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Morisoka invasion in São Luis: a biologist explains why and what the health risks are
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Former US Vice President Mike Pence undergoes pacemaker implantation surgery | Scientist
Alf Covington April 16, 2021 2 min read
Former Vice President United StateAnd the Mike PenceHe underwent surgery on Wednesday (14) to put A. Pacemaker. The Republican who was unable to reelect himself for the position with a board defeat headed Donald TrumpHe is 61 years old.
According to the press office, Pence felt bad for the past two weeks, and tests showed the politician was suffering from a low heart rate. So the medical team decided to operate and install a pacemaker.
"He is recovering well and will return to activity in the next few days," the publicist said in a statement. Vice Trump is expected to make a public statement at the end of April. This would be his first statement since he left the government in January.
The name of the Republican Party
2 of 2U.S. Vice President Mike Pence speaks during the reopening of the session in Congress to certify Joe Biden's victory in the January 6 presidential election – Photo: Senate Television via AP
US Vice President Mike Pence speaks during the reopening of the Congressional session to validate Joe Biden's January 6 presidential election victory – Photo: Senate Television via AP
Pence appears as one of the nominated names for the Republican Party Run for the presidency of the United States in 2024Especially if Trump does not want or cannot run for a new term after the 2020 defeat.
Sandra Cohen: Even with the defections, the Republican Party remains a follower of Trump
The former lawmaker fell out with Trump when the then-president refused to admit electoral defeat and refused to hand over the job to Joe Biden. After a sweep of the Capitol, in which some radical Trump supporters threatened Pence, the Republican reopened the session that confirmed the Democrat's victory. In the inauguration of the new president, only the former vice president participated: Trump did not want to leave.
Videos: Trump bids farewell to the White House
Alf Covington
"Music fanatic. Professional problem solver. Reader. Award-winning tv ninja."
See also Summit between Biden and Putin to be held on June 16 in Geneva | Scientist
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January 19, 2022 Willa Ruiz


How Many Spaces Should Follow a Period?
Do you prefer two spaces after a period or one?
If you're like me – and by me I mean all right-minded people in the universe – you're a single-spacer.
In fact, I was under the impression that this argument ended long ago with the demise of dot-matrix printers, monospaced fonts and old-school typesetting.
But no. Apparently the battle still rages.
Now he has doubled down by claiming science supports two spaces.
In support of this dubious premise, LawProfBlawg cites a study in which subjects were monitored with eye-tracking equipment as they read passages of text with single, double and zero-spaced sentences. Researchers found that their eyes lingered less over double-spaced sentences than the other variations.
And yet. Even the spaced-out professor admits the experiment doesn't really settle anything. For one thing, the test subjects were students, and we all know that students' eyes tend to linger in ways that differ from the general population. Even worse, the experiment used Courier font – yes, Courier font – which fatally contaminates the findings.
Double-spacers say text is easier to digest with a little extra room. They say sentences should be allowed to breathe.
Give me a break. If your sentence is gasping for air, you need to rewrite it, not add more white space.
After all, the Associated Press Stylebook recommends one space. So does the Chicago Manual of Style and Writer's Digest.
And wouldn't you know it: psychologists want to have it both ways. The American Psychological Association stylebook recommends double spacing for draft manuscripts – to aid readability – even though the published product will be single-spaced.
As a risk manager, I would advise you to always defer to whatever style preferences are favored by your presiding judge or appellate court.
Meanwhile, we must hold firm to the single space. Otherwise, the double-troublemakers – who vow to keep fighting until the end punctuation – will win.


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Evelyn Orange Author
June Books
Here are my three good reads from June:
Lesley Pearse - Survivor
This is the third book in the author's Belle series, following a young woman through her adventures through the early twentieth century. The final instalment is the story of her daughter, Mariette. Like her mother, Mariette is a strong and wilful character who loves with passion and is not content with staying meekly at home. From New Zealand where she has grown up, the heroine travels to England, where she finds a totally different way of life, enduring hardships, experiencing love and loss, and learning courage through World War II. True to the title, this is the story of a real survivor, and like all Lesley Pearse's novels, it is impossible to put down until the final words have been read.
Marcia Clark - Blood Defense
This is the first in a new series by the American crime writer. Fans of U.S. police dramas will find themselves in familiar territory in this new thriller. The author is an ex-attorney of some fame, and the reader is gripped with many twists and turns in the course of the novel. The heroine is a young lawyer trying to make her name, but when she takes on a seemingly impossible murder defence job, she finds herself embroiled in a case which becomes not only important for her professional future, but for her personal life, too.
Corina Boman - The Moonlit Garden
The Moonlit Garden is the title of an anonymous music manuscript which comes into Lilly's possession when she is given a special violin by a stranger. The novel follows Lilly as she travels from her home in Germany to her friend's house in London, where the the two women embark on a search to discover the identity of the composer and why Lilly was given the instrument. The story also takes the reader to Sumatra in historic times, and we learn about two other women who have owned and played the violin, Rose and Helen. The exotic setting is well-captured, and the mystery deftly handled as the book proceeds to its conclusion. I liked the musical subject, but am convinced that a non-musical reader would find it just as satisfying to read. Translated from German.
Evelyn Orange
North-east Sagas
Romantic Novelists' Association
Photo used under Creative Commons from zenera

