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Siddhanta Panjara of Vinayaka
[A Basket of Philosophical Conclusions]
Published by The Theosophical Publishing House, Chennai
1. May Raghavananda Yogin, the incarnation of the Universal Spirit, perform sportive dances on the arena of my kind.
2. Without a beginning from the evolutionary Prakriti, free from duality, residing in the heart of people as the Self;
3. Remaining always as the basis of everything and in the form of everything - in that Sambhu I always take refuge.
4. For the destruction of the bond of death we meditate on HIM (Lord Krishna) who is black like the Kalaya flowers, whose form is existence, consciousness and bliss and who is interested in playing on the flute.
5. We worship that benign Goddess who always shines by the five functions, namely creation, protection, destruction, concealment and blessing.
6. Examining the Sastras with great diligence, I, Vinayaka, am composing this Sastra text named Siddhanta-Panjara 'a basket of philosophical conclusions' for my own clarification.
7. The entire world of the movable and immovable is submerged in the ocean of Atman; still people deluded by Maya do not know that.
8. Just as a man, though thirsty, abandons cold water and tries to quench his thirst in the waters of mirage,
9. The sinner out of confusion abandons the blissful Atman and plunges in the great boundless ocean (of Samsara).
10. Thinking about the residence in the womb and then the coming out of it and after being born the dependence based on ignorance,
11. then fear from the other, the father, the elders and children, and later the separation from the relatives, sons, and the wife, and also death,
12. the bodily and mental afflictions, a certain person with agitated mind, but equipped with the qualities like self-control, asks his own teacher thus:
13. 'O Lord, I wish to know who wanders in this cycle of existence and what is the nature of his connection with the cycle of existence and how?'
14. Thus requested by the disciple who is detached and desirous of liberation, the preceptor who knows the essence of the tenets of all the school of philosophy, who has experienced his inner self,
15. and who explains the real nature of self for the benefit of the people, replied to the disciple after knowing what was in his mind.
16-18. 'Mother, father, son, relatives and friends, the wife etc., the Brahman, house, fields etc., regions like the Satya and the desire to live there again and again, teachers, elders, devotion and attachment towards them always, bondage and liberation, and merits and sins and belief in them - this is called Samsara.
19. He who stands as the creator of these and the activator is called Samsarin by the learned in this world.
20. When such is the case, the visible is called Samsara and the transmigration is having the form of Samsara. It is explained below.
21. I say to you that Samsara is for the visible form of the omnipresent Supreme Self.
22. The supreme power rises in the sky of consciousness which is of the form of knowledge; it is to be considered as its natural power just like heat for fire.
23. The power will not be different from the possessor of the power. The capacity to illuminate is the Supreme Self.
24. The universe of gross form is assumed to be in its centre, just as the tree exists in the seed of the tree.
25. Even the Supreme Lord becomes perfect, because of the Supreme Power; he enters in a moment all the entities from God Shiva down to the earth.
26. It is difficult for a non-inert (sentient) to behave like an inert; know that is the freedom of Maya.
27. The Supreme Lord is free towards entities like food; he enters different entities as inert or sentient.
28. Still, the powers are different in these different entities; the power of hearing existing in the ears is not present in the eyes.
29. The olfactory power in the nose is not present in the tongue; the powers in other entities are also different in the same way; understand this.
30. Even as the Self is one, though the bodies are many, so also though the entities are different, in all of them the essence is one.
31. Therefore the entire visible objects constitute the Samsara; God who takes the contracted form is the Samsarin (embodied self). Know this.
32. The body is stated to be Samsara (transmigration) and the Self the Samsarin (transmigrator). I shall now explain the relation between the body and the embodied.
33. The body, though inert, always acts; the Self though sentient does not act at all.
34. Just as the iron acts in the presence of the magnet, in the same way the body acts only because of the presence of the sentient (Self).
35. Just as people perform their actions when the sun rises, (though) the sun is neither the agent nor the causative agent, in the same way is the great Self.
36. The piece of wood does not have at any time the power to burn and to cook, but being identified with the fire, it is able to do both.
37. In the same way the body does not have at any time the power to act and to know, but is able to do both, by being identified with the Self.
38. Just as fatness or leanness of the fire is on the basis of that piece of wood, so also is the case of the Self, because of being identified with the body.
39. The body has always got inertness because that is its nature and the Self has sentience because sentience is the nature of the Self.
40. During sound sleep all bodies become unconscious for some time. Even then the Self, which is the Supreme Self, will be conscious.
41. 'I did not know anything' - this knowledge exists even then; so also the recollection 'I slept soundly', comes later.
42. Therefore this body, though insentient, on account of the presence of the Chit (consciousness) believes as if it is the seer, the doer and the enjoyer.
43. Thus it is because of the mutual association of the body and the Self that the body becomes the knower and the agent.
44. Hence the notion of the Supreme Self who is the embodied Self 'I am'. This O student, is the relation of the identity between them, on consideration.
45. Disciple: The visible world is the Samsara (transmigration) and the Self is the transmigrator (Samsarin); the relation of identity between them is established to be Maya.
46. O Lord, you kindly explained who the Samsarin is; I would like also to hear its definition, if I am eligible.
47. Preceptor: The wise should know the Atman, triply named as Atman, Paramatman and Jivatman due to different attitudes.
48. On reflection of the world mere consciousness remains. It is verily declared as Atman by those conversant in all scriptures.
49. The space is its body inside which it is manifested spontaneously. Just as butter pervades the milk, so does the Supreme Being the space.
50. The perceptibility of milk and space is acceptable to all, (but) nowhere is the perceptibility of butter and Paramatman.
51. By churning the milk and the ocean of scriptures there would arise un-disputably the perception of these through one's own experience (of Paramatman) and by sight (of butter).
52. When the knowledge 'I am Ishvara' occurs to the embodied one by the teaching of the preceptor, one's own experience, or even by self-earned merit.
53. Then this agent, independent, of the form of light, the highest being, is termed Atman by the wise learned in the essence of all scriptures.
54. He who is of the form of luminosity by self-experience, independent, supreme lord - in him appears the great universe like a group of clouds in the sky.
55. I will now explain the nature of such a Supreme Being of the form of consciousness, absolute, auspicious, who is declared as Paramatman.
56. He who exists within and without the world in the form of consciousness is verily called Paramatman by the wise.
57. Just as there is always the inherence of salt on the surface and in the depth of water in the ocean, so also the pervasion of Atman within and without the world is eternal.
58. Just as a pot sinks in water because of the water filled in it, so also all this world verily merges in the Atman.
59. The embodied one who is uniformly omnipresent in the form of consciousness - to him, the all-pervader, there is no movement whatsoever.
60. Just as the space enclosed by the pot does not go along with the pot when it is moved, so also the embodied one does not go with the body when it goes.
61. Just as the sun moves only when the water in the pot moves, so also the omnipresent (seems to) move when the body moves.
62. Just as the space permeating the world within and without itself stays unattached and uninterrupted,
63. So also the embodied one, having pervaded the whole world by supreme intelligence, himself remains unrelated and immutable.
64. Therefore the being who, having pervaded this world remains, he is indeed named Paramatman by its knowers.
65. When due to non-discrimination, this being ascends from the cosmic body again and again and abides in this part (of the comics) i.e., the body,
66. Then it is called Jiva in the world by the knowers of the essence of all scriptures who are devoted to the welfare of the world.
67. And the embodied one who wanders in various states of waking, dream and deep sleep, as well as those of creation, preservation and destruction,
68. Always associated as Visva (the waking state), etc., in these three states as agent in them, know that as Jiva, O virtuous one.
69. And who, declaring 'this is eternal', 'let this be mine', 'let this be mine', acts in the world, know that as Jiva, O beautiful one.
70. And who, when the body perishes in the world, remaining in the subtle body, becomes the experiencer of the fruits of actions, he is called Jiva.
71. The embodied one who, in the waking state experiences worldly objects with fourteen sense organs, understand it as Jiva, O disciple.
72. Who, having become perceiver, etc., in the dream, experiences through them, again in deep sleep exists in the form of ignorance, know that as Jiva.
73. O disciple, know thus the transmigratory lord existing in three states. Having this clearly determined, what more do you want to hear?
74. Disciple: You have explained to me the three characteristics of one's self. How is the tranmigrator liberated and bound by his own deeds?
75. Preceptor: 'I am perfect', 'I am accomplished', 'I am loved', 'I am delighted', 'I am vacuous', 'I am animate'. Thus continuously.
76. Sinking in the six states, the transmigratory being is bound by his own action like a lion by a chain.
77. On the things, house, fields etc., the attitude is 'I am rich'; on the body it is 'I am thin', and on the eye 'I am having affectionate eye-balls'.
78. On intellect 'I am enjoying', with my own action. In the dreamless sleep 'I am void', and on breath 'I am breathing'.
79. Due to perpetual sense of identity with these six natural states, he is bound by these six natural states and also other states.
80. Cultivating ego-sense in the body and sense organs, the embodied one acts continually and is bound to the world by them.
81. Know that the embodied one, associated with desire, covetousness, etc., born of the sense of 'I' and 'mine' is bound by egoity.
82. The good and bad Karma done by the Jiva earlier with the previous body is indeed to be experienced here by the being.
83. And the Karma done here is experienced hereafter. Thus is the rule of the Karma of the confused Jivas.
84. Such beings rotate continually like a wheel. But there is a difference with regard to the wise who are devoted and contented.
85. The beings ascertained with intellect that the Gunas contained in the body and sense organs act only for their own enjoyment.
86. And he who does his duty thinking 'I am not the agent of the action', 'it does not pertain to me', is not bound by the action in any way.
87. The Karma earned prior to the awakening of knowledge is indeed burnt by the fire of knowledge. By no means does it become capable of giving rise to the birth of the embodied one.
88. Just as there is no sprout for a seed roasted by fire, so also the Karma of the knower of the truth will not yield birth.
89. The knower burns down all the righteous and unrighteous Karma pertaining to the period of ignorance as fire the cotton.
90. When the self-knowledge is attained, the being is not bound by acts done by him and done to him, like lotus-leaf by water.
91. Through (the operation of) speech, body and mind, a lot of Karma is being done (by beings) always, but the Yogin who is one among them is in the form of pure consciousness.
92. Being of the form of pure consciousness, the knowledge 'my speech', 'my mind' and also 'my body' is certainly producer of its own accord.
93. Then when looked into carefully the Yogin is not the agent, for, if he were the agent, always there is the defect, namely experiencing the result of what has not been done.
94. Just as the butter taken from the milk does not again become milk when thrown back into it, similarly the knower is a knower for ever.
95. Just as the cotton carried by the wind goes to the ten directions, so also the Karma of the knower.
96. The Karma of the beings who think thus does not verily cause birth. But the Karma of those who lack such a thinking leads to birth.
97. Disciple: O teacher, I wish to know the nature of Maya in order to give it up. What is abandoned without knowing, that abandonment is indeed not real abandonment.
98. That is truly abandoned which is given up having known 'this is thus'. Therefore O compassionate one, explain to me the nature of Maya.
99. Preceptor: That which endows (apparent) differentiation to beings with regard to their parts, is defined as Maya by the knowers of the essence of all scriptures.
100. That which produces diverse distinctions in the Supreme is verily called Maya by the examiners of the nature of Maya.
101. That which brings about impossible aberrations in the form of Brahman is verily called Maya by those learned in the essence of all scriptures.
102. That which appears to the intellect as having attributes in the one devoid of all attributes, as duality in the non-dual, is called Maya.
103. (The notion of) reality in the unreal is determined as Maya and that of unreality in the real is accounted for by the same; how it happens is explained (below).
104. A snake in the rope and silver in the shell appear even in the mind of the being who knows (the truth).
105. Although the rope and the shell are real, the snake and the silver which are unreal, appear in them.
106. Then again, on the unreal serpent and silver the knowledge that 'this is rope', 'this is nacre' is dawned.
107. In this body which is unreal, resolved as one's own, both the notion 'I am the body' and the true knowledge arise.
108. In the consciousness which is of the nature of reality and in God of the same nature, non-reality, non-consciousness and absence of supremacy appear.
109. Karma is said to be of two kinds - Vaidic and Tantric. Purity of speech, mind and body is the actual result of the two.
110. Unreality is attributed by all to the result which is real and reality is attributed to Anima, etc., which are unreal.
111. Also, reality is imagined in the heaven, etc., which are unreal. Such an assumption is determined as Maya in the world.
112. All these are not reasonable, but always appear; the unreasonable yet manifested object is called unreal.
113. Falsity, the Primordial, the unmanifested, the indestructible, darkness, knowledge and ignorance are proclaimed as synonyms of Maya.
114. Maya is held to be of two kinds - pure and impure. That of the form of transmigration is impure, (while) that which removes transmigration is pure.
115. Of these two, the nature of the impure Maya has been described by me. Now I will speak of the nature of the pure one for the release of oneself from bondage.
116. Interest in study, in association with the virtuous, in Mantra-Sastra, Japa, respect for the preceptor, oblation and worship are known as pure Maya.
117. For the beings of the nature of pure Maya, for the devoted and for the wise, the knowledge of reality arises through proper practice.
118-119(a). On the attainment of knowledge, the devotion of the knower becomes perfect; and living on the earth, appears as mad, dumb or inert.
119(b)-120. The knower because of contrary qualities is not one among those people who are possessed of desire, anger, etc., passionate and unrestrained just as a swan is different from cows due to difference in qualities.
121. The pure Maya makes the transmigration reject the embodied who moves about to experience the (results of) actions which have begun to operate.
122. Having bestowed final release from the body to the blessed one, Maya then extinguishes itself for lack of substratum.
123. It has been shown by me in many ways to refute each of those whose scriptures conclude that there is no Maya.
124. Disciple: The nature of Maya narrated by you is indeed knowledge. How does that (Maya) remove the transmigration which is unreal?
125. How does the Maya which is unreal give rise to the release which is real? You may please remove this doubt remaining in my mind.
126. Preceptor: O disciple, just as the unreal dream cognition 'I am a Chandala' occurred all of a sudden to the pure noble Brahmin.
127. Then in front of this Chandala, who was a thief in the forest, appeared a lion possessing a body as huge as a mountain,
128. Seeing that unreal mighty lion, the Brahmin agitated with fear, woke up abandoning the state of being a Chandala,
129. Just as the lion which is unreal removed the state of being Chandala, so also, the Maya which is unreal certainly removes transmigration.
