game?
A three touchdown lead, in the minds of Ravens fans everywhere, could have been easily overcome by a strip-sack fumble recovery by Troy Polamalu, a deep bomb to Mike Wallace, and a Ben-wriggling-out-of-a-sure-sack to lob a 15-yard touchdown pass to Heath Miller.
That one additional point, at that juncture in the game, meant that Pittsburgh would not only have to score three touchdowns to tie the game, but they would also, at some point, have to try for and convert a two-point conversion of their own. One that the Ravens would be expecting. It put the contest just that little bit further out of reach, which was absolutely the right thing to do when the opportunity presented itself.
Mike Tomlin left his starters in the game until the final snap when Terrell Suggs brought down Roethlisberger for the third time. He wasn't giving up. So why should the Ravens stop scoring?
This is the NFL, people. The Ravens weren't running up the score or disrespecting anybody by opting to try to go up by 22 points instead of 21 with nearly an entire half of football left to play. They were recognizing the skill and determination of an opponent that has proven time and again more than able to overcome most any deficit against them. That they were unable to do so Sunday was a testament to the fact that the Ravens never stopped trying to put them out of reach.
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Did you see that Flacco and Rice are on this week's cover of SI?
I don't know who I feel sorry for next week. The Titans who have to watch the film of the Ravens-Steelers game or the Seattle Seahawks who have to deal with a pissed off Steelers team. Tarvaris Jackson might die on Sunday.
I don't think Hines was saying the Ravens shouldn't have gotten as many points as possible … he was saying it was going to be remembered and used as motivation to not let it happen again. As far as the talking heads …. well that's what they do! One talking head did make the point that it was such a good play that they should have saved it for when they might really need it.
The Ravens finally kept the pedal to metal for a complete 60 minutes against the Steelers. While the Steelers turned it over every time they were seemingly gaining momentum, the Ravens continued to be aggressive. I thought the Ravens really exposed the Steelers linebackers in this one. Although Flacco had good numbers, how many times did he actually throw the ball more than 10 yards? He had the two big TD completions, but most of his yards came on check-downs or underneath routes.
As for the 2 pt conversion, I wouldn't call it disrespectful but it's easy to see how it could become bulletin board material. I agree a "trick play" like that should have been saved for a more significant scenario.
if they don't get it, and the steelers magically come back, then theres the point win by the steelers….
There was no "if they didn't get it." They saw that weakness in the Steelers' FG block unit on the first three extra points. The play had a 99.999% chance of success. Great call.
Nope, you're an idiot. It was 100% out of respect. Go read what I wrote again. And sure, they Steelers have the RIGHT to whine about it…doesn't mean they're not butthurt little babies for doing so. Who cares if you "piss them off?" They SHOULD be pissed off after losing 35-7. So the Ravens should have TRIED to win 21-20, just so Pittsburgh takes it easy on them the next time they play? GTFO.
Although Flacco had good numbers, how many times did he actually throw the ball more than 10 yards? He had the two big TD completions, but most of his yards came on check-downs or underneath routes.
So he only threw deep when he had a guy for six? What's wrong with that? And don't forget about the long throw to Dickson that was called back for holding.
How many times did Ben throw deep? The Steelers respected Lee Evans, which opened up everything underneath. When you have a guy that can run after the catch like Ray Rice, there is absolutely no shame in getting the ball in his hands. Hell, Joe Montana's entire career was a series of 10 yard passes to let Jerry Rice and John Taylor rack up the YAC. While the Ravens are an Air Coryell team and not West Coast, per se, Flacco did a great job of going through his reads and taking what Pittsburgh was giving him. If Tennessee decides to come up and try to take away Rice underneath, Joe will burn them over the top – the guy has one of the best deep balls in the NFL, and the Ravens now have the speed to utilize it.
See, Flacco takes so much undeserved heat from everywhere, I see it when it isn't even there.
Yeah, Harrison looked gassed, Woodley wasn't much either, and Timmons appears severely overpaid – all based on just one game, of course.
Ask Tarvaris Jackson on Monday, and he'll probably disagree.


FAIRBANKS, Alaska - There was a lot of high school wrestling action last night as multiple teams were battling on the mats.
First up was the Eielson Ravens and the Lathrop Malemutes, and the Mutes took the victory 56-18.
Lathrop won the 140, 152 and 160 with the help of the Opp brothers James and Josiah, and Jordan Sanchez.
Will McManus won the 171 for the Dirty Birds.
In the 189, Nephi Tidwell won it for Eielson.
In the 103, 119 and the 215, the Malemutes won the classes with Andrew Killian-Dalrymple, Colton Parduhn and Ramon Gloria.
Javier Pharms won the 112 for the Ravens.
Garrett Bourne won the 125 class for Lathrop, and William Poland took the 135.
West Valley faced the Hutchison Hawks, and won 35-7 over Hutch.
The Wolfpack secured the 103, 119, 125 and the 130 titles thanks to the efforts of Dustin Lozano, Kai Chen, Carter Barney and Freddy Matheson.
Ben Conn secured the 135 for West Valley, and Hutch got their first victory as Kenya Edwards won the 145.
The 171 had Aaron Conwell grab it for the Wolfpack, while Kalen Moore-Thomas won the 215 for Hutch.
Lathrop then faced Hutch, and Hutch fell 53-6, but they started with a victory in the 119 with Paitlyn Taylor.
Roberto Lechuga Porras grabbed one for Lathrop, and Zane Lucksavage secured the 125.
In the 130, Aiyana Erhart won it for Lathrop, and Kaleiha Ashbury took the 135 for Hutch.
The 171, 189 and 285 were won by Lathrop with Nathan Kisgen, Sage Martin and Ernest Hollcraft.
And lastly, the Malemutes faced the Wolfpack for a 55-24 victory.