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


While preparing I felt pretty confident, I knew the material, most of the audience and wasn't really too nervous about it, that is until 30 seconds before I was handed the microphone. My heart sunk, my hands trembled and I eecked out a horrible display of public speaking, full of filler words and disorganized thoughts. In hindsight, there was a clear lack of appreciation for true "preparation." That was a valuable lesson for me, as I sat down and tried to calm my nerves, trembling, trying to drink some water, I vowed to never embarrass myself like that again.
From there, I went on to read several books about public speaking, I even took a class at a community college in the evenings to learn about the discipline of public speaking, preparation, research, outlines, etc. Needless to say, I've improved. My confidence in speaking publicly has also improved. That's not to say I'm a polished speaker, by any stretch of the imagination, but I've overcome the first of many barriers – I no longer fear it more than death.
Speaking, communication, negotiation, whatever you want to call it is a fundamental skill in today's society. Being an effective communicator is crucial to your own success, credibility and influence you have with your peers, friends and even family. In my role, (and active community involvement) I get asked from time to time to do talks on various subjects, inside and out of my organization – each of which I draw from my experience; sure I still get nervous, but after each I gain in experience and confidence making each future talk more manageable and in some cases I even look forward to them. One day, I may even hope to give a talk at a TED conference! Shoot for the stars – right!?
I, like you, have probably heard of Toastmasters, but until recently didn't know all that much about them. A good friend of mine, Danielle (@ddelonge) of Davenport University – helped to motivate me to check out a local Toastmasters here in Troy, MI. The Troy Toastmasters, Club #2357 (Area 23, Division E, District 28) – meets weekly at 11:45 each Thursday at Dupont Automotive (950 Stephenson Hwy, Troy, MI, 48083.) This group (to me) was the exact venue to help keep me engaged, further developing my speaking skills, as large gaps (and busy schedules) can prevent me from practicing and the TM group (along with Danielle) provides a positive support system – much like a workout friend.
Not having had exposure to other Toastmaster clubs, I can only assume they all as well run as the Troy group is. If you're looking for an outlet to increase your confidence speaking publicly, increasing your verbal (and non-verbal) communication skills, confidence and all the benefits that come along with it, I HIGHLY recommend you check them out. The group has well balanced experience, with very polished, experienced speakers, as well as total beginners, starting at step 1. The group is highly organized, with distinct roles & responsibilities to ensure each and every meeting is good use of your time, getting everyone involved, and most importantly introducing you to the benefits of becoming a good speaker – both through positive reinforcement as well as constructive criticism.
The Troy group also has access to excellent facilities, from a large auditorium stage with stadium-style seating (for large, formal speaking engagements) to conference rooms (where most presentations occur.) Formats include several timed, structured speeches, to one-minute intros and table topics, as well as debates – getting you full exposure to all different types of communication formats and environments – which will surely help you increase your confidence while preparing for you next big presentation – hopefully I'll see you there!
Below is the first part in a multi-post series surrounding a typical Office Relocation. To read the introduction to this series or to view links of other sections, please click here.
Establishing a relocation team to coordinate the move. This may also include an advisory team consisting of real estate and relocation professionals, a commercial real estate agent and real estate attorney.
Determining your needs. How much space do you require? What type of building fits your business? What is your preferred geographic location? Do you need to be located near restaurants, hotels and/or public transportation? Lastly, you'll need to prepare a budget.
Identify potential properties. Obtain a list of available properties from your commercial real estate agent. Narrow the list by excluding properties that are unsuitable. Schedule a tour of the remaining facilities. Determine which locations could be appropriate for your business.
Prepare a preliminary space plan. With the help of a space planner or architect, determine the most efficient use of space at your two or three top building choices. For construction cost estimates, establish a general type and amount of changes required.
Develop a Request for Proposal (RFP). Your commercial real estate agent will prepare and distribute an RFP to the landlords of your top building choices. Based upon response, determine which space would be the best alternative for your business. Once determined, your real estate agent will submit a letter of intent to the landlord outlining the terms you intend the lease to be based upon.
Finalize space plan. Get input from departmental representatives and have a formal blueprint created to represent your new space should remodeling/construction be necessary.
Negotiate the terms of your lease. Once a lease is obtained and reviewed by decision-maker(s) from your company, get input from your real estate agent and attorney. Renegotiate and/or accept lease terms.
Now, having conceptualized the process, you'll need to dive a bit deeper into the details required for planning your move.
Identify dedicated resources. This should include a relocation coordinator and departmental representation. Each participant should understand occasional evening and weekend work may be necessary. The team should also plan to attend weekly progress meetings, once details begin to materialize.
Choose someone experienced in lease negotations and specialized in similar types of space (e.g. office, industrial, retail, etc.). Understand how he/she finds available space. Ask how this person will get paid for providing services. Also ask for 2 or 3 references of similar clients.
He/she should help in determining rights of both parties and understanding the significance of all lease terms. Should also recognize and leverage the goals of the business with those of the landlord.
Relocation is an excellent opportunity to design a more efficient working environment. This person can help in determining the correct amount of space required, taking into consideration current/future employees and growth expectations.
If buying new furniture, bring a furniture vendor into the process to help with the type of configuration of workstations and individual office furniture. Design services are typically offered at no charge to you, depending on the type of and quantity of furniture ordered.
This is crucial in helping to design and setup telephone/data services, esp. if you are planning to move significant existing equipment. Key considerations include building ample capacity for phone/data networks with appropriate access points throughout the new office. This resource may also be helpful in coordinating external vendors, such as utility providers, ISPs, phone companies, etc. and renegotiate contracts.
Determine the budget. Consider the costs of professional advisory fees, hiring a moving company, relocating your equipment and computer network, replacing office furniture and printing costs for new business cards, stationary and other printed material, including relocation announcements for customers.
Establish a Time Line. A typical move can take anywhere from six to 12 months of planning. In general, your facility selection and lease review process will take the longest amount of time. It's important to continue working through other facets of the move, choosing a moving company, researching furniture options and office equipment during the facility selection process.
Evaluate the feasibility of renewing your current lease before making decisions to relocate. If you choose to move, interview several commercial real estate agents. Be sure to check references as well as companies/properties they represent. Establish a moving date well in advance, ideally in less busy period of the business to ensure ample time for the relocation process.
10-12 months prior to the move you should: Appoint a relocation coordinator, interview and select a commercial real estate agent, engage services of a real estate attorney, select the rest of your advisory team including an architect or space planner as well as furniture and IT consultants. Next develop your relocation budget, including estimates for professional services, moving expenses and the cost of new furnishings and equipment. Lastly, schedule the prospective moving day, knowing that this may be a moving target until the office space selection and other factors are determined.
Next, we'll dive into part 2, creating your ideal office environment.


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Food Poisoning Bulletin
Food Safety and E coli News
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You are here: Home / Food Safety / Pennsylvania School Closed After E. coli Found in Water
Pennsylvania School Closed After E. coli Found in Water
February 1, 2017 by News Desk
A school in Pennsylvania has been closed and the students relocated after E. coli was found in the facility's water. Summit Elementary in Butler County was closed yesterday after an emergency school board meeting. Classes will be relocated to Broad Street Elementary School next week.
The problem was identified when testing was performed on the water because school officials knew the water was contaminated with lead. A public notice about the issue states, "due to the lead and copper contamination of the water at the Summit Elementary School the Butler Area School District undercook comprehensive sampling of the well and treated water at the school."
A sample that was collected from the raw untreated well water indicated that it contained E. coli bacteria. The well water is treated at the school, and samples taken from the school building showed that the water in the school did not contain E. coli bacteria. But the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PED) requires that consumers of the treated water be notified when pathogenic bacteria are found in the untreated water samples.
The Tier 1 public notice issued by PED states that the treated water is only being used for sanitation purposes. The water at the school is treated with chlorine before it reaches sinks and drinking fountains. Officials believe that the problem will be resolved by the end of March 2017.
After high lead levels were found in the water, students used portable sinks that were piped with water from the municipal system and jugs of water for hand-washing. According to news reports, district leaders said they knew about the concerns about lead in the water but only told parents earlier in January, which means that students in Kindergarten through fourth grade drank the lead-tainted water for about four months.
E. coli can cause serious illness, with symptoms including diarrhea that may be bloody and/or watery, severe abdominal cramps, and a mild fever. Lead is a toxic heavy metal and can cause delayed development and damage to the central nervous system along with learning disabilities. There is no safe level for lead in drinking water.
Filed Under: Food Safety, News Tagged With: E. coli, Lead
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Kancheepuram is a tourism hot spot with tourists coming from every corner of the world due to the presence of large number of temples and popularity of silk industry. With the growing complexity in our lives we seldom get time to sort out and arrange everything needed to travel. This is where the travel agents come in handy. There are excellent services provided by the travel agents in Kancheepuram. Travel agents have tie ups with hotels, airlines, cars for travels and they provide a complete package starting from arrival, stay to departure which eases the travel a lot. But the need is to authenticate the travel agents properly before handing them the money.
Take Off World Tours and Travels(P) Ltd.
Address: #25, Balasundaram Street, Velingapattarai, Orikkai Post, Kanchipuram -1.


Inside Amy Schumer (10/9c, Comedy Central): "Bawdy" barely begins to describe Amy Schumer's fearlessly below-the-belt brand of sketch comedy, brazen as ever as the Emmy-winning series returns for a stretch of nine episodes. The opener's best bit finds Amy in a doctor's office awaiting a pap smear, only to be interrupted by an all-male House Committee on Women's Health getting in her business. An attempt to be trendy, as she auditions her Betsy Ross musical for Hamilton's Pulitzer-winning Lin-Manuel Miranda, is better in concept than execution, but no one could accuse this comedian of throwing away her shot when it comes to provocative satire.
Mom (9/8c, CBS): This dangerously funny sitcom has an uncanny ability, not seen since the glory days of Norman Lear and, later, Roseanne, of finding laughs in the darkest situations. So it is when Christy (Anna Faris) and her AA group realize that they're listening to testimony from Travis (a fine Jesse Luken), the young addict who was with Christy's charge, Jodi, when she fatally overdosed. Though Marjorie (Mimi Kennedy) insists, "Travis didn't kill her, her addiction did," Christy finds it hard to show mercy. On a somewhat lighter note, Bonnie (Allison Janney) brings her skeptical new boyfriend Adam (the terrific William Fichtner) to a meeting when he begins feeling left out. Turns out AA isn't for everyone.
Scandal (9/8c, ABC): If my mailbag's any indication, Olivia Pope (Kerry Washington) may have finally crossed the line with her recent whack-a-mole murder of the villainous Andrew (Jon Tenney). But now she's in the company of even greater Big Bads, including her Papa Pope (Joe Morton) and Jake (Scott Foley), whose back story is revealed in flashbacks that explain just how he got caught up with B6-13 in the first place.
Inside Thursday TV: Another relationship-turned-friendship is in peril on ABC's Grey's Anatomy (8/7c). No sooner did April (Sarah Drew) and Jackson (Jesse Williams) resolve their dispute—for now—about the bun in her oven, than Arizona (Jessica Capshaw) is consulting a lawyer, presumably to keep Callie (Sara Ramirez) from taking their daughter to the opposite coast. … When Leonard (Johnny Galecki) and Sheldon (Jim Parsons) clash during a Big Bang Theory (8/7c, CBS) get-together, whose side will their friends, and mates, choose? … History's popular survival series Alone (9/8c) returns for a second season, once again stranding 10 adventurous souls in the Vancouver Island wilds, recording their own ordeal without camera crews and producers getting in their way. … It's a sing-off (of sorts) between Marvel heroes, when Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.'s Clark Gregg goes up against Agent Carter's Hayley Atwell in Spike's Lip Sync Battle (10/9c).