130. Just as the face reflected in a mirror, though itself unreal, makes the real face known,
131. So also the pure Maya which is unreal reveals to the pure-minded mortals the self which is of the form of reality.
132. Thus when Karma diminishes, the Mahamaya, which is pure and impure, gives beings the liberation, which is of the form of the destruction of Maya itself.
133. Just as in the world the fire in the wood perishes because of the destruction of the wood, so also in the world Maya perishes because of the lack of substratum.
134. Having understood well our doctrine and fixing this in mind and rejecting other doctrines, move about with ease.
135. Disciple: Master, the all-powerful Lord, I desire to hear in brief the tenets of all the schools of philosophy. Graciously tell me everything soon.
136. Preceptor: On careful observation (we note that) there are two kinds of philosophy in this world - the Vedic and the non-Vedic. Know this distinction.
137. Tarka, Samkhya and Mimamsa - these three are Vedic, since they are found to be based on the Vedas, when examined carefully.
138. Lokayata, Arhata (Jain) and Bauddha are the three non-Vedic Schools, since they are based on (mere) statements. Thus there are six schools.
139. The foremost among non-Vedic is the materialist Charvaka, criticizing all opponents. It accepts only perception as the means of valid knowledge, the other Pramanas being included in it.
140. 'Food is that which removes hunger, because it is food, unlike non-food' - this type of inference is only perception.
141. Perception is the source of other Pramanas, hence for those with discriminative intelligence perception alone is sufficient.
142. Air, fire, water and earth - these four are the objects of knowledge; there is no ether at all.
143-144. Deities like Brahma, regions like the heaven and merit, sin etc., which are not perceptible do not exist since they are not known through the means of valid knowledge (i.e., perception). Therefore only that which is known through Pramana is here accepted as object of knowledge.
145. The body alone is the knower, since there is the experience 'I am fat', 'I am lean', and the body is the substratum of life.
146. Just as by combining betel leaf, areca-nut and churna (calcium carbonate), a red colour is formed, so also by the combination of the (four) elements life is produced.
147. The four elements can naturally appear in the form of the body and disappear also as the body, again and again.
148. For people wealth and pleasure form the values of life (Purusarthas); heavenly enjoyment is sumptuous feast and the company of young girls (of sixteen years).
149-150. Final liberation is said to be death and bondage is life. The Agnihotra ritual, the Vedas, the triple Tripundra (mark on the forehead), the smearing (of ash) etc., are said to be the means of livelihood for the fools who cannot use their intelligence. This is the essence of their tenets.
151. Having understood well this theory of the materialist Charvaka, now listen O pupil, to the tenets of the Arhatas (Jains), next in the order, which is also to be given up.
152. Means of valid knowledge are considered to be two according to them, perception and inference; the objects of knowledge are those obtained by these Pramanas and are given (below).
153. There is something different from the body; it is the knower. According to some the knower is the life (Jiva), atomic in nature.
154. Just as the atoms of the flames of a light reveal objects like the pot nearby, in the same way the knower reveals the entire body.
155. Merit, demerit etc., exist, so also regions like the heaven. The Agnihotra ritual and the like are demerits (Adharma), since they involve violence.
156. Meritorious acts consist of wearing peacock feathers, avoiding other dresses, cutting off the hair, taking to alms and continence.
157. Obeisance to the Arhat sage, Yogic practices in the midst of the five fires, vows, fasting, disciplined life, pure ablution etc.
158. Vedas are not valid means of knowledge, since they are not the words of a reliable person; hence the rituals ordained by the Vedas are only apparently meritorious.
159. The wise should perform sacrifice by (killing) animals and eat the remaining flesh and in the Sautramani sacrifice he should drink Sura liquor for the purification of the body.
160. 'One should have sexual union with one's wife during the proper period daily (after the menses)' - these are the types of sentences one finds in the first part (of the Vedas).
161. 'No animal should be killed, meat should not be eaten, Sura liquor should not be taken and one should not approach a woman out of lust'.
162. Such sentences are found in the latter part of the Vedas. When such is the case, I shall give a special inference:
163. 'Vedas are not authoritative for all in deciding what is true and what is false, because they are self-contradictory, like the words of a mad man'.
164. 'The human skull is pure. Because it is part of a living being, like the conch'. - Such inferential sentences can be used towards the Vedic people.
165. This universe consisting of the existent and the non-existent is produced by the atoms; it has many-sided reality - realizing this one may obtain liberation.
166. The many-sidedness of reality is obtained through the sevenfold points of view. I shall explain the points of view of the seven modes, very difficult for the debaters.
167. When asked by the virtuous and non-attached pupil as to whether this universe consisting of the animate and the inanimate does exist, the perfect teacher tells him thus:
168. That which has birth etc., will have an end; hence it is not certain that this universe has existence.
169. 'Does it not exist then?' thus asked, the teacher says, 'Since it is always being experienced it is not certain that it does not exist'.
170. 'Sir, is it inexpressible?' - thus being asked, he says, 'Since it is being expressed by words like pot, it is not certain that it is inexpressible'.
171. Later when asked by the great pupil who knows the Pramanas, 'Is the universe both existent and non-existent', he replies:
172. 'The words "exist" and "does not exist" cannot apply to the same case; therefore it is not certain that it is both existent and non-existent.'
173. '(Do you mean that) it exists, but is indescribable?' Thus asked, he tells him, 'Since the universe is an effect, its non-existence is assumed'.
174. 'But it is also certain that it can be described as blue, yellow, etc. Hence it is not certain that it exists, but is indescribable.'
175-176. 'Is it then non-existent and indescribable?' Being asked thus by the intelligent student, that teacher tells him, 'I am not definite about that. Since it is being experienced, it is not definite that it does not exist'.
177. 'The universe is not understood as non-existent and indescribable; O teacher can it be that it is both existent and non-existent, as well as indescribable?'
178. Thus being asked by the pupil, the teacher replies, 'By the arguments already given it is clear that it cannot be definitely stated to be thus'.
179. 'It is not definite that it is existent, non-existent and indescribable. Thus by the seven modes of the points of view, reality is shown to be many-sided'.
180. Hence speakers should not consider that there is only one point of view. Thus having a clear knowledge and with the help of Yogic practices and by meritorious actions, as well as the grace of the teacher.
181. A man attains liberation which is always a movement upwards. This is the essence of the teachings.
182(a). At the stage when proper consideration is not made, this is assumed to be good.
182(b). Thus understanding properly the tenets of the Jaina school,
183. Now listen to the views of the Buddhists for avoiding any confusion in the mind. This (Buddhist) view is assumed to be fourfold on the basis of the (four) different disciples (of the Buddha).
184. Of these Madhyamika is the eldest, Yogachara is the second, the third disciple is held to be Sautrantika,
185. and the fourth is Vibhasika. This is the order of sequence of the disciples. Their views on the Pramana are like those of the Jains; so also (their views) on the Vedas.
186. On other topics there is difference; I shall tell their nature. Among them Madhyamika considers the knower to be of the nature of void.
187. What is true is that which remains when all the senses cease to operate; and the elimination of (the working of) the senses is only in deep sleep for all beings.
188. The appearance at that time is only for the void, to be sure. To one who is in deep sleep, there is (the feeling known from) recollection 'I am vacuous'.
189. Hence to those with discrimination, the knower is of the nature of void. And in all schools of thought it is said that the knower is the substratum of the knowledge.
190. The Pramana is void, because of the relationship of the substratum and the object (between the knower and the knowledge). The Pramana has production and destruction again and again.
191. And this feature is not for the Real; hence it is concluded that Pramana is void. The object of Pramana is considered to be Prameya.
192(a). Therefore, considering the arguments given above, the objects of knowledge is also void.
192(b)-193. It is because of the lack of thought that all people have always the experience of reality in them, though it is definite that they are unreal just as Maya is assumed to be indescribable (Durghata).
194. So also indescribability is assumed for this phenomenal power (Samvrita Sakti). It is due to this power that the feeling of reality is produced.
195-197. Hence it is concluded that all the three beginning with the knower (i.e., the knower, the knowledge and the objects) are void. To the good one who serves, through mind, body and action, the sage named Sugata, the teacher of philosophical tenets worshipped through the five judgments, liberation in the form of complete void, is obtained through great effort when his vacuous mind has calmed down. This is the conclusion of Sage Buddha, who proclaims the reality for the void.
198. Now understand the conclusions of the other Buddhists. According to them there is the ideation store (Alaya Vijnana) and Prakasadvaya.
199. The knower is not a void; it is a higher being different from the body; because of the common parlance of all people 'This is my body'.
200. And because of the inference, 'The body is not the self, because it is visible, like the pot' and when the body is dead, it becomes inert; and also because of the experience 'I am born'.
201. It is assumed that the ideation store is different from the body. The void may be blue or yellow, but the knowledge of that is itself void.
202. The knower who is the substratum for the two is also void; thus on consideration, the void is known through knowledge itself.
203. It is this that is proclaimed in the Sastras as the ideation store; it is destroyed every moment and also appears every moment.
204-205(a). This is like a flame and its permanence is also similar. Just as in a running stream, there seems to be permanence, for all people the appearance in knowledge is also in the same manner.
205(b)-206. For the three schools of Buddhists, the objects of knowledge consist of five Skandhas: form (Rupa), intelligence (Vijnana) and feeling (Vedana) and name (Samjna) and volitional dispositions (Samskaras) as the fifth.
207. Rupaskandha is to be known as the objects are the sense organs; the knowledge about the objects and the sense organs is Vijnanaskandha.
208-209. Pleasure, pain and delusion are called the Vedanaskandha. Perception is of the form of knowledge associated with the name, attributes, actions and the universal. The Samjnaskandha is described by the Buddhists as having five-fold conception. The name is in different ways as cow, elephant, man etc.
210. Whiteness etc., are the attributes, 'I am standing' etc., are the actions and 'manliness' etc., are assumed as the universal by the Buddhists.
211-212(a). Qualified concepts are considered to be 'having horns', 'having four feet', 'having a tail' etc. Speed, circling and elasticity are said to form Samskara-skandha by those well-versed in the five Skandhas.
212(b)-213. Speed is like that of the arrow etc.; circling is assumed to be that of the birch tree bark. Elasticity is spoken by the Buddhists as that of the branches etc. Thus the definitions of the five Skandhas are given.
214. These due to the actions of the living beings and by nature at every moment make integration and disintegration by the division of the body and the embodied.
215. Therefore for those who discriminate there is no self (Atman) apart from those. All this is also submerged in the continuity of ideas.
216. Therefore all knowledge is in the mind and has no external basis; the sun, the moon, the sky, the constellations, the earth,
217. the rivers, the oceans, the mountains - all are the products of knowledge. This universe remains inside (the mind) in the form of knowledge and it is ephemeral.
218. Then it appears as permanent and external. What is internal appears as external. Because what is internal has become external it does not appear as internal also.
219. On the power of the mistaken notion of permanence for the unsteady again and again, everything shines inside even after the objects are forgotten.
220. Thus it is established that the Universe remains well within the mind for the Sautrantika student as well as for the Vaibhasika student.
221-222. This is the one difference, everything else is common between them. For both this entire universe, both internal and external are mental. The internal is known through perception and the external through inference and both are always ephemeral.
223-224. The bloating of the seed, sprouting, its becoming a tree, having leaves and flowers and then having fruits - if this is steadiness, then the world will not have the six-fold transformation; the body will not have steadiness.
225-226. If time is taken to be permanent, its threefold distinction cannot exist; if knowledge is permanent, the difference in cognition as blue, yellow, red and white will not appear separately. What is the use of explaining at length? It is established that everything is impermanent.
227. On consideration, there is a difference in the case of the Vaibhasika student. The external cannot be inferred at any time.
228. The cognition of the external world as 'this' always comes as immediate (Aparoksa). Hence the external world can never be cognised through inference.
229-230. Thus understanding with the help of authoritative texts, doing one's own duty, always serving the teacher and the Lord Buddha at all times and with his grace coming to understand the meaninglessness of all, by performing the virtuous habit of worshipping at the Chaityas and the silent muttering of Buddhist Mantras,
231. Since by establishing that the Vedic Mantras have no authority and obtaining the chain of knowledge, one gets final Release. There is no doubt in that.
232(a). Thus there will be final Release for the three (other than Madhyamika). This is the essence of the theory.
232(b)-234. Thus considering the Buddha's view carefully again and again and knowing it fully, reject it and listen to the views of Kanada. To him there are six objects of experience (Padarthas) - substance, quality, activity, generality, particularity and inherence. Substances are substrates of qualities and are classified into nine.
235. The nine substances are the (five) elements (earth, water, fire, air and ether), space, time, soul and mind. Among them the eighth substance is proclaimed to be the soul (or self).
236. Since it is the knower, I shall tell you its definition. It is different from the body etc., is eternal, all pervading and is not 'inert'.
237. It is to be understood by the experience of 'I' and exists in each body separately; it is subordinate to God and exists thus in many ways.
238. According to Kanada the other substances and the five other objects like quality are called objects of knowledge: The means of valid cognition (for him) are the same as for the Buddhists.
239. That which is here known is to be logically inferred. Quality has no activity and exists in the nine substances.
240-241. As regards quality, it exists in twenty-four forms: colour, taste, odour, touch, number, then dimension, separateness, conjunction, then again disjunction, distance, proximity and so also,
242. Gravity, fluidity, viscidity, then intellect, pleasure, pain, desire, aversion, then again
243. effort, virtue and vice, impression (Samskara) and then sound. These are the twenty-four types (of quality).
244-246. Among the nine substances given above the qualities exist in different ways. Colour, taste, odour, touch, number, then dimension, separateness, conjunction, then disjunction, distance, proximity, conditional fluidity and gravity and then impression are stated by the wise as the qualities of Earth (Prithivi).
247-251(a). These, minus odour, plus viscidity, are the qualities of water. Colour, touch, number, dimension, then separateness, conjunction, disjunction, then distance and proximity, then impression and conditional fluidity are considered as the qualities of Fire. Touch, conjunction, disjunction, then distance, proximity, speed and impression - these are said to be the qualities of Air by those learned in all Shastras.
251(b)-253. Number, dimension, separateness and conjunction and disjunction and sound - these are the qualities of Ether. Number, dimension, separateness, then conjunction and disjunction are considered to be the qualities of Time. The qualities of Space are also the same, when the real nature of space is considered.