To provide support and resources to the school for the benefit and educational growth of the students.
To strengthen the relationship between the home and the school, so that parents and teachers may cooperate intelligently in the education of the students.
To develop parent leadership and involvement while utilizing the talents and resources of our families, teachers, school and community.
To raise funds to achieve the objectives of the PTO.


The end is almost nigh. Well, the end of the Marvel Cinematic Universe's Phase 3, anyway.
On April 26, Phase 3 will take its final bow with Avengers: Endgame, bringing an epic storyline that has spanned more than 20 movies to a close. Endgame follows on the heels of 2018's Avengers: Infinity War and will see the Avengers attempting to reverse "the Snap," the devastating wrong that occurred at the hands of the MCU's current big bad, Thanos, after he acquired all of the Infinity Stones in Infinity War and proceeded to use them to wipe out half of all life in the universe. With only a handful of Avengers left over from the Snap, demoralized and unsure of how to carry on, Endgame will focus on what remains of the team coming together to try and find a way to reverse the Snap so that their friends and loved ones can come home for good.
Despite most of the plot being kept under wraps, we have been able to glean some details from trailers, posters, and our own understanding of the MCU. Here's what we confidently know – or can at least put forth an educated guess – so far.
Okay, first thing's first: let's tally up the survivors.
As far as the trailers have revealed as well as what we know from the end of Infinity War, here's who we know survived the Snap: Steve Rogers/Captain America; James "Rhodey" Rhodes/War Machine; Natasha Romanoff/Black Widow; Tony Stark/Iron Man; Rocket; Clint Barton/Hawkeye; Thor; Scott Lang/Ant-Man; Carol Danvers/Captain Marvel; Nebula; Bruce Banner/The Hulk; Pepper Potts; Valkyrie; M'Baku; Okoye; and, last but not least, Wong.
That's a helluva lineup, even if it is just the leftovers. It's still unclear how folks like Valkyrie, Wong, and M'Baku will figure into the overall plan the Avengers have going since we have only seen them featured in posters and other promotional materials but have been mostly kept out of the trailers.
What Are the Survivors Going to Do Now?
Well, the "No, duh" answer is that they're going to have to band together to defeat Thanos and reverse his Snap so that they can bring back those lost during Infinity War. It's likely we won't get back everyone we lost in Infinity War (Loki and Gamora died before the Snap, meaning they'll probably stay dead) but getting mostly everyone back is better than getting nobody back, right?
The bigger goal in Endgame is ensuring that Thanos remains defeated and that the Infinity Stones are safely separated so that what has happened with Thanos over the course of two movies doesn't happen again. This could quite possibly either involve time travel or some adjustment in the nature of the reality the MCU superheroes are experiencing so that a new timeline is created (a common occurrence in the world of comics, so why not here, too?) that will affect their knowledge of the whereabouts of the Infinity Stones or the Stones themselves – or even destroying them entirely.
This may feel like a small detail, but now that we know Tony survives and is not destined to be marooned in space, it's also been revealed that he is joining the Avengers once again and is ready for vengeance after Thanos took surrogate son Peter Parker in the Snap. This means that for the first time since Captain America: Civil War, Tony and Captain America are not only okay being in the same room with one another, but ready to fight on the same side once again. Considering Endgame will likely be the farewell film for these two beloved and veteran Avengers, it's good to see that Tony and Cap want to put the past in the past and are truly ready to lead this team, as they were always meant to do. With these two taking the reins, expect their leadership decisions to affect how the team will attack Thanos and recover the lost superheroes.
There are some big changes in the Avengers' lineup, which means that the unique skillsets being brought to the table by each member of the team are new, too. As such, we'll see synergy between the Avengers, Wakandans, and Guardians that we haven't seen before and they'll feed off each other's powers in ways that will help weaken Thanos. For example, the addition of Captain Marvel means there a greater amount of firepower at their command, as well as extensive knowledge of the cosmos which will no doubt be handy when the team has to go deep into space to hunt Thanos down.
Additionally, we know that Hawkeye has gone full Ronin, ostensibly following the loss of his family during the Snap. Ant-Man is out of the Quantum Realm, but he has to come to terms with the fallout from the Snap all over again because he was stuck in the Quantum Realm when it happened (we saw this play out in the Ant-Man and the Wasp post-credits scene). Pepper Potts will have a bigger role in Endgame and it's believed that she'll even don one of Iron Man's suits in order to either rescue him from space or help the team out in some way.
These developments for Endgame, along with the addition of other minor superheroes, mean there are more players on the board. Yes, there will be reinforcements, but the stakes will also be higher.
As seen in a new clip released in early April, we now know the inciting incident that brings the band back together, or at the very least sets them on his path: Thanos uses the Infinity Stones again and puts the team on high alert.
The clip shows a handful of the remaining Avengers, including Captain Marvel, at Avengers HQ in upstate New York. A holographic map is somehow telling the group that Thanos has apparently used the Stones again, although it's not clear why he did it or to what end he is using them (especially strange since he looked very ready to be a simple farmer on a distant planet at the end of Infinity War). Captain Marvel asserts that the team has a distinct advantage with her around, helping to convince not only Thor — who pleasantly assesses her with "I like this one" — but the rest of the veteran Avengers that they could really pull off defeating Thanos once and for all.
The latest trailers released in the final weeks leading up to Endgame's premiere show that the remaining Avengers will go off Earth to track Thanos down and fight him. Certain scenes indicate all of our key players end up on a planet that is decidedly not the one Thanos resides on at the end of Infinity War, so we'll have to see if the change of location gives the Avengers any sort of fighting advantage.
Endgame marks one of the final times that we'll see beloved Marvel Comics creator Stan Lee in a requisite cameo role. Details on Lee's cameo are unknown, but we have a feeling that more gravitas will be given to Lee's time on screen given that he passed away in November 2018.
Get your tickets for Avengers: Endgame here (if you haven't already!) and see it when it arrives in theaters on April 26.


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"It hurts" – says mother of five who lost home to fire
Vanessa Braithwaite September 24, 2021 2 min read
-says she is now victim to cyber bullying
The house that was destroyed by the fire
A mother of five is now displaced after the first home she owned went up into flames, less than three years after she moved into it. The fire occurred at Blue Berry Hill, Wismar, Linden around 11:45 hrs on Thursday. "It is really sad, after years of moving from place to place, I finally got somewhere to call home and it hurts," 35-year-old Orlene Holder said.
Holder said she left the home to render some assistance to the teachers at a nearby school, since they were moving over into another building; the school was less than five minutes away from her home. Her five children, the eldest being age 10, were left in the home, but it was not locked. "The house was not locked, they could have opened the door and come out at any time," she told INFO 10.
During this time, a neighbour saw smoke emanating from the house and the children were screaming, according to the police. She then opened the door and removed the children, before the entire one-storey concrete house went up in flames. "The only thing they were able to save were the clothes on the line," the distraught Holder said.
She said the home, along with the neighbour's, was in darkness a few nights before for some time and the electrical technicians came and fixed the issue, the same thing however occurred earlier on Thursday. She however cannot confirm whether the fire was of electrical origin.
She also said she does not know if anyone set the house on fire. "I don't have any problem with anyone, I am not a person like that," she said. Holder and her five children are now seeking refuge at her sister's home. The house that was burnt down, was given to her by her father.
She said after reports in some sections of the media suggest that she abandoned her children, persons have been messaging her on messenger with harsh comments that are further affecting her mentally, emotionally and psychologically. Holder estimated her losses at $5 M. Police said Investigation is ongoing.
Previous Region 10 records 89 cases, two deaths so far in September
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This manual is intended as a companion to the 26th and future editions of Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice for Design.
- Guidance and training information for personnel with responsibilities for the acquisition, operation, and maintenance of industrial ventilation systems.
- Discussion of key points regarding effective operation and maintenance for industrial ventilation systems and identification of why many ventilation systems fail to deliver the expected employee protection.
- Tools that allow management and employees to deliver the desired employee protection with well-designed systems (assuming that site management sets clear expectations and responsibilities within its organization for industrial ventilation system results).
- Discussion of acquisition and operation of an industrial ventilation system from developing the initial design requirements to successful system maintenance and operation that keep the system within design parameters.
The chapters in this manual are written for the employees and their managers who must use and maintain industrial ventilation systems in the workplace. Each chapter is a comprehensive guide for users of industrial ventilation systems through their duties and responsibilities, and provides information on how the systems work, recommended maintenance frequency, and troubleshooting guidance.


Whenever it comes to bedding for your dog, you want to have a space that is cozy and welcoming. Instead of a run of the mill dog bed, there are options that will give your dog the support and firmness that he or she needs. A bolster style dog bed is a great choice for a larger breed, so looking into your options in extra large orthopedic bolster dog bed for your four legged friend will open up your options to offer real comfort for your pet.
Have you noticed that your dog usually likes to sleep while having their head on a pillow or an arm rest? The bolster feature on the dog bed will help by allowing them to have a nice place where they can rest their head on a bed that they consider to be their very own. The extra large size will also offer plenty of space for stretching out after a long day of running, exploring and playing fetch.
This jumbo bed is perfect for aging large breed dogs. The 6″ memory foam provides relief from joint pains and promotes energy. Its very easy to wash. Each part of the bed is removable; the memory foam base, bolsters, the liner and cover. Available in small, large and extra large sizes.
While shopping for bolster dog beds, you will also find that they often come in a wide range of styles and signs. Many will be machine washable and some may come with other features such as a heating element that is just right for use during the cooler months. The styles may also vary from those that have half bolsters to those that come with full support all the way around. Depending on your needs, you might find some that come with either a built in or completely removable pillow pad.
No matter which design you go with or the features you are after, you will find that an XL orthopedic bolster dog bed will make a wonderful addition to your home and give your pet all of the comfort and support for a great sleep.


alleviate some of the pain and stiffness caused by arthritis. But the myriad of nutritional advice online makes it hard to separate the wheat from the... walnuts. To help negotiate this fractured digital dietary landscape, we spoke exclusively to Jo Travers, The London Nutritionist and author of The Low-Fad Diet, to find out which foods could help with everyday joint wear and tear.
How and why do certain foods help or indeed hinder joint pain?
When joints hurt they are inflamed, and diet can play a big role in increasing or decreasing inflammation. In the short-term, the inflammatory process is part of the immune system doing its job. However, it can become overactive and become chronic - and that's when eating well can help.
A good diet is recommended for everyone, but for those with arthritis it's even more important. Why is that, and how do certain foods impact inflammation and pain?
There are actually quite a few different mechanisms of inflammation that are affected by food. The types of fats we eat have a direct impact on whether pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory compounds are made. Saturated fats tend to make more pro-inflammatory compounds, whereas poly- and monounsaturated fats tend to make anti-inflammatory ones - especially omega 3 fats from oily fish.
The other really exciting emerging body of evidence is around the effect of gut microflora on inflammation. The bacteria that live in our digestive system are now recognised as being very important for health in all sorts of ways, and they thrive on a diet containing plenty of fruits, vegetables and other plant foods.
The benefits of things such as fish oil supplements are often discussed. Is there any truth to this?
Fish oil supplements are high in omega 3 oils, so yes they can be very good for reducing inflammation in people with arthritis.
Are there any foods that those with arthritis should avoid at all costs and why?
No food should be completely off-limits, that would be boring! However not eating too much saturated fat will help keep symptoms at bay. Saturated fats are found in meat, butter, full fat dairy products like cream, or coconut and palm oils. Ready meals and baked goods like biscuits and cakes are often high in saturated fats so it's good to get into the habit of checking the traffic light labels on the front of packs. Avoid the red traffic light for saturated fat and go for mostly foods with a green traffic light.
Sometimes preparing food when you have joint pain is very painful. What are your tips for getting around this?
I'm all for buying convenience food. Although some ready meals are not particularly healthy, there are plenty of ways you can take advantage of ready-prepared foods. You can buy ready-chopped vegetables for example, which means less standing at the worktop and less time spent holding knives. Frozen vegetables and tinned beans and lentils are also great effort-savers in the kitchen.
Sometimes the small tasks can be daunting if you're living with arthritic pain. What advice would you give to someone when it comes to shopping and cooking? Is it a case of plan on the bad days, shop and cook on the good days and freeze foods ahead for the bad days?
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HAMPTON, Va.–Hampton Roads Educators' Credit Union (HRECU) awarded five scholarships during its 65thAnnual Meeting.
Daysi Hale received the $1,000 Naomi J. Chadwick Memorial Scholarship. Hale will graduate from Phoebus High School and plans to attend North Carolina Wesleyan in the fall where she will study nursing.
Hannah Montero received the $1,000 Laura W. Twyford Memorial Scholarship. The Laura W. Twyford Memorial Scholarship is awarded to high school seniors who plan to pursue a degree and career in teaching. Montero will graduate from Jamestown High School and plans to attend James Madison University where she will obtain a Master of Arts in Teaching.
The $1,000 Career Development Scholarship was awarded to two seniors who plan to pursue a degree in any field other than teaching. This year's recipients were Kobe Smith, a student at Hampton High School who plans to attend Christopher Newport University with a major in Accounting and Finance and a minor in Leadership. The second recipient was Richard Cordner, who attends Phoebus High School and New Horizons Governor's School for Science & Technology. Cordner plans to attend Old Dominion University, majoring in Cybersecurity.
The $1,500 Post Graduate Studies Scholarship was awarded to Hampton High School teacher Kari Espada who is seeking her Doctorate of Education from Concordia University – Portland. The Post Graduate Studies Scholarship is awarded to school employees within the credit union's field of membership who are pursuing a master's degree or higher.
At right, from left: HRECU Board Treasurer and Scholarship Committee Chairman Donald Sandridge, Cordner accepting for Richard Cordner, Kari Espada, Daysi Hale, Kobe Smith, HRECU Board Member and Scholarship Committee Member Jacqueline Smith-Watson, and Mrs. Montero accepting for Hannah Montero.


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3D Personnel are looking for skilled Ground workers for a project in Oakham, Rutland. The typical duties include – external drainage all concrete/clay due to site location, some external works including slabs, kerbs, edgings etc. Tickets – MUST HAVE CSCS – any dumper roller etc is an advantage but not a nece..