254-255. Number, dimension, separateness, then conjunction and disjunction, then intellect, pleasure and pain, desire, aversion, effort, virtue and vice and impression (Samskara) are proclaimed to be the qualities of the self by those who know the truth.
256-257. Number, dimension, separateness, then conjunction and disjunction, distance and proximity, speed and impression are the qualities of the mind. The nine qualities beginning with intellect remain in the Self as specific qualities.
258. The quality of Ether is said to be sound; the quality of Air is touch, that of Fire is colour, that of Water is taste and that of Earth odour.
259. These qualities are undoubtedly specific to the elements. So also the qualities of space, time and mind are also specific.
260-261. Thus the distribution of qualities is described in detail. The five types of activity are said by the wise to be throwing upwards, throwing downwards, motion, expansion and contraction. Generality is said to be of two kinds, higher and lower.
262-263. The higher generality is Existence; the other (lower) is substance-ness etc. Individuality or specification is the differentiative cause existing separately in all the beings existing in this world. Inherence is here said to be the eternal relationship.
264-265. The atoms (Paramanus) are of four kinds Earthy, Watery, Fiery and Airy. Through the stages of diads etc., the universe is produced and they are stated to be eternal. It is not possible, on consideration, that they are natural.
266. Therefore due to God's will the atoms produce the four elements, eternal and ephemeral, beginning with Earth.
267. On consideration the other five substances, Ether etc., are eternal only. Virtue, wealth, pleasure and liberation are called the (four) aims of existence (of people).
268. Of these wealth and pleasure are to be desired, if they are not in contradiction with virtue. Virtue consists of acts like Agnihotra (daily offerings in the sacred fire) and worship of God.
269. Liberation is the breaking away (of the soul) from the nine qualities through a knowledge of the true nature of the six categories. Tradition (Agama) is that by which the meaning conveyed by the scriptures is understood.
270. The Vedas are created by God and are Pramana because of that, i.e., since the Vedas form the words of a reliable Person, their validity is not.
271. Since the Vedas, God and knowledge about them can be acquired through inference, they are valid; their validity is not self-borne.
272. The cause-ness is to be inferred through the mark in the effect and not otherwise. The (material) cause for the production of this universe is the atoms.
273. The agent cause is God, just as the potter for the production of the pot. The (material) cause for the production of the pot is determined to be the clay;
274. And on consideration the potter is only the agent. This is the conclusion of Kanada (the Vaisesika), in brief.
275. After hearing this carefully, now listen to the views of the Naiyayika. To this school, the means of valid cognition are the four beginning with Perception.
276. The assumption of a knower, the assumption of his inertness, the assumption that he can be understood through the notion of 'I', and the
277. assumption that he is different from God and that he is different from the intellect, the senses and the body,
278. and the assumption of the plurality and eternality of the knower (Atman), the assumption of the objects of knowledge, some eternal and some non-eternal,
279. the assumption that the Vedas are the words of a reliable Person and that the atoms are the cause for the production of the universe,
280. and that God is the agent-cause for the production of the universe and the assumption of virtue (Dharma) etc., and of darkness - all these are as in the case of (the views of) Kanada.
281. Aksapada does not accept particularity; to him there are sixteen categories; means of valid knowledge, object of valid knowledge, doubt, purpose,
282. familiar instance, established tenet, members of syllogism, confutation, ascertainment, discussion, wrangling,
283. cavil, fallacy, quibble, futility and occasion for rebuke - these are the sixteen categories.
284-285. By the correct knowledge of these (categories), wrong notions will be removed; that (in turn) removes defects like attachment (to the agreeable) etc. From that comes the annihilation of (the results of) virtuous and vicious actions and that leads to the (cycles of) existence continuously in various births.
286-287. Thus there will be final liberation gradually; this is the essence of the tenets (of Aksapada). One school of Nyaya generally accepts these tenets; but regarding liberation there is a difference. It is not merely the annihilation of pain, but also the production of pleasure. And there are three kinds of means of valid knowledge.
288. Thus understanding the Tarka view, now listen to the views of the Samkhyas. Samkhya is of two types, atheistic and theistic.
289. For both of them Perception, Inference and Scriptures are the three means of valid cognition; the cogniser is considered to be the self (Purusha).
290. Who is eternally existent and never destroyed; he is always without object (Visaya). He will never be the agent, because he undergoes no change.
291. Transformation will take place for Prakriti which is omnipresent. Among the valid means of cognition, the scriptures are self-valid.
292. Since the scriptures are the statements of reliable persons, they are not eternal; but undoubtedly they are Pramanas both to the Mimamsakas and the Samkhyas.
293. Dharmas are injunctive (as for the performance) of Agnihotra etc., and prohibitive like restraint (of the senses) etc.
294. Restraint, observance, posture, regulation of breath, then abstraction of the senses, concentration,
295-296(a). meditation and trance are accepted as the eight accessories of Yoga. Of these restraint (Yama) is stated to be non-violence (abstinence from injury), truthfulness, abstinence from theft, continence, pity, straightforwardness, abstinence from avariciousness etc.
296(b). The observances (Niyama) are penance (purificatory acts), cleanliness, contentment etc.
297. Posture (Asana) consists of Svastika, Gomukha, Padma etc. Regulation of breath is three-fold as Rechaka etc. (Puraka and Kumbhaka - exhaling, inhaling and keeping in the breath).
298. The abstraction of the senses (Pratyahara) is the restraining of the senses from external objects according to those who know it.
299. Concentration (Dharana) is said to be the concentration of the breath at the proper places. Meditation is the (concentrated) thought on Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva and other deities.
300. Cognitive trance (Samadhi) is the steadiness of the mind through meditation. These are the right accessories of Yoga as explained by the learned.
301. Yoga is said to be the restraining of the activities of the mind. The result of Yoga is also declared to be twofold:
302. Those based on wisdom and those based on delusion. Their definitions are given below. Of these those based on wisdom are non-attachment, devotion and real knowledge.
303. At the first stage of Yogic attainment comes freedom from all diseases. One always desires to see oneself as identical with one's self.
304. At the second stage the Yogin will have poetic ability in all languages; at the third stage he gets a divine body which will not be affected by Vyalas or tigers.
305. At the fourth stage comes the absence of fear from hunger, thirst, sleep, cold and heat; undoubtedly he becomes the owner of a divine body, capable of hearing from far.
306. At the fifth stage is the attainment of the power of words and the capacity to (leave one's body and) enter another body. At the sixth stage one cannot be cut by weapons or broken by the thunderbolt.
307. At the seventh stage one gets omniscience. At the eighth stage he becomes similar to god and himself becomes the creator and destroyer.
308. Many Yogic attainments like these accrue to the Yogin. These are spoken of by the great masters as based on delusion (Maya).
309. According to the atheistic Samkhya, knowledge is said to be real; hence on consideration there is no knowledge in the form of doubt or error.
310. Therefore knowledge is of two types - grasping and recollecting. Error is only the lack of understanding of the difference (between the true and the apparent).
311. The Supreme Purusha remains separately in 84,00,000 beings with distinctions as gods, animals and human beings.
312. The plurality of selves (Purushas) is also established. By virtue one attains heaven and by sin one goes to hell.
313-314. When virtue and sin are equally balanced, one attains the human life. On deep consideration there are only twenty-five principles (Tattvas) beginning with Purusha; the world is created by them. This is proclaimed by the authorities of the Samkhya thought as the objects of knowledge (Prameya).
315. What is well-known as the Mahat principle (the intellect) is fully based on Maya (the delusion). Three kinds of I-Principle (Ahamkara) are well produced from it. The three forms of the I-Principle are (a) Vaikrita when dominated by the Sattva-Guna, (b) Bhutadi when dominated by the Guna of Tamas and (c) Taijasa when dominated by the Guna of Rajas.
316. From the I-Principle, together with the delusion, the five Tanmatras are produced - sound, touch, colour, taste and odour in that order.
317. They are the objects of the senses of perception, they are also the attributes of the (five) elements. From sound arose ether; together with that, from touch arose air.
318. From those two and colour arose fire; from these together with taste arose water and from these and odour arose earth. So say the learned.
319-320. One, two, three and four Gunas are for ether etc., respectively. For these the presiding deities are said to be Sadashiva, Isa, Rudra, Vishnu and Brahma respectively by those well-versed in Samkhya philosophy. From the Sattvika type of I-Principle come the internal organs of knowledge.
321. The mind, intellect, I-Principle and consciousness are the internal organs; doubt, determinative knowledge, pride and recollection - these are the objects.
322. The moon, Prajapati, Rudra and Kshetrajna (the self) are the deities. The ear, the skin, the eyes, the tongue and the nose are known as the five sensory organs (organs of cognition).
323. The space, air, the sun, Varuna and Nasatya are said to be the deities. From the Rajas dominated I-Principle arise the organs of action and the air.
324. The organs of action are voice, hands, feet and the organs of excretion and generation. Their functions are speech, grasping, motion, excretion and (sexual) enjoyment.
325. Their deities are Fire, Indra, Upendra, Mrityu and Prajapati. The breaths are Prana, Apana, Samana, Vyana and Udana.
326. (Also) Naga, Kurma, Krikala, Devadatta and Dhananjaya. The Prana and Apana are mutually obstructive.
327. Just as the Prana (vital breath) moves upwards, the Apana moves downwards. When the bodily fire kindles for digestion,
328. The Samana breath takes the juices released after digestion. The Vyana breath pervades throughout the body from head to foot.
329. The Udana breath moves along with the Prana and is the cause for the winking of the eyes. The Naga is responsible for producing belching; the Kurmaka makes the eyes (expelled by it) open.
330. Krikala is responsible for producing hunger, Devadatta produces yawning (exhaled in yawning); the Dhananjaya produces in the body various kinds of these (nourishments).
331-332. Since it is a worldly breath, it does not leave the body of the dead. The selves and the categories pertaining to Prakriti - with these Purusha produces and sustains everything in order. Purusha who is unchangeable and eternal is different from the evaluates of Prakriti.
333. Purusha is the agent cause, while Prakriti is (material) cause. The relation between them is not like that of the potter in the production of the pot.
334. Liberation is the understanding of distinction between Purusha and Prakriti through the (discriminative) knowledge by means of (the practice of) Yoga. This in brief is the conclusion.
335-336. The theistic Samkhya has some difference. There is the Supreme Purusha distinct from the selves; this is of three kinds as Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. Thus on consideration there are twenty-six categories here.
337. On the consideration of the real facts, there are experiences like error. Since knowledge is in the form of truth, intellectual knowledge has no defect.
338. The Supreme Purusha is changeless. Ishvara is the Purusha who is uncontaminated by the vehicles of affliction, action, fruition etc., (at any time, past, present or future).
339. Afflictions (Kleshas) are stated to be five: ignorance, egotism, desire, aversion and tenacity of mundane existence.
340. Action consists of meritorious and sinful acts, fruition (Vipaka) consists of the fruit of actions (pursuing those who commit them).
341. The (individual) self free from these, through constant devotion to the Supreme Purusha, through Yogic practices with discriminative knowledge and observing the form of the Supreme, attains the same form as that (of the Supreme Self) and this is called Liberation.
342. This is the difference, all other things are similar, in the case of theistic Samkhya. This is the essence of the conclusions (of the Samkhya system).
343. Considering well, for the clarification of the mind, this thesis of dualism on the part of Samkhya, together with the tenets of the Yoga system, now listen to the doctrines of the Mimamsaka.
344. Because of the (attempt at) demonstration of proving the non-validity of the Veda by the Bauddhas and others, Mimamsa sets forth to prove its validity.
345. It is composed of three sections on the basis of the qualifications of the eligible ones. It consists of twenty chapters; its division is explained (below).
346. The first section is made up of twelve chapters and the middle and the last sections four chapters each.
347. The author of the Sutras of the first section is Jaimini. Sabara is the commentator. Hence the commentary is named Sabara-Bhasya.
348. In the first chapter the validity of the Veda denied by the Bauddhas and others is established by the sage with the help of spiritual evidence and reasoning.
349. In the second chapter the different kinds of injunctions (Vidhi) are established with the help of scriptural passages and reasoning. The auxiliary and principal nature (Sesasesitva) of injunctions is determined in the third chapter.
350. The auxiliary and principal nature of the agent (Purusha) and sacrifice (Ijya) is established in the fourth. The order of sequence of the performance (of sacrifice) is settled in the fifth chapter.
351. And in the sixth is well discussed the qualifications of the performer. Thus the 'six-chaptered one' (Sadadhyayi) deals with the primary sacrifices (Prakriti).
352. Whatever is effected in the primary sacrifice is also to be effected in the secondary (Vikriti); this is discussed in general (Samanyatidesha) in the seventh chapter.
353. The eighth chapter deals with the same in particular (Visesatidesha). The modification (Uha) of acts is taught by the sage in the ninth chapter.
354. Exclusion (Badha) is explained in the tenth chapter as the suspension of acts. Centralisation (Tantra) is mentioned in the eleventh chapter and extended application (Prasanga) in the twelfth.
355. Thus the twelve-chaptered text (Dvadasadhyayi) is composed by Sabara Svamin for the accomplishment of only the Vedic acts.
356. That Bhasya was clearly explained by (Kumarila) Bhattapada and Guru (Prabhakara) separately, with difference of opinion; it is now summarized.
357. Regarding the knower (Pramatir), means of valid knowledge (Pramana) and objects of knowledge (Prameya), there is always dispute between them.
358. Perception etc., are indeed the five means of valid knowledge acknowledged by Prabhakara. These, along with non-apprehension (Abhava) are six means of valid knowledge accepted by the Bhattas.
359. According to Prabhakaraguru the cognition of absence does not exist. Moreover, darkness (Tamas) is not a separate substance. It is only the absence of light (Aloka).
360. All knowledge is always true. Error (Bhranti) and doubt (Samsaya) are not distinct means (of valid knowledge) because on reflection,
361. these cognitions are merely of the nature of non-discrimination. According to the wise, recognition (Pratyabhijna) is contained in perception.
362. The existence of pot etc., is known already. Since it (recognition) makes known the previously known existence, it is considered as mere apprehension.
363-364. Knowledge is two-fold: apprehension (Grahana) and remembrance (Smriti). There is spontaneous self-luminosity of these two (kinds of) knowledge; the knower, as in the system of Vaisesika and others, is eternal, omnipresent and sentient.
365. The knower is the substratum of qualities like intellection (Buddhi), different from body etc., of the nature of agent (Kartir), enjoyer (Bhoktir) and wanders in the world due to Karma.
366. In the experience 'I know (the pot)', the knowledge manifests itself. So also the pot as the content of the cognition and the knower as the substratum of that knowledge. To be the knower is not otherwise since knowledge is dependent on it.
367. Because it is the object of the knowledge, it is taken as knowable (Prameya). Thus states Guru (Prabhakara), the upholder of the doctrine of the tripartite perception (Triputipratyaksavadin).