J.R. Wolpaw, N. Birbaumer, D.J. McFarland,G.Pfurtscheller and T.M. Vaughan, Brain-computerinterfaces for communication and control, Clinical Neuro-physiology, 113(6), 2002, 767-791.
 J. Polich, Updating P300: An integrative theory ofP3a and P3b, Clinical Neurophysiology, 118(10), 2007,2128-2148.
 L.A. Farwell and E. Donchin, Talking off the top ofyour head: Toward a mental prosthesis utilizing event-related brain potentials, Electroencephalography andClinical Neurophysiology, 70(6), 1988, 510-523.
 D. Regan, Human brain electrophysiology: Evokedpotentials and evoked magnetic fields in science andmedicine (New York, Elsevier Pubs, 1989).
 G.D. Johnson, N.R. Waytowich, D.J. Cox and D.J.Krusienski, Extending the Discrete Selection Capabilitiesof the P300 Speller to Goal-Oriented Robotic Arm Con-trol, Proc. 2010 3rd IEEE RAS and EMBS InternationalConference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics(BioRob), Tokyo, Japan, 2010, 572-575.
 M. Palankar, K.J. De Laurentis, R. Alqasemi, E. Veras,R. Dubey, Y. Arbel and E. Donchin, Control of a 9-DoFWheelchair-Mounted Robotic Arm System Using a P300Brain Computer Interface: Initial Experiments, Proc.2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics andBiomimetics, Bangkok, Thailand, 2009, 348-353.
 A.I. Nawroj, S. Wang, Y. Yu and L.Gabel, A Brain-Computer interface for Robot Navigation, IEEE 38thAnnual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEBEC),2012, 15-16.
 C. Escolano, J.M. Antelis and J. Minguez, A Telep-resence Mobile Robot Controlled With a NoninvasiveBrain-Computer Interface, IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics, 42(3), 2012,793-804.
 R. Ortner, C. Guger, R. Prueckl, E. Gr¨unbacher andG. Edlinger, SSVEP Based Brain-Computer Interfacefor Robot Control, in K. Miesenberger (Ed.) ComputersHelping People with Special Needs (Heidelberg, SpringerBerlin, 2010) 85-90.
 M. Bryan, J. Green, M. Chung, L. Chang, R. Scherer,J. Smith and R.P.N. Rao, An Adaptive Brain-ComputerInterface for Humanoid Robot Control, Proc. 2011 11thIEEE RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots,Bled, Slovenia, 2011, 199-204.
 P. Gergondet, S. Druon, A. Kheddar, C. Hinterm¨uller,C. Guger and M. Slater, Using Brain-Computer Interface toSteer a Humanoid Robot, Proc. 2011 IEEE InternationalConference on Robotics and Biomimetics, Phuket, Tailand,2011, 192-197.
 D. Zhu, J. Bieger, G.G. Molina and R.M. Aarts, ASurvey of Stimulation Methods Used in SSVEP-BasedBCIs, Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience,2010(1), 2010.
 D.H. Brainard, The Psychophysics Toolbox, SpatialVision, 10(4), 1997, 433-436.
 E. Donchin, K.M. Spencer and R.Wijesinghe, TheMental Prosthesis: Assessing the Speed of a P300-basedBrain-Computer Interface, IEEE Transactions on Rehabil-itation Engineering, 8(2), 2000, 174-179.
 T. Demiralp, A. Ademo˘glu, Y. Istefanopulos, C.B.Ero˘glu and E. Bas¸ar, Wavelet analysis of oddball P300,International Journal of Psychophysiology, 39(2-3), 2001,221-227.
 O. Caglayan and R.B. Arslan, P300 based auditoryvisual brain computer interface, 20th Signal Processingand Communications Applications Conference (SIU),2012(1), 2012.
 T. Demiralp, A. Ademo˘glu, M. Sch¨urmann, C.B.Ero˘glu and E. Bas¸ar, Detection of P300 waves in singletrials by the wavelet transform (WT), Brain and Language,66(1), 1999, 108-128.


A group of enzymes that catalyze the calcium-dependent acyl transfer reaction in which the amide moiety of peptide-bound glutaminyl residues serve as acyl donor; a specific transglutaminase covalently cross-links fibrin molecules between glutamine and the ε-amino group of a lysyl residue, thus producing a more stable fibrin clot; another transglutaminase participates in the formation of the chemically resistant envelope of the stratum corneum during terminal differentiation of keratinocytes.
/trans·glu·tam·in·ase/ (trans″gloo-tam´in-ās) an enzyme, formed by cleavage and activation of protransglutaminase, which forms stabilizing covalent bonds within fibrin strands. It is the activated form of coagulation factor XIII.
the activated form of protransglutaminase, which forms stabilizing covalent bonds within fibrin strands; called also coagulation factor XIIIa.
Here's a car that behaves like no other on the road - there's no body roll no matter how hard you corner, there's no standing on its nose under emergency braking and, if you have to combine the two, then the Activa is more likely to keep you in control a nd on the road than any other car I can think of.
The Activa device, made by the American based company Medtronic Inc, costs around pounds 5,000 and the surgery required to install it another pounds 7,000 to pounds 10,000.
En siete meses de 1997, los piratas se habian apoderado de un gran tesoro, aproximadamente el 50% del mercado de publicidad de las paginas amarillas de la Guia Activa, un nuevo directorio telefonico lanzado por Corporacion de Noticias, compania que tambien es propietaria de los diarios Siglo XXI y Siglo News.
Ordinarily,it would be no contest, but not when it's a Xantia Activa, the world's first production car with active roll control suspension.
1) There is no lack of studies on this question using the categories of vita activa and vita contemplativa.
1dha access tariffs in low voltage for the dependent centers of activa mutua 2008.
Police identified the fatalities as Romy Lentija, 34, and a fish peddler who drove the motorcycle, and his passenger, Jude Activa, both residents of the nearby town of Janiuay.
Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India's (HMSI) flagship scooter Activa has once again been crowned as the best selling two-wheeler in the country for March 2014.
ACTIVA products are formulated with a bioactive resin matrix and bioactive fillers, representing an entirely new category of bioactive dental products.
24 -- The Honda Activa may be the best selling scooter in India at the moment, but it sort of steals all the limelight from the other scooters the company has on offer.


It was like a member of my own family was helping me.
The loan officer is very professional and willing to help us.
Johnny went out of his way to make sure we got the best loan. I'll always use Johnny and always refer him.
Johnny stayed after hours to help with documents and explain everything even when my schedule wasn't suitable. Johnny went above and beyond expectations. Thanks!
As a Realtor, it has been a pleasure to work with loan officer Johnny Iturriria and his team. He made loans easy for my clients. He was nice and patient with them - explaining options and educating them on how to do the process correctly. Extremely thankful to Caliber and Johnny Iturriria. Many of my clients are homeowners thanks to him and Caliber.
Professional, responsible, and competitive service. My agent was well informed about my different loan options and worked diligently to obtain my approval. Thank you for a positive experience.
We utilized Johnny Iturriria in Bakersfield, CA, and the whole process from start to finish was very smooth. I'd recommend this guy all day long. Thanks Johnny.
Johnny was incredible. My second time using him, and he knocked it out of the park again. Thank you.
Johnny Ittirria was great to work with, always answered the phone; always kept me updated on the progress. Quick to respond to any questions I had.
The process was very easy and Mr. Iturriria answered all my questions thoroughly when in doubt. He was quick at getting documents processed along with Terry.
You guys made my home buying experience fast, easy, friendly, and stress free, I would highly recommend first time buyers to go with your guys' mortgage company any day!
Johnny was first rate. The service was very personalized and he took the time to explain every item. It was much more down to earth process that what I have been through with other banks. If or when I purchase another home, I will use Johnny again, and I will recommend him to my friends.
They're fast in doing the pre-qualification for clients. I'm very happy working with Johnny Iturriria. Keep up the good job Johnny and your staff!
You were able to close this deal before time and with no issues.
Johnny Iturriria was great! He was able to get it closed before time, and everyone was fully satisfied with him.
Johnny Iturriria and Camilo Rosales are great at what they do. Recommended.
Johnny always provides a great service!