368. The object of the sacrifice etc., is named 'prompting force' (Niyoga). It is called Apurva because it is not ascertainable by other means of valid knowledge (other than Sabda).
369. It is termed 'something to be effected' (Karya) because it is to be effected through action. Likewise it is 'principal' (Pradhana) as it is the chief object of action.
370. Because it gives the result of heaven etc., to the person performing it, it is not to be considered as lacking freedom when thus considered.
371. To one who was defeated at the hands of one's enemy and went away abandoning the kingdom, his servant returned the kingdom after killing the enemy in the battlefield.
372. To the servant who had been forced to work by the king, wealth came and was given by him (to the king); this does not make the king inferior.
373. There may be difference in the form in what is different. The Dharma does not depend on something else. This doctrine of Prabhakara Guru is declared thus.
374. There is eternity for the Veda and its validity is self-evident. Also of the Upanishads and Mantras,
375. The validity of the eulogistic statements (Arthavada) does not exist at all times. Their validity as statements secondary to injunctions is accepted sometimes.
376-377. Validity of Itihasas and Puranas is certain. Eternity, absence of creatorship, reality and multiplicity of the worlds of heaven, earth and hell are maintained. Because of the ascertainment of the existence of form etc., of deities,
378. Mantras refer only to the dative endings of words (signifying the deity) according to both Prabhakara and Kumarila Bhatta and to (the performance of) Agnihotra etc.
379. According to Bhatta, non-apprehension is a means of valid knowledge and through it non-existence (Abhava) becomes an object of apprehension. It is of five kinds:
380. absolute non-existence (Atyantabhava), prior non-existence (Pragabhava), non-existence on destruction (Pradhvamsabhava), mutual non-existence (Anyonyabhava)
381. and associative non-existence (Samsargabhava) are mentioned as objects (of non-apprehension). Among them hare's horn etc., are absolute non-existence.
382. Prior non-existence is that which exists prior to the creation of pot etc. Non-existence by destruction is that belonging to the period after destruction.
383. Mutual non-existence is that of pot etc., from clothness. Because of the non-apprehension of outside of the objects which are inside,
384. their non-existence is that of absence of association. These are proclaimed the objects of non-apprehension.
385. Darkness (Tamas) is a distinct substance and not mere absence of light, because of the scriptural statement 'in the beginning there was darkness covered with darkness'.
386. Knowledge is declared to be five-fold: true and erroneous knowledge, doubt, recognition and memory. The twofold classification is not approved of.
387. Mimamsa sets about to impart ascertained meaning to those people whose thoughts are filled with doubt and whose minds are perplexed.
388. There is reality for the knowledge which is of the form of doubt and error. The existence of these bits of knowledge is approved by all.
389. The knower is held to be of the nature of substance and consciousness. He is sentient as he is of a nature different from the object of knowledge.
390. And being the substratum of qualities it is assumed to be a substance. Thus the substantiality and sentience of the knowledge is established.
391. The substance which is the substratum of knowledge is not difference from knowledge; hence it is not different from knowledge and logical reasoning.
392. Light is the cause (of revelation) and the sun is the cause of that; hence the sun is not different from the light. It is similar.
393. It is maintained that only because of the identification of the insentient with the sentient, the cognisability of the self occurs in the notion 'I'.
394. There is cognisability of the prior knowledge by a subsequent knowledge. By this there is no infinite regress and there is no further desire of knowing.
395. 'This is a pot' is knowable by the reflective cognition 'I know the pot'. Similar is the case everywhere.
396-398. The purpose of injunctive statement is not Niyoga, but 'effecting' (Bhavana). Know that it comprises of three factors: what is to be effected, by what it is to be effected and how it is to be effected. This is known as the opinion of the preceptor, Guru (Prabhakara) also.
399. Both the parties hold that liberation is abiding in one's true nature and that it is attained through rituals. Its nature is explained (below).
400-402. Since further demerit accrues to the one who repeatedly performs prohibited acts (Prati-Siddha) and the acts aimed at the fulfillment of desires (Kamya), to the person who performs only daily (Nitya) and obligatory occasional (Naimittika) acts and exhausts the potency of former acts by experiencing them, liberation occurs to such a person of rituals. This abiding in one's true nature is termed Moksha.
403. Having heard and borne in mind the doctrine of the Karma Mimamsa, O virtuous one, hear now the doctrine of the Madhya Mimamsa.
404. (They are) devoted to Brahman possessing attributes (Saguna Brahman) and engage in the worship of deities. According to the Madhya Mimamsa, the knower is indeed the individual being.
405-406. The visible world is the knowable and the means of valid knowledge are eight-fold. The Supreme Self is other than the individual being, is eternally liberated, self-luminous, of the nature of omnipresence and always possessing form like the sun. He, out of compassion, creates, protects and dissolves quickly.
407. Just as the world comes to light thus by the brilliance of the sun, so also the entire world shines continually by His light.
408. Liberation in the form of residence in the same world etc., (Salokya) occurs to the eternally bound being devoted to His worship only by his grace, not otherwise.
409. Among those who are named Pasupatas those who are Mahavratadharas, Kalamukhas, Jangamas and also the Saktas and the Vaishnavas,
410. there is difference in the form of the deity; the rest is similar. Attached to the sacred formula (Mantra) and mystic rites (Tantra) regardless of one's own true nature, they strive forever to disgrace one another with the aid of scriptural authority and reasoning.
411. This is the summary of the doctrines of these (sects) confused on account of their attachment to action (Karma).
412. (The followers of) the Uttara Mimamsa, on the other hand, is devoted to the worship of his own self. Samkaracharya, the great thinker is the author of its Bhasya.
413. The author of its Sutras is the great sage Veda Vyasa. It is maintained that the knower (Pramata) is the individual self, the knowable is indeed the visible world. Its conception of the means of knowledge is similar to that of Kumarila Bhatta.
414-415. The true principle of the form of existence, consciousness and bliss is indeed the Absolute Brahman. There is no accessibility through the means of knowledge to Brahman who is of the nature of experience. The knowability of the Supreme Self is an immediate experience to those liberated even while living (Jivanmuktas).
416. 'I am of the form of existence, consciousness and bliss' - such is the knowability by immediate experience in their own lotus-heart by the wise.
417-418. The state of Brahman is certain to the being who has immediate experience. Just as the pot illuminated by a lamp is not capable of illuminating the lamp, so also the means of valid knowledge (in the case of) the Supreme Self.
419. Without depending on the conscious self even the cognition of absence is nowhere manifested because of the nature of being insentient. How could indeed objects like the pot, the bell etc., becomes manifest?
420. If there is indivisibility of this self of the form of consciousness, whence would appear the duality consisting of the world, beings and the Lord?
421. If the non-reality of the duality which is experienced is definite, how is the reality (of the experience) 'You and I are different'.
422. Therefore there is clear cognition of the reality of duality. If it is (argued) thus, it is not reasonable when examined logically.
423. Just as the inner self exists in dream as if manifold, similarly even in the waking state the self exists as if manifold.
424. When it is determined that the manifoldness in dream is pervaded by the self, the difference manifests itself, as if it were real.
425. Just as the thickness, thinness or multipleness of the single fire shines forth always due to the difference in wood, so also the difference in the Supreme Self due to the differences in the bodies.
426. Therefore the existence of difference arises on account of the existence of (its) substratum.
427. Just as the existence of silver occurs to the being because of the existence of the shell, so also the existence of duality in the all-pervasive pure consciousness.
428. The shell, when seen only as a white brilliant object, does not appear to a person in its own form.
429. Similarly, even though the Supreme Self is known as pure consciousness, the eternality and perfection of the self does not at all become evident.
430. Just as the unchanging rope appears in the form of a snake, similarly in this case also, the world which consists of beings and the Supreme Lord.
431. Duality exists in the empirical state in two-foldness - as the seer and the seen, (but) does not indeed exist in profound meditation. Therefore it is clearly proved that duality is due to adventitious conditions.
432-434. Therein the visible world (Drisya) is indeed Maya; the seeing self is the Supreme Lord. Maya is not real because it is different from the reality, also because of being the creator of the unreal world. It is not unreal because of being annulled by the true knowledge, because of the immediate cognition 'I do not at all know myself'. Nor is it both real and unreal due to its contradictions.
435-437. Because of the impossibility of the existence of contrary objects in one place, the Maya of the Supreme Self is indescribable as real or as unreal. If it were different from the Supreme Self, it would become non-existent. Mahamaya is of the nature of object to be known, the Supreme Shiva is of the nature of intelligence. It is not capable of being known as such. Because of their contradictory nature, it is not proper to take them as identical.
438. If it is said to be of the nature of (both) difference and non-difference, that too is not proper. For a single entity cannot be different and non-different at the same time. This Maya is of the nature of effect (Karya), therefore it is not with parts.
439-443. Nor is it devoid of parts, for it exists in the form of the universe. If it is also not of the nature both (with and without parts) when viewed from the said reasoning (contradictoriness). Hence it is established that Mahamaya is indeed indescribable. In this form of pure consciousness, this movable and immovable universe appears constantly due to Maya like the imaginary town in the sky. Therefore the universe created by Maya in the pure consciousness in unreal like the universe in the dream, like the rope-snake and like the shell-silver. The unreality of an entity is its negation by the true knowledge.
444-445. Maya exists in the Self till liberation like Rahu in the sun, it is not the body, the sense organ, the mind or intelligence or self. Because of the experience of 'mine' with regard to them, the nature of being self does not apply to them. Likewise, it is certain that the nature of being self does not belong to the vital air (Prana) also.
446. If it is argued that vital air is 'self' because it is inert in deep sleep; how it is not Atman is described (below).
447. (If it is the vital air) there should be the stopping of the function of the sense organs, hence it is not certain that it is the self. Even if it operates thus, the servants always work for the agent twofold, out of love and fear.
448. Since he does not cease to exist during sleep, it is definite that he is the lord.
449. The vital air protects the body because of its actions; the Self who is the cause enters the body and enjoys pleasure.
450-452. Therefore know that the vital air is not the doer. Since bondage is of the nature of sorrow, its destruction is declared liberation (Moksha) by the pure Vedantins and by tradition. Discrimination between the eternal and the non-eternal is held as the first means of spiritual knowledge (Sadhana), the other being non-attachment to this world as well as to the hereafter, qualities of self-control and equanimity and also the desire for release.
453. The person endowed with these means is qualified (to study it). To this qualified who constantly practices 'hearing' (Sravana) etc.
454. On the attainment of the knowledge 'I am Brahman' the immediate destruction of ignorance is liberation; there is no other means.
455. Such is the essence of the doctrine of the noble Vedantins.
456. Thus having examined accurately the relative merits of all the doctrines and having understood what is to be avoided and what is to be adopted, move about at ease.
457. Disciple: O Master be gracious. O Lord of the universe the ignorance accumulated (by me) is destroyed. Is there or is there not liberation for all O Lord?
458. Thus asked by the disciple, the preceptor, the omniscient lord spoke in order to create harmony between (the different) doctrines.
459. Preceptor: According to all these philosophers the self is established as the doer. Because Atman fills everything, it is said to be the all-doer.
460. Having ascertained that the Atman of all is well expressed indeed by the followers (of different systems), I do not dispute with them.
461. The Lord is in every form. By whatever manner (he is) worshipped by people, all that is accepted by the Lord.
462. The Self is conceived by the Charvakas as the body.
463. Since the Self is all-pervasive it is agreed that even the body is the Self. The Self being of the size of the body, voidness and momentariness are attributed (to the self) by the Bauddhas.
464. Inertness and substances are attributed by the materialists to the Self which is of the nature of all-pervasiveness and pure consciousness. Even Prabhakara believed in a similar manner the state of being.
465-466. Purusha is imagined by the Samkhyas who are given to deliberation. And its nature of being the cogniser of the objects of the world is accepted by the Bhattas. The supreme Lord is conceived in different forms by others.
467. According to Kapalikas the nature of the self belongs indeed to the vital air (Prana). (The Lord) shines as all beings and as the Soul of everything.
468. Just like the fire in wood, the oil in the sesamum, the Supreme Being remains pervading the world outwardly and inwardly.
469. In this case, the conception of everyone is true, for the universe which is conceived in him is not different from the Lord.
470. Therefore at the proper time there is liberation to all the followers of (the different) doctrines. Those devoid of such an attitude are conceited fools.
471. They should be avoided diligently. And always observe silence with them. Further, O handsome boy, have confidence in the highest truth taught by me.
472. With the confidence thus placed, you will attain perfection. Further when perfection is well established, the state of possessing the Universe as the self comes into being. While remaining thus,
473. the state of being body of the universe is also produced. And there takes place, in the intellect (the notion that) the possessor of the body is the Supreme Self.
474. Reflecting thus, one should commence to wander about places to beg for alms. Having received alms, one should eat it because food obtained as alms is indeed food.
475. Food obtained as alms is declared to be of three kinds by those proficient in unsullied tradition. Having approached the house of devotees, remaining there at ease,
476. having spent five nights there, the food is termed inferior (Adhama). The mediocre type (Madhyama) is the food obtained from the house of the pure-minded Yogins.
477. The superior is the Madhukara (collected from different houses like collecting honey from different flowers). Thus food is of three kinds. Having exhausted day by day, the experience of the Prarabdha Karma become pure consciousness at the proper time.
478. (Thinking) continually, 'I am of the nature of all-pervasiveness', 'I am everything', always remain of the nature of infinite self-consciousness.
479. Having performed the evening Samdhya, having merged this movable and immovable universe into the pre-consciousness, remain as pure consciousness alone.
480. To the Yogins the Self continues to remain in the same way after the destruction of the body as it was before destruction, hence remain like that.
481. Remembering this day and night, wandering in the world on account of Karma, you will become pure awareness on the exhaustion of the Prarabdha Karma.
482. Disciple: O Master, be gracious, O lord of the universe ! victory to you who are compassion embodied. I know the Self now due to your kindness only. I am the Supreme Lord, of the nature of contentless pure consciousness.
483. I have understood the truth and I have achieved the goal, by worshipping your lotus feet.
484. Wandering in this world always to experience the actions which are in operation and satisfied with whatever obtained, I am entering perfection.
485. This Sastra text Siddhantapanjara came through the mouth of Vighnaraja (Vinayaka) in the presence of Keralavarman, Chief of Matika.
Published | Modified on June 29th, 2018


text:
/ Transformations
How video games change players varies widely. It depends not only on the game but the player, the context they play in and other Activities they enjoy alongside the game.
To record the ways that games change players we have worked with Sabrina Culyba, author of The Transformational Framework. In that book she identifies 10 key areas of change that games bring to the player. We have recorded 148 different transformations through our Game Pathways interviews. They identify not only change for a single game but how these transformations accumulate through a series of related games in the life of a player.
Here are some recent transformation players have told us about the games they are playing:
Understanding Winged Flight
Learning Letter Names and Sounds
Recognise Words and Sentence Structure
Esport Community Engagement
Rachel learned about how different animals communicate, both in the game and the documentaries she watched.
What's Marketing and What's Journalism
Related Gameplay and Narrative
Here are the different types of transformation we ask players about in our Game Pathway interviews:
You know something new
Playing this game enables you to gain knowledge (facts, information and recall) about a topic. This may be as simple as new words to describe things, or as complex as how components of a machine or system work together.
01/03/2022 / 11 months ago
You can do something new
Playing this game enables you to gain a new skill (abilities, technique and application). This may include being able to do something in the game itself, but also includes skills that transfer to to the real world like solve mathematical equations or grow potatoes.
Your body is changed
Playing this game has an effect in your physical body (health, biometrics and performance). This may be that you have exercised regular to gain fitness, or you have developed better motor control or balance or lower resting heart rate.
Your feelings are changed
Playing this game results in your feelings (attitudes and motivations) being altered in some way. This may be your feelings about a subject, such as feeling more positive about non-binary gender identities or about the people in your life such as your relationship with parents, siblings or friends.
Your story has changed
Playing this game results in changes in how you tell the story of who you are (exposure, perspective and reference point). This may now relate in new ways to topics experienced first-hand in games like discrimination or homelessness, or fresh ways to describe your current stage of life.
You act in a different way
Playing this game results in you acting in a different way (habits, actions and choices). This may be a simple as how you choose what food to eat, or as complex as how you spend your money from an environmental perspective.
Your sense of truth has changed
Playing this game has altered your sense of truth (perceptions, worldview and opinions). This may be an adjustment to previous binary thinking (or a lack of that) or a new way to understand what truth is and how to communicate and understand it.
Your relationships are changed
Playing this game alters how you see the social sphere (connections, communication and status). This may be to identify new social aspects of life that can be pursued or an enriching of relationship, community and groups that you are already part of.
Your sense of self has changed
Playing this game has uncovered new ways of seeing yourself (labels, associations and values). This could be language and perspectives to better describe what makes you tick, or identifying new aspects of your personality not previously considered like being creative or strategic.
Your world has changed
When this game is played by the people in a community, it affects how they behave, think and feel as a group (environment and culture). The result may be instigating action such as better voter turn out, or it may alter the way a community spends its resources on housing, parks or support fascilities.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hello, this is Charley. I am filling in for the host of this blog while he is on vacation. Isn't that the way it always works. You have to wait for the man to give you some crumb of a chance, and when you do get it, no one is looking. Everyone is out having a party, or returning clothes at Land's End, but sure-as-shooting not reading this. So I may as well say what I want. He doesn't control me. And probably won't be reading this either.
So I want to talk about cowboys. That's right, cowboys. The kind that live on the range and boil coffee over a fire and cuss and punch guys who get out of line with the ladies. Oops, someone just texted me, I gotta go. Later.
Apparently there was a total lunar eclipse last night that was visible just about everywhere in North America if your conditions were right. I thought it was pretty hard to see it here in North Carolina at 3:17 am, from my bed, with my eyelids closed.
This was the East Wing of my office. The West Wing was another foot to the right.