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Industrial waste-heat recovery through integrated computer-aided working-fluid and ORC system optimisation using SAFT-Γ Mie
White, M. ORCID: 0000-0002-7744-1993, Oyewunmi, O. A., Haslam, A. J. and Markides, C. N. (2017). Industrial waste-heat recovery through integrated computer-aided working-fluid and ORC system optimisation using SAFT-Γ Mie. Energy Conversion and Management, 150, pp. 851-869. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.03.048
A mixed-integer non-linear programming optimisation framework is formulated and developed that combines a molecular-based, group-contribution equation of state, SAFT-γ Mie, with a thermodynamic description of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power system. In this framework, a set of working fluids is described by its constituent functional groups (e.g., since we are focussing here on hydrocarbons: –CH3, –CH2–, etc.), and integer optimisation variables are introduced in the description the working-fluid structure. Molecular feasibility constraints are then defined to ensure all feasible working-fluid candidates can be found. This optimisation framework facilitates combining the computer-aided molecular design of the working fluid with the power-system optimisation into a single framework, thus removing subjective and pre-emptive screening criteria, and simultaneously moving towards the next generation of tailored working fluids and optimised systems for waste-heat recovery applications. SAFT-γ Mie has not been previously employed in such a framework. The optimisation framework, which is based here on hydrocarbon functional groups, is first validated against an alternative formulation that uses (pseudo-experimental) thermodynamic property predictions from REFPROP, and against an optimisation study taken from the literature. The framework is then applied to three industrial waste-heat recovery applications. It is found that simple molecules, such as propane and propene, are the optimal ORC working fluids for a low-grade (150 °C) heat source, whilst molecules with increasing molecular complexity are favoured at higher temperatures. Specifically, 2-alkenes emerge as the optimal working fluids for medium- and higher-grade heat-sources in the 250–350 °C temperature range. Ultimately, the results demonstrate the potential of this framework to drive the search for the next generation of ORC systems, and to provide meaningful insights into identifying the working fluids that represent the optimal choices for targeted applications. Finally, the effects of the working-fluid structure on the expander and pump are investigated, and the suitability of group-contribution methods for evaluating the transport properties of hydrocarbon working-fluids are considered, in the context of performing complete thermoeconomic evaluations of these systems.
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license(http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
ORC; Waste-heat recovery; CAMD; Working fluid; Optimisation; SAFT; Group contribution
School of Mathematics, Computer Science & Engineering > Engineering > Mechanical Engineering & Aeronautics
Text - Published Version


Aleut (/əˈljuːt, ˈæliuːt/; Unangam Tunuu) is the language spoken by the Aleut people (Unangax̂) living in the Aleutian Islands, Pribilof Islands, Commander Islands, and the Alaskan Peninsula (in Aleut Alaxsxa, the origin of the state name Alaska). Aleut is the sole language in the Aleut branch of the Eskimo–Aleut language family. The Aleut language consists of three dialects, including Eastern, Atkan, and Attuan (now extinct).
Various sources estimate there are fewer than 100 to 150 remaining active Aleut speakers. Eastern and Atkan Aleut are classified as "critically and severely endangered" and have an EGIDS rating of 7. The task of revitalizing Aleut has largely been left to local government and community organizations. The overwhelming majority of schools in the historically Aleut-speaking regions lack any language/culture courses in their curriculum, and those that do fail to produce fluent or even proficient speakers.
It is generally accepted that the Eskimo and Aleut peoples were part of a relatively late migration from Asia across the Bering Land Bridge, between 4,000 and 6,000 years ago. During this period the Proto-Eskimo-Aleut language was spoken, which broke up around 2000 BC (contemporaneous with the split of Proto-Indo-Iranian). Differentiation of the two branches is thought to have happened in Alaska because of the linguistic diversity found in the Eskimo languages of Alaska relative to the entire geographic area where Eskimo languages are spoken (eastward through Canada to Greenland). After the split between the two branches, their development is thought to have occurred in relative isolation.
There is evidence of a culture associated with Aleut speakers on the Eastern Aleutian Islands as early as 4,000 years ago followed by a gradual expansion westward over the next 1,500 years to the Near Islands. There is also evidence of another westward expansion about 1,000 year ago, which may explain the lack of obvious diversification among the Aleut dialects, with Eastern Aleut features having spread westward. This second westward expansion is characterized as a period of cultural affinity with southeastern Alaska and the Pacific Northwest Coast, which may explain linguistic features that Aleut shares with neighboring non-Eskimo languages, such as rules of plural formation.
Due to colonization by Russian colonizers and traders in the 18th and 19th centuries, Aleut has a large portion of Russian loanwords. However, they do not affect the basic vocabulary and thus do not suggest undue influence on the language.
Attuan was a distinct dialect showing influence from both Atkan and Eastern Aleut. Copper Island Aleut (also called Medny Aleut) is a Russian-Attuan mixed language (Copper Island (Russian: Медный, Medny, Mednyj) having been settled by Attuans). Despite the name, today Copper Island Aleut is spoken only on Bering Island, as Copper Islanders were evacuated there in 1969.
The historic Aleut (Cyrillic) alphabet found in both Alaska and Russia has the standard pre-1918 Russian orthography as its basis, although a number of Russian letters were used only in loanwords. In addition, the extended Cyrillic letters: г̑ (г with inverted breve), ҟ, ҥ, ў, х̑ (х with inverted breve) were used to represent distinctly Aleut sounds.
The palato-alveolar affricate /tʃ/ and uvular stop /q/ are pronounced with strong aspiration.
Attuan labial fricative /v/ is pronounced voiced or devoiced.
Voiceless approximants and devoiced nasals are preaspirated. The preaspiration of approximants causes very little friction and may pronounced more as a breathy voice. The preaspiration of devoiced nasals starts with a voiceless airstream through the nose and may end voiced before a vowel. The preaspiration feature is represented orthographically with an <h> preceding the given sound. For example, a devoiced, preaspirated labial nasal would be written <hm>.
The voiceless glottal approximant /h/ functions as an initial aspiration before a vowel. In Atkan and Attuan, the prevocalic /h/ aspiration contrasts with an audible but not written glottal stop initiation of the vowel. Compare halal ("to turn the head") and alal ("to need"). This contrast has been lost in Eastern Aleut.
Modern Eastern Aleut has a much simpler consonant inventory because the voice contrasts among nasals, sibilants and approximants has been lost.
Consonants listed in the dental column have varied places of articulation. The stop, nasal, and lateral dentals commonly have a laminal articulation. The voiced dental fricative is pronounced interdentally.
The pronunciation of the sibilant /s/ varies from an alveolar articulation to a retracted articulation like a palato-alveolar consonant. There is no contrast between /s/ and ʃ in Aleut. Many Aleut speakers experience difficulties with this distinction while learning English.
The long vowel /aː/ is pronounced retracted in the vowel space creating a significant distinction relative to the vowel length of /a/. The two high vowels are pronounced with the same vowel quality regardless of vowel length.
In contact with a uvular, /i/ is lowered to [e], /a/ is backed to [ɑ], and /u/ is lowered to [o]. In contact with a coronal, /a/ is raised to [e] or [ɛ], and /u/ is fronted to [ʉ].
An Aleut word may contain one to about a dozen syllables, all syllables with a vocalic nucleus. In Atkan and Attuan, there is a word-final CC due to apocopation. There also exist word initial CCC in loanwords.
Words begin with any consonant except /θ/ and preaspirated consonants (with the exception of the preaspirated /ŋ̥/ in Atkan Aleut). Only in loanwords do /v/, /z/, and the borrowed consonants (p, b, f, t, d, g, ɹ/ɾ) appear word-initially.
a coronal stop or /s/, followed by a postlingual continuant (velar, uvular, or glottal).
In CCC clusters, the middle consonant is either /t/, /tʃ/, /s/. For example, taxtxix̂ 'pulse', huxsx̂ilix 'to wrap up', chamchxix̂ 'short fishline'.
The most common single consonants to appear word-final are /x/, /χ/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, and /j/.
Through apocopation, word-final single consonants /l/ and /s/ occur, and word-final consonant clusters ending with /t/ or /s/.
Word-final nasals /m/ and /n/ are frequently deleted before an initial consonant other than /h/. For example, tana(m) kugan 'on the ground' and ula(m) naga 'the interior of the house'.
Open word classes in Aleut include nouns and verbs, both derived from stems with suffixes. Many stems are ambivalent, being both nominal and verbal (see Derivation below). There are no adjectives other than verbal nouns and participles. Other word classes include pronouns, contrastives, quantifiers, numerals, positional nouns, demonstratives, and interrogatives.
Most are used in absolutive case, as in ula-m agal-a agikux̂ 'he passed behind the house'. Can also be used in the relative case, as in laavki-m agal-a-n ula-a 'the house behind the store'.
The numeral system is decimal with hatix̂ 'ten' and sisax̂ 'hundred' as the basic higher terms. The higher tens numerals are derived through multiplication (eg. 2 x10 for 'twenty'). The multiplicative numerals are derived with the suffix -di-m on the base numeral followed by hatix̂ 'ten'. For example, qankudim hatix̂ 'forty'.
There exist 570 derivational suffixes (postbases) including many composite ones. About two thirds are found only in a small number of words. There exist approximately 175 more common suffixes.
Most Aleut words can be classified as nouns or verbs. Notions which in English are expressed by means of adjectives and adverbs are generally expressed in Aleut using verbs or postbases (derivational suffixes).
In 2005, the parish of All Saints of North America Orthodox Church, began to re-publish all historic Aleut language texts from 1840–1940. Archpriest Paul Merculief (originally from the Pribilofs) of the Russian Orthodox Diocese of Alaska and the Alaska State Library Historical Collection generously contributed their linguistic skills to the restoration effort. The historic Aleut texts are available on the parish's Aleut library.
Revitalization efforts are a recent development for the Aleut language and are mostly in the hands of the Aleuts themselves. The first evidence of the preservation of the language came in the form of written documentation at the hands of the Russian Orthodox Church missionaries. However, as the historical events and factors transpired, Aleut's falling out of favor has brought upon a necessity for action if the language is to survive much longer. Linguistic experts have been reaching out to the Aleut community in attempts to record and document the language from the remaining speakers. Such efforts amount to "100 hours of conversation, along with the transcription and translation in Aleut, that will be transferred to compact disks or DVDs". If Aleut does go extinct, these records will allow linguists and descendants of the Aleutian people to pass on as much knowledge of the language as they can. Efforts like this to save the language are being sponsored by universities and local community interest groups, like the Aleutian/Pribilof Islands Association Task Force for Language Revitalization, while government relations with the Aleut people are severely limited. Similarly to the native languages of California, the native languages of Alaska had been given little attention from the United States government. While linguists are working to record and document the language, the local Aleutian community groups are striving to preserve their language and culture by assisting the linguists and raising awareness of the Aleut population.
^ Berge, Anna (June 2016). "Eskimo-Aleut". Oxford Research Encyclopedias. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001 (inactive 2019-03-15).
^ a b c d e Taff, Alice; et al. (2001). "Phonetic Structures of Aleut" (PDF). Journal of Phonetics. 29 (3): 231–271. doi:10.1006/jpho.2001.0142.
Rask, Rasmus; Thalbitzer, William (1921). "The Aleutian Language Compared with Greenlandic". International Journal of American Linguistics. 2 (1/2): 40–57. doi:10.1086/463733. JSTOR 1263180.
Taff, Alice; Lorna Rozelle; Taehong Cho; Peter Ladefoged; Moses Dirks; Jacob Wegelin (2001). "Phonetic structures of Aleut". Journal of Phonetics. 29 (3): 231–271. doi:10.1006/jpho.2001.0142. ISSN 0095-4470.