Trailer Park is the world's leading media marketing company, creating award-winning campaigns and delivering a variety of advertising services to major studios, networks, and other media clients. Some of the services Trailer Park is best known for include theatrical trailers for major motion pictures such as Iron Man, The Grey, and Alvin and the Chipmunks, complete product packaging, billboard and bus sign ads, web sites and mobile applications.
In the past, Trailer Park had used standard ftp to complete transfers to and from their media clients. But ftp proved to be slow and unreliable due to the inherent bottlenecks in the underlying protocol. When the ftp system spontaneously crashed one day after a maintenance window, Trailer Park recognized that it was time to make a switch.
Of key concern for a new transfer solution was security. Trailer Park also wanted to attain greater visibility and control over the transfer environment, having experienced issues with bandwidth saturation in the past when they used a transfer client to send and receive content via their customers' transfer servers, which provided them little ability to throttle transfers.
Using Aspera, Trailer Park now transfers very large files – including full-length HD feature films of up to 400 GB – at maximum speed over their 100 Mbps pipe.
Plus, Aspera Console provides Trailer Park with complete visibility over the transfer environment, so they can monitor and manage bandwidth utilization and work with clients to cap bandwidth usage when needed.


text:
Q: How to make CMake path independent I have a project with the following CMake file:
set(CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE ON)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
project(mp3_tagger)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
find_package(Boost 1.67 COMPONENTS program_options filesystem REQUIRED)

INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIR})
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS)

set(SOURCE_FILES src/main.cpp src/Parser.cpp include/Parser.h src/Tagger.cpp include/Tagger.h)
add_executable(mp3_tagger ${SOURCE_FILES})
target_link_libraries(mp3_tagger ${Boost_LIBRARIES} -L/usr/local/Cellar/taglib/1.11.1/lib -ltag)

I would want to make it work independently from where the library has been installed (essentially i want to remove the hard coded path -L/usr/local/Cellar/taglib/1.11.1/lib) so that the CMake could work on a different machine that might have the library in a different folder like it is for Boost.
Is there a way to do so or the only way would be to modify the file?

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Mouin Rabbani is an independent Middle East analyst based in Amman, Jordan. He is a co-editor of Jadaliyya, a senior fellow with the Institute for Palestine Studies, and contributing editor to the Middle East Report.
Contemporary France will be easily outmaneuvered by the US and Israel.


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Waltham Abbey Wool Show is an annual fixture in the yarn calendar – a one-dayer in a small venue in Essex. It's just six miles from my home in North East London but I've never paid it a visit before, because January's not typically a time when there's not much cash to splash on the stash. But this year, there were a number of fellow fibre folks exhibing that I wanted to catch up with, so on the spur of the moment I decided to pop along.
Cold and deshevilled, I finally arrived, to a warm, woolly, friendly welcome. And I have to say, the bus's scenic route through snowy Epping Forest was beautiful.
The refreshing thing about the show is that its vendors are entirely small, independent businesses, so it is packed with beautiful things. It was nicely busy and bustling, but with a polite crowd and no problems getting close to the popular stalls with a little patience. It's also very affordable at just £3.50 for an advance ticket or £5 on the door.
My first stop was Travel Knitter, aka Larissa, a fellow Walthamstow dyer who specialises in deep, saturated colours inspired by her travels. Larissa had teamed up with designer Nathan Taylor aka Sockmatician (who opened this year's Waltham Abbey Wool Show) to create a kit for his Il Burato double-knit scarf design. I have had my eye on this ever since I saw it in Larissa's Instagram feed.
Double knitting is a skill I have yet to unlock so I'm excited to get started in this project, though I expect it'll be a bit of a slow burner!
It was lovely to finally meet Larissa, though I have of course squished her yarn previously at Wild & Woolly.
Also high on my list was a catch up with Louise of Spin City, whose stand was overflowing with fluffy delights, as usual. It is always lovely to see Louise and compare notes about all things spinning and yarn. If you are in the market for a spinning wheel I highly recommend visiting seeking her stand out at a show as she always has a range of wheels for demo.
Despite me having quite a spinning queue already, I of course left with a sparkly batt. This one reminded me so much of the purple one from the Northern Lights kit I loved so much.
I also picked up a cone of mohair, which is what Louise uses as the 'core' for corespinning. I made a small corespun skein over the summer and it was a lot of fun, but I could use more practice. (I also have no idea what to do with corespun yarn just yet, but it looks really cool in my stash).
All in all, I highly recommend Waltham Abbey Wool Show for all woolly folks, even if that means venturing on rural* buses in the snow. The affordable ticket price makes it a great day out even if January is a bit too much of a pinch for stash enhancement (though you'd need quite some resolve to come away empty handed).
I was the only person on Ye Olde English bus from Loughton to Waltham Abbey. I do see why it is a one-bus-an-hour kind of place.
*by rural I mean non TfL. I am of course being terribly rude about public transport outside London only because we are so absolutely spoilt by it here.


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text:
A Review of Ordinary Magic by Caitlen Rubino-Bradway
Rubino-Bradway flips the Hogwarts scenario on its head by creating a society a lot like ours in which almost everyone has magical powers. The handful of people who don't are hated, mistrusted, and exploited. When Abigail Hale, daughter of an elite magical family, is tested on her twelfth birthday and learns she is an ord (for ordinary), her life is thrown into chaos. The students and teachers at school shun her and she is thrown out. Two hardnosed adventurers, Barbarian Mike and his partner Trixie, try to buy Abby. Fortunately, Abby's family stands by her, unlike the families of many other ords.
Rubino-Bradway is a creative world builder, especially when it comes to the ords. In this world, an ord can cancel out magic, walking through magical security systems and wards, for example. That means an ord can cause a lot of trouble, even becoming a successful thief or, less independently, a carnival attraction. Of course, adventurers in search of magically guarded treasures like to send an ord in first—even if the ord ends up dead because of other, more physical obstacles. In this society, ords are considered to be subhuman, pariahs, and possessions.
But Abby's oldest sister, Alexa, who is one of the most powerful magic makers in the kingdom and works for the king, knows what to do. Abby must go to a special school for ords so she will be safe. There she will learn self defense, among other useful tricks for surviving in a world that treats ords very badly. Which is a really good idea, especially considering Barbarian Mike and Trixie are still trying to get their hands on an ord, whether Abby or one of the other students.
The writing is brisk and reader friendly, and the characters are a group worthy of Hogwarts. I particularly like the self-defense teacher, Becky, and an often-surly fellow student named Peter ("Peter has two modes: annoyed and golem."). Abby winds up in the clutches of the school cook, who seems determined to bring our wealthy heroine down a peg or two—as if being an ord isn't bad enough! We learn that the school is guarded by minotaurs as well as spells on the outer walls. But ultimately, it won't be enough to keep some horrific intruders out.
In Abby's world, magical creatures are just part of the scenery. Here Abby meets the minotaur who is the school's security chief:
Suddenly there was a mountain next to us, one with horns.
Mr. Dimitrios was a minotaur. A real minotaur; the hoofs, the horns, the tail, the nose ring, even the spear, it was all there. His horns were short, just peeking out of his floppy hair, which made him look young—well, youngish. Minotaurs don't really like people knowing things like how they age and how old they get. I had never seen a minotaur before except on those shows where they interview movie stars; huge and hulking in the background are the minotaur bodyguards. Which is probably why Mom and Dad were smiling so much as they shook Mr. Dimitrios's hand. If this school had hired a minotaur, even a young one, they were serious about security.
You'll find action, menace, and social struggle in this well-thought-out book from newcomer Caitlen Rubino-Bradway. Ordinary Magic promises to be the start of an intriguing new fantasy series for middle grade readers. (Ages 8 and up)
Labels: Caitlen Rubino-Bradway, fantasy, Ordinary Magic
I read a book with a similar premise several years ago - Missing Magic by Emma Layton http://jeanlittlelibrary.blogspot.com/search?q=missing+magic
Ordinary Magic sounds a bit more intense than this one, but it was a fun, quick read.
Rina said...
Is it me, or has there been a cover change for this book? I'm pretty sure I have seen a cover where the character's hair was blond instead of dark. Does anyone know how, why, or when this occurred, or have I mistaken something?
@Rina
I think covers are put together months in advance before the 'final cover' goes on, mostly to have something to put on the review copies. I talked to an author at a writing seminar who said that covers and titles can change a few times before the final book comes out.
Anyway i really got into this book. I like what Book Aunt says about 'creative world builder' - so interesting and i just loved Abbys family!
Jennifer, I'll have to look for that one. The prejudice theme is really strong in this book, so I'd like to see a different handling of the premise.
Rina, I didn't see the previous cover. Interesting.
Luci, thanks for the info. Glad to hear you liked the book, too!
Adriana said...
Ooh. That sounds very good. When reading it I wonder how everything will be since her family stands beside her. It makes me think of Hex Hall because of the whole her going to go to a place s she can learn to defend herself. It looks like it is children's which is fine but it would be interesting to see it from a teenagers perspective. Thanks for the review :D
This sounds so good! It's interesting; I've been re-reading the Harry Potter books and musing on what a story revolving around a Squib would read like - or even what would happen if someone in the magical world wanted to grow up and become a mathematician, or a plumber, or something completely ordinary. Sounds like this book might give me some answer to that supposition!
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Merry Month of May: More Picture Books
Goodbye, Maurice
Letter Writing, Hot Chocolate, and Magic
Cinco de Book Pick
Thank You, Diana Wynne Jones
Water Sings Blue Giveaway Winner


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text:
Against privatisation of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited: Petroleum workers take out a long march in Mumbai
On November 28, 2019, tens of thousands of workers of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) and Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) took part in an All India General Strike to protest against privatisation of BPCL and HPCL. Workers in all the refineries, as well as marketing and pipeline workers participated in the strike.
The strike call in BPCL was given by the joint forum of four BPCL Employees Unions — Bharat Petroleum Corporation Refinery Employees' Union (BPCREU), Bharat Petroleum Technical and Non Technical Employees Association (BPTNTEA), Process Technicians Association (PTA) and Petroleum Workers Union (PWU). They were also joined by the Association representing Marketing workers.
In Mumbai, thousands of workers took out a 10 km Long March from the refinery located at Mahul to Chembur Station from 8 a.m. in the morning to 12 noon. This also included a large contingent of women workers. They shouted slogans all along the route denouncing the Central Government's announcement of selling off the 53.3% shares of BPCL held by it on 20th of November 2019, and handing over management control to a private company. They distributed pamphlets to the people along the route explaining how privatisation was anti-people and anti-national. Activists of Kamgar Ekta Committee distributed leaflets to people explaining how privatisation of BPCL as well as all essential services such as health, education, railways, and other public sector enterprises is anti-national and anti-worker.
The march culminated in a massive rally near Chembur station. Petroleum workers shouted militant slogans expressing their determination to defeat the privatisation move of the Central government. The massive rally of petroleum workers was addressed by leaders of the trade union and workers movement.
The rally began with the address of Comrade A Matthew of the Kamgar Ekta Committee. Comrade Matthew saluted the workers of BPCL refinery for militantly and unitedly opposing the privatisation of BPCL as well as for taking out this long march to mobilise the support of the working people of Mumbai.
Com Utagi, Joint Convenor of Trade Unions Joint Action Committee- Maharashtra (TUJAC), said that it is very likely that Saudi Aramco, a petroleum monopoly from Saudi Arabia will buy BPCL. He warned that behind Saudi Arabia stands the US imperialists and the sell out of BPCL would mean that India's oil refining would come under the control of the US imperialists.
Comrade Milind Ranade of AITUC saluted the refinery workers and told the masses of people who were looking on that the struggle of the refinery workers was the struggle of the ordinary people, the daily wage earners, the small shopkeepers, hawkers, rickshaw and taxi drivers etc, since the rising price of petrol with privatisation would affect everybody.
Retired Justice Kolse Patil asked the refinery workers to take the struggle ahead and not fear the police or jail.
The meeting ended with a rousing call by the workers that they will unitedly oppose the privatisation of BPCL with more such strikes and joint actions.


Part of my sabbatical has included reconnecting--reconnecting with God, with family, with friends. After Audrey Scanlan's consecration, I headed to Virginia for a visit with my mother and step father followed by time in Richmond where I stayed with extended family. I had lunch in Farmington with a childhood friend, spent time with cousins. We went to Southern Maryland (Leonardtown) where four generations of cousins gathered for the day--the youngest being 11 months old and named Kendall after my grandmother and her great great great grandmother. Being together was such great joy and has taken many years with lots of catch up news. Only funerals have brought us together in recent years. I returned to Alexandria on the way home for another visit with mother and my step father.
On this beautiful day I headed back to CT and decided to first stop at Arlington National Cemetery to visit my father's grave. With the help of a kind woman at the registration desk and a map, I found his grave among hundreds of headstones. There's a hush of sweet silence throughout the cemetery. Tourists and visitors honor the lives given and sacrificed in all of our wars fought for freedom, many of whom are laid to rest there. When one has a loved one buried there, you're issued a pass to drive through the cemetery, and I rode around for a time. I also visited the Tomb of the Unknowns and watched as a young family placed a wreath at the tomb. To my surprise there was a group of veterans each with insignia red caps who were there to witness the changing of the guard. They were an "Honor Flight" group--WW II veterans flown free to Washington from all around the country and each given a care giver for their time in DC. I talked with a grandchild of one of the veterans and he was so proud to be there. I don't know whether any of these veterans knew each other during the war. I can only imagine that their reconnecting was a gift to them--a time to remember their service and remember their comrades. How much I yearn for a time when war is not needed as a solution to discord.
A safe trip home, a heart of gratitude, and prayers for you all as you gather to celebrate Audrey Morgan's life on Monday. I will miss being there.


text:
Copa Centro Automovilístico Uruguayo 1929 - mecz towarzyski o puchar Centro Automovilístico Uruguayo 1929 odbył się w 1929 roku, ku czci ofiar trzęsienia ziemi w Argentynie. W spotkaniu uczestniczyły zespoły: Argentyny i Urugwaju. W tym samym dniu odbył się mecz o puchar Camara de Diputados Argentina, tyle, że w Argentynie.

Mecze

Trofeum przekazano gościom za ich wizytę w Urugwaju.

Linki zewnętrzne
 Wzmianka o meczu na stronie Asociación del Fútbol Argentino
 The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation

1929 w Ameryce Południowej
1929 w piłce nożnej
Międzynarodowe rozgrywki narodowych reprezentacji w piłce nożnej
Rozgrywki piłkarskie w Urugwaju

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