CocktailMom: College Park Patch: To Tell or Not to Tell...That is the Question!
College Park Patch: To Tell or Not to Tell...That is the Question!
I am torn on this matter. My son is very high functioning, and thankfully doesn't have as many public meltdowns as he did in previous years. Nor does he have any behavioral issues. But would his instructors benefit from knowing that he is on the Autism Spectrum?
I don't know. In some instances, I have told the instructor and I've noticed that because they are aware of his difference they treat him differently; they allow him to get away with laziness. They don't push him to try hard or to participate, and I am left on the sidelines feeling frustrated that I just paid good money for him to pick paint off the wall while the other children are participating in the class and learning something.
When we first moved to Maryland, we were living in Anne Arundel County. I signed L up for t-ball with the hopes that he would meet new friends. When I told the volunteer coach, also a father to one of the kids on the team, that L was on the spectrum, he didn't seem to know what to do with that information, and wound up treating L exactly as he did the other kids. He was the type of coach that yelled and demanded t-ball be taken seriously with crunches and pushups before every practice. Needless to say, L was not a fan and would often be in the field running away from the team.
A friend of mine who is a dance instructor came to me asking some advice on how to deal with one of her students, who was showing clear signs of OCD and may also be on the spectrum, given some of her other behavioral issues. My friend thought that if the child was diagnosed, that the parent would have said something to her since she is the child's instructor.
It made me think … what would I do now? We haven't had any new experiences recently where I have had to deal with this issue. It's a really fine line. I honestly don't tell people unless I feel that it would better serve L or make his experience better.
Maybe your child isn't on the spectrum. Maybe your child has an ADD or ADHD label, or maybe your child is just a runner or screamer or is in a biting phase.
Do you wait until a situation presents itself to say something, or are you honest and up front about it from the beginning? Are you worried that he/she will not be treated equally?
I was told by a therapist years ago that there are times I should tell and times I shouldn't. We have had only one really really bad incident. Most people "get it". But it is hard when your son turns 12 and grows to almost 6' and 200+ lbs. His uniqueness can be more striking because the behavior doesn't match the body. He is 15 now. We take it one day at a time.


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Rhydian said: "This autumn sees the culmination of my One Day Like This tour after a year on the road."
CLASSICAL Brit nominated Welsh baritone Rhydian and Britain's Got Talent runner-up Lucy Kay arrive at Loughborough Town Hall this September.
The concert will be held on Friday, September 25.
Rhydian said: "This autumn sees the culmination of my One Day Like This tour after a year on the road.
Rhydian's One Day Like This enjoyed ten weeks at Number 1 in the Official Classical Album Charts. He has also starred in Beauty and the Beast and Andrew Lloyd Webber's hit musical Jesus Christ Superstar.


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Coast to Coast With George NooryCoast to Coast With George Noory
Congressman Joe Barton Announces He Won't Run for Re-Election
Rob Snyder
Mike Stone, Getty Images
Thursday, in an interview with the Dallas Morning News, embattled Texas Congressman Joe Barton (R- Ennis) announced he won't run for re-election in 2018.
"I've always listened to people in Texas and worked for them in Washington, and I've been listening to a lot of people the last week in Texas," he said. "...There are enough people who lost faith in me that it's time to step aside and let there be a new voice for the 6th district in Washington, so I am not going to run for re-election."
Over the past week, Congressman Barton has been involved in a scandal in which nude photos, from past relationships, were leaked on social media.
According to the Republican Party of Texas website, as of the evening of November 30th, two candidates have filed to run for the 6th Congressional District in next year's Republican Primary. The candidates vying to replace Barton are: J.K. "Jake" Ellzey and Deborah Gagliardi.
Now that Barton has officially announced he won't run for re-election, additional candidates may file to run before the December 11, 2017 deadline.
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Dovada socială este un fenomen psihologic și social în care oamenii copiază acțiunile altora în încercarea de a adopta un comportament într-o situație dată. Termenul a fost inventat de Robert Cialdini în cartea sa din 1984 Influence, iar conceptul este cunoscut și sub numele de influență socială informațională .

Dovada socială este considerată proeminentă în situațiile sociale ambigue în care oamenii nu sunt în măsură să determine modul adecvat de comportament și se bazează pe presupunerea că cei din jur posedă mai multe cunoștințe despre situația respectivă.

Efectele influenței sociale pot fi observate în tendința grupurilor mari de a se conforma. Acest lucru este denumit în unele publicații comportament de turmă . Deși dovezile sociale reflectă un motiv rațional de a ține cont de informațiile deținute de alții analiza formală arată că poate determina convergența prea rapidă către o singură opțiune astfel încât deciziile unor grupuri din ce în ce mai mari ajung să fie bazate pe foarte puține informații.

Dovada socială este un tip de conformism. Când o persoană se află într-o situație în care nu este sigură de modul corect de a se comporta va căuta adesea la alții indicii privind comportamentul corect. Când "ne conformăm pentru că credem că interpretarea unei situații ambigue de alții este mai precisă decât a noastră și ne va ajuta să alegem un curs adecvat de acțiune",  este vorba de o influență socială informațională. Ea este în contrast cu influența socială normativă în care o persoană se conformează pentru a fi plăcută sau acceptată de alții.

Dovada socială duce adesea nu numai la conformarea publică (conformitatea cu comportamentul public al altora fără să creadă neapărat că este corect), ci și la acceptarea privată (conformitatea din convingerea că ceilalți sunt corecti).  Dovada socială este mai puternică atunci când a fi exact este important și când ceilalți sunt percepuți ca fiind foarte bine informați.

În 2020, un tânăr om de știință din Polonia, Michal Klichowski, a demonstrat că acest fenomen se aplică și interacțiunilor cu inteligența artificială .  Rezultatele sale demonstrează un nou mecanism de influențare prin AI: AI cu care oamenii au din ce în ce mai mult contact devine o nouă sursă de influență despre cum să se comporte și ce decizii să ia.

Mecanisme

Incertitudine cu privire la concluzia corectă
Incertitudinea este un factor major care încurajează utilizarea dovezilor sociale. Un studiu a constatat că atunci când evaluează un produs consumatorii au preferat să încorporeze opiniile altora prin utilizarea dovezilor sociale atunci când propriile experiențe cu produsul sunt ambigue, deși în acest caz concluzia corectă ar fi fost incertitudinea.

Similaritate cu grupul
Și similaritatea motivează folosirea dovezilor sociale; atunci când o persoană se percepe ca fiind asemănătoare cu cei din jur este mai probabil să adopte și să perceapă ca fiind corect comportamentul observat al acestor persoane. Asta poate fi observat în zone cum ar fi precum utilizarea pistelor cu râsete, unde participanții vor râde mai mult și mai tare atunci când percep oamenii care râd ca fiind similari.

Dovada socială este, de asemenea, unul dintre cele șase principii de persuasiune ale lui Robert Cialdini, (împreună cu reciprocitatea, angajamentul/coerența, autoritatea, plăcerea și lipsa) care susține că oamenii sunt mai susceptibili să efectueze anumite acțiuni dacă  pot relaționa cu oamenii care au efectuat aceleași acțiuni înaintea lor.  Un experiment care exemplifica această afirmație a fost realizat de cercetători care s-au alăturat unei campanii de caritate din ușă în ușă, care au descoperit că, dacă o listă de donatori anteriori era mai lungă următoarea persoană solicitată avea mai multe șanse să doneze. Această tendință a fost și mai pronunțată atunci când numele de pe lista donatorilor erau persoane pe care le cunoștea potențialul donator, cum ar fi prietenii și vecinii.  O altă concluzie e că influența între egali este eficientă, oamenii au mai multe șanse să răspundă la tacticile de influență aplicate pe orizontală mai degrabă decât pe verticală, oamenii sunt mai susceptibili de a fi convinși de un coleg decât de un superior.

Cercetare

Cercetare timpurie
Cel mai faimos studiu al dovezii sociale este experimentul lui Muzafer Sherif din 1935.  În acest experiment, subiecții au fost plasați într-o cameră întunecată și li sa cerut să privească un punct de lumină la aproximativ 15 metri distanță. Apoi au fost întrebați cât de mult, exact, se mișcă punctul de lumină. În realitate nu se mișca deloc, dar din cauza efectului autocinetic părea să se miște. Impresia despre cât de mult pare să se miște punctul variază de la persoană la persoană dar este, în general, constantă în timp pentru fiecare individ. Câteva zile mai târziu a fost efectuată o a doua parte a experimentului. Fiecare subiect a fost asociat cu alți doi subiecți și i s-a cerut să spună cu voce tare cât de mult se mișcă lumina. Chiar dacă subiecții au dat anterior estimări diferite, grupurile au convers către o estimare comună. Pentru a exclude posibilitatea ca subiecții să dea pur și simplu răspunsul grupului pentru a nu fi luat de proști Sherif le-a cerut subiecților să judece din nou luminile singuri după ce au făcut acest lucru în grup. Ei au menținut judecata grupului. Deoarece mișcarea luminii este ambiguă, participanții se bazau unul pe celălalt pentru a defini realitatea.

Un alt studiu a analizat influența socială informațională în identificarea martorilor oculari . Subiecților li s-a arătat o fotografie al "făptuitorului". Li s-au arătat apoi pozele unui grup de patru bărbați, dintre care unul era făptașul pe care l-au văzut, și li s-a cerut să-l aleagă. Sarcina a fost îngreunată prin prezentarea foarte rapidă a imaginilor. Sarcina a fost realizată într-un grup format dintr-un subiect real și trei confederați (o persoană care acționează ca subiect, dar lucrează de fapt pentru experimentator). Confederații au răspuns primii și toți trei au dat același răspuns greșit. Pentru a da importanță a experimentului subiecților li s-a spus că participă la un test real de identificare a martorilor oculari care va fi folosit de departamentele de poliție și de instanțe, iar scorurile lor vor stabili normele de performanță. Într-o condiție de importanță redusă, subiecților li s-a spus că observarea imaginilor era încă în curs de dezvoltare și că experimentatorii nu aveau idee care este norma de performanță - doar căutau indicii utile pentru a îmbunătăți sarcina. S-a constatat că atunci când subiecții au considerat că sarcina este de mare importanță, au mai multe șanse să se conformeze, dând răspunsul greșit al confederatului 51% din timp, spre deosebire de 35% din timp în condiția de importanță scăzută.

Efecte culturale asupra dovezii sociale
Puterea dovezilor sociale variază, de asemenea, în diferite culturi. De exemplu, studiile au arătat că subiecții din culturile colectiviste se conformează cu dovezile sociale mai des decât cei din culturile individualiste.  Deși această tendință pare să se repete, există dovezi care sugerează că aceste rezultate sunt o simplificare și că tendința individualist-colectivistă personală a unui subiect independent are, de asemenea, un impact asupra deciziilor sale.  Variabile suplimentare, cum ar fi simțul de responsabilitate socială al subiectului, trebuie să fie luate în considerare pentru a înțelege mai bine mecanismele dovezilor sociale între culturi; de exemplu, cei mai colectiviști vor avea adesea o apetență crescută de a-i ajuta pe ceilalți din cauza conștientizării responsabilității sociale iar asta va crește probabilitatea de a se conforma așteptărilor, indiferent de deciziile anterioare ale colegilor.

Sinucideri la indigo

Dovada socială a fost propusă ca o explicație pentru sinuciderea la indigo, unde ratele de sinucidere cresc în urma publicării sinuciderilor.  Un studiu care a folosit modelarea bazată pe agenți a arătat că sinuciderile imitatoare sunt mai probabile atunci când există asemănări între persoana implicată în sinuciderea mediatizată și potențialii imitatori.  În plus, cercetările efectuate de David Phillips între 1947 și 1968 susțin și mai mult existența sinuciderilor imitatoare.

Exemple

În divertisment
Teatrele plantează uneori în public colaboratori instruiți să ovaționeze la momente prestabilite. De obicei aceștia inițiază aplauzele iar restul publicului îi urmează. Astfel de ovații pot fi percepute de simplii membri ai publicului ca indicii despre calitatea spectacolului.

În ciuda supărării exprimate deseori față de utilizarea benzii cu râsete în emisiunile de televiziune studiourile de televiziune au descoperit că pot crește "amuzantul" perceput al unei emisiuni prin simpla redare a râsului în momentele cheie "amuzante". Deși spectatorii consideră râsul băgat astfel drept extrem de enervant ei percep emisiunile care folosesc "râsul la conservă" ca fiind mai amuzante decât cele care nu o fac.

În comerțul electronic
În comerțul electronic dovada socială poate fi definită ca o mărturie a unui bun serviciu oferit clienților anteriori care lasă o recenzie pozitivă. Rezultatul e că oamenii vor fi mai înclinați să cumpere dacă primesc recomandări de la prieteni sau familie. Proprietarii de magazine online prezintă achiziții în timp real pe site-ul lor pentru a atrage potențiali noi clienți să le cumpere produsele.

În rețelele de socializare
Dovada socială este, de asemenea, proeminentă pe rețelele sociale precum Twitter, Facebook, Instagram și YouTube. Numărul de urmăritori, fani, vizualizări, aprecieri, favorite și chiar comentarii pe care le-a făcut un utilizator afectează pozitiv modul în care le percep alți utilizatori. Un utilizator de pe Twitter cu un milion de urmăritori este perceput ca fiind mai demn de încredere și mai reputat decât un utilizator similar cu o mie de urmăritori, ceea ce duce la o creștere mai rapidă a adepților și o rată mai mare de implicare și de clic.

Mediul
Normele sociale sunt rareori articulate clar pentru o conduită sustenabilă sau pro-mediu.

Referințe

Comportament uman
Pages with unreviewed translations

